OR, ANCIENT TENURES OF LAND, JOCULAR CUSTOMS OF 3IAN0RS. ORIGINALLY PtIBLISHEO BY THOMAS BLOUNT, ESQ. OF THE INNER TEMPLE. ENLARGED AND CORRECTED BY JOSIAII BECKWITH, GEINT. FAS. ■WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES, BY HERCULES MALEBYSSE BECKWITH. " I do marvel many times that my Lord Coke, adorning our Law with so many Flowers of Antiquity and Foreign Learning, hath not turned into this field, from whence so many roots of our Law have been taken and transplanted." Spelm. Orig. of Terms, c. viii. LONDON: PRINTED BV S. BROOKE, PATERNOSTER-ROW, FOR MESSRS. BUTTERWORTH AND SON, FLEET-STREET; LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN, PATERNOSTER-ROW; AND REED AND HUNTER, BELL-YARD, LINCOLN'S INN. 1815. 64023 3^ Z. TO THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS, OF THE SOCIETY OF A^TIQUARIES OF LONDON, THIS enlargi:d and improved edition, OF BLOUNT S FRAGMENTA ANTIQUITATIS, IS, WITH GREAT RESPECT, DEDICATED, BY THEIR MOST OBEDIENT, , HUMBLE SERVANT, H. M. BECKWnn. ■3 } t V ] A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE AUTHOR. A^ S readers generally like to acquire some knowlerlge of the life and cir- cumstances of the authors they read, it may not be unacceptable to them to find some short account of Mr. Thomas Blount, in this place. Now, as Mr. Blount was neither an eminent Statesman, nor a great Churchman, but ranked merely in the line of voluminous and useful writers, for such he un- doubtedly was in his time, little can be drawn concerning him from any other ^ source, than Anthony a Wood's Athenae, and thence we have accordingly ^ transcribed the followintr account. es " Thomas Blount, son of Myles Blount, of Orleton, in Herefordshire, the fifth son of Roger Blount, of Monkland, in the same county, was born at ^j Bordesley, in Worcestershire, (about A. D. 1019.) being of a younger house, >o of an antient* and noble family of his name, but never advantaged in learning by the help of an University, only his own genius and industry, together with the helps of his scholastical acquaintance during his continuance in the Temple, before and after he was a barrister. ■ " His writings are many, and some perhaps not fit here to be put down ; among which are, 1. " The Academy of Eloquence, containing a complete English Rhetoric. Printed at London in the time of the rebellion j and several times after. * H. " Glossographia ; or, a Dictionary interpreting such hard Words, whe- ther Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Italian, &c. that are now used in our refined English Tongue, &c. London, 1050, octavo, published several times after with additions and amendments. • See more of his family in the third impression of Hen. Peacham's Complete Gentleman, &c. London, 4to. 1661, p. 230, 231, wliicli Discourse there of Blount's family, was drawn up by this Th.0. Blount, and put into the hands of the publi&lKT of the «aid third im_pres»ion of Peacham. 8. " The C *i 3 3. " The Lamps of the Law, and Lights of the Gospel j or, the Titles of some liite Spiritual, Polemical, and Metaphysical new Books. London, 1658, in 8vo. written in imitation of J. Birkenhead's Paul's Chuvch-yard, and pub- lished under the name of Grass and Hay withers. 4. " Boscobel ; or, the History of his Majesty's Escape after the Battle of Worcester, 3d September, IGol. London, 16G0, in 8vo. ; there again 1680, in 8vo. third edition, translated into French and Portuguese ; the last of which was done by Peter Gifford, of White Ladies, in Staftordshire, a Roman Ca- tholic. Vide No. 11. 5. " The Catholic Almanack, for 1G61, 6-2, 63, 5cc. which selling not so well as Joh. Booker's Almanack did, he therefore wrote, 6. " Booker rebuked ; or, Animadversions on Booker's Telescopium Ura- nicum or Ej)hcmeris, 166''>, which is very erroneous, Sec. liondon, 166-'», quarto, in one sheet, which made nuich sport among people, having had the assistance therein of Jo. Sargeant and Jo. Austen. 7. " A Law Dictionary, interpreting such difficult and obscure Words and Terms as arc found either in our Common or Statute, antient or modern l-aws. liOndon, T671, fol. There again in 1691, with some Corrections, and the addition of above fOO words. (This is the No/xoAf^/xov.) 8. " Animadversions upon Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle and its Continua- tion, &c. Oxon, 1672, S\o. 9. " A \\'orid of Errors discovered in the New World of A^'ords, (^c. Loudon, 1673, fol. written against Edw. Plulips his book, entitled, A New ■*S\'orld of lllnglish Words. 10. " Fragmenta Autiquitatis, antient Tenures of Land, atid Jocular Cus- toms of some Jlanors, 4cc. London, 1679, 8\o- 11. " Boscobel, .'!vc. the second part. London, 1681, 8vo, to which is added, Ciau.trum regale rescratum ; or, the Ring's Concealment at Trent, in Sonursetshiie, puUlislud by Mrs. Anne Windham, of Trent. (See No. 4.) "Our " Our author Blount also wrote Animadversions upon Britannia, written l)y R. Blome, but wiiether printed I cannot tell ; and translated from Freneh into Eng-lish, the Art of makinj^ Devises. London, 10 16, and 50, in quarto, written orig^inally by Hen. Estienne, Lord of Fossez; to which Blount added, A Cataloguo of Coronet Devises, both on the King's and rarlianient's Side, in the late Wars. "At length, upon the breakini^ out of the Popish Plot, being mueh af- frighted by the violent current of that time, (he himstlf being a •/eah)us Ro- man Catholic) he contracted the Palsy, as by his last letter sent to me, dated 28th April, 1679, I was informed, adding therein, that he had then quitted all books except those of devotion. On the 26th of Decend)er following, be^ jng St. Stephen's Day, he died at Orleton, in Herefordshire, (where he had a fair and plentiful estate) in the year of his age 61, and was buried in the church there, and soon after had a comely monument put over his grave by Anne, his relict, daughter of Edmund Church, of Maldon, in Essex, Esquire. He then left behind him an imperfect Chronicle of England, which he and J, B. (that's all I know of him, for Mr. Blount would never tell me his name) bad for several years been compiling; but what became of it ufler- Wftrds I cannot tell," Wood, Atiiev, Oxon, H. col. It}, MR. [ viii ] MR. BLOUNT TO THE READER. \ 1 rillLST I was perusing njany of our both public and private records ' ^ lor other ends, I thought a small Collection of some remarkable Tenures of land, and unusual Customs of some Manors, might not be unacceptable to the studious, who, when weary with poring upon Littleton's Tenures, and his learned Commentator, might relaxere fibulam by recun-ing to these, and smile at the inoffensive mirth both of our Kings, in former times, and lords of manors in creating them ; some of which, I confess, are since converted into a rent, having a Modo Arrentatur entered in the record, others are by length of time disused, and others yet remain in force : as, not long since, I had the curiosity to ask an old officer in the Exchequer, whether he ever remembered any herring pies paid to the King for the manor of Carlton, in Norfolk ? Yes, very well, answered he, for we had some of them in court among us here last term. Nor does the late act of parliament (stat. 12 Car. II. cap. 24.) for taking away all tenures by knight's service and capite, extend to the discharging the honorary services of Grand Serjeanty, other than of wai'dship, marriage, &c. but are left standing on their whole foun- dation by a particular proviso in that act. Neither are these kind of tenures unusual in other countries ; for we read of a queen of Hungary, who, upon her death bed, bequeathed the city and province of Altenburg to one of the lords of her court, upon condition that he and his successors should always keep a certain number of peacocks ; in defect whereof the territory should revert to the crown. My first intention was to render all the records in English ; but, upon second thoughts, I judge the original words would be more acceptable both to the learned and learner ; and for the help of the latter, have explained (to the best of my skill) those of any difficulty, at least as many of them as I could, for some I believe may pose the ablest glossographer now living ; as Warocks, Muta deynectorum Canum, Heyniectis, Cyppos, Berbiagium, Chacuros, [ ix ] Chacuros, Sensas, Muta Vini, and Grnna Vini, &c.* Or, to sneak more truly, I took them as I found them, some out of the very records, others ex- tracted thence, and translated to my hand ; for I was not willino- to spend very much time in rem levem, as Sir Henry Spelman words it upon a like occasion. And yet, as lig-ht as the subject may seem to be, I am very well informed, that Attorney-General Noy had, a little before his death, bespoke a copy of all the tenures by serjeanty, remaining- upon record; 'tis like he judged them useful, or divertising*, or both. I have pnqiosely omitted, or but rarely mentioned, those more common tenures, whereby the owner was obliged to deliver, yearly, into the Exche- quer, a mew'd sparhawk, a pair of spurs, gloves, or the like, of wliich kind I met with many, and held them not for my purpose, which was to take in none but what were in some respect or other remarkable. Nor must I foroet to advertise the reader, that the names of divers manors and places, here mentioned, are written otherwise now than they were of old, which the know- ing- in each county will easily reconcile. And however others may like of this essay, some gentlemen of antieut descent, I presume, will be well enough pleased to see their ancestors names thus revived, and transmitted from our seldom seen records to a more public register. Nothing of this nature having, to my knowledge, been ever, till now, made public. And I will be bold to say, the students in Law-Latin and Record-Learning, shall not any where find so much singular of that kind collected in so small a volume. Lege, ride, disce. THO. BLOUNT. • An explanation, however, of some of these, will be attempted in their placet. MR. MR. BECKWITII'S PREFACLl [ 1784. ] "r\EMANDS being- repeatedly made, and almost as often disappointed, for copies of this curious book, commonly known by the name of Blount's Tenures; which, indeed, after a tlux of more than an hundred years, are become exceeding- scarce, a large number of my friends, as well as myself, have thought it might prove an acceptable piece of service to the public to recal it to the press. These g-entlemen, conceiving- some favour- able sentiments, not of my abilities, which I acknowledge are but slender, but of my diligence and application, have accordingly been induced to im- pose the task of revising the work upon me ; and I, more in compliance with their request, thaii from any conridence I could presume to repose in niy own (pxalifications^ have adventured to embark in the undertaking. Now, in order to give this edition certain improvements, which were thought not only necessary, but might reasonably be expected by the reader, I have, in the first place, arranged Mr. Blount's materials, whith are all here preserved entire, in a clearer and more commodious manner than they now appear in his own edition of 1679, 2dly, The records, which heretofore were only given in Law-Latin, or French, are here, according to the best of the Editor's skill, rendered into English, and he submits his translations, with all deference, together with the notes marked with the letter E, and those not marked, to the candour and impartiality of his readers, whose favour, in this regard, he earnestly bespeaks and solicits. In respect of the translations, he begs leave to observe further, that an English version of the several extracts from charters, &c. appeared [ xi ] appeared to him more necessary now, than in the hist century, when Mr. Blount made his compiUition; because tJie law being then in Latin, and tlio reports for the most part in Frencli, those lang-uages were more studied at that time, than they can be supposed to be at present. Tlie Editor, 3dly, has endeavoured, with the help of his learned friends, to elucidate such difficult, either Words or Phrases, as appear to have been unin- telligible to, or misunderstood by Mr. Blount ; and yet at last, notwithstand- ing- all his labour and pains upon this head, some terms remain still, through the Editor's incapacity, without explanation, Mhich consecpiently must be de- livered over to the greater sagacity of the intelligent readers. But, 4thly, what the Editor values himself most upon, are, the many ad- ditions and improvements which, by the favour of his friends, he has been enabled to make to Mr. Bloiuit's work. These he justly esteems the most valuable part of his performance, and they are owing to the communications and contributions of his much-respected friend and benefactor, Francis Fer- rand Foljambe, of Aldwarke, co. Kbor. Esq. ; of whose inestimable MSS. he has been indulged with the penisal, and thence has made many very important extracts* : also of the learned and Rev. Mr. Sam. Pegge, F. S. A. and Rector of Whittington, in Derbyshire, whose copious annotations *, &c. are marked P. Of George Allan, of Darlington, Esq. F. S. A. to whom he is indebted for many tenures in the Bishopric of Durham *, and the notes marked A. Of R. Cough, Esq. Director of the Society of Antiquaries, and F. R. S. for a transcript of the late Bishop Keunett's notes on Blount's Tenures ; moreover, of Thomas Astle, Esq. Chief Clerk of the records in the Tower, F. R. and A. S. S. Of the late Rev. Mr. John Watson, Rector of Stockport, in Cheshire, F. S. A. for various articles, all properly denoted ; also, of the late John Wilson, Esq. of Broomhead, a gentleman of o-reat knowledge in antiquities; and lastly, of Heni-y Atkinson, of Ripen, Esq. &c. • Many of these, as well as several favours of tlie like kind, from his friends and correspondents, the Editor has been unavoidably obliged to omit for want of room ; but should a second volume of this work be published, they siiall be then inserted. b 2 The , C xii ] The Editor is extremely desirous of making his sincerest acknowledgments to these gentlemen for their friendly communications, which he does the more readily and gi-atefully, as he is sensible that the very mention of their names confers the greatest honour upon himself. To conclude: notwithstanding these material additions to Mr. Blount's work, the Editor, in the researches he found it necessary to make preparatory to his committing the work to the press, (which have greatly retarded the publication of it) and through the further communications of his learned friends, has already collected upwards of three hundred curious Tenures and Customs, &c. more than are here exhibited. If, therefore, he meets with suitable encouragement in this his first essay, a second volume, or continua- tion of the subject, may, probably, hereafter make its appearance ; but this depends entirely on the reception given to the present attempt. THE [ x"« ] THE PRESENT EDITOR'S PREFACE. 'T^HE Editor of this enlarged edition of a work which owes its prin- cipal success to the I'eputation of the first compiler, has been induced, by considerations similar to those which actuated his father, above thirty years ago, to republish it in the present augmented state. The late Mr. Beckwith had collected upwards of three hundred various Tenures subsequent to the publication of the last edition, with a view of rendering the work more perfect at a future period. In the course of that collection he received some valuable communications from various leai-ned friends, and particularly respecting the tenures in the Bishopric of Durham, from the late Dr. Pegge, the respected Rector of Whittington, in Derbyshire, from whom also the present Editor has subsequently derived additional infor- mation. The principal part of the valuable matter thus obtained, has been placed in the notes, with the initial of Doctor Pegge's name subjoined. The letter W. has been added to other of the annotations, in order to draw the attention of the reader to some interesting particulars kindly fur- nished by Sir Patrick Walker, his Majesty's Gentleman Usher of the White Rod. These form, however, but a small portion of the numerous favours con- ferred by several valued and esteemed friends in communications towards forming this extended work, which the Editor feels confident will acquire additional < C xiv ] additional interest with the learned reader, from having to number amongst its contributoi-s several gentlemen of the highest celebrity for their attain- ments in antiquarian research. Possessing these advantages, it is not without a considerable degree of confidence that the Editor presents his work to the public. The very great labour of research bestowed upon it by his father and himself, will be amply compensated by their approbation, which he has little doubt they will freely grant, should it be found to possess Such a portion of information and utility as to entitle itself to their respect. A TABLE [ XV ] TABLE OF THE CONTENTS. CAP. I. OF GRAND SERJEAXTY. Page Section I. A Dejinition of the Tenure hy Grand Seijeanti/, .... 1 II. Of Grand Serjeanties performed at the Coronation of the Kings and Queens of England and Scotland, hy the Great Officers of State, and others, in respect of their Offices; or of Baronies, Lands, or Tenements, noir, orformcrh/ annexed thereto, .... 2 III. Of Grand Serjeanties performed at the Coronation of the Kings and Queens of England, by Persons in respect of Manors, Lands, or Tenements, ....... 39 IV. Of Grand Serjeanties performed, in respect of Manors, Lands, or Tene- ments, at other Times, and on other Occasions than the Coronations of the Kings and Queens of England, . . . . 72 CAP. II. OF PETIT SERJEANTY. Section I. A Definition of the Tenure ly Petit Serjeanty, .... 98 II. Of Petit Serjeanty by finding Horsemen for the Wars, ... 99 III. Of Petit Serjeanties by fi)iding Footmen for the Wars, . . . 11. '5 IV. OJ' Petit Serjeanties by finding Horses, iic. for the IVars, . , , ]31 V. Of Petit Seijeanties byfinding Arms Jbr the King in his Wars, S)X. . 14 j VI, Of Petit Serjeanties, performed in the King's Household, and by finding him with Clothes and Provisions, x. . G"0 Section Page Section X. Of Pelit Serjeanties, performed hy keeping for, and delivering Hawks, Sfc. to, the King, £63 XI. Of Petit Serjeanties, by Religious Services, . . . . . 281 XII. Of Petit Serjeanties relating to the providing of Ships, Boats, SiC. . 287 XIII. Of Petit Serjeanties performed by matiual Labour, S^c. . . . 293 XIV, Of Lands formerly held of the Crown by various other Tenures, . 308 CAP. III. or LANDS HELD OF SUBJECTS BY SERVICES OF THE NATURE OF GRAND AND PETIT SERJEANTY, &c. Section I. Of Lands held of Ecclesiastical Palatines, exercising Regal Authority within the Kingdom, by Services of the Nature of Grand and Petit Serjeanty, &ic 343 II. Of Lands held of Temporal Palatines, exercising Regal Authority within the Kingdom, by Services of the Nature of Grand and Petit Ser- jeanty, 8fc. 380 III. Of Lands held of Ecclesiastical Lords by Services of the Nature of Grand and Petit Serjeanty, ^x. ...... 393 IV. Of Lands held of Temporal Lords by Services of the Nature of Grand and Petit Serjeanty, S^c 412 V. Of Lands held by Villenage Tenure, 464 CAP. IV. Section I. Customs of Manors, 501 11. Ancient Modes of Trial, and Punishment of Offenders, . . . 641 III. Ancient Forms oj' Grants, ........ 665 IV. Reliefs and Fines on Admission to Lands, Sfc. .... 668 Appendix. Index to the Na7nes of Places. Judex of the Names of Persons. Index of the Obsolete and difficult Words and Phrases, Customs, Sfc. FRAGMEiNTA • FRAGMENTA ANTIQUITATIS. CAP. I. OF GRAND SERJEANTY. SECT. I. A Definition of the Tenure by Grand Serjcantij. rpENURE by Grand Serjcanty, is, where a man holds his lands or tenements of our sovereign lord the King, by such services as he ought to do in his proper person to the King ; as to carry the banner of the King, or his lance, or to lead his army, or to be his marshal, or to carry his sword before hira at his Coronation, or to be his sewer at his Coronation, or his carver, or his butler, or to be one of his chamberlains of the receipt of his exchequer, or to do other like services, &c. And the cause why this service is called Grand Serjeanty, is, for that it is a greater and more worthy service than the service in the tenure of escuage. For he which holdeth by escuage, is not limited by his tenure to do any more especial service than any other which holdeth by escuage ought to do: but he which holdeth by Grand Serjeanty ought to do some special service to the King, which he that holds by escuage ought not to do*. ♦ Littleton's Tenures, sect. 153. B SECT. SECT. II. Of Grand Serjeantics performed at the Coronation of the Kings and Queens of England and Scotland, by the Great Officers of State, and others, in respect of their Offices ; or of Baronies, Lands, or Tenements, now, or formerly annexed thereto. And first, of THE LORD niGII-STEWARD OF E\GLAND; The first great officer of the crown, according to the account of our ancestors ; called also viceroy or lieutenant. Previous to every Coronation he has a commission under the great seal, hac vice, to hear and determine the claims for Grand Serjeanfy, and other honourable services, to be done at the Coro- nation, for the solenmization thereof; for which purpose he holds liis court some convenient time before the Coronation. At the Coronation he marches immediately before the Kino:, above all other officers of the crown, and bears in his hand St. Edward's crown. The otlier parts of his office, respecting the trials of peers of the realm, &c. do not properly belong to this treatise, and therefore shall be omitted. The The office of Lord High Steward of England is of great antiquity, and was before the conquest, for iii the Grand Custoniier de Nor- mandy, it is said that Godwin, Earl of Kent, in the time of King Edward the Confessor, for his evil deeds and counsels was ad- judged by the Steward of England, and forfeited his earldoiu*. In the time of the Conqueror, AVilliam Fitz-Eustace a\^s Steward of England. And in the reigns of William Kufus and Henry I. Hugh de Grantesmenel, Baron of llinkley, held that barony by the said office. Of antient time this office was of inheritance, and ajjpertained to the earldom of Leicester, as it also appears by the said Customier; though other records testify that it belonged to the BARONY OF IHNKLEY. The truth is, that Hinkley was parcel of the possessions of the Earl of Leicester; for Robert Bcllomont, in the reign of Henry H. married Petrouilla, dauohter and heir of the said Huji-h Grantes- menel, Baron of Hinkley, and Lord Steward of England, and in her rij-ht was Steward of Eno;!and; and so it continued in that family, until by the forfeiture of Simon de Mountfort, Earl of Lei- cester, and grandson of the said Petronilla, it came, in 1205, to King Henry HL who, in the StOih year of his reign,^ (1200) created *SicutacciditGodwinoComitiKanci!E, tern- et conciliis suis (per Seneschalltim Angliae) pore Regis Edwardi antecessoris Willielnii adjudicatus et I'orisfecit comitivam suam. Cust. Uucis Norinandiae, pro hujusmodi male gestis de Norm, Cap, x, 4 Inst, 58. B 2 his his second son Edmund, surnanied Cronchback, Earl of Leicester, Baron of Ilinkley, and High Steward of England, and also Earl of Lancaster, Derby and Lincoln. He was succeeded bj his eldest son Thomas, who being beheaded at Pontefract, in the year 1322, was succeeded by his brother Henry, who, in the 9tn year of the reign of King Edward HI. had a grant from that King of the office of Steward of England, to him and the heirs of his body. This Henry was succeeded by his son Henry, surnamed Grismund, from the place of his birth (Grismund Castle in Monmouthshire) and Tort col. or Wry-Neck, who was created Duke of Lancaster by King Edward HL and he by his two daughters, Maud and Blanch, the elder of whom married William V. Duke of Bavaria, Earl of ILainault, Holland, Zeland and Friezland, who died without issue ; and the vouno-er, Blanch, was married to John of Gaunt, fourth son of Kino- Edward HL who, in her rig-ht, succeeded as Steward of Eno-land, and exercised that office at the Coronation of King Richard H. His son Henry, surnamed of Bolinbroke, was the last that had any estate of inheritance in the office of the Steward of Enoland, for upon the deposing of King Richard, he succeeded him in the throne, and the office of Steward became vested in the crown ; since which time it has never been granted to any subject, but only hac vice. The first who was created hac vice was Tliomas, second son to King Henry IV. (afterwards Earl of Albemarle and Duke of Cla- rence), who, previous to his father's Coronation, sat as Lord High Steward of England, by the King's commandment, in the White- hall of the King's palace at Westminster, and, as belonging to his office, he caused enquiry to be made what offices were to be exer- cised cised by any manner of persons, on llio ihiy of (he Kino-'s Corona- tion, and wliat fees were belongincv to the same ; " cansino- procla- mation to be made that what nobleman or other, that could clainie any office that day of the solemniznig- the King's Coronation, they should come, and put in their bylles comprehendino- their de- maundz ; whereupon divers offices and fees were claimed, as well by bylles, as otherwise, by speech of mouth*." At that Coronation the said Lord Thomas, as Steward of Eno-land claimed and had for his fee the vessels of wine that lay under the bar ; notwithstanding; that the same were claimed by Thomas Earl of Arundel, as chief butler of England -j-. The reason why the office of Steward of England has never, since it merged in the crown, been granted to any subject, but only hac vice, was because his power was so transcendent that it was not held fit to be in any subject's hands : for his office was to oversee and rule, under the King, and immediately after the King, the whole kingdom of England, and all the ministers of the law within the kingdom, both in times of peace and war, &c. .]: When the Lord High Steward sits by force of his office, he sits under a cloth of estate, and such as direct their speech to him say, " Please your Grace my Lord High Steward of England §." * Cromp. Jurisdict. 84, b. post regem, totum regnum Anglis, et omnes t Ibid. 85, b. ininistros legum infra idem regnum temporibiis X Et sciendum est quod ejus officium est pacis et guerrarum, &c. supervidere et regulare sub rege et immediate § 4 Inst. 5y. The The stile of the said John of Gaunt was, John, son of the Kinir of England, King of Leon and Castile, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Steward of Eng- land * The other Great Officers of the Crown are, 2. The Lord High Chancellor. 3. The Lord Hio;h Treasurer. 4. The Lord President of the Council. 5. The Lord Privy Seal. 6. The Lord Great Chamberlain of England. 7. The Lord High Constable of England. 8. The Earl Marshal of England. And 9. The Lord High Admiral. But as I do not find that any of these great officers, except the Lord Great Chamberlain, the Lord High Constable, and the Earl Marshal, perform any honourary services at the Coronation, cither in respect of their offices, or of any baronies, lauds or tenement's now or formerly annexed thereto, 1 shall pass by the four first, and the last, and begin with THE LORD GREAT CILVMBERLAIN OF ENGLAND, Whose office is also of great antiquity. To him belongs livery and lodo-ino- in the Kino-'s court, and certain fees due from each * Johannes filius Regis Anglise, Rex Legionis Derbiae, Lincolniae, et Leicestrias, Seneschallus etCastellae, Dux AquitaniaeetLancastriae, Conies Aiigliae. 4 lust. 59- archbishop Qrelibisliop and liisliop, when they do homaf^e or fealty to ihe Kinp;, and from all the peers of the realm at their creation, or when they do homage or fealty; and at the Coronation of every Kinjr he is to have forty ells of crimson velvet for his own robes ; and on the Co- ronation-day, before the King rises, he is to bi'ing his shirt, coif, and wearing-clothes, and after the King is by him apparelled and gone forth, to have his bed, and all the furniture of his bed-chamber, for his fees, and all the King's night apparel ; and to carry at the Coro- nation the coif, gloves, and linen to be used by the King upon that occasion ; also the sword and scabbard, and the gold to be offered by the King, and the robe-royal, and crown, and to undress and attire the King with the robes-royal, and to serve the King that day with water to wash his hands, and to have the bason and towels for his fees, &c. * To him belongs the government of the whole palace of Westmin- ster ; he also issues out his warrants for the preparing, fitting, and furnishino; of AVcstminster-hall ao-ainst Coronations, &c. The Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, the yeoman usher and door- keepers are under his command f-. lie disposes of the sword of state to what Lord he pleases, to be carried before the King when he comes to the parliament, and goes on the right hand of the sword, next to the King's person, and the Lord Marshal on the left J. Upon all solemn occasions the keys of Westminster-hall, and the * Chamberlayiie's present State of Great f Ibid. Britain, part I. lib. II. cap. 1 1, + Ibid. keys 8 keys of the court of wards and court of requests, are delivered to hiin *. This honour was, by King Henry II. about the year 1155, con- ferred on Aubery de Vere, Baron of Bolebec, Carford and Baddies- mere, and Earl of Oxford, and he and his posterity enjoyed it, for eio-hteen descents, till the beginning of the last century. At the Coronation of King Richard II., Robert de Vere, then Earl of Oxford, exhibited into the court of the Lord High Steward, the following petition : viz. To my most honourable lord the King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Lancaster and Steward of Englantl : Your petitioner, Ro- bert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, prays, that as his ancestors, for time out of mind, have in their turns, served the noble progenitors of our lord the King that now is, with water, as well before dinner as after, on the day of their Coronation, and have had, as their right, the basons and the towels with which the said progenitors have been served on the days of their Coronation, as appears in the records of the King's Exchequer, that it would please your most great Highness to grant that he may do the said office, as his ances- tors have done before, and have els dount les dits progenitors ount este serviez as ditz jours delour coronraent sicome appiert in les rccordes de 1' Eschequer le Roy : que il pleas a vf e tres graund hautesse a graunt. que il puit fairclc dit office, come ses auncesters ount fait devant, et aver les fees au dit office appendals. — Et quia per recorda et evidencias ex parte ipsius comitis in curia prolat' sufficienter con- stat, ijuod idem comes jus habet ad officia procdicta prout supeiius petijt in feodo obti- nend' et facta proclam' si quis peticioni suie in liac pai te eontradicere vellet, nullus clameo siio pra^dicto in aliquo contradixit — Ideo cou- deratuni fuit quod idem conies officiu prjedic- tum personaliter faceret et exerceret, (si domi- nus Rex ad lia>c, non obstante miiiori letafe ipsius Comitis) graciose vellet coiiseiitire. Qui quidem doniinus Rex postmodum voluit et con- cessit, quod prrefatus comes, in propria persona sua, officia pra;dir4a dicto die Coroiiationis ipsius Regis faceret, eo non obstante quod infra aetatein et in custodia Regis existit. Et sic idem comes officia ilia, eodem die Corona- tionis, in omnibus adimplevit, et pelves et nia- nutergia unde servivit, ac feoda camerarij ad opus suum proprium reccpit. Cronipton Ju- risdict. 87. c Chamberlain, 10 Chamberlain, and gave water to the Kino- when he washed, both before and after dinner ; having for his fees the bason, ewer, and towels, with other things whatsoever belonging to liis office, notwith- standing Anbery de Vere, Earl of Oxford, put in his petitions to have that office, as due to him from his ancestors *. The office of Lord Great Chamberlain continued from this time, in the family of the Veres, Earls of Oxford, with some interruptions, till the reicfn of King; Charles I., when that Monarch, about the year 1626, created Robert Bertie, Lord Willoughby of Eresby, Lord Great Chamberlain and Earl of Lindsey, and he, his son, Montague Bertie, and grandson, Robert Bertie, successively Earls of Lindsey, executed that office during the reigns of the two Charles's 1st and lid. At the Coronation of King James II., the following petitions were exhibited to the lords commissioners for hearing claims, &c. " To the right honourable and illustrious lords, the com- " missioners of our most renowned sovereign lord Kinjj: " James the Second, assigned to hear and determine, adjudge " and end all sorts of petitions and claims of all kinds of peo- " pie who ought to do any manner of service about the King's " person on the day of his Coronation, bj reason of their inhe- *' ritances or otherwise." * Cromp. 85. " Robert, 11 *' Robert, Earl of Lindsey, Baron of Willouohby, Beke and Eresby, prays that as he is Great Chamberlain of England in fee of our most renowned lord the King, it would please your lordships to admit him, as well at this present Coronation, as at others, to per- form the said office and the services thereof, as he and his ances- tors have done before ; that is to say, That the said earl should have livery and lodgings in the King's court for ever ; and that the said earl, on the day of the said Coronation, in the morning of the same day, before the King rises, should enter into the said King's cham- ber, where the King lies, and bring to the said King his shirt, stockings, and breeches ; and that the said earl, and the Lord Chamberlain* for the time being, together, the same day, should dress the said King with all his cloaths, and take and have all the fees, profits and advantages to this office duly belonging and apper- taining, as he and his ancestors heretofore have used and taken on every Coronation-day, that is to say, forty yards -j- of crimson velvet for the said earl's robes, against the day of the said Coronation ; and when the King is dressed, and ready to go out of the said chamber, on tlie said day of the Coronation, that then the said earl ought to have and take the bed on which the King lay the night before the said Coronation, and all the furniture thereof, curtains, cushions, and linen hanging about in the chamber, on the afore- said day; and the King's night-gown, which he had on the night be- fore the said Coronation." " The said Earl of Lindsey also prays, that as liis said ancestors. Great Chamberlains of England, time out of mind, served the noble *Tlie Lord Great Chamberlain of the King's Household. •)- Quzery if not forty ells? c 2 progenitors 12 progenitors of our said lord the King with water, as well before dinner as after, on the day of their Coronation, and have had, as their right, the basons, towels, and a cup of assay with which the said prooenitors have been served on the said day of their Corona- tion, as appears in the records of the King's exchequer, that he may be received to do the said office likewise, as his ancestors have done before, and have the said fees belonging to it. " THE COUXTER-CLAIM OF THE EARL OF DERBY. " To the rio-ht honorable," &c. as before. " William Richard Georoe Stanley, now Earl of Derby, sets forth, that he is cousin and heir to Henry de Vere, lately Earl of Oxford, Great Chamberlain of England ; that is to say, son and heir of Charley Stanley, late Earl of Derby, who was son and heir of James Stanley, late Earl of Derby, who was son and heir of William Stanley, late Earl of Derby, and Elizabeth his wife, which Elizabeth was daughter of Edward de Yere, last Earl of Oxford, Great Chamberlain of England, and sister and heiress to the said Henry Earl of Oxford, w ho was son and heir of the said Edward Earl of Oxford; and which Henry was seised in fee of the Baid office of Great Chamberlain of England, and in possession thereof died so seised without issue of his body: wherefore, your petitioner, as he is cousin and heir as aforesaid, to the said Henry Earl of Oxford, ought to have to him and his heirs the said office of Great Chamb.rlain of England; and your said petitioner prays that your lordships would be pleased to admit him to the said office of Great Chamberlain of England, with all fees and privileges to it belonging and appertaining." THE 10> o THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF CLAIMS THEREUPON. *' Which petitions being maturely considered, and that the same Earl of Lind«ej was lately in possession and execution of the office aforesaid, and that Robei't, not long since Earl of Lindsey his grandfadier, Avas put in possession of the said office, by the most serene Prince Charles the First, of most happy memory, then King of England ; by advice of the lords in parliament; Avhich office Montague, late Earl of Lindsey, his father, whose heir he is, performed at the Coronation of Charles the Second, late King of England: Therefore it is considered by the commissioners aforesaid, that the claim of the aforesaid Earl of Lindsey to the office aforesaid, be allowed to the said Earl of Lindsey, to be per- formed on the aforesaid Coronation-day ; and that the claim of the aforesaid Earl of Derby be not allowed : but as to the fees and per quisites claimed by the aforesaid Earl of Lindsey, his claim to the cup of assay is not allowed, because it did not appear to the afore- said commissioners that the Great Chamberlain had the said cup at any preceding Coronation ; but as to the other aforesaid claims they are allowed to the same Earl of Lindsey." " And afterwards, and before the Coronation aforesaid, the said forty yards* of velvet were delivered to the same earl; and compo- sition was made for the aforesaid other fees with the aforesaid earl * Or forty ells. for u for „£200 sterling : and the aforesaid Earl of Lindsey executed the office of Great Chamberlain of England on the day of the Corona- tion *." The above-mentioned Robert, first Earl of Lindsey, was son of Pe- regrine Bertie Lord Willoughby, of Willoughby, Beke, and Eresby, by Mary his wife, daughter to JohndeVere, Earl of Oxford, and sister and heir, of the whole blood, to Edward de Vere, ihe seventeenth Earl of Oxford of that surname. And the said Robert, grandson of the first Robert Earl of Lindsey, was father of Robert, the first Duke of Ancaster, who was grandfather to Peregrine, the third Duke of Ancaster, who performed the office of Lord Great Chamberlain at the Coronation of their present Majesties, on the 22d September, 176L Tlie said Pereo-rine Duke of Ancaster died in August, 1778, and was succeeded in title and estate by his only son Robert Bertie, who died in July, 1779, unmarried, in the 23d year of his age, and was succeeded in his title of Duke of Ancaster, by his uncle. Lord Brownlow Bertie, the late duke. But the antient bai'ony of Willoughby of Eresby, which is a barony in fee, descended to hi,s heirs females, and as such is in abeyance, between his two sisters and co-heiresses Lady Elizabeth Priscilla, wife of Peter Lord Gwyder, and Lady Georgina Charlotte, wife of George James Earl of Cholmondely. A question having arisen who should execute the office of Lord Great Chamberlain, the same was refen'ed by the House of Lords * Sandfoid's Hist. Coron. Jac. 11. p. 134, 135. to 15 to the twelve judges, and in May, 1781, the following opinion was delivered by Sir John Skynner, Lord Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer : That the office of Lord Great Chamberlain of Eno-land belongs to both the sisters of the late Duke of Ancaster. That the husband of the eldest is not of rijjht entitled to execute the said office. That both the sisters may execute it by a deputy to be by them appointed, such deputy not to be of a degree inferior to a knight, and such deputy to be approved of by his Majesty. This office appears to have been formerly annexed to the manor of FINGRETH, IN ESSEX. For Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, held the manor of Fingreth, in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of being Chamberlain of the lord the King on the day of his Coronation*. * Kobertus de Vere, Comes Oxoniae, tenet die Coronationis siije. Placit. Coron. IS Ed. I. manerium de Fingreth, in coin. Essex, per Essex. Blount, 52. , serjeantiam essemli camerarius domini Kegis CASTLE u CASTLE CAMPS, COUNTY CAMBRIDGE. This manor, which had belonged lo Wull'win, one of the thanes of King Edward the Confessor, was given by WilUam the Con- qneror to Aubery de Vere, ancestor of the Earls of Oxford of that name, and was parcel of the barony by virtue of which they held the office of Lord Ilig-h Chamberlain of Eno-land*. LAVEHAM, COUNTY SUFFOLK, Hugh de Vere, Earl of Oxford, held the manor of Laveham in the county of Suffolk, which belonged to his barony, by being Chamberlain of our lord the King j-. He also held the manors of Kensenton in the county of Oxford :|;, and Hougham in the county of Essex, both of which appertained to his barony by the like service [I- EARLS COLNE, COUNTY ESSEX. Richard Harlakenden held Earls Colne in capite, by the grand scr jcanty of being Great Chamberlain of England §. * ilundicd Roll, Edward 1. Lvsons's Magna % Ilarleiau MS. Brit. !Mus. No. 2087, pa. Britannia, vol. ii. pa. 156. G. f Hugo de Vere, Comes Oxonia;. M. de || Ibid. pa. 14. Laveham, et pertinet ad baroniam ut sit Ca- § Richard Harlakenden, in cap. per magnam merariiis R. Esc. t- Henrici Regis filij Regis seijantiam essendi magnus Camarius Angl. Johannis. Harl. MS. iirit, Mus. No. 2087, Ibid. No. 519^, oa. 83. pa. 8. The V n TJie next Great Officer of the Croxcn is THE LORD HIGH-CONSTABLE OF ENGLAND, "\Vhose office, Sir Edward Coke thinks, subsisted, though under a different name, before the conquest*. He says that in the ancient laws, before the conquest, you shall read of Herefochijs or Here- togijs, which he explains by leaders or generals of the army, from ihe Saxon here, an army, and toecu or toga to lead-j^: and with this definition agrees Skinner in his Etymologicon. Sir Edward Coke further says, that Herefochius agrees with either of these great offices, the constable or marshal, and that they were elected by the common council, for the common good of the realm, by the provinces and nobles in full folkmote %- Tlie folkmote, therefore, seems to have been the parliament of our Saxon ancestors, notAvithstanding some opinions to the con- trary §; for amongst the laws of Edward the Confessor |1, it is said that " all the nobility of the kingdom, and all the knights and free men of all the kinodom of Britain ouffht in full folkmote to do fealty to the lord the King ^, &c." And the learned Sir Henry * 4 Inst. 1S7. § Glossary to Brady's Introd. sub. tit. Folk- i" Ibid. mote, pa. 47. \ Isti vero eligebantur per commune consi- |{ Cap. 35. lium pro communi utilitate regni per provin- U Omnes proceres regni, et milites, et liberi cias et patricios, in pleno folkmote. Hoveden homines universi, totius regni Biitanniae facere Annal. cap. 35. debent in pleno folcmote fidelitatem domino Regi, &c. Leg. Edw, Confess, cap. 35. D Spelman f8 Spelman says, tliat (lie folkmole was a sort of annual parliaments^ or convention ol' the bishops, thanes, aldermen, and freemen^ upon every May-day, yearly ; where the laymen were sworn to defend one another,, and with the King to preserve the laws of the kino-dom, and then consulted of the common safety. Mr. Somner, in his Saxon dictionary, also says, that it is a general assembly of the people for cojisidering and ordering matters of the commonwealth. Some time after the conquest, viz. about the year 1141, King Stephen conferred the dignities of Earl of Hereford and Lord Constable of England, on Miles de Gloucester, who held the office of constable for his life, and it afterwards descended to his^ four soiis, Roger, Walter, Henry and Mahcl,^ successively Earls of Hereford, who all died without issujc. In the year 1109, the first of King John, Henry de Bohun, grand- son of Marofaret daughter of Earl Miles, succeeded Mahel, as Earl of Hereford and Lord Constable, and he and his posterity enjoyed these honours till the year loli, when Humphrey de Bohun, the seventh earl of that house, died without issue male, leaving two dauo-hters Eleancrr and Mary, the former of whom married Thomas de AVoodstock, seventh and youngest son of the njagnanimous King Edward HI. and the younger married Henry Plantaganet, sur- uamed of Bolinbroke, afterwards King Henry IV. who was eldest son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, «&c. fourth son of the said Kins: Edward. Thoma-s IQ Tliomas de Woodstock, in the 50lli year of liis father's reiffii, sat m parhament by the title only of Constable of England, which office the King had granted him the same year, it having fallen into his hands by reason of the minority of the heirs of the said Humphrey Earl of Hereford. At the Coronation of his nephew. King Richard II. the said Thomas de Woodstock officiated as Lord Constable of England, as appears by the following record, viz. As to the office of Constable of England, Thomas de Woodstock, uncle of our lord the King, who married the daughter and heiress of Humphrey de Bohun, late Earl of Hereford, and Constable of England, proved as well U) our lord the King as to the aforesaid steward, that that office of right belonored to the said Earl Humphrey and his heirs, and that the heir of the said late earl was underage, and in custody of our lord the King; and that the said lord ihe King had committed that office to the said Thomas, to perform during the minority of the heir aforesaid; and prayed that he might be admitted to j>erforHi that offi<'e, for the i*eason aforesaid ; whereupon the premises being duly considered, the said Thomas w as admitted to exercise the said office, at the pleasure of the said lord the King : and so he afterwards performed that office in all things * King * Quoad officium Constabiil. Angl. Thorn. demonstrabat tam domino T»egi quani prasfato de Woodstock avunculus domini Regis, qui Senescliall. quod officium illud ad dictum 111 et haered. Humfr. de Boliun nuper Com. Ilunifr. Com. et lifered. suos de jure pertinet HerefFord. et Constabul. Angl. duxit in Ux. et quod haeres ipsius nuper Comitis infra D 2 a;taten( 20 King Richard II. upon the said day of his Coronation, created this Thomas de Woodstock, his uncle, Earl of Buckingham, and soon after confirmed him in the office of Constable: and in the ninth year of his reign, advanced him to the dignity of Duke of Gloucester. But in the twenty-first year of his reign, having^ conceived a great dislike against him, the poor duke was sur- prised by Thomas Mowbray, then, or soon after, Duke of Nor- folk, and Earl Marshal of England, at Pleshy, in Essex, and by him conveyed over to Calais, where he was inhumanly murdered, by being strangled, by the command, as it was said, of his ne- phew. King Richard, in 1397. Thomas de Woodstock left issue a son and a daughter. His son Humphrey, then a minor, was soon after his father's death, along with Henry, son and heir of Henry de Bolinbroke, before- mentioned, sent into Ireland by King Richard, and there impri- soned ; but as soon as Henry IV, had attained the Crown, he sent for them immediately from their imprisonment, designing for this Humphrey all his father's honours, but he unfortunately died of the plague, at Chester, on his return. Ann, the dauohter of Thomas de Woodstock, was first married to Thomas Earl of Stafford, who dying without issue, in the six- teenth year of King Richard H. she married secondly, Edmund atatem et in custodia diomini Regis fuit, consideratione ralionabiliter ad praemissa;. quodq domiuus Rex offic. illud eidem ThomaE! idem Thomas ad officium praed. faciend. ad- comisit faciend. durante minore aetata h»red. niiltitur de voluntate dicti domini Regis nunc, praed. et petit se admitti ad officium praed. et sic officium illud postmodum in omnibus faciend. ex causa supradicta, per quod habita adimplevit. Cromp. Juiisdict. 87, b. Stafford 21 Stafford, Earl of Stafford, brother and heir of her first husband, by whom she had issue, Humphrey Stafford, created Duke of Buckingham by King Henry VI. ancestor of the late Earls of Stafford. At the Coronation of King Henry 1\. Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who was made Lord High Constable of England by the King's grant, claimed that office, and obtained it to enjoy during pleasure*. King Henry IV. in the fourth year of his reign, granted this office to John of Lancaster, his third son (whom his brother. King Henry V. afterwards created Duke of Bedford,) and con- firmed the same to him in the eleventh year of his reign. In the first year of King Henry VI. this office was granted to Humphrey, the good Duke of Gloucester, the King's uncle, and protector of the realm, during the King's minority, to hold dur- ing pleasure. The same year the oflSee was granted for life, to John Duke of Bedford, elder brother to Duke Humphrey and Regent of France. In the eighth year of the same King's reign it was granted to Richard Plantag-enet Duke of York, during the absence of John Duke of Bedford. In the twenty-fifth year of King Henry VI. it wa^ granted to John Viscount de Beaumont ; and in the twenty-eighth year of King Henry VI. to Henry Earl of Northumberland during pleasure; and again, in the twenty-ninth ©f the same King's reign to Edmund Duke of Somerset during pleasure. * Cromp. 84, b. King 22 King Kdvvard lY. in tlie first year of his reign, granted the office of Lord High Constable to John Tlptoft Earl of Worcester;: and in the seventh year of his reiora to Richard Widville Earl Rivers, father to his Queen Elizabeth. The year following he ffranted the same to his brother George Duke of Clarence ; and the followino; year to his otlter brother Richard Duke of Glou- cester, who was afterwards King Richard III. In the tenth year of his reio-n he orranted the same office again to John Tiptoft too cj A Earl of Worcester, for life ; and in his sixteenth year to his son Richard Duke of York, who was afterwards murdered by his nncle Kino- Richai'd. it was also granted, during tliis reign, to Henry Stafford Duke of Buckingham, in fee ; but he being beheaded at Salisbury, in the first year of King Richard III. the King, on the lOlh of De- cember, in the same year, made Thomas Lord >Stanley, Constable of England for life, with the fee of <£100 per annum, payable out of his revenues in the county of Lancaster, and gave him power to make a deputy. The office; af Lord High Constable was afterwards given in fee to Edward Duke of Buckingham, son of Henry Stafford Duke of Buckingham, (who was beheaded at Salisbury) ; and he also being beheaded on Tower Hill, the thir- teenth of Henry YHI. auno 1-521, the office -has never been granted but only hac vice. The followinjr determination concerning this office was made in Michaelmas Term, sixth Henry YHL viz. llumphrey de Bohun, late Earl of Hereford and Essex, held the manors 25 manors of Ilarlelield, Newnluini, and WhytiMiliurst, in the comity of Gloucester, of the King, by the serjeanty of being Constable of England, and had issue two daughters, and died seized : they en- tered, and took two husbands, (Thonuis de Woodstock and Henry de Bolinbroke) and tlie husband of the younjrest was afterwards made King, and partition Avas made ; and the King and his wife chose the manor of VThytenhurst for their parr, and the two other manors were allotted to the other husband and wife ; whei-eupon these questions arose: first,^,if the reservation of tlie tenure, at the beginning, by the King, was good? and, by the opinion of all the judges of England, it was good enough. Second, how the daugli- ters, before marriage, could exercise the office ? and to that it was clearly resolved that they might make their sufRcient deputy to do it for them : and, after marriage, that the husband of the elder, alone, might do it. The third, and most difficult was — if, by the union of parcel of the tenancy, in the King, the office was determined, or had its being and continuance in the other coparcener? And it was re- solved, also, clearly, by the judges aforesaid, that it had its con- tinuance in the other coparcener ; for, otherwise, he would have the two manors w ithout doing any service for them ; and they are com- pellable, at the pleasure of the King, to exercise the office : and the Kine soit homage auncestrel) et le tenur. supra fuit tenus grand serjeantie. Et si le pere tient de un de ses ii files et devie seisie, ils enter et font particion, le service est revive en tout, sil soit entier come homage, &c, Et ceux resolutions fueront per les chiefe jus- tices report al Roy mesnie al Greenewicli, mes pur ceo que I'office supra ftiit very haidt et daungerous, et auxy very chargeable al Roy en fees, le Roy voile disclaimer d'aver le service execute. Et ceo fuit le case et claime de E. le Darreine Duke de Buckingham, fait anno 6 Hen. VHI. Termino Michaelis. Dyer's Reports, 285, b. To 25 To liiin it belonos, at the Coronation, to walk in procession on the rioht hand of the person who bears the sword of state, in his robes, with his coronet and staff of office in liis hands. The Dnke of Bedford exercised this office at the Coronation of their present Majesties. CALDFXOTE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Ilnniphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex, held of the King, in capite, the entire Manor of Caldecote, by the service of being; Lord Hio-h Constable of Enoland *. THE EARL iMARSHAL OF ENGLAND, Is the eighth great officer of the crown : he is an earl, as some say, by his office ; whereby he takes cognizance, as the Lord Con- stable does, of all matters of war and arms, determines contracts touching deeds of arms, ont of the realm, upon land, and matters concerning wars within the realm, which cannot be determined by the common law ; and in these matters he is chiefly guided by the civil law. He had antiently several coniis under him, but has now only the Marshalsea, where he may sit in judgment against criminals offend- ino; within the verg-e of the King's Court. * Humfredus de Bohun, Comes Hereford. primo Ed. I. llarl. MS. Brit. Mus. No, et Essex, de R. in c. M. de Caldecote integre, '20S7, pa. Q4. per ser. Coustabulariat' Anglias. Esc. de anno E This This office is of great antiquity in England, and antiently was of greater power than now. It has been for many years hereditary in the title of Norfolk, The tirst Lord Marshal, of Avhom I find mention, was Gilbert de Clare, who was created Earl of Pembroke by King Stephen in the year 1139. lie was succeeded by Richard de Clare, snrnamed Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, and Lord Marshal, who died anno 117(3. To him succeeded John, snrnamed Marshall from this office, which Avas conferred upon him by King Henry II. upon the death of Richard Strongbow, and he by William Marshall, his grandson, who having married Isabel, dauffhter and heir of Richard Strong- bow, was, by King John, created Earl of Pembroke, in the year 1201. In his family the office of Lord Marshal continued, till the death of his five sons, William, who was Lord Chief Justice of England, Richard, Gilbert, Walter and Anselm, all successively Earls of Pembroke, the last of whom died in the year 1245. When Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, in right of his mother, 31aud, one of the sisters and heirs of the five last Lord Marshals, succeeded, and after him, Roger Bigod, his son, Earl of Norfolk; whose estate being confiscated to the crown, the office, upon his death in 1305, came into the Imndsof King Edward II. who, in the year 1307, granted it, durante bene placito, to Robert de Clifford, and, the year following, to Nicholas de Seo^ave, Lord Segrave. The same King EdAvard II. in tlie ninth year of his reign, made his 27 his half brother, Tlioinas de Brolhertoii (whom ho had before- created Earl of Norfolk) Marshal of Entiland, by j)atent, to hiiii and his heirs male lawfully begotten, and his descendant, the pre- sent Duke of Norfolk, now enjoys that office. But it has, several times, since the death of Thomas de Brotherton, been in other families. Marofaret, dauorhter and heir of Thomas de Brotherton, was ei'eated Duchess of Norfolk for life, and was often honoured with the title of Lady Marshal ; but whether by right, or of courtesy, does not plainly appear ; for, in her life-time, the office w as exer- cised by AVilliam de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, Thomas Beau- champ the elder, Earl of Warwick, and Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, successively. They might so exercise it as deputies to her. For at the Coronation of King Richard II. her clahn seems, by the following record, to have been left undecided. Also, as to the office of Marshal of England, Margaret Countess of Norfolk, exhibited her petition before the aforesaid Steward, in these words — " To the most honourable lord, the King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Lancaster, and Steward of Enjrland. Maro^aret, dauohter and heir of Thomas de Brotherton, late Earl of Norfolk and Marshal of England, prays that you will accept her to do the office of Marshal at the Coronation of our Lord the Kino:, as her riffht of inheritance, after the death of the said Thomas her father ; doing the office by her deputy, as Gilbert Marshall, Earl of Strygel did at the Coronation of Henry IL to wit, to appease the debates in the King's house on the day of his Coronation, and to dispose of the places in the bed-chambers, and to guard the door of the E 2 Kind's 28 King's chamber; baving from every baron and earl, made knight on that daj, one palfrey with a saddle." Whereupon, Ihe said petition being heard, it was alledged for the King there, ihaJ ihe offiee remained in the person of the Ring, to be assigned unto, and conferred upon whomsoever the King should please ; and upon this hearing, there were many reasons and alle- orations iirned concernino: this niattei', as well for the lord the King, as for tlio aforesaid countess. But because it appeared to the court that the final discussion of the business aforesaid could not be made, on account of the shortness of the time before the Coronation aforesaid, Henry de Percy, with consent, and by the command of the same King, was assigned to perform the said office, and to take the fees due and accustomed ; saving the rioht of every one. And so the same Henry took that office *. * Item rjiioad officiiim Marresc. Anglije, Margaretta Comitissu Norf. petitioiiem simui coram prasfato Seiiesc. in lute verba txliibuit. — Ai tres honorable seignior le Roy de Cas- tile et Leon, l^iike de Lane, ct Seneschall d'Engl. supplie voiis Margaret fiJe et heiie Thorn, de Brotherton nadgaires Connie de ISorf. et Marshall d'Eng. destre accept al of- fice de Marshalsey ore al coronmcnt nostre seignior le Roy come a son droit d'heritage apres le mort le dit Thoni. son peerc, fesant I'office per son deputie, come Gilbert Mar- shall, Countie de Strygel list al coronment Henry le Second, ss de Payser le Bis in la Mcason le Roy al jonr de son coronment et /aire Icwes de Herbngages, et de garder les Iluis de Chanib. le Hoy per ayant de chesciiii baron et countie suis chivaler a eel jour iin palfreye ove un sell. Super quo, audita petitions praedlcta, dictum fuit pro domino Rege ibidem, quod oflicium illud in persona doiniiii Regis remansit, ad as- signaiidura et conferend. cuicunq. ipsi Regi placeret. Et super hoc audit tam pro domino Rege quam pro pra;fata comitissa pluribus ra- tionibus et allegat. in hac parte, pro eo quod videbafur Cur.' quod linalis discussio negotii pra^dicli propter temporis brevitatem ante Co- I'onationcni predict, fieri non potuit, llenricus de Percy ex assensu et per prteceptum ipsius Regis assign, fuit ad ofHciimi pra^dictum fa- ciend. €t percipiend. feoda debita et con- sueta. Salvo jure cujuslibet. Et sic idem Henricus ofticium illud percepit. Cronip. Jurisdict. 87, b. Thomas 2f) Tliomas Lord Mowbray, Earl of Nottinoliam, second and only surviving son of John Lord Mowbray of Axliohnc, by Elizabeth {lis wife, daughter and sole heir of the Lady Margaret Duchess of Norfolk, and heir of Thomas de Brotherton, as above mentioned, had, by patent from King Richard II., in the eighth year of his reign, the title and office of Earl Marshal of England, being the first who had the title of Earl Marshal, for before that lime they were only Marshals. This Thomas was, by the same King, after- wards, created Duke of Norfolk; but beincr, alono- with Henry, Duke of Hereford, (afterwards King Henry IV.) banished the reahn, he went to Venice, and there died, anno 1400. Upon the banishment of Thomas Duke of Norfolk, King Richard created Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent and Duke of Surrey, Earl Marshal; but Thomas Lord Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham, upon his father's death or banishment, assumed the title of Earl Marshal, diough the office was executed by John Montacute, Earl of Sa- lisbury. King Henry IV., in the beginning of bis reign, made Ral[)h Neville Earl of Westnioiland, Lord Marshal of Eniiland, for the term of his life. King Henry V., in the beginning of his reign, restored to John Lord Mowbray, brother of I'homas, called Earl 3Iarshal, and younger son of the banished Duke of Norfolk, the titles of Earl of Nottingham auH Earl Marshal ; and in the third year of Kino* Henry VI. he was also restored to the title of Duke of Norfolk, his father having died without attainder. This 80 This John was succeeded in all his titles by his son John, and he by his son John, the fourth and last Duke of Norfolk, of the surname of Mowbray, who died without issue male, leaving an only dauo-hter, Ann, married to Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, second son of King Edward IV. when he was only four years of age ; he was, by his father, King Edward, created Duke of Nor- folk and Earl Marshal, but, soon after his father's death, was cruelly murdered by his uncle, Richard 111., and the Lady Ann dying without issue, that branch of the Mowbray's family became extinct, and the inheritance was divided between John Lord Howard, husband of Margaret, eldest daughter of Thomas Mowbray, the first Duke of Norfolk, and William Lord Berkley, eldest son of James Lord Berkley, second husband of Isabel, the second daughter of the said Duke; and King Richard 111., on the 28lh of June, 1483, in the first year of his reign, when his said nephew was certainly alive, conferred on this John Lord Howard, the office of Marshal of England in tail male, and empowered him, either in the presence or absence of the King, to bear a golden staff, tipped at each end with black, the upper ])art thereof to be adorned with the royal arms, and the lower end thereof with those of his own family; and, for the better support of the dignity of his office, he got a grant to himself and his heirs aforesaid for ever of ^20 annually, payable half-yearly out of the fee-farm rent of the town of Ipswich, in Suffolk; and on the same day was advanced to the dignity of Duke of Norfolk; and Thomas, his son and heir, was created Earl of Surrey. lie was also, on the 30th of that month, constituted High Steward of England for the ceremony of King Richard's Coronation, and attended there on the 6th of July following, with his son Thomas Earl 31 Earl of SuiTey. who bore the sword of state, the Duke himself carrying the King's crown, and walking next before him. He continued in great favour with Richard during his shorl reign, and was slain with him in the battle of Bosworth Field, on the 22d of August, 1485, being in the front of the army Kin^ Ilenrv YIL, on his attaining the crown, created William, Lord Berkley, Earl of Nottingham, son of the Lady Isabel Mow-, bray, the younger daughter of Thomas Mowbray, the first Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal of England; and he dying without issue, in 1492, the King created his second son Henry, afterwards King Henry VIII., Earl Marshal of England. After King Henry VIII. came to the throne, he, in the second year of his reign, created the said Thomas Earl of Surrey, son of John Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal, and afterwards Duke of Norfolk ; who continued those honours till his death, on the 21st of May, 1524, when he was succeeded by his eldest son Thomas, who had been created Earl of Surrey In his life-time. He continued in the possession of his dignities and honours, till the 12th of December, 1546, when he and his son were suddenly appre- hended and committed prisoners to the Tower, and both attainted, by special bills in parliament, soon after. On the 28th of January following, the Lieutenant of the Tower received a warrant for beheading the Duke, but the King dying that day, the executors of his will did not choose, at that critical juncture, 32 juncture, to })ut the warrant into execution; yet his enemies were so o-reat, tliat, in the beginning of the reign of King Edward VI., when pardon was given, by proclamation, to all persons, for all crimes whatsoever, six only excepted, he was the chief of those six, and remained prisoner in the Tower during all that reign, and till Queen Mary made her triumphant entry into London, on the ;}d of August, 1553; when, without any pardon or restitution, he was allowed to be Duke of Norfolk, and had all his lands restored ; and, durino- the reiffn of Edvvanl Vf., the office of Earl Marshal was executed by Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, uncle to the king, and Lord Protector. On the death of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, which hap- i)ened (he 25th of Au2:ust, 1554, he was succeeded bv his o-randson Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, and Earl xMarshal, who was the eldest son of Henry Earl of Surrey, beheaded the 19th of January, 154G, for hio-h treason, in the life-time of his father. He continued to enjoy his grandfather's titles and honours tillJanuary, 1571, when he was tried by his peers for, and convicted of, high treason, and was beheaded on Tower-hill, the 2d of June, 1572. On his attainder. Queen Elizabeth made George Talbot, Earl of ShrcM'sbury, Earl Marshal ; and, after his death, her favourite, Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, who was also beheaded the 25tli of February, 1600. At the Coronation of King James L, in 1003, Edward Somerset, Earl of Worcester, executed the office of Earl Marshal; after which it was generally executed by commission, till the year 1621, when King S3 King James I. constituted Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, grandson of Thomas the last Duke of Norfolk, hy his son Philip Earl of Arundel, Earl 3Iarshal of England for life, with a pension of 0C2OOO a year, he having before been appointed one of the com- missioners for executing that office ; and continued in the office till his death, on the 4th of October, 1G4G. He was succeeded by his second and eldest surviving son Henry Frederick, Earl of Arundel, &c. who enjoyed the title of Earl Marshal till his death, on the 7th of iVpril, 1652, when he was succeeded in the titles of Earl of Arundel, &c. by Thomas, his eldest son and heir, who was restored by parliament to the title of Duke of Norfolk, on the 8th of 31ay, 1C64. He dying unmarried, at Padua, in Italy, on the 1st of December, 1667, was succeeded by his brother Henry Howard, who, on the 19th of October, 1672, was, by King Charles H., created Earl of Norwich, to him and the heirs male of his body ; and also, by the same patent, had granted to him the office and dignity of Earl Marshal of England, to him and the heirs male of his body, with divers remainders over. He died the 11th of January, 1683, and was succeeded by his eldest son Henry, the seventh Duke of Norfolk, Avho dying without issue, the 2d of April, 1701, was succeeded by Thomas Howard, eldest son of Thomas Lord Howard, younger brother of the last Henry Duke of Norfolk ; who also dying without issue, the 23d of De- cember, 1732, was succeeded by his brother Edward, late Duke of Norfolk ; and he also dying without issue, on the 20th of Sep- tember, 1777, at the great age of ninety-two, was succeeded by the present Duke Charles Howard, second son and heir of Charles F Howard, 34 Koward, of Grey slock, Esq. who was eldest son and heir of Charles Howard, fourth son of Frederick Earl of Arundel, who died in IGo'I, as above mentioned*. Sir Edward Coke says-j-, that the office of Marshal ever passed hy the grants of the King, and never belonged to any subject by reason of tenure, as the stewardship and constableship of England sometime did : and yet I read that the manor of HAMSTEAD-MARSHAL, Jn the county of Berks, was held of old by grand serjeanty, of the Kin OS of England, conditioned that the grantees should, for ever, be Knights Marshal, according as the offices of Steward, Constable, and Lord High Chamberlain, in those times were granted ]:. The office of Knight Marshal appears to have been substituted in the room of the Lord or Earl Marshal, for, antiently, they that had this office, were only marshals of the King's house, according as the same is now discharged by the Knights Marshal ; but in succeeding^ times it grew to be a place of great power and honour, as it still con- tinues §. The business of the Earl Marshal, at the Coronation, has been in a preat measure shewn before, so that there Avill be no ne- cessity of enlarging upon it here, further than to observe, That, previous to the Coronation of King James IL the Earl Mar- * CoUins's Peerage, passim. % Heylin's Help to Eng. Hist. sub. tit. i tiist. 1£8. Marshall. § Ibid. shal S5 shal of England claimed to appease the debates that niioht arise in the King's house on that day, to keep the doors of the same, and of the Abbey, Sic. and to dispose of the places to the nobles, &c. with all fees belonging thereto : which was disalloMcd, as unprecedented, and several of the particulars were counter- claimed by the Lord Great Chamberlain. But such determination was made with a salvo jure to the said Earl Marshal*. At the Coronation of their present Majesties, the office was executed by the late Earl of Effingham, as deputy for Edward, iate Duke of Norfolk, who, being a person professing the Roman Catholic religion, was disqualified by law from executing it in |ierson. And the Earl of Effingham dying in November, 1763, his grace then appointed Henry, the late Earl of Suffolk and Berk- shire, to be his deputy. Upon the death of the late duke, liis successor appointed the present Earl of Effingham, son to the late earl, to be deputy Earl Marshal of England. BARONS OF THE CINQLE-PORIS. At the Coronation of King Henry IV. the barons o{ the five ports claymed, and it was granted them, to boar a canapye of <*loth of oroide over the Kinff, with foure staves and foure belles, at the foure corners, every staffe having foure of those barons to beaie it. And to dyne and sitt at the table, next to the King, on his right jtiande, in the hall, the day of his Coronation : and for their fees to * Gent. Mag. vol. XXXI. p. 324. < F 2 have have the saide canapye of golde, with tlie belles and staves ; not- withstanding the abbot of Westminster claynied the same*. And at the Coronation of King James II. the barons o f the Cinque-ports claimed to carry the canopy over the King, and to have the same, with the staves and bells, for their fees, and to dine in the hall at the King's right hand ; which claim was allowed -j-. BISHOPS OF DURHAM AND BATH AND WELLS. At the same Coronation of King James II. the Bishops of Durham and Bath and Wells, claimed to support the King in the procession : which claim was allowed, the King having graciously consented thereto, and the Bishops of London and Winchester being appointed to support the Queen:]:. DEAN AND CHAPTER OF WESTMINSTER. At the Coronation of King James II. the Dean and Chapter of Westminster claimed to instruct the King: in the rites and cere- monies used at the Coronation ; to assist the Archbishop in divine service ; to have the custody of the Coronation robes; to have robes for the dean and his three chaplains, and for sixteen ministers of the said church ; the royal habits put off in the church, the several oblations, furniture of the church, canopy, staves and bells, and the cloth on which their Majesties walk from the west door of the church to the theatre, &c. W hich claim was allowed. Cromp, 86. f Sandf. Hist. Coron. J Ibid. except 37 except custody of the regalia, and tbe fees referred to the Kino's pleasure *. THE MASTER OF THE KING S GREAT WARDROBE. At the Coronation of Kino; James H. the Master of the Kino-'s great wardrobe claimed to receive from his deputy a pall of cloth of gold, and to carry it to the altar, for the King- to offer, and that his deputy should attend near Garter King at Arms, in a robe of scarlet cloth, with a gold crown embroidered on the left sleeve. Which claim was disallowed, but the claimant left to take his course at law, if he thought fit-f-. THE CLERK OF THE GREAT WARDROBE. At the Coronation of Kino; James H. the Clerk of the oreat wardrobe claimed to bring a rich pall of cloth of gold, to be held over the King's head whilst he is anointed ; as also the armilla, or cloth of tissue, and to attend near Garter King at Arms, in a robe of scarlet cloth, with a crown embroidered on the left sleeve. Which claim was also disallowed, but the claimant left to take his course at law, if he thoujiht fit i. » THE PREMIER EARL OF ENGLAND. At the same Coronation, the Duke of Norfolk, as Premier Eari of England, claimed to redeem the sword offered bv the Kino: at * Sandf, Hist. Coron, •)- Ibid. J ILid. the r. 4 n ? Q 4 38 the altar, and to carry it before His Majesty in his return to his palace, and reservation of other rights and dignities, with fees, &c. But his claim was not allowed, not being made out, and the same beinjr disallowed at the last Coronation *. THE CHURCH-WARDENS OF ST. MARGARET'S, WESTMINSTER, At the same Coronation, claimed to have the cloth lying in their parish, whereon the King goes in procession, for the use of the poor. But their claim was not admitted -j-. THE MCAR AND CHURCH-WARDENS OF ST. MAR- TIN S IN THE FIELDS, Also claimed a share of the said cloth for their poor. But their claim V. as not admitted J. THE MASTER OF THE HORSE TO THE KINO, At the same Coronation, claimed to attend the Coronation, as Serjeant of the Silver Scullery, and to have all the silver dishes and plates served on that day to the King's table, Avith the fees thereto belongino-, and to take assay of the King's meat at the kitchen dresser bar. This was not allowed, because not claimed thentofore ; the Master of the Horse, however left to make his ap- plication to the King, who was pleased to allow the said service * Sandf. Hist. Coron. f Ibid. % Ibid. and 39 and fees as the Duke of Albemarle enjoyed them on the Corona- tion of King Charles II. by virtue of the same post*. SECT. III. Of Grand Setjcanties performed at the Coronation of tho Kings and Queens of England, by Persons in respect of Manors, Lands, or Tenements. NEDDING AND KETTILBERSTON, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. William de la Pole, Marquis of Suffolk, had a grant from King Henry VI. of the manors of Nedding and Kettilberston, in the county of Suffolk : to hold by the service of carrying a golden sceptre, with a dove on the head of it, upon the Coronation-day of the King, his heirs and successors. As also a sceptre of ivory, with a golden dove on the head of it, upon the day of the Coro- nation of the Queens of England -f-. MAN, THE ISLE OF Magnus III. King of Norway and Man, the last King of that island of the Danish or Norwegian race, dying without issue, about * Sandf. Hist. Coron. t Carta £4 Hen. VI. n. 20. Blount, page 20, the 40 the year 1266, Alexander III. King of Scotland, partly by arms, and partly by money, brought this, and the rest of the Western Islands, under his obedience : after which, it was sometimes dependant on the crown of Scotland, and sometimes on England, as their for- tunes varied ; till, in the end, about the year 1340, William de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, descended from the Norwegian Kiuo-s of Man, won it from the Scots, and sold it to William Lord Scrope, Earl of Wiltshire, and Lord Treasurer to King Richard II. who, being attainted of high treason by King Henry IV. in the first year of his reign, and beheaded, the kingdom and island, by his attainder, came to the crown, and was the same year granted by Kino- Henry to Henry de Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Lord Constable of England, in fee; by the service of bearing on the days of the Coronation of the King and his heirs, at the left shoulder of him and his heirs, by himself, or his sufficient and ho- nourable deputy, that naked sword, with which he was girded, when he arrived in the part (port) of Holderncss, called Lancaster Sword, during the procession, and for all the time of the solemni- zation of the Coronation aforesaid *. In the fifth year of the reign of King Henry IV. the said Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, was attainted of treason ; and, by act of parliament, 1st March, seventh Henry IV. it was enacted that the Kino- should have the forfeiture of all his lands and tene- ments, which came to him by descent or purchase f. * Per servicium portaiidi diebus Corona- gladium nudum quo cincti crainus quando in lionis nostrse et bfErerium nosUoruai, ad siiii- parte (portu) ;s, lOarl of Pembroke *. At the Coronation of Kinp; James II. Anlliony (h> (irey, l*]arl of Kent, claimed lo carry the o-reat spurs before die Kinj:;; but not being made out, his claim Avas not alloAved. The same was counter-chiimed bv the Lord de Grev of Ruth>n, tmd allowed. The same was also e^^unlei'-claimed by the J)id\e of Norfolk, as Earl of Surrey, but disallowed for want of evidence, and because it was not admitted at the preceding Coronation j-, AVOLVERMERSTON alias WULFEL:\rELSTOX, FTX- GS^ET ALIAS FIXGREY, AM) GIGXES alias GING- REGIN E, COrxn OF ESSEX, on CAMBRIDGE. John de Sandford held Wolvermerston by service in the Queen's -chamber, and Fingret, and Gignes, and Ilounu'di^ and Jlucham- stede %. * Cromp. 85, b. stone, per serjantiam in camera Regiiw, ct -j- Saiidf. Hist. Coron. Fingret, «t Gignes, vt lloumeclc, €t Uucham- t Johannes de Samifoid tewt Wolveiincr- stede. Lib. Kub. ^cac. 137. G 2 I" 44 III (lie time of King Edward I. Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, lield the nuuior of Fingreth, in the county of Essex, by serjeanty of being Chamberlain of our lord the King, on the day of his Coronation; and the same Robert, and Matilda liis wife, held the manor of Ging-Reginaj by the serjeanty of keeping the chamber of our lady the Queen on the day of the Coronation aforesaid*. And by inquisition taken the sixth of Edward II. it was found that (he Earls of Oxford, by the heir of Sandford, antiently held the manors of Fingrcy and Wulfclmelston, in the county of Cam- bridge j-, by the serjeanty of Chamberlainship to the Queens of England, at the King's Coronation ::j;. And at the Coronation of King James II. the lord of the manor of Fvnorith in Essex, claimed to be Chamberlain to the Queen for the day, and to have the Queen's bed, and furniture, the basons, &c. belonging to the office; and to have a clerk in the exchequer, to demand and receive the Queen's gold, &c. Which claim was disallowed, because not made out ; but the claimant was left to pro- secute it at law, if he thought fitl[. As the court of claims never sat after the arrival and marriajje of her present Majesty, Queen Charlotte, in England, till after the Coronation, it is presumed that no person could claim to do this service at her Coronation. * Robertas de Vere, Comes Oxonire, tenet domiiiae Regius, die Coronationis praedictae. manerium de Fingretb, in com. Essex, per PJa. Coron. 13 Edw. I. Essex. Blount^ 53. serjantiam essendi tamerarius doiniiii Regis, t Forsan, Essex, die Coronationis sii;t ; et idem' Robertas, et | Blount, C'J. Matilda uxor ejus, tenent manerium de Ging- [| Sandf. Hist. Coron. Rogiiiae, per serjantiam cuslodiendi caineram FERNHAM 45 FERNIIAM, ALIAS FARMIAAf-ROYAL, COUMT OF BUCKS. The Barons Fiiniival hold Fonihani, in the county of Bucks, (now called Farnham-Royal) by service of finding their sovereign lord the King, upon the day of his Coronation, a glove for his right hand, and to support his right arm, the same day, whilst he held the regal verge, or scepter in his hands*. At the Coronation of King Henry IV., Sir Thomas Neville, Lord Furnival, by reason of his manor of Ferneham, with the hamlet of Cere, which he helde by the curtesie of England, after the decease of his wife, the Lady Joane, gave to the King a glove for his right hand, and sustained the King's right arme, so long as he bare the seeptre-f-. From the Furnivals, this manor, by the dauohter of the said Sir Thomas Neville, descended to the Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury, who, though they exchanged it with King Henry VHl., yet they re- served this honourable service to them and their heirs for evert. But the service seems now not to be annexed to this manor, but to the manor of WORKSOP, COX NTY OF NOTTINGHAM, For Kino; Henry VIH., in the thirty-third year of his reign, * Esc. 10 Edw. II. n. 17. Oiig. de 39 t Cromp. 85. Edw. III. Rot. a. Blount, 22. X Blount, granted 10 granicd to (jieorge Talhof, Earl of Shrewsbury, the scite and prc- cincl of the monastery of AVorksop, ^ilh its appurtenances, in the county of Nottinoham; to be held of the King- in eapite, by the service of the tenth part of a knioht's fee ; and by the royal service of findinir the Kino- a ri«>ht hand o'ove at his Coronation, and to support his right arm, that day, as long as he should hold the scc[)ter ill his hand; and paying yearly jC'2'i Os. O^d'". At the Coronation of Kino- James II. this service >vas claimed and allowed j\ And at the Coronation of his present Majesty, the same service was performed by the most honourable Charles ^Marquis of Rockingham, a.s deputy to the Duke of Norfolk, lord of the manor of Worksop :[.. THE BARONY OF BEDFORD. John Lord Latimer, allhounh he Avas under ajxe at the Corona- fion of Kino- Henry IV. for himself, and the Duke of Norfolk, not- •withstanding that his possessions >vere in (he Kings hands, l)y his attorney. Sir Thomas Grey Knight, claimed and had the oflicc of Almoner, for the day : by reason of certain lands, which sometime bdonired to the Lord AVilliam Beauchamne of Bedford. They had a toAvel of fiiie linen cloth prej»arcd, to put in the silver that was appointed lo be given in iilms : and likewise they had the distri- bution of the cloth tliat covered the pavement and tloors, from the Kino-'s chamber doors, to the phu-e in the church of ^^ cstminster * Pat. 33 Hen. Ytll. par. 4. Blount, 94, J Ciazcllc, >Jo. 10,I4'2. + Saiiclf. Hist. Colon. wlicre 4P- where the pulpit stood. The residue, that was spread iu the chureli, the sexton had*. At the Coroualiou of Ring James II., the I'arl of Kveter, 8ir George Bhuidell, audThonias Snaggs, ns heing seised <»!' social parts of the barony of Bedford, res[)eetively elaiuietl to execute tlu' office of Ahnoner; and, as the fees of that office, to Lave the silver alms bason, and the distribution of all the silver therein, and of the cloth, spread for tlieir Majesties to walk on, as also the fine linen towel, a ton of wine, S.c. On reference to the King, to ap- point which of them he pleased, the Earl was ap[>ointed, pro hac vice, with a salvo jure to the other two: but the silver dish, and the cloth, from the throne in AVi'stminster-hall, to the west door of the Abbey Church, were only allowed j. IIEYDON, COl NTY OF ESSEX. Peter Picot held the half of Ileydenc, by the scrjeauty of scrung with a towel at the Coronation of the King: and Peter, tlic son of Peter Picot, held the oUier moiety, by the serjeanty of serving with the basons :p. In the thirteenth year of King Eduard I., John Picot held a certain tenement iu the town of llevdon, in the county of Essex, * Cromp. 86. ronationem Regis. Petrus filiiis Petri Picot t Sandf. Hist. Coroii. tenet aliani lueilictateni, per serjanliam ser- J Petrus Picot tenet liimid. lleydeiie, per viendi de bacinis. Lib. Rub. Scac. 1^7. scijantiam serviciidi, cum una toalia, ad Co« 48 by the serjeanty of holding the towel before mir lofd the Kin^ on the day of his Coronation. And Peter Picot held a certain tenement in the same town, by the serjeanty of holding the basons of watei* -at the Coronation aforesaid *, At the Coronation of Ring Richard 11. John Wiltshire, citizen of London, exhibited into the court of the Lord High Steward of England, a petition, to tlic following effect, \iz. " To the most honourable lord the King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Lancaster, and Steward of England. Your petitioner, John Wiltshire, shews, that whereas the said John holds certain tenements in Ileydon, held of our lord the King, by the service of holdinjr a towel when our lord the King- shall wash his hands, before dinner, on the day of his Coronation ; and that the moiety of the said manoi* lately was in the seisin of J. Picot, who held the same of the Lord Edward, late King of England, gi'eat grandfather to our lord the King that ivow is, by the same services, as appears by the record of the exchequer of our said lord the King, and prays that he may be accepted to do the said office of serjeanty, in the form aforesaicL " And, it appearing by tlie record of the exchequer of our lord the King, in court shewn, that the aforesaid tenements are held of our lord the King, by the services aforesaid; therefore he is admitted * Johannes Pycot tenet quoddam tene- Pycot tenet quoddam tenemcntuni, in eadem mentum hi villa de Ileydon, in com. Essex, villa, per serjantiaui tenendi pelves, ad aquani per seijantiam teweud. manutogium coram dandam, ad Coronationem praedictam. Pla. domino Rege, die Coronationis. Et Petrus Coron. ISEdw.T. Blount, ii7, to 49 to do liis service, by Edmund Earl of Cantbridf^c, (the Kino;'.s uncK') bis deputy; and so tbe same earl, in rigbt of the said John, held the towel when the lord the King washed his hands, the said day of his Coronation, before dinner*." At the Coronation of King James If., the lord of the manor of Ileydon, in Essex, claimed to hold the bason and ewer to the King, by virtue of one moiety, and the towel, by virtue of another moiety of the said manor, when the King washes, before dinner ; which claim was allowed as to the towel only-j-. BRAMJBELEGir, OH BROMLEY, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. The prioress of Saint Leonard of Stratford held fifty acres of land in Brambelegh, in the county of Middlesex, by the service of finding, for the lord tije King, a man to hold the towel of the sajiie King at his Coronation !j:. * J. W. Counte (citoyen) de L. porrexit in taire in le forme suibdit. Et hoc appiert de Cur. quandani petitionein in haec verba. Al record de scaccario domini l{egis in Cur. treshonorabie seignior le Roy de Castile et de nionstrat quod prasdicta tenenienta tenentur Leon, Duke de Lane, et Seneslial d'Angl. de domino -Kege per servitia pra;dicta. Ideo Tre suppl. J. W. que come le dit. J. dent admittatur ad servilium suum hujusmodi certeine tenements in Heydon quels sont le faciend. per Edm. comitem. Cant, deputatuni inoytie del raaner de Heydon teuus de nostre s\u\m. Et sic idem comes in jure ipsius seigniour le Roy, per son service le teyner un Joliannis manutergia tenuit quando dominus towell quant tiostre seignior le l^oy lavera ses Rex lavavit manus suas dicto die Coronationis maynes devant manger le jour de son Coron- suae ante prandium. Crompt. Jurisdict. 86. b. ment, et que le moytie de dit man. jades fuit f Sandf. Hist. Coron. in le season J. l*ygot 4. le tyent de seign. E. X Priorissa JBeati Leonardi de Stretford nadgaycrs Roy d'Engleter, Besayle nostre tenet quinquaginta acras terra; in eadeni villa, seigniour le Roy que ore est per les services per servitium inveniendi domino Regi, unum suisdits coe. appiert per record de I'eschequer lioniinem ad tenendum manutergium ipsius nostre dit seigniour le Roy, et prya que il Regis in Coronatione sua. Pla. Coron. i;2 poet estr. accept, au dit office de serjeantie Edw. L Blount, 60". H WINFREO, 50 :^l WINFRED, COUNTY OF DORSET. Robert de Newborouo-h held the manor of Winfred, in the county of Dorset, together with the hundred there, of the King in capite, by the service of giving water for the hands of our lord the King, on the day of his Coronation ; and to have the bason and ewer for the service aforesaid*. At the Coronation of King James II., a claim was made, by the lord of the manor and hundred of Winfred, to do this service, which was not allowed : but he was left to make his application to the King, if he thought fitf . ADDINGTON, COUNTY OF SURREY. Robert ApvUou held one carucate:|: of land in Addlngton, in the county of Surrey, by the service of making one mess, in an earthen pot, in the kitchen of our lord the King, on the day of his Coro- nation, called Diligrout, and if there be fat§ (or lard) in the mess, it is called Maupigyrnun [j. Afterwards, in King Edward the First's time, William Walcot held * Robcrtiis (le Novoburgo tenuit manerium :}: Robertus Agiiillon tenet unam cariicatani de Winfred in com. Dorset, una cum hundrtrlo teme in Addington, in comitatu Surrey, ibidem de lice in capite, per seivitium dandi \)er seijaiitiani faciendi unum ferculuni in olla aquam mauibus domini Regis, die Corona- lutea, in coquina domini Regis, die Corona- tionis suJe, et habebit pelveni cum lavatorio tionissuae, et vocatur Diligrout; et si sit Seym§i pro servitio pratdiclo. Inq. 12 Edw. HI. n.2. (Sagimen) in illo ferc'ulo, vocatur INIaupigji- Porset. Blount, 29. ^nxn\\. Placit. Coron. :^9 Hen. III. Rot. 29. t Sandf. Hist. Coron. dorso. Blount, 1. the 51 the manor of Addington b^ the same service*; onlj', in this record, it is called a certain pottage called Maupigyrnun f . Tills tenure is probably as old as the time of Ring Henry II. at the least, for William Aquilon, who had married the heiress of Bartholomew de Cheney, held his land in Addintone, in Surrey, which was the inheritance of the said Bartholomew, by serjeanty ©f finding a cook at the King's Coronation, to dress victuals in the King's kitchen :|;. And in the time of King Henry H. William Ag-uillum held three knights fees and a half, and a Bartholomew, one knight's fee in the county of Surrey §, and it is very likely thai these were the very \Mlliam Aquilon and Bartholomew de Cheney above mentioned. In Mr. Blount's time this manor was in the possession of Thomas Leigh, Esq. who, at the Coronation of his then 3Iajesty, King- Charles II. in the year 1C61, brought up to the King's table a mess of pottage called Dillgrout, this service being adjudged to him by the court of claims, in right of this his manor; whereupon the Lord High Chamberlain presented him to the King, who accepted the service, but did not eat of the pottage ||. And at the Coronation of King James II., the lord of the manor of Bardolfe in Addino-ton, Surrey, claimed to find a man to make a • mess of Grout in the King's kitchen; and therefore prayed that the * Escaet. 14 Edw. I. Num. 16. % Madox's Hist. Excheq. 453. Mad. Baron. + Quoddam pottagium vocatum Maupig}T- jAngl. 248. nun. § Lib. Nig. Scacc. 121. jl Mr. Ashmole's Narrative. Blount, 1. H 2 King's 52 Kino-'s master cook niiobt nerform that service : which claim was allowed, and the said lord of the manor brought it up to the King's table* c^ A cr.rucate of land, a plow-land, or a hide of land, is not of any certain content ; but as much as a plow can, by course of liusbasidry, plow in a year ; and may contain a messuage, wood, meadow, and pasture. And every plow-land, of ancient time, was of the yearly value of five nobles (£\. 13s. 4d.) per annum: and this was the living of a plowman or yeoman. 1. Inst. 69. a. II Ml Seym. Mr. Blount has rendered the Latin word sagimen, by the oeneral term of fat, which the editor thinks does not suffi- ciently express the sense of it ; as it particularly means the fat or lard of swine that covers the kidneys, &c. This kind of fat, and no other, is in Yorkshire, and the northern counties, to this day, usually called by the name of saim, and in Kent seam : perhaps from the sain doux of the French, which signifies hog's lard ; or rather from the British word saim, sewet. Lhuyd's Archaelojr. 235. E. o That part of the manor of Addington, which belonged to the Aquillons and Bardolfs, was, and still is, held by a very singular species of grand serjeanty, viz. by the service of presenting a certain dish to the King on the day of his Coronation. Of the origin of this service it seems not an improbable conjecture, that the manor was an appendage to the ofiice of the King's cook, * Sandf. Hist. Coron, as 55 as Richmond (lien Shene, anliontly was to tlic office of butler. It is certain that Tczelin, the cook, held it of the Conqueror ; being afterwards separated from the office, the natui'e of the serjeanty njight continue, though confined to the service of presenting a dish to the King once in his reign. The service and the dish are variously described in the different records. Bartholomew Cheney* is said to have holden Addington by the service of finding a cook to dress such victuals in the Kinjr's kitchen, as the Seneschal shall order, lliis was, in fact, only executing the office of cook by deputy; and his son-in-law William Aguillonj- held it by the ser- vice of making hastias t, as the record expresses it, in the Kino's kitchen, on the day of his Coronation, or of finding a person who should make for him a certain pottage called the mess of Gyron; or if seym § be added to it, is called Maupygernon ; the seym in another record is called unguentnm. Sir Robert Aguillon || held it precisely by the same service, and the dish is mentioned by the same name (viz le mess de Gyron) in the Pleas of the Crown ; though Blount** has quoted it thence by the name of Diligrout, and Aubrey has copied his mistake. Thomas Bardolf j -f-, who died seised of Addington in the reign of Edward the Third, held it by the service of making three messes of Maupygernon at the Coro- nation, one of which he Mas to present to the King, another to (he Archbishop of Canterbury, and the third to whomsoever the Kino* * Mag. Rot. 18 Hen. III. Surrey. they make lard. Some derive it from the Latiii t Harl. MS. Brit. Miis. 313. f. 22, b. word sevum, suet. \ The word hastia does not occur in any of || Placit. Coron. 39 Hen. HI. m. iZ, and tlie Glossaries. Esch. 14 Edw. 1. § Seym or Seim, is a Saxon word, signify- ** Blount's Jocular Temires, p. 1 ; and Au- ing fat ; it is still in use amongst the butchers, brey's Antiquities of Surrey, vol. ii. p. 3<). and is usually spelt Seam ; it is now generally "l-f Esch. b Edw. IH. applied to the omentum of a pig, of which would. 54 would. This service is still kept up, and a dish of pottage was presented to the present King at his Coronation by Mr. Spencer, as lord of the manor of Addington ; but I cannot find that there exists any antient* receipt for the making of it-f*. LISTON, COUNTY OF ESSEX. In the 41st of Edward III. Joan, the wife of William Leston, held the manor of Overhall in this parish, by the service of paying for, bringing in and placing of five wafers before the King as he sits at dinner upon the day of his Coronation :];. Richard Lions held the said manor after her, by the service of making wafers upon the day of the King's Coronation, and of serving the King with the same wafers as he sits at dinner the same day§. Godfrey Fitz John |1 held certain lands in Liston in the county of Essex, of our lord the Kino-, by the service of making: wafers at his Coronation**. * In a collection of antient cookery receipts chicken parbojled and chopped, Scc. See pa. of llie thirteenth century, printed at the end of 4ti(), of Household Establishments, 4to. 1790' tiie Royal Household Establishments, pub- f Lysons's Environs of London, vol. i. pp. lished by the Society of Antiquaries, is a receipt 5, 6, 49, 50, and notes. to make a dish called Bardolf; though there |' Abstract. Rec. in Scaccar. anno 41 Edw. is no evidence to support it, it would not be an HI. VVeever's Fun. Monum. p. 384. unfair conjecture, as the Bardolfs were lords of 5; Anno 5 Ric. II. Weever's Fun. Monum. Addington at the period above-mentioned, to 3S4. suppose, that this might be the dish in question; || Godefridus filius Johannis. it was called a pottage, and consisted of almond ** Blount, 25. niylk, the brawn of capons, sugar, and spices, ■At 55 At the Coronation of King Henry IV. William le Vonoure, b , reason that he was tenant of the manor of Lyston, claimed and ob- tained to exercise the office of making wafers for the King, the day of his Coronation *. At the Coronation of King James II. the lord of the manor of Liston in Essex, claimed to make wafers for the King and Queen, and serve them np to their table ; to have all the instruments of silver, and other metal, used about the same, with the linen, and certain proportions of ingredients, and other necessaries, and liveries for himself and two men : which claim was allowed, and the service, with his consent, performed by the King's officers, and the fees compounded for at ^30 -f*. At the Coronation of their present ]\Iajesties, William Campbell of Liston Hall, Esq. as lord of this manor, claimed to do the same service, which was allowed : and the King was pleased to appoint his son, William Henry Campbell, Esq. to officiate as his deputy, who accordingly attended ,^ and presented the wafers to their Ma« jesties. THE EARLDOM OF LINCOLN. At the Coronation of King Henry IV. John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, half brother to the Kiuo- to whom the Kino- in rio-ht of his Earldom of Lincoln, had o-ranted to be earner, the dav of hia Coronation, claimed that office, and had it granted %. * Cromp. 86. f Sanilf, Hist. Coron, 129. % Cromp. 84, b. WETHEKSFELD 56 WETIIERSFELD, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Hugh de Nevill held the manor of Wethersfeld in the county of Essex of the Kintj;, in capite, by the service of setting the first dish at the King's riglit-hand, on his Coronation-day, and he Mas to have the dish and towel *. BILSINGTON, COUNTY OF KENT. Tlie prior of Bilsington held a certain part of a serjcanly in Bil- shigton, in the county of Kent, by serving the lord the King with his cup on Whitsunday -f. The ancestors of the Earl of Arundel used to hold the manor of Bilsington, in the county of Kent, which is worth ^xxx a year, by the serjeaaty of being butler of our lord the King, on Whit- sunday;!:. At the Coronation of King Henry IV. Thomas Earl of Arundel, chief butler of England, obtained to exercise that office the day of * Hugo de Nevile tenuit maner de Wethers- feld, ill com. Essex, de R. in capite, per sci vie' assedendi propiiiquior' feiculum a dexlris Regis die quo portat Coroiiam, et liabebit discuni et tuellam. Esc. temp. R. H. lii. Reg. Johaiinis. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 708, p. 7. •j- Prior de Bilsington tenet quandatn par- tem serjanlict in Bilsington, in com. Kantia?, ad serviendum dominuni Rcgcm, die Pente- cosles, decoupa sua. In Rot. Hundred, anno 3 Edvv. I. Rot. 7. Kane. I51ount, (iC. ^ Antecessores Comiti.s Arundel solcbant tenere maneriuin de Bilsynton, in com. Kantia3 quod valet per ami. „fxxx per serjantiam es- sendi pinceiua domini Regis in die Peiite- costes. Pla. Coron. 21 Edw.I. Rot. 27- Kane. Blount^ Gl. the 57 the Coronation, and had the fees thereto bolonoino- oranted to & ^ O him, to wit, the goblet willi which the King was served, and other things to that his office appertaining ; the vessels of wine excepted that lay under the bar, which were adjudged to the Lord Steward, the said Earl of Arundel's claim notwithstandino: *. At the Coronation of King Charles II. Robert Bernham, Esq. lield the manor of East Bilsington in the county of Kent, of the King, by the service of presenting the King with three maple cups on the day of his Cort)nation, which service was performed at the Coronation of the said King by Erasmus Smith, Esq. in behalf of the said Robert Bernham -j . And a claim to do the like service was made at the Coronation of King James II. by the lord of the manor of Nether Bilsington in Kent, and allowed J. KENNINGHALL, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. At the Coronation of King James II. the Duke of Norfolk, as Earl of Arundel, and lord of the manor of Kenninghall, in Norfolk, claimed to perform, by deputy, the office of chief butler of England, and to have, for his fees, the best gold cup and cover, with all the vessels and wine remaining under the bar, and all the pots and cups, except those of gold or silver, in the wine-cellar after dinner : which claim was allowed, with only the fee of a cup and ewer§. * Cromp. So, b. + Saudf. Hist. Coron. ■f Narrative of Elias Ashmole, Esq. Blount, | Ibid. 7. I THE 58 THE LORD MAYOR and CITIZENS OF LONDON. Iti the year 1337 the following petition was exhibited to the King in Council, viz. " To our lord the King and his Council, Richard de Bettoyne of London sheweth ; that whereas, at the Coronation of our lord the King that now is, he being then Mayor of London, performed the office of Butler, with three hundred and sixty valets, clothed in the same livery, each one carrying in his hand a white silver cup, as other Mayors of London have time out of mind used to do, at the Coronation of the King's progenitors ; and the fee appendant to that service, that is to say, a gold cup with a cover, and an ewer of gold enameled, was delivered to him by the assent of the Earl of Lancaster, and other great men, then of our lord the King's council, by the hands of Sir Robert de Wodehouse ; and now there comes an estreat out of the exchequer, to the Sheriffs of London, for the levying of ^89. 12s. 6d. for the said fee, upon the goods and chattels of the said Richard, wherein he prays that remedy may be ordained him. And the 3Iayor and Citizens of Oxford are bound by charter, to come to London, at the Coronation, to assist the Mayor of London, in serving at the feast, and so have always used to do. Or, if it please our lord the King, and his council, we will willingly pay the fee, so that we may be discharged of that service *. This * ^\ nostre seignour le Roy et a son Conseil q'ore est, il adonque Meire de Londres fesoit luonstre Richard le Bettoyne de Loiindres, qe Toftice de Botiller one ccclx vadletz vesluz come au Coroneiiient noslrc seiguour le Koy d'uue sutC; chescuu portant en sa maime uii Coupe m This Richard de Bettoync, who was Lord Mayor of London in the years 1326 and 1327, 1st. Edw. III. is by Stowe called Rich- ard Britaine, goklsmith : and by Maitland, Betayne. At the Coronation of King Henry IV. the citizens of London, chosen forth by tlie city, served in the hall, as assistants to the Lord Chief Butler, wliilst the King sat nt dinner, the day of his Coronation. And when the King entered into his chamber, after dinner, and called for wine, the Lord Mayor of London brought to him a cup of gold, w ith wine, and had the same cup given to him, together with the cup that contained water to allay the wine. After the King had drunk, the said Lord 3Iayor and Aldermen of Lon- don had tlieir table to dine at, on the left hand of the Kino-, ia the hall*. At the Coronation of King James II. the Lord Mayor aivd Giti-, zens of London claimed to serve the King with wine, after dinner, in a gold cup, and to have the same cup and cover for his fee ; and, with twelve other citi/ens by them appointed, to assist the chief butler of England in the butlei*ship, and to have a table on Coupe blanclie d'argent, come autres Meirs de £lxxxix xiis. vid. pur le fee avantdit, Londies cunt faitz as Coronementz des proge- dont il prie que lemedie lui soil ordeyiie. Et uitours nostre seigneur le Roy, dont niemorie le Meire et les Citeyns d'Osenfoid cunt per ne court, et le fee q'appendoit a ccl jorne, cest point de chartre, quils vendront a Londres a asavoir un Coupe d'or ove la covercle et un Ten Coronement d'eydcr le ^leire de Londres Ewer d'or enaniaille, lui fust livere per assent pur servir a la fest et toulz ount usee. Et si il -du Counte de Lancastre et d'aulres grantz plest a nostre seignour le Roy et a son Conseil, qu' adonques y furent du Conseil uostre nous payerons volenters le fee, issent que nous seignour le Roy per la Maine Sire Robert soyoms descliarges de la service. Petit, in de Wodehouse : et ore vient en estreite as Pari. Ann. II Edw. III. JBlount, ICl. Viscountes de Londres hors del Chekker de * Cromp. 85, b. faire lever de biens et cliateux du dit Richard I 2 die 60 the left hand of tlie hall : which claim was not allowed, because the liberties of the city were then seized into the Kings's hands, by virtue of the judgment, in quo warranto, given against them, in Trinity Term, 35 Car. II. then unreversed ; but yet they executed the office, ex gratia, and dined in the hall, and had a gold cup for their fee *. At the same time, the said Lord Mayor and Citizens of London, claimed to serve the Queen in like manner, and were only dis- allowed at that time, for the same reason f-. At the Coronation of his late Majesty, King George II. the same service was performed by Sir John Eyles, Baronet, Lord Mayor of London, and John Boyce, Esq. Mayor of Oxford, who was knighted on that occasion J, And at the Coronation of their present Majesties, this service was performed by Sir Matthew Blackiston, Knight, (afterwards created a Baronet) assisted by Thomas Munday, Esq. Mayor of Oxford, who was knighted on that occasion. THE MAYOR AND BURGESSES OF OXFORD. The Mayor and Burgesses of Oxford, by charter, claim to serve in tlie office of butlership to the King, with the citizens of London, with all fees thereunto belonffino" : which claim was allowed at the Coronation of King James II. and to have three maple cups for their foe. Tiiey had also, ex gratia, allowed a large gilt bowl and cover §. * Sandf. Hist. Coron. f Ibid. X Compl. Copjhold, 372. § Sandf. Hist. Coron, BUCKENHAM, 01 BLCKEMIAM, &c. COUiXTY OF NORFOLK. John Knyvctt held the manors of Old Bokoiihain, jVew Bo- kenham, Lathes, >vifh two parts of the manor of GIrisliao-, in the town of Wymondham, in the county of Norfolk, with the a|)pur- tenances, which were held of the late Kino; (Richard 111.) in capite, by the service of being butler to our lord the King on the day of his Coronation *. GRISHAWE AXD TOPCROFT, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. John de Clyfton held a part of the manor of Grishawe in Wy- mondham, in the county of Norfolk, by the service of being butler at the King's Coronation, and the manor of Topcroft by the afore- said service -j-. FIFE, SCOTLAND This shire, as well as the rest in the kingdom, was formerly subject to a Thane, i. e, in the old Saxon language, as in the present Danish, a servant to the King: but Malcolm Canmore appointed Macdufl", who before was Thane of Fife, first hereditary Earl of * Et ibm. continetur quod dictus Johannes tionis suoe. Miciris fines anno xj'"". Regis II, Knyvett oneratus fuit de xxi" de relevio suo Septimj. Harl. MS. Biit. Mus. No. 5174, p. pro castro de Bokenliain cum pertin-ac ma- 1.3. neriis de veteri Bokenliam, nova Bokenham, f Johannes de Clyfton partem m. de Gri- Lathes, et duobus parlibus m. de Grisha^h, shawe in Wymondham, per surviciuui pincernae in villa de Wymondham, cu' ptin' in dco com. ad Coronationem Kcgis, et m. de Topcroft per Norff. que de dco iiup. Kige tenebanlur in C. pradictum servitium. Ilsc. 1 1 Rici'. scdi'. per seivic' essendi pincerua Regis die Corouar Ibid. No. 2087, p. 218. Fife, 62 Fife, for his services, granting to his posterity the right of placing the King in his chair at his Coronation, the command of the van in the King's army, and power to compound for a sum of money for the accidental murder of a nobleman or commoner by any of them. There still remains, not far from Lundoris, a stone cross, which served as a boundary between Fife and Strathern, Avith an inscrip- tion in barbarous verses, which had such a right of sanctuary, that a murderer within the ninth degree of relation to IMacdulf, Earl of Fife, if he could reach this cross, and pay nine cows with a heifer[*], should be acquitted of the murder*. [*J Colpindacli. STAPELTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. Geoffry de St. Clare holds Stapelton of our lord the King by serjeanty, to wit, of bearing one towel before our lady the Queen, at Easter, Whitsuntide, and Christmas, and at the Kinjr's Corona- tion -j-. WIMONDLEY, COU.XTY OF HERTFORD. Richard dcArgenlyne held Willemundele, by serjeanty of serving with one silver cup ai the King's Coronation.]:. Reginald de Argentyne,, in King Edward the First's time, was seized of the manor of Great Wylmondele, (now called Wimble, in * Cough's Camden, Edit. 1789. vol. iii. & Pentecost', 8c ad nativitateni diii & ad diii f>- 371. Regis Coronationem. Testa de Nevil, p. \G2. f Galfrirliis de See' Claro tenet Stapelton de i Ricardus de Argeutoem tenet ^^'illu^ldele diio per seijaiitiani scilicet per unani tualiiam per serjantiani scrviendi cum una cuppa argen- ■ferendam coram duu Rcgiua ad festum Pascli' tea, ad Corouationem Regis. Lib. Rub. Scacc. the GS the county of Cambrldoe*) Avhich lie lield hy oraiid sorjeairty, to serve our lord the King, on the day of his Coronation, with a silver cup, by order of the Lord High Steward j-. At the Coronation of King Henry IV., Sir William Argentyne, by reason of his tenure of his manor of Willumdale, in the county of Hertford, served the King of the first cup of drink, which he tasted of at his dinner the day of his Coronation. The cup was of silver, uno-ilt, which the same kni«;ht had for his fees. Notu Ilhstandino' the petition which John Fitzwarren presented to the Lord Steward, requiring that office, in right of his wife, the Lady 3Iaud, daughter and heir to Sir John Argentyne, Knight %. At the Coronation of Kino- Charles H. this manor had descended to the Lord Allington, who, at the Coronation dinner of the said King, carried the King his first draught of drink, in a silver-gilt cup; the office of cup-bearer, as also the fee, having been adjudged to him by the Court of Claims, in right of this manor; and wlien the King had drank, the said Lord Allington received the cup for his fee§. And at the Coi-onation of Kino- James H. the like claim was made by the lord of this manor, and allowed l]. * Wimondley in com. Hertford, potiiis. J Cromp. 8,5. t Escaet. 1 1 F.dvv. I. n. 19. Cant. Hereford. § Blount, 73. (com. Hertford) Blount, 78. 11 Saudf. Hist. Coron. 133. CHENES, 64 OIIENES, COUNTY OF SURREY. Otho de Grandison, and John de Valietort, and Alice his wife, held the town of Chenes, by serjeanty of finding, on the day of the Kino's Coronation, two white cups at dinner ; and now it is rented at Tin shillinjjs*. ASHELEE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. William de Hastings, being steward to King Henry I., held that office by serjeanty, in respect of the tenure of his manor of Ashele, in the county of Norfolk, by the service of taking charge of the napery, (table clothes and other linen,) at the Coronation of the Kings of England j-. At the Coronation of King Henry IV. the Lord Leonard Grey of Ruthyn, by reason of his manor of Asheley, in Norfolk, covered the tables ; and had for his fee, all the table cloths, as well those in the hall, as elsewhere, when they were tfiken up : notwithstanding a petition exhibited by Sir John Drayton to have had that office 1^. And at the Coronation of King James II., the then lord of the said manor claimed to perform the said office, and have the fees, &c. His claim was not allowed, because he had not his evidence ready to make it out, but with a salvo jure §. * Othonus de Grandison et Johannes de et modo arrentata est ad vnis. Plac. Coron. Valletorta, et Alicia uxor ejus, tenent villani ]<) Hen. III. Surrey, Blount, 82. de Chenes, de serjantia inveiiiendi, die Core- f Testa de Nevile. Norf. Suff. Clount, 13, uatioiiis Regis, duos ulbosciphos ad praudium; J Cromp. 85. § Sandf. Hist. Coron. 132. SCULTON, 6S SCULTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. At the Coronation of King Henry IV., Edmund Chaniljers claimed and obtained the office of principal larderer, for him and his depu- ties, by reason of this manor of Sculton, otherwise called Burdel- byn-Sculton, in the county of Norfolk*. The manor of Sculton, otherwise called Burdos or Burdelois in Norfolk, was held by this tenure ; that the lord thereof, on the Coronation-day of the Kings of England, should be chief lar- diner -)-. At the Coronation of King James II., the lord of the manor of Sculton, alias Bourdelies, in Norfolk, clainie*! to be chief larderer; ktid to have for his fees, the provisions remaining, after dinner, in the larder. And on reference to the King, it appearing that other manors were also severally held by the same service, the lord of this manor was appointed, pro hac vice, to do the office, but wilh a salvo jure to the other claimants .]:. EAST-IIAM, EYSTAN, OR ESTON AT THE MOUNT, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Ralph de Moigne (an error in Blount for le Moigne) [or the Monk] held East-Ham, in Essex, by serjeanty, that he should be caterer (or purveyor) of the lord the King in his kitchen §. ^,. c * Cromp. 86. f Camden in Norfolk. Blount, 10. 1 Sandf.-Hist. Coron. 133. § Radulphus de le Moigne, Sec. tit sit emptor domini Regis in coquina sua. Pla. Co- ron. apud Chelmesf. U Hcii. III. Blount, 26. Henry, CG Henry, son and heir of William le Moigne, fined in ^xviii for relief of his land of Eystan, which he held of die King- in capite, by the serjeanty of die King's lardinary. Ralph le Moigne, ancestor of Henry, held the land by the same serjeanty ; and the land was worth ilxviii a year, as appeared by the roll*. At the Coronation of King James H. the lord of the manor of Eston at the Mount, in Essex, claimed the offices of larderer and caterer; but his claim was at that time disallowed, with a salvo jure^ and the Kino; appointed the lord of the manor of Sculton to exercise the same pro hiic vice j-. N. B. Blount did not make all his extracts himself. KIBWORTII-BEAUCHAMP, COUNTY OF LEICESTER. At the Coronation of King Henry IV. Thomas Beauchampe, Earl of Warwick, was panferer, by right of inheritance :]:. But whether- he claimed the office, as being lord of this manor, or otherwise, does not plainly appear. But Queen Elizabeth, in the first year of her reign, granted to Sir Ambrose Dudley, (afterwards Earl of Warwick) the manor of Kib- worth-Beauchamp, in the county of Leicester; to hold by the ser- vice of being pantler to the King-s and Queens of this realm, at thcij? Coronations §. # * Madox's Exclieq. 220. J Cromp. 85. t Saudf. Hist. Coron. 133. ^ Pat. 1 Eliz, Blount, S6. KLNGESHAM, er KINGESHA3I, COUNTY OF CLOUCESTER. John de Daubeny, holds his manor at Kingeshain in the county of Gloucester, by the serjeanty of keeping the door of the jmntry of our lord the King ; and the said John said, that on the day of the Coronation of our lord the King, that now is (Edward the First) he did his service in his proper person *. THE HUNDRED OF MIDDLETON, COUNTY OF KENT. William de Lcyburn, holds his land of our lord the King, by serjeanty of keeping the larder of our lord the King, the day on which our lord the King shall wear his crown -j*. SCRIVELSBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. Robert de Marmion, Lord of Fonteney in Normandy, and here- ditary champion to the dukes thereof, was, by King William the Conqueror, for his services, rewfivdcd with the Castle of Tamworth, in the county of Warwick, and territory adjancent, which had been the royal di^mesnes of the Saxon Kings ; receiving, about the same time, the office of hereditary champion to the King of England his heirs and successors, to him and his heirs; to be held, either by tenure of this castle, or of the manor of Scrivelby in Lincoln- shire ; it is not quite certain which. * Johannes de Daubeny tenet nianerium f Willielmusde Lcyburn tenet terram siiam suuni apud Kingesham in com. Glouc. per de domino Kege per scijantiam ad custodieu- serjantiam custodiendi ostium panetriae domini duni laidarium domini Regis, die quo dominns Regis. Et prsdictus Johannes dicit quod die Rex portabit Coionam. In Rot. Hundred. Coronationis domini Regis nunc, fecit serjan- anno 3 Edw. I. Rot. 7. Kane. Blount, tiam suam in propria persona. Pla. Corou. G^. 15 Edw. I. Glouc. Blount, 58. K 2 From 68 From this Robert de Marmion, there were four successive Barons (Ic Marmion, of Tam worth Castle, and hereditary champions of England, in regular descent; the last whereof, PhiUp, a great baron of his time, dying in the twentieth of Edward I., without issue male, his inheritance came to be divided amongst his four that as often as our lord the King would cross the sea, the said Solomon and his heirs ought to go along with him, to hold his head on the sea, if it was needful *. Ilcarne, in his edition of the Black Book of the Exchequer, cites the former record at length, in the following manner, viz. " Con- cerning serjeanties, the jurors say, that Solomon de Campis, (&c. as above.) And the jurors witness, that the aforesaid serjeanty is entire,, and that the aforesaid Solomon fully performed the aforesaid ser*^ vice: therefore," &c. j. t HOTON, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND: The manor of Iloton in the county of Cumberland, is held of our lord the King in capite, by the servfce of being keeper of the jP»rest in the Ilaya, of our lord the King at Plompton; and besides this, by the service of holding the stirrup of our lord the Iving, whilst he should mount his horse in his Castle of Carlisle, and by the service of paying 33 s. 4d. a year at the King's exchequer at Carlisle, by the hands of the sheriff of. Cumberland for the lime being %. * Solomon Attefeld tenet terrani- apud Ke- perlaud et Atterton in com. Kancise, per ser^ jantiani, viz. quod quotiescunque dominus Rex viilt transiie mare, idem Solomon el lia;- redes siii debfent transire cum eo, ad tenendum caput ejus, in mare, si necesse fuerit. Glaus. 1 Edvv. I. Blount, 63. •fi De serjaaitiis (juratores) dicuut quod Sa- lomon de Campis, &c. Et juratores testantur quod pr«dicta serjantia Integra est, et quod prsodictus Salomon plene fecit prsedictunj str^ vitium. Ideo ipse, 8cc. ex MS. pejies P. !e Neve, Noroy, f. 75, a. Lib. nig. Scacc. 188. Edit. 1771. ;j; Manerium de Iloton in com. Cumbr. te- netur de domino Rege in capite, per servitiuni forestse custodis in Haya domioi Regis de Plompton, et ultra h6c, per servitium tenendi slippam (another error of Blount's for stippam or stjpam, P.) sella? doniini Regis dum equunt suum in Castro suo Carleoli scanderit,,et per servitium reddendi per ann. 33 s. 4 d. ad Scac- carium Regis Carliol. per manits vicecom. Cumbria;, qui pro tempore fuerit. Esc. de aimo 5 Hen. VII. Blount, 31. STAFFOKD. IS STAFFORD. Kino* Edward III. o-ranted to Simon de Rug-oclei and his Iieirs, the Vineyard 11^11 near Slafford, by the service of holding once the Strigib' f of the King at his first mounting upon his palfreys everjf time of his coming; to Stafford*, & mil Vinarlam. Perhaps may mean a Vineyard, from Vinea. f Strigib'. I am quite at a loss for the interpretation of (his wordj but by the concurrent sense it seems to mean a Stirrup. CAMBRIDGE. The same kind of grant to Ralph Notion, by the same service, when the King should come to Cambridge-j-. ESSEBY, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON. William Fitz Warin holds a third part of the town of Esseby, in the county of Northampton, of (he King of Scotland, by a certain service, that he should hold his stirrup on his birth-day: and the same King holds of the King of England in chief:]:. * Rex concessit Sinioni de Rtiggelei, et f Pat- 1^- Ettw. Til. p. 2. M. 16. Com* hered' Vinariarn juxta Stafford, per servic. muiiicated by Tho. Astle, Esq. tenendi semel Strigib' Regis ad primum J VViilielinus Filiiis Warini tenet tertiam ascensiim suum supw "palefiidem s'uum irj partem villae de Esseby, in com. Northampt. qnolibet adventn suo apud Stafford. Pat. C;0. de Rege Scotiae, per quoddam servitiimi, quod Edw. HI. Mem. 35. Communicated by teneat Strepe suum die natalis. Et idem Kes 'J ho. Astle, Esq. tenet de Rege Aiigliae in capite. Lib. Feed; 24. Edw. 1. ft). 292. Blount, 33. IIEMINGSTON, m HEMINGSTON, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. Rowland le Sarcere held one hundred and ten acres of land in Ilemingston, in the county of Suffolk, by serjeanty; for which, on Christmas-day, every year,, before our sovereig-n lord the King of England,, he should perform, altogether, and once,, a leap, a puff", and a fart; (or, as Mr. Blount has it, he should dance, puff up his cheeks, making therewith a sound, and let a crack ;) and, because it was- an indecent service, therefore it was rented, says the record, at XXVI s» Tiiid. a year,^ at tlie King's exchequer*.^ One Baldwin, also, formerly held tliose limds by the same ser- vice; and was called by the nickname of Baldwiii le Petlour,. or Baldwin the Farter f;. SHIREFIELD, COUNTY OF HANTS. John de Warbleton holds the manor of Shirefeld, in the county of Southampton, of the King in capite,. by grand serjeanty, viz.^ by the service of being 31arshal of the Whores ]l§j!, and dismembering condemned ^Malefactors, and me as uri no- the Gallons and Bushels iu the King's household [X] T- * Simul et semel, unum sal turn, unum suf- + Johannes de Warbleton tenet maneriuin Slim, et unum bombuluni, or as we read else- de Shirefeld, in com. SouthamtJton de Rege in where in French un saut, un pet, et un sjflety capite,permagnamscrjaiitiam,viz.pcrservitium simul et semel. Et quia indecens servilium, essendi Marescluillu.sde iMcretricibus, distneui- ideo arxentatur ad XXVI s. viiid. per annum, brandi Malefactores adjudicates, et inen>u- ad Scaccarium Regis. Pla. Coroii. 14 Edw. 1. randi Galoues et Bussellos in hospitio Regis. Rot. 6. Dorso. Suft". Blount, 10. Fin. Hil. 13 Edw. II. et Pasch. 1 Edw. III. t Blount's Law Diet tit. Serjeanty. Blouut, 126. 80 ||§|1 Mr. Blount says, Ihat the word 3Ieretrices in former times signified Laundresses, as well as Whores. But see further under Guldeford. [I] The late Lord Lyttleton, in his history of Henry II., denies this tenure to be grand serjeanty, and says it was a petit ser- jeanty of the meanest, and most dishonourable nature; and so it really is, if the definition in Lyttleton's Tenures, cap. 8. sect. 153. be true ; for there it is said, that grand serjeanty is where a man holds his lands of our sovereign lord the King, by such services as he ought to do in his proper person to the King; of which kind this is not ; for though it was to be done for, it was not to be done to the King. And yet, if Mr. Blount has cited the record truly, it was certainly at that time understood to have been a tenure by grand serjeanty.; and his lordship .allows that Mr. 3Iadox calls it so ; and that the record traces it up as high as ,to the reign of King Henry II. Indeed the distinctions l)etween grand and petit serjeanty are so nice, that the editor chooses, for the sake of a more methodical arrano'e- ment of his materials, to refer such tenures as admit of dispute *to the next chapter, where he treats of petit serjeanty. STAUNTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Henry de la Wade holds ten pounds :|;§:^ of land in Staunton, in the county of Oxford, hy the serjeanty of carrying a Gerfalcon every year, before our lord the King, whenever he shall please to hawk; with such falcons, at the cost of the said lord the King*. * Henriciis de la Wade tenet decern libratas Regi placuerit spaciari cum hujusmodi fal- terras in Staunton, in com. Oxon, per serjan- conibus, ad custas ipsius domini Regis. Pla. tiara portandi unum Geiefalconeni, quolibet Coron. 13 Edw. I. Rot. 26. Oxon. Blount, snno, coram domino Rtge, quaiido domino 7^. ei ^.§|; A pound of land (libra sive librata terra^) is commonly sup- posed lo contain fifty-two acres. But the quantity it con- tained, was, amongst the ancients, evidently uncertain. It is !;putati()ne Aiiglo-Nonnanuica XX inensura. Ego existimo variam fuisse pro soli, Solid!. Hearne. Lib. nig. Scacc. 95. ■seu fertilitate, seu sleriiitate; adeo ut nunc *r PENKELLY, B2 PENKELLY, COUNTY OF CORNWALL. John de Treveilly holds in Penkelly, in the county of Cormvall, half a Cornish acre of land, by the serjeanty of receiving a Grey Riding Hood ||*|1 at Pauleton Bridge, when the King should be coming towards Cornwall, and of ffoino- to the Lord of the Bed- chamber f, who, on the coming of the King, ought to carry it thither and deliver it to the said John ; which said John ought to carry that hood, with our lord the King, through all Cornwall*. 11*11 JMr. Blount translates the words Capa de Grisauco, by grey cloak, from the French cape, a short and sleeveless cloak, or garment, which, instead of a cape, has a capouche behind it; and gris, grey : but quaere, if the word cape may not more properly be rendered a riding hood ? ^ The words de domino de Cabilia, are by Mr. Blount supposed to mean a Lord of the King's Bed-chamber; how truly, the editor cannot determine. Bockwith remarks, that Blount translated Capa de Grisauco a * Johannes de Trevilly tenet in Penkelly, in aclventu doinini Regis ibidem deferre debef, com. Cornub. diniidiam acram terrae Cornu- et cam tradeie eidem Johanni, qui quidem biensem, per serjantiam lecipiendi unam Johannes eaiidem capam ferre debet cuin Capam de Grisauco ad Pontem de Pauleton, domino Rege per totam Cornubiam. Pla. cum Rex fueritin veniendo versus Cornubiam; Coron. de Ann. 12 Edw. I. Blount, 55. et intranto de domino de Cabilia, qui earn in grey grey cloak ; but asks, may it not be rendered more properly, n riding hood? a question, 1 leave to be determined by more able glossographical critics, adding only, that whether cloak or hood, it certainly was by no means an unnecessary, but a very convenient article for travelling, if we consider the coverings which our fore- fathers wore on their head, (what were they?) and the moist weather and heavy rains which so frequently occur in Cornwall : from whence, and other instances I could mention, I apprehend, that very many of the ancient tenures, however they may now appear silly, ridiculous, absurd, indecent, and even immoral, were not originally founded in whim and caprice, but were founded, and may be even defended, upon the ground of necessity, conveniency, good policy, &c. Beckwith's second remark is, that though the w ords " de domino de Cabiha," are by Mr. Blount supposed to mean " a Lord of the Bed-chamber," how truly he cannot determine. Nor was it w ithout foundation, that Mr. Beckwith doubted, as the words rather refer to a place, not a person or officer of the King, and at first sight signify the Lord of Cabilia. That such is their meaning the following will pos^sibly prove ; 1st. The printed Domesday, Cornwall, second column of the re- verse of leaf 124. " Almar tenet de Comite (i. e. Moriloniense) Cabulium." M 2 2dly. 84 2clly. Carew's Survey of Cornwall, edit. 1769, page 45. " Serjantes Petrus fil. Ogeri 40 Cabiilion per unam capani d« o-reseno-e in adventuni diet. Regis in Cornubiam." " Rogcrus Cithared, 5 pro portanda ilia capa dum Rex fuerit in Cornubia." Extract, de Rubro Libro de Scaccario, 143 Cornub. Sdly. Cabilia is a manor existing at this time in the possession of George Hunt, Esq. and lies on the border of the parish of Cardinham, near Bodmin, and may extend into the neighboui'ing parishes of Warleggon and Broadoak. The punctuation, then, of the original Latin tenure is false ; as, instead of a semicolon after " versus Cornubiam," there ought to be a comma only (if any stop at all) and the greater pause ought to be after " intrando;" by which means the sense will be very different from the present English translation ; viz. instead of " receiving a grey hood (or cloak) at Pauleton Bridge, when the Kino; should be coming; towards Cornwall, and of ffoino; to the Lord of the Bed-chamber," it will be, " receiving a grey hood (or cloak) at Pauleton Bridge, Avhcn the King should be coming towards Cornwall and entering, of the Lord of Cabilia," &c. How Blount could translate " intrando de domino," ffoino; (o the Lord, I cannot conceive ; but as to the word " Cabilia," he was possibly misled by its similarity to Cubile. Pauleton, Poulston, or Polston Bridge, is about two miles from Launceston, 85 Lcaunceston, across Ihe Taniar, Avhich river divides the two counties of Cornwall and Devon. As to the situation of '• Peukelly," tliere is but one place of that name, which occurs in Martin's large Map of Cornwall ; and that is situated in the parish of Pelynt and hundred of West, and possibly from its vicinity to Pauleston Bridge, not being above thirty miles at most distant, may be the place : to whom it belongs at present I know not. But should the word " Penkelly" be wrongly spelled, or mis-entered, for Pengelly or Pengilly, it will be very difficult to determine the land held by John de Trevilly ; as those names occur in the parishes of Breage, St. Neot, Creed, St. Breach, St. Teath, Blissand, Callington, Linkinghorn, St. Eue, St. Wenn, and St. Ernie ; and some of diose places are as near, if not nearer, than Penkelly in Pelynt. And as to the quantity of land, in modern measure, held by John de Trevilly, that must also be still more uncertain ; as I am inclined to think, that at this time it is almost impossible to ascer- tain the contents of a Cornish acre at the lera of Domesdav. Even two centuries ago it was a difficult question, as appears fiMjm Ilearne's Curious Discourses. Lastly, Ave must take Petinis fil, Ogeri and Rogerus Cithared, mentioned in Carew as taken from the Red Book of the Exchequer, as the descendants of, or claimants under Almar in Domesdav, and John de Trevilly in Blount*. * Gent. Mag. Janwary, 1790> PP- H? 12. .. *v . In In " Hals' History of Cornwall," under the article St. Breock, I find that Hals agrees with me in the rendering of " et intrando do domino de Cabila;" but seems to think that Pengelly, in the parish of St. Breock, is to be understood by Penkelly ; and Paw- ton-bridge in the same parish, by Pauleton-bridge. Though I allow that Pawton was formerly spelled Polton, and is a very con- siderable manor in St. Breock ; yet as there is only a trifling stream which runs through that part of the parish, and over which there never could have been a bridge of any note, I must still be of opi- nion that Polston-bridge by Launceston is the bridge mentioned in the tenure, from the very particular circumstance of the word intrando *. CABILIA, COUNTY OF CORNWALL. Walter, son and heir of Ade de St. Margaret, gave to the King sixteen pence for his relief [*] for certain tenements in Cabilia, which he held of the King as of his Honor of Lanceneton, by the service of paying to the King one grey cloak (or riding hood,) as often as he should pass towards Cornwall through Pouleston-bridge -j-. [*] llelevium, a relief, or fine paid to the King by all Avho came to the inheritance of lands held in capite, or military service, to re- lieve, i. e. lift up again that which has fallen to the lord, or as it were to redeem their estate and obtain possession of it. Kennet. * Gent. Mag. .July, 1790, p. 608. dendi Regi unani Capam de panno Ciiseo, f Waltems, filiiis et heres Ade de Sancta quotiens Rex tiansitum fecerit versus Corniib. Margaieta, dat. iGd. de relevio suo pro qui- per Pontem de Pouleston. De Termino busdatn ten. in Cabilia, et tenuit de Kege ut Pasclie a°. 10°. E. 2. Harl. MS. No. 34, de Honore de Lanceneton, per servitium red- p. 74. PENCOIT, 87 PENCOIT, COUNTY OF CORNWALL, From whence was denominated an ancient family of o-ontlc- men surnamed de Pencoit. And here lived John dc Pencoit, probably a taylor, temp. Hen. III. and Edw. I. who held an acre of land in Lamellyn, of 5 s. price (that is to say, a Cornish acre, consisting of sixty statute acres) for making; and keeping the King's gray coat, when he came into Cornwall, due out of Cabulion, from Peter the son of Oger*. Polwhele, however, in his history of Cornwall f says, that this has been strangely misrepresented, for that the words in Carew are, " Petrus fil. Ogeri 40 Cabulion. per unam capara de gresenge in adventum dicti Regis in Cornubiara. Rogerus Cithared 5 pro portanda ilia dum Rex fuerit in Cornu- bia. Johan de Pencoit unam acram in Lamelyn, prec. de 5s. fa- ciens ibidem custodiam per 40 dies." So that Johannes de Pencoit did not hold his acre of land, for making and keepino- the King's gray coat when he came into Cornwall, as it was Peter the son of Oger. That Peter held Cabulion by the tenure " of pre- senting one cap of gray cloth at the arrival of the Kino- in Cornwal!," as Roger, the harper, held five acres " by the tenure of carry- ing that cap after the King while he remained in Cornwall ; " and that John de Pencoit held an acre in Lamelyn, of the value of 5s. a year, " by the tenure of keeping watch at Lamelyn over the Kino* for forty days .]:. KIDWELLY, COUNTY OF CAERMARTHEN. The heirs of 3IauriGe de London, for this inheritance Mere * Carew 's Cornwall, p. 45. f Vol. ii. p. GO. + Ibid. bound. 8S bound, if our lord the Kino-, or his Chief Justiciary, shouki come into the parts of Kidwelly with an army, to conduct the said army, with their banners, and all their people, through the midst of the land of Neth to Loghar *. SHORN, COUNTY OF KENT. Antiently Sir Roger Northwood held the manor of Shorn ia Kent, by service to carry, with other the King's tenants a white ensio-n, forty days, at his own charges, when the King should make war in Scotland j-. Flags, banners, pencils, and other ensigns, are of great anti- quity ; their use was, in large armies, to distinguish the troops of different nations or provinces ; and in smaller bodies, those of dif- ferent jeaders, and even [(articular persons^ in order that the prince and commander in chief might be able to discriminate the beha- viour of each corps or personj they also served to direct broken battalions or squadrons whore to rally, and pointed out the station of the King, or tlK)se of the different great officoi's, each of whom had his particular guidon or banner, by which means they might be found at all times, and the commander in chief enabled from time to time to send such orders as he might find necessary to his diC- fferent generals. The antient cnsio;ns wc re of different Tvinds ; some were to be * Ilaiedifis Mauricii de London, pro liac gente sua per mediam terram de Netli usque haereditate tenebantur, si dominus Hex, vel ca- ad Loghar. Canid. es vetusla liiqiiisitione pitalis ejus jiisiioiurius vost oi honour; and in our histories we frequently meet with several instances of persons rewarded with pensions for valiantly performing that duty*. The office of the royal standard-bearer was usually granted for life, with a very large salary '(•. An entry in the wardrobe account gives a description of some of the ensio;ns of King- Edward I. which were thus charoed two with the anus of England, one widi tliose of St Georo-e, one with the arms of St. Edmond, and one with the arms of St. Edward ; they were all fixed in lances. The standards were originally large flags fixed on the tops of toAvers, or otiier elevated places, and from their beinir stationary, were called standards, tliough this term was afterwards given to moveable ensigns, as, at present, to those borne by the cavalry. Banners were small, and of a square figure, somewhat about the make and size of the standards now borne by the horse or dra». goons. Banners were borne before knights bannerets, whose arms were embroidered on them. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. pp. 51, 52. * A. D. 1.^50, 24 Edw. III. there is in Ry- f Kaufe Vestynden held >£lOper annum, by mer, that King's writ to the Treasurer of the letters patent under tire great stal^ till reward- Exchequer, directhig the payment of GOO ed with an office ; this was granted to him by marks for life to Guido de Bryan, for his gal- Edward IV. for the good and agreeable ser- lant behaviour in the last battle against the vice (which says the record) he did unto us, in French, near Calais, and for his prudent bear- beryng and holdyng of oure standard of the ing of the standard there against the said ene- black bull, at the batayl of Siierborue, in E!- inies, and there strenuously, powerfully, and niett. Rot. Pari. erectly sustaining it. N SHELFUAXGER. 90 SIIELFIIANGER, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. John, son of Bartholomew de Aveyleres held a certain serjeanty in the town of Shelf hanger in the county of Norfolk, and in Brome and Everwarton in the county of Suffolk, by the service of being Marshal of the foot soldiers of the counties of Norfolk and Suf- folk in the King's army in Wales, when the King should happen to JTO thither with his army, at the costs of the counties aforesaid*. SUnON, COUNTY OF BEDFORD. Alexander de Summersham holds half a knight's fee in the town of Sutton in the county of Bedford, of our lord the King in capite, by the serjeanty of being in his proper person Avith our lord the King, wheresoever he should be in war-j^, in England or else^ Avhere :J;. * Johannes filius Bartholomaei de Avyleres tenuit qiiandam serjantiam in villa de Shelf- hanger in com. Norf. et in Brome et Ever- warton in com. Suffolk, per serjantiam essendi Mareschallus pedilum com. Norf. et Suff. in exercitu doinini Regis in Wallia, cum conti- gerit dominum Regem ibidem ire cum exer- citu; sumptibns commitatuum prjedictorum. ria. Coron. de ann. 14 Edvv. I. Hot; 3. Noy{. Blount, 63. -\- hi Bibl. Cott. Tiberius, E. viii. is a ma- tiuscript, written about the time of Henry VIII. wherein, among divers military arrangements, is one entitled the " Order of a kynge, if he en- tered to fyghte." " The kyngc, arrayed in his own coat of amies, must be on horseback, on a good horse, covered also with his amies; tlie kynge must also wear a crown npon his head-piece." Henry V. wore his crown at the battle of Agincourt, part of it was cut off by the Duke of Alen9on, with a stroke of his sword. King Richard III. wore his crown at the battle of Bosworth, which was, according to Rapin and others, after his death, found i* the field of battle by a soldier, who brought it to the Lord Stanley. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i. p. 102, note(d). J Alexander de Summersham tenet dimi- dium feodum militis in villa de Sutton (in com. Bedf.) de domino Rege in capite per serjantiam essendi in propria persona cum domino Rege, ubicunque fuerit in guerra, in Anglia,seu alibi. PJa. Corou. 15 Edw. I. Blount, 37- NORTH- 91 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE In tlie 12th of King Henry II. anno 1165, Richard do Lizurcs was certified to be forester in fee to the King for Northamjiton.shiro^ and was by his office obUged to attend him in his army, well fitted with horse and arms, his horn hanging about his neck*. WILCOMSTOWE, (WALTHAMSTOW TONY) COUNTY OF ESSEX. About the 12th year of King John, 1211, Ral[)h de Toany hohls Wilcomstowe by serjeanty of going in his proper person with our lord the King to his army j-. OVENHELLE, COUNTY OP KENT. Sir Osbert de Longchamp, Knight, hokls certain land which is called Ovenhelle, in the county of Kent, by the service of following our lord the King in his army into Wales forty days, at his own costs, with a horse of the price of five shillings, a sack of the price of sixpence, and with a needle (brochia) to the same sack X- LEGRE, COUNTY OF ESSEX. William Fitz-John holds a tenement in Legre by the serjeanty * Lib. Rub. Scacc. tit. Nortliamptonshire. quandam terram quae vocatur Ovenhelle in Blount, 13. com. Kanciae, per servitium quod debet exequi f Rad'us de Toany tenet Wilcomstowe per dominum Regem in exercitu suo usque iu serjantiam eundi in propria persona cum do- Walliam xl diebus propriis sumptibus, cum mino Rege in exercitum. Lib. Rub. Scacc. uno equo precii v s. et cum uno sacco precii tit. Hertford. Essex. Append, to Brady's Li- vi d. et cum brochia ad eundem saccum. In troduct. p. 22. Rot. Hundred, anno 3 Edw. L Rot. 7. Kane. JOsbertus de Longchamp, Miles, tenet Blount, Gl. >-2 of 92 of going in the army to Wales with our lord the King, with one horse, a sack, and a needle (brocha) *. MAPERDESIIALE, COUNTY OF BEDFORD. Land in Maperdeshale in the county of Bedford, is held in ca- pite by the service of being in the King's war, Avith a horse, not appraised, an habergeon (or coat of mail) a sword, a lance, an iron head-piece (or helmet), and a whittle at his own proper costs -f-. UPTON, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. Geoffrey de la Grave holds one yard land in Upton in the county of Gloucester, by serjeanfy of following our lord the King in his army in England, with a bow and arrows, at his own cost, for forty days; and afterwards, at the cost of om' lord the King:]:. SIBERTOFT, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON. This manor was held by Nicholas le Archer, by the service of carrying the King's bow through all the forests in England §. * Willielmus filius Joliannis (tenet) tene- nientuiii in Legre per serjantiam eundi in ex- ercitum in VValliam cum domino Rege cum uno equo, sacco, et brocha. Lib. Rub. Scacc. tit. Essex. Hertford. Append, to Urady'slii- troduct. p. 22. -j- Terra in Maperdeshale in com. Bedford teneturin capile perservitium es.sendi inguerra Regis cum uno equo non appreciate, una ha- bergione, gladio, lancea (so it should be •amended for lanera), capelo ferreo, et uno cul- tello, stimptibus suis propriis. Pasch. 14 Edw. II. dors. Blount, 31. ;j: Galfridus de la Grave tenet unam virga- tam terra; in Upton in com. Glouc. per ser- jantiam quod debit sequi dominum Regeni in cxercitu suo in Anglia cum arcu et sagittis ad custum suum propriuip per XL dies, et postea ad custum domini Regis. Pla. Itin. de anno 5 Hen. HI. Glouc. Blount, 56. § Camd. Brit. 524. Compl. Copj'bolder, 502 HASHWELL, )3 HASIIWELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Simon de Hashwell holds a certain tenement in the town of Ila.shwell in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of being a spear- man of our lord the King *. The spear or lance is among the oldest weapons recorded in history, and is nearly coeval with the sword or bow, and even seems a much more obvious weapon than the latter, probably originating in a pole or stake, sharpened at one or both ends, afterwards armed with a head of flint, and in process of time, on the discovery and use of metals, Avith copper, brass, or iron. Flint heads for both spears and arrows are frequently found in England, Scotland, and Ireland, as are also spear, javelin, and arrow heads, of a metal, nearly resembling brass. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 275. MOLESEY, COUNTY OF SURREY. Walter de Molesey holds his land in 3Iolesey of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of being his Balistar §*§ in his army for forty days at his own costs ; and if he should stay longer, at the costs of the King'f-. ?j*§ He that shot in the engine called balista, or a cross-bowman. Blount. * Simon de Hashwell tenet quoddam tene- istendi Balistarius domini Regis in exercitu inentum in villa de Hashwell' in com. Essex, suo, per xl dies, ad custum suum propnum, per serjantiam essendiHastilarius domini Regis. et si amplius ibi nioram fecerit, ad custum do- Pla. Coron. 13 Edw. I. Essex. Blount, 52. mini Regis. Pla. Coron. 39 Hen. lU. Rot, t Walter de Molesey tenet terram suam de 29. dorso. Surrey. Blount, 57. domino Rsge in Moksev, per serjantiam ex-« WOL- 94 WOLBEDING, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. John de Arundell of WoIbedin«;, holds the manor of Wolbeding in capite of our lord the King by the serjeanty of carrying tlie banner of the footmen |§:{: of the county of Sussex througli the middle of Sussex, when it should happen that the King passed in the time of war through the midst of the county of Sussex*. 4;§+ Vexillum Peditum. An ensign, or foot colours. Blount. ;J.§|. The colours of the foot, frequently by the old writers stiled ensigns, are square, but larger than the banners or standards of the horse ; they are fixed on a spear ; formerly there was a stand of colours to every company ; they were in time of action guarded by two ranks of halberdiers. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 53. LAUNCESTOX, COUNTY OF CORNWALL. Uobert Ilurdino^ holds an acre of land and a bake-house in the town of the Castle of Lanccveton, by the serjeanty of being in the Castle of Lanceveton with an iron helmet and a Danish hatchet^ for forty days in the time of war, at his own proper costs ; and after the forty days, if the lord of the castle ♦ Johannes de Arundell de Wolbeding tenet sex, cirni conligeiit doniinum Regem tran- nianeriuni de Wolbeding in capite de domino sitiim facere tempore guerras per medium co- Rege per serjantiam deferendi vexillum pe- mitatus Siissexiae. Pla. Cor. 16 Edw. I. Rot. ditum de comitatu Sussex, per medium Sus- 67. dorso. Sussex. Blount, 83. chooses 95 cliooses to detain him In the same castle, it Avas to be at the cost of the said lord *. ^ Hachet Denesh. A Danish hsitchet or pole-ax. Blount. In Rotul. Hundred, ii. 99. the words are Ilackam Denoscham. BROM, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. Bartholomew de Avylers holds land in Brom in the county of Suffolk, by the serjeanty of leading the foot soldiers of that county into Wales, as often as it should happen that the King should go into those parts with his army -f. NARBOROUGH, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Thomas Spelman, son of John, who died the 12th of March, 1st Elizabeth, 1558, is said, in the Inquisition, to have held the manor of Narborough, with the third part of the advowson of the church, &c. of our lady the Queen, as of her manor of Win- grave (Wirmegay) by knight's service, and by paying fourteen shillings for Wayte-fee 11*11, and Castle guard. And it was wortk yearly clear <£31. 17s. I0:|:d. as appears in the schedule of livery of John Spelman his brother :|:. ini Thi^ * Robertus Hiirding tenet unam acram t Barthol. de Avylers tenet terratn in Brom^ terrae et unutn furnum in villa Gastri de Lan- in com. Suffolk, per serjaiitiam ducendi pe- ceveton, nomine serjantiae essendi in Castro dites istius comitatus in Walliam, quoties- de Lanceveton cum uno capello ferreo et una cunque contigerit domimim Regem ire ad. Hachet Denesh, per XL dies, tempore guerra;, partes illas cum exercitu. Plac. Coron. de ad custum suum proprium, et post XL dies. An. 14 Edw. I. Rot. 6. iu dorso. Suffolk, si douiinus castri velit ipsum tenere in eodem Blount, 77. castro, erit ad castas ipsius domini. Pla. Co- J Thomas Spelman (qui obiit 12. Martii 1. lonse de An. 12 Edw. I, Cornub. Blount, 54. Eliz.)dicituriD Inquisitioue tenuisse Dianerium. d« 96 11*11 This Wayte-fee I suppose may be money paid by the tenant, in lieu of his waiting, or attendance at the castle. Blount. BURGII ON THE SANDS, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND. The Barony of Burgh on the Sands in the county of Cumberland, with divers other manors and lands in that county, were antiently held by the service of Cornage [j] *. Lands were given to various settlers in those parts, to hold by the service of blowing such horns, and being bound to go, at the Kino's command, with his army into Scotland; in which they were to be stationed in the van-guard, going, and in the acre-ward returning j-. [+] To blow a Horn when any invasion of the , Scots was perceived. Blount. 1.ANCASTER. Roger de Ilesam holds two carucates of land, by the service of sounding his horn when tbe JKLin^ enters or leaves the county of Lancaster!:, de Narborough in com. Norfolk cum tertia * Reg. c!e Holm Coltrain. Blount, IS. parte advocationis ecclesiae, &c. de domina f Camd. Brit. tit. Picts Wall. Itegina lit de manerio sue de VVirmegay per t Rogerus de Hesam tenet duas carucatas servitium militare, et per redditum xivs. pro terrae, per servitium sonandi coriiu suuni Wayt-fee et Castle guard. Et valet clare per quando Rex iiitrat et exit comitatum Lan- anuum ,£xxxiv. xviis. xd. quadrantem. castriit. Pla. apud Lane. 30 lien. HI, Rot. 21- Palet in schedulaliberationis JohannisSpeluian Blount, 5S. fratris sui, 7 Aug. 5 Eliz. Blount, 7. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Wayte-fee. JvIERIvEBY, 97* PARVA SOMEUTON, COUNTY OF DORSET. The family of Erles held the manor of Parva Somerton, or So- merton Erleigh, 1st Edward II. by grand scrjeanly of being the Kino-'s Chamberlain; and 45th Edward III. by the service of pouring water on the King's hands on Easter or Christmas day*. ABINGTON, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. The manor of Downhall, in the reio» of Henry VIII. was an- tiently held by the service of holding the King's stirrup when he mounted his horse at Cambridge Castle -j-. BLECIIESDON, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Anno 1339, 13th and 14th Edward III. an inquisition was taken on the death of Joan, widow of Thomas de Musgrave of Bleches- don, wherein it appears that the said Joan held the moiety of one messuage, and one carucate of land in Blechesdon, of the King, by the service of carrying one shield of brawn [-j^], price two-pence, to the King, whenever he should hunt in the park of Cornbury ; and do the same as often as the King should so hunt, during his stay at his manor of Wodestock ^. {jcl Ilasta porci. A shield of brawn. Kennet's Gloss, to Parooh. Antiq. * Hutcliins's Hist. Dorset, vol. ii. p. 184. dominus Rex, in propria persona sua, fugaverit •j- Lysoii's Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 80. in parco suo de Cornbury, hoc fub intellecto, ;{: Jurati dicunt, quod Jolianna quiE fuit seniel dictam hastani, per se, vel per alium de- uxor ThoniEB de Musgrave, de Blechesdon, ferendo ad primam tugationem suain, pi o toto tenuit medietatem unius messuagii, et unatn tempore quo idem dominus Rex apud niane- carucatam terras, in Blechesdon, de domino rinm suum de Wodestock morani traxerit. Rege, per servitium deferendi domino Regi Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. p. 450. unani hastaca porci, pret. ii d. ; et cum idem * N GUILD- 98* GUILDFORD, COUNTY OF SURREY. Richard Testard held a certain serjeanty in Geldeford, for which he was to be Marshal in the Household of our lord the King, and to dismember condemned malefactors, and measure the gallons and bushels in the Rinjx's household *. BUXSTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. John le Marshall held the manor of Buxston, of the King in ca- pite, as of the barony of Rye, by the service of paying for guarding the Castle of Norwich from six weeks to six weeks, one mark, and for Wayt-fe |l:j:|j, at the said Castle, fifteen shillings, at four quar- terly terms -f: J]§]1 Wayt-fe. Sec note on Narborough. KINGSTON RUSSEL, COUNTY OF DORSET. Nichola, who was wife of Nicholas de Morteshorc, held at her death, 3 Edw. III., this manor for term of life, of the feoffment of Sir William Russel, who held it in chief of the King by serjeanty, to count or tell out the King's chessmen in his chamber, and to put them in a bag when the King should perform the game with him;^;. * Serjantia Rici' Testard, in Geldeford, pro solvend. ad ward. Castri Norwici de sex sept, qua debuit esse Marescair ill liospiciodni Reg', in sex sept., 1 marc, et de \\ ayt-fe ad idem et dismenibrare malefactores in liospicio diii Castrnm los., ad 4 anni terniinos. Esc. anno Regis adjudicatos, et nieiisurare gailones et 10 Edw. I. Ibid. No. 2087, p. 30. bussellos in hospicio diii Regis. Seriantiu;, J Ad narrand. faniiliam Schacliii [the Cbcss- &.C. comitulu SmrciaG tempore Hen. 111. Harl. nienj Regis in camera Regis, et ponend. in MS. Brit. Mus. No. 31 J, p. 23. loculo, cum Rex ludimi siiuni peifecerit. Hut- •f Johannes le Marshall, m. de Buxston, de chius's Hist. Dorset, vol. i. p. 298. R. in caj)itej de baronia de Rje, per servitium ESTLY, 99* ESTLY, COUNTY OF SOUTIIAMITON. Isabella, late wife of Hugh le Dispenser, held the manor of Estly, by the serjeanty of being Chamberlain of the King's Exchequer*. SUTTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER. The manor of Sutton, being within the purlieus of the forest of Macclesfield, was held formerly by the service of free forestery, by which its owner was bound to follow the Kinff's standard in war, with the same arms (bows and arrows) with which he guarded his bailiwick of the forest, and whilst attending in the Avars he was ex- onerated from the custody of his bailiwick -jj: The foresters were entitled to timber and fire wood, within their own districts, with other perquisites, and they had libei'ty of fishing within the forest, and of taking foxes, hares, squirrels, bawsons, (badgers) otters, musketts, and eagles X- MERPHULL AND WIBRESLEGH, COUNTY OF CHESTER Richard de Vernon holds Mcrphull and Wibreslegh, by the ser- vice of free forestery, and he was to come at the summons of our lord the King, and follow his standard, with the same arms with which he kept his bailiwick (of the forest of Macclesfield,) viz. with bows and arrows, and whilst he was in the army he was not to be charged viith the custody of his forest §. STANLE * Isabella, quae fuit uxor Hiigoiiis le Dis- f Woodnoth's Collections, p. 1G2, 123. penser, ni. de Estly, per seiiantiam essendi J MSS. in the possession of David Browne, Camerarius Scaccarij Regis. Esch. anno 34 Esq. Ljsoiis's Mag. But. vol. ii. p. 744. Edw. I. Harl. MS. Cm. Mus. No. 2087, § Kicus de Vernon tenet Merphull ct p. 45. Wibreslegh, per libeiaiu forestar' : et veniet ad N 2 surnmoiitioneui 100* STANLE AND LECIIAMPTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Adam le Despenser held the manors of Stanle and Lechampton, of the King in capite, by the serjeanty of serving him in the office of Steward [j], at Christmas, Easter, and Whitsuntide*. [f] Dispensator. Perhaps a Dispenser, either to distribute alms for the King at these times (which was anciently a custom at certain festivals, or else to pay certain expences as his purse- bearer. E. A Dispenser, a steward or officer that lays out money. Aiiisworth. BOCKHAMPTON, COUNTY OF BERKS. William Hobbshort held an estate in this parish by the serjeanty of carrying the King's horn, when he came to hunt within the hun- dred of Lambourn ')'. WARWICK, At the Norman invasion, was in a very flourishing condition, and had many burgesses (as they were called) twelve of whom were bound to attend the Kings of England in time of war, as appears by Domesday Book, (fol. 238.) He that failed to attend a summons, paid 100 shillings to the King : but if the King went by sea against his enemies, it sent either four botesuenes (batsueins) or ^4 of money (librae denariorum j.) summoiitioneni diii Regis et sequitur vexillum in cap. ac m. de Lechampton, per seriantiam suum cum eisdeni armis (juibus custodiet ball. deserviendi R. in officio Dispensatoris, diebus suam, viz. cum aicubus et sagittis, et dum sit in Natalis, diii Pasclise, et Peiitecostes. Esc. cxercitu non eiit oneratus de custodiam forestie. anno 23 Edvv. I. Ibid. No. 2087, p. fi8. Iiiquis. p. m. Ilamonis Massey, 1(5 Edw. I. f Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 308. Ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2115, p. 137- X Cough's Camd. vol. ii. p. 328. * Adam le Despenser, m. de Stanle, de R. BEKES- 101* BEKESBOURXE, COUNTY OF KENT. In the reign of Henry the Third, as appears from the Testa de Nevil, William de Beke held this manor in grand serjeanly, by the service of finding one ship for the King whenever he passed the seas, and presenting to him three marks *. HAMPSLAP, COUNTY OF BUCKS. Margaret, who was wife of Thomas de Beauchamp, late Earl of Warwick, held the manor of Hampslap, in the county of Bucking- ham, by the service of being one of the Chamberlains of the King's Exchequer -j'. WANSTEDE, COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON. In the twentieth year of King Henry VI. John Wanstede acknow- ledged in the Court of Exchequer, that he held in his demesne, as in fee, a messuage and certain lands in Wanstede, of the King in capite, by the service of finding one Hobeler |||.|1 in the King's Castle of Porchcster, for eight days, at his own cost, in time of war ; and of paying yearly to the King ten shillings ; which service of finding a Hobeler was adjudged to be the service of a grand ser- jeanty +. * Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii. patretn suum tenuisse, die quo obiit, in domi- p. 1096. nico sue, ut de feodo, unam messuagiuni t Margarets, qua? fuit uxor Thomae de Bel- cum curtillagio, &,c. Wanstede, de domino locanipo, nuper Comitis Warwici, m. de Rege in capite, per servitium inveniendi Hampslap, per ser essendi unius Cameiar'. inium hobalerium, in castro dicti domini Scaccarij II. Esc. anno octavo Henrici Quarti. Regis de Porchestre, per octo dies ad custns Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2087, p. 268. suos proprius tempore guerrae, et solvendi an- t Suhamtesire. Johannes Wanstede, tilius iiuatim domino Regi per maniis Constabularii et haeres Johannis AVanslede, defuncti, et cog- Caslri pradicti xs. Madox's Baronia, p. 24G. noscit se modo tenere, et dictum Johaunem |||.|| Hobelers. 102* mil Hobelers. A sort of light horsemen who rode on small nimble horses, with lloht armour, which made them fitter for any ex- peditious service, like our present dragoons. Rennet's Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. ESTWERLDIIAM and NUTTEL, COUNTY OF HANTS. John de Wenoye held a certain serjeanty in Estwerldham and Nuttel, in the county of Southampton, for which he was to bear a Marshal's wand through the year in the household of our lord the King*. ROLLINDRICII, COUNTY OF OXFOPvD. Sir John Hungerford, Knight, son and heir of Sir Thomas Ilun- trerford, Knio-ht, deceased, acknowledged himself to hold, and his said father, the day he died, to have held the manor of Rowland Right, with the appurtenances, in the county of Oxford, by grand serjeanty, viz. by serving our lord the King m his Dispensary [f], when he should be commanded }•. [f] Dispensarium. See note on Upton, vol. i. p. 129. CASTLE RISING, &c. COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Ro<*-er de Montealto, (Monhault) held of the King in capite. * Johannis de Wenoye, in Estwerldham et Thomae Ilungerford, Mil., defimcti, cogii se Nuttel, — pro qua debuit porlare uiiain virgam tenere, et dictum patreui suuni ttnuiisse, diequo Marescalcie per totum annum in hospicio do- obijt, man'r de Rowland Right, cum pertift'. mini Re^is. berjanti*, &c. in com. Suhan- in com. Oxon. per magnam seriantiam ; viz. tone temp. Regis Hen. 111. Harl. MS. Biit. serviendi dtio Regi in dispenas' sua, quando Mus. No. 313, p. 34. precipiatur, &c. Pasch. fin. 17 Hen. Ml. Rot. f Johannes Hungerford,MiIcs,fiIiusetheres fol. 18. lljid. No. 5173, p. 24. the 103* the manors of Castlerislo-li, Snotesham, and Konninorhall, bv the service of beinff his butler*. WINTERBORNE, COUNTY OF WILTS. Gunnore de la Mare held one carucate of land in Winterborne, by the service of being usher of the King's hall j. STURMYNSTER MARSHALL, COUNTY OF DORSET. Thomas Goroes, brother and heir of Bartholomew Gorjjes, held seven messuages, and a third part of two water mills, with the appurtenances, in Sturmynster Mcrshall, &c. of the King in capite, by the service of rendering to the King at every of his arrivals to hunt in the forest of Furboke, one pair of gilt spurs, or six- pence ^. ESEGARSTON, COUxNTY OF BERKS. Lady Hawis de London held the manor of Esegarston, of the King in capite, by serjeanty, viz. as part of Kidwelly, with Wai'e- mestur Kadwelly ; to conduct the vanguard of the King's army as often as he should go into Wales with one, and in returning to bring up the rereward of the said army §. This * Rogerus de Montealto, tenuit de R. in c. ges, temiit septem mess, et tertiam partem duo- m. de Casteliisigh, m. de Snotesham, et m. de rum niolend. aquat' cum peitin' in Sturmjn- Keimingliall, per servitiuni piiKernae. Eso. ster Mersliall, &c. de R, in c. per sersic' redd, anno 0.(5 Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. Mo. Kegi ad quenilibet adventu' suu' venand' in 2087, p. 42. foiesta de Puiboke, unu' par' caicar' deaurat' •f- Gunnore de la Mare, unu carr' terr' in vel sex denar. De termino Michis anno Winterborne, per ser' essendi hostiarius aula xx""" Hen. VIII. Rot. 2. Ibid. No. 5174, p» K. Esc. tempore Hen. lilij Regis Johannis. 44. Ibid. No. 2087, p. 10. § Dm Ilawesia de Loudon tenuit ni. de J Thomas Gorges, frater et heres Barth' Gor- Esegarston, 104* This is singular! but in the Third Part of King Henry VI. act iii. sc. 3. Queen Margaret bids Warwick tell King Edward IV. ; " My mourning weeds are laid aside. " And I am ready to put armour on." It was once no unusual thing even for Queens themselves to ap^ pear in armour at the head of their forces. The suit which Eli- zabeth wore, Avhen she rode through the lines at Tilbury, to en- courage the troops, on the approach of the Armada, may be stiJJ seen in the Tower. See Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare. LYNDESIIULNE, COUNTY OF HviNTS. Sir Henry Moigne, Knight, son and heir of John le Moigne, (or the Monk) gave to the King £'32. 18s. 2d., for his relief of £(5. lis. 4d. rent, with the appurtenances, (amongst other things) in Lynde- schulne, arisino" from the rent of free tenements there held of the King in capite, by grand serjeanly, (to wit) of being the King's Lardinerf, and Caterer, (or Purveyor) in his kitchen*. ^ Lardenarius. See note on Writtel. Esegarston, de R. in c, per seriantiam viz. Johannis le Moigne, dat Regi £32. ISs. 2d, tanquam membru de Kidwelly, viz. cum de nlevio suo de £\7. lis. 4d. redd, cum Waremestur' Kadwelly, ad conducend' ante- pertinentijs, in Lyndeslmliie, provenieii de gard exercit' R. quoties R. ierit in Walliam in redd, liberoriim ten' ibm' tent' de Rege in exercitu, et in rediendo ad conducenduni re- capite, per niagnani serjantiain, scil. essendi trogardam dci' e.xercitus. Escaet. de anno Liirdenariiis fJegis, et Emptor coquinje Regis. 1 Edw. I. llarl.MS. Brit. Ivlus. No. 2087, De termino Pasciie, a°. 39 E 177. Lysons's No. 5174, p. 23. Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 366. * Esch. Edw. III. the lop* the county of Buckingliam, held it of our lord the King by grand serjeanty, viz. by the service of finding for our lord tlie King a Lardiner ^, at his own proper costs *. ^ Lardenarius. See note on Writtel. STANTON, COUNTY OF WILTS. Reginald Fitz Piers, (amongst other things) held the manor of Stanton, in the county of Wilts, of the King, in capite, by the ser- vice of being constable (for his lands held in parcenery) in the King's arnly-j^ CHESHANGER, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Bartholomew de Avelers held, (amongst other things) in Ches- iianger, one messuage and sixty acres of land by this serjeanty, viz. that he should be constable of the foot soldiers in Norfolk and Suffolk, when the King should go with an army into Wales .|. * Will' de Monteacuto, qui tenet in com. Buk. maneriuin de Aston Clinton, tenet de diio Rege per grand seriantium, viz. per servitiuin inveniendi dno Regi un' Lardinar', proprijs suis suniptibus etc. Inquis. W. de Montagu, anno 13 Edw. II. No. 31. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. 6126. ■f Regirialdus filius Petri, tenuit m. de Stanton, in com. AVilt' de R. in c, per ser. constabuIari% in exercitu Regis, pro parce- neria sua. Esc. anno 13 Edw. I. Ibid. No. 20S7, p. 32. J Barth'us de Avelers, tenuit in Cheslianger, ununi messuagium et sexaginta acras terroe, de Rege in capite, per seriantiain talem, viz. q'd erit constabularius pedituni NorfT. et Suff. quando Rex ibit cum exercitu in Wallia. Esc. anno 4 Edw. I. Ibid. No. 821, p. 15. WIGGEBER 110^ WIGGEBER AND PEGGENES, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. Richard de Wiggeber held in capite of our lord the King, the day he died, one carucate of land in Wiggeber, and a carucate of land in Peggenes, by the service that the said Richard and his heirs should be ushers of the King's hall in fee *. SIIEEiN, (NOW RICHMOND) COUNTY OF SURREY. This manor, in the reign of King John, was the property of Michael Belet, who held it by the service of being the King's butler, it having been granted to his ancestors, with that office annexed, by Henry I. -f IIUXTHON, COUNTY OF BERKS. Ralph Russel held one carucate of land in Iluxthon, in the county of Berks, of the King in capite, by knight's service, and by the service of bearing one cup before the King on Christmas- day X. * Ricus de Wiggeber, tenuit in c. de d. R. butler to Michael Belet, with the lands which die quo obijt, in Wiggeber, 1 car. terr. et in his ancestors enjoyed. Tliis office was esteemed Peggenes, 1 car. terr. per servic'. q'd predictus of a very honourable nature, and the Belets Ricus et heredes sui, deberent esse Ostiar' dn'i appear to have had a seat in parliament. See R. de Aula sua de feodo. Anno 55° Hen. III. Dugdale's Baronage. Lysons's Environs, vol. Harl. MS. Brit. Miis. No. 4120. p. 11. i. p. 'i36, 7. f No. 313. Hail. MS. Brit. Mus. f. 21, % Radus Russel tenuit j caruc. terr. in called a transcript of kuiglils fees, and other Huxthon, in com. Berk, de R. in capite, per tenures of lands, and also of escheats and servic' militare, et per servic' portandi unam wards belonging to the crown in the reign of coupam die Natalis dni coram R. Esc. anno Hen. ni. and King John. There is a charter R. R. E. primi. 39. Hail. MS. Brit. Mus. No. in the Tower whicii coutirms the office of 708, p. 4. TAXALL IIP TAXALL, COUNTY OF CHESTER. It appears by the depositions of some old persons, taken in the year 1720, that the manor of Taxall was anciently held by the ser- vice of blowing a horn on Midsummer-day, at a high rock near Taxall, called Windgather. And that there w as a tradition that the lord of this manor Mas to hold the King's stirrup, and rouse the staor, when he should come to hunt in Macclesfield forest *. AYLENETON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. William de Broy held a certain serjeanty in Ayleneton, for which he ought to follow our lord the Iving in his army, within the county of Hereford, at his proper costs, so long as our lord the King should be there, and without the same county, at the cost of the King, to wit, for every day twelve pence -f-. "f. COTE AjJD ASTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Rol)ert de Elenorde held, the day be died, in his demesne, as of fee, fifty-two acres of land, and six acres of meadow, in Cote and Aston, of the King in capite, by the service of being with a bow and arrows, or any other weapons, in every of the wars of our lord the King, within England, for forty days, at his proper costs J. HESCHIN, * Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 801. eundem ad custum diii Regis scilicet quolibet ■}• Seriancia— VVill'mi de Broy de Ayleneton die pro xij d. De Serjanciis temp. Henrici Rc- ,pro qua debuit sequi d'lim Regem in exercitu gis filii Regis Johannis» Harl. MS. Brit. »uo infra com. Hereford, ad custum propriu' Mus. No. 6765, p. 21. <[uamdiu diis Rex ibm. fuerit et extra com. ;{: Robertusde Elenorde tenuit die quo obijt, in 112* HESCHIN, COUNTY OF LANCASTER. WIman Gernet holds two carucates of land of our lord the King in Heschin, by the service of coming towards the King at the borders of the county, with his horn and white wand, and of conducting him into the county, and of remaining Avith him, and also of re-con- ducting him, and it is worth five marks *. GUEDDING, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. Roger Malharteis holds two carucates of land at Guedding, by the serjeanty of keeping watch about our lord the King -]•. WITHAM, COUNTY OF ESSEX. By an enquiry made in the reign of Henry III., it appears that one Geifrey de Lyston held land in Witham, by the service of carrying flour to make wafers on the King's birth-day, whenever his Majesty was in the kingdom. in dnico suo ut de feodo, lij acr terr. vj acr. cont' diim ad fines com' cu cornu suo & alba prati, in Cote et Astone, de R. in capite, per virga & ducendi euin in coin' & esse cu eo gt servic' essendi cum arcu et sagiltis sive aliqua iteriim reducendi eum & valet v niic. Testa de alia armatura in qual't gueira diii R. infia Nevill, p. 372. Angl. per XL dies, ad custiim suum propria'. f Guedding. Rogerus Malharteis tenet ij car' Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 821, p. 8. per s'jant' custod. vigil' circa diim R. Ibid. p. * VVimanus Gernet tenet duoscaruc' terre de 50. idno Rege iu Hescliiii, per serviciu veniendi KIERKEBY, 97 KIERKEBY, COUNTY OF WESTMORELAND. Adam de Kierkebi held four acres of land there by Cornage *. TOTTENHAM, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. The family of Gredney held the manor of Pembroke in Totten- ham, in the county of Middlesex, as of the honour of Huntingdon, l^y the grand serjeanty of giving the King a pair of spurs of silver ffilded, when the King should take on him the order of kniofht- hood f-. * Mag. Rot. 3. T. Rot. 18. b. Westmerie- f Weever's Fun. Monum. 304. land, tit. Nova Oblata. Madox Excliecq. 458. CAP. 08 CAP. II. OF PETIT SERJEANTY SECT. I. A Definition of the Tenure by Petit Se?jeantf/. nnENURE by Petit Scrjeanty is where a man holds his land of our sovereign lord the King, by giving to him yearly a bow, or a sword, or a dagger, or a knife, or a lance, or a pair of gloves of mail, or a pair of gilt spurs, or an arrow, or divers arrows, or other small tliinos belono-inir to war*. And such service is but socage in effect, because such tenant, by his tenure, was not obliged to go, or do any thing, in his proper person, touching the war ; but to render and pay, yearly, certain things to the King, as a man paid a rent -j^. Note, a man cannot hold by Grand Serjeanty, or by Petit Ser* jeanty, but of the King, &c. X * Ijttletou's Tenures, lib. ii. cap. Q. sect, t Ibid. sect. l60. 159. t Ibid. sect. l6l. The 99 The reservations upon this tenure bein. Blount, 14. dear to be generally worn: there are still many t It is not to be supposed that before tiiat specimens of Koman plate armour in the niu- time plate armour was unknown; history af- seums of the curious. Note (^ii) to Milit. fords us plenty of instances to the contrary; Antiq. p. 104. Ijut probably, it was in the earlier periods too [If] The lOJ [^] The visor was opened to obtain a less obstructed si^lij, and the bever to enable the wearer to converse more freely, and to eat or drink ; their use is pointed out hy their names. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i. p. 104, note (i). [j] The halecret (or halceret) was a kind of coreelet of two pieces, one before and one behind ; it was lighter tlian the cuirass. Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 250. l_'\-f] The cuirass covered the body before and behind ; it consisted of two parts, a breast and back piece of iron, fastened together by means of straps and buckles, or other like contrivances. They were originally, as the name imports, made of leather, but afterwards of metal, both hrass and iron. Ibid. p. 249. Some- times the part which covers the neck, and connects the helmet and cuirass, is fi.ved to the former, sometimes it is separate, and is then calied a gorget, of which see a representation in plate 26, fig. 4. Ibid, note (i). [^] To the back-piece of the cuirass, for the protection of the loins, was hooked on a piece .of armour called garde des reins, or cnlettes ; and the breast-piece was occasionally strengthened by an additional plate called a plaquet. IbicL p. 2o2. mil To the cuirass were buckled the armour for the shoulders and arms, the first called pouldrons, the second brassarts, garde bras, les avant bras, and corruptly in l^^ngiish vambraces. The vanibraces included all .the defence lor the arms from xha pouldrons to the Avrist. Ibid. [*] Pouldrons, ai"mour for the shoulders, see note above, ibid. 102 BAINTON, COUNTY OF YORK. In the second year of King Echvard II. Peter de Mauley was found to be seised of the manor of Bainton, with the advowson of the church, by the service of finding two Knights and four Es- quires |]§11 in the King's army for forty days, in time of war ; and to provide a steward to do suit for him at the King's court at York, from six weeks to six weeks *. |]§|i In the wardrobe account of the 28th of King Edward I, A.D. 1300, pubhshed by the Society of Antiquaries, it appears that the daily pay of a knight was 2s. and that of an esquire 12d. ; both were oblioed to have barded horses ; those who had them not, or neglected to have them mustered and appreciated, had part of their pay struck off, of M'hich an instance occurs of an esquire of the name of John de Clothale, who instead of 12 d. received only 8d. per diem, till his horse was mustered and appreciated |-. Grose's Milif. Antiq. vol. i. pp. 272, 273. STAFFORD, BRADELEY, axd MADELEY, COUNTY OF STAFFORD. Edmund Lord Stafford held the manors of Stafford, Bradeley, and Madelcy, in the county of Stafford, of the King in capite, by * Escaet. -O EcKv. II. n. 34. Blount, GG. a G4 die Decembr', quo die equus suus fuit ap- •f- Johanni de Clothale percipient' per diem preciat', usque ultimum diem ejusdem mensis, 8d., quia sine equo appreciate, pro vadiis suis, utroque compiUato, per 8 dies, percipient' per a GO die Novembr' anno presenti incipient' diem IGd. 8s. per manus proprias ibidem, G9 usque G3 diem Decembr', utroque computato, die Decemb. Sumnia 1 1. 10s. 8d. p. Gil. per 34 dies, 229. 8 d. Eidem, pro vadiis suis, barony. 108 barony, by the service of lindins:, for forty days, at his own at his own costs, for forty, days f, WATTON, COUNTY OF HERTFORD. Robert Aguillum holds the manor of Watton, in the county of Hertford, by the serjeanty of finding a foot soldier, whensoever our lord the King should march into Wales, for forty. days, at his own charges 1. EAST * Robertus de Wena tenet tres acras Comu- terrae in villa de Stoke, in com. Glouc. per biensis tenaa in villa de Pengevel, in capite, seijantiam inveniendi domino Regi in e.xercitu de domino Kege, per serjantiam inveniendi Wallite, unum hominem, ciiin arcu et sagittis, quinque soldarios ad Vada Gayte Castri de sumptibus suis propriis, per xl dies. Pla. Lanceveton, &c. Pla. Coron. de ann. 12 Cor. 15 Edvv. I. Glonc. Blount, 57. Edw. I. Corniib. Blount, 55. J Robertus Aguillum tenet manerium de •J- Nicholas le Archer tenet duas carucatas Watton, in com. Hertford, per serjantiam S inveniendi 130 EAST SMITIIFIELD, LONDON. Thomas de Meose holds a messuage, and one Mater-mill, and eight acres of meadow with the appurtenances, in East Smithfifld, by the service of finding for our lord the King, a footman with a bow and arrows, for forty days, at his own charges, in the Tower of London, in lime of war*. NETHER OVERTON, COUNTY OF OXON. Robert de la Sale holds two Yard-lands .|:§|. in Nether Overton, by the serjeanty of finding, in the army of our lord the King, a man bearing an Ensign ^, for forty days, at his own proper costs ; and now it pays a rent at the Exchequer -j-. %X Virgata Terra?. Ten acres of land, according to the old custom, make a Ferdell, (Fardingdeal, or Farundel) and four Ferdells malie a Yard-land %. Yard-land is a quantity of land, different iuveniendi unum liominem ad pedes, 'quando- cunque doniinus Rex vadit in VValliam, per xl dies, sumptibus siiis propriis. Pla. Coron. 6 Edw. I. Rot. 39. Hertford. Blount, 59. * Thomas de Meose tenet unum messua- gium, et unum molcndimim aquaticum, et octo acras prati cum pertin. in East Smith- iield, per servitiuni inveniendi domino Regi fmimi hominem peditem, cum arcu et sagittis, per XL dies, sumptibus suis propriis, in Turri London, tempore gueriae. Pla. Coron. 22 Edw. 1. Blount, GO. •f- Robertus de la Sale tenet diias virgatas terras in Nether Overton, per serjantiam inve- niendi, in exercitu domini Regis, hominem portantem unum penicillum, per quadraginta dies, sumptibus suis ; et modo arrentata est ad Scaccarium. Plac. Coron. 13 Edw. I. Rot. 37- dorso. Blount, 73. ;{; Decern acrse terra; faciunt secundum an- tiquani consuetudinem, unum Ferdellam, et quatuor Ferdellae faciunt Virgatani. MS. Codex. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Virgata Terras. according 131 according to the place or country ; as at Wimbledon in Surrey, it is but fifteen acres, in other counties it is twenty, in some twenty-lour, and in others thirty and forty acres *. The fourth part of an acre, in some phices, is called a Yard-land, and half an acre is a Selion. A f . ^ Penicillum. An ensign, or the colours in an army, or flag. Blount. Ending in a tail or point, and borne by knights bache- lors ; the point being cut off, so as to make the ensign square, it was then called a banner, and the bearer was, by this ceremony, (viz. of cutting off the end of his ensign, and making it a banner) created a banneret in the field. A. * Bract, lib. 2. cap. 10. Jacob's Law Diet. -f- 9 Edw, III. 479- tit. Yard-land. s 2 SECT. J 32 SECT. IV. Of Petit Serjeantics, by finding Horses, &)C. fior the Wars. KINWALDMERSn, COUNTY OF DERBY. Nicholas, son and heir of Sir Nicholas de Longford, Knight, holds four messuages, forty acres of land, ten acres of meadow, and forty shillings rent, with the appurtenances, in Kinwaldmersh, (now called Killamarsh, and formerly Kilwaldmarsh) of the King in capite, by the service of finding one horse, one sack, and one pryk ^, in the war of AVales, whensoever it should happen that the Kins: made war there *. ^ Pryk, signifies a goad or spur, as I suppose, and is elsewhere in Latin called Compunctum. Blount. Pryk, joined with sack, jnust be the same as Brochia, above. A Prick, or Pryk, as anciently written, means sometimes, no doubt, a spur ; the spur formerly consisting of one point instead of five, or more. Blount's Tciuu'es, p. 12.5. Grose on Spui's, in * Niclioliis,filius et hares Nicliolaide Long- cquutn, iinuin saccum, et allium pryk, in ford, Chivalicr, tenet quatuor messtiagia, xl guerra Walliae, quaiKlociiiiquecontigerit Hegem acras tenae, decern acias prati, et xls. red- ibi guenare. Fines iRiclI. Derby. Blount, ditus, cum pertinentiis, in Kinwaldmersh, de 17. Rege in capite, per servitium inveniendi.unuin Archselogia 133 Archoelogia Soc. Antlq. vol. viii. p. 112. seq. Hence, to prick, means to ride, quasi, to prick the horse, or put him on, " A gentle knight was pricking on the plain." Spenser's Fairy Queen. So Fairfax, Tasso iii. 21. vii. 27. ix. 22. Flodden Field, stanza 80. Percy's Songs, i. p. 25. 42 ; and metaphorically, pricked on, Hamlet 1. i. is urjjed on. I suspect, however, that both 3Ir. Blount* and Mr. Grose -}• are mistaken in interpreting the word of a spur or goad, in the terms of the tenure 1. R. II. " per servitium inveniendi unum equum, unum saccum, et unum pryk, in guerra Wallise, quandocunque con- tigerit regem ibi guerrare ;" since, in my opinion, this passage, wherein pryk is joined with saccus, is to be explained by that in p. 26, where the party is to find " unum equum, unum saccum, et unam brochiam in servitio domini Regis in Wallia, ad custuni domini Regis." Pryk is again joined with saccus, p. 41 and 50, and therefore must surely mean in these cases a skewer, to pin up or fasten the mouth of the sack. This explanation seems to be confirmed by that passage, p. G2, where we have " cum uno equo precii vs. et cum uno sacco precii yi d. et cum brochia ad eundem saccum." Brochia here is evidently the same as pryk, from Fr. Broche or spit, and, appertaining to the sack, can never be under- stood of a spur or a goad. See also p. 65. But the matter is still more clear p. 96, where the person that demands the bacon at Wichenour, in Staffordshire, is required to bring " a horse and * Blount's Tenures, p. 1 7. 12o. t Grose's Milit, Autiq. vol. ii. p. '- J8. a saddle. 134 a saddle, a sakke and a pryke, for to convey the said bacon, &c." and it is observable, for a conclusion, that in Ray's North Country words, p. 8. 49, a prick signifies a skewer. What is here said may serve to explain that passage, p. 32, to which Mr. Blount puts a quaere, " per servitiuni inveniondi unum stimulum ferreum pro uno warrocks f super quoddam cloth-sack," from 22 R. II. for stimulus here is not a spur, but as connected with cloth-sack, must mean a skewer; and it appears from hence, that the skewers in question were supposed to be made of iron, and it is termed stimulus, only because this is Latin for a prick, just as a school-boy would render it. We have shewn above, that pryk and brochia are equivalent words ; and therefore when Mr. Blount expounds brochetJus, p. 71, in this passage, " unum equum, et unum saccum, cum uno brochetto," by a little bottle or jug, he errs most egregiously. He was led, however, into this mistake by Sir Henry Spelman, Gloss. v. Brochia, who interprets these words of Bracton, " inveniendi unum hominem, et unum equum, et sacchum cum brochia pro aliqua necessitate, vel utilitate exercitum suum contingente," in this manner, " dictum opinor a Gall, broc, quod lagenam majorem, aut cantharum, significat, plus minus sex sextarios continentem ; ut sit saccus ad deportationem aridorum brochia vero liquidorum," than which nothing: can be more foreio-u from the truth. Great men will sometimes err 11§|[. sius Serv. And mine, my Lord, Both 139 Both Var. Sert. And ours my Lord. Philotus. All our bills. Tim. Knock me down with 'em : cleave me to the girdle." Tinion quibbles. They present their written bills ; lie catches at the word, and alludes to the bills or battle-axes which the ancient soldiery carried, and were still used by the watch in Shakspeare's time. Note. And in King Lear, act iv, sc. G. Lear. " There's my gauntlet; FU prove it on a giant. Bring up *' the brown bills." A bill was a kind of battle-axe affixed to a long staff. Note, in Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare. Also, in the old ballad of Chevy Chace ; (see Percy's Relics of ancient Poetry, vol. i. p. 6.) " At the laste a squyar of Northombelonde " Lokyde at his hand full ny, " lie was war alh the doughetie Doglas comynge ; " With him a myghte meany, " Both with spear, byll, and brande, " Yet was a mio-hti sio-ht to se : " Hardyar men both off hart nar hande " Wear not in Christiante." Byll, bill, an ancient kind of halbert, or battle-ax. Gloss. IJi^ Brochia. Vide page 110. E. T 2 SPRINGSEND, 110 vSPRINGSEND, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Peter the Marshall holds a certain tenement in Springsend in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of keeping one palfrey in the stable of our lord the King, at the costs of the King*. TEV-MAGNA, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Robert de Trunipeton holds half a carucate of land in Tey- Magna in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of finding for our loi'd the King, one horse, and one.}.*:]: sack of hemp, and one broch in the King's army in Wales, for forty days, at his own pro» per costs f-. The land held by Robert de Trumpeton, is now the property of Thomas Astle, Esq. the lord of the manor, who pays a crown-rent in lieu of the service. The tenants of this manor, now pay to Thomas AsUe, Esq. the lord, a rent of tliirty shillings per annum, in lieu of Ouziell^. The tenants of this manor w«re formerly bound to maintain a itumber af hawks for the lord's use, till they were a year old. This service hath long been turned into the above rent of thu'ty shillings. * Petrus le Marshall tenet quoddam tenc- rucatam terrae m Tey-Magna in com. Essex, mentutn in Springsend in com. Essex, per ser- per serjantiani inveniendi domino Regi, unum iantiam custodieudi unum palfridum in stabulo equum, et unum saccum de canabe, et unam domini Regis, suniptibus ipsius domiui Regis. brochiam, in exercitu domini Regis in Wal- Pla. Coron. 13 Edw. I. Essex. Blount, 53. liam, per xl dies sumptibus suis propriis. + Ro bertus de Trumpetou tenet diniid. ca- Ibid. Blount, 63. :l:*.l:Unum 141 1*± Unum Saccum de Canabe, ct unam Brochiam. A bao- mado of hempen cloth or canvas, and a jug or bottle to carry drink, ^ee Morton. Blount. Sed. vide p. 110. 4^*+ Brochia. Its combination here " with sack and broch," the more and more convinces that it means a Fibula, or sort of buckle without which the sack either could not be fastened or fixed on any carriage. Vide p. 135. ^ Ouziell. Ouzell (young birds) is a diminutive of ouseaux, the obsolete French word for oiseaux. Birds *. % Ouzell. Tlie term ouzel does not apply to young birds. It is the name of a genus of birds comprehending the blackbirds and thrushes, classed by Linnseiis under the name of turd us. This tribe are destructive to fruit, and were served up at all royal feasts. May ouziell not mean the obligation either to furnish ouzels for the table, or to protect the gardens and vine- yards by destroying them, or can it be to supply them for tlie aviary ? W, This bird is spoken of in the Midsummer Night's Dream, act lii, sc. 1. where Bottom sings, " Tlie ousel-cock, so black of hue, " With orange tawney bill, " The throstle with his note so true, " The wren with Kttle quill." * Letter from Thomas Astle, £sq. to the Editor, 27th Nov, 17S2. The 142 The ouzel-cock is generally understood to be the cock blackbird ; but the ouzel differs from the blackbird by having- a white crescent upon the breast, and is, besides, rather larger. Note, in Chal- mers's edit, of Shakspeare. RODE, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON. Robert Maunscl holds forty acres of land, with the appurtenances in Rode, in a certain place called Somcrhale and Lidgate, of the honour of Peverell, by the serjeanty of finding for our lord the King in his war in Wales, when it should happen, one horse of the price of five shillings, and one sack of the price of four-pence half-penny, with one Brochett jl§||, for forty days, at his own proper costs *. Il^ll Brochettum. A little bottle or jug. Blount. Diminutive of brocha or brochia. A . This confirms the note on brochia above, as the sack being small, required only a small fibula, buckle, brochett, or clasp, and they are also connected tog-ether in unum saccum cum uno bro- chetto. BULEWELL, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Roo-cr Rastall held lands in Bulewell in the county of Notting- ham, of the King, by the service of paying every year, a horse with a hultcr't-. * Robeitus Maunsel tenet xl acras teria^, precil qiiinque solidorum, et unum saccum cum perlin. in Rode, in riuod;nn loco vocato precii ivd. ob. cum uno broclietto, perquadra- Somerhale et Lidgate, de liouore Peverelii, ginta dies, sumptibus suis propriis. Inq. 13, per serjaiitiam inveniendi domino Regi, in Job. Rot. 35. 131ount, 71. oueira sua Wallia-, cum accideiit, unum equum f Testa de Nevill. Blount, 88. BRUN- 143 BRUNNESLEY, COUNTY OF NOrriNGIIAM. Gilbert de Brunncsley hold lauds in Brunncsloy in tlic counlv of Nottingham, of the honour of Peverell, by serjeanty of finding a horse of five shillings price, with a sack and broach, and an halter of an halfpenny price, for forty days, at his own cost, in the King's army in Wales *. WYLEWEBY, now WILLOUGIIBY, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Reginald de Colewyke, for the serjeanty of Wyleweby, owes to om* lord the King, in his army in Wales, one horse of the price of three shillings and four-pence, and one sack with a broch, and one horse collar, with a canvas cloth j|§|| of the price of one penny j-. jl§|| Capistrum cum Canabo. Blount. BADEW, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Robert the Marshall, about the time of King Henry H. held one Hide ^ of land in Badew by the serjeanty of keeping the King's palfrey +. ^ Ilida Terrse. In a manuscript law book, written by Ambrose Couper, Esq. a student in one of the Inns of Court, in the year * Testa de Nevill. Blount, 88. Rob. de Paselew, tempore Heu. III. Blount, •J- Reginaldus de Colwyke^ pro serjantia de 131. Wileweby debet domino Regi, in exercitu sue in J Robertus Marescallus unam hidam in Waliia, unum equuni precii iii s. iv d. et unum Badew, per serjantiam custodiendi palefridum jaccum cum brochia, et imam Capistrum cum Regis. Append, to Brady's Introduct. p. 23- canabo, precii i d. De serjautiis arentatis per 1570, 144 1579, now belonging to Francis Ferrand Foljambe, Esq. of Ald- warke, near Rotherliam, Yorkshire, it is laid down as a rule, that a hide of land consisted of 160 acres, and was made up of the following parts, viz. ten acres make a ferundel, or farding- deal, four ferundels make a yard-land, and four yard-lands a hide. So four hides, it is said, or 040 acres, made a knight's fee. And that when a knight's fee was taxed at, or paid 40s. then a yard-land of forty acres paid 2s. 6d., half a yard-land I5d., a ferundel 7^d., and an acre |. And so dcxl, acres of land made one great knight's fee, which paid for a relief c s. * '^ Yet, notwithstanding the positive as.«ertion in Mr. Couper's MS. of the quantity of land contained in a hide, the learned Selden as positively asserts that the quantity was doubtless uncertain. He says it regularly was, and is, as he thinks, as much land as might be well manured with one plough, together with pasture, meadow, and wood, competent for the maintenance of that plough ami the servants of the family ; and his observation is certainly very just that it must of necessity be various, accord- ing to the nature of the soil, and custom of husbandry in every country. lie also cites a record, which shews that it had been uncertain for ages before he wrote, which is from an old court book of the manor of Cranfield, parcel of the possessions of the Abbey of Ramsay, where the homage at a court of survey held there in the time of Henry III. said, they did not know how * Sciendum est quod magnum ftod. niilitis una virgafa terrae XL acrar. ii s. vid.. et prO' constat ex qiuitiior hidis, et mva hida ex. qua- dimid. viigat. terrae xv d. et pro ferundel. \ 1 1 d. tuor virgatis terra', et una virgata terrae ex ob. et pro una acra ob. q. Et sic dcxl acr. quatuor ferundel. et una ferundel ex decern \ertx faciuiit unum nraonum feodum miiitia, acris. Et sciendum est qnod qnando dabitur quod ad releviuns c 3. ad Stat, pro mugno food, niilitis XL s. tunc pro many 145 many acres made a Yard-land, because sometimes forty-clo-ht acres, and sometimes fewer made a yard-land, and that four yard-lands made a hide *. SECT. V. Of Petit Scrjeanties by Jinding Anns for the King m his JVars, ^t. CARLETON, COUNTY OF NOrflNGIIAM. Edmund Willougbby held one messuage and six bovats:^*]: of land in Carleton, in the county of Nottinoham, as of the manor of Shelford, by the service of one cntapulta^ by the year for all ser- vices fv '^*X Bovata TerrEG. A bovate of land, is as much as one ox can plow in a year. Blount. A bovate or oxgaug of land contains, in general, only about fifteen acres in the county of York, but varies according to the dilTerence of soil. See Hide, p. 143. E. ff Catapulta. Was an ancient warlike engine to shoot darts. Blount. f It was an engine of Roman origin, niore properly used for throw- ing large stones, or driving off a flight of arrows. It acted as a lever, one end being so fixed in a twisted rope that the twist * Seidell's Titles of Honour, 622. servitium uuius catapulta; per annutT< proonini- ■y Edniundiis Willoughby tenuit uiium mcs- servitio. Lib. Sclied. 14 lien. IV. Aott. suagium et sex bovatas terra;, in Carlton in fo. 210. Blount, 3, com. Isott. ut de manerio de Sbelfoid, per XJ was UQ was increased by drawing- back the other end, in which was a socket for the stone, and when suddenly let go, the rope acted as a powerfid spring in drawing back the lever, which being checked by a cross rope just when at the extent of its sphere of action, projected tlie stone widi great force. To throw arrows they were placed in a board, with their knocks projecting, which, beino- struck by the lever, upon the same principle, were con- stantly propelled. W. SLOLEY, COUNTY OF WARWICK. Richard Sloley held of the King in capite, one messuage and four acres of land, in Sloley, in the county of Warwick, by ser- jeanty, that is, by giving to the King, upon every expedition with an army toAvards Scodand, one pole-ax f, or twelve-pence in silver for all services*. f The pole-ax differs very litde from die battle-ax, except in name ; some derive its appellation from that kind of ax being much used in Poland-, and say, that its true name is the Polish-ax ; some again deduce it from its supposed use, which was to strike at the head or poll ; and others say it is called a pole-ax, from being fixed on a long pole or handle. Grose's Miht. Antiq. vol. i. p. 123. POLE, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND. William Montacute obtained a orant from Kiuff Edward IIF. of the manor of Pole, with the advoAVSon of the church, in the county of Cumberland, paying the King, his heirs and successors, where- * Escaet. 9 Hen. V. No. 17. Blount, 1 k soever soever he or they should happen to be, a sword of tliree shillino-g and four-pence price, in lieu of all services *. DRAKELOW, COUNTY OF DERBY. William de Greselej holds the manor of Drakelow, in the county of Derby, in capite, and pays one bow, without a string, and one quiver of Tutesbir ^, and twelve arrows, fledged, or feathered 1|§1I, and one unfeathered §*§. j- f Pharetra de Tutesbit. Qutere, the meaninj^ of Tutesbir ? The Avord in the Testa de Nevil is Tutesbir, probably for Tutbury. I am inclined to think Tutesbit, or Tutesbir, is not the name of a place, but some particular material used for making qui- vers. W. Il§ll Sagittas Flectatas. Fledged or Feathered arrows. E. §*§ Buzonem. See p. 120. IIOMET, IN NORMANDY. King Henry V. granted to Sir Waller Hungerford, the castle and barony of Homet in Normandy, in special tail ; renderino- to the King and his heirs, one lance, Avith a fox-tail hanging thereat, yearly, u})on the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, and find- ing ten men at arms, and twenty archers, to serve him or his lieu- tenant during his wars with France j:. * Carta. Edvv. III. No. 26. Blount, 12. iinum buzonem. Veredict. de singulis Wa- f William de Greseley tenet nianerium de pent, in com. Nott. et Derb. Blotuit, 15. Diakclaw in com. Derby, ui capite, et reddit % Rot. Norrnau. & lien. V. p. 1. m. 2. iinum arcum sine corda, et unam pharetram Blount, I9, de Tutesbir, et duodecem sagittas flectatas, et V 2 LANTON, 148 LANTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. The Baskervills' antiently held lands ihere, in chief, as of the ho- noui' of Mon1o;omery, by the service of givino; the King a barbed- headed arrow, when he came to hunt in Corndon Chace. MORTON, COUNTY OP ESSEX. Edmund Busehe holds lands in Morton, in the eouufy of Essex, of the King in capilc, by the service of finding one iron prick for a warrocks ^, upon a certain cloth sack, Mhensoever our lord the King should ride in the army towards >Vales in the time of war j . ^ AV.arrocks. Sec p. 134. This word is one of those which Mr. Blount docs not attempt to explain, and which he says in his Pre- face, might pose the ablest glossograjdier then living. Notwith- standing which discouraging circumstance, the editor is tempted again to repeat his conjecture that it may mean a Avar-horse, and ouiiht to have been written war-ao;, Avhich the injj-enious and learned author of The Way to Things by Words, &c. p. 31, says, is the radical of the word mark, the ancient British word for a horse. The woi-d nag, Mhicli is still retained as a name for a horse, perhaps ought to be written an ag, having acquired its f)resent form by means of the crasis, so conunon in our language. See Gent. :^Iag. vol. xlvii. p. 320, 372. * Fin. Hil. 20 Edw. III. Blomit, C4. super quoddam cloth-sack, quandocunque do •|- Edniundiis Busehe tenet terras in Mor- minus Rex equitaverit in exercilK versus tm in com. Essex, per servitiuin inveniendi partes Wailix, tempore guerra;. Hil. 22 unuin stimulun» ferreiUTi pro uno warroks, Rk. II. Essex. Blouot, 32. BRUHA3I, 149 BRUnVM, COUNTY OF BEDFORD. Bertram le Wyle holds half a hide of hmd in the town of Bruhani, in the county of Bedford, of our lord the Kinji:, by the serjeanty of paying yearly one pair of bows for a saddle [§] *, [§] Unum par areeonum (dealbat') ad sellam. Qua?re, if it may not signify a pair of (white) saddle-bows, from the French word arceau (arcon), which denotes as much. Blount. TURVEY, COUNTY OF BEDFORD. The prior of Newnham holds half a hide of land in the town of Turvey of our lord the King In capite, by the serjeanty of paying yearly one pair of white bows for a saddle, and that land Mas worth ten shillings a year f. AURI AXD HOLE, COUNTY OF DEVON. Wsilter Aungerin holds one carucate of knd in Auri and Hole, iu the county of Devon, by serjeanty, that whensoever our lord the King should hunt in the Forest of Exmore, he should find for him two barbed arrows. And the land was worth, by the year, twenty shillings,!:. * Bertrammus le Wyle tenet dimidiam hidam ilia x s. per aun. Placit. ut supra. Blount, terrae in villa de Bruliam, com. Bedf. de domi- 37. no Rege, per serjantiam reddendi per annsitn J Walterus Aungerin tenet unam carucatam unum par areeonum ad sellam. Placita coram terne in Auri et Hole, hi com. Devon, per Joh.de Vallibus et Soc. 15 Edw. I. Bedford. serjantiam, quod quotiescunque dominus Rex Blount, 37. fugare voluerit in Foresta de Exmore, inveniet t Et prior de Neunliam tenet dimid. hidam eidem domino Regi duas sagittas barbatas. terrae in villa de Turvey de domino Rege in Et valet terra ilia per ann. xx s. Plac. Cor. capite, per serjantiam reddendi per ann. unum de 9 Edw, I. Devon. Blount, 43. par areeonum dealbat. ad sellam, et valet terra ' LA BARR, 150 LA BARR, COUNTY OF DEVON. Morinus de la Barr held eight acres of land at La Barr, in tlie county of Devon, of our lord the King- in capite, by the serjeanty of paying him one salmon and two barbed arrows, Avheusoever he should hunt in the Forest of Exmore *. DROSCUMBE, COUNTY OF DEVON. Walter de Bromhall held certain land in Droscumbe, in the county of Devon, by the serjeanty of fmding for our lord the King, whensoever he should hunt in the Forest of Dertniore, one bow and three barbed arrows. Arid it was let at five shillings a year rent-f. LOSTON, COUNTY OF DEVON. William de Albemarle holds the manor of Loston, by the ser- jeanty of finding for our lord the King two arrows and one loaf of oat bread, when he should hunt in the Forest of Dartmore %. COLEWYKE, OR OVER-COLEWICK, COUNTY OF NOT- TINGHAM. Reginald de Colewyke owes, for the serjeanty of Colewyke, to * ^lorinus de la Barr tenuit octo acras cunqtie contigerit ipsum fugare in Foresta c?e Irrra: apud La Barr, in com. Devon, de domino Dertmore, uiium arcum et tres sagittas bar- Rege in capile, per serjantiam reddeiidi domino batas; et arrentata est ad v s. per auu. Ibid. Regi unuin salnionen et duns sagittas barbatas, Blount, 44. quotiescunqiie contigerit ipsum domiimni Re- J Wiilielmiis de Albemarle tenet manerimn gem fugare in Exmore. Piac. Coron. de 9 de Loston, per seijantiam inveniendi domina Edw. L Devon. Blount, 43. Regi duas sagittas, et imam panem avenas, cum f VValtcriis de Bromhall tenuit quandam domiuus Rex cnrrit iu Fore*ta de Dcrtmore. terram in Droscombe, in con». Devon, per Ibid. Blount, 4Ji. dcrjautiam inveniendi domino Regi, quoties- our lol our lord the King, on his arrival at Nottingham, once a year, twelve .arrows *. Reo-inald de Colewike held lands in Over-Colewick, in the county of Nottingham, of the King in capite, by the service of paying him twelve barbed arrows when he should come to Nottinoham Castle f. SCIREDUN AND SIPLEGII, COUNTY OF DEVON David de Sciredun held lands in Sciredun and Siplegh, in the county of Devon, of the King, by the service of finding two arrows, when the Kins:, his sovereign lord, should come to hunt in the Fo- rest of Darlmore |.. BRADELEl, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. Ralph de [le] Fletcher holds in the town of Bradele, in the county of Lincoln, one messuage and two oxgangs of land, and six acres of wood, with the appurtenances, of our lord the King in capite, by the service of paying yearly twenty fletched arrows^ at the exchequer §. ^ Flcctas. Arrows with narrow feathers ; fleet aiTOWs, such as they shoot at rovers. Blount. Flectas from the word Fleche, French for arrow. A. * Reginaldiis de CoI\vjk« debet pro ser- J Caind. Brit. tit. Devon. Blount, 111. jantia de Colwyke, domino Regi in adventu § Radulphus de Fletcher tenet in villa do suo apud Nottingham, semel in anno, duo- Bradele, in com. Line, unum messuagium et dccim sagittas. De serjantiis arrentatis per duas bovatas terras, et sex acras bosci, cum Rob. de Paselew, tempore Hen. III. Blount, pertin. de domino Rege in capite, per servi- 131. tium reddendi per ann. viginti flectas ad scac- t Escaet. 36 Hen. HI. No. 38. Blount, carium domini Regis. Plac. de Libertat. et <>t. Quo Warr. 9 Edw. I. Lincoln. Blount, 64 UPTON, 1.32 UPTON, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. Walkelin de Fabrica holds one yard-land in Upton, in the counfy of Gloucester, by the serjeanty of paying, at the manor house, two hundred arrow heads. And the jurors said our lord the King was in seisin of it*. SCARGERTIIORPE, BECKINGIIAM, and SUTTON, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. The abbot of Netele (Nutley) holds in Scargerthorpe, Beck- inohani, and Sutton, in the county of Lincoln, a certain manor, with the appurtenances, which he had of the gift of Walter de Burgo, who held it of our lord the King in capite, by the service of giving him one head-piece, or helmet, lined with fine linen 1||1|, and one pair of gilt spui's for all services -f-. ll§j| A Head-piece hned with syndon, or fine linen, and a pair of gilt spurs. Blount. GISSAG, COUNTY OF DORSET. Tmbert Pojrevs holds the manor of Gissajr All-Saints, of the o-ifj of King Henry, by the service of one pair of gilt spurs. And the same Imbert gave tFie said land to the abbey of Tarent, &c.X WEST^ * Walkelinus de Fabrica tenet unam virga- quod liabet de dono Wglteri de Burgo, qui illuct tarn teriie in Upton, in com. Gloiic. per ser- tcnuit de doinino Kege in capite, per servitium jantiam reddendi ad maneriiim domiiii ducenta reddendi domino Kegi uiiani capellani line- capita sagittarum. £t juratores diciint quod atam de syndone, et uniim par calcariuni deaii- doraiims Ilex est in seisma. Plac. Coron. 15 ratorum pro onwii servitio. Flac. de Libertat. £dw. I. Glouc. Blount, 58. et Quo VVarr. 9 Edw. I. Lincoln. Blount, f Abbas de Netele (Nutley) tenet in Scar- 6"k gerlhorpe, Btckingbam, et Sutton, in com. ;J: Imbeitus Pogeys tenet maneriuai de Lincoln, quoddam maneiiuin cum pertin. Gissag Omnium Sanctorum de doHo Henrisi Regis, 153 WESTCURT, COUNTY OF SURREY. Walter Gatelyn holds the manor of Westcurt, in the town of Bedington, in the county of Surrey, in capite of our lord the King, paying therefore to him yearly, a cross-bow |§t of the price of twelve pence*. '.l^X Balista. A cross-bow, or Marlike engine to cast stones or darts. Blount. 4:§:t: The cross-bow, or Arbalist, called in Latin Arcus Balistarius, or Balista nianualis, and in French Arbalet, is said by some to be of Sicilian origin ; others ascribe its invention to the Cretans. It is supposed to have been introduced into France by the first Crusaders, and is mentioned by the Abbe Suger in the life of Louis le Gros, as being used by that prince in the beginning of his reign -j, Avhich commenced in the year 1108. Verstigan seems to attribute the introduction of this weapon into England to the Saxons, luider llengist and Horsa, but cites no authority in support of that supposition. In a print, represent- injr the landino- of those oenerals, the foremost of them is deli- neated with a cross-bow on his shoulder, and others are seen in the hands of tlic different figures of their followers, landed and landing from their ships ; of this print he says, " and because Kegis, per servitium unius paris calcaiiorum in capite de doniino Kege, reddendo inde do- deauratoruni : et idem Irnbertus dedit dictaui niino Hegi per annum, unam balistain precii terram Abbatliiae de Tarent, &c. Plac. Coron. xiid. Plac. Goron. IQ Hen. Ill, Surrey. apiid Schyreburue, 8 Edw. I. Dorset. Rot. 4. Blount, 8 1 . Blount, 46. t P. Danitl Hist, de la Mil. Fr. torn. 1. * Walterus Gatelyn tenet nianeriuni de p. 425. Westcurt, iu villa de Bedinton, in com, Surrey, X " these 154 " these noble gentlemen were the first bringers in and condue- " tors of the ancestors of Englishmen into Britaine, from whence " nnto their posterity the possession of their country hath " ensued, I thought fit here in portraiture, to sit down their " first arrival, therewithal to shew the manner of the apparel " which they wore, the weapons which they used, and the ban- " ner or ensign first by them spred in the field." Some writers say, William the Conqueror had cross-bows in his army at the battle of Ilastinffs. The Genoese were reckoned skilful in the use of this weapon ; a great number of them were in the French service at the battle of Cressv. The effects of this weapon were deemed so fatal and cruel, that the use of it was forbidden by the second Lateran council in 1139, under the penalty of an anathema, as hateful to God, and unfit to be employed among Christians ; which prohibition was confirmed by Pope Innocent III. It was, nevertheless, again introduced into our armies by Ring Richard I, who, being slain by a dart shot from one of them, at the siege of the Castle of Chaluz, in Normandy, his death was considered as a judgment from Heaven, inflicted upon him for his impiety. Notwithstanding this example, the cross-bow continued to be much iised by the British troops, and in the list of the forces raised by King Edward II. aorainst the Scots, the cross-bow men make the second article in the enumeration of the different kinds of sol- diers of which it consisted. The cross-bow kept its footing in our armies even so late as the year 1572, when Queen Elizabeth, in a treaty with King Charles IX. of France, engaged to furnish him with six thou- sand 1 •JO sand men, part of them armed with loiif^ bows, and part with cross-bows. And in the attack made by the Eno-hsh on the Isle of Rhee, iu 1627, some cross-bow men, it is said, accom- panied the arnjy. Cross-bows not only discharged arrows, but also darts called quarreux, from their heads, which were square pyramids of iron, corruptly named quarrels. These were sometimes fea- tliered (as the term was) with wood or brass. Cross-bows also shot stones or leaden balls. According to Sir John Smith, in his Instructions and Obvervations, &c. p. 204, a cross-bow Avould kill point blank between forty and sixty yards, and, if elevated, six, seven, and even eio-ht score yards. The range, indeed, depended on the size and strength of the bow ; but the distances here given are such as a common cross-bow would carry. Monsieur de Bellay (in a military treatise attributed to him) speaks highly of the cross-bow, which he prefers to the Harquebus, and says it would kill at an hundred or two hundred paces*; probably he here meant only military paces of two feet, or two feet and a half. Cross-bow men were dressed, and otherwise armed, much in the same manner as the archers, and like them were frequently mounted on horseback. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i. pp. 148, 149, and 150, where see a representation of the Arbalist. * Book i. p. '26. X 2 CHICHESTER, 156 CHICHESTER, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. Certain lands and tenements in the suburbs of Chichester, in the parish of St. Pancras, arc held of the King in capite, by the service of paying to him, whensoever he should come through a street, called Goddestrcte, on the South Sea, a spindle-full ^ of raw- thread, to make a false string for the King's cross-bow*. f Fucillum, Fusellum, or Fusillum, from Fusus. A. A spindle-full of raw thread, to make a false string for the King's balista or cross-bow. Blount. f T do not think this translation correct. I think it is a string or cord not twisted. The art of making a bow string is to have it of raw even strands, almost without a twist, therefore I conceive, that as cordam implies it to be twisted, the addition of falsam means the reverse, and denotes a cord of a peculiar quality, that is not twisted or plaited. A twisted or plaited cord is quite improper for a bow, and cannot stand the jerk. W. THE HUNDRED OF LOSEBERG, COUNTY OF DORSET. Thomas, son of Richard de Mareschal of Cerberg, held certain land in the hundred of Loseberg, in the county of Dorset, in * Qnxdam terrae et tenementa in suburbia venellam, vocatam Goddestrete, super Mari Cicestri'js, in parochia Sancti Pancratii, te- Australi, unum fucillum plenum fili crudi, ad nentur de Kege in capite, per servitium red- falsam cordam pro balista sua facienda. Rot. dendi Regi fjuandocunque veuerit per quandam fin. 2 Ric. II, Blount, 92. capite 157 caplte of our lord the King, by the scrjeanty of Hiiding a certain horse-comb, or curry-comb |.§|., &c.* j,§|: Slriguhim. A horse-comb, or curry-comb. Blount. From Strigil, or Strigilis. E. THE COUNTY OF EWE, IN NORMANDY. Henry V., King of England, after his conquest of France, by his charter dated the 10th of June, 1419, in the seventh year of his mgn, granted the county of Eu, or, as he then spelt it, Ewe, together with the title of earl, to William Lord Bourchier, who had married Eleanor Plantagenet, widow of Edmund Earl of Stafford, and daughter of Thomas de Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, youngest son of King Edward III. f- rendering to the said King and his heirs, at the Castle of Rouen, one Gardebrache t*'^. yearly, at the feast of St. George, &c. J J*J This Gardebrache is otherwise called Vambrace, and signifies armour for the arm. Blount. Vambrace is a doublet, or the cloathing under the coat of mail, Gardebrache is quite dif- » ferent. A. See p. 100. CLAYDON, COUNTY OF BUCKS. Thomas do Argentein held a certain serjeanty in Claydon, for * Thomas, lilius Ricliardi de Mareschal de f Durarel's Anglo-Norm. Antiq. p. 2. Cerberg, teiiuit quundani terram in hiindiedo | Reddendo dicto Rcgi et luEiedibus suis de Loseberg, com. Dorset, in c.ipite de domino apud castrum Rothomagi, unum Gardebrache, Rege, per serjantiam inveniendi qiiendam ad festum Sancti Georgii, singulis anuis, &c. Strigulum, &c. Plac. Coron. apud Schyre- Bar. of E, 2 Par. Blount, 104. burne, 8 Edw. I. Dorset, Rot. 7- Blount, 46, which 158 which he was to find our lord the King one horse, one sack, and one wooden brochf , in his army in Wales *. f Brochia. See note on Morton, p. 110. SAMFORD PEVERELL, &c. COUNTY OF DEVON. John de Hillesdon held the manor of Samford Peverell, and the hamlet of Aire Peverell, with the appurtenances, of our lord the King in capite, in fee, in serjeanty, by finding for our lord the Kincr, in his army in Wales and elscM^here in England, whensoever war should happen, one man with a horse §|1§ caparisoned or armed for war, at his proper costs, for forty days, to abide in the war aforesaid -j-. §||§ Equus coopertus. See note on Stafford, &c. p. 102. NORTON, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Henry de Havering held the manor of Norton, in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of finding one man with one horse, &c. and one leather-sack, and one iron broch '^. FOTEBURNE, SNYTERBY, and FOLLINGHAM, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. Robert Wakelyn holds in Foteburne, and Thomas de Nevill in * Serjant' Tho'. de Argentein, in Clay- feodo, in sargeantia, ad inveniend' duo Regi tion, pro qua debuit invenire diio Regi unum in exeicitu Wallie et alibi in Anglia, quando- equiim, unum saccum, & unam brochiam cunque guerra eveiiiat, unum liominem, et ligneam in exercitu suo de VVallia. Serj. &c. unum equum coopertum, ad custos suos pro- co. Bucks, temp. Hen. 111. Hari. MS. Biit. pries, per xl dies, morando in guerra piedicta. Mus. No. 313, p. 53. Iiiquis. p. m. Tlio'. Peverell, anno xxviij t Johannes de Hillesdon ten' maner. de Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 6l '26, p. 43. Samford Peverell, et hamlett' de Aire Pevc- J Anno 13 Edw. 1. Jacob, Law Diet. tit. rell, cum pertin' de dno Kege in capite, in Brocha. Snyterby, 159 Sn^'terby, and Henry dc Ilorkcstow in Follingliani, six pounds and six shillings a year, of land, by the serjeanty of finding one balis- tar^, with six quarrels [*], and a sunipter horse .|.§|., in the King's army, for forty days, at their proper costs, and afterwards at the cost of the King *. <[f Balistar. See notes on Molcsey and Ilcrlhani, pp. 98, 1 13. [*] Quarrel. (From quadrcau, Fr. ; quadrella, Italian.) An arrow with a square head. It is reported by William Brito, that the arcubalista or arbalist, was first shewed to the French by our King Richard I., who was shortly after slain by a quarrel thereof. Camden. See p. 155. " Thvvaug'd the string, outflew the quarrel long." Fairfax. Johnson's Diet, sub verbo. :]:§.t Runcinus. A load-horse or sumpter-horse, a cart-horse or rowney. Blount- See also Littleton's and Ainsworth's Diet. Law Lat LITfLE BRUGE, COUNTY OF SALOP, Was long held by the Pichfords by a double tenure ; that men- tioned by Mr. Camden, of finding dry wood for the castle, when the King was there, Mhich their tenants performed, and that of finding an horseman Avith his furniture, (habergerium) in Wales, to be paid by the King, which it was allowed at the assizes, 20 Ed- ward I. that the lord might perform f-. * Robertus Wakelyn tenet in Foteburne, et custum propriuni ; et postea ad cust' Reg. Thomas de Nevill in SnyterbyjCt Henriciis de Inquis. anno regni Henrici fii. Regis Johannis Horkestow in Follingham,vj libiat. et vj solid. xxvui". Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. ^875, terr. per Serjeant, balistar' cum vj quarrellis, et p. 165. uno runcino, in e.\ercitu Regis, per .nl dies, ad f Gough's Camd. vol. ii. p. 409- TRUMP- 160 TRUMPINGTOXS, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Anno 1302, Robert de Trunipeton enfeoffed Lawrence de Stod- ham, and Anne his wife, in one messuage, 90 acres of arable land, seven of meadow, 12 of pasture, and 10 acres of wood, holden of the King in capite, of the Honor of Bologne, doing suit at the court of Bologne, at Wyham, from month to month. The tenant was obliged to find one man, and one sack to be fastened with [skinlUo or spineof], in the King's war in Wales, whenever it should happen, for forty days, at his own charge*. ^ Skinillo or spineo. These words, which Morant has not ex- plained, I conjecture to signify only a pin or skewer, to fasten the raouth of the sack, and that they admit of the same interpreta- tion as is attempted to be given to brochia, in the note on Mor- ton, p. 110. Neither of these are the broch, though the latter probably meant a wooden skewer or pin, resembling a spine or thorn. A piece of hide or skin was used as a string or strap. 31ay skinillo not mean such ? A piece of twine is called skingie in Scotland. W. MOLESIIAM, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. William de Regdon, and Agnes his wife, sister and heir of John Querdebeef, made fine with the King by 10 s. for their relief of certain lands and tenements which the said John held of the Kinff in capite, the day he died, in Molesham, in the county of Suffolk, by the service of providing the King, for forty days, in his army, * Inquis. SO Edw. 1. Morant's Ilist. of Esses, vol. ii. p. 207. with 161 with one balistar, and two horses, in England, and the marches of Wales *. AVESTCOURTE, COUNTY OF WILTS. Robert de Bilkeniore, and Anaslacia his wife, daiiohter and heir of WilHam de JIardene, made fine with the King by JCIO for their relief, (amongst other things) of the manor of Westcourte, in Shal- debnrne, which the said William held of the King, by the service of finding one horseman, with an aketone ^, haubergeon 11§]|, hel- met |1*||, and gloves of mail, in the King's army, when he should be summoned, for forty days, at his own proper costs f-. ^ Acton or Aketon. A kind of armour made of taffaty, or leather quilted, &c., worn under the habergeon to save the body from bruises, f. Hocqueton. Gloss, to Percy's Reliques of Ancient Poetry, vol. i. It occurs in the old romantic tale of Sir Cauline : " Then manye a knighte was mickle of might " Before his ladye gaye ; " But a strano-er wight, whom no man knewe, " lie wan the prize eche daye. " His ACTON it w as all of blacke, " His hewberke, and his sheelde," &c. * Willielmus de Regdon, et Agnes uxor f Robeitus de Bilkemore, et Anastalia uxor ejus, soror et heres Johannis Querdebeef, ejus, filia et Iieres Willielmi de Hardene, fiiiem fecit cum Rege per decern solidis pro fecerunt finem cum Rege, per ^!0 pro relevio relevio suo, de quibusdam ter. et teii. quod die- sue, pro manerio de \\'estcourte, in Slialde- tus Johannes tenuit de Rege in capite, die quo burn, quod dictus Willielmus tenet de Rege obijt, in Molesham, in com. Suff., per ser- per servitium inveniendi unum hominem equi- vitium serviendi domino Regi per 40 dies in teni, cum aketona, haubergello, bacinetto, et exercitu Regis, cum una balista, ct duobns ciroletis (clilrotliecis) de plata, in exercitu equis, in Anglia et march. VVallie. De ter- Regis cum sumn). fuerit, per 40 dies, sump- niino Mich. a°. 3 Edw. II. Harl, MS. Brit. tibus suis proprijs. De termino Pasche, a", Mus. No. 34, pp. 57, 58. 7° Edw. III. Ibid. p. 118. Y The The aketon, gambeson, vambasiimi, and jack, were military vest- ments calculated for the defence of the body, differing little from each other, except in their names ; their materials and construction were nearly the same ; the authorities quoted by Grose, shew they were all composed of many folds of linen, stuffed with cotton, wool, or hair quilted, and commonly covered with leather, made of buck or doe skin. The aketon was long-, the sole defensive armour for the body, worn by the English infantry ; as it not only covered the breast but also the belly, it was by the Germans called wambasiam, or the belly- piece ; the jack gave name to its diminutive the jacket. Althouo-h the gambeson was chiefly worn under the coat of mail to protect the body from being bruised by the strokes of the sword or lance, a circumstance that might happen without a division of the mail, the verses quoted in the note (g,) from the poem of the sieffe of Kai'leverock, shew that it was sometimes worn as a fur coat, and ornamented with rich decorations. So other au- thorities (note h,) point out that the aketon was occasionally put on under the jazerant or coat of mail *. |1§|| Hambergellus. See note on Brokcnerst, p. 127. 11*11 Bacinetto. The same as basnetus. See note on Aston Cantlou, p. 123. NEUTON REIGN, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND. John Cinibbe made fine with the King for himself and others, (his partners,) by forty shillings, for their relief for the manor of * Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. pp. 246, 247, 248, and notes c, d, e, f, g. Newton 163 Newton Reign, in the county of Cumberland, held of the King by the serjeanty of finding for our lord the King, in his army, one esquire, or horseman, (servientem equitem) with an aketone, hau- bergeon, an iron helmet^, lance, sword, and long knife, for forty days, at their costs *. ^ Capello ferreo. See note on Dylew, &c. The word knife, which at present has a familiar undignified meaning, was anciently used to express a sword or dagger, as ap- pears by the following passage in Macbeth, act i. sc. v, where Lady Macbeth is made to say, (see note on the p.assage,) " Come, thick night, " And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell f *' That my keen knife see not the wound it makes ; " Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, " To cry hold, hold!" Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare. WESTUDERLE, COUNTY OF HANTS. Adam de Bukcsgate, son and heir of Richard de Bukesgate, made fine with the King by ,£4, for his relief for the manor of Westuderle, which is held of the King by the service of finding one man, in his army in England, with an aketone, haubergeon, iron helmet, sword, and lance, with one uncovered horse .^§:J:, for forty days, at his proper costs -j^ .|§J Equus '* Johannes Crubbe fecit fiiiem cum Rege, ton, uno haubergeon, uno capello ferri, una pro se, et ahis particibus, per 40 s., pro relevio lancea, uno gladio, uno cultello longo, per 40 eorundeni participuni, pro manerio de New- dies, sumptibus suis. De termino Hill. a°. 17 ton Reign, in com. Cumbr. Tenet de Rege per Edw. 11. Harl. MS. Brit, Mus. No. 34, p. serjantiam inveniendi domino Regi, in exercitu 86. suo, unum servientem equitem, cum uuo ake- •\ Adain de Bukesgate, filius et heres Ri- y 2 chardi 164 X^X Equus discoopertus. See note on Alcester, p. 106. EASTLEY, COUNTY OF SALOP, or SOUTHAMPTON. John de Estley held of the King (amongst other things) the manor of Estley, in capite, by service, (to wit) that when the King should take a journey towards Wales, in the time of war, the lord of Estley was to find two horsemen who were to follow the King's victuals, for forty days, at his proper costs*. WETHERSFELD, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Sir John Nevill held Wethersfeld, by the service of finding one sack, and an iron broch [-j ], (pin or skewer,) in the King's army, in Wales j . [-) ] Preue [cheniii,] seem to signify the same as brochia. I have - not been able to discover these words in any of the Glos- saries I have consulted, but it appears from the tenure at Morton, (p. 110.) that they must severally mean a broch, pin, or skewer; for, in the Harleian MS. British Museum, No. 34, p. 258, the word cheniii occurs, joined to unum saccuni de corio. In the above cited tenure, given by Blount, Richard, son and heir of John Edward de 3Iorton, being there said to have held the manox.of 3Iorton, of the King in capite, by the service .of chardi de Bukesgate, fecit finem cum Rege, * Joliannes de Estley tenuit de Rege ma- per £4: de rel. suo, de manerio de Westuderle, neriuin de Estley, in capite, per servitium ; quod tenelur de Rege per servitium invcniendi scilicet, quod cum diius Rex itiner. accipit unum hominem ir. exercitu Regis in Anglia, versus Walliam, in guena, diis de Estley inve- eum aketon, haubergeon,capelloferreo, gladio, niet duos equites, qui debent sequi victual' et lancea, cum uno equo discooperto, per 40 Regis, per quadraginta dies, ad sumptum dies, suniplibus piopriis. De teiuiiiioPasche, suum proprium. Anno 3 Edw. I. Ibid. No a°. 10 Edw. II. ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 821, p. 12. 54, p. 74. t Morant'^ Hist, of Essex, vol. ii. p. 371. findinite, by the service of finding- one archer in the army of our lord tlie King for forty days, at the costs of the King*. PARVA ORION, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Richard, son and heir of John Bray, of Netherotton, gave to the King twenty-one shillings and eight pence, for his relief for two messuages, three yard lands, and seven virgates of land, with the appurtenances, in Parva Orton, held of the King as parcel of the serjeanty which was formerly of William Fitz Alan, in the said town of Parva Orton, in the hundred of Wotton, in the county of Ox- ford, held of the Kingr by the service of bearincr an ensiifn in the King's army before the foot soldiers of the said hundred of Wot- ton -f-. IIARKERCET, COUNTY OF SALOP. Sir John de Charleton, of Apley, knight, held, the day he died,, the manor of Ilarkercet, to him and the heirs of his body, by find- ing one footman, with a bow and three arrows, when our lord the King should go into Wales, in the time of war, to abide with the * Johannes le Roches, qui Aliciam, filiam et hercdem Willielmi de la Tour, diixit in uxorem, fecit finem cum Rege per xls. pro relevio ipsius Alicie, scilicet pro uno ten'to in Mencstok, in com. Sulht. fen. de Rege in capita per .servitium inveniendi unum sagit- tarium, in exercitu Regis, per x l dies, sump- tjbus Regis. De tennino Mich. a° 38 Ed\i-. III. Rot. iij°. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 225. •J- Richardus, filius et heres Joliannis Bray, de Netherotton, dat Regi 21s. 8d. de re- levio suo, pro ij messuagiis, iij virgat', et vij. virgal' terr. cum pertinentijs' in Parva Orton, ten't de Rege ut p'cell. scrjaBtiae que quondam fuit Willielmi Filij Alani, in vlicta villa de Parva Orton, in hundreds de Wotton, in com. 0.\on. ten't de Rege per servitium portanui pencellum, in e.^ierciui Regis, ante pedites dicti hundrecH de Wotton, &c. De termino Mich. a° 27 Edw. III. Ibid. p. 192. King 170 King iinlil the said arrows should have been drawn upon the ene« niies of our lord the King *. BRADEFORDE, COUNTY OF WILTS. Ralph de Stopham held in fee of the Earl of Winchester, at Bradeford, six pounds thirteen shillinos and four pence, yearly rent of assize, and he was to find for the said manor one footman to serve our lord the King with a bow and arrow ^ (Bosone), for forty days, at the costs of the said Ralph, for all services -j^. ^ Bosone, the same as Buzonem. See note on Bryanston, p. 126. OLD WINDSOR, COUNTY OF BERKS. The manor of Old Windsor was confirmed, in 1328, to Oliver de Bordeaux, who at the same time procured the King's licence to empark his wood of Folijohn in the Forest, and a charter of various privileges, particularly that all the lands Avhich he had purchased of John de London should be out of the regard of the Forest :|:. These lands were held, it appears, by the service of finding a man, Avilh a lance and dart, to attend the royal army §. * Johannes de Charleton, de Apley, miles, xiiij s. iv d. de redd, assis. per ann. et de- ■tervuit die quo obijt, m. de Harliercet, sibi buit invenire pro dicto m° unum homincm et hered. de corpore, ad inveniendum unuiu peditem, ad servic' domini Regis cnni area hominem pedit' cum arcu, et iij sagittis, et bosone, per 40 dies, ad custuin dicti quando domiims Rex adiret Wall, tempore Rad'i. pro omnibus servic'. Anno 5G Hen. ill. guerre, ad comorand. cuna Regi donee trac- Ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 4Ji20, p. 11. tasset sagittas pradictas hostibus diii Rex. J Pat. 2 Edvv. III. Cotton MSS. Titus, C.x. p. 19- § Pat. 5 Edw. li. Lysons's Mag. Brit. f Radulphus de Stopham, teiiuit de feodo vol. i, p. 414. Comitis Wynchester, apud Bradeford, .£%j SAVOY, 171 SAVOY, LONDON. Henry the Third j^ranted to Peter of Savoy, uncle to his Queen Elinor, daughter of Berenger of Provence, all the houses upon the Thames, where this building now stands, to hold to him and his heirs, yielding yearly at the exchequer three barbed arrows for all services *. REDBURGH, COUNTY OF HANTS. Roger Baudet held a certain serjeanty in Redburgh, for which he was to pay yearly at the exchequer one hundred barbed ar- rows -f-. And he also held one yard land in Yeutis and Andover, by the like service i. DAGGEWORTH, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. Nicholas de Dago-eworth, son and heir of John de DajrirewoHh, jrave to our lord the King- three fletched arrows, feathered with eagle's feathers, for his relief for certain lands and tenements in Daggeworth, which the said John held of the King in capite, by the service of three fletched arrows, feathered with eagle's feathers, to be paid to the King yearly §. * Pennant's London, p. 146. § Nicholaiis de Daggeworth, filius et heres f Seijanlia Rogeri Baudet, in Redburgli, Jobannis de Daggeworth, dat duo IJegi tres pro qua debuit reddere per annum ad Scacc. flecch. penuat. de Aquila, pro relevio suo, centum sagittas barbellatas. Serjantia?, &,c. de quibusdam terr. et ten. in Daggeworth, quia in com. Suhantone, tempore Regis Hen. III. dictus Johannes tenuit de Rege in capite, per Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 313, p. 34. servitium trium flecch. pennat. de aquila, \ Rogerus Baudet tenet ibidem unam virga- Regis annuatim redd. De termino Mich, a" tam terrae per centum sagittas solvend. dHo 8Edw. IJI. Ibid. No. 34, p. 119. Kegi annuatim. Ibid. p. 27. z 2 BRADAVELL, 172 BRADWELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX. William de la Donne, son and heir of Robert de la Donne, ac- knowledged that he held of our lord the King in capite, one mes- suage, one hundred acres of land, four acres of meadow, three acres of pasture, &c. and ten shillings and seven pence rent, with the appurtenances, in the town of Bradwell, in the said county of Essex, by the service of the third-part of one knight's fee, and of rendering to our lord the King, whensoever he should pass into Wales, for the defence of the kingdom of England, one lance of the value of two shillings for all services*. KYNGESIIAM, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. John Taverner, son and heir of Elizabeth Taverner, holds the manor of Kyngesham, with the appurtenances, together with the advoAvson of tlie church of the same manor, of the King in capite, by the service of paying to him one spindle fuU^ of thread (to make a string) for the King's cross bow, when he should come into those parts, for all services -f. ^ Fusiilum. See note on Chichester, p. 156. * Willielmus de la Donne, filius et heres Hen. VII. rot. 40. Ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus, rjoberti de la Donne, cogii. se tcuere de No. 5173, p. 25. Kege in capite, uniim messung. c acr. terra', t Johannes Taverner, filius et heres Eliza- IV acr. piati, in acr. past. &c. ac x s. viij.d. bethe Taverner, tenet manerium de Kynges- reddit. cum pertin'. in ■villa de Bradwell, in liam, cum pertin'. una cum advoc'. ecclesie dco com. Essex, per servic' iij ptis. i. feodi ciusdeni manerij, de Rege in capite, per ser- tiiil. et per servic'. reddendi dno Regi unam vitium rcddcndi Regi uiium fusillum tili lindi, laiiceam prccii ij s. tjuandocunqne eidem II. pro balista Regis cum ipse veneiit, in partes \V allium transire placiiit pro defensioiie Regni illas, pro ornni servitio. De tcrmino Trin. a°. Angl. pro omnibus servicijs. Trin. tin. 20 i9Iuc.II. Ibid. No. 34, p. .'340. GRADELE, 173 GRADELE, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. Ralph le Fletcher holds eight pounds of land in Gradole, of the gift of our lord the Kino;, by the payment of four marks yearly, and two oxgangs of land for twenty fletched arrows yearly *. LEUNESTON, COUNTY OF DEVON. Geoffery de Alba-marlia (D'Aumarle), amongst other things, held the hamlet of Leuneston, of our lord the King in caj)ite, rendering therefore to the Kinjr, as often as he should hunt in the Forest of Dartmore, one loaf of oat bread of the value of half a farthing, and three barbed arrows feathered with peacock's feathers [*] ; and upon the loaf the price to be marked ]•. [*] Tres sagittas barbatas, pcnnis pavonum pennatas. See note on Ravenswortli, In the 43d year of Edward III. Margaret D'Aumarle (or Albe- marie), one of the sisters and heirs of William, son of Sir William D'Aumarle, knight, and Elizabeth D'Aumarle, another sister of the said William, gave to the King seventy-five shillings and sixpence farthing for their relief for three-parts of one knight's fee, for the manor of Wodbury, and sixpence for the price of three barbed arrows, and a farthing for the price of one loaf of oat bread, for the manor of Leuneston, held of the King ; viz. for the said manor of * RacKilpbiis le Fletclier tenet viij libr' dendo inde domino Kegi quotiens fugauit in teiTSE in (iradele, de domino dni Regis, per iiij Dertemore, iinum panem avenum valoiis niaicas per annum, et dims bovatas terra; pro dimid'. quadrantis, et tres sagittas barbatas, XX fletchis per annum. Hail. MS. Brit. Mus. pennis pavonum pennat. et super prasd'. panem No. 3875, p. 196. positas. Inquis. post mortem Galf. de 7\Jba- f Gaifridus de Albamarlia, tenet liamlett' de marlia, amio 14 Edw. II. Ibid. No. Gl'2G, Leuneston, de domino Kcge in capite, red- Inq. 33. Leuneston, 174 Leimeston, which is hold of the King in caplte, by the serjeaiity of ffivino; to our lord the Kinjr, when he should come to hunt in the Forest of Dartmore, three barbed arrows, fixed in a loaf of oat bread, when eight loaves were worth one penny ; but it is not said how the manor of Wodbury is held *. LAKESTOKE, COUNTY OF WILTS. William Randolf held, the day he died, in his demesne, as of fee, one messuage, and one fulling mill, with fifty acres of land, three acres of meadow, and twelve acres of pasture, with the ap- purtenances, in Lakestoke, of the King in capite, paying therefore yearly to our lord the King six barbed arrows, at the Feast of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist, to be received by the hands of the Keeper of the Forest of Charidon j-. CIIERBURGII, COUNTY OF DORSET. In the 7th of Henry V. John Morville died seised of this manor. John, his brother and heir, held it, according to 31r. Coker, by the * Margarcta de Albemarla, una soroium maiieriiimcieWodbur}' tenet. Dc terminoTrin. ct heredu Williclmi filij Wiliielmi de Alba- a°. 4a Edw. HI. Kot. 2". Harl. MS. Brit, marlia, ch'r. et Elizabeth de Albamailia^ soror'. Mus. No. 34, pp. 249, 250. et heres dicti Wiliielmi, dant Regi i.xxvs. t Willielmus Randolf tenuit die quo obijt, vj d. q'. pro relevio sue, pro tiibus partibus in diiico suo, ut de leodo, uuuni messuagium, unius feodi mil. in Wodbury ; et vj d. de ununi molendinum fullouicum, cum i, acr' precio trium sagittarum barbill'. et q'. de pre- terrae, iij acr'. prati, et xii acr'. pasturae, cum rio unius panis aven. pro nianerio do Leu- perlinen'. in Lakestoke, de Rege in capite, neston, ten't de Rege, viz. dictum inaneriuin de per parvani seriantiam, redd', inde anuuatnn Leuneston, de Rege in capite, per seijantiam Regi sex sagittas barbata.s, ad festum Na- dandi domino Regi, cum venerit ad chaceand'. tivitatis Sci. Johannis Baptistae, percipiend. in Eoresta de Dertmore, tres sagittas barbell'. per manus custod. Forestae de Charidon. Esc. fixas in uno pane de aveii. unde octo panes, 35 Edw. IlL Ibid. No. 2087, p. 138. valent 1 d. ; uon dicit ib'm. quomodo dcuui service 1«f ^ service of one horse comb, price four pence, to ])e paid yearly by the hands of the sheritF at the Feast of Saint Michael*. PERTON, COUNTY OF STAFFORD. In or about the 5th year of King Edward III. John de Perton held the manor of Perton, in Staffordshire, of the King in capite, by grand serjeanty, to wit, by the .service of one man, armed with an aketon|.§|,, an haubergeon^, a steel cap, and a lance, in the King's army, when he was eno-ajjed in a war with Wales K X%X Aketone. See note on Westcourte, p. IGi. % Ilambergellus. See note on Brokcnerst, p. 127. HECKINGTON, COUNTY OF DERBY. Gilbert de Gaunt holds three carucates of land in Hecklngton, of our lord the King in capite, and he was to defend his whole barony by the service of fifty knights :|:. FAINTRO, COUNTY OF SALOP. Peter le Chamberleyn, who married Isabella, the only daughter and lieir of Ade de Faintro, came to the exchequer, and made for * Per servitium unius pectinis eqiii, pretium capello ferr. et lancea, cum duobus equis IV d. per m.iiuis vice comitis annuatim ad discoopertis, per quadraginta dies in exer- festuni Saiicti Michaelis solvend. Hutcliins's citu dicti Regis, \\'allias, &c. Staff. Originale, IJist. Dorset, vol. ii. p. 184. 5 Edw. III. rot. \5, Madox's Baronia, p. i" Et meujoranduin quod conipertum est 243. per inquisitiojiem, quod prsdictus Johannes % Gilbertus de Gaunt, tenet tres carucat". tcnuit in dominico sue, ut de feodo, die quo terra de domino Rege in capite, et defendit obijt, manerium de Perton, cum pertinentiis tot. baron', per servicium l milituni. Iiiqiiis. in comitatu Staff, de Rege in capite, per fca,. Wapintag. de Aswardbuig. Hail. MS. magiiam serjantiam, viz. per serviciuni unius Brit. Miis. No. 3875, p. 112. bominis arniati, cum akctoii. bauberon. hix no his relief for half a mark, for land held of the King in capite in Faintre, as of the inheritance of the aforesaid Ade, by the serjeanty of being hostler^ in the King's army*. ^ Ilostiariiis, an hostler. Cole's Latin Diet. SYTHYNGE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. John, son and heir of William de Calthorp, holds of the King in capite, one messuage and fifty acres of land in Sythynge, by the .service of one barbed arrow, of the price of a penny, to be paid to the King yearly by the hands of the sheriff f. BARNEBY, COUNTY OF YORK. Dionysia, daughter and heir of Robert de Crepping, holds one toft, and four oxgtmgs of land, with the appurtenances, in Barneby, near Pucklington, in the county of York, by the service of finding part of one archer within the King's Castle of York, for forty days, in the time of war 1^. HYWLSIIE, COUNTY OF WILTS. John, son and heir of Nicholas de Cottele}', holds the manor of * Petrus le Chamberleyn, qui habet in redd. Regi annuatim per manus vie'. De ux. Isabel!', iiiiica fil'. et heredem Ade de terinino Trin. anno 59 Edw. III. Rot. 1°. F"aintro, ven'. ad Scacc. et finem fecit pro Ibid. p. C35. reltvio per dimid'. niarcam, pro terr'. de Rege J Dionisia, filia et beres Roberti de Crep- ten't in capite, in Faiutre, de ber'. predictae ping, tenet unum toftum, et iv bovat. terree, Ade, per seriantiam hosiiario Regis in exercitu cum pertinenlijs, in Barneby juxta Puckling- »uo. Harl. MS. Brit. Mns. No. 34, p. 4. ton, in com. Ebor, per servilium inveniendi f Jobanues, filius et beres Willielmi de partem unius sagitt'. infra castrum Regis Calthorp, tenet de Rege, in capite, unum Ebor. per 40 dies, tempore guerre. De messuagium et 50 acr' terrse in Sythjnge, termino Ilillarij, anno 11 Ric. II. Rot. 1°. per servitium uuius sagitte barbate, precij i d. Ibid. p. 300. Hywishe 17T Ilywislic of the King in capite, by grand scijeanty, (to >vit) by finding for our lord the King one armed liorsenian, or esquire, in the King's army in England, at his proper costs, for forty days* . BLANFORD BRYAN, COUNTY OF DORSET. Eve, daughter and heiress of Ralph de Stopham, acknowledged to hold as of the inheritance of the said Eve, a certain tenement in Blanford Bryan, of the King in capite, by the service of finding for our lord the King, in his army in Wales, one footman, with a bow without a string, and an ari'ow ^ w ithout feathers f. % Bnzone. Vide Buzonem, note on Bryanston, p. 126. WAUSSINGEL, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. Robert Malenteys holds a certain serjeanty in Waussingel, for which he was to find two footmen, for forty days, in the army of our lord the King in Wales, as keepers of his small pavilion, with bows and arrows, and each of them was to have from our lord the King four-pence daily for keeping tlie same X- * Johannes, filius et heres Nicholai de pedrtem cum arcu, sine chorda, et buzone Cotteley, tenet maiieriiim de Ilywishe, do sine pennis. De tennino Mich'is. a" 30 Rege in capite, per niagnam serjantiam, scilicet Edw. I. Ibid. p. 23. inveuiendi Regi unnm servientem equitem et ^ Serjantia Roberti Malenteys, in Waus- armatiim in exercilu siio in Anglia ad custos singel, per qua debuit invenire duos homines suos proprios, per XL dies. De termino pedites, per xl dies, in exercitu diii Reg'. Pasche, a° 38 lulw. III. Rot. ij°. Hari. MS. in Wailia, custodientes parvutn papilonem Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. G29. cum arcubus et sagittis ct quiiibet eorum + Eva, filia et heres Hadulphi de Stopham, debuit habere de dno Rege iiij d. per diem pro cognovit tenere de hered'. predicte Eve custodia. De serjantijs arentatis per Rob'm. quasdam ten. in Blanford Brjan, de Rege Passelewe. Testa de Nevill. Ibid. p. in capite, per servicium inveniendi domino 337. Kegi in exercitu, suo Wallie unum servieutem IIUN- 178 HUNGERFORD, COUNTY OF BERKS. Simon Punclmrd holds two yard-lands in Ilungerford, by the seijeanty of being the King's spearman, and they were worth ten shillings *• BRLNESLEG and BROCOLMSTOW, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Gilbert de Brunsleof holds half a carucate of land in Brunesleg-, and half a carncate of land in Brocolmstow, by the service of find- ino- one bnllock or plough horse f , and one sack in the King's army in Wales, by serjeanty -j-. % Affri vel Affra. Bullocks or plough horses. And in Northum- berland to this day they call a dull or slow horse a f41se Aver or Afer. Spelm. Blount's Law Diet. sub. voce Affrus Affra, a bullock or heifer. Law Fr. and Lat. Diet, by F. O. edit. 1701. BARNESTAPLE, COUNTY OF DEVON. Geoffry de Canvill holds a part of the borough, with the Castle of Barnestaple, of our lord the King in capite, by the death of Matilda, wife of the said Geoffry, who was heir of Henry de Tracy, by the service of two knights or foiu- esquires, with coats of mail, iron helmets, and lances, when our lord the King should march with an army, for forty days, at the cost of the aforesaid Geoffry ijl. NETHER- * Simon Punchard tenet duas virg' terre in came' terre in Brunesleg, et dimid' caruc' terre Hungerford, per serjantiani hastillar' et val. in Brocolmstow, per seivic' inveniendi iinum X sol. Esc. in com. Berks. Testa de Nevill. affrum et unum saccum in e.xercitu Reg'. p. 107. Wallie, per seriantiam. Testa de Nevill. p. 2. + Gilbertus de Brunsleg tenet dimidiani :t Galfridusde Canvill tenet predictumburgum de 170 NETIIERCOT, COUNTY OF OXFORD. William Baffin holds a fourth part of one knight's fee in Ne- thercot, by serjeanty to be with a Wanibais f , and an iron head-piece, against the King's enemies, for forty days, at his proper costs *. % Perpunctum. See note on the borough of Porchester. HEMMINGEFOKD, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. The serjeanty which was formerly William Russi's, in Ilemmin- geford, was held, for which he was to find for our lord the Kinn one spindle-full of yarn (or worsted), when the King should go into Ireland, to repair the pavilion of our lord the Kingf. PUKERELESTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. Lady Custance de Fukereleston holds Pukereleston by finding one man and a horse, with a sack and an ax (or hatchet), at the sum- mons of our lord the King, in his army in W^ales '^. de Barnestaple cum Castcllo de diio Rege in capite, per deceiisiim Matild'. ux. predict! Galtii'. que est heres Ilenr'de Tracy, per ser- vic'. duorum militu vel quatuor armigczar' cum Joric', capeil' ferreis, et lancea quod dus Rex vadit in exercitii, per XL dies, ad custum pre- dict! Galfri'. Inquis. Co. Devon, a° 3° Edvv. I. Rot. Hundr'. voJ. i. p. 63. No. 3. * Wiilielnius Buffin tenet quartfi partem fcodi uuiiis niilitis in Nethercot, per srrjant' habend' perpunctum et capelium ferreum in host' R. per XL dies, ad custum suum pro- prium. Tenent«s per serjant' in com. Oson. Testa de Neviil. p. 108. f Seijantia que quondii fuit Willielmi Russi, in Hemmingeford, per quam debuit invenire diio R. unam fussellatii fill lanei quando Res ierit in Hibn' ad reparand' pa- pilonem diii Reg'. Ibid. p. 357. J Daa Custancia de Pukereleston tenet Pukereleston inveniendo ununi hominem et unum equum, et unum saccum et unam securim ad sumnionitioneni dni Regis ad e.x- ercitum suum in Wallia. Ibid. p. 162. A a2 SECT. 180 SECT. VI. Of Petit Setjeanties, performed in the King's HoiisehoU, and by finding him with Clothes and Provisions, S^c. BROKENERST, COUNTY OF HANTS. Peter Spileman paid a fine to the King for the lands which the said Peter held by the serjeanty of finding an esquire (servientem) with a Ilambergell ^, or eoat of mail, for forty days, in England, and of finding litter for the King's bed ^, and hay for the King's palfrey ^, when the King should lie at Brokenerst, in the county of Southampton *. % A shirt or coat of mail, straw for the King's bed, and hay for his horse. Blount. It is evident that straw was used in the King's bed, so late as the time of King Henry VIH. See Ar- chjeologia, vol. iv. p. 312. See also under Brokenei'st, p. 127, AYLESBURY, COUNTY OF BUCKS. William, son of William de Alesbury, holds three yard-lands of our lord the King, in Alesbury, in the county of Bucks, by the serjeanty of finding straw for the bed of our lord the King, and to straw his chamber, and by paying three eels to our lord the King, * Petrus Spileman finem fecit cum Rege niendi litteriam ad lectum Regis, foenum ad pro terris quas dictus Petrus teiiuit, per ser- palefridum Regis, quando Rex jacuerit apud jantlam inveniendi uiiuni servientem, cum Brokenerst, in com. Southampton. Fmes, Hambergcllo, per xl dies in Aiiglia, et inve- Hil. 1 Edw. II. Wilts. Blount, 18. when 181 when he shouhl come to Alesbury iu Avinter[*]. And also findino* for the KIn[ld(llesex, of King Henry, father of the present King, in capite, by the serjeanty of keeping the King's money stamp ^. But the master of the knight's templers now hold it, &c *. % Cuneum Monetae. Is expounded by the learned Spelman, sigil- lum ferreuni quo numnuis cudltur, (an iron stamp with which money is coined,) the King's stamp for coinage: and from this cuneum, comes our word coin, quasi cune. Blount. LITTLE HOLLAND, COUNTY OF ESSEX. William Drury, who died 7th May, 31 Eliz. 1589, held the manor of Little Holland, in the county of Essex, of the queen, as of her manor of Wickes, alias Parke-hal!, late parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster, by the service of one knight's fee, and the rent of one pair of gloves turned up with hare's skin -f-. HENLEY, COUNTY OF WARWICK. Lands in Henley, in the county of Warwick, were held by Ed- mund Lord Stafford, by the service of three shillings, or a pair of scarlet hose %. COTTINGTON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Walter de Marisco (or de Marsh) held the manor of Cottinton, in the county of Nottingham, by the service of presenting the King yearly with a pair of scarlet hose §. * Oto Filius VVillielmi teiiuit matierium de f Per servic. 1. feodi mil. et reddit. unius Lilleston in com. Middlesex, de domino Rege paiis chirotliecarum de peile leporina duplicat. Henrico, patre domini Regis nunc, in capite, Inquis. 27 Apr. 3'2 Eliz. No. 210. Comniu- per serjantiam custodiendi cuneum monetae nicated by Thomas Astle, Esq. domini Regis. Sed magister Militiae Templi J Escaet. 24 Edw. 1. n. 59- Blount, 2. modo tenet, &c. Plac. Coron. 22 E^ldw. I. § Testa de Nevill. Blomit, 87. Blount, 65. B B 2 LYNDEBY, 188 LYNDEBY, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. John de Metliam, and Sybilla his wife, held of the King in capite, the moiety of the town of Lyndeby, by the service of paying only a coat or cloak of grey furred skins f , at the Exchequer of our lord the Kino-*. The town of Lindeby,in the county of Nottingham, Mas an escheat of the King's of the honor of Peverell, and William de St. Michael had one moiety of it, by the gift of King John, paying yearly in the King's chamber a fur of grise \m\ f. ^ Pelicium de Griseo. A grey furred coat or pilch. Blount. In Romeo and Juliet, act iii. sc. 1. Mercutio says to Tybalt: " Will you pluck your sword out of his pilcher by the ears V We should read pilche, which signifies a cloak or coat, or skins, meaning the scabbard. Note. Chalmers's edit, of Sliakspeare. This word occurs in the old ballad of the Turnament of Tottenham, where one of the combatants exclaims : " I make a vowe, quoth Tirry, and sweare by my crede, " Saw thou never young boy forther his body bede ; " For when they fight fastest, and most are in drede, " I shall take Tib by the hand, and away her lede : " Then bin mine armes best ; " I beare a pilch of ermin, " Powder'd with a cat's skinne, *' Tlie cheefe is of perchmine, that stond'th on the crest," * Johannes de Metliam et Sibllla uxor licium de griseo, ad Scaccarium doniini Regis ejus tenuerunt de Kege in capiie medietatem taiUuni. Escaet. 5 Edw. II. Blount, 38, villae de Ljndeby, per servilium reddendi pel- f Testa Nevilli. Blount, 93. Pilch, 189 Pilch, a vestment made of skins. Gloss, to Percy's Relics of ancient Poetry, vol. ii. p. 20. |1§]| Grey Fur. Blount. Gris was an animal, but not known as 1 take it in England. The fur, however, was in esteem here. Vide Cotgrave. Du Fresne, v. Griseum. P. WEST HAURED, COUNTY OF BERKS. One William de Insula (de I'Isle) held one carucate of land, with the appurtenances in West Haured, by the serjeanty of buying ale for the use of our lord the King, and it is worth by the year one hundred shillings *. RAKEY, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Walter de Burgh and his partners, hold sixteen pound ^ lands in Rakey, in the county of Norfolk, by the serjeanty of paying two mues|l^|| (or muids) of red wine, and two hundred of pears called permeines, to be paid at the feast of St. Michael yearly, at the King's Exchequer f. ^ Librata TeiTse. Is a poimd land or so much as is yearly worth XX s. Blount. See p. 81. |l§|j Mues Vini. Mue, muld, Fr. : muta, Lat. ; a hogshead. A. See Muid de Yin. Boyer's Fr. Diet. E. * Quidam Willielinus de Insula tenuit unani -f Walteius de Burgli et particfpes siii, te- carucatatn terra, cum pertiii. in West Haured, Bent xv i libratas terrse in Rakey, in com. Xorf. per seijantiara einendi cervisiam ad opus do- per serjautiam duorum mues vini riibei et du- niini Regis ; et valet per ann. c s. Plac. Coron. centorum pirorum dc permeines, solvendorum apud Wnidesor, iSEdw. I. Rot, 29j iu dorso, ad festuru Sancti ^licliaelis- quolil)et anno ad Blount^ 39. Scaccarium domini Regis. Rot. Fin. 6 Job. m. 39. Blount, 69. RUN11A3L 100 RUNHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Walter de Ilevene held the manor of Runham in the county of Norfolk, in capite, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of two niues of wine.l*:]: made of permalns, to be paid to the King at his Exchequer, yearly, at the feast of St. .Michael *. :^*| How much muta viui, or a mue of wine was, I know not, but it is worth the observing, that in King Edward the First's time, permain-cyder was called wine. Blount. 3Iuta vini, a hogs- head. A. See the note above. E. STONEY ASTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. Bartholomew Peytevyn (Poictouvin) holds two carucates of land in Stoney-Aston, in the county of Somerset, of our lord the King in capite, by the service of one sextary ^ of clove wine |1§11, to be paid to the King yearly, at Christmas. And the said land is worth ten pounds a year f. % A sextary of July-flower wine, and a sextary contained about a pint and an half, somelimes more. Blount. \\m Sextaiium Yini Gariophilati. Clove w ine, of the nature of hip- pocras, or spiced wine. A. Sec page 72, Winterslew. * Walteius de Ileveiie temirt maiieiiiim de ■f BartliolomjKJs Ptjtevjn tenet diias caru- Kuiiliain, in com. Norf. in capite, de domino catas terras in Stoney-Aston, in coin. Somerset, Rege, per seijantiani iluarum niutarum vini de domino Rege in capite, per servitium unius facti de permains, solvend. domino Regi ad sextarii vini gariophilati, reddendo domino Scaccarium per annum, ad festuni Sancti Mi- Regi per annum, ad Natale Domini. Et valet cliaelis. Rot. lin. 6 Joh. m. 48, in dorso. dicta terra per ann. x 1. Plac. Coron. de ann. Blount, 69. 8 Edw. I. Somerset. Blount, 76. STERT, 191 STERT, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. jMatthevv de Chainflcur holds the manor of Sterte, in the county of Somerset, in capite of om* lord the Kino;. h\ the serjeanty of one grune [*] of wine, to be paiti yearly, at the King's Exchequer, at the feast of St. Michael. It is rated at iii s. a year rent *. [*] AVhat quantity this gruna vini was, 1 am to seek. Blount. N. B. Blount's scribe, I suspected at first, misread gruna for gauna, a gallon ; but as 3 s. seems to be too much for a gallon of wine, I now think the word was not gauna, but cuna, or cuva. P. BISCOPESTRE, COUNTY OF . King Griffin (Griffith ap Llewelyn ap Sitsyllt, or Griffith ap Conan) had a manor at Biscopestreu ; and he had one carucate of land in demesne, and his men six carucates. When the Kino; him- self came thither every carucate paid to him two hundred fow Is ^, one cask |§| full of ale, and one rushin[j:] of butter -f-. ^ Ilesthas. Ilcstha may be a corruption of the Latin hecta, a little loaf of bread. Sir II. Spelman interprets these hestha's, capons, from the Fr. he.staud and hestaudeau ; but it seems more probable that every plowland should pay t^o hundred loaves, rather than so many capons. Blount. Estaudcaux, barn- * Mattheus de Chamfleur tenet niancriiim -f Habuit Rex Griffin uniini manerium Bis- de Sterte, in com. Somerset, in capite de do- copestreu, et in domino unani carucatam ha- mino Rege, per serjantiam unius grunse vini, bebat, et homines ejus sex Caracas. Quando solvend. per annum ad Scaccarium domini ipse Rex ibi veniebat, reddebat ei unaquEeque Regis, ad fcstum Sancti Michaeiis. ^\rieiUata caruca cc hesliias, unam cunam (cuvani) est ad Ills, per annum. Plac. Cor.de ann. plenani cervisia, et unam butyri ruscam, 8 Edw. I. Somerset. Blount, 76". Domesday, tit. Cestre. Blount, 80. door 192 door fowls, vulgarly so called. Ilestaudeau is a young hen, (pullet) pronounced corruptedly in the Scottish language at this day howtoudys. A. -t^t Cuna. Cuva, a jug or cask. A. A tub or cup full of ale. Blount. [jl Rusca Butyri. A tub of butter: in Ireland still called a rushin of butter. Blount. Rusca, Lat. ; Ruche, Fr. a hive. A. Rusca, a tub or barrel ; rusca butyri, a firkin of butter. A ins worth's Law Lat. Diet. E. YARMOUTH, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. This town, by charter, is bound to send to the sheriffs of Nor- wich a hundred herrings, which are to be baked in twenty-four pies or pasties, and thence delivered to the lord of the manor of East Carlton, who is to convey them to the King*. CARLTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Eustace de Corson, Thomas de Berkedich, and Robert de Wethen, hold thirty acres of land in the town of Carlton in the county of Norfolk, by the serjeanty of carrying to our lord the King, wheresoever he should be in England, twenty-four pasties of fresh herrings at theii- first coming in f • WL\G FIELD, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. Geoffrey Frumband held sixty acres of land in Wingfeud in * Camd. Brit. tit. Norfolk. ubicunque fuerit in Anglia, viginti et quatuor f Eustachiiis de Corson, Thomas de Ber- pastillos dc fresh alec, in primo adventu. Pla. k«dicli, et Iloberlus de Wethen, tencjitt tri- Coron. de ami. 14 Edw. I. Rot. 3. Norf, ginta acras .terrae in villa de Carlton in ■com. Blount, 67. Norfolk, per seijantiam ducendi domino Regi, the 193 the county of Suffolk, by the service of paying to our lord the King two white doves yearly *. MIDLOVENT, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. William de Thadeham holds two hides of land at Midlovent in the county of Sussex, of our lord the King in capite, and he used to pay for the same unto him yearly, two w hite capons ^ ; and now he pays a mark ■]-. % Duos Chapones albos. Two white capons. BOSEHAM, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. William Papylon holds land in Boseham by the same service '^.. Roger Papilon holds one messuage, one mill, and three yard lands in Boseham in the county of Sussex, by the service of carry- ing two white capons to our lord the King, as often as he should pass by the gate of the said Roger §. ELSTON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Thomas Rooper and William Wright claimed against Francis Leek, Esq. the manor of Elston in the county of Nottingham, with * GalfridusFrumband tenuit sexagintaacias J Et Willielmus Papylon tenet teiram in terrae in VVingfeud in com. Suffolk, per ser- Boseham per idem servitium. Plac. Coron. viliuni reddendi doraino Kegi duas albas co- de ann. 7 Edw. I. Rot. [).'). Sussex. Blount, lumbas per annum. Plac. Coron, 4 Edw. I. 82. Rot. 6. dorso. Blount, 77. ^ Rogerus Papilon tenet unum niessuagium, •[■ Willielmus de Thadeham tenet duas hidas unum molendinum, et tres virgatas terr* in terra apud Midlovent in com. Sussex, de do- Boseham in com. Sussex, per servitium por- icino Rege in capite, et solebat reddere pro tandi domino Kegi duos albos capones, quo- eadem terra domino Regi per annum dux)s tiens transierit per portam ipsius Rogeri. Plac. chaponesajbos, et modo reddit unam marcam. Cor. l(i Edw. I. Rot. G7. dorso. Sussex. Plac. Coron. de ann. 7 Edw. I. Rot. 93. Blount, 83. Sussex. Blount, 82. c c the 194 the appurtenances, and the rent of one pound of cummin seed, two pairs of gloves, and a steel needle, in Elston, Thorpe, and Stoke by Newark *. FINCHINGFIELD, COUNTY OF ESSEX. John Conipes held this manor of King Edward III. by the ser- rice of turning the spit at his Coronation ■f. EDBURTON, COUNTY OF BUCKS, In William the First's time was a royal manor, and some vlro-ates of land here were given by the King, that the owner should find litter <|[, or straw, for the King's bed, when he came there X- ^ Literitium. This word, not noticed by our Glossaries, is derived from the Fr. lit, and signifies bedding, though now applied only to animals, and frequently to dirt and disorder. Gough. See also note under Brokenerst, p. 180. WRITTEL, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Gilbert de Mapertshale holds two hides of land there by serjeanty of being lardiner ||*|1 §. 11*11 The officer in the King's household who presided over the larder. Kelham's Diet, of Norm. French. * Mich. 32 Hen. VIII. Rot. 122. Nottingh, § Gilbeitus de Mepeitshale, tenet duas hidaj, Blount, 87. per serjantiam lardinariae. Ex. Lib. Rub. t Caind. Brit. tit. Essex. Scacc. Appendix to Brady's Introduct. p. 23. X Gough's Cauad, edit. 1789; vol. i. p. 314. OGRES, 195 OGRES, OR OWRES, COUNTY OF DORSET. William le Moynne held the manor of Ogres, of our lord the King in capite, by the service and scrjeanty of being caterer (or pur- veyor) in the Kind's kitchen, and keeper of his larder *. CUMBERTON, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. The small manor of Heveds in this parish, belonged, when the survey of Domesday was taken, to Erchanger the Baker: it ap- pear, that, in the reign of Henry HI. it was the property of Robert de Uerdevvyk, who held it by the serjeanty of providing a hot simnel evea'y day for the King's dinner, for which service he was allowed a quarter of wheat every week, and all the bran of the bread made from the King's demesne -j^. This estate being then in the family of Hev«d, is described in a record of the ensuing reign, as held by the service of being the King's baker :[:. WELLS, COUNTY OF DORSET. Richard de Wells held tliis manor ever since the Conquest by the service of being baker to our lord the King §. * Willielmus le Moyniie tenuk m. de Ogres, beret idem Robertas habere qualibet septi- -de R. in capite, per ser. seriarrtiaj qiiod esset niaiia unum quarterium fruna'ti et totum furfur emptor coquinse, et CMStos lardenarij Regis. rovisions '\. Many lands were from time to tijue granted on condition of yielding such supplies, but these reservations were small, and many of them only to be rendered when the King travelled into the country Avhere the lands lay. In some, special care was taken that he should not make this service burthensome by corainor too often ; as in the case of William, son of William Alesbury, who held lands in Alesbury, by finding (amongst other things) three eels for the King when he should come to Alesbury in the winter, and two green geese in the summer; but this was not to exceed three times in the year§. The town of Yar- mouth in Norfolk is bound to send to the sheriffs of Nor- wich a hundred herrings, which are to be baked in twenty- four pies or pasties, and thence delivered to the lord of the manor of East Carlton, who is to convey them to the King. * Collinsou's Hist, of Somerset, vol. iii. ;{: Blackstoiie's Com. lib. ii. cap. vi. p. 99. p. 89. ^ Blount's Tenures, p. 123. t Kennel's Paroch. Antiq. p. b'l. They 198 They are still sent to the clerk of the kitchen's office at Saint James's; but the pies could never have been of much ser- vice as provisions, unless they were made differently from what they now are, as our ancestors had stronger teeth and stomachs than we have *. In 1778 the sheriffs of Norwich at- tended with them in person, and claimed the following allow, ance in return, viz. ?at 5 6 White loaves , „ , ,,, , , ., , Vout of the lungs kitchen. 6 Dishes of meat 1 Flaooon of wine. »» 1 Flajrscon of beer. 1 Truss of hay. 1 Bushel of oats. 1 Pricket of wax. 6 Tallow candles. But no precedent appearing of these things having been delivered, they were refused :j'. ASHWELL HALL, COUNTY OF ESSEX. In the reign of King Henry 11. the fnanor af Ashwell was pos- sessed by a family surnamed from it de Ashwell, and afterwards jointly by the families ©if Ashwell and Semenour, or SomneriJ:. They held it in petit serjeairty, by the service of finding a broche, or spit of maple, to roast the King's meat, on the day of his Coro- nation^!. * Blount's Tenures, p. 135. quis. et Fragni. Antiq. or Antient Tenures, t Records of the Board of Green Cloth. p. 52. Arcliacologia, vol. viii. pp. 3S0, 331. § Morant's Hist, of Esse.x, vol. ii. p. 369, 1 Liber ruber de serjeanc'. fol. 19, et In- and Note. f The 190 f The serjcancy, at first, was of being liostilarius doniini Reo-is, The word hostilarius is derived from the French hosteher, entertainer of guests or strangers ; and is used by Henry de Knyo-hton col. 2371. Query, whether it was not something hke almoner? In the Inquisition, 22 Edw. I. it is thus expressed; quod quidem servitium solebat fieri per serjantiam hostilarii. It was converted into a yearly payment of Os. 8d. into the Kino-'s Ex- chequer. Morant. " ' NEWTON SERMANVILE, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. John Burnell, son and heir of Henry Burnell, Esq. holds three messuages, eleven tofts, one pigeon-house, one garden, one caru- cate, one hundred and sixty acres of land, &c. with the appur- tenances, in Newton Sermanvile, in the county of Somerset, of our lord the King, by the service and rent of one table cloth, and one towel, of the price of twenty shillings yearly, at the feast of St. Michael the Archangel, for all services *. TORELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX. William Torell holds Little Torell by serjeanty of the Napei-j f f. f Napery. See Ashelee, p. 04. W ALTIIAM, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Mamgarus le Napper held land in Waltham by serjeanty of the Napery X- * Johannes Bumell, filius et heres Henrici Michi's f. anno 7 Henricj V'll. Rotulo tertio, Rurnel, Ar'. tenet tria mess', xi toft, uniim Hail. MS. Brit. Miis. No. 5174, p. 9. colimibar' unum gardinum, unam camcatam, f \\ illielmus Toiel tenet Parva Toriel per clx acr'. terr'. &c. cum pertin'. in Newton Ser- serjantiam ISapariae. E\ L.\h. Hub. Scacc. manvile, in com. predict', de diio Rege, per Append, to JJiady's Introduct. p. 2^. servic'. et redd', vnius mappae, et vuius mami- J Mamgarus ie Napper terrain in WaJtIiam tergij, precij xx s. annuatini, ad festnm Sancti per serjantiam napariiv, Ibid. '24, Micliaelis Archangeli pro omnibus servicijs, WIN- 200 WINCHESTER, COUNTY OF HANTS. In the 12(h year of King Edward 11. Robert de Dunstaple paid or rendered at the Exchequer, three pilches of grey ^, each having seven fesses, viz. for the Btli, 0th, and lOtli year of the present King, due for a tenement in the city of Winchester, Avhich he held of the King in ca[)ite. And the said throe |>ilches were deUvered to John de SJokeshy, one of the Ushers of the Exchequer, to be carried to Ralph de Stokes, clerk of the King's great wardrobe*. ^ Pellicia de Griseo. See Pelicium de Griseo, in the note on Lyndeby, p. 188. ELMESALE, COUNTY OF YORK. John Rcsett, (amongst other things) gave to the King eight-pence for his relief for forty-eight acres of land in Elmesale, in (he county of ^ork, which John his falhcr held of the King, by the service of paying at the Castle of Pontefrac(, one pair of gloves furred with fox's skin, or oight-|)ence, yearly j-. * Suliamtori Roherlus rie Dunstaple, te- nens tenariiin rjir.e fiii'iiint Willicliiii le Tail- lour, refldit ad Scaccariuui xxvilj die .lulij, tria pellicia de griseo, (juorutii tpiodlibet est He vij fessis, pro tribus annis, videlicet pro annis octavo, nouo, et tlecimo Kegis nunc, pro quodain tenemento quoil de Ifegc tenet in ca- pite in civitate \Vyntonia\ Et memorandum quod predicta tria pellicia, liberantur Jolianni ons ^ when our lord the King shall conu' fo the Rape of ArundcU ; and the land is Avorth yearly twenty shillings |.. ^ Quatuor albos capones. See note on I^IidloAcnt, [). 103. * Pli'us Bassclt tcnuit cle 11. in capite ma- j; Will, de Gundevill tenet quandum ser- ner'.dcWockiug, in coin. Surr. |)er servic'dim. jaiiliain in Louinlon, scil. uiiain liydani terie, feodi niilitis, et pro uno p;iii cirothccaruni fm- per quatuor albos capones, redd, quando dlis rat'de grisio, reddend. aniiualim ad Scaccariuiu T{ex vcnerit ad Kupuin de Aruiidell ; cl terra Ilegis. Esc. temp. Regis Edw.fil, R. Johauuis. valet per ann. x.\ solid. Escact. in com. Sus- Ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 708, p. 17. sex temp. lien. HI. llarl. MS. Brit. Mas. -(■ Lib. Domesday, tit, Ccstre. No. 313; p. 24. D D LEYHAM, 202 LEYHAM, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. PhilippaRoos (Lady le Roos), widow, one of the sisters and heirs of John late Earl of Worcester, Joan Ingoldesthorpe another sister and heir of the said late earl, and Edward Dudley, then Lord Dud- ley, the next of kin and another heir of the said late eai'l, acknow- ledged that they hekl of the King, in capite, a third part of a capital niessuao-e in the manor of Leyham, in the county of Suffolk, and one hundred and eighty acres of land and a half, four acres of pasture, &c. rendering one capon, and the third part of one capon .|§|., and the third part of one pound of pepper, and by the service of the fpr- tieth part of one knight's fee *. J§|. Tertiam partem unius caponis. See note on Redworth, SELXESTON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON. Geoffery de Brauntesdon, son and heir of John de Brauntesdon, made fine with our lord the Kino- for his relief for one messuage, three cottages, and three yard lands, in Selneston, which the said John held of the King, in capite, by the service of keeping the King's wines, when they should happen to be in his cellar at Selneston t- * Philippa Roos, vkltia, Diia le Roos, una 3 lien. VII. Ro. 3. Hail. MS. Brit. Mus. sororuin et heredum .Idliannis niiper Coniitis No. .5174, p. 3. Wigoni. Johanna Ingoldesthorpe, altera so- -j- Galfridus de Brauntesdon, filius et heres rornm et heredum ipsiu* nuper comitis, et Ed- Johannis de Brauntesdon, fecit finem cum wardus Dudley, tunc Dris Dudley, consang'. diio Rege, pro relevio suo, pro uno niessua- ct alter hered. ipsius nuper Comitis cogti' se te- gio, 3 cotagiis,et tribus virgat. terra; in Selnes-r iiere de R. in capite, terliam p'tm. capitalis ton, quas dictus Johannes tenuit de Kege in mess. m. de Le_\hani, iu com. Suff. 180 acr. capite, per servitium custodieudi vina diii. terr. et diniid'. 4 acr. pastur'. &c. redd, vn' quando sunt in celario apud Selneston. De caponis, et tertiam p'tem unius caponis, et tern\ino Trin. anuo 33° Edw. I. Ibid, terliam p'tem uuius libre pipiris, de redd, per Ko. 34, p. 43. gerviciuiM xl"' p'tis unius f. mil. Hill. fin. anno BRAD- 203 BRADBRUGGE, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. Margaret, one of the sisters and heirs of Riehard de Whelj^lilon, held a moiety of one toft, one {)igeon-house, forty acres of land, and half an acre of pasture, with the appurtenances, at Bradbnifroe, in Boschani, in the county of Sussex, of our lord the King in socage, by the service of two white capons to be paid to our said lord the King, when the same lord the King should ride through the land aforesaid, for all services *. RONNEIIAM, COUINTY OF NORFOLK. In the ninth year of King Edward II. Ranulph de Helebek ren- dered at the Exchequer, two hundred pearmains, and two mo- diaf of wine, for the manor of Ronneham, which he held of the King in capite, in the county of Norfolk. The pearmains were delivered to John de Eggemere, usher of the exchequer, to be sent to the treasurer's wife, and the wine was delivered to the same per- son, to be kept by him till the treasurer came to the Exchequer -j-. ^ Modius vini. A hogshead of wine. Blount, * Margarcta, una filiaium et hercdimi lebek redilit ad Scaccariiim duceiita pire- Ric'i. de W helghtoii, tcnuit tned. uiiius tofti, manua, et duo niodia vlni, pro nianerio de uiiius coluuibaris, xl. aci'. ten', et dimid. acr'. Ronneham, quod de Rege tenet in capite, in pasture, cum pertinentiis, apud Bradebiugge, comitatu Norfolcia;. Et niemoiandum qiwd in Boseham, in com. Sussex, de drio Rege in piiemanna picdicta liberantur Jolianiii de Eg- socagio, per servitium duoru' capoiium albo- genicre hostiario ad mittendum consorti The- rum, eidem diio Regi solvend. cum idem saurarij per praeceptuni J. de Fo.xle, et vinum diius Rex per terram predirtam equitaverit pro prsdictum liberatur pnedicto Johanui de Eg- omui servitio. De termino Hillarii, anno gcmcre, custodiendum uscjue ad adventum 12 Ric. II. Ro. iij°. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. dicti Thesaurarij. Mich, iines, &c. 9 Edw . 11. No. 34, p. 30,5. Rot. 109. Madox's Hist. Excheq. p. 6l 1. t Norfolcia. Redditus. Rannlphus de He- D D 2 HEREFORD, 204 HEREFORD, THE TOWN OF. The prior of Hereford holds one messuage in Hereford, which Richard de Hay left to the church of St. Guthlace in Alms, and that messuao-e was held of our lord the Kinf^by the service of being his baker *. NEWBURGH, COUNTY OF SALOP. Alexander de Newburgh owes the service of beintj vintner to our lord the King for Newburgh j-. CHESHAM, COUNTY OF RUCKS. Richard de Wed on gave to the King twelve shillings and six- pence, for his relief of two messuages, and three parts of one yard land, &c. with the appurtenances, in Chesham, lield of the King by the serjeanty of being Naperer^ of our lord the Kingj:. LITTLE MESSENDEN, COUNTY OF BUCKS. Walter Mauntel held a certain serjeanty in Little 3Icssenden, by being Naperer^ of our lord the King§. * Prior (le Hcrefoid tenet unum messuag'. in Hereford, quod IJic'us. dc Uaya legavit eccl'ie. S". Giithlaci in F.ljinosinam, et mes- suagiuni illiid tenebatur de duo Rege per servi- ciuni pistoris. De Seriancijs teiup. Ilcn. II. Harl. MS. 15rit. Miis. No. G7G5, p. 34, from Testa de Nevil. •[ Altxaiider de Novo Burgo debet servlc'. viiiar' dni Regis de Novo Burg. Salopp. Te- nentes in cap. de diio Rege per seriant'. Ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 1087, p. 15. ;j: Ric'us. de Wedoii dat Regi xii s. vi d. pro rekvio suo de duobus niessuagiis, tribus par- ■tibus iiuius virg. terras, &c. cum pertinentijs, in Chesham, de Rege per seijantiam essendi na- paiius dni JRegis. De termino ISlich. auuo 13 Edw. HI. Ibid. No. 34, p. 145. § Seijantia Walter! Mauntel, in i-*arva Mes- senden, pro qua debuit esse naparius diii Re- gis. Serj. 8vC. com. Bucks. Ibid. No. 313, p. 53. ^ Naparius. 205 ^ Napaiius. A table-declvcr, or one who took charge of the napery (table-cloths, and other linen). See Ashelee, p. G4. THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF LINCOLN, Was obliged yearly for its lands to pay the King of England a rich cloak furred with sables, which custom was bought out wifh one thousand marks of silver, by Hngh Bishop thereof, tcnjp. Richard I.* REDEN COURT, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Joane Swinderton, sister and heir of Thomas Newenton, died in 14-45, possessed of the manor of Redene, alias Reden Court. She had in 1422 passed this manor to trustees, I suppose, for a settle- ment. It contained one messuajjc and one hundred acres of arable, formerly William Flemings, holden of the King by the service of finding Litter j|||. in the King's chamber as often as he came tp Havering -j-- %\\X See note on Edburton, p. 194, CLYXBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. Jobn de Clyxby, parson of the church of Symondesburnc, ac- knowledrj^d himself to hold one messuage, and three oxffanofs and a half of land, with the appurtenances, in Clyxby, in the county of Lincoln, of the King, in capite, by the service of one night-cap, (or hood) and one falcon, to be paid to the King yearly at Mi- * Daniel's Citron, p. 105. Polevvhek's Hist. f Jlorant's Hist, of Essex, vol. i. p. 64. ■«f Cornwall, vol. ii. pp. 60, Gl. chaelmas. 206 chaelmas, for all services ; which said night-cap was appraised at a halfpenny *. WESTIIENRETII, COUNTY OF BERKS. AVilliam de Spersholt holds a third part of Westhenreth, of the King in capite, by tlie service of purchasing ale in the household of our lord the King •]: MIDELINTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Ilenry Fitz William holds of our lord the King one piece of land in Midelinton, by the serjeanty of finding one towel to wipe the hands of our lord the King, when he shall hunt in the forest of Witchwood, in the parts of Lankeleg, and that land was worth forty shillings %. BRAY, COUNTY OF BERKS. Hugh do Saint Philibert holds of our lord the King, in the town of Bray, fifty shillings of land, by the serjeanty of serving our lord the King with his boots §. * Johannes de Cljxby, persona ecclesie de Symondesbuin, attach, tanquam se tenere unum messiiagiuin, et tres bovat terr. et dimid'. cum pertin'. in Clyxby, in com. Lincohi, de Rege m capite, per servitiuin uiiius capicij, et pro uuo falcone, Rcgi annuatim solvend'. ad festum Sancti Mich'is, pro omni servitio, quod quidem capitium appreciaiur ad ob*. De termiuo Trin. a° 33 EHw. ill. Rot. 1. Harl. MS. ]Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 212. t VVillielmus de Spersliolt tenet terciam par- tem ,de VVestlieurelh de liege in capite, quod debet emere cervis' in hospicio dni Regis, &c. Rotuli Hundredorum Berk', vol. i. p. 16. J Henric' filius Williehiii ten', de duo Rege in Midelinton, una tra, per serjantiam inveiiiendi una tualliani ad nianus dui Regis, tergend' quando venat' in foresta de VVige- wode in p'tibus de Lankeleg, el valet XLS. terra ipa. Escaet' dni Regis de com. Oxon. Testa de Nevil, p. 107. § Hugo de Sco' Phiiiberto tenet de diio Rege in villa de Bray L solid', terre per ser- jant' serviendi de ocreis dni Reg'. Esc. com. Berks. Ibid. p. 108. NIWENTON, 207 NIWEXTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Emma de Hamton holds of our lord the Kinor in the town of Nivventon, forty shillings of land, by the service of cutting out the linen clothes of the King and Queen *. THE TOAVN OF LANCASTER. William Gardinar holds seven acres of land in Lancaster, by the service that he should find in the castle, pot herbs and leeks, and his land is worth two shillings and four-pence -f. LUDEWELL, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Robert de Eston and Jordan de AVotton hold of our lord the King one hide of land, in the town of Ludewell, by the serjeanty of preparing or dressing the herbs of our lord the King in Wood- stock ::|:. WINTERBURN, COUNTl^ OF WILTS. Gunnore de la More held a certain serjeanty in Winterburn, for which he was to keep the brushwood ^ and litter of our lord the King§. * Emma de Hamton tenet de diio Rege in J Robertus de Eston et Jordanus de Wotton villa de Niwenton, xl s. teiTe per serviciu ten', de dno Rege una hidam ter'. in villa de scindendi linos pannos diii Regis et Regine. Ludewell, per s&rjantiam parandi herbarios Escaet' diii Regis de com. Oxon. Testa de diii Regis in Wodestokes. Ibid. p. 107. Nevil, p. 107- § Serjantia Gimnore de la More in Win- ■f Willielmus Gardinar tenet vij acras terre terburn, per quam debuit ciistodire buscam et in Lane', per servic' quod invc'iat' in castro literam dtli Reg'. Ibid. p. 146. olera et porrecta, terra sua valet ij s. iiij dew'. Ibid. p. 372. f Busca, 208 % Biisca, (Fr. Busclie) underwood, billet, also brushwood, Blount's Law. Diet. sub. voce. GOULTHORP, BILLINGELAY, and SWINTON, COUNTY OF YORK. Our lord the King; had ciohteen borates of land and a half in Goullhorp, Blllingelay, and in S^vinton, which were his escheats, and he gave them to Daniel Pincerne by the service of one sex- lary [*] of wine, with the flaskets ||§||, to be rendered at London, at the feast of Saint Michael, and that land was worth five marks *. ["] Sextary. See note on Stoney Aston, p. 190. |1§H Flaskota. See note on Svvinton. SECT. YIL 0/ Pciil Se7Jecmties perfotmed hy Jceeping and tahing Care of the Kimrs Whores, Laundresses, and Women. BOROUGH OF GUILDFORD, COUNTY OF SURREY. Robert Testard held certain land in the town of Guldeford, l)y * Pex lialjuit xviij bovat' teire et di' in flasclietis, reddend' apud London, ad festum Goultliorp, Billingelay, et in Swinton, que Sci' ^licli'is, valet v iii'r. Testa de Nevil, p, fuerunt eschaete sue et illas dcdit Dauieli 375. Pinc'iie per seiviciii unius sextav' vini^ cum serjeanty 209 sorjeanty of keeping the whores^ in the court of our lord the King. And it is set at xxv s. a year rent*. Thomas de la Puille holds one serjeanly in the town of Guldeford, of the gift of Richard Testard, for which he formerly used to keep the laundresses §.|.§ of the King's court; and now he pays at the Exciiequer xxv s. -j- ^ By meretrices was, in these limes, understood laundresses. Blount. But certainly the King's household used to he furnished with meretrices, properly so called ; for, amongst ihe articles devised for the establishment of good order in the King's household, 22 Hen. VIII. is the following, ^iz. " That the Knioht Marshal take good regard that all such unthrifty and common women as foiloAv the court be banished." Cap, 41. Archseologia, vol. iii. p. 155. E. The laundresses are called lolrices in the next article. P. ^j.§ Loti'ices. Laundresses. A. BOCKHAMPTON, COUNTY OF BERKS. William IToppeshort holds half a yard-land, in that town, of our lord the King, by the service of keeping for the King six damsels. * Robertas Testard teniiit quandain terrnm tiam in villa de Guldeford de dono Richardi in villa de Guldeford, per serjantiam custodi- Testard, per quam aliquando solebat servare endi meretrices in curia domini Regis. Et lotrices curiae domini Regis, et modo reddit arrentata est ad xxv s. Plac.Cor. 19 Hen. Ill, ad Scaccarium xxvs. Piac. Coron. de ann. Surrey. Blount, 8. 39 Hen. HI. Surrey. Blount, 79- t Tliomas de la Puille tenet unani serjan- E E to 210 to wit, whores <[[, at the cost of the King *. This was called pimp- tenure -[•. GATESIIILL, COUNTY OF SURREY. Robert de Gatton holds the manor of Gateshill, m the county of Surrey, by the serjeanty of being Marshal of twelve girls who fol- lowed the King's court :|:.^ Hamo de Gatton holds the manor of Gateshull, in the county of Surrey, of our loi^d the King, by serjeanty of being Marshal of the whores ^ when the King should come into those parts. And he was not to hold it but at the will of the King§. ^ The word meretrices was heretofore used for lotrices, or laun- dresses. Blount. Tralatitious Terms, meretrix meant formerly what it now means. Gustos raeretricium publice veuahuni iii liupanari de Roth. A. In the Gent. Mag. for 1773, p. 302, it is said,, that,^ " among other stranjre customs in Enoland, there is one, that, whenever the King conies to Lothesly manor, near Guildford, tlie lord is to pre- sent his Majesty with three whores.^' * Willielmiis Hoppeshoit tenet dimidiam Marescalli duodecim puellarum qaa; sequuntiar virgatam terrse in eadein villa de doiniuo Rege, curiam doniini Regis. Plac. Coron. 19 Heu. per servitium custodieiuli domino Regi sex III. Surrey. Blount, 80. daniisellas, scil. meretrices, ad custum domini ^ Hamo de Gatton tenet manerium' de Regis. Plac. Coron. apud A\ indesor, 12 Gateshull, in com. Surrey, dc domino Rege, lidw. I. Rot. 28, ill dofso. Blount, 39. per serjantiam ut erlt Marescallus nieretricttm •f Jacob's Law Diet, sub voce Pimp-Te- cum dominus Rex venerit in partibus illis, et Dure. non tenet nisi ad voluntatem ipsius Regis. J Robertus de Gatton tenet manerium de Plac. Coron. 19 Heu. HI. Surrey. Blount, Gateshill, in com. Surrey, per ierjantiam 82, At 211 At p. 358, a correspondent in some measure rectifies the misiaket by informing; us, that, " instead of Lothesly, it was the manor of Catteshili that was meant ;" and that this manor " was holden by the service of beinji Marslial of the meretriccs when the Kinsidence of the £Ourl at Odiluim, in its neighbourhood *. SCIIYREFE^D, or SHIIIEFIELD, COUNTY OF HAMS. John de Wintershul holds the manor of Scliyrefend, in the county * Gent. Mag. 1789, p. SCO, and scq. aforesaid, 215 aforesaid, by the serjoanty of finding a serjeant to keep the >vhoies in the army of our lord the King *. See p. 79. ESTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Henry de la Mare holds, in the town of Eston, two marks of land, by the serjeanly of keeping the whores, who followed the court of our lord the King f .. sect: VIII. Of Petit Sojeanties relating to the Execution of the Lcm's. AYLESBtlRY, COUNTY OF BUCKS. Margery de Aspervil held one yard-land of our lord the King in capite, in Aylesbury, in the county of Bucks, by the serjeanty of keeping all the distresses made for the King's debt by the summons of the Exchequer:!;. * Johannes de Wintreshul tenet maneriuna de Shyrefend, in com. praedicto, per serjantiain ii>veniendi unum serjantum ad custodieiidnm meretrices in exercitu domini Regis. Plac. Coron. 8 Edw. I. Rot. 13. South. Blount, 85. t Henricus de la Mere tenet in villa de Eston ij marc' terre per serjantiam custo- diendi meretrices sequentes curiam dni Regis. Testa de Nevil, I Margeria de Aspervil tenet unamr virga-- tam terrse de domino Rege in capite, in Ayles- bury, in com. Bucks, per serjantiam custo-- diendi omnes districtiones factas pro debito domini Regis per summonitionem Scaccarii, Pla. Cor. in com, Bucks, 14 Edw. I. Blount, 41. BAKTON, 21G BAKTON, COUNTY OF DEVON. Geoffrey Arblaster holds certain land in Baklon, in the county of Devon, by the serjeanty of keeping the gaol of the county of Exeter*. BRODEIIA^l, COUNTY OF DEVON. Geoffrey de la Hull, and Millicent his wife, hold one ferling f of land in Brodeham, in the county of Devon, by the serjeanty of being bedel of our lord the King in that hundred j-. <^ Ferlingus, or ferlingata terra^, is the fourth part of a yard-land. iBlount. See Virgata Terrae, under Nether Overton, p. 130, and ISida Terrjp, under Badew, p. 143. The same as Ferdcll, 'F^ardingdcal, or Ferundell. But qua?re. E. WINDESOR, COUNTY OF DORSET. John de Windesor held the manor of Windesor, in the county of Dorset, which was worth twenty pounds a year, by serjeanty that he and his heirs shoidd weigh the money lount, 48. ■f Hospitalarii tenent in Hereford, ununi messuagium cum pertin. quod Piiilippus filius Oclonis tenuit per serjantiam cacbepolli, quod eis legavit in puram eleemosj'nam. Testa de Nevil. Blount, 49. . • F P T\YIG- 218 TWIGWORTH, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. Robert le Sauvage holds one yard-land in Twigworth, of our lord the King, by the service of five shillings a year ; and he ought to carry the King's writs, which come to the sheriff through that county, at his own proper charge *. STAPELTON, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. John de Allebyr holds one yard-land in Stapelton, in the county of Gloucester, by serjeanty of carrying the writs of our lord the King from the Castle of Gloucester, one day's journey 1I§|I, at his own proper charge, and further at the charge of the King f . |1§|| Dieta. A day's journey. Blount. See Ainsworlh's Diet, of Lavv Latin. WALETON, OR WALTON, COUNTY OF LANCASTER. Richard de Waleton holds fourteen oxgangs of land ^ with the appurtenances, in Waleton, in the county of Lancaster, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of making executions of the writs of our lord the King, and attachments in the wapentakes of Derby and Makcrfieid ; and he is bailiff of the same in fee %. f See Carleton, p. 145. SIN- * Robertus le Sauvage tenet unam virgatam terrae in Stapelton, in com. Glouc. per serjan- terrae in Twigewoilh de domino Rege, per ser- tiam ad portandnm brevia domini Regis de vitium quinque solidorum per annum, et debet Castello Gloucestrise, per unam dictam ad portare bievia domini Regis quae veniunt ad custuni suum proprium, et ultra ad custum vicecomitem per coniitalnni istud, ad custum domini Regis. Plac. Itin. ut supra. Eiount; suum proprium. Plac. Itin. de anno 5 Hen. HI. 56. Glouc. Blount, 56. + Richardus de Waleton tenet quatuordecim •[ Johannes de Allebyr tenet unam virgatam bovatas terrx cum pcrlineutiis in Waleton, in com. §10 SINGLETON-PARVA, COUNTY OF LANCASTER. Thomas de Singleton liold.s Little Singleton, in tlic county of Lancaster, by the service of making attachments and executions of the writs of our lord the King, and attachments of pleas of the crown, in the Avapentakes of Amonderness and Blackburnshire, from the day his father died seised *. GLAPTON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Gervas de Glapton, John de Skerrington, and others, hold a moiety of one messuage and of three oxgangs of land in Glapton, by the service of finding an under-bailifT, for the fee of Peverell, in the county of Nottingham -j . ABBEFORD, COUNTY OF OXON. Lawrence of the Exchequer held two carucates of land in Abbe- ford, in the parish of Aston, by the serjeanty of being Marshal before the Justices in Eyre, through all Enghand, and before the Justices of the Bench, and the Barons of the Exchequer .{:. com. Lane, de domino Rege, per seijantiam rington, et alii, tenent medletatem unius nies- faciendi executiones ad brevia domini Regis, siiagii et trium bovatarum terrse in Giiapton, et attachianienta in wapentachiis de Derby et per servitium inveniendi unum sub-bailivuni, Makerfield, et est ballivus eorundem de feodo. pro feodo Peverelli, in com. Nottingham. Plac. Plac. Coron. anno 20 Edw. I. Lane. Blount, Coron. de anno 3 Edw. IIL Rot. 6. in dors. 63. Netting. Blount, 72. * Tliomas de Singleton tenet Parvum Sin- J Lanrentius de Scaccario tenuit duas caru- gleton, in com. Lane, per servitium faciendi catas terrje in Abbeford, in parochia de Aston, attachiamenta et executiones ad brevia domini per serjantiam essendi Marescallus coram Jus- Regis, et attachiamenta ad Placita Coronas in ticiariis Itinerantibus per totam Angliam, et wapentachiis de Amonderness et Blakebum- coram Justiciariis de Banco et Baronibus de schire, die qua pater suus obiit seisitus. Plac. Scaccario. Plac. Coron. 13 Edw. L O.xon. Coron. ut supra. Blount, 63. Blount, 72. - "f Gervasius de Glapton, Johannes de Sker- F F 2 NET- 220 ^ NETTLEBED, COUNTY OF OXON. Oliver de Stanford held certain land in Nettlebed, in the county of Oxford, by the serjeanty of being Sealer of the Writs |1§|1 in the Chancery of our lord the King *. |J§|| Serjantiam Espicurnantise. By the office of spigurnel, or sealer of the King's writs in Chancery. Blount. WYLINGTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. Walter de la Lynde holds the bedellery |.*j of the hundred of Wylington, and of the hundred of West-Peret, in the county of Somerset, by the serjeanty of finding bedells X*t^ to do the office of bedells ^^j, in the hundreds aforesaid : and the said Waltev says, that our lord King Henry (III) father of our lord the now King (Edward I.) granted to John de Lvere several in this forest of Cank. Blount. TEYNTON, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. Hugh de Kilpec holds the manor of Little Teynton, in the county of Gloucester, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of keeping the Hay of Hereford :|.§|. at his own cost. He had two daughters, Avho were his heirs, of whom Philip Marmion married one, and William de Cantilupe had the custody of the other for the King:!:. X^X This Hay of Hereford was a great woodland ground near the city, and heretofore reputed a forest. Blount. * Carta 1 Job. m. Q9- Blount, 132. sunt ejus hzeredes, quarum Philippus Mar- •f- Escaet. 30, Edw. 1. n. 43. Blount, 30. mioii desponsavit unam, et WiJIielmus de Can- ;}: Hugo de Kilpec tenet manerium de Parva tilupo habet custodian) alterius per doin. Teynton, in com. Glouc. de dom. Rege, per Regein. Plac. Coron. 32 Hen. III. Rot. 10. serjantiam scrvandi Hayam de Hereford ad in dorse. Blount, 5?. custuin suum. Idem habuit duas iilias, quae BUR- 243 BURSTALL, olim BORESTALL, COUNTY OF BUCKS. King Edward the Confessor gave the rangership of Bernwode forest, in Bucks, with a hide of land, to Nigell and his heirs, to be held by a horn. This Nigell had killed a large boar there, and this was his remuneration *. King Edward the Confessor had a royal palace at Brill, or Brehull, in Bucks, to which he often retired for the pleasure of hunting in his forest of Bern wood. This forest, it is said, was much infested by a Avild boar, which was at last slain by one Nio-ell, a huntsman, Avho presented the boar's head to the King; and for a reward the King gave him one hide of arable land, called Dere- hyde, and a wood called Ilulewood, with the custody of the forest of Bernwood, to hold to him and his heirs by a horn, which is the charter of the aforesaid forest. Upon this land Niirell built a lodo-e, or mansion-house, called Borestall, in memory of the slain boar. For proof of this, in a large folio vellum book, containing tran- scripts of charters, and evidences relating to this estate, (supposed to have been written in or before the reign of Henry VI.) is a rude delineation of the site of Borstall House and manor, and under it the figure of a man, presenting, on his knees, to the King, the head of a boar on the point of a sword, and the King returning to him a coat of arms, argent, a fesse gules, between two crescents, and a horn vert. The same figure of a boar's head was carved on the head of an old bedstead, now remaining in the tower or lodge of that antient * Mr. Pegge's Observations on the Horn as a charter ; Archaeologia, vol. iii. p. 3. KenuettV Faroch. Autiq. I I 2 house 244 house or castle, and the arms are now to be seen in the windows, and in other parts. And what is of greatest authority, the original horn, tipt at each end with silver, gilt, fitted with wreaths of leather to hano; about the neck, with an old brass seal ring, a plate of brass with the sculpture of an horn, and several lesser plates of silver, gilt, with Fleurs de Lis, (supposed to be the arms of Lisures, who intruded into this estate an office, at or soon after the Con- quest) has been all along preserved by the lords of Borstall, under the name of Nigell's Horn, and was in the year 1773, in the pos- session of John Aubrey, Esq. (son and heir of Sir Thomas Aubrey, Baronet) to whom this estate has descended, without alienation or forfeiture, from before the Conquest to the present time, by several heirs female, from the family of ISlgell to that of Aubrey. A:i inquisition was taken in the reign of King Henry III. (A. D. 12(5(5) in which are the following words : " Pra^dictus Willielmus, " filius jViaelli, et antecessores sui, tenucrunt dictas terram ct " balllvam de domino Rcge, ante tempus conquestiis Anglia? per " unum Cornu*, quod est charta praedicta? forests." i. e. the afore- said William Fitz INigell and his ancestors, held the said land and baifiwick of our lord the King, from before the time of the Conquest of England, by a horn, which is the charter of the afore- said forest*. And in die reijrn of Kino; Edward T., John Fitz Nigell b^lds one hide in Burstall, in the county of Bucks, of our lord the King, in * Arcliaeologiu, vol. iii. p. 1.5, where see a desiription of the horn, and a genealogical ac- print of the horn, and another of the plan of count of the families who have possessed the Borstall above mentioned. Also a particular estate from Nigell to the present time. the 245 the forest of Berncwode, by the scrjeanty mIiIcIi Is called llic Der- hyde, belono;in<^ to his bailiwick of keeper of the forest, whereof the said John was keeper in fee *. ALREDALE, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND. William de Boyville holds a serjeanty by finding a forester in the ward of Airedale, and he takes daily, for the support of his forester of the town of Airedale, three-pence from the feast of St. Michael to the feast of St. Philip and St. James the Apostles; and from that day to the feast of St. Michael, every day two- pence -f. BECKINGTREE, HUNDRED OF, COUNTY OF ESSEX. John le Parker holds half a hide of land by the serjeanty of keeping the park of our lord the King, and the o«twood ^, and it was worth yearly half a mark '^.. % Boscum Forinsecum. Outwood. E. * Johannes, filius Nigelli, tenet unam hi- dam in Bursta], in com. Bucks, de domino Rege, ill forcsto de Bernevvode, per serjan- fiam quae vocatiir Je Derhyde, pertinentem ad balHvam suani de custudiendo forebtam, unde idem Johannes est custos de feodo. Plac. Coron. in com. Bucks, 14 Edw. I. Elouiit, 41. ■f Willielmus de Boyvile tenet unam serjan- tiam, inveniendi imuni forestarium in warda de Airedale, et capit per diem, ad sui>tenta- tioncm forestarii sui de villa de Airedale, quo- libet die iiid. a festo Saiicti Micliaclis usqne ad festum apostolorum Piiiiiipi et Jacobi, ct i die illo usque ad festum Sancti Micliaelis sin- gulis diebus ii d. Plac. Cor. 20 Edw. I. -Cumbria. Blount, 4S. J Johannes le Parker tenet dimid. hidam terras, per serjantiam custodiendi parcum do- miiii Kegis et Boscum Forinsecum, et valet per annum dimidiam marcam. Plac. Cor. 11 Hen. III. Rot. 1, apud Clielmesford. Blount, ^0. ENFIELD, 246 ENFIELD, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. Richard de Plessetis holds twenty pound lands in Enefend, in the county of Middlesex, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of being Chief Forester of the King, in the forests of Menedop, Exemore, Rychiche, and Selewode, in the county of Somerset*. FROLLEBURY, COUNTY OF Hx\NTS. Henry de Edmunsthorpe holds one yard-land in Frollebury, in the county of Southampton, by the serjeanty of keeping the King's forest of Wytel f. BOREBACH axd CONELESFELD, COUNTY OF WILTS. Henry Sturmey, and 31. his wife, hold of our lord the King in capite, the manors of Borebach and Conelcsfeld, with the appur- tenances, in the county of Wilts, by the service of keeping the bailiwick of the whole forest of Savernake, and the farm ^ Avhich is called la Verme, in the forest aforesaid, and also by the service of finding one man armed with a coat of mail |l|j, when the lord the King should require him, on this side the sea: and for the keeping of the forest and farm f aforesaid, they are to enjoy all the rights and appurtenances under-written. All the foresters in fee * Richardus de Plessetis tenet viginti li- lapideam. See p. 73. Rot. 15. Blount, 65. bratas terrse in Enefeud, in com. Middlesex, t Henricus de Edmunsthorpe tenet unam de domino Rege, per serjantiam essendi capi- virgatam terrse in Frollebury, in com. South- talis forestarius domini Regis in forestis de ampton, per serjantiam custodiendi forestam Menedop, Exemore, Rychiche, et Selewode, domini Regis de VVjtel. Plac. Cor. 8 Edw. I. in com. Somerset. Plac. Coron. apud Crucem Rot. 23. Blount, 85. of 247 of the whole forest aforesaid, are to be attendant upon, and an- swerable to them, as to the chief forester of the forest afore- said ; and they are to have the horse and furniture, saddle, bridle, sword, and horn of the foresters in fee when they die : and they are to have their estovers, housebote, and heybote, througli the whole bailiwick aforesaid, and all amerciaments for defaults made in the court of the forest aforesaid : and all pleas of hares, nets ff, terriers |4» badgers §§, foxes, wild cats **, and partridges : and all amerciaments for the escapes of wild beasts [|.], and for dead wood -{-.l-f , through the whole year, except in the fence-month ::J;§+: and to have all their cattle, except sheep and goats, in the forest aforesaid, quit of herbage through the year ; and their hogs quit of pawnage through the whole year, except the fence-month. And they are to have the estrays through all the forest aforesaid, and the amerciaments for the expeditating*** dogs, and the aieries of sparhawks, honey, and nuts, and hips \\^.\\, through all the forest aforesaid, after ev( ry regard J^ made ; and to have their chace through the whole bailiwick of the forest aforesaid, at hares, foxes, wild cats**, badgers §§, and all such-like vermin. And they are to liave the dead wood in the aforesaid farm of the Verme, for three weeks before the feast of St, Michael, to be felled without a tool. And they are to have in the same farm whatsoever is blown down by the wind, except the woodfall .j-l, which belongs to our lord the King. And, after-pawnage ^, from the feast of St. Martin unto the feast of the Purification of the Blessed Mary. And all the croppings or boughs of timber 1^\\\. felled for the use of our lord the King, or given by the King, And liberty to dig for gravel [*], and toll for passage ^[|, through all the farm aforesaid : and the pasturage 248 pasturage of a certain nook (or corner) = of heath ground beyond Colput, &c * ^ Farm. Ccnsarlam. See Ains. Diet, of Law Lat. jjll Hominem arniatum ad Lorlcam. Armed with a coat of mail. Blount. Lorica. A coat of mail, either composed of ringlets of iron or small plates like scales, sewed on leather, so as to lap over each other. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i. p. 10, note (p.) * Ilonricus Sturmy, et M. uxor ejus, tenent de domino Rege in capite maneria de Bore- bach ct Conelesfeld, cum pertm. in com. Wihes, per servitium custodiendi balivam totius forestae de Savemake, et Censariam, qua vocalur la V'ernie in foresia pr^dicta, ct etiam per servitium inveniendi unum hominem armatum ad loricam, quando domiiius IJcx, cum liabere voluerit, citia mare. Pro qua quidem custodia Forestae et Censarias pra^diclae habere debent omnia jura et pertineutia sub- scripta. Oiiines forestarii de feodo totius fo- restae praadictae, erunt eis intendentes et re- spondentes, tanquam capital! forestario fo- restae pradictae, et debent habere equitaturam, solium, frenum, gladium, et cornu forestario- rum de feodo cum obierint. Et debent iiabere estoveriutn suum ad housebote et heybote, per totani balivam prjediclam, et on)nia amer- ciameiita facta in curia foresfje praedictae de defaltis. Et omnia placita de k-fioribus, recliibus, heymeciis, lessouibus, vulpibus, muiilegis, et perdicibus, et omnia amercia- meula de escapiis animaliuni, et mortuo bosco, per totiim auHum, excepto meiise vetito. Et omnia averia sua, exceptis bideii- tibus et capris, in foresta prjedicta quieta de her- bagio per annum, et porcos suos quietos de pan- nagio per totum annum, excepto mense vetito. Et debent habere extrahuras per totam fores- tarn praedictam, et amerciamenta de expedi- tatione canum, et aeria espervariorum, mel et nuces et cyppos, per totam forestam prie- dictam, post quodlibet regardum factum. Et habeiit chaceani suam per totam balivam foiestae pra'dictae ad lepores, vulpes, muri- legos, tessones, et ad omnimodas hujusmodi vermes. Et debent habere mortuum boscuni in praedicta censaria de la Verme, per tres Septimanas ante festum Sancti Michaeiis, sine utensiii prosternendum. Et debent ha- bere in eadem ceutaria quicquid vento pros- ternitur praeter cablicium quod pertinet ad douiinum Kegem. Et retropannagium a festo Sancti Martini usque ad festum Puriti- cationis Beatae Maria;. Et omnes Cooper- tiones de maeremio prostrato ad opus doniini Regis, vel dato per dominum Regem. Et sabulonarium, et chyminagium per totatn censariam prajdictam. Et pasturam ciijiis- dam anguli bruerie extra Colput, 8cc. Buudel. Petit. Pari. aiin. incerto Edw. III. in Turrse. Blount, 88. Loricam 249 Loricam consertam haniis, auroque trilicem. ' Viro^il J5neid. lib. iii. v. 67. Rutulum thoraca indutus alienis, Horrebat squanimis. Lib. xi. v. 487. Isidorus. Squamma est lorica ex laminis a?reis vel ferreis conca- tenata, in modum squammaruni piscis. Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 245, notes x, y. •f-)' llechibus. Blount. Retliibus. A. Nets. +X Heymectis, (from the British Amhaeh) a terrier. E. Lhuyd's Archseol. fo. 426. §§ Tessonibus. Badgers. Blount. From the French Taisson, or Tesson, the same. 4 Inst. 294. ** Murilrgis. Wild cats. Blount. So called a legendo mures, of catchinjj mice. 4 Inst. 294. [+] De Escapiis Animalium. For the escapes of wild beasts. Blount. •f.\-f Mortuo Bosco. Dead wood. Blount. :|:§:J: Mense vetito. The Fence Month (or forbidden Month) which was from fifteen days before Midsummer Day, to fifteen days after, and was also called Tempus de Foyneson, because the deer did then fawn, or bring forth their young. Blount. *** Amerciamenta de Expeditatione Canum. Expeditating dogs was the cutting out of the ball of their fore feet, to prevent them from running after game. Cromp. Jurisdict. 152. Jac, Law Diet, &c. E. \[W\ Cyppos. Hips. Blount. Probably mis-read for Ilyppos. P. ^ Regardum. Regard. Blount. Visitation by the foresters. A. K K 44 Cablicium, 250 ,.j-.|- Cabllcium. Woodfall. A. Cablicia, plu. A sort of brush- wood, or wind-fallen wood. Cablish. Ainsworth's Law Lat. Diet. E. Retropannagiam. This retro-paunage, I suppose, is the latter or after-paunage. For paunage begins at Michaehiias and ends at St. Martin's, in which time the beech-mast and acorns are ripe and fall. And retro-paunage begins at St. Martin's and ends at Candlemas, in which time hips and haws, and such-like berries, jield some nutriment to swine and poultr;y. Blount. Illl Coopertiones de Maeremio. Crops of wood or timber. Blount. Quaere if not mis-read for cropertiones ? P. [*] Sabulonarium. Liberty to dig gravel or sand. Blount. From sabulum, fine gravel. Ains. A. §||§ Chyminagium. (From the French chemin, a way or road.) Is a toll due by custom, for having a way through a forest. Jac. Law Diet. E. = An^ulum Bruerae. A nook of heath around. Blount. WORMHILL, COUNTY OF DERBY. Some persons formerly held lands at Wormhill, by the service of hunting and taking of wolves, from whence those persons were called Wolvehunt, as is manifest from the records of the Tower *. And Nicholas Foljambe holds one messuage and thirty acres of land in Wormhill, by the service of keeping the forest of High Peak in the Champion ^, with a bow and arrows, &c '\. * Camd. Brit. tit. Derbyshire. rest, de Alto Pecco in Campana, cum arcu et f Nicholus Foljambe tenet un. mess, et sagitta, &c. Ex record, in Turr. Lend. 13 XXX acr. terr. in Woroihill, per ousted. Jo- Edw. II. MS. penes F. F. Foljambe, Arm. % In Canipana. This may be rendered in the Champion, from the Fr. Canipagne, vide Du Fresne, vol. ii. col. 99. P. DELAMERE, THE FOREST OF, COUNTY OF CHESTER. The Denes of Utkinton were foresters by inheritance of this forest; they were of an honourable family, descended from Ra- nulph of Kingleigh, to >vhom Ranulph the first [de Meschines] Earl of Chester gave the inheritance of that office of forester*. Mr. Cole f says, that in 1755, being at Torporley in Cheshire, he took notice of these arms in one of the windows ; arjrent a buo-le horn stringed sable: they were also painted on the walls of the church. His kte worthy friend, that good antiquary, Mr. John Allen, rector of the parish, and senior fellow of Trinity College Cambridge, told him, that they belonged to the lords of the manor of Utkington, in this parish, as hereditary foresters of the forest of Delamere in that neighbourhood. H« afterwards shewed him the horn of office itself In the library at Utkington, since pulled down, and lately belonging to Sir John Crew, a curious antiquary of that county, and a descendant from the family of Done of Utkington. On Sir John Crew's decease, it came to the present possessor, his heir, John Arden, of Yorkshire, Esq. descended from the Done family, who has now this horn in his possession. By a monument in Tor- porley church, it appears that Sir John Done, who died in 1629, bore the said coat on an escutcheon of pretence over his own quar- terings, as chief forester of Delamere. The office and estate came to Henry Done, by Johanna daughter of Richard de Kingley, about 1233. Utkington, with the village of Kingley or Kingsley, was given by Randal Meschines Earl of Chester to Randal de Kino-sley, * Camd. Brit. tit. Cheshire. I. to the cathedral of Carlisle. Archaeloo^ia^ t Mr. Cole, on th* Horns, given by Henry vol. v. pp. 343, 344, K K 2 together 2^2 together with ihe bailiwick of the forest of Delamere. It appears by a deed (G Edw. II,) that Richard Done held the fifth part of the village of Kingsley, &c. by a quarter part of a knight's fee, and the master forestership of Mere [Delamere] and Mottram by himself and an horseman and eight footmen under him, to keep the forest, then valued at X' 10. 10s. 3d. WRITTEL, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Bryan Aquarius (the Waterman) holds the land which belonged to Walter de Martinwas', in Writtel, by the serjeanty of the forester- ship, and by twenty shillings rent*. WHITFIELD, COUNTY OF DERBY. John Foljambe, Esq. holds one messuage in Whitfield, and two oxgangs of land there, by the service of keeping the King's forest in Longdendale, in the forest of High Peak -j-. HATFIELD, olim IIETHFELD, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Godfrey de Barenton (Barrington) holds half a yard land in Hethfield, by the serjeanty of keeping the King's park, and wood in the same town .|. HAVERING, COUNTY OF ESSEX. William Hures holds his tenement in Havering by the serjeanty of keeping the park §. * Br^fanus Aquarius tenet terrain que fuit J Gofridus de Barenton tenet dimid. virgat. Walteri de Maitinwas in VVritele, per seijan- in Ilethfeld, per serjantiam custodiendi par- ciain forestariae, et per XX sol. Ex L.ib. Kub. cum Regis et boscum in eadeni villa. Ex Scacc. Append, to Bradj's Introduct. fo. 23. Lib. Rub. de Scacc. Append, to Brady's In- •)• Joliannes Foljambe tenet un'. messuagiuin troduct. fo. 23. in VVIiiifield, et ii bovat' terrae per servic'. § Willielmus Hures tenet tenementum suum custod. forestam Regis in Longdendale, info- in Havering per serjantiam custodiendi par- rrstadcAltoPecco. Ex Record in 'I'urr. Lond. cum. Ibid. 24. 2 Ww. IL MS. penes E. F. Foljambe, Arm. John 2-33 John Derwine holds his tenement there by scrjoanty of keeping the Ontwoodf*. ^ See note under Beckingfree, p. "24.5. FOREST OF CANNOK, COUNTY OF STAFFORD. Hunifrcy Swyncrton, son and heir of Anne, who was the wife of John Mytton, deceased, and before late wife of Thomas Swynerton, father of the aforesaid liumfrey, acknowledged that he held of the King in capite, the bailiwick and stewardship of the forest of Cannok, in the county of Stafford, by grand serjeanty, viz. by the service of beino; steward and bailiff of the forest afoi-esaid K HOPE, COUNTY OF DERBY. William Ileyr held lands in the town of Hope, by the service of keeping the Forest of High Peak in Hopdale X- HUNTINGDON, COUNTY OF STAFFORD. Richard Lytelton, and Alicia his wife, daughter and heir of Wil- liam Wynnesbury, acknowledged that they held, as in right of her the said Alicia, one messuage, one yard land, and twenty-seven shilhngs rent in Huntingdon, in the county of Stafford, of the King in capite, by grand serjeanty, viz. to keep the hayf of Tedesley in the forest of Cannok, in the county aforesaid §. ^ Hay am. See note on Brodgate Park. * Johannes Derwine tenet tenementutn suum serianciam, viz. per servic' essendi senescalliis ibidem per serjantiam custodiendi foiinsecuin et Ijallivus foreste predicte. Pasch. fin. anno boscum. Ex Lib. Rnb.deScacc. Append, to 19 Hen. VII. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. Brady's Introdtict. fo. 23. 5174, p. 20. •f- Hu:nfridus Swynerton, filius et heres J Willielmus Heyr ttn' terras in villa de Annae, que fuit uxor Johannis Mylton de- Hope, per serj. ciistod. forestain de Alto Pecco functj, et antea niiper uxor Thoma Swyner- in Hopdale. Escli. anno 26 Edw. I. Ibid. ton, patris predicti Humfridj, cognovit se te- No. 2037, p. 42. nere de Rege in capite ballivam senescalcie § Kicaidus Lytelton et Alicia uxor eiiis, fofeste de Cannok in com. Staff, per magnam filia et heres Willielnii Wynnesbury, cognovc- xunt 254 GILLINGHAM, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. Walter Joce held of the King in capite one carucate of land in the manor of Gillinghani, and he was to keep the forest and deer§||§ at his proper costs *. §1|§ Venationeni. Deer. See note on Stanhope. WELDON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON William Danvcrs held the manor of AVeldon by the service of being the King's huntsman, or keeper of his buck hounds, and he was to have in his keeping twenty-four buck hounds, and six hare dogs or greyhounds 'j-. Richard Pexsall, Esq, son and heir of Ralph Pexsall, and Editha his wife, held as of the inheritance of the said Editlia, the manor of Little Weidon with the appurtenances, in the county of Northampton, of the King, by the service of keeping and feeding, at their proper costs, fifteen running or hunting dogs, of our lord the King, in the time of Lent J. runt se tcncre ut in iure ipsius Alicie, Mnum -f- \\illielmus Danvers tenuit m. de Weidon, mess', unani viigat'. teir'. et xxvij s. redd', in per ser.' essendi venator R. de canibus suis da- Huiitingdon, in com. Staff, de R. in capite, matias liabend. in custodia sua 24 canes dama- per niagnam seriaiiciam, viz. custodieiidi hay- rios et sex Icporarios. Esc. anno 33 Edw. am de Tedcsley in foresta de Cannok, in com. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2087,p. 137. piedicto- MicL'is fin.anno 19 Regis Henrici :[: Ricardus Pexsall, ar'.filiuset heres Radulfi VII. Rotdo quarto. IlarL MS. Brit. Mus. Pexsall, ar'. et Edithe uxoris eius, tenet de Ko. 3174, p. 19. bered. dicte Editbe m. de Parva Weidon cum * Walter Joce tenuit de R. in capite ttnam pertin'. in com. predicto, de Rege, per servi- car*. terr'. in maner'. de Gellingliam, et cus- cium custodiendi et pasceiidi sumptibiis suis todiet forestam virid. et venae, ad proprium proprijs, quiudecim canes currentes dni R. custum, &c. Abridg. Inquis. post mortem, per 40 dies, tempore Quadragesimalj. Michi's County of Somerset, anno 49 Edw. III. Ibid. fin. anno 31 Ilea. VUI. Ibid. No. 3174, p. No. 4120, p. 8. 36, At 255 At the Coronation of King James II. the lord of the manor of Little Weldon, who at that time was also seised of the hailivvicks of keeper of the King's buck hounds, claimed to be keeper and master of the same, and to keep twenty-four buck hounds, and sixteen harriers, and to have certain fees and liveries for himself and servants; which claim was at that time disallowed, as not re- specting the Coronation, but the claimant was left to take his course at law, if he thought fit*. ANGORTBY, COUNTY OP LANCASTER. Peter de Mundevil holds three oxgangs of land in capite, of our lord the King, in Angortby, by the service of a brachet ^ of one colour •^-. ^ Brachettum. See note on Wodeham Mortimer, p. 234. QUEENHULL, COUNTY OF WORCESTER. In the 15th year of King Edward II. William de Kcrdyff, who held the manor of Queenhull in Worcestershire, of the King, by the service of rendering yearly a dog de mota§]|§, rendered at the Exchequer six dogs de mota for six years past, which were de- livered to Sir David de Betoigne to be carried to the King, who was then in Kentlt. * Gent Mag. vol. xsxi. p. 323. servicium reddendi domino Regi per annntn + Petrus de Mundevill tenet tres bovatas ununi canem de niota, reddidit hie ad Scac- in capite de dtio Rege in Angortby, per ser- carium s.nix" die Octobris sex caues de mota vicium unius berachat unius colons. Inquis. pro sex annis pra;terilis. El niemoraudum temp. Hen. III. De Houore Lancastr. extra quod preedicti canes liberautur eodem die Limam. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 5172, Davidi de Betoygne, militi, ad ducendum do- p. 19. mini Regi existenti in comitatu Kanciae, in J Wygornia. Redditus. Willielraus filius partibus de ledes. Trin. Visores, 15 Edw. II. et heres Paulini de Kerdyflf, qui tenet mane- Rot. '28, a. Madox's Hist. Excheq. p. 6l2, rium de Queenhull in comitatu Wygoruiae per and note, § 3Iota, 256 §||§ Mota, or Muta, according to the barbarous and now obsolete Latinilj of the antient Law-lexicographers, appears to have been used indiscriminately for a mew or kennel. The former is known to have been a place for feeding and training hawks ; the latter for keeping hounds or dogs used in hunting. The editor, aware of this exposition, felt a powerful inducement to alter the translation from a dog de mota, as it now stands, to a " dog of the kennel," which he presumed to think would have been more consonant with the original etymon of the word mota, and more illustrative of the usages which pre- vailed at a time when falconry and hunting were not only the principal amusements of the great, but were in a great measure confined to them, and prohibited to their inferiors. A dog de mo(a, therefore, might, it is submitted, be with great propriety, and in the sense suggested by the editor, " a dog of the kennel," as contradistinguished to animals of the same species, M'hich were not conofreirated or trained in kennels as hunting doers were. But the editor's respect for Mr. Madox's translation, and diffi- dence of his own abilities, has induced him to leave the trans- lation as he found it, with this note as to the probable sig- nification of the passage. STANFFORDE, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. Hugh Pantulf holds Staniforde by the gift of King Henry, father of King John, by the service of one brachet*. * Hugo Pantulfus tenet Staniforde de dono Serianciis, &c. temp. Hen. 11. Harl. MS. Henrici Kegis patris Regis Johannis, per ser- Brit. Mus. p. 32. vicium unius bracheti. Testa de Nevil. De SOUTH. 2o7 SOUTIIWARK, THE BOROUGH OF. Tliomas English, son and lieir-niale of William English, deceased, acknowledged himself to hold, and his said father to have held the day he died, a certain annual rent of ten pounds, with the appur- tenances, in the vill of Southwark, to be received in fee from the fee-farm of the vill of Southwark, by the hands of the sheriff of London, farmer of the same vill, by grand serjeanty, viz. by the service of keeping certain greyhounds, or harehounds^ of the King, at the command of our said lord the King *. % Leporarius. See note on Lincoln, p. 237. HIGHTESTY, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON, AVas held upon condition to find dogs for the destruction of wolves, foxes, &c. -j^ BICKNOR, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. Cecilia Muchgrave held the manor of Bicknor of the King in <:apite, by the service of fifteen shillings, to be paid yearly, viz. by the serjeanty of keeping a certain wood, in the forest of Deane, by means of one man with a bow and arrows X- * Thomas English, filius et heres masculus Regis. Trin. fin. anno 17 Hen. VII. Harl. Williclmi English defunctj, cognovit se tenere MS. Brit. Mas. No. 5174, pp. 18, 19. ■et dictam patrem suuin tenuisse, die quo obijt, -f Caiud. Brit. p. 525. qHeiidam annuaiem redd'. £x cum pertin'. in J Cecilia Muchgrave ten', m. de Bicknor. villa de Sulhwerke precipiend. de feod. fir- de R. in capite, per servic'. xvs. annuatim ma de villa de Suthwerke, per manus vie'. solvend. per seriantiam, viz. custod. quendam London firmar' eiusdem ville, per magnam bosci in foresta de Deane, per ununi hominem serianciam, viz. per servicium custodiendi cum arcu et sagittis. 30 Edw. I. Cotton, ^uend' leporarium R. ad mandat' ipsius diii MS. Brit. Mus. Titus, C. x. p. 17. L L MIDDELTON 258 MIDDELTON LILLEBON, COUNTY OF WILTS. William Michell, son and heir of John Michell, made fine with the King, by two shillings, for his relief for one messuage, forty acres of land, one acre of meadow, and two shillings and one penny rent in Middelton Lillebon, held of the King in capite, by the ser- jcanty of keeping his wolf dogs§l|§*. ^|]§ Canes luparios. The same as canes luporarios. See note on Boyton, p. 236. MANSFIELD WOODHOUSE, COUNTY OF NOT- TINGHAM. Alan, son and heir of Walter de Wulfhunte f , made fine with the King by two shillings and four-pence for his relief for one messuage and one oxgang of land with the appurtenances in Mam- mesfeld Woodhous, in the county of Nottingham, which the afore- said Walter held of the King in capite, by the service of hunting wolves out of the forest of Shirewood, if he should find any of them -f . ^ It is probable that the persons called W^olvehunt, mentioned by Camden as holding lands at Worrahill in the county of Derby, (see p. 251.) were ancestors of, or descendants from this Walter de Wulfhunte. * Willielmus Michell, filius et heies Jo- hunte, fecit fiiiem cum Kege per 2 s. 4«I. pro hannis Michell, fecit fiiiem cum Rege per ij s. relevio siio pro uno messuagio et una bovata de relevio suo de uno messuagio, xl acr'. teir'. terra; cum ptrtinentijs in Mammesfeld Wode- una acr'. prali, ijs. id. redd, in Middelton hous in com. predicto, q. dictus VValterus Lallebon tent de Rege in capiie, per serjan- tenuit de Rege in capite, per servitium fugandi ,tiam custodiendi canes luparios Regis. De lupos extra forestam de Shirewode, si aliquis termino Mich, anno 14 Edw. II. Harl. MS. eos invenerit. De termino Trin. anno ai Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 80. Edw. III. Rot. 1°. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. t Alanus, filius ct heres Walteri de Wulf- No. 34, p. l66. LANGELEY, 259 LANGELEY, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Thomas de Langelej, son and licir of JoVni de Langeley, held (amongst other things) the manor of Langeley, in the county of Oxford, and one hide of land in the hamlet of Middleton, by the service of bearing a horn to keep the forest of W hichewode *. SAINT BRIAVELS, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. Robert le Bocer, son and heir of William Bocer, made fine by one mark for his rehef of land, which he holds of the King in capite, in the forest of St. Briavels, by the service of finding one footman to keep the forest aforesaid f. AVELINGTON, COUNTY OF SALOP. Roger le Forester, of Wellington, gave to our lord the King one mark for relief for his lands and tenements in Wellington, held of the King, by the serjeanty of keeping the hay §|]§ in the forest of Wrokene l. §j[§ Ileyam. The same as Hayam. See note on Huntingdon, p. 254. PATTON, COUNTY OF WILTS. John de Putton, son and heir of William de Putton, deceased, * Thomas de Langeley, (ilius et heres Jo- pile de foresta Sancti Briavell, per servic'. in- hannis de Langeley, ten', nianerio de Langeley veniendi uiium homineni peditem ad custo- in com. predicto, et uuam hidam teir'. in ham- diam forestae prajdictas. De termino Mich, lettode Middleton deRege, per servitium per- anno 16 Edw. L Rot. 1. Harl. MS. Brit, tandi cornu ad facieud'. custod'. foreste de Mus. No. 34, p. 5. Whichewode, &c. De termino Pasche, p.nno J Rogerus le Forester de Wellington dat 5 Edw. IIL Rot. 1. Harl, MS. Brit. Mus. domino Regi unam marcam de relevio suo pro No. 34, p. 111. ter'. et ten't. suis in Wellington tent de Bege, ■j- Robertus le Bocer, filius et heres Willi- per serjantiam custodiendi lieyam in foresta elnii Bocer, fmem fecit per unam marcam pro de Wrokene. De termino Mich, auno 21 relevio sue de tet'. quam de Rege tenet in ca- Edw. L Ibid. p. 14. L L 2 made 260 made fine with our lord the King by thirty shilUngs for his rehef (amongst other things) of all the lands and tenements which the said William his father held of the King in capite the day he died, viz. for one messuage and one yard land in Patton, in the county of Wilts, which he held of the King in capite by the service of one horseman and one footman to keep the forest of our lord the King in Clarendon, at the proper costs of the said John *. LAXTON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON. Sir Thomas de Aylesbury, knight, and Katherine his wife, held of the King in capite, as of his crown, the manor of Laxton (amongst other things) with the appurtenances, in the county of Northampton, by grand serjeanty, viz. by the service of taking wolves, foxes, wild cats ^, cats, and other vermin, in the counties of Northampton, Rutland, Oxford, Essex, Huntingdon, and Buck- ingham -f \ % Murilegus. See note on Borebach, &c. p. 249. SAINT BRIAVELS, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. William de Stanry, son and heir of William de Stanry, gave to * Johannes de Putton, filius et heres Willi- Pasche, anno 35 Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit, elmi de Putton, defmicti, finem fecit cum do- Mus. No. .S4, pp. 45, 46. mino Rege per xxx s. pro relevio suo de om- -f- Thomas de Ajiesbury, chr'. et Katerina nibiis ter'. et ten. quod dictus Willielmus pater uxor ejus, tenuerunt de Rege in capite, ut de tenuit de Rege in capite die quo obijt, viz. de corona sua, manerium de Laxton cum pertin'. uno messuagio, et una virgat. ter'. in Patton in in com. Northt.' per niagiiam serjantiam, viz. com. Willes, q. ten. de Rege in capite, per per servitium capiendi lupos, vulpes, murele- servitium unius equitis et unius peditis custod'. gos, catos, et alia vermina, in com. Northt. forestam domini Regis de Clarendon, ad ens- Rotel. Oxon. Essex, Hunt, et Buk. De ter- tD3 proprios ipsius Johannis. De ternaino miuo Pasche, auuo 30 Hen. IV. Ibid. p. 363. the 261 the King twenty shillings for his relief for certain lands and tene- ments at St. Briavels, held of the King in capite by the serjeanty of beino- his forester in the forest of Deene, and niakino: attach- ments of the vert:|;§:i; and venison, and leading the persons attached to the Castle of St. Briavels *. ^^\. Vert, (Fr. verd, i. e. viridis, otherwise called green hue.) Every thing that grows and bears green leaf within the forest, that may cover a deer. Vert is also sometimes taken for that power which a man hath by the King's grant to cut green wood in the forest. Blount's Law Diet, sub verbo. MORTON AND ELERKEY, COUNTY OF CORNWALL. William Larcedekene, brother and heir of Stephen Larcedekene, (amongst other things) holds Morton and the manor of Elerkey of the King and his heirs, by the yearly rent of one hare dog or grey- hound [*], to be paid at Easter, at Bodmyn, by the hands of the steward of the said county of Cornwall, for all services -j-. [*] Leporarius. See note on Lincoln, p. 237. COMELESSEND, COUNTY OF HANTS. William de Limeres held of the King in capite, in the county of * Willielmus de Stanry, filius et heres Wil- f Willielmus Larcedekene, frater et lieres lielnii de Stanry, dat Regi XX s. pro relevio pro Stephani Larcedekene, tenet Morton et ma- quibtisdam ter.' et ten. apud Sanctum Bria- nerium de Eleikey de Rege et lierediljus suis, vellum teiit. de Rege in capite, per serjantiam an. redd, unum leporariuni ad festuni Pasclie, essendi forestarius Regis in foresta de Deene, apud Bodmyn, per manus Senescaili ipsius et faciendi attach', de virid. et venatione, et com. Cornub. pro omnibus servitijs. De ter- ducendi attachiatos ad Castrum de Sanclo Bri- mino Hil. anno 2 Ric. IL Harl. MS. Brit, avello. De termino Trin. anno 3 £dw. U. Mus. No. 34, p. 276. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 56. Southampton, 262 Southampton, one carucate of land in Comelessend, by the service of hunting^ the wolf with the Kind's doffs*. WHITFIELD, COUNTY OF DERBY. Humphrey de Monte (or Mahnains) held the manor of Whitfield, with the appurtenances, by the serjeanty of bringing one brachet for the use of our lord the Kino;, when the same lord the Kino- should choose to receive it to hunt the stag hind^, buck, and doe j-. % Bissa, (a Gall. Bische) cerva major, a hynd. Blount's Law Diet, sub, verbo. G LED DING, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. Richard Enoraine holds one hundred shillings of land, in the town of Guedding, by the serjeanty of taking wolves, and he was to do this service daily ."j:. * Willielmus de Limeres tenuitde R. in ca- in com. Soutliamjyton, 1 cariic. terr. in Co- melessend, per servic'. fugandi ad lupuni cum canibus Regis. Esc. temp. H. R. £1. R. Joliannis. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 708, •fUmfridus de Monte ten', maner'. de White- feld cum pertin'. per serjantiam afFectadi unum brack-etum ad opus diii Reg', cum ipse dns Rex preceperit ad currend'. ad cervum et bissam etdamutn et damam. Testa de Nevil, p. <2S. % Ricaidus Engaine habet in villa de Gued- ding c s. terre per serjant'. capiendi lupos, et facit servic'. suum cotidie. Ibid. p. 3d8. SECT. 2G3 SECT. X. Of Petit Serjeantics, performed by keeping for, and delivering Hawks, S^c, to, the King, EGMUND AND NEWPORT, COUNTY OF SALOP. King Ilcnry III. gave to Henry de Aklitheley (ancestor to the Lord Audley, Earl of Castle-Haven) the lordships of Egmundun and Newport, in the county of Salop, for the yearly rent of a mewed sparhawk, to be delivered into tlie King's Exchequer every year at the feast of St. Michael *. EASTBRIG, COUNTY OF KENT. Hubert de Burgo, Earl of Kent, had a gfrant in fee from Kinor Henry HI. of the manor of Eastbrig, in Kent, to hold by the ser- vice of a sore ^ sparhawk, at Lammas yearly f-. f I suppose it should be soar, which may mean one trained for the net, and taught to soar to make the game sit close. This term I see several times occurs, and is called sore by Blount. W. WILTS, THE COUNTY OF The county of Wilts antiently paid to the King ten pounds for a hawk, twenty shillings for a sumpter horse ^, one hundred shillings for hay, and in money five ores ||§|] %. * Carta, 11 Hen. III. p. 1. M. 5. Blount, t Carta, 17 Hen. III. p. 1. M.24. Blount, 10. 12. \ Domesday, tit. Wiltes. Blount, 22. f Pro 2G4 ^ Pro Sunimarlo. For a sumpter horse. Blount. Summarlus rather means a horse for carriage, than what we now call a sumpter horse, or lead horse. E. ||§1| This ore was a vSaxon coin, valued at xvi d. a piece, and sometimes, according to the valuation of the standard, at xx d. Blount. STANDEBURY, COUNTY OF BERKS. Robert de Tadeshale holds twenty pounds of land in Standebury, in the county of Berks, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of keeping one girefalcon for him *. HERTRUG, COUNTY OF BERKS. Philip de Ilertrug held certain land in Ilertrug, in the county of Berks, which was worth forty shillings a year, by the serjeanty of mewing and keeping one goshawk §|.§ for the lord the King-j-. §.|.§ Osturcum. A pad, a Spanish gennet. A hawk rather. R. Often written Asturcus. Spelman, p. 441. See likewise the two following pages- WILBUROHAM-MAGNA, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. William Lov«day holds one messuage and eighty acres of land in Great Wilburgham, in the county of Cambridge, of our lord * Robertus de Tadeshale tenet viginti li- -|- Pbilippus de Hertriig tenult f|uandam bratas terrae in Standebury, in com. Berks, de terram in Hertrug, in com. Berks, quas valet domino Rege, per serjantiam custodiendi per ami. XL s. per serjantiam mutandi et cus- unum girefalconem pro domino Rege. Plac. todiendi unum osturcum domini Regis. Plac. Coron. apud Wiudesor, 12 Edw. I. Blount, Coron. apud Windesor, 12 Edw. 1. Rot. 46. 37. Blount, 40. the 2G5 the King in capitc, by the scrjcanty of findinf^ ,a sore sparhawk, and carryinj^ it to the King's conrt, and there stayinor twelve days, with tAvo horses, Imo boysj||]:, and two greyhounds f, at the cost of the Kino*. llll Duobns Gareionibus. Two boys or grooms. Blonnt. ^ Duobus Leporariis. Two harehounds or greyhounds. Blount. RAGIITON, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND. Simon de llaghton, and Sir Robert de la Ferte, and Ivo son of Hugh de Fornecostes, hold one petit serjeanty in Raghton in the county of Cumberland, by keeping the King's aeries of goshawks |1^||. And it w as worth yearly nine shillings, which they paid at the King's Exchequer -f. \\%\ Aerias Austurcoruni Domini Regis. Tlie King's aeries of goshawks, (or falcons, as some will have it) from the French Austour, a goshawk. Blount. The goshawk has various names, and is called UAutour by BulTon, and Astur by Brisson, and there can be no donbt but that Osturcum here means the same, as is evident from looking at the note to p. 267. M . * Willielmus Lovecby tenet iinum messna- f Simon de Raghton, et dominus- Robcrtns gium, et octoginla acias terrze in magna Wil- de la Ferte, et Ivo tilius Hugonis de Fornc- burgham, in com. Cantabr. de domino Rege costes, tenent unam parvam seijantiani in in capite, per serjantiam inveniendi sperva- Raghton, in com. Cumbrire, custodiendi aerias rinm sorum, et cnm hoc fecerit deferet ilium austercorum doniini Regis. Et valet per ann, ad curiam domini Regis, et ibidem faciei mo- ix s. quos reddit ad Scaccarium domini Re^is. ramperxTi dies, cum duobus equis, duobus Plac. Coron. 20 Edvv. I. Cumbria. Blount, gareionibus, et duobns leporariis, ad custum 42. domini Regis. Plac. Coron. 21 Edw. I. Cant. ' Wo"at,42. • SALING, MM 266 SALING, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Ralph Picot holds one carucate of land in Saling, in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of keeping one sparhawk, at the cost of our lord the King. And the King was to find him maintenance for three horses, three grooms, and three greyhounds ^. And the said Ralph was to mew the said sparhawk at his own proper costs *. ^ Tres Garciones et tres Leporarios. Three boys or grooms, and three hounds for the hare, or greyhounds. Blount. PECKHAM, COUNTY OF KENT. John Peckam holds the manor of Peckam, in the county of Kent, in capite of our lord the King, by the service of mewing one goshawk :|:§|. yearly -j-. ^^X Servitium mutandi unum Osturcum. Of mewing a goshawk. Note, a goshawk is in our records termed by the several names of Osturcum, Hostricum, Estricium, Asturcum, and Austurcum, and all from the French Austour. Blount. REDENHALL, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Peter, son of Robert le Espicer (spice seller) holds certain land in Redenhall, in the county of Norfolk, by the serjean ty of keep- ing one of the King's goshawks, at the costs of the King, from the * Radiilfiis Picot tenet unam carucafam Pine. Coron. 13 Edw. I. Essex. Blount, terrae in Saling, in com. Essex, per serjantiam 51. custodiendi unum spervarium ad tustus domini f Johannes Peckam tenet manerium de Kegis, Et dominus Rex inveniet eidem susten- Peckam, in com. Kancias, in capite de domino tationem suam ad tres equos, tres garciones, Kege, per servitium mutandi unum osturcum et tres leporarios, et idem Kadulfus mutabit per ann. Plac. Coron. 21 Edw. I. Rot. 27. prxdictum spervarium sumptibus suis propriis. Kane. Blount, 61. feast 2G7 feast of St, Michael, till Lent; and afterwards he is to mew the same at his own costs *. RADECLYVE, COUNTY OF NOITINGIIAM. nie manor of Radcclyve is held of our lord the King in capite, by the service of mewing one goshawk^, and finding a person to carry it at the cost of the Kingf. ^ Mutandi unum Estricium. Of mewing a goshawk, Blount. Taking care of it, and manasrino- it in the moult. A. Thus, in King Richard III. act i, sc 1. Hastings says to Gloucester, speaking of Clai-ence, " More pity, that the eagle should be mew'd, " While kites and buzzards prey at liberty," A mew was the place of confinement where a hawk was kept till he had moulted. See note on the passage, Chalmer's edit, of Shakspeare. BOGIITON, OR BROUGHTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD. John Mauduit holds the manor of Boghton, in the county of Oxford, in capite of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of mew- * Petrus, filius Roberti le Espicer, tenet f Manerium de Radeclyve tenetur de do- quandam terrain in Redenhall, in com. Norf. mino Rege in capite, per servitium mutandi per serjantiam custodiendi unum austurcuni unum estricium, et inveniendi unum porta- domini Regis, sumptibus domini Regis, a torem ad custos domini Regis. Plac. Coron. festo Sancti Michaelis usque ad Quadrage- de ann, 3 Edsv. III. Rot. 6. in dors. Netting, simam ; et postmodum ipsuni mutare debet Blount, 72, sumptibus suis propriis. Plac. Coron. de ann, !4 Edw. I. Rot. 3. Norf, Blount, 67. M M 2 ing 268 ino- a o;oshawkt*i of the Kind's, or of carrying it to the Kingr's court *. Ij:*; Ilostricum. See p. 267. ASTON-BERXARD, COUNTY OF BUCKS. John Molyns hekl the manor of Aston-Bcrnard, in the county of Bucks, of the King in capite, by the senice of being Marshal of the King's Falcons and other Hawks f-. AVARXEFORD, COUNTY OF HANTS. Nicholas de Malmayns (nialis manibus) holds a hundred shillings land in the town of Warneford, in the county of Southampton, for one soar sparhawk, to be paid to our lord the King, yearly, at the feast of St. Michael, at the Exchequer J. HUCKNALL-TORCARD, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Sir John Leeke^ holds the manor of Hucknall-Torcard, in the county of Nottinoham, and certain messuag;es, lands, and tene- ments in Hucknall-Torcard, of our lord the King in capite, by the service of carryins: one orerfalcon, from the feast of St. 3Iichael the Archangel, until Lent, at the costs of the King, with three horses, for two shillings a day, and half a sextary of wine, and two robes, when he should be summoned to do this service. And * Johannes Mauduit tentt mauerium de % Nicholas de Malis Manibus tenet centum Boghton, in com. Oxon, in capite de domino solidatas terra; in villa de Warneford, in com. Rege, per serjantiam mutandi unum hostricum Southampton, pro uno spervario soro, red- domini Kegis, vel istum hostricum portandi ad deado domino Kegi, per annum ad festum curiam domini Regis. Plac. Coron. 13 Edw. I. Saiicti Michaeiis, ad Scaccarimn. Plac. Rot. 50. dorso. Oxon. Blount, 74. Coron. B Edw. I. Rot. 30. Blouut, 86. t Carta, 20 Edw. III. n. 18. Blount, 77- if 209 if his horses should die in the Kind's service, the Kino- Mas to re- store his horses to him *. ^ Tliis Sir John Leeke (who was ancestor to the Lords D'Eyncoiirt) died in the reign of King Henry VIII. Another Sir John Leeke heUI this nuinor by the same services in the o7th Hen. VL See Blount, 9.3, and Escaet. 37 Hen. VL E. ACTON, COL NTV OF BUCKS. The Lords Grey of Wilton,, held the manor of Acton, in the county of Buckingham, by the serjeanty of keeping one gerfalcon for their sovereign lord the King: whereupon that family of the Greys had, for their badge or cognisance, a falcon sejant upon a glove '\\ ETON, COUNTY OF BUCKS. Reginald de Grey holds the manor of Eton, in the county of Buckingham, of our lord the King, by the service of keeping one falcon until it could fly, and for the keeping of it, when he took it to the King, he is to have the King's horse j.§:i: with all its furniture and cloUies : and is also to have the Kino's table, with the trestle jJH and table-clodi, and to have all the vessels with which the King was served that day : and he is to have a cask of wine ^ immediately afier the King slndl have tasted of it %. X^t Equitatura * Manerium de IIucknall-Tokard, ac certa quando premunitur ad hoc faciendum. Et si messuagia, terr. et ten. in Huckiiall-Toikard, equi sui moriantur in servitio doniini Regis, tenenturde domino Rege in capita, per seivi- diclus Rex equos sues sibi lestaurabit. Ex tiiim ad portand. unum geifalconem a festo M. S. penes F F. Foljambe, Arm. iSancti Michaelis Aichangeli usque ad Qua- -j- Camd. Brit. tit. Bucks. Blount, lOQ. diagesimam, sumptibus domini Regis, cum | Reginaldus de Grey tenet manerium de tribus equis, pro duobus solidis per diem, et Eton, in com. Buckingham, de domino Rcge, dimidium se.\tarii vini, et duobus robis, per servilium custodieudi unum falconeni us(jua 270 :|.§|. Equitatura Regis. Signifies here, as I suppose, the King's horse and furniture. Blount. Ill Tressello. From the French Treteau, or Trusteau, a trestle. E. % Dolium Yini. A tun, pipe, hogshead, tub, or cask of wine. E. A cask. A. DUNSTABLE, COUNTY OF BEDFORD. The King of England gave to the King of Scotland three hun- dred pounds of land, for his homage, and for the annual service of one gerfalcon §§ *, |§ Pro annuo servitio unius Erodii. Mr. Hearne of Oxford, most unhappily conjectures that this word ought to have been written Corrodii. Now, a Corrody is an allowance of victuals from a religious house to a person living out of it, for some valuable consideration ; it consequently is entirely foreign to the present purpose. "Tis pity that M. Paris does not mention this service or tenure, p. 446, where he speaks of this business. However, there is no occasion for any correction or emendation here, since by Erodii may either be meant E'^aJ/ou, an heron, the Greek word being only latinized. Julian. Hist. Anim. lib. i. c. 1. et Annot. Bocharti Op. torn. iii. col. 321. seq. Or rather, that the gerfalcon is intended, called Eurodius by Nic. Upton, p. 187, on account of his flying at the heron. The presenting a usque ad volatiim, et pro custodia ilia cum immediate postquam dominus Rex ex ipso falconera ilium duserit ad Regem, hubebit vino gustaverit. 9 Jan. 17 Edw. III. Inq. in equitaturam Regis, cum toto apparatu et in- com. Buck. Blount, 138. dumentis domiui Regis : et etiam habebit * Rex Anglife dedit ei (Regi Scotiae) tre- mensam domini Regis, cum tressello et mappa, centas libratas terrae pro liomagio suo, et pro et habebit omnia vasa de quibus dominus Rex annuo servitio unius Erodii. Annals of Dun- servatus fu rit eo die : et habebit dolium vini staple, p. 234. falcon 271 falcon or liawk was a very common service ; and for this sense again, see Bochart, col. 325. See also Du Frcsne, and Little- ton's and Ainsworth's Dictionaries. P. The heron, or Ardea Major of Linnaeus, is a voracious bird ; and, according to Buifon, exhibits a [)icture of wretchedness, anxiety, and indigence. In England this bird was formerly ranked among the royal game, and protected as partridges and hares are now, by specific laws. Persons who destroyed their eggs were subject to a fine of twenty shillings for each offence. Heron hawkino: was at that time a favourite diversion anions; the nobility and gentry of the kingdom, and at whose table this bird was deemed a choice dish. A passage in Shakspeare that alludes to the heron, has occasioned much controversy with verbal critics. Allusive, and as a reproach to ignorance, it states, " He does not know a hawk from a hand-saw, or heron-shaw.'' The latter is the common name of the fowl ; but in vulgar pronunciation it is often called in this proverb, hand-saw. An interesting account of the heron, with an accu- rate representation of it, are preserved in Bewick's " History of British Birds," vol. ii. Brayley and Britton's Beauties of England and Wales, vol. ix. y). 735. Erodii. If it means a heron, it probably refers to that species called the Egret. The egret is the bird that by the statutes of the Order furnishes the plumes for the knights of the Thistle, and the grant being to the King of Scotland, the reddendo of the egret not inaptly connects itself with this explana- tion. W. ILMER, 272 ILMER, COUNTY OF BUCKS. At the Coi'onation of King James II. the lord of the manor of Ihiier claimed to be Marshal, Surveyor, and Conservator of his Majesty's Hawlvs in England, with divers fees, and the nomination of under-officcrs ; which claim was not allowed, because not re- specting the Coronation, but the claimant was left to take his course at law, if he thonght fit*. FOLEY, COUxNTY OF WARWICK. Richard de HerthuII, the day he died, held the maner of Foley, in the county of Warwick, in his demesne as of fee, by fealty and the service of one sparhawk, or two shillings, at the feast of St. James, &cj- BARTON OR BERTON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. King John granted to Robert de Hose, land in Berton, of the Honour of Nottingham, to be held by the service of yielding the King yearly one soar hawk, &c. J COMBERTON, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. In 129G it was in the family of La ]^lerk§, from whom it obtained the name of Merks. It was held by the serjeanty of being keeper of the King's falcons, and descended by female heirs to the families of Hastings and Longueville ||. * Sandf. Hist. Coion. Gent. Mag. vol. xxxi. cobi, &c. Escaet. de anno 19 Edvv. II. num. p. 323. o.'3. llloinit's Law Diet. tit. Esparvarius. -(■ Ricardiis de Hei tliull, die quo obijt teuuit J Cartular. S. Edmund. MS. Jac. Law Diet, maiierium de I'oley, in com. War. in dominico tit. Sorus Accipiter. sno, nt de feodo, per fiilelitalem et servitinni § Cart. 25 Edvv. I, unius espaivarij. vel ii.s. ad festum Saiicli Ja- 1| Lysons's Mag. Brit. voL ii. p. l68. WEST 273 WEST PECKIIAM, COUNTY OF KENT. r This manor was held, in the time of King John, hy the service of bearing one of the King's goshawks beyond sea, when de- manded, from the feast of St. Michael to that of the Purification. The manor was afterwards divided, and one part is now the pro- perty of Lord le Despencer, and the other of the Earl of Tor- rino-ton *. WHITE RODING, COUNTY OF ESSEX. In 1296, or 1297, King Edward I. granted to John de Merks, in tail-general, the manor of White Roding, and the advowson of the church, with remainder to Cecily de Hastings, sister of the said John ']: This Cecily was wife of Humfrey de Hastings, and held this manor, and that of Cumbreton in Cambridoreshire, at the time of her decease, in 1304, by the service of keeping two lanar falcons, or hawks, for heron hawking; and a greyhound trained to make a heron rise, from Michaelmas to the Purification, for the King's use X- HALLINGBURY, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Walter de Hauvill held sixty shillings of land in Hallingbury de Walla ^, by the serjeanty of falconrj, which he had of the grant of King Richard I. § <|[ De Walla. Quaere. The late Dr. Pegge could not explain this. * Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii. § Walterus de Hauvill tenuit tx sol. terr, p. 1285. in Hallingbury de Walla, per serjantiam falco- f Cai t. 25 Edvv. I. nunnb. 6. nariae, per Regem Ricliardum. Lib. Rub. Morant's Essex, vol. ii. p. 469, Scacc. Append, to Brady's Introduct. fo. 23. N N DUNTON, 274 L DUNTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. King Henry II. is said to have given this tov^n, with Doketon and Kettleston, to Ralph de Hauvill, to be held by petit serjeanty, the keeping of the King's hawks or falcons ; and in another record it is said by keeping of two gerfalcons for the King. Of this family were Henry and Hugh de Hauvile ; and King John, in his sixth year, ordered the bailiffs of several ports to secure all the hawks and gerfalcons which should be brought beyond sea, till the said Henry and Hugh should choose what they thought fit for the King's use ; and no one was allowed to buy any till this was done *. «> It is remarkable that in Wales, the Penhebogydd, or Master of the Hawks, was the fourth officer in rank and dignity, and sat in the fourth place from his sovereign at the royal table ; that he was permitted to drink no more than three times, lest he should neglect his birds from intoxication; and that when he was more than usually successful in his sports, the prince was obliged, by law and custom, to rise up to receive him as he entered the hall, and sometimes to hold his stirrup as he alighted from his horse. Folewhele's History of Cornwall, vol. ii. p. 81. WELLWYN, COUNTY OF HERTFORD. Sir Robert Broughton, Knight, acknowledged that he held the manor of Wyllyen, in the county of Hertford, of the King in capite, by the service of rendering to the King a sore sparhawk, or two shillings, yearly, by the hands of the sheriff of Hertford for the time being -f-. GRES- * Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. iii. + Robertus Broughton, miles, cognovit p. 781. se tenere m. de Wjlljeij, in com. Hertf. de 275 GRESSINGIIAM, COUNTY OF LANCASTER. The heirs of William and Benedict held two oxgangs of land in Gressinghaui, hy the serjeant)' of keeping the aeries of hawks of our lord the King *. ARDELEY, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Baldwin Fillot holds certain land in the town of Ardeley, by the serjeanty of keeping a sparhawk, and that land was worth forty shillings f. LANGLEY, COUNTY OF SALOP. William Hurnell holds the town of Langley, of our lord the King, by the service of bearing one falcon, at the cost of the King + HERST-FAUCOYER, COUNTY OF KENT. Henry Michelgrove held (amongst other things) the manor of Ilerst-Faucover, in the county of Kent, which w as held of the King in capite by homage, and the service of keeping yearly one falcon for our lord the King §, de R. in capite, per servic'. redd'. Regj unum Hen. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 5172, esparuareum sor'. annuatim vel ijs. ad man'. p. 33. vie. Hertf. pro tempore existen. Mich's fin. '^ Willielmus Hurnell tenet villain de Lan- anno 6 Hen. VH. Rot. I. Harl. MS. Brit. geley de duo Rege per servic'. portandi ununi Mus. No. 5174, p. 6. aucipe ad custum diii Regis. Ibid. No. 1087, *Hercs Willielini et Bened'cti ten', ii bovat. p. 13. terre ibm. per serianl'. custodiendi heieras § Henricus Michelgrove (int*. al'.) m. de accipitrum diii Regis. Test, de Nevil. Ibid. Herst-Faiicouer, in com. Kent, quod tenetur No. 2085, p. 431. de R. in capite, per homagiiini et servic'. •(■ Baldwinus Fillot tenet in villa de Ar- custodiendi ununi falconem dicii diii R. an- deley, quandam terrain per serianl'. servandi nuatim. Esc. anno 17 Ric'. II. Ibid. No. nisum et valet terr. 40 solid. Inquis. temp. 2087, p. 23(5. K N 2 And 270 And Godfrey le Ilutton held a certain serjeanty in Hurst, for which he was to keep the falcons of our lord the King*. HUNTLESHAM, COUxNTY OF SUFFOLK. John Pypard paid to the King (amongst other things) two shil- lin""s for his relief for twelve pounds of land, in Huntleshani, in the county of Suffolk, held of the King by the service of one sparhawk ^, yearly f. ^ Nisus. The lesser hawk, or sparrow hawk. Cowell's Inter- preter. Falco Nisus is the Linna?an specific name of the sparrow hawk, but it is a mistake to call it the lesser hawk, which is the merlin hawk, and the least of the species that inhabits Great Britain . It was used in the humbler kinds of falconry as flying at larks, &c. W. STANESBY, COUNTY OF DERBY. John, son and heir of Roger de Sannage, gave to the King one sore sparhawk for his relief for the manor of Staynesby, in the county of Derby, which he holds of the King in capite by the service of a soar sparhawk :|:. * SeriantiaGodefi'. le Huton, in Hurst, pro Edw. 1. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. qua debuit custodire falcones dni Reg. De S3. serjantijs, &c. com. Kaiicie, temp. Hen. II. % Johannes filias et heres Rogeri de San- Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 313, p. 11. nage dedit Regi unum spervarium sori de re- •f Johannes Pypard dat Regi 2 s. de re- levio suo pro manerio de Staynesby, in com. Jevio suo pro ^xii ter'. in Huntlesham, in Derby, quod de Rcge tenet in capite per ser- com. Suff. tenet de Rege per servitium unins vicium unius spervarij sori. De termino uibi per annu. De termino Pasche, a° 31 Mich'. a° 3.1 Edw. I. Ibid. No. 34, p. 27. ESPERETT, 27 T ESPERETT, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. Thomas, son and heir of Thomas de Wellesk, paid to the King for his relief of a certain serjeanty whicli he liolds of the King in capitc in Espett (Esperett,) by the service of four shillings, one soar sparhawk *. WIIITEWTIIINGES, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Thomas de Lunorevill, and Beatrix his wife, daujihter and heir of Philip de Hastings, made fine with our loi'd the King, by ten marks, for their relief of the manor of WhiteAvthinges, in the county of Essex, which is held of the King in capite, by the service of coming to his court at the feast of St. Michael, and of keeping there two of the King's lanar falcons at his charge, from the same feast, until the feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, next following f. BURGE, COUNTY OF DERBY. Hugh, son and heir of Philip de Stredley, made fine with the King by two marks for his relief for the mill of Burge, in the county of Derby, which the said Philip held of the King in capite, by the service of finding one man bearing an heron falcon, every year in season, before the King, when he should be summoned, and to * Thomas, filius et heres Thomae de Wei- manerio de Wliitevvthinges in com. Essex, lesk, dat Regi pro relevio sno de quadam ser- quod de Rege tenetur in capite, per servitium jane, quam de Rege tenet in capite in Espett veniendi ad curiam Regis ad festum Sancti (Esperett) per servic'. iv solid, unum sp'uar. Mich' et custodiendi ibidem duos falcones sor'. De termino Trin. anno 18 Edvv. I. Regis lanar ad custus ipsiiis Regis ab eodem Ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 9. festo usque ad festum Purificationis Beate t Thomas de Lungevill et Beatrix uxor eius, Marie prox' sequent. De termino Pasche, anno filia et her' Phiiipi de Hastings, fecerunt 9 Edw. III. Harl, MS. Brit, Mus. No. 34, fmem cum domino Rege pro relevio suo de p. 126. take 278 take for performing the said service, at the cost of the King, two robes at Whitsuntide and Christmas *. WIRKITON AND WALKESLAW, COUNTY OF SALOP. Adam de Beyssin held of the King in capite the manors of Wir- kiton and Walkeslaw, by the service of keeping one of the King's goshawks ^ until the feast of St. Michael yearly, or until the King should command it to be brought to him, which he was then to carry to the King accordingly ; and during the season he was to abide at court, and to take there five-pence halfpenny daily, and he was to eat on all days in the King's household, and to take yearly tw o robes -j-. % Osturcum. See note on Peckham, p. 266. SHALDEBURNE, COUNTY OF BERKS. Robert de Tateshale held the manor of Shaldeburne in the county of Berks of the King in capite, by serjeanty, viz. by the service of mewing and keeping one falcon gentle for Ihe King, and of carrying it by himself, or another, to the King at his command, at the charge of the said Robert, to abide with the falcon aforesaid, * Hugo, filiiis et heres Philippi de Stredley, + Adam de Beyssin tenuit de R. in capite fecit finem cum Kege per duas marc', pro re- maner'. de VVirkiton et Walkeslaw, per servic'. levio suo de molend. de Burgo in com. Derby, custod'. unum Osturcum Regis usq. festum q. dictus Philippus tenuit de Rege in capite, Sancti Mich'is annuatim, vel usq. ad nian- per servitium inveniendi unum hominem por- datu' Regis tunc deffere dictum osturcu'. ad tanteni unum falconcm heronar'. quoiibet anno Regem, et tunc durante stisona coniorabil'. in seisona coram Rege cum per Regem fnerit ad cur', capiend. ad cur' per diem vd. ob. et premonit' capiend'. pro dicto servitio faciend'. coniedet omnibus diebus in hospitio Regis, et ad sumptibus Regis, duas robas ad fest' cepit per annum duas robas. Esc. tempore Pent, et Nativitaiis Dni. De termino Trin. R. Hen. fil. Reg. Johannis. Harl. MS. Brit, anijo 21 Edw. HI. Rot. 1. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 708, p. 6. Mus. ISo. 34, p. 167. in 279 in obedience to the King so long as lie should please, at the wages of the said Robert whilst he resided there, for all services*, KILEBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. Ralph de Fauconer held of the King in capite four pounds and two-pence rent in Kileby, by the petit serjeanty of bearing one lanar falcon, at the costs of our lord the Kingj-. STANBRIGGS, COUNTY OF BEDFORD. Richard le Chamberleyn, who married Joan the daughter and heir of John Gardener, made fine with the Kino- for himself and his wife, by one hundred shillings for their relief, for the serjeanly of keeping the King's falcons in Stanbriggs X- LEWES, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Robert de Eleford, son and heir of Robert de Eleford, made fine with the King by one hundred shillings for his relief, viz. for four yard lands which he holds of the King in Lewes, in the county of Oxford, by the serjeanty of keeping a falcon in season, at his own proper costs §. ECHEMEN- * Robertus de Tateshale tenuit maiier'. de Kileby, per parvani seriantiam portandi unum Shaldeburne in com. Berk, de R. in capite, per falconem laneri, sumptibus domini Regis, seriantiam, viz. per servic'. mutand'. et custod'. Anno 4 Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. falconem gentle R. et ilki'. deferend. per se 821, p. 34. vel per aliu'. R. ad mandatu'. ipsius K. ciist'. t Ricardus le Chamberleyn, qui Johanna predict! Robert! morando cnm falcone predict' tiliam et heredem Johannis Gardener diixit in in obsequio R. quamdiu R. placuit ad vad. nxorem, fecit iinem cum Rege pro se et uxore ipsius R. dum moram fecerit pro omni servicio. sua per 100 s. pro relevio suo, per .serjantiam Esc. anno 31 R. Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit. cuslodiendi falcon. Regis in Stanbriggs. De Mus. No. 708, p. 28. termino Pasclie, anno 29 Edw. I. ibid. No. f Radus de Fauconer tenuit de Rege in ca- 34, p. 21. pite quatuor libras et duos denarios redditus in ^ Robertus de Eleford, filius et heres Ro- bert! 280 ECHEMENDON, COUNTY OF SALOP. In the second year of King Edward I. John de Audeley ren- dered a mewed sparrow hawk f at the Exchequer for the manor of Echemendon, which he held of the King in capite *. ^ Spervarium mularium. From muto, to mew up hawks in the time of their muting, or molting, or casting their plumes. Hence the Muta Regia, the Mews near Charing-cross, in Lon- don, now the King's stables, formerly the falconry, or place for the King's hawks- Kennet's Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. in v. MUTO. BLADENE, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Walter de Hauvill holds the town of Bladene of the gift of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of keeping the King's birds, and it was worth seven pounds f-. SANDIACRE, COUNTY OF DERBY. Richard de Sandiacre holds ten pounds of land in Sandiacre, by the serjeanty of keeping a goshawk, and of finding twelve -carriers (to convey the said goshawk,) and himself to bear a tabor.]:. berti de Eleford, fmem fecit cum Rege per 1 8c 2 Edw. 1. Rot. 2, a. Madox's Hist. 100s. pro relevio suo, viz. pro qiwtuor viigat'. Excheq. p. 6l2. terr'. quas tenet de Rege in capite in Lewes in f VValterus de Hauvilt tenuit villam de Bla- com. Oxen, per serjanc'. custod'. unum fal- dene de dono dni Regis, per serjantiam •ciisto- conem, sumptibiis .suis propriis, in seisona. diendi aves dni Regis, et val'. <£ vij. Testa de DeterniinoMich.anno23Edw. I. Harl. MS. Nevil, p. 107. Brit. Mus. No, 34, p. 15. + Ricardiis de Sandiacre tenet x librat'. terr*. * Salopsire. Redditus. Jacobus de Audi- in Sandiacre, per serjantiam ad custodiend'. tbele reddit ad Scaccarium unum spervarium ostur'. et inveniendum xij portatores, et seip- mutarium pro manerio de Echemendon, quod sum ad ferend'. taborem. Ibid. p. 20. de Rege tenet in capite. Mich. Commun. SECT. 281 SECT. XI. Of Petit Seijeanfies, hj Religious Sei-vices. GREENS-NORTON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON. So named of the Greens (persons famed in the sixteenth cen- tury for their wealth) called before Norton-Dauney, was held of the King in capite, by the service of lifting up their right-hands towards the King, yearly, on Christmas-day, wheresoever the King should then be in England *. CONINGSTON, COUNTY OF LEICESTER. Thomas Winchard held land in Coningston in the county of Leicester, in capite, by the service of saying daily five pater-nosters and five ave marias, for the souls of the King's progenitors, and the souls of all the faithful departed, for all services f-. MAPLESCAUMP, COUNTY OF KENT. William de Valoignes holds of our lord the King in capite, a moiety of the manor of Maplescaump, by this service, that if the King should come to Maplescaump to hear mass, then the said William was to find him a penny for an oblation %. * Fines 18 Ric. II. Blount, 10. Camd. Rege in capite, medietatem manerii de Maples- Brit, tit. Northamptonshire. luqiiis. 4-t caump, per talcm scrvitiuni quod si dominus Edw. III. Rex venerit usque Maplescaump ad missam ■|- Inquis. C? Edw. III. Escaet. 37 Edw. suam audieiidam, tunc idem \\ illielnius inve- III. Blount, 1 6. niet ei unum deuarium ad oblationeni. In + Willielmus de Valoignes tenet de domino Parvo Rot. Ilundredor. Kantiae. Blount, 29. o o EAST- 282 EAST-HENDRED, COUNTY OF BERKS. John Pater-Noster holds one yard land, with the appurtenances, in East-Hanred in the county of Berks, by the serjeanty of saying, for the soul of our lord the King, one pater-noster daily, and it was worth five shillings yearly *. PAPWORTH-ANNEVS, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. John Russell holds in the town of Papworth-Anneys in the county of Cambridge, two hides and an half of land of the King in capite, by the serjeanty of feeding two poor persons, for the souls of his ancestors ; and it is rated at eight shillings a year at the Exchequer f. PUSEY, COUNTY OF BERKS. Alice Pater-Noster holds one yard land in Pusey, in the county of Berks, in capite of our lord the King, by the service of saying every day five Pater-nosters, for the souls of the King's ancestors ; and it was worth five shillings a year j:. And Richai'd Pater-Noster, for his relief, said, three times, before the present barons, (of the Exchequer) the Lord's Prayer, with the * Johannes Pater-Noster tenet unam virga- mabus antecessorum suornm, et arrentatur ad tanrt terrae, cum pertin. in East-Hanred, in Scaccarium pro viii s. Plac. Coron. 14Edw. com. Berks, per serjantiam dicendi, pro aiiinia I. Cant. Blount, 41. domini Regis, unum Pater noster quotidie, et J Alicia Pater-Noster tenet unatn virgatam valet per ann. vs. Plac. Coron.apud VV'inde- terrae in Pusey in com. Berks, in capite de do- sor, 12 Edvv. I. Rot. 29, in dorso. Blount, 39. mino Rege, per servitium dicendi quolibet die -t" Johanoes Russell tenet in villa de Pap- quinquies Pater nuster, pro animabus anteces- •worth-Anneys in com. Cantabr. duas hidas sorum domini Regis, et valet per ann. vs. terrje, et dimidiam de domino Rege in capite, Plac. Coron. 12 Edvi', I. Rot. S5, dorso, per serjantiam pascendi duos paupcres pro ani- Blount, 5 1 . Salutation 283 Salutation of the blessed Mary, as John his hrolher had done for his relief*. See Holicote, p. 295. BARKING, COUNTY OF ESSEX. The manor of Clay-hall was held under the abbess and convent of Barking by a quit rent of 15s. Sd. and the following services, viz. that the tenant should come in person to the Abbey Church of Barking, on the vigil of St. Ethelburgh the Virgin, and there attend and guard the high altar from the first hour of vespers till nine o'clock the next morning ; and that he should be ready at all times with a horse and man to attend the abbess and her steward, when going upon the business of the convent, any where within the four seas ; and lastly, that the abbess should have by way of heriot, upon the death of every tenant, his best horse and accou- trements -j'. BURCESTER, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Richard de Camvil, and Eustace his wife, gave a virgate of land ^f in Burcester to Robert Clerk, yet, so that the aforesaid Robert Clerk, or his heirs, should find one lamp before the altar of St. Nicholas, in the great church of St. Mary and St. Edburga, in Burcester, burning throughout every night and day while divine service was celebrated, and at canonical hours t^. * Et Richardus Pater-Noster, pro relevio, J Ita tamen quod praedictus Robertus Cle- suo ter dixit, coram baronibus modo hie Ora- ricus velhaeredes sui inveiiient lampadem uiiam tionem Dominicam, cum Salutatioiie Beatae ante altare Sancti Nicholai, in niajbri ecclesia Mariae, sicut Johannes frater ejus fecerat pro S. Mariic et S. Edburgje de Bereucester qua- relevio suo. Rot. fin. Pasch. SI Edvv. HI. libet nocte totaliter, et quolibet die dum divina Blount, 51. celebrantur, et ad boras canonicaies ardentem. f Mr. LethieuUier's MS. froai Esch. 1.5 Keunett's Paroch.Aniiq. p. ISO. Edw. IV. Ljsons's Envir. vol. iv. pp. 82^ 83. o 2 ^ Lauds 284 f Lands and rent charges were frequently giren to religious houses and parish churches for the maintenance of a lamp or candle, set burning on the altar of any church or chapel. By the ecclesiastical constitutions in Normandy, it was ordained that once in a year, about Pentecost, the priest and capellanes should come with their people in a full procession to the mother church, and for every house, should offer on the altar, a wax taper, to enlighten the church. Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. p. 598, and Gloss, sub voce Luminare. See also note on Whickham. PONTIIOP, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the eiohth year of the pontificate of Bishop Skirlaw, 1395, William de Gourlay was seised in his demesne as of fee of the manor of Ponthop, containing sixty acres of land by estimation, which was held of the lord bishop in capite, by the service of offering and paying yearly one besant^ at the shrine of St. Cuth- bert:^*:[:, at his feast in Lent§||§, to support the oblation of the said lord bishop §§§ ; and by the service of paying yearly another be- sant^, or two shillings, to the lord bishop and his successors, at the time aforesaid ; and by the service of appearing |||{|| at the three , principal county courts ^, and by foreign service [j] *. f[ Bisancum. See note under Smalleies. X*X Ad Feretrum Sancti Cuthbcrti. The Shrine of St. Cuthbert, interred at last at Durham. P. It is now called St. Cuthbert's Feretory, from feretrum. E. * Willielmus de Gourlay seis'. fuit in gesima, ad oblationeni dicti dni epi'. sustiiiend'. dnico suo ut de feodo maner'. de Pontop, et per serv'. reddend. an', aliud bisancum, vel contin'. LX acr'. terr'. per esletn'. (estim'.) que ii s. dno epo'. et succ'. siiis ad predictiim temp, ten', diio epo in capite, per servic'. offerendi et per ser'. com', ad tres principal' com. et per et reddendi anniiat. unum bisancum ad feretrum forins'. serv'. Inquis. post Mortem Willielmj Sancti Cuthbertij ad festuni suum in Quadra- de Gourlay, 8. Skirlaw. Ad 285 §1|§ Ad festum suum in Quadragesima. 20tli March. P. §§§ Oblationem dicti domini epi'. sustinend'. So that as the bishop always made his offering then, this besant of two shilHngs vahie was to be part of it. P. IIIHl Com, Comparandi, of appearing at the county courts. E. ^ Tres principales com. Quaere of these, as the sheriffs turn was but twice a year. P. IX] Forins. Servic'. Foreign service is that, whereby a mesne lord holds over of another without the compass of his own fee, or else that which a tenant performs either to his own lord, or to the lord paramount out of the fee. And it seems to have been knioht's service, or escuage uncertain. Blount's Law Diet, voce Foreion. E. ft CLEIIUNGRE, COUIVTY OF HEREFORD. William de Broynton held half a hide of land there of the gift of the Earl of Hereford by suit of court ; and Robert de Tlierk- levile, and his partners, the other moiety, by making one oblation of seven shillings upon the altar of St. Ethelbert*. APSE, COUNTY OF SURREY. Ralph Blundus, and William Fitz Gunnuld, William Fitz Gil- bert, and Osbert Malherb, held of our lord the King in capite, half a hide of land in alms, by the service of distributing and giving one * Willielmus de Broynton dimid. liidam de scptem solid, super altare Sancti Ethelberti. dono Comitis Heiefoid per sccta curie, et Ro- Evidenciae extract de libro Feodorum Sac, bertus de Therklevile et socij sui praBnominati Com. Hereford, anno primo Regis Edw. III. alteranimedietatem, faciend'. unam obiaciontni HarJ, MS. Brit. Mus. No. 6765, p. 15. cask 286 cask f of ale on the day of All Saints, for the soul of our lord the King, and his ancestors *. % Cuna. See note on Biscopestre, p. 192. DURHAM. The commons of the bishop of Durham, standing upon their ancient privilege, did refuse to serve under the King in his wars, which he waged with Scotland, for they pleaded, and proved it, that they were halywerke folkes[l§||, and held their lands to safe- guard and defend the corps of holy St. Cuthbert, neither ought they to go out of the precincts of the bishoprick, namely, between Tyne and Tees, for King or Bishop -j-. ||§|| See Hallewimen, in the note on Thurgarton, &c. ASIIEBY MARSH, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON. Henry de Greene, possessing the lauds which were formerly of John de Asheby Marsh, acknowledged himself to hold one mes- suage, one pigeon-house, thirty-six acres of land, six acres of wood, and fifty-six shillings rent in Ashby-Mares (Ashby-Marsh) of the King in capite, by the service of lifting up his right-hand yearly on Christmas-day towards the King wheresoever he shall be in Eng- land X- * Apse. Radus Bliindus, et VVillielnius :[; Henricus de Greene teiiens terrarum que Filius Gunnuld, et Willielmus Filius Gillbert, fiiere Johannis de Asheby Mares, cognovit se et Osbertus Malherbe, tenent in capite de diio tenere ununi messuagiuin, iiuuin coliunbum, Rege, diinid. hjdam terre in Elemos' distri- xxxvj acr'. ten'. \j acr'. bosci, lvis. redd', in bueiidi et donandi unam cuvatam cervisie die Asheby Mares de Kege in capite, per servi- Omnium Scorfi, pro aniiiia diii Regis et ante- tium levandi maiium suam dextram annuatim, cessorum suoruni. Inquis. &c. Com. Surrey, die Nativitatis Dili, erga Regem ubicunque temp. Regis Johannis. llarl. MS. Brit. Mus. fuerit in Angiia. Determine Mich, anno 42 No. 313, p. 19. Edw. III. Rot. 1. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. t Camd. Brit. 736. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. 34, p. 244. No. 5127, p. 11. LYSTON, 287 LYSTON, COUIVTY OF DEVON. ^VlUiain de Gatesden holds the manor of Lyston, by one pound of frankincense for the King's chapel *. SECT. XII. Of Petit Sojeanties relating to the providing of Shij^s, Boats, S^e. DEGEMUE AND EGLOSDERI, COUNTY OF CORNWALL. William Trevelle holds one Cornish acre of land ^ in Degemue and Eglosderi, by the serjeanty of finding one boat and nets for fishing in Ifellestone Lake, whensoever our lord the Kino; should come to Ileliestone, and so long as he should stay there -j-. f See Pengevel, p. 129. MALDEN, COUNTY OF ESSEX. The inhabitants of 3Ialden in Essex, antiently held that town by serjeanty, to find the King a ship with its furniture or tackle, as often as it should happen that he should go with his army out of the * Willielnnus de Gatesden ten', maner'. de serjantiam inveniendi unain batcUum et rethis Lyston, per unam libram thuris ad cap'llara ad piscanduni in Lacu de Hellestone, quando- Regis. Testa de Nevil, p. I98. cunque doniinus Rex venerit apud Hellestone, tWillielmusTrevelle tenet unam acram terras et quamdiu inoram ibi fecerit. Piac. Coron. Cornubiensem iu Degemue et Eglosderi, per de anno 12 Edw. I. Cornub. Blount, 54. kingdom 288 kiiifvtlom of England, for forty days, at their own proper costs; and this they were to do on the King's summons *. LENYNGBURN, COUNTY OF KENT. William, son of William Bek, holds his land in Lenyngburn, by the serjeanty of finding, when the King crossed the sea towards Gascony, one ship, which is called a Baard, at his own proper charges -f. SEA-PORT TOWNS. King Edward I. ordained that his sea-port towns should provide for his service certain ships at their own proper costs, and double shippage f [.. ^ Sumptibus suis propriis, et duplici eskippamento. Sir Robert Cotton (in his answer to motives for war) interprets it double shippage, by which I suppose he means double tackle, or fur- niture for the ships. Blount. I should suppose this double shippage rather to be shipment, and means a conveyance to and from a place. It cannot be appli- cable to the tackle, as the ships were of course to be fit to go to sea, and the after-words seem to allude to the nature of the service to be required of them, namely, double shipment, though it may probably apply to a double proportion of men, which was not an unfrequent obligation. W. * Unafn navem cuin iipparatu suo quoties- terrain suam in Lenyngburn, per serjantiam cunque conligtrit dictum Regem ire cum ex- inveniendi ad transfretationem domiiii Kegis ercitu extra regnum Angli* per XL dies, sump- unain navem quK vocatur Baaid, versus Vasco- tibus suis propriis, et hoc ad summonitionem niam, sumptibus suis propriis. In Rot. tlun- domini Rtgis. Piac. Coron. de 13 Edw. I. dred. anno 3 Edw. I. Kane. Blount, 60.. Blount, 27. :{; Claus. 1 Edw. I. Blount, 02. t Willielmus, filius Willielmi Bek, tenet BURE- 280 BURE-FERRERS, COUNTY OF CORNWALL. Sir John do Ferrers, kiiiglit, liolils of the Ijoiior of the Castle of Tremanton, in the county of Cornwall, twenty-one knighls fees in Bure-Ferrers, and elsewhere, by knii^ht's service, payinoj at the feast of St. Michael four boatmen |.§^ to manaf^e the boats at the passao-e of Esse, and supporting twenty-one of the battlements ||§|I of the Castle aforesaid, at his own proper costs *. %^\. Virones. Is here used for boatmen, or such as could manage the passage boat. Blount. Vide Spelm. in voce. \\m Kernella Caslri. Kernella are the nooks or notches on the top of the Mall of an embattled castle, which is therefore called Castellum Kernellatum, from the Latin crena, a notch. Blount. Rather from the French creneller, to make battlements, from whence comes the words croneau, a battlement, and crenele, embattled. E. GREXbCLE, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. Matthew de Hastings held the manor of Grenocle in the county of Sussex, of the King, by this service, that he should find an oar for the King's use, when he should pass over the sea at the haven of Hastings §|§i-. §J.§ Qujere. Whether this is v, ithin the tenure of Voyage-Royal, aboHshed by the stat. 12 Car. 11. cap. 24 ? t * Johannes de Ferrers, chevalier, tenet de passiigii de Esse, et sustinend. xxi Kernella Ilonore Castri de Tremanton in coniilatu Cor- Castri pra;dicti, sumptilms suis propriis. An- nubiaa, xxi feoda militinn iu Bure-Ferrers, et tiq. Supervis. Dncatus Cornubise. Blount, }Q7. alibi, per servitiumniilitare,ieddend. ad festuin -[ Iiiquis. J Edw. I. Blount, 1 tO. k>ancti Michaelis, qiiaiuor virones ad batcUos ;}: Couipl. Copjholdcr, 28'2. p p ILVSTING'S, 290 HASTINGS, COUNTY OF SUSSEX, Called ill Saxon ^aj-rinsa-ceaj-reji, is the chief town of the Cinqne l*orts, and had a mint in the time of King Athelstan. It, with its members, Winchelsea, Rye, &c. was bound to find twenty-one ships for any naval expedition, at the King's summons ; and there ought to be in every ship twenty-one men, able, fitly qualified, well armed and well furnished for the King's service ; yet, so that the summons be made on the King's behalf, forty days before : and when the aforesaid ships and men were come to the place where- unto they were summoned, they were to abide there in the King's service for fifteen days, at their own proper costs and charges ; and if the Kino* should have further need of their service, after the fifteen days aforesaid, or would have them stay there any longer, those ships, with the men, while they remained there, were to be in the King's service at the King's costs and charges, so long as the King pleased : the master of each ship was to have sixpence a day, and the constable sixpence a day, and every one of the rest three-pence a day *. From the certificate of Stephen de Pencester, constable of Dover Castle, and Warden of the Cinque Ports, in the reign of Edward 111. it appears that the manor of Grange was obliged to furnish one ship, and two able and well armed men, towards the quota which the port of Hastings was bound to supply for the King's service, for forty days. This manor was held by the noble family of Hastings during several centuries, by the tenure of grand ser- jeanty ; and Matthew de Hastings, who died in the fifth of Edward, I. was found to have possessed it by the service of finding one oar whenever the King should sail towards the port of Hastings -f-. * Camden, Brit. 249, cites an antient record f Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii. in the Kind's Exchcnutr. p. 686. DOVER, t>01 DOVER, COUNTY OF KKNT. In the time of Kinjv Edward the Confessor, Dover paid ei'esses furnished the Kino; with twenty ships once in each year, for fifteen days, and in each ship were twenty-one men; this they did because he had freed them from sac^ and soc§§§*. ^ Sac, signifies a royaUy, or rather a jurisdiction of holding plea, and correction of trespasses in a manor ; or a power to amerce tenants in court. Chauncy's Hist. Antiq, of Hertfordshire. §§§ Soc, signifies a power or liberty of jurisdiction, or to have suit of tenants, or to search for thieves, or stolen goods, within a manor or fee, and to do justice upon such inquisition, or tenants in a liberty who are exempted from those common services which subjects are ordinarily bound to perform to their prince. Chauncy. DORCHESTER, COUNTY OF DORSET. In Dorchesti'e, in the time of King Edward, were one hundred and seventy-two houses which contributed for every service due to (he King, for ten hides: viz. for the u.se of the huscarles§*§ one mark of silver, except the customs appertaining to the firm of one night §-f§-f'. §*§ The King's huscarles were his menial servants. Their rank among the Saxons is said, by Dr. Henry, to have been that of complete freemen. * See tlie Domesday Survey, torn, i, fol. 75. •[ Gough's Camd. Brit. edit. 1789. vol. i, p. 44. P P 2 §t§ Ad 292 § |§ Ad firniam iioctis, was a custom or tribute paid toAvards the entertainment of the Kino; for one nioht, accordincr to Domes- day. Blount's Law Diet, sub voce. WILTON, COUNTY OF WILTS. When the King went on an expedition, either by land or water, he was to have from this manor either twenty shillings to feed his buzecarls, or took with him one man for the honour of live hides *. TORKESEY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. In Saxon Tujxcepz, now a little mean town, but heretofore very noted ; for there were in it before the Norman times (as it is in Domesday) two hundred burghers, who enjoyed many privileges, on condition that they should carry the King's ambassadors as often as they came that way, down the river Trent, in theii" own barges, and conduct them as far as York. Their antient charter is still preserved ; and they enjoy thereby the privilege of a toll, from strangers who bring cattle or goods that way ; as also the privilege of a fair on Monday in Whitsun week j-. BURAM, COUNTY OF KENT. Richard de Bet held a certain serjeanty in Burani, for which he was to find for our lord the Ring one ship in every of his passages j:. * Quando Rex ibat in expeditinnem, vel % Seriaiitia Tvicaidi de Bet in Buiam pro terra, vel mari, habebat de hoc manerio aiit xx ' qua inveiiiie debiiit duo liegi uninn naveni in sol. ad pascendos siios Buzecarl. aut ununi lio- qiialibet passagio suo. De Seijantijs aren- minem diicebat secum pro honore fjuinqiie talis in Comitat. Kancie per Robertum Passe- hidarum. Domesd. tit. \^'iItse. Wilton. Bio. lewe, tempore Hen. Regis lilij Regis Jolian. l>aw Diet. Buzecarl. llarl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 313, p. II. t Gough's Camd. vol. ii. p. 227- SECT. 293 SECT. XIII. Oj Petit Seijeanties petjormcd by tnanual Labour, ^r. CLKEXEY, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Joceus le Fleniniangh came to the Conquest of England, in the lime of ^Villiam Duke of Normandy, and purchased in Cukeney the third part of a knight's fee. And the aforesaid Joceus begot a son of the name of Richard. In the same town, there lived a certain man, who was called Gamelbere, and he was an old drey- inghe ]:§i. before the Conquest ; l»e held two carucates of land of our lord the King in capite, for this service, th.at he was to shoe the King's palfrey upon its four feet, with the King's nails [*], when- soever he should lie at his manor of Mansfield ; and if he should lame the Ring's palfrey, he was to give him a palfrey worth four marks. And if the army should be in Wales, he was to perform service according to the quantity of two carucates, and likewise for homao-e. The aforesaid Gamelbere died without heirs of his body, and his laud was an escheat in the hands of King Henry I. And the same Kino- gave that land to Richard, son of Joceus afore- said, and his heirs, to be held of the King by the aforesaid service*. * Joceus le Flenimangh venit ad Coiiqucs- si inclaudet pnlefiidum doniini Regis, dabit ei tuin Angliae, tempore Willielmi Ducis Nor- palefridum cjuatuor niarcarum. Et si exer- maniiias, et qusesivit in Cukenny tertiam partem citus fuerit in VVallia, faciei servitium secuii-- J'eodi uiiiiis niilitis : et pra:dictus Joce gfiiuit dum quantitatem diiarum camcatanim, et si- qiiendam filiuni nomiwe Richardiun. In ea- militcr pro honragio. Pra;dictus Gamelbere deni villa mancbat qiiidam liomo qui vocabatiir obiit sine liiErede de se, et terra sua fuit escha- Gamelbere, et fuit vetus dieyiiiglie ante Con- eta in maniim Regis Henrici prinii. Et ipse questum ; tenuit duas ccirucatas terrie de do- Rex dedit illam terram Richardo filio Jocei iiiino Rege in capite, pro tali servilio; defe- prxdicti, et hsredibus suis, tenendani de eo rendo palefridum domini Regis super quatuor per pi-a'dictum servitium. Ex Registro de pedes, de cluario domini Regis, quotiescunque >\'clbec, penes Rob. Coniitem Kingstonia;, id manerium suum de Maunsl'eld jatiierit; et anno lOoO. 2Mon. Ang. 598, a. Bl-oiint,4. Thomas, 204 Thomas, the son of the said Richard, founded the abbey of Welbeek, in the reign of King Henry II *. :!:§:{: By Dreyinghe is understood a knight, or one that held land by knight's service, before the Conquest, and was not ousted of his estate by WiHiam the Conqueror. Blount. [*] De Cliiario Domini Regis. With the King's nails and shoeing materials. Blount. Claurio, from the French Clou, a nail. E- Quaere, if not mis-read for Clavaris ? P. From the aforesaid Thomas, son of Richard (surnamed Thomas de Cukeney) the estate descended to Isabel his daughter, who was married to Simon Fitz Simon, and from her to her three daughters; Agnes, married to Sir Walter de Fauconberg, Isabel, married to Walter de Riboef, and Petronilla, married to Stephen de Faucon- berg, brother of Sir Walter. This Stephen was seised of the estate at Cukeney, in right of his wife ; and from him descended Henry Fauconberg, who held the manor of Cukeney, in the county of Nottingham, by serjcanty of shoeing the King's horse when he came to Mansfield, as mentioned by Camden -j^; and afterwards, in the 2d Edw. III. anno 1329, he gave the same, with other posses- sions, to John de Hotham, bishop of Ely, who the same year gave them to the abbot and convent of W elbeck ]:. MARDEN, COUNTY OF HEREFORD, John Freeman held one yard-lard in Marden, in the county of * Ex registro praedict. Mon. Angl. ii. 598. Rex veniret ad Maiisfeld. Camd. Brit. edit, b. passim. I. p. 124. Nottingliamsliirc. -|- Heniicus FauconI>erge tenebat mauerium i Ex registro de Welbec predict. Mod. ite, by the service of conducting the King's treasure from Hereford to London, at the King's costs, and returning at his own proper costs. And of sumnsoning the Bishop of Hereford at the gates of the said bishop's manor of Bromyard, if the King sJiould happen to im[)le^d the said bishop j- MAWARDYN, * Petriis de Condrey tenet manciium de manniae, ad teiiendam unam cordam ejusdem Padeworth, in com. Berks, in capite de domino navis in eadeni. Et valet per ann. serjantia ilia ik'j;e, per serjantiain inveniendi uniim servi- x marcas. Plac. Coron. apud VVindesor, 12 enteni in navi dominie Iteginae quotiescnnque Edw. I. Rot. 46. Blount, 40. contigurit ipsam IraiistVetare ad partes Nor- f Richardus Pygot tenet duas virgatas terr^e in 297 - MAWARDYN, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. Walter de Monmouth holds one yard-land in Mawardyn, in the county of Hereford, by the serjeanty of eonductinj^ the treasure of our lord the King to London, as often as he should be sum- moned by the sheriff, with one horse and an iron helmet, at the costs of the King, to wit, twelve pence a day towai'ds London, and returning at his own proper costs *. And William Caperon held two yard-lands there, by the serjeanty of keeping the gate of the Castle of Herefox'd, and of having twelve pence a day of our lord the King-j-. WRENCIIOLM, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND. Robert Fitz Alexander holds the manor of Wrencholm, by keep- ing the King's hogs, fi-om the time of pawnage, until they wei*e appraised .];. in Stanford-Regis, in com. Hereford, de do- mino Rege in capite, per servitium conducendi tliesaurum domini Regis de Hereford usque ad London, sumptibus dornini Regis, et in redeundo sumptibus suis propriis ; et etiam summonendi episcopum Hereford, ad portas inanerii dicti episcopi de Bromyard, si con- tingat doniinuni Rcgem prasdictum episco- pum impiacitare. Plac. Coron. de anno CO Edvv. I. Heref. Blount, 58. * Walterus de Monemuvve tenet unani vir- gatam terrae iu Mawardjn, in com. Heref. per serjautiam conducendi tliesaurum dom. Itcgis .usque London, quotiescunque sunimo- nitus fuerit per vicecomitem, cum imo equo et capeilo ferreo sumptibus domini Regis, viz. xii d. quolibet die versus London, et in re- deundo sumptibus suis propriis. •f- Et \S illielmus Caperon lenuit duas vir- gatas terrae ibidem per serjantiam custodiendi portam Castri Hereford, et habendi xii dena- rios per diem de domino Rege. Plac. Coron. de anno 20 Edw. I. Heref. Blount, 59. J Robertus Filius Alexandri tenet manerium de Wrencholm, per custodian! porcorum Regis, tempore pannagii donee apprecientur. luquis. 13 Joh. Cumber. Blount, 70. Q. Q. THAME- 298 THAMEWELL, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Robert de Grant held one messuage and thirteen acres of land in the hamlet of Thamewell, in the county of Oxford, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of keeping the gate, called Woodgate, at Woodstock, in the King's presence, when he should make a stay there *. CUMBES, COUNTY OF SURREY. Peter de Baldewyn holds a certain serjeanty in Cumbes, in the county of Surrey, by gathering wool for our lady the Queen, from the white thorns^, if he chose to do it; and if he refused to gather it, to pay twenty shillings a-year at the King's Exchequer f. % Ad colligendam lanam domina? ReginaB per albas spinas. To ffo a wool-2:atherin(r for the Queen amono: the thorns and briars; though I confess I do but guess at albas spinas, for the record is illegible, and seems to make it per albias, with a dash over tlie word. Blount. The hawthorn, in the north, is called white thorn, and the sloe, black thorn. A. And so almost universally in Yorkshire. E. It is the proper name of the tree. P. Divers conjectures have been formed upon a passage in the record of Domesday, relating to the manor of Kingston; which states that Humphrey, the chamberlain, had one of the villains be- longing to that manor in his custody, " causa coadunandi lanam * Robertas de Grant tenuit unum messua- -|- Petrus de Baldewyn tenet quandam ser- gium et xiii acras terrae in hainletto de'riiame- jantiani in Cumbes, in com. Surrey, ad coiti- well, in com. Oxon. de domino Rcge, per gendain lanam dominae Keginae, per albas serjantiam ciistodiendi portam de Wodegate, spinas, si voluerit, et si nolit earn colligere, apud Wodestock in presenlia domini Regis, solvet ad Scaccarium domini Regis xx s. per cum idem domiuus Rex niofam ibidem faceret. ami. Plac. Corou. de anu. 39 Hen. III. Surr. Piac. Coron. 13 Edsv. 1. Rot. 4G. dorso. Blount, 79. O.xon. Blount, 74. Reginae ;" 200 Reginae ;" and that he paid 20 s. for his rclier nhon his father died. Sahnon says, that the word coadunare siojnifies " to weave ;" and he supposes that this man carried on a woollen manufacture, hy which he was enabled to pay a relief of 20 s. on his father's death. A MS. in the Ilarleian collection * explains this matter very fully: we are there informed, that Ralph Postel held one hide of land in Condje, by serjeanty, viz. by the service of collecting (colligendi) the Queen's mooI; and that the said hide was given to his ancestors, with this service annexed, by Henry I. In a subsecpient record it is said, that Ralph Postel's land, which was worth 20 s. per annum, was escheated to the crown, and that it had been held by the service of collecting the Queen's wool, and that if he did not collect it, he was to forfeit 20 s. to the crown. By tlie same IMS. it appears, that the above serjeanty'^was after- wards granted to Peter Baldwin j-. Blount, p. 79, in order to supply the blank in the place where he confesses that the record was illegible, and which he only does by guess, ])uts in the word spinas, and then givfes this account of the tenure, \iz. that the Queen's tenant here held this little manor by the service of " going a wool-gathering for the Queen among the thorns and briars." And the author of a treatise since [)ublished, called " Domesday Book illus- trated," p. 175, follows Blount, Avithout any other explanation of him, than by translating the words, " coadnnandi lanam Regina>," winding or mixing, or working up the Queen's wool with other wool, or gathering wool for the Queen. * No. 313, called a Transcript of knights the reigns of Hen. III. and King John. Tiie fees, and other tenures of lands, and also of originals are not now to be found, escheats and wards belonging to the crown in f Lysons's Environs, vol. i. p. "236. Q Q 2 Now, 300 Now, the truth is, that " the origuial revenue of our ancient Queens, before and soon after the Conquest, consisted in cer- tain reservations or rents out of the demesne lands of the crown, which were expressly appropriated to the Queen, dis- tinct from the King. In Domesday Book, after specifying the rent due to the crown, it was not uncommon to add likewise the quantity of gold, or other renders, reserved to the Queen. These were frequently appropriated to particular purposes ; to buy wool for her Majesty's use, to purchase oil for her lamps, or to furnish her attire from head to foot*." This manor of Cunibe was plainly one of those " reservations or rents out of the demesne lands of the crown," spoken of by Blackstone, as " expressly appropriated to the Queen's use ;" and, in the present instance, for the first of the pur- poses there mentioned, viz. " for buying wool for her Majesty's use." Ilumfrid the Chamberlain, who farmed this manor of the Queen by the service of co-adunating, i. e. getting toge- ther this wool, might possibly pay it in kind, collecting their respective portions of the several under-tenants. In succeeding times, however, particularly when Postel, and afterwards Baldwin, farmed this manor, the wool-rent was compounded for by the payment of 20 s. a year, in silver, at the Exche- quer ; and a rent paid in silver was always called alba firma. The blank therefore in the above-mentioned record of the 39 Hen. III. is undoubtedly to be filled up by the word firmam, whereby the whole will be rendered perfectly intel- * See Blackstone's Conim. vol. i. p. 221, and the authorities there cited, among which is the very article in question. ligiblc, 301 Hrtible, viz. that Peter Baldwin held the serjeanty in Cumhos by collectinj^ the Queen's avooI (not " per albas spinas," off the thorns and briars of the manor, but) " per albam firmam," i. e. by compositions in silver, to be paid by the respective under-tenants, to the amount of 20 s. a-year, or whether he did or not, should at least pay that sum annually himself for the same at the Treasury *. SOTTEBROC, COUNTY OF BERKS. In the time of King Henry II. Hugh de Sottebroc held one knight's fee at Sottebroc, in the county of Berks, by the service of finding coals for making the crown of our lord the King and his royal ornaments, taking sixty shillings and ten pence a-year for finding the said coals ■]-. MARSTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. John le Wafre held two virgates of land here by the service of conducting the treasure of our lord the King, from Hereford to London, as often as he should be summoned by the sheriff, with one horse and an iron helmet, at the costs of the King, to wit, twelve pence a day, towards London, and returning at his own proper costs |, * Gent. Mag. 1789, pp. 202, 203. summonitus fuerit per vicecomitem cum unp t Ex Lib. Niger Scacc. edit, per Tho. cquo et capello ferreo sumptibus diii Regis, Hearne, p. 187, internotas. viz. xii d. quolibet die versus London, et in J John le Wafre ten', ii virgat' ter'. per redeundo sumptibus suis propiiis. Plac, servitium conducendi thesauruin diii Regis de Coron. 20 £dw. I. Gongh's Camd. vol. ij. Hereford usque ad London, quotiescunque p. 46 1. LISTON, 302 LISTON, COUNTY OF ESSEX. John de Liston held tlie town or farm of Liston, in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of making baskets f for the King *. f Canistelios. Little baskets. Ainsworth's Law Lat. Diet. E. BURES, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Roger de Leyburn holds Bures, and Robert de Sutton of him, by the serjeanty of scalding the King's hogs -| . LANCASTER, THE TOWN OF. Margaret Docket held nine messuanres, four tofts, and one hun- dred and forty acres of land, &c. in the town of Lancaster, of the King, as of his Duchy of Lancaster, by serjeanty, and to find one bricklayer for the works of the castle of our lord the King, at Lancaster, to take one penny per day ; which said work was rented at five shillitigs yearly, and suit to the county court of Lancaster and wapentake of Lonesdale, and suit to mill of Loune, for one bushel of wheat :]:. SUTTON, COUNTY OF SALOP. Robert Sutton holds two yard-lands in Sutton, by the service * Ex Lib. Rub. Scacc. 137. Append, to caster de Rege ut de, &c. per seriavit' et inve- Brady's lutroduct. 22. riend'. 1 cement', pro op'ibus Castri dni K. f Rogerus de Leyburn ; Robertiis de Sut- Lane, capiend'. per diem 1 d. q. q'd. opera ton de eo tenet IJiires, per serjantiam escid- arentat' ad 5 s. per ann. et sect. com. Lane, diiiidi porcos Regis. L.\ Lib. Rub. Scacc. et wapentake de Lonesdale, et sect, molend Ibid. i3. de Loune, pro 1 b. gran. A° 20 Hen. VIL X Marg'ta Docket ten'. 9 mess'. 4 toft. Ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus, No. 2085, p. 456. 140 acr'. ter'. Sec. cura pertiu'. in villa de Lan- of 803 of finding one horse to carry the King's treasure towards London, twice a-year*. And Osbart de Sutton held a certain serjeanty there, for which he was to find for our lord the King, one horse with a collar^ to conduct his treasure every year at Michaelmas, from the town of Salop -j: ^ Capistrum. See note on Willougliby, p. 1 13. BERKEMIEAD ABBEY, COUNTY OF CHESTER. Richard Prepositus (Reeve) holds three oxgangs ||1§ of land there by keeping the wainhouses .|.|||. of our lord the King.|. §|1§ Bovata terrse. See note on Carleton, p. 145. ij-lii- Waynag, wannagia, wannage, seems to signify wainliouses, or necessary out-houses for husbandry. Blount's Law Diet, sub. voce. STANFFORDE, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. Henry Pygot holds two yard-lands [-f], with the appurtenances, in Stanflforde, by the serjeanty of conducting the King's treasure * Robertus Sutton tenet duas virgat'. terr'. quolibet anno ad festuni Sancti Mich'is d villa in Sutton, per servic'. inveniendi unum equum de Saloppe. Tenentes de domino Rege ad ducend. thesaur' Regis versus London, bis Hen. II. De Escaetis Gerardi de Thurnay. in anno. Nomina tenentium per serjantiam Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 1087, p. 18. de dtio Rege Joh'is in com. Salop. Harl. J Ricardus Prepositus tenet 3 bovat'. ter'. MS. Brit. Mas. No. 1087, p. 13. per waynag dni R. custodiend'. Feodary lor f Seriant. Osbart de Sutton, in Sutton, the county of Lancaster. Ibid. No. 2085. pro qua debuit invenire dno R. unum equum p. 434. cum capistro ad conducend, thesaur' diii R. to 304 to London, and of summoning his barons to the army, at the costs of our lord the King*. [i ] Virgata terrae. See note on Nether Overton, p. 130. HEREFORD, THE CITY OF. The Knights Hospitallers held a certain place in Hereford, in capite, of the gift of King Henry, father of King John, by the ser- vice of mending the causeys in Hereford -j-. KINGESTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. Henry le Fraunceys held half a hide of land in the town of Kingeston, for which he ought to carry the letters of our lord the King as often as they should come to Clyfford, in the county of Hereford t- BAUMBLRGHE, COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND. Robert, son of Robert le Porter, of Baumburghe, gave to the King thirteen shillings and four-pence for his relief, for 36 acres of land and five acres of meadow, with the appurtenances, in Baumburo-he, which the said Robert his father held of the King in capite by the service of keeping the gate of the Castle of Baumburghe, to take for keej)ing the same two-pence a day, and * Heiiricus Pygot tenet duas virgatas tcrre patris Regis Joh'is pro cauceis emendandis in cum pertin'. in StanfFoide per serianciam ad Hereford. Testa de Nevil. Harl. MS. Brit, conducend. thes'. diii Itegis apud London, ad Mus. No. 6760, p. 33. custum dni Regis ; et ad sutnmonend. Baron J Henricus le Fraunceys, tenet in villa de ad exercitnm. De sciitagio com. Hereford, Kingeston^ dim. hid. Debet portare I'ras dni temp. Edw. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. Regis, quotiescunque venerunt in com. Here- 6765, p. 19- ford apud Clyfforde. De Serianciis, temp. •|- Hospit'. tenent quandam placeam in Hen. II. Ibid. p. 24. Hereford, in capite de dvuo Htnrici Regis, of 305 of finding one watchman every night in the time of peace and war upon a certain gate, called Smythate, in the Castle aforesaid, and paying yearly at the Exchequer of the Castle of Newcastle-upon- Tyne, six shillings and eight-pence, and at the town of Bainburgh, our shillings and five-pence *. FROMYNTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. Richard Freman, nephew and heir of William le Frenian, made fine with the King by half a mark for his relief of certain lands and tenements, which the said William held of the King in capite the day he died, in Fromynton, in the county of Hereford, by the service of carrying one rope, without the wall of the Castle of Hereford, whilst ft should he measured f. LA OKE, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. Thomas de Holeford and Cecilia his wife, sister and heir of Sibilla de Apetot, gave 12s. for their relief for certain tenements in La Oke, which the same Sibilla held of the King in capite, by the serjeanty of conducting the King's treasure from the Castle of Hereford to London, and by the service of summoning the Bishop * Robertus, filius Roberti le Porter, de Baumburglie 4s. 5 d. De termino Mich'. Bauniburghe, dat Regi 13s. 4d. de relevio a° 3° Edw. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 8110 jjro 36 acr'. terr\ et 5 acr'. prati, cum 34, p. 99- pertin'. in Baumburghe quas dictus Robertus -f- Ricardus Freman, nepos et heres Wil- pater tenuit in capite de Rege per servitium lielmi le Freman, finem ficit cum Hege per custodiendi portam Castri de Bauniburghe, dimidiam marcam pro reievio suo de qui- capiend'. pro custodia ejusdem 2d. per diem, busdani ter'. et ten', q. prcdictiis Willielmus et inveniend'. unum vigilatorem qualibet nocte tenuit de Rege in capite die quo obijt, m Fro- tempore pacis et guerre super quandam por- mynton, in com. Heref. per servitium portandi tarn vocat Smjihate in Castro predicto, et unam cordam citra murum Cajtii Hereford, reddend'. per annum ad Scaccarium Castri Novi dum mensural' fuerit. De termino Mieh'. a° Castri super Tjnam vjs. viijd. et ville de 3 Edw. II. Ibid. pp. 57, 58. R R of 300 of Hereford at Bromyard, when he should be impleaded by the Kmg*. SKEFTYNTON, COUNTY OF LEICESTER. Thomas Randoll, son and heir of John Randoll, gave to the King forty-pence for his relief for one messuage, a moiety of one yard land, and eighteen-pence rent in Skeftynton, held of the King in capite, which same messuage or tenement was of the serjeanty which Baldwin de Skeftynton sometime held, and for which he was to carry the King's writs in his wars in England -f. IIAVERFSHOLME, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND. John de Appleby gave to our lord the King twenty-two shillings and two-j>ence for his relief, viz. twenty-two shillings for the manor of llaverisholme, in the county of Cumbei'land, held of the King in capite by grand serjeanty, viz. by the service of finding one tree for the King's paunage, in the forest of our lord the King in Ingle*- wode (Tnglewood), and by the service of keeping his hogs in that forest until they were appraised, for which service the same John was to receive one hog by the hands of the keeper of the forest aforesaid, or of his deputy there |, SUTIIERTON, * Thomas de Iloleford et Cecilia uxor ejus, Randoll, dat Regi XLd. pro relevio suo de soror et heres Sibilla' de jApetot, dant 12s^de uuo niessuagio niediet' uuius virgat'. terr'. et relevio suo pro quibusdam tent', iu la Oke, que 18 d. redditus in Skeftyngton, tent de Rege in eadem Sibilla tcnuit de Hege in capite, per capite, qne quidem tenementa sunt de ser- serianc'.conducend'. thesaurum Regis de Castro jantia quam IJaldewinus de Skeftyngtoa ali- Ileref. usq. London, et per servic'. summon- quando tenuit, et pro qua debet portare Brevia endi Episcopum Hereford apud Bromyard, Regis in guerra Anglie. De termino Hil. quando impli'tat' per Regem. De termino anno 3 Edw. II- Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. Mich, anno 12 Edw. I. Ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus. 34, p. 54. No. .'34, p. 2. J Johannes de Appleby dat domino Regi f Thomas Randoll, filius et hercs Johannjs xxii s. ij d. de reloio suo, viz. xxiis. inde pro Qiancrio 807 SUTIIERTON, COUNTY OF LANCASTER. Ralph Baruii holds half a bovat of land in Suthcrton, by ser>ice, that he should be bricklayer in the Castle (of Lancaster), or for five shillings yearly, at the King's election *. YORK, THE CITY OF. David Lardinar holds one piece of land in York, by the service of keepino^ the gaol, and of selling the cattle which were taken for the debts of our lord the King, and it was worth yearly five shillings f. BINSTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. William de Meaulinges holds his land by the serjeanty of scUing the cattle of our lord the King at the market-place of Norwich, and his land in Binston was w orth forty shillings |'. SCEFERDESLOND, COUNTY OF BUCKS. William Lorens (amongst other things) holds one acre of land, five acres in the fields, and one portion of meadow, which is mancrio de ILiuerisholme in com. Cumbi'. inentariiis in Castro (Lancastri*) vel per y teiit.de Rege in capite per niagnam serjan- sol', per annum, ad elecoem dui Reg. Testa de tiam, viz. per servitium invenicndi unum libr'. Nevil, p. 372. ad pannagium Regis in forest', drii Regis in f l^avid Lardinar' tenet unam terram in Inglcwode, et per servitium custodiendi per- Ebor. per servicium custodiendi gayolam, et cos in eadem foresta donee appretiantur, pro vendendi averia que capta sunt pro debitis dni quo servitio idem Johannes percipere debet Regis, et valet per annum v solid. Ibid. unum porcum per manus custodis foreste pre- p. 368. dicte vel ejus locum tencntis ibidem. Dc ter- % Willielmus de Meaulinges ten', terram mino Hilarij, anno 9 Ric. II. Harl. MS. Brit. suam per serjantiam vendendi averia dui Reg'. Mus. No. 34, pp. 293, 294. ad forum de Norwico, et valet terram suam in * Radus Barun tenet dimidiam bovatam Binston xls. Ibid. p. 284. terre (in Sullierton) per servicium quod sit ce- ll R 2 called »> 08 called Sceperdeslond, by tlie service of seven shillings and one penny, or to keep the sheep of our lord the King ; and if he did this service he was to give nothing*. SECT. XIV. Of hands forme rhj held of the Crown by various other Tenures. CHESTER, THE COUNTY PALATINE OF. "William the Conqueror first gave this province to Gherbord jl§]|, a nobleman of Flanders, who had only the same fitfe and power as the officiary earls amongst the Saxons had enjoyed, the inheritance, the earldom and grandeur of the tenure, being not yet settled. Afterwards Hugh Lupus, the son of the Viscount of Auranches, a nephew of William the Conqueror by his sister, received this earl- dom from the Conqueror under the greatest and most honourable tenure that ever was granted to a subject ; he gave him this whole county to hold to him and his heirs as freely by the sword, as the King held the crown of England ]•, And consonant thereunto, in all indictments for felony, murder, * Williehnus Lorens (inter al'.) tenet unam -f- Habendum et tenendum dictum caiuita- acram, et quinque acras in canipis, et unam tuni Ccstriae sibi et hsredibus suis ita libere porcioiiem piati, quod vccatur Sceperdeslond, ad giadiuni, sicut ipse Rex totam tenebat Ang- per vij s. et uiium den', vel custodire eves diii Ham ad Coronani. Camd. Brit. tit. Cheshire. Kegis, et si fac'. servicium nihil dabit. Rotdi Blount, 108, Hundrtdorunij vol. i. p. 35. &c. in 809 &c. in that county palatine, the form of conclusion was antiently, against the peace of our lord the earl, his Sword and dignity*. mil Ghorhord was brother of Lady Gundreda, who married Earl Warren. Order. Yitalis, p. 522. SURREY, THE EARLDOM OF. In the 6th year of King Edward L (anno 1278) after the making the statute of Quo Warranto in the parliament held at Gloucester, the King, by his justices, questioning certain of his great subjects by what title they held their lands ; among others, John Earl Warren and Surrey, being called, and demanded by what warrant he held his, shewed them an old sword, and unsheathing it, said, " Behold, my lords, here is my Avarrant ; my ancestors coming into " this land with William the Bastard, did obtain their lands by the " sword, and I am resolved bv the sword to defend them, ajjainst ^' wliomsoever shall endeavour to dispossess me : for that King did " not himself con(|uer the land, and subdue it, but our progenitors *' were sharers and assistants therein j." And good sliarers were they ; for it appears that William the £rst Earl Warren f, was at the time of making the general survey (Domesday) possessed of two hundred lordships in several counties of England, whereof Conisborough in Yorkshire was one, which had twenty-eight towns and hamlets within its soke ^. ^ lie married Gundreda, daughter to tbe Conqueror, and Avas founder of the Abbey of Lewes in Sussex. lie had issue by * Contra paeem domiui comitis Gladium et f Bar. of Engl. vol. i. Blount, 0. dignitates .suas. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Pleas % Blount, y. of the Sword. her, 310 her, William de Warren the second earl, who had issue William de Warren the third earl, and he had issue Isahell de Warren his dauirhter and heir, who married to her second husband Hameline Plantagenet, base son of Geoffrey, Earl of Anjou, and half brother to King Henry II. and by him had issue AVil- liam I'lantaofenet, Earl of Warren and Surrey, father of the above-mentioned John, who shewed the judges by what warrant he held his estate. TUTBLRY, COUNTY OF STAFFORD. Walter Achard, or Agard, claimed to hold by inheritance, the office of escheator and coroner through the whole Honour of Tut- bury in the county of Stafford, and the bailiwick of Leyke ; for which office he could produce no evidences, charter, or other writino-, but only a white hunter's horn, decorated in the middle, and at each end, with silver gilt: to which also was affixed a girdle of line black silk (byssi nigri) adorned with certain buckles of silver, in the midst of which were placed the arms of Edmund i\\X (Crouchback, the first Earl of Lancaster) second son of King Henry HI *. Probably the above-mentioned offices were enjoyed by the family of Ferrers of Tamworth^, by this horn, before they came to the Awards; for Nicholas Agard of Tutbury, who was living A. D. 1509, married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Roger Ferrers, the eleventh son of Sir Thomas Fcrrars of Tam worth. * Pro quo officio nullas evidentias, cartas, argenteis ornatum, in medio quorum posita vel alia scripta proferre possit, nisi tantum cor- sunt insignia Ednuuidi secundi filii Regis Hen- na venatorium album, argento iiiaurato in me- ricii Tertii. M. S. D. St. Lo. Kniveton, fo, dio et utroque fine decoratum ; cui etiam affi- 249. Blount, 2j. gitur cingulum byssi nigri fibulis quibusdam From 311 From Agard, the horn descended by a niarriaoje with the heiress of that family, to the Stanhope's of Elvaston, and was a few years ago purchased of Charles Stanhope of Elvaston, esq. by Mr. Samuel Foxlowe, of Stavely, in Derbyshire, who enjoyed the posts above- mentioned b}- this tenure, and in virtue of his being in possession of the horn. The posts or offices conveyed by the horn, were those of feodary, or bailitf in fee, i. e. hereditary steward of the two royal manors of East and West Leake in jVotlinghanishire, escheator, coroner, and clerk of the market of the Honour of Tutbury, the second of which offices, viz. escheator, is now in a manner ob- solete*. .j:jl| This cannot be admitted, for the first coat is quarterly France and England, with a label of three points charged with fleurs de lis. Now Edmund Crouchback had nothing to do with the arms of France, neither is there any instance of his bearinof them at any time. Besides in the French quarter, the fleurs de lis are stinted to three, which was not done in England till the reign of Henry IV. or about that time. This coat, therefore, is no older than that age, and consequently must be the bearing either of John of Gaunt, at the latter end of his time, or of his son Henry, afterwards King Henry IV. probably of the former, and perhaps may be the sole instance now extant, of his bearing the fleurs de lis so stinted. ^ For the arms of Robert de Ferrers, the last Earl of Derby of that surname, who was attainted of high treason for takino* up arms against King Henry HI. at die batUe of Evesham, in 1265, and to Avhom the Honour of Tutbury belonged before such * Mr. Pegge's Observations on the Horn as a Charter, Archaiol. vol. iii. p. 5, et seqti. passim, ,^ attainder, £12 aUainder, are impaled with the arras of Lancaster. The arms of Ferrers are vaire, or, and gules *. MANSFIELD-WOODHOUSE, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Sir Rohert Pliinipton, knight, was seised of one bovate of land in Mansfield-Woodhouse, in the county of Nottingham, called Wolf-hunt-land, held by the service of winding a horn, and chasing (driving) or frightening the wolves in the forest of Shirewood -j-. PINLEY, COUNTY OF WARWICK. Adam de Oakes was found by inquisition to have died seised of certain tenements in Pinley in the county of Warwick, which he held of the King by the payment of a halfpenny per annum, called warth f X- LIGHTHORN, COUNTY OF WARWICK. Tlie Earl of Warwick is lord of Lighthorn in the county of Warwick, and holds it of the Kuig in capite, &c. The whole town was geldable |]§||, and paid escuage [j] and warth ^, and went to the two great sheriffs turns §. f Warth is the same with ward-penny, that is, money paid ob Castri praesidium, vel excubias agendas, i. e. for guarding of a castle, or for performing the duty of a centinel or watchman there. Blount. See p. 186. * Mr. Pegge's Observations on ihe Horn as |Conies Warwiciest domiiius de Lighthorn a Charier. Archaeol. vol. iii. p. 5, et seqii. in com. Warvvic. et tenet de Rege in capite, passim. &c. Tota villa est Geldabilis et dat scuta- f Escaet. 1 1 Hen. VI. n. 5. Blount, 94. gium et warth, et veuit ad duos magnos tunios Aichaeol. vol. iii. p. 3. viceconiilis. Inquis. 7 Edward I. in Scacc. J Rot. iin, 18 Edw. H. n. 26. Blount, 8. Blount, CO. I1§11 Geldable. 313 ji§|| Geldable. Taxable, liable to pay (a\ or vars. Litt. Tenures, sect. 95, et sequent. KING'S-BROME, COUNTY OF WARWICFv. In the 14th year of King Edward II. Richard de Sandford held one toft and four yard-lands and a half in King's-Brome, in the county of Warwick, of the King in capite, by the service of a pair of tongs to be delivered yearly into the Exchequer, by the hands: of the sheriff of that county *. NORTHAMPTON, THE TOWN OF. William the Conqueror gave to Simon St. Liz, a noble Norman, the town of Northampton, and the whole hundred of Falkely (Fausley,) then valued at forty pounds per annum, to provide shoes for his horses f-. BRIDGNORTH, COUNTY OF SALOP. Ralph de Pitchford behaved himself so valiantly at the Castle of Bridgnorth, upon the revolt of Robert de Belesme, Earl of Shrews- bury, from Kinjr Ilonrv I. thjit the Kinir ij-Jive him Little Brns: near it, to hold bv the service of findino- dry wood for the o*reat chamber of the Castle of Brug (Bridgnorth) against the coming of his sove- reign lord the King '%. HALLINGBURY, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Roofcr, sometime tavlor to our lord the King;, held one carucatc * Escaet. 14 Edw. II. n. S9- Blount, 15. + Jorval, id est, Joh. Brompton. Blount, l6. Camd. Brit. tit. Shropshire. Blount, IG. S S of 314 of land ill Ilallinobury in llie county of Essex, by the serjeanty of paying at the King's Exchequer, one silver needle yearly, on the morrow of St. Michael *. EXMORE, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. Kino- Ilenrv III. e a tradition con- cerning the occasion of the name, that Henry Hf. hunting here, and having run down several deer, sfiared the life of a milk- white hart, which afterwards T. de Linde, a gentleman of this county, and his company, took and killed, at which the King, being higlily incensed, fined them severely, and the very lands they hekl do, to this day, pay into the King's Exchequer annually, a pecuniary acknowledgment by way of fine, called White Hart Silver. Fuller, in his Worthies, says, that he paid his propor- tion X- BUOTHERTON, COUNTY OF YORK. Not far from tlie church of Brothorton in Norfolk, is a place of twenty acres, surrounded by a trench and wall, where, as tradition says, stood tlie liouse in which the Queen of Edward T. was deli- vea-ed of a son (Th®mas Earl of Norfolk). The tenants are still bound to keep it surrounded by a w.nll of stone §. * Dugdale's Monasticon, vol.i. p. 61. chins's Hist, of Dorset, vol. ii. p. 492. Gilpin -f- L)sons's Environs, vol. i. pp. 49, jO. on Forest Scenery, vol. ii. p. 274. X Fuller's Worthies, Dorsetshire, p. 284. § Gough's Caind. edit. 1789, vol. iii. p. Conip. Copyholder, vol. ii. p. 583. Hut- 40". S>YANS- 325 SWAXSCOMBE, COUNTY OF KENT. Many estates in (his county, Surrey', and Essex, are held of the Castle of Rochester by the tenure of Castle Guard; of these the manor of Swanscombe is the principal, the owner of which, as well as the rest, holding their lands of this Castle, had antiently the charge of it comniitted to them, and owed their particular services to the defence of it, called Castle Guard. These services have been long since converted into annual rents of money *. WALLBURY, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Adomar de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, who died 23d January, 1323, held the manor of Walbery, of the King in capite, by the service of one silver needle ( . HATFIELD BROAD OAK, COUNTY OF ESSEX. King Edward VI., in 1547, granted to Sir Richtard Riche, Lord Riche, and his heirs, the manors of Hatfield Bi-addock and Bromshoburv, otherwise Kiiio's-Hatfield ; Hatfield Park ; the Forest, Chace, and Springs of Hatfield, and Hatfield Manor; and a windmill, then worth ^80. 9s. 8d. per ann. clear; to be holden of the King by the service of one knight's iee\. He died 12th June, 1.566, holding of the Queen by the twentienth part of a knights fee, and the yearly rent of £13. 16s. 4d. The manor, park, chace, &c. with the hundreds of Ongar and Har- low, and tlw? wardstaff of the same hundreds, were then valued at £\0\. 15s. 10d.§ * Hasted's Hist, of Kent, vol. ii. p. 15. % Lett- P^'- • Edw. VI. f Morant's Essex, vol. ii. p. 514, cites § In<]L"iS' 19 Eliz. num. 141. Iiiquis. 17 Edw. II. Hence 326 Hence it appears that the service of the warclstaff came as low as Queen EUzabeth's reign. In the valuation of the revenues of the priory in this parisli, v\e find, that there was paid into the Kino-'s hands lis. and to the King's bailiff of the hun- dred of Harlowe, for the wardstaff 3 s. 4d. There was a rate by the name of ward-penny, collected in the hundred from all estates but those particularly excepted. The procession of the vvardstaff, and the land owners under it is entirely lost, unless a copy mio-ht be found in the evidence house in Hatfield church, where are great numbers of writings relating to the monastery and lordship *. As the wardstaff of this hundred (Ongar) and that of Harlow, make a considerable figure in records, it will be proper to insert the following account of it here -j- : Auno-r. Hundr. The order of the gathering and yearly making of the wardstaff of the King there, with the due course and cir- cumstance of the yearly watch, ward, and service royall, inci- dent to the same, that is to say : First. The bailiffe of the said lib'tie or hundred shall gather and yearly make the wardstaffe of some willow bough, growing in Abbasse Rothing Wood, the Sunday next before Hock Mun- day ^, which shall containe in length iii quarters of a yard and Tin inches rounde in compasse or thereabout : and hee shall convey the same ymediately unto the mannor place of Ruckwood- * Morant, vol. ii. p. 503 and note. had a grant of it for his life, in the 34th year f The manuscript whence this was taken, of Henry VIII. &c. Morant, vol. i. pp. 126, is an account of the rents of the hundred in 127, note(p). the time of John Stoner, (of Loughton) who Hall, 327 Hall, ill Abbasse-Rothinj^ afores'd, where the lord of the said manor for the tjme being shall reverenlly the same receive into his house, and shall rowle itt u[)p in a faire fine lynnen cloth or towell, and so lay it upon some pillowe or cushion on a tai)le or cubberd standing in the chiefe or highest place in the hall of the said manor place, there to remaine untill the said bailiiTe shall have relieved and refreshed himself. And when the said bailiffe shall see convenient tjme to dep'te, he shall convey the same staffe by sunne shineing unto Wardhatch-lane, besides Long Barnes in Roothing aforesaid, when and where the said Lord of Ruckwood-Hall, and all and everie other tennant and tennants, land-owners, which by reason of their tenure doe hould their lands likewise by service royall, to watch and warde the said staff there upon convenient summons and warning to be given unto them yearly by the said Lord of Ruckwood-Hall for the time being, with their full ordinarie number of able men, well harnishcd with sufficient weapon, shall attend : whereuppon the Lord of Ruckwood-Hall shall then and there yearly, at his proper costs and charges, have rcadie prepared a great rope, called a barr, with a bell hanoiiiff on the end of the same, which he shall cause to be extended overthwart the said lane, as the custom hath beene, to stay and arrest such people as would pass by. Att the end of which said barr, not far from the said bell, shall be laid down reverently the said stafl'e, upon a pillowe or cushion, on the grounde ; which done, forthwith the said bailiffe shall severally call the names of all the aforesaid tenants, land-owners, who shall present their said ordinarie niunber of men accordingly. Then shall the said bailiffe, in the King our sovcraigne lord's name, straightlie charge and comand them and everie of them, io S28 to watch and keep the ward in due silence, soe that the Kin^ be harmless, and the countrie scapeless, untill the sunne avrising, when good houre shall be for the said Lord of Ruckwood-Hall, to repaire unto the said staflfe, who, in the presence of the whole watch, shall take the same staffe into his hand, and shall make uppon the upper rind of the same with a knife, a score or notch, as a marke or token, declaring their lo^all service done for that year in this behalf And soe shall deliver the said staffe unto the bailiffe, sending it unto the lord or land-owner of the manner of Fiffeild, or unto the tenants resiant, saying this notable narracon of the wardstaffe hereafter written, in the Saxon tongue ; which done, they may hale up the said barr, and depart at their pleasure. THE TALE OF THE WARDSTAFFE. Iche ayed the staffe by lene §:{:§ Yane stoffe iche toke by lene, By lene iche will tellen How the staffe have I got, Yotlie stoffe to me com As he houton for to don, Faire and well iche him underfinst As iche houton for to don. All iche yer on challenged That theareon was for to challenge, Namelicke this and this And all that thear was for to challencre Fayer iche him upp dede As iche houton for to don, All 329 All iclie warnyd to the >vard to cum That thereto houton for to cum. By sunne shining We our roope yeder brouton, A roope celtan as we houton for to don And there waren and wakedon, And the ward so kept That the Kin^ was harmeles And the country scapeless ; And a morn when itt day was. And the sun arisen was, Faier honour waren to us take Als us houton for to don, Fayre on the staiTe we scorden As we houton for to don, Fayre we him senden Ilether we howen for to sende, Andz if their is any man That his witt siggen :|;§ {: can Iche am here ready for to don, Ayens himself iche one Yother mind him on Vender midlyyn feren Als we yer waren. Sir by leave take this staffe This is the tale of the wardstafie, ^ Fortnight after Easter. §1^ Lean signifies tribute. +§| Wiran signifies to blame; so lUitrpsjen to gainsay; U/iteleaj- is impunis. V V The 830 The Munday folloAving, called Hock Munday, the said slaffe shall be presented yearly unto the lord and owner of the mannor of Fiffeild for the time being-, or his resient, who shall ymediately unfold the clothes it is wrapped in, that it may appear by the score made thereon, how the aforesaid Lord of Ruckwood- Hall and other tennants, which by reason of their tenures of their lands, owe suit and service to watch the said staffe at Abbass-llothing aforesaid, have done their watch and service royall accordingly the night before. Then shall he cloth it again, lay it in order, and use it in every degree as the Lord of Uuckwood-IIall hath done, &c. This is called Abbass Rothing Watch. This procession seems to have been a yearly muster of fencible men, who Avere appointed to guard the hundred against mur- thers and robberies, for both which it was liable to pay a fine. If, by preventing these, the King receives no harm, as in the loss of a subject or the felonious breach of his peace, the subject escapes a fine otherwise due for suffering a murtherer or thief to escape. The ceremony began at Abbasse Rothing, as at the extremity of the hundred, went on to Chigwell, the other extreme, and re- turned to High Laver, which was in the neighbourhood of Ruckwood-Hall. At one of these two manor houses we may suppose it deposited, with due regard to royal authority. What we learn from records concernina: the desijrn of this cere- mony of the wardstaffe, is, that it was to represent the King's person, and to keep the King's peace. Some lands were held 331 by the service of finding two men to watch with the wardslafle, of keeping the wardstaffe, and of paying ward silver, and doino- white service at the wardstalfe. To concUide, this wardstafle was to be carried through the towns and Imndreds of Essex, as far as a place called Attowode, near the sea, and be thrown there into the sea. This custom has been lonff neo-lccted *. BABINGWORTIIE, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Margaret Nynge held four acres of pasture, two acres of mea- dow, three acres of wood, in Babingworthe, of our lord the Kino-, by the service of keeping the rod of our lord the King, called the wardstaff, at Bobbingworthe, yearly, when he should come there ; by which same rod the person of our lord the Kino- is represented -f*. KELVEDON, COUNTY OF ESSEX. John Wright held the manor of Kelvedon of Robert Lord Riche, as of the wardstaff, and by die service of finding two men to watch with the aforesaid wardstaff for all services, &c. .|. LAMBOURN, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Reginald Bysmere held the manor of Daweshall, in Lambourn, of the Duke of Buckingham, as of his Castle of On<»ar, by fealty * Morant's Hist, of Essex, vol. i. pp. 126, qiiidem virgam persona diii Regis represen- 127, and notes. tatur. Inquis. 15 Hen. VIII. March 1. t Margaret Nynge tenet 4 acr'. pasture, 2 J Johannes Wriglit ten. nianer'. de Kelvedon acr'. prati, 3 acr'. bosci, in Babingworthe, de de Robto Dlio Rich, ut de la wardstaffe et diio Rege, per servic'. custodiendi virgam diii per servic'. invenicndi duos homines ad vigi- Regis, vocat'. le wardstafle, apud Bobbing- land', cum predicta wardstafle, pro omnibus Mortlic, annuatim, cum ibid, venerit; per quam serviciis, &c. Inquis. G. Jaco. July iG. u u 2 and 332 and the rent of two shillings per annum, called ward silver, and by doing white service to the Lord Duke, at the wardstaff in the hundred of Ongar*. EPPING, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Cecilia Welis held the manor of Maddels, in Epping, &c. of the same duke, by the service of keeping the wardstaff instead of all services -f*. CIIYNGELFORD, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Isabella de Dover, for half the manor of Chyngelford, was bound by the bailiff at Hoke day to bear a certain staff, called the wardstaff, for keeping the peace of the King, which staff ought to be carried through the towns and hundreds of Essex unto a place called Attewede, near the sea, and there to be thrown into the sea.]:. MORE, COUNTY OF SALOP. Nicolas de Mora rendered at the Exchequer two knives, one good and the other a very bad one, for certain land, which he held in capite, in Shropshire §. * Reginald Bjsmere ten', mailer', de Dawes- staft", pro pace Regis servanda, qui bacillus hall, in Lainbourn, de Duce Buck, ut de deferri debet per vill'. et huiidr'. Essex usque Caslro de Ongar, per tid'. et reddit'. 2 s. per locum vocat'. Attewede prope mine, et ibi ann. vocat'. ward silver, ac ad faciend' dCo projici in mare. Rot. Assis. 56 Hen. 111. duci album servic'. ad le wardstaQ'e in hun- rot. 4. Morant's Hist, of Essex, vol. i. pp. died', de Ongar. Iiiquis. 22Hen.Vn. 126, 127, and notes. f Cecilia Welis ten.' mailer', de Maddels, in § Salopsire. Nicolaus de Mora reddit ad Epping, &,c. de eodem Duce per servic'. cus- Scaccarium ij cultellos, unum bonum et alte- todiendi le wardstaffe pro omni servic'. &.c. rum pessimuni, pro quadain terra quani de Inquis. 23 Hen. Vn. Rege tenet in capite in Mora. Mich. Com- :}: Isabella de Dover, pro diniid'. maner'. de mun. 29 Hen. HI. Rot. 1. b. Madox's Hist. Chyngelford, debebat, per ballivum, ad le Escheq. p. 611. Hokeday ferre (juoddam baculuin vocal', ward- A HOUSE 33.1 A HOUSE IN THE STRAND, COUNTY OF 3IIDDLESEX. Walter le Brun, farrier, in the Strand, in ^Middlesex, was to have a piece of ground in the parish of St. Clement, to place a forge there, he rendering yearly six horse shoes for it*. This rent was antiently wont to be paid to the Exchequer every year, for instance, in the first year of King Edward I.-|, when Walter Ma- rescallus paid at the cruceni lapideani ^ six horse shoes, with nails, for a certain building, which he held of the King in capite opposite the stone cross. In the second year of King Edward I. .|, in the fifteenth year of King Edward II. §, and afterwards. It is still ren- dered at the Exchequer to this day, by the mayor and citizens of London, to whom in process of time the said piece of ground was granted ||. % Crucem lapideam. See Renham and Ikenham, p. 109. CASTLE RISING, &c. COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Roger de Montealto (Monhault) held of the King in capite the manors of Castle Rising, Snottesham, and Kemynghall, in the county of Norfolk, and the manor of Ilawardyn, (llawarden) bv the service of beino- Steward of Chester**. * Walterus le Biun, MarescallusdeStianda, ciucis lapideae. Memor. 1 Eclw. I. Rot. 1. a. r. c. de vj. ferris equoriim, pro liabeiida qua- ;J; Mich. Comniuiiia 1 et 2 Edw. I. Rot. 1. b. Ham placea in parochia S. Clemenlis, ad § Ibid. 1.5 Edw. II. Rot. C9. a. fabricani ibidem locaiidam, sicut continelur in || Madox's Hist. Excheq. p. fil 1. originali, in th. liberavit. Et Q. e. Mag. ** Rog. de Montealto lenot de Rege in 3{oL ID Hen. III. I^nd. et Midd. m. 2. b. capite man', de Castlerisinge, Snotleslium, et f Middlesex. Reddilus. Walterus Ma- Kenijngliali, in com. Norfolk, et ten', man. rescallus ad crucem lapideam reddit sex ferra de Hawardjn, perserric'. Senescall.Cestr'. &c. equorum cum clavibus, pro quadam fabiica Inquis. anno 17 Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit, quam de Rege tenet in capite ex opposite Mus. >i'o. 2079, p. 64. STENE 334 STENE AND HYNTON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON. Sir William Sandes, knight, and Margaret his wife, acknow- lcdo;ed to hold in rio-ht of her the said Marg-aret, of the Kincr in capite, the manor of Stene and Ilynton, with the appurtenances, in the county of Northampton, by the service of one rose only, to be paid yearly at the feast of St. John the Baptist, for all services : and they gave to the King one penny, for the price of the said one rose, as it was appraised by the Barons (of the Exchequer) *. KNELTON-OLLEVRTIIIN, &c. COUNTY OF SALOP. Griffin Ic Sutton holds Knelton-ollevrthin, Sutton, and Brockton, of the gift of King Henry, father of our lord King John, by the service of being Latuner f between the English and the Welsh- men -j-. ^ Latuner. The same as Latimer. See note on Whittington, p. 319. FLAMSTED, COUNTY OF HERTFORD. Thomas de Bello-campo (Beauchamp) amongst other things held the manor of Flamsted, in the county of Hertford, of the King in * Willielmiis Sandes, miles, et Margeria ricj VII. Rotulo I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus, uxor eius, &c. cognoverimt se tenere in iure No. 5174, p. 23. jpius Margerie de R. in capite m. de Stcne tGiifiinus de Sulton tenet Knelton-ollevr- et Hynton, cum pertin'. in com. predicto per tliin, Sutton, et Brockton, de dono H. R. servicium unius rose ad festum Nativitat'. Scj pair', diii R. Johannis per servic'. esse La- Johannis Baptiste annuatim solvend'. t'm pro tuner, int'. -Angl. et Wall. Nomina tenen- omnibus servicijs. Et dant Regi unum denar'. tium de doniinicis Regis a tempore Henrici de p'cio dee unius rose sicut per Baron hie Regis II. Ibid. No. 1087, p. 18. appretiatur. Mich. Fin. auno 22 Regis Hen- capite, 335 capite, by the service of keepiii(r the hiohway, called Watling- street, leading from Redborn towards Markeyate *. BURGIIAM, COUNTY OF KENT. William Say (amonost other things) held the manor of Burgham in the county of Kent by barony, and he was to maintain part of the bridge of Rochester, and a certain house (building) in the Castle of Dover, for his barony in Kent-f-. A HOUSE IN LONDON. Robert de Clifford (amongst other things) held a messuage in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the suburbs of London, of the King in free burgage f as the whole city of London is held t- % Burgagium, Burgage. Is a tenure proper to cities and towns, whereby men of cities or boroughs hold their lands or tene- ments of the King, or other lords, for a certain yearly rent. Jacob. HOCKNORTON, or HOKENORTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Henry the Third granted Ilocknorton and Cudlington to John * Thomas de Bello-campo ten', m. de Castro Douorre pro baronia sua de Kane'. Flamsted in com. Hertf. de R. in capite, per Esc. deanno 1 Edvv, I. Had. MS. Brit. Mus. servitium custodiendi altam viam vocat'. Wat- No. 2087, p. 16. ling-stret ducent' a Redboni versus Markeyate. J Robertas de Cliflford ten', ununi messna- Anno secundo Regis Henrici IV. Harl. MS. gium in parochia Sancti Dunstani West, iii Brit. Mus. No. 2037, p. 257. suburbijs London, de R. in liberum burgagium f Willielmus Say ten', m. de Burgliam in prout tota civitas London tenetur. Esc. anno com. Kane', per baroniam, et debet sustinere 18 £d\v. IIL Ibid. p. 105. partem pontis Roft'en'. et quaudam domum in dp S3C de PIcssitis, or Plessy, which were the inheritance of Henry D'Oily, and fell into the King s hands upon the death of Margaret Countess of Warwick, wife of the aforesaid John, as an escheat of the lands of the Normans, to have and to hold till such times as the lands of England and Normandy should be made common*. The antient barony of Ilokenorton now lies dormant in the family of Sir John Doily, of Chiselhampton, county of Oxford, Bart, which family is related to the above-mentioned John de Plessetis, and Ela Countess of Warwick, as appears by their pedigree, in the English Baronets, vol. ii. p. 445 -j-. CASTLE OF ABERGAVENNY, WALES. John Hastings held the Castle of Abergavenny of our lord the King, in capite, by service, homage, ward, and marriage, when it liappened : and if there was war between the King of England and the Prince of Wales, the said John was to keep the country Over- Went at his own charoos, in the best manner he could for his own advantage, and the service of the King, and defence of the realm of England {:, PRESTWICH AND FARLESW ORTH, COUNTY OF LANCASTER. Adam de Prcstwich holds ten oxgangs of land in Prestwich and Farlesworth in capite, of our lord the King in thanage f §. * Camd. Brit. (297, vide Blount, 73. tibus proprijs meliori modo quod poteiit pro •\ Coinp. Cop. 299- commodo suo, et utilitate Regis, et defeiisione % Merch-walliae. Johannes Tlastinges ten'. regni Angliae. Anno 6 Edw. II. Harl. MS. Castrum de Bergcuuenny in Over-Went de R. Brit. Mus. No. 2087, p. 38. iu capite, per ser'. lioniag'. ward, et niaritag. § Adam de Prestwycli tenet 10 bovatas cum acciderit, et si guerra fuerit inter Regem terras in Prestwych et in Farlesworth in capita, Angliai et Principcm Wallia?, ilictus Johannes de dno Ilege in thanag'. Tesla de Nevil. In- deberet cuslodirc patriani de Ourwtnt sump- qiiis. temp. Hen. Hi. Ibid. No. 5172, p. 17. f Thanagium. S37 ^ Thanaglum. A part of the King's lands whereof the governor was called a thane. Littleton's Diet. Law Latin. BOSEH AM, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. ■ William the Conqueror gave the manor of Bosehani to William son of Auo-eri and his heirs in fee-farm, rendering therefore at the Excheciuer yearly, forty-two pounds of silver in solid metal [*] for all service, &c.* [*] Libras arsas et ponderatas. The same as libras arsas et pen- satas. Libra pensa, was a pound of money in weight. It was usual in former days, not only to tell the money, but to weigh it ; for several cities, bishops, and noblemen had their mints and coined money, and often very bad, and therefore, though the pound consisted of twenty shillings they weighed it. Thus in Domesday we read, reddit nunc xxx libras arsas et pensatas. Blount. Libra arsa et pensitata. A pound weight in solid metal. Rennet's Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. SIIENLEY, COUNTY OF HERTFORD. Thomas Pulteney acknowledged that he held the manor of Shenley in the county of Hertford, and the advowson of the church of the same manor of the King by petit serjeanty, viz. by the ser- vice of one pair of gilt spurs to be rendered to the King and his successors at the Exchequer, for all services, and he paid forty- pence for the price of the said spurs f. Tim * Dns Res Willielinus qui venit atl Con- servicio, &c. Tcniir. Com. Sussex, temp, questum Anglic dedit manerium de Boseliam Regis Johannis. Harl. MS. Brit. ^lus. No. Willielmo filio Augeri et heredibus suis ad 313, p. 21. feod'. firmam, reddendo inde Scacc. annuatini f Thomas Pulteney cognovit se tenere m. xlij lib. argenti, arsas et pouderatas, pro omui de Shenley cum pertin'. in com. llertf., et ad- X X voc'. 538 THE COUiNTY OF MIDDLESEX. Fulk de Pajfover held a certain serjeanty in the county of Middlesex, as of the inheritance of Margaret his wife, by the law of England, by the service of keeping the King's palace at West- minster, and the free prison of Fleet *. LEICESTER, THE CITY OF. The city of Leicester, in the time of King Edward, paid yearly to the King thirty pounds by tale (every ore [*] of the value of twenty-pence) and fifteen sextaries |j§|| of honey. When the King marched with his army through the land, twelve burgesses of that borough attended him. If the King went over sea against the enemy, they sent four horses from that borough as far as London, to carry arms or such things as circumstances required f*. [*] Ore. See note on the county of Wilts, p. 265. |1§|1 Sextary. Se€ note on Gloucester, p. 314. TIIORNETON, COUNTY OF BUCKS, John de Chastilon gave to the King two shillings by a certain besant for a relief for the manor of Thornton, in the county of Buckingham, held of the King as of his Honor of St. Walery voc', ecclesie eiusdem in. de R. per parvam * Fulco de Payfover tenuit de haeieditate seriantiam, viz. per servic'. iinius paris cal- Margeriffi uxoris suae per legem Anglije, per cariitn deauratorum Regi et siiccessoribus seriantiam custodiae palacii Regis Westm', suis ad Scaccarium reddeud. pro omnibus «t liberie prisonse de Flete. Esc. anno 4 Edw. servicijs, et dat R. 40 d. de precio vnius paris I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2087, p. calcar'. deaurat'. &c. Hilar. F. anno 34 28. Hen. VII. Rot. 1. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. fTIirosby's Leicest. vol. i. p. 30, from No. 5174, p. 25. Domesday. (Valery,) (Valery,) then being in the liands of the King hy the death of John de Elthani, by the service of rendering one besant f at Michael- mas *. ^ Besant. See note on SmalHes, BURTON, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. Andrew de Sakevill, and Joan his wife, one of the sisters and heirs of John de la Beth, gave to onr lord the King five-pence as the value of one-third part of one ounce of silk, for her relief of the purparty of the said Joan, not yet assigned, on one acre of land with the appurtenances, in Burton near Thynden, Avhich is of the glebe of the advowson of the church of Burton, and which the aforesaid John (de la Beth) held of the King in capite as parcel of the manor of Burton, which said acre of land is held by the service of one ounce of silk-^-. WHITELE, COUNTY OF WARWICK. Philip de Okes, son and heir of William de Okes, gave to our lord the King one halfpenny for his relief of one messuage, and two yard lands, and two acres of meadow, with the appurtenances, * Johannes de Chastilon dat Regl 2 s. no- Beth, dant domino Regi vd. de precio tertie mine ciijusdam besanti pro relevio pro ma- partis uniiis uncie serici pro relevio suo de iierio de Thornton in com. prcdicto, ten', de purparte ipsam .lohannam contingentc de una Kege lit de Honore Sancti VValerici in manu acr'. terr'. cum perlin'. iii Burton juxta Thyn- Regis per mortem Joiiannis de CItham ex- den, q. est gleba advocationis ecclesie de Bur- isten'. per servitium unius besauti ad festum ton, et quani predictus Johannes de Rege ten'. Sancti Mich'is nddend'. De termino Hil. in capite, ut parcell. iriauerij de Burton, q. anno 13 Edw. III. Ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus. quidem acr'. ten', tenetur per servic'. unius ]No. 34, p. 147. uncie serici. De termino Trin. anno 18 Edw. t Andreas de Sakevill et Johanna uxor III. Harl. MS. Brit. Miis. No. 34, p. 150. ejus, una sororum et hcredum Johannis de b X X 2 in S40 in Wliitele, held of tlie King in capite, by the sen ice of paying at tlie Exchequer yearly, at the feast of St. Martin, by the hands of the sheriff of Warnicli, one halfpenny, which is called Warth^, for all services * % Warth. See note on Lighthorn, p. 312. STAFFORD. Ralph de Waymer held of the King in fee and inheritance the Stew or Fish-pond^, without the eastern-gate of the town of Stafford, in this manner, viz. that when the King should please to fish, he was to have the pikes and breams, and the said Ralph and his heirs were to have all the other fishes with the eels coming to the hooks, rendering therefore to the Kiuff half a mark at the feast of St, Michael f-. ^ Vivarium. The Vinariam mentioned in ihe note on Stafford, p. 78, must be corrected by this tenure, I[OTON ROEF, COUNTY OF WEST3IORLAND. Thomas de Redeman holdino- lands and tenements which were William Slornell's, gave to our lord the King three shillings for the relief of the said William, viz. for two messuages, thirty-seven acres of land, four acres of meadow, &c. with the appurtenances, * Pliilippus de Okes, filius et heres Wil- + Radus de Wajmer tenuit de R. in feod. lielnii de Okes, dat dno Regi uuum ob'. pro et hereditate Vivar.' extra portani orieiu' ville relevio suo pro uno niessuagio, duabiis vir- Staff, in huiic modiim, viz. quando placuerit gat', et diiabus acr'. prati cum pertinentijs in R. piscar'. R. habebit iupos aquaticos et brey- Wliitele ten', de Rege in capite, per servicium mas, et idem Radus et hered. sui habebunt reddendi ad Scac'. per annum ad festum onnies alios pisces cum anguiilis ad liamas Saucti Martini, per manus vie'. VVarr*. unum venien'. reddend. inde R. diniid. marc', ad ob'. qui dicitur Warlli, pro omni servitio. De festum Sancti Mich'is. Esc. anno 2 Edw. I. termino Pasche, anno 20 Edw. HI. Rot. L lhi\. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 708, p. 27. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. iGO. in 341 in Iloton Roef, in the county of Westmorland, held of the King; in capite, by fealty, and forty-pence yearly, and ten-pence for the maintenance §{.§ of the King's bailiff in the same county, called Serjeant fee *. §|.§ Putura. Sec note on Lincoln, p. 239. LINCOLN. . , Hamo, son and heir of Robert Sutton, of Lincoln, holds three messuages in the suburbs of Lincoln, in the parish of St. Andrew, of the King in capite, in free burgage, paying to the King yearly three-pence, called lancol-penys, for all services f-. SELFORD, COUNTY OF CxilVIBRIDGE. Agnes de Valencia, who holds the lands of Theobald le Moigne* gave to Dur lord the King twenty shillings for a relief for three hides of land ^ in Selford, held of the King in capite by the serjeanty of being his goldsniith::^: . ^ Hida terrse. See note on Badew, p. 143. * Thomas de Redeman tenens ten', et ten', que fuere \\ illiclmi Stornell, dat dno Regi 3 s. pro relevio ipsius Willielmi, %iz. pro duobus messuagiis, 37 acr'. terr'. 4 acr'. prati, Sec. cum peftinentiis, in Hoton Roef, in com. Westmorl. ten.' de Rege in capite per fidelit'. ct 40d. per annum, et 10 d. pro putura ball. Regis in eodem Com. vocat'. serjanc'. feod. De termino Hil. atino So Edw. III. Hail. IMS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, pp. 214, 215. f Hamo, filius et heres Roberti Sutton de Lincoln, tenet tria messuagia in subiubis Lin- coln, in parocliia Sancti Andree, de Rege in capile, in libero burgagio, redd. Regi per annum 3 d. voc'. lancol-penys, pro omni ser- vitio. De termino Hil. anno 6 Hen. VI. Ilarl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 455. J Agnes de Valencia que ten', terr'. Tlieo- baldi le ^loigne, dat diio Regi xx s. pro re- levio pro tribus liidis terr'. in Selford, ten', de Rege in capite, pei' seijaiKiam aurifabrie. De termino Pasdie, anno 22 Edw. I. Ibid, p 15. HUNTINGDON, S42 HUNTINGDON, COUNTY OF HUNTINGDON. At Huntingdon, the people have a custom of receiving any King of England that passes in progress that way with a great number of ploughs, brought forth in a pedantic or rustic pomp ; and they boast that in former times, they have brought out at once nine score ploughs. When King James the First came to England, the bailiffs of this town presented him with three score and ten team of horses, all traced to handsome new ploughs, to shew their husbandry ; of which, when the King demanded the reason, they told him that it was their antient custom whensoever any King of England passed through their town so to present him, and added further, that they held their lands by that tenure, being the Kino's tenants*. * Universal Library, or complete Summary of Science;^ edit. 1722^, p. 351- CAP. HI. 313 CAP. III. OF LANDS HELD OF SUBJECTS BY SERVICES OF THE NATURE OF GRAND AND PETIT SERJEANTY, &c. SECT. I. Of Lands held of Ecclesiastical Palatines, exercising JRegal Authorifij -within the Kingdojn, hij Sei^vices of the nature of Grand and Petit Serjeanty, ^c. ERESBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. TOHN de Wileghby died seised of the manor of Eresby, with its members, viz. Spilesby, Greby, Ingoldmels, Flyxbiirgh, Tonelby, Friskeny, Biscopthorp, Askeby, Kyrkeby super Bayne, Tatersall, and Thorpe ; all which he held of the bishop of Durham, by the service of one knight's fee, and by the service of being bailiff to that bishop for the time being, of all his lands in the county of Lincoln, of his fee, viz. to hold his courts, and to make summons, attachments, distresses, and whatsoever belonged to the same oflfice, at the own proper costs of himself and his heirs ; and also to levy all the issues and profits arising thereby, by himself or his sufficient deputy, and to be answerable to the bishop and his suc- cessors for the same. Likewise by the service of being steward Xo him and his successors, and to carry the messes of meat to the table upon the day of their consecration, as also at Christmas and Whit- suntide, 344 suntide, by himself or his eldest son, in case he were a knight, or some other fitting knight thereunto deputed by letters patent *. . SOCKBURN, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the eighth year of the pontificate of Walter Shirlawe, bishop of Durham, 1395, Sir John Conyers, knight, died sei>ed in his demesne, as of fee-tail, to him and the heirs male of his body issuing, of the manor of Sockburn, with the appurtenances ; which same manor was held of the lord bishop in capite, by the service of shewing to the lord bishop one fawchon (falchion), which after having been seen by the bishop was to be restored to him, in lieu of all other services -j". This valuable manor of Sockburn (the seat of the antient family of Conyers, in the bishopric of Durhaui) worth £554 a year, was in the year 1771 the estate of Sir Edward Blackett, and is held of the bishop of Durham by the easy service of presenting a falchion to every bishop, upon his first entrance into his diocese, as an emblem of his temporal power .j^. The manor of Sockburne was purchased by the late Sir William Blackett, baronet, of the grand-daughter of the last of the family of Conyers of Sockburne, whose mother Avas married into the family of the Earl of Shrewsbury. The family of Conyers were barons of the palatinate, and lords of Sockburne from the Conquest and before, till the inheritance was so carried, within a century past, by the marriage of the heiress into the family of the Earl of Shrews- bury, as above-mentioned ; and by her daughter was sold amongst other estates to Sir William Blackett §. * Escaet. Roll. 46 Edw. III. n. 78. Dtigd. % Mr. Allan's Notes. Baronage, vol. ii. p. 84. Blount, IS3. ^ Canid. Brit. tji,. Durham, f Inijuis. post mortem J oh. Confers, Chr. §Jij« 345 Sir Edward Blackett now represents the person of Sir John Oon^'ers *, who, as tradition says, in the fiekls of Sockburne, slew, with this falcliion -f-, a monstrous creature, a drao;on, a worm, or flying ser[)ent |:, tliat devoured men, women, and chlUlren. The then owner of Sockburne, as a reward for his bravery, gave him the manor, with its appurtenances, to liold for ever, on condition that he shoukl meet tlic lord bishop of Durham, with this falchion, on his first entrance into his diocese, after his election to that see §. And in confirmation of this tradition, there is painted in a window of Sockburne church, the falchion we just now spoke of; and it is also cut in marble, upon the tomb of the great ancestor of the Conyers's, together with a dog, and the monstrous worm, or ser- pent, lying at liis feet, of his own killing, of which the history of the family gives the above account |]. When the bishop first comes into his diocese, he crosses the river Tees, either at the fordatNesham, or Croft-bridge: where the * Legend gives some other particulars of f '< On the pommel are three lions of Eng- this valiant knight, which Mr. Allan extracted " land, gnardant. Tliese were first borne by from the Catalogue of the Harleian MS. No. " King John, so that this falchion was not 2118, p. 39. " made before that time, nor did the owner " Sir Jn° Con\ers de Sockburn, kn'. whoe " kill the dragon. The black eagle, in a field " slew the monstrous venom'd and poison'd " gold, was the arms of Morkar, Earl of " wiverne, ask, or worine, w"' overthrew and " Northumberland. This, too, might be the " devour'd many people in feight, for the scent " falchion with which the earls were invested, • *' of the poyson was so strong, that noe per- " being girt with tlie sword of the earl- " son was able to abide it, yet, he by the pro- " dom." " vidence of God overthrew it, and lies buried J " The Scots seem to have been intended " at Sockburn, before the Conquest. But " by these dreadful animals ; and the falchion " before he did enterprise, (having but one " bestowed with an estate as a rev\ard for " childe,) he went to tlie church in complete " some useful service performed by a Con- " armour, and offered up his sonne to the " yers against those invaders." " Holy Ghost, Av^^ monument is yet to see, § Mr. Allan's Notes. " and the place where the serpent lay is called || Caiad. Brit. vol. ii. p. 132. « Gray^one." Y Y counties 346 counties of York and Durham divide. At one of wliich places, Sir Edward Blackett, either in person, or by his representative, if the bishop comes by Nesham, rides into the middle of the river Tees, with the antient falchion drawn in his hand, or upon the middle of Croft-bridge ; and then presents the falchion to the bishop, ad- dressing him in the antient form of words. Upon which the bishop takes the falchion into his hands, looks at it, and returns it back again, wishing the lord of the manor his health, and the enjoyment of his estate *• " At Croft-bridge the Bishop used also to be met by the high " sheriff of the county palatine, (who is an officer of his own by pa- " tent, during pleasure,) by the members of the county and city of " Durham and by all the principal gentlemen in the county and ' " neio-hbourhood, to welcome his lordship into his palatinate, who " conducted him to Darlington, where they all dined with him, after " which they proceeded to Durham. Before they reached the city, " they were met by the dean and chapter, with their congratulatory " address ; the bishop and the whole company alighting from their " carriao-es to receive them. When the ceremony of the address, «' and his lordship's answer was finished, the procession moved on " to the city ; here they were met by the corporation, the different " companies with their banners, and a great concourse of people ; " they proceeded immediately to the cathedra!, where the bishop . " was habited upon the tomb of the venerable Bede, in the Galilee, ♦' at the west end of the church, from whence he went in pro- " cession to the great altar, preceded by the whole choir, singing " Te Deum ; after prayers the bishop took the oaths at the altar, * Mr. Allan's Notts. " and *• and was then inthroned in the usual forms, and attended to the *' Castle by the hij^h sheriff and other gentlemen of the county *." BISHOP S-AUKLAND, COUNTY OF DLRIIAM. In the r2(h year of the pontificate of bishop Shirlawe, 1399, Dionisia, widow of John Pollard the elder, died seised of one piece of land, called Ilekes, near the Park of Aukland, which Avas held of the lord bishop in capite, by the service of shewin<»- to the bishop one fawchon, at his first coming to Aukland after his con- secration -f. Tliese lands, now called Pollard's Lands, at Bishop's Aukland, worth above i;200 a year, continue to be held by the same service. Doctor Johnson of Newcastle, met one of the late bishops. Doctor Egerton, in September, 1771, at his first arrival there, and pre- sented a falchion upon his knee, and addressed him in the old form of words, saying, " My lord ! in behalf of myself, as well as of the several other " tenants of Pollard's Lands, I do humbly present your lordship " with this falchion, at your first coming here, wherewith, as the " tradition goeth, Pollard slew of old a great and venomous •' serpent, which did much harm to man and beast : and by the " performance of this service, these lands are holden :|:." N. B. This tenure, and that at Sockburne above-mentioned, are the only two performed at this day in the county §. * Pennant's Tour in Scotland, edit. 1 772, servitium ostcnd. domino episcopo uniim rol. iii. pp. 339, ii40. fawchon, in primo adventu siio apud Aukland t Dionisia, quae fuit uxor Johannis Pol- post consecrac. suain. Inquis. post mortem lard, senior, obit s. in Dom. &c. de una pec. Dionisiae Pollard, Viduaj. terra-, voc. Hekes, juxta Parca de Aukland, ;j: Mr. Allan's Notes, yiae tenetur de domino episcopo in capite, per ^ Ibid. yy2 stanhope, 348 STANHOPE, WOLSINGIIAM and AUKLAND, COUNTY OF DURHAM. Stanhope, together with Wolsingham and Aukland, in the bi- shopric of Durham, were held of the bishop by forest services, besides demesnes and other tenures ; particularly upon his great huntings, the tenants in these parts were bound to set up for him a field-house, or tabernacle, with a chapel, and all manner of rooms and offices, as also to furnish him with dogs and horses, and to carry his provision, and to attend him during his stay, for the supply of all conveniencies ; but now all services of this kind are either let full by disuse, or changed into pecuniary payments *. N. B. A count palatine, who has jura regalia granted to him, may create a tenure in capite, to hold of himself; for by the grant it is in a manner disjoined from the crown, and out of the King;, and he is made a petty King -]-. WEST MORTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the sixth year of the pontificate of Lewis de Beaumont, bi- shop of Durham, 1322, Robert, son of Stephen de West Morton, died seized of one messuage and twenty acres of land in W^est Morton, which were held of the bishop by homage and fealty, and paying to the bishop two shillings and three-pence yearly, and for cornage yearly three-pence, and doing suit to the wapentake court at Sadberg three times a year ]:. * Camd. Brit. English Copjholder, 511. mag- et fidclitat. reddendo eidem episcopo Mr. Allan's Notes. lis. iiid. per ann. et per cornag. per ann. -^ Davis's Reports, 62. 6G. Jild. et facieiido tres sectas ad wapentag. J Robert, fil. Stephi de West Morton obijt Sadberg per ann. Inquis. post mortem Ro- seisitns de uno mess, et nx acr'. terrae iu V\'est berti til. iStephi de V\ est morton. Morton, et tenentur de dno episcopo per ho- In 349 In the 20th year of the pontificate of Thomas Ilalfu Id, bishop of Durham, 1364, Agnes de Morton held of the lord bisliop in capite, one messuage and two acres of land, with tlio ai)pur(enances, in West Morton, by homage and fealty, and by paying to the bishop yearly for Chastelwarde (Castle-guard) three-pence *. TYLMUTir, COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND. In the lOlh year of the pontificate of Lewis Beaumont, bishop of Durham, 132G, William Riddell died seised of the manor of Tylmuth, which he held of the lord bishop, by the service of the moiety of one knight's fee, and by doing suit to the court of Nor- ham, and paying yearly for the guard of the Castle of Norham ^ twenty shillings -f-. C Norham is a town on the banks of the river Tweed, belono-ino* to the bishops of Durham : it was formerly called Ubbanford, and it, and the church, were built by Egfrid, bishop of Lindisfarne, who was a mighty benefactor to that see ; and his successor, Ranulph Flamberd, bishop of Durham, lord treasurer, and chief justice to King William Rufus, erected the Castle of Norham, on the top of a steep rock, and moated it round, for the better security of this part of his diocese against the fi'e- quent incursions of the Scottish moss troopers ^ * Agnes de Morton ten', de diio episcopo nerio de Tylmutli, q'd tenuit Oe diio episcopo in capite, un'. mess, et duas acr'. tcrr'. cum per serv'. medietatis uniiis feodi niil'. et faci- pertin'. in West Morton, per horn, et fid. et endo sectant ad cur', de Noiliam, et reddend, reddendo diio episcopo per ann. per Chaste!- per aim. pro custodia Castri de Norham viguiti wardeind. Inquis. post mortem Agnet'. de solidos. Inquis. post mortem Wiilielmi Rid- Morton. dell. ■^ Willielmus Riddell obijt sebitus de ma- If. Camd. Brit. OXENHALE, 350 OXENHALE, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the fourth year of hishop Bury, 1336, Nicholas de Oxenhale held of the lord bishop in capite, the manor of Oxenhale by ho- mage and fealty, and the service of sixty shillings ; and he was to do three suits to the county court at Durham ^ yearly ; and he was to perform the fourth-part of one drengage [*], to wit, he was to plow four acres, and sow it with the seed of the bishop, and harrow it, and do four days work in autumn, viz. three with all the people of his whole family, except the housewife [f ], and the fourth with one man of any house, except his own house, which was to be quit ; and he was to keep a dog and a horse for a quarter of a year ; and he was to pay tribute [|] when such was imposed in the bishopric *. f Ad com. Dun. This means the county of Durham in opposition to the wapentake of Sadberg, which, notwithstanding the old general grants, was withheld from the chui'ch, till bishop Hugh (Pudsey, Earl of Northumberland), purchased it of King Richard the First, in exchange for other manors in Lincolnshire; hence it is distinctly named with Durham in the title of a county palatine, as a separate wapentake, which formerly compre- hended most of the east side of the county. Camd. Brit. tit. Bishopric of Durham. P. * Nicli. de Oxenhale ten*, de dno episcopo cum tota familia domus excepta husewia, ct ill capita, manei'. de Oxenhale per horn, et qiiartani cum uno homiue de quacunq. domo, fid. et servic'. lx s. et faciet ties sect, ad com. excepta propria domo sua, que quieta eiit ; et Dun. per aim. et faciet quartam partem unius custodiet canem et equum per quartam partem drengagij, scilicet q'd arat (aret) quatuor acras anni, et faciet vevvare qii positum fuerit ia et seminal (seminet) de semine episcopi, et episcopatum. Iiiquis. post mortem Nichi. de herciat (herciet) et faciet quatuor p'cacoes in Oxenhale. autumpno, soil, tresde omnibus liominibus suis. [*] Drengage. 851 [*] Drengage. A dreiigage it seems consisted of sixteen acres, to be ploughed, sown, and harrowed. P. Drenches or drcnges (drengi) were tenants in capite, says an antient MS. Domesday, tit. Lestresc. Roger Pictaviens. Neuton. Fifloen men, who were called drenches, for they held fifteen manors, held the other land of this manor*. They were, says Spelman, a kind of vassals, but not of the lowest order, for all those who are so named in Domesday, were possessed of manors -j-. Such as at the coming in of the Conqueror, being put out of their estates, were afterwards, upon complaint unto him, restored thereunto, for that they being before owners thereof, were neither in aid or counsel against him, of which number was Sharneburne in Norfolk '\. ; and drengage was the tenure by which the drenches held their lands §. [-j ] Ilusewia. The housewife, or mistress of the family. I look upon this to be a certain interpretation, though I have not met with the word elscAvhere. We now say hussey. P. This is a very common word in the north, and not spoken by way of contempt. E. [Xl Veware. A difficult word ; if connected with canem et equum, it probably may be vivarium, a park or warren : but ])erhaps it should be read cutware, as in the article of Rethop (infra), and then it may mean a tribute. Du Fresne, voce Cut. P. TREFFORD, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the third year of bishop Bury, 1335, William Gra held in * Hujus inanerij aliam terrain xv homines cum singuli qui in Doniesd. nominantur sin- quos drenches vocabanl pro xv mauerijs le- gula possiderent maneria. Spelm. uebant. J li lount's Law Diet. tit. Drenches. t £ genere vassallorum non ignobilium, § Ibid. tit. Drengage. capite \ \ Sd2 capite of the lord bishop, the manor of Trefford, with the appur- tenances, by the service of one pair of white gloves f , at the feast of St. Mary Magdalene, (22d July) for all services *. f Cirotecaruni albaruiu. Par albarum cyrothecarum occurs in the register of Darleigh Abbey, penes Ducem Norfolciie. And it is written ceroteca in a MS. of John Tophani, esq. and anno 1290, ciroteca, as here ; and see below tit. Blakeston. P. QUYCHAM, NOW WICKIIAM, COUNTY OF DURHAM. William Heryngton held in capite of the lord bishop (Ford- ham) one acre of land in Quycham, by the service of one rose yeai'ly, at the feast of Pentecost f, if required f-. ^ The delivery of a rose is a common tenure, but to give it at Whitsuntide is early; si petatur (if required) is a common phrase for these small acknowledgments. P. SIIALDFORTir, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the fifth year of the pontificate of bishop Bui'y, 1337, Ma- tilda, the wife of Thomas de Tcsedale, of Tudhowe, was seised of the fourth part of a messuage and ten acres of land, with the appurtejiances, in Shaldforth, and they were held of the lord bishop in capite, rendering four-pence. And the said Matilda, together with her parceners HJH, was to oversee the carriage of a hogshead [*] of wine, once a year, wheresoever the bishop chose * Willielmus Gra ten', in capite de diio -f Willielmus Heiington ten', in capite de episcopo manerium de Trefford, cum perlin'. dno episcopo unum acr'. ter'. in Quycliam per per servic'. uniiis paris cirotecaium albarum servic'. unius rosae per ann. ad fin. Pente- in feslo S. M. Magdalene pro omnibus ser- cost, si petatur. Inquis. post inortem VVil- vitijs. Inquis. post mortem Willielmi Gra, lielmi Herjngton. to 353 to have tliat wine, within the bishopric of Durham : and he was to give evidence with the baihff of the jury, concernino^ the jurors and summoners, and to help the bailiff of the bishop to drive the distresses for the bishop's farm *. (1 ! II Cum parcenarijs. So that, I suppose, she held in coparcenry, her sisters, co-heiresses, holding the other three parts. Vide Greencroft, infra. P. [*] Doleum. A hogshead. See below, sub. tit. Easington, Green- croft, and Urpath. P. EASINGTON, COUNTY OF DURIIA^L In the sixth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1338, John Fayrey died seised of one messuage and thirty acres of land, in Easington, and they were held of the lord bishop in capite, by fealty and the service of three capital suits at the court of Durham, yearly. And he was to drive the distresses [j] with the bailiff of the lord bishop, and to witness the summonses, and to oversee the carriage of one hogshead of wine§i.§, yearly, and to grind at the mill of the lord bishop to the thirteenth sheaf |i§|| -f-. * Matilda, ux. TIio. Tesedale, de Tudliowe, ad fugand'. disti'. pro firnia dni episcopi. In- fuit seisit' de quarta parte unius mess, ct de- quis. post mortem Tho. de Tesedale. ceni acr'. terr'. cum pertiii'. in Shaldfoi th, et f Johannes Favrey ob. seis. de uno mess, tenentur de diio episcopo in capite, red'do iv. ct triginta acr*. terras in Esington, et tencntur denarios. Et eadeni Matild. sinuil cum per- de dlio episcopo in cap', per fid', et servic'. trium cenarijs suis supervidebit cariagium unius dolei sectar.' capital', apud Dun. perann. Etfugabit vini, semel in anno, ubicunq. epus voluerit ha- natnea cum ballivo diii episcopi, et testificabit bereiiludviiium infra epatum Dunelm. Et peri- summonicioues et supervidebit carriagium hebit (perhibebit) testimonium cum ballivo jur. unius dolei vini per ann. et molet ad molend'. dejurat. et suiu.et adjuvabit bailivum episcopi diii episcopi ad tercium decinunu vas.. z z. [-f-j Namea. 354 [f] Namea. More commonly written namia, which signifies dis- tresses, viz. cattle distrained. P. §!-§ Dolei Villi. Sec Shaldforth, above. Fayrey seems to have mar- ried a sister of Matilda, mentioned in this article. P. }|§]| Ad tercium decimum Vas. To the thirteenth sheaf. Du Fresne, voce Vasa Decimse, explaining Yas, by Merges and Garba, torn. vi. col. 1422. See below, sub. tit. Greencroft and Red- worth. P. With submission to the authority of Du Fresne, and of the learned author of this note, is it not probable that " tertium decimum vas" may rather mean the thirteenth dish ? It being the custom for millers to take toll or mulctui*e for grinding corn, by a vessel called a toll dish. And see Ordin. pro Pistor. &c. incerti temp. Iluffliead's Stat vol. i. 18G. E. GREENCROFT, COUNTY OF DURHA3I. Nicholas Roughead held in capite of the lord bishop, the moiety of the town of Greencroft, with the appurtenances, by fealty and the service of two shillings a year, and doing all suits to the court of Durham, yearly, and, with his parceners, carrying or over- seeing the carriage of the third part of a hogshead of wine §||§, yearly : and, with his parceners, repairing or making the third part of the mill and mill dam of Langchester : and he was to grind his corn to the thirteenth dish:J§:j;, at the mill of Lang- chester ; and pay with his parceners, to the chief forester of the lord bishop, yearly, and for assize, two shillings and ten-pence, and 355 and to the same forester with his parceners, yearly, seventeen hens *. Dolei Vini. See Shaldfortli, above. X^X Tertium decimum Vas. See Easington, above. BLAKESTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the sixth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1338, Ralph de Rungeton held of Richard [*], son of Richard of the Park, in Blakeston, three messuages, forty acres of land, and four acres of meadow, by fealty, and the service of two shillings and four-pence, and a pair gloves §f§, and half a pound of cummin seed f. And in the fifth year of the pontificate of Thomas Hatfield, bishop of Durham, 1340, William de Blaykeston held in the town of Blaykeston, the same premises of Roger de Blakeston, by fealty and homage, and the service of paying to the same Roger, yearly, two shillings and four-pence, and one pair of gloves f || j^, and half a pound of cummin seed, yearly ::|:. * Nich'iis Rougheved ten', in capite de duo f Radus de Rungeton tenet Rico fil. Rid episcopo mediet'. viliaede Grencroft, cum per- de Parco de Blakeston, tria mess, xl acr'. tin', per fid. et servic'. duor'. solidor'. per ann. et terra', iiii acr'. p'ti, per fid. et servic'. ii s. iiii d. oes sectas cur. Dun. per ann. et faciendo cum et unius par ciroteearium, et medietat. unius p'cenar'. suis terliam p'tem unius dolei vini libre cumini. Inquis. post mortem RadI de per ann. et faciendo cum p'cenar.' suis terciam Rungeton. p'tem moleudini et stagni de Langcbestre. Et | Willielmus de Blaykeston ten', in villa molet blada sua ad tercium decimum vas ad de Blajkeston tria mess, xl acr'. terrae, et molendin. de Langcliestre. Et reddendo cum iiii acr.' p'ti, de Rogero de Blakeston, per p'cenar'. suis capil'li forestar'. diii episcopi per fid. et hom. et servic'. red'do eid'. Rog'o per anil, et pro ass. iis. xd. et eid. forestar. cum ann. ii s. iiiid. et unum par serotecarum, et p'cenar. suis per ann. xvii galliu, Inquis. post medietat'. unius libre cumini, per ann. luquis. mortem J^ich'i Rougheved, post mortem Willielmi de Blaykeston. z z 2 [*] Tenet 356 [*] Tenet Rico. Tenet de Rico, I suppose. P. § i § Par Cirotecarum. See Treflbrd, p. 352. •jll^' Par Serotecarum. An evident corruption of Cirotecarum or Cerotecarum, i. e. Chirothecarum. See Trefford, p. 352. P. STANHOPE, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the eighth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1340, John Power was seised in his demesne, &c. of one messuage and two acres of hind, with the appurtenances, in Stanhope, which he hekl of the lord bishop in capite, by homage, feahy, and the ser- vice of five shilhngs and sixpence ; and he was to watch ^ with one man for a month, to keep the wild beasts of the bishop in the forest in fawning § i§ time *- In the eighteenth year of the pontificate of Thomas Hatfield, bishop of Durham, 1362, William Colynson held of the lord bishop in capite, &c. two tofts and four acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Stanhope, by fealty, and the service of sixteen pence, yearly: also, he was to find a man to keep the deer:[.-f-J of the said lord bisho[), with the forester, for four weeks in the fence month |1 ;1|, for the quantity of land which he held of William Merley f- * Johannes Power fuit s. in dnico, &.c. de in capite, &c. duo tofta et iiii"' acr'. ten', cum uno mess, et duabus acr'. terr'. cum perlin'. pertin'. in Stanhop, per fid. et servic'. sex- inStauhop, et eaten', dedno episcopo in capite, decim denar'. per ann. Item inveniet unum per horn. fid. et servic'. quiuq'. sol. et sex liorainem ad custodiend. venacionem dicti diii denar'. Et faciei stagia cum uno homine per cpiscopi cum forestar. per iiii"' septi'as tem- unam mens, custod'. feras dni episcopi in fo- pore defensionis pro q'ntitate terra; quam tenet rcsta tempore fonnagij. Inquis. postmortem de W" Merley. Inquis. post mortem W'illiel mi Johanuis Power. Colynson, 18 Hatlield. VVillielmus Colynson ten', de duoepiscopo f Faciet 357 ^ Faclet Stasia. It signifies kcepinj^ stations, consequently Matches. See Du Fresne in voce. P. §-f-§ Fonnao;ij. Fawning, Fr. Faonner. 'Tis more commonly written Fannatio, or Feonatio. See Spelm voce Fanatio. Fawnyson tyme. >Yalsyngliam, p. 18G. P. ifX Venatio. Deer. Hence our word ven'son. P, jltll Tempore defensioms. The fence month in the forest laws. P. Tlie same as the Tenipus Fonnagij, ahove ; or the Mensis vetitus, p. 249, so called because it is the fawning month when the does have fawns, for the preservation whereof they ought to be fenced, i. e defended, both from hurt and disquiet. It con- sists of thirty-one days, and begins on the fifteenth day be- fore Midsummer, and ends fifteen days after. Sec the statute entitled Carta de Foresta, cap. 8. 4 Inst. 313. E. REFHOP, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the eighth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1310, Philip de Refhop was seised in his demesne, &c, of one messuage and thirty-two acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Refhop, by fealty, and the service of five shillings yearly ; and doing cut- ware ^ and common aid ^11§ when it should happen ; and he held them of the lord bishop in capite *. % Cutware. A tribute, D« Fresne, voce Cut P. And see Oxen- hale, p. 350. * Philus de Refhop fuit seis. in diiico, &,c. coiitigerit, tt ea tenen. de dno episcopo in de uiio mess, et xxxii. acr'. terrae cum pertin'. capite. Jiiquis. post mortem Philippi de in Refhop per fid. et servic' v. sol. per ann. Refhop, 8 Bury. «t faciendo Cutware et Co'e Auxiliu'. quod §||§ Commune 358 §||§ Commune Auxilliira. Common Aid. The word aid has divers significations in the law. Sometimes it signifies a subsidy, as in 14 Edw. III. stat. 2. cap. 1. Sometimes a prestation due from tenants to their lords, as towards the relief due to the lord paramount. Glanvii, lib. 9. cap. 8. This the King, or other lords, might of old lay on their tenants, for knighting his eldest son at the age of fifteen years, or marrying his daughter at seven. Register of Writs, fo. 87, a. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Aid. And sometimes it signified a customary duty antiently payable to sheriffs out of certain manors, for the better sup- port of their offices, and this last was called Auxilium \ ice- comitis, the sheriff's aid. Jac. Law Diet. sub. voce. And see Blackstone's Comment, lib. 2. cap. 5. E. MIDRIGG, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the eleventh year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1343, Thomas de Midrigg held of the lord bishop in capite, one mes- suage and twenty acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Midrigg, paying in the Exchequer of Durham §|1§ six shillings a yeai", and doing three suits at the county court of Durham, yearly, and pay- ing one Wodhenne :|:§|. : and he was to mow in autumn at the Grange ||§|| of Midrick, or pay one penny; and to carry the mill- stones of the mill of Kempilmilne, if required f *. §1|§ Scaccario Dun. Scaccario Dunelmensi. Durham being a county * Tlio. de Midrigg ten', de dno episcopo in apud Giigiam de Midrick annuatiin vel dabit capite, iinum mess, et XX acr'.terr'. cuin pertin'. unum den: et ad cariand. molas molendini in Midrigg, red'do in Scaccario Dun. vis. per de Kempilmilne si petatur. Inquis. post mor- ann. et iii sectas ad com. Dun. aiiuatini et teui Thoni^e de Midrigg, 11 Bury, unam Wedhenne, et metebit in autuuipno palatine, palatine, had its own Exchequer. See Pencher, Cotom, West Aukland, and Redworth, infra. P. :^§^ Wedhenne, read Wodhenne, as in Sokyrton, p. 369. This is a very scarce bird now. It occurs not in PennJint's Zoology, and, I believe, is peculiar to these northern parts. P. See Whitaker's Hist, of Manchester, book i. cap. 10. sect. 1. p. 334. E. This I presume to be the wood grouse, the Tetras Vrogallus of Linnaeus. It has lonff been extinct in Eng-land ; indeed it does not seem to have been so frequent there as in Scotland, where it is known by the name of Capercailzie. It may now be said to be found only in Russia, Sweden, and Norway, none having been seen in Scotland for many years. W. j|§[| Grangiam. A house or farm. See Blount's Law Diet, in verbo. In Othello, act i. sc. 1. Brabantia says to Rodorigo, " What tell'st thou me of robbino; ? this is Venice, *' My house is not a Grange." The note on this passage explains Grange to be strictly and properly the farm of a monastery, where the religious re- posited their corn. Grangia, Lat. from Granum. But in Lin- colnshire, and other northern counties, they call every lone house or farm, which stands solitary, a Grange. Chalmer's edit, of Shakspeare. % Si petatur. If required. Mill stones not being to be carried every year. See Whickham, p. 352. DURIIAxM. 860 DURHAM. Ill the tenth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1342, John-o'-the-Orchard held one garden, with buildings and ap- purtenances, in Durham, by the service of finding pot-herbs [*], leeks ^-j §, and other herbs for pottage, at the kitchen j ■j-'j" of the lord bishop, on all his arrivals at the Castle of Durham ; and the constable for the time being was to receive those leeks, pot herbs, and other herbs, for his kitchen, every day in the year : and the aforesaid John, or his heirs, ought to receive of the said lord bishop, with his family, being at Durham, daily, two white loaves mil], two flaggons jit of ale, and two dishes of meat, with one oarment ^, which is called Bedman : and in the same manner he ouo-ht to receive of the constable of the castle for the time beino:, for eight principal days in the year *. [*] Oba. Read Olera. Pot herbs, from this vei*y article, below. P. § j § Porros. Leeks. •J44- Coquina. Kitchen. P. tlllll Panes. Loaves. So at Urpath, p. 369. P. XX Lagenas. Flaggons. It occurs again under Urpath, p. 369. ^ Garmamento. Read Garniamento, for which see Du Fresne. It means Garnishment. P. Garnishment, in leg^al understandino;. * Johannes-o'-the-Orcliard ten', unum gar- diio episcopo ipso, cum familia sua exist, ap. D. din', cum edificijs, et pertin'. suis in Dunelni, cotidie, duos albos panes, duas lagenas cer- per servic'. invcniendi oba, porros, et al. visie, et duo fercula cum uuo garmamento herbas pro potagio, ad coquinam diii episcopi, quod voc. Bedman : et eod. modo debet per- pro omnibus adventibus suis ad caslrum Dun. et cipe de constab. castri, qui pro tempore fuerit, constab. qui pro tempore fuerit porros, olera, et per viii dies principales anni rem. ut s^ In- herbas pro coquina sua omnibus diebus aiii ; et quis. post mortem Johannis-o'-liie-Orche^ard. p'd. Johannes vel her. suus debet pcrcipere de 10 Bury. means 361 means warnlno;, but docs not seem to be applicable to this case. May it not rather mean a garment, used by Beadsmen, Oratores, Precatores ? for which see Skinner's Etvmolooicoii Generale, sub verbo, Beads. E. In the fifth year of the pontificate of l)ishop Hatfield, 1349, John de Wodesende, the day of his death, held of the lord bishop in capite, one burgage [*] witli the appurtenances, in the borough of Durham, by service for Landniale['j ] in the bailiwick of the borouirh of Durham*. "» [*] Unum Burgagium. A tenement held by burgage tenure. See Skinner's Etyniologica Expositio Vocum forensium sub voce. P. and Coke, sup. Littleton, lib. ii. cap. 10. E. [f ] Per servic'. pro Landmal. The pro is here very singular ; as to landmal it seems to mean carrying a male or portmanteau, though our Forensian Glossographers do not acknowledge this word. Qua?re therefore, whether for pro we should not read PORT, i. e. portandi. Vide New Elvet. In the sixth year of the pontificate of John Fordham, bishop of Durham, 1386, Thomas Umframvill held of the lord bishop one curtilage^ near Durham, by the service of finding daily for the kitchen, within the Castle of Durham, pot herbs [*] and leeks [f], and on the arrivals of the bishop, being at the Castle aforesaid, the said Thomas Umframvill and his heirs were to receive daily two * Johannes de Wodesende ten', de diio epis- landmal ballivo. burg. Dunel. Inquis. post copo in capite, die quo ob. unum burgag. mortem Johannis de Wodesende. 5 Hat- cum perlin'. in burgo Duuelm. per servic'. pro field. 3 A loaves 862 loaves [X] and a flaggon of ale [§], and one dish of meat, from the kitchen of the said lord bishop *. ^ Curtilag. This, I presume, is what is in the former article of John-o'-the-Orchard, called Gardinum cum Edificijs, and see Blount's Law Diet, in voce. P. f*] Olera. See above. [•j] Porros. See above. [X] Panes. See above. [§] Lagenara. See above. SCIIURNETON, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the fourth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1348, Iluoh de Tesedale died seised in his demesne, &c. of one acre of meadow, with the appurtenances, in the town of Schurneton, and it was held of the lord bishop in dringage f -j-. ^ Dringagium. See Oxenhale, p. 351. PENCHER, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the fifth year of bishop Hatfield, 1349, Cecily, then late wife of Nicholas de Carlelle, held of the lord bishop in capite, on the day of her death, six score and four acres of land, with the appurte- * Thomas Umframvill ten', de diio episcopo copi. Inquis. post mortem Thomas Um- unum curtilag'. juxta Diinelm, per servic'. franivill. 6 Fordham. inveniend'. cotidie, coquine infra Castrum f Hugh de Tesedale ob'. s'. in dominico. Dun', olera et porros, et in adventibus epis- &c. de una acr'. prati cum pertin'. in villa de copi exist', apud Castrum predictum, idem Schurneton, et tenetur de diio episcopo in drin- Thomas Umframvill et heredes sui habebunt gagio. InquiS. post mortem Hugonis de cotidie duos panes et unam lagenam cervisiae, Tesedale. 4 Hatfield, et unura ferculum de coc^uina dicti diii epis- nances. 3G3 nances, in Pcncher, rcnderlno; yearly at the Exclioqucr of Durham six marks, and finding the lord bishop, for the aforesaid land of Pencher, in the great chace [*] (at the great hunt) one man and two greyhounds *. [*] Magna Chacea. The bishop had many chaces : qutere which was the great or principal one ? P. And in the fifth year of bishop Fordham, 1385, Robert dc Carlele was seised in his demesne, &c. of six score and fourteen ^ acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Pencher, called Bernewelle, which were held of die lord bishop, by fealty, and rendering there- fore to the Exchequer at Durham, at the usual terms, six marks, and finding for the lord bishop, for the said lands, in his great chacCj one man and two greyhounds f-. ^ Only four in the preceding article. P. WEST AUKLAND, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the fifth year of bishop Hatfield, 1349, John Couppman died seised in his demesne, &c. of one messuage and sixty acres of land, w ith the appurtenances, in West Aukland, and they were held in capite of the lord bishop, by fealty, and the service of ten shil- lings, and three suits at the chief county courts at Durham ^.§1; ; and * Cecilia, que fuit uxor Niclioli de Carlelle, nico, &.c. de sexcies viginti et quatuordecini ten', de dHo episcopo in capite, die quae obiit, acr'. ten', cum pertiu'. in Pencher, vocat Ber- sexcies viginti quatuor acr'. terra;, cum pertin'. newelle, que tenentur de diio episcopo per lid', in Pencher, reddendo per ann. Scaccario Dun. et redd', inde Scaccario Dun', ad termiuos sex marcas, et inveniendo dno episcopo, pro usual, sex marc', et inveniendo diio episcopo, terra predicta de Pencher, in magna chacea, pro dicta terr'.in magna chacea sua, uuum ho- unum hominem et duos leporarios. Inquis. minem et duos leporarios. Inquis. post mor- post mortem Ceciliaj de Carlelle. 5 Hatfield. tern Roberti de Carlele. 5 Fordham. •j- Robertus de Carlelle fuit seis'. iu domi- 3 A 2 he 364 he was to plough one half acre of land in the field of the manor of Camden, with his plough, every year*. :^§.]:The word Comitatus alone is used for the county-court in Magna Charta, cap. xxxv, " NuUus Comitatus de cetero teneatur," &c. and in stat. 11 Hen. VII. cap. 15, the words " officers holding " and keeping Counties, occur." So again, stat. 2 and 3 Edw. VI. cap. 25, " use their Counties to be holden every six weeks," &c. E. In the seventeenth year of bishop Hatfield, 1361, William Fissh held of the lord bishop in capite, one messuage, one cottage, and forty acres of land, Avidi the appurtenances, in West Aukland, in dryn- gagef , by the service of five shillings and sixpence to be paid at the Exchequer of Durham, yearly ; and he was to perform three reap days in autumn at the Grange of Coundon, and to pay to the same manor yearly sixpence for Avakresilvr ;|"."*|:, and to carry the timber for the mill, and i-epair the mill dam, and to carry the hay as the other tenants of the same tenure did in the same town f. ^ Dryngagio. See Oxcnhale, p. 351. X*X Averakre silver. I take this to be the same as Avacre below, the virgula over y being there casually omitted. Now, as Aver * Johannes Couppman ob'. s'. in rlomi- cum pertin'. in West Aukland, in dr^-ngagio, nico, &c. de innim mess', et lx acr'. terrae, per servic'. \ s. et vid. ad Scaccarium Dun', cum [)ertin'. in West Aukland, et teii'. in ca- solvend'. per annum ; et trium percariar' in pile de diio episcopo, per fid', et servic'. decern autumpno debit' Grangie de Coundon, et sex sol. et tres sect', ad capital com. Dun. et ara- denar'. de avakresilvr debit' eidem manerio per bit', unam dimid'. acr'. terrae in campo man'. annum, et faciendo in cariacoe me'inij pro mo- de Coundon, cum caruca sua, quolibet anno. lendiuo, et repacoe stagni molendini, ac leva- Inquis. post mortem Johannis Couppman. coe fceni, sicut alij tenentes ejusdem tenurse 5 Hatfield. faciunt in eadem villa. Inquis. post mortem t WillielmusFjssh ten', de diio episcopo in \ViIlieIiDi Fjssh. 17 Hatfield, capite, uii'. mess', un'. cot', et %h acr'. terr', signifies nG5 signifies oats, especially in Yorkshire, some may think it may denote a payment in lieu of oats, and this indeed niio-ht serve to explain aver-silver, but does not seem to suffice or account for the acre, a material part of the word. Therefore, as in the preceding article, we meet with the service of ploughing one half acre of land, perhaps it may mean a payment made in money, viz. sixpence, instead of ploughing an acre of land for sowino- oats. P. In the third year of bishop Fordham, 1383, Robert Fyssh, of West Aukland, died seised in his demesne, &c. of the fourth part of a messuage, and forty acres of land, with the appurtenances, in West Aukland, which were held of the lord bishop in dryngage, by the service of five shillings and sixpence yearly, and three davs work in autumn, at the bishop's manor of Goundou, and he ouoht to pay to the same manor yearly sixpence of auacre silver, and to assist in carrying the timber for the mill, and in repairing the dam of the same, and in making^ the hay of the same manor, as the rest of the tenants of the town of West Aukland did*. f Levac5e foeni. Making, cocking, or carrying the hay. In the eighteenth year of bishop Hatfield, 13C2, Robert Fyssh held of the lord bishop in capite, two tofts, and forty acres of land, with the appurtenances, in West Aukland, by fealty, and paying to the Exchequer at Durham, at the usual terms, yearly, six shillings and * Robertas Fyssh, de West Aukland, ob'. dni episcopi de Couudon, et vid. de auacre seis'. in dominico, &c. de quarta parte unius silv". debit' eidem manerio per annum, et fa- mess', et XL acr'. terr'. cum pertin'. in West ciend.' in cariacoe raanerij sicut ceteri tenentes Aukland, que tenentur de dno episcopo in villse de West Aukland faciuut. Inquis. post diyngagio, per servic'. v s. et v id. per annum, mortem Roberti Fyssh, 3 Fordham. et trium percariar' in autumpno debit' manerio eight- 3CG eiglit-pence, and by mowing the corn of the lord bishop growing at Coundon-Grange every year, by himself, or by another, for three days, and also by making the hay of the lord bishop for two days at West Aukland, every year, by himself or by another*. In the twelfth year of the pontificate of bishop Skirlawe, 1395, Agnes Tomson, of West Aukland, was seised in her demesne of two messuages and forty acres of land, Avith the appurtenances, in West Aukland, which were held of the lord bishop in capite, in dryngage, by the service of ploughing and harrowing one acre of land at Coundon-Grange, and by the service of mowing for six days there, with one man, in autumn, and by the service of making the hay of the lord bishop at West Aukland, and by the service of going on embassies '^ between Tyne and Tees, when forewarned so to do f. ^ Loracoibus. Read legationibus. See Heighington, infra. P. GREAT USEWORTH, COUNTY OF DURHAM. Alice Bediek was seised in her demesne, &c. of two parts of the town of Great Usewordi, with the appurtenances, by the service of * Robertus Fyssh ten', de diio episcopo iu fuit in dominico suo de duobus mess', et XL capite, duo tofta et xt, acr'. ten', ciim peitin'. aci'. ten', cum pertiu'. in West Aukland, que in West Aukland, per fid', et reddendo Scac- tenentur de diio episcopo in capite, in dryng. carlo Dun', ad terminos nsual. annuatim sex per servic'. arandi et lierciandi unam acr'. sol. et VIII denar. el metendo blada diii epis- ter-rae apud Coundon-Grang'. et per servic'. copi crescentia apiid Counden-G range quo- metendi per sex dies ibidem, cum uno homine libet anno, per se vel per alium per tres dies, in autumpno, et per servic'. faciendi fcenum dni ac etiam faciendi focnum dni episcopi pro duos episcopi apud West Aukland, et per servic'. dies apud West Aukland, quolibet anno, per se eundi ia loracoibus inter Tynam et Tesam, vel per alium. Inquis. post mortem Roljerti quando premunitus fuerit. Inquis. post mor- Fyssli. 18 Hatfield. tem Aguetis Tomson, 12 Skirlaw. f Agues Tomson, de West Aukland, seis'. fifty 307 fifty sliillino-s and eight-pence a year, and by the service of three quarters and a halt' of barley malt, called statnialt f yearly ; and by the service of three quarters and a half of oatmeal yearly, called statuiele [*], and by the service of seven quarters of oats, called stathariore [f], yearly ; and the aforesaid two parts of the said town were held in capite of the lord bishop *. ^ Bras ordei vocat' Statmalt. As brasium is malt (see Spelman and Blount in voce,) and other grain as well as barley was malted, malt made of barley is here specified ; but why it should be called statmalt is unknown to me, unless it were for the use of the state, i. e. the public or the court. Vide Du Fresne, voce Status. P. [*] Statniele. See the last note. [i] Avenar' vocat' statharion. I know not whether I read the last word right, but be that as it will, it should be, as I take it, stat- havoine, from the French avoine, oats, quasi state oats. P. LITTLE USEWORTH, COUNTY OF DURHA3I. In the seventeenth year of bishop Hatfield, 1361, Dionisia de Ose- worth died seised in her demesne, &c. of the moiety of the town of Little Useworth, with the appurtenances, and she held it of the lord bishop by fealty, and by the service of finding for the aforesaid * Alicia Bedick fuit seis' in dominico, diniid. farine avernar' per annum, vocat'. stat- &c. de duabiis parlibus villas de Magna Use- niele, et per servic'. septem quarterior' avenar' worth, cum pertin'. per servic'. quinquaginta vocat'. stathariore per annum, et predictas duas &ol. et octo den', per ann. et per servic'. trium partes predicte villcE ten', in capite de dlio quarterior et dimid. bras ordei vocat'. statmalt cpiscopo. Liquis. post mortem Aliciae Bedick. per annum, et per servic'. trium quarter' et 15 Hatfield, bishop bishop one man with a greyhound in his great chace, if sum- uioned §§§ *. §§§ S. muneatur. Read si moneatur, i. e. if she be required or summoned, a phrase of the same nature as si petatur, as ia Whickham, p. 352, and see the tenure of Agnes Tomson in West Aulvland, above. P. COTOM, COUNTY OF DURHA3I. In the seventeenth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1361, Thomas de Graystanes held of the lord bishop three messuages, the moiety of a water mill, five score acres of land, and eight acres of meadow, with the appurtenances, in Cotom, by homage and fealty, and ward and marriage, and the service of paying nine shillings and three-pence, &c. and by paying into the Exchequer of Durham yearly, sixpence halfpenny for wardsilver f , and by pay- ing also half a pound of pepper §*§, and for wodehyre 11§|| a half- penny f. % Wardcsilver. Money paid in lieu of keeping ward at a castle. See Blount's Law Diet, and Spelman's Gloss, voce Ward- penny. P. * Dionisia de Oseworth obit (obijt) seis'. in copo tria mess', medietat'. unius niolendiiu dorniiiico, &c. de medietate villa; de Parva aquatici, (juiuquies viginti acras terr», et octo Oseworth, cum perlin'. €t illain ten', de diio acr'. 'prati, cum pertiu'. in Cotom, per liom'. episcopo per fid', et per servic'. inveniendi pre- ct fid', et wardam et maritagiiim, et servic'. dicto episcopo unum hominem cum lepar. ixs. et iiid. solvend'. 8vc. et reddendo Scac- (lepor.) in magna chacea sua, s. muneatur, &c. caiio Dun', anuuatim sex denarios et ob'. pro Inquis. post mortem Dionisiae de Oseworth. wardesilver, et reddendo eciam dimid. libr. 1 7 Hatfield. piperis, et pro wodehyre ob'. Inquis. post mor- •{■ Thomas de Grajstanes ten', de diio epis- tem Tho, de Graystanes. 17 Hatfield. §*§ Dimid. 309 §*§ Dimid. libr. pip'is. Payment of i)epper was a common tenure ; so in Bcrmeton, trium granorum piperis. P. |1§|| Pro wodehyre ob'. Tliis uncommon word may perhaps mean a payment for wood taken to his use, though it be so small as an halfpenny ; so that in the north it seems to be equivalent to firebote, and haiebote. P. SOKYRTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the seventeenth year of bishop Hatfield, 1361, Margaret, late wife of Robert de Orlyenes, held of the lord bishop in capite, one messuage and fifteen acres of land, with the appurtenances, in So- kyrton, by fealty, and paying towards the repairing of the mill- stones, and the sogges ^ of the lord bishop's mill at Derlinglon j|j|I, yearly, and one hen, called wodhen X*'\. *. ^ Del sogges molendini. The cog-wheels, I imagine ; sogges being either mis-written, or mis-read, for coo-ffes. P. mil Per ann. The sum or quantity of payment, by some means is here omitted. P. 4*1- Wodhen. See note under Midrigg, p. 359. URPATH, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the twentieth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1364, Thomas de Urpath held of the lord bishop in capite, the manor of Urpath, with the appurtenances, (except five Husband Lands ^, in the manor, and a certain assart [*] called the Riding) by homage * Margareta, quae fuit uxor Roberti de Or- larum, et del sogges molendini diii episcopi de lyenes, ten.' de diio episcopo in capite, uniim Derlyngton per annum, etunamgallinani, mess.' et quindecim acras terrse, cum pertin'. voc'. Wodhen. Inquis. post mortem Margaret* in Sokyrton, per fid.' et reddendo repacoi mo- de Orleyenes. 17 Hatfield. 3 B and ^0 and fealty, and by the service of sixty shillings at the Exchequer of the lord bishop at Durham, &c. ; and he was to plough and harrow at Chester (en le street) eight acres of the land of the said bishop, once a year, receiving from the said bishop meat and vic- tuals for the days work [-f] aforesaid : also three days work in autumn, to wit, each of them with twenty-four men, and a fourth day's work with twelve men ; and he was to find them victuals and meat, to wit, for three men one loaf, such as when sixteen loaves were made of two bushels of corn, and one flaggon of ale, with three herrings, and one slice [|.] of cheese through the middle of a cheese, weighing half a stone, for the days work [ f] aforesaid ; also, he was to do other services to the lord bishop in the name of dringage, to feed a dog and a horse of the said lord bishop, and to be there at the great chace (hunting) of the lord bishop, with two greyhounds, and fifteen ropes or strings [§] at the costs of the said lord bishop ; and he was to carry one hogshead of wine once a year, within Tyne and Tees, at the will of the lord bishop, and to do suit to the court at Durham, &c. * % Terr. Husband. Five pieces of land already in tillage, the same as terra culta, below. P, * Thomas de Urpalli ten', de duo episcopo neiii, iinde sexdecim panes eveiiient de duobus in capite, nianer'. de Urpath, cum peitin'. bussell. fri (frumenti), et una lagena cervisie, (except', quinque Terr'. Husband in manerio, cum tribusallec' (alec' vel Iialec'),etunam lecam et quodam asserto, quae vocatur le Kiddyiig) casei per medium unius casei ponder', dlmid. per horn', et iid'. et per servic'. i,x s. ad Scacca- petr'. pro diurnis predictis ; item fac'. alia rium dni episcopi apud Dunelm. &c. et arrabit servicia diio episcopo nomine dringagii, ad (arabit) et hcrciabit apud Cestr'. octo acr'. de pascend'. canem et equum dicti dni episcopi, terr'. dicti dni episcopi una vice per annum, et ibid in magna chacea diii episcopi, cum du- capiendo de dicto dno episcopo cibaria et vie- obus lep'arijs et quindecim cordis ad sumptus tuaiia pro diurno predicto ; item tres preca- dicti dni episcopi; et cariabit unmn doleum coes m autumpno, scilicet, unamquamq. cum vini una vice per annum, infra Tynam et Theis XXIV hominibus, et quurtam precacoem cum pro voiuutate diii episcopi, et faciei sect', cur'. XII hominibus; et invenict eis victualia et Dun'. Inquis. post mortem Tlio. de Urpath. cibaria, videlicet, tribus homiuibug unum pa- GO Hatfield. L*] Asserto. 371 [*] Asserto. More commonly Assarto. It signifies a piece of land converted from wood laud into arable, and in the north, and elsewhere, is commonly called a ridding. See Blount's Law Diet, voce Assart. P. [-j^] Diurno. An acre. Du Fresne in voce. Supposing every acre, we will imagine, to be a day's work. Vide infra in this ar- ticle. P. Farms in the western parts of Yorkshire are now commonly distinguished by so many days Avork, and a day work contains about an acre. E. [J] Lecam casei. A cut or slice of cheese. P. [§] Cordis. Funibus, i. e. chordis, vide Du Fresne, vol. ii. col. 1067. P. WESSYNGTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the twenty-second year of the pontificate of bishop HatfieJd, 13C6, Sir William Wessyngton, knight, held the manor of Wessyng- ton of the lord bishop in capite, by service in the great chace of the lord bishop Avith one leash ^ of greyhounds, at the costs of the lord bishop going to the chace aforesaid ; and if he should take any thing with the said greyhounds going towards the said chace, it was to remain to the use of the bishop ; and in returning at his own proper charge if he took aay thing, it was to be for his own use*. * Willielmus Wessyngton, chiv. tenet ma- dictis' leporar'. eund'. versus dictam chaceam nerium de Wessyngton (de) diio episcopo in remaiieblt ad opus dni episcopi, et redeundo capite, per servic'. in magna chacea diii episcopi sumptibus suis proprijs aliqiiid cepit, ad opus per unum lestc leporar'. sumptibus diii episcopi suum proprium habebit. luquis. post mortem ad chaceam predictam, et si aliquid cepit cum Willielmi Wessington, chiv. 22 Ilatfiehl. 3 B 2 % Leste S72 f Leste. Perhaps we should read leshe, leash, which implies three, it is plainly a plural, as dictis leporarijs follows. P. SMALLIES, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the twenty-second year of bishop Hatfield, 1366, John de Bradley held of the lord bishop in capite, one messuage and thirty-two acres of ploughed land, with the appurtenances, in Smal- lies, near Wolsynoham, and twenly-eight acres of waste land, ac- cording to certain bounds [|], by fealty, and the service of one besant [|.], or two shillings *. [f ] Divisas. Metes or bound-marks. Spelm, in voce. Thoroton Antiq. Nott. p. 268. Matt. Paris, p. 567. P. [j.] Besant. The silver Besant or Bezant, so called from the city of Byzantium, was of the value of two shillings. See Ponthop, p. 284, and Kennett, Gloss, ad Paroch. Antiq. voce Bezantine. In Ponthop it is called Bisancum, niis-read probably for Bisan- tum. P. Besants were of two sorts, the gold and silver Be- sants. These coins are not now known, but Dunstan, Arch- bishop of Canterbury, (who came to the see in the year 959) as it is in the authentical deed, purchased Ilendon, in Mid- dlesex, of Kinjr Edjrar, to Westminster, for 200 Bizantines ; of w1iat value they were was utterly forgotten in the time of King Edward HI. for whereas the Bishop of Norwich was con- demned to pay a Bizantine of gold to the Abbot of St. Ed- mundsbury, for encroaching on his liberty in the time of the * Johannes de BraHlt-y ten', de diio epis- certas divisas, per fid', et servic'. uniiis be- copo in capite, un'. mess, et XXXI 1 acr'. teirte santi, vel diioi'. sol. Inquis. post mortem de terra culla, cum pertin'. iu Smailies, juxta Johaunis de Bradley. 22 Hatfield. Wolsyngham, et xxvm acr'. de vast', per Conqueror, 373 Cojiqucror, no man then livino; could tell how much that was, so that it was referred to the King to rate how much he shouki j)ay, which M'as the more strange, considering that but a hun- dred years before, 200,000 Bezants were exacted by the Soklan for redeeming St. Lewis of France, which were then valued at 100,000 Uvres. Blount's Glossographia voce Bizantine. E. As that transaction about Lewis was in the East, the value of the Bezant might, nevertheless, be unknown in England. The value of the silver Bezant, however, was well known, viz. two shil- Jinffs. P, » IiOTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the twenty-fifdi year of bishop Hatfield, 1369, John Warde, of Hoton, died seised in his demesne, &c. of one messuage and sixty acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Hoton, which were held of the lord bishop in capite, by homage and fealty, in Drin- gage, by six bushels ^ of oats, to be delivered at the manor of Middleham, and three bushels ^ of barley at the aforesaid manor*. ^ Bz. Aven. Bz. Ordei. Bussellos, bushels. The word occurs above in Urpath, and may be found in Spelman's Glossary. P. LOWLYN, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the twenty-fifth year of bishop Hatfield, 13G9, Tliomas de Bey 11 was seised of two messuages and forty acres of land, held * Johannes Warde, de Hoton, ob'. s'. in diingag. per vi bz. aven'. ad man', de Middlc- dominico, Sic. de uno mess, et lx acr'. teir'. ham, et iii bz. ordei ad predictum man'. cum pertiii'. in Hoton, que tenentur de diio Inquis. postmortem Johannis Warde, Cj Hat- episcopo in capite, per bom', et fid', in field. of 374 of the lord bishop in Thjnage §||§, bj the service of twenty shillings a year *. §ll§ Tliynagio. A rare word, which, if it has not respect to the river Tyne, may mean cooperage, tina or tyna, signifying a wooden vessel or cask in Du Fresne ; or it may have reference to Thing, a part, hundred, or division of a county, for which see Spelm. voce Thingus and Thungrcrius, and Trithinga. P, GOSWYCK, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the twenty-fifth year of bishop Hatfield, 13G9, Thomas de Bcyll was seised of two messuages and fifty-six acres of land^ with the appurtenances, in Goswyck, held of the lord bishop in Socage f , and by the service of eight shiUings and ten-pence f. f Socagio. From the French Soc, a plough-share. Socage is a tenure of lands for some small services of husbandry to be performed to the lord, which services are now in general turned into pecuniary payments ; and all tenures by knights service, &c. were by the stat. 12 Car. H. cap. 24, turned into free and common socage. E. In the thirty-sixth year of bishop Hatfield, 1380, Robert Gray, of Cornale, held lands and tenements in Goswyck, of the lord bishop in Dringage, and Sowthfar ||§1|, Biresilver :|'§|, Burdsilver §§§, Oughtrape, and Wamelade ||[1|1 %. * Tho. de Beyll fuit seis. (de) duo mess. episcopo in socagio, et perservic'. vms. x d. etxLacr'. terr'. cum pertin'. in Lowlyn, et Inquis. post mortem Tho. Beyll. 25 Hatfield, tenentur de dno episcopo in Thynagio, per ser- J Robertas Gray, de Cornale, ten', terr'. ■vie'. XX s. per ann. Inquis. post mortem et ten', in Goswyk, que tenentur drio episcopo Tho. Beyll. 25 Hatfield. in Dring. et Sowthfar, Biresilvir, Burdsilver, f Item,f«it seis. (de)n mess. etLV I acr'. terr'. Oughtrape, et Wamelade. Inquis. post mor* cum pertin.' in Goswyck, et tenentur de dno tern Roberti Gray, 56 Hatfield. ||§11 Sowthfar. 375 !]§]! Sowthfar. It occurs not in llie Glossaries, but the sound of the word seems to denote going on messages to the soutli- ward. P. ;J.§| Biresilver. This again is not found in the Glossaries, but if hire be the same as to bear or carry, it may mean money paid to be exempt from carrying for the lord. P. Biresilver, it is easier to imagine, applies to money for cattle using a hire, than to think it refers to bear or carry ; the more so, as it more naturally connects with the explanation of burd silver, being both incurred at the fair or market. W. §§§ Burdsiher. This possibly may be the same as bordhalfpeny, which was money paid for erecting a stall in a fair or market. Spelman. P. And see Blount's Law Diet, in verbo. E. llilll Oughtrape, and Wamelade. I join these two together, because in appearance they are correlatives, ham or home being pro- nounced in the north wom ; thus they may be interpreted mis- chief or injury done abroad and at home. Rape explains itself; and for lada see Du Fresne, voce Ladare. P. In the eighth year of the pontificate of bishop Skirlawe, 1395, Loretta de Butery was seised in her demesne, &c. in twenty acres of demesne land, and in nine husband lands ^ in the town of Goswyck, and they were held of the lord bishop in capite, and paid to him yearly at the four usual terms, by equal portions, twenty shillings and ten-pence halfpenny; and she used to pay plough silver §f§ yearly, but at that time it was not paid, because of the devastation made by the Scotts *. , f Terris. * Loretta de Butery fuit seis'. in doini- dnicalis), et in novem terris husband' in villa nico, &c. in xx acr'. terrae diiicaliu'. (potius de Goswyk, et ea (potius eae) ten', de diio epis- copo 376 f Terris. Closes or fields. See above. And as to Husband, see there also, p. 370. P. §|§ Pluoli silver. Money paid in lieu of ploughing the lord's land: it explains itself. P. PLANS WORTH, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the second year of the pontificate of bishop Fordham, 1382, John de Elvet, of Durham, held of the lord bishop in capite, four messuages and sixty-four acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Plansworth, by fealty, and the service of paying five shillings and four-pence to the Exchequer at Durham, at the four usual terms (yearly), and four hens, at the office of the master forester f , at the feast of St. Martin *. *f Offic. Mag" Forest. At the office of the principal forester. The same, I apprehend, as forestarius capitalis, (Barrington's Ob- servations on the Statutes, p. 38,) who had his court. P. SADBERG, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the third year of bishop Fordham, 1383, R. de Gretham, of Sadberg, held of the lord bishop in capite, two messuages, twenty- six acres of land and a half, with the appurtenances, in Sadberg, eopo in capite, et reddendo ei per ann. ad diio episcopo in capite, iiii mess', sexagiiita quatuor term', usual', per equal', porcoes, im acr'. terr'. cum pertin'. in Plansworth, XX s. X d. et un'. ob'. Et solebat reddere per fid', et servic'. reddend". vs. et mid. per ann. plugh silver, sz. modo diu non red- Scaccaiio Dun', ad quatuor terminos usual', didit causa dislructionis (destructionis) Scot- et quatuor gallin. offic. mag" forest, ad toruni. Inquis. post mortem Lorettae de festum S. Martini. Inquis. post mortem Jo- Buttery. 8 Skirlaw. hannis de Elvet. 2 Fordham. * Johannes de Elvet, de Dunelm'. ten', de 377 by honiafj;e and foalfy, and suit to the county court of Sadberij:J:'i and by keepino; the craol of Sadberg", aloni^ with tlie baron of Gray stock, AVaher Talboys, and others *. + -'■' +.4.+ j j: Sec(. Com. Sadber<^. In West .^Forton, p. 318, it is called the Wapentake of Sadbcrg, but here it is expressly stiled comitatus, or county. This place must not be confounded with Sedhurg, iu Yorkshire, where the famous school is. Vide Camden. P. REDWORTII, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the fourth year of bishopSkirlawe, 1391, John de Redworth died seised in his demesne, &c. of two messuages and twenty-six acres of land and meadow, with the appurtenances, in Redworth, held of the said lord bishop in capite, by homage and fealty, and the service of four shillings and ten-pence a year, to be paid at the Exchequer at Durham, and the rent of one hen and two parts of a hen ^, to be paid at the same Exchequer yearly at Christmas : also every '^*'^ five acres of the said twenty-six were to find one man to work one day at the works of the manor of Midrigg, in autumn, yearly : and the said two messuages and twenty-six acres of land and meadow were to find a servant to mow, make §|§, or cock, anec'. terr'. vocatur Spanesfeld, et alium pec*, qn currit in epatum Dun', et per servic*. terr'. vocatur Spermanland, cum pertin'. in enndi in legal', dni episcopi cum opus fuerit. Wolsyngham, que teneutur de dno episcopo in Inquis. post mortem Willielmi del North. 10 capite, per for', serv'. et serv'. cuslod. pecu'. Skirlaw. diii episcopi ibid, pro XL dies in fawnyson- * Juliana Riall, etWillielraus Riall, alienav', ty me, et pro xl dies in rutyng-tyme. Jnquis. in feodo simplici Johanni Foweler, absque de anno. 12 Skirlaw. lie', domini episcopi, uuum mess., et unum 3 c 2 XIX Fawnyson- 880 l^X FaAvnyson-tjme. See notes under Stanhope, p. 357. mill Rutjng-tynie. The month of September, when the deer couple, and are fierce. E. SECT. II. Of Lands held of temporal Palatines, exercising regal Authority uithin the Kingdom, hij Services of the nature of Grand and Petit Serjeanty, S^c. IIALTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER. Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, created Nigel, or Neale, baron of Halton in Cheshire, constable and marshal of Chester, by con- dition of service to lead the vauntguard of the earl's army, when he should make any expedition into Wales ; so as the said baron should be the foremost in marching into the enemy's country, and the last in comino; back *. BARONS OF CHESHIRE. The Earl of Chester's barons % were antiently bound in time of war with the Welch, to find for every knight's fee, one horse with caparison and furniture, or two Avithout, within the divisions of Cheshire ; and their knights and freeholders were to have corslets and haubergeons 11*||, and defend their own Fees with their own bodies -f. * Chrouicon Ceslriae. Blount, 109. t Camd. Brit, ex antiq. MS. Blount, 23. f The 381 f The first Earl of Chester's barons were, Nigel, baron of Ilalton, constable of Chester ; Robert, baron de Mont-hault, seneschal * or steward of the county of Chester ; William de Malbcdenge, baron of 3Ialbanc ; Richard Vernon, baron of Sipliroke ; Ro- bert Fitz Hugh, baron of Malpas ; Ilanimon de Mascy ; Gilbert Venables, baron of Kindcrton ; and N. baron of Stockport*. 11*11 Ilaubergella, or hambergellus. See pp. 127, 128, 180. BURTON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. John Burdon held four bovats of land in demesne in Burton, in the county of Nottingham, of the Honour ofTickhill, by the ser- vice of findino; one horse and one sack Avhen the constables of Chester marched in Wales in the King's service -{% John Burdon, for his land in Burtoii, awes two suits (to the cmu't of the Honour of Tickhill ;) and in the army in AVales he is to find one horse of the price of five shillings, and one sack and a broch of the price of eight-pence: and when the army shall return, he shall have his horse and his sack, or the price : and he is to make seven feet of the causey '\^\. J. j§| Calcet, Calcetum. A causey. Ainsw. Diet. Law Lat. Pro- bably a road carried over the marshy ground adjoining to Tickhill Castle. E. * Camel. Brit, ex auliq. MS. Blount, 23. et cum exercitus redierit liabebit equum siiuai' t Testa de Nevil. Blount, 94. et saccum, vel pretiura. Et debet tac. septem X Johannes Burden, pro terra in Button, ped. super Calcet. Ex vet. Rot. Feodar. (Burton) debet duas sectas, et in exercitu Honoris de Tickhull, penes F. F. Foljambe. Wallia? debet invenire unum equuni de pretio Avm. vs. et unum saccum, et broch. pretii vind. LOUND 382 LOUND AND CLUiMBER, COUNTY OF NOTTINGIIAiM. Thomas de Heyton, and Elias Filz Uubert, held their lands ia Lund and Clumber, by the same service *. And Adam de Ilayton, and William Fitz Hubert, hold two parts of one carucate of land in Lunde, Clumber, Retford, and Mis- terton, of the Honour of Tickhill, for one horse and one sack, to the constable of Tickhill, when he should go into Wales, and pay no escuage -f-. DORE, COUNTY OF DERBY. Matthew de Haversegge (now called Hathersedge) for his land in Dore did the same service '.\.- TINESLOWE, NOW TINSLEY, COUNTY OF YORK. W illiam de London holds Tinneslowe by serjeanty, and he is to receive a hawk at the feast of St. Michael, and to train and teach it (custodire) the whole winter, and to have for training it, seven- pence halfpenny every day, out of the lord's purse, for his service : and his horses were to be appraised, if they died in the same sei'vice, and the lord was to pay him the price §. * Thomas de Hejton, et Elias filius Hub. Dor. fecit idem servicium. Ex Rot. praedicto. pro terra sua in Lutid et Columb. faceriiit ^ Prsterea VVillielmus de London tenet idem servicium. Ex Rot. prardicto. Tineslowe per serjantiam, et debet recipere f Adam de Ilayton, et VVillielmus filius unum aucipitrem ad festum Sancti Micliaelis, Iluberti, tenent duas partes unius caruc. et custodire ilium per totuni yemeni, et debet terrae in Lunde, Clumber, Retford, et Mis- habere pro custodia quolibet die viid. ob. terton, de Honore de TykhuU, pro uno equo, de bursa domini, pro servicio suo. Et equi €t uno sacco, constab. de Tikhull, quando ibit sui debent appretiari si morlant. in eodem ser- in Wal. et nul. scutag. dant. Ex Rot. prae- vicio, debet ei reddere pro pra?tio. Ex Rot. dicto. praedicto. J Mattheus de Haversegge pro terra sua in William 388 William Wyn(\vortli holds his tenements in Tynneslowe, by the service of training and teaching a hawk (custodionduiu ;) and he was to have every day, for his charge, seven-pence lialfpenny out of the lord's purse *. And Thomas Dennian holds the other moiety in Tynneslowe by the same service j-. LETTEWELLE, COUNTY OF YORK. Thomas de Lettevvelle holds one acre of land in Lettewelle by serjeanty, and he is to receive one brachet ^ at the Nativity of the blessed Mary:i§|, and to keep it tlie whole winter, and to have every day for keeping it three-pence halfpenny. Inquire concern- ing the residue of this serjeanty, because it appears in the book of fees that eight oxgangs of land were held of the Honor of Tickhill, by the same service %. ^ Brachettum. A hound dog probably. See note under Bericote, p. 231. E. J§|: Nati^itatem Beatse Mariae. 8th September. BENTLEY, COUNTY OF YORK. Richard Scrope holds the manor of Bentley, with its members, •* Willielmus Wyntwoithe tenet ten. sua in rccipere iiniim Lracliettum ad Nativitatem Tynneslowe, per servicium custodientl. unum Beatae Maria;, et custodire ilium per totum aucipitrem. Et debet h'ere quolibet die pro yemein, et debet habere quolibet die pro custag. suo viid. ob. de bursa domini. Ex custod. lud. ob. Inqui. de residuo ist. ser- Rot. praedicto. jantice quia in libro feed, patet quod octo bo- ■t" Thomas Denman tenet al. mediet. iu vat. terra tenent. fuer. de Honore priedicto per Tynneslowe, per idem servicium. servicium praedictum. Ex pradicto Kot. % Thomas de Lettewelle tenet unam acram Feodar. Honoris de Tickhill. terrae in Lettewelle, per serjantiam, et debet for 384 for four knlolits fees, and pays yearly, at ow ADWICK-UPON-DERNE, COUNTY OF YORK. William Clarell formerly did fealty, and acknoAvIedged, that he held the manor of Adthewyk, and paid every two years towards keeping the Castle (of Tickhill) each year seven shillings and four- pence ; and every third year eight shillings, and ten shillings to keep a hawkj§|. : and he said that Hugh Curson, every third year, paid fourteen-pence for his tenement in Athewykj-. l[.§|. Osterer. Probably mis-copied for Ostercum, a goshawk. See note under Peckham, p. 2CC. And observe, that Francis F. Foljambe, Esq. is now seised of a rent of four shillings and eight-pence, issuing out of lands at Mexbrough, the adjoining townshi[), every third year, by the name of Hawk-silver. E. * Mauiiesuinus de llersy tenet totam villam wjk et reddendo singulis duob. annis ad cus- de Osberton, de Coniitissa -Augy, perserviciuni todiam castri utroq^ue anno viis. uiid. et quod sit dispen. ejus, et lieres de Allirton quolibet tercio anno viiis. et x s. ad custo-f hafaet terram, et defendit earn per tale ser- diam Osterer. Et dicit quod Hugo Curson vicium. Ex Rot. praedict. quolibet tercio anno sol. xivd. pro ten. suo tWillielmus Clarell quondam fee. fidelit. inAthewjk. Ex Rot. prjedict. et cognovit quod tenebat manerium de Adth- 3 D I rather 380 I rather think this is a term derived from ostiarius, perhaps, in common languao^e, called an osterer, or door-keeper. It is more natural that this should be the allusion, especially as the duty is connected with the keepers of the castle : but it may be a fal- coner. W. Perhaps the same as astringer, for, in Shakspeare's " All's Well that ends Well," act v. sc. 1, there is made to enter on the staoe, " a o-entle astrino-er." A gentle astringer is a gentleman falconer ; the word is derived from ostercus or austercus, a goshawk, and thus, says Cowell in his Law Dictionary, " we usually call a falconer, who keeps that kind of hawk, an austringer." Note. Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare. MEKESBUllGII, now MEXBROUGII, COUNTY OF YORK. The tenants of the land of Roger Bacon [*] did fealty, and acknowledged that they held in Mekesburgh four oxgangs of land, and paid every two years for keeping the Castle (of Tick- hill) in each year, two shillings and four-pence, and the third year the V paid nothing; and they came to the two great Courts [f]*. [*] Quiprc, if this was not the famous fryer, Roger Bacon? for there is a tradition that he was a native of this part of York- shire, and that his brazen head was set up in a field at Roth- well, near Leed^, where the editor was born. E. * Tenentes teriit Rogei i Bacon fecerint us. i v d. et tercio anno nichil leddnnt et fa- Udelit. et cognovef. tjuod tenent in Mekes- cerint duos advenlus ad duos niagn. cur. Ex burgli 11 11 bovftt, terijc et reddunt singulis l\ot. pisedict. duob. annis ad custod. castri utroqne anno [f] Two 387 [-jj Two great courts, i. e. at Easter and Michaelmas. The courts loot for this part of the Honor of Tickliill, continue to be hehl at Moxbroui^h twice a-;year. E. Note. That the before-mentioned manors and lands at Burton Lound, Clumber, Retford, Misterton, Dore, Tinsley, Letvvell, Bentley, Osberton, Adwick, and Me\brough, are all held of the Honor of Tickliill, parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster ; the owners of which duchy, before it was annexed to the crown, were palatines, and had jura regalia. E. WHICHNOR, COUNTY OF STAFFORD *. Sir Philip de Somervile, knight, held the mannor of Whichnour m com. Stafford, of the Eirle of Lancaster, then lord of the Ho- nour of Tutbury, by these memorable services, viz. by two small fees, that is to say, when other tenants pay for releef (of) one whole knight's fee, one hundred shillings ; he the said Sir Philip shall, pay but fifty shillings, and when escuage is assessed througheout the land, or ayde for to make the eledest son of the lord knyght, or for to marry the eldest daughter of the lord, the sayd Sir Philip shal pay bot the moty of it, that other shal paye. Nevertheless the sayd Sir Philip shal fynde, meynteinge, and susteigne one bacon flyke, hanginge in his halle at Wichenore, ready arrayed all tymes of the yere, bott in Lent, to be given to everyche mane or womane mar- ried after the day and yere of their mariage be passed ; and to be given to everyche mane of religion, arch-bishop, prior, or other religious, and to everyche preest, after the year and day of their profession finished, or of their dignity reseyved, in forme following, * This was a translation in Henry tlie VII's III d's tyme, and printed in Bar. Angl. Part II. lyme, from a roll in French of Ed\\ard the fo. 106. 3 D 2 "whensoever 388 whensoever that ony such before named wylle come for to enquire for the baconne in their owne person, or by any other for them, they shall come to the baylilf or to the porter of the lordship of Whiche- nour, and shall say to them, in the manere as ensewethe : " Baylife or Porter I doo you to knowe, that I am come for my- " self" (or if he come for any other shewing for whome) " to " demand one bacon flyke, hanging- in the halle of the lord .of " Whichcnour, after the forme thereunto belonginge/' After M'hich relation, the bailiff or porter shal assigne a day to him, upon [)romise by his feythe to returne, and with him to bring tweyne of his neighbours, and in the meyn time the said bailif shal take with him tweyne of the freeholders of the lordship of Whichenoure, and they three shal goe to the mannour of Rudlowe, belonging to Robert Knyghtleye, and there shal somon the foresaid Knyghtley, or his bayliffe, commanding hym to be ready at Whichc- nour the day appointed at prymef of the day, with his carriage, that is to say, a horse and a sadyle, a sakke and a pryke |.§.|., for to convey and carry the said baconne and corne a journey |1*|| owt of the countee of Stafford at his coslages ; and then the sayd bailiffe shal, with the said freeholders, somon all the tenaunts of the said manoir to be ready at the day appoynted at Whichenour, for to ye services to the Baconne shal be ready at the gatte of the manoir of Whichenour, frome the sonne risino-e to none, attendyng and aw ay ting for the corny ng of hym that fetchelh the Baconne ; and when he is comyn, there shall be delivered to hym and his fellowys chapeletts, and to all those whiche shal be there, to doe their services deue to the baconne ; and they shall lede the seid demandant wythe tromps and tabourSj and 389 ami olhor niannor of mynstralscye to the Hall Dorc, where he shal fyndc die lord of Whichenour or his steward redy to deliver the baconne in this nianere. f Pryme of the day. At dawn. A. .|.§:|: Pryke. See note under Kinwaldniersh, p. 132. li^ll Journey, i. e. A day's journey ; journee, French, from jour, a day. A. He shall enquere of hym which deniandeth the baconne, if he have brought tweyne of his neghbours Avith hym, which must answere, " They be here redy :" and then the steward shall cause theis two neighbours to swere, yf the seid demandant be a weddyt man, or have be a man weddyt; and, yf syth his marryage one yere and a day be passed : and if he be a freeman or villeyn. And if his seid neghbours make olhe that he hath for hym all theis three poynts rehersed, then shall the baconne be take downe and broght to the halle dore, and shal there be layd upon one half a quarter of wheatte and upon one other of rye. And he that demandeth the baconne shal kneel upon his knee, and shall hold his right hande upon a booke, which booke shall be layd above the baconne and the come, and shal make oath in this manere : " Here ye. Sir Philip dc Somervyle, lord of Whichenour, mayn- " tayner and giver of this baconne, that I A. syth I wedded B. " my wife, and syth I had her in my kepyng and at my wylle, by *' a yere and a d.aye after our marryage, I wold not have '.' «haunged for none other, farer ne fowler, richer ne powrer, ne " for none other descended of gretter lynage, slepyng ne wak- " ing, at noo tyme. And if the seid B. were sole and 1 sole, I " wolde S90 •' wolcle take her to be my wife before all the wymen of the " worlde, of what coudjtions soevere they be, good or evyle, as " helpe me God and his seyntys, and this flesh, and all fleshes." And his neiglibours shall make oath that they trust verily he hath said tndy : and yf it be founde by his neighbours before- named, that he be a freeman, there shall be delyvered to him half a quarter of wheatte and a cheese : and yf he be a villein, he shall have half a quarter of rye withoutte cheese, and then shal Knyghtley, the lord of Rudlowe, be called for to carry all theis thynges to fore rehersed : and the said corne shal be layd upon one horse, and the baconne above yt, and he to whome the baconne apperteigneth shal ascend upon his horse, and shal take the cheese before hym, if he have a horse, and yf he have none, the lord of Whichenour shall cause him to have one horse and sadyl, to such tyme as he be passed his lordshippe ; and soe shall they departe the manoyr of Whichenour with the corne and the baconne to fore liim that hath wonne ytt with trompels, tabourets, and other manoir of mynstralce. And all the free tenants of Whichenour shal conduct him to be passed the lordship of AA hichenour, and then shall all they retorne, except hym to whom apperteigneth to make the carriage and journy withoutt the countye of Stafford, at the costys of his lord of Whichenour. And yf the seid Robert Knyghtley doe not cause the baconne and corne to be conveyed as is rehersed, the lord of Whichenour shal do it to be carried, and shall distreigne the said Robert Knyghllcy for his default, for one hundred shillings in his manoir of Rudlow, and shale kepe the distresse so takyn, irreplevis- able *. » Blount, 95. BRIDSHALL, 391 BRIDSIIALL, COUNTY OF STAFFORD. Moreover the sayd Sir Philippe holdelh of his lord the erle, the nianoir of Briddeshallc by fheis services, that att such tynie tlial hys sayd lord holdeth his Chrystemes at Tuttebiiry, the sayd Sii* Philippe shall come to Tuttebiiry upon Chrystemes evyn, and shall be lodged yn the town of Tuttebury, by the marshall of the eriy's house, and upon Chrystemas day, he hyniself, or some other, knyght, his deputye, shal goe to the dressour, and shall sevve^ his lordy's niesse, and then shal he kerveHH the same mett to his sayd lord, and this service shall he doe as well at souper as at dynner, and when his lord hath etyn, the said Sir Philippe shal sit downe in the same place their his lord satt, and shall be served at his table ])y the steward of the eriy's house. And upon Seynt Stevyn day when he haidi dyned he shal take leve of his lorde and shal kisse him ; and for his service he shal nothino- take, ne nothino: shall gyve. And all theis services to fore rehersed, the sayd Sir Philippe hath doo by the space of xlviii years, and hys ancestors before hym, to his lordys, erles of Lancasfre*. ^ Sewe. Place his lord's mess upon the table. !]|1 Kerve. Carve. TATEXHULL and DRYCOT, COUNTY OF STAFFORD. Item, the sayd Sir Phelippe holdeth of his seid lorde the erle, bis manoirs of Tatenhull and Drycotte, en parceneyre by theis services, that the seid Sir Phelippe, or his atturneye for hym, shal come to the Castle of Tuttebury upon Seynt Petyr day in August, which is call Lammesse, and shall shew the steward or recever * Blount, 100. that 392 that he is come thilher to hunt and catch his lord's greese|§|, at the costages of his lord. AVhereupon the steward or the recever shal cause a horse and sadyl to be deliveryd to the sayd Sir Phe- lippe, the price fifty shillings, or fifty shillings in niony, and one hound, and shall pay to the seid Sir Phelippe, everyche day, fro the seid day of Seynt Petyr to Holye-rood day || f j], for hyniself two shillings sixpence a day, and everyche day for his servant and his bercelett[*] duryng the seid tyme, twelve-pence. And all the wood masters of the foreste of Nedewode and Duffelde, with all the parkers and foresters, shal be commanded to a^atte and attend upon the seid Sir Phelippe Avhile theyr lordy's greese .|§:[: be takyn, in all places of the sayd forystes, as upon theyr master tluringe the sayd tyme. And the sayd Sir Phelippe, or his atturney, shall deliver to the sayd parkers or foresters that which shal belonge to their lordy's lardere, commanding them to convey itt to the erly's lar- dynerf abiding at Tuttebury, and with the remanant the seid Sir Phelippe shall do his plesoure. And upon Holye-rood day \\-i(\\ the sayd Sir Phelippe shall returne to the Castle of Tuttebury, upon the sayd horse with his bercelett [*], and shal dyne with the steward or receyver ; and after dynner he shall deliver the horse, sadyle, and bercelett [*] to the steward or receyveour, and shal kisse the porter and depart*. X%X Greese. Wild swine. Blount. See Skinner's Etymologicon Generale, verbo. Grice. Porcellus. From the French, gris, grey. E. See p. 189. The common people in Scotland call swine grice at this day. W. ^f 11 Holye-rood day. 14th September. * Blount, 101. [*] Bercelett. 393 [*] Bcrcelett. A hound. Blount. Quscre, if not a shepherd's cur, from the Norm. Fr. bcrcil, a sheepfohl. See Kelhaiu's Norm. Fr. Diet. E. See under Stanhovv, p. 232. ^ Lardiner. The officer who presided over the larder. SECT. III. Of Lands held of Ecclesiastical Lojxls by Services of the nature of Grand and Petit Seijeanty, ^^c. LANGWATH. On the 13th of the calends of January, (20lh December), 1279, the Chapter of Saint Peter of York, granted to farm to I. S. all their hay §,|.§ of Langvvath, with the soil of the same hay, heath, marsh, and all other the appurtenances, rendering therefore yearly to them, in the buck season f, one buck, and, in the doe season^, one doe, «&c. * §|§ Hay. See notes under Chesterton and Teynton, p. 212. ^ Tempus pinguidinis et tempus firmationis. Buck season and doe season. The former word, pinguedinis, from pinguis, fat, being the season when bucks Avere fattest, and the latter, * Universis, &c. Capitulum Beati Petri tempore pinguedinis, unum damum, et fer- Ebor. concessisse ad tirmam J. S. totam misonae tempore unam damam, &c. dat. xui. hayam nostram de Langwath, cum solo ejus- calend. Januar. anno mcclxxix. Ex ipso dem haya, bruera, marisco, et omnibus aliis autograplio. Blount^ 17, pertineiitiis, reddendo inde annuatim nobis, 3 E firmisionee 394 firniisionae tenipus, the venison season in winter, or doe sea-i son. See Ainsw. Diet, of Law Lat. and Mr. Pep-oe's Disserta. tion on the word Ferniesoun. Blonnl's Law Diet. tit. Tempus Pinguedinis et Firmationis, &c. SLAPTON, COUNTY OF DEVON. Hugh Courtenay, esq. son and heir of Sir Hugh Courtenay, knight, held tlie manor of Shiplon, in the county of Devon, of the bishop of Exeter, by the service of being steward at the installation feast of every bishop of that see. The particulars whereof were, after some controversy, thus ascertained by Walter Stapledon •fX'\'t then bishop of Exeter, and his dean and chapter, under their seals, at Newton-Ply mpton, the morrow after the feast of St. Thomas the Apostle, anno dom. 1308, 2 Edw. I J. That the said Hugh, or his heirs, shall, at the first coming of the bishop to Exeter, meet him at the east gate of the city, when he descendeth from his horse, and then, going a little before him on the right hand, shall keep off the press of the people, and attend him into the choir of the cathedral church, there to be installed : and shall, at the installing feast, serve in the first mess at the bishop's own table. In consideration of which service, the said Hugh Courtenay and liis heirs shall have, for their fee, four silver dishes of those which he shall so place at the first mess, four salt-sellers, one cup, Avhcrein the bishop shall drink at that meal, one wine-pot, one spoon, and two basons, wherein the bishop shall then wash ; all which vessels are to be of silver : provided the said Hugh, or his heirs, being of full age, do attend this service in person, if not hindered by sick- ness, 895 ness, or the Kincr's writ, &c. then to appohit some worsliipful knijjht to supply the place by a deputation, ^vho shall swear that his lord is sick, &c. * •f'lf He came to the sec in 1307, was Lord Treasurer, and founder of Exeter College, Oxford. CORINGHAM, COUNTY OF ESSEX. In the third year of King Edward I., 1275, Sir William le Baud, knight, made a signal grant to the dean and canons of St. Paul's, London, of a doe yearly, on the feast of the Conversion of St. Paul, and of a fat buck upon the commemoration of the same saint, to be offered at the high altar in St. Paul's, by the said vSir William, and his household family, and then to be distributed among the canons resident; which said doe and buck were so given by him, in lieu of twenty-two acres of land, lying within the lordship of West- Lee, in the county of Essex, belonging to the said canons, and by them granted to him and his heirs, to be inclosed within his park of Coi'ingham. But, about the certain time and formality in offerino* the said buck and doe, there growing afterwards some dispute. Sir Walter le Baud, knight, son and heir of the said Sir William, by his deed, dated on the ides (I5th) of July, 30 Edw. I., 1302, for the health of his soul, and of his progenitors and heirs, confirmed his said father's grant, and obliged himself and his heirs, his lands and tenements, that every year for ever, on the day of the Conver- sion of St. Paul, there should be a good fat doe, brought by one of his fitting servants, and not the whole family, at the hour of pro- cession, and through the midst thereof, and offered at the high al- Antiq. of Exeter. Blouiit, 34. i.( 3 E 2 tar. S9G tar, without exacting any thing for the said service of the dean and canons. And on the day of the Commemoration of 8t. Paul, in summer, (29th June) a fat buck, by some such servant, attended with as many of the family as had heretofore been usual, and so carried through the midst of the procession, and offered at the high altar; the said dean and canons, after the offering thus performed, giving, by the hands of their chamberlain, one shilling to the persons brin2:ino- the buck for their entertainment. And to this o-rant were witnesses. Sir Nicholas de Wokyndon, Sir Richard de la Rokele, Sir Thomas de Mandevyle, Sir John de Rocheford, knights, with divers others*. The reception of which doe and buck was, till Queen Elizabeth's days, solemnly performed, at the steps of the choir, by the canons of St. Paul's, attired in their sacred vestments, and wearing gar- lands of flowers on their heads ; and the horns of the buck carried on the top of a spear in procession, round about, within the body of the church, with a great noise of horn-blowers, as the learned Camden, upon his own view of both, affirms 'j\ DUNELSSIIE AND TYLEY, COUNTY OF DORSET. The jurors said, that Alured de Lincoln held a certain parcel of the park of Dunelsshe and Tyley of the abbot of Cerne, by the ser- vice of holding his stirrup <[f when the abbot was to mount his horse X' * Dugdale's Hist, of St. Paul's. Blount, seivitium tenendi stropem suum quando abbas 105. debet asceiulere equuni suum. Jnquis. anno f Camden in Middlesex. Blount, lOH. 48 Hen. III. No. 19. Dorset, postmortem J Jiuatores dicunt qiiod Aluredus de Lin- Aluredi de Lincoln. Communicated by Tlios. coin tenuit quandum perticulam parci de Astle, Esq. Dunelsshe et Tyley de abbate de Cerne, per f Stropem. 397 ^ Stropem. Stirrup. See Esscby, p. 78. From tlic Norm. Fr, Strepo. This Alured de Lincoln is mentioned in Dugdule's: Baronage, vol. ii. pp. 412, 413. WHORLTON, COUxNTY OF YORK. Nicholas de Menyll held the manor of Whorlton, &c, of the Arch- bishop of Canterbury, by serving the said archbisho|), on the day of his consecration, with the cup out of which the archbishop was to drink that day *. ULPIIUSS LANDS, COUNTY OF YORK About the time of King Canute the Dane, Uiph, the son of Tho- rold, a prince of that nation, governed in the western pari of Dcira, that division of the ancient kincrdom of Northumbria which was bounded by the river Ilumber southwards, and to the north by the Tyne, which continued so distinguished under the Danes, but is now better known by the name of Yorkshire, and the five other northern counties of England. " This prince, by reason of a dif- *' ference like to happen between his eldest son and his youngest, " about his estate after his death, presently took this course to make " them equal: without delay he went to York, and taking with hiin " the horn, wherein he was wont to drink, he filled it with wine, " and kneeling upon his knees before the altar, bestowed uponGod " and the blessed St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles, all his lands " and revenues j." The figure of wbich horn, in memory thereof, * Nicholaus de Menyll tenuit manerium de Coupa, qua idem ardiiepiscopus bibere de Whoilton, 8cc. de archiepiscopo Cantii- debet eodem die. Esciiet. l6 Edvv. HI. aiiensi servieiite (serviens vel servieiido. A.) No. .'57. Blount, 121. dictum arcliiepiscopum, die consecrationis sua; f Camd. lirit. tit. Yorkshire, West Riding. is 398 is cut in stone upon sereral parts of the cliolr, but the horn itself, about King Edward VI. 's time, is supposed to have been sold to a goldsmith, who took away from it those tippings of gold wherewith it was adorned, and the gold chain affixed thereto : it is certain that it was remaining among many other ornaments, and preserved in the Sacristy at York, in the time of King Henry Vill., some time be- fore the Reformation : where it lay from the time of King Ed- ward VI. till it fortunately came into the hands of Thomas Lord Fairfax, general of the parliament army, there is no account ; but he being a lover of antiquities, took care to preserve it during the confusions of the civil wars: and dying in 1071, it came into the possession of his next relation, Henry Lord Fairfax, who restored it again to its first repository, where it now remains a noble mo- nument of modern as well as ancient piety. As to its present condition, its beauty is not the least impaired by ao-p, it being of ivory (of an eight-square form): the carving is very durable, and it is ornamented in the circumference, at the larger extremity, with the figures of two griffins, a lion, unicorn, dogs, and trees interspersed in bas relief, and where the plates are jixed, with a foliage after the taste of those times. Lord Fairfax supplied the want of the plates, which anciently embellished this horn, honoured in all probability with the name of the donor, (the loss of \\hich original inscription can only be lamented, not relrieved) and substituted the present one, with the chain of silver gilt : CORUV 309 CORNV HOC VLPHVS, IN DCCIDENTALT PARTE DEIRAE PRINCEPS, \NA CVM OMNIBVS TERRIS ET REDDlTIliVS SVIS, OLIM DONAVIT: AMISSVM VEL ABREPTVM, HENRICVS D' FAIRFAX DEMVM RESTITVIT DEC. ET CAP. DE NOVO ORNAVIT. AN. DOM. 167 o*. IN ENGLISH : tJlphus, Prince of the Western Part of Deira, formerly gave this Horn, together with all his Lands and Rents : Being lost or taken away, Ilenry Lord Fairfiix at lengtii restored it to the Dean and Chapter, newly ornamented, A. D. 1G15. CORNSOW, COUNTY OF DURHAM. • In the seventh year of the pontificate of Thomas Hatfield, bishop of Durham, 1351, William-o'-the-Rawe held in Cornsow, of the Chantery of Saint Mary of Langchester, eight acres of land, with the appurtenances, I'endering yearly to the same Chantry one pound of wax |1§|| f. |i§|I Unam Libram Cere, i. e. Cerse ; wax for lights in churches, &c. being in great request in Popish times. So in the next article a person is to maintain a lamp in a church. P. WHICKHAM, COUx\TY OF DURHAM. Ralph Clerk held in capitc, of the church of Saint Mary, in Quicham, one acre of meadow, with the appurtenances, in * Arcliaeologia, vol. i. p. 168, et seq. ami. eid'. Cantariae unam libram cere. Inquis. f VVillielnius-o'-the-Ra\ve tenet in Corn- post mortem Willielmi-o'-the-Ra\ve. 7 Hat- sow, de Cantaria Beatae Maii* de Langcest.' field. VIII acras lerrae, cum pertin'. reddendo per Quicham, 400 Qiiicham, to find one lamp burning^ in the church aforesaid eveiy clay *. % Lampadem ardentem. A lamp burning. See the foregoing ar- ticle. P. TUNBRIDGE, COUNTY OF KENT. In the reign of Henrj III. an accord was made, by which it was agreed, that the Earls of Clare and Gloucester should hold Tun- bridge and its lowy f, by the grand serjeanty of being chief butlers and high stewards at the instalment of the metropolitans, and grant them wardship of their children. Whenever one of them attended upon the solemnity of enthronization, he was to receive, for the service of steward, seven robes of scarlet, thirty gallons of wine, iifty pounds of wax for the use of his own lights on the feast, the livery of hay and corn for eighty horses for two nights, and the dishes and salts which should be placed before the prelate at the first course of the feast ; and when the nobleman should take his leave, entertainment for three days, at the expence of the archbishop and his successors, at their nearest manors by the four quarters of Kent, wheresoever the peer should make his election, so that he did not go thither with more than fifty horses : and when the castle went into the hands of the Stafibrd family, we find that these ser- vices were retained : but instead of provisions, it was, in the four- teenth century, both to the De Clares and the Staffords, com- * Radus Clerk ten', in capite de ecclesia -j- The term is derived from the Norman Beatae Marias inQuicham,unam acra prati, cum French, and signifies an exempt jurisdiction pertin'. in Quicham, ad inveniend'. unum lam- round the castle, chief mansion, or religious padem ardentem in ecclesia predicta singulis house, to which it appertained, diebus. Inquis. post mortem Radl Ckrk. 7 Hatfield, pounded 401 pounded for a sum of money, o^encrally two liundred marks, and (ho silver gilt cup with which the earl should serve before the arch- bishop. So late as the rei<:;u of Henry Vllf., we find Edward Duke of Buckino-ham executing in person the office of steward at the enthronizatiou of archbishoj) Warhani, and the butlership by his deputy, Sir Thomas Bourchier*. In an account roll of the archbishops for this manor, in Henry III.'s time, there is this word, work-gavel, which signifies rent-work, which was of two sorts, the one personal, by the tenant's person, called manu-opera ; and the other by his carriages, then termed carr-opera -f. FULTIAM, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. Some lands in the manor of Fulham, in the counly of Middle- sex, and elsewhere, are held of the bishop of London by bord ser- vice §|.§, and the tenants do now pay sixpence per acre, in lieu of finding provision for their lord's board or table :{:. §j:§ Borda signifies a cottage with a small parcel of land annexed, held by the service of finding for the lord poultry, eggs, &c. for his board or table. Pennant. SIIOULDHAM, COUXTY OF NORFOLK. In 1413, John Shouldham was lord of this manor, and performed homage to the prior, in the chapter house of the priory, on Sun- day before the feast of St. Simon and Jude, in these words: '• Her * Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii. "^ Blount's Law Diet. tit. bord lands. Jac. p. 1288. Law Diet. tit. Bord Service. i" Somner, 24. Compl. Cop) holder, 56 1. 3 p "I become 402 " I become yoman from this tyme forth, and truth shall you bear " and never armd again you in land of peace, nor of werr, for lands " and tenements which I clemyd to hold of you by knyghtes ser- " vice, so help me God and holy Dom *." ALD EL\ ET, COUNTY OF DURHx4M. In the second year of the pontificate of John Fordham, bishop of Durham, 1382, John de Elvet, of Durham, held in his demesne, as of fee, four messuages, with the appurtenances, in Aid Elvet, of the prior of Durham, by feaUy, and doing three suits yearly to the court of the said prior of his barony of Elvet [*], and paying into the hostillary [-j ] of the said priory five shillings a year -f •. [*] Elvet is a place adjoining to the city of Durham, from which it is parted by a bridge over the river Were. It appears by this record to have been a barony belonging to the priors of Dur- ham. E. [-)■] Hostillar. The hostillary, or hostellary, was that apartment in a monastery, where hostes or strangers were received and enter- tained. P. NEW ELVET, COUNTY OF DURHAM. At the same time the said John de Elvet held of the said prior ten messuages, with the appurtenances, in New Elvet, as of burgage ^, and by doing three suits to the court of the borough of Elvet, and * Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. iv. p. 150. et faciend'. ties sect', per ann. ad cur', dicti + Johannes de Elvet, de Diinelm. ten' in pr. baronitc de Elvet, et reddendo hostillar'. dominico, ut de feodo, quatuor mess', cum dicti pro v s. per ann. Inquis. post oiortetn pertin'. in Aid Llvit, de pr. Luiielm. per fid'. Johannis de Elvet. 2 Fordham. paying 403 paying to the said hostillary yearly, for landnialc |||.1|, four shillings and two-pence*. ^ Burgage. See note under Durham, p. 391. ||:J:|| Landmale. See note under Durhaua, p. 391. HOTIIFIELD, COUNTY OF KENT. This manor was anciently held of the see of Canterbury, by the tenure of executing the office of chamberlain to the archbishop on the day of his enthronization, and for which service the person thus officiating was entitled to all the furniture of the archbishop's bed-chamber f . ISLINGTON, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX Ralph de Berners, who died in 1297, was seised of the manor of Yseldon, held under the bishop of London, as of his castle of Stortford, by a certain quit rent, and the service of warding the castle X- TIIORNHILL, COUNTY OF DORSET. In the 14th of Richard II. John ThornhuU de Ilarjrrave held six virgates of land here, libere, of the abbot of Sherborn, paying at Candlemas, yearly, a halfpenny §. * Joliannes de Elvet ten', de dicto pr'. dec. + Beauties of England and Wales, vol. vjii, mess, cum peitin'. in Novo Elvet, ut de bur- p. 1189. gagio, et faciend'. tres sect', ad cur', burgi d« % Esch. 25 Edw. I. No. 29. Ljsons's En- Elvet, et reddend'. dicto liostiilar'. per ann. virons of London, vol. iii. p. 126. pro landmale, mis. et iid. Iiiquis. post ^Sherborn Register. Hutchins's Hist, of mortem Johamiis de Elvet. 2 Fordliam. Dorset, vol. ii. p. 245. 5 F 2 RABY, 404 RABY, COUNTY OF DURHAM. About the 13th of Edward I. 1285, Ralph NeviU, lord of Raby, held Raby, with the eight adjoining townships, of Huglf de DarUng- ton, then prior of Durham, by the yearly rent of four pounds, and a stag, to be offered every year in the abbey of Durham, upon St. Cuthbert's day, September the fourth "*. In the twenty-third year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 13C7, Sir Ralph de Nevyll, knight, held of the prior of Durham, the manor of Raby, with the appurtenances, by the service of one staff, and one hundred shillinos a year j-. And in the first year of the pontificate of bishop Skirlawc, 1388, Sir John de Nevyll, knight, held in capite of the jirior of Durham, the uianor of Raby and Stayndrop, with the appurtenances, by the same services \.. , SWINNERTON, COUNTY OF STAFFORD. Tliis manor was held by the family of Broughton, of the bishop of Lichfield's manor of Eecleshall, by the third part of a knight's fee, and other services ; viz. 1st. To find fourteen men at the chace of Pad more, for three days, thrice every year. 2d. To find two ploughs in winter, and as many in Lent, for two days each time, to plough the lord's demesne, wherever the lord pleases in this manor. * Mr. Allan's notes. Diigdale's Baronage, J Joliannes de Nevyll, chiv. ten.' in capite tit. Neville, where there is a full account of it. de priore Dunelm. maneriuna de Raby et -[- Radusde Nevyll, chiv. ten.' de pr. Dunel. Stayndrop, cum pertin'. per servic'. unius maner'. de Raby, cum pertin'. per servic'. cervi, et c s. per annum. Inquis. post mortem unius cervi, et c sol. per annum. Inquis. post Johannis Nevyll, chiv. 1 Skirlaw. mortem Radi Nevill, chiv. 23 Hatfield. ^d. To 405 3d. To find fourteen men to reap in harvest, or to pay five shil- lings and nine-pence. 4th. To keep uard at the Castle of Eccleshall, for the space of forty days, at his own proper costs and charges. CHARLTON and SWINESHEAD, COUNTY OF STAFFORD, Were held by the same tenure. YORK, CITY OF. The first of August is said to be called Lammas, quasi Lamb Mass, because on that day tlie tenants that held lands of the cathe- dral church of York, which is dedicated to St. Peter ad Vincula, were bound by their tenure to bring a live lamb into the church at high mass on that day *. BLEBURY, COUNTY OF BERKS. vVmong the customary services from the tenants in Blebury to the abbot and convent of Readinir; the aforesaid abbot was to have of them two reap days of every carucate per annum, which are called beverches ^, and with every plough two men each day to the abbot's dinner f. ^ Beverches are bed works, or customary services, done at the bidding of the lord, by his inferior tenants. Jacob. * Blount's Law Diet, in verbo. precarias carracarum per annum, que vocantur •f- Inter servitia customaria tenentium in beverches, et cum qualibet carruca duos lio- Blebury, de douiiuo abbatis et conventus mines qualibet die ad prandium abbatis. Car- Reading. Predictus abbas habebit de eis duas tular. Hading, MS. f. 223. CHINGFORD, 406 CIIINGFORD, COUNTY OF ESSEX. There is an estate in this parish, called Brindwood's, held under the rectory by the following singular tenure : upon every alienation the owner of the estate, with his wife, man servant, and maid ser- vant, each single on a horse, come to the parsonage, where the owner does his homage, and pays his relief, in the following manner: he blows three blasts with his horn, and carries a hawk on his fist, his servant has a greyhound in a slip, both for the use of the rector that day ; he receives a chicken for his haw k, a peck of oats for his horse, and a loaf of bread for his greyhound. They all dine ; after which the master blows three blasts with his horn, and they depart*. Morant says that this estate was (1768) lately in the possession of Daniel lladdon, of Braxted-j. In a letter from the Rev. Francis Haslewood, rector of Chingford, dated in November, 1721, to a friend, transmitted by Mr. Bunce, and in- serted in the Gentleman's Magazine ij".; he says, Mr. Haddon, the then owner, shewed him proofs of the existence of such a custom from Queen Elizabeth's time, inclusive, to his time, according to the subjoined form : " Bee it remembred, that the three and twentith day of Octo- " ber, in the yeare of our Lord, 1659, came Samuell Haddon, and " Mary his wyfe, Edmond Cotster his man servant, and Matthew § " Walle his maide servant, to the parsonage of Chingford, at the " comaund of Thomas Wytham, Master of Artes, and rector of *' tlie said parsonage. The said Samuell Haddon did his homage " there, and paid his reliefe in maner and forme as hereafter fol- * Morant's Hist, of Essex, vol. i. p. 57. % Ge«t. Mag. 1790, p. 788. f Lvsons's Environs of London, vol. iv.p. 137. § Intended for Martha, I suppose. E. " loweth, " lowetli, for one tenement at Chingford, tlial Is called Scoltes May- •' hcwes, alias Brendwood, Avhicli Avas lately purchased of Daniel " Thelwell, Esq. First, the said Saniuell did biowe three blastes " with a home, at the said parsonage, and afterward received of " the said Thomas Wytham, a chicken for his haAvke, a peck of " oates for his horse, a loafe of bread for his o;revhound, and after- " ward received his dinner for himselfe, and also his wyfe, his " man, and his niaide. The maner of his cominge to the said par- " sonage was on horseback, with his hawke on his fist, and his " greyhound in his slippe : and after dinner blew three blastes with " his home at the said parsonage, and then paid twelve-pence of " lavvfuU money of England for his relief, and so departed. All " these seremoneys were donne for the homage and reliefe of the " said tenement at Chingford-hatch, called Scottes Mayhewes, *' alias Brendwood, as before hath been accustomed to be donne, " time out of mind. ** Witnesses to the performance of the seremoneyss aforesaid, " Ralphe Delle, " Jo. Hette, " John Woodward." HOCKYNDEN, COUNTY OF KENT. It appears by an Inquisition taken at Ilockynden, before the King's escheator, in the second year of the reign of King Edward I. that Isabella de Monte Alto, who had been deceased three years, held in gavelikendc, on the day of her death, of the prior of Christ Church, in Canterbui'y, one messuage, and forty-two acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Ilokinden, by the service of 10s. lid. per annum, and by the service of ploughing, mowing, and carrying the 408 the produce of certain lands of the prior to his Grange at Orping- ton, and other services therein mentioned ; and by the niaking suit at the court of the prior there, from tliree weeks to three weeks *. ACTON, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. Peter, son of AUilph, granted to Geoffry de Lucy, dean of St. Paul's f, his manor at Acton under the Wood, with the garden and grove adjoining, and twenty acres of arable land, held of the King by knight's service. The dean granted the said premises, together with five acres of land, which he had purchased of Walter de Actune, to the chapter, reserving £5, to be paid annually towards a chantry which he had founded in St. Paul's cathedral ; viz. five marks to a priest to pray for his soul, and the souls of the late bishop of London and his successors ; £0 s. yearly to celebrate his own obit; and a mark to celebrate that of Philip de Fauconberg, archdeacon of Huntingdon. The chapter afterwards leased all their manor of Acton, with the mansion-house, &c. to the said GeolTry for his life, rendering annually a wax-light of a pound weight :|;; and it was ordained that it should be always held of the chapter by his successors in the deanery §. BURNIIAM DEPEDALE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. Reinald, or Reginald, abbot, by his deed, without date, but in the reign of Henry L granted to Bosceline and Alfnia his wife, the land of Ulph, in Depedene, (now called Depedale) on this condition, that they should become the abbot's leige people. Sciatis me dedisse ttrram Ulf in Depedene (hodie Depedale) huic Boscelino, et uxori * Ilasted's Hist, of Kent, vol. i. p. 142. % Cart. Antiq. No. 601 . 603. t From the year 1'231 to 1C41. § Lysons's Environs of London, vol. i. p. 3. ejus 409 ejus Alfinfp, ita bene sicut homines de Brancestre ilium testificant Tcrum liabuisse, e.'i conditione quod effecfi sunt homines heges. This shews that lords of manors had their lieges, who were hound and sworn to pay allegiance to them *. GLASTONBURY, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. In the 33d Edward I. William Pasturell held twelve oxgangs of land in Glastonbury, of the abbot thereof, by the service of find- ing a cook in the kitchen of the said abbot, and a baker in the bakehouse -j-. WEST-TWYFORD, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. Bartiiolomew de Capella was lord of this manor in 1251 %. Sir William Paynell swore fealty f for it in 1281 §. % Fealty is the same as fidelitas in Latin ; and when a free tenant was to do fealty to his lord, he was to hold his right hand upon a book, and say thus : " Know ye tliis, my lord, that I will be " faithful and true unto you, and faith to you will bear for the " tenements which I claim to hold of you, and that 1 will law- " fully do to you the customs and services which I ought to do " at the terms assigned. So help me God and his saints." But he was not to kneel nor make such humble reverence as in homage ; and fealty might be done before the steward of the court, but homage could only be done to the lord himself. (Litt. sect. 91, 92.) Burn. * Blomefield's Hist. «f Norfolk, fol. edit. % See Records of the Dean and Chapter of vol. iii. p. 727. St. Paul's, Lib. B. f. 26, & Lib, piles, f. 25. t Coilinson's Hist, of Somersetshire, vol. ii. § Ibid. Lab. pil. f. 17. p. 261, note. 3 G The 410 The value of this manor, as appears by Esch. 3 Ric. II. No. 54, was then oGlO per annum; this record speaks of it as held of the dean and chapter of St. Paul's by the render of a red rose on St. John the Baptist's day*. CHELSEA, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. Robert de Heyle, in 1368, leased the whole of his manor of Chelchith, except A¥estbourne and Kingsholt, to the abbot and convent of Westminster, for the term of his own life, for which they were to allow him a certain house, within the convent, lately occupied by Sir John 3Iolyns, for his residence, to pay him the sum of JO'20 per annum, to provide him every day two white loaves, two flaggons of convent ale, and once a year a robe of esquire's silk -j-. BANBURY, COUxNTY OF OXFORD. The manor of Banbury was held of the bishop of Lincoln, by the serjeanty of one hundred and forty hens, and one thousand three hundred eggs X- STOKE WAKE, COUNTY OF DORSET. By the Inquisitions of the Wakes and Keynes, 22d & 34th Edw. III. 20(h Edw. IV. and 37th Eliz. they are said to have held this manor of the abbess and convent of Shaftesbury, by the service of being stewards of the household, to set the house in order on the day of the instalment of every abbess §. * Lysons's Environs of London, vol. iv. p. % Item, de serjantia cxl gallinae et mille et 606, and note. ccc ova. Kennett's Paroch. Antiq. p. 354. t CI. 41 Edvv.ni. m. 16. dors. The King's § Seneschallus intiinsecns ad arraiandum licence for tiiis lease is among the records of domum. Hutchins's Hist, of Dorset, vol. ii. the dean and chapter of Westminster. Ljsoiis's p. 449. Environs of Loudon, vol. ii. p. 74. BURY 411 BURY ST. EDMUNDS, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. The office of cellerer^, for the liine bclno;, of (lie monastery of St. Edmund, in the county of Suffolk, Avas held of the lord abbot by (the payment of) certain seams of oats §*§ in the name of fodyr- cornf§i, to be paid yearly at tlie feast of St. ^lartin, in winter, for tenements, and parcels of tenements, lying in several towns *. % Cellerer. See note on Thurgarton, &c. §*§ See Summa A vena?, note on Felstede, p. 137. -j'^-j' Foder, (j--oba, Sax. is alimentum,) any kind of meat for horses, or other cattle. In some places hay and straw mixed tooetlier is accounted fodder. Nee non reddilus qui dicuntur hidagiuui et foddercorn in perpctuum abbatibus (de S. Edmundo) de- signcntur. Mon. Angl. torn. I. fol. 21)1, a. Blount's Law Diet, in V- ; and see Foraiie. EAST CUANMORE, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. In Cart. 41 lien. III. m. 5, there is extant a curious deed, printed in Upton de Studio 31ilitari, 165J, Avherein one Henry de Fern- bureg engages, for the sum of thirty marks sterling, to be always ready to fight as the abbot of Glastonbury's champion, in ). Ill another volume, it is said, the Fosters, the * Sciant, &.c. quod ego Rogeius la Zouclie suam marlend. ledilendo iiide annuatim milii dedi, &c. Henrico de Hugefoit et liEtiedibus et liieredibus ineis iiiiuin capelliini rosaiiim, suis, &,c. et quodliabeaiitomiieni libertatem et die Nativitatis Saiict. Joliaiuiis Baptiste, si in Iiberain commiuiiam, ill boscis, in plunij, in viis, villa de Tonge fuerimus, si non, ponatur in semitis, in aquis, in inolcndinis, in bruariis, in snper iniaginem Beatce Wariie in ecclesia de tuibariis, in quaieriis, in piscariis, in niarlei lis, 'I'oiige, pro omnibus serviliis. Ex ipso auto- et in omnibus aiiis locis et aisiainentis ad graplio sin edat. penes Gul. Dugdale, Arm. praedictuin maneriuni spectantibus. Et quod Blount, 1'2. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Marle- capiant marlam pro voluiitate sua ad terrani rium. owners 415 owner* ^i the said land, every year put die said eliaj^lot about the work of the statue of the man lyin<^ upon this monu- ment*. RODELEY, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. Certain tenants of the manor of Rodeley in the county of Clou- cester, do pay to this day, to the lord thereof, a rent called Prid- gavel ||§||, in duty and acknowledgment to him, for their liberty and privilege of fishing for lampreys in the ri\ er Severn f. I1§11 Pridgavcl. Prid for brevity, being the latter syllable of 1am- prid (as this fish was antiently called) and gavel, a rent or tribute. Blount. HILDSLEY, COUNTY OF BERKS. At this court, John Rede made fine with the lord for his tene- ment, by the service of eight shillings and one Bederip J§| in autumn ij. '^.^l Bederip. One day's work in harvest. Blount. From bede, a prayer, and rip, reap, the same as what is now called a boon- day 's-work. E. STAMFORD, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. William, Earl Warren, lord of this town in the time of King John, standing upon the castle walls, saw two bull& fighting for a * Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxi. pp. 715, 71ti. fiiicni cum domino pro tenemento siio ■ ■\ Taylor's Hist, of Gavelkind, fo. 1 12. per servitium octo sulidorum et imius Bederip Blount, 18. in autumno. Rot. Curise maner. de Hildeslegh, J Ad istam curiam Johannes Rede fecit in com. Berks, 12 Ric. II. Blount, 19, cow 416 , icow ill the Castle Meadow, till all the butchers dogs pursued one of the bulls (madded with noise and multitude) clean through the town. This sight so pleased the earl, that he gave the Castle I^teadows, where the bulls duel began, for a common, to the butchers of the town, after the first grass was mowed, on condi- tion that they should find a mad bull, the day six weeks before Christmas-Day, for the continuance of that sport for ever *. It is very observable, that here they have the custom, which Littleton, the famous common-lawyer, calls Borough-English, i, e. the younger sons inherit what lands or tenements their fathers die possessed of, within this manor -j. nODNET, COUNTY OF SALOP. This town was formerly inhabited by a fiuiiily of that name, from whom, by the LudloM es, it came by inheritance to the Vernons. It was antiently held of the honor of Montgomery, by the service of being seneschal!, or steward of the same honor J. CUCKWOLO, COUNTY OF YORK. Sir Thomas Colevyle, knight, holds the manor of Cuckwold, in the county of York, of Thomas, late Lord of Mowbray, as of his manor of Threke, (Thirske) rendering one target or shield^, widi the arms of the said lord painted thereon, yearly, at Whitsun- tide §. * Butcher's Survey of Stamford, p. 40. domino de Mowbray, ut de manerio sue de Blount, 19. Threke, reddendo unum tergum, sive scutum, f Caind. Brit. tit. I-incolnsliire. cum armis dicti domiui depictis, annuatim, die i Inquis. 10 F.dw. 11. Blount, 23. Pentecostes. Escaet. G Hen. IV. nu. 43. 5) Thomas Colevyle, miles, tenet manerium Blount, 92. He Cukwold, m com, Ebor. de Thoma nuper The 417 f llie taro-et*, or bucklerf , was carried by tlie lieavy armed foot; it answered to the scutum of the Romans ; ils form was sometimes that of a rectanoular i)aralU'looram, hut more commonly had Its bottom rounded off: it was o aimed \vi(h a spike. On the inside were two handles. Men of faniilv usuallv had their armorial bearings painted on their taro-ets. After die invention of fire-arms, instead of the spike the centre of some targets were armed with one or more small gun-barrels, a grate or aperture beinjf left in the taroet for the convenience of takino- aim : several of these are mentioned in Mv. Brander's manuscript §; one is still shewn in the Spanish annoi-y, in the Tower of London. The shields or targets were of diflerent sizes ; those of the antients were so large as to cover almost the whole body, so that when a centinel had set the case of his shield on the ground ||, he could rest his bead on the upper margin. They were also laro-e * From tergum, a hide. plajne without goiines, 7; targett with xx f Juiiius derives the word Bucler, from the litle goiincs ; oone terget w. four gonnes ; German Beucheler, or Bocken-leer, i.e. the oone, a long tergett w. oone gonne; oone, a skin of a goat. target oi' the slall of a tortys ; oone, in the X By the laws of Elhelsfan, any shield- Tower, maker covering a shield with sheep skins, for- || An iron spike was fixed to the bottom of feited thirty shillings ; a prodigious fine in the antient shields, for the purpose of tixin" tiiose days. See the Saxon laws. them in the ground ; these spikes were also Ij Targetts steilde w. gonnes^ 35 ; targctts useful in battle. 3 H enough 41« o enough to convey the dead, or those daiif^orously wounded, from the field, as is evident from the well-known exhortation of the Lacedemonian women to their sons and husbands, " Bring this back, or come back upon it ;" a circumstance that also marks the ignominy attending the loss of a shield. This was common to all nations ; and at the close of the fourteenth century, a knight, who had lost his shield, was said to want his coat armour, and could not sit at the table with the other knights until he had, by some honourable exploit, or feat of arms against the enemy, obliterated that disgrace; if, before this was achieved, he should attempt to place himself among them, it was the duty of the herald to tear his mantle ; an example of this is mentioned in the note beloAv *. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. pp. 255, 250, where see a figure of a curious shield, plate XLViii. fio;. 2. MICHELIIAM, COUNTY OF . Ralph de Belvoir holds two carucates of land in Michelham, of Roger de Mowbray, rendering yearly certain hose of scarlet at Christmas, for all services f. CASTLE BAYNARD, in the CITY op LONDON. The riohts that belonjjed to Robert fitz AYater, chastilian and banner-bearer of London, lord of Wodeham, were these : * Hujusque litiis pr;Eclaiuni habetiir ex- niensas Regia; ■carens iiisigiiis amioriiii), iii- empluiii apud \\'illtlinuiii iledam in I'Vedrico uueiitem insignia ipsLus Wilielnii apud I'Visos episcopo Ultrajectensi, sub. ann. lo95; orientales amissa. Du Cange. quippe narrat comiti Ostrevandia; Willelnio, -f lladulfus de Belvoir tenet duas carucnlas mens* Regis Fiancoruni assidenti cum aiiis terra' in Michlehani, de Rogero de Mowbray, principibus, fecialem qiieni Heraldani vocant, reddendo annuatim quasdiini caligas de scar- lacerasse mantile sibi antepositnin, objici- leto at Natale domini, pro onuiibus servitiis. enteiii iiidigniim lore tjiiod aliquis interesset E.\ Carta antiqua. Blount, 121. The 419 The said Robert and his heirs onjjht to be and are chief ban- ners of London, in fee for the chasliliarv, Avhieh he and his an- cestors had by Castle Baynard, in the said city. In time of war the said Robert and his heirs ong'ht to serve the city in maiiiier as followeth ; that is, The said Robert ouoht to come, he beino- ihe twentieth man of arms on horseback, covered with cloth or armour, nnto the great west door of St. Panl, with his banner displayed before him of his arms. And when he is come to the said door, mounted and appa- relled, as before is said, the mayor, with his aldermen and sherirt's, armed in their arms, shall come out of the said church of St. Paul unto the said door, with a banner in his hand, all on foot; which banner shall be gules, the image of St. Paul, gold ; the face, hands, feet, and sword, of silver ; and as soon as the said Robert shall see the mayor, aldermen, and sheriffs come on foot out of the church, armed with such a banner, he shall alight from his horse, and salute the mayor, and say to him, " sir mayor, I am come to do my service which 1 owe to the ci(y." And the mayor and aldermen shall answer, " We give to you, as to our banneret of fee in this city, the banner of this city to bear and govern, to the honour and profit of this city, to your power." And the said Robert and his heirs shall receive the banner in his hands, and go on foot out of the gate, Avith the banner in his hands ; and the mayor, aldermen, and sheriffs shall follow to the door, and shall bring an horse to the said Robert, worth twenty 3 H 2 pounds ; 420 pounds ; which horse shall be saddled with a saddle of ihe arms of the said Robert, and shall be covered Avith sindals|l^|| of the said arms. Also they shall present to him twenty pounds sterling, and deliver it to the chamberlain of the said Robert, for his expences that day. Then the said Robert shall mount upon the horse which the mayor presented to him, with the banner in his hand ; and, as soon as he is up, he shall say to the mayor, that he must cause a marshal to be chosen for the host, one of the city ; which being* done, the said Robert shall command the mayor and burgesses of the city to warn the commons to assemble, and all go under the banner of St. Paul ; and the said Robert shall bear it himself to Aldgate, and there the said Robert and mayor shall deliver the said banner of Sf. Paul to whom they think proper. And if they are to go out of the city, then the said Robert ought to choose two out of every ward, the most sage persons, to look to the keeping of the city after they are gone out. And this counsel shall be taken in the priory of the Trinity near Aldgate. And before every town or castle which the host of London shall besiege, if the siege con- tinue a whole year, the said Robert shall have for every siege, of the commonalty of London, one hundred shillings, and no more. These were the rights that Robert filz Water had in time of war: the rights that belonged to him and his heirs in the city of London, in time of peace, were as follow : That is to say, the said Robert iitz Water had a soke ^ or ward in 421 in the city, where was a wall of the canonry of St. Paul, which led down by a breAvhouse §§ of St. Paul to the Thames, and so to the side of the mill which was in the water coming down from Fleet- brido-c, and went by London-wall betwixt the Friars preachers and Ludffate, and so returned by the house of the said friars to the said w all of the canonry of St. Paul ; that is, all the parish of St. An- drew, which was in the gift of his ancestors by the said seniority; and so the said Robert had ajtpendant unto the said soke, all the thinjjs under-written. That he ought to have a sokeman, and to place what sokeman he will, so he be of the sokemanry, or the same ward : and if any of the sokemanry be impleaded in the Guildhall of any thing that toucheth not the body of the mayor that for the time is, or that toucheth the body of no sheriff, it is not lawful for the sokeman of the sokemanry of the said Robert fitz Water to demand a court of the said Robert ; and the mayor and his citizens of London ought to grant him to have a court ; and in his court he ought to bring his judi^ments, as it is assented and agreed upon in the Guildhall, that shall be given him. If any therefore be taken in this sokemanry, he ought to have his stocks and imprisonment in his soken; and he shall be brought from thence to the Guildhall before the mayor, and there they shall pro- vide him his judgment that ought to be given of him ; but his judg- ment shall not be published till he come into the court of the said Robert, and in his liberty. And the judgment-shall be such, that if he have deserved death by treason, be to be tied to a post in the Thames at a good wharf, 422 wharf, where boats are fastened, two ebbings and two flowings of the water. And if he be condemned for a common thief :||., he ought to be led to the elms [j], and there suffer his judgment as other thieves. And so the said Robert and his heirs hath honour, that he holdeth a great franchise within the city, that the mayor of the city and citizens are bound to do him of right ; that is to say, that when the mayor will hold a great council, he ought to call the said Robert and his heirs to be with him in council of the city ; and the said Robert ought to be sworn to be of council with the city against all people, saving the King and his heirs. And when the said Robert Cometh to the hustings of the Guildhall of the city, the mayor, or his lieutenant, ouoht to rise aoaiust him, and set him down near unto him ; and, so long as he is in the Guildhall, all the judgments ought to be given by his mouth, according to the record of the recorders of the said Guildhall: and so many waifes as come so lono- as ho is there, he oujiht to oive them to the bailiffs of the town, or to whom he will, by the council of the mayor of this city*. N. B. The * Serviiia et libertates Roberti fitz Walter, son destrer covert, montant soi vintisme des de Castro Baynardi, in London. Ccs sont liommes, as armes, as chevaulx coverts de les d^oiets que appendent a Robert fitz U autcr tejie ou de fer tauq ; al graund luiis de niynstre Chastellein de Loundres, Seigneur de Wode- de S. Pol, ove sa banere desploye devant luy, liain, en la citee de Loundres : cestascavoir de ses armes. Et quant il est venuz a grand que le dit Robert et ces heirs deivent estre et huis du mynstier avantdit. mountez et appa- sont chief banoyers de Londres, de fee, pour raillez, sicome il est avantdit, si doit le niair la dicte chastelrie, queces, auncestres et Iny de Loundres venir, ove touz ses viscountz et ont du Chastel Baynard en la dicte citee. En ses audermans, armes de Itur armes hors du temps de guerre doit le diet Robert et ces mynstier de S. Pol, taunq ; au dit huis, ove heirs servir la ville en la manere de souz son banere en sa main, tout a pee : et serra ^script. Que le diet Robert doit venir sus la banere verniaile ove un ymage de S. Pol, d'or. 423 N. B. The castle, called Baynard's Castle, was built by Baynard, a noble Norman, who came in Avith the Conqueror, and died in d'or, ove Ics piez ct les mains, et la teste d argent, od un espeie d'argeiit en la main le diet yuiage. Et si tost come le diet Robert verra, le meire, et ses vicouuts, et ses auder- mans venir au pee hors del dit mjnstre ormez ove cete banere ; si descendera le dit Robert ou ces heirs, que ceo servise deivent a la dite citee de son chival, et saluera le meiie come sou compaignon et son pier, et luy dirra. Sire iiiaire, ico su venur pour faire men ser- vice que jeo dei a la cittee. Et le maire, les viscounts, et les audernians divront : nous vous baillons ici come a nostre baner de fee, de ceste ville, ceste banere de ceste ville a porter et governer al honour et a profit de nostre citee a vostre peer. Et le dit Robert et ses heirs resceveront la banere en sa main. Et la maire de la dicte citee et les viscounts le suiveront al huis, et menercont un ciiival au dit Robert pris de jCxk. Et serra le cliival enselle d'un selle d'armes ledit Robert et co- vert de cendal de niesme les armes ; et pren- dront ,£xx d'esterling, et les baudront al chamberleyn le dit Robert pour ses depenseos de eel jour. Et le dit Robert monlera le cheval, qui le diet maire li ad presente, ouve tute le banere en sa main. Et si teste come il est monlee, il dirra au maire q'il face eslier un maresclial maintenaiit, de ost de la citee de Londres. Et si tost come le mareschal est esleuz, le dit Robert serra commander au maire et a ses burgeis de la ville que facent soner le seiu communal de la dit citee; ct irront tute le commune suiz la banere S. Pol, inesmes seli Robert postera en sa main de- mesme tanque a Algate enavansa porter a qui le dit Robert et le maire se assenteut. Si issint soit q'il deivent issue fuire hors de la ville si doit don(jues le dit Robert, de ciie- chune garde de la ville, eslier deux des plus sages pour pourveier, coment la ville poet mielux estre garde derere eux. Et ceo coun- sel serra pris en la priorie de la Trinite, id est juxta Aldgate. Et devant chescun ville ou cliastel que I'ost de Loundres assege sil de- morast un an entour le siege, si deit le dit Robert avoir pour chescun siege de la com- mune de Loundres cent seuz pour son travail, et nient plus. Ces sont les drocctures que le diet Robert avera en Loundres en temps de guerre. Ces sont les droectures q'appendent a Ro- bert le fitz Walter, et a ces heirs en Loundres, en temps de pees. Cestascavoir, que le diet Robert ad un sokne et le citee de Loundres ; cestascavoir du mure de la chanoniare de S. Pol, si come home va aval la rue devant le bracine de S. Pol, tanque a Tliamise ; et issent tanque a cost du molin q'est en I'eaw quevint avaie del pount de Flete, et vu issi sus par les murs de Loundres tout entour les frcres pre- cliours, tanque a Ludgate : et issint retournc jus arere par le meisan de ses ditz freres, tanq. a la dit cornere de mure de la dite chanoinerie de S. Pol, cestascavoir tout la paroclie del esglise de S. Andrew, q' est en le donesein de ces auncestres par la dit seigneurie. Si ad le dit Robert appendant a cele sokne, toutz cestes choses desus escritts ; q'il doit avoir soknian, et mettre qui q'il voudra sokman mcl q'il soit de la sokmanrie. Et si nid de la sokmanrie soit implode en la gilialle de nul chose, que ne touclie le corps le meire, qui que soit pour le temps ; ou qui touch le corps de 424 in the reign of William Rufns : he was succeeded by Geoffry Baynard, and he by William Baynard, in the year 1111, who forfeited his estate for felony ; on which King Henry I. gave it to Robert, son of Richard, son of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, and his heirs. This Robert died in 1131, and was succeeded by Walter, his son, who died in the year 1198, and was succeeded by his son, Robert fitz AValter, a valiant knight, whose daughter 31atilda King John was passionately fond of, but slie, refusing his addresses, was poisoned, and her father banished, but afterwards restored to the King's favour. This Robert died in 1234, and was succeeded by W alter, his son, and he by Robert, his son, who in the year 1303, before John Blondon or Blount, mayor of London, acknowledged his ser- vice to the city, and sware upon the Evangelists, that he would de mil \iscoiinte de la dicte ville, list a sokman de sokmaneii le dit Robert le titz Water, a denKuinder la court le dit Robert fitz Waulter. Et le nieire et le citizens de Loiindres le dei- vent graunter d'aver sa court ; et en sa court doit son juggement perter ainsi come il est asseiitu en la gnihalle que done li serva. Si nul laron soil pris en san sokne, il doit aver son cep, et son prisonment en son sukne ; ct serra illucq. nienez tanq. a la gilialle devant le nieire, et la paurveiront son jiiggetnent qui le deit ester donee nies son juggement ne serra mie pnplic tanq. il veigne en court le dit Ro- bert, et en sa franchise. Et serra la jugge- ment tiel s'il ad niort deservi pur traison, q'il soil lie au piler que estret en Thamaise al wode warfe, la ou home attache les nicfes, deux niontes et deux recreces del eawe. Et s'il soit dampne pur common larcin, il deit estre menee as homeaus (id est helnics) et suffrir la son juggement come autres communs larouns. Et si ad le dit Robert et ses heires un grand honeur, q'il tie nt a un grant fran- chise en la dit citee : que le maire de la citee et les citizens de mesme la ville, li deivent faire de droit ; ccstascavoir, que quant le maire voet tenir un grand conseil, il doit appeller le dit Robert ou ses heires, pi r estre a son conseil, et a conseil de la ville. Et deit le dit Robert estre jmez dii counseil de ville counlra toutz gentz, save le Roy d'Engleterre ct ses heires. Et quant le dit Robert vint a hustings en la gihalie de la citee, si deit le meire, ou son lieutenant lever countro li, et le mette pres de luy. Et taunt come il est en la dile gihalie si deivent tons les juggements oste donez par my sa bouclie sclone le record des recordours de la gihalie. Et totz les weyfts qui veignot tanque ii y soit, il les doit doner as bailiffs de !a ville ou a qui il voudra per le counseil le maire de la dite citee. Ex antiq. MS. penes Gal. Dugdale, Mil. BioHut, 112. be be true to the liberties thereof, &e. Stowe's Survey of Londottj p. 56, edit. lOoS. Tliis Robert, who died in the year 1305, is the same Robert above-mentioned. E. j[|jl Sindal. From the Itahan zendalo, very thin silk. Skinner's Etym. Gen. E. A foot-cloth, sumpter-cloth, or housing. A- See Archajolog. vol. v. p. 214, E. f Soke, Sokeman, Sokemanry. Soke, or soc, signifies a franchise or liberty, to which a court for the administration of justice was incidentally annexed. Sokeman was a person who held land by socage tenure, and was a suitor of such court ; and sokemanry seems to mean the district of the soke. See Blackstone's Com- ment, lib. ii. cap. G. Blount's Law Diet. sub. voc. Soc. &c. ^§ Bracine. A brewhouse. Blount. From the Latin bracina. E. J|: Larcin. A thief. From the French, larcin, theft, robbery. E. , £j;] Elms. These elms stood near Smithfield, and were the place of e.xecution before Tyburn had that office. Blount. DYLEW, OR DYLWLN, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. Adam de Dyleu holds in Dilew, in the county of Hereford, two yard-lands and a half, rendering therefore yearly to William Fitz Warin three shillings in silver, and finding in the time of war, for the said William, every year for fifteen days, one man with a horse and a prick f, one iron helmet §|.§, and one lance, at the cost of the said Wilham : and if his horse should die or be killed in the service of the aforesaid William, the said William was to give him twenty shillinjrs for that horse *. ^ Compuncto. n * Adam de Dyleu tenet in Dylew, in reddendo inde annuatim Willielmo Filio com. Heref. duas virgatas et diiiiid. terra;, Wariui Ires solidos argenli, et inveniendo 3 I tempore 426 V ^ Cunipuncto. See notes under Kinwaldmersh, p. 132. This lias nothing to do with a prick, but means a wambais, lorica ; for I take eonipunctum to be the same as perpunetum. P. §|.§ Capello ferreo. A scull cap or helmet, vide pp. 92, 95, and 297. Called capella, p. 122, and capelhun, p. 152 ; and see Watts's notes to M. Paris, p. 53. P. BRODGATE PARK, COUNTY OF LEICESTER. This is the agreement made at Leicester, on the day of St. Vincent the martyr (22d January), in the thirty-first year of the reign of King Henry (III.) son of King John (1216), before Sir Roger de Turkilby, Master Simon de Walton, Sir Gilbert de Preston, and Sir John de Cobham, justices in eyre there, between Roger de Quincey, Earl of Winchester, and Roger de Somery, that is to say, that the aforesaid Roger de Somery hath granted for him and his heirs, that the aforesaid earl and his heirs may have and hold his park of Bradgate, so inclosed as it was on the octaves of St. Hilary (20th Januar;y), in the thirty-first year of the aforesaid King He^iry, with the deer leaps f then made in the same. And for this agreement and '2:i'ant, the said earl hath o-ranted for him and his heirs, that the same Roger de Somery and his heirs may come at any hour into the forest of the said earl to hunt^-j-^ in it with nine bows, and six hounds 'i^^^ according to the form of the indenture before made between the aforesaid Roger, Earl of Win- chester, and Hugh D'Albeny, Earl of Arundel, in the court of our tempore guerrae dicto Willielmo singulis an- lielnii. Et si equus ejus nioreretur vel esset nis, per quinderim dies uiuim hominem cum inteifectiis in scrvitio prwdicti Wiilielmi, idem uiio equo, et uno conipuncto, et uno capello Willielmus daret ei xx s. pro equo ipso, ferreo, ut una lancea, ad custum dicti Wil- Carta 34 £d\v. III. Blount, 125. lord 427 lord the king at Leycester: and, if any wild beast, wounderf by any of the aforesaid bows, shall enter the said park by any deer leap^, or elsewhere, it shall be lawftd to the afore- said Roger de Somerv and his heirs, to send one or two of his men, who followed the aforesaid wild beast, with the dogs fol- lowing the same, within the aforesaid park, without bow and arrows, and they may take the same that day on which it was wounded, without hurting the other wild beasts in the aforesaid park : so that, if they are footmen, they enter by any leap f or hay 1|§|| ; and if they are horsemen, they enter by the gate, if it shall be open, and otherwise, they are not to enter before they have sounded a horn for the parker, if he will come. And moreover, the said earl hath granted for him and his heirs, that they for the future, every year, will cause to be taken two bucks in the buck season [*], and two does in the doe season [*], and cause them to be delivered at the gate of the aforesaid park, to any man of the aforesaid Roger de Somery and his heirs, bringing their letters pa- tent for the said deer. Also the aforesaid earl hath o-ranted for him and his heirs, that they, for the future, will make no park, nor enlarge the park, within the bounds of the hunting ground [-) ] of the said Roger and his heirs, except the ancient inclosure of the aforesaid forest. And the aforesaid Roger de Somery hath granted for him and his heirs, that they in future will never enter the afore- said forest to hunt§j§, but with nine bows and six hounds. |.§];, and that his foresters shall not carry in the wood of the aforesaid Roger de Somery and his heirs, any barbed, but piled arrows -i^-)-. And that his men of Barwe, and his foresters, shall, within the octaves of St, Michael, at the ford of the park, make oath (fidelitatem facient) to the bailiffs of the aforesaid earl and his heirs, that they will faith- fully keep tlie venison of the aforesaid earl and his heirs, and the 3 I 2 other 428 other things which belong to the said forest, according to tlie pur- port of the said indenture before made, l)et\veen the said Earls of Winchester and Arundel. And this ao-reement was made between the aforesaid earl and the aforesaid Roger do Soniery, saving to tlie same earl and his heirs, and to the aforesaid Roger de Somery and his heirs, all the articles contained in the aforesaid indenture, made between the aforesaid Earls of Winchester and Arundel. And moreover, the same earl hath granted for him and his heirs, that one or two of the men of the said Roger de Somery and his heirs, who shall follow the aforesaid wounded wild beast, and the dogs which follow it, into the aforesaid park, together with the said wild beast, if they take it, and if not, with the said dogs shall freely go out of the said park, through the gate, and without hindrance. And the aforesaid earl and his heirs shall cause it to be made known by some of his people, to the aforesaid Roger de Somery and his heirs at Barwe, on what day he shall send for the abovesaid deer, at the aforesaid place, on the times aforesaid ; and this shall be made known six days before the aforesaid day. In witness whereof either party to the other hath fixed his seal to this writing. And be it known that the buck season here is computed between the feast of St. Peter ad Vincula (1st August) and the Exaltalion of the Holy Cross (14th September), and the doe season, between the feast of St.Martin (11th November) and the Purification of the blessed I^Iary (2d February)*. ^ Sahatoriis, * Hjpc est Concordia facta apiid Lejces- Domino Johaniie de Cobhani, justiciariis tiiam die Saiicti Vincentii inartyiis, anno regni tunc ibidem itinerantiljus ; inl«r Rogcriim de Regis Henricifilii Regis Joliannis XXXI. coram Quincy comitem Wintoniae, et Rogerum Domino Rogero deTiu kilby, Magistro Simone Somery. viz. quod prajdictns Rogerus de Soniery de Walton, Domino GilLerto de Preston, ct concessit pro se et haeredibus suis, quod pr<-e- dictus 429 ^ Siihatoriis, Saltatoriuni. Deer leaps. Blouiil. §t§ Ad bersaiuluni. To cliaee. Blouiit. Or shoot. Gloss, ad M. Paris. P. 4g.+ t§t «ex dictus comes et heredes sui habeant et teneant parcuin suuin de Bradgate, ita inclausum sl- cut iiiclusus fuit in octabis Sancti Hilaiii, anno pra?(iicti Regis Henrici xxxi. cum sallatoriis tunc in eo factis. Et pro iiac concoidia et concessione idem comes concessit pro se et hxredibus suis quod idem Rogerus de Somery, et hteredes sui quacunque hora veniant in fo- resta ipsius coniitis ad bersandum in ea cum noveni arcubus, et sex berscletis, secundum formam cyrograpiii prius tacti, inter praedic- tum Rogerum coniitem Wiutonia?, et Hugonem de Albaniaco comitem Arundeliac, in curia doraini Regis apud Leycestriam : et si aliqua fera, per aliquem pi'sedictorum arcuum vul- nerata, intraverit prasdictuni parcum per ali- quem saltatoriuni, vel alibi, bene iicebit prae- dicto Rogero de Somery et lixredibus suis mittere unum liominem vel duos ex suis, qui sequentur praedictam feram, cum canibus illam feram sequontibus, infra praedictum parcuni, sine arcu ct sagiuis, et illam capiant eo die quo vulnerata fuerit, sine laesione aliarum ferarum in prasdicto parco existentium : ita, quod si sint pedites intrabunt per aliquem salla- torium vel liayam, et si sunt equites intrabunt per portam, si aperta fuerit, et aliter non intra- bunt, antequam cornabunt pro parcario, si venire voluerit. Et praetereaidem comes concessit pro se ethffiredibus suis, quod ipsidecaeteroquoiibet anno capi. facient, duos damos tempore pin- guedinis, et duas damas teu)pore firmatiouis, et eas liberari facient ad portam prsedicti parci alicui hominum pra;dicti Kogeri de Somery el baereduni suorum, literas pateutes ipsoruni dcfcrenti pro praedictis damis. Con- cessit ctiani praedictus comes pro se et liaere- dibus suis, quod ipsi de cietero nullum parcuui facient, nee parcuni aiigmeutabnnt infra nietas bersationis preilicti Rogen et liaaredum suo- rum, pr;eter antiqua clausa jiru'dicta; forests. Et prsedictus Rogerus de Somery concessit pro se et liaeredibus suis, quod ipsi de catero nnnquam intrabunt prsedictam forestam ad bersandum, nisi cum novem arcubus, et sex berseletis, et quod forestarii sui non porta- bunt in bosco priedicti Rogeri de Somery et hreredum suorum sagittas barbatas set (sed) pilettas, et quod homines sui de Barwe, et forestarii, infra octabis Sancti Micliaelis, ad vadum parci fidelitatem facient, quolibet anno> baiivis prajdicti comitis et haeredum suorum, quod venationem praidicti comitis et hxTeduni suorum fervabunt fideliter, et alia qure ad dictara forestam pertinent, secundum propor- tum dicti cyrograpiii inter prsedictos comites Wintoniai et Arundeliai, prius confecti. Et haec Concordia facta est inter prtedictum comitem, et prKdictum Rogerum de Somery salviseidem comiti et lijercdibus suis, et prffdicto Rogero de Somery, et liaeredibus suis, omnibus arti- cuiis in priedicto cyrograplio confecto, inter pra;dictos comites Wintonia? et Arundeliae con- tentis. Et prit-lerea idem comes concessit pro se et h*redibus suis, quod unus vel duo homi- num prsedicti Rogeri de Somery et luereduni suorum, qui sequentur prajdictam feram vul- neratam cum canibus earn sequentibus infra pra'dictum parcum, cum prtedicta fera si earn ceperiut, vel non, cum priedijUis canibus, pr;c-^ dicli 430 X^X ^6^ berseletes. Six hounds, Blount. See note under Taten- huU and Drycot, p. 393. lj§|| Hayam. Ilaia, a Sax. haeg. A quickset hedge. AInsworth's Diet, of Law Lat. and see notes under Chesterton and Teynton, p. 242. [*] Tempus pinguedinis et tempus firmationis. Buck season and doe season. See p. 393. [ i] Metas bersationis. See Bersanduni, above. i § i' Sagittas pilettas. Sagitta piletta is an arrow that has a round knob (pila) in the shank of it, some two inches above the head, to hinder the arrows going too far into the deer's body. Blount. BENIIAM, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. Fulke Fitz Warinc held certain lands in Benham, in the county of Gloucester, of Thomas Lord Berkley, lord of Brimmesfeild, by serjeanty, to carry a horn in Brimmesfeild park betwixt the feasts of the Assumption and the Nativity of the blessed Virgin (1.5th August, and 8th September) at such time as the King should hunt there *. dicti paici libere exeant, per portam et sine iinpedimcnto. Et pra^clictus comes et haere- cles scire, facient aliquem de suis priedicto Rogero de Soniery et haeredibus suis apiid Barwe, quo die mittetur pro supra dictis damis, ad praedictum locum, pra;dictis tem- poribus, et hoc scire eis facient per sex dies ante priedictuni diem. In cujus rei testimo- nium alter alterius scripto sigillum suum ap- posuit. Et sciendum est quod tempus pin- guedinis hie computatur inter festum Beati Petri ad Vincula et Exaltationem Sanctse Crucis, et tempus firmationis inter festum Sancti Martini et Purificationcm Beatas Maria;. Ex Codice MS. penes Elyam Ashmoie Arm. Blount, 12G. * Escaet. 2,3 Edw. III. No. sg, Glouc. Blount, 132. WAKEFIELD, 431 WAKEFIELD, COUNTY OF YORK. John, Earl of Warren and Surrey? j^ranted to one John Ilowson a messuage in Wakefield, the said Ilowson pajing the annual rent of a thousand clusters of nuts, and upholding a gauntlet firm and strong *. REIGATE, COUNTY OF SURREY. John, Earl of Warren and Surrey, quit-claimed to God and St. Mary and the prior and canons of the Holy Cross at Reigate his right in nineteen shillings and four-pence yearly rent, and one plough-share, and four horse shoes with nails, which the said prior and canons used to pay to his ancestors, for several tenements in Reigate -j-, EAST BECHEWORTHE, COUNTY OF SURREY. John de Warren granted to John, son of Adrian de London, a virge of land in East Becheworthe, paying certain gloves of fur of gris^, or forty-pence, at three terms in the year]:. f Gris. See p. 189. * Watson's Memoirs of the Earls of Warren Earls of Warren and Surrey, bj the Rev. Mr. and Surrey, vol. i. p. 264, from a deed in Watson, vol. i. p. 2Q1. French, dated 7 Edw. I. late in the posses- % Reddendo quasdam cyrothecas furratajs sion of Mr. Thomas Wilson, of Leeds. de gris, vel quadraginta denarios, ad tres anni f Put. of Inspeximus. 10 Edw. II. p. 2, terminos. Watson's Memoirs of the Earls of ni. 12. 2 Mou. Angl. 346. Memoirs of the Warren and Surrey, vol. i. p. 295, from a deed, dated 38 Hen. III. BROOK-IIOUSE, 432 BROOK-HOUSE, COUNTY OF YORK. A farm at Brook-house, in Langsett, in the parish of Peniston, ^nd county of York, pays yearly to Godfrey Bosville, Esq. a snow- ball at Midsummer, and a red rose at Christmas :[.§:}: *. :j.§| This is certainly a most extraordinary tenure, and yet the editor has no doubt but it is very possible to perform the ser- vice : he has himself seen snow in caverns or hollows, upon llie high moors, in this neighbourhood, in the month of June ; . and as to the red rose at Christmas (as he does not suppose that it was meant to have been growing just before it was pre- sented) he thinks it is not difficult to preserve one till that time of the year. E. As the things tendered in tenures were usually such as could easily be procured, and not impossible ones, we must suppose that the two here mentioned were redeemable by a pecuniary payment to be fixed at the will of the lord. P. LEVINGTON, COUNTY OF YORK. Adam de Brus ^, lord of Skelton, gave in marriage with his daughter Isabel, to Henry de Percy, eldest son and heir of Joceline de l^ovain (ancestor to the present Duke of Northumberland) the manor of Levington, for which he and his heirs were to repair to Skelton-castle every Christmas day, and lead the lady of that castle from her chamber to the chai>el, to mass, and thence to her chamber again, and, after dining with her, to depart f-. * Extracted from the writings of Godf. f Circ. temp. Ric. I. vel Job. Regis. Great Bosville, of G until waite, Esq. and commuiii- Percy Chartulary, fo. 60. Collins's Peerage, cated to the editor by John Wilson, of Broom- vol. ii. p. 297, edit. 5. head, Esq. f The 433 ^ The late WoodifielJ Beckwith, Esq. (avIio as well as the editor, was a descendant of the family of Briis of Skelton-castle) died seised of an estate at Kirk Levinoton, alias Castle Levint'iou, near Yarnj, in the county of York, in the year 1770, ELKESLEY, COUM Y OF >OTTL\GHAM. John Fleming- gave to Adam de AVellum, all the meadoAV which he had between the mill of Elkeslev and the bridg-e of Twifort, paying him and his heirs, one spur§t§ (calcariam) of Lincoln, or four-pence at Christmas, for all yearly services *. §:!:§ By this it should seem that the city of Lincoln was then famous for the spurs there made. Yet the word calcaria is particular here, not occurring in this sense in Du Fresne's Glossary ■]-. But it appears from a deed sans date of the first Ralph Musard, of Staveley, com. Derb. that a spur was of the value of four- pence X ; and I remember to have seen only one spur paid as a rent on other occasions ; so we find " unum equum, unum saccum, et unum pryk in guerra Wallia; §." One spur was also common in wearing j]. Lastly, I observe, that calcarium is used for calcar ** ; and therefore, why not calcaria in tlie feminine ? However, to dissemble nothinof, and not to conclude too rashly, it is possible calcaria may signify a load of lime ; there being * Thoroton's Hist, of Nott. p. 445. where in Latin called compunctum." See liini + Calcaria in him means a lime kiln^ or again, p. 125, (antea, p. 4'26. Dylew) where lime, or a payment for burning lime. the word compunctum occurs. Hence to J A pair of gilt spurs equalled sixpence, prick means to ride. Spenser's Fairy-Queen, temp. R. Joli. Chauncey, Heitf. p. 279. lib. 1. ^ Blount's Tenures, p. 17, (antea, p. 132, |{ MS. Tale of John Le Reve, stanza 10. Kiuwaldmersh) where lie notes " pryk signi- ** Blount Ten. p. 46, (antea, p. 152, Gis- fies a goad or spur, as I suppose, and is else- sag.) S K no 434 no other authoritv but this in Thoroton, that I know of, for its importing a spur, or, I may add, for Lincoln's being remarkable for the manufacture of spurs. The hill at Lincoln is noted for lime, the stone of which the hill consists burning kindly to a calx. And as calcaria is found in the Glossaries to denote a lime-kiln, and also a payment for the burning of lime *, it may, w ithout much violence, mean a load of lime here. The rock at Lincoln, it is observed, is scarce fit for any other use than making lime, it being seldom applied for building, except where it is defended from rain and frost, the latter shivering it into small pieces or flakes, so that there is but little of it used about that noble fabric, the Minster. And as there was an easy communication from Lincoln into Nottinghamshire, and vice vers^, by water, after the fosse-dike was made in the twelfth century, lime was readily conveyed to the city from many parts of the latter. On the whole, the reader is left to judge which of these two interpretations he ought to adopt. P. RAVENSWORTIl, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the seventh year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1351, Ralph Clei'k held in capite of the lady of Ravenshelme, one mes- suage, called Fengerhouses, and sixty acres of land, with the ap- purtenances, in Ravensworth, by fealty and the service of two arrows, feathered with peacock's feathers f , yearly at Christmas f •. ^ Duar . sagittar'. pennat'. pcnnis pavonum. It is singular that these * Du Fresne, vol. ii. p. 59- Mr. Pegge's et lx acr'. terr'. cum pertiii'. in Ravensworth, Letter to the Editor, dated 13th Oct. 1781. per fid', et servic'. duar'. sagittar'. pennat'. ■]■ Radus Clerk ten', in capite de dna de Ra- pennis pavonum per annum, die Natal. Diii veoshelme unum mess, vocat'. Fengerhouses, Inquis. post inortera UadI Clerk. 7 Hatfield. should 435 should be fletclied with peacock's feathers. It was move for beauty and ornament, I presume, than any great advantage. P. Mr. Pegge is mistaken in supposing it was for beauty and orna- ment that peacock's feathers were used, for the reddish fea- thers of a peacock's wing are anxiously sought for by the archers, as they surpass every feather known for that pur- pose. W. SOFTLEY, PARISH OF PEMSTON, COUNTY OF YORK. A farm at Softley, in the parish of Peniston, in the county of York, pays yearly to Godfrey Bosville, of Gunthwaite, Esq. a w hittle % *. ^ Whittle, a knife, Chaucer. Pronounced thwittle in Cheshire and Lancashire. See Gunthwaite. E. In Timon of Athens, act v. sc. 2, Timon says to the 1st Senator ; " — for myself " There's not a whittle in the unruly camp, " But I do prize it at my love, before " The reverend'st throat in Athens." A whittle is still in the midland counties the common name of a pocket clasp knife, such as children use. Chaucer speaks of a Sheffield thwittell. Note. Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare. GUNULTHWAITE, now GUNTHWAITE, COUNTY ^ OF YORK. In the year 1588, the following rents were paid to Francis Bos- * Extracted from the writings of Godfrey cated to the editor's late father by John Wil- Bosville, of Gunthwaite, Esq. and coinoiuni- son, of Broomhtad, Esq. 3 K 2 ville, 436 ^ille, lord of this manor, ancestor of the present Godfrey Bosville, Esq. viz. Cj'eorge Bhmt, gent, paid two broode arrowes, with heades. James Biklilfe paid a paire of gloves, and Thomas Wardsworth, for Roughbankes, paid a thwittel*. EAST-SMITll FIELD, LONDON. John de Moyse, who is under age, by assize, impleads Thomas de Weylaund, and Margaret his wife, for one messuage, two mills, four acres of meadow, and forty-two shillings rent in East-Smith- tield, without Aldgate. They call to warranty Ralph de Berners, who warrants them, and says, that he claims nothing, except cus- tody, for that John, father of the said John, held of him the afore- said tenements by homage and the service of sixpence, and by findinir a certain man for him in the Tower of London, with bows and arrows, for forty days in the time of war : John says, that he holds the tenements afoi-esaid, by homage and service of certain spurs, or sixpence for all services : and so omitting many things on both sides, it will manifestly appear, by the verdict of the jury, and the judgment of the court, what Mas determined in this Assize. The jury say, that the aforesaid tenements are held of the aforesaid Ralph, by homage and service of one pair of gilt spurs, or sixpence, and by finding a certain man for the said Ralph, in the Tower of London, with bows and arrows, for forty days in the time of war, in the north angle of the Tower aforesaid, for all services : and because it was found, &c. that the said Ralph acknowledgeth in his answer, that the aforesaid heir ought to hold the same tene- ments by the aforesaid homage and service of the aforesaid spurs, * From the same writings. or 437 or sixpence, and by tlie serjeanty of finding a man for liini in the aforesaid Tower, for forty days : and it manifestly appears that petit serjeanties of this sort (which ought to ])e done for their lords, of whom they hold their tenements, by others, except them- selves) neither give nor ought to give any custody thereupon to the same lords, although the same lords, by neglect of the parents, have got the custodies of heirs within age in this manner: and the said Ralph cannot say, that he hath any seisin of the aforesaid cus- tody, unless by his own occupancy, and the neglect of the parents of the aforesaid heir of his ancestors, whilst he was within ao-e, and not by any other right; therefore, it was considered, that the said John should recover his seisin thereupon, &c., and his da- mages, &c.* * Per assisani, Johannes de Moyse, qui est infra astatem, iinplacitat Thoin. de Weylauiid, et Marg. ux. ejus, pro uno inessuag'. ii nio- lendiu'. iv acris prati, et xLUs. redd', in East Smithfield, extra Aldgate : ipsi voc'. ad warr'. Rad. de Berners, qui \A'arr'. et dicit quod nihil clamat' nisi custod'. eo quod Johannes, pater dicti Johannes, tcnuit de eo pra?dicta ten', per homag'. el servic'. vi d., et inveniendi quendam homiuem pro eo in Turr. London, cum arcu- bus et sagittis, per quadraginta dies tempore guerriE. Johannes dicit quod tenet tenemenia prajdicta per homagium et servitiuni quorun- dam calcariorum, vel vid. pro onuii servitio : et sic omitlendo niulta ex utraque parte, niani- feste patebit per vered. jur'. et per jnd'. cur', quid in hue ass', terminatum fuit. Jur'. die'. quod prffidicta tenemenla tenenl'. de pnedicto J^adulpho per homagium et servic'. unius paris calcariorum deauratorum, vel sex denar'. et jnveu'. quendam homincm pro ipso Radulpho in Turri Lond'. cum arcubus et sagittis, per XL dies tempore guerra-, in borcali angulo Turris pnedictre, pro omni servic'. Et quia compertum est, 8cc. quod Kadulphus cog- noscit in respons'. quod prajdict'. hajres tenerc debet eadem tenemen'. per pra-dict'. homag.' et servic'. pra?dict'. calcar'. vel sex denar'. et per seijantiam inveniendi unum hominem pro 60 in predicti Turri pro x L dies : et manifesto liquet, quod hujusmodi minores serjantiie qua; debeiit fieri pro dominis suis de quibus tenent tenementa sua, per alios quam seipsos nullam inde dabunt custodiam eisdem dominis, nee dare debent, licet ijdem domini infra atatem ha;redum per neghgentiam propinquorum pa- rentum hujusmodi custodias occupaverint ; et iste Radulphus non potest dedicere quod un- quam aliquam habuit seisinam de pra'dicl'. custod'. nisi per occupationcm suam et negli- geiitiam parentum pnedicti hacredis antecessoris sui duiu infra a-tatem fuit, et non alio jure, considerat'. est quod prajdict'. Johannes rec'. inde seis'. 8cc. et damn'. &c. Hil. 8 Edw. I. in Banco. Rot. 8G. '2 Inst. 6. BRAITHWELL. 438 BRAITHWELL, COUNTY OF YORK. In the seventh year of the reign of King- Richard II. 1383, Wilham Cownall hekl a tenement in Braithwell, by homage, fealty, &c. and suit of court (to the manor of Conisborough,) and by finding one footman to guard the Castle for forty days, in the time of war, at his own proper costs *. At the court held at Conisborough, the 24th of August, 13 Hen. IV. 1412, William Eylmyn did fealty to the lord, and acknowledged that he held of him one messuage, one toft, and nineteen acres of land, in Braithwell, in right of his wife, late belonging to William Cresey, by homage, fealty, and the service of ten shillings a year rent, and by suit of court to the court of Conisborough, from three weeks to three weeks, and by suit to the lord's mill at Conis- borough, &c. "Y POKERLEY, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the first year of the pontificate of bishop Skirlawe, 1388, Bertram Monboucher died seised in his demesne, &c. of divers lands and tenements, and the service of the freeholders of Pokerley, with all their appurtenances, which were held of the heirs of the * Willielmus Cownall ten', tenement', in Uraithewell, per homagium, fidelit'. &c. et sect', cur', et inveniend'. unuin hominem pedi- tuni ad warduni Castri, pro xl dies tempore guerrje, proprijs sumptibus. Ex cop. Rot. Cur. ten', apud Connes'ourgh die Mercur. vii" die Octobr., anno regni Regis Ric. II. penes edit. ■f Ad cur', ten', apud Connesburgh, xxiv die Mercuris August', anno regni Regis Hen- rici IV. post Conquestum xni, Willielmus Eylnijn fecit dno fidelit'. et cognovit se tenere de dno unum mess.,uiuim toftum, et xix acr*. terre in Braithewell, de jure uxoris ejus, luiper Willielmi Crese}', per homagium, fidelilat. et per servic'. de decern solid, per annum de reddit, et sect. cur', ad cur', de Connesburgh, ad tribus septinianas in tres sept', et secta ad molend'. diii de Connesb. &c. Ex cop. Rot. Cur. penes edit. lords 439 lords of Urpatlj, by one clove f on Si. Culhberfs day in Septem- ber §{§, for all other services*. f Clam gario[)liili. It should be written ClaiiiT, meaning clavmn gariophili, the spice called clove. P. §j.§ The 4th of September, the day of his translation. P. TJDESWELL, COUNTY OF DERBY. Sir Richard Daniel, of Tideswell, knig;ht, by his charter, without date, gave, granted, and confirmed to Master Thomas de Wynmn- deham, precentor of Lichfield, for his service, and for fifteen marks, which he o-ave him in hand, twelve acres of his land in Tideswell, to hold to him, his heirs and assigns for ever, rendering yearly to the said Sir Richard and his heirs, one pair of white gloves at Easter, and sixpence at Michaelmas, for all services -f. CARLCOATS, COUNTY OF YORK. Two farms at Carlcoats, in the parish of Peniston and coimty of York, pay to Godfrey Bosville, Esq. the one a right-hand, and the other a left-hand glove, yearly %• * Bertiamus Monboucher ob'. seis'. de do- quindeciin niarcis quas sibi dedit premanibus, minio, &c. de diversis teiris et tenement'. duodecim acras terre sue cum pertinentijs in cum servic'. libera teiient'. de Pokciley, cum Tydeswell, tenendas eideni ct heredibus suis, omnibus suis peitin'. que tenentur de haer'. vel suis assignatis imperpetuum, redilendo inde dominorum de Urpalh, per unuiii clam gario- annuatim dicto Ricardo, et heredibus suis, phili die Sancti Cuthberti in Sept. pro omnibus unam par albarum cjrotecarum ad Pascha, et alijs servic'. Inqiiis. post mortem Bcrtrami sex denar'. ad festum Sancti Alicliaelis, pro Monboucher. 1 Skirlaw. omni servitio. Ex Autographo penes Fr. Fer- •f Ricardus Daniel de Tideswell, miles, per rand Foljambe, arm. cartam suam, sine dat. dedit, concessit, et con- J Extracted from the writings of Godfrey lirmavit Magistro Thome de Wjmundeham, Bosville, of Gunlhwaite, Esq. precentori Lichtielden. pro servitio suo, et pro LAVENIIAM, 440 LAVENHAM, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. The inhabitants have a tenure of land, which Littleton, the famous lawyer, calls Borough-Engiish, viz. that the younger sons inherit the lands and tenements which their fathers had in this manor, if they happen to die intestate*. MALDON, COUNTY OF ESSEX. There is the same custom at this place, but it is limited to the young'est son -j-. LYMBURY'S, COUxNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. Lymbury's, so called from its possessors, was held under the Earls of Oxford, of the Honour of Evenyngham, by the service of holding the earl's stirrup, whenever he should mount his palfrey, in the presence of the owner of that manor X- PELAWE, COUNTY OF DURHAM. John de Birteley died (in the tenth year of bishop Bury, 1345,) seised in his demesne, &c. of twelve acres of land, with the appur- tenances, in Pelawe, which were held of Richard Pelawe in capite, by the service of paying twelve-pence to the said Richard, and one quarter of beans to the rector of the church of Boldon for the time being §. * The reference is omitted in the MS. left nio, &c. xii aci'. ten', cum pertin'. in Pe« by the editor's late father. lavve, que tenentur de Ric. Pelawe in capite, -[•Ibid. perservic'. redd', xii denar'. dicto Ricardo, et J Escheat Roll, Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. ii. iinum quarterium fabarum rectori ecclesiae de p. 216. Boldon, qui pro tempore fuit. Inquis. post § Johannes de Birteley ob'. seis'. in domi- mortem Johannis de Birteley. 10 Bury. GLMMINGHAM, 441 GDIMINGIIAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. John, Earl of Warren and Surrey, in the 12vas a capital messuage, a i)ark, eleven score acres of arable land, and was lield in free socage by the service of a bell *. WIRRAL FOREST, COUNTY OF CHESTER Randal de Meschines, the third Norman Earl of Chester, about the year 1124, conferred u})on Alan Sylvestris the bailiwick of the forest of Wirral, by the delivery of a horn, (a bugle f horn) wfiich was in the year 1751, preserved at Hooton : to this Alan Silvestris, Randal Gernouns, the fourth Norman Earl of Chester, son to Randal de Meschines, gave Stourton and Pudecan, now Puddino-- ton, in Wirral. This forest was disafforested, and the lands beo-an to be inclosed, in the reign of King Edward HI. Edric, surnamed Silvaticus, or the Forester, was the supposed ancestor of Alan Silvestris, and of the Silvesters of Stourton, foresters of Wirral. whose daughter and heiress mam-ied the head of that antlent and honourable family of the Stanleys, the descendants of which match have been for several centuries seated at Hooton in Wirral. The arms of Edric (^vho was a great warrior) on a shield argent a laroe tree torn up by the roots, vert, since born by the Silvesters of Stourton in AVirrall, are impressed on the horn f . * Bloniefield's Hist, of Norfolk, fol. edit. -f Mr. Pegge's Obsei-vati«ns on tlie Horn as vol. iv. pp. 317, 318. a Charier. Archieolog. vol. iii. p. 3, in Aniiot. 3 L f[ Bugle- 442 ^ Bugle-liorn. Perhaps from being the horn of the bjson, wild ox, or buffalo, which Dr. Littleton calls a bugle *. PRESTHILL, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the first year of the pontificate of Richard de Bury, bishop of Durham, lo35, Catherine Ilornecliffe held of the lord of Twyssil, four acres of land at Presthill, by mesne and by foreign ser- vice \m f. |§11 Per med'm et per forinsecum servicium. Intrinsic and forinsic service, are usually opposed to one another, as in Blount's Law Diet, voce Forein, and in Du Fresne voce Servicium. (See note under Ponthop, p. 285, for an explanation of foreign service.) It appears to me that med'm signifies mean service, and con- sequently answers to intrinsic service. See also Wolsyngham, p. 379. P. EDGWARE, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. The first mention I find of the manor of EdgAvare, is in the year 1171, when Henry Becointe paid one mark into the King's Ex- chequer, that he might implead William de Reymes for that ma- nor J. Soon afterwards it belonged to Ela Countess of Salisbury, daughter and heir of William D'Eureux, and wife of William Longespee, who granted it to her son Nicholas and his espoused wife, to be held of her by the service of a sparrow-hawk §. * Mr. Pegge's Observations on the Horn secum servicium. Inqiiis. post mortem Ca- as a Charter. Archseolog. vol. iii. p. 11, in tharinae Hornecliff. 1 Bury. Annot. J Mado.x's ilist. of the Exchequer, p. 296. t Catherina HornecliflF ten', de dHo de § Cart. Ant. Brit. Mus. 53, B. 12. Ly- Twjssil IV acr'. terrae per med'm, et per forin- sons's Environs of London, vol. ii. p. 242. OXSPRING, 443 OXSPRING, COUNTY OF YORK. In the year 1572, John Waynwright, of >Vyt\vclI-hall, in Ilsihim- shire (in the manor of Bolsterstone) paid to Godfrey Bosville, Esq. lord of the manor of Oxspring, " two grett brode arrows well hedyd, and barbyd ordrly."* FLOYERS HAYS, COUNTY OF DEVON. The family of Floyers were antiently seated at Floyers-hays, in the parish of St. Thomas the Apostle, near Exeter, which they held by this antient tenure, that if the Courtneys, Earls of Devon, came at any time into Ex Isle, they were to attend them decently ap- parelled, with a clean towel on their shoulders, a flaggon of wine in one hand, and a silver bowl in the other, and offer to serve them Avith drink. This tenure was confirmed with a ©rant of the land to Richard, son of Nicholas, grandson of Richard Fitz-Floyer, by Robert son of Henry and afterwards by one of the Earls of Devon -f. DURHAM, CITY OF. In the fourth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1348, Sir Jordan de Dalden, knight, died seised in his demesne, &c. of six: shillings rent, yearly, issuing out of a certain tenement which Hugh de Whittonstall held in the bailiwick of Durham, and he held it of the aforesaid Jordan, by the service of six shillings a year, and by finding the said Sir Jordan, for himself and his retinue, a sufiicient chamber and stable in the time of war^ %. ^ Tempore * Extracted from the writings of Godfrey f Flutchins's Hist, of Dorset, vol. i. p. 472. Bosville, of Gunthwaite, Esq. and coniniu- ;{; Jordaniis de Dalden, mil. ob'. seis'. in do- nicated to the editor's late father by John minico, &c. de sex solidat. reddit'. per annum, A\ ilson, of liroomhead, Esq. exeunt, de qiiodani ten', qnod Hugo de VVhit- 3 L 2 tonstall 444 ^ Tempore ouerrsc. The inhabitants of tlie county of Durham were particularly liable to war in these times, by reason of tlieir vicinity to Scotland. See Goswyk, p. 374. P. HEDSOR, COUNTY OF BUCKS. An estate in this parish, called Lambert Farm, was formerly held under the manor, by tlie service of bringing in the first dish at the lord's table, on St. Stephen's day, and presenting him with two hens, a cock, a gallon of ale, and two manchcts of white bread ; after dinner the lord delivered to the tenant a sparrow-hawk, and a couple of spaniels, to be kept at his costs and charges, for the lord's use ; a composition is now paid in lieu of this service *. BRJNNINGTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER. Tlie manor of Brinnington having been parcel of the barony of Dunham-massey, m as with other estates given by Ifamon de Massey to Robert son of Walthesh, for which the said Robert was retained to serve him in his chambers, and to carry his arms and clothes when the Earl of Chester in his own person should go to Wales ; Uamon was to find him a sumpture, a man, and a sack, whilst in his service in the army : and the said Robert was to swear, that if Hamon were in captivity, he should help to set him tree, and also help to make his son a knight, and to marry his eldest daughter, in token of which Robert gave llanion a gold ring f-. tonstall tenet in ballivo de Duiielm. et illud quis. post mortem Jordan! de Dalden, militis. teiiuit de predicto Jordaiio, per scrvic'. sex 4 Hatlield. soljdor. per aiinun), et ad invenieiid. dictum * Lysoiis's jViagnn Brit. vol. i. p. 577-8. doniiiuim Jordaiuim, pro se et suis cameram + ibid. vol. ii. p. 78J. et stabulum sufficient', tempore guerrse. In- BRADWELL, 445 BRADWELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Boydin Aylet holds four pound-hinds in Bradwell, by the hand of William do Dona, by serjeanly of the rnace *. And AVilliam Cains holds six pound-lands there, by the same . tenure f-. LATON, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the fourth year of the pontificate of bishoi) Hatfield, 1348, Peter de Brackenbiry, and Aj^nes his wife, held the manor of Laton of Robert de Mundevill and his heirs, rendering- every year to the same Robert one barbed arrow for all services J. And in the twenty-fifth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1369, Cecily, the wife of Peter de Brackenbery, died seised, «&:c. of the manor of Lalon, with the appurtenances, which were held of the heirs of Mundevill, by the service of one aiTow at entry, and if it was not given, they were to give forty-pence ^ for the said arrow §. ^ Forty-pence is a large sum for a single arrow, but I conceive it not to be so much the price of the arrow, as a forfeiture for omission. P. * Boydin Aylet tenet quatiior lib. terre in pro omnibus serviciis. Inquis. post mortem Bradwell, per nianum Willielini de Dona, per Petri de Brackenbiry. 4 Hatfield, serjantiani clavia;. Ex Lib. Rub. Scac. 137, § Cecilia, uxor Petri de Brackenbiry, ob'. Appendix to Brady's Introduction, 22. seis'. &c. de manerio de Laton, cum pertin'. t Willielmus Cains tenet sex lib. terre ibi- quod tenetur de heredibus del Mundevill, per dem, per seijantiani claviae. Ibid. servitium unius sagitte ad introituni, et si non J Petrus de Brackenbiry, et Agn'. uxor ejus, detur sagitta dabuntur XLd. pro dicta sagitta. teuuerunt maner'. de Laton de Roberto de Inquis. post mortem Ceciliac de Brackeubirv. ^lundevill et haer'. ejus, reddendo quolibet 23 Hatfield, anno eidem Roberto uuam sagittam barbntam, BISHOPS 446 BISHOP S CASTLE, COUNTY OF SALOP. ' Within the manor of Bishop's Castle, in the county of Salop, Howel de Lydom and William ap John held one yard-land, paying three shillino-s at the feast of Pentecost, and three shilling-s atMiehael- mas, or three plough-shares, three coulters, and to repair the iron work of three ploughs, at the election of the bishop's bailiffs *. ISLEIIAM, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. The manor of Isleham was held in ancient times under the Earl of Arundel, by the singular service, that, Avhenever the earl, in going to the wars, should pass Haringesmere, in this parish, the tenant should meet him, and present him with a gammon of bacon on the point of a lance f. TEMPLE TISOE, COUNTY OF WARWICK. Within the precincts of this manor is cut, upon the side of Edge Hill, the figure of a horse in a large shape, and because the earth is red, it is called the Red liorse, and gives a denomination to the fruit- ful vale about it, called the Yale of the Red Horse. The trenches about the horse are cleansed every year by a freeholder, who holds his land by that service t- ANGRE PARYA, COUNTY OF ESSEX. William de Moucel holds Little Angre, by serjeanty of being marshall of the barony of G. de Toany §. * The reference is omitted in the MSS. left § Williehuus Moucel ten'. Parvam Angre, by the editor's late father. per serjantiam marescalcia de baronia G. de f Hundred Roll, 8 Edw. I. Ljsons's Toany. Appendix to Brady's Introduction, Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 221. p. 23, :j; Dugdale's Antiquities of Warwickshire, p. 422. Bray's Tour, p. .'35. OXENIIOATIL 447 OXENIIOATII, COUXTY OF KENT. OxcnhoalU is now the property ami residence of Sir William Geary, bart. whose family obtained it by murriaf;e with the Bartho- lomews. It was anciently the property of the Coh^pepors. and was formerly held of the manor of IIoo, near Rochester, by the yearly payment of a pair of gilt spurs *. DALEMAYN, COUNTY OF CLMBEKLAND. Near Dacre is Dalemayn, the mansion-house of the Hassels, and holden of the barony of Greystock in cornao-c ^. j- f See note on Burgh on the Sands, vol. i. p. 00. This tenure by cornage was chiefly confined to lands lying adjacent to the Picts Wall, which divided England and Scotland. In this wall, it is said, there Avas a communication between turret ftnd turret, by tubes or pipes in the wall, so that notice could be immediately conveyed by the voice, and an alarm given, from one end of the Wall to the other, on the approach of an enemy ; but when the wall, and those tubes or pipes, were destroyed by the Picts and Scots, another method of giving such an alarm was, through necessity, adopted ; and that was, by sounding horns upon the frontiers on the approach of an enemy. Vide Speed's Hist. of Britain, lib, vi. cap. 17. Canid. Brit. tit. Picts Wall. ROLLESTON, &c. COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Sir Hugh de Babington and Sir Henry de Perpont held in Rolles- ton, Cottington, Barneby, and Collingham, one knight's fee, pay- * Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii. f Camd. Brit, tit. Cumberland, p. 1285. ing 418 ing for castle ward |l|jl to the Earl of Richmond yearly, ten shil- lings *. IIJII See note under Ilcighington, p. 370. CAMBERWELL, COUNTY OF SURREY. An inferior manor, by tiie name of Cambervvell, held of Camber- Avell Buckinghams, by the service of a pair of horse shoes, was the jiroperty of the Scotts f . Francis Muschamp died seised of it in 1632 j. BRADFORD, COUNTY OF YORK. This manor belono-cd to John of Gaunt, Avho orantedto John Nor- thop, of Manningham, an adjoining village, and his heirs, three mes-" suages and six borates of land, to come to Bradford, on the blowing of a horn, on Saint Martin's Day in winter, and wait on him and his heirs, in their way from Blackburnshire, with a lanee and hunting dog for thirty days, to have for yeoman's board, one penny for him- self and a halfi)enny for his dog, &c. for going with the receiver or baililF to conduct him safe to the castle of Pontefract. A de- scendant of Northop afterwards granted land in Horton to Rush- worth, of Ilorton, another* adjoining village, to hold the hound while Northop's man blew the horn. These are called hornman or hornblow lands, and the custom is still kept up : a man coming into the market-place with a horn, halbert, and dog, is met by the * Diis Hugo de Babington et Diis Henr. (before the suppression of the kiiighls de Perpont teiient in Roliiston, Cotyngton, templars) in the hands of F. F. Foljambe, of l?:vrneby, et Colyngham, I feod'. niilitis, Aldwarke, county of York, esq. »eddend'. pro warda castri x s. From an ori- -f Cole's Escheats, Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. ginal MS. roll of knights' fees, held of the No. 759, p. 25. Earl of Richmond, in the counties of Not- J Ibid. No. 758, p. 156. Lysons's Environs tingiiam and Lincoln, in the time of Edw. It. of London, vol. i. p. 72. owner 449 owner of tlie lands in Ilorton. After proclamation made, the former calls out aloud, " Heirs of Rushwortli, come hold me my hound, " whilst I blow three blasts of my horn, to pay the rent due to our " sovereijrn lord the kina:." lie then delivers the striniv to the man from Ilorton, and winds his horn thrice. The original horn, re- sembling^ that of Tutbury in Staffordshire, is still preserved, thouf>-li stripped of its silver ornaments *. SOUTH MOULTON, glim SNOW MOULTON, COUNTY OF DEVON. This town was formerly held by the Martyns, by serjeanty to find a man, with a bow and three arrows, to attend the Earl of Glou- cester when he should hunt thereabouts f-. ESSINGTON, COUNTY OF STAFFORD. The lord of the manor of Essington (either by himself, deputy, or steward) oweth, and is oblioed yearly to perform service to the lord of the manor of Hilton, a village about a mile distant from this manor. The lord of Essington (now or late the estateof St. John, esquire,) is to bring a goose every New Year's Day, and drive it round the fire, in the hall of Hilton, at least three times, (which he is bound to do as mesne lord) whilst Jack of Hilton is blowinof the fire. This Jack of Hilton is an imajre of brass, of about twelve inches high, kneeling on his left knee, and holding his right hand upon his head, and his left upon pego, or his viretrum, erected, having a little hole at the mouth, at which being filled with water, and set to a strong fire, which makes it evaporate like an * Goiigh's Camd. Biit. edit. 1789, toI. iii. f Camd. Brit. tit. Devonshire. p. 45.. 3 M aeolipile, 450 seolipile, It vents itself in a constant blast, so strongly that it is very audible, and blows the fire fiercely. When the lord of Essington has done his duty, and the other thino-s are performed, he carries his goose into the kitchen of Hilton Hall, and delivers it to the cook, who having dressed it, the lord of Essington, or his deputy, byway of further service, is to carry it to the table of the lord pai'amount of Hilton and Essington, and re- ceives a dish of meat from the lord of Hilton's table for his own mess, and so departs. This service was performed by James Wil- kinson, then bailiff to Sir Gilbert Wakering, lord of this manor of Essington, to the Lady Townsend, who was lady of the manor of Hilton, as was testified in 1G80 to Doctor Plott, by Thomas and John Stokes, two brothers, who were present at the performance of it *. THURCASTON, COUNTY OF LEICESTER. This manor (as is evident by an old feodary book) was granted by Robert Earl of Leicester, about the time of King Henry H., to William, one of his followers, to hold of him by this service, viz. to keep his faulcons ; which office gave unto his posterity the surname of Faulconer, who thereupon also bare argent three faulcons gules -f-. WILLASTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER. It appears that, at an early period, William Willaston held the manor of Willaston, and lands in Rope, Willaston, &c. in the county of Chester, by the service of finding a man and horse to * Plot's Hist, of Staffordshire, p. 423. t Burton's Hist, of Leicestershire, p. 287. ' keep 451 keep the fairs at Chester twice a year, according to the custom of the fairs *. A glove is hung out at St. Peter's church, fourteen days before the commencement of each fair, and till its conclusion. It is not improbable that the glove might allude originally to what was considered as the staple trade of the city ; in corroboration of which it may be observed, that at the 3Iidsummer show a glove was for- merly delivered by the wet glovers to the mayor, as part of their homage, and to this day it is not unusual for the glovers to present the mayor with a pair of gloves on his election j^. BERMETON, COUNTY OF DURHAM. In the fourth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 134B, Thomas de Bermeton died seised, &c. of one oxgang of land, with the appurtenances, in Bermeton, and it was held in capite of Robert de Skirnynghara, by the service of three grains of pepper yearly J. FINCHLEY, COUNTY OF 3IIDDLESEX. Sir William Marche died anno 1398, seised of an estate called the manor of Finchley, with eighty acres of land in Finchley and Hendon. He held it (jointly with William Brynkley and John Beestchurch) of Philip Pelytot, by the annual rent of a pound of pepper §. * Woodnoth's Collections, f. 237, b- per servlc'. trium granor' pip'is per ami. In- •j- Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 60G. quis. post mortem Thoma; de Bermeton. 4 J Thomas de Bermeton ob'. s'. &,c. de Hatfield. una bovat'. terrre, cum pertin'. in Bermeton, et § Lysons's Environs of London, vol. ii. p. tenetur in capite de Roberto de Skyrnyugham, 33G. 3 M 2 HUNSIIELFE, 452 HUNSIIELFE, PARISH OF PENTSTON, COUNTY OF YORK. A farm called Unshriven Bridge (viilgo Unsliveu Brigg), in Huii- shelfe, in the parish of Peniston, in the county of York, pays yearly to Godfrey Bosville, Esq. of Gunthwaite, in the same parish, two broad-headed and feathered arrows*. BROUGIITON, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. The manor of Brouffhton is held of the lord of the manor of Castor, or of Harden, a hamlet in the parish of Castor, by the fol- lowing service : on Palm Sunday, a person from Broughton attends with a new cart-whip, or whip-gad (as they call it in Lincolnshire), made in a peculiar manner ; and, after cracking it three times iu the church porch, marches with it upon his shoulder through the middle aisle into the choir, where he takes his place in the lord of the manor's seat. There he remains till the minister comes to the second lesson : he then quits the seat with his gad, having a purse that ouf»-ht to contain thirty silver pennies (for which, however, of late years, half a crown has been substituted) fixed to the end of its lash, and kneelinjr down on a cushion, or mat, before the read- ino* desk, he holds the purse, suspended over the minister's head, all the time he is reading the second lesson ; after which he returns to his seat. The whip and purse are left at the manor house. Some ino-enious persons have devised a reason for every circumstance of this ceremony : they suppose that the thirty pennies are meant to signify the thirty pieces of silver, mentioned in the second lesson, * Extracted from the writings of Godfrey Bosville, Esq. which 453 which Judas received to betray his master ; that the three cracks of the whip in the porch aUudc to Peter's denying Christ thrice, &c. &.C. * CIlIXGl ORD, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Gilbert de Ecclesia was obh^ed, bv the tenure of his lands, to find a man to gather nuts for the lord of the manor. In a survey of this manor (St. Paul's), made about the year 1245, two payments are mentioned called wodeselver, and averselver^, (a composition for labour) f. % See note under West Aukland, p. 365. NORTH AVALSIIAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. William de St. Clere, who had a moiety of the inheritance of Sir Richard Butler in this county and town, conveyed it by fine, in the 57th of King Henry HI., to A\ illiam, sou of William de Heving- ham, to be held of him and his heirs, by the service of a sparrow- hawk. This extended into Swafield, Worsted, and Westwick ; William, son of Reymer, had an interest therein, Beatrix, his wife, being the relict of Sir Nicholas Butler, she being in court, and doing homage §i§ with the said William ; wliich shows how strict the law of homage was at that time |. ^f-§ Homage. See note on Shouldham, p. 402. CHESTER, CITY OF. A record, entitled, " The Claims of the Citizens of Chester," • Gent. Mag. vol. Ixix. p. 940. % Parkins's edit. Blomefield's Hist, of Nor- t Lib. pilos, f. 40, a. Lysous's Environs folk, vol. xi. p. 74. of London, vol. iv. p. 131. after 454 after reciting their claim to various privileges and immunities, states that there were certain customary tenants of the city, sixteen in numher, who, by their tenure, were bound to watch the city three nights in the year, which are specified, and also to watch and bring up felons and thieves condemned, as well in the court of the justiciary of Chester, in the county there, as before the mayor of Chester in full crownmote, as far as the gallows, for their »afe conduct and charge, under the penalty which thereto attaches ; for which services the said customary tenants had certain privileges and exemptions *. GIMMIiXGIIAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. In this manor the antient custom of socage is still kept up ; the tenant not paying his rent in money, but in so many day's work-j'. WEALDS OF KENT. The lords of the wood in the wealds of Kent, used to visit those places in summer-time, when their under-tenants were bound to prepare little summer-houses for their reception, or else pay a composition in money, called summer-hus silver 4^. SOUTH MALLING, COUNTY OF ESSEX. In an old rental of this manor, mentioned by Somner in his Treatise on Gravelkind, mention is made of a service called ser- vitium liberum armorum, which was a service done by feudatory * Black Book of the City of Cliester, p. J Custum. de Sitlingbourne, MS. Jacob's 27- Lvsons's Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 571. Law Diet. verb. Summer-Hus Silver, t Camd. Brit. 467. tenants, 455 tenants, wlio were called liberi homines, and distinnuishcd from vassals as was their service, for they were not bound to any of the base services of plouj^hint^ the lord's land, &c. but were to find a man and a horse, or go with the lord into the army, or to attend his court, &c. * EDGWARE, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. Gilbert de Grauncestre held a hundred acres of land, under the manor of Edgwarc, anno 1328, by the service of a pair of oilt spurs ; and William Page fifty acres by the rent of a pound of cummin -f-. CARLETON juxta ROTIIWELL, COUNTY OF YORK. William Hunt, of Carleton by RoUiwcll, holdeth freely from all services and demands (except one rose in the time of roses, if demanded) in Carleton aforesaid, one capital messuage, six curti- lages, four cottages, two carneals (carucates) of land and meadow, and six assarts ^, inseparable at all times in the year, with their appurtenances, of the Earl of Lincoln (Henry de Lacy), as of his manor of Rothwell, and the same William and his heirs shall have and for ever enjoy, in the manor of the said earl there, without the park there, a leash of greyhounds and six hounds, and the said William and his heirs shall be ready and prepared, when they shall be required by the forester there for the time being of the aforesaid earl, and his heirs, with the greyhounds and hunting hounds afore- * Somner on Gavelkind, p. 56. Jacob's + Lysons's Environs of London, vol. ii. p. Law Diet. lit. Servitium liberum. 244. said. 456 said, to hunt and kill fat venison of the aforesaid earl and his heirs, in venison season, in the said park *. ^ See note under Urpath, p. 371. BRIMINGTON, COUNTY OF DERBY. Geofferv, son of William de Briminorton, o;ave, jrranted, and confirmed to Peter, son of Hugh de Brimington, one toft, with the buildings, and three acres of land in the fields there, with twenty pence yearly rent, which he used to receive of Thomas, son of Gilbert de Bosco (Wood), with the homages and services, reliefs and escheats, rendering yearly to him and his heirs a pair of white gloves, of the price of an halfpenny, at Christmas, yearly, for all services -j-. COIETY, COUNTY OF GLAMORGAN. In the year lOOC, the Earl of Leicester paid six shillings and eight-pence, rent of ward and castle-guard silver, to Lord Windsor, for his lordship of Coiety |.. FOULBECK, &c. COUNTY OF LINCOLN. Sir Roger de Hyngoldyeby held in Foulbeck, Hetham, Westby, and Heryerby, three knight's fees, rendering yearly to the said earl for Castle W^ard thirty shillings §. * Ex Record. 13 Edw. VI. ^ Dns Rogerus de Hyngoldyeby tenet in •y From a MS. without dute in the hands Foulbeck, Heihani, Westby, et Herierby, of F. F. Foljanib, Esq. tria feoda militis redd', pro ward Castri xxxs. + Ex MS. Supervis. capt. anno 1666, in from the same, custod. authoris libri cui. lit. " Complete Eng- lish Copyholder." CAWSTON, 451 CAWSTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. The whole town is anticnt demesne, and enjoys the privileges of that tenure, as also those of the Duchy of Lancaster, of which this manor is a member, and consequently within its liberty, but was exempted from the jurisdiction of the duchy by John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster : in token whereof at this day a brazen gauntlet (or hand) is still carried before the lord of the manor, or his steward whenever they hold court here, on the same day, as the device or rebus of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, who assigned all the royalties to be held of him by the lords of the manor ; and the plow coulter in the hand denotes the manor to be held in free socage and not in capite, or by knight's service. This I take to be the real fact, though there are other accounts that say, that this manor was held of the duchy, from its first erection, by the service of being Champion to the Dukes of Lancaster, of which office the gauntlet is a token, it being the very thing which every one that challenges another to fight, according to the law of arms, throws down, and if the challenged takes it up, tjie combat is agreed on, and now the sending and accepting a glove (the gauntlet being the iron glove of a suit of armour) is the way of giving and accepting an honorable challenge*. LITTLE CHARLTON, COUNTY OF KENT. Daniel de Charleton possessed this manor in the reion of Klnt*- Edwai'd TL as did his descendant John de Charleton, in the twentieth year of King Edward 111. when he paid respective aid * Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. iii. p. 538. 3 N for 458 for it, at the making the Black Prince a knight, as one knight's fee, which he held of William de Leybourne PLIMPTON, COUNTY OF DEVON, The capital seal and barony of the Redversies, or de RIpariis, now called Rivers. It was given to them by King Henry I. and they had a castle here, of which many tenants held their lands adjoining by a certain tenure, which the lawyers called Castle Garde, because they were bound to defend it and repair the walls of it when it was needful f. STOKELYNCH-OSTRICER, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. In the 14th Richard II. John Denbaud held at his death the manor of Stokelynch-Ostricer, with the advowson of the church, of the Earl of Huntington, as of his manor of Haselborough, by the service of keeping a hawk (ostrum) every year, till it should be completely fit for service. And when the said hawk should be so fit, he was to convey it to the lord's manor-house, attended by his wife, together with three boys, three horses, and three greyhounds, and to stay there forty days at the lord's expence, and to have the lady's second-best gown for his wife's woi'kj. ROWEMIALLE, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Ralph Scales gave the Knights Templars one hundred and sixty-two acres of arable, three of meadow, and five of pasture, in Rowenhalle. And they had other lands here : the tenant of * Hasted's Hist, of Kent, vol. ii. p. 419. + Collinsou's Hist, and Autiq. of Somer- ■\ Magna Britanuia, vol. i. p. 469. setshire, vol, iii. p. 115. some 459 some of which was to eat in lieu of all services. " Manducahit pro omni servitio *." CLIFTON, COUNTY OF WESTMORLAND. In the 40th Edw. III. Gilbert de Engaine gives fo William Wybergh and Elianore his wife, and the heirs of their bodies lawfully begotten, his whole moiety of a moiety of the manor of Clifton, in demesne and in services, with the services of free tenants, and with the bondmen (cum nativis et coram sequelis^) in the said moiety of the moiety of the said manor belonging, where we may observe that the free tenants (liberi tenentes) were not what are now called freeholders, as seised of a freehold estate, in opposition to tenant right ; but only that they were not bondmen or villains of the lord holding in drengage -j-. % Et eorum sequelis. The retinue and appurtenances to the goods and chattels of villains, which were at the absolute disposal of the lord. In former times, when any lord sold his villain, it was said, " Dedi B. nativum meum cum tota sequela sua," which included all the villain's offspring. Paroch. Antiq. p, 216. 288. Jac. Law Diet. And in the I8th Hen. YHI. Thomas Wyborgh, Esq. held of Henry Earl of Cumberland the manor of Clifton, by cornage ^, owing also wardship, marriage, relief, and suit to the county court; owing also further, by the custom of the Castle of Burgham, twenty- one quarters and a half of oats issuing out of the manor aforesaid, which custom is called Dringage X- ^ See note under Ileighington, p. 379. * Monast. Angl. vol. ii. pp. 526. 543, &c. + Burn's Hist, and Antiq. of Westmorland Moraut's Hist, of Essex, vol. ii. p. 149. and Cumberland, vol. i. p. 41". J Ibid. p. 418. 3 N 2 THORPE, 460 THORPE, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. The prior of Kyme, in the county of Lincoln, holds two caru- cates of land in Thorpe, by the service of ten pounds of money yearly, for aid to the sheriff f *. <|f Auxilium vice-comitum. The aid or customary dues paid to the sheriff for the better support of his office. Kennett, and see note under Refhop, p. 358. GRENDON, COUNTY OF BUCKS. Aniory de St, Amand held the manor of Grendon, in the county of Bucks, and the advowson of the church of Beckley, in the county of Oxford, by the petty serjeanty of furnishing the lord of the honor with one bow of ebony and two arrows, yearly, or sixteen pence in money -f-. SAXBY BONDBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN. Richard de Grey and Matilda de Seretaand and Geoffery Con- stantyn, held the whole town of Saxby Bondby of William Solers, for their service to cross over the sea with him, at his costs, into Normandy, for forty days J. * Prior de Kirae, com. Line, tenet duas J Ricardus de Grey et Matilda de Sere- carucatas terras in Thorpe, per servitium xl taand, et Galfridiis Constantyn tenent totam denariorum per annum, ad auxilium vice-co- villam de Saxby Bondeby de Willielmo Solers, niitis. Men. Ang. torn. ii. p. 245, a. Ken- pro servicio suo ad transfretand'. cum eo ad nett's Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. v. Auxilium. custum suum in Normand. per xl dies. In- t Gul. Dugd. MS. A. 1. p. 177. Kennett's quis. facta in Wapentagio de Walscroft. Harl. Paroch. Anliqs. p. 358. . MS. Brit. Mus. No. 3875, p. 83. NORWOOD, 461 IIORWOOD, COUNTY OF LANCASTER John Bradshaw held one acre and a half of land, &c. in the town of llorwood, of Sir Edward Trafl'ord, knight, in socage, by rendering one iron arrow to be paid yearly, and it was worth three shillings and four-pence *. NIEVETON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. Richard Wrotham held of Roger Stawle (wo yard-lands ^ in Nieveton, by the service of one white rod f-. % Virgata terrae. See note on Nether Overton, p. 130. MAGNA GATESDENE, COUNTY OF HERTFORD. Alan la Zouche held the manor of Great Gatesdene, with the advowson of the same church, of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, as of the inheritance of Alicia his wife, by the service of one knight's fee, and rendering one pair of gloves furred with grise §§, at Christmas '^. §§ See note on Lyndeby, p. 189. * Joliannes Bradshaw ten'. 1 aci'. et dim', cum peitiii". in villa de Horwood, de Edw. Traffoid milite, in soc. per redd'. 1 sagitt. ferri annuatim solv. val. 3 s. 4 d. A° 2 Edw.VI. Tenures, &c. co. Lancaster. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2085, p. 486. t Ricardus de Wrotham tenuit de Rogero Stawle, in Nieveton, ij virgat'. terr'. per serv'. luiius albe virge. Abridgm. luquis. post mortem, co. Somerset. Anno 35 Hen. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 4120, p. 2. J Alanus la Zuscheten'.manerium de Magna Gatesdene, cum advocacone eiusdem ecclesiae, de Thoma Comite Lancastriae, ut de liere- ditate Alesiae uxoris sue, per servicium unius feodi milit'. et reddendo unum par ceroce- tarum furretar' de griso, ad liii Natalis diii. Inquis. p. m. Alani le Zuche. Anno 7 Edw. II. Ibid, No. 6126, p. 10. CRENDON, 4G2 CRENDON, COUNTY OF BUCKS. Robert, son of William Crenel of Crendon, holds one liundred shillings of land there of the Earl of Pembroke, by the service of one ehaplet of roses at Christmas, and pays no escuage ^ *. % Escuage. See note on Lighthorn, p. 313. WILMINTON, COUNTY OF KENT. Robert de Wilminton holds a serjeanty of the honor of Bologne and Wilumton, which was worth yearly two marks, and he holds it by the serjeanty of being cook of the Earl of Bologne f . MIDLETON, COUNTY OF LANCASTER. The prior of Norton held the town of Midleton by the service of the fourth part of one knight's fee, and of finding one judger in the court of Halton every fortnight |:. BUDWORTH, ASHTON, &c. COUNTY OF CHESTER. John Sutton holds the towns of Budworth and Ashton, near Bud worth, two oxgangs of land in the town of Lower Tubbeley, and a certain parcel of the handet of Lith, with a third part of the town of Higher Tubbeley, by the service of one knight's fee, and * Robertus, filius WillielmiCreuel, de Cren- tiam quod sit cocus com. Bononie. Temp, don, tenet c solid, terre per servic'. unius ca- Regis Hen. III. Testa de Nevil. Harl. MS. pelie de rosis ad Natal, nee dat scutag. Te- Brit. Mus. No. 313, p. 10. nures co. Bucks tempore Kegis Hen. HI. % Prior de Norton ten', vill. de Midleton Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 313, p. 44. per servic'. 4 partis feod. milit'. et per servic'. i" Robertus de Wilminton tenet unam ser- inveniendi unumjudicatorem in cur', de Halton jantiamde honore Bonn et Wilumton, et valet de quindina in quindina. Extenta Castri de per annum ij marc, et tenet illam per serjan- Halton, SEdvv.UI. Ibid. No. 2115, p. 109. by 4G3 by finding one jndgcr§§ in the court of Ilalton every fortnight, for his tenements in Budworth ; and for his other tenements he did suit by aflbrciament ||§|| *. ^ Judoer. See note on Ilavvardyn and Bosele, p. 229. |1§|| Afforciamentum curire. The calhng of a court upon a solemn and extraordinary occasion. Cowel's Interpreter. AfTorcia- mentuni. A forcing or compelHng to do something. Ainsworth's Diet. Law Lat. sub. voce. ELDRESFELD, COUNTY OF AVORCESTER. Richer de Eldresfeld holds one hide of land in Eldresfeld, of the honor of Gloucester, of the gift of Robert Earl of Gloucester, by the service of providing him with hose of scarlet on his birth- day f. BERY, COUNTY OF DEVON. Geoffery de la Worthy holds one tenement, four acres of land and a half, and two gardens, (of Henry de la Pomeray) in Bery, render- ing at Easter and Midsummer five shillings and nine-pence, and one pound of wax and three capons, the price of the wax sixpence, and of the capons one penny :J:. * Johannes Sutton tenet villas de Biiclworth ter'. in Eldresfelrl, de honore Gloiic'. de dono et Ashton juxta Budworth, 2 bovat'. terr'. in Robert! com. per servicium serviendi in rubeis villa de Tubbeley inferior! et quandam parti- caligis die nat'. Testa de Nevil, p. 43. cula'r. hamletti de Lilh, et 3 partem villae de J Galfridus de la Worthy tenet unum ten'. Tubbeley superior, per servic'. 1 feod. mil. iiij ac's terre et dim', duo gardin' r'. ad Pasch'. inveniend. unum judicatorem in curia de Hal- et ad nat'. bi'. Johannis liaptiste vs. ix den', ton, de quindena in quin'm pro ten', in Bud- j libram cere et iij capon', p't cere vi den', ■worth, et pro alijs ten', suis facit sect', per p't capon', id. Extent', terrarum et ten', afforciamentum. Extent, at supra. Henrici de la Pom'ay in Bery, in com, De- f Richerius de Eldresfeld tenet j hydam von, &c. Ibid. p. 185. SECT. 4G4 SECT. V. Of Lands held hy Villenage Tenure *. BRAYLES, COUNTY OF WARWICK. In King Edward the First's time, Adam Underwood held one yard-land ^ in Brayles, in the county of Warwick, of Wilham, Earl of Warwick, paying therefore seven bushels of oats yearly and a hen, and working for the lord, from Michaelmas till Lammas, every other day, except Saturday, viz. at mowing, as long as that season lasted, for which he was to have as much grass as he could carry away with his scythe ; and at the end of hay-harvest, he and the rest of his fellow mowers, to have the lord's best mutton, except one, or sixteen-pence in money, with the best cheese, saving one, or sixpence in money, and the cheese-vat, wherein the cheese was made, full of salt. From Lammas to Michaelmas, he was to work two days in the week, and to come to the lord's reap with all his household, except his wife and his shepherd, and to cut down one land of corn, being quit of all other work for that day. That he should likewise carry two cart loads and an half of the lord's hay, and seven cart-loads of stones for three days, and gather nuts for three days. And in case the lord kept his Christmas at his manor of Brayles, to find three of his horses meat for three nights. That he should plough thrice a-year, viz. six selions .j^t, and make three quarters of malt for the lord, and pay for every hog he kept above a year old a penny, and for every one under, a halfpenny. And * For the nature of the tenure in villenage, see Litt. Tenures, lib. 2, cap. 11, and Coke's Comment thereon. lastly, 405 lastly, that lie, and the rest of the tenants of this manor, should give twelve marks yearly to the lord at Michaelmas, by way of aid, and not marry their dajiohicrs, nor make their sons priests \\l\\, without licence from the lord *. ^ Yard-land. The fourth part of an acre, in some places, is called a yard-land, and half an acre is a selion, Kdw. lil. 470. In End IIORSEPOLL, COUNTY OP NOTTINGHAM. The tenants of these manors held their lands by these customs * Leges Wallicae, 82. § Gentoo Laws, 268, &c. Pennant's Tour t Tacit, de Mor. Germ. in Wales, 1773, pp. 221, 454, &c. X Leges Sax. 40, 132. and and services. Every native, or villain, (wliicli were such as we now call husbandmen) paid each a cock and a hen, besides a small rent in money, for a toft and one bovate of land, held of Uie priory of Thurgarton. These cocks and hens were paid the second day ire Christmas, and that day, every one, both cottagers and natives, dined in the hall, and those who did not, had a white loaf and a. flagon of ale, with one messe from the kitchen. Every villain gave a halfpenny towards cleansing the niill-dani. The freeholders were bound to tribus arruris (three plough-days) for the lord with one plough, which were then valued at twelve-pence, and likew ise three days work in harvest, the first day w ith one man, the second day with two, and the third day with five workmen, and one of them- selves in person, and every day to have their refection. The na- tives were likewise bound to give three plough-days each, and every plough was to be allowed four boon loaves, and to harrow three days, and every harrower was allowed a brown Foaf, and two her- rings a day. Likewise all the natives and cottagers were to reap every other day in harvest ; the first day every two were to have one brown loaf and two toillects f , the second day two brown Itjaves and one toillect, and afterwards every two men to have every day three brown loaves •; and on the day of the great bidrepe |.§1:, whielt was called the prior's boon, every native was to find three workmen, and the cottager one. Every of the said natives were to make carriage from the forcion ffranjres thrice a year, each wiili one horse, and every time to have a miche ||*||, or white loaf; and all the reapers in harvest, which were called hallewimen [|], were to eat in the hall one day in Christmas, or afterwards, at the discretion of the ccl- lerer ^. Likewise every naif^t, or she villain, that took a husband, or committed fornication, paid merchet^§, for redemption of her blood, five shillings and four-pence, and the daughter of a cottager paid 478 paid but half a mercliet. And every native paid for pannage of every swine in the park, three-pence, &c. * ^ Toilleets. These must be something to eat, perhaps tripes for V. Cotgrave, voce Toile. P. X^\. Bidrepe. See note under Iliklslcy, p. 415. 11*11 Miche. A loaf. Fr. 52 Hen. III. Michia idem est quod mica, et Gallicum IJNE miche, panis nempe parvulus sive ut nos Angli, a manchet. — Hearne's Lib. Nig. Scacc. Oxf. 1728, vol. ii. pp. 654, 655. W^ Hallevvimen. I conjectured that these might be holy women. So called because they worked for the priory or religious house of Thurgarton. For such persons within the bishopric of Dur- ham as held their lands by the service of defending the corpse of St. Cuthbert, were called IJalywercfoik, and claimed the privilege of not being forced to go out of the bishopric, either by the king or bishop. Hist, of Dunelm. apud Whartoni Ang. Sac. par. I. p. 719. Jac. Law Diet, sub voce Ilalywercfolk. But the learned Mr. Pegge says this can have nothing to do with women; as he thinks the word should be divided IJallewi-meo, so called either from leaving their liarvest work at All-saints, i. e. All- Hallows, or rather perhaps from being entitled to the Christmas entertainment in the hall of the priory. S5= Cellerer. Was an office in a monastery, who kept and delivered out the victuals, &c. to the friars or monks (qui fratrum sti- * Heg. Priorat, de Thurgarton, cited by Dr. Thoroton in his Antiq. of Nottinghamshire. Blomit, 142. pendia 479 pcndiii servat et adininistrat.) MS. Blouiit's Law Diet, voce CV'lerarius. +4: Naif. Nativa. A bond-woman or slie-villain. Blount's Law Diet, voc. Neif. §§ Merchet. Tlie same as Ammobragium. See p. 474. FJSKERTON and MORETON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Tlie custom was here for the natives and cottagers to plough and harrow for the lord, and to work one boon-day for him every week in harvest, when every two workmen had three boon-loaves with companage [*] allowed them. Each customary tenant in Fiskerton and xMoreton, one day in the year found a man to cleanse the dam of Fiskerton 3Iill. If any ale-wife brewed ale to sell, (si quis braciatrix braciaverit cerevisiam) she was bound to satisfy the lord for Tolsestcrf . If any native or cottager sold a male youno-- ling after it was weaned, he paid four-pence to the lord as a fine; or killed a swine above a year old, he paid the lord one penny, which was called Thistletac §§§. Every she-native that married, or- committed fornication, paid for redemption of her blood (pro redemptione sanguinis) five shillings and four-pence to the lord, which was in lieu of merchetta mulierum X^X^- [*J Companage. See note under Apelderham, p. 472. ^ Tolsester. A fine for licence to brew. A. See Blount's Law Diet, in verbo. E. 5( Thistletac. See Jac. Law Diet, in verbo. But quaere, whether he be not in an error respecting this word ; and further, quaere, * Reg. Priorat. de Thurgaiton. Blount, I jj. what 480 what Is the meaning of it. Mr. Pegge conjectures that the word is mis-read for Thristletac, and that it means the bringing of the swine to the threstle, whereon it was to be laid when killed. t§t Merehetta Mulierum. Whether from mark, a horse in the old Gallique, (implying the obscene signification of equitare) as Mr. Selden thinks, or from marca, the sum of money by which it was afterwards commonly redeemed, I cannot deter- mine. Blount. More likely the latter ; but see Ammobragium, p. 474, and Mercheta, p. 483, E. EAST AND WEST ENBORNE, COUNTY OF BERKS. The manors of East and West Enborne, in the county of Berks, have this custom ; that if a copyhold tenant die, the widow shall have her free-bench ^ in all his copyhold lands, whilst she con- tinues sole and chaste (dum sola et casta fueri<) ; but if she commits incontinency, she forfeits her widow's estate ; yet, after this, if she comes into the next court held for the manor, riding backward upon a black ram, with his tail in her hand, and says the words following, the steward is bound by the custom to re- admit her to her free-bench. " Here I am^ " Riding u[)on a black ram, " Like a whore as I am ; " And for my crincnm crancum, " Have lost my bincum bancum; " And for my tail's game, " Am brought to this worldly shame, *♦ Therefore, good Mr. Steward, let me have my lands again*." * Blount, 144. f Free- 481 f Free-bench (iVanc-bank, francus bancus, i. e. sedes libera), is that estate in copvliold lands, Avhich the wife, being espoused a virgin, hath, after the death of her husband, for her dower, according to the custom of the manor, &c. Sec Blount's Law Diet. tit. Free-bench. TORRE, COUNTY OF DEVON. There is the like custom in this manor, and other parts of the west *. ORLETON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. At Orleton, in the county of Hereford, the relict of a copyhold tenant is admitted to her free-bench, that is, to all her husband's copyhold lands, during her life, the next court after her husband's death f-. KILMERSDON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. At Kihnersdon, in Somersetshire, by the custom of the manor, the wife has widow's estate, Avhich she loseth if she marries, or is found incontinent ; but to redeem this last, if she come into the next court, riding asti-ide upon a ram, and in open court do say to the lord, if he be present, or to his steward, these words, " For mine a — e's fault take I this pain, " Therefore, my lord, give me my land again," She is by the custom to be restored to it, without further fine, doing this penance t. * Blount, 144. % MS. penes Sam. Roper, arm. Blount, f Blount's Law Diet, tit, Free-bench. 14y. Leland's Itin. vol. iii. p. 106. 3 Q BRUG, 482 BRUG, OR BURG, COUNTY OF SALOP. Be it known, that when any custoniarY tenant of the manor of Burg, in the county of Salop, dies, the bishop is to have his best beast, all his swine, bees, whole bacon, a younjr cock, a whole piece of cloth, a brass pan, a rundlet |§|. of ale, if it be full. And if he marries his dauohter out of the fee, he was to o-ivo three shillings. Also he was to give for every lierwyte^ff, two shil- lings *. :|:§|. Tenella, or tonella cervisiie, is a little tun, tub, or rundlct of ale. Blount. ^ Lierwyte, or lairwyte (from the Saxon lasan, concubere, to lie together, and wite mulcta, a fine) signifies a fine, or mulct, by the custom of some manors imposed upon offenders in adultery or fornication, and due to the lord of the manor. Blount. See Ammobragium, p. 474, and Merclictta Mulierum, p. 480, and Oras, in the next page. E. BERK-HOLT, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. The men of Berk-holt, in the county of Suffolk, say, that in the time of King Henry, grandfather of our lord the present King, (Henry HL) they used to have this custom ; that when they would marry their daughters, they used to give to the lord for licence so to do, two Ores [*], which were worth thirty-two pence -j^ [*] Oras. ^ Sciendum est, quod quando aliqiiis custo- quaudo niuiitabit filiain extra feodum, dabit marius manerii de Burg, in comitatu Salop, tres solidos ; dabit eliam pro quaiibet lier- moritur, episcopus liabebit melius averium, vyte ii s. Liber ruber Castri Episcopi. omues porcos, apes, bacoiieni integrum, pul- Elount, 145. lum masculuin, pannum integrum, ollam f Homines de Berk-holt, in com. Suffolk, ;enani, tenellam cervisiie, si sit plena. Et dicunt quod tempore Regis Ilenrici, avi domini 483 [*] Oras. Here these ores (which were Saxon coins) are declared to bo in vahie of our money, sixteen-peuce a-piece ; but after, by the variation of the standard, they vahied twenty-pence a-piece. And this fine for the tenant's uiarryino: their daugh- ters (j)ro filiabus suis maritandis) was, without doubt, in Heu of the niercheta§§ muHeruni, or first night's lodging ^vith the bride, which the lord anciently claimed in some manors. Blount. §§ Mercheta (of the Scottish feuds in particular), is certainly British. This term, which has given occasion to that fiction of folly in the best histories of Scotland, that the lord had a privilege to sleep w ith the bride of his vassal, on her wedding night; which has been explained by derivations equally obscene and stupid, is apparently nothing more than the mcrch-ed of IIowel-Dha, the daughter-hood, or the fine for the marriage of a daughter. Whitaker's Hist, of Manchester, lib. 1. cap. 8. sect. 3. p. 265. In Blomefield's Ilist. of Norfolk, vol. iv. p. 221, it is stated (under the article Wretton), that in the 24th lien. HI., there was a suit carried on by the prior of Shouldhani, whose manor of Cavershani extended therein, the prior claiming merchettam (for a marriage) from William de la Ferte of this town, who, proving himself a freeman and no villan, was acquitted. Blome- field explains merchetta to be the fine of a mark, paid to be free from a savage custom in many manors, for the lord to lie the first night w ith the bride of his tenant. domini Regis nunc, solebant habere taleni filiabus suis maritandis duas oras, quae valent consuetudiuem, quod quando maritare vole- xxxii deuarios. Plac. coram. Kege. Mich. bant tjl.as iua.«, so!» bant dare (domino) pro o7 Hen. III. Rot. 4. Blount, U'.y. 3 Q 2 Many 481 Many estates in the manor of Great Tey, in the county of Essex, were subject to the niercheta nnilieruni, which custom has commonly been supposed to be a right which the lord had of passing- the first night after marriage with his female villan. " The best historians," says Mr. Astle *, " as well as several foreign authors, have given many marvellous particulars con- cerning this custom ; but, on diligent enquiry, I am of opinion, that this kind of intercourse between the lord and his female villain never existed. I am persuaded the mercheta was a compact between the lord of the manor and his villan, for the redemption of an offence committed by the unmarried daughter of his a assal ; but more generally it was a fine paid by a sokeman, or a villan, to his lord, for a licence to marry his daughter ; and if the vassal gave her away without ob- taining such licence, he was liable to pay a fine. The probable ,. reason of the custom appears to have been this. Persons of loAV rank residing on an estate, were generally either ascripti glebee, or were subjected to some species of service similar to the ascripti glebai ; the tenants were bound to reside on the estate, and to perform several sen ices to the lord. As women necessarily followed the residences of their husbands, the consequence was, that when a woman of low rank married a stranger, the lord was deprived of part of his live stock ; he therefore required a fine to indemnify him for the loss of his property. In process of time, this conqiositiou Avas thrown into the aggregate sum of quit rents, as appears by an ancient survey of this manor." * Illustrations of the Tenures and Customs and Britton's Beauties of England and Wales, of this Manor, by Mr. Astle; printed in the vol. v. pp. 338-9. Arcliaeologia, vol. xii. pp. 25. 40. Brayley UECHAM, 4m IIECIIAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. In tlic soke of Ilecham, in the county of Norfolk, arc twcnfy- four luisbandnien ^, the custom of Avhoni it is, fliat every one of them ought to work from Michaehnus to autunni, every week for one day, either with a fork, or with a spade .{§|., or a flail §§, at the pleasure of the lord, with a corredy at noon [*], and one loaf at evening ; or if this Avork was dispensed wiUi, every one of them was to give in lieu of it sixpence *. % Lanceta?, The learned Spelman says, these lanceta3 were hus- bandmen ; but of an unknown sort (agricola) qusedam, scd ignotai specie!). Gloss. Blount. :[.§|. Besca. A spade or spittle, from the French bescher, to dig or delve. Blount. §§ Flagellum. A Hail. Blount. [*] Cum corredio ad nonam, signifies meat and drink, or dinner, at noon. Blount. Corrodium, or corredium. A corodv, was a sum of money, or allowance of meat, drink, and cloathing, due to the king from an abbey or other house of religion, m hereof he was founder, towards the reasonable s.ustenance of such an one of his servants or vadelets, as he thouoht o-ood to bestow it on. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Corody. E. And was o-ranted very commonly to subjects, as well as to the king. P. * In soca de Ilecham, in coniitatu Nor- domini, cum corredio ad nonam, et uno pane folk, sunt xxiv lancets; consuetudo eoruni ad vcsperam, vol si eis remittitur hoc opus, est, at unusquisque eorum debet operari a quisque eorum dabit pro hoc opere sex de Sancto Michaele usque ad autiunpnuui una- iiarios. Customar. Prior Levvensis. Blount, quaque i.ebdomada per unam diem, sive cum 140". furca, sive cum besca, vcl j^agcllo, ad libitum BOSBURY, 486 BOSBURY, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. W. M. holJs nine acres of customary land in Bosbury, in the county of Hereford, and a certain water-mill, at the will of the lord, and owes certain customs, viz. tak ^, and toll [*], and faldfey ;§+, and to buy his blood ||§|| *. f Tak. A tax. See Madox, Forniid. p. 188, and Du Fresne voce Tae, and Tacus. P. Tak, or tack. In Scotland, is applied to an annual payment or lease, so that tak means a certain annual sum for right to the use of the mill, and a toll, a certain rate or duty, when the right is at any time exercised. W. [*] Toll. A tribute or custom paid for passing, buying, selling, &c. Blount's Law Diet, in verbo. t^l Faldfey. I suppose this faldfey may signify a fee or rent paid by the tenant to his lord, for leave to fold his sheep on his own ground. Blount. il§|| Sanguinem suum emere. I suppose by this was meant that the tenant, being a bond-man, should buy out his villanous blood, and make himself a freeman. Blount. HONINGTON, COUNTY OF WARWICK. The tenants of the manor of Honington, in the county of War- wick, were by antient custom to perform several services to the lord, every other day, from Midsummer to Michaelmas. To pay * W. M. tenet noveni acras terrae custo- mini, et debet quasdani consuetudines, viz. tak mariae in Bosbuiy in com. Heref. et quoddam et toll, et faldfey, et sanguinem suum emere. moleadinum aquaticum ad \oluntatem do- Liber niger Hcref. fo. loS. Blount, 155. six 487 six shillings and eight-pence yearly lor maintenance of the lord's corn cart, and none of them to sell his horse-coll without licence from the lord *. HAMPTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. The tenants at Hampton-Bishop, in the county of Hereford, were to get yearly six horse loads (summas f ) of rods or wattles, in the hay ]:§:{: wood near Hereford, and bring them to Hereford, to make booths 1)11 at the fair, when they should be required; and for every load (summa) of the said rods, they were to be allowed a halfpenny at the fairs ■]•. f Summas virgarum. Horse loads of rods, or wattles. Blount. See Summa A venae, note under Felstcde, p. 137. :|§|. Haya juxta Hereford. See p. 242. Ill] Cletas. Booths. A. Hurdles to pen sheep in at the fair. For Cleta I suppo.se is made a Latin word from the French word elaye, which signifies a hurdle or wattled gate. Blount. I think I have heard these hurdles called dares in some country, for they have many and very different names. P. This tenure, I conjecture, relates to one particular fair only, and not to all the fairs held at Hereford. The word nundinse is in- deed in the plural number ; but as it has no singular nundjor, it is from thence that the uncertainty arises. The fair, which I sup- pose the tenure concerns, begins on the lOtli of May, and. from * Iiiquis. per H. Nott. Blount, iGO. nuiidiiiaruni faciendas, quaiido fuerint requisiti, t Tenentts de Hampton episcopi in com. et pro qjjalibet summa dictaium virgarum Hereford, debent qua;rere annuatim sex sum- allocabitur eis obalum de ijuudinis. Lib. nig. mas virgarum, apud boscum de Haya juxta Heref. Blount, iGO. Hereford, et apportare ad Hereford ad cletas its 48B its continuing nine days, is called the nine-day fair. From time immemorial, this fair is proclaimed with certain formalities, by the bishop of Hereford's bailiff, or his deputy, and the tolls of the fair belono- to one or both of these officers. Durino- the continuance of the fair, the bishop's bailiff supersedes the mayor of Hereford, and is the actinof maofistrate. The fair also is not held in the usual place, but in a street before the bishop's palace. The bishop of Hereford has likewise had, at all times, an intimate connexion with the parish of Hampton-Bishop, (as may be insinuated from its name) being the patron of the rectory, and keeping in repair a large embankment of the river Wye. He is, I believe, paramount lord over the greatest part, if not the Avhole, of the parish. These are my grounds for supposing the nine-days fair only to be alluded to in the foregoing tenure : and could it be made to appear that the hay wood had ever any dependance on the bishop of Hereford, my conjecture would be more strongly supported. This tenure may properly enough use the plural of fair, and yet apply (as it seems certainly to do) only to one fair, because the tenure looks forward to an annual fair, and consequently provides for the service to be performed at all the nine-day fairs thereafter. W. Mr. Kelham, in his Domesday Book illustrated, to " heimaris," in the collection of difficult passages explained, adds a note, ex- pressive of his inability to understand the words, " lector tu tibi Oedipus esto." Without 489 Without aiming at a claim to the skill of an Oedipus, I beg leave to offer an explanation of the term : the passage as quoted is, " medietas unius heimaris et quarta pars alterius medietatis " tunc reddebant 20 mill, alletiam, niodo 25 mill." I have no copy of Domesday to consult, but suppose that the quotation occurs in the account of some county on the coast, possibly Suffolk, as St. Edmund is mentioned as having the soc and sac. I take the meaning therefore, of the word to be a wear or dam, or some kind of inclosure of the sea, or else some species of net for the taking of sea fish ; and that the word is compounded of haia or heia, and mare *. BATTLE-ABBEY, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. The customary tenants of this manor were to mow, spread, turn, cock, carry to the manor of the lord, and pitch to the stack [*], one acre of meadow, of the meadow of the lord. They ought also to find, throughout all autumn, one man to stack the corn of the lord in the said manor, whilst any of the lord's corn shall remain to be stacked f*. [*] Ad tassum furcare. To pitch to the mough. Blount. STONELEY, COUNTY OF WARWICK. In the manor of Stoneley in the county of Warwick, there were * Gent. Mag. January, 1791> p. 31. num unum hominem ad tassandum blada do- •f-Tenentes debent falcare, spergere, vertere, mini in dicto manerio, diim blada domini ibi- cumulare, cariare in nianerium domini, et ad deni tassanda fuerint. Customar. de JBello iu tassum furcare unara acram prati, de prato com. Sussex. Blount, l64. domini: et invenient etiam per totam autump- 3 R antiontly 490 antientlj four bondmen, whereof eacli lield one messuage, and one quartron of land ^, by the service of making the gallows, and hanging the thieves. Each of which bondmen was to wear a red clout betwixt his shoulders, upon his upper garment ; to plough, reap, make the lord's malt, and do other servile work *. Sir Edward Coke says the worst tenure he has heard of is to hold lands to be ultor sceleratorum condemnatorum, ut alios sus- pendio, alios membrorum detruncatione, vel aliis modis juxta quan- titatem perpetrati sceleris puniat, that is, to be a hangman or exe- cutioner, &c. ■^• % Qua?re if a quarfron of land was not the same as a ferdell, far- dingdeal, or ferundell of land, that is, the fourdi part of a yard-land. See pp. 130, 14 i, 21G. THE MANOR antiently called BUTLERS, alias IIERE- WARDS, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. In 12:>6 there was a long suit between Nicholas de Pincerna, who assumed the name of Stalhani, and William son of Richer de Bosco, or Bois, for not takinj>: his homao'e, and demandinor an imreasonablc relief of him, for lands held of him here, to which Nicholas pleaded that he was his villan belonging to this manor, and that he and the rest of the villans of this manor, were taxable at their lord's will, and that they paid a fine for leave to marry their daughters and sisters, and that he took a mark, for leave to marry, as his fine, and that therefore it was not unreasonable, which being proved the lord recovered ; I mention this, to shew in what a miser- able state the under tenants were in at that time J. * Reg. de Stoiieley Monast. Blount, 3. J Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. iii. t Coke Litt. fo. 86, a. Blount, \3'J. p. 676. BICKTON, 491 BICKTON, JFXTA SHREWSBURY, COUNTY OF SALOP. The inhabitants of Bicktou Avere bound by their tenure to carry the lord's dung into his fields, to plough his ground at certain days, sow and reap his corn, &c. and even to empty his jakes. But this was afterwards turned into a rent, now called Bickton silver, and the villanous service excused. Bickton Avas held of Clun Castle in Shropshire *. IIINDRINGIIAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. About the time of Kino; John, mention is made of certain tenants belonging to the prior and convent of Norwich, called Lanceti, who were to have their sheep in the lord's fold from Martinmas to Candle- mas, and then to have their ewes out of the fold, and to pay fold- age, but their other sheep continued in the lord's fold, the whole year-j-. A lancetaoium seemed to contain eio-ht acres. Blomefield. See Lancetse, under Hecham, p. 485. BUILTH, COUNTY OF RADNOR. In the manor of Builth, in the county of Radnor, every tenant paid maiden rent, viz. a noble at their marriage, antiently given to the lord for his omitting the custom of merchetta, whereby he was to have the first night's lodging with his tenant's wife ; but it was more probably a tine for licence to marry a daughter.];. * Blount's Law Diet. tit. Villenage. \ Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Maiden Rent. •}• Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. v. p. 799. 3 R 2 This 492 This tenure is still subsistino-, but the lord generally chooses to tap a hogshead of cider rather than have the virgin*. GRIMSTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. In the reigrn of Edward III. there belonoed to this manor a profit called love-bone ; to wit, that all residents in Grimestone, having horses with a cart, should work for the lord, for the redeeming of the common of Grimestone, one da;y's journey of barley seed time, each to have for his breakfast one penny halfpenny; and all keeping cows on the common, Avere to do a day's work in harvest, and at three o'clock each to have flesh to eat, and ale to drink, and three loaves every evening ; and if they refused then it was lawful to distrain on the said common, &c. f- BARKING, COUNTY OF ESSEX. In the Harleian collection at the British Museum, there is an anlient survey of the manor of Barking (without date and imper- fect.) In this survey the services due from the inferior tenants to the abbess and convent are stated at large. One of them (Robert Gerard) was, among other services, to gather a full measure of nuts, called a pybot, four of which should make a bushel ; to go a long journey on foot, once a year, to Colchester, Chelmsford, Ely, or the like distances, on the business of the convent, carrying a pack ; and other shorter journies, such as to Brentford, &c. maintaining himself upon the road. lie was to pay a fine for the marriage of his daughter, if she married beyond the limits of the Conip. Copyliolder, 79- t From an old parchment roll. Blome- field's Norfolk, vol. iv. p. j43. manor, 493 manor, otherwise lo make liis peace with the abhess, as well as he could ; if his daughter should have a bastard cliild, he was to make the best terms that he could with the abbess for the fine called kyldwyte. It appears also that he could not sell his ox, fed by himself, without the abbess's permission. Some of the tenants were obliged to watch and guard thieves in the abbess's prison *. WODHAM, COUNTY OF DURHAM. Alexander de Whitworth held the manor of Wodham in capite, of the prior of Durham, by fealty, and by the service of xti s. and VIII d. a year; and he was to do suit to the court of the prior, and to grind his corn at the mill of Ackley to the twentieth dish f , and all his tenants Mere to grind there to the thirteenth dish f , and he was to give aid, and to find, from every house, except the hall^f§, one man to mow at Akley, who was to have meat once a day'}^ ^ See note under Easington, p. 354, §|§ De qualibet domo prsetcr aulam. Meaning from every house, except the manor-house. P. GRESSENHALE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. In the 8th of Edw. I. Jordan Foliot was lord of this town with its members, and Thomas de Rotheband being one of his villans, * Lysons's Environs of London, vol. iv. vas, et omnes tenentcs sui molent ibidem ad p. 74. tertium decimum vas, et dabit auxilium et in- •j- Alexander de Whitworth tenuit maner.' veniet de qualibet domo, praater aulam, unum de Wodham de pr'. Dunelm. per fid', et per hominem ad raetend'. apud Akley, et habebit servic'. XVI 8. et viii den. per ann. et faciei cibum semel in die. Inquis. post mortem sect', ad cnr'. pr'. et molet proprium bladum Alexandri de \^ hitworth. 2 Bury, A. D. 1336. suum ad molendinum de Akley ad vicesunum he 494 he was found to have a right of taxing him high or low at his will, and the custom of merchet ; and in the fourteenth of that kino-, he claimed free-warren, and assize of bread and beer of his tenants, frank-pledge, by view of the king's bailiff, and a weekly market on I^Ionday, and a fair on the vigil, the day, and day after St. Michael*. WIVENHOE, COUxXTY OF ESSEX. Richard Burr holds one messuage, and owes tallage^, suit of court, and merchet §§5j in this manner, that if he should marry his daughter with a free man, without the town, he shall make his peace with the lord for marriage, and if he should marry her to any cus- tomary tenant he shall give nothing for marriage f. f Tallage. A tax or tribute. Blount. §§§ Merchet. The same as Ammobragium, p. 474. IIEURST, COUNTY OF BERKS. William Mavnard, who held lands in Heurst, acknowledged him- self to be villan of the abbot of Abbendon, and to hold of him in villenage, and by the customs of villenage, viz. by the service of 18 d. per annum, and of giving for marriage and merchet with his daughter and sister, at the abbot's will, and in performing all vil- lanous customs/j:. * Parkins's edit, of Blomefield's Hist, of J Willielmus Maynard, qui tenuit terras in Norfolk, 8vo. vol. ix. p. 512. Heurst, cognoscit se esse villanum abbatis de t Rjcardus Burr tenet unum messuagium, et Abbendon, et tenere de eo in villenagio, et per debet tallagium, sectam curiae, et merchet hoc villanas consuetudiiies, viz. per servitium 18d. modo, quod si maritare voluerit filiam siiam per annum, et dandi maritagium et merchetutn cum quodaui libero homine extra villai».,faciet pro lilia et sorore sua ad voluntatem ipsius pacem domini pro maritagio, et si earn maji- abbatis, et faciendo omnes villanas consuetii- taverit alicui customario villa; nil dabit pro dines. Placita de Banco, Pasch. 34 Hen. inaritagio. Anno Durn. 1230. Blount's Law HI. Rot. 20. Berks. Diet. tit. Merchet. WROTH AM, 495 WROTIIAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. This manor was given to Beck Abbey in Normandy, by the Ralph de Toni, who held it al the survey, from which time it enjoyed all the privileges belonging- to that monastery. In the register of the abbey, (fol. 58, b.) the customs of the manor are entered, among which it appears, that the tenants were to pay scot and lot, by way of aid to the abbots, when they came into England, or their proc- tors, if the necessities of the abbey were very urgent : they could not sell a horse-colt, nor an ox of their own bringing up, without their lord's leave, nor marry their daughters, nor go to live out of the tnanor, nor remove their chattels out of it without licence. They paid at every death their best beast for a heriot, or thirty-second in- stead of it, and if any one died intestate, all their chattels were at the lord's disposition. When the harvest work was finished by the tenants, they were to have half an acre of barley, and a ram let loose in the midst of them, and if they catched him, he was their own to make merry with, but if he escaped from them he was the lord's, which custom is still kept up at Eton College, there being a ram every year let loose among the scholars, on a certain day, to be runned down by them, the original of which might come from the custom of this manor*. BURCESTER, COUNTY OF OXFORD. Robert, son of Nicholas Germeyn, held one messuage, and half a yard land in villenage, at the Avill of the prioress (of Merkyate,) and owed one day's work at the plough fif in winter, and one day'.s weeding [*,] and one wedbedrip[t], (bederip) according to the pleasure of the prioress, and he Avas to have one repast; also, he * Blomelield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. i. pp. .'Jlj, 3l6. The ciistoiu of the ram at Eton College IS now given up. was 496 was to do the service of mowing once [:[.] for half a day ; and for an entire yard land [§] of the same tenure, he was to have livery [II] at vespers, which are called evenyngs Ipj], as much as a mower could make by his scythe, and carry home by himself; also for half a yard land of the same tenure he was to have livery at vespers, with a companion, so much as a mower could make by his scythe, and bear home ; and the mower was to have his break- fast of the lady prioress, and he the said Robert, and all others, customary tenants of the prioress, were to have grass delivered in the meadow, called Gilberdesham, without dinner. They were after- wards to turn and cock the hay, and then make mows [If || or ricks, and every one was to carry four teams of hay to the court of (he prioress, and to have a breakfast of the prioress ; and for a yard land of the same quality he was to do three days work in autumn, to wit, reaping with three men without dinner, and one day's work without dinner with one man ; and if the binder should be at the said reap days, he was to have one garb |||H of the grain from the last corn bound, and also owed one day's reaping at the will of the prioress with his whole family, except his wife, and was to be at the dinner of the prioress, yet as often as the binder had his dinner, he was not to have a garb ; and he was to carry four teams of corn in autumn to the manor of the prioress, and to have a breakfast, and owed to be taxed (owed tallage ||§||) at Michaelmas, at the plea- sure of the prioress ; he was not to sell his male horse, nor an ox of his own nurture, nor put his son to school |||1||, or marry his dauohter, without the licence and consent of the prioress ; and if the prioress should be present, the said Robert was to find and carry meat and drink for the time which she should stay in the county for her pleasure, and, moreover, pay yearly at the 401. the four usual terms, two sliillinijs aiul sixpence, and do suit of court*. ^ Una arura. One day's work at tlie plough. Kennctl's Gloss. sub voce Arura. [*] Una sarculatura. The service of one da;y 's weeding. Kennett. [-j^] Wedbedrip. The same as bederip. Sec note under Hildsley, p. 415, and Kennett's Gloss, sub voce. [|.] Falcatura una. Was the service of one time mowing-, or cutting ffrass in the demesne meadow of the lord. Kennett. [§] Virgata terr». See note on Nether Overton, p. 130. * Robertas, filius Nicholai Germeyn, tenet unum messuagium, et dimidiam viigatam terra; in bondagio ad voluntatem dominie, et debet uuam aruram in jeme, et unam sarculaturam, et debet unam wedbedrip, pro voluntale do- minac, et liabebit unum repastum, et debet unam falcaturam per dimidiam diem, et vir- gata terrae Integra ejusdem tenurae habebit liberam ad vesperas, quce vocatur evenyngs, tantam sicut falcator potest per falcem levare, et domnm portare per ipsam ; et dimidia vir- gata terrae ejusdem tenurae habebit liberam ad vesperas, cum quodam socio, tantam sicut falcator potest per falcem levare, et domum portare ; et falcator habebit jentaculum suum de domina priorissa, et ipse Robertus, et omnes alii custumarii domina;, liberam fal- catam in prata vocata Gilberdeshani, sine prandio, debent tornare et inde fcenuni levare, et mulliones inde facere, et debet quilibet ca- riare quatnor carucatas foeni ad curiam prio- rissae, et habebit unum jentaculum de domina priorissa : et virgata terrae ejusdem conditionis faciei tres precarias in autumpno, videlicet, 3 precariam sine prandio cum tribus hominibus, et unam precariam sine prandio cum uno ho- mine, et si sit ligator ad dictas precarias ha- bebit unum garbuni seminis de ultimo biado ligato, et debet etiam unam precariam pro voluntate dominae cum tola familia sua, prxter uxorem suam, ad prandium dominie, et quo- tiens ligator iiabet prandium non habebit gar- bam ; et debet cariare quatuor carucatas bladi in autumpno ad nianerium domin*, et habebit unum jentaculum, et debet talliari ad festum S. Michaelis pro voluntate dominae priorissae; nee debet vendere equum masculum, neqne bovem de proprio nutriniento suo, neque filium suum ad literaturam ponere, neque filiam suam maritare, sine licehlia et voluntate priorissae ; et si domina priorissa sit pr;esens, ipse Ro- bertus quaeret et cariabit escnlenta et potnlenta priorissae pro tempore quo moram fecerit in comitatu pro voluntate sua, et reddet etiam per annum ad quatuor terminos consuetos IIS. VI d. et sectam curia;. Kennett's Paroch. Antiq. p. 401. s [II] Libera. 408 [Ifl Libera. A livery, or delivery of so much grass or corn to a customary tenant who cuts down or prepares the said grass or corn, and receives some part, or small portion of it, as a reward or gratuity : so the livery of hay and oats, as giving out such a quantity of provender for the feeding of horses. Kennett. 11*11 Evenyngs. The delivery at evening or night of a certain portion of grass or corn to a customary tenant, who performs his wonted service of mowing or reaping, for his lord, and at the end of his day's work receives such a quantity of the grass or corn to carry home with him as a gratuity or encouragement of his bounden service. Ivennett. Il-j jl MuUiones. The same as muUones, under Sutton Courtenay, p. 474, from mullo — muUio, a cock, or pout of grass, or hay ; hence in old English, a moult, now a mow. Mo^i, Sax. of hay or corn. Kennett. mil Garba. A sheaf of corn, of which twenty-four made a thrave. It extended to a cock of hay, a faggot of wood, or any other of the fruits or product of the earth. Kennett. ||§|| Talliari de certo tallagio. To be assessed or taxed at such a rate or proportion, imposed by the king on his barons or knights, or by them on their inferior tenants. The inferior tenants sometimes made a conqiosition with their lords for this tallage. This tallage of the customary tenants was sometimes fixed and certain, and sometimes at the arbitrary pleasure of the lord. The lords in Ireland impose an arbitrary tax on their tenants, which they call a cutting, the literal meaning of the French word taillago. Kennett. mill Ad literaUiram pouere. To put out children to school, which liberty 499 liberty was denied to some parents, who were servile tenants, withont consent of the lord. Kennett. HOUGHTON, COUNTY OF LEICESTER. The manor of Nicholas Malory, of DrauIERY, THE TOWN OF. Whereas through scolds and whores many evils arise in the town, viz. strifes, fightings, defamations, &c. and many other disturbances, by their shouting and bawling |.§|, our practice concerning them is, that when they are taken they are adjudged to the goging-stoolel|i.|l, and there to stand with their feet naked, and their hair hanjrinor and dishevelled, for such time as they may be seen by all persons pass- ing that way, according to the will of our chief bailiffs j . J§| Ilutesias et clamores. Shouting and bawling. A. See 3 Inst. 116. Ilill Goging-stoole. This goging-stoole is the same which in our law books is written cucking-stool and coke-stool ; anciently tumbrel, or trebucket, by Bracton, tymborella : the Saxons (for it is of * Tenentes de South Mailing, in coin. diffamationes, S:c. ac aliae multa? iiiquietationes Cantiae, debeiit, de consuetudine inter eos, fa- per earuiii liutesias et clamores ; igitiir iitimiir cere scotalium de sex decini denariis et ob. de eisdem, quod cum captae fuerint, habeant Ita quod tie singulis sex denariis detur unum judicium de la goging-stoole, et ibi stabunt, denarium et ob. ad potandum cum bedello nudis pedibus, et suis crinibus pendentibus et dominiarchiepiscopi super praedictum feodum. dispersis, tanto tempore ut aspici possint ab Ex vet. Consuetud. in Archivis Archiep. Cant. onuiibus per viam transeuntibus ; secundum Blount, 150. voluntatem balivorum nostrorum capilalium.' •f Quia per objurgatrices et nicretrices M.S. L.L. liberi liurgi de Mountgoniery. multa mala in villa oriuntur, viz. lites, pugnae, Blount; 150. ore at 510 great antiquity) called it a scealfing-stole (from scealfing, scold- ino;) i. e. a chair in which scolding women were placed, and plunged over head in water *. Blount. EAST UUDITAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. In the town of East Rudham, in the county of Norfolk, the cus- tom of all the lands Avhich are held withiu the borougii (burgagium) concerning inpeny and outpeny, is this, that he who will sell or give the said tenure to anyone, shall give for his going out of the same tenure one penny, and the like for the entry of the other ; and that the bailiff of the lord shall be present at the delivery of every livery of seisin : and if the aforesaid pennies shall be in arrear, the bailiff of the lord may distrain for the said pennies in the same tenure f . KINDERTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER. In the 14th of Henry VH., 1408, Thomas Venables claims, that if anv tenant or resiant within the lordship or manor of Kinderton, in the county of Chester, committed felony, and his body was taken by the said Thomas for the fact, and the party convicted, he should have pelf ^, viz. he was to seize all his goods and chattels ; and that which belono-ed to the earl, he was to present at Chester Castle, and to have all his household furniture (inventa domestica) and of all kind of oxen, cows, steers, heifers, pigs, and sheep, one, to wit. * Cathedra in qua rixosae mulieres sedentes, eadem tenuis, unum denarium et simile pro aquis deniergebaulur. Query, if scealfiug is ingressii altcrius ; et quod balivus doinini erit not rather the shelving stool. ad deliberationem cujuslibet seisiiiae delibe- t De inpeny et oulj-eny, consuetndo talis randie : et si praadicti denarii aretro fuerint, est iu villa dc Kast Uiulluini, iu coin. Norf. balivus doinini distringet pro eisdem denariis de omnibus turis quae infra burgagium teneu- in eadem tenuia. IJeg. Priorat. de Cokes- tur, viz. qujd ipse qui vendiderit vel dederit ford. Blount, Ijl. dictaui teuuram alicui dabit pro exitu suo de the 511 the best ; and if he had none, except one of those kinds, he claimed to have that one, with all the small animals, as cocks, hens, geese, and such like, and all the pieces of cloth cut and begun with :].§ {:, and all the joints of njcat begun with, or cut in part (carnes attaini- atas), and all the malt except one quarter §§ : and from every stack of corn he claimed to have a whole groundstall f * j- of each stack, and all the lead out of the furnace, and all the wooden vessels, all the table-cloths, towels, and all belonffiiijr to the bed, linen and woollen, and all the carts not bound with iron, and all the ploughs, with all their furniture [.{], &c. * f Pelfram. Pelf, or pelfre, appears here to signify such a qjiantity of goods and chattels as are here expressed, which to this day, in common speech, we call worldly pelf. Blount. J§|. Attainiatos. What this word may signify I am to learn. Blount. §§ Totum brasium infra unum quarterium. All the malt except one quarter. Blount. Or under a quarter. P. 'j*-^- Groundstall integrum. Of every mow of corn he claimed to * Thomas Venables clatuat quod si aliquis cum aliis miniitis animalibus, ut gallis, gallinis, teneiitium vel residentium infra dominium sive aucis, et liujusmodi, et omnes pannos tallia- manerium de Kiiideiton, in com. Cestria-, tos et attainiatos, et omnis caiiies attainialas, feloniam fecerit, et corpus ejus per ipsum et totum brasium infra uiium quarterium, et Thomam super factum illud captum, et con- de quolibet tasso bladi clamat habere ground- victus fuerit, habere pelfram, viz. omnia bona stal integrum cujuscunque tassi, et totum et catalla hujusmodi seisire ; et ea quai do- plumbum extra fornaceni, et omnia vasa lig- mino comiti pertinent, ad Castrum Cestria^ nea, omnes mappas, manutergia, et omnia ad prsesentare, et habere omnia inventa domestica lectum pertinentia, linca et lanea, et omnes et de omni genere bourn, vaccarum, bovicu- carrectas ferro non ligatas, et omnes carrucas, lorum, juvencarum, porcorum, bidentium, cum tota apparura, &c. Plac. in Itiu. apud unum, viz. melius ; et si de aliquo genere non Cestriam, 14 Hen. VII. Blouiit, 151. habuerit nisi, luium clamat habere illud uuuin have 512 have as much as would cover the o-i-ound or floor where the corn lay. Blount. Onstand. A. Staddle, Derbyshire. P. [I] Carruoa cum tota apparura, is a plough with all its furniture. Blount. COLESIIILL, COUNTY OF WARWICK. They have an ancient custom at Coleshill, in the county of War- wick, that if the young men of the town can catch a hare, and bring it to the parson of the parish, before ten of the clock on Easter Monday, the parson is bound to give them a calve's head and a hundred of eggs for their breakfast, and a groat in money*. STANLAKE, COUNTY OF OXFORD. At Stanlake, in the county of Oxford, the minister of the parish, in his procession, in Rogation Week, reads the Gospel at a barrel's head, in the cellar of the Chequer Inn in that town, where some say there was formerly an hermitage, others that there was anciently across, at which they read a Gospel in former times; over which the house, and particularly the cellar, being built, they are forced to continue the custom in manner as above -j-. BURFORD, COUNTY OF OXFORD. About the year 750, a battle was fought near Burford, in Ox- fordshire, perhaps on the place still called Battle-Edge, west of the town, towards Upton, between Cuthrerd or Cuthbert, a tributary Kino- of the West Saxons, and Ethelbakl, King of Mercia, whose insupportable exactions the former king not being able to endure, * Blount, 153. + Nat. Hist, of Oxfordshire, fo. 203. Blount, 154. 5V^ he came into the field against Ethelbald, met, and overthrew him there, winnino- his banner, whereon was depicted a golden dragon ; in memory of which victory, the custom (yet within memory) of making a dragon yearly, and carrying it up and down the town in great jollity on l^Iidsummer Eve, to which they added the picture of a giant, was in all likelihood first instituted *. ENSIIAM, COUNTY OF OXFORD. It has been the custom at Ensham, in Oxfordshire, for the town's people on Whit-Monday, to cut down and bring away (wherever the church-wardens pleased to mark it out, by giving the first chop) as much timber as could be drawn by men's hands into the Abbey-yard, whence if they could draw it out again, notwithstanding all the impe- diments that could be given by the servants of the Abbey, and since that by the family of the lord, it was then their own, and went, in part at least, to the reparation of their church : and by this custom, as some will have it, they hold both their Lammas and Michaelmas common f. LODEBROOK, COUNTY OF WARWICK. In the manor of Lodebrook, in the county of Warwick, whereof the Catesbyes were heretofore lords, each tenant paid swarf-mo- "^y f yearly, which was one penny halfpenny ; it must be paid (says the rental) before the rising of the sun, the party must go thrice about the cross, and say, " the swarf-money," and then take witness, and lay it in the hole ; and when he hath so done, he must look well that his witness do not deceive him, for if it be not paid, he givcth a great forfeiture, thirty shillings and a Avhite bull :t. * Nat. Hist, of Oxfprdshire, 348. Blount, J Ex autiq. Rentali ejusd. Mau. Blount, 154. 156. t Nat. Hist, of Oxfordshire. Blount, 155. 3 IT fi Swarf- .514 •I Swarf-money. I know not what this swarf-money may signify, unless it were mis-written for warth-money, or ward-money. Blount. See pp. 186, 312. Perhaps it is another term for the smoke-silver known in other manors. W. WAREHAM, COUNTY OF DORSET. By the custom of Wareham, in the county of Dorset, both males and females have a right, equally, in the partition of lands and tene- ments ; tenementa in Warham sunt partibilia inter masculos et foeminas, says the record ; and is so unusual a custom, that perhaps it may be hard to find the like elsewhere in England *. ESSEBURN, NOW ASHBORNE in the PEAK, COUNTY OF DERBY. The jurors say, that, when at first the miners come into the field to seek for mines, and a mine is foimd, they should come to the hailiff, who is called berghmayster, and demand from him two meers, if it be in the new field ; and they are to have one for the finding, and the other by the right of miners ; and every meer shall contain four perches, and to their mine (pit, or shaft) seven feet, and every perch shall be of twenty-four feet, &c. Also they say, that pleas of bergmote ought to be held from three weeks to three weeks, upon the mines in the Peak, &c. '\- * Plac. de Jur. et Assis. de anno IG Edw. I. niineratorum, et unaquaeque nieta continet Blount, 160. quatuor perticatas, et ad foveam suam septem t Juratorts dicunt quod in principio qnanda pedes, et iinaqiiaque perticata erit de xxiv mineralores veniunt in campum miiieria>, quae- pedibus, &c. Dicunt etiam quod Placita de rentes inventa minera, venient ad ballivum bergmote, debent teneri de tribus septimanis qui diciiur bergmayster, et petent ab eo duas in Ires septinianas, super rainerias in Pecco, meias, si sit in novo campo, et habebunt &c. Escaet. de anno 16 Edw. I. No. 34, unam, scil. pro inventionc', et aliaiu de jure Derby. Blount, 159. CLUN, 515 CLUN, COUNTY OF SALOP. It is the custom of sonic manors, within the honor of Chin, in tlie county of Salop, that at ihc entrance of every new lord of that honor, the tenants shall pay hinj a certain sum of money callei>set beutes in'egras masuras invcniebunt inewardos qua? sua erant, rex habebat omnem ejus pecu. ad aulani quaudo rex erat in civitate, bur- niam, 8ic. Doniesdav, tit. Heref. Blount, gensis cum caballo serviens, cum moriebatur, \66, habebat rex equum et arma ejus \ de eo qui \M Pecunia. 518 jl^jl Pecunia. Is here used for cattle and goods, for of old pecunia pro pecude often occurs. See Law Dictionary. Blount. URCIIENFEILD, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. Whenever the king's army should go against the enemy, the men of Urchenfeild, in the county of Hereford, by custom, made the avantward (vanguard) and in returning the rerevvard. The jurors of the hundreds of Irchenfeild, Webtre, and Gretre, say, that Botholin, who held the town of Comboglin, ought to make suit to the hundred aforesaid, and to be a domesman§^§ of the same hun- dred *. § j § This domesman is one of those that sit in the court in ju- dicature Avith the steward ; for dome in Savon signifies judg- ment ; and there are nine of these domcsmen continued to this day in Irchenfeild, and were so from a long and unknown be- ginning, of which see Taylor's Hist, of Gavelkind. Blount. CHARENDON, COUNTY OF OXFORD. All the bondmen (servi) of Chakendon, in the county of Oxford, for the service of ^ mowing were to have of the lord one ram of the price of eigiit-pence at least, and every mower was to have a loaf of the price of a halfpenny ; and they jointly were to have a cart-load of wood, and a cheese of the price of four-pence, and a certain * Cum exeicitus regis iu liostem pergat, quod Botholin, qui teiuiit villam de Conibog- liomiiies de Urchenfeild, in com. Hereford, lin, soleb.it facere sectani ad liuiidieduui prae- per consuetudiiiem faciunt avantward, et in dictum, et esse unus domesman de eodem reversione le rerewarde. Jnrati hundredorum hundredo. Domesday. Rot. de Quo Warr. «le Irchenfeild, Webtre, et Grejtre, dicunt 20 Edw. I. Heref, Blount, 1(55. quantity d 19 quantity of siiiall-becM- §§. And every yard-land was to liave six todsi of grass mil, and half a yard-land three tods*. f Pro servitio falcalionis. Vov the service of shearing or mow- injj. §§ Batinum sab. I take batinus to mean a measure or certain quan- tity. Vide Dii Fresne, v. Battus. P. Sab probably is an ab- breviation of the word sabia, small-beer. Vide Du Fresne in voce. E. nil Sex toddas berbie. Six tods of grass. I cannot find the word iod applied to any thing but wool. A tod of wool is 28 lb. six of which amount to a very small proportion of the produce of a yard-land, (see pp. 130, 4(>5), even supposing it to mean no more than a rood ; and therefore I apprehend either that I do not understand, or that Mr. Blount has not truly copied the record. E. I do not understand that six tods were the whole produce, but that each mower was to have six tods for his per- quisite ; for the record is plainly speaking here of what the mowers were to have. P. DUNMOW, COUNTY OF ESSEX. Robert Fitzw.alterf-, living long beloved of King Henry, son of King John, as also of all the realme, betook himself in his latter dayes to })rayer and deeds of charity, gave great and bountiful! * Oinnes servi de Chakendon, in com. tiior denariorum, et uiuim batiiium sab. Et Oxun. pro servitio falcatioiiis, habebunt domino qiijelibet virgata terra; liabeOit sex toddas unum arietem precii octo deuaiioriiin ad mi- herbae, ei diinidia vn-;iia teir;e trcs toddas. nu", et quilibet falcans liabebit unum panem luquis. temp. Edw. I. de Hiindr. de Laiigtre. precii oboli. Et hi conjunctim habebunt unara in com. Oxon. Blount, \(56. carectatam bosci, et unum caseuin precii qua- t See Castle-Bayuard, p. 416. almes 520 almes to the poor, kept great hospitalitv, and re-edified the decayed prison (priory) of Dunmowe, which one Juga (Baynard) a most devout and religious woman, being in her kinde his ancestor, had buikled ; in which prison (priory) arose a custome, begun and in- stituted, eyther by him, or some other of his successours, which is verified by a common proverbe or saying, viz. That he which re- pents him not of his marriage, either sleeping or waking, in a year and a day, may lawfully go to Dunmow and fetch a gannnon of bacon. It is most assured that such a custome there was, and that this bacon was delivered with such solemnity and triumphs as they of the priory and the townsmen could make. I have enquired of the manner of it, and can learne no more but that it continued untill the dissolution of that house, as also the abbies. And that the party or pilgrim for bacon was to take his oath before prior and convent, and the whole town, humbly kneeling in the church-yard upon two hard-pointed stones, which stones some say are there yet to be seen in the prior's church-yard ; his oath was ministred w ith such long process, and such solemne singing over him, that doubtless must make his pilgrimage (as I may terme it) painfull: after, he was taken up upon men's shoulders, and carried, first about the priory church-yard, and after, through the town with all the fryers and brethren, and all the town's-folke, young and old, following him with shouts and acclamations, with his bacon borne before him, and in such manner (as I have heard) was sent home with his bacon ; of which I find that some had a gammon, and others a flecke, or a flitch ; for proof whereof I have, from the records of the house, found the names of three several persons that at several times had it. Anno 23 Hen. VI. (1445). Memorandum, that one Richard Wright, 521 Wriirht, of Badhnry, near the city of Norwich, in the county of Norfolk, labourer, (plebeius) came to Dunniow and required the bacon, to wit, on the 27ns of wine and a lance, and also every minstrel then to pay him four-pence half-[)enny, and why he claimed from every whore in Cheshire and the city of Chester, exercising her trade, four-pence, to be paid yearly at the feast aforesaid *. To which he pleaded pre- scription f-. In the statutes of the 14th Eliz. cap. 5, and the 39tli Eliz. cap. 4, the first intituled, " An Act for the Punishment of Vaoabonds, and for the Relief of the Poor and Impotent ;" and the latter intituled, " An Act for Punishment of Rogues, Vagabonds, and Sturdy Beggars," both now repealed, are inserted the following pro- viso, viz : " Provided always, that this act, or any thing therein contained, or any authority thereby given, shall not in any wise extend to •disinherit, prejudice, or hinder John Dutton, of Dutton, in the county of Chester, esquire, his heirs or assigns for, touching, or * Laiirentius dominus de Dutton clamat retrice infra coinitatum Cestriae et infra Ces- quod onines minstrelli infra civitateiii Cestris triam mauenle, et ofticiani Miuin exercente, et infra Cestriam manentes, vel otficia ibidem quatuor denarios per ami. ad fesium pra:- exercentes, debent convenire coram ipso vel dictum, &c. Inter Flacita apud Cestriam, 14 seiiescallosuo apud Cebtriam,ad festuin nativi- Hen. VII. Blount, \o7- Law Diet, sub voce talis S. Johannis Baptists, anniiatim, et dabunt Minstrel. sibi ad dictum festum quatuor lagenas vini et f Sir Peter Leycester's Antiq. of Chesli. unam ianceam; et insuper quilibet eorum 141, 142.251. Burn's Justice, tit. Vagrants, diibit sibi quatuor denarios et unum obolum Blount, 158. ad dictum festum, et liabere de qualibet me- concerning 526 concerning any liberty, pre-eminence, aulliority, jurisdiction, or inheritance, which the said John Dutton now lawfully useth, or hath, or lawfully may, or ouglit to use, Avithin the county palatine of Chester and the county of the city of Chester, or either of them, by reason of any antient charters of any kings of this land, or by reason of any prescription, usage, or title Avliatso- evcr*." In the lOd Eliz. cap. 9, which continued the said act of the 39th Eiiz. the above clause was continued only for one year, except before the end of the said year, the said John Dutton, or his heirs, should i>rocure the Lords Chief Justices and Lord Chief Baron, or two of them, on hearing his allegations and proofs, to make certificate into the Chancery, to be there enrolled, that the said Jolin Dutlon, or his heirs, ought lawfully (if no statute against rogues or beggars had been made) by charier, tenure, or pre- scription, to have such liberty of licensing of minstrels as he claimed and used f-. In the statute of the 1st Jac. I. cap. 2.5, the same clause Avas con- tinued without limitation ; so that It is probable such proof had then been made as is above mentioned \. And in the act of the 17th Geo. II. cap. 5, commonly called the Vagrant Act, a like proviso is inserted in favour of the heirs or assigns of John l>ut(on, of Dutton, es(piire. So that the right has now been es.tablished, by act of parliament (ever since the year 1572) above two hundred years §. * Stat. ■^iVi Eliz. cap. 4. % Slat. 1 Jac. 1. cap. 25, sect. 20. t Ibid. 43 Eliz. cap. y. § Ibid. 17 Geo. 11. cap. b. The 0*17 The heirs of the said Hugh DiiKon enjoy the same power and authority over the minstrelsy of Chcsiiire, even to this (hiy *, and keep a court every year upon the feast of St, John the Baptist, at Cliester, heinf^ the fair-day, Avhcrc all the miuslrels of the county and city do attend and play before the lord of Duttoii, upon their several instruments; he or his deputy then ridino- through the city, thus attended, to the church of St. John the Baptist, many o-cntlenieii of the county accompanying- him, and one Avalking- before him in a surcoat of his arms, depicted upon tart'ata ; and after divine service ended, holds his court in the city, where he or his steward renews the Avhole licences granted to the minstrels, antl gives such new ones as he thinks fit, under the hand and seal of himself or his steward, none presuming to exercise that faculty there, without it. But now 'j- this dominion or privilege is by a daug'hter and heir of Thomas Dutton, devolved to the Lord Gerard of Gerard-Bromley, in Staffordshire X- ^ Leccatorum. Leccator, a riotous debauclied person, a roaring boy, a tavern-hunter. Blount's Law Diet, in verbo. Bufloons. A. TUTBURY, COUNTY OF STAFFORD. " Henry the Sixth, by the grace of God, King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, to all to whom these presents shall come: irreetina-. We have seen the letters i)atent of John, late King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Lancaster, our great-grand- father, in these words :" " John, by the grace of God, King of Castile and Leon, Duke * So said by Mr. Blount, anno lG79. t ^''' Peter Leicester's Aiitiq. of Clicsh. I Ibid, Blount, loG. of 528 of Lanoastor, to all those who these our letters shall see or hear : o-reetiiiff. Know ve that we have ordained, constituted, and as- sii^ned our well-heloved king- of minstrels, within our lio- nour of Tultebury, Avho now is, or shall be for the time coming, to take and arrest all the minstrels within our said honour and franchise who refuse to do their services and minstrelsy to them belonging, from time out of mind, at Tuttebury aforsaid, yearly, on the day of the Assumption of our Lady, (loth of August). Giving and granting to the said king of minstrels, for the time being, full power and commandment to execute reasonable judgment, and to constrain them to do their services and minstrelsies in the man- ner that belongs to them, and as they have been used, and of old time accustomed. And in witness of this, we have caused these our letters patent to be made. Given under our privy seal, at our Castle of Tuttebury, the 22d day of August, in the fourth year of the reiofu of our most oracious King; Richard II. 1380." " And we, at the request of our beloved in Christ, Thomas Gedny, prior of Tuttebury, have by these presents caused the aforesaid letters patent to be exemplified. In witness whereof, we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Given under tl^e seal of our duchy of Lancaster, at our palace of Westminster, the 22d day of February, in the twenty-first year of our reign, 1442*." Also * Ilenrlcus Sextiis, Dei gracia Rex Angliae par Ic grace de DIeu Roy de Caslille et de etFrauciie, et doiniiius Hiberniae, omnibus ad Leon, Due de Lancastre, a touts ceux qui quos piesentes literae pervenerint salutem. cestes nos letres verront on orront saluz. Iiispexiinus literas pateiites .Tohannis nuper Saches nous avoir ordenoz constitut et assignez Regis Caslellae et Legionis, Ducis Lancastriae, nostre bien ame Roy des minstraulx proavi nostri, factas in hcsc verba. Johan, deins nostre honor de Tuttebury quore est, ou 529 Also there is there a certain custom, tliat the phiyers coiuinj^ to moruintr prayers on tlie feast ol" the Assiunption of (he blessed JWary, (1.3(li August) are to have a bull I'roui the [n-'iov of TuUc- bury, if they can take hiiu on that side the water of Dove next Tuttebury, or the prior is to give them forty pence ; for which said custom twenty pence shall be given to the lord at the said feast, yearly •-. The prior of Tutburye j-, shall have yearly, one oure Lady- dey, the Assunj[)lion, a liulvlvc delivered him of seyssone by the w ood-master and kepers of Xedewoode : aiul the wood-master and kepers of Xedewoode shale, every yei'e, mete at a lodgge in Xede- woode, called Birkeley Lodgge, by one of the cloke att aftcrnone one Sevnt Laurence Dev ; at which dev and place a wood-moote on qui pur le temps seria, pur prendre et arrester touts lesminstralx deins inesme nostre lioneur et franchise, queux refusont de fairs lour services et minstralcie as eux appurte- nants, a faire de antient temps a Tuttebury, suis dit annualment les jours del Assumption de nostre Dame. Donants et grantants au dit roy tie niinstralx pur le temps, esteant plien poyer et mandement de les faire rea- sonablenient juslifier, et constrener de faire lour services et niinistralcics en manere come appeint, et come illongncs ad este use et do aiitient temps accustome. Et en testmoig- niance de quel chose nous avons fait i'aire testes noz letres patents. Don souz nostre privie scale, a nostre Chastel de Tuttebury Ic XXII. jour de August le an de Regne nostre tres dulce le icoy Richard Quart. Nos autem literas przedictas ad rcquisiliouem dilecti nobis in Christo, Thoma; Gedney, prioris de Tuttebury, duximus cxemplificandas 3 per presentcs. In cujus rui testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentcs. Datum sub sigillo nostri Ducatus Lancast(*. apud pa- latium nostrum de West, xxit die Febr. amio Regni nostri vicessimo primo. Ex Regist. de Tufebury, penes Henricum Agard, militeni. Mon. Angl. i. 355. Blount, IG?. * liein est ibidem qua;dani consuetudo quod histriones vcnientcs ad matulinas in festo Assumptionis beat* Marias habcbnnt unum taurum de priore de Tuttebury, si ipsuni capere possunt citra aquam Dove propiu- quiorem Tuttebury, vel prior dabit eis XL d. pro qua quideni consueludine dabuntur domino ad dictum festum annuatim xxd. Ex liegist. de Tutuury, Mon. Angl. i. 355. Blount, KiS. f The Earl of Devonsiiire was in the place of prior in Mr. Oloiuit's time, as the Duke of Devonshire is now, r shall 530 shall be kept, mid every keper makinge deflalte shall loose xii d. to the knige, and there the wood-master and kepers shall chose ii of the kepers yearly as itt cometh to their tiirne, to be stewards for to prepare the dyner at Tutbiirye Castell one onre Ladye-dey, the As- sumption, for the wood-master, and kepers, and officers within the chase, and there they shall appoint in lykewyse where the bukke shall be kylled for the prior against the saide Ladye-deye ; and also where the bukke shall be kylde for the keper's dyner ageinst the same day ; and on the saide feaste of Assumption the wood-master or his lyvetenant, and the kepers and their deputies, shall be at 'J'utburye, and every man one horsebake, and soo ryde in order two and two together from the Yate, called the Lydeat, goinge into the common felde unto the highe crose in the towne ; and the keper in whose office the Seynte Marye bukke was kylled, shall beire the bukk's heede garnished aboute with a rye of pease ; and the bukk's heede must be cabaged ^ with the hole face and yeers beinge one the sengill [*] of the bukke, with two peces of fatte one either sids of the sengill must be fastened uppon the broo-anklers[f] of the same heed, and every keper must have a grene boghe in his hand ; and every keper that is absent that day, beinge nodder sikke nor in the king's service, shall lose xii d. and soo the kepers shall ridde two and two together tyll they come to the said crosse in the towne ; and all the minstrellt* shall iroe afore them one foote two and two together ; and the wood-master, or in his absence his lyvetenant, shall ride hindermast after all the kepers ; and at the said crosse in tlie town the foremast keper shall blow a seeke [:|], and all the other kepers shall answere him in blovvinge the same, and when they .come to the Cornell ageinst the Yue-hall, the formast keper shall blowe a recheate [§], and all the other kepers shall answere hyme in Jblo.winge of the same ; and so they shall ride still tyll they come into the 531 the cliurch-yortlo, and then light and goo into the chiirche in hkc aiTey, and all the minstrels shall pley one their instruments diu'inge the ofl'eringe tyme, and the wood-master, or in his absence his live- tenant, shall offer up the bukk's head mayd in silver, and every keper shall offer a l)eny, and as soone as the bukk's head is ollered uppe, all the kepers shall blowe a inorte [||], three tymes ; and then all the kepers goo into a chap[(ell, and shall there have one of the monks redye to sey them masse ; and when masse is done, all the kepers goo in like arrcye uppe to the caslell to dynner ; and when dynner is done the stewards goo to the prior of Tutburye, and he shall give them yeerly xxx s. towards the charges of ther dynner; and if the dynner come to more, the kepers shall beir it amongst them : and one the morrow after the Assumption there is a court kept of the minstrells, at which court the wood-master or his Ivve- tenant shall be ; and shall oversee that every minstrell dwellinoe within the honor and maklnge defaute shall be amercyed ; whiche amercement the kinge of the minstrels shall have ; and after the courte done, the pryor shall deliver the minstrels a bull, or xviii s. of money ; and shall turne hyme loose amongs them, and if he escape from them over Dove-river, the bull is the priour's owne ao-ene ; and if the minstrels can take the bull ore he gett over Dove, then the bull is their owne*. f Cabaged. Cabossed. Cut off close behind the ears, [*] Sengill. Single, or tail. [j] Broo-ankelers. Brow-antlers. * Out of the Coucher-book of the honour of Tutbury. Cap, de Libertatibus. Blouirt, iGS. 3 y 2 [.]:] Blowe 532 [I] Blowe a seeke. A manner of blowinjv a huntsman's horn, such as is used when they seek a deer. [§] Blowe a reclieate. Such as the huntsmen bh>w to call the hounds back from a false scent. It occurs in Much Ado about Xothino-, act i. sc. i. where Benedick says to Claud io : " That a woman conceived me, 1 thank her ; that she broug-ht me " up, I likewise give her most humble thanks : but that I will " have a rccheate winded in my forehead, or hang my bugle in " an invisible baldrick, all women shall pardon me." A recheate is the sound by which dogs are called back, Johnson. Chalmers's edit, of Shakspcare. [II] Blowe a morte. A particular air that is blown on the horn when tlie deer is killed, or killin<>-. 1 HE MODERN USAGE. ITpon the morrow after the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, being the 2Gth (10th) of August, all the musicians within the honour are to repair to the bailiff's house in Tutbury, Avhere the steward of the court* (who is usually a nobleman), and the wood-master or his lieutenant are to meet them, from whence they go to the church in this order: first, two wind musicians, as trumpets or long pipes; * The steward in Mr. Blount's tim« was prior. Blount, 171. At present his Grace the the Duke of Orinond, and Mr. Edward Fo- Duke of Devonshire is the owner of it. il<:n his deputy. 'I'he Earl of Devon was then then 533 then four slrin<^ musicians, two and two, all playins; ; then the steward of the court, or his deputy, and the baililF of the manor, deputed by the Earl of Devon*, the kinjr of music going between them : after whom the four stewards of music, each with a white wand in his hand, and the rest of the coni[)any follow in order. At the church, the vicar of Tutburv for (he time beino:, reads the service of the day, for which every musician [)ays him a penny ; then all go from the church to the castle, in manner as before, where the steward takes his place upon the bench in com*t, assisted with the bailiff and wood-master, the kinjr of music siltinir between them to see that every minstrel within the honour, beino* called, and making default, be presented and amerced by the jury, which amerciaments are collected by the stewards of music, who account the one moiety to his majesty's auditor, the other they retain them- selves, for their pains in collecting them. When the king, steward, and the rest, are so sate, the steward commands an oyez to be made three times by one of the musicians, as cryer of the court, that all minstrels within the honour, residing in the counties of Stafford, Derby, Nottingham, Leicester, or Warwick, do a[)pear to do their suit and service, on such pain and peril as the court shall inllict for their default ; essoigns nevertheless are allowed, in excuse of de- faulters, upon good reason-shewed. After which all the said minstrels are called by a suit-roll, as suitors are in -a court-leet, and then two juries are impannelled of the chief minstr^^ls, by the stewards of music, each jury consistino- of twelve, Avhich are i-eturned into the court, where the steward swears them ; the form of their oath is the same which is given in a court- * Now Duke of Dcvonsljire. leet, 534 leet, only in a Icet the jury swear to keep the king s counsel, their fellows and their own ; in this, to keep the king of music's coun- sel, their fellows and their own. The better to inform the jni-ors of their du(y, the steward gives them a charge *, in commendation of the ancient science of music, shewing what admirable effects it has produced, what kings and noble persons have been professors of it, what manner of persons the professors ought to be, and to admonish them to choose skilful and good men to be officers for the year ensuing. The officers chosen by the juries are one king and three stewards of music ; the fourth is chosen by the steward of the court. The king is chosen one year out of the minstrels of Staffordshire, and the next year out of those of Derbyshire. The steward of the court issues out warrants to the stewards of music in their several districts, by virtue Avhereof they are to dis- train and levy in any city, town corporate, or other place within the honour, all such fines and amerciaments as are imposed by the juries on any minstrel for offences committed against the dignity and honour of the profession ; the one moiety of which fines the stewards account for at the next audit, the other they retain them- selves. As soon as the charge is given, an oyez is made, with a pro- clamation, that if any persons can inform the court of any offence committed by any minstrel within the said honour, since the last court, which is against the honour of his profession, let them come * The fornicr editor of this work was pro- July, 1782, p. 336, but which was not ob- mised a copy of the account of the minstrel's tained. A copy has been since procured, and court, and of the Charge given at it to the will be found inserted at the end of the pre- minstrels, by a gentleman who signed A. W. sent article, to a letter in the Gentleman's Magazine for forth 535 forth and tlioy shall he heard. Then the juries whhdraw to con- sider of the points of the charjvo, and the old stewards of music hr'ing into the court a treat of wine, ah«, and cakes, and at the same time some minstrels are appointed to entertain the company in court with some merry airs ; after w Inch the juries present one to be kino- for the year ensuinfr, who takes his oath to keep up all the dignities of that noble science, &c Then the old king- ariseth from his place, resigning it and his while wand to the new kin"-, to whom he also drinks a glass of w ine, and bids him joy of his honour : and the old stewards do the like to the new ; which done, the court adjourns to a certain hour after noon, and all return back in the same order they came to the castle, to a place where the old kino-, at his own cost, prepares a dinner for the new king, steward of the court, bailiff, stewards of music, and the jurymen. After dinner all the minstrels repair to the Priory Gate inTut- bury, Avithoiit any manner of weapons, attending- the turning out of the bull, which the bailiff of the manor is obliged to provide, and is there to have the tips of his horns saweuilt Tutbury Casde * Blount, 1G7, to the end. f See Letter signed A. W. Gentleman's Maga;;!ne for July, 17S'2, j). 330. J See tlie note, p. 534. upon 537 upon that hill of alabaster where it now stands, which continued in his family till Robert de Forrars, Earl of Derby, (after pardon ob- tained for a former rebellion) revolted a second lime and joined widi Simon Mountford against King Henry III., by whom, being taken prisoner, he was fined for his offence ^£50,000 sterling, (avast sum in those days) to be paid simul et semel in uno die ss. in quindena Job. Bap. which iine the king gave to his son Edmund, Earl of Lancaster ; Earl Robert obliging himself, upon non-payment, to forfeit all his lands, except Chartley in Staffordshire, and Ilolbroc in Derbyshire, to the said Edmund, which (because such a sum could by no means be raised) was accordingly done, and soTutburycame to the family of Lancaster, and at length to be the head seat of the duchy, in which it flourished till the rebellion of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, anno 1322, temp. Edw. IL, who fortified it against the king, but could not hold it, when, as Mr. Erdeswicke thinks, this first castle was brought to decay, and not re-edified till it came into the possession of John of Gaunt, who built the present castle, walling it on all sides but one, where the hill is so steep that it needed no such fence ; from whose time it continued in tolerable condition till the late civil war, temp. Car. I., when it was taken, and for the most part demolished by the rebels, as may be seen by the ruins, it remaining much in the same condition they left it to this very day. " Durinjj the time of which ancient Earls and Dukes of Lancaster, who were ever of the blood royal, great men in tiieir times, had their abode, and keeping a liberal hospitality there at their honour of Tutbury, there could not but be a general concourse of people from all parts hither, for whose diversion all sorts of musicians were per- mitted likewise to come to pay their services, amongst whom (beimv numerous) some quarrels and disorders now and then arisin*!-, it was 3 z found 538 found necessary, after a while, that they should be brought under rules, divers laws beino- made for the better regulation of them, and a governor appointed them by the name of a king, who had several officers under him to see to the execution of those laws, full power being granted to them to apprehend and arrest any such minstrels appertaining to the said honour as should refuse to do their services in due manner, and constrain them to do them, as appears by the charter granted to the said king of minstrels by John of Gaunt, King of Castile and Leon, and Duke of Lancaster, bearinjr date the 22d of Aujiust, in the fourth year of the reig-n of King Richard IL, intituled, ' Carta le Roy de Ministraulx,' a trans- lation of which has been already given, p. 527. " Upon this, in process of time, the defaulters being many, and the amerciaments by the officers perhaps sometimes not over rea- sonable, concerning which and other matters, controversies fre- quently arising, it was found necessary that a court should be erected to hear plaints and determine controversies between party and party before the steward of the honour, which is held there to this day on the morroAv after the Assumption, being the 16thof August, on which day they now also do all the services mentioned in the abovesaid orant, and have the bull due to them anciently from the prior of Tutbury, now from the Earl of Devonshire, whereas they had it formerly on the Assumption of our Lady, as appears by an in- speximvis of King Henry \ I. relating to the customs of Tutbury, already quoted. " Thus, I say, the services of the minstrels were performed, and the bull enjoyed anciently on the feast of the Assumption ; but now they are done and had in the manner following : on the court day, or morrow of the Assumption, being the 16th of August, at which time 5S0 time all the minslrcls within the honour come first to the bailifl"s house of the manor of Tntbury (who is now the Earl of Devonshire), where the steward for the court to be holden for the kin^ as Duke of Lancaster (who is now the Duke of Ormond), or his deputy, meeting- them, they all go from thence to the parish church of Tutbury, two and two together, music playing before them, the king of the minstrels for the year past walking between the steward and the bailifl's, or their de[)uties, the four stewards or under officers of the said king of minstrels, with each a white wand in his hand, immediately following them, and then the rest of the company in order. Being come to the church, the vicar reads them divine service, choosing psalms and lessons proper for the oc- casion. In the year 1(380, the psalms were the l)8th, 149lh, and loOth ; the first lesson the 2d book of Chronicles, chapter 5, and the second lesson the 5th chapter of the Epistle to the E|)hesians, to the 22d verse ; for which service every minstrel offered a penny, as a due always paid to the vicar of the church of Tulbury upon this solemnity. " Service being ended, they proceed in like manner as before from the church to the castle-hall or court, where the steward or his de- puty taketh his place, assisted by the bailiff or his deputy ; the king of the minstrels sitting between them, who is to oversee that every minstrel dwelling within the honour, and making default, shall be presented and amerced, which that he may the better do, an oyez is then made by one of the officers, being a minstrel, three times, giving notice by direction of the steward to all manner of minstrels dwelbng within the honour of Tutbury, viz, within the counties of Stafford, Derby, Nottingham, Leicester, and Warwick, owing suit and service to his majesty's court of music, here holden as this 3 z 2 day. 540 daj, that every man draw near and give liis attendance, upon pain and peril that may otherwise ensue, and that if any man will be essoigned of suit or plea, he and they should come in, and they should be heard. Then all the musicians being called over by a court roll, two juries are impannelled out of twenty-four of the suffi- cientest of them, twelve for Staffordshire and twelve for the other counties, whose names being delivered in court to the steward and called over, and appearing to be full juries, the foreman of such is first sworn, and then the residue, as is usual in other courts, upon the Holy Evangelists ; then to move them the better to mind their duties to the kino; and their own o-ood, the steward proceeds to give them their charge, first commending to their consideration the origin of all music, both wind and string music, the antiquity and excellence of both, setting forth the force of it upon the affections by divers examples ; how the use of it has always been allowed (as is plain from holy writ) in praising and glorifying God, and the skill in it always esteemed so considerable, that it is still accounted in the schools one of the liberal arts, and allowed in all godly Christian commonwealths; where, by the way, he conuuonly takes notice of the statute which reckons some musi- cians as vagabonds and rogues, giving them to understand that such societies as theirs, thus legally founded, and governed by laws, are by no means intended by that statute ; for which reason the minstrels belonging to the manor of Dutton, in the county palatine of Chester, are expressly excepted in that act ; exhorting them, upon this account, to preserve their reputation ; to be very careful to make choice of such men to be officers amongst them as fear God, and are of good life and conversation, and have know- ledge and skill in the practice of their art. The charge being ended, the jurors proceed to the election of the said officers; the king 541 Tvino- being to be cbosen out of the four stewards of the preocdinjr ^ ear, and one year out of StaHbrdshire and another year out of Derby- shire, interchang-eably, and the four stewards [two] out of StaHbrd- shire and two out of Derbyshire, three being chosen by the jurors, and the fourth by him that keeps the court, and the deputy steward or clerk. *' The jurors departing the court for this purpose, leave the steward with his assistants still in their places (who, in the mean time, make themselves merry with a banquet, and a noise of musicians playing to them, the old king still sitting between the steward and bailiff as before) but returning again after a competent time, they present first their chiefest officer by the name of their king ; then the old kino- arising from his place, delivereth him a little white wand in token of his sovereifrntv, and then takino- a cup filled with wine, drinketh to him, wishing him all joy and prosperity In his office : in the like manner do the old stcM^ards to the new ; and then the old kino* riseth, and the new one taketh his place, and so do the new stewards of the old, who have full power and authority, by virtue of the king's stewards warrant, directed from the said court, to levy and distrain in any city, town corporate, or in any place within the king's dominions, all such fines and amerciaments as are inflicted by the said jurors that day upon any minstrel, for his or their offences, committed in the breach of any of their orders made for the good rule and government of the said society ; for which said fines and amerciaments, so distrained, or otherwise peaceably col- lected, the said stewards are accountable at every audit, one moiety going to the king's majesty, and the other the said stewards have for their own use. The 512 " The election, &c. being thus conchidcd, the court riseth, and all persons then repair to another fair room, Avithin the castle, where a plentiful dinner is then provided for Ihem, uhirh, being ended, the minstrels went antiently to the abbey gate, now to a little ])arn by the town side, in expectation of the bull to be turned forth to them, which was formerly done by the prior of Tutbury, late by the Earl of Devonshire, according to the custom before mentioned, pp. 535, 536. " And thus this rustic sport, which they call the bull-running, should be annually performed by the minstrels only, but now a-days they are assisted by the promiscuous multitude that Hock hither in great numbers, and are much pleased with it, though sometimes through emulation in point of nnmhood, that has been long che- rished between the StafTordshire and Derbyshire men, perhaps as much mischief may have been done in the trial between them, as in the Feu de Taureau, orBull-iightiug practised at Valentia, Madrid, and in many other places in Spain, whence, perhaps, this our custom of bull-running might be derived, and set up here by John of (jaunt, who was King of Castile and Leon, and lord of the honour of Tutbury ; for why might not we receive this sport from the Spaniards, as well as (hey from the Romans, and the Romans from the Greeks, wherein I am the more confirmed, for that the Italians, who first instituted this game, and of whom Julius Ca?sap learned it, and brought it to Rome, were celebrated much about the same time of the year as our bull-running is, viz. on the 12th of August, which perhaps John of Gaunt, in honour of the Assump- tion of our Lady, being but three days after, might remove to the 15th, as after ages did (that all the solenmity and court might be kept on the same day to avoid further trouble) to the 10th of August." rj.j(j. r,if 43 THE 31ANNER OF KEEPIXG THE 3ITN8TRELS' COLRT IN TL TBURV CASTLE. First, call tlie court after this manner, ■with three ovez's, viz. " All minstrels within this honour, resitlino; in the counties of " Stafford, Derby, Nottin<>;hain, Leicester, and Warwick, come in " and do your suit and service, or you Avill be amerced." Then call over the suit roll. After that call over two juries, one for Staffordshire and another for Derbyshire ; swear the foremen by themselves, and the rest by three or four at a time. FOREMAN S OATH. " You, as foreman of this Inquest, shall dilio-ontly enquire and " true presentment make of all such articles, matters, and thinofs, " as shall be given you in charge; the king of the minstrel's coun- " eels, your fellows, and your own, you shall keep secrete and " not disclose but in open court; you shall present no man for " hatred or malice, or spare any man for fear, favour, affection, " or hope of reward, but in all things, according fo the best of " your knowledge, and information that you shall receive, you shall ♦' present the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. " So help you God." Then swear the rest thus : " The same oath that your foreman hath taken on his part, vou " and every of you, on your parts, shall well and truly observe, " perform, and keep, " So help you God." Then 544 Then make proclamation thus : " You gentlemen that ai*e here sworn, draw near and hear yom^ *• charge, and all other persons are commanded to keep silence, " on pain of being fined." Then give the charge, vide p. 545. After the charge is given, proclamation is to be made thus : " If any can inform the steward of this court, or these inquests, " of any offence committed by any minstrel, within this honor, *' since the last court, against the dignity of his profession, let " them come forth and they shall be heard." Then the jurors will present a king, who is to be sworn as follows : " You as kino- of the minstrels belonoino; to this honorable and " ancient court, shall, to the uttermost of your power, maintain " all the customs and riohts heretofore established in this court, " and shall preserve unto the society of the minstrels, all their *' ancient rights, privileges, and customs anciently by them en- " joyed, and which of right do belong unto them, and that what *' you now promise you will perform and keep. « So help you God." Then two stewards for Derbyshire, and two for Staffordshire, are to be sworn thus : " You shall swear that you, and every of you, shall well and " truly serve the king of the minstrels in the offices of stewards, " and shall do rioht to all the minstrels and others therein con- " cerned, ^515 *' corned, accord in£^ to the usages and customs of this court, and *' shall endeavour, to the utmost of your power, to collect and *' ffather all such fines and amerciaments as shall be delivered " to vou in the estreats extracted out of this court, and shall «' faithfully perform and do all other matters and things belonging *' to the stewards of the minstrels' office. «' So help YOU God." i PROCLAMATION OF TURNING OUT THE BULL. " All manner of persons (except the minstrels) shall give way to " tlie bull, and not come within forty feet of him at their peril, nor *' hinder the minstrels m their pursuit of him." THE CHAilGE IN THE MUSIC COURT OF THE HONOR OF TUTBURY. " Gextlejien of these Inquests, " The annual custom and usage of this honorable and ancient court having now called you together, something I suppose it is expected should be said of the delightful art and harmo- nious science you profess. " Gentlemen, " The nature of yom* art consists in raising and skilfully regu- lating harmonious sounds. All sounds (as the philosopher ob- serves) arise from the quick and nimble elision or percussion of the air, being either divided by the lips or reeds of pipes, haut- boys, flutes, or other wind instruments, or else struck and put into motion by the tremulous vibration of strings, yielding an agree- able sound to the ear. Now it is your art and business, gentle- 4 A men. 546 men, to regulate, compose, and express these sounds, so as to rause the different tones or notes to agree in concord, to make up one perfect concert and harmony. " As for the antiquity of music, it will suffice that we read of Jubal, the son of Lamech, the seventh from Adam (whom some will have to be the Apollo of the Heathens) being the father of all such as handle the harp and organ, and probably most other sorts of music. About the time of the confusion of tongues, Mitzraim, the son of Ham, is said to have carried this art with his company into Egypt, where it was so much practised and improved, that succeedinof o-enerations, who knew not the writings of Moses, believed the Egyptians were the first inventors of music. Laban, the Syrian, expostulated with his« son-in-law, why he would not let him send him away with mirth and with songs, with tabret and with harp. " But the heathen writers are much divided about the author, or first inventor thereof, some say Orpheus, some Lynns, (both famous poets and musicians) others Amphion, and the Egyptians ascribed the invention to Apollo ; but, as I before observed, the sacred history puts an end to this contest, by telling us that Jubal, the son of Lamech, and brother of Noah, was the father of all such as handle the harp and organ, and probably many other kinds of music, for what variety of inventions, as well as improve- ments of musical instruments, might not be expected from such a genius in the space of seven or eight hundred years expe- rience. This Jubal (as I before said) is by the learned thought to be thQ Apollo of the heathens, but sacred and profane history makes 54T makes them contemporary ; ^\c may reasonably infer that the Eo;yptians held this science in the hiOR OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM. Lands in this manor descend, according to the custom of Bo- rough-English, -whereby the youngest son of a copyholder inhe- rits, or in default of issue, the younger brother*. The fines are arbitrary, and at the will of the lord, whose custom is to take two years improved rent on a descent, and one year and a half on alien- ation. No heriots are taken. Widows are entitled to dower of the copyhold. Nelson's Hist, and Antiq. of Islington. MANOR OP ISELDON BERNERS, OR BERNERSBURY. The fines in this manor are arbitrary, and at the will of the lord, whose custom is to take two years improved rent on a descent, and one year and a half on alienation. No heriots are paid, nor are widows entitled to dower. Nelson's Hist, of Islington. * It has been observed, that the origin of might be the lords bastards) should be inca- this custom proceeded from the lords of cer- pable to inherit their estates. But Littleton tain lands having the privilege to lie with their says, the reason of the custom is, because the tenants' wives the first night after marriage ; youngest is presumed, in law, to be the least wherefore in time the tenants obtained this able to provide for himself. Jacob's Law custom, on purpose that tiieir eldest sons (who Dictionary. HIGHBURY, 5G9 HIGHBURY, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. t Lands in this manor descend according to the custom of gavel- kind, being equally divided between male heirs, in the same degree of consanjifuinitv ; and in default of male heirs, anionic females in like manner. The copyholders pay a fine uncertain, il being arbi- trary, and at the will of the lord. No heriots are now demanded, nor has there been any for many ages, but 6s. 8d. appears to have been once paid on that account in the reign of Henry VII. Widows are not entitled to dower of the copyhold. Nelson's History of Is- lino-ton. AGMONDESHAM, COUNTY OF BUCKS. Tlie parliament burgesses of Agmondesham, were chosen by the homage in the lord's court baron, and the return made by the con- stables. Willis, 137. Gordon's Hist. 227. ANDEVERE or ANDOVER, COUNTY OF HANTS. King Henry HI., and all his progenitors, Kings of England, were seised of the manor and town of Andover, in Hanijjshir* ; which manor is ancient demesne, all the tenements within that manor are pleadable by petit brief de droit ; the custom of the manor is to hold a court on the Sunday before St. Michael, yearly, and the tenants to choose two bailiffs out of their body, who were lo arrest all felons and others Avithin their year, and to answer to the king for all escapes of persons arrested, and for all fines arising upon such arrests. Mado.v's Firma Burgi, 210. EXETER, CITY OF. The ancient custom of this city is, when the lord of the fee can- not be answered rent due to him out of his tenement, and no dis- 4 D tress 570 tress can be levied for the same, the lord is to come to the tene- ment, and there take a stone, or some other dead thing, of the said tenement, and bring it before the mayor and bailiffs, and thus must lie do seven quarter days successively ; and if on the seventh quar- ter day, the lord is not satisfied his rent and arrears, then the tenement shall be adjudged to the lord to hold the same a year and a day. and forthwith proclamation is to be made in the court, that if any man claims any title to the said tenement, he must ap- pear within the year and day next following, and satisfy the lord for the said rent and arrears ; but if no appearance be made, and the rent not paid, the lord comes again to the court, and prays, that according to the custom, the said tenement be adjudged to him in his demesne as of fee, which is done accordingly ; so as the lord hath from thenceforth the said tenement, with the appurtenances, to him and his heirs ; and this custom is called Shortford, being as much as in French to foreclose. Izack's Antiq. of Exeter, 48. LEWES, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. In the Saxon, Lq-fa. In the reign of Edward the Confessor, it paid £6. 4s. for tax and toll. The king had there 127 burgesses. It was their custom, if the king had a mind, to send his soldiers to sea without them, that of all of them, whosesoever the lands were, should be collected twenty shillings, and they had it who served in the ships. Whoso sells an horse, within the borough, gives the provost one penny, and the buyer gives another ; for an ox or cow a halfpenny ; for a man four-pence, wheresoever within the rape he buys. He that sheds blood pays seven shillings ; he that com- mits adultery or rape, eight shillings and four-pence, and the wo- man as much ; the king hath the adulterer, and the archbishop the woman. Oil woman. When the money is new made, every mhit-master gives twenty shillinos. Of all these payments, two parts Avent to the king, and the third to the earl. Camd. Brit. 200, from Domesday. 3IILLA\, COUNTY OF NOlll OLK. The custom of this manor is, if any copyholder will sell his land, and agree upon the price, at the next court, the next of his blood, and if he refuse, any other of his blood may have the land. 2 Brownl. p. 199. MENDIPPE HILLS, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. The customs here being very particular, I shall make no excuse for inserting them : the hills abound with many lead mines ; and it is free for any Englishman to work therein, except he has forfeited his right by stealing any of the ore or tools of others. And their law or custom in that case is very remarkable. The groviers (for so the miners are called, as the pits they sink are called groves) living at some distance, leave their tools, and the ore they have got, sometimes open upon the hill, or at most only shut up in slight huts : whoever amons; them steals any thinir, and is found i)cndix to Lex Maneriorum, Case 16. 3Iost of the orounds round here are marsh, for Avhich King- Canute gave orders to Twikill the Dane, that every village about the fens should have its proper marsh ; and so divided the ground, that the in- habitants of each village should have just so much of the marsh for their own use as lay right against the farm ground of the said vil- laoe : he also made an order, that no viliao-e mi«iht dio; or mow in another man's marsh without leave ; but, however, that the feeding should be common to all, that is, horn under horn, for the preserva- tion of peace and quiet among them. Camd. Brit. 500. The fens at this day are divided amongst the inhabitants, as mentioned in this order. Comp. Cop. 584. CLUxX, HONOUR OF, COUNTY OF SALOP. Sute-silver is a small rent or sum of money, which, if paid, does excuse the freeholders from their appearance at the courts baron within the honour. Blount's Law Diet, sub verbo, KNUTSFORD, COUNTY OF CHESTER. On the marriage of any inhabitant of Knutsford, the friends and acquaintance of the parties practice the very singular cusiom of strewing their door-ways with brown sand, and on this they figure various fanciful and emblematical devices, with diamond squares scollops, &c. in white sand ; and over the whole are occasionally strewed the flowers of the season, Brayley and Britton's Beauties of England and Wales, vol. ii. p. 287. 4 E HALTON, 578 IIALTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER. In this manor ihcre was a custom, that if in drivino; beasts over the common the driver permitted them to graze, or take but a thistle, he should pay a halfpenny a beast to the lord of the fee ; and this custom was called Thistletake. Reg. Priorat. de Thurgarton, Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Thistletake. COTESWOLDS, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. On the Coteswolds is a customary annual meeting at Whitsun- tide, vulgarly called an Ale, or Whitsun-ale. Perhaps the true word is Yule, for, in the time of Druidism, the feasts of Yule or the Grove were celebrated in the months of May or December. These sports are resorted to by great numbers of young people of both sexes, and are conducted in the followino; manner. Two persons are chosen previous to the meeting to be lord and lady of the Yule, who dress as suitably as they can to the characters they assume. A large empty barn, or some such building, is pro- vided for the lord's hall, and fitted up with seats for the accommo- dation of the company. Here they assemble to dance, and regale in the best manner their circumstances and the place will afford, and each young fellow treats his girl with a ribband and a favour. The lord and lady honour the hall with their presence, attended by the steward, sword-bearer, purse-bearer, and mace-bearer, with their se- veral badges or ensigns of office. They have likewise a page, or train- bearer, a jester, dressed in a party-coloured jacket, whose ribaldry and gesticulation contribute not a little to the entertainment of some part of the company. The lord's music, consisting generally of a pipe and tabour, is employed to conduct the dance. All these figures, handsomely represented in basso relievo, stand in the north wall of the nave of Cirencester church, which vouches sufficiently 579 sufliclonlly for the antiquity of the custom. Some people tlnnk it a comniemorafion of the aivcient Drinkloan, a day of festivity for- merly observed by the tenants and vassals of the lord of the fee within his manor, the memory of which, on account of the jollitvof those meetings, the people have thus pi'cserved ever since. It may, notwithstanding, have its rise in Druidism, as on those occasions they always erect a May-pole, which is an eminent sign of it. I shall just remark that the mace is made of silk, finely plaited with ribbons on tlio top, and filled with spices and perfume, for such of the company to smell to as desire it. Does not this afford some light towards discovering the original use, and account for the name of the mace, now carried iu ostentation before the steward of the court on court days, and before the chief magistrate in cor- porations, as the presenting of spices by great men at their enter- tainments was a very ancient practice ? Mr. Robert Dover, who lived in the reign of King James I., in- stituted certain diversions on the Coteswolds, called after his name, which Avere annually exhibited at Willersey and Campden. Even now there is something to be seen of them every Thursday in Whit- sun Week, at a place about half a mile from Campden called Dover's Hill. The Cot^swold games, and their patron, are celebrated in a small collection of poems, intituled, " Annalia Dubrensia," written by Michael Drayton, Ben Jonson, and about thirty other eminent persons of their time, mostly addressed to the patron of the games. Rudder's Hist, of Gloucestershire, West. Mag. 3Iarch, 1780, p. 135. Athena^ Oxon. vol. ii. col. 812. Granger's Biog. Hist, of Engl. vol. ii. p. 398. 1 E 2 The 580 The Coteswold games are mentioned by Shakspeare in " The Merry Wives of Windsor," act i. so. 1. where Slender asks Page, " How does your fallow greyhound, sir? " I heard say, he was out-run on Cotsale/* Cotswold in Gloucestershire, where there was an annual celebration of games, consisting of rural sports and exercises. Note on the passage, in Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare. POLLINGTON, COUNTY OF YORK. The manor of Pollington, near Snaith, is copyhold, and the custom is there that if a copyholder dies seised of lands, having no issue male, but dauohters, and does not surrender it to them in his life-time, the same shall escheat to the lord of the said manor, and the daughters shall not inherit. Sir Henry Saville, of Methley, baronet, purchased this manor of Sir Thomas Metham, knight, and John Saville, of Methley aforesaid, esquire, now enjoyeth the same, 1G74. Ex MS. in Bibliotheca Monast. Ebor. HANTS, COUNTY OF. In the accounts of Magdalen College, in Oxford, there is a yearly allowance, pro mulieribus hockantibus, in some manors of theirs in Hampshire, where the men hock the women on Monday, and contra on Tuesday ; the meaning of it is, that on that day the women, in merriment, stop the ways with ropes, and pull passengers to them, desiring something to be laid out in pious uses ^. Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Hokeday, ^ See note on Calistoke, vol. i. p. 469. SHEFFIELD, 581 SHEFFIELD, COUNTY OF YORK. At this place there was a custom formerly used, that those per- sons who held lands of the manor of Sheflield, hy knights service, met yearly in the Wicker, near that town, on Easter ']\iesday, dressed in armour on horseback, and were there drawn up by a cap- tain, and proceeded from thence to the Tom n's Hall and back aoain ; after which parade they had a dinner provided for them by the lord's steward. The person whose duty it was to act as captain of this company was Wilson, esquire, of Broondiead, who, for several years, employed one Thomas Bamforlh, a scissar smith, as his deputy to officiate for him, to whom he used to lend his horse and swoi'd for the day, and tliis Bamforth, by heading up the men in that manner for several years, acquired the name of Captain Bamforth. In the pleadino-s upon a writ of quo warranto, brouoht aoainst Thomas de Furnival, before John de Vallibus, and others justices itinerant, at York, 7 Edw. I. 1271), he claimed to cause an assendjly of all his men in llallamshire to be held every vear after Easter, for the confirming- of the peace of the king, in the place of the Great Tourne. This account the editor's father was fiivoured v\ ith by John Wil- son, esquire, of Broondiead, a gentleman well skilled in the science of antiquities, son to the Mr. Wilson whose deputy Captain Bam- forth was. Mr. W ilson says he does not know how his ancestors came to head up the men, as there were gentlemen of more landed pro- perty in the manors which conqireliended Sheffield, Ilandsworth, Wliiston, Treeton, &c. but thinks it took rise from Adam \Vilson, of 582 of Brooniliead, his ancestor, who was shield-bearer or esquire to the said Lord Furnival, and had hinds given him in Wigtwisle, near Broomhead, which Mr. Wilson still possesses, for his good services in the wars against the Scots ; in which grant Thomas de Furnival calls him " Scutiger meus," and gives him the lands " pro bono servitio suo in guerram contra Scotos." This custom, Mr. Wilson says, was kept up till the year 1715, or 1716, when it, was quite dropped, but for what reason he knows not, unless the Duke of Norfolk, who was then lord of the district of Hallamshire, and was a Roman Catholic, thought it prudent so to do, lest some hundreds of his tenants, so arrayed, should give offence to government, especially at that time. ]Mr. Wilson further says, he was told by Mr. Andrew Wade and Mr. Thomas Radfoid, two old master cutlers, who could remember this custom several years, that it was usual to hang a large bag- filled with sand upon the bough of a tree in the Wicker, with a number of small rings fastened to it, at which they tilted full gallop with their swords drawn ; if they missed running their swords into one of the rings, the bag came back with such force that it knocked them off from the horse's back, which was good sport for the by- standers. W ADSLEY, KEAR SHEFFIELD, COUNTY OF YORK. The same Mr. W ilson also says, he has heard old men speak of another ancient custom in the manor of Wadslcy, which was, that the lord or owner of Wadsley Hall always maintained twelve men and their horses, at free commons, twelve days in Christmas, and Avhen they went away, every one stuck a large pin or a needle in the mantle tree. CHIPPENHAM, 583 CIIIPPEMIAM, COUNTY OF WILTS. Upon inquisition taken, 10 Edw. II., it appeared tliat tlie tenants in Cliippenliani held their tenures there aeeordino- to the custom of ancient demesne, and pleaded in the court there 1>y the kino's writ of riglit, according to the custom of the manor. Madox's Firina Burgi, 248. HARROW ON THE HILL, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. In 21 Rich. II. the h^rd of tlie manor had a custom, that by sum- mons of his bailiff ni)on a o;eneral reap day, then called Magna Precaria, the tenants should do a certain nund)er of days work for him ; every tenant that had a chimney being obliged to send a man. This manor belonged to Sir John Rushout, bart. in 1735, Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Maona Precaria. » TREGON, COUNTY OF CORNWALL. In ejectment a special verdict was found, viz. that the lands in question were part of the manor of Tregon, of which the bishop of Exeter, lessor of the plaintilf, was seised ; and that, by custom of the manor, the said lands were demiseable, by copy of court roll, to two or three persons for their lives and the life of the survivor, ha- bendum successive sicut nominantur in charta, et non aliter, and that the lord was to have a heriot on the death of every tenant dyino* seised, &c. 1 Salk. 188. Smartle v. Penhallow% MAN, ISLE OF. There are a great many laws and customs which are peculiar to this place, some of which, I hope, will not be thought improper to insert 584 insert here. The eldest daughter (if there be no son) inherits, though there be more chiklren. Camd. Brit. 1-154. The wives through the wljole ishand have a power to dispose by will (though their husbands be Uving) of one moiety of the goods, moveable and immoveable, except in the six northern parishes, where the wife, if she has had children, can only dispose of a third part of the living goods. Ibid. A widow has one half of her husband's real estate, if she be his first wife, and one quarter if she be the second or third ; but if any widow marries, or miscarries, she loses her widow-right in her hus- band's estate. Ibid. When any of the tenants fell into poverty, and were not able to pay their rents and services, the sitting quests, consisting of four old nioars or bailiffs in every parish, were obliged to find such a tenant for the estates as would secure the lord's rent, &c. who, after his name was entered into the court rolls, had an unquestionable title to the same. Ibid. A child got before marriage shall inherit, provided the marriage follows within a year or two, and the woman was never defamed be- fore with regard to any other man. Ibid. Executors of spiritual men have a right to the year's profits, if they live till after twelve of the clock on Easter Day. Ibid. 1455. They still retain an usage (observed by the Saxons before the Conquest) that the bishop, or some priest appointed by him, do al- ways 585 ways sit in their ffrcat court alons; with the governor, till sentence of V o ran' death (if an;\) be to be performed. Canid. Brit. 1-15.5. THETFORD, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. AVithin the town of Thetford there was a custom, that all eccle- siastical causes arising within the said town should be determined before the dean there, having a peculiar ecclesiastical jurisdiction ; and that no inhabitant of the same town should be drawn before any other ecclesiastical judge ; and that every person suing contrary to that custom, the same being presented before the mayor of Thet- ford, should forfeit s. 8 d. 3 Inst. 121. IIADDENIIAM, COUNTY OF BUCKS. The tenants of the manor of Haddenham, in the county of Bucks, heretofore paid a rent in kind, called Booting Corn, to the prior of Rochester. Perhaps it was so called, as being paid by the tenants by way of bote, boot, or compensation to the lord for his makin"* them leases. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Booting Corn. » MARLBOROUGH, COUNTY OF WILTS. In this place, every freeman, by ancient custom, gave to the mayor at his admission a couple of greyhounds, two white capons, and a white bull. Now they only pay something in money in lieu of it ; but the arras of the town plainly point to this custom, being blazoned thus : party per saltier, gules and azure ; on the first quarter gules, a bull argent; on the second, azure, a cock or capon argent; the third as the second ; and on the base, oules, are three jj-revhounds cur- rent, argent, between two roses, gules. Camd. Brit. tit. AVilt- shire. 4 P ALNWICK, 586 ALNWICK, COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND. The custom of making freemen of Alnwick Common is not less singular than ridiculous. The persons that are to be made free, or, as the phrase is, tliat are to leap the well, assemble in the Market- place, very early in the morning, on the 25lh of April, being St. Mark's Day. They are on horseback, with every man his sword by his side, dressed in white, with white night-caps, and attended by the four chamberlains and the castle bailiff, who are also mounted and armed in the same manner. From the Market-place they pro- ceed in great order, Avith music playing before them, to a large dirty pool, called the Freeman's AVell, on the confines of the Com- mon. Here they draw up in a body, at some distance from the wa- ter, and then, all at once, rush into it, like a herd of swine, and scran)ble through the mud as fast as they can. As the water is generally breast-high, and very foul, they come out in a condition not much better than the heroes of the Dunciad, after diving in Fleet Ditch ; but dry clothes being ready for them on the other side, they put them on with all possible expedition, and then, taking a dram, remount their horses, and ride full gallop round the whole confines of the district, of which, by this achieve- ment, they are become free. After having completed this circuit, they again enter the town, sword in hand, and are generally met by women, dressed up with ribbons, bells, and garlands of gum flowers, who welcome them with dancing and sino;ing, and are called Timber waits ^. The heroes then proceed in a body till they come to the house of one of their company, where they leave him, having first drank another dram : 587 dram : the remaining number proceed to the house of the second >vith the saine ceremony, and so of the rest, till the last is left to go home by himself. The houses of the new freemen are on this day distinguished by a great holly bush, which is i>lanted in the street before them, as a signal for their friends to assemble, and make merry with them at their return. This strange ceremony is said to have been instituted bvKinir John, in memory of his having once bogged his horse in this pool, now called the Freeman's Well *. f Perhaps a corniption of timbrel waits, players on timbrels ; waits being an old word for those who play on musical instruments in the streets. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD. Speed, in the Life of Henry V. tells us, that when he was Prioce of Wales, " He came into his father's presence in a " strano-e disguise, beino; in a g-arment of blue satin, wrought full " of eylet-holes, and at every eylet the needle left hanging by the *' silk it was wrought with." The following custom, observed an- nually on the feast of the Circumcision at Queen's College, explains it. The bursar gives to every member a needle and thread, in re- membrance of the founder, whose name was [Roberf] Egglesfield, falsely deducing it from two French words, aiguille fil, a needle and thread, according to the custom of former times, and the doctrine of rebuses. * Gent. Mag. vol. xxvi. p. 73. 4 F 2 Ecclesfield, 588 Ecclesfiekl, however, is pure Saxon, and not French, and the founder of Queen's College was an Enolishman, born in Cuniber- hind. He was, however, confessor to a queen of Dutch extrac- tion 11|||, daughter to the Earl of Ilainault and IIoHand, a circum- stance which, probably, gave rise to the false derivation of his nanie§|i§. Now, Prince Henry having been a student in that college, this strange garment was, probably, designed by him to express his academical character, if it was not indeed his academical habit, and such as was then worn by the sons of noblemen. In either case, it was the properest habit he could appear in, his father being, at that time, greatly apprehensive of some trouble, from his active and ambitious temper, and afraid of his taking the crown from him, as he did at last ; and the habit of a scholar was so very dillercnt from that of a soldier, in those days, that nothing could better efface the impressions the king had received against him, than this silent declaration of his attachment to literature, and renunciation of the sword*. ||j.[| Phillipa, Queen to King Edward III. §1|§ I cannot find that he (Robert Egglesfield) had any higher pre- ferment in the church than the rectory of Brough, in Westmor- land f. He founded Queen's College, anno 1340. BRADFORD, COUNTY OF WILTS. In the manor of Bradford, in the county of Wilts, the tenants paid to the Marquis of Winchester, their landlord, a small yearly * Gent. Mag. vol, xxvi. p. 1 19. t Granger's Biograpli. Hist, of Engl. vol. i. p. 48. rent, 500 rent, by the name of Lard in o- Money : Avliich, I conceive, (says Blount) to be for liberty to feed their hogs with the mast of tho lord's woods ; the fat of a hog being called lard, lllount's Law Diet, in verbo. Or it may be a commutation for some customary service of carrying salt or meat to the lord's larder. This was called Lardarium in old charters, and Decirnam Lardarij dc Iloga. 3Ion. Anol. i. 3-22. o SWINTON, COUNTY OF YORK. Two farms, lying in that township, which belong to Earl Fitz- Avilliani, late in the occupations of John fiercer and Richard Thompson, every year change their parish, for one year, from Easter-day at twelve at noon, till next Easter-day at the same hour, they lie in the parish of Mexbrough, and then till the Eastcr- day following, at the same hour, they are in the parish of Wath- upon-Derne, and so alternately. These farms consist of about 302 acres. Edit. MARHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. It was resolved in a case concerning the parsonage of Marham, that wltereas in the county of Norfolk there is a special manor of Common called Shacke, Avliich is to be taken in arable land, after harvest, until the land be sowed again, &c. ; and that began in ancient time in this manner ; the fields of arable lands in this county do consist of the lands of several persons, lying intermixed in several small parcels, so that it is not possible for any of them, without trespass to others, that they can feed their cattle in their own land ; and therefore every one doth put in their cattle to feed promiscuously in the open field. These Avords " to have Shacke," is 590 is as much as to say go at liberty, or at large ; in which the policy of okl times is to be observed, that the severance of fields, in such small parcels, to so many several persons, was to avoid inclosure and to maintain tillage. 7 Hep. 5. Sir Miles Corbett's case. TANISTRY LAW, IN IRELAND. Anciently Ireland (as we learn from Giraldus Cambrensis) was divided into five almost equal portions, namely. North and South Munster, Leinster, Ulster, and Conaught ; but afterwards Mcath, which, in that partition of the country, had been annexed to the monarchy of the whole island, as a royal demesne, was separated from it, and given to a prince of the Hy Nial family ; in conse- quence of which it became one kingdom of the pentarchy ; another being composed of the two Munsters united. There were also a great number of lesser districts, or lordships, contained within these five realms, and governed by chiefs of septs or clans, some of whom were called kings, and all exercised a kind of regal authority over their own people. In each dynasty, great or small, the prince or chief was elected under the same regulations as the supreme monarch ; the rule of succession being called the Tanistry Law, because the successor so appointed in the life-time of tlie person M'ho governed the seignury, bore the title of Tauist. Lord Lyttleton's Hist, of Hen, II. vol. iii. p. 20. mLLINGHAM, COUNTY OF KENT. Within this manor the custom is such, that the Port reeve f is to be elected by the homage. Madox Firma Burgi, 07. ^ Port greve, or Port reeve, signifies with us a magistrate in cer- tain din talii sea-coast (owns, and as Camden, in liis BiUannia, p. 32-5, sailli Ihe chief magistrate of London was so called.. Jacob. BEREALSTOX, COUNTY OF DEVON, Was made a borouoli bv its ancient lords, but sent no buro-esses to parliament until 27 Eliz. The returnin(>- officer is the port reve, who is annually' chosen in the lord's court by the freeholders. Gor- don's Hist. p. 244. STRETFORD HUNDRED, COUNTY OF OXFORD. The custom of the hundred of Stretford, in the comity of Oxford, is, that the heirs of tenements, Avithin the Inindred aforesaid, exist- ing after the death of their ancestors, shall have Principal, i. e. an heir-loom, viz. of every kind of cattle ; the best waggon, best plough, best cup, &c.* WARLINGIIAM, COUNTY OF SURREY. In the pai'ish of Warlingham, in Surrey, tliere is (or was, about thirty or forty years ago.) a custom which seems to refer to the rites performed in honour of Pomona. Early in the spring, the boys go round to the several orchards in the parisli, and whip the apple trees in order to procure a plentiful crop of fruit, and, after having done it, they carry a little bag to the house, where the good woman gives them some meal. Gent. Mag. vol. lii. p. 367. * Consuetudo hundredi de Stretford, in palium, anglice, an lieir-loonio, viz. dequodatn com. Oxon. est, quod hajredcs tcncmentorum genere catallorum, utLnsiiiuui, &c. optimum infra liuudredum predict, existen. post mortem plaustrum, optimam canicam, optimum ci- antecessorum suorum habebunt, &C. Priuci- pluun, ficc. I Just. IS, b. ARDLEY, 592 ARDLEY, COUNTi^ OF HERTFORD. In tliis manor there is an ancient custom that if any tenant died seised of any copyhold land, held hereof without heir male, and leave two, three, or more daughters or sisters, the eldest daughter or sister shall be sole heir to such copyhold- land, and the other daughters or sisters shall have no part thereof. Chauncy's Hist. Antiq. of Hertfordshire, p. 53. NORTHAMPTON, COUNTY OF. By the custom of the comity of Northariipton, in the absence of the sheriff, the frank pledge may make deliverance of goods dis- trained. Complete Attorney and Solicitor, edit. 1676, p. 158. NEW COLLEGE, COUNTY OF OXFORD. There is an ancient custom (the original whereof we cannot find) of the fellows of New College, in Oxford, who, every Holy Thurs- day, between eight and nine o'clock in the morning, go to the Hos- pital of St. Bartholomew, and a little without the city eastward, where, in the chapel, they hear certain prayers read, and an anthem sung ; from whence they go to the upper end of the grove, adjoin- ing to the chapel, (the way being strewed with sweet flowers,) and place themselves round the well, where they chaunt forth a song composed of three, four, or more parts ; after the performance of which, they refresh with a morning draught, and then retire to Oxford to be present at the sermon. Universal Library, or Com- plete Summary of Science, edit. 1722, p. 357. WEST 593 WEST IIADDON, COUXTY OF NORTHAMPTON. Northampton, ss. Amongst the orders or decrees of the term of St. Michael, 21 Ellz. remaining in the Exchequer, and in the custody of the Ring's Remembrancer, among otlier things, is contained thus : Upon the hearing of the matter betwixt Ralph Turner, vicar of West Haddon, and Edward Andrews, it is ordered, that the said vicar shall have, by reason of the words altaragium cum nianso conipetenti, contained in the composition of the profits assigned for the vicar's maintenance, all such things as he ought to have by these words, according to the definition thereof, made by the Reve- rend Father in God John, Bishop of London, upon conference with the Civilians, viz : David Hewes, Judge of the Admiralty ; Bartholomew Clark, Dean of the Arches ; John Gibson, Henry James, Lawrence Hewds, and Edward Stanhope, all Doctors of the Civil Law, that is to say ; by altaragium, tithes of wool, lamb, colt, calf, pigs, goslings, chickens, butter, cheese, hemp, fiax, honey, fruits, herbs, and such other small tithes, with offerings, that shall be due within the parish of West Iladdon. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Altarage. PENCOMB, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. The lord of the manor of Pencomb, by ancient custom, claims a pair of gilt spurs, as an heriot, from every mayor of Hereford who dies in his office. Blount. Gough^s Camd. vol. iii. p. 86 MAN, ISLE OF. Tlie governor and officers of the island, do usually call the 4 G twenty- 594 twenty-four keys, being the chief commons thereof, especially once every year, viz. upon Midsummer-day, at St. John's Chapel, to the court, parliament, or annual convention of the people, kept there, called the Tinewald Court ; where, upon a hill near the said chapel, all the inhabitants of the island stand round about and in the plain adjoining, and hear the laws and ordinances agreed upon in the chapel of St. John, which are published and declared unto them ; and at this solemnity the lord of the island sits in a chair of state, with a royal canopy over his head, and a sword held before him, attended by the several degrees of the people, who sit on each side of him, &c. King's Descript. of the Isle of Man. Jac. Law Diet. tit. Tinewald. But now let us come to their laws, and jurisdiction of this isle, the like whereof we find not in any place. Their judges they call deemsters, (from dema, a Saxon word, to judge) which they choose out of themselves. All controversies they determine with- out process, pleading, Avriting, or any charge or expence at all. If any case be ambiguous, and of greater weight, it is referred to twelve, which they call Claves Insulae, the keys of the island. They have coroners, («|uos annuos vocant) who supply the office of a sherifT. 4 Inst. 284. Vide Hist, of the Isle of Man and House of Stanley, pp. 194. 221. SOMERTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET. Sir John Stowell, lord of this manor, prescribed to have a lawful court in a great moor, part of the said manor, for the better order- ing the cattle of the tenants, in which moor they had a right of common ; and at which court all the commoners ought to appear by custom, 595 custom, &c. and that an homage hath been used to be sworn there b^ the steward, which homage hath used to present all offences in the common, and to make bye-laws for the better ordering tliercof, which the commoners ought to obey under a reasonable penalty to be assessed on them, and to be forfeited to the lord. Adjudged a good custom, in the case of James v. Tutney. Cro. Car. 497. Comp. Cop. 50G. LOSTWITHIEL, COUNTY OF CORNWALL. Upon Little Easter Sunday, the freeholders of the towne and niannour, by themselves or their deputies, did there assemble ; amongst whom, one (as it fell to his lot by turne) brauely apparelled, gallantly mounted, with a crown on his head, a sceptre in his hand, a sword borne before him, and dutifully attended by all the rest, also on horseback, rode thorow the principall streete to the church : there the curate, in his best beseene, solemnly received him at the church-yai'd stile, and conducted him to hear divine ser- vice : after which, he repaired with the same pompe, to a house foreprovided for that purpose, made a feast to his attendants, kept ttie table's end himselfe, and was served with kneeling, assay, and all other rights due to the estate of a prince ; with which dinner the ceremony ended, and every man returned home again. The pedi- gree of this usage is derived from so many descents of ages, that the cause and authour outreach remembrance : howbelt, these cir- cumstances offer a conjecture that it should betoken the rovalties appertaining to the honour of Cornwall. Carew's Survey of Corn- wall, edit. 1769, lib. ii. p. 137. 4 G 2 WAKEFIELD, 596 WAKEFIELD, COUNTY OF YOKK. In ejectment for copyhold lands, held of this manor, it was ad- mitted at a trial at bar, that, by the custom of that manor, copyhold lands miffht be intailed ; and that the custom to bar such intails is for the tenant in tail to commit a forfeiture ; and then, after three proclamations made, the lord of the manor may seise for such for- feiture, and re-grant the lands to the copyholder and his heirs, by which means he hath an estate in fee, and by consequence the estate tail is gone ; but that another custom to bar such intails is, for the tenant in tail in possession to make a surrender to a purchaser and his heirs, and then such purchaser is to commit a forfeiture, for which the loi'd of the manor is to seise, and to re-grant to the pur- chaser, and by this means the issue in tail are barred, though the tenant in tail did not join. 1 Sid. 314. Pilkington v. Stanhope. WALES. In Wales there was formerly a custom called Assach, which was a purgation by the oath of 300 men, as appears by the statute of the 1st Hen. V. cap. C. " Par un assach solone la custume de gales, cest a dire par le serement de ccc hommes." Pennant's Tour in Wales, 1773, p. 3G4. SHEEPSIIEAD, COUNTY OF LEICESTER. Every resiant within this manor pays 1 d. per poll to the lord at the court held after Michaelmas, which is there called common fine. Blount's Law Diet, sub verbo. ROTIILEY, COUNTY OF LEICESTER. The manor is extensive, and is invested with peculiar jurisdiction in 507 in ecclesiastical affairs ; beino* free from all liicrhcr courts, and, as the lord of the manor can grant licences of marriage, is exempt from the jurisdiction and visitation of the bishop of the diocese. " The custom of gavelkind prevails throughout the soke ; a soke- man's widow holds all her husband's real property therein, so long- as she continues such ; and the lord receives an alienation fine for every first purchase made by a foreigner, i. e. a uon-sokeman. These several privileges are holdon in virtue of a patent of the land heretofore of the Knights Templars, and afterwards of the Knights Hospitalers, who originally enjoyed it by special and express words conveyed by the patent ; which, with all its privileges, was conveyed to the ancestor of the present owner (Thomas Babington, esquire, of Rothley Temple, lord of the manor.) The soke of Rothley en- joys moreover the privileges of court leet, court baron, &c. oyer, terminer, and gaol delivery, independent of the county *." WRITTELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX. In this manor there is a custom, that the tenants of the manor have the wood growing in such fences (called Frampole Fences) as lie against the lord's demesnes, and as many trees or poles as they can reach from the top of the ditch with the helve of their axes, towards the repair of their fences. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Frampole Fences. KENT, COUNTY OF. There is a special and ancient kind of cessavit used in Kent, where the custom of gavelkind continues, called Gavelet, whereby * Nichols's Hist, of Leicestershire, vol. iii. p. 955. Bradley and Britton's Beauties of Eng- land and Wales, vol. ix. p. 406. the 590 the tenant shall forfeit his lands and tenements to the lord, if he withdraw from him his due rents and services ; after this manner. The lord must seek, by the award of his court, from three weeks to three weeks, to find some distress upon the tenement, until the fourth court, always with witnesses, and if in that time he can find none, then at the fourth court let it be awarded, that he take the tenement into his hand in the name of a distress, and keep it a year and a day without manuring ; within which time, if the tenant pay his arrears, and make reasonable amends for the with-holding, let him have and enjoy his tenement as before ; and if he come not be- fore the year and day be past, let the lord go to the next county court* with his witnesses of what passed at his own court, and pro- nounce there this process to have further witnesses ; and then, by the award of his own court, he shall enter and manure the tenement as his own : and if the tenant will afterwards re-have it, and hold it as he did before, let him make agreement with the lord according to this old saying : Neghesith selde and neghesith geld, and £6 for his were, er he become healder ; i. e. He has not since any thing given, nor any thing paid, Then let him pay £,6 for his were, ere he become healder again. Other copies have the first part thus written and expounded : Nigondsith yeld and nigondsith geld : Let him nine times pay, and nine times repay. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Gavelet. RODELY, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER. The tenants of this manor pay to the lord a certain rent, called Sand Gavel, for liberty granted them to dig sand for their uses. Taylor's 599 Taylor^s Hist, of Gavelkind, 113. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Sand Gavel. NORFOLK, COUNTY OF. In this county they b.ave a custom called Siiark, Aviiieh is to have common for hogs, from the end of harvest till seed time, in all men's grounds without control ; and in that county to go at Shack, is as much as to go at large. 7 Rep. 5. Corbett's Case. LEMPSTER, COUNTY OF HEREFORD. The vicar of Lempster has a certain payment, called Trug Corn, allowed him for officiating at some chapels of ease (as Stoke and Dorklay) within that parish. Tres trugge frumenti vel avense fa- ciunt 2 bushels infra prebendam de Hunderton in ecclesia Heref. MS. temp. Edw. III. Perhaps it may come from the Saxon Tj-03, which sio;nifies a o-reat hollow vessel or trouo-h. Blount's Law Dicti. tit. Trug. LONDON. In an action of debt in London, the course of proceeding in it is thus : the action being entered, the officer goes to the shop or ware- house of the defendant when there is nobody within, and takes a padlock and hangs it upon the door, &c. using these words, viz. " I do sequester this warehouse, and the goods and merchandizes " therein of the defendant in the action, to the use of the plaintiff, " &c." and so puts on his seal, and makes return thereof at the Compter ; then four court days being past, the next court after the plaintiff may have judgment to open the doors of the shop or ware- house, and to appraise the goods therein by a serjeant, who takes a bill of appraisement, having two freemen to appraise them, for which they are to be sworn at the next court holden for that Compter ; and coo and then the officer puts his hand to the bill of appraisement, and the court granteth judgment : though the defendant in the action may put in bail before satisfaction, and so dissolve the sequestration ; and after satisfaction may put in bail ad disprobandum debitum, &c. Pract. Solic. 420. GUILDFORD, COUNTY OF SURREY. Near Rye, in the parish of East Guildford, the inhabitants have a peculiar way of tithing their marsh lands, whereby they pay only 3 d. an acre while in pasture, but if ploughed 5 s. Camd. Brit. 212. WIGENHALE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. At a session of sewers, held at Wigenhale in Norfolk, 9 Edw. III. it was decreed that if any one should not repair his proportion of the banks, ditches, and causeways, by a day assigned, 12 d. for every perch unrepaired should be levied upon him, which is called a bye-law, and if he should not by a second day given him ac- complish the same, then he should pay for every perch 2 s. which is called Byscott. Hist, of Imbanking and Draining, Jacob's Law Diet. sub. tit. Byscott. WRITTELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX. It is an ancient custom within this manor, that whatever tenant hath his fore-door opening to Greenbury, pays a halfpenny yearly to the lord of the manor, by the name of Green Silver, Blount's Law Diet, in verbo. CORNWALL, COUNTY OF. In Cornwall it was a custom that a freeman, marrying Nativam, if he 601 he had two danijhters, one of them was free and the other \ilain. Bract, lib. iv. cap. 21. Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Nativi de Stipite. BURY ST. EDMUNDS, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK. The monks of Bury had heretofore, to brinj^* jvfist to their mil!, spread an opinion, that if any married woman were barren, and had no children, if she would but come with a white bull to the Bier of St. Edmund (whence that town derives its name) and make her of- ferings and vows, she should presently afterwards conceive with child ; the manner whereof was thus : a white bull was provided, curiously adorned with <^arlands of flowers between his horns, ribbons, &c. who being led by one of the monks, the lady or wo- man followed him, often strokino; him, and the rest of the relioious crew attending- her, as in a procession. They commonly set forth from the South Gate, and so (to be more pubhcly seen) passed through Church-street, Guildhall-street, and Cock-row, down to the great gate of the Abbey, whence the woman proceeded to St. Edmund's shrine, said her prayers, made her oIFerings, and re- turned with full assurance of a speedy conception. This had got such credit, that not only divei"s eminent women of England frequented it, but even from beyond the seas ladies caused it to be done ; and that a white bull for this sacred use might not be wanting, the tenants of the Abbey lands were obliged to find one always in readiness, as appears by several of their leases, viz. " This indenture witnesses, that Mr. John Swafl'ham, sacrist of the monastery of St. Edmund of Bury, with the assent and will of the prior and convent of that place, has granted and to farm let,^ to Simon Lolepeke, of Bury aforesaid, yeoman, the manor called 4 H Ilabyrdon, 602 Ilabyrdon, in Bury aforesaid, &c. to hold, &c. for the term of seven years, &e. yielding therefore yearly, &c, : and the said Simon, his executors and assigns, shall find, or cause to be found, one white bull every year of his said term, as oft as it shall happen that any gentlewoman, or any other woman, out of devotion, or vow by them made, shall come to the Bier of the glorious king and martyr St. Edmund, to make their oblations of the white bull. In witness whereof, &c." Dated the 4th of June, in the second year of King Henry the Seventh, [1487.] 2d. " This indentiu'e, made the 12th of September, in the eleventh year of King Henry the Eighth [1519], between John Eyre, sacrist of the monastery of St. Edmund of Bury, and Richard Skinner, of Bury aforesaid, husbandman, witnesses that the said John, by the assent, «&c. hath granted and to farm letten to the said Richard the manor of Habyrdon, &c. for the term of ten years, &c. : and the said Richard shall find one white bull as often as it shall happen^ &c." [as in the former deed.] 3d. " This indenture witnesses, that John, by divine permission, abbot of the monastery of St. Edmund of Bury, by the assent, &c. hath letten to Robert Right, glazier, and John Anable, pewterer, of Bury aforesaid, our manor of Habyrdon, with the appurtenances, for twenty years, yielding, &e. : and that the said Robert and John shall find yearly one white bull as often [as above.] In witness, &c." Dated the 28th of April, in the 25th year of Henry VIII. Ann. Dom. 1533. 4th. " To all faithful Christian people that shall inspect these presents, John Svvaffham, sacrist of the monastery of St. Edmund of COS of Bury, an exempt jurisdiction appcrtaininf^ immediately to the apostolic see, and archdeacon of the same place, liealtli, on [from] the Author of Health ; we make [made in the ori<|;inal] known to you all hy these presents, that Father Peter Minnehode, licentiate in holy theology, and Father Peter Brune, to(>(>ther with Father Cor- nelius, a lay brother of the order of Carmelites of the city of Gaunt, on the 2d day of the month of June, in the year of our Lord 1474, did, in the presence of many credible persons, offer at the Bier of the glorious king, virgin, and martyr St. Edmund, at Bury afore- said, one white bull, according to the ancient custom, to the honour of God and the said glorious martyr, in relief of the desire of a certain noble lady. Sealed with the seal of our office." Dated the day, place, and year aforesaid. The first and last of these deeds were, within these fifty years, extant, and the originals to be seen in the hands of one Mr. James Capin, a public notary, and proctor in the ecclesiastical court ; the second in the hands of Mr. John Malosse, an attorney of the court of connnon pleas ; the third in the custody of Mr. John Hill, an attorney of the king's bench, all three persons of repute and un- questionable credit, and at the same time of St. Edmund's Bury ; and no doubt those originals are yet remaining in the possession of some of the heirs or succeedents of those respective oentlemen. However, we are assured that a transcript of the third of them, under seal, remains on record at the Augmentation office*. * Antiquarian Repertory, vol. i. p. 131. 4 H 2 EXETER, mi EXETER, CITY OF. The citizens of Exeter had granted to iheni, by charter from Kino- Edward I., a collection of a certain tribute or toll upon all manner of wares brought to that city to be sold, towards paving of the streets, repairing of the walls, and maintenance of the city, which was commonly called, in old English, Begavel, Bethugavel, and Chipping-gavel. Antiq. of Exeter. Jacob's Law Diet. sub. tit. Begavel. GOTHAM, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM. Cuckoo Bush, near Gotham, tradition says, was planted or set to commemorate a trick, which the inhabitants of Gotham put upon Kin<>- John. The tale is told thus : King John, passing through this place towards Nottingham, intending to go over the meadows, was prevented by the villagers; they apprehending that the ground over which a king passed, was for ever after to become a public road. The king, incensed at their proceedings, sent from his court soon after some of his servants, to inquire of them the rea- son of their incivility and ill treatment, that he might punish them by way of fine, or some other way he might judge most proper. The villagers, hearing of the approach of the king's servants, thought of an expedient to turn away his majesty's displeasure from them : when the messengers arrived at Gotham, they found some of the inhabitants engaged in endeavouring to drown an eel in a pool of water ; some were employed in dragging carts upon a large barn, to shade the wood from the sun ; others were tumbling their cheeses down a hill, that they might find their way to Nottingham for sale ; and some were employed in hedging in a cuckoo, which had perched upon 605 upon an old bush which stood where the present one now stands ; in short, they were all em[)loyed in some foolish way or other, which convinced the kino's servants that it was a villatve of fools : whence arose the old adage, " The wise men," or, " The fools of Go- « diam." The words of an luinible poet may be here applicable : " Tell me no more of Gotham fools, " Or of their eels in little pools, " Which they were told were drowning ; " Nor of their carts drawn up on high *' When King John's men were standing by, " To keep a wood from browning. « Nor of their cheese shov'd down the hill, " Nor of a cuckoo sitting still, " While it they hedged round ; *' Such tales of them have long been told, " By prating boobies, young and old, " In drunken circles crown'd, " The fools are those who thither o-o, " To see the cuckoo bush I trow, " The wood, the barn, and pools ; " For such are seen both here and there, " And passed by without a sneer, " By all but errant fools." , . . • Thoroton's Hist, of Nottingham, vol. i, pp. 42, 43, 44. TORPULL, 606 TORPULL, COUNTY OF SUSSEX. Near the sea stands Broadwater, the barony of the Lords Camoys, who have flourished from the time of Edward I. to the last aoe but one, when the estate came by James to the Lewkners and Rad- milds. Of this family was John de Camois, son of Lord Ralph de Camois, who, by an example as new in those times as in the present, " of his own free will gave and" (to speak in the words of the par- liament rolls) " demised his wife Margaret, daughter and heiress of " John de Gaidesdcn, to Sir WiUiam Painell, knight*, and gave, " granted, released, and quitted to him all the goods and chattels " that he had, or might hereafter have, and also whatever was his " of the same Margaret's goods and chattels, with their appur- *' tenances, so that neither he, nor any other in his name, should *' or might make any demand or claim on the said Margaret for *« the goods and chattels of the said Margaret henceforth for " ever." This M'as, according to the ancient phrase, ut omnia sua secum haberet, packing her off bag and baggage. In consequence of this grant, the claiming dower in the manor of TorpuU, which belonged to John de Camois, her first husband, occasioned a re- markable suit, which she lost ; it being determined that she had no right to dower from thence -f. BALDOCK, * With whom she had cohabited. Dugd. i. tarn de Camoys, filiam et heiedem Johannis 767. de Gaidesdeii, uxorem nieam. Et etiain de- ■f Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos hoc disse concessisse et eidem Domino Gulielmo presens scriptum pervenerit. Johannes de relaxasse et qiiietum clamasse omnia bona et Camoys, filius et heres Domini Radulphi de catalla quae ipsa Margaietta habet vel de ce- Camoys, Salutem in domino. Noveritis me tero habere possit, et etiam quicquid mei est tradidisse et deniisisse spontanea mea voiuntate de pred. Marg;irelta5 bonis vel catallis cum suis Domino Guliel. de Paynel, militi, Margaret- pertin'. Ita quod nee ego, nee aiiquis alius nomine 601 BALDOCK, COUNTY OF llEinTORI). To this manor belongs court lect and baron, and it is the ciis- ■loni, when the steward appears at any court, the bell tolls, and the tenants immediately attend the court, do their suit and service at dinner, whither every baker and victualler sendeth a loaf of bread and a flaggon of ale or beer, that the steward and jury may examine the measure of their pots, weigh their bread, and taste whether their bread, ale, or beer, be wholesome for man's body. Chaun- cey's Hist. Antiq. of Hertfordshire, edit. 1700, p. 382. RUDHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK. If any fight by turns in Rudham, and shall have drawn blood, the prior of Cokesford shall have an amerciament, called Blodvvite ^, in his court *. f Blodwite, according to some writei-s, was a customary fine paid as a compensation and atonement for shedding or drawing of blood, for which the place was answerable if the party was not discovered, and therefore a privilege or exemption from this fine or penalty was granted as a special favour. So King Henry II. granted to all tenants within the manor of AVallingford, ut (|uieti jiomine meo in predicta MargareUa bonis et posui, Sec. 2 Inst. 43.3. Camd. Brit. tit. SuS" Catailis ipsius Margarette cum suis pertinen' sex. Cough's Caiud. vol. i. p. 270. de cetero exigere seu vendicare poteiimus nee * Si aliqui pugnantes ad invicem in Rud- debemus imperpetuum. Volo et toncedo et ham, et extraxerint sanguineni, prior de Cokes- per presens scriptum confirmo. quod pradicta ford habebit inde amerciamenta (vocata Blod- Maro-aretta cum predicto Domino (iuliehno wite) in curia sna. Ex Regist. Priorat de sit et maneat, ex vohuitate ipsius Gulielmi. Cokesford. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Blod- In cujus rei testimonium sigillum meum ap- wite. slot G08 sint de bidagio et blodwite, &c. Parocli. Antiq. p. 114. Jacob's Law Diet, sub verbo. KENT, COUNTY OF. Certain land in this county, and elsewhere, is held by service of driving, as well of distresses taken for the lord's use as of the lord's cattle, from place to place, as to and from markets, fairs, and the like ; more particularly in Kent, of driving the lord's bogs to and from the Weald of Kent and the downs there ; and this land is called Drof Land. Soniner, of Gavelkind, 117. WRITIELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX. In this manor there is a custom, that every cart that comes over a pai't thereof called Greenbury (except it be the cart of a noble- man) pays four-pence to the lord of the manor, which custom is called Lap and Lace (Lep et Lasse.) This Greenbury is conceived to have anciently been a market-place, and thereupon had this pri- vileoe o-ranted. Tobias Edmonds, Gen. Senescal, ibidem. Blount's Law Diet, in verbis. BRIGSTOCK, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON. A sino-ular modification in copyhold tenure is constituted by the custom of this manor. If any man dies seised of copyhold lands or tenements, which come to him by descent in fee, his youngest son is legal heir ; but if such lands were purchased by him, then the eldest succeeds to the estate. Brayley and Brittou's Beauties of Eno:Iand and Wales, vol. xi. p. 201. MARCHES OF SCOTLAND. A custom that lands should descend always to the heirs male, viz. lo eon to the nialos in the collateral line, excluding females in the lineal, was held good, Avhich it was said was allowed anciently in the Marches of Scotland, in order to the defence of the realm, Mhicli was there most to be looked to; though it is said in Davis's Re- ports, that the custom of gavelkind, which was pretended in Ireland and Wales to divide onlv between males, was naught. But the former custom was adjudged good. Ilil. 18 Car. II. 2 Rot. 7 18. Trin. 20 Car. II. Rot. 719. B. R. 1 Vent. 88. KENT, COUXTY OF. In this county principally is still retained the custom of gavelkind, which signifies a tenure or custom whereby the lands of the father are equally divided at his death among all his sons, or the land of the brother among all the brethren, if he have no issue of his own. But this custom was afterwards altered, upon the petition of divers Kentish gentlemen in much of the land of that county, by stat. 31 Hen. VIII. cap. 3, which enacts, that " all the lordships, manors, " lands, tenements, Sec. lying and being within the county of Kent, " of which Thomas Crumwell, knight of the garter. Lord Crum- " well, of Wimbledon, lord privy seal, and thirty-three other lords, " knights, esquires, and gentlemen, therein named, should be " changed from the said custom, nature, and tenure of gavelkind, " and in no wise thereafter be departed or departable by the said " custom of gavelkind between heirs males, but should remain, re- " vert, abide, descend, come, and be, after and according as lord- " ships, manors, &c. do or may descend, &c. according to the " common law of this realm, &c." Blount's Law Diet. tit. Gavel- kind. 4 1 WALES. 610 WALES. Formerly many lands in this principality were of the nature of gavelkind ; but by the statute of the 34th and 35th Hen. YIIL sect. 91, it was enacted, " That all manors, lands, tenements, messuages, and other here- " ditaments, and all rights and titles to the same, in any of the said " shires of Wales, descended to any manner of person or persons " sith the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, in the thirty- " third year of our said sovereign lord's reign, or that hereafter " shall descend, be taken, enjoyed, used, and holden as English " tenure to all intents, according to the common law of this realm " of England, and not to be partable among heirs males after the " custom of gavelkind, as heretofore, in divers parts of Whales hath " been used and accustomed." IRISH GAVELKIND. The inferior tenancies below the degree of a Tanist ^, were partable, by the custom of the Irish gavelkind, among all the males of a sept, the spurious not excepted. And if, after such a parti- tion, any one of them died, his proportion was not shared among his sons, nor did it go by inheritance to the next of kin, but a new division was made of all the lands of the sept in equal parts by the chief; a practice very different from the Welch or Kentish gavel- kind, and of which the consequence was, that the landed property of the commons was perpetually changing from one man to an- other. -e§:|:§, commonly called Warshot, in bread, commonly called Manport§t§, and in increment of Peter Fence [*j, commonly called Fire Harth *. ^ Altarage, The offerings made upon the altar, and also the profit that arises to the priest by reason of the altar. Jacob. §|.§ Ceraffe. A payment to find candles in the church. Mat. Paris. Jacob. §f § Manport, or Main-port, is a small tribute, commonly of loaves of bread, which in some places the parishioners pay to the rectdr of their church in recompence for certain tithes. Cowell. * Vicaria de Wragby consistit in toto Al- in increraento Denarioium Saucti Peui, vui- taragio et in Ceragio, vuigariter diet. War- gariterdict. Fire tiarth. Spelni. Blount's Law shot, in panibus, vuigariter diet. Manport, et Diet. tit. JNIainporte. 4 L 2 [*] Peter 628 [*] Peter Pence. A tribute of one penny for every house, given by King Ina to the church of St. Peter at Rome, in his pilgrimage thither, A.D. 720. WEST SLAPTON, COUNTY OF DEVON. In this manor, if any tenant die possessed of a cottage, he is by the custom to pay to the lord sixpence for a farley, which I suppose may be in lieu of a heriot ; for in some manors westward they dis- tinguish farleu to be the best good, as heriot is the best beast pay- able at the tenant's death. Blount's Law Diet, sub voce Farley, or Farleu. GLOUCESTER, THE COUNTY OF. A custom, savouring of the Scotch Bel-tein *, prevails in Glouces- tershire, particularly about Newent and the neighbouring parishes, on the Twelfth Day, or on the Epiphany, in the evening : all the servants of every particular farmer assemble together in one of the * On the 1st of May, the herdsmen of of them ; each person then turns his face to every village (in Scotland) hold their Bel-tein, the lire, breaks oft" a knob, and flinging it a rural sacrifice : they cut a square trench on over his shoulders, says, " This I give to thee, the ground, leaving the turf in the middle; on preserve thou my horses; this to thee, preserve that they make a fire of wood, on which they thou my sheep ;" and so on. After that they dress a large caudle of eggs, butter, oatmeal, use the same ceremony to the noxious ani- and milk ; and bring, besides the ingredients mals : " This I give to thee, O fox ! spare of the caudle, plenty of beer and whisky, for thou my lambs ; this to thee, O hooded crow ! each of the company must contribute some- this to ihee, O eagle !" thing. The rites begin with spilling some of When the ceremony is over, they dine on the caudle on the ground, by vVay of libation : the caudle ; and after the feast is finished,'what on that, every one takes a cake of oatmeal, is left is hid by two persons deputed for that upon which are raised nine square knobs, each purpose; but on the next Sunday they re- dedicated to some particular being, the sup- assemble, and finish the relics of the first enter- posed preserver of their flocks and herds, or tainment. Pennant's Tour in Scotland, 1772, to some particular auimal, the real destroyer pp. 94> 95, fields 620 fields that has been sown with wheat; on the bonier of which, in the most conspicuous or elevated place, thev make twelve fires of straw, in a row; around one of which, made larf^or than the rest, they drink a cheerful Sitchel, who suffered at Halifax gib- bet, on the 30th of April, IGoO, are preserved in an account of Halifax, published by William Bcntley, London, 1708, and in the Reverend Mr. Watson's History of Halifax, p. 'ill, «S:c- from which tliis account is taken. The gibbet stood a little way out of the town, towards the west- end, in a place still distinguished by the name of the Gibbet-lane. Here to this day is to be seen a square plalforni of earth, con- siderably raised from the level of the ground, walled about, and ascended by a flight of stone steps ; on this were placed two upright pieces 016 pieces of timber, five yards in height, joined at the top by a transverse beam; within these was a square block of wood, of the length of four feet and an half, which rose up and down between the said uprights, by means of grooves cut for that purpose ; to the lower end of this sliding block, an iron axe was fastened, which is yet to be seen at the gaol in Halifax ; its weight is seven pounds twelve ounces, its length full ten inches and an half, it is seven inches over at the top, and very near nine at the bottom, its middle is about seven inches and an half, and towards the top are two holes made to fasten it to the block above-mentioned. The axe thus fixed was drawn up to the top by means of a cord and pulley, and at the end of the cord was a pin, which, being fixed either to the side of the scaffold, or some other part below, kept it suspended, till either by pulling out the pin, or cutting the cord, it was suffered to fall, and the criminal's head was instantly separated from his body. Some authors say, that every man present took hold of the rope, or put forth his arm as near to it as he could, in token that he was willing to see true justice executed, and that the pin was pulled out in this manner ; but if the offender was apprehended for stealing an ox, sheep, horse, &c. the end of the rope was fastened to the beast, which, being driven, pulled out the [>in. The bailiff, jurors, and the minister, chosen by the prisoner, were always on the scaffold widi him, and the fourth psalm was played round the scaffold on the bagpipes; after which the mini- ster prayed with him a while till he underwent the fatal stroke. It appears by the register-books at Halifax, that from the year 1541, when entries of such transactions were first begun to be made, C47 made, to the year 1C50, when this custom of beheading criminals at IlaUfax ceased, there were executed in all forly-nine persons *. This was the ancient privilege of infang-theof ^, and utfang- theof .|.§|., often mentioned in ancient charters, and was continued to be exercised at Halifax later than at any other place in England, ^ Infang-theof, was a privilege or liberty granted to lords of cer- tain manors to judge any thief taken within their fee. I^s Termcs de la Ley. ^w ^§j Utfang-theof, was the privilege that thieves, or felons, belong- ing to a manor, but taken out of it, should be brought back to the lord's court and there judged. Ibid. LIDFORD, COUNTY OF DEVON. Lidford law has grown to a kind of a proverb, to hang men first, aaid indict them afterwards ; so called from a town of that name in Devonshire, where a court is held, Avhich was heretofore of greaf extent, the course w hereof is very summary | . The proverb alluded to above, is this ; " First hang and draw, *' Then hear the cause by Lidford Law j:." This was a most extraordinary custom, if it was ever used, which Mr. Ray seems to dispute, and calls it a hbellous proverb ; and yet I find, that " The custome of some country is such, that if one hath com- mitted burglary, or other felony, and he be pursued by buy and * Watson's History of Halifax, p. 214, et f Blount's Law Diet. tit. Lidford Law. scq. ■ + Ray's Proverbs, 22j. crie 613 crie from tovvne to towne, and so taken flying, lie mtist be be- headed in the presence of the inhabitants of foure townes, &nd so by the usage of that countrie he is accounted a felon. And this must be recorded in the coroner's roll, and, after, the coroner must present it before the justices, and they will adjudge him a felon : and so he must be first put to death, and after judged a felon *." I make no doubt but this might be the custom at Lid ford, and o-ive rise to the proverb, and that Mr. Pulton alluded to this law, though he mentions neither town nor county where it was prac- tised. A writer in the European Magazine for March, 1789, gives the following illustration of the subject : "As Mr. Grose, in his Local Proverbs, and Mr. Beckwith in his edition of Blount's Fragmenta Antiquitatis, have given an improper explanation of " First hang and draw, " Then hear the cause by Lidford Law," I beo" leave, through the channel of your entertaining magazine, to set them right; which, possibly, may afford a few minutes amuse- ment to some of your numerous readers. Lidford, a place about seven miles from Oakhampton, in the road to Tavistock, was formerly of some note, though now an obscure villaffe. It is famous for its castle, under which there is a most horrid, and, I may add, infernal dungeon. This dungeon was the prison for criminals proceeded against in the stannary courts * Pulton dc pace Regis et Regni, 243. G49 of Tavislock, Asliburton, Chaoford, and Plvniplon ; it being ex- pressly ordained by the charter or orunt made by Edward 1. that the warden of tlie stannaries, in the county of Devon, should have full power to justify the tinners, &c. ; and if any of the said tinners should in anything offend, whereby they ought to be impri- soned, they should be arrested by the warden ; and in the King's prison at Lidford, and not elsewhere, be kept and detained until they were delivered according to the law and custom of the realm. This charter was confirmed by parliament In the 'Ahh Edward 111. on the petition of the commonalty to prevent several abuses com- plained of by the petitiooers^ and amongst the rest, that there was not a delivery of the said gaol above once in ten years. Offenders being detained in this dismal hole, which is very siiiall and totally dark, and frequently for trilling offences, has given rise to the proverb above-mentioned ; clearly intimating that it is much better to be brought immediately to trial, and to suffer a more severe punishment than the crime deserves, if it be almost death itself,, than to be confined in this terrible unwholesome prison. In support of what I liave said, I shall quote some verses from a^ poem which was written by Mr. Brown *, and inserted in Mr. Grose's Local Proverbs : " 1 oft have heard of Lidford Law, " How in the morn thev hano; and draw, " And sit in judgment after ; " At first I wondered at it much, " But since I find the reason's such, " That it deserves no laughter. * Author of Britannia's Pastorals. See his Works. 4 o « They 650 " They have a castle on a liill, " I took it for an old windmill, " The vanes blown off by weather " To lie therein one night, 'tis guest " 'Twere better to be ston'd and prest, " Or hang'd, now choose you whether. " Ten men less room within this cave, " Than five mice in a lanthorn have ; " The keepers they are sly ones ; " If any could devise by art, " To get it up into a cart, " 'Twere fit to carry lions. " When I beheld it, Lord, thought J, " What justice and Mhat clemency " Hath Lidford! when I saw all: " 1 know none gladly there would stay, " But rather hang out of the vvay, " Than tarry for a trial. " One lies here for a seam of malt, " Another for a peck of salt, " Two sureties for a noble." JBy this you will perceive, that the proverb is applicable to those unfortunate wretches who are thrown into prison for petty offences, and, by the confinement, suffer a much greater punishment than their crime deserves>" Lidford 6ol Lidford Law, the Editor of the work adds, is mentioned in a pamphlet of the last century, entitled, " A brief Relation of the Death and Sufferings of Archbishop Laud. " Oxford, 4to. in these terms ; Lidford Law, by which they used to hang men first, and indict them afterwards. CHIRK CASTLE, COUNTY OF DENBIGH. In this county was a barbarous privilege, retained longer than in any other part of Britain, which was that of exempting from capital [)unishment even the most atrocious assassin by payment of a certain fine. This was practised by the lords marchers of these parts in the fifteenth century, and continued in ]\Iawddy, in Merion- ethshire, till it was abolished in the 27th of Henry VIII.* This custom was derived from the ancient Germans, who accepted a fine of cattle as a compensation for murder, which satisfied the relations, and was not detrimental to the public, which could not fail of being injured by the extension of private revenge f. The Saxons continued this custom under the name of Were-geld, and accordinoly set a price on every rank, from the king to the peasant :|;. The head of the king was valued at 80,000 thrymses, or £4500, half to be paid to his relations, and half to the kingdom for the loss it had sustained ; that of a countryman w as estimated at 26G thrymses, or i:39. 18s. § The w ere-o-eld of a Welchman was very low, for, unless he had property enough to be taxed for the king's use, his life was not * ' Gwyder family, 107. § A tlirymsa then was equal to 3 s. Sec f Tacitus de mor. Germ. c. 2. Seidell's Tit. of Honour, p. (J04. :5; VVilkins's Legis Sax. p. 71. 4 o 2 reckoned 6.52 reckoned of higher jwice than 70 (hrymses, or 10 guhieas. The money or fine was distributed, as in the times of the ancient Ger- mans, among the relations of the deceased, and oftentimes a part went to the lord of the soil, as a compensation for his loss. The Welch had, in like manner, their galanas and gwerth, of the same nature with the former ; but their fine was usually paid in cattle, the wealth of the country. But the gwerth was not only a compensation for murder or homi- cide, but for all species of injuries. Welch, Saxons, and Normans, had each their pecuniary atone- ments for lesser injuries. A Welchman, for the loss of his finger, received one cow and twenty pence ; of his nose, six oxen and a liundred and twenty pence; and for being jmlled by the hair, a penny for every finger, and two-pence for the thumb, the instru- ments of the insult*. The Saxons had similar fines f ; and the Normans, like persons of nice honour, provided a penalty of five sous ibr a lug by the nose, and ten j)our un coup au derriere, or a liick on the breech :[.. The Scotch had also similar compensations for homicides and injuries, which in their old laws passed under the name of Cro, Gaines, and Kelchyn§; and lastly, the Irish had their Eric, or Satisfaction for Blood \\. In fact it prevailed over all parts of Eu- rope, with variations conformable to the several complexions of the country. * Leg. Wall. p. 278. § Regiani Majesfatem, p. 74. -f Wilkiiis's Leg. Sax. p. 44. \\ Davies's Hist, of lieLind,^. JQQ. + MS. notes to Mr. Pennant's Copy of les Coustomt's de Normandie. About 653 About the latter end of the fifteenth ecnfury, this privileo;o was allowed at Cherk Castk. Pennant's Tour in Wales, 1773, p. 273. 275. ISLE OF IIARTY, COUNTY OF KENT. The manor of the mote, in this isle, affords, in the account of its descent, one of the last instances in which trial by battle was demanded and awarded, on a claim of rifrht. This occurred in the reign of Elizabeth, in whose third year John Chevin, while a minor, sold this estate to Mr. Thomas Paramour ; but, on his arrival at full age, again passed it away to John Kyne and Simon Lowe, who, having brought a writ of right to recover, trial by battle was demanded by Paramour, and it was determined -that it should be fought before the judges of the court of Common Pleas, in Tothill- iields, Westminster. At the appointed time, the champions of the parties met in the field, properly accoutred, and, after nui<"h formal ceremony, and in the presence of several thousand pieo|)le, proclamation was made for the appearance of (he claimants, Kvne and Lowe, who not answering, a nonsuit was prayed, and allowed, with costs of suit on the part of Paramour. That battle was not Joined, was owing to the interposition of the Queen ; yet all the requisite forms were gone through, that the defendant's right mioht be ascertained *. DESCRIPTION OP the TRIAL by COMBAT, AS IN QUEEN ELIZABETH'S REIGN. " The 18th of June, in Trinity tearme, there was a combate a|>- polnted to have been foughte for a certaine manour and demaine * Brayley's Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii. p. 717, landjs 654 lands belonn;in^ ihereunto, in the Isle of liarty, adjoining to the Isle of Sheppey in Kent : Simon Low and John Kyme were plaintifes, and had brought a writ of right against T. Paraniore, who offered to defend his right by battell ; whereunto the plaintifes aforesaid accepted to answere his chalenge, oflering likewise to defend their right to the same manour and lands, and to prove by baftell that Paramore had no right, nor no good title, to have the same. " Hereupon the said Tho. Paramore brought, before the judges of the common place at Westminster, one George Thorne, a bigge, broad, strong set fellowe : and the plaintifes brought Henry Nailor, master of defence and seruant to the lliiiht Honourable the Earle of Leicester, a proper slender man, and not so tall as the other: Thorne cast down a gauntlet, which Nailor took up. Upon the Sonday before the battell should be tried on the next morrow, the matter Avas stayed, and the parties agreed, that Paramore, being in possession, should have the land, and was bound in of 500 to con- sider the plaintifs, as upon hearing the matter the judges should award. The Q. Maiesty was the taker up of the matter, in this wise. It was thoujrht 2:ood, that for Paramore's assurance, the order should be kept touching the combat, and that the plaintiffs, Low and Kyme, should make default of appearance, but that yet such as were sureties of Nailor, their champion's appearance, should bring him in, and likewise those that were sureties for Thorne, should bring in the same Thorne in discharge of their bond ; and that the court should sit in Totliill-lields, where was prepared one plot of ground, one and twenty yards square, double- railed for the combate, without the West-square, a stage being set up for the judges, representing the court of the Common Pleas, All (555 All llio compasse wilhout the lists was set with scaffolds, one above another, for people to stand and behohl. There were behinde the square where the jud<»;es sate, two tents, the one for bailor, the other for Thorne. "^JMiorne was there in the nioniiny; timely. iVailor, about seuen of the clocke, came throuoh l^ondon ap|);u-ellod in a doublet and galey-jrascoifjne breeches, all of crimsin sattin, cut and raced, a hat of black velvet, with a red fealher and band, before him drums and fifes playinj^: the gauntlet that was cast downe by George Thorne, was borne before the said Nailor u[Mjn a sword's point, and his baston, (a stafl'e of an ell long, made taper-wise, ti[)t with home,) with his shield of hard leather, was borne after him by Askam, a yeoman of the Queene's gard : he came into the pallace at Westminster, and staying, not long, before the hall-doore, came backe into the Kiny^'s-streete, and so alonir throuirh the Sanctuary and Tuthill-streete into the field, where he stayefl till past nine of the clocke, and then Sir Jerome Bowes brought him to his tent; Thorne being in the tent with Sir Henry Cheiney long- before. About ten of the clocke, the court of Common Pleas re- moved, and came to the place prepared ; where the Lord Chief Justice, with two other his associates, were set; then Low was called solemnely to come in, or else hee to lose his writ of right. Then, after a certaine (ime, the sureties of Henry iVailor were called to brinir in the said bailor, champion for Simon Low ; and shortly thereuiton Sir Jerome Bowes, leading Nailor by the hand, eutreth with him the lists, bringing him downe that square by which hee entred, being on the left hand of the judge's, and so about till he came to the next square, just against the judges ; and there making curtesie, first with one leg, and (hen with the other, passed forth till he came to the middle of the place, and then made the 656 the like obeysaiice ; and so passing till they came to the barre, there lie made the like curtesie, and his shield was held up about over his head : Nailor put oflf his neather stockes, and so, bare-feete and bare-leoffcd, save his stauilonians, to the ancles, and his doublet sleeves tyed up above the elbow, and bare-headed, came in as is aforesaid. Then were the sureties of Geor2:e Thorne called to brini^ the same Thorne; and immediately Sir Henry Cheiney entring at the upper end, on the right hand of the judges, used the like order in commino- about by his side as Nailor had before on that other side, and so comming to the barre with like obeysance, held up his shield. Proclamation was made in forme as followeth : ' The justices command, in the Queenc's Maiesties name, that no person, of what estate, degree, or condition that he be, being present, to be so hardy to give any token or signe, by countenance, speech, or language, eidier to the prouer or to the defender, whereby the one of them may take advantage of the other; and no person re- moove, but still keep his place : and that every person and persons keep their staves and their weapons to themselves ; and suffer ueilher the said proover nor defender to take any of their weapons, or any other thing that may stand either to the said proover or defender any avails, upon paine of forfeiture of lands, tenements, goods, chattels, and imprisonment of their bodies, and making fine and ransome at the Queene's pleasure.' " Then was the proover to be sworne in forme as followeth : ' This heare, you justices, that I have this day neither eate, drunke, nor have upon me either bone, stone, nor glasse, or any inchantmentj sorcerie, or witchcraft, wherethrough the power of the word of God might be inleased or diminished, and the devil's power en- creased ; C57 creased : and that my appoalc is true, so hclpe me God and his saints, and hy this booke.' " After this solemne order was finished, tlie Lord Chiefe Justice, rehearsing the manner of bringing the writ of right by Simon Loav, of the answere made thereunto by Paramore, of the proceedino- therein, and how Paramour had chalenoed to defend his rio-ht to the land by battel!, by his champion George Thorne, and of the accepting the triall that was by Lowe, and his champion Henry Nailor, and then for default in appearance in Lowe, he adiudged the land to Paramore, and dismissed the champions, acquittin<»- the sureties of their lands. He also willed Henry Nailor to render againe to George Thorne his gauntlet, whereunto the said Xailor answered, "that his lordship might command him any thing, but willingly he would not render the said gauntlet to Thorne, except he would win it :" and further, he chalenged the said Thorne to play with him lialfc a score blowes, to shew some pastime to the Lord Chief Justice, and the other there assembled: but Thorne answered, " that hee came to fight, and would not play." Then the Lord Chief Justice, commending Nailor for his valiant courage, conmianded them both quietly to depart the field, &c.* This trial by champion in a writ of right, hath been anciently allowed by the common law, and the tenant in a writ of right hath election either to put himself upon the grand assize, or upon the trial by combat, by his champion, with the champion of the de- mandant, which was instituted upon this reason, that in respect the tenant had lost his evidences, or that the same were burnt * Antiquarian Repertory, vol. i, p, 181. 4 p or 658 or embezzled, or that his witnesses were dead, the law permitted him to try it by combat, between his champion and the champion of the demandant, hoping that God would give victory to him that right had, and of whose party the victory fell out for him, was judg- ment finally given, for seldom death ensued hereupon, (for their weapons were but batouns) victory only sufficed. Now, concerning the oath of the cliampions, and the solemn manner and order of proceeding therein, and between what parties trial by batde should be joined, you may read in the stat. of Westm. 1. cap. 41, and at large in our books. The ancient law was, that the victory should be proclaimed, that he that was vanquished should acknowledge his fault in the audience of the people, or pronounce the horrible word of Cravent, in the name of recreantise, &c. and presently judgment was to be given ; and after this the recreant should amittere liberam legem, that is, he should become infamous, and should not be accounted in that respect liber et legalis homo, and therefore could not be of any jury, nor give testimony as a witness in any case, because he is become infamous and of uo credit*. OXTIUND, COUNT\ OF NORFOLK. Ao-nes de Ratelsdon, wife of Adam de Ratelsdon, in the 34th lien. III. impleaded Richer de Reymes for a fourth part of a fee in this town (then wrote Overstrandf) and in North Repps; Richer had released it to Roger de Herleberge for eighty marks of silver; Roger was called to warrant it, and a duel or combat of trial was * 2 Inst. 247. Blackstoue's Comm. lib. iii. f plita J4 Hen. III. Rot. 20, ia dorso, xnp. 22. foujrht. C59 fought, on this account, between the said Roger and a free man of Simon, son of iruoh, in the behalf and rii>ht of Airnes, and after that they came to an agreement *. PEIN FORT ET DURE, PUMSILMENT BV. This punishment used to be inflicted upon those tliat, being ar- raigned of felony, refused to put themselves upon tl)e ordinary trial of God and the country, and thereby were mute, or such in the in- terpretation of law. And the manner of doing it was this : he shall be sent back to the prison Avhence he came, and laid in some low dark house, where he shall lie naked on the earth, without any litter,, rushes, or other clothing, and without any raiment about him, but only something to cover his privy members _ and he shall lie upon his back, with his head covered and his fe^et, and one arm shall be drawn to one quarter of the house with a cord, and die other arm to another quarter ; and in the same manner it is to be done w ith his legs, and then there is to be laid upon his body iron and stone, so much as he may bear, or moi'e ; and the next day folio win o- he is to have three morsels of barley bread, without drink, and the second day, drink three times, and as much at each time as he can drink of the water next to the prison door, except it be running water, without any bread, and this is to be his diet until he die. Stamf. PI. Cor. lib. ii. cap. CO. Black, lib. iv. 32f5. CUTTING OFF THE FOOT. In former times, criminals were punished by cutting off the foot, which was inflicted here instead of death ; as appears by the laws * Blomcfield's Hist, of Norfolk, folio edit. vol. iii. p. 331. 4 p 2 of 6G0 of William llic Conqueror. " Interdicimus ne quis occidadu* vel " suspendatur pro aliqua culpa, sed cruantur oculi, abscindantui* " pedes, vel testiculi, vel manus/' Leg. Will. I. cap, 7. Fleta, lib. i. c. 38. Bract, lib. iii. c. 32. WHORES, PI NISHxMENT OF. It was a custom in England, " Meretrices et impudicas mulieres " subnervare," i. e. to cut the sinews of their legs and thighs, or ham-string. Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Subnervare. X)IIDEAL. TRLIL by FIRE and WATER. The several methods of trial and conviction of offenders, esta- blished bj the laws of England, were formerly more numerous than at present, through the superstition of our Saxon ancestors ; v»^ho, like other northern nations, were extremely addicted to divination : a character which Tacitus observes of the ancient Germans*. They therefore invented a considerable number of methods of purgation or trial, to preserve innocence from the danger of false witnesses, and in consequence of a notion that God would always interpose miraculously to vindicate the guiltless. The most ancient f species of trial was that by ordeal ; which was peculiarly distinguished by the appellation of Judicium Dei ; (the judgment of God) and sometimes Vulgaris Purgatio, (the vulgar purgation) to distinguish it from the canonical purgation, which was by the oath of the party. This was of two sorts :|:, either Fire-ordeal, or W ater-ordeal ; the former being confined to persons of higher rank, the latter to the common people. * De Mor. Germ. p. 10. t Leges Inse. c. 77. $ Mirror, c. iii. sect. 23. Glanville, 601 Glamille, who wrote in the time of Kinoj Ilcnry II. sa^s*, "he who is accused ought to puroc himself by the judgment of God, to ■wit, by hot iron, or by water, according to the diiference of his condition : by hot iron if he be a free man, and by water if a rustic." Both these might be performed by deputy ; hut the principal was to answer for the success of the trial ; the deputy only venturing some corporal pain for hire, or perhaps for friendship ■]: Fire-ordeal was performed either by taking up in the hand, unhurt, a piece of red hot iron, of one, two, or three pounds weight, or else by walking, barefoot and blindfold, over nine red hot plough-shares laid lengthwise at unequal distances : and if the party escaped being hurt, he was adjudged innocent; but if it haj)pened otherwise, as without collusion it usually did, he was then con- demned as guilty. However, by this latter method Queen Emma, the mother of Edward the Confessor, is mentioned to have cleared her character, when suspected of familiarity with Alwyn, bishop of Winchester J. Speed, speaking of this event, says, that she used this speech to her leaders, as not knowing she was past all danger. " O Lord! " when shall I come to the place of my purgation ?" but having her eyes uncovered, and seeing herself clearly escaped, fell upon her knees, and with tears gave thanks to her deliverer, whereby she recovered both the love and her former estate of the king, with * Tenetur se puigare is qui accusatur per -f This is still expressed iu that common Dei judicium scilicet per callidum ferrum, vel form of speech " of i^oiiig through fire and per aquam, pro diversitate couditioiiis liomi- " water to serve another." rum ; per ferrum callidum si fuerit homo | Tho. Kudborne's Hist. Maj. Winton, liber; per aquam si fuerit rusticus. Glauvil, lib. iv. c. 1, lib. xiv. cap. 1. the 662 the good esteeme and applause of the people : In memory whereof she gave nine manors, viz. Brandesbyri, Borchefelde, Howthtone, Fyfide, Mechelmeiehe, Yuingeo, Wicombe, Woregrave, and Hay- linge *, (according to the number of plough-shares) to the minster of Winchester, wherein she had that trial, and adorned the same with many rich ornaments ; as likewise the king, repenting the wrong he did her, bestowed on the same place, the island, so then it was called, Portland in Dorsetshire, being about seven miles in compass ; for so the chance in those days was set, that whosoever lost, the monks ever won -f^ Bishop Alwyn alsa, who was so accused of familiarity with Queen Emma, o-ave to the same church nine manors, viz. Stoneham, the two Meones, Newton, Witeney, Ileling, Melbrok, Polhampton, and Ilodingtone %. The former method of trial by fire-ordcal, was practised in England so late as the time of King John. ORDEAL, TRIAL BY BREAD. CORSNED BREAD (PANIS CONJURATUs) OR ORDEAL BREAD. It was a kind of superstitious trial used among the Saxons to purf>-e themselves of any accusation by taking a piece of barley bread and eating it, with solemn oaths and execrations that it might prove poison, or their last morsel, if what they asserted, or denied, were not punctually true. These pieces of bread were first exe- * Mon. Angl. torn. i. p. QSO. J Mon. Angl. torn. i. p. 980. See a fu!I ac- •f Speedj ill Vita Edvv. Confess, p. 419. count of Queen Emma's purgation, in Mon. Angl. torn. i. p. 34, et seq. crated GC3 evafed by the priest, and then offered to the suspected «iiilty per- son, to be swallowed by way of purgation ; for tliey believed a person, if guilty, could not swallow a morsel so accursed; or if he did, it would clioak him. The form was thus : " We besc^ech thee, O Lord, that he who is guilty of this theft, when the exercised bread is offered to him, in order to discover the truth, that his jaws may be shut, his throat so narrow that he may not swallow, and that he may cast it out of his mouth and not eat it." Du Cange. The old form or exorcismus panis hordcacei vel casei ad proba- tionem veri, is extant in Lindenbrogius, p. 107. And in the laws of King Canute, cap. 6. " Si quis altari ministrantium accusetur, " et amicis destitutus sit, cum Sacramentales non habeat, vadat ad " judicium quod Anglice dicitur Corsned, et fiat sicut Deus velit, " nisi super sanctum corpus domini permittatur et se purget." From which it is conjectured, that Corsned bread was originally the very sacramental bread consecrated and devoted by the priest, and received with solemn abjuration and devout expectance that it would prove mortal to those who dared to swallow it with a lie in their mouth ; till at length the bishops and clergy were afraid to prostitute the communion bread to such rash and conceiled uses, when, to indulge the people in their superstitious fancies and idle customs, they allowed them to practise the same judicial right in eating some o(her morsels of bread, blessed or cursed to the like uses. It is recorded of the perfidious Godwin Earl of Kent, in the time of King Edward the Confessor, that on his abjurin^i^ the murder of the king's brother, by this way of trial, as a just jud""- ment of his solemn perjury, the bread stuck in his throat and choaked him. "Cum Godwinus comes in mensa Re<>is de nece sui fratris inipefrctur, ille post multa sacramenta, tandem per Bucellani deglutiendam 604 deglutiendatn abjuravit, et bucella giistata continuo sufTocatus interiit." Ingulph. This, with other barbarous Avays of purgation, was, by degrees, aboUshed ; though we have still some remembrance of this superstitious custom in our usual phrases of abjuration ; as, " I will take the sacrament upon it ;" " may this bread be my poison;" or " may this bit be my last," &c. Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Corsned Bread. SANDWICH, COUNTY OF KENT. In the upper story of the guildhall, or court-hall, at this place, were kept the cucking-stool and wooden-mortar, formerly used in this town for the punishment of scolds. vSeveral entries in the records, quoted by Boys in his Sandwich, mentions this instrument of punishment : one of them, under the date of 1637, occurs in these words ; " A woman carries the wooden mortar throughout the '' town, hanging on the handle of an old broom, upon her shoulder, " one going before her tinkling a small bell, for abusing Mrs. " Mayoress," &c. The execution of felons, condemned to death within this hundred, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and probably much earlier, was by drowning; and in the year 1315, complaint was made against the prior of Christ Church, for " that he had directed the course of " a certain stream, called the Gestlyng, so that felons could not be " executed for want of water*." * Bcayley's Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii. pp. 1008. 9- SECT, 005 SECT III. Ancient Forms of Grunts. CIIOLMER AND DANCING, COUNTY OF ESSEX. mil A Charter of Edward the Confessor. Iche Edward Koiiyng Have yeoveii of my forest the keping Of the hundred of Chehiier and Dancing+jl; To Randolph Peperking, and to liis kindling ; AVith harte and hinde, doe and bokke. Hare and foxe, catte and brocke. Wild foule with his floeke, Partrich, fesaunte hen, and fesaunte cock ; With green and wilde, stob and stokk. To kepen and to yeomen by all her might, Both by day and eke by night. And hounds for to holde. Good swift and bolde: Four grehoundes, and six raches. For hare and fox, and Avilde cattes ; And therefore ich made him my booke. Wittenes the bishop Wolston, And booke ylered many on. And Sweyne of Essex our brother. And teken him many other. And our steward Howelin, That besought me for him *. » * Inter record, de term. sci. Hilarii, 17 Camd. Brit. tit. Essex. Blount, 103. Wec- Edw H penes Thes. et Camerar. Scaccarii, ver's Fuu. Monuments, p. 3C3. 4 Q mil A ma^ 6C<5 mil A manifest forgery. A. A very old one, if a forgery. Camden seems to have thouo-ht otherwise of it. Canid. Brit. tit. Essex. ^WX Dancing. Now called Dengy. HOPTON, COUNTY OF SALOP. To the heyrs male of the Hopton, lawfully begotten. To me and to myne ^, to thee and to thine, While the water runs, and the sun doth shine ; For lack of heyrs to the king againe, 1 William, king, the third year of my reign, Give to the Norman Hunter, To me that art both line and dcare, The hoppe and hoptoune. And all the bounds up and downe, Under the earth to hell. Above the earth to heaven. From me and from mine, To thee and to thine. As o^ood and as faire As ever they myne were. To witness that this is sooth, I bite the white wax with my tooth, Before Jugg, Marode, and Margery, And my third son Henry, For one bow and one broad arrow. When I come to hunt upon Yarrow *. " This grant, made by William the Conqueror to the ancestor of the ancient family of the Hoptons, I copied out of an old manu- script, and John Stow has it in his Chronicle ; but in both it wanted * MS. Rob. Glover, in com. Salop. Blount, 102. the GG7 the four first lines, which seem to create that estate tall, by which Richard Ilopton, Esq. a oentlcman of low fortune, but happly may be the rig;ht heir of tlie family, hath of late years, by virtue of this charter, made several claims, and commenced divers suits, both for this manor of Ilopton-in-the-IIole, in the county of Salop, and for divers other the manors and lands of Ralph, late Lord Ilopton ; but hitherto, for auoht I hear, without any success*." William Rastall, a reverend and learned jud^^e, who was made one of the justices of the King's Bench, in 15.38, in his treatise intitled, "LesTermes de la Ley," under the word fait, or deed, says, the like to this was shewed me, by one of my friends, in a loose paper, but not very anciently written, and therefore he willed me to esteem of it as I thought jrood : It was as follows: " I AVilliam, king, give to thee Plowlen Royden, my hop and my hop lands, with all the bounds up and down, from heaven to earth, from earth to hell, for thee and thine to dwell, from me and mine, to thee and thine, for a bow and a broad arrow, when I come to hunt upon Yarrow. In witness that this is sooth, 1 bit this wa\ with my tooth, in the presence of Magge, Maud, and Margery, and my third son Henry f-." These were certainly both meant for the same grant, though so very different from each other ; but wliich of them was a true copy of the original, or whether either of them were so, is a matter of o-reat doubt. Both copies are ancient ; Robert Glover, Somerset Herald, from whose manuscript Mr. Blount's copy was taken, was cotemporary with Judge Rastal, being made Somerset Herald in 1.571, and was a man of infine industry and incredible pains, a man of an excellent wit and learning :|:. * MS. Rob. Glover, in com. Salop, Blount, f Les Termes de la Ley, tit Fait. Weever's \0S. Fun. Monum. p. :]()4, 'X V\ eevei's Fun. Monum. p. 424. edit. 1767. 4 Q 2 ^I To 668 f To me and to myne. Qua?re, If it ought not to be read, " from me and from myne?" To me and to myne, I suppose, quite right, as by the terms of the o-rant the king: and. his heirs continued their interest in it, failing the heirs of Hopeton, lawfully begotten, who by these terms were prevented from assigning it away. W. SECT. IV. Reliefs and Fines on Admission to Lands, ^r. NORTON AisD CLUN, COUNTY OF SALOP. William Fitz Allen gives two Catzuros :|:|1|. to the king, to have two fairs, one at Norton, to continue for four days, and the other at Clunne, to continue for three days, according to the tenor of the charter of the lord the king, which he had*. :t|]t I suppose this Catzuros is the same, which is elsewhere written Chacuros, and may signify coursers, tilting horses, or horses for the career, from the French coursier ; but see in Grosmunt, below. Blount. Catzuros and Chacuros are probably the same, but I rather think that it applies to a species of dog than a horse, probably the same Avith the stag-hound. The name may be derived from chace, or chack-uros, to hunt or bite, or catz-uros, to catch wild cattle, for urus is the species of a large ferocious white cattle, anciently na- tive in Britain, a few of which are still preserved in the Marquis of Exeter's park, at The horns and heads are often found in Scotland, when digging for peat. W. * Willielmus filiiis Alani dat duos bonos apud Clunne, per ties dies duratura, secundum Catzuros pro habendis duobiis feriis, una apud tenoreiii chart;t doinini Regis, quam inde habet. Norton, per quatuor dies duratura, et alia Rot. Fin, Joh. M. 13. Blount, 68. GROS- CC9 GROSMUXT, &c. COUNTY OF MOXMOUTII. William de Braosa g;ave to the king ciglity marks, three great horses^, five coursers §{;§, twenty -four hounds jl^jj, and len gi'ey- hounds, to have seisin of his castles of Grosmunt, Skenefrith, and Lantley, in the county of 31onmouth*. f Dextrarii, are horses for tlic great saddle, from the French Destrier, denoting as much. Blount. Destro, a large horse, a horse of service for the great saddle in v, ar. Kelham's Norm. Fr. Dictionary. §|§ Chacuros, must eitiier signify hounds or dogs for the chace, from the French chaseur, a huntsman ; or coursers, horses for speed or career, from the French coursier ; but the first seems most probable. The >vord in the record above, tit. Norton and Clun, is written Catzuros, and I suppose intended for the same thino*. And it adds to the probability of this exposition, in that King John >vas a great lover of horses, hawks, and hounds, taking a great part of his fines in those animals of recreation, as appears by the fine rolls of his time. Blount. J1§11 Sensas. What sensas may signify, let the more learned deter- mine. Blount. Probably hounds that scent, and distinguished from greyhounds, who, it is said, have not noses. A. The Avord is mis-read for, Seusas, which means hounds. vSpelm. Gloss, p. 114. P. Sensas. Probably means the blood-hound, being more remarkable for its scent than any other species, and miht to have had a white and handsome rod of a certain length, as it became him X. ^ Propositus. See p. 4G9, *Taiuiis vel miles Regis doniinicus morieiis, jiio relevanieiito tlimilteljat Regi omnia arma sua et eqimm unuii> cum sella et aliiim sine sdia ; quod si essent ei canes vel accipities praesentabuntur Regi, ut, si vellet, accipiet. Domesday, tit. Berocscire. Blount, 109. -j- Johannes ^lautravers, custos forestarum Regis citra trentam, clamat habere de quolibet forestario tarn infra forestam de Savernake quam alibi incom.Wiltes, cum obieiit^ equuni, sellam, cum frteno, cornu, et giadium ejusdem, et arcum ct sagiltas barbatas. Inquis. temp. Edw. I. Blount, 133. J Raaf ap Howel ap Philip, praepositus de Llantrissin, in com. Glamorgan, amercuitus fuit, pro eo quod liubuit in manu sua, coram justiciarlis hie, virgani nigram et inlionestani, ubi habere debuisset virgani albam et honestam de certa longitudine, prout decet. In Sessione Itiu. de Kerdiff. 7 Hen. VI. Blount, 147. APPENDIX. APPENDIX. An historical Account of the Coronation of King James II. and Queen Mary, as King and Queen of England, ON THE 23d of APRIL, 1685. (See before, p. 11.) King CHARLES II. died on tlie 6th of February, 1684, and his brotlier James, then Duke of York, succeeding him, appointed a Committee of the Lords of his Privy Council, to consider of the manner of his Coronation, at wiiich he assisted in person. This Committee met for the first time, in the Council-chamber of Whitehall, on the l6th of February, 1684, the tenth day from the death of the King, when the proceedings at the Coronation of James I. and Cliarles II. were read. At theirnext meeting, the 19th of February, an abstract of the claims, which were made at the Coronation of King Charles II. was delivered to them, and a Commission of Claims granted. On the 23d of February, the Master of the Jewel-house gave a list of the regalia in his custody, and an account of what he provided at the last Coronation ; and the King declaring he intended the Queen should be crowned with him, the proper officer produced a ceremonial of the Coronation of his Majesty's grandmother. Queen Anne. His Majesty's pleasure was declared that there should be a dinner in Westminster-hall, upon which the Officers of the Board of Green Cloth prepared an account of the dinner that was given at the Coronation of King Charles II. with the expence. Sir Christopher Wren, Surveyor-General of the W^orks, was also directed to prepare an esti- mate of the charge of the scaffolding, both in the Abbey and in Westminster-hall. On the 28th of February, it was resolved, that none of the Peers or Peeresses trains should be carried upon the day of the Coronation. At several subsequent meetings all the requisites were settled, and ordered to be got ready. It was also ordered, that no Peer or Peeress should set any jewels in their coronets, and that the procession should march four a-breast ; that 200 medals of gold, and 800 of silver, should be made for the King ; and 100 of gold, and 400 of silver, for the Queen. A few ii APPENDIX. A few days before the Coronation, the following particulars were delivered to the bishop of Rochester, by the Master of the Jewels and the Couiniissioners of the Great Wardrobe : For the King. 1 . The colobium sindonis, a kind of surplice, without sleeves, of fine linen or sarsenet. 2. The super tunica, a close coat, of clolh of gold, reaching to the heels, lined with crimson taffata, and girt with a broad girdle, of cloth of gold, to be put over the colobium. 3. The armilla, in fashion of a stole, of cloth of gold, to be put about the King's neck, and fastened above and beneath the elbows with silk ribbons, 4. A pall, of clolh of gold, in fashion of a cope. 5. A pair of buskins, of cloth of gold. 6. A pair of sandals, of cloth of gold. 7. A shirt of fine linen, to be opened in the places for anointing. 8. Another shirt of red sarsenet to put over it. 9. A sartout of crimson satui, made with a collar for a band, both opened for anointing, and closed with ribbons. 10. A pair of under-trouses, and breeches to go over them, widi stockings fastened to the trouses, all of crimson silk. 1 1. A pair of linen gloves. 1£. A linen coif. 13. Three swords ; the Cnrtana, or pointless sword, called also flie Sword of Mercy; the Sword of Justice to the Spirituahty, and the Sword of Justice to the Temporality. 14. Also a sword of state, with a scabbard richly embroidered. 15. 16. Two imperial crowns, set with jewels; one to crown the King, the other to be worn after his Coronation. 17. An orb of gold, with a cross. 18. A sceptre, with a cross, called St. Edward's Sceptre. 19. A sceptre, with a dove. 20. A staff of gold, with a cross at the top, and a pike at the foot, called St. Edward's Staff. 2 1 . A ring, with a ruby. £2. A pair of gold spurs. '23 An ampul, or vessel of gold, to hold the anointing oil, in the shape of an eagle, and a spoon. 24. And two ingots of gold, one weighing a pound, and the other a mark, for the King's Iwo oftermgs. 25. 20. The parliament robes, viz. a surcoat of crimson velvet; a large mantle of crimson velvet, with a hood, furred with ermine, and bordered with gold lace. 27. A cap of state, turned up with ermine. Also the robes of state, of purple velvet, of the same fashion as the former^ and two caps of purple velvet, turned up with ermine, for the two crowns. Delivered APPENDIX. iu Delivered to the pro]ici- Officers for the Queen. 1. A surcoat orkirtle of purple velvet, the sleeves turned up and powdered with ermine. 2. A robe or mantle of purple velvet, with a long train, the cape and lining powdered with ermine, to be worn over tlie surcoat. 3. A circle or coronet of gold, to be worn before anointing. 4. A crown, wiili which she was to be crowned. 5. A smaller crown, to wear afterwards, 6. A sceptre of gold, with a cross. 7- An ivory rod, with a dove. 8. A ring. The following Particulars were also provided for equipping the Champion ; A suit of armour, from the King's armoury, complete. A pair of gauntlets. A sword and lianger. A case of pistols. An oval target, with the champion's own arms painted thereon. A lance, gilt all over, fringed above and below the handle, for his esquires. One rich great horse-saddle, or field-saddle, wiih head-stall, reins, breast-plate, and crupper, withdaggs and trappings, richly trimmed with gold and silver lace, fringed; and great and small tassels, with a pair of very large Spanish stirrups and stirrup-leathers, lined with velvet and gold and silver lace; two girths and a surcingle ; a bitt, with silver and gilt bosses ; a pair of holsters, lined with velvet, and laced with gold and silver, and a pair of holster-caps, laced and fringed ; a plume of red, blue, and white feathers, the colours of tiie three nations, containing eighteen falls, with a hearne top ; one plume of feathers for the head-stall and dock, and two trumpet- banners of his own arms. The Order for the Hahits of the Peeresses was as follows : BARONESS. Tlie robe or mantle of crimson velvet, the cape furred with miniver-pure, that is, ermine unpowdered, not spotted with black, and powdered with two bars or rows of ermine ; the mantle to be edged round with miniver-pure, two inches in breadth, and the train to be three feet on the ground. VISCOUNTESS. The same robe, except that the Cape be powdered with two ro^-s and an half of ermine ; the edging the same ; the train, a yard and quarter. COUNTESS. Tlie same, only the cape powdered with three rows of ermine ; the edging three inches 1)road ; the train, a yard and half, 4 R MARCHIONESS, w APPENDIX. MARCHIONESS. Tlie same, only the cape powdered with three rows and a half of ermine ; the edgiiig four inches ; the train, a yard and three quarters. DUCHESS. The same, only the cape powdered with foiir rows of ermine ; the edging five inches ; the train two yards. The snrcoats or kirlles to be all of crimson velvet, close bodied, and clasped before, edged with miniver-pure two inches broad, and scalloped down the sides from below the girdle,, and sloped away into a train. '1 he sleeves of die surcoats to be crimson velvet, five inches deep, scalloped at bottom, edged w ilh miniver-pure, and fringed with gold or silver. The caps of the coronets crimson velvet, turned up with ermine, with a button and tassel of gold or silver on the top, suitable to the fringe of the sleeves. Tlic i)etticoat.s to be cloth of silver, or any other white stuff, either laced or embroidered, according to every one's fancy. The mantles to hang back, fastened to each shoulder widi cordons of silver or gold, suitable to the fringe, with tassels of the same, lianging one on each side down to the waist. 'J'he surcoats or kirlles to open before, that the petticoat may appear. On the day of tlie Coronation, three troops of horse guards, with their gi-enadiers, and two regiments of foot guards, with their grenadiers, repaired to their parades, the Piazza of Covent- Garden, die Haymarket, Luicoln's Inn-Fields, and St. James's Park, between five and six in die morning, whence they marched to Westminster, and took post about nine ; the first troop in the New Pahice-yard, where they were drawn up three deep, with tiieir front to the outside of the rail next the Thames, ranging from the great north door of Westminster-hall, across the Palace-yard, towards the Clock-house or Tower. The grenadiers of this troop did duty on foot, and were posted in New Palace-yard, along the north side of the rail, ranging from the right wing of the third troop of horse guards, to the inside of die gate of the said Palace-yard in Westminster. The second troop was drawn up in the Great Sanctuary, three deep, to the rail, and there posted, facing the west-end and north-west angle of the Abbey. The grenadiers, doing duty on foot, were posted in a rank on the outside of the rail, opposite tlie north side of the Abbey, in die Great Sanctuary, and ranging from the left wing of the se- cond regiment of foot guards, to the turning into King-street. The diird troop were drawn up three deep, and posted in the Palace-yard, on the north side of the rail, in opposition to the first regiment of foot, and the great north door of Westminster Hall, liaving on their right wing the first troop of grenadiers. The grenadiers of this troop, on foot, were posted in a single rank on the north and west sides of the rail, between the turning into the Sanctuary and the gate entering into New Palace- yard, APPENDIX. - V j-ard, having on their right the second troop, and on their Icll llie first troop of horse grena- diers. Tlic first regiment of foot were drawn up six deep, and posted on tlie south side of the rail, JH Palace-vard, ranging from east to west, with tiieir fronts northward, in opposition to the third troop of horse guards. The grenadiers were posted in a single rank on tlie south side of the rail, from the left wing of the regiment in Palace-yard, through the Gate-house into King- street, and so to the gate entering St. Margaret's Cliurch-yard. The second regiment of foot, having entered tlie Great Sanctuary, were posted from St. Margaret's gate westward, along the wall of tlie Church-yard, and on the soulli side of the rail, in a single rank, reaching the great west door of the Abbey, ranging likewise without the north rail to the same great door, in opposition. There were likewise nuisqucteers on each side witlini the Church, reaching to the choir door. The grenadiers were ported at the north door ot Si. Margaret's Church-yard in a single rank, having the grenadiers of the liist regiment on liuir right. These corps made no inconsiderable part of the sliow ; for their clothes, colours, and ac- coutrements, were all new : the officers were very richly dressed, with tVadiers in tlieir hats, and the men had several pieces of finery added to tlieir uniform on the occasion. The night before the Coronation, the King and Queen slept at the Palace at St, .James's, and early in the morning the Lord Great Chamberlain repaired to his Majesty, with his shirt, for his anointing; and, with the assistance of the Gentlemen of the Bed-cliamber (the Chamber- lain of the Household being ill), put it on; together with the under trouses, Ijreeches, and crimson silk stockings, the satin surcoat opaied for the anointing, and oilier upper apparel. His Majesty then passed through St. James's Park to Whitehall, attended by several noble- men and ofilcers of his household, and going on board the royal barge at the Privy Stairs, he went privately by water . The desk and cushions being then carried away, the bishop of Ely went up into the pulpit, placed against the great north east pillar of the theatre, and preached a sermon ; the King and Queen sitting with their caps of state on. When ihe sermon was ended, the King uncovered his head, and, going up to the altar, took the Coronation Oath, which was adnumsteretl by the archbishop. The old Corcwiation Oath was to this effect: The King swore, " That he would keep and maintain the rights and franchises of Holy Church, which had been formerly granted by the rightful Christian Kings of England: that he would keep all his lands, honours, and the ri"ht and free dignities of the Crown of England, in every respect, entire, without any sort of dimi- nution ; and that such rights as had been severed, wasted, or lost from the Crown, he would to his power, cause to be restored to tlreir ancient estate: that he would preserve the peace of Holy Church, and be agreeable to the clergy and people : that he would, in all his judgments) cause ecjual and right justice, with discretion and mercy, to be done : that he would irriint and keep the laws and customs af the realm ; and to Isis power, would cause to be kept and atlirmed what tlie Parliament- should enact and clioose : that he would totally abolish the evil laws and customs, and firm and settled peiice to the people of his kingdom, under his caie he w odd keep to his power — As God should him help*." * Coo est le Scrcmfiit que 1< Ro\ jnnc a soun Cnro- toiitcz siz jugcmciitoz owcl z de Scyiit Bsylise grauntcz aiinciiniiient Icz Icjes ft custunicz de roialinr, et a, sa«n poiair Icz dcz elroitez Rojs Christiciis d'Bngletcrc, et qqil gat- faee garder ct affinner que les gcntcz dispeople avont dcra toutoz sez terrez Iionouics et dignitees droiturels faitez et esHcz, et les malveys leyz et cnstiunes de et fiiuiks del Coron dii Koialme dT.iiglelere en tout tout oustcra, et fernie peas et cstablit al people de rnuuer d'ciitiertr sanz null uiant r claniemisemoiif, et lez souu Rdialme en ceo garde esgardcra 3. soun poiair: droitez dispeigez dilapidez ou perdnz de la Corone a coine Dieii luy aide. From an old folio Ahridguientof soun poiair reappelkr en I'auncicn estate, et quil the Statutes, printed by Lcttou and Maehlini.-i, in the j:ardera Ic peas de Seyiit Esglise et al cleigie et reign of Edu. IV. tit. Sacramoilum livgis, fol. ni. ij. iti people de bon accorde, et quil, face faiie eii Hluekstone's Comment, lib. i. cap. d. 4 S The sii APPENDIX. The King then returned to the stool by his chair, and kneeled, the Queen kneeling at the same time, and the anthem, " Veni Creator Spiritus/' was sung preparatory to the anointing. Then, some collects and proper prefaces being pronounced, the King, in the mean time, \^ent to the altar, supported as before, and attended by the Lord Great Cliamberlain, who dis- robed him of liis mantle, and surcoat of crimson velvet, which were carried into the King's traverse, in St. Edward's Chapel ; and King Edward's chair, with a foot-stool before it, being placed in the middle of the sacrarium, before the altar, and covered witii cloth of gold, the King seated himself in it ; and four Knights of the Garter supported a pall or pallet over him : the several places of the habit that were made to open, were then opened by the archbishop, who untied the ribbons ; and the ampull, with the oil and spoon, were brought by the dean of Westminster, who, having poured the oil into the spoon, the archbishop anointed the King, in the form of a cross, on the palms of the hands, the breast, the shoulders, and between them, the bend of the arms, and the crown of the head, saying, " Be these bands, this breast, &c, anointed with holy oil." A prayer was then said, the King kneeling, after which he rose and returned to his chair, when tiie dean of Westminster dried the places anointed, except the head and hands, with cot- ton wool, and again tied the ribbons that closed his garments : a shallow coif of linen was then put on the King's head, and linen gloves were put into his hands, because of the anointing, and, in the mean time, a short anthem was sung. The King then standing before his chair, the dean of Westminster brought severally from the altar the colobium siadonis, the super-tunica, surcoat and girdle, the buskins, and sandals, and put them on the King ; he also touched his heels with the spurs, but did not put them on, be- cause they would have been troublesome. A sword was then delivered to his Majesty, who, giving it to the Lord Great Chamberlain, he girt him with it. Pioper officers afterwards put on his Majesty the armilla, and the mantle or open pall, and put the 01 b in his hand. The King tints invested, the archbishop, standing before the altar, took St. Edward's Crown into his hand, and laying it before him, on the altar, pronounced a prayer, the King kneeling at his footstool. The King sate down again in St. Edward's chair, and tlie archbishop, coming from the altar, holding the crown in both his hands, placed it on the King's head : it was then exactly three o'clock. Upon this, tlie trumpets sounded a Point of War, the drums without beat a Charge, and the people shouted, "God save the King." The guns in liie Paik and Tower also tired, by a signal, and the ships in the River fired their guns at the same time. When the acclamations ceased, the archbishop pronounced the customary prayers, and another anthem was performed. While this was don)g, the King returned^lhe orb to the dean, who again laid it upon the altar. His Majesty then went to the altar, where his sword being ungirt, he offered it, in the scabbard, as an oblation ; but the Earl of Oxford redeemed it, by aj)pointment, for a hundred shillings; and, having received it, drew it out, and so bore it naked before the King during the rest of the solemnity. When the anthem was ended, all the peers put on their coronets. Tlie APPENDIX. iiii The King being then again seated in his chair, the arclibishop, drawing off the linen glove from his Majesty's right hand, put the ring, with a ruby, on the fourth finger, and a rich glove being presented to die King by Lord Howard, he drew it on, over tlie ring, and immediately received the sceptre with the cross, in tlic same hand, from the archbishop. Then he received also the sceptre with tiic dove, into his left hand. Being now anointed, in- vested, and crowned, and having received all his royal ornaments, he went again towards the altar, and, kneeling upon the steps, put otT his crown, and, delivering the sceptres to the pro- per ofiicers, he made his second oblation of an ingot of gold weighing eight ounces troy, which was laid on the altar. Then tlie King, still kneeling, received again both the sceptres into his hands, and the arch- bishop gave him a solemn benediction, as he did also, afterwards, to the people. ^\ hen this was done, the King arose, and again put on his crown ; then sitting down in St. Edward's chair, he kissed the archbishops and bishops who had assisted at the Coronation, as they kneeled before him, one after die other. 'llie choir then sung Tc Dcuni, and die King, in the mean time, went up to the theatre, and seated himself in a chair of state, below the throne. When the Te Deum was ended, he as- cended the throne, and, being seated in it, the archbishop, standing before him, pronounced an exhortation. After which, all the peers did homage to his Majesty ; the first of each class kneeling before die King, and pronouncing, for himself and the rest of the class, these words ; " I, JV. Duke [Earl, Viscount, or Baron] of N. do become your liege-man, of life " and limb, and of earthly worship; and faith and truth I will bear unto you, to " live and die, against all manner of folks. " So help me God." During the homage, medals were thrown among the people, from the south, west, and north sides of the theatre ; and another anthem was performed, which concluded the King's part of the Coronation. The Queen was then anointed, crowned, invested, and enthroned, with nearly the same ceremonies ; and the whole ceremony concluded with the benediction, " The peace of God, which passeth all understanding," &c. The Coronation being thus performed, the King, with the swords borne before him, his crown on his head, and both sceptres in his hands, passed through the door on the south side of the high altar, into St. Edward's chapel, where the regalia were delivered to the dean of Westminster. The Queen also went crowned, and holding her ivory sceptre, through the door, on the north side of the high altar, into St. Edward's Chapel. The King then gave the two sceptres, and his crown, to the archbishop, who laid them on the altar ; and the Qneen did the same. 4 S 2 Their xiv APPENDIX. Tlieir Majesties then witlidrew to their traverses, where tlie King was disrobed of tlie robts called St. Edward's, and was arrayed in his royal robes of purple velvet. The King and Queen then coming to St. Edward's altar, the archbishop put two other im- perial crowns on tlieir heads, with caps of purple velvet, which they wore the rest of the day ; into the King's right hand he also put the sceptre with the cross, and into his left hand the orb or globe with the cross ; and into the Queen's right hand, her sceptre with the cross, and into her left hand, her ivory rod with the dove. While this was doing, the officers of arms called in order such as were to return to West- niinsler-hall to dine, fur the prebendaries and the choirs did not return. Then the King and Queen, with the nobility, according to their several degrees, proceeded down the body of the church, through the great west door, and so returned to \\ estniinster-hall tJie same way they came ; the peers and peeresses wearing their coronets. M hile tlie office of the Coronation was performing in the church, the tables were covered in the Ilall, and the company was disposed at the tables, as they arrived, which was about live o'clock. Diinier being placed upoTi the table, the King rose, and, having given the sceptre and orb to proper officers, he washed his hands, water being poured upon them by the Earl of Huntingdon, his cup-bearer. The Queen did the same. The bishop of London said grace, and all sate down to dinner. Before the second course was brought in. Sir Charles Dymoke, Knight, the King's Cham- ,pion, entered the Hall, completely armed, in one of his Majesty's best suits of white armour, mounted on a tine white horse, richly caparisoned, in the following manner ; Two trumpets. The Serjeant Trumpeter, with liis mace. Two Serjeants at Arms, with their maces. The Champion's two Esquires, one on the right hand, with his lance carried upright, the other on the left, with his target. York Herald at Arms, Avith a paper, containing tlie words of the challenge. 'The Champion, on horseback, with ' The Earl Marshal, in his » gauntlet in his right hand, and a rpbes and coronet, .J helmet on his head, with a great on horseback. I P'"n>e of feathers, white, red, and LbUie. ^ Four Pages. The Lord High Constable, in his robes and coronet, on Jiorseback. The passage to their Majesties table being cleared, the Knight Marshal proclaimed the Cham- pion's Challenge, at the lower end of the Hall, in the following words : "If any person, of what degree soever, high or k)W, sh.all deny or gainsay our Sovereign " Lord King James the Second, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, •' Defender of the Faith, brother and next heir to our Sovereign Lord Charles the " -Second, the last King deceased, to be the right heir to the imperial crown of this " realm APPENDIX. xv " realm of England, or that lie ought not to enjoy the same ; here is his cliampion, " who sailh, tliat he lieth, and is a false traitor, being ready, in person, to combate " with him; and in this quarrel will adventure his life against him, on what day soever " he shall be appointed." Then the cliampion threw down liis gauntlet, which, having Liiii some time, York TIerald took it up, and re-delivered it. Then tliey advanced, in the same order, iji the iiiiildle of tiic Hall, where the same proclamation and challenge was repeated, and a tliiid time, at tlie foot of the steps, w !iei« the champion made a low obeisance to the King ; upon which the Earl of Ilmitiiigdon, bringing to the King a gilt bowl of wine, with the cover, his Majesty drank to the champion, and sent him the lx)wi by the earl, wliicli the cliampion, having put on his gaiintiet, received, and, retiring a little, drank, and made his reverence to his Majesty ; then, being accompanied as before, he went out of the Hall, taking the bowl w ith him, as his fee. Immediately after this, the ofiicers of arms, descending from their gallery. Garter, with the two Provincial Kings of Arms, with their coronets on their heads, followed by the Heralds aud Pursuivants, came and stood at the lower end of the Hall, and, making their obeisance to his Majesty, proceeded to the middle of the HalJ, wfcere they made a second obeisance, and, being come to the foot of tlie steps, madt; a third ; they then ascended die steps, and, at the top of them, Garter cried " Lajgess," tlirice, and, having received his Majesty's Largess, proclaimed .the King's stile; first in Latiu, tlien in French, then in English. After which, making their obei- sance, they descended, aud went backward to the middie of the Hail, keeping their faces to the King, and there repeated the cry " Largess," and tlie proclamation; which they again repeated in the same languages at the end of the Hall, where they sate down to dinner. Tlie second course w as then served in, and the Mayor of O.vford, being brought up by Lord Huntingdon, presented to the King, on his knee, a bowl of wine in a gilt cup, covered. Then the Lord Mayor of London, attended by twelve principal citizens, came from the cupboard, and presented, on his knee, a bowl of wine to the King, in a gold cup, which he received back as his fee ; and, with his attendants, repaired to diiuier at the lower end of the Hall. Their Majesties, haviiig dined, ajose from table aud washed ; grace was then said by the bishop of Durham, and their INIajesties received again their regalia, and, widi the crowns oh their heads, and sceptres and orb in their hands, they withdrew, about seven o'clock, iuto the Court of Wards, where the crowns, orb, and sceptres were delivered to the deau of Westminster and Master of the Jewel-house ; and their Majesties departed as they came. The nobility and otheis soon after departed from the Hall, and the day concluded w ith a fine fire-work, and other demonsti°atioiis -of joy *. • Published in the Gent. Mag. vol- xxxi. p. 346, from published by Norfolk and Marshall, Sic, iith of April Sandford's account, printed by the Kind's command. lt;85. Penes F. V.Toljanilie, Arm, The.procesiiou is I'roni a printed form, appointed to be An xvi APPENDIX. An historical Account of the Coronation of their present Majesties Kino; Georo^e III. and Queen Charlotte, as Ivin2: and Queen of Great Britain, on Tuesday, the 22d Day of September, 17G1, from the Account published by Authority * : to Avhicli is prefixed, an Account of the Preparations previous thereto, and for the Reception of the Queen ; and of the Procession and Ceremonies at the Royal 3Iarriage. -t LBLIC notice having been given in tlie London Gazette, that the ceremony of the Coro- nation was to be celebrated on Tuesday, the 2Gd of September, 1761, and a proclamation for that purpose being published in the London Gazette, the curiosity of the public was excited, perhaps, to a higher degree than ever had been known on the like occasion. His Majesty, about the same time, having declared his rdyal intention of demanding in marriage the Princess Charlotte of Mecklenbourg-Slrelitz, and the treaty of marriage being concluded, and the rati- fications exchanged, on the 15th of August, the impatience of the people, for the arrival of their future Queen, cannot be expressed. The royal yaclits were ordered to sail, so soon as the beginning of August, to be in readiness to take her Serene Highness on board, and Lord Anson, Vice-Admiral of Great Britain, and Lieutenant of the Admiralty, was appointed to convoy her Highness, with a squadron of men of war, to the English shore. Great preparations were made at Gi'eenwich for her reception, if she should arrive in the River, and the houses, plea- sure-boats, barges, and other small craft, were every where engaged, all along the River, where- ever there was the least hopes of seeing her Majesty as she passed, several weeks before her expected arrival. While these preparations were making for her Majesty's reception, others vvere preparing for the celebration of the Coronation, and for the accommodation of the people who were to be spectators. Westminster-Hall and Westminster- Abbey were filled with galleries of a new construction, and a platform was erected from the upper end of Westminster-Hall, where the procession was to commence, and continued through New Palace-yard, Parliament-street, and Bridge- street, into King-street^ and so through the west door of tiie Abbey to the choir, where bis Majesty was crowned ; and in view of this platform the houses on each side were lined vvitii scaffolding, the seats on which were let at exorbitant prices. The front seats in the galleries of the Abbey were let at ten guineas each, and those in commodious houses, along the proces- sion, at no less prices. The prices in the ordinary houses were from five guineas to one guinea. * Extracted from the Gent. Mag. vol. xxxi. p. 414. and APPENDIX. N\ii and even iu the Coronation Tlieatres *, as tliey were called, the prices were beyond all pre- cedent. The attention of the Earl Marshal (who had the direction of the ceremony; to prevent acci- dents ; and of the Board of Works (to whose inspection all the erections on this occasion were made subject) merited great applause. The Marshal's first care was to prevent accidents by fire, and, as it was apprehended that the joy of the people, upon the arrival of their Queen, would naturally be expressed by bon-lires and illuminations, an order was issued, on the 4di ot September, that no bon-fires should be made, nor any lire-works played off, in any part of Westminster, from Whitehall to Millbank, and from thence to ]5uckingham-gate, round the south-west part of the Artillery Ground, till seven days after the Coronation : and, by another order, all fires were forbidden to be lighted on the day of the Coronation, in, under, or near any part of the scaftolding, on any pretence \\hatever; and, iu case there should be a necessity for people to go under the scatl'olding with lights, that they should be obliged to make use of lanthorns. By these wise precautions, all terrors from fire, which might have affected many persons, were removed. And to prevent accidents by ilie stoppages of coaches, &.c. on tiie day of the Co- ronation, notice was given that a way was made for them through Pai'liament-street, across the ]Vew and Old Palace-yards, and they were ordered, as soon as discharged, to proceed on directly to Millbank, and from thence to Hyde- Park-Corner, without making any stop; and it was further commanded, that none but tiie coaches of Peers, Peeresses, and others, who attended the solemnity, should pass that way after seven o'clock that morning, nor any whatever after nine ; and iu the evening the coaches were to return the same way, but no coaches were per- mitted to pass back, by any of those ways, till after their Majesties return to St. James's. Information having also been given to the Lords of his Majesty's Honorable Privy Council, that the hackney coachmen and chairmen had entered into a combination not to work their coaches and chairs on that day, without exorbitant rates, their lordsliijjs caused an order to be published, requiring all hackney coachmen and chairmen to be out with tiieir coaches and chairs by four in the morning, and faithfully to perform their duty, without making any exorbitant demands, upon pain of being proceeded against with the utmost severity. The military officers were also appointed their proper stations, and tlie soldiers on duty were ranged in such a manner, that no obstruction whatever attended the ceremony ; tiie nearest Hos- pitals were cleared too, as much as possible, for the reception and speedy relief of the unfor- tunate, in case that any accident had happened, and parties of light horse were ordered to patiole the streets, that they might be at hand to assist the civil magistrates, in case of any tumults, riots, or other disorders. Such were the wise regulations that those worthy personages, to whom the conduct of this most niagniticent ceremony was entrusted, caused to be published from time to time ; and the measures they pursued were attended with the desired effect ; for no accident of any kind did happen on that day, which human wisdom could have prevented. Tliinu-s being thus in readiness for Uie Coronation, the impatience of the people for the arrival of the Queen, increased in proportion as the time drew nearer, when tlie Coronation ceremony was to be performed. His Majesty too, expressed his impatience, and fresh iustruc- • These were a sort of large bootli!>, that contaiueil froui 12 to 1500 seats, tions. sviii APPENDIX. tions, it was said, were dispatched lo the Vice-Admiral to sail at all events, and to land his charge at any of the ports of Great Britain, wiicre it could be done with safety, that the cere- mony of the nuptials might precede that of the Coronation. Tlie wind continued contrary, and the presages of the people were various, according as they were nioie or less anxious for the welfare of her Highness, and desirous of her speedy arrival. News at lengtii was brought, that on the 17th of August, her Higlmess, accompanied by the reigning duke, her brother, set out for Mirow. The 18lh she arrived at Perleberg, where she was complimented, in the name of his Prussian Majesty, by the ('ount de Gotcr, who wished her a happy voyage. On the IQih, she continued her journey by Lentzen forGohide, where her Most Serene Higlmess dined twice in public, and walked in the afternoon in the park. On the 22d, at seven o'clock in the evening, she arrived at Stade, under a general discharge of the cannon of the place, and amidst the acclamations of a vast number of people, boih ciiizens and foreigners. The burgesses of Stade were assembled under arms, and lined the streets through which her Most Serene Higlmess passed. At nine o'clock the whole town was illuminated, and several triumphal arches were erected in the principal streets, on which were placed many small lamps, and inscriptions analagous to the occasion. The same night, these marks of public joy were reiterated. Next morning she set out for Cuxhaven, and on the 2oth, about ten in the inorning, embarked on board the yacht, accompanied by the Duchesses of Ancaster and Ha- milton, the Prince her brother, the Earl of Harcourt, and Lord Anson. She was saluted by the whole squadron destined to convoy Iter to England ; they were ranged on each side of the yacht. The moment slie entered the cabin, she saluted the officers of the different ships, who had crowded the decks, in ord-er to have the pleasure of seeing her, who were all charmed with her affable and polite Wiaviour. On the 28th she put to sea, but as no dispatches were received from her from that time til! the Gth of September, when she landed at Harwich, the court waS' in some concern, lest the tedi- ousness of her voyage might affect her health. Her Highness had been twice in sight of the British coast, and as often driven oft' by contrary winds ; one day in hopes of landing on English ground, and the next in danger of being driven to the coasts of Norway. Her arrival, there- fore, was a desirable event; but as it was night when she came to Harwich, her Highness slept on board, and continued there till three in the afternoon the next day, during which time her route hud been settled, and instructions received as to the manner of her proceeding to St. James's. At her lauding, she was received by the Mayor and Aldermen of Harwich, in their tisual for- malities. About five o'clock she came to Colchester, and stopped at the house of Mr. Enew, where she was received and waited upon by Mrs. Enew and Mrs. Rebow ; but Captain Best attended her with coffee, and Lieutenant John Seabcr, with tea. Being thus refreshed, she proceeded to Withani, where slie arrived at a quarter past seven, and stop}}«d at Lord Aber- corn's, and his lordship provided as elegant an entertainment for her as the time would admit. During supper, the door of the room was ordered to stand open, that every body might have the pleasure of seeing her Highness, and on each side of her chair stood the Lords Harcourt and Anson. She slejit that night at his lordship's house ; and, a little after twelve o'clock the next day, her Highness came to Romford, where the King's coach and servants met her, and, after stopping to refresh, she entered the King's coach. The attendants of her Highness were ia APPENDIX. xw in three other coaches. In tlie first were some hidies of Mecklciibourg, and in tlie hist was her Highness, wlio sat forward, and tlie Duchesses of Ancastcr and Hamilton, backward. They proceeded at a tolerable pace, attended by an incredible number of spectators, boll) on horse and foot, to Stratford-le-Bow and Mile-End, where they turned up Dog-row, and jirosecuted their journey to Hackney turnpike, then by Shoreditch church and up Olil-street to the City- road, across Islington, along tlic New-road, into Hyde Park, down Constitution-hill, into St. James's Park, and then to the garden-gate of the palace, where she was handed out of the coach by the Duke of York, and met in the garden by his INIajcsty, who, in a very afiectionate manner, raised her np, and saluted her, as she was going to pay her obeisance, and then led her into the palace, where she dined with his Majesty % the Princess Dowager, and the Princess ■Augusta^ After dinner, her Highness was pleased to show herself, with his Majesty, in the gallery, and other apartments fronting the Park. About eight o'clocJt in tlie evening, the procession to the chapel began iu the following order : Tlic Procession of the Bride. Drums and Trumpets. The Serjeant Trumpeter. The Princess's Servants. A Page. A Quarter Waiter. A Gentleman Usher, between the two senior Heialds* Vice-Chamberlain. Maids of Honor. Ladies of the Bedciiamber, not Peeresses. Peeresses. Unmarried daughters of Peers. The King's Vice-Chamberlain. The King's Lord Chamberlain. His Royal Highness ( TME BRIDE, i His Royal Highness Prince William. ( In her nuptial habit, supported by ) the Duke of York» Her train borne by ten unmarried daughters of Dukes and Earls, viz. by Lady Sarah Lenox. Lady Caroline Russel. Lady Ann Hamilton. Lady Elizabeth Ker. Lady Harriet Bcntinck. Lady Caroline Montague. Lady Elizabeth Keppel. Lady Louisa Grevillc. Lady Elizabeth Ilarcourt. Lady S. Strangwayes. Her Serene Highness having been in tliis manner condiicted to the chapel, the Lord Cham- berlain, and Vice-Chamberlain, with the two heralds, returned to wait upon his Majesty. (a) And with the whole royal laiiiily, exci|it the (b) Aflorwarils married to tlie lltrcditary Prince of two youngest. Rniiiawitk. 4 T The ,^x APPENDIX. The King's Procession. Drums and Trumpets, as before. The Knight Marslial. Pursuivants ami Heralds at Arms. Knights of the Bath, not Peers, wearing their collars. Privy Councillors, not Peers. Comptroller of the Household. Treasurer of the nouseliold. Barons. Bishops. Viscounts. Earls. The Lord Steward of the Household, being an Earl, Marquisscs. Dukes. Norroy and Clarencieux, Kings of Anns. A Serjeant at Arms. Lord Privy Seal. A Serjeant at Arms, A Seijeant at Arms. Lord President. A Serjeant at Arms. Lord Chancellor. Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. . ~ , ,T 1 (Garter, Principal Kiiiff of Arms, with) a /-< .1 tt 1 A Gentleman Usher. ' ' , . „ , ° ^ A Gentleman Usher, ( his \V hite Rod, or Sceptre. 3 The Earl Marshal. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland. His Royal tlighness Prince Frederick. His Royal Highness Prince Henry. J The Sword of State, borne by the Duke j The Vice-Chamberlain. ■? of Bedford, Kni-ht of tlie Garter, in ^- The Lord Chamberlain. ' his collar. J THE KING, Wearing his collar. Captain of the Yeomen f . ^ , ,.^ „ , ) Captain of the Band ,. , ,, , -1 Captaui ot the Lite Guard. < r n ■ ot the Guard. t ^ > ot reiisioners. The Gentlemen of the Bedchamber, in waiting. The Master of the Robes. Two Grooms of the Bedchamber. Gentlemen Pensioners. The marriage ceremony was performed by the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. The Duke of Cumberland gave her hand to his Majesty, and, immediately on the joining their hands, the Park and Tower guns were fired. Their APPENDIX. xxi Tlicir Majesties, after tlie ceremony, sate on one side of the altar, on two state chairs, under a canopy. Her Royal Highness the Princess Dowager of Wales sat facing them, on a chair of state, on tlie otlier side ; all the rest of the Royal Family on stools, and all the Peers, Peeresses, Bishops, and Foreign Ministers, on benches. The Rctuni. Drums and Trumpets. Serjeant Trumpeter. The Queen's Servants. A Page. A Quarter Waiter. A Herald. A Gentleman Usher. A Herald. Pursuivants and Heralds at Arms. Knights of the Bath, not Peers. Privy Councillors, not Peers. Unmarried daughters of Peers. Peeresses. Peers, as before. Norroy and Clarencieux, Kings of Arms. Lord Privy Seal. Lord President. Lord Chancellor. Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. A Gentleman Usher. Garter. A Gentleman Usher. The Earl Marshal. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland. His Royal Highness Prince Frederick. His Royal Highness Prince Henry. Vice-Cliamberlain. The Sword of State. The Lord Chamberlain... THE KING. The three Captains of the Guard. The Gentlemen of the Bedchamber, in waiting. The Master of the Rolls. Two Grooms of the Bedchamber. Prince WUliam. ( THE QUEEN, ^ The Duke of York. ) Conducted by her Lord Chamberlam, and^ 'j Vice-Chamberlain, and her train borne, as^ ' before. J The Ladies of Her Majesty's Bedchamber, in waiting. Maids of Honour. Gentlemen Pensioners, 4 X (i Procession xxii APPENDIX. Procession to the Coronation of tlicir present INIajestics. Tlie King's Herb-woman, with her six Maids, strewing the way with herbs, The Dean's Jkadle of Westminster, with his staff. High Constable of Westminster, with his staff, in a scarlet cloak. A Fife. Four Drums. The Drum- Major. Eight Trumpets. A Kettle Drum. Eight Trumpets. The Serjeant Trumpeter. Tiic Six Clerks in Chancery. Closet-Keeper of the Chapel Royal. King's Chaplains, having dignities. Sheriffs of London, Aldermen of London. Masters in Chancery. The King's Serjeant at I^aw. Solicitor-General ". Attorney-General ''. The King's Ancient Serjeant. Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. Barons of the Exchequer and Justices of both Benches, two and two. Chief Ijaron of the Exchequer. Chief Justice of the Common Pleas^ Master of the Rolls''. Chief Justice of the King's Bench^ Children of the Choir of Westminster, in their surplices. Serjeant of the Vestry, in a scarlet gown. Serjeant Porter, in a scarlet gown. Children of the Chapel Royal, in surplices, widi scarlet mantles over them. Choir of W estminster, in surplices. Organ Blower. Groom of the Vestry. Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal, in scarlet mantles. 'Jlie Sub-Dean of the Chapel Royal, in a scarlet gown. Prebendaries of Westminster, in surplices and rich copes. The Dean of Westminster', in a surplice and rich cope. The Master of the Jewel-house s, wjih one of his officers going by him, both in scarlet. Two Pursuivants of Scotland. Bath, King of Arms, in his habit of the order, and crown in his hand. Knights of the Buth, not Peers, in the full habit of the order, two and two, carrying their cap? and feathers in their hands. (a) Hon. Charles Yoike, afterwards Loiti Movdcu. (c) Lord Mansiiild, went as a Peer. (b) C'hailes Pratt, Esq. the late Lord Camden. (< ,) Rigiit Rev. Dr. Pearcc. (c) (d) Uciug Privy Councillors, walked as such. (g) Sir Ricliard Littleton. Blue APPENDIX. xxiii Blue Mantle, Pursuivant. Rouge Dragon, Pursuivant. Privy Councillors, not Peers. His Majesty's Vice-Chanibcrlaiii \ Comptroller of liie Ilouscliold''. Treasurer of the Household''. Rouge Croix, Pursuivant. Portcullis, Pursuivant. Baronesses, in tlicir robes of estate ; their coronets in their hands. Barons, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in their hands. Norfolk, Herald extraordinary. Bishops, in their rochets; their caps in their liands. (ji, Blanche-Coursier, Herald. Brunswick, Herald. Viscountesses, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in their hands. Viscounts, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in tiieir hands. Lancaster, Herald. Somerset, Herald. Countesses, in their robes of estate ; their coronets on their heads. Earls, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in their haiuls. Windsor, Herald. Richmond, Herald. ; . Marchionesses, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in tlieir hands. Marquisses, in tiieir robes of estate ; their coronets in their iiands. York, Herald. Ciiester, Herald. Duchesses, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in their hands. Dukes, in their robes of estate ; dieir coronets in their hands. The Lord Chamberlain of the Household''. Ulster. Clarencieux. Norroy, King of Arms. The Lord Privy Seal', in his robes of estate ; his coronet in his hand. The Lord Chancellor', in his robes of estate, and coronet in his hand, bearing tiie purse. Lord Archbishop of Canterbury ?, with his rociiet; his cap in his hand. Two Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, in proper mantles ; their hats in their hands, repre- senting the Dukes of Acquitaiiie *". Normandy '. 'Ihe Queen's Vjce-Chamberlain ''. Two Gentlemen L shers. Tlie Ivory Rod, with the Dove, i The Queen's Lord Chamberlain ', a Tiie Sceptre, w idi the Cross borne by the Eail of North--? in iiis robes, with his coronet and ^ borne by the Duke of Rut- ainpton, in his robes of estate. ' statf in his hand. * land, in his robes of estate. rr> c: ■ . . A ( The Queen s croM'n, borne bv the Duke J m c- • , Two Serjeants at Arms. ] • , • , / I ^wo Serjeants at A C of liolton, in his robes ot estate. i rms. {a) Honorable William Fincli, Esq. (g) Dr. Thomas Seeker. (I)) Earl Po« is, wrnt as a Peer. (li) Sir William Breton. (c) Earl of Tliomond. (i) Sir Thomas Robinson, Baronet, now Lord Cran- (d) Duke of Devonshire- tham. (c) Earl Temple. (k) Lord Viscount Cantaliipe. (f)Lor«l Henley, afterwards Earl of Northiiigton. (1) Duke of Manclititer. Gentlemen X\IV APPENDIX. Bishop of f Norwich THE QUEEN, ■^ Bishop of In her ro}al robes (on her head a circlet of gold adorn- Lincoln. ed with jewels) going under a canopy of cloth of gold, ■{ borne by sixteen Barons of the Cinque Ports ; her train ^ supported by her Royal Higlniess Princess Augusta, in her robes of estate, assisted by six Earl's daugliters, 'viz. by Lady Mary Grey. Lady Selina Hastings. Lady Elizabeth Mentague. Lady Heneage Finch. Lady Jane Stewart. Lady Mary Douglas. Princess's coronet, borne by the Marquis of Caernarvon- Duchess of Ancaster, Mistress of the Robes. Two women of her ISIajesty's Bedchamber. The King's Regalia. St. Edward's Staff, borne by ^ The Golden Spurs, borne by j The Sceptre, with the Cross, the Duke of Kingston, in his < the Earl of Sussex, iu his ^ borne by the Duke of Marlbo- ' robes. ^ rough, iu his robes. The Second Sword, borne by robes. Tlie Third Sword, borne by the Earl of Sutherland, in his robes. ( Curtana, borne by the Earl of / Lincoln, in his robes. } Lincoln, in his robes. i (. J robes Usher of the White Rod, with his rod. the Earl of Suffolk, in his The Lord Mayor of ") Lyon, King of Arms of Scotland *", carry- ( London ^, in Vlayor of^l his gown, f i collar, and jewel,bear-^ing his crown in his iiig the city raacc. J hand. /'Garter, Principal /" Gentleman Usher of J King of Arms % car- * the Black Rod '', with drying his crown in his ^his rod. iiand. '): The Lord Great Chamberlain of England, in his robes of estate, and coronet and white staff in his hand. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, in his robes of estate, and coronet in his hand ; his train borne by His Royal Highness the Duke of York, in his robes of estate, and coronet in his hand; his train borne by Colonel Brudenell. Earl Marshal % in his ^ The Sword of State, '^ rLord High Constable r High Constable of robes,withhiscoronetf borne by the Earl off * of England', in his ^ Scotland ?, in his and Earl Marshal's Mluntingdon, in bisf ^robes,\vith hiscoronetjrobes, with iiis coro- staff. 1 robes. J C ''"'^ ^'''^' (^ net and staff. (ii) Sir Matthew Dlackiston. (1)) Jolin Campbell Hooke, Esq. (c) Steplien Martin Leake, Esq. (d) Sir Sepliiiuis Kobiu^on. (e) Earl of Effingham. (f ) Duke of Bedford. (g) Earl of ErroK A gentleman, APPENDIX. XXV 1 ■= -E a O S CT\\c Sccplrp, with r St. F-ihvaid's Crown, ^Tlie Oil), rs,^ 1 tlic Dove, borne by } borne by the Lord' lUc J)ukc -J High Steward % in^r .' his robes. j r borne ke of the Duke of Rich- J High Steward % in^mcrsct, m mond, in his robes.' his robes. J robes bv theCThe Bible, carried^ Tlie Cliidice, I I X I' TTlie Paten, by theT « i; If' -^"^ -^Bishop of Roches--^ by the Bisliop of ^- die Bishop (^ Carlisle. 3 Chester. < -5 E I ter. C Bishop of ) ( Lincoln. ) a .2 a u s o a u o in of theT^ . c . ^Captain of the C Lieutenant of^ VCaptani of the/ ' i / len of the;,, . • f Gentlemen Pen- Uhe BandofGen-f <^ Horse, ni wait-V . . . \ . ^ hisjtlemen Pension-^ ' ers. 1 ( sioners, es.\ J* f THE KING, ~1 C Bishop of In his royal robes (on his head a cap of C -L^u'ljam. estate, adorned with jewels) going under a -i canoj)y of cloth of gold, borne by sixteen !- Barons of the Cinque Ports ; his train supported by sis Lords, eldest sons of ^ Peers. J Viscount Mandcville. Marquis of Hartington. Lord Howard. Lord Grey. Lord Beauchanip. Loid Xewnhani. At the end of the train the Master of the Robes, the Honorable James Brudenell. Standard Bearer ^ Captain of the Band off Yeomen V . . < iiorse, 11 Gentlemen Pen-i Guard, in his J. ■ , . sioners. / robes. (. J robes A Gentleman of the King's Bedchamber. Two Grooms of the Bedchamber. Ensign of the Yeomen of the Guard. Lieutenant of the Yeomen of the Guard. Exempts. Yeomen of the Guard. Exempts. The Clerk of the Cheque to the Yeomen of the Guard. Kote. All the Peers in the procession were in their robes of estate, and being Knights of the Garter, Thistle, or Balii, wore the collars of their respective orders. About half an hour after one, their Majesties entered the Abbey, and went to their seats on the east side of the throne. The Archbishoj) of Canterbury made the recognition, and then their Majesties made their tiist oblation, and took their seats on the south side of the altar. Then the Litany began ; during which the regalia were severally presented at the altar, and the great ofEcers retired to their seats. The Litany being ended, and part of the Communion Service read by the archbishop. Dr. I)ruinmond ^ bishop of Salisbury, jireached the sermon, from the following words, viz. " Blessed be the Lord thy God, which delighted in thee ; to set thee on the throne of Israel ; " because the Lord loved Israel for ever, therefore made he thee King, to do Judgment and " Justice," 1 Kings, x. is. (a) Earl Talbot. (b) Afterwards Lurci Anlibishop of York. The xxvi APPENDIX. The sermon being ended, his Majesty made the usual declaration, and took and subscribed llie Coronation oath. At the Revolution, in 1688, the old Coronation oath was laid aside, on account of its " having been framed in doubtful words and expressions, with relation to ancient laws and " constitutions at that time unknown :" and the following was, by Act of Parliament ', sub- .slituted instead of it. The Arciibishop or bishop shall sa}', " Will you solemnly promise and swear to govern the people of tliis kingdom of England, and " the dominions thereto belonging, according to the statutes in parliament agreed on, and the " laws and customs of the same?" The King and Queen siiali say, " I solemnly promise so to do." Archbishop or bishop. — " Will you, to your power, cause law and justice in mercy, to be " executed in all your judgments ?' King and Queen. — " I will." Archbishop or bishop. — "Will you, to the utmost of your power, maintain the laws of God, " the true profession of the gospel, and the Protestant reformed religion es'.ablislied by law ? " And will you preserve unto the bishops and clergy of this realm, and to the churches com- " mitted to their charge, all such rights and privileges as by law do or shall appertain unto them, " or any of them .'" King and Queen. — "All this I promise to do." After this the King and Queen, laying his and her hand upon the holy gospels, shall say, King and Queen. — " The things which I have here before promised, I will perform and « keep — So help me God." Then the King and Queen shall kiss the book. After "Veni Creator," his Majesty removed to St. Edward's chair, and the unction was performed by the archbishop ; four Knights of the Garter holding a pall over his Majesty dur- ing the anointing, viz. the Duke of Devonshire, the Earl of Northumberland, the Earl of Hert- ford, and Earl Waldegrave. The spurs were then presented, and his Majesty girt with the sword, which was afterwards otfered and redeemed. His Majesty was then invested with the armiiia, the purple robe, or imperial pall, and orb, and afterwards receiving the ring, returned tiie orb to the ahar. The Marquis of Rockingham, deputy to the Duke of Norfolk, as lord of the manor of Worksop, presented a righl-hand glove to his Majesty, who, putting it on, received from the archbishop the sceptre, with the cross, and afterwards the sceptre, with the dove, into his left hand ; and the marquis did afierwards support his Majesty's right hand, as occasion required. The archbishop then set the crown upon his Majesty's head, about half an hour after three o'clock, amidst the acclamations of an infinite number of spectators ; upon which the Peers put on their coronets, the Dukes of Normandy and Acquitaine their hats ; the Bishops, Knights of the Bath, and Judges, their caps, and the Kings of Arms their crowns. Then the archbishop presented the Bible, and pronounced the benediction ; and his Majesty kissed the bishops kneeling before him. While "Te Deum" was singing, his Majesty was enthroned; whereupon the bishops per- formed their homage, and then the temporal lords ; first his Royal Highness the Duke of York, (ii) Stilt. 1 Gill. A Mar. cap. 6. and APPENDIX. sxvii and his Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, each for himself. Tlien the Duke of Devon- shire, Lord Chamberlain, pronoimccd the words of homage for all the dukes; the Marquis of Rockingliam, for the marquisscs ; llarl Talbot, Lord High Steward, for the earls ; Viscount Say and Sele, for the viscounts; and Lord Henley, Lord Clianctllor, for the barons; every peer, likewise, taking ofF his coronet, touciied the King's crown, and kissed his left cheek. During the homage, his Majesty delivered the sceptre, with the cross, to tiie Marquis of Rockingham (officiating as Lord of the Manor of Worksop) to hoM. In the meantime, medals of his Majesty and the Queen were thrown about by the Treasurer of the Household *. The Coronation of his Majesty being finished, the Queen removed from her seat on the south side of the area to a chair placed before the altar, and was anointed, (four ladies holding a pall over her Majesty) and afterwards invested \\itli the ring, anil crowned by the archbishop ; upon \\\nd\ the peeresses put on tiieir coronets. The archbishop then delivered the sceptre into her right hand, and the ivory rod into her left. Their Majesties then made their second oblation, and received the Communion ; and the final prayers being read, they retired into St. Andrew's Chapel, where they were invested with tiieir royal robes and crowns of state. After the ceremony, which lasted six hours, a procession was made back to Westminster-hall, in the same order as before, except that the regalia, prebends, and choirs did not return, and that the Marquis of Rockingham attended iiis Majesty to support his right arm. On the Queen's entrance hito the Hall, three thousand wax lights were all lighted in less than five minutes. Their Majesties soon after retired into the Court of ^\'ards, till dinner was ready, and then, sitting in their ciiairs of state, the first course was brought up with the usual ceremony, bis Royal Highness the Duke of York, and his Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, sitting at the end of the table, on his Majesty's right hand, and her Royal Highness the Princess Au- gusta, at the other end of the table, on the Queen's left hand. Before the second course the Champion was brought up, between the High Constable and the Earl Marshal, followed by four Pages, and preceded by the Herald, who pronounced the Challenge, the Champion's two Esquires, with his lance and target, two Serjeants at Arms, and the trumpets; the Knight Marshal going before to clear the passage. Immediately after the return of the Champion, Garter King of Arms, attended by the rest of the Heralds, proclaimed his Majesty's stile in Latin, French, and English, three several times, first upon the top of the steps, near the table ; next in the middle of the Hall ; and lastly at the bottom of the Hall. The second course was then served up in the same order as the first. The several services, which had been allowed by the Court of Claims, were performed ; and his Majesty was pleased, after dinner, to confer the honor of knighthood upon John Bridge, Esq. Standard Bearer, and Owen Jones, Esq. Senior Gentleman of the Band of Gentlemen Pensioners, and Charles Towiiley, Esq. Clarencieux King of Arms. (a) Thosr of the Queen had on one side a half UngtU On the other side her iMsjcsty at full length, with a of her Majesty, and in the exergue these words : .Seraph placing a erown on her liead ; tlie exergue " CUABI.OTTA D. c. M. B. FR. ET HIBER. REGI.NA." " Q^.ESlTVM .MEUiTls," i.e. obtained by merit. 4U All xxviii APPENDIX. All tlic w ay of the procession was lined with crowded scaffolds, and the Abbey also was as full and guy as possible. The royal dinner was most magnificent, and the number of spectators, richly dressed, ahnost incredible. Lord Ligonier, as commanding officer of the guard on duty, had a small tent fixed on the left side of the platform, in Old Palace-yard, where he paid his salute to their Majesties as they passed in procession ; 2800 of the foot guards were on duty all the time; Sir John Mordaunt's light horse patrolled the streets all the day and night to prevent disorders, and Sir Robert Rich's dragoons were placed at Charing-Cross, St. James's-square, and in the Park at the end of George-street, for the same purpose : the new royal standard was lioisted at the Tower ; all the ships in the River displayed their flags. Sec. ; all the streets were illuminated in the evening, and there was an entire stagnation of all sorts of business. A little before the procession began, proceeded that of her Royal f lighness the Princess Dowager of Wales, from the House of Lords, across Old I'alace-yard, on a platform erected for that purpose, to the south cross of Westminster Abbey. She was led by the hand by his Royal Highness Prince William Henry % dressed in white and silver; her train, which was of silk, was but short, and therefore v as not borne by any person, and her hair flowed down her shoulders in hanging curls. She had no cap, but only a circlet of diamonds. The rest of the Princes and Princesses, her Highness's children, followed in order. His Royal Highness Prince Henry Frederick *■, also in white and silver, holding his sister the Princess Louisa Anne ', dressed in a slip, with hanging sleeves. Then His Royal Highness Prince Frederick William '', likewise in white and silver, handing his youngest sister, the Princess Caroline Matilda '', dressed also in a slip, with hanging sleeves. Both the young Princesses had their hair combed upwards, which was contrived to lie flat at the back of their heads, in an elegant taste. The other persons who made up the remainder of this procession, were those who had not a right to walk with their Majesties. The jjrocession was closed by the three Mahometan Ambassadors, then at the court, in the proper dresses of their country ; having their turbans of flne muslin on their heads, and long •rowns of flowered and laced silk : their sabres were crimson, and in each of them were inclosed a dagger and poniard. The <»reat diamond in his Majesty's crown fell out in returning to Westminster Hall, but was immediately found and restored. (a) Tlie late Diikc of Ciloiuistcr. (d) Since deceased. (b) The late Duke of Ciiiiiberland. (e) The late (iiiceu of Denmark. (c) Since deceased. LNDEX INDEX TO THE xa:vies of places. AbBEFORD, O.vf. Page 219 Abergavenny, Castle of, Wales, 336 Abington, Canibr. 9?» Aeton, Bucks, '.'69 Acton, JliiUI. 403 AilJiiiHton, Suit. M A^mondesliam, Bucks, 369 Alccster, AV'aivv. lOd AKl i;ivet, Duih. 40J Alillbid, Clic^h. C->b Alesbiiry, I'jiicks, 197 Abi«ick, Northnml). j8t> Alrcilalc, Curab. Si43 ADdcvcre, or Andover, Hants, 369 Anitoitby, Lane. 2.i5 Angle I'arva, Essex, 41(> A jielilerbani, .Sussex, Hi Apse, Suit, ilij Ardrley, Essex, 275 Anlley, liciet'. .)92 Asliboine, Ueib. jit Ashburlon, Devon. 649 Aslieby Marsb, Noitbampt. 286 yVslielie, Noif. til Asbby, , 183 Asbtiin, CUesli. 4G'i Asbwell Hall, Essex, 198 Aslabie, Yoiksh. 236 Astley, Waiw. 413 Aston, 0\{. Ill* Aston-Beinard, Bucks, 263 .'Vston-Cantlow, Warw. 123 Aston-Clinton, Bucks, 100* Athcwyk, now Adwick-upon-Deruc, Yoiksb. oy> Attcrtdn, Kent, 76 Aukland, Uiiib. 313 Ankland, Bisliops, Durh. Page 317 Aukland, West, llurli. S6.i ;\ure, Glone. 106* Ami, Devon. 149 Aylineton, Hercf. Ill* .•\ylesbury, Bucks, 130. 215 Aylmeiton, Noif. 621 Azois Jlanor, Bcddington, Surr. 323 B. Babingwortli, Essex, 331 Badcw, Essex, 143 Bainton, Yoiksb. 102 B.ikion, Devon, 216 Babloek, Hertl'. 607 Balsiiaui, Waiw. 829 Baiibuiy, Oxf. 410 Bannin^liani, Noif. 113 Bardolfe in .4ddington, Suit. 51 I5arkin;, Essex, 283. 492 Baineby, Yoiksb. 176 r.arms, Suit. 639 Barnslabic, Devon. 173 Barton, or lUrton, Nottingb. 272 Battersea, Suit. O^j Battle Abbey, Sussex, 439 Baurnbergbe, Nortbunib. 304 Bcckewortlie, East, Surr. 431 Beckinubani, Line. 132 Be(UIiuj:lon, Home, Snrr. 323 Bedmiiister, Doisetsb. 360 Bekesbourne, Kent, 101* j Benliam, Berks, 181. 231i Bcnham, Glouc. 430 Bentlegb, Hants, 121 Bentley, Yoiksb. 33J Bericole, Warw. 23t Berkeoliead Abbey, Clicsli. 303 Bcikbolt, Suff. PagclS-i Bermcton, Durb. 451 Bery, Devon. 463 Bieknor, Glouc. 257 Bickton, Sliropsb. 491 Billingelay, Yoiksb. 208 Bilsiugton, Kent, 36 Binston, Norf. 3u7 Biscopcstre, , 191 Bishop's Aukland, Durb. 3 17 Bishop's Castle, Sbropsb. 446 Biwell, Nortbunib. 99 Blacbiiititon, Sussex, 120 Blackmore Forest, Dors. 324 Bladen*, Oxf. 280 Blakeston, Duib. .355 Blanfurd Ryan, Dors. 177 Bl( bnry, Btrks, 405 Blctbesdon, Oxf. 97* lUotield, Norf. 631 Bockhanipton, Berks, 100*. 209 Bo!»litoa, or Brougbton, Oxf. 267 r>oklianipton, Berks, 234 ISinidby, Line. 74 Bor< bach, Wilts, 246 Bo'-bury, Hercf. 486 Boschain, Sussex, 193. 337 Boscic, Chesh. 228 Boyton, Essex, 235 Bradbru^jc, .Sussex, 203 Bradeford, Wilts, 170 Bradebam, Hants, 163 Bradelty, Line. 151 Bradelcy, Staff. 102 Bradepole, Dors. 127 Bradford, Wiltsh. 362. 385 Bradford, Y'orksb. 418 Bradwell, Essex, 172. 415 Braitbwell, Yoikbli. 438 •1 U 3 Brambelrgh, INDEX. Brambclegli, or Bromlfy, Micld. Pagf 49. 103 Braunston, Northanipt. 566 Bray, Berks, 206 Braylts, 'M'arw. 46t Bridebroko, Essex, 2C6 Bridgenorth, Sliropsli. 313 Bridshall, Staff. 391 Bripstoi-k, Northampt. 608 Brill, Bucks, 197 Brimiiigtoii, Derb. 156 Briiicston, Clicsli. or Dors. 125 Brinnington, Cliesli. 414 Brocolmstovv, Nottingli. 178 Brodeliam, Devon. 216 Brodgate Park, Leic. 426 Brokenerst, Hants, 127. 180 Brom, Suff. 95 Brome, Kings, Wanv. 313 Brook House, Yorksli. 433 Brotherton, Yorksli. 324 Broiighton, Line. 452 Bnig, or Burg, Sliropsli. 482 Bruge, Little, Shropsli. 159 Bruhain, Bedf. 149 Brunesleg, Nottingh. 178 Brunnesley, Nottingh. 143 Bryanston, Dors. 125 Buckenham, Norf. 61 Budwortb, Clicsh. 462 Builtli, Radn. 491 Bulewell, Nottingli. 142 Buram, Rent, 292 Burcestei, Oxf. 283. 495 Burdelbyn-Sculton, Norf. 63 Bure-Ferrers, Cornvv. 289 Bures, Essex, 183. 308 Bnrlord, Oxf. 512 Buiford, Sliropsli. 166 Bulge, Derby. 277 Burgli-on-tlie-Sands, Cunib. 96 Burgliam, Kent, 335 Burnliaui Depedale, Norf. 408 Burstall olim Borestall, Bucks, 243 Burton, Nottingli. 381 Burton, Sussex, 339 Bury St. Edmunds, Suff. 411. 601 Butlers, alias Herewards, Norf. 490 Buxton, Norf. 98* Byucdon, Cornw. 499 Calsilia, Cornw. 84. 8G Caldccote, Norf. 25 Calistoke, Cornw. 469 Cambcrwcll, Surr. 4-18 Cambridge, Cambr. Page 78 Camay, Island of, one of the He- brides, 616 Caniiok; Forest of, Suff. 253 Carlcoats, Yoiksh. 439 Carleton, Nottingh. 115 Carleton juxta Kolhwell, Y^orksh. 455 Carlisle, City of, 320 Carlton, Norf. 192 Casham, Hants, 121 Cashiobury, Hertf. 624 Castle Camps, Cambr. 16 Castle Caiy, Somers. 124 Castle Rising, Norf. 10'2*. 333 Cattcsliill, Surr. 212 Cawstoii, Norf. 457 Chagford, Devon. 649 Chakendon, Oxf. 518 Charidon, Forest of, Wilts, 174 Charlton, Little, Kent, iJT Charllon, Staff. 405 Clieddick, Oxf. 116 Chelsea, Midd. 110 Cliencs, Surr. 64 Clierburgli, Dors. 174 Chesliam, Backs, 204 Cheshanger, Norf 109* Chester, City of, 201. 453 Chester, City and County of, 523 Chester, County Palatine of, 308 Chesterton, Warw. 242 Chettington, Slnop. 122 Chcwton Mendip, Somersetsh. 639 Chichester, Sussex, 156 Chilton, Somers. 196 Chingford, Essex, 406. 453 Cliinting, Sussex, 119 Chippenham, Wilts, 583 Chirk Castle, Denb. 651 Cholnier, Essex, 6C5 Cliyngelfoi'd, Essex, 332 Claydon, Bucks, 157 Clehungre, Heief 285 Clifton, Westmorl. 459 Climiber, Noltingh. 387 Clun, Shropsh. 515. 561. 573. 577 Clymeslond, Cornw. 466 Clyxby, Line. 205 Coicty, Glamorg. 456 Coleshill, Warw. 512 Colewyke, or Ovcr-Colcwick, Not- tingh. 150 Colne, Earls, Essex, 16 Comb Kcincs, Dorsetsh. 631 Coniberton, Cambr. 272 Comelessend, Hants, 261 Conclesftld, Wilts, 246 Congresbnry, Somers. Page 636 Coningston, Leic. 281 Conway Castle, Caernarv. 322 Copcrland, Kent, 76 Coringham, Essex, 395 Cornwall, County of, 600 Cote, Oxf. Ill* Cotes, Derb. 233 Coteswolds, Glouc. 578 Cotingham, Yorksh. 105* Cotoin, Durh. 368 Cotlington, Nottingh. 1C7 Cranmore, East, 411 Cicndon, Bucks, 462 Cresby, Lane. 226 Creswell, Berks, 72 Cuckwold, Yorksh. 416 Ciikeiiey, Nottingh. 293 Cnmberton, Cambr. 185. 195 Cuiiibes, Surrey, 298 D. Daggeworth, Suff. 171 Ualeniayn, Cumb. 447 Dalton, Yorksh. 217 Dancing, now Dengy, Essex, 6GS Danygate, Yorksh. 227 Dartmore, Forest of, Devon. 150, 151. 173 Degeinuc, Cornw. 287 Delanieio, Forest of, Chesh. 251 Denbigh, Town of, Wales, 42 Dcncver, Caermarth. 566 Derby, County of, 611 Dertinore, Forest of v. Dartmore Dodbroke, Devonsh. 575 Doncaster, Yorksh. 565 Dorchester, Dorset. 291 Doie, Derb. 382 Dover, Kent, 291. 611 Downhall, Cambr. 97* Drakelow, Derb. 147 Droscunibe, Devon. 150 Drycot, Staff. 391 Duiielslie, Dors. 396 Duninow, Essex, 223. 519 Dunstable, Bedf. 270 Dunton, Norf 274 Durham, Btshoprick of, 504 Durham, City of, 286. 360. 443 Dylew, or Dylwin, Hcref. 425 Earls Colne, Essex, 16 Easington, Durh. 353 East Bechcworthe, Siut, 431 East INDEX. East Cranmorc, Sojncrs. Page 411 East Gaicston, Berks, 99. 103 East Ilam, Essex, 05 East Hcndred, Berks, 282 East Rudliam, Norf. 510 East Siiiitliticld, Lond. i:!0 East Wordham, Hants, 74 Eastbrii;, Kent, 'J6.') Eastlcy, Sliropsh. ICt Eecles, Noif. o'.'j Ecclcstield, Voiksh. 588 Eelierncndon, Shropsh. '.'tiO Edburtou, Bucks, I'Ji Ed^'cware, Midd. 4fc'. 455. 623 Eggelield, Lane. 319 ICglosderi, Cornw. 287 Egmund, Shropsh. 263 f^greniont Castle, Ciinib. 107 Eldresfeld, Wore. 463 Elerkey, Cornw. 261 Elkesley, Nottin-h. 433 Ehnesale, Yorksh: 200 Elston, Nottingh. 193 Elvet, Aid, Durh. 402 Elvct, New, Diirh. 408 Elyns!, Hants, 222 Enborne, East and West, Berks, 4ii0 Enfield, Midd. 216 Enshain, Oxf. 513 Epping, Eppinges, Essex, 73. .332 Eresby, Line. 348 Esegarston, Berks, 103* Esperett, Sonicrs. 277 Esscbuin, no.v Ashborne in the Peak, Derb. 514 Esseby, Northampt. 78 Essington, Staff. 449 Estly, Southanipt. 99* Eston, Oxf. 215. 222 Estuerldham, Hants, 102» Eton, Bucks, 269 Ewe, County of, in Normandy, 157 T^xeter, City of, 509. 604 Exniore, Forest of, Devon. 119 Kxmore, Soraers. 314 Eystau, or Eston, Essex, 65. 196 F. Taintro, Slnropsh. 175 Karlesworth, Lane. S'iG Fede, Hants, £26 Fclstede, or Falstcde, Essex, 130 Fernham, alias Faniiiain-Royal, Bucks, 45 Fife, Scotland, 61 Finchingfield, Essex, 194 Finchley, Midd. Page 451 Fiugret, alias Fiugrey, Essex or Cauibr. 43 Fingritli, Essex, 15 Fiskerton, Nottingh. 479 Flamsted, Hirtf. 334 Fleet Prison, Lond. 224 Folliugliam, Line. 158 Fordingbridge Hundr. Hants, ll5 I'oteburue, Line. 158 Foull)((k, Line. 456 Frollcbury, Hants, 184. 240 I'romynton, Hcref. 305 Fulliain, Midd. 401 Fuluier, Berks, 316 G. Gareston, East, Berks, 99. 103 Gargawell, Cornw. 412 Gatesdene Magna, Hertf. 461 Galeshill, Surrey, 210 Gidding.Magna, Huntingd. 230 Gignes, alias Giug-Regimv, Essex or Cainbr. 43 Glllingham, Kent, 590 GiUingliani, Somers. 254 Ginnningliam, Norf. 441. 454 Gissag, Dors. 152 Glapton, NortUanipt. 219 Glastonbury, Souiers. 409 Glentworlli, Line. 225 Gloucester, City of, 314 Gloucester, Comity of, 628 Gos«ick, Durh. 374 Gotliam, Nottingh. 604 Goulthorp, Yorksh. 5U8 Gower, Glamorg. 611 Gradele, Line. 173 (iiiil'ton, Wilts, 165 On at Giddiiig, Hnutingd. 238 Great Toy, Essex, 484 Great Uscworth, Durh. 366 Greeucroft, Durh. 354 Greens Norton, Northampt. 231 (jrenilon, Bucks, 4(;0 (jreudon, Hcref. 500 Greuocle, Sussex, 289 Grcssenhalc, Norf. 493 Gressingham, Lane. 275 Grimston, Norf. 492 Grishawe, Norf. 61 Gueddiug, Cauibr. 112*. 262 Guildford, Surrey, 98*. 203. 229. 600 Gunulthwaite, now Gunthwaite, Yorksli. 435 Gyneldall, North, Y'orksli. 167 H. Habyrdon, in Bury, Stiff. Page 603 Haddenham, Bucks, 585 Haddou, West, Northampt. 593 Hale, Northampt. 106* Hallaton, Lcic. 626 Halliugbury, Essex, 273, S13 Hi lion, Chesh. 380. 578 Ham, Midd. 563 Hanipslap, Bucks, lOi* Hampton, Hcref. 187 Hauistead Marshal, Berks, 34 Haulcgh, Surt'. 221 Hants, County of, 580 Haikereet, Shropsh. 169 Harleficld, Gloue. 23, 24 FFarrow on the Hill, Midd. 583 Hartlepool, Durh. .505 Hashwell, Essex, 93 Hastings, Sussex, 290 Hattield, olim Hetbfeld, Essex, 252 Hatfield Broad Oak, Essex, 325 Hathersedge, Dcrbysh. 561 Havering, Essex, 182 Haversholme, Cumb. 306 Haurcd, West, Berks, 189 Hawardyn, Chesh. 228 Hecham, Norf. 485. 500 Heckington, Derb. 175 Hedsor, Bucks, 414 Heighingtoii, Durh. 378 Hemingston, Sutf. 79 H Hiixtliorii, Berks, 110'' llynlon, Nortliamiil. ool Hyvvi.die, Wilts, 176 I. J. Jersey, t!u' Island of, 633 Ikenliiini, llidd. lO'J 1 liner, 15ueks, 272 Iiiimere, AVilts, 10,>* Irsliintield, liciet'. 6;>-' Isledoii Berners, or lUiiiersbury, Midd. 668 Isleliam, Camb. 446 Islewortli, Midd. 6;V2 Islington, Midd. 403. 568. K. Kedeiinton, Hants, 168 Kelvedoii, Essex, 331 Kenuingliall, Norf. 57 KeniiingtODj Surrey, 637 Kcnsenton, Oxf. 10 Kent, County of, 597. 603. 609 Kent, Wealds of, 434 Kenton, Devon. 021 Ketlilbi rston, Suff. 39 Kibuorth-Beancbanip, Lcic. CG Kidderminster, M'orccst. 574 Kidlingtoii, Oxf. Page 508 Kidwelly, Caermarth. 87 Kierkeby, Wcstmoil. 97 KileTjy, Line. 279 Kilnierston, .Somers. 481 Kindertun, Chesh. 510 Kingeshani, Gloiieest. 67 Kingcston, Hcref. 304 Kings-Broine, AVarw. 313 Kings Stanford, Heref. 296 Kingston Rnssel, Dorset, 98*. 135 Kinwaldmersli, Derb. 132 Knelton-Ollevrthin, Shropsh. 331 Knutsford, Cliesh. 577 Kyngcsliam, Sussex, 173 Kyugcston, Heref. 225 La Barr, Devon. 150 Lakestoke, AVilts, 174 La Lee, f 'liesli. 228 Lamlionrn, Essex, 331 Lancaster, tbe Town of, 96. 207. .302 Langelcy, Oxf. 259 Langliolmc in Eskdale, Scotland, 611 Langley, Shropsh. 27.> Langwa'Ji, Yorksli. 393 Lanton, Heref. 143 La Okc, Heref. 305 Lastrcs, Heief. 113 Latun, Durh. 445 Lavchani, Suff. 16 Lavcnham, Suff. 440 Launceston, Cornw. 94 Laxton, Northampt. 200 Lecbamplon, Norf. 100* Lcdcrcde, now Leatberiiead, Surrey 221 I.esre, Rsfcx, 91. 1.37 Leicester, City of, 333 Leiiipster, Hcref. 599 Lenyngburn, Kent, 288 Lesto, Kent, 221 Leston, Chcsh. 228 Lcstwithiel, Corn%v. 571. ,595 LettcwcUe, Yorksli. 333 Levington, Y'oiksh. 432 Lciineston, Devon. 173 Lewe, Lewes, Oxf. 1 17. 279 Lewes, Sussex, 570 Leyham, Suff. 202 Lidingfland, Hundred of, Suff. 319 Lighthorn, Warw. 312 Lilleston, Midd. 180 Lincoln, City of, 341. 433 Lincoln Cathedral, Page £05 Lincoln, County of, 237 Lindeshull, Hants, 183 Liston, Essex, 54. 302 Little Charlton, Kent, 457 Little Holland, Essex, 187 Little Messcnden, Bncks, 204 Little Singleton, lane. 219 Little Useworlb, Durh. 307 Lodebrook, Warw. 513 London, 599 Longedon, AVarw. 167 Losebeig, Hundred of. Dors. 156 Loston, Devon. 150 Lostwithiel, Cornw. .574. 595 Lolhesly, Surrey, 210. 211 Lovinton, Sussex, 201 Loiii'd, Nottingh. 387 Lowlyn, Durh. 373 Ludewell, Oxf. 207 Lufteuliani, Kutl.73 Lyinbury's, Canibr. 440 Lyndeby, Nottingh. 188 Lyndeshulne, Hants, JOA* Lystou, Devon. 287 M, Madcley, Staff. 102 IMagna Gatcsclene, Htrtf. 401 lAIalden, Maldon, Essex, 287. 440. 566 IMalling, South, Kent, 451. 503 Man, Isle of, 39. 583. 393 •Manefene, Line. 226 iManslield Woodhouse, Nottiiigh. 253, 312 Maperdeshale, Bcdf. 92 Mapleseaiimp, Kent, 281 Alarrlen, Heref. 294 M.irham, Norf 589 .Marlborough, Wilts, 585 Marston, Heref. 299 Mawardyn, Hcref. 297 Mayford, Suit. 108 Mckcsburgh, now Mcxburgh, Yorksh. 336 Alcndippe HilLs, Sonier.s. 571 Menestokcs, Hants, 168 Merdeselde, Lcic. 228 Merphull, Chcsh. 99* Mertok, Soniers. Ill Messcnden, Little, Bucks, 204 Middelton, Lillebon, AYilts, 253 Middlesex, County of, 338 Middleton, Himdred of, Kent, C7. 505 Middlctou tSUFX. JliJdIPton Chrncy, or Clicndiiit, Noiiliampt. Fapc 576 Midiliiitoii, ()\f. M6 Bliclkton, Lane. 462 Midlovciit, Sussex, 193 Miiliigg, Duili. 358 Millaii, Norf. 571 Milton, Kent, 621 Mitcliam, Siiir. a«2 Moleocy, Suit. 93 IMole.. 103 Cheney, Bartholomew de, 51, 5» Chester, Hugh Liipns Earl of, 350 Chester, Ralph Bluudeville Eail of, 503 Chester, Randal Gernouns Earl of, 44t Chester, Raaulph Meschines Larl of, 251. 411 Clietwodc, Peter de, 116 Cholniondely, George James Earl of, 14 Cithared, Roger, 85 Clare, Gilbert de, Ear! of Gloucester, 627 Clare, Gilbert de, Earl of Pembroke, 36. 424 Clare, Richard de,,Earlof Pembroke, 26 Clarcll, William, 335 Clarence, George Duke of, i.'2 Clarence, Margaret Duchess of, 105* Clareijce, Thomas Duke of, 4 Clark, Dartholomevv, 593 Clerk, Ralph, 399, 400, 434 Clerk, Robert, 283 {'.iifford, Robert dc, 26, 335 Clothale, John dc, 10;2 Cljfton, John de, 61 Clyxby, Johii de, 205, 206 Cobliam, Sir John de, 4j6 Coggeshak, Ralph de, 186 Coke, Sir Edward, 17. 34. 4y0 Colevyle, Sir Thomas, 416 Colewyke, Reginald de, 113. 150, 151 Colynson, AVilliam, 356 Compes, Jotui, 194 Condrey, P^ter dcj 896 Constantyn, Geoffery, 460 Conyers, Sir John, 344, 345 Corbet, Roger, 122 Corson, Eustace de, 193 Cornwaile, Jeofry de, 166 Cornwall, Richard Earl of, 106 Cotster, Edmund, 406 .Cotteley, John de, 176 Cotteley, Nicholas de, 176 Couper, Ambrose, 143 Couppinan, John, 363 Courtenay, Hugh, Page 394 Courtenay, Hugh dc, 225 Courtenay, Sir Hugh. 394 Cownall, William, 438 Crabbe, John, 162, 163 Crancunjhe, G. de, 515 Crenel, Robert, 462 Crepping, Dionysia de, 176 Crepping, Robert de, 176 Cresey, William, 438 Crew, Sir John, 251 Criol, Bertram de, 233 Crouchback, Edmund, Earl of Lan- caster, 310, 311 Cnimwcll, Thomas Lord, 6G9 Cukcuey, Thomas de, 294 Cumberland, Henry Earl of, 459 Curtese, John de, 183 Ciirzonn, Thomas, 115 Ti. Uaggeworth, John de, 171 Daggeworth, Nicholas de, 171 Dalden, Sir Jordan de, 443 Daniel, Sie Richard, 439 Danvers, M'illiam, 254 Darci, Sir Marmaduke, 316 Darlington, Hugh de, 404 Daubeny, John de, 67 Delle, Ralphe, 407 Denhand, John, 4,'SS Dennian, Thomas, 383 Derby, Richard George Earl of, 12 Derby, Robert Ferrars Earl of, 537 Derby, M'illiam de Ferrers Eai! of, 73 Derwine, John, 253 De.spcnser, Hugh Ic, 74. 99* Despenser, Adam le, lOO* Devereux, Robert, Earl of Essex, 32 Devonshire, Earl of, 529 Docket, Margaret, ;;02 Doily, Sir John, 336 Dona, William de, 44a Done, Henry, 251 Done, Sir John, 251 Done, RioJiard, 252 Dones, fani. of, 261 Donne, Robert de la, 172 Donne, William de la, 172 Dover, Isabella de, 332 Dover, Robert, 579 Drayton, Sir John, 64 Drayton, Michael, !iT9 Drury, William, 187 Dudley, Ambrose, Earl of Warwick, 66 Dudley, Edward Lord, Page 50£ Dunbar, Alexander, 612 Dunstable, Robert de, 200 Dutton, Hugh, 524. 527 Dutton, John, 324. 526 Dutton Lawrence, 525 Dutton, Thomas, 527 DylcH, Adam de, 425 Dymoek, Sir Edward, 69 Dyniocke, Margaret, 69 Dymocke, Thomas, 69 Dymoke, Sir John,. 62 E. Ecclesia, Gilbert de, 453 Ednunid Crouchback, Earl of Lan- caster, 537 Edmunds, Tobias, 608 Edniundsthotpe, Henry de, 246 Edric Silvaticus, 441 Edric, Duke of Mercia, 76 Egfrid, Bishop of Lindisfarne, 349 Egglesfield, Robert, 587, 588 Eldrcsfeld, Richer.de, 463 Eleford, Robert de, 279 Elcnorde, Robert de, lU* Elvet, John de, 376. 402 Elyng, Roger de, 222 Engaine, Gilbert de, 459 Engaine, Richard, 262 Engaine, Thomas, 231 Engayne, Elena d', 230, 231 Engajrnc, John, 230, 235 Kngayne, Sir John d', 230, 231 English, Thomas, 257 English, William, 257 Erchangcr the Baker, 195 Erics, family of, 97* Erpingham, Sir Thomas, 9 Espiccr, Peter le, 266 Espiccr, Robert le, 266 Essex, Robert JJarl of, 34 Estley, John de, 164 Eston, Robert de, 207 Eurenx, William d', 442 Ewe, Alice Countess of, 385 Exeter, Walter Bishop of, 41* Eyles, Sir John, 60 Eyiesford, Robert de, 117 Eylmyn, William, 438 Eyre, John, 602 F. Fabrica, Walkelin de, 15J Faiotro, Adc de, 175 Taiutroj INDFA'. Xt' ■paiiifro, Isabella dc, Page 175 Fauconbcrj, Philip 4, 5, 443, 457, 527, 538 Lancaster, Thomas Earl of, 441. 461. 537 Langelcy, John de, 259 Larcedekene, Stephen, 261 Larcedekene, William, 261 Lardimer, Philip de, 295 Lardiner, David, 307 Latimer, John Lord, 46 Leek, Francis, 193 Leeke, Sir John, 263, 269 Legre, John de, 137 Legre, William de, 137 Leicester, Edm. Crouchback, Earl of, 4, V. Lancaster Leicester, Henry Earl of, 4.562 Leicester, Henry Grisnmnd Earl of, ■♦ Leicester, Simon Earl of, 3 Leicester, Thomas Earl of, 4 Lcston, Joan, 54 Leston, William, 54 Lettcwellc, Thomas de, 383 Leyhourne, William de, 458 Leyburn, Roger le, 302 Leyburn, William de, 67 Limeres, M'illiam de, 261 Lincoln, Alured de, 396 Lincoln, Henry deLacy, Earl of, 4,55 Linde, T. de, 324 Lindsey, Montague Earl of, 10 Lindsey, Robert Earl of, 10, 11, 14 Lions, Richard, 54 Liston, John de, 302 Lizurc.s, Richard de, 91 Lolepeke, Simon, 601 London, ."Vdrian de, 431 London, Hawis de, 103* London, John de, 170, 431 Loudon, John Bishop of, 593 London, Maurice de, 87 London, William de, 382 Longchamp, Hugh de, 106 Longchamp, Sir Osbert de, 91 Longespee, William, 442 I Longford, Lonsford, Nicholas de, Page l?2 Longford, Sir Nicholas de, 132 Lorens, M'illiani, 3Q7 Lovaino, Joccline de, 432 Loveday, William, io-t Level, Henry, 124 Lovell, William, ;;;>{ Lury, Geoffrpy de, 408 Ludlow, Sir Tbomas, 69 LungeviU, Thomas de, 277 Lupns, Hiigli, Earl of Chester, 308. 380 Lydon, Howel de, 446 Lynde, John de la, 220 Lynde, M'alter de la, 220 Lyston, Geffrey de, 112* Lytelton, Hichard, 253 M. Macduff, Rarl of Fife, 61 Magnus III. K. of Norway, 39 Malbanr, William de Maldcbenge Baron of, 381 Malbcdenge, William de, 381 Malehovers, Williain de, 229 Malenteys, Robert, 177 Malharteis, Koger, 112* Malherb, Robert, 285 Malmaiiis, Humphrey de, 262 Malraayns, Nicholas de, 268 JIalore, Aiikctil, 217 Walory, Nicholas, 499 Malosse, John, 603 Mappertshale, Gilbert de, 194 March, Edmund Karl of, 27 Marche, Sir William, 451 Mare, Gunmore de la, 103* Mare, Henry dc la, 215 Mareschal, Richard de, 156 Mareschal, Thomas de, 156 Marisco, Walter de, 187 Marlborough, John Duke of, 323 Manuion, faui. of, 166 Mavmion, Philip, 63. 212 Marmion, Robert de, 67, 68 Marshall, Gilbert, Earl of Strigyll, 27 Marshall, John, 26. 226 Marshall, John Ic, 98* Marshall, Peter the, 140 Marshall, Robert the, 143 Marshall, William, 26 MartcU, Felicia, 167 Martell, William, 167 Martinwas, Martin de, 252 Kisey, Hanuoon de, 381 Massey, Hamon de, Page 4 II Mauley, Peter de, 102 MaunscI, Robert, 142 Mauntel, Walter, 20 1 May, Sir Tlioma<, 522 Maynard, Williaui, 494 Mcaulintc William le, ,107 Mcuyll, Nicholas de, .397 Meose, Thomas de, 130 Mercer, John, 589 Merks, John dc, 275 Mcscliinrs, Hanulph or Rundal dc, Earl of Chester, 251.441 Mcschiucs, William dc, 167 IMclham, John dc, 188 Mctham, Sir Thomas, 580 Michelnrovc, Henry, 275 Michcll, John, 258 Michcll, William, 258 Midrigg. Thomas de, 358 Minnebode, Peter, 603 Moigne, Henry le, 66 Moignc, Sir Henry, 104* Moigne, John Ic, 104' Moigne, Ralph le, 65, 66. 196 Moigne, Theobald le, 341 Moignc, William le, 66 Molescy, Walter de, 93 Molyas, John, 263 Molyns, Sir John, 410 Monbouchcr, Bertram, 4.')8, 439 Monemouth, Hcni-y de, 223 Monhault, Robert dc, Earl of .Xrnn- dell, 228 Monmouth, Walter de, 207 Montacute, John. Earl of Salisbury, 29 Montacute, William, 116 Montacute, William dc, Earl of Salis- bury, 27. 40 Montagu, William dc, 103* Monte, Humphrey de, 262 Monteacutc, William de, 225 Monte .\lto, Isabella de, 407-^ Montealto (Monhault) Roger de, 333 Monthault, Robert Baron dc, :!81 Mora, Nicholas de, 332 More, Gnunore de la, 207 More, Roger de la, 106*, 107* Moretein, William,' 68 Mortcsliirc, Nicholas de, 98* Jlorlinier, Edmund, Earl of March, 27 Mortimer, Robert de, 166 Morton, John Edward de, 164 Morton, Richard dc, 16J. Morvillc, John, 174 ' ' I Mourcl, William dc, Page 4 !6 Mountford, Simon, 5.37 Mountfort, Siuion dc, Earl of Leiccs. tcr, 3 Mowbray, John, Duke of Norfolk, 29 Mowbray, Lady Isabel, 31 Mowbray, Thomas Loril, 29 Mowbray, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, 30 Moync, William le, 183, 181 Moynue, M'illiani le, 195 Moysc, John, ).;6, 437 Muchgrave, Cecilia, 2')7 Mulctorp, William dc, 217 Munday, Thomas, 60 Mundevill, Peter de, £55 Mundcvill, Robert de, 445 Murray, James bth Earl of, 6l--' Musard, John, 124 Musaril, Ralph, 43.^ Muschamp, Francis, 448 Musgravc, Joan de, 97* Musgrave, Thomas de, 97* Mytton, John, 253 N. Napper, Mangerus Ic, 199 Nevill, Hugh de, 56 Nevill, Sir John, 164 Nevill, Ralph, Lord of Raby, 404 Nevill, Thomas dc, 158 Neville, Sir Henry, 576 Neville, Ralph, Earl of Westmorland, 29 Neville, Thomas, Lord Furnival, 45 Nevyll, Sir Ralph nge, Margaret, 331 O. Oakes, Adam do, 312 Okebeare, Richard de, 2?7 Okcbearc, Roger de, 2:^7 Okcnham, Geoffrey de, 501. 503 Okes, Philip de, 339 Okes, William de, 339 Orlyencs, Margaret de, 309 Orljenes, Robert de, 369 Oseworth Dionisia de, 367 Othe Orchard, John, 360 Oxencroft, William de, 221 Oxenhafe, Nicholas de, 350 Oxford, Aiibery de Vere Earl of, 8 Oxford, Edward de Vere Earl of, 14 Oxford, Hugh de Vcrc Earl of, 16 Oxford, John de Vere Earl of, 14 Oxford, Robert de Vere Earl of, 8. 15 P. Page, William, 455 Painell, Sir William, 606 Pantulf, Hugo, 256 Papilon, Roger, 193 Papylon, William, 193 Parker, John le, 245 Parker, William le, 623 Parsley, William, 523 Pasturcl, William, 409 Pater-Noster, Alice, 282 Pater-Noster, John, 282 Pater-Noster, Richard, 28S Paynal^, William, 409 Paysover, Fulk de, 338 Pcckam, John, v66 Pelawe, Richard, 440 Pelytot, Philip, 451 Pembroke, Earldom of, 43 Pembroke, Adomar de Valence Earl of, 32i Pembroke, GUiert de Clare Earl of, 26. 429 Pembroke, John Hastings Earl of, 43 Pembroke, Ricliard Earl of, 26 Pcncester, Stephen de, 290 Pencoit, John de, 87 Penelesdon, (Pulesdon) Richard de, 474 Perry, Henry, Earl of NorJhumber- land, 21. 4U Perry, Henry de, Page 28, 432 Percy, Ralph de, 557 Percy, AVilliam, 645 Perpoint, Sir Henry de, 447, 418 Pcrton, John de, 175 Peter .son of Alulph, 403 Peter the .son of Oger, 87 Petrus fil. Ogcri, 85 j Pettour, Baldwin le, 79 Pevercl, Thomas de, 120 Pevcrell, Hugh, 103 Pexsall, Ralph, 254 Pexsall, Richard, 251 Peytevyn, Bartholomew, 190 Philippa, Q. of Kdw. III. 533 Picot, John, 47 Picof, Peter, 47, 48 Picot, Ralph, ^66 Pincerna, Nicholas de, 490 Pinccrna, Daniel, 208 Pitchford, Ralph de, SI.". Plantagenet, Eleanor, 157 Plantagcaet, Richard, Duke of York, 21 Plantagenet, William, Earl of Warren 310 ' Playford, John, 552; Plesset, John de, 168 Plessetis, Richard de, 246 Plessets, AVilliam de, 314 PIcssitis, or Plessy, John de, 336. Plompton, Walter de, 318 Plott, Dr. Robert, 450 Plumpton, .Sir Robert, 312 Pogeys, Imbtrt, 152 Pole, William de la. Marquis of Suf, folk, 39 Pollard, Diony.sia, 347 Pollard, John, 347 I'omeray, Henry de la, 463 Porter, Robert le, 304 Postel, Ralph, 299 Power, John, 356 Preston, Gilbert de, 426 Prcstwich, Adam di, 336 Prior, Agnes, 223 Prior, (leoflry, 223 Pndsey, Hugh, Bp. of Durham, 350 Puille, Thomas de la, 209. 212 Pnkerel^ston, Custanee de, 179 Pulteney, Thomas, 337 Pnncharil, Simon, 178 Pusey, Charles, 320 Putton, John de, 259 Putton, William de, nSf) Pychar Reymes, William de, 44y .Reynos, William de, 835 Reynolds, John, SSS Riall, Juliana, 379 Riall, William, 379 Ribotf, Walter de, 294 ' Richard Prepositns, 30^ Riee, .Sir Edward, 566 Riehard II. K. 637 Richo, Sir Richard, Lord Riche, S^S Riddell, William, 349 Right, Robert, 602 Rivers, fam. of, 458 Rivers, Riehard Midville Earl, 2? Robert son of Walthesh, 444. ' Roches, John de, 72, 73. Roches, John le, 168 Rockesley, Sir Richard, 233 Rockingham, Charles Marquis of, 4S Roderick Prince of all Wales, 638 Rokele, Sir Richard de la, 396 Roopcr, Thomas, 193 Rons, Philippa Lady, 202 Konre, John, 105* RoHcc, William, 105» Ronghead, Nicholas, 334 Ronghhfved, Nicholas, 3rv> Rutheband, Thomas de, 493 Riiggelei, Simon de,. 78 Rns, Alice le, 319 Rns, M'alter le, sip Rushout,Sii- John, 583 Rnssef, INDEX. xv Russel, William, Page 185 Russel, Sir William, 98* Rutsell, John, 383 8. Sakcville, Andrew de, 339 Sakcville, Joan de, 339 Sale, Robert de la, 130 Salisbury, Ela Countess of, 4-l'2 Salisbury, William deMoDtacutc Earl of, S7, to Samuel, Steplicn, 521 Sandes, Sir William, 334 Sandford, Jobn de, 43 Sandford, Richard de, 313 Sandiacre, Richard de, 980 Sannagc, Roger de, 276 Sarcere, Rowland le, 79 Saville, Sir Henry, 580 Saville, John, 580 Saundford, Lora de, 75 Sanvage, Robert le, 218 Say, Theodoric, 166 Say, William, 335 Seaccario, Lanr. de, 219 Scales, Ralph, 453 Sciredun, David de, 151 Scott, Reverend Mr. 565 Scrope, Richard, 383, 381 Scrope, Sir William, 41 Scrope, Williiro Lord, 40 Segrave, Nicholas de, 26 Segrave, Sir Stephen de, 233 Seretaand, Matilda de, 460 Seymonr, Edward, Duke of Somerset, 32 Shakeshank?, John, 523 Shirlawe, Walter, Bishop of Durham T, Skirlawe, Shouldham, John, 401 Shrewsbury, Talbots Earls of, 45 Shrewsbury, George Earl of, 32, 46 Shrewsbury, Robert de Belcsme Earl of, 3J3 Silvaticns, Edric, 441 Singleton, Thomas de, 219 Skerrington, John de, 219 Skinner, Richard, 602 Skirlawe, Walter, Bishop of Durham, 284, 344, 347, 375, 377, 378, 379, 404, 438 Skirnyngham, Robert de, 451 Skrymsher, Sir Charles, 622 Skynner, Sir John, 15 Sloley, Richard, 146 Smith, Erasmus, 57 Snaggs, Sir TUomas, 47 Solera, William, Page 460 Somerset, Kdinnnd Uiike of, 21 Somerset, Edward Duke of, 32 Somerset, John Beaufort Earl of, 42, 55 Somerset, Edward, Earl of Worcester, 32 Somerset, John, 323 Somcrvilc, Sir Philip de, 387, 389 Somcry, Roger de, 426, 427, 4J;8 Sottcbroc, Hugh de, 301 Spelman, Thomas, 95 Spcrsholt, William de, 906 Spigurnell, Geoffrey de, 516 Spileman, Peter, 127, 180 Stafford, Edmund Earl of, 21, 102, 157, 187 Stafford, Henry, Duke of Bucking- ham, 22 Stafford, Humphrey, Duke of Buck- ingham, 2t Stanfforde, Simon de, 295 Stanford, Oliver de, 220 Stanhope, Charles, 311 Stanhope, Edward, &V3 Stanley, John, 623 Stanley, Sir John, 41 Stanley, Richard George, Earl of Derby, 12 Stanry, William de, 260 Stawie, Roger, 461 Stockport, N. Baron of, 381 Stodham, Laurence de, 160 Stokes, John, 450 Stokes, Thomas, 450 Stopham, Eve de, 177 Stopham, Ralph de, 125, 170, 177 Stornell, William, 340 Stowell, Sir Jolm, 594 Strange, Baroness, of Knockyn, 41 Strcdiey, Hugh de, 277 Strcdley, Philip de, 277 Strongbon, Richard, 26 Sturnicy, Henry, 246 Suger, Abbe, 153 Sumcrsham, Alc\ander de, 90 Surrey, Henry Earl of, 32 Surrey, Thomas Earl of, 30, 31 Sutton, Griffin le, 334 Sutton, Hamo, 341 Sutton, John, 462 Sutton, Osbart de, 303 Sutton, Robert, 30;.', 341 Sutton, Robert de, 302 Sutton, AVilliam de, 473 Swaffham, John, 601, 603 SwindcrtOD, JoauCj 205 Swynerton, Hunifrey, Page 253 Swynortou, Thomas, 253 Sylvestrif, Alan, 441 Synager, Edmund, 113, 114 Tadejhale, Robert de, 564 Talbot, George, Earl of Shrewsbury, 32, 46 Tatcshale, Robert do, a73 Tawke, Thonia«, 165 Tawke, William, 165 Taverner, Elizabeth, 172 Taverner, John, 172 Tesedalc, Hugh de, 363 Tfsedalc, Thomas, 352, 353 Ttstard, Richard, 98* Tcstard, Robert, 208, 209 Tezelin, the rook, 53 Thadeham, William de, 193 Thelwcll, Daniel, 407 Tlicrel, Thomas, 119 Thcrklevile, Robert de, 285 Thompson, Riihard, 539 Thornhull, John, 403 Thwaytes, Joan, 227 Tlnvaytcs, John, 227 Tils, John, 521 Tiptoft, John, Earl of Worcester, 22 Toany, Ralph de, 91 Tonbridge, Richard de, 324 TonI, Ralph de, 495 Torell, William, 199 Tonr, Alicia de la, 168 Tour, William de la, 163 Tracy, Henry de, 178 Trafford, Sir Edward, 461 Treveilly, John de, 82 Trevelle, William, 287 Trcvilly, John de, 85 Trunipeton, Robert de, 140, 160 Turkilby, Sir Roger de, 426 Turner, Ralph, 593 Turnliani, Stephen do, 212 Twikill [qu. Turkil?] the Dane, 577 V. Valence,. Adomar de, Earl of Pim- broke, 325 Valence, William de, 134 Valencia, Agnes de, 341 Valctor, Roger de, 4i2 Valletort, John de, 64 Venables, Gilbctt, Baton cf Kin- derton; 581 4 V VenaWc*. INDEX. Veiiahles, Thomas, Page 510, 511 Vere, Aiibery de, 10 Vere, Aubery de, Earl of Oxford, 8 Vere, Edward de, Earl of Oxford, 14 Vere, Hugh de. Earl of Oxford, 16 Vere, John de. Earl of Oxford, 14 Vere, Robert de. Earl of Oxford, 8, 15, 44 Vernon, Richard de, 99* Vernon, Richard, Baron of Sip- brooke, SSI Vestyndcn, Raufe, 69 U, Ulcets, P. de, 226 Ulph, the son of Thorold, 397 Unframvill, Thomas, 361 Umfravil, Robert de, 241 Underwood, Adam, 4b4i Unz, John le, 74 W. Wade, Andrew, 582 Wade, Henry, 121 Wade, Henry de la, 180 Wafre, John le, 301 Wake, Hugh, 184 Wakelyn, Robert, 158 Wakering, Sir Gilbert, 450 Walcot, William, 50 Waleton, Richard de, 218 Walkiugh'am, John de, 167 Walkingbam, Thomas de, 167 Wallens, Robert, 224 Walton, Simon de, 426 Wanstede, John, lOl" Wanstede, Roger de, 123 Warbleton, John de, 79 Warde, John, 375 Wardsworth, Thomas, 437 iVarren, John Earl, 309, 431, 441 Warren, William 1st Earl, Page 309 Warren, AVilliam 2d Earl, 310 Warren, William Earl, 415 Warvyick, Ela Countess of, 74, 336 Warwick, Ambrose Earl of, 66 Warwick, Guy de Bcauchamp Earl of, 224, 225 Warwick, Thomas Bcauchamp Earl of, 42, 101* Warwick, William Earl of, 413, 464 Waymer, Ralph de, 340 Wayuwright, John, 443 \Vedoii, Richard de, 204 Welis, Cecilia, 332 Wellcsk, Thomas de, 227 Wells, Richard de, 195 Wcllum, Adam de, 433 Wena, Robert de, 129 Wenoyc, John de, 102* Wessyngton, Sir William, 371 Westmorland, Ralph Earl of, 29 West Morton, Stephen de, 348 Wetheu, Robert de, 192 Weylaund, Thomas de, 436, 437 Wheeler, Mary, 523 Wheeler, Thomas, 523 Whelgeton, Margaret de, 203 Whclgeton, Richard de, 203 Whitwortli, Alexander de, 493 Widville, Richard, Earl Rivers, 22 Wiggeber, Richard de, 110* Wileghby, John de, 343 Wilkinson, James, 450 Willaston, William, 450 Willonghby, Edmund, 145 Willougliby, Peregrine Lord, 14 Wilminton, Robert de, 462 Wilson, ,581 Wilson, Adam, 581 Wilson, John, 432, 564, 581 Wiltshire, Joliu, 48 Winchard, Thomas, Page 281 Winchester, Marquis of, 588 Windesor, John de, 216 Winterslinll, John de, 214, 215 Wintershull, William de, 184 Wodchouse, Sir Robert do, 58 Wodesende, John de, 361 Wokyndon, Sir Nicholas de, 396 Woodstock, Thomas of, Duke of Gloucester, 18, 19, 20, 157 Woodward, John, 407 Worcester, Edward Earl of, 32 Worcester, John Tiptoft Earl of, 22 Worthy, Geoffrey de la, 463 Wotton, Jordan de, 207 Wovernian, Philip, 618 Wrenoc son of Meuric, 318 Wright, Richard, 520, 521 Wright, William, 193 Wrotham, Richard, 461 Wulf hunte, Alan de, 258 Wnlfhunte, M' alter de, 253 Widfwin, 16 Wybergh, Elianore, 459 Wybergh, William, 459 Wyborgh, Thomas, 459 Wyle, Bertram le, 149 Wymundeham, Thomas de, 4j9 Wyndham, Francis, 384 Wynncsbury, William, 253 Wyntworth, William, 383 Wytham, Thomas, 406, 407 York, Richard Duke of, 31, 30 Zouch, Roger la, 414 Zouche, Alan la, 4Ci index; INDEX Ot THE OBSOLETE AND DIFFICULT WORDS AND PHRASES, CUSTOMS, &c. Acton or Akpton, Page 161, 175 AeriiP Anstiircoriun, 265 Aflforciamnitum Curia?, 163 AffriorAffra!, 178 Aketon, 161, 175 Alanararius, 238 Alauiiaiiiis, 238 Alepiman. 500 Altaragiiim, Alteragc, 593, 627 Animobragiiim, 474 AmoabjT, 573 Angiilum Bniers, 250 Arbalist, 153 Arceoiium imiim par, 119 Armour worn liy feiualps, 103*, lO-l* Armour, Horse, explained, 104, 105 Armonr of Leather, 128 Armour, Plate, account of the parts Ot; 100, 107, 108, 127, 128, 161, 248 Arms, offensive, of a horseman, 104 Arms, Petit Serjeanties by finding, 145 Arqnebuze, 126 Arura, 497 Assacb, 596 Assarts, 371 Astringer, 386 Astiirco, 316 Attawiatos, 511 Avage, or Avisage, 565 Avakresilver, 364 Avant bras, 100 Auca habilis pro prandio, 412 Avense summa, 137 Avenar' vocal' Statharion, 367 Averakresilver, 364 Averselver, 453 Auriini Rtgina>, Page 315 Auxilium Commune, 358, 379 Auxilium Vice-Comitum, 460 B. Uacinet, 123, 124, 162 Batista, 153 Balistar, 93, 159 lialistarius, 113 Banners, 88, 89 Barde, 105 Bardolf, 54 Barons of the Cinqne Ports, 35 Basnctns, 123 Batelhis, 505 Batinus, 519 Barnard's Castle, 423, 424 Bedellery, 220 Bedellus, 225, 469, 504 Bcderip, 415 Bedford, Barony of, 45 Bedgeld, 623 Bcdrcpe, 323 Begavcl, 601 Bcl-tein, Scotch, 628 Berbiagium, 467, 469 Bercelctt, 393 Bcrselctes, 430 Besant, 339, 372 Besca, 485 Betlnigavel, 604 J Bcvcrclies, 405 Bidrepe, 478 Bill, a weapon, 138 Biresilver, 375 Bishops of Durham and Bath and AVells, claim of the, at the Corona- tion of James 11^36 Bissa, 262 Blodwite, Page 607 Bio we a mortc, 532 Blowc a recheate, 532 Blowe a seeke, 532 Kondland, 573, 636 Bondman, or Villan, 466 Boon-Days, 466 Booting-Corn, 585 Borda, 401 Borough-English, 416 Boscum foriusecum, 245 Boso, 179 Botilarium, 186 Bovata tcrrae, 145, 303 Bracci, 125 Bracelet tus deymerettus, 232 Braccnarius, 238 Erach, 232 Bracheta, 231 Brachetta, 233, 234 Brachcttum, 255, 383 Bracina, 425 Brank, the, 613 Brasium Ordei vocat' Statmalt, 367 Brassarts, loO, 101 Brochctta, 135 Brochettum, or Brochett, 135, 142 Brochia, a Brocb, 110, 134, 139, 141, 158 Broo-ankelers, 531 Brooches, 111 Brueria, 504 Bucinus, 116 Bucler, 417 Bugle Horn, 442 Burdsilver, 375 Burgage, Burgagiuiu, 335, 361, 403 Busca, 208 Busselli, 373 4 Y 2 Butyri Butyri Riisca, Page 192, 201 Biizo, 126, 177 Byscott, 600 C. Cabagcd, 531 Caballns, 517 Cablicium, 250 Caclicpolli Serjantia, SIT Calcet, Calcetuin, 381 Calthrop, 123 Camisia, 125 Campana, 251 Canes impediati, 504 Canes lepofarii, 235 Canes lesi, 235 Canes luparii, 258 Canes luporaiii, 236 Canis liverius, 236 Capa de Grisauco, 82 Capellum ferreum, 426 Capistrum, 303 Capistrum cum Canabo, 143 Capones aibi, voi Carnifex, 137 Carruca, 512 Carucatc of laild, 52 Case! leca, 371 Castle Guard, 95, 325 Catapulta, 145 Catchland, 566 Ccllorer, 411, 478 Censure, 574 Cerage, 627 Ceiap libra, 399 Cert Money, 573 Chaces, Petit Scrjeantics by keeping, 230 Chamberlain, Lord Great, 6 Cbanibcrlangeria, 186 Champion, office of, 67, 68, 70 71 Cliapones alhi, 193 Cheshire, Barons of, 330 Clievage, 500 Childwit, 573 Chipping-gavel, 604 Chnrclies, strewing of, 576 Cliyminagium, 250 Cinque Ports, Barons of the, 35 Cirotecae albae, 352 Clam Gariophili, 439 «;lau5tra, 235 L'kivenor, 563 ClctiP, 487 Clove Wine, 190 Clnario domini Regis, (de), 294 Colours of the foot soldiers, 94 INDEX. Commune Auxilium, Page 338, 379 Companage, Companagium, 472, 479 Conipunctuni, 426 Constable, Lord High, 17 Coopertiones de Maeremio, 250 Coquina, 360 Cornage, service of, 96, 447 Cornish arre of land, 129 Corrodium, 270, 485 Cotcswold Games, 578, 579 Crinicre, or Manefaire, 105 Cross-bow, 153, 154, 155 Croupiers, 105 Crown worn by Henry V. and Richard IIL in battle, 90 Cuirass, 101, 128 Culet, 100 Cuna, 192, 286 Cuneum Monetae, 187 Curtilagium, 107*, 362 Cutware, 357 D. Decern, and Ask«, derivation of, 313 Decenarius, Uecennarius, 469, 504 Deemsters, 594 Dicker, 314 Dieta, 218 Diligrout, 50, 51, 53 Dispensarium, 186 Dispcnsator, 100* Disport, King of, 641 Divisa?, 372 Diurnuni, 371 Doleuni, 353 Doniesman, 518 Drengage, 351 Drcyinghe, 294r Dringage, 459 Drinklean, 579 Drof-land, 608 Ducking-stool, 613 Dunmow bacon, 519, 520 Earl, Premier, of England, 37 Earl Marshal of England, 25 Ecclesiastical Lords, lands held of, liy services of the nature of Grand and Petit Scijeanty, 393 Ensigns, 88 Equitatura Regis, 270 Equus coopertns, 103, 158 Equns discoopertus, 106, 164 Erodii unius Scrvitium, 270 Escapiis Animalinm (dc) Page 249 Eschanderia, 183 Escuage, 313, 462 Espicurnantiae Serjantia, 220 Esquire, daily pay of an, 102 Esteia, 474 Estricium, 267 Eton College, custom of the Ram at, 495 Eveiiyngs, 498 Eiichequer Office, 107* F. Facere legem, 504 Falcationis Servitinm, 519 Falcatnra, 497 Falco Nisus, 276 Faldfey, 48S Falx, 138 Farley, 628 FascicuUis Manipulorum, 6Si Fastyngonge Tuesday, 641 Fawnyson-tyme, 3.10 Ferdell, Fardingdeal, or Ferundell, 216 Feretrum Sancti Cuthberti, 284 Ferlingus, or FerlingataTcrrae, 216 Fire HarfJi, 627 Finna Noctis, 292 Flaccnm tine Capite, 112 Flagollum, 483 Flags, 88 Fiaucfiis, 105 Flaskcta, Flasketta, 208, 316 iFlCita;, 151 Foder, 411 Folkmote, 17, 18 Fomiagiuni, 337 Footmen for the wars, Serjeanty by finding, 113 Forests, Petit Serjeanties by keeping, 2.;o J'oyncson, Tempos de, 249 Frampole Fences, 597 Free bench, 481 Fucillum, 156 Fugave H'anUissum ad stabuluni, 504 Fusillum, 172 G. (ianibeson, 162 Ganibesone, 107, 108 Gauncts, 182 Ganta', Geese, 18? Garba, 498 Garciones, INDEX. XIX Garciones, Page 126, 265, 266 Carde des Reins, 101 Gardcbraclie, 157 Garinaiiientnm, 360 Gavelet, 597 Gavelkind, 597, 609, 610 Geldable, 313 Gersuma, ;>:6 Gersuma Kegina*, S15 Coging-stoolc, 509 Gorget, 100 Goshawk, 265 Graddan'd Corn, 615 Grangia, 359 Greaves, 100 Green-silver, 600 Greeae, 392 Grey Fur, 189 Gris, 431 Grisanco, Capa de, 82 Griseo, Pellicia de, ®00 Groviers, 571 Groundstall, sii GrunaVini, 191 Gwaber Merched, 566 H. Hachet Denesh, 95 Halecret, or Halceret, 101 Hallewinien, S8ti, 478 Hambergelliis, 127, 128, 162, X75, 180 Handfisting, 611, 612 Hare-pies, provision of, 6^26 Hasta Porci, 97* Haubergeon, 127, 128 Hauberk, 107, 119 Hawk-silver, 385 Hawks, Petit Serjcanties performed by keeping and delivering to the King, S63 Hay, 242, 393 Haya, 430, 487 Heimaris, 483 Hercianduin (ad) 4"2 Hercfochii, 17 Heron, 271 Herring Pics, 197, 198 HesthsE, 191 Hcya, 259 Hcymectis, 249 Hida terra-, 52, 143, 144, 341 Hilton, Jack of, 449 Hobelers, 102* Hoke-day, 469, 580 ■Holy Thursday, custom «n, at Ripon, Homage, Page 453 Horn with Horn, 605 Horns preserved at Carlisle, 321, Sjg Horse, Master of the, 38 Horse-armour, 104, 105 Horseman, offensive arms of a, 104 Horsemen, Petit Serjeanly liy finding, 99 Horsemen, Petit Serjeanties by find- ing, for the wars, 138 Hostiarius, 176 Hostilarius, 199 Hostillaria, 402 Huscarles, 291 Husewia, 351 I. J. Jack, 162 Jack of Hilton, 449 Ine.vardi, 517 Irish Gavelkind, 610 Judgcr of a Town, 229, 863 K. Keelage, 505 Kcrnella Castri, 289 Killagium, 505 King of Disport, or Christmas, 641 King's Household, Petit Serjcanties performed in the, 180 King's Whores, Laundresses, &c. Petit Serjcanties performed by keeping and taking care of the, 208 Knife, used for Dagger, 163 Knight, daily pay of a, 102 L. Lady of the Lamb, 508 Lagciisp, 360 Lamb, Lady of the, 508 Lanipas ardcns, 400 Lana Rcgina-, 298 Lancaster, Duchy of, 41 Lancaster Sword, 40 Lancclap, 485 Lancetagium, 491 Lanceti, 491 Landcheap, 566 Lands held by Villenage Tenure, 464 Lands held of the Crown by various Tenures, 308 Lands held of subjects by services of the nature of Grand and Petit Ser- jeanty, \:c. 343 Lands held of temporal Lords by ser- vices of the nature of Grand or Petit Serjcanty, &e. 412 Landmal, Landmale, Page 361, 40S Lap and Lace, 60S Larcin, 425 Lardarium, 589 Lardenarius, 104*, 109* Lardiner, 194, 393 Larding Money, 589 Latimer or Latiner, 319 Latuucr, 331. Lawless Court, 506, 506, 507 Lawless Hour, 574 Laws, Petit-Serjeanties relating to the execution of the, 215 LccaCasci, 371 Lcccator, 527 Leporarii, 237, 239, tsT, 861, 865, 266 Leste, 372 Levacio fceni, 365 Libera, 498 Libra pensa, 337 Libra; arsa; ct pensats, S3T Libra: blancze, 316 Lihrata terra;, 81, IRQ Lierwyte, or Lairwite, 482, 628 Limit. Foeni, 378 Lincoln, Earldom of, 55 Literaturam (ponere ad), 498 Literitium, 194 London, Lord Mayor and Citizens of, 58 Lorica, 105% 165, 248 Lotherwits, or Lyerwits, 628 Lotriccs, 209, 210 Luaghadh, 613 M. Magna Precaria, 470, 583 Mail, derivation of, 128 Mala, 128 Manipulomm Fasciculus, 634 Manors, Customs of, 501 Manport, or Main-port, 627 Manual labour, Petit Serjcanties by, 293 Marshal, Earl, 25 Marshalsea, 25 Martin, St. in the Fields, claim of the Vicar and Churchwardens of, at the Coron. of K- James IL 34 Master of tlie Houe, 38 Masur*, 517 Maupigyrnon, 50, 51, 53 Meusis Vctitus, 249 Merchct, 479, 494 Mcicheta, 48:3, 484 Mertbeta Mulierunij 480 Meretricesj INDEX. at Meietiices, Page 80, 209, 210, 211. 214 jVIeuta, 234 Meiita Cauiculornm Hariectoruni a34 Jleuta Dynectorum Canum, 234 Mew, 267 MeyEE, 474 Miche, 478 Midsummer Eve, Custom on Ripon, 561 Military Music, 116 Minstrels, or Pipers, 623 Minstrels of Tutbury. 528, 532, 536: 544 Mises, 515 Moflius Vini, 203 Molas attraliere, 466 Morte, 532 Mota, or Mnta, 256 MiiesVini, 189 Mulliones, 498 Mullones Foeni, 474 Murilegi, ','49, 900 Bluta, 234 MutaVini, 190 Naif, Nativa, 479 Namea, 354 Napariiis, 205 Napery, 199 Nativus de stipite, 467 Nee filios coronare, 465 Ncghesith, or Nigondsith, 598 Nisiis, 276 Nocata Terra-, 503 O. Oath taken by those who claim the Bacon at D«nmow, 522 Oba, 360 Ora, or Ore, 264, 338, 433 Osterer, 385. Ostiariiis, 213 Ostiircus, 264, 266, 278 Overland, 636 Oiightrape, 375 Ouzell, Oiiziell, 141 Oxford, Mayor and Burgesses of, 60 P. Palatines, Ecclesiastical, Lands held of, 343 Palatines, Temporal, Lands lield of, 330 Panes, Page 360 Panes Garcionuni, 616 Pannetariiis, 135 Pantler, 185 Par Serotecarum, 356 Parcenarii, 353 Farcum ad Averia, 222 Parks, Petit Serjeanties by keeping, 230 I'aunagc, or Pannage, 250 Pecunia, 518 Pelf, Pelfre, 511 Pelliceum de Griseo, 188, 200 Pencils, 83 Pcnhebogydd, or Master of the Hawks in Wales, 274 Pcnicillum, 131 Perpunctuni, 179 Peter Pence, 627, 628 Petit Serjeanty, 98 Pharetra deTutcsbit, 147 Pilche, 188, 189 Plastron, 108 Plough Light, 621 Plow-land, 52 Plugh Silver, 376 Poitrinal, 103 Pole-Ax, 146 Porri, 360 Port-Greve, or Port-Reeve, 590 Pouldrons, 101 Pound, or Pund Lands, SI Pra'benda, Provender, 516 Praibeudarii, 315 Pnepositus, 226, 469, 499 Precaria Magna, 470, 583 Precaria", 466 Precarise Carncae, 472 Preue, 164 Pridgavel, 415 Pryk, or Prick, a spur, 132, 133 Putura, 237, 341 Q. Quadragesiniale, 474 Quarrel, 159 Quartron of Land, 490 Quccn-Gold, 296, 315 Quern, Singing at the, 614 Quintain. Running at the, 616 R. Recheate, 532 Red Horj^ Vale of, 446 Regardum; 249 Rcginse Gersnnja, 315 Rclevium, Page 86 Religious Services, Petit Serjeatities by, 281 Retropannagia, 250 Rod-Gavel, 572 Rome-Scot, 317 Rump-pence, 621 Runcinus, 159 Rusca Butyri, 192, 201 Rushes, strewing of, in Churches, 181 Rutyng-tyme, 380 Sabnlonarium, 250 Sac, 291 Saccum de Canabe, 141 Saddle-Silver, 631 Sagittae flectatae, 147 Sagitta; pilcttte, 430 Saltatorii, 429 Sand Gavel, 593 Sanguinem suum emere, 'Wo, 500 Sareulatura, 497 Scauna, 222 Scolds, punishment of, 645 Scot-Ale, 508, 509 Selions, 365 Semen yemale et quadragesimale, 47t Sengil, 531 Sequela Villanorum, 459 Serjantia Cachepolli, 217 Scrjantia Espicurnantiae, 220 Serjeants at Arms, 114 Serjeanty, Grand, definition of, l Serjeanty, Petit, 98 Servicium forinsecum, 285, 442 Scrvicns, 118, 119 Servitium Falcationis, 519 Sextariuni, Sextary, 208, 314, 338 Sextarium Vini, 190 Seym, 52, 53 Shack, 599 Sheriff Tooth, 611 Shilling Lands, 81 Ships, Boats, iS;c. Petit Serjeanties relating to the providing of, 287 Shortford, 570 Sindal, 435 Skinillum, 160 Slips, 236 Smoke Silver, 317 Soc, 291 Socage, Soeaginm, 374, 454 Sogges Molcndini, 369 Soke, Sokeman, Sokcmanry, 425 Sowthfar, 375 Spear, INDEX. Spear, or Lance, Tagc 03 8pcrvarium Mutarium, 280 Spigiirnclli, 61S Spineum, ICO Stahiliamentum pro vcnatione, 517 Stabilitio in Sjlva, 517 Stagia, 357 Standards, 89 Statmalt, 367 Steward, Lord High, 2 Stockland, 573 Storcrs, 576 Straw nscd for the King's bed, 130 Strigib", 78 Strigulum, 157 Suinma Avcnae, 137, 411 Snnima Virgarnm, 487 Summarins, 264 Sumniouer, 230 Stir-coat, embroidered, worn by- Knights, 103 Surrey, Earldom of, 42 Sute-Si!ver, 47 r Swaif-Money, 514 Tak, or Tack, 486 Tallage, 494 Talliari de certo talliagio, 498 Tanist, 610 TanistryLaw, 590 Target, or Buckler, 417 Tassuni, (furcare ad), 489 Tempus Deiensionis vel Fonnagii,357 Tenipus Pinguidinis et Teuipus Fir- mationis, 393, 430 Tenella, or Tonella Cervisia-, 482 Terr. Husband, 370 Tessoncs, 249 Thanagium, 337 Thane, 61 Thistletac, 479, 578 T)ijnagiuni, 37 i Timber Waits, Page 586 TinewaUl Court, 594 Toddip Herba-, 519 Toillects, 478 Toll, 436 Tolscstcr, 479 Tonsure, the, 465 Tressclluni, 270 Tribuhim, l'J5 Trug.Corn, 599 Trumpet, origin of the, 117 Trusula, 133 Tutbury Minstrels, 528, 532, 536,544 Twcirtli-Uay, AVassailing on, 567 Twiggen-Uottle, 317 V. U. Valectum, 120 Valet, 120, 121 Vambasium, 162 Vambrace, Vambraces, 100, 107, 157 Vantbrace, 107 Varlet, 120 Vas, 354 Veal-Money, 5GS Veltrarius, 233 Venatio, 254, 357 Vert, 201 Vcwarc, 351 Vexillum Pedituni, 94 Villanorum Sequela, 459 Villenage Tenure, Lands held by, 464 Vinaria, 78 Virga; ferrea; ductiles, 315 VirgataTerrie, 130,304, 461, 497 Virones, 298 Visor, 101 Vivarium, 310 L'lphus'ii Horn, 397, 399 Wambais, 122, l?*) VVamclade, 375 Wardesilvcr, Page S68 Ward-penny, 312 Wardrobe, Clerk of the Great, 37 Wardrobe, the Master of the King's Great, 37 WardstafT, service of the, 326 Wardstafl; tlic Tale of the, 328 Warecta, 474 Warrocks, 148 Warshot, 627 Warth, 312, 340 Wart-penjs, 186 Warwick, Earldom of, 42 AVassailing, Custom of, 567 \\'aynag, M'annagia, 303 Wayte-fee, 95, 96, 98* Wedbedrip, 497 Wedhcnne, 359 Welsh, Customs of tlie, at Irchentield, as detailed in Domesday, 633 Welters, 233 Westminster, Claim of the Dean and Chap, of, at the Coron. of K. James n. 36 Westminster, Churchwardens of St. Margaret's, Claim of the, at the Coron. of K. James H. 33 Wliitale, 575 Whitsun-Ale, 573 Whittle, 435 Wilfric, St. Feast of, 561 WodeJiyre, 369 M'odesilver, 453 Wodhcii, 369 Womb, 107 Yard-land, 465 Yevernagium, 473 Yule, 578 Yule Clogs, 644 THE END, ru-r^ri^'^ 3 1 58 01217 3331 )' SOUTHfHIiREGIOMl UBRABVfAnitrTV I ll||W|ll»l|l"i|" ' D 000 724 877 6