A DIGEST P^,^— Current Orders \\NDyDECisioNS, EXTRACTS FROM\AR,MY RBQULATIONS, COMPILED TTKDER DIRECTIOX OF THE SURGEOX-GENERAL CHARLES R. GREENLEAF, MAJOR AND SURGEON, U, S. A. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1890. ^'OLOGV The material comprised in this Digest consists of Circulars, Circular Orders, and Circular Letters issued by the Surgeon- General of the Army, and of decisions rendered by the War and other departments upon subjects, heretofore unpublished, relating to the Medical Department of the Army ; all being current at the date of this publication. Material of a like character which has become obsolete or has been rescinded is omitted, the object being to furnish officers and others of the Medical Department with a working digest of exist- ing regulations. As a matter of convenience, paragraphs of Army Regulations, edition of 1889, relating directly to the Medical Department, have been added. General Orders and Decision Circulars of the War Department are omitted. Surgeon General's Office, Washington, D. C, Ma;/, 1890. (3) 218873 A DIOESX CURRENT ORDERS AND DECISIONS. ABANDONMENT OF HOSPITAL OR POST. See Coiisol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Hospital or Post.) ABBREVIATIONS. See Cousol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Preparation of.) ABSENCE OF POST SURGEON. See Official Papers. ABSENCE WITH LEAVE. Officers. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Results.) See, also, Furlough. ABSENT WITH LEAVE. See Hospital Matron. ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEON. Affidavit of, to an official document. Only commissioned officers can certify (to an official document). Contract surgeons must make affidavit. {Dec. P. M. G.) As Acting Medical Purveyor. The detail of Acting Assistant Surgeons for the position of Acting Medical Purveyor is considered improper, as the position should be filled by a commissioned officer. {Opin. S. G. Nov. 14, 1863.) Attendance of, upon Revenue Marine. See Medical Attendance. Dating of contract. Contracts with Acting Assistant Surgeons not to be dated until the Department is prepared to issue orders assigning them to duty. (S. G.—no dcUe.) Leaves of Absence. The Major General commanding the Army submits to the Secretary of War the request of an Acting Assistant Surgeon for leave of ab- sence, with the suggestion that Acting Assistant Surgeons might be placed upon the same footing as regular officers of the Medical Department in respect to leaves of absence, except that they shall receive no pay while absent. (Approved by S. of W. April 22, 1890.) Pay of. Not entitled to the 333^ per cent, of increase allowed certain officers by act of Congress approved March 2, 1867, and by recent decision of the Second Comptroller, being civilians serving under contract — having no rank whatever in the Army. {S. G. March 17, 1882.) Payment of. Acting Assistant Surgeons are paid by Pay Department from the date of contract. (P. 31. G. Jan. 21, 1889.) Precedence among. The period of continuous service should determine the precedence or seniority among Acting Assistant Surgeons, as the date of a com- mission does among commissioned officers of the same grade. (A. G.) Reimbursement of, for loss of infected personal property. Certain personal property, clothing, etc., belonging to an Acting Assistant Surgeon, became infected while he was in attendance upon a soldier who had small-pox, and was destroyed by fire to prevent contagion. Claim for reimbursement paid by the Disbursing Clerk of the War Depart- ment. (Letter A. G. May A, 1888.) (5) b ORDER AND DECISIONS, Retired Hospitai. Steward as. Hospital steward (retired) is not eligible to ap- pointment as Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., statute law prohibiting it. {S. G. Aug. 3, 1888.) Retired Officer as. Without reference to the legal question involved, the War Department would not consent to the employment of a retired officer as Acting Assistant Surgeon. (Dec. 8. of TF., 1887.) Simultaneous employment of, by Indian Bureau and War Department. In reply to inquiry whether a private physician under contract with the Indian Bureau for duty at an Indian agency, at a compensation of 81,000 per year, can, in the interests of economy, also be employed to perform the duties of a medical officer at an adjacent military post under a separate contract, — " His present service at the Indian agency under his contract is of a specific character, and he could not be required to i>erforra the duties of a medical officer at an adjacent military post in addition to his other duties. If the exigencies of the service at the Indian agency do not absorb all his time, there is no legal objection to his employment by the Medical Deiiartment of the Army under contract to perform dutj' at a military post convenient to the Indian agency; provided, of course — and of this the War Department and the Indian Office must be the best judges — that he can properly answer the demands at each post without impinging upon the service tliat ought to be rendered at the other. His compensation is not fixed by any law, or by any regulation, but by contract (Landrum v. United St ites, 10 Court of (-lairns Report.*, 7-1). Under Section 1765, Revised Statutes, he is not an 'oflicci-,' aiid the (|iu'stioii is ]»re- sented whether he comes within the designation of 'other i)(!r,son ' in that section. As his compensation at the Indian agency is fixed by contract, and not by either law or regulation, it is, therefore, competent to contract with him as a medical officer in addition to his present employment." {Second Cowp. June 30, 1888.) Status of. A Contract or Acting Assistant Surgeon is not a military officer and has no military rank or status. He is amenable, indeed, to the military jurisdic- tion when emplo3'ed in the Army in the field in time of war, but he is in fact no part of the military establishment, but is simply a civilian employed by the United States, under a special contract, for his personal services as a medical attendant to the troops— contract surgeons being thus employed because there are not enough medical officers of the Army to attend all the posts. When not serving with troops before the enemy he has no other relation to tlie military organization or tlie Government than that established by the terms of his contract. He is not subject to military orders in general, like an officer or soldier, but only to such orders or directions as properly i)ertain to the per- formance of his i)articu]ar duties. He is, of course, not liahh; to ])e detailed as a member of a nii]itai\v court. As a civilian, however, lie is entitled to the per diem allowance when attending a court-martial as a Avitnons. {Opinions of J. A. G. 1880.) An Acting Assistant Surgeon, known as a Contract Surgeon, is neither an officer nor an enlisted man in the military service, and therefore not within the benefits of the lost property act— March 3, 1885 (23 Stat., 350). {Second Comp. May 9, 1888 ) Stoppage of pay. The Government has no power to stop pay in favor of private creditors. (S. G. 1877,* also Second Comp.) Transportation of. Acting Assistant Surgeons upon annulment of contract must take advantajAc of transportation (mileage) imniediatelv, otlierwisc^ thev will not be entitled tliereto. ' {P. M. G., 1884.) ACTING HOSPITAL STEWARD. Date of arrival at post, how reported. When a private of the Hospital Corps is detailed as Acting Hospital Steward at a post where he is serving and is to remain on duty, what entry should be made under the head of Acting Hospital Steward in the column "Date of joining detachin(!nt at jiost?" The date of his arrival as privatf; of Hospital Corjis, /. e., the date when he joined the detachment of the Hospital Cor])s by i^ost orders. {Der. >S. G. 3Lnj 10, 1888.) Detail as, of a soldi i:u not a member of the HospriAL Corps, xnauthorized. See Hosjntal Corps. MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 7 Method of accounting for, on the Return of Hospital Corps. Acting Hos- pital Stewards should be accounted for on the Return of the Hospital Corps under the proper heading, and not under that of privates. Members of the Hospital CoT\->s are grouped upon the Return in accordance with the enacting clause of the act approved March 1, 1887, and this arrangement will be used in the preparation of all professional papers of the 3Iedical Department. {Dec. S. G. May 17, 1889.) Pay of, from what date entitled. Section 7 of the Act of March 1, 1887, organiz- ing the Hospital Corps of the Army and fixing its pay, provides *' That privates of the Hospital Corps may be detailed as Acting Hospital Stewards by the Secretary of War * * * whenever the necessities of the service require it ; and while so detailed their pay shall be twenty-five dollars per month." It is the opinion of this ofiice that the above act authorizes the payment of Acting Hospital Stewards from the date of their detail by the Secretarv of War. {Dec. Second Comp. Mar. 26, 1889.) By decision of Second Comptroller, March 26, 1889, Acting Hospital Stewards are held entitled to pay as such from date of detail by the Secretary of War. They are also entitled to pay as Acting Hospital Stewards until dulv relieved as such. ' {Dec. P. M. G. Jan. 24, 1890.) Re-examination of. An Acting Hospital Steward may be recommended for re- examination as often as a medical officer sees proper to do so, but no two exam- inations should approach each other in point of time nearer than one vear. {Dec. S. G. Jan. 4, 1890.) Regulations for the examination of. See Hospital Stewards and Acting Hos- pital Stewards. Renewal of detail after ke-enlistment not required. The detail of an Acting Hospital Steward remains in force without renewal as long as he remains continuously in service. {Dec. S. of W. May 21, 1888.) Side-arms for. Acting Hospital Stewards are privates holding a temporary posi- tion by detail from the War Department, consequently their equipment is not changed, except in such parts as are specifically indicated by Armv Regula- tions. {Letler S. G. Dec. 16, 1889.) ADMISSION. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept.; Civilian Employe ; Anny and Navy General Hospital ; Servants, Officers'. AFFIDAVIT OF ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEON TO AN OFFICIAL DOCU- MENT. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. AGE LIMIT. See Hospital Corps. AGE, RECORD OF. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Name, entry of.) AGGRAVATION, WILLFUL, OF DISABILITY. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Disability.) ALLOWANCE, CLOTHING. See Hospital Corps. (Clothing allowance.) AMBULANCE DRIVER. See Hospital Corps. (Definition of terms in.) ANATOMICAL LOCATION OF DISEASES OR INJURIES MUST BE STATED. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) APPARATUS. ELECTRIC. See Electric Apparatus. ARMS, SIDE. See Acting Hospital Steward ; see also Hospital Steward. ARMY AND NAVY GENERAL HOSPITAL. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Eusults.) AdMI>SI(iX uF military PRTSONErxS AND DlPSt OIAMACS TO, DISAPPROVED. A Com- pany coniiiiauder requested the admission of a soldier of his company to the Army and Xavy General Hospital, the soldier being a dipsomaniac and a gen- eral i»ri>onpr undergoing sentence of court-martial. As there are no means at this hospital for safely keeping either dipsomaniacs or military prisoners, the request for admission Avas disapproved. {S. G., 1889.) ORDERS AND DECISIONS, Admission of recruits to. The order of organization of the General Hospital at Hot Springs, Ark., does not exclude recruits from receiving the benefit of treatment thereat. {Letter S. G. Feb. 7, 1888.) Clothing allowance of privates of the Hospital Corps stationed at. See Hospital Corps. (Clothing allowance.) Officers on sick leave absent from hospital for more than seven days. "Applications by officers of the Army for admission to the Army and Navy Gen- eral Hospital at Hot Springs, Ark., are now so numerous that some care is nec- essary in acting upon them to avoid overcrowding the hospital ; hence, absences on the part of inmates for a longer period than seven days are undesirable. I recommend that when officers on sick leave, who are patients in hospital at their own request, are absent from the hospital more than seven days, their authority of admission be considered as cancelled, and that a renewal of authority for re- admission be required." {Dec. A. G. Approved by S. of W. April 5, 1890.) Regulations for admission to. By direction of the Secretary of War the follow- ing order of the President prescribing rules and regulations for the government of the Army and Navy Hospital at Hot Springs, Arkansas, is published for the information and guidance of all concerned : Executive Mansion, May 20, 1886. In accordance with the act of Congress entitled "An Act making appropria- tions for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and for other purposes," approved June 30, 1882, which provides for the erection of an Army and Navy Hospital at Hot Springs, Arkansas, and prescribes that the hospital, " when in a condition to receive patients, shall be subject to such rules, regulations, and restrictions as shall be provided by the President of the United States," the following rules and regulations are provided for the government of the said hospital : The Army and Navy Hospital at the Hot Springs of Arkansas shall be under the direction of the Secretary of War. This hospital shall be known and designated as the " Army and Navy General Hospital," and is intended to provide for officers and enlisted men of the mili- tary and naval services of the United States facilities for the treatment of certain classes of diseases for which the Hot Springs of Arkansas have acquired a wide reputation. Admission to this hospital for treatment shall be restricted (1) to officers and enlisted men of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps on the active list, and (2) to officers and enlisted men of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps'on the retired list. The organization of this hospital shall include one medical officer of the Army, who shall be the Surgeon in charge, and who shall be detailed by the Sec- retary of War ; such medical assistants from the Army or Navy as may be deemed necessary, detailed by the Secretary of War, or by the Secretary of the Navy ; one officer of the Quartermaster's Department of the Army, who shall also be Acting Commissary of Subsistence, if required, detailed by the Secretary of War ; one hospital steward, and such T;ivil employes as may be necessary for the proper service of the hospital, in accordance with the act of Congress appropri- ating money for the payment of such employes. The duties of the medical officers of this hospital shall be such as are pre- scribed by Army Regulations and General Orders relating to the Medical Depart- ment of the Army. The duties of the officer detailed from the Quartermaster's Department shall be such as usually pertain to that Department in accordance with the Army regulations and orders, as well as with such special orders and instructions as he may receive in connection with this particular duty. The civil employes of the hospital shall be selected by the surgeon in charge with a view to their fitness and capacity, and upon the approval of the Secre- tary of War. They shall be subject to such rules and regulations as may be approved for the internal government of the hospital, and if found unfitted for their positions, shall be discharged by the surgeon in charge, with the approval of the Secretary of War, Admission to this hospital for treatment, in the cases of officers and enlisted men of either the military or naval service, shall be regulated by such rules and MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 9 restrictions as may be prescribed by the proper authorities of the War and Navy Departments, Officers of either the military or naval service under treatment, when sub- sisted in this hospital, shall be subject to a charge for subsistence not to exceed $1.50 per day, to be paid to the surgeon in charge monthly, or upon discharge from the hospital. In case an officer dies in hospital, or from any cause fails to pay any balance due on account of subsistence, the Surgeon General of the Army shall certify the fact to the Paymaster General of the Army, in the case of an Army officer, or to the Surgeon General of the Navy, in the case of a Naval officer ; and it shall be the duty of the proper officer of the War or Navy Department to take such steps as will secure to the hospital payment of the amounts due. Enlisted men of either the military or naval service Avhile under treatment in this hospital shall have the usual allowance of rations commuted at the rate of not less than 30 cents per day, to be paid to the surgeon in charge of the hospital by the proper officers of the War or Navy Department, upon the receipt of monthly statements of the amounts due, certified to by the Surgeon General of the Army. The surgeon in charge of this hospital shall render to the Surgeon General of the Army a monthly statement of all moneys received and expended on account of officers and enlisted m«n. He shall also prepare and forward to the Surgeon General of the Army, on the last day of every month, a statement of all balances due the hospital on account of subsistence furnished officers and enlisted men of the Army and Navy. The Surgeon General of the Army shall certify monthly to the Surgeon Gen- eral of the Navy all balances due on account of subsistence furnished enlisted men of the Navy, and to the Commissary General of Subsistence of the Army all balances due on account of subsistence furnished to enlisted men of the Army. The surgeon in charge shall have authority to purchase subsistence stores from such officers of the Subsistence Department as may be designated by the Commissary General of Subsistence, for the maintenance of officers' and enlisted men's messes. The surgeon in charge is authorized to prepare such rules and regulations for the internal government of this hospital as may be, in his opinion, necessary and proper for the maintenance of discipline and for the interests of the institution, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War. Due notice of the opening of this hospital shall be given by circulars from the War and Navy Departments, containing all necessary information as to the particular classes of disease which may be benefited by treatment at the Hot Springs, and as to the proper procedure for obtaining admission and treatment. GROVER CLEVELAND. {G. 0. No. 36, A. G. 0. June 4, 1886.) The circular from this office, dated December 20, 1886, referring to the Army and Navy General Hospital at Hot Springs, Arkansas, is modified to read as follows : In accordance with the provisions of General Orders No. 36, Headquarters of the Army, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, District of Columbia, June 4, 1886, the following information is published to the Army : The Army and Navy General Hospital at Hot Springs, Arkansas, will be opened for the reception of patients January 17, 1887. Relief may reasonably be expected from the use of the Hot Springs water in the following classes of diseases, viz: Gout and rheumatism in their various forms, after the acute or inflammatory stage has passed ; neuralgia, peripheral or central, especially when depending upon gout, rli umatism, or metallic poison- ing ; paralysis, if not recent, progressive, or organic; locomotor ataxia or tabes, if not in advanced stages ; Bright's disease of the kidneys, only in the early stages ; diseases of the bladder and urinary organs ; functional diseases of the liver ; dyspepsia ; chronic diarrhea and catarrhal diseases generally ; chronic skin diseases, especially of the squamous or scaly forms ; chronic conditions resulting immediately from malarial infection. In general terms it may be stated that the Hot Springs water acts by stimu- lating all secretions and organic functions, increasing appetite, promoting digestion and assimilation, favoring tissue change and excretion of waste 10 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, products, relieving internal congestions, and stimulating the blood-making function. In the following classes of diseases the use of the Hot Springs water is contra- indicated : All acute, inflammatory diseases; tuberculosis; organic diseases of the heart and bi^ain ; aneurism ; cancer ; and all diseases in which stimulation of the circulation is to be avoided. The Army and Navy General Hospital will afford bed accommodations for eighteen officers and sixtj'-four enlisted men ; an increase of accommodation for officers, equal to about fifty per cent., may be gained by placing an additional bed in the larger rooms. The hospital accommodation will be divided between applicants from the military and naval service and the Marine Corps. Owing to the limited space assigned to officers, preference must be given to such applicants as may require actual hospital treatment — that is, treatment in room or bed. Authority for admission to the Army and Navy General Hospital on the part of officers of the Army, both on the active and retired lists, will be obtained from the Adjutant General of the Army, on the usual form of application for sick leave of absence, based upon a surgeon's certificate, which shall set forth clearly the particular disability under whicli the api)licant labors, and that, after a careful and rigid examination, it is liis opinion that treatment in this hospital is necessary to restore health. The lengtli of treatment in hospital will be determined by the surgeon in charge, and leaves of absence may be extended, when necessarj^ in the usual manner. Enlisted men will be admitted for treatment on application of the company or post commander, made to the Adjutant General of the Army in the usual manner, based upon certificate of a medical officer that treatment in this hospital is necessary to restore health. If approved, tlie soldier will receive the neces- sary order's to enable him to report to the surgeon in charge of the hospital ; on the conclusion of treatment, the surgeon in charge will notify the Adjutant General of the soldier's condition, with such recommendation as he may deem necessary, and orders will be issued for his return to duty, or for such disposi- tion as may be necessary. Enlisted men on the retired list will make their application, based on certificate, to the Adjutant General direct. The Hot Springs are most conveniently reached from the north, east, and west, via. St. Louis, by the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad, to Malvern Junction, knd thence to Hot Springs ))y narrow-gauge railway (twenty-five miles). For convenience and comfort in arriving at Hot Sjn'ings, patients are advised to take the train Icavinu- St. Louis in the evening, arriving at their destination the following afternocii' at about 3.;W. {Cir. A. G. 0. Apr. 20, 1887.) Althougli olticers of tlic licvcnuo 3Iarine Service are not entitled, under the terni!-! of tlic cxf'cutivi' order, publislied in General Orders Xo. :)«'), Adjutant General's Ottice, scries ISSO, to admission to the Army and Navy General Ho's- . pital at Hot Si)rings, Arkansas, still it is believed that their service is so closely allied to that of the Navy as to warrant extending to them the benefits of this hospital, and I accordingly recommend the admission of the within-named officer as lequested. (S. G. 3Iar. 29, 1889. A]q->rorcd hij S. of IT'.) SuRGEOx ]\ ciiAiti.T. or, TO nr.poKT m-sriTS or transfer or exusted men on ACCoiM or I'livsKAL msAitiiJTY. See Transfer of enlisted men. ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. Specimens eor. The attention of physicians is respectfully invited to the fact that the Army Medical Museum is now arranged in a convenient fire-proof building which affords means for the proper preserva- tion and display of specimens, and their aid is requested to make it a complete representative collection covering all branches of medicine. The following indicates the classes of specimens especially desired, with the best means of preserving them so as to make them most useful : 1. Eml)ryos of all animals and of all ages ; hiiman embryos of early ages in the meml)ranes are especially desired. MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 11 Perfectly fresh liiiman embryos should liave their nienibiancs perforated by small slits iu oue or two places, and then be placed in Miiller's tluid,* and kept in a cool place for twenty -four houi-s ; the tluid should then be replaced bj' fresh. If it is only possible to place a specimen in the pres"rvative fluid five or six hours after delivfTv, c-uniniercial alcohol. 80 per cent., should 1»c used iu place of Mailer's fluid. Fresh embryos of animals, ranging from 1| inches down to a l\'w millimeters in length, maybe preserved in either IMiiller's fluid, Perenyi's fluid,! or chromic acid, i per cent, solution. The uterus should be taken from the recently killed animal, and opened Avhile immersed in one of the preservative media. If Pe- renyi's fluid is used, allow the specimen to remain in it for from three to six hours, then transfer to alcohol (commercial). 2. Specimens of the pregnant uterus, human or from lower auimals, with the appendages, especially those where the contents have not been dis- tui'bed except to admit alcohol to the interior. 3. Complete human skeletons of which the age, sex, and race ai'e known. Skeletons of very old persons are especially desired. Wlien complete skeletons cannot be furnished, the skull, pelvis, and long bones are wanted. Skeletons of the following animals are desired, viz : SKKI.KT.'NS. Monkeys of any species. Camivora — Wild cat (Lynx rufus). Canada Ij'nx (Lynx Canadensis). Eyra (Felis eyra). Yaguarundi (Felis yaguanindii. Jaguar (Felis onca). Wolverine (Gulo luscus). Fisher (Mustela pennanti). Little sti'iped skunk (Spilogale zorilla). Otter (Lutra Canadensis). Sea otter (Enhydra marina). Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos). Black bear (Ursus Americanus). JJvfjulala — Antelope (Antilocapra Anu'ricana\ Mountain goat (Mazania 3Inntaua). Edentata — Armadillo rfatusia pebn > AVaT'T I'ii-Js uf ;i!iy s]" :iy wa'ltT^ : lilvi-wi-r raiiiivur.'U- In the C',)llectio!i .>f any Iviud it is csiccially important that every bone sliouM !• . ire >lo.uId lie talcuii to olitain all the feet and hand bones, tlie liyum i.Luu^ ui l>oni-. and the sesamoid bones, should they exist, together with every piece belonging to the skeleton, however small and ^ insignificant it may appear to be. The loose teeth should in every instance be carefully gathered up, put in a separate package, and placed inside the skull. The labeling of every human skeleton should be carefully attended to — the important points to be noted upon the label being the locality, race, if known, age, and se.x, if ascertainable. In the case, of a skeleton other than liuman,*the lo( ality and species are < sufficient. If the skeleton is fresh and the soft parts adherent, it should be roughly cleaned and hung in the shade to dry. No attempt should be made by the col- lector to finally j)repare any osteological specinieji by boiling, macerating, etc. To do this i)ropfrIy reiiiiiit's spicial appliances, wliieli are to be found in a well- appointed laboratory only. * Mailer's fluid : Ex. Bichromate potash, 2 parts; sulphate of soda. 1 part : water. 100 parts. f Perenyi's fluid: Nitric acid, C. P., 10 per cent., 4 p.arts : alcohol, 90 per cent., 3 parts ; chromic acid, h per cent. solution. 3 parts. 12 ord:ers and decisions, Skeletons of very old animals of any species are of value to the collection. 4. Specimens of the eye, internal ear, olfactory organs, the tongue with its attachments (including the larynx and upper part of the trachea), the external and internal genitals, and the brain ^nd spinal cord from infants, children, very old persons, and from wild animals, are desired if they can be obtained perfectly fresh. Specimens of eyes, either normal or pathological, if taken from the living animal, should be placed immediately in Miiller's fluid and set aside in a cool place for twenty-four hours, when the fluid should be replaced by fresh, and again changed on fourth day. Internal ear, olfactory organs, tongue, etc., should be treated in the same manner, if removed one or two hours after death. If removed five or six hours after death, as is usual in the majority of post- mortems, all of the organs of special sense are best preserved in commercial alcohol. Brains and cords should be placed as soon as possible after death in Miiller's or Erlicki's fluid.* If removed within thirty-six hours after death, the brain and cord may be preserved and hardened whole in either of these fluids, if kept in a cool place ; if it is the intention to preserve the specimen whole, change the fluid every twenty-four hours foF five days, keeping at as low a temperature as possible. Specimens of the central nervous system removed three days or more after death should be p eservod in commercial alcohol. 5. Hearts, with as much of the great vessels attached as possible ; kidneysj with ureters ; pancreas, with its ducts ; spleen ; suprarenal bodies > stomach, with cKsophagus and coniniencenient of the intestine, from very old persons and from wild animals, preserved in alcohol, are desired. Specimens of the smaller wild animals and parts of animals should be pre- served in alcohol, as of the following : Swift fox (Vulpes velox). Prairie fox (Vulpes macrourus). Island fox (Urocyon littoralis). California civet (Bassaris astuta), (much desired). Pine marten (Mustela martes), Fisher (Mustela pennanti). Wolverine (Gulo luscus). Badger (Taxidea Americana). Raccoon (Procyon lotor). Head of any species of bear. Head or limbs of any species of seal (much desired). Any species of bat. Any species of mole or shrew. ^ Jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius). Wood-rat (Neotoma floridana). Musk-rat (Fiber zibethicus). Pouched gopher (Geomys bursarius). Gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Ground squirrels (Spermophilns), any species. Prairie dog (Cynomys ludoviciana). Woodchuck (Arctomys monaxK Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatus). Rio Grande armadillo (Tatusia peba\ (very much desired). Also limbs and heads of animals preserved in alcohol, the cervical vertebrae ijpmaining attached to the heads, and the brain and spinal cord being left undisturbed. Materials designed to illustrate the macroscopic anatomy of the brain are best preserved in commercial alcohol, but it scarcely ever suffices to plunge the specimen directly into this preservative. The best practice is to decapitate the subject, wash out the circulatory sys- tem with salt solution of moderate strength in tepid water, and inject strong solution of zinc chloride or corrosive sublimate. * Erlicki's fluid c Rx. Bichromate potash, 2^ parts; sulphate copper, ^ part ; water, 100 parts. MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 13 Care should be taken to ligate the vertebral and one of the carotid arteries before proceeding, the injection being done preferably through the opposite carotid. In the case of small animals, not larger than a common cat, injection of the brain is not absolutely necessary, but the brain-case should be freely opened (care being taken not to injure the brain) in order that the alcohol may pen- etrate well. After injection the specimen should be placed in alcohol. In the case of a human brain, it is best to both inject, as directed above, and open the brain- case in addition. No attempt should be made to remove the brain unless the entire head cannot be obtained. In such instance a thorough Mashing out of the circulatory sys- tem and subsequent injection, as directed above, will be found of groat assist- ance in handling. This, of course, must be done before any attempt at removal. The nerve-trunks should be cut as long as possible, the dura mater split up, and the whole placed in a saturated solution of zinc chloride for a period of fortj'-eight hours before transferring it to alcohol. Cotton or hair should then be carefully packed around it so as to prevent distortion as far as possible. Brains of Chinese, Indians, negroes, and other races are specially desired. Brains of any of the vertebrata, but more especially those of the mammalia, are wanted. The preservation of any of the hollow viscera is best accomplished by first washing them out thoroughly and then placing in commercial alcohol. In the case of hearts or kidneys the vessels should be cut long so as to show their principal bifurcations and branches. 6. Specimens illustrating results of wounds and operations in man and the lower animals, especially those showing the results of old fractures and dislocations, of excisions of bones and joints, of old injuries of the head ; also stumps. 7. Abnormities and deformities of all kinds in man or lower animals, mon- sters, contracted joints, spina bifida. These are especially desired pre- served in alcohol. Specimens of deformed pelves are particularly desired. 8. Atrophies of organs or limbs from man or lower animals. 9. Hypertrophies of all kinds ; tumors of all kinds. 10. Specimens illustrating diseases of the nervous system, sclerosis, or atrophy of brain or cord ; neuritis. 11. Specimens illustrating disease or results of injury of the eye, internal ear, and nose, from man or lower animals. Temporal bones, larynx, tongue, and lower jaws from deaf-mutes are especially desired. For modes of i^reservation see above. Tumors and pathological organs are best preserved in alcohol or alcohol and bichloride of mercurj^ solution.* It is especially desirable to use one or other of the preservatives mentioned in notes 1, 2, 3, and 4, if the body has not been dead over twentj'-four hours. 12. Specimens illustrating abnormities or diseases of the jaws and teeth, including casts showing irregularities of the teeth and the results of treatment. 13. Hernias, especially irreducible hernias, with the viscera in the sac. 14. Diseases of the vascular system, especially aneurisms, arteritis, phle- bitis, acute endocarditis, valvular lesions of the heart, rupture of the heart, vessels that have been ligated or obstructed. 15. Diseases of the pancreas, contracted liver, acute yellow atrophy of liver, contracted kidney, acute nephritis, diseased suprarenal capsules, ulcer of stomach or duodenum. 16. Diseases of the skin, tattooed skin, leprosy, ichthyosis, chronic eczema, lupus. 17. Calculi and concretions, foreign bodies in situ. 18. Parasites of muscles and skin, including trichina, psorospermia, taenia, tricophytffi, etc., are desired. 19. Specimens of enlarged or diseased lymphatics or masses of so-called scrof- ulous glands. * Saturated aqueous solution of mercuric bichloride, diluted with an equal volume of 90 per cent, alcohol. 14 ORDERS AXD DECISIONS, 20. Diseases of bones and joints, including rickets and crauiotabes in in- fants. Specimens of diseases of infants and young children, especially of intestines in cholera infantum, lungs in pneumonia of infants, specimens of cardiac disease or malformation from the infant, speci- mens of congenital deformitj' of any kind. 21. Specimens showing the result of long-continued pursuit of a particular t ade or profession, as affecting bones, joints, or any viscus. Specimens showing infiltration of tissues with lead or silver salts are particularly desired. Specimens of pigmentary or lardaceous degeneration. 22. Syphilitic gumniata, diseases of the genital organs showing cicatrices. 23. Specimens of instruments and apparatus, new and old, including those used in physiological investigation, in diagnosis and in therapeutics, whether surgical or medical. 24. Models, casts, and pliotographs ; diagrams and apparatus used in dem- onstrations or medical and surgical teaching. Specimens forwarded by medical officers of the Army at posts may be sent through the Quartermastei-'s Department, unless speedy delivery is desirable, Avhen they should be sent by Adams Express. Other contributors can forward specimens by Adams Express, in suitable boxes or packages, marked " Surgeon J. S. Billings. U. S. Army, Curator of the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D. C." The froiiilit cliarucs are defrayed here by the Museum. {Cir. S. G. 0. Sept. 15, 1888.) ARTIFICERS. Tiiansfer of, to the Hospital Corps, roRBiDOEN. See Hospital Corps. (Epitome of regulations for.) ARTIFICIAL LIMBS. Par. 1. Every officer, or enlisttd, or hired man, who has lost a limb, or the use of a limb, in the military or naval service of the United States, is entitled to receive, once every Ave years, an artificial limb or apparatus, or commutation therefor. The period of five years is reckoned from the filing of the first application after June 17, 1870, and no arrears accrue previous to such filing. The commutation allowed in case of the amputation of a leg is ^75 ; in all other cases $50. Com- mutation can be allowed only in cases of loss of a limb or loss of use of a limb — that is, arm or leg — not for other injuries. Par. 2. The laws relating to artificial limbs are the Revised Statutes, sections 4787 to 4791, and Act of August 15, 1876, chap. 300. Par. 3. The Surgeon General of the Army, when requested, will furnish all neces- sary blanks and information. Formal applications, when properly filled up, should, whenever possible, be signed in the handwriting of the applicant, and then sent to the proper pension agent for his certificate. Much delay will be prevented by filling up properly all the spaces of the application, and taking care to write the name, regimental designation, et.., correctly and very plainly. Par. 4. Upon application for limbs in kind, orders will be given by the Surgeon General, upon manufacturers who shall have filed bonds in the sum of five thousand dollars, with two sureties each, to furnish good and satisfactory limbs, without extra charge to the soldier, and make good for five years all defects of material or workmanship without additional charge, subject in all cases to the inspection < f such persons as the Surgeon General may designate. Orders for limbs will be good for one year from their date, and no longer. Par. 5. Necessary transportation by the most usual and direct routes will be fur- nished to those desiring it for the purpose of having artificial limbs fitted ; but will not be furnished except for this purpose. Commutation for transportation is not allowed. Each person, on receiving actual transportation, will sign and deliver up his transportation order to the authorized agent of the railroad, or other carrier. Transportation orders not used should be returned to the Quar- termaster General or to the Surgeon General. (Cir. S. G. 0. Jan. 1, 1888.) ASSIGNMENT OF RE-ENLISTED MEMBERS. See Hospital Corps. ASYLUM, GOVERNMENT INSANE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Transfer Books.) See, also, Civilian Employe. ATHLETIC SPORTS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Duty.) MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 15 ATTENDANCE, MEDICAL. See Medical Attendance. ATTENDANT. See Hospital Corps. (Definition of term.) AUCTION SALES OF CONDEMNED MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL PROPERTY. See Medical and Hospital Property. AUTOPSIES. Report OF. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Remarks.) AUTOPSY. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Results.) AWAITING DIAGNOSIS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) See, also, Conipanj' Sick Report Book. BAKERY SAVINGS. See Hospital Fund. (Allotments.) BANDS. See Hospital Corps. BEARERS, COMPANY. See Rifles for Drill. BEDDING, CLOTHING, ETC. See Disinfection of Clothing, Bedding, etc. BEDS AND BEDDING. See Hospital Corps. BELT, WAIST. See Hospital Corps. BIENNIAL REGISTER. See Hospital Matron. (Record of.) BILLS. See IVIedical Attendance and Medicines. BINDING AND PRESERVATION OF MEDICAL JOURNALS. See Medical Journals. BIRTH-PLACE AND NATIVITY. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Name.) BIRTH-PLACE. Record of. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Name.) BIRTHS AND MARRIAGES. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Marriages and Births.) BLANK FORMS. Requisitions for. Requisitions for blank forms will be made for one j^ear's supply at a time, and the number of each blank required must be stated. No action Avill be t tken on requisitions for "a full supply of blanks," or for "a six months' supply of blanks," etc. {Cir. Ord. No. 4,. S. G. 0. Jtihj 10, 1869.) BOOK, COMPANY SICK REPORT. See Company Sick Report Book. BOOK OF "ORDERS AND LETTERS." See Official Records. BOOKS AND INSTRUMENTS. Books and instruments, except when issued as "Personal," are to be considered as belonging to the Post to which they are sent, and are not to be removed therefrom, (Cir. Ch-d. No. 4, S. G. 0. July 10, 1869.) BOOKS, RECORD. See Record Books. BOOKS, TRANSFER. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Transfer Books.) BRASSARDS, See Hospital Corps. CAMP AND GARRISON EQUIPAGE. See Hospital Corps. (Responsibility for.) CANTEEN FUND. See Hospital Fund. (Allotments.) CARDS, POSTAL. See Postal Cards. CASES. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Patients.) (Remarks.) See, also. Surgical Cases. CAUSE OF ADMISSION. See Consol. Rep. of; Med. Dept. (Admission.) CHANGE IN COMMAND. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Command, changes in.) 16 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, CHANGE IN STATUS OF MEMBERS OF HOSPITAL CORPS. See Hospital Corps. (Change in status of.) CHANGE OF NAME. See Name. (Change of.) CHANGE OF STATION AS A MEANS OF DISCIPLINE. See Hospital Corps. CHARACTER. See Hospital Corps. CHILDREN. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Command.) CHINAMAN. See Hospital Matron. CHRISTIAN NAMES OF PATIENTS. ^ See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. ^Patients, Register of.) CIRCULARS. See Army Medical Museum ; Artificift,l Limbs; Consolidated Report of the Medical Department ; Disinfectants ; Disinfection and Disinfectants ; Disinfection of Clothing ; Electric Apparatus ; Hospital Stewards and Acting Hospital Stewards ; Medical and Hospital Property ; Medical Supplies ; Medi- cines ; Meteorological Observations ; Purveying Depots ; Sanitary Reports ; Splints ; Surgical Cases ; Trusses ; Vaccination. CIRCULAR LETTERS. See Hospital Corps; Medical Attendance; Monthly Reports. CIRCULAR ORDERS. See Blank. Forms ; Books and Instruments ; Hospital Corps ; Hospital Fund ; Hospital Repairs ; Hospital Safes ; Hospital Store-room ; Hos- pitals and Hospital Stewards' Quarters ; Medical Journals ; Microscopes ; Official Correspondence ; Record Books ; Reports of Changes of Station, etc.; Vacancies. CIVILIAN EMPLOYE. Deceased, disposal or the effects of. In the absence of any regulation or law providing for the disposition of the effects of deceased civil- ian employes, Army officers having in their possession such effects can only be expected to exercise such care as they may deem proper to insure delivery to the representatives of deceased. (Second Comp.) Insane, admission to Government Asylum. A civilian employe of the Quarter- master's Department became insane at a western post. Authority for his admis- sion to the Government Asylum for the Insane, given, upon full representation of facts, and certificate of insanity from the post surgeon. {S. of W. Jan. 28, 1881.) Sale of Medical Supplies to. The act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, published in General Orders No. 13, Headquarters of the Army, Adjutant General's Office, March 13, 1883, provides — " That civilian employes of the Army stationed at military posts may, under regulations to be made by the Secretary of War, purchase necessary medical supplies, prescribed by a medical officer of the Army, at cost, with ten per centum added." All medical officers Who dispense medical supplies (medicines, hospital stores, etc.) to civilian employes of the Army under the foregoing provision, will render direct to the Surgeon General, upon the first day of every calendar month, commencing with the first day of August, 1883, accounts in detail, and in duplicate, giving the name of each employ^ and the kinds and quantities of medical supplies furnished to him, and by whom prescribed, during the preced- ing month, a space being left after each item for the insertion of the price, which will be fixed at this office. One copy of these statements will be returned to the officer furnishing them, and the amounts shown to be due from each employ 6 will be collected by the medical officer responsible for the supplies furnished . The funds collected for medical supplies thus furnished to civilian employes will be disposed of in the same manner as proceeds of other sales of medical and hospital property. {Ci7\ No. 1, S. G. 0. May 10, 1883.) CIVILIANS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Command.) Medical Attendance; Hospital Corps. (Enlistment.) MEDICAL CORPS, XI. S. ARMY. 17 CLOTHING. See Disinfection of Clothing; see, also, Hospital Corps. (Clothing specially manufactured for.) CLOTHING ALLOWANCE. See Hospital Corps. CLOTHING AND BEDDING, HOSPITAL. See Hospital Corps. (Beds and Bed- ding.) CLOTHING, BEDDING, Etc. See Disinfection of Clothing, BeddinV etc. COCOA MATTING. Supply and uses of. Medical officers should be required to specify the number of strips of matting required and the length of each strip ; also the purpose for which the matting is required. This article is supplied for issue for use on the floors of the halls in post hospitals, and is not intended for use on stairway's or in the wards. It should be laid one strip, a yard wide, in each hall ; and " zinc ends " will be issued, two for each strip, so as to avoid the necessity of fastening the matting to the floor. {Letters. G. Jem. 18,1887.) COLLEGES. See Medical Attendance. COLORED TROOPS. See Consol, Rep. of Med. Dept. (Indian Scouts.) COMMAND. See Consol. Eep. of Med. Dept. (Changes in.) (Reports.) COMMANDING OFFICER. See Company Sick Report. COMPANY BEARERS. See Rifles for Drill. COMPANY SICK REPORT.. Excuse from duty by Medical Officers of en- listed MEN ON ACCOUNT OF SICKNESS, SUBJECT TO Tl^E APPROVAL OF THE COM- MANDING Officer. Neither the Company Commander nor the Surgeon' can excuse from duty any soldier of a military post. That is the right of the Commanding Officer, who alone can excuse from duty an officer or soldier at the post. The Company Commander recommends, and the Post Surgeon recommends, but the Conmianding Officer alone acts. The Company Com- mander is not compelled to send to the Surgeon every man who applies to him representing himself as sick, nor is the Post Surgeon bound or influenced by the opinion of the Company Commander ; each acts independently of the other within the sphere of his office. As a matter of course the report of the Surgeon is habitually conclusive, yet the Commanding Officer is the final judge. In emergencies he may compel sick men to fight and even to work, responsible only to the next higher commander, but not to his Surgeon. This is a principle of command which must not be lost sight of. {(>pin. Gen'l Army Feb. 14, 1881.) COMPANY SICK REPORT BOOK. Diagnosis in. The diagnosis should be entered but once, noting complications as they may arise. (Dec. S. G. Mea: 25, 1884.) Instructions relative to entries thereon. The Company Sick Report Book has been officially prescribed by General Orders No. 75, of 1870, from the Head- quarters of the Army, and a strict compliance with its provisions is obligatory, not only upon the company officer, but upon the medical officer signing it ; and it is therefore necessary that tlie medical lofficer attending sick call shall enter the diagnosis of each case on such reports of troops and companies ; and to prevent errors of diagnosis the entry "awaiting diagnosis" should be made in all doubtful cases and a formal diagnosis entered later. It is not necessary to discuss at length the propriety of making the entries in question ; but the Company Sick Report Book would be of mueh value, if the diseases and injuries of soldiers were carefully entered therein, particularly so to the medical officer when a command newly joins a station. By means of this book the Surgeon can have before him a brief and usually fair medical history of a soldier for the period of his entire enlistment, and this is certainly of much importance in the study of obscure disorders. In the settlement of pension claims against the Government the reports could be made of much value by furnishing evidence as to the cause of a soldier's disability, should the disease have originated at another station and beyond the observation of the medical officer. Further, the record enables any company 2 18 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, officer to furnish the certificate required by the Commissioner of Pensions rela- tive to the source of the disability and length of illness for which pension is claimed, although he may have no personal knowledge of the facts in the case. As to the unintentional publication of confidential revelations by means of this record, it is believed that company sick reports should be guarded against unauthorized examinations as are all other records pertaining to the military establishment. {Letter S. G. July IS, 1883.) COMPLICATIONS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. CONDEMNED MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL PROPERTY. See Medical and Hospital Property. CONFIDENTIAL REVELATIONS OF THE SICK. See Company Sick Report Book. CONFINEMENT IN GUARD-HOUSE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Duty.) CONSOLIDATED REPORT OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. Admission, CAUSE OF (VII). (1) In noting the cause of admiissLon to sick rejjort the name of the disease or injury, if known, will be written in column XI with sufficient fullness to preclude all doubt as to its meaning. (2) The anatomical location of diseases or injuries must be accurately stated, since it frequently happens that pensions are claimed for disabilities arising from injuries that were not received in the service or in the line of duty, because they happen to be in a similar location. For example : A soldier contracting in the service a right inguinal hernia that is cured, claims pension for a left inguinal hernia that appeared subse- quent to his discharge from service ; or deafness from disease of one ear may, subsequent to discharge, be increased by deafness of both ears ; in each case it will be seen that it is essential that the precise location of the disease or injury should be stated. (3) When, from lack of time or other causes, a satisfactory diagnosis cannot be reached, the entry "awaiting diagnosis" will be made. (Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) When the diagnosis has been ascertained, the name of the disease will be writ^n in full in column XI, column XII being reserved for complications, etc. [See par. vii (3), Cir, 3, 1883.] {Letter S. G. Oct. 16, 1884.) Medical officers are requested to investigate with particular care cases of typhoid, typho-malarial, or malarial fevers, as well as all infections or contagious dis- eases occurring among troops recently received at their several stations, with a view to determine the origin of such diseases, whether the result of local causes or whether imported from infected or suspected centers. Ascertained facts upon these points will be entered in column XII, especial care being taken to note length of residence of patient at the station. (Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Nov. 20, 1884.) I. Until further orders medical officers of the Army will disregard Form 44, Medical Department {Nomenclature of Diseases), and use such terms in recording diseases and injuries as will, in their judgment, briefly and accurately describe them, governing themselves, so far as possible, by the nomenclature adopted by standard American and English writers and generally accepted by the medical profession. II. While it is desirable that complete diagnoses should be recorded, if possi- ble, conditions tending to obscure a definite conclusion are to be recognized ; when no diagnosis can be reached this fact will be stated. III. In All cases, when possible, record pathological lesions in place of using the symptom arising from such lesions. IV. Local affections arising from general or constitutional disease, as syph- ilis, tuberculosis, rheumatism, malarial toxaemia, etc., will be clearly specified as depending upon the general condition. V. Note especially the following points : (1) The anatomical region or regions affected by diseases or injuries. (2) In all cases of wounds and injuries specify the agent or cause producing them, as well as attendant circunistancep. (3) When the injury is homicidal, suicidal, or judicial, it will be so stated. MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 19 (4) Acute, sub-acute, and chronic conditions will be indicated in all cases when such condition is an essential feature of the disease. (5) Diseases due to venereal contagion, the abuse of stimulants or narcotics, or to immoral practices, must be so recorded. (6) Make careful distinction between the contagious venereal ulcer, known as chancroid, and the hard chancre of primary syphilis. (7) Also between acute articular rheumatism (rheumatic fever) and the milder form of sub-acute rheumatism, muscular rheumatism or myalgia. (8) In cases of small-pox or varioloid, state whether there is evidence of vac- cination. (9) In malarial fevers give the special type. (10) When erysipelas, gangrene, pyaemia, tetanus, etc., occur as complications in cases of wounds and injuries, record the lesion giving rise to such complica- tions. (11) In cases of impairment of vision or hearing, tlie amount of deviation from the normal distance at which given tests may be seen or heard should be definitely ascertained and noted. (12) The term " heart disease " should not be used when the specific affection can be determined. (13» In diseases of the lungs, statu whether right, left, or both lungs are affected ; also, the lobe or lobes involved. So in cases of disease of the pleura, indicate side and complications. (14:) In cases of hernia give exact location, variety, and cause ; when incar- cerated or strangulated, state condition and method of taxis employed. (15) Designate wou ds as slight or severe ; contused, incised, punctured, lacer- ated, etc. (I'J) In shot wounds, note the nature of the missile, the point of entrance and exit, and the parts implicated. (17) Designate fractures as simple, compound, comminuted, or complicated, witli nature of complications. (18) Make special note of cases of malingering and feigned disease and of means employed for detection of same. VI. In the registration of deaths the general and determining causes should be stated, also any or all contributing causes which may be recognized. {Cir. Xo. 1, S. G. 0. Jan. 26, 1885.) In cases of old injury, when there is no note of previous admission, infor- mation as to the date and place of original injury, and as to the cause and attending circumstances, should be recorded. {Letter S. G. Jnhj 2,1888.) Term "cramps" should not be used as a svnonym for intestinal colic. {Letter S. G. Oct. 28, 1887.) Authority to Medical Directors to change the duplicate of. Medical Di- rectors are authorized to indicate, in their respective departments, such omis- sions from or modification of the duplicate of the Consolidated Report of the Medi- cal Department as may seem to them to be advisable for the purpose of lessening clerical duty at the post. (Letter S. G. Feb. 12, 1890.) Command, changes in (XIX). (1) Changes in the composition of the command ; (2) changes of medical officers and hospital stewards ; (3) the arrival and de- parture of troops and their destination will be noted, and (4) whether they are accompanied by a medical officer or not. (Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) While the term " changes in command," as used in par. xix of Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0., 1883, is not intended to include practically a " post return," important variations from the general composition of the command and from the general aggregate of force present should be noted, as changes in the garrison by transfer, removal, or addition of companies, etc., arrival or departure of detach- ments of troops on field or other service, the arrival of bodies of recruits, and the passage of transient bodies of troops en rotite. {Letters S. G. Oct. 21, 1884, and Nov. 1, 1884.) The arrival and departure of organized bodies of troops from the various recruiting depots should be noted ; but detachments of recruits, unless accom- panied by a medical officer from whom reports will be required, need not be specially mentioned. {Letter S. G. Jan. 8, 1884.) CIVILIANS attached TO (XXVI). (1) A statement of the number of civilians attached :^o the command will 'be entered each month on the first page. 20 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, The enumeration will include contract surgeons, and the wives, children, relatives, and servants of officers and enlisted men, as well as all other civilians, male and female, permitted to live at the post, or who are connected with the command. (2) It is well known that a large proportion of the professional work of Army medical officers in time of i)eace is among garrison attaches, and it is desired for the futun? tliat this work should become a matter of otficial record. (3) With that view u hrief numerical summary of the more important cases of sickness treated during the month will be entered, while (4) the gen- eral character of the diseases prevailing will be noted in the space for remarks. (5) A record of the deaths occurring among this class will be carefully kept on the first page. (6) Civilians treated in hospital will be reported, with the name, complaint, and result in each case, on page 1. (7) Special reports of interesting cases and records of autopsjes will be regularly furnished. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. SepL 1, 1883.) The employes of contractors engaged in building or other work at a post, and whose employment is of a temporary nature, are not to be considered as civilians attached to the command within the meaning of par. xxvi (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) of Cir. 3, 1883. {S. G. Mar. 15, 1S88.) Any case among civilians should be numerically reported if it is of sirficient i)iiportance to require more than the passing notice of a mcdica) olTiccr, or if it be one that would have been taken upon sick report, had the individual treated been ;in officer or soldier. {Cir. Let. ,s'. G. 0. July 26, 1887.) Causes of sickness prevailing among civilians should be described in a ,K or suicide (XV). (1) In case of death from homicide or suicide a note of the attending circumstances will be entered in column XV or under Remarks. [Cir. No.3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1»83.) Suicide, or attempted suicide. Cause or causes which led to, desired. (Letter S. G. Aug. 30, 1887.) Death of officers ami soldiers when out of service (XIV). (1) Deaths of discharged soldiers, if witli the command, will be entered upon tlie Register of Patients, Lnving both the cause and date ; and (2) a statement whether the cause of death originated while in the military service and in the line of duty. (3) Officers who may die subsequent to their resignation, discharge, or dismissal from service, if with the command, will be recorded upon the register, Avith (4) a statenieiit as to wliether the disease or injury causing death originated in serv- iee and iii tlie line of duty. (5) All such deaths and discharges will be excluded from the "Numerical tjummarv " on pages 2 and 3 of the form. (Cir. No. 3, S. G. O. Sept. 1, 1883.) Desertions (XVII). (1) If an officer or soldier deserts the service while borne on the sick report, an entry of the fact will be made in columns XV and XVI, and his name be repeated in that column : e. g., " Private A. B., Co. C, 7th Infantry, deserted May 20, 1883." This precaution will be taken for the jmrpose of pi'event- ing the inadvertent entry of a grave charge against the wrong man — an accident not unknown on the registers of the old form. (2) The medical officer will also enter the fact of the patient's return from desertion, should it become known to him, giving the date and a statement as to whether he was afterwards treated in hospital, quarters, or in the guard-house. (3) On such return the destM'tei's name will be inscribed on the register among the remaining sick, the number last assigned to him being entered in column I, his disease and datQ of original admission to sick report in columns XI and XIT. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. 'apt. 1, 1883.) 22 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, Diagnosis, correction of errors of (IX). (1) The correction of errors of diagnosis will be made by recording in column XI the fact of the error, in col- umn XII the correct disease and exact date when a true diagnosis was reached. (2) Errors can be avoided by allowing sufficient time to elapse between the patient's admission to sick report and the entry of his complaint in column XI. (3) Should it become necessary to forward the Monthly Report during this interval, the entry "awaiting diagnosis" will be made and the registration of the disease postponed to a subsequent report. (Ch: No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Remark relative to correction of diagnosis need not be repeated from month to month. Correct disease will be substituted for incorrect disease in column XI on subsequent reports. (Letter S. G. Jnne 23, 1884.) Disability, certificates of. their preparation (XXXIX). (1) In prepar- ing certificates of disability for discharge, medical officers are reminded of the imperative necessity for full and explicit 'compliance Avith the instructions con- tained in paragraphs 148, 149, 150, and 1621, A. R., and notes 1 and 2 on the back of the certificates. (2) Until the certificate of the company commander is filled out with the information necessary to determine whether or not the disability occurred in the line of duty, the medical officer should withhold his action in the case. (3) The time, pljice, manner, and all the circumstaijces under which the disability occurred should be fully and clearly set forth. Mere assertions on this point are insufficient ; the facts in the case are essentially requisite. (4) In the medical certificate a concise statement, describing the nature, location, degree, extent, cause, and results of the disease or injury, should be set forth in terse, clear language. (5) To iiismc iutclliiient and promi)t action on the part of those whose duty it is to n-view or approve such applications, it is absolutely necessary to have the information above indicated clearly given in every case. As such statements usually form the bases upon which claims for pension are predicated, there should be no ambiguity as to the intent and meaning of the language used to describe the disability and man- ner of its occurrence. (6) Before resorting to discharge on the grounds of incurability, every effort practicable should be made to restore invalids to the service by extending to them the benefits of skillful and patient professional treatment. (7) Certificates will state all the causes of disability, where more than one exists, and will in every instance be made out in the handwriting of the surgeon signing it. (Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Disability, willfil aggravation of (XTI). (1) When it is known that the disease or injury causing the death or discharge of an officer or soldier has been aggravated by his willful and persistent refusal to submit to such reasona- ble restrictions, methods of treatment, or surgical operations as would, in the opinion of the medical officer, conduce either to the patient's cure or to the lessening of his disability, the fact will be noted upon the register: e. ' should be made in column XII. Diseases of patients who, having been returned to duty cured, are then nevvlj' admitted for diflFerent disabilities, are not intercurrent diseases within the meaning of par. X, and should be entered in column XI. {End. .S. 6?. 3Iar. 2, 1885.) Duty, line of (VI). (1) In every case of admission of an officer or soldier to sick report, the medical officer will enter in column X an expression of his opinion whether the disease or injury originated in the line of duty ; and it is just to assume (2) that all diseases contracted or injuries received while the officer or soldier is in the military service of the United States occur in the line of duty, unless the surgeon knows, either, 1st, that the disease or injury existed before entering the service ; or, 2d, that it was contracted while absent from duty on furlough or otherwise ; or, 3d, that it occurred in consequence of willful neglect or immoral conduct of the sick man himself. {Cii: No. 3, S. G. O. Sept. 1, 1883.) In every case of disease or injury not originating in the line of duty it is es- sential that the circmusfances attevfUng (he incurrence be set forth by the medical officer in addition to the entry " No" in column X of the Register of Patients. Changes of record are sometimes demanded by claimants for pension on the ground that the entry " No " was either a clerical error or was based on an error of fact. To successfully rebut such allegation, and to protect the Government against fraud, a record of tlie facts in each case is necessarv. {Letter^S. G. July 8, 1885 ) The explanatory remarks may be placed in column XI or XII, as most con- venient. {LeUer S. G. March 17, 1886.) If complications, sequela?, or intercurrent diseases are in any way dependent upon the original cause of admission, a single entry in column X will cover them all. If there is no relation, a separate entry as to line of duty should be made in column XII ; e. g., a soldier suffering from venereal disease may, while under treatment, contract malarial fever. In such case it should be stated in column XII whether the new disease originated in the line of duty or not. {Letter S. G. March 4, 1886.) If the medical officer does not know at the date of his report whether a specified disease originated in the line of duty, he will enter ^^Undeterndnecr^ in column X of the report. The fact should be determined, however, later, and propei'ly entered upon the next report. If the soldier's name does not appear upim a sub- sequent report, the facts of the case should be set forth in a letter. (-S. G. Feb. 23, 1884.) A disability due, or probably due, to the use of tobacco, can be assumed to be incident to the service with no greater propriety than a disability due to the use of alcohol, or to anv other bad habit or vicious practice of the sick man himself. * {Letter S. G. June 28, 1889.) A soldier Avho leaves post on pafts to go to another post for the purpose of riding a private horse in a race, and who is injured therein, is considered absent from dutv within the provisions of (2) 2d paragraph vi. {End. S. G. June — , 1889.) The simple fact that a patient's disability originated while in confinement, possibly awaiting trial for a military offense of which he may be proven inno- cent, is not considered sufficient ground for the statement that the disability 24 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, did not originate in the line of duty, unless the medical officer making the state- ment has knowledge of additional circumstances tending to show that the dis- ability arose from causes not incident to the service. (End S. G. Oct. 13, 1887.) A soldier in confinement in a post guard-house is no more to be considered absent from duty, within the meaning of paragraph vi, (2) 2d of Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0., 1883, than a soldier sick in a post hospital ; there is a greater certainty of his being present for any duty which may be required of him while in con- finement, than in almost any other situation in which he can be placed. Whether a disability originating during such confinement is to be considered as having been incurred in the line of duty or not, must be determined by cir- cumstances in each case, additional to the mere fact of confinement. It is clearly unjust to assume that in all cases, regardless of the guilt or innocence of the prisoner, disabilities originating during confinement were not incurred in the line of duty. * * * When the opinion is expressed that such dis- abilities were not incurred in the line of duty, a brief statement will be made in each case, either in column XII or under general remarks, of any circumstances, additional to the more fact of confinement, upon which the opinion is based. If, however, the opinion should be based upon the fact of confinement alone, a statement to that effect should invariably be made in each case. {End. S. G. Nov. 10, 1887.) Whenever medical officers express the opinion that such injuries (received while engaged in athletic sports^ properly indulged in) were received in the line of duty, the opinion is accepted by this office as satisfactory and final ; but when the opposite opinion is expressed, it is desired that a brief statement should be made, either in column XII or vmder general remarks, of any circumstances upon which the opinion is based, additional to the mere fact that the soldier was engaged in athletic sports when injured. If the entry " No " in column X was made because of this fact alone, a statement to that effect should invariably be made, in order that account may be made of it in the adjudication of any claim which may arise in future. {Letter S. G. Nov. 23, 1888.) Field report (XXXII). (1) When troops are detached from a post or command for independent movement in the field, or on change of station, and also when recruits are distributed from depots to their respective regiments, the medical officer assigned to duty with them will take with him a sufficient number of loose sheets of Form No. 30, and " Insert A," on Avhich to make out his report at the end of each month or up to the date on which the detachment or command arrives at its proper station. (2) A part of these sheets, after having been folded into three folds to fit the med- icine pHunier, where they will be carried, should be stitched together through the right-hand margin and fastened into a cover or portfolio (which will be furnished), and will constitute the ^^ Field Eegister,''' the filled sheets of which will always be left with the senior medical officer of the command to which the recruits or troops are finally assigned, as a part of his permanent records. (3) In all cases the medical officer must state on his final report where these sheets havf> been deposited. (4) Should any number of them accumulate at a post, thev will from time to time be forwarded to the Surcreon General for binding. ' {Cir. iVo.3, ,S'. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Hospitals, General (XXII). (1) In th*^ case of general hospitals the aggre- gate strength present will be confined to commissioned medical officers, com- missioned officers of the line or staff corps on duty or reported as temporarily attached to the hospital, all enlisted men detailed or serving as stewards, nurses, cooks, guards, or working-parties ; and the number reported as "ex- cused from duty on account of sickness," in the adjoining column, will be con- fined to officers and enlisted men so specified — as at every large hospital there are a number of officers and men not borne upon any other report, it becomes necessary to account for them as a separate command, and their sick as treated in general hospital. (2) The same rule will hold good in the case of such j)os< hospitah as may from time to time be established, in which the hospital is not attached to any ijarticular command, but receives the graver cases from several commands, each of which has its own medical officer who, of course, makes out a monthly report for the command to which he is attached. (3) The reason for this is obvioiis : Were the general hospital or post hospital to report, in addition to their own personnel, the daily aggregate strength of all troops from MKDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 25 whom tliey received their sick, the same strength having been reported by the medical officer attached to each command, a consolidation of the sick reports in the department in which the hospital was situated would give a greater strength than actually existed. (Cir. No. 3, -S'. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Include in the "strength of command," in addition to those on duty, all officers and enlisted men received by transfer from some other hospital or com- mand, and those who may be taken sick while on leave of absence (other than sick leave) or on furlough. (Etui. S. G. May 21, 1887.) The proper course to jmrsue upon the admission of a patien^ while on sick leave of absence, to the Army and Navy General Hospital, would be for the sur- geon in charge of that hospital to immediately notify the post surgeon upon whose report the patient is borne, and request a formal transfer of the case. {E7id. S. G. June 21, 1887.) Hospitals, opened or closed (XXIII). (1) If a hospital is opened or closed during the month, state by operation of what order. (2) In case of closure, state the disposition of the records, and desijinate the officer to whom invoiced and their destination. (3) This information will be given on the report and by letter immediately to the Surgeon General and Medical Director. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Hospital or post, abandonment or (XXXVI). (1) On the abandonment of a post or hospital, or on the breaking up of a command the companies of which are to be distributed to several posts, the bound volume of thf^ register, together with all other medical records, will be forwarded to the Surgeon Gen- eral. (Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Indian scouts, separate reports for (XXX). (1) Separate reports are re- quired for organized companies of Indian scouts, whether serving in the same command or not. (2) Indian scouts not organized into companies but at- tached to a post will be noted numerically on the general remarks ; in no case will thev be included in the aggregate strength of troops present. (3) The names of such scouts as are sick or injured will be inscribed on the register and consolidated reports, but separate from all others. From the foregoing it will be observed that separate reports will not be required for wliitf^ and for colored troops, nor will separate registers of patients be neces- sary, and all instructions from this office directing such separate reports and registers are revoked. {Cir. No. 1, S. G. 0. Jan. 15, 1886.) attached to a post but not organized into companies. Par. xxx (3) re- quires that the names of such scouts as are sick or injured will be inscribed on the register, but separate from all others. It is not thought necessary to give specific directions as to the precise man- ner in which this separation shall be made, but it is suggested that as cases arise the names, etc., of Indian scouts be entered upon a memorandum or blot- ter, for which purpose a single sheet (Form 30) can be used. On completion of the month's record these names should be placed on the permanent regis- ter and monthly reports in a group by themselves, and at the end of the list, under the heading Indian scouts. Should any remain under treatment at the beginning of the succeeding month their names, etc., will be carried forward. In each instance thev Mill be assigned hospital numbers in the order of their final entry on the register. {Letter S. G. Jan. 24, 1884.) The separate reports for Indian scouts required by par. xxx of Cir. No. 1, S. G. 0., 188G, should I'elate exclusively to such scouts, not only on the register pages of the report, but also under the heading "Command," and in the tables of "Troops present," "Number excused on account of sickness," and "Civilians attached to or with the command." {Letter S. G. Jtdy 2, 1888.) Inserted sheets for report (XXXV). (1) Accompanying the form there will be supplied extra sheets of the register, designated as "Insert A" and "Insert B." (2) The former will be used whenever there is to be recorded a greater number of names than can be contained on one blank, and (3) the latter, SI single half sheet, will bear entries that are written on the first and fourth pages of the report. (4) It is intended that "Insert B" shall form the retained copy of those pages, and at the end of every month's record it will be pasted into the bound volume of the register which is kept at the post. (4) A single leaf Mill be cut out of the book near the binding space and the insert pasted in its place. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) 26 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, Marriages and births (XXVII). (1) To assist in establishing the rights of widows and orphan children of deceased officers and enlisted men of the Army, under the pension and bounty laws of the United States, the register of mar- riages and births on the fourth page, as well as of deaths on the first, should be prepared with the utmost care from data voluntarily furnished by the parties interested, upon explanation of the nature and value of such record. (2) The maiden name of the wife and mother, together with birthplace and age, is re- quired by the practice of the Pension Bureau in proof of identity, and the omis- sion to enter this information might at some future time work injustice to de- serving^claimants. (3) In the register of births a careful note of the sex, date of birth, maiden name of the mother, etc., and the number of children by the mother, will aid in future identification and in a more speedy and certain adjudication of claims for pay, pension, or bounty. (4) If no births, marriages, deaths, or cases of disease worthy of record occur during the month, that fact will be entered on the report. {Cir. No. :\ S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Name, entry of (V). See also II, III. (1) The entry of a patient's name on the register is intended to record the facts in his case, and all important complica- tions from the time he is first excused until his case is disposed of; and for statistical purposes it is requisite (2) that columns VI, VII, VIII, and IX, in which age, race, or nationality, and birthplace are to be noted, should, on the patient's first admission, be very carefully filled. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. O. Sept. 1, 1883.) Columns I to XI and XIII to XV, both inclusive, will be filled in all cases regardless of whether the names of patients appear on previous reports or not. It is intended that the entries in columns VI and IX shall show the patient's age, length of service, and length of residence at station, at the date of latest admission to sick report. Consequently, in case of a patient remaining from a previous month, the entries in columns VI and IX should be repeated as re- corded on the report for the month in which the admission occurred. {Cir. S. G. O. Jan. 17, 1889.) As statistics showing the effect of length of service are desired, there should be recorded in column IX of Form 30 total number of years of service, whether it has been continuous or not. {Dec. S. G. Mar. 4, 1886.) The words race and nationality in column VII of Form 30 should be taken as equivalent to and explanatory of each otlier and not as alternatives. It is not sufficient to say " wliite," as indicating race. It is not sufficient to say "red" or "yellow." If an Indian, the tribe should be given ; and such race dis- tinctions as "Chinese," "Japanese," "Malay," "English," " Scotch," "Irish," "French," "Norwegian," "Swede," "Dane," "Prussian," "Bavarian," "Austrian," " North German," "Hungarian," " Pole," etc., should be used. Such general terms as "Celt," "European," should not be used. Birthplace and nativity are equivalent expressions, and refer to place of birth regardless of parentage. A man born in Ireland, of Irish parents, is Irish, nativity Ireland. A man born in the United States, of Irish parents, is Irish, nativity New York or Ohio, as the case may be. The State should be given when known, instead of the United States. In cases of mixed blood the race of both the father and the mother should he stated, e. g., father Irish, mother Sioux. It is unnecessary to define the terms "foreigners," "Europeans," etc., for such terms should not be used if more definite information can be given. It was by no means contemplated when the new form of register was prepared that the company records or the company officer should be relied upon to furnish information called for. On the contrary, if possible, the data should be elicited directly from the patient, and only in case the facts cannot be so obtained, or when it is believed that the patient's statements require verification, will it become necessary to go to other sources. {Let/ers S. G. Jan. 16, 1884, and Aug. 31, 1889.) The race of colored patients should be designated as negro, mulatto, or quad- roon. {Letter S. G. Dec. 30, 1887.) And qualifying adjectives may be employed, as "light," "dark," or "very light" mulatto. {Letter S. G. Jan. 16, 1884.) The term American is understood at this office to denote persons born in this country who are descendants of Europeans. {End. S. G. June 28, 1884.) MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 27 No SICK TO REPORT (XXXI). (1) If during any month there should be no cases of sickness or injury at any post or with any detachment or command, the reports will nevertheless be forwarded. (2) The station, daily aggregate strength present, and all information that is to be entered on pages 1 and 4 of the blank will be filled in, while (3) the fact that no sick have been treated will be written across the face of pages 2 and 3, {Cir. No. 3, S. G. O. Sept. 1, 1883.) Number (patient's) hospitai- (IV). (1) In column I of the register will be inscribed the i)atieut's number ; (2) these numbers w ill be consecutive, and carried forward indefinitely. (3) So long as a patient is borne upon the sick re))ort he will retain, from month to month, the number under which he was entered. (4) On subsequent admission a new number will be assigned to him ; but, (5) in order that his medical history may be readily traced, his last number will be entered in red ink immediately over the one so given, thus : 825 374 826 Hart, Ernest Smith, Wm Private Sergeant G A 12thlnf'y. 12thlnf'y. {Cir. No. 3, ;S'. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Patients remaining under treatment at last day of month should not be brought forward upon the next report under a new hospital number. {Letters. G. Feb. 25, 1885.) When a patient has been admitted to sick report and returned to duty, and is again admitted, even during the same month, a new number should be assigned to him. [Letter S. G. JMay 16, 1887). And a new entrv of his case made. {Letters. G. Feb. 17, 1888.) Par. xxi (3) of Cir. No. 1, S. G. O., 1886. requiring the number of colored troops to be in red ink, applies only to entries upon the fii-st page of the report under strength of command, and not to patient's number in column I {Letter. S. G. Jnh/ 7, 1886), which should always be in black ink. [Letter S. G. May 20, 1886.) Object of. The object of the report is three-fold : first, to collect through quali- fied observers reliable statistics relative to diseases and injuries occurring among troops of different races and nationalities, and subject to the conditions of locality and climate incident to the militarj' service; second, to show the effects of similar conditions upon women and children accompanying the .'xrmy, and upon the civil ])opulation in the immediate vicinity of militaiy posts and stations ; and lastly, to aid in the establishment of the rights of soldiers and their dependent heirs in the matter of paj', bounty, and pension. With regard to the last-named object, it is desired to impress upon medical officers the fact that eveiy person in tlie military service is liable to become unfitted for the discharge of his duty by reason of disease or injury ; that every complaint, whether grave or trivial, whether contracted in service and line of duty or not, under the operations of the laws regulating pensions, is liable to be made the basis of a claim against the Government. To insure a speedy settlement of such claims, and to ])revent fraud, it is imperative that the medical records, from which a large part of the evidence is derived, sliould be perfect in all par- ticulars. {Cir. No. 3, ^•. (;. O.Sept. 1, 1883.) Patients, numerical summary of (XXIV). (1) The ^'Numerical Summary'^ at the foot of the second and third pages of the form will show the number of patients remaining under treatment from the last month, the number of admis- sions to sick report, whether in hospital or quarters, and whether received imme- diately from the command to which the rei>ort pertains or by transfer from other'commands. The dispusitiou of the sick, i. e., the number returned to 28 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, duty, transferred to another hospital or command, discharged from service, deserted, fiirloughed, or died, will be given, and, lastly, the number remaining under treatment at date of the report. (2) When several sheets are used in preparing the report, the ast two pages will show the totals of all admissions, dispositions, etc., for the month. {Cu: No. 3, ,S. G. 0. Sepl. I, 1883.) Among "Dispositions" in the numerical summary, and beneath the word " Discharged," the words "or retired" should be written, and the case of retired officer dropped under that heading. {Letter S. G. Dec. 16, 1884.) Through error " Furloughed," was placed among the dispositions * * * in par. xxiv (1) of Circular No. 3, 1883. Furloughed men should be enumerated among those remaining under treatment, and not among those disposed of during the month. {Letter 6. G. Feb. 13, 1884.) REGISTER OF (II, III). II. — In Order that the register maybe properly kept, (1) the names of officers and enlisted men who are excused from any part of their military duty on account of disability will be entered, and when contract surgeons are excused from duty on account of sickness their names will be entered iipon the register, but they will not be embraced in the general sum- mary nor in the aggregate strength of conmiand ; (2) christian names and surnames will be written in full ; (3) those treated in quarters will be recorded precisely as those in hospital, the words "In hospital" and "In quarters" being placed in column XI. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) The object of stating whether treatment was given in hospital or quarters is to permit of a more accurate idea of the sickness at a post than can be obtained from the total number on the report. In our service a man must be borne on sick report whenever excused from any part of his duty, hen( e the statement "One hundred men on the sick list" may mean a very different state of affairs according as the statement gains precision by the additions: 10 in hospital, 90 in quarters, or 90 in hospital, 10 in quarters. Any one who has a knowledge of our army medical statistics including the average duration of hospital cases as com- pared with cases treated in quarters can appreciate the value of either of the latter statements ; but the mt're total may mean anything. Moreover, as the distinction is made in certain foreign armies between hospital cases and others, comparisons are more easily instituted when the distinction is made in our reports. There are other reasons, having relation to pension claims, for retaining the distinction between hospital and quarters,— so that under the circumstances the Surgeon General does not think favorably of the proposition to do away with this part of the report. {S. G. April 9, 1890.) In cases of patients first treated in quarters and afterward admitted to hospi- tal, or vice versa, the dates of each event should be given in column XI, oppo- site the original entry, in addition to the date given in column XIII: a second entrv of names is unnecessary unless the patients shall have been returned to duty meanwhile. {Letter S. G. Mar. 6, 1885.) The " date of admission " given in column XIII is the date of admission to sicJc report. {Opin. S. G. Mar., 1890.) III.— (1) Cases prescribed for, but not excused from duty, will not ordinarily be entered upon the register ; (2) but exception maybe made when from the exigencies of the service an officer or soldier continues to perform his duties in spite of manifest disability. (3) In all such instances an explanatory note should be entered under Remarks. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept.l, 1883.) Officers or enlisted men who are excused from any part of their military (hdij because of physical disability are necessarily borne upon the register of patients until they are either returned to full duty, are discharged, are retired from service, desert, die, or are formally transferred to another hospital or command. {Dec. S. G. Juhj 15, 1884.) Officers or enlisted men excused from target practice on account of jthysical disqualification clearly come within the provisions of par. ii (1) of Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0., 1883, and should be borne upon sick report continuously from month to month as long as they are so excused, and until they are returned to full duty, are discharged or retired from service, are formally transferred to some other hospital or command, or until they desert or die. The dates of admission and final disposition should in each instance be recorded in the approi)riate columns as in other cases, and such note made explanatory of the MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARM,Y. 29 duties from Avliich they are excused as may be proper. This course is necessary to preserve an accurate and complete medical history of every soldier, which may in the future be of value to him or to the Government ; but it is not intended to relieve him from any other military duty for which he is com- petent. {Letters S. G. Oct. 11, 1889, and Jidij 29, 1884.) Officer excused from "drills and reveille" for disability, similar instructions. {Letters. G. Dee. 29, 1887.) Soldier excused from "ridino" for disability, similar iiistnutions. {Ldt>:rS. a. Jnhj2, 1888.) A soldier who has been admitted to the sick report of the command may, if the necessity exists, or he is able, be assigned, on recommendation of the medical officer, such duties as he can perform, their nature being indicated in column XV of the Consolidated Report. But until he is returned to full duty the patient's name should be borne upon the register of patients as in all other cases. {Dec. S. G. Oct. 13, 1884.) The entry "Duty" for "Returned to duty" and "Remaining" for "Re- maining under treatment" in column XY uf the n-gister of patients and Con- solidated Report will be quite sufficient. (-S* G. Feb. 13, 1890.) In the case of student officers who are excused for brief periods from school duties merely, and when the sickness is not of such a character as to prevent the performaiic cf tiwir strit-tly military duties, it is not deemed lu'cessary that their iiaino sli-u'.,! appear upon the re,ui>ter of patients. [End. >'. G. Dec. 21, is.sti.) Xo contraction or abbreviation of christian names, should be made, but initials mav be used for middle names. {Letters S. G. Jan. 16, 1881, and .Ij)/-. 1, 1889.) Preparation of (I). (1) Entries will, in every case, be i>lainly and carefully written out, iisiug a moderately coarse pen and permanent black ink. (2) Abbreviations and ditto marks are prohibited ; and (3) erasures beyond the alteration of a siugle unimportant letter are also prohibited ; a red ink line drawn over the entry sufficiently indicates that it is erroneous. (4) The correction will in all cases be authenticated by the initials of the medical officer. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) In preparation for the mail the sheets should be placed one within the other, like a book or pamphlet, and then loosely stitched. The tirst and fourth pages of the form will form the cover, and " Insert A " the leaves. {Dec. S. G. Mar. 18, 1884.) The method of stitching the sheets with a machine weakens the paper for final binding in this office, and should be discontinued. {Dec. S. G. JLu: 14, 1884.) Economy of space should be exercised in filling up the form. It is intended that each" sheet of the report should hold at least twelve names, and if from the brief nature of the entries twenty-four names can be clearly written on one blank it is desired that it should be so filled before using an insert. Further, "Insert A" can be divided so that a half-sheet only need be used, and by that method forty-eight names be provided for without forwarding to this office a superfluous amount of blank paper. {Dec. S. G. Feb. 27, 1884.) To avoid confusion, entries relating to one patient should never encroach upon the space allotted to another patient, but be kept between the lines. {Dec. S. G. 3rar. 8, 1884.) Margins of Consolidated Report should not be trimmed before forwarding the I'eport to this office, as it interferes with the binding. {Dec. S. G.Aug. 23, 1884.) Permission to use nrbber stamps in the preparation of Consolidated Reports should be withheld until a permanent ink can be furnished by the purveying department. {S. G. Dec. 15, 1887.) Prisoners, military (XLI, XLII). (XLI) Military prisoners who have not been discharged the service of the United States will be borne upon the Register of Patients and upon the Consolidated Report as are other troops at the post. 30 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, (XLII ) (1) Militai-y prisoners who, by the terms of their sentence or otherwise, have been discharged the service of the United States, Mill not be borne npou the register pages of Form 30, except in cases of deaths, as provided in par. xiv (1), (2), and (6). (2) The number of such prisoners will not be included under the head of "Command" on page 1 of the Consolidated Report, nor in the ag- gregate number of troops present, but will be entered under the head of " Civilians attached to or with the command," and the number taken sick, etc., will also be entered in the proper columns as in case of other civilians. (3) A brief note stating in general terms the class of diseases for which they are treated will be recorded. (4) All entries upon page 1 of the report regarding such prisoners will be made in red ink. (Cir. No. 2, 8. G. 0. July 12, 1886.) Number of military convicts should be entered under the heading " Civil- ians," ^eparatebi, in red ink. {Letter S. G. Oct. 1(1, 1880.) Cases of military convicts should not be entered in the table "Number ex- cused from duty on account of sickness." {Letter S. G. Nor. 14, 1889.) , Remarks, gkneual (XXVIII). (1) Under "General Remarks," page 4, will be briefly noted any matters of interest pertaining to the medical, hygienic, or sanitary condition of the troops and post, prevalent diseases of the vicinity, etc. (2) Extended reports on these subjects should be made separately and written on one side of the paper only, leaving one inch margin on the left-hand side of every page. (3) Reports of cases and autopsies wall not be entered in the remarks but will be made as directed above. (4) For purposes of authenticati(^i not only will every report bear the signa- ture of the medical officer but the accompanying sheets as well, since they are liable to become detached and misplaced or possibly lost. (5) That such losses may be at once recognized, the medical officer will state at the foot of the fourth page the number of sheets covered by the report. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sejjt. 1, 1883.) The hygienic and sanitary condition of the troops and post are matters of much interest to this office, and a general remark as to whether that condition is good, bad, or indifferent, will be made each month, facts shown upon the monthly sanitary report to the post commander being the basis for such state- ment. {I-:)hL S. G. June 28, 1884.) When the origin of such malarial or contagious diseases can be traced to local causes, a special report on the subject will accompany the " Consolidated Report of the Medical Department," and will also be embodied in the monthly sanitary report to commanding officer of post, with recommendations having in view the correction of the evil. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Nov. 2\), 1884.) Special reports of cases are desirable in any case presenting unusual or inter- esting features. {S. G. Aug. 7, 1888.) When space under "general remarks "Jias been filled, further remarks should be entered in vacant space on preceding^pages immediately below last entry. {Letter S. G. April?,, 1884.) Or if there is no vacant space, an additional half-sheet of "Insert A" should be used and pasted by its binding margin to the outside of the report. {8. G. April 10, 1884.) In either case the writing can be carried on both single and double lines across the page without reference to columns. (See letters cited.) Reports, number to be made, and when forwarded (XXIX). (1) A monthly report is required for the officers and enlisted men of every post, every separate command, and every general hospital ; and before the fifth day of each month this report will be forwarded, in duplicate, one copy to the Surgeon General direct, the other to the medical director of the department in which the troops are serving. (2) The medical officer will retain among the records of his hospital or command a third copy, either in book form or in the portfolios designed for field service. (3) This report will cover the period between the first and last days (inclusive) of each month, or up to the date of the discontinuance of a hospital or command. (4) Fractions of two calendar months should never be included on the same report. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 31 Results (XII). (1) The result of the disease or injury from which tlie patient has suffered, and his disposition, will be written in full in column XV, the date thereof in column XVI. {Cir. No. 3, 8. G. O. i>ept 1, 1883.) Column XVI should be left blank in the case of patients remaining under treatment at the end of month. {Letter ^'. 6'. Nov. 8, 1887.) (2) In case the patient is returned to duty, state whether his cure was com- plete. . {Cir. No. 3, 8. G. 0. Se^it. 1, 1883.) From the condition attending all diseased action it is often, in fact generally, impossible, or unwise, to affirm dogmatically that the cure of a disease is com- plete. When such a statement is made it must necessarily carry with it a reason- able degree of allowance. The character of the disease in question, its tendency to relapse or recur, as known by experience in similar diseases, the probabilities in each case as determined by the disease itself, the constitution and tempera- ment of the patient, and surrounding conditions are all factors which must enter into the statement of completeness of cure. While it is desirable that the limita- tions of disease should be as accurately stated as circumstances will allow, a certain degree of latitude and discretion must be left to the medical officer in determining his opinion in each case. It is, therefore, desired that in answering the queries on the form as to the completeness of the euro the opinion of the medical officer should be given with the greatest degree of accuracy which his knowledge of the patient and his dis- ease will admit. {Letter S. G. March 20, 1884.) (3) If furloughed (absence with leave) his name will be carried forward from month to month until the patient returns, or until a final disposition by dis- charge, desertion, or death is reached. (4) In every case the dates, both of de- parture and return, or the final result will be noted in column XVI. {Cir. No. 3, -S. G. O. Sept. 1, 1883.) Although the term "furlough " is not applicable to officers, yet it is the intent of paragraph xii (3) to require that all patients, whether officers or enlisted men, should be borne continuously upon sick report until a final disposition by transfer or otherwise is reached. {End. S. G. May 7, 1888.) Therefore, an officer who leaves his station on ordinary sick leave of absence should be carried forward continuously upon the register, and included in the '•number excused from duty on account of sickness," and in the numerical summary as remaining under treatment until, first, the expiration of his sick leave ; or, second, until he, or the organization to which he belongs, is assigned to duty at some other station ; or, third, until the patient is known to have been admitted for treatment to some other hospital or command. In either of the second or third events he should be formally transferred and dropped. {Letter S. G. Dee. 21, 1888.) Whenever an officer leaves his station on sick leave of absence with authority to enter the Army and Navy General Hospital at Hot Springs, a transfer slip should be forwarded without delajnto the surgeon in charge of that hospital, • and the case dropped from the sick report of the transferring station, with a note in column XV showing that the sick leave gave authoritv for admission at Hot Springs. {End. S. G. May 7, 1888.) * * * Passes, furloughs, and leaves of absence, whether ordinary or on surgeon's certificate, should be noted from month to month in column XV, as directed in paragraph xii (3) of Circular No. 3, 1883. {Letter S. G. Jnly 3, 1884.) When the status of an officer absent from post on ordinary leave is changed to absent on sick leave his name should be entered upon the register and his case included in the table " number excused from duty on account of sickness," and in the numerical summar}'^ as remaining under treatment, etc., as in other cases of sick leave. {Letter S. G. June 11, 1889.) The finding of a retiring board that an officer borne on sick report is incapaci- tated for active service is, when approved by proper authority, regarded as a final disposition so far as the medical records of his post are concerned, and his case should thereupon be dropped from the register of patients and the numerical tables, with a note i i column XV of such information relative to the cause of the finding as the post surgeon may be able to obtain. In the case of an officer not upon sick report at the time of such finding, the entry upon the register at the time of his departure from post of his name and 32 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, all the facts obtainable, including the nature of the disability found, will be a sufficient record, and the case need not be carried forward or included in the numerical tables. {End. S. G. Dec. 30, 1889.) (5) When a soldier is discharged while on sick report, either by reason of the expiration of his term of service, by sentence of court-martial, hj order, or on surgeon's certificate of disability, state in column XV whether the complaint for which he was under treatment at that time was contracted in the line of duty or not, and the degree of disability. (6) In all cases of discharge for dis- abilit)' a transcript of the surgeon's certificate, and all facts on the certificate of the company commander relative to the origin of the disease, will be entered under Remarks. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Date of discharge, on surgeon's certificate, as given in the post adjutant's letter of notification, should in all cases be recorded in column XVI. {Letter 8. G. March 30, lfc88.) It is not infrequently th e case that a claim for pension is allowed, notwithstand- ing the fact that the claimant was discharged for a cause which, in the opinion of the medical officer signing the certificate of disability, would not entitle him to a pension. For this, and other reasons as well, it is desirable that record should be made of the degree of disability existing at the time of discharge in the case of any soldier borne upon sick report regardless of the cause of dis- charge, whether it be expiration of term of service, special order, or disability of any nature whatever. Paragraph xii (5) of Cir. 3, 1883, directs that this record shall be made in column XV of the register of patients. The require- ments of this paragraph admit of no exceptions. {Letters. G. July 10, 1888.) . In cases of discharge by S, 0., A. G. 0., enter in column XV or under general remarks short transcripts of the order giving the special cause of discharge. {Letter S. G. Nov. 17, 1887.) Certificates of -disability should not be placed upon a report prior to the month in which the soldier is discharged. {Letter S. G. Dec. 24, 1887.) "When a soldier under treatment is discharged from the service he should be dropped from the register of patients as no longer a component })art of the strength of the Army ; and if continued under treatment thereafter, he should be taken up under the heading "civilians " on the first page of the report. In the event of his death, however, subsequent to discharge, his case should be entered upon the register, in compliance with paragraph xiv of Cir. 3, 1883, {Letter S. G. Nov. 26, 1889.) • Discharged soldiers who receive medical attendance should not be included in the " strength of command," but be accounted for under the head of " civilians." {Letter S. G. Jtme 9, 1885.) Cases of retired soldiers should not be entered upon the register of patients except in case of death, but should be accounted for under the head of " civil- ians." {Letter S. G. Jan. 24, 1887.) If under treatment at the date of retirement, retired soldiers should be there- upon drop])cd from the register of patients and taken up under the heading "civilians." {Letter S. G. Atuj. 2/6, 19:9>^.) There is no objection, however, to the entry of the names of retired soldiers upon the register at the Army and Navy General Hospital, Hot Springs. {End.S. G. 3Taij2l, 1887.) Retired soldiers should in no case be included in the " strength of command " or "number excused from duty on account of sickness." {End. S. G. May 21, 1887.) In the event of death subsequent to retirement, case should be entered upon register as within the intent of par. xiv. {Letter S. G. xiug. 23, 1889.) (7) In case of death give the cause, if known ; if not, so state in column XV, appending under Remarks a brief note of all circumstances that may throw light on the subject ; (8) also state whether the disease or injury causing death was contracted in the line of duty. (9) If an autopsy is made, the result will be briefly noted either in column XV or under Remarks, and a more detailed report made on the "Record of Autopsies." MEDICAL COKPS, U. S. AKMY. 33 (10) 111 every case of death of a coin missioned officer an immediate report will be made to tlie Surgeon General by letter. {Cir. Xo. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Transfer books (XXXYII). (1) In all cases of transfer of sick and Avounded siddiers from one command to aiu>ther or to any hospital, or from one hospital to another, medical officers will use slips from the transfer book, Form No. 31. (2) The original slip containing the patient's name, military description, and date of his original admission to sick report, together with his disease or injury, will be filled in by the surgeon, who Avill attach his signature thereto. (3) This will be detached from the book and lorAvarded with the patient in care of a reliable non-commissioned officer, should one be present. (4) On the revei-se of the slip the receiving surgeon will note the admission of the patient to hospital or his further transfer, and (5) send it with the next monthly register to the Surgeon Genera'. (6) When several patients are transferred nt one time the names will be entered in alphabetical order, and (7) the slips of men belonging to the same company and reoiment will be clasped together. (H) The dtiplicate (•()•)!. ■-; of iln' transfei- siin \vi,l be left in the book, and (9) wili U/rm a part of the retained reioi'ds of the h(>s]titiil or command from which the soldier was sent. ( 10) This book is especially intended to meet the case of moving commands whieli, passing vear a ost, may leave one or more sick for treatnieit or where one or more sick men are transferred from (»ne post to another for the sake of bett r hospital accommodations ; by a (aiefii! nse of the same, difficulties in tracing out tlie soldier's medical history will lie materially lessened and the dup'ication of his case avoided. {t'ir. Xo. 3, 8. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Transfer to the Government Insane Asylum should )»c noted in column TIY of the register of i)atients, and a transfer slip containing a copy of the certificate that accompanied the soldier sent to this office. {Letter S. G. Jmie 24, 1886.) Patients transfencil to the Government Hospital for , Ik; Insane should be dropped tioni sick report at date of transfer, as in other cases. {L,tlvr S. G. April I'i, 1888.) Transfers froini another hospital or commanh (XI). (1) In all cases when patients are received into post or general hospitals from other hospitals or independent commands, the fact will be noted in column XIV ot the register, together with (2) the name of the hospital or command whence received, (3) the di>ease or injury and date of original admission to sick report beiiig taken from transfer slips that accompany the soldier. (4) In cju-e no slips are re- ceived the information will, if possible, be elicited from the patient or other reliable source. {Cir. Xo. 3, N. (;. 0. Sept. 1, 1KS3.) All information on transfer slips, in tlie case of patients received from other sources, should be entered upon the I'eport. {S. G. Get. 4, i6a4.) In cases of transfer the entry in column XIV should state the name of com- mand or hospital from which the patient was transferred and the date of original entry on sick report — the date of admission to sick rejiort of the station to which transferred being given in column XIII. [L'-tter S. G. Jul// 2, 1888.) Vaccination report (XXV). (1) The vaccination report is placed upon the fourth page of the blank. The number of officers and men vaccinated or re- vaccinated successfully or unsuccessfully during the month will here be entered in ordinary numerals. (2) The vaccination of those not belonging to the military service is not to be reported in this place. (3) When jio vaccina- tions are made, a statement to that effect will be entered in the space for Remarks. (4) That the results of vaccination may be correctly reported, it is necessary for the medical officer to personally inspect every case between the fourth and ninth day after the operation. By following this rule, in primary vaccinations at least, he will be able to state definitely whether it is a success or a failure. In revaccination the determination is more difficult, for when the soldier bears well-marked scars of former vaccinations it must be expected that, because of the protection thus afforded, departures from the typical vaccinal pustule will be frequent. (5) With a view of securing, so far as possible, uniformity in the reports, it will be proper to consider every revaccination successful when one or more jmall umbilicated vesicles, surrounded by a bright aureola, appear as 34 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, a result of the oix'ration between the third and eiglith day, though they do not subsequently progress to maturity. (6) Doubtful cases should, of course, be considered as failures. (7) In case the soldier is transferred from his company or station before the results of his vaccination can be ascertained, the medical officer will report hi.s case as undetermined, both upon Form No. oO, and upon his descriptive list ; or, if a rerruit, upon the descrii)tive and assignment rolls accompanying him. On the soldier's arrival at his new station the surgeon there in charge, having entered his vaccinal history in the record of the company to which he is finally assigned, in compliance with the requirements of G. O. No. 18, A. G. 0., B'ebru- ary 11, 1881, and G. 0. No. 1, A. G. 0., January 2, 1883, will forward to the officer who performed the operation a letter stating the result of this undeter- mined vaccination. {Cir. No. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) When vaccinations are undetermined at the time a report is forwarded, the results should be recorded in the column of Remarks, under the heading "vaccinations," upon the succeeding report. {End. S. G. Oct. 29, 1889.) Wounded, lists of, after ijattee (XXXIII). (1) Within two days after an engagement, lists of wounded will be prepared in duplicate on pages 2 and 3, Form 30, and transmitted through the chief medical officer of the com- mand to the medical director. (2) It is enjoined upon medical officers to prepare these lists with the strictest accuracy, all men treated at that time being entered thereon. (M) ("are will be taken to state in column XI Miiether the wound is a flesh wound, or alracturo, or wound of a cavity ; also, its ])artic- ular location, and wliethei- it i- iicnctrating or ]ici-foratiiig : tlio uatun; of the missile or other cause of injury will be noted. (4) At the lu-ad of every sheet of these lists the medical ohicer will specify the geographical location of the engagement and its date, while (6) under Remarks, the action will be briefly described, giving the losses on both sides, so far as the same may be known, {('ir. So. 3, S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) Writing, marginal, prohibitfj) (XXXIV). (1) It isinleuded that the Consolidated Report and its accompanying register sheets shall Ultimately be bound in book form, and (2) for this reason no writing shonldhc ])laccd upon the margins or binding si)aces of the blanks. Exix'rieuce lias shown tliat from constant use the margins always become worn and often torn, and that inscriptions so made must in time be lost ; the binding spaces are necessarily out of sight. {Cir. Xo. 3, ,S'. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1883.) CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF HOSPITALS AND HOSPITAL STEW- ARDS' QUARTERS. See Hospitals and Hospital Stewards' Quarters. CONTAGIOUS OR INFECTIOUS DISEASES TO BE SPECIALLY INVESTI- GATED. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) CONTRACT SURGEON. See Acting x\ssistant Surgeon. CONT«ACT WITH ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEON. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. CONVICTS, MILITARY. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Prisoners.) COOK. See Hospital Corps. (Definition of Term.) See, also, Hospital Fund. COOKERY AND KITCHEN MANAGEMENT. See Hospital Corps. COOKING. See Hospital Corps. COOKS AND NURSES. See Extra-duty Pay. COPYING PRESSES. See Official Records. CORPS, HOSPITAL. See Hospital Corps. CORRECTION OF ERRORS OF DIAGNOSIS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Diagnosis.) MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 35 CORRECTIONS IN CONSOLIDATED REPORT OF THE MEDICAL DEPART- MENT. See Consol. Rep. of 3Ied. Dept. (Preparation of.) CORRESPONDENCE, OFFICIAL. See Official Correspondence. COST OF DISINFECTING CLOTHING, ETC. See I^sinfection of Clothing. COWS AND FORAGE. See Hospital Fund. CREDIT FOR SERVICE AS A RECRUIT UNDER INSTRUCTION. See Hos- pital Corps. CRUTCHES. Crutches are not furnished by the Government to disabled soldiers, except for their use while actually in the service. {S. G. 1884.) CURES, COMPLETENESS OF. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Results.) DATE OF ENLISTMENT OF HOSPITAL STEWARD. See Hospital Steward. DATE OF ARRIVAL OF AN ACTING HOSPITAL STEWARD. See Acting Hospital Steward. DATING OF CONTRACT WITH ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEON. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. DEATH AND DISCHARGE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. DEATH . See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Death by Homicide or Suicide.) (Results.) See, also, Hospital Corps. DECEASED CIVILIAN EMPLOYES. See Civilian Employes. DEFINITION OF TERMS. See Hospital Corps. DENTAL OPERATIONS. Not CHAKcyEABLE to United States. The Government will incur no expense for dental operations. {8. G. Feb. 26, 1873.) DENTIST. There is no authority for such appointment, and no person has ever been employed in such a capacity. (zS. G. 1882.) DEPOTS, PURVEYING. See Purveying Depots. DEPOTS, RECRUITING. See Hospital Corps. DESERTIONS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. DESIGNATION OF COMMAND. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Command.) DETACHED DUTY. See Hospital Corps. DETACHMENT FUND. See Hospital Corps. DETAIL. See Acting Hospital Steward; Hospital Corps (of a soldier.) (Recruits under Instruction.) Ice Machines. DIAGNOSIS. See Company Sick Report Book; see, also, Consol. Rep. Med. Dept. (Correction of errors.) DIAGNOSIS, AWAITING. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) DIPSOMANIACS AND MILITARY PRISONERS. See Army and Navy General Hospital. DIRECTORS, MEDICAL. See Medical Directors. 36 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, DISABILITY. See Cousol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Disability, Certificates of.) (Duty, Willful aggravation of.) See, also, Transfer of Enlisted Men. DISCHARGE. See Consol. Rep. of Med, Dept. (Notification of Soldier's) ; see, also, Hospital Corps. (Character.) (Drunkenness.) (Member of, when discharged.) (Discharge from, etc.) See, also. Opium habit. DISCHARGE FROM SERVICE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Results.) DISCHARGE PAPER, FINAL. See Hospital Corps. (Character, notation of.) DISCIPLINE. See Hospital Corps. (Change of station.) DISEASES. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) (Command.) (Diseases, Intercurrent.) (Duty.) DISEASE OR INJURY. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) (Duty, line of.) DISINFECTANTS. Under the decision of the Acting Secretary War, disinfectants for general use at military posts will be issued by the Medical Deimrtmeut, upon the requisition of the medical officer. The following disinfectants are now on hand, and will be issued in the amounts specified, based upon the ordinary necessities of a one-company post, for a period of one year : Chloride of lime, in 10-lb. jars 200 lbs. Solution of chlorinated soda, in 2-lb. bottles 12 lbs. Carbolic acid, 95 per cent., in 1-lb. bottles 24 lbs. Corrosive chloride of mei'cury, in 1-lb. bottles 1 lb. Sulphate of iron (commercial) 100 lbs. For the puposes of general post sanitation, the use of solutions of chloride of lime (strength 4 to 8 oz. to one gallon soft water), of corrosive sublimate (1 to 4,000 to 10,000), of carbolic acid (5 per cent, strength), are recommended as effi- cient disinfectants and antiseptics, the choice being dependent upon the vary- ing necessities of each post. It must be borne in mind that the solution of corrosive sublimate, especially, becomes decomposed in the presence of lead, tin, and copper, and that lead pipes exposed to its action become brittle and worthless. As a disinfectant and deodorizer of privy vaults and cesspools, and for use in covering large superficial areas, the use of chloride of lime mixed with clean dry sand in the proportion of 1 of lime to 9 of sand, as recommended by Dr. Stern- berg, is approved. For the special use of disinfectants in hospitals, sick-rooms, etc., and during the prevalence of infectious diseases, the medical officer is referred to Circular No. 3, of April 21, 1885, from this office. (Cir. No. 3, ^. G. 0. Ang. 25, 1886.) See Acting Assistant Surgeon ; Disinfection and Disinfectants ; Disinfection of Clothing. DISINFECTION AND DISINFECTANTS. Preliminary report on, made by THE committee ON DISINFECTANTS OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIA- TION. The object of disinfection is to prevent the extension of infectious dis- eases by destroying the specific infectious material which gives rise to them. This is accomplished by the use of disinfectants. There can be no partial disinfection of such material ; either its infecting power is destroyed or it is not. In the latter case there is a failure to dis- infect. Nor can there be any disinfection in the absence of infectious material. It has been proved for several kinds of infectious material that its specific infecting power is due to the presence of living micro-organisms, known in a general way as " disease germs ;" and practical sanitation is now based upon the belief that the infecting agents in all kinds of infectious material are of this nature. Disinfection, therefore, consists essentially in the destruction of disease germs. MEDICXL CORPSj U. S. ARMY. 37 Popularly, the term disinfection is iised in a much broader sense. Any- chemical agent which destrojs or masks bad odors, or which arrests putrefactive decomposition, is spoken of as a disinfectant. And in the absence of any infec- tious disease it is common to speak of disinfecting a foul cesspool, or bad- smelling stable, or privy-vault. This popular use of the term has led to much misapprehension, and the agents which have been found to destroy bad odors — deodorizers — or to arrest putrefactive decomposition — antiseptics — have been confidently recommended and extensively used for the destruction of disease germs in the excreta of patients with cholei'a, typhoid fever, etc. The injurious consequences which are likelj' to result from such misappre- hension and misuse of the word disinfectant will be appreciated when it is known that : Recent researches have demonstrated that many of the agents which have been found useful as deodorizers, or as antiseptics, are entirely without value for the destruction of disease germs. This is true, for example, as regards the sulphate of iron or copperas, a salt which has been extensively used with the idea that it is a valuable disinfectant. As a matter of fact, sulphate of iron in saturated solution does not destroy the vitality of disease germs or the infecting power of material containing them. This salt is, nevertheless, a very valuable antiseptic, and its low price makes it one of the most available agents for the arrest of putrefactive decomposition in privy- vaults, etc. Antiseptic agents also exercise a restraining influence upon the development of disease germs, and their use during epidemics is to be recommended, when masses of organic material in the vicinity of human habitations cannot be com- pletely destroyed, or removed, or disinfected. While an antiseptic agent is not necessarily a disinfectant, all disinfectants are antiseptics ; for putrefactive decomposition is due to the development of "germs" of the same class as that to which the disease germs belong, and the agents which destroy the latter also destroy the bacteria of putrefaction when brought in contact with them in sufficient quantity, or restrain their develop- ment when present in smaller amounts. A large number of the proprietary "disinfectants," so called, which are in the market, are simply deodorizers or antiseptics, of greater or l»:'ss value, and are entirely untrustworthy for disinfecting purposes. Antiseptics are to be used at all times when it is impracticable to remove filth from the vicinity of human habitations, but they are a poor substitute for cleanliness. During the prevalence of epidemic diseases, such as yellow fever, typhoid fever, and cholera, it is bettor to use, in privy-vaults, cess-pools, etc., those antiseptics which are also disinfectants — i. e., germicides ; and when the contents of such receptacles are known to be infected, this becomes imperative. Still more important is the destruction at our sea-port quarantine stations of infectious material which has its origin oiitside of the boundaries of the United States, and the destruction, within our boundaries, of infectious material given off from the persons of those attacked with any infectious disease, whether im- ported or of indigenous origin. In the sick room we have disease germs at an advantage, for we know where to find them as well as how to kill them. Having this knowledge, not to apply it would be criminal negligence, for our efforts to restrict the extension of infectious diseases must depend largelj' upon the proper use of disinfectants in the sick room. General Directions. Dmnfection of excreta, etc. — The infectious character of the dejections of patients suffering fl'om cholera and from typhoid fever is well established ; and this is true of mild cases and of the earliest stages of these diseases as well as of severe and fatal cases. It is probable that epidemic dysentery, tuberculosis, and perhaps diphtheria, yellow fever, scarlet fever and typhus fever may also be transmitted by means of the alvin|kiischarges of the sick. It is, therefore, of the first importance that these should De disinfected. In cholera, dii>htheria, yellow fever, and scarlet fever, all vomited material should also be looked upon ORDERS AND DECI^ONS, as infectious. And in tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and infectious pneu- monia, the sputa of the sick should be disinfected or destroj^ed by fire. It seems advisable also to treat the urine of patients sick with an infectious disease with one of the disinfecting solutions below recommended. Chloride of lime, or bleaching powder, is, perhaps, entitled to the first place for disinfecting excreta, on account of the rapidity of its action. The following standard solution is recommended : Standard Solution No. 1. Dissolve chloride of lime of the best quality* in soft water, in the proportion of four ounces to the gallon. Use one pint of this solution for disinfection of each discharge in cholera, typhoid fever, etc. Mix well and leave in vessel for at least ten minutes before throwing into privy-vault or water-closet. The same directions apply for the disinfection of vomited matters. Infected sputum should be discharged directly into a cup half full of the solvition. Standard Solution No. 2. Dissolve corrosive sublimate and permanganate of potash in soft water, in the proportion of two drachms of each salt to the gallon. This is to be used for the same purposes and in the same way as Standard Solu- tion No. 1. It is equally effective, but it is necessary to leave it for a longer time in contact With the material to be disinfected — at least au hour. The only advantage which this solution has over the chloride of lime solution consists in the fact that it is odorless, while the odor of chlorine in the sick room is con- sidered bv some persons objectionable. The cost is about the same.f It must be remembered that this solution is highly poisonous. It is proper, also, to call attention to the fact that it will injure lead pipes if passed through them in considerable quantities. Standard Solution No. 3. To one part of Labarraque's Solution, (liquor sod* chlorinatfe) add five parts of soft water. This solution is more expensive J than the solution of chloride of lime, and has no special advantages for the purposes mentioned. It may, however, be used in the .same manner as recommejided for Standard Solution No. 1. The following powder is also recommended for the disinfection of excreta in the sick room and of privy- vaults, etc.: Disinfecting and Antiseptic Powder. One pound of chloride of lime ; one ounce of corrosive sublimate ; nine pounds of plaster of Paris. Pulverize the corrosive sublimate and mix thoroughly with the plaster of Paris. Then add the chloride of lime and mix well. Pack in paste-board boxes or in wooden casks. Keep diy. As an antiseptic and deodorizer this powder is to be sprinkled upon the surface of excreta, etc. * Note — Good chloride of lime should contain at least 25 per cent, of available chlorine. (See preliminary report of committee on disinfectants: The Medical News, Philadelphia, February 7, 1885, page 147.) It may be purchased by the quan- tity at 5 cents per pound. The cost of the standard solution recommended is there- fore less than two cents a gallon. A clear solution may be obtained by filtration or by decantation, but the insoluble sediment does no harm, and this is an unnecessary refinement. f Corrosive sublimate costs about 70 cents a pound, and permanganate of potash G5 cents a pound, by the single pound. This makes the cost of Standard Solution No. 2 a little more than two cents a gallon. I We assume that the solution used will contain at leasts percent, of available chlo- rine, which would give us 0.5 per cei^ in the diluted solution. The cost per gallon of the undiluted solution should noPbe more than fifty cents bj^ the quantity. This would make our standard solution cost between eight and nine cents a gallon. MEDICAL COKPS, U. S. AKMY. 39 To (lisiiifoct excreta in the sick room, cover the entire surface with a thin layer uf the iidwder — one-fourth inch in thickness — and if the material is not liquid i»our on sufficient water to rover it. Disinfection of the person.— Iha surface of the body of a sick person, or of his attendants, when soiled with infectious discharges, should be at once cleansed with a suitable disinfecting agent. For this purpose Standard Solution No. 3 may be used. In disea,ses like small-pox and scarlet fever, in which the infectioiis agent is given off from the entire surface of the body, occasional ablutions with La- barraque's Solution, diluted with twenty parts of water, will be more suitable than the strongest solution above recommended. In all infectious diseases the surface of the body of the dead should be thoroughly washed with one of the standard solutions above recommended, and then enveloped in a sheet saturated with the same. Disinfection of clothing. — Boiling for half an hour will destroy the vitality of all known disease germs, and there is no better way of disinfecting clothing or bedding which can be washed than to put it through the ordinary operations of the laundry. No delay should occur, however, between the lime of remov- ing soiled clothing from the person or bed of the sick and its immersion in boiling water, or in one of the following sohitions ; and no article should be permitted to leave the infected room until so treated. Standard Solution No. 4. Dissolve corrosive sublimate in water* in the proportion of four oun< os to the gallon, and add one drachm of permanganate of potash to each gallon to give color to the solution. One fluid ounce of this standard solution to the gallon of water will make a suitable solution for the disinfection of clothing. The articles to be disinfected must be thoroughly soaked with the disinfecting solution and left in it for at least two hours, after which they may be wrung out and sent tothe wash. N. B. — Sohitions of nfrrosice sublimate should not be placed in metal receptacles, for the salt is decomposed and the mercury precipitated by contact with copper, lead, or tin. A wooden tub or earthen crock is a suitable receptacle fur such • solutions. Clothing may also be disinfected by immersion for two hours in a solution made by diluting Standard Solution No. 1 with nine parts of water — one gallon in ten. This solution is preferable for g«'neral use, especially during the prev- alence of epidemics, on account of the possibility of accidents from the poisonous nature of Standard Solution No. 4. When diluted as directed this solution may, however, be used without danger from poisoning through the medium of clothing immersed in it, or by absorption through the hands in washing. A poisonous dose could scarcely be swallowed by mistake, owing to the metallic taste of the solution, and the considerable quantity' which would be required to produce a fatal effect — at least half a pint. (^lothing and bedding which cannot be washed may be disinfected by expos- ure to dry heat in a j)roperly constructed disinfecting chamber for three or four honrs. A temperature of 230° Fah. should be maintained during this time, and the clothing must be freely exposed — /. e., not folded or arranged in piles or bundles, for the i^enetrating power of dry heat is very slight. The limitations with reference to the use of dry heat as a disinfectant are stated in a "Preliminary Report of the Committee on Disinfectants," published in The Medical News, Philadelphia, March 14, 1885. The temperature above mentioned will not destroy the spores of bacilli — e. g., of the anthrax bacillus, but is effective for the destruction of all disease germs which do liot form spores ; and there is good reason to believe that this list includes small-pox, cholera, yellow fever, diphtheria, erj^sipelas, puerperal fever, and scarlet fever (?) Moi-t heat is far more effective, and it is demon- strated that ten minutes exposure to steam at a temperature of 230° Fahr. will destroy all known disease germs, including the most refractory spores. In the absence of a suitable disinfecting chamber, it will be necessary to burn infected clothing and bedding, the value of which would be destroyed by immer- sion in boiling water or in one of the disinfecting solutions recommended. * Mercuric chloride (corrosive sublimate) is slluble in cold water in the proportion of one part in sixteen. Solution is greatly facilitated by heat. 40 OKDERS AND DECISIONS, Disinfection of the sick room. — In the sick room no disinfectant can take the place of free ventilation and cleanliness. It is an axiom in sanitary science that it is impracticable to disinfect an occujjied apartment, for the reason that disease germs are not destroyed by the piesence in the atmosphere of any known disinfectant in respirable quantity. Bad odors may be neutralized, but this does not consti- tute disinfection in the sense in whicli the term is here used. These bad odors are, for the most part, an Indication of want of cleanliness, or of proper ventila- tion ; and it is better to turn contaminated air out of the window, or up the chimney, than to attempt to purify it by the use of volatile chemical agents, such as carbolic acid, chlorine, etc., which arc all more or less offensive to the sick, and are useless so far us disinfection — i)roperly so-called — is concerned. When an apartment which has been occuped by a person sick with an infectious disease is vacated, it should be disinfected. But it is hardly worth while to attempt to disinfect the atmosphere of such an apartment, for this will escape through an open window and be replaced by fresh air from without, while preparations are being made to disinfect it. Moreover, experience shows that the infecting power of such an atmospliere is quicKly lost by dilution, or by the destruction of floating disease germs through contact with oxygen, and that even small-pox and scarlet fever are not transmitted to any great distance through the atmosphere, while cholera, typhoid fever, and yellow fever are rarely, if ever, contracted by contact with the sick, or by respiring the atmos- phere of the ai)artments occupied J)y them. Th(^ object of disinfection in the sick room is, mainly, the d<'struction of infectious material attached to surfaces, or deposited as dust upon Avindow-ledges, in crevices, etc. If the room has been properly cleansed and ventilated while still occupied by the sick jK-rson, and esi)ecially if it was stripped of cari)ets and unnecessary furniture at the outset of liis attack, the difficulties of disinfection will be greatly reduced. All surfaces should be thoi-oughly washed with a solution of corrosive subli- mate of the strength of one part in l,0(iO parts of water, which may be conven- iently' made by adding four ounces of Standard Solution No. 4 to the gallon, or '. ?>, S. G. O. April 21, 1885.) DISINFECTION OF CLOTHING, BEDDING, Etc. In connection with pars. 2:508 and 2:}0{> (Army Regulations lfi2r> and 1626, 1880) of the Regulations as amended by General Order 63, August 7, 1883, and General Order 24, April 28, 1888, Headquarters of the Army, Adjutant General's Office, the following re- marks are published for the information of medical officers : The medical officer has discretionary powers wiiich are based on his knowl- edge of specific contagions and methods of disinfection. The efficiency of many of these methods are now so well established that they supersede the necessity for burning. Boiling in water may be relied upon to destroy the infection of cholera, yel- low fever, diphtheria, tj'phoid, and the eruptive fevers ; and some chemical *Oue litre of sulphur dioxide weighs 29 grammes. To obtain ten litres of gas it is necessary to burn completely fifteen grammes of " flowers of suiidiur "' (Yallin). 42 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, solutions, such as corrosive sublimate (onedrachm to the gallon of water), chlo- rinated lime (one ounce to the gallon), or solution of chlorinated soda diluted with nine volumes of water, are equally efficient when properly applied. More- over, the experience of public health officers warrants full confidence in the power of sulphur fumigation to overcome the contagion of small-pox, and authorizes its use in yellow fever, scarlet fever, measles, and diphtheria. Bed-linen, blankets, and under-clothing suspected or known to harbor con- tagion may be treated by boiling while undergoing the processes of the laundry, to which their condition, irrespective of contagion, would require them to be subjected. If there is danger in transporting them to the laundry they should be first soaked for two or three hours in one of the disinfectant solutions men- tioned. Many articles may be conveniently disinfected, without injury to texture or color, by sulphur, during the fumigation of the room in which the patient was treated. Each article should be unfolded and freely exposed to the sulphurous acid. Tlie fumigation should last for twenty-four hours, during which three pounds of sulphur should be consumed for every thousand feet of cubic space, the room having been made as air-tight as possible, and due pre- cautions taken against danger from fire. Articles of outer wear arc best treated by steam, where facilities exist for its application. Destruction by fire is but one of several means by \fhich the end in view may be accomplished. It is allowable only when disinfection by other menus would cost more than the value of the articles, as in the case of clothes and bedding that are so worn out as not to be worth the trouble of disinfection ; mattresses and pillows that would require the penetration of superheated steam to give reliable results ; certain articles of outer clothing that would be spoiled by any other process than steaming ; and tents, when the contagious disease that called for tlieir use is at an end. {Cir. S. G. 0. May 1, 1888.) DISINFECTION OF CLOTHING. Cost of. The certified cost of cleaning, by disinfection, the clothing and equipage shall be borne by the Quartermaster's Department. (Clothing appropriation.) {Opin. Q. M. G., concurred in by S. of W. July 9, 1888.) DOCUMENT, OFFICIAL. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. DRILL OF COMPANY BEARERS. See Rifles for Drill. DRILL OF HOSPITAL CORPS. See Hospital Corps. DRIVER, AMBULANCE. See Hospital Corps. (Definition of terms in.) DRUGGIST. See Medicines. (Exchange of.) DRUNKENNESS. See Hospital Corps. DURABLE PROPERTY. See Hospital Fund. DUTIES OF HOSPITAL MATRON. See Hospital Matron. DUTY, DETACHED. See Hospital Corps. DUTY. See Company Sick Report. See, also, Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Line of.) ECONOMY OF SPACE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Preparation of.) EFFECTS OF DECEASED CIVILIAN EMPLOYES. See Civilian Employes. ELECTRIC APPARATUS. Instructions relative to the use, care, and preser- vation OF. The following instructions relative to the use, care, and preservation of electric apparatus, issued by the 3Iedical Department, are published for the information and guidance of all concerned : The frequent reports of medical officers of the failure or inefficiency of the electric apparatus supplied to them, and an examination of such as have been forwarded to the Surgeon General's Office tVom posts, point to the necessity for some suggestions as to the care of these instruments. MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 43 At present there are two kinds in use in the Armj^ Medical Department, viz : Mcintosh's combined galvanic and faradic and Flemming's faradic appai*atus — excellent instruments, which, for general use, leave little to be desired ; and their durability and efficiency depend largely upon the care taken of them. It should be borne in mind that the integrity of the battery-cells is of the first importance. This includes the condition of the batterj'-fluid and of the zinc and carbon plates. The bichromate solution with which these cells are charged gradually changes its color, and when this becomes a decidedly greenish black it may be taken for granted that it is time to renew it. The passage of a current from the cells and along the conducting-wires may be prevented by very trifling causes. To insure efficient action the zinc and car- bon plates should always be well cleaned after use, and the carbons should be occasionally soaked in hot water. By this means the products of chemical ac- tion within the cell, which might otherwise adhere to the plates, and, in the case of the carbons, be absorbed, will be removed. The latter are very fragile, and should therefore be handled with great care. It is well to let the apparatus remain open a short time after use. The cells should never be much more than half filled with battery-fluid, and to prevent this fluid from creeping upward a coating of paraffin on the upper part of the plates will be found to be of value. A neglect of this or some equiv- alent precaution, particularly in the case of Flemming's battery, may cause much inconvenience by contact of the fluid with the binding-screws. It is of importance that all metallic connections be kept bright, and before use they should be carefully examined to see that they are so, for a slight taint of dirt or oxidization on them will impair the strength of the current or even arrest its passage. It will be found that the wires will occasionally need attention. In time they become somewhat^xidized, and their use as current-carriers diminished. They may also become loosened from the pin with which they are connected, contact being thus made imperfect. It not unfrequently happens that some of the strands break, with obvious results. A battery should always be kept dry and the zinc plates well amalgamated. The latter can be insured by dissolving a little bisul- phate of mercury in the battery-fluid. It may here be well to state that the used up batterj'-fluid must never be poured into the sewer service of the hospital, for the reason that globules of mercury from the cells may find a lodgment in a bend of the lead pipe. Should such an accident happen, a hole in the pipe would prob- ably be the result. It need hardly be urged that after use the elements (zinc and carbons) should be removed from the fluid. It is important that the metallic parts of the electrodes should be kept bright and the sponges clean. A disregard of this precaution may considerably dimin- ish the amount of electricity passing into a patient's body; and a sponge made foul by the absorption of the decomposed metal may very largely increase the resistance to the passage of a current from otherwise clean electrodes. A temporary arrest of the current may take place by polarization within the cell — the liberated gases (oxygen and hydrogen) adhering to the zinc and car- bon plates, respectively — not a frequent occurrence, however, in these batteries. Should it occur, a vigorous shake of the cells or a sudden removal and replace- ment of the plates will generally suffice to overcome this. The method of replacing used up plates with new ones can best be studied when the old ones are removed ; it is an operation which presents no difficulties. In spite of the observance of that degree of care which is necessary to insure success in the use of a battery, something may go wrong, and instead of a full supply of electricity, but a feeble current, or none at all, may flow. In such a case it is neces- sary to examine the apparatus carefully and sj'stematically, and it will probably be found that some little oversight has occurred, possibly included in the fore- going hints. A good way to test a galvanic battery, in the absence of a galvanometer, is to place the pins at the ends of the conducting-wires into a solution of iodide of potassium contained in a porcelain capsule. A very feeble continuous current can thus be detected by the decomposition of the salt, free iodine being given off at the positive pole. This test will also, it will be seen, resolve a doubt as to the poles. A battery in good working order will decompose a solution of this salt with a slight sizzing sound with onlj"^ one cell working, and it increases in strength as cells are added. A little experience will enable one to judge pretty surely 44 ORDEliS AND DECISIONS, whether or not his battery is in good working order by this test. Another test, a physiological one, and not quite so safe, is to apply a pole to the tongue while another is placed upon the back of the neck or in the palm of the hand. The experimenter will experience a slight burning sensation upon the tongue, accom- panied by a peculiar metallic taste. It would not be advisable to use more than five or six cells if the battery is found, on experiment with two, three, or four cells, to be active. Another experiment, which should also be carefully made with from one to five cells, is to place one pole upon the back of the neck and the other upon the forehead, making and breaking contact a few times. With a battery in good working order three cells will by this method often cause flashes of light to be seen. Still another test is to bring the pins at the end of the con ducting-wires together. A spark will be seen upon closing the circuit if the battery is in good order, even with one or two cells — the strength and brilliancy of the spark increasing as cells are added. The test of a faradic is simpler than that of a galvanic battery, it being only necessary to complete a circuit by taking a pole in each hand. If it is in good working order a gentle current will suffice to cause muscular contractions in the arms and hands of the experimenter. It cannot be too strongly insisted upon that these instruments are not play- things ; that they are issued to:medical officers for use in the treatment of dis- ease ; that they constitute an important part of their therapeutical armamen- tarium ; and that while skillfully applied they may be of great service, quite as certainly may they be productive of much harm if ignorantly used. It is, there- fore, strictly enjoined upon medical officers that they must not be intrusted for use to the families of residents at the military posts, but in all cases must be used under their personal supervision. {Cir. S. G. O. Oct. 12, 1888.) EMERGENCIES. See Hospital Corps. EMERGENCY CHANGES. See Hospital Corps. EMERGENCY TRANSFERS. See Hospital Corps. EMPLOYES, CIVILIAN. See Civilian Employes. EMPLOYI^S OF CONTRACTORS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Command.) EMPLOYMENT. See Dentist. See, also, Acting Assistant Surgeon. ENLISTED MEN. See Army and Navy General Hospital; Company Sick Report; Medical Attendance ; Medical Attendance and Medicines ; Transfer of Enlisted Men. ENLISTMENT. See Hospital Steward. (Date of.) See, also, Hospital Corps. ENLISTMENTS OR RE-ENLISTMENTS IN HOSPITAL CORPS. See Hos- pital Corps. ENTRIES. See Company Sick Report Book. See, also, Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Preparation of.) EPITOME OF REGULATIONS FOR TRANSFER TO THE HOSPITAL CORPS. See Hoi^pital Corps. EQUIPAGE. See Hospital Corps. (Beds and bedding.) (Responsibility for.) EQUIPMENT. See Hospital Corps. ERASURES. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Preparation of.) ERRORS OF DIAGNOSIS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Diagnosis.) ESTIMATES. See Hospitals and Hospital Stewards' Quarters. (For construction and repair of.) See, also, Hospital Repairs. MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 45 EXAMINATION. See Hospital Stewards and Acting Hospital Stewards. See, also, Post-mortem Examimitiou. EXCHANGE OF MEDICINES. See Medicines. EXCUSE FROM DUTY. See Company Sick Report. EXPEN DITU RES. See Hospital Fund. (Details of.) EXTRA-DUTY PAY. Of enlistkd aikn N(it mkmbers of the Hospital Corps, who HAVE BEEN DETAILED AS COOKS (iK NT USES. Suljject: Extra-dutj pay of cooks and nurses in hospital during fiscal years ending June 30, 1887, and June 30, 1888. Rights iinder Section 1287, R. S., after passage of act approved March 1, 1887 (24 Stat., 435), providing for the Hospital Corps of the Army. It has been decided that where a statute provides pay for certain specific serv- ices, and no appropriation is made by Congress to pay for such services in any particular year, the amounts earned iinder the statute are nevertheless due and may be certified bj' the accounting officers. * * The question presented is as to the date on which extra-duty pay to soldiers detailed for service as cooks and nurses in hospitals must cease, under the provision of the act of March 1, 1887. It may be considered well settled that the acts of Congress changing the organization of the Army, and which of necessity take time to carry into effect, do not change the status or rights of individuals until the act is carried into effect. It seems clear, therefore, that the extra-duty paj^ to cooks and nurses in hospitals continues, under Section 1287, R. S., until the General Orders No. 5ti of 1887 could be put into operation at the place where the soldier was serving. The facts in these cases suggest a probability of some difficulty in securing enlistments in, or transfers to, the Hospital Corps of suitable persons to perform the duties required. As the Act of March 1, 1^87, does not immediately repeal so much of Section 12S7, R. S., as authorizes payment of extra-duty pay for services as cooks and nurses in hospitals, and as the Hospital Corps is not to be included in the ef- fective strength of the Army (see ^^ection 1 of the act), it follows that it is not in the power of the War Department to tranfer a soldier in the Army to the Hospital Corps without his consent ; it would seem, therefore, that effect can be given to the act of IMarch 1, 1887, only to the extent that the War Department is able to secure enlistments and transfers under the act. The result of such a conclusion is, that so long as a soldier, not a«member of the Hospital Corps, is detailed to perform extra duty as cook or nurse in hospital (for a period of not less than ten days' duration), he must be allowed the extra-duty pay authorized by Section 1287, R. S., as amended bv act of July 5, 1884. (Dec. Second Comp. May 20, 1889.) FAMILIES OF ENLISTED MEN. See Medic tl Attendance. FAMILY. The pay of a hospital steward caxxot be diverted, without his rtiNSENT, FOR THE SUPPORT OF HIS. See Hospital steward. What constitutes a. (Army Regulations, 1G34.) As understood in this office the family of an officer or enlisted man includes all persons who may be sojourning temporarily or permanently beneath his roof, and all servants em- ployed in his household. (Dec. S. G. Jan. 50, 1887.) FEVERS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) FIELD MANCEUVERS. See Hospital Corps. FIELD REGISTER. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Field Report.) FIELD REPORT. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. FLEXIBLE SPLINTS. See Splints. FOG-BELL. See Hospital Steward. 46 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, FOOD FOR THE SICK. See Hospital Fund. FORAGE AND COWS. See Hospital Fund. FORMS, BLANK. See Blank Forms. . FRACTIONS OF MONTHS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Reports.) FUGITIVE INK. See Ink. See, also, Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Preparation of.) FUND, DETACHMENT. See Hospital Corps. FUND, HOSPITAL. See Hospital Fund. FUND, ICE. See Ice Fund. <■ FURLOUGH. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Results.) Hospital Corps ; Medical Attendance. FURNITURE, TABLE. See Table Furniture. GAMES. See Hospital Fund. GARDEN SEED AND IMPLEMENTS. See Hospital Fund. GARDENER, HOSPITAL. See Hospital Fund. GARRISON AND CAMP EQUIPAGE. See Hospital Corps. (Responsibility for.) GENERAL HOSPITALS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Hospitals, General ; Reports.) GENERAL REMARKS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Remarks.) GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL FOR INSANE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Transfer books.) See, also, Civilian Employes. GRADUATES IN PHARMACY. See Hospital Corps. GRATUITY TO HOSPITAL COOK. See Hospital Fund. GRATUITY TO HOSPITAL GARDENER. See Hospital Fund. GUARD-HOUSE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Duty.) GUNS, SHOT. See Hospital Corps. HABIT, OPIUM. See Opium Habit. HABITS, BAD. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Duty.) HALSTED LITTER. See Hospital Corps. (Drill of.) HOMICIDE OR SUICIDE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Death.) HOSPITAL. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. See, also, Servants, Officers'. HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL PROPERTY. See Medical and Hospital Property. HOSPITAL, ARMY AND NAVY GENERAL. See Army and Navy General Hos- pital. HOSPITAL BEDDING AND CLOTHING. See Hospital Corps. MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 47 HOSPITAL CORPS. Age limit. The transfer of men over 40 years of age is not desirable, unless they ])OSsess special qnalilii atioiis either as eooks or nurses, in Avliich event that fac't sliould he stated. {Cir. Lei. S. C. o.Jdu.l, 1889.) Assignment of uk-enlisikk ^ik.^iiskrs of. ^Vhen a mend»er ol' the Hospital Coi'ps is re-enlisted within the thirty-day liiuit. at the jilace of discharge, a new order of assignment to duty from the ^^■ar Department is not necessary. {Dec A. G.Juue 30, 1SS9.) Bands not recognized in determixing^the quota of, at military stations. The assignment of members of the Hospital Corps at military stations is based upon the companj' organization of the Army, and at stations where there is no company organization is determined by the Surgeon General. Bands being com- posed of enlisted men detailed from companies are in no sense distinct company organizations, nor are they a part of the legal organization of the Army. They sliould not, therefore, be recognized in determining the number of members of the Hosjiital (?orps to be assigned to a military station. {Opin.S. G., concurred in h>/ R W. May 3, 1888.) Beds and bedding for members of. Members of the Hospital Corps are entitled to the same equipage from the Quartermaster's Department as enlisted men in the line and otlier staff corps, and medical officers will make the necessary requisi- tions for beds and bedding for their usi'. Members of the Hospital Corps are not pejrmitted to use hospital bedding or clothing, except when on duty in the ward of a hospital. ( Cir. Ord. No. 5, S. G. O. Nov. 1, 1889.) Brassards fok M!.>rin;i;s oi'. V""// — Are l>rassards (Army Regulations, 1801, amended l)y (.Jeneial ( rders ;',8. Adjutant (ieneral's Office, March 28, 1890) to be charged to the enlistetl men ot the Hospital Con)S upon issue, and red brassards to the company (litter) bearers (Army Regulations, 157.'. ) ? ( )r. aic they issued to these men gratuitously and charged only in case of lo^s or (laniau(! (ride GJeueral Orders 71, Adjutant Ger.eral's Office, June 23. 1885) V Held: General Orders No. 71, of 1885, provides that "Brassards for acting • hospital stewards will he is/11, 1890.) Change in status or, and hospital matrons. Special report of. " You will please instruct tlie medical officers serving in your department to make a special report to this otlice of anj' changes which may occur in the status of members of the Hospital Corps and hospital matrons, such as death, discharge, re-enlistment, etc., on the day of the change. In the case of hospital matrons a record of changes should also be made under the heading Remarks on the return of the person- nel and equipment of the Hospital Corps." {Cir. Let. S. G. 0. Jan. 11, 1888.) Change of station as a means of discipline for members of, not approved. The Surgeon General cannot regard with favor a recommendation to change the station of a member of the Hospital Coi'ps as a means of discipline, believiixg that its approval would establish a precedent detrimental to the interests of the corps. 48 OKDERS AND DECISIONS, In this instance he concurs in the opinion of the medical director that it is best the man should remain under the discipline of his present commanding officer, who knows him and can correct his errors. {Letter S. G. Nor. 22, 1888.) Character, notation of, on final dischargk pai'kr to be made. When members of the Hospital Corps are dischari^ed the service from any cause, the character given on the tinal discharge paper will be noted on the information slip and the Hospital Corps Eeturn. {Cir. Ord. No. 1, S. G. 0. 1890.) Clothing allowance. An enlisted m»n discharged at his own request or that of his friends, for his own benefit, is not entitled to the extra allowance of cloth- ing granted by General Orders 90, 1883, nor to any part of the same; but if dis- charged for disability, or cause beyond his control, he will be entitled to a pro- rated division of the allowance, at ^2.50 for six months, etc. {Dec. S. of W. 1883, P. 3T. G. 0.) Clothing allowance of a private of, stationed at Army and Navy General Hospital, Hot Springs. Secretary of War decides that privates of the Hospital Corps on duty at the Army and Navy General Hospital at Hot Springs shall have the highest money allowance, in the settlement of their clothing accoviuts, which is paid to the corporals. {Letter Q. 31. G. April 4, 1889.) Clothing specially manufactured for members of, to secure pkopeu fit. If the enlisted men of the Hospital Corps cannot be properly fitted with the sizes of clothing furnished by the Quartermaster's Department, this office will auth- orize special manufacture, if accurate measures are sent with the requisitions, each measure to give the name of the man for whom intended. The extra cost will be added to issue prices as given in price-list. See, also. Army Regulations. {Letter Q. 3L G. Jnh/ 11, 1888.) Cookery and kitchen management. Special attention should be given by medical otficers to the instruction of their men in cookery and kitchen manage- ment, and when a private not on duty as cook is known to be proficient in such duties, it is requested that the fact be noted on the return in Remarks. [Cir. Ord. No. 1, S. G. 0. April 26, 1889.) Cooking, ueport of proficiency in. Proficiency in the art of cooking is to be re- ported only when the soldier is regarded as fully competent to take charge of a kitchen. ( ( 'b: Ord. No. 1, ,s'. G. 0. Aprd 26, 1890.) Credit for service as recruit under instp^uction not allowed in computing YEAR OF SERVICE. A private of the Hospital Corps who had been detailed as a recruit under instruction in depot hosi>ital until transferred to* the Hospital Corps, desired credit for that period in computing the year of service requisite for detail as acting hospital steward ; decided that such period cannot be counted, as he was not during that term a member of the Hospital Corps. {Dec. S. G. Oct. 25, 1889.) Definition of terms in. 1. To secure uniformity in reporting upon the monthly returns the duties performed by members of the Hospital Corps, the following definitions of terms prescribed in Army Regulations are given, viz : Wardmaster. A private in charge of a ward, or wards, wherein are other privates of the Hospital Corps on duty as nurses. This term is usually em- ployed only in general hospitals. Nurse. A private who is in charge of iiaticnt;^ in a ward. In the ordinary post hospitals, where but one private is on sncli duty, he may also be in charge of the ward. Cook. A private who is in charge of the kitchen, and preparation and cook- ing of the food. Attendant. A private who performs other duties than those heretofore enumerated. The specific duty should be noted in Remarks ; for example : A private serving under instructions for acting hospital steward, as cook's assistant, as gardener, or on general police, etc., should be reported as an "attendant," and the specific duty which he may perform be recorded in the column of Remarks. Orderly. A mounted private who habitually attends a medical officer " upon the march or in battle." (Par. 32, General Orders 56, Adjutant General's Office, 1887.) The employment of an orderly in garrison is not contemplated by exist- ing regulations, and the use of the term must be restricted to service in the field. MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 49 2. Any duty habitually performed in addition to one regularly assigned, I. e., when an attendant or other private serves also as ambulance driver (par. 27, General Orders 56, Adjutant General's Offiro, IS8T), should be noted in Re marks. [Cir. Orel. Xo. 1, >. G. 0. April 26, 1889.) Detached duty, how reported on the returx. Members of the Hospital Corps should be reported upon the Return until reIie|jLi from their station by orders from the Adjutant General's Office ; if transferred by department orders under par. 14, General Orders 56, Adjutant General's Office 1887, they must be accounted foi- us on detached service. {Letter S. G. Jan. 4, 1889.) Detachment fund. Wliile the establishment of a Hospital Corps detachment fund under the same regulation as a company fund would doubtless operate with justice to all, it woiild necessitate separate messing with separate cooks, furniture, etc., for members of the Hospital Corps and patients which, under the present hospital organization, would be impracticable of administration. It is therefore deemed for the best interest of all concerned that moneys received by the hospital from any official source should be treated as Hospital Fund and expended for the support of a common mess. (S. G. Jan. 28, 1890.) Detachment of Indian scouts not considered in determining the quota of, AT A military STATION. All application for the transfer of a private of the Hospital Corps, in addition to the quota present, based on a detachment of Indian scouts forming part of the garrison, was "disapproved, asjthe quota for a three company post was full." (Dec. S. of W. June 28, 1888.) Detail as Acting Hospital Steward of a soldikr not a mf.mukr of, unauthor- ized. A hospital steward and privates of the Hosintal Corps, being on duty at a military station, the detail of a soldier not a member of the corps as acting hospital steward was unauthorized, and he is not entitled to paA'. {Dec. S. of \y., 18.SS.) Detail at recruiting depots of recruits under instruction for the. The commanding officer of the depot has been authorized to assign three enlisted men (to be selected by the post surgeon, with his approval) to the hospital for the purpose of instruction in the duties of members of the Hospital Corps ; these men are to remain four months at the hospital, unless sooner transferred to the Hospital Corps or upon the post surgeon's recommendation are returned to duty with the command. {Letter A. G. O. Jan. 12, 1S89.) Details from, to attend to ice machines. See Ice Machines. Discharge from, for purpose of re-enlistment in other arms of service. Privates * * * were transferred to the Hospital Corps from the ordnance detachment on duty at * * , supposing that their term of service would be served there. Their services are no longer required at that station ; as they de- sire to re-enlist in the Ordnance Department, their discharge from the Hospital Corps for that purpose is recommended. {Ojnu. S. G. Dec. 3, 1888, Approved bi/ S. of W.) A private of the Hospital Corps was found utterly unfitted for duty in the Corps ; discharge recommended for the purpose of his re-enlistment in the cavalry. {Opin. S. G. Approved by S. of W. April 2, 1890.) Drill of ; instructions concerning. In order that the experience to be gained in the instruction and drill of members of the Hospital Corps and company bearers may be utilized in the preparation of a standard manual, medical offi- cers are authorized to depart, in their discretion, from the methods of drill laid down in the Provisional Manual, noting the fact upon the return of the Hospital Corps, and, in due season, making a full and detailed report to the Surgeon General of the methods introduced and practiced and the advantages claimed for tliem. In conducting the drill the hospital (Halsted) litter should be used in pref- erence to the Satterlee litter, at present issued to companies. {Cir. Let. S. G. 0. Juh/ 20, 1888.) Drunkenness not proper cause for discharge from. Post Surgeon recommends discharge of a private of the Hospital Corps by reason of unreliability and bad habits. Tried for drunkenness by general court-martial and fined, and tried several times for same oifense. Medical director recommends discharge. Sur- 4 5CL ORDERS AND DECISIONS, geou General disapproves, and 'directs should this man again offend that charges be preferred against him and his trial by general court-martial requested, at which time his previous offenses can be considered by the court. (S. G. Aug. 31, 1888.) Emergency transfers in. The Surgeon General is led to believe that the full intent and scope ^par. 1+, General Orders No. 50, Adjutant General's Office, 1887, has not been clearly appreciated. While the occurrence of epidemics, the outbreak df Indian hostilities, or other like disturbances may render necessary a temporary Increase in the num- ber of members of the Hospital Corps at a given post, there are other urgent occasions when, the working force of the medical department having been re- duced below its minimum, temporary provision for the sick must be made, such, for example, as changes in the garrison, serious illness in the j^ersoiweZ of the Hospital Corps, their confinement by sentence of general court-martial for long periods of time, their desertion, or their death. In such instances recommend- ation should be made to the General commanding the department for the tem- porary transfer of members of the Hospital Corps from adjacent posts to meet the emergency, and after it has passed for their return to tlieir proper stations ; or, if permanent transfers of station should become desirable, recommendation to that effect, made through the i)roper military channels to the War Depart- ment, will receive due consideration at this otfice. Attention is invited to the fact that the detail of enlisted soldiers of the line for duty as nurses in hospital is in violation of section I of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1887. The medical officers in your department should accordingly be instructed to communic.te freely and promptly with you (by telegraph when necessary) when additional service is required, in order that such illegal details may le avoided. It is further requested that medical officers will, when making application for transfers to the Hospital Corps, state the age, character, phy ical condition, and habits as o temperance of the soldier, in addition to ihe details required by par, 11, General Orders 5G, Adjutant General's Office, 1887. {Cir. Let. S. G. 0. Jan. 7, 1889.) The Surgeoh General requests that in the event of changes in the stations of members of the Hospital Corps by order of the division or department com- mander, as provided in i)ar. 14, General Orders 5G, Adjutant General's Office, 1887 (Army Regulations, 1571, 1889), Medical Directors report the fact at once to this office. yLetter S. G. May 10, 1888.) Enlistment in, as Hospital Steward, of men who have had previous service in THAT GRADE. See Hospital Steward. Enlistment of civilians in the. The enlistment of civilians in the Hospital Corps is, as a general thing, undesirable, and the number is restricted by law. The ap- plicant must be a graduate in pharmacy and will have to serve two years as a private and one as an acting hospital steward before being eligible to an examina- tion as a hospital steward. [Letter S. G. Sept. 9, 1887.) Enlistments or re-enlistments. Enlistments or re-enlistments for the Hospital Corps may be made by commissioned medical officers. {Dec. S. G., 1888.) Epitome of regulations tor transfers to. For convenience of reference, and to avoid unnecessary delay in acting upon applications for transfer to, or enlist- ment and re-enlistment in, the Hospital Corps, the following epitome of existing regulations is published : Applications are made by the senior medical officer (Army Regulations, 15G4), and must be concurred in by tiie Post Commander. Each application should state — 1st. The desire of the man for transfer (Army Regulations, 15 4). 2d. His length of service, which must be more than one year, in the line or staff corps (Army Regulations, 15G4). 3d. That he is not married (Army Regulations, 15G5). 4th. His age, and if over 40 years of age, his special qualifications as nurse or cook. (Cir. Let. Jan. 7, 1889.) 5th. His character. (Cir. Let. Jan. 7, 1889.) 6th. His physical condition. (Cir. Let. Jan. 7, 1889.) 7th. His habits as to temperance. (Cir. Let. Jan. 7, 1889.) MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 51 8tli. Whether for existing or prospective vacancy. (Cir. Ord. No. 1, S. G. 0. 1889, par. 6.) 9th. The date of expiration of his present enlistment. 10th. His ability to read and write (Army Regulations, loG6). 11th. Ilis general intelligence and aptitude for the duties of a private of the Hospital Corps (Army Regulations, 15G6), It should be remembered that neither artificers nor musicians are to be recom- mended for transfer. {Cir. Ord. No. 3, S. G. 0. July 1, 1889.) Equipage. Does par. 277, Army Regulations, 1889, " table-wai*e, kitchen utensils, etc., as well as brooms and other articles necessary for the police of barracks, will be issued by the Quartermaster's Department," apply to Hospital Corps de- tachment, and if so, in what ])roportion are the articles therein mentioned to be required for? Surgeon General, February o, 1890, concurs in views of medi- cal director that where the detachment has a distinct barrack room and kitchen it should be supplied in every particular as other troops ; when the men mess and live in the hospital there can be no necessity for the surgeon drawing from the Quartermaster table-ware, kitchen utensils, etc. N(TE. — Circular Orders No. 5, Surgeon General's Office, November 1, 1889, states that enlisted men of Hospital Corps are entitled to the pame equipage from Quar- termaster's Department as other enlisted men. {Letter 8. G. Feb. 5, lb90.) Eqimi'mknt foh I'Hi VAXES OF. Privates of the Hospital Corps should receive the same equipment, i. e., blanket-bags, etc., as is issued to privates of the line. These articles are to be obtained by requisition upon the Ordnance Department. {Letter S. G. Jan. 17, 1890.) Field man(Euveus. In view of the probable aggregation of troops at certain points for field manoeuvere during the coming summer, medical directors are requested to take full advantage of tiie opportunities that may be afforded of testing the value in active service of the instructions contained in General Orders No. 56, Adjutant General's Office, 1887, and of the drill system as presented in the official manual for the Hospital Corps. Surgeons-in-chief of expeditionary columns, etc., should be instructed to this effect, and full reports be required of them on the conclusion of the manoeuvers. In this connection medical officers are also requested to transmit to this office copies of all orders or letters of instructions issued to surgeons-in-chief of such expeditions i-egarding the management of the detachment of the Hospital Corps under their command, as well while in actual camp and on the march as dur- ing the incidents of the manti'uvers, including the establishment of fie,d dn ssing stations and hospitals ,and the practical disposition of the latter during advance, retreat, etc. (^Ch. Let. S. G. 0. April 23, 1888.) FuRLOtiGHS TO MEMBERS OF. As a rulefurloughs for a longer pcHod than four months are not given to soldiers who have served but one enlistment. {Opin. A. G. Juhjl, 1889.) Furloughs to jiembers of, upon re-enlistment. Application of a private of the Hospital Corps for four months furlough upon re-enlistment. Query— Are mem- bers of the Hospital Corps included in the provisions of General Orders 13, Adju- tant General's Office, 1890 ? Held: "It was not intended that the provisions of General Orders No. 13, of February 8, 1890, from headquarters of the Army, should embrace men of the Hospital Cori)s. As special authority from the Surgeon General is required in each case for enlistmerft or re-enlistment of men of the Hospital Corps, it is sug- gested that applications for furloughs in such cases could be acted on at the same time." {A. G. April 23, 1890.) Graduates in pharmacy. In time of peace the enlistment of civilians into the Hospital Corps is confined entirely to graduates in pharmacy, with a view to their advancement to the position of hospital steward. (S. G. Mar. 29, 1890.) Increase of allotment to meet emergencies. It is not deemed advisable to increase the Hospital Corps allotment at any post, and requests from post surgeons to meet emergencies should be provided for as directed in Army Regulations, 1571. {Dec. S. G. Nov. 10, 1888.) 52 ORDERS AND DP^CISIOXS, ' MeMBKRS OF, WHEN DISCHARGED ().\ ACCOl'NT OF MISCONDFrT FoRFEFr TltA NSI'i )ltTA- TiO\ AND SUBSISTFXCE. A liosj^'tul stfWiird vas (lirtc]iarg-(Ml the .S'. G. Feb. 17, 1890.) Responsibility for camp and garrison equipage of members of. Post Sur- geons should assume responsibility and receipt for the camj) and garrison equipage of members of the Hospital Corps. {Oi>in. Lieut. GenU Army March IG, 1887.) Return of. See Acting Hospital Steward. Matters connected with the personnel and equipment of tne Hospital Corps should not be incorporated with the sanitary reports, but should be reported on the form (No. 37) provided for that purpose ; any subjects of especial interest being transmitted as a special report in connection therewith. {S. G. May 21, 1888.) Shot-guns for. Upon requisition of the post surgeon, duly approved by the Surgeon General, the Ordnance Department will issue, for use at posts west of the Mississippi river, a shot-gun, with necessary appendages and ammunition for the use of members of the Hospital Corps. {Dec. CJdef of Orel.., 1889.) Sub-posts, members of, at, how reported. ^Vhere there is no medical officer, members of the Hospital Corps on duty at sub-posts should be reported upon the Return of the Hospital Corps of the post to which such sub-post belongs. {Letter S. G. June 11, 1888.) Transfer of musicians to, forbidden. As considerable difficulty is experienced in obtaining comjx'tent musicians for the different organizations of the Army, thev should be exempted from transfer to the Hosi)ital Corps. {A. G. Oct. 13, 1887.) MEDICAL COKPS. L\ S. ARMY. 53 Traxsff.k (IF HKciiUiTS TO. A Soldier claiined tliat he was induced to enlist with a prosiiect vi tiausferto the Hospital Corps. Upon tlie completion of his first year's service he was found totally unfitted for duty in the Corps. Held: In view of his statement of the circumstances conneclied with his enlistment, which hear the evidence of truthfulness, I recommend liis discharge from the service. It is recommended that recruiting officers be enjoined from holding out to applicants for enlistment any inducements for subsequent transfer to the Hos- I^ital Corps without first submitting the case to this office for opinion as to the possible fitness of the applicant for such service. {S. G. Apr. 3, 1890.) Transfers to, from the Ordnance Corps, how made. Transfers from the Ord- nance Corps to the Hospital Corps shall not be made hereafter ; but if the serv- ices of a man of the Ordnance Corps are desired for the Hospital Corps, recom- mendation for his discharge, with a view to his enlistment in the latter corps, will be considered. {Dec. S. of W. Aug. 21, 1889.) Vacancy in detachment of, how reported. When a private of the Hospital Corps declines to re-enlist, report also whether there is at the post an approved candidate for the vacancy ; if not, state what special qualifications are required in his successor. Recommendations for transfer to the Hospital Corps should state whether the candidate is desired to fill an existing or prospective vacancy at the post, or whether he is recommended for duty elsewhere. {Cir. Onl. No. 1, S. G. <>. April 2(3, 1889.) Waist-belt for members of. The waist-belt worn by meml)er3 of the Hospital Corps is the "N. C. 0. waist-belt and plate," and should be called for sepa- rately, from the Ordnance Department. {Chief of Oid. Dec. 26, 1889.) HOSPITAL FOR INSANE, GOVERNMENT. See Consol. Eep. Med. Dept. (Transfer books.) HOSPITAL FUND. 1. The hospital fund is the savin.o- arising from the economical use of the ration of the sick in hospital and of the Hospital Corps, and is to be used exclusively for the purchase of articles of diet, comfort, or convenience for them, as the surgeon-in-charge may determine, under instruc- tions from the Surgeon General. {G. 0. 102, A. G. O., 1888.) This fund will be expended in the purchase of tlio following articles only : 1st. Food (including ice) for the sick. 2d. Seeds, and implements for the cultivation of a vegetable -arden for the post hospital. Lawn-mowers, rubber lio>e, and other implements of this class are not included. 3d. Fruit and shade-trees for the hospital grounds, when approved by the medical director of the department. •1th. Cows and forage therefor, when approved by the medical director of the deimrtment. 5th. Games, such as backgammon, dominoes, etc. (ith. One daily newspaper and one weekly or monthl}^ serial; if an excess over this number is desired, permission to purchase should l;e obtained from the medical director. A gratuity, not exceeding 20 cents per day, may be paid to the cook, when approved by the Surgeon General. Articles usually issued by the medical and other departments of the Army are not proper charges against the hospital fund ; when required they should be obtained by special requisition upon the issuing departmejit. When the post surgeon has any doubt as to his authority for the purchase of an article from the hospital fund^ reference should be made to the Surgeon Gen- eral for decision. No expenditure except for food and ice will be made, unless the amount of Hospital Fund on hand will just-fy it. Articles of dui'able property, such as garden tools, cows, games, etc., must be accounted for on the monthly return of durable ])roi)erty ; newspapers and periodicals need not be accounted for, nor live stock, such as pigs, poultry, etc., purchased for food. Circular Order No. 3, S. G. 0., August 1.3, IStls, is herebv revoked. [Cir. Ord. Xo. 1, ,s'. G. 0. Uc:. 11, 1889.) 54 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, Allotments from post trader's tax, bakery savings, and canteen fund WILL BE reported ON STATEMENT OF. Allotments from the post trader's tax, bakery savings, and canteen fund will be reported, separately, on the statement of the hospital fund next succeeding the period in which they are made; if no such allotments are received, the fact will be noted. {Cir. Orel. No. G, S. G. 0. Dec. 28, 1889.) Details of purchases and expenditures required. The statement of hospital fund and return of durable property purchased Mith hospital fund (new form) is accepted by this office as a voucher for the receipt and disbursement of that fund as well as for the proper care and disposition of the durable property pur- chased with it. Medical officers should, therefore, be careful to record in detail all purchases and sales (see par. 2, General Instructions on back of statement). The price per pound, etc., of articles purchased or sold should be stated. {Letters. G. Mar. 13, 1889.) Disposition of rations for private of the ordnance corps. Privates of the Ordnance Corps entitled to one and one-half rations instead of one, and being sick in hospital: Qiier/f — "May the men have the benefit of this extra half ration individually, or must it be turned ii to the common fund and accounted for on the hospital fund statement as though their allowance was the same as that of the corps at other posts ? *' Hehl: "The disposition of the rations drawn by the men under your charge is in your own discretion. The entire ration must appear upon the ration return from which the Acting Commissary of Sul).sistence issues. Of this it is perfectly proper for you to take up so much as you wish for the hospital and give the remainder to the men." " (;S'. G. Feb. 25, 1888.) Durable property. Authority for the sale and purchase of duraltle property will be quoted on the statement of the Ho.spital Fund. {S. G. 1890.) Hospital gardener, payment of gratuity to. A gratuity of not exceeding $10.00 may be paid from the hospital fund to the hospital gardener, when approved by the Surgeon General. {Dec. S. G., 1889.) Loss of, in transit by mail. When money (cash) belonging to the hospital fund is forwarded by mail and without the precaution of registry, it is done at the risk of the sender, and the loss is not considered a proper charge against Hospital Fund. {Dec. S. G. Feb. 20, 1880.) Responsibility of post surgeon for, in case of theft of. The (luestion in- volved in this case is whether or not the money due a deceased soldier maj^ be stopped for the purpose of reimbursing the hospital fund at in the sum of , being the amount found by a board of survey to have been stolen by the said soldier before his death from the said fund. Hospital funds are created like com- pany funds, by the sale of rations. (See sections 301, 1388, and 1632, Ifegulations of 1S89.) A company fund has not been regarded by law as public money, and the pay of a soldier cannot be legally stopped to reimburse the same for losses. (See Circular No. 9, of October 8, 1886, from the Headquarters of the Army, Adjutant Genorars Office.) This rule equally applies to a hospital fund, and this office knows of no law or regulation or other autht>rity by which Captain , Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army, co Id recover from the pay due the soldier at the time of his death the sum of money due the hospital fund, and for the loss of which this officer was found responsible. {Opin. Acting J. A. G., concurred it, bij S. nf W. Svpl. 'lA. 1889.) When the office^' responsible for the fund and pi-opcity is itli-'ved from duty the transfer of liotli vvi]l he acknowledged by receipts written across the face of the last Statement and Return sent to this office, and on the (liii)licates in the "Register,'' all hein.u- sijiued by the receiving officei-. (/S. (1., 18n9.) Share (IF, i.\ j-ost tk.M)Kr's tax. Request of post surgeoji for (i<5and 294 of the ])r "sent lt^gulations. It follows tliat under the decision referred to the detaclnneiit of the Hospital Cori)s is entitled to its jiru rata share of the money derived fi-uni taxing the post trader. ■ ^ [D>',: .1. (.'. I >,'<■. 26, 1SS9.) MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 55 Special. The special hospital fund is the remnant of a war fund which is in the hands of the officers of the Commissary Department as a credit to the Medical Department. Certain portions of this fund are placed to the credit of the medical directors of the several military departments for the purpose of supplying funds to pur- chase articles for the sick at military posts where the hospital fund is insufficient for such purpose. It is expended by the Commissary Department on the request of a medical officer, and is accounted for on forms issued by the Surgeon General. Credits from this fund are transferred from one military- department to another by the Commissary General, upon the request of the Surgeon General. Transfers from the medical director's credit to military posts are made by the chief commissaries of departments upon the request of medical directors. {S. G., 1879.) Receipts and expenditures of the special hospital fund should be noted either on the blank space on the statement or on a separate sheet attached to the statement — not to be taken up with the regular hospital fund. This is in order that the record of the entire transaction may appear upon the current statement of the hospital fund. {Dec. S. G. Feb. 10, 1890.) Statement of, fractions of cents and detail of record how treated. The credit side of the statement of the h> spital fund (new form) being accepted by this office as a voucher from the medical officer for his expenditure of that fund, fractions of a cent should not appear in the footings (Army Regulations, 718). It is immaterial in what detail the body of the account is calculated, provided quantities of articles and prices are given. So also a record of daily purchases is not r6qtiired, report of the gross amount of each article purchased during the month being alone necessary. ^ {Dec. S. G.^ 1889.) Transfer of. Transfers of hospital fund from one military post to another can be made only by authority of the Surgeon General, to whom requests for such action should be made, and the reasons therefor given. {Dec. S. G., 1889.) HOSPITAL, GENERAL. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Reports.) HOSPITAL MATRON. Cannot be mustered as absent with leave. There is no authority for granting permission to a hospital matron to absent herself from duty. If it becomes necessary or desirable to relieve her tempomrily from its performance her appointment should be canceled ; it may, however, be renewed when she is prepared to resume her duties. {S. G. June 22, 1888.) Chinaman performing thk duties of. There is no legal objection to the detail of a Chinaman to perforin the duties of hospital matron. (Oj?tH. S. G. Any. 16, 1879.) Duties of. The duties of a hospital matron arc to wash, mend, and repair the bedding, clothing, and other articles of a like nature belonging to the medical department. (Dec. S. G. Oct. 30, 1889.) Insane. The admission to the Government Asylnin for the Insane of an insane hospital matron may, under certain circuinstaiifes, be autliorized, upon proper representation to the Secretary of War. {End. S. of IT. Aug. 18. 1886.) Record of, in Biennial Register. Names of hospital matrt)ns must bo included in the list of employes for Biennial Register. {Dec. S. <>/ ]]'. .Jihij ;i, 1883.) Note. — For this purpose blank forms are sent at the proper time from the Sur- geon General's Officii to all post hospitals. Selection of. A hospital steward iiKiuires if his wife has not a just claim to the appointment of hospital matron. i^e;2>///.— Inasmuch as the Resj:ulatit)ns liave jilaced the .f thr Amnj, Feb. 25, 1881.) HOSPITAL STEWARD, RETIRED. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. HOSPITAL STEWARDS AND ACTING HOSPITAL STEWARDS. Regula- tions FOR examinations OF. The following regulations, governing the appoint- ment of hospital stewards and the detail of acting hospital stewards of the Hospital Corps, U. S. Army, are published for the information of all concerned : 1. Privates who have served one year or more in the Hospital Corps, and have displayed particular merit, will be recommended to the Surgeon General tor promotion by the senior medical officer of tbe command. From those thus recommended acting hospital stewards will be detailed. 2. No person shall be appointed a hospital steward unless he shall have passed a stitisfactory examination before a board of one or more medical officers as to his qualifications for the position, and demonstrated his fitness therefor by service of 'not less than twelve months as acting hospital steward ; and no per- son shall be designated for such examination except by written authority of the Surgeon General. — (Sectha 4, Act to organize the Hosjntat Corjx'^ of the Ann;/ of tJte United Stuies. Approved March 1, 1887.) ■ 3. Hospital stewards whose aggregate service as sucli is less tliau twenty years shall be examined on the subjects mentioned in par. .">, before re-enlist- ment ; those of twenty years or more of such service will not be examined. 4. Application for appointment as hospital steward must be made to the Sur- geon General through the proper military channels ; it should contain a brief statement of the military service of the applicant, in his handwriting, giving dates of enlistment and discharge from every military organization of the U. S. Army of which he was a member (Circular Order No. 1, S. G. 0., April 58 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, 26, 1889) ; the same information as to Navy and Marine Corps should also be given, and it should be indorsed by the senior medical officer and the post commander as to character, conduct, general fitness, and habits, particularly in relation to the use of stimulants and narcotics. 5. Candidates for promotion to the grade of hospital steward must pass a satisfactory examination as to physical condition, moral character, habits, and general aptitude ; in the general principles of arithmetic, including decimal fractions and the rules of i)roportion ; the Articles of War ; the regulations affecting, en listed men, particularly of the Medical Department and Hospital Corps ; reports and returns, and the customs of the service relating to the Med- ical Department ; pharmacy ; the use and ^are of meteorological instruments, and the hospital and field appliances of the Medical Department ; the methods of rendering first aid to the sick and wounded ; the elements of ordinary cook- ery ; the elementary principles of hygiene, including ventilation, heating, and disinfection ; the general principles of materia medica, therapeutics, and minor surgery, and the administration of anaesthetics. 6. Candidates for detail as acting hospital stewards must pass a satisfactory examination as to physical condition, moral character, habits, and general aptitude ; in the general principles of arithmetic, including decimal fractions and the rules of proportion ; in orthography and penmanship ; the Articles of War and regulations aff"ecting enlisted men, particularly in the Medical Depart- ment ; pharmacy ; the care and use of meteorological instruments, and the hospital and field appliances furnished by the Medical Department ; the method of rendering first aid to the sick and wounded, and the ordinary modes of cooking. 7. These examinations " shall be conducted by a board composed of all the commissioned medical officers of the post at which the candidate may be serv- ing, and if there is no commissioned medical officer at the station the candidate shall be sent for examination to the nearest station provided with such an officer." 8. The board shall ascertain, by oral examination or practical observation, or both, the status of the candidate in certain subjects, and shall mark the result of the examination in each subject on merit-rolls furnished for that purpose by the Surgeon General. These subjects are : [a.] Physical condition — to be reported as excellent, good, fair, etc., with special mention of defects. [b.] Moral character and habits. Each of the following subjects to be reported on by number,, the maximum 100, the minimum 70, except in n, e, and k, in which they shall have only half of that value — 50 and 35. The maximuiu shall rei)resent a thorough pro- ficiency ; the minimum an aptitude regarded by the board as barely sufficient for the performance of the duties : [c] General aptitude and ability to control men in hospital. [d. I Knowledge of Army Regulations and of the books and records of the Medical Department. [e.] Use of the meteorological instruments and hosi)ital and field appliances furnished by the Medical Department. [f.] Knowledge of practical cookery and kitchen supervision so far as relates to the management of tlie ration and the preparation of special articles of diet for the sick. [g.] Dispensary work in the compounding of drugH and the making up of prescriptions. [h.] Familiarity with tlie methods of rendering fir^t aid to the sick and wounded. [i.] Minor surgery, so far as it relates to the dressing of wounds, liaiidaging, preparation of splints, cupi)ing, etc. [k.] Dentistry. Candidates professing a knowledgn* of this subject may be examined therein and given credit therefor, but it is n(»t obligatory ]»eyond the el«mentary knowledge necessary for the extraction of teeth and similar minor operations. 9. The written examination sliall consist of a sei-ic>s of (piestions, prepared and transmitted from this office, on certain of llii^ subjects mentioned in par. 5. The replies, certified to by the hoard as liaving been made without recourse to books, memoranda, or other sources of assistance, tog<'ther w itli the report of the board, shall l)e forwarded dii-ectly to the Surgeon General, in whose office MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 59 they will be examined and marked according to the proficiency sliown by the candidate. These subjects are : [a.] Penmanship, orthograi)hy, and grammatical construction. These will be rated in accordance with the merits of the papers of the written examina- tion. Arithmetic. Materia medicaiP-nd elementary therapeutics. Pharmacy and pharmaceutical chemistry. First aid to sick and wounded. Minor surgerj. Elementary hygiene, particularly as relating to ventilation and disin- fection. 10, The examination for the position of acting hospital steward will embrace the subjects a, b, c, d, k, f, g, and h in par. 8, and a, b, c, d, and e in par. 9 ; but the questions will call only f(;r such infoimation as should be expected from the training and experience of the candidate. The written examination, as in the case of stewards, sliould be certified to by the board as having been made without recourse to books, memoranda, or other sources of assistance. 11. Passed candidates examined at or about the same time will take prece- dence for appointment in the order of relative merit, as shown by the results of their examination, and regardless of the precise date of that examination. {Cir. S. G. 0., approred }>ii S. II'., OH. 15, 1889.) HOSPITAL STORE-ROOM. For the safe keeping ofhospital stores and other medical property, the door of the store-room of the hospital will be secured by a double lock requiring two keys to open it. One key must at all times be in the personal custody of the post surgeon, and the other key in the personal custody of the hospital steward. These locks are now being issued. (Or. Orel. Xo. 4, S. G. O. Oct. 11, 1889.) HOSPITALS. GENERAL. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. HOSPITALS, POST. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Hospitals, general.) HOSPITALS AND HOSPITAL STEWARDS' QUARTERS. Construction and repair of. 1. When an allotment of funds fur the repair of hospitals or hospital stewards' quarters has been made, the post surgeon, under the head of Remarks, on the next succeeding Return of the Hospital Corps, will acknowledge the receipt of the letter of notification, and upon each following Return (so long as neces- sary) will note whether or not the work of repair has been commenced. 2. Inas I'uch as funds for the construction and repair of hospitals and hospital stewards' quarters are drawn from separate appropriations, it is necessary that the requisite estimates shall be prepared as separate documents, and transmitted, preferably, by different mails. 3. The aggregate estimates for repairs to hospitals and hospital stewards' quarters being largely in excess of the amount appropriated by Congress, it is necessary that the requirements of each post should be clearly and concisely set forth, in order that an intelligent and judicious allotment may be made i therefore, estimates should not only be itemized, but the several items should be so separated as to show the cost of material and ljil>or for each ; for example : In a hospital repairs to the floor of a ward and a porch are needed ; the interior plastering needs kalsoiuining, and tlie exterior of the building painting: the estimates should be made as folloMs: feet of lumber at S ] lbs. (if nails " S V .S for repairs towani Hour. ^_ days' labor " S I • The other items to be prepared in a similar manner. I < n: or.l. Xn. -2. S. ^. ". 3/-(;/ 0, 1889.) HYGIENIC CONDITION OF POST. See Consol. Rep. ot >led. Dept. (Remarks.) ICE. See Hospital Fund. 60 ORDERS AND DECISI0:J^S, ICE FUND. How made, and its purpose. Medical directors will instruct the mediciil officers serving in their departments at posts where there are ice-machines to keep a separate account of funds arising from the sale of ice, and render a monthly statement thereof from medical director's office to this office. It is the intention to use this fund, as far as possible, for necessary repairs to ice-machines ; therefore, it should not be taken up on the statement of hospital fund. In all instances where this has been done medical directors will please direct that the amount shall be transferred from the hospital fund to the ice fund. {Letter S. G. Nov. 1, 1887.) ICE-MACHINES. Detail from Hospital Corps to attend. It is understood that ice-machines are under sole charge of the respective post surgeons, and that a private of the Hospital Corps at each station where there is an ice-machine in operation should be designated to run the same ; it is not believed in any instance it will be necessary to increase the corps for this purjwse. {S. G. Oct. 5, 1888.) IMPLEMENTS, GARDEN. See Hospital Fund. INDEXING ORDER AND LETTER BOOK. See Official Records. INDIAN BUREAU. Employment of a private physician under contract with, BY THE War Department. See Ac ing Assistant Surgeon. INDIAN SCOUTS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Indian Scouts ; separate re- ports for.) See, also. Hospital Corps. INFECTED PERSONAL PROPERTY. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. INFECTIOUS OR CONTAGIOUS DISEASES TO BE SPECIALLY INVESTI- GATED. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) INFORMATION SLIPS. These slips are intended for use by medical officers in transmitting, in a concise and informal manner, to the Surgeon General, infor- mation routine in character, or that is desired in advance of formal reports. Original reports of changes in the status of members of the Hospital Corps {vide circular letter to medical directors, January 11, 1888) ; personal reports of medi- cal officers ; requests for, and acknowledgments of receipt of, blank forms, vac- cine virus, etc.; requests for special expenditures of the hospital fund ; reports by medical directors of emergency transfers under Army Regulations, 1571, etc., are examples. The customary form of official letters, i. e., "Sir: I haA'e the honor," etc., and "Very respectfully," etc., will be omitted. ^ Each slip will be mailed through the official channel of the particular com- munication which it supersedes. The receiving st mpof the medical director will take the place of a formal in- dorsement from him, where neither remark nor action is required, and after contents have been noted the slip will be promptly mailed to the Surgeon Gen- eral. Should one slip be insufficient to receive the original data or desired indorse- ments, another may be pasted to it. The slip is not to be used in any case requiring the action of other military departments than the Medical. A memorandum recoid of the contents of the slip will be entered on the stub prepared for that purpose in the book. The use of these slips will be commenced at once. {Ord. S. G. O., 1890.) See Monthly Reports. INJURIES, OLD. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) (Admission, ana- tomical location of.) INK. Vav: of fugitive. No ink should l)e used in any communication to this office which fails to stand tlie test of heat and moisture in addition to thirty dajs' ex- posure to strong sunlight and fresh air. {Dec. S. G. Bee. 17, 1887.) See also Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Preparation of.) INSANE CIVILIAN employ! See Civilian Employe. MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 61 INSANE HOSPITAL MATRON. See Hospital Matron. INSANE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Transfer Books.) INSERTED SHEETS FOR REPORT. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. INSPECTION AND REVIEW. I'nsrnox of medical officer. (From records Adju- tant General's Otfice.) Inasmuch as the tactics and regulations are silent on the subject, gives decision that officers of general staff serving at military posts do not belong to the regiment or battalion but constitute the staff of the command- ing officer. They will attend him on all reviews and inspections, will form a line three paces to the rear of the commanding officer, who may, at his discre- tion, request them to stand fast when he proceeds to make the inspection, or he may instruct one or more to accompany him and the remainder to retain their positions at the post review. {Dec. Gen I Anni/ Wiij 3f , ISSl.) INSTRUCTIONS. See Company Sick Report Book; Electric Apparatus ; Hospital Corps (cookery and kitchen management ; credit for service ; detail at re- cruiting de])ots ; drill of; private under) ; Hospital Repairs ; Medical and Hos- pital Propex'ty ; Thermometers ; Vaccination. INSTRUMENTS AND BOOKS. See Books and Instruments. INTEMPERANCE. See Hospital Steward. INTERCURRENT DISEASES. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Diseases, inter- current. ) INTERPRETER AND TRANSLATOR. See Hospital Steward. INVENTORY AND INSPECTION REPORTS. See Reports. ISSUE OF CRUTCHES. See Crutches. ISSUE OF TRUSSES. See Trusses. JOURNALS, MEDICAL. See MedicalJouruals. KEY. See Hospital Store-room. KITCHEN MANAGEMENT. See Hospital Corps. (Cookery.) KNIVES, FORKS, AND SPOONS. See Table Furniture. LEAVE, ABSENCE WITH. See Hospital Matron. LEAVE OF ABSENCE. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. LEAVE OF ABSENCE, OFFICERS'. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. See, also, Furloughs. LENGTH OF SERVICE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Name.) LETTERS, PRESS COPIES OF. See Official Records. LIMBS, ARTIFICIAL. See Artificial Limbs. LINE OF DUTY. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Duty.) LISTS OF WOUNDED. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Wounded.) LITTER, HALSTED AND SATTERLEE. See Hospital Corps. (Drill of.) LOCATION, ANATOMICAL. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) 62 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, LOCATION AND MOVEMENTS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Command.) LOSS OF HOSPITAL FUND. See Hospital Fuiid. (Loss of.) LOSS OF SHEETS. See Cousol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Remarks.) Lost PROPERTY ACT. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. (Status of.) MACHINES, ICE. See Ice Machines. MAIL. See Hospital Fund. (Loss of.) MANOEUVRES, FIELD. See Hospital Corps. MANUAL, PROVISIONAL. See Hospital Corps. (Drill of.) MARGINAL WRITING. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Writing.) MARINE, REVENUE. See Medical Attendance. MARRIAGES AND BIRTHS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. MARRIED HOSPITAL STEWARD. See Hospital Steward. MATRON, HOSPITAL. See Hospital Matron. MATTING, COCOA. See Cocoa Matting. MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL PROr>ERTY, CONDEMNED. Expenses of auc- tion SALES OF. The following decision of the Second Comptroller of the Treas- ury is applicable to the sale of condemned medical and hospital property at auction ; ******* " It must, therefore, be assumed that Congress intended, in the act of May 8, 1872, that the necessary expenses of all sales of public property are to be paid out of the total receipts from such sales, and that such intention still remains in Sec. 3618, Revised Statutes, iinless provision has been specifically made in ap- propriation acts to meet such expenses, or unless such intention is otherwise negatived by legislation." {Dec. Second Comp. Sept. 25, 1889.) MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL PROPERTY. Instructions conceknino returns OF. Returns of medical property rendei'ed for periods prior to January 1, 1884, will be made out upon the form corresponding to the Standard Supply Table of July 1, 1871. Returns for any period subsequent to December 31, 1883, will be made out upon the blanks corresponding to the Standard Supply Table of 1883, and all articles on hand which are not in accordance therewith will be accounted for until properly disposed of under the head of Additional Articles, and must be classified and alphabetically arranged in the same manner as articles in the New Standard Supply Table. {Cir. No. 5, S. G. O. Dec. 13, 1883.) Responsibility of Hospital Steward for. See Hospital Steward. MEDICAL ATTENDANCE. To families of enlisted men and officers' ser- vants AT their quarters. A medical officer was required by a post commander to visit professionally an officers' servant at her quarters ; objection was made by the medical officer on the ground that the proper place tor professional con- sultation from officers' servants and the families of enlisted men was either at the hospital or at the surgeon's quarters, unless the patient was prevented by the degree of sickness from coming to either of these places. Held : "In the opinion of the Commanding General it is neither necessary nor proper to attend officers' servants or the families of enlisted men at their quar- ters unless the degree of sickness requires it, and the uniform courtesy shown by the medical officers of the Army in the past may be safely relied upon to deal with the latter class of cases as they may arise." {Opin, concurred in by Maj. Gen. Conidg. the Arini/, Sept. 20, 1888.) MEDICAL COKPS, U. S. AKMY. 63 To OFFICERS ON DUTY AS PROFESSORS IN COLLEGES. Officers on duty as professors at colleges must be considered as being on the same footing as regards pay and allowances as other officers of the same grade on duty elsewhere, and are, there- fore, entitled to medical attendance. {Dec. S. of W. 1879.) To Revenue Marine, Not the duty of a medical officer to render attendance to the Revenue Marine. If any acting assistant surgeon renders attendance upon the request of the proper officer, he is entitled to compensation {S. G.Jultj 13, 1882.) Upon civilians a r military stations to be reported. You will please call the attention of the medical officers in your department to the incomplete records frequently made upon the Consolidated Reports of the Medical Department of professional service rendered civilian attaches of the command, and enjoin upon them a strict compliance with the requirements of par. xxvi of Circular No. 3, Surgeon General's Office, l^S^. Full and accurate information as to the amount and general character of sickness among the civilian attaches of the Army is required for statistical purposes in connection with the report on the health of the Army, and in addition to serve as a measure of the amount of professional work performed bj' medical officers among civilians attached to or with militaiy commands; hence any case should be numerically reported if it is of sufficient importance to require more than the passing notice of the medical officer, or if it be one that should have been taken upon sick report, had the individual treated been an officer or soldier. [Cir. Let. to Med. Directors S. G. O. July 26, 1887.) MEDICAL ATTENDANCE AND MEDICINES. To enlisted men on furlough. Bills for medical attendance and medicines in cases of enlisted men on furlough arc not paid by the United States. (S. G. Feb. 2, 1882.) MEDICAL CONDITION OF POST. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Remarks.) MEDICAL DIRECTORS. See Hospital Corps. (Reports of death; requests to fill vacancies.) See, also, Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Authority to change duplicate of.) MEDICAL JOURNALS. Belong to post hospital or station. The attention of medical officers is called to the fact that the medical journals and periodicals issued from this office are to be considered as belonging to the post hospital or station to which they are sent, and not as the personal or private property of the officer who may receive them. It is desired that at purveying depots, offices of medical directors and attending surgeons, and at all the principal permanent posts, there should be a complete file of journals, etc , and medical officers on taking station should report the condition of these files to this office. When a post is discontinued the journals and periodicals are to be sent to the Medical Director, who will use them to supply new stations or to complete the files of old ones. {Cir. Ord. No. 4, S. G. 0. Jidij 10, 1869.) Upon the receipt of the concluding number of any volume, all missing or in- tervening numbers will be immediately reported to this office, stating the prob- able cause of the loss. {Cir. Ord. No. 3, S. G. 0. Dec. 18, 1879.) Bindinq and preservation of. The Surgeon General does not deem it advisable to incur in future the expense of the binding of the medical journals issued by the Medical Department, and the additional expense of their transportation to and from medical purveying depots, and the purchase of book-cases for the proper care and preservation of the bound volumes. The medical journals should be carefully preserved, and current files should be kept in the Von Laer binders provided for that purpose, and completed volumes should be properly arranged with title page and index, labeled, and stored in some suitable place in the post hospital where they will be accessible for reference at any time. Medical officers will be held accountable for the proper care and preservation of medical journals, and their mutilation by stripping or eliminating special articles is strictly pro- hibited. {Letter Dec. 13, 1889.) MEDICAL MUSEUM, ARMY. See Army Medical Museum. 64 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, MEDICAL OFFICERS. Tour or Service. It has been the rule of the Medical Department, in order that justice may be done and western service equalized among its otiicers, that first service shall consist of two consecutive tours of four years each at stations west of the Mississippi ; these to be followed by one tour of two years at a station east of the ^Mississippi. * * * h^g served a little over one year of his second western tour, and a departure from this rule would necessitate the assisxnment to his i)lace of an officer who has not yetcom- l)leted his eastern tour. '■■ * * {S. of IV. Jan. 18, 1890.) See Company Sick Report ; Hospital Corps (enlistments or re-enlistments) ; Inspection and Review ; Private Practice ; Rank and Title ; Signature of Med- ical Officer; Tour of Service. MEDICAL PROPERTY. See Hospital Stewards. MEDICAL PURVEYOR. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. MEDICAL SUPPLIES., See Civilian Employes; Reports (inventory and inspec- tion). MEDICINES. See Medical Attendance and Medicines. Exchange OF, WITH I) RiKKiis Is FOR prescriptions prohibited. The exchange of medicines, which have been drawn from the medical purveying depot, with a druggist for prescriptions, was not authorized, and no such exchange must be made in future. {Dec. S. G. April 28, 1873.) How furnished to Signal Service. The attention of medical officers of the Army is invited to the fact that under the act making appropriations for the support of the Signal Service of the Army (General Orders No. 70), officers and enlisted men of that service are not entitled to be furnished with medicines, hospital stores, etc., at the expense of the appropriation for the "Medical and Hospital Department." It is proper, however, under the provisions of General Orders No. 101, of August 27, 1884, from the headquarters of the Army, to fur- nish medicines, etc., to officers and enlisted men of the Signal Service, provided that the money-value thereof is refunded from the proper item of the appropria- tion for the support of that service, and covered in to the credit of the appro- priation from which the stores wei-e purchased. It is therefore directed that medical officers prepare and forward to this office, on the last day of each month, a statement of medicines, hospital stores, etc., issued or dispensed from post hospitals and army dispensaries to officers and enlisted men of the Signal Service or Corps, The first report forwarded under this order will include the period from July 1, 1884, to the date thereof. {Clr.No. 2, S. G. 0. Oct. 4, 1884.) METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Meteorological observations will here- after be made and recorded in the meteorological register at each permanent military post at which a medical officer or member of the Hospital Corps is sta- tioned. A report, which shall be a true copy of the register, will be forwarded monthly to the Surgeon General. Unless otherwise spe( ially ordered, the observations to be recorded will be confined to temperature, precipitation, and direction of the wind, and'will com- jjrise the following : I. The readings of the maximum and minimum ther- mometers, which will be noted once daily, at 6 p. m., together with the range of temperature for the previous twenty-four hours. 2. The time of beginning, time of ending, and amount (in inches and hundredths of an inch) of each fall of rain or snow. 3. The total amount of precipitation, including both rain and melted snow, for the twenty-four hours ending at 6 p. m. each day. 4. The depth of snowfall for the s^ime period. 5. The general direction of the wind for the same period. {Clr. S. G. 0. Sept. 1, 1888.) METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS. All reliable information concerning the de- struction of life or property by tornadoes or otlier destructive storms to be included in the regular meteorological report. (S. G. Juhj 20, 1881.) MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 65 MICROSCOPES. Microscopes are issued in two ways— to posts and to medical oifi- cers. In the latter case they are to be retained and accounted for as personal instruments ; in the former they are not to be removed from the post to which they are sant. {Cir. Orel. No. 4, S. G. 0. July 10, 1869.) MILEAGE. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. MILITARY CONVICTS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Prisoners.) MILITARY PRISONERS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Prisoners.) See, also, Army and Navy General Hospital. MILITARY STATIONS. See Hospital Corps. (Bands.) MISCONDUCT. See Hospital Corps. (Members of.) MONTHLY REPORTS. Transmission of. The monthly reports for the Surgeon General's Office, now required from the senior medical officer of each hospital, post, regiment, or detachment (excepting the "Consolidated Report of the Medical Department "j, will hereafter be forwarded not later than the 5th day of each month, in one envelope, with a letter of transmittal stating the title of each report and the number of its inclosures, if any. Upon receipt of letters of transmittal at this office they will be stamped and returned to the writer as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the transmitted documents. {Cir. Let. S. G. 0. May 18, 1887.) Information slips may be used instead of letters of transmittal. {Dec. S. G. 1890.) MOUNTS. See Hospital Corps. MUSEUM, ARMY MEDICAL. See Army Medical Museum. MUSICIANS. See Hospital Corps. (Epitome of Regulations for.) (Transfer ot.) NAME. Change of. An enlisted man states that his name was misspelled on enlist ment, and requests that it be changed to a correct spelling. Reply. — The name of a soldier in service can be changed, on satisfactory evi dence that his proper name is different from the one under which he enlisted. {Dec. A. G. Dec. 6, 1889 ) NAME, PATIENT'S. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Entry of.) NATIONALITY AND RACE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Name. ) NATIVITY AND BIRTHPLACE. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Name.) NEWSPAPERS. See Hospital Fund. NOMENCLATURE OF DISEASES. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admissio NO SICK TO REPORT. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. NUMBER OF SHEETS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept- (Remarks.) NUMBER, PATIENTS, HOSPITAL. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. NUMERICAL SUMMARY. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Patients.) NURSE. See Hospital Corps. (Definition of term.) (Emergency transfers in.) NURSES AND COOKS. See Extra-duty Pay. OBSERVATIONS, METEOROLOGICAL. See Meteorological Observations. 5 66 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, OFFICER. See Army and Navj^ General Hospital; Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Results ; incapacitated for active service ; on ordinary leave ; on sick leave ; recommended for retirement ; under treatment in Army and Navy General Hos- pital.) See, also, Medical Attendance ; sick report. OFFICER, DEATH OF. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Results.) OFFICERS, MEDICAL. See Medical Officers. OFFICER, RETIRED. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS, DEATH OF, WHEN OUT OF SERVICE. See Consol. Rep. of 3Ied. Dept. OFFICERS' OR SOLDiERS' PAY ACCOUNTS. See Pay Accounts. OFFICERS ON SICK LEAVE. Absent from hospital for more than seven DAYS. See Army and Navy General Hospital. OFFICERS' SERVANTS. See Medical Attendance. See, also. Servants, (Officers'.) OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE. (See Postal Cards.) Letters addressed to the Surgeon General which are not required to pass through other branches of the military service will not he briefed ; in all other correspondence medical officers will be governed by the requirements of Army Regulatious 841. {Cir. Orel. No. 3, -S. G. 0. July 1, 1889.) OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. OFFICIAL PAPERS of the Medical Department. Signature to, in the absence OF A POST surgeon. Inquiry has been made by the hospital steward at con- cerning the signature, in the absence of a regularly, assigned post surgeon, to the various reports, papers, etc., required in the Medical Department. Inasmuch as it is undesirable that these papers should be signed by an enlisted man, par- ticularly as some of them call for a stalementiof the manner in which his duties are performed, I recommend that the officer designated to take charge of the medical property (Army Regulations 761) shall sign all property and administra- tive papers, and that the local physician who renders professional service be re- quired to sign papers of a professional character, such as the monthly consoli- dated reports of sick and wounded, surgical reports, the morning sick report, etc., when any of the enlisted men of the garrison are excused from duty on ac- count of sickness. {Let. S. G. Dec. 4, 1889, concurred in hy S. of W. Dec. 19, 1889.) See Hospital Steward. OFFICIAL RECORDS. Query — Is the press-copying book now supplied by the Medical Department intended for all communications sent? Are separate in- dexes furnished for the order and letter-book, or shall they be manufactured ? Held : Army Regulations 1324 answers the first question. The book of " orders and letters" is issued from a supply remaining from the late war ; some copies have an index, others have none. In the latter case the medical officer should make one in the first leaves of the book. But one book, viz., that of " orders or letters " above referred to, is necesary in recording the copies of " orders and letters" received and sent which are referred to in Army Regulations 1676. Copying presses are issued by the Medical Department as a convenience to medi- cal officers, and the books used with them are not official " records " in the sense used in Army Regulations 1676. {S. G. May 21, 1890.) FFICIAL TITLE. See Signature of Medical Officer. OPERATIONS, CAPITAL AND MINOR. A recruit had a stricture of the urethra, following gonorrhcea, which he refused to allow the surgeon to treat by passing a sound into the urethra. The surgeon states that patients frequently, during the past four months, have refused to submit to similar simple operations, such as the removal of en- larged tonsils, spraying the throat, etc., and he desires instructions as to how MEDICAL CORPS. V. S. ARMY. 67 far he may go in measures to compel hospital patients to submit to simple opera- tions of the kind indicated, against their refusal. * The Lieutenant General of the Armj' decided as follows, in 1884 (Circular 11, Adjutant General's Office, 1884) : "Except in case of a capital operation involving the risk of life, a soldier cannot refuse to submit to medical treatment or surgi- cal operation withoiit subjecting himself to trial by court-martial for willfully avoiding treatment, the purpose of which is to enable him to perform the duties for which he enlisted." The case in point, as well as tliose enum -rated by the surgeon, is minor, and curable by the methods propuse.l; hence it seems only fair tv) the Government that men, unable to perforin dutv by reason of such ailments, should be required to submit to the tn-atni'-iit, niedi a! or sur-ical. tliat wi 11 render them effective. [Ku. ISIM) ; >,,>.,,,■,■. ..r ]\', J[a): 21,1890.) OPIUM H \3iT. TRAXSFKii to axotker F. Upon anappli- catit)'! for the transfer <>f a soldi -i- to aaoi^i'T stut :>!' Tlii> man to another station would do no good ; an opium eater can get this d ug in any civilized community. If a soldier's habits interfere with his efficiency, and cannot be controlled by discipline, he should be discharged for di abilitv. {S. G. A^rr. 3, 1890 ; concnrrol iu hy Maj. Goi'l Couid-j. Apr. 7, 1890.) ORDERLY. See Hospital Corps. (D-flnition of Term.) ORDERS AND LETTERS. See Official Records. ORDNANCE CORPS. See Hospital Corp>. (Transferto.) See, also, Hospital Fund. (Disposition of Rations.) ORDNANCE DETACHMENT. See Hospital Corps. (Discharge from.) ORPHAN CHILDREN. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Marriages and Births.) PAINTING. See Hospital Repairs. PAPERS. MFmcAL Department. See Official Papers. PAPERS, OFFICIAL. See Hospital Steward. (Signature.) See, also, Official Papers. PASS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Duty.) PATIENTS IN HOSPITAL. See Operations. PATIENT'S NAME. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Name.) PATIENT'S NUMBER. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Number.) PATIENT'S NUMERICAL SUMMARY. See ConsoL Rep. of Med. Dept. PATIENTS, REGISTER OF. See ConsoL Rep. of Med. Dept. PAY. See Acting Assistant Surgeon ; Acting Hospital Steward ; Extra-duty Pay ; Hospital Steward. See, also. Acting Assistant Surgeon. (Leave of Absence.) PAY ACCOUNTS. Of officers or soldiers cannot be signed by attorney. Pay accounts of officers or soldiers must be signed by themselves, unless insane; power of attorney cannot be recognized. (P. M. G. 1888.) PAYMENT OF GRATUITY. See Hospital Fund. (Cook.) (Gardener.) See, also, Hospital Steward. (Payment of, as interpreter and translator.) PERIODICALS AND JOURNALS. See MedicalJournals. PERSONAL PROPERTY INFECTED. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. 68 ^ ORDEKS AND DECISIONS, PERSONAL REPORT. See Hospital Steward. See, also, Reports (of changes of station). PHARMACY, GRADUATES IN. See Hospital Corps. POST, ABANDONED. See Cousol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Hospital or Post.) POSTAL CARDS. Use or, in official correspondence. The Secretary of War has no objection to the use of postal cards in requests for blank personal reports and letters acknowledging receipt of communications not requiring further in- dorsement. (Letler A. G. 3Iay 19, 1874.) POST HOSPITALS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Hospitals, General.) POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION. Inquirj- of commanding officer whether a post surgeon can with military etiquette perform a post-mortem without the consent and against the will of the commanding officer. Eeply. — The medical officer is held to be the proper judge of the necessity for or scientific value of a post-mortem examination and desirability of close study of disease both at the bedside and hj post-mortem examination in all obscure cases. It is not thought that there can be any more impropriety or breach of etiquette in making such examination without consent of the company com- mander than in any other strictly professional act in which physician is guided by and acts upon his own responsibility, though courtesy requires that the fact that such examination was deemed necessary should be made known to him. (S. G. June 17, 1874.) POST, SUB. See Hospital Corps. POST SURGEON. See Camp and Garrison Equipage ; Company Sick Report ; Hos- pital Fund ; Hospital Safe ; Hospital Store-room ; Official Papers. POST TRADER'S TAX. See Hospital Fund. POWER OF ATTORNEY. See Pay Accounts of Officers. PRECEDENCE. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. PREPARATION. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. PRESCRIPTIONS. See Medicines. (Exchange of.) PREVIOUS SERVICE. See Hospital Steward. PRISONERS, MILITARY. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. PRISONERS, MILITARY, AND DIPSOMANIACS. See Army and Navy General Hospital. PRIVATE PRACTICE, MEDICAL OFFICERS ENGAGED IN. I do not find that it is contrary to the tenor of the Army Regulations for medical officers of the Army to practice their profession among citizens, when it does not inter- fere Avith the proper performance of their duties. Such practice Is deemed advantageous, inasmuch as it improves the officer in his profession. {Opin. S. of W. Mar. 4, 1878.) PRIVATE UNDER INSTRUCTION. See Hospital Corps. PRIVATES OF HOSPITAL CORPS. See Hospital Corps. (Clothing Allowance; Equipment for ; Mounts for.) PROFESSORS IN COLLEGES. See Medical Attendance, (Officers on duty as.) PROFESSIONAL PAPERS. See Official Papers (of the Medical Department.) MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 69 PROPERTY, CONDEMNED. See Medical and Hospital Property. (Expenses of.) PROPERTY, DURABLE. Se Hospital Fund. PROPERTY, MEDICAL. See Hospital Steward. PROPERTY, MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL. See 31edical and Hospital Property. PROPERTY. PERSONAL. Infected. See Acting Assistant Surgeon, PROPERTY, UNSERVICEABLE. See Purveying Depots. PROVISIONAL MANUAL. See Hospital Corps. (Drill of.) PURCHASES. See Hospital Fund. (Details of.) PURVEYING DEPOTS. Disposition of unserviceable property in. Hereafter, when there is any property in depots which requires the action of an inspector, the medical purveyor will forward a list of such property, with a statement of the condition of each article and recommendation as to its disposal, to this office. Purveyors will not in future call on a division or department commander to order an inspection by inspector or board of survey. {Cir. S. G. 0. Nov. 1, 1869.) PURVEYOR, MEDICAL. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. QUARTERS. See Hospitals and Hospital Stewards' Quarters. QUOTA OF HOSPITAL CORPS. See Hospital Corps. (Bands.) (Detachment of Indian Scouts.) RACE AND NATIONALITY. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Name.) RAIN-GAUGES; THERMOMETERS. See Thermometers. RANK AND TITLE. In addressing medical officers. It is deemed proper, when addressing olticial communications to officers of the medical staff of the Army, to give both their military rank and their grade in the JMedical Department, and • it is directed that such a course be pursued in future in all letters, etc., ema- nating from this office. Instances of the proper manner of address are ap- pended. Letters which have heretofore been addressed to " Post Surgeons," and which are for the information of, or may be answered by, any medical officer acting in that capacitv, will continue to be so addressed 'To the Post Surgeon, etc.). " {S. G. July 9, 1877.) Exmnplef^.—Qol. Robert 3Iurray, Surgeon, U. S. Army. Maj. John Campbell, Surgeon, U, S. Army. Lieut. -Col. Wm. S. King, Surgeon, U. S. Army. Capt. Wm. E. Waters, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army. Litut.-Col. Geo. E. Cooper, Assistant 3Iedical Purveyor, i . S. Army. 1st Lieut. C. K. Winne, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army. RECEIPTS. See Hospital Fund. (Responsibility for.) RECORD BOOKS. Reports of. Reports of record books pertaining to the Medi- cal Department (Form 42) will be forwa ded only when the station of a medical officer is changed or upon the abandonment of a post ; the new report is com-* plete in itself; duplicates are not required. Army Regulations 1676 (1889) should be stricthj complied icith. Unless otherwise ordered the entries in record books will be co»j^m? 36 48 48 48 48 288 Forks _ _ _ _ 288 Spoons, table Spoons, tea 288 288 and any recpiisitions in excess of these quantities should be carefully scrutinized before approval. In consequence of the extia-heavy plating these articles should last many years, in good condition, with proper care and use. A sufficient quantity at least of the older piitteriis sliould be retained for all purposes, a-ide from table use, and in taking action on requisitions and inventory and inspection reports von will please be iiuided accoi'dingh . {LetterY. G. Nov. 12, 1886.) TABLE, STANDARD SUPPLY. See Standard Supply Table. TAX, POST TRADER'S. See Hospital Fund. THEFT. See Hospital Fund. (Responsibility of Post Surgeuu for.) THERMOMETERS, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM, AND RAIN-GAUGE. Mem- orandum. Instruct io)i.< for tlic itsr, niovydbiii, fpttivq. readiiu/. ((ii„) for thr 's,'ffuHj aujt. Maximum and minimum registering thermometers are supplied for the pur- pose of recofdiug extremes of daiiy tcmperatr.re. They will be mounted according to the tollowiiig instructions : Near the upper edge of the boaid which is sui)plied when minimum and max- innim thermometers are issued togetlu r, two holes will be seen for the recep- tion of screws, by which tlie curved brass plate is to be fastened in such a way that the end Avith the slit shall point to your left. Xow insert the bulb end vA the minimum thermometer into the slit and fasten the other end I ly means of the thumb-screw inserted in the hole at the lower side of tlie scaU-plate and into the curved plate, when the instrument will be mounted. To set it for oliservation. lift the bulb end from the slit, elevate sufficiently to carry tlie index to the end of the alcoholic column, and return it to the slit. The pillar for mounting the maximum thermometer is to be screwed to the board just beneath the curved brass plate. Unscrew the milled head, unite the brass attachment and the pillar, and fasten liy means of milled head (the friction- washer being lelt under the i)late), when the milled head should be replaced and screwed down as tightly as possible with the fingers. The position of the maximum thermometer when not under observation sliould always be vertical, with the bulb end npirard To take an observation, turn the instrument with the bulb end to the left, so that it shall become nearly horizontal, but sufficiently depressed to enable the mercury to move down to, but not through, the stricture. It is then read ott. To reset: Swing to a vertical position, the bulb end downward, to unite the mercurial column, or, in extreme cases, to refill the bulb. 76 ORDERS AXD DECISIONS, Then return to the original vertical position, with the bulb end upward. When issued without the board care must be taken in fitting the curved brass plate that the end containing the slit be depressed about a quarter of an inch. The maximum and minimum thermometers should be observed once a day, at 6 a. m., when they will give the highest temperature of the preceding day and the lowest temperature of the day of observation. These observations should be entered on the record under the dates to which they refer. Ir\ the maximum thermometer now issued by this office a minute glass rod has been introduced into the tube, near the bulb, whereby a constriction is formed, which, while it allows the expanding mercurj^ to pass through, offers resistance to its return when the mercury contracts under the influence of cold. By this means a registering index is formed, which at high temperature ac- quires a considerabl • length, and, in a horizontal position, would be liable to become displaced by even a slight jar. For this reason the instructions for mounting direct that the thermometer be kept in a vertical position until the moment of observation, at which time care should be taken that the bulb is sufficieutly lowered to allow the index to rest against the constriction ; other- wise the reading will be too high. In setting the instrument for a new ob- servation it sometimes happens, especially if the thermometer be new, that the index will not pass freely through the constriction. In such a case, a few swings of the instrument, or a few slight taps on the metal frame, will gen- erally produce a junction of the index with the mercury below the constriction. The minimum is a spirit thermometer, in the bore of which a double-headed rod of black enamel floats. This rod or index is drawn back, when the alcohol recedes, by reason of the resistance of the surface of the liquid to rupture or change of form, and thus reaches the lowest point to which the thermometer falls. When the alcohol rises again the index does not move with it, but re- mains in place, resting on the bottom of the tube. The point to be observed is, of course, the upper end of the index, and the exact position of this is best seen by looking at the thermometer from its side, with the metal scale nearest the eye. When its reading has been recorded the bulb of the thermometer is to be raided until the index slides down to the end of the column of spirit. The difficulties most likely to arise in the use of this thermometer are : 1st, a liability of the alcohol to distil over and condense in the upper part of the stem ; and, 2d, an entanglement of air-bubbles in the column by the jarring of transportation. The first of these troubles may be catised by the upper end of the thermometer becoming cooler than its middle, and is avoided by protect- ing the instrument from unequal radiations, or from currents of air of different temperatures. If, on exposure to equal temperature, the minimum thermometer differs from the standard more than one degree, it is probable that part of the alcohol is de- tached. If such prove to be the case, and the minimum thermometer be pro- vided, as all minimum thermometers now issued are, with an enlargement at the upper part of the tube, its bulb should be dipped into water sufficiently hot to drive all the air-bubbles or detached parts of alcohol into the enlargement ot the tube ; after which the instrument should be allowed to cool, while it is kept in a vertical position. Should it occur that some small air-bubbles still remain entangled in the column, it will be an indication that enough alcohol has not entered the en- largement, and the process should be repeated. Care should, of course, be taken not to allow the enlargement to be entirely filled, or the bulb would be liable to be broken by transmitted i^ressure. The alcohol minimum thermometer is to be used for the three dailj'^ observa- tions whenever the temperature is too low to be recorded by the mercurial ther- mometer. For this purpose the top of the column of alcohol will be read with- out disturbing the index. The rain-gauge issi;ed by the Medical Department consists of a funnel-shaped collector leading into a cylindrical receiver, which rests in an overflow reser- voir. The collector is 8 inches in diameter ; the receiver 2.53 inches in diameter and 20 inches deep. The latter communicates above, by an overflow aperture, with the reservoir, which is 6 inches in diameter and 22 inches deep. The areas of the collector and receiver are so proportioned that when a certain depth of rain falls ten times that depth is found in the receiver; hence, when the latter contains 1 inch of rain j^^ inch only has fallen ; and when it contains ■^^ inch y^Q of an inch only has to be recorded. MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 77 The snow-gauge consists of a cylinder 8 inches in diameter and 22 inches deep. The best position for the gauges is embedded in the ground, with their mouths projecting 12 inches above the surface. The site selected should be reasonably level and at a distance of twice their height from all neighboring buildings or other objects which might interfere with the collection of the rainfall. The buried portions of the gauges should be boxed or loosely cased in wood, into which they should fit easily through circular apertures. The rainfall in the receiver is measured by inserting a measuring-rod, gradu- ated in inches and tentlis, until it touches the bottom, Avhere it is held for a moment until the water makes its moistened mark. The depth of water, in inches and tenths, is then divided by 10, or, which is the same thing, the deci- mal point is moved one place to the left, for the rainfall. After this the re- ceiver is emptied and replaced for the next fall ; but if more than 2 inches of rain has fallen, the overflow into the reservoir has to be poured into the re- ceiver, measured, and added to that which the receiver indicated. The time of the beginning and ending of the rainfall is recorded, but inter- vals of fifteen minutes or less are not considered as ending one fall and begin- ning another. In warm seasons or climates, where evaporation is rapid, the measurement should be made as soon as the fall ceases. In measuring the snowfall its depth as snow is taken, after which the gauge is immersed in a pailful of hot water until the contained snow has melted, when the resultant water is poured into the receiver of the rain-gauge and measured. Snow usually yields one-tenth of its depth of water. When rain changes to snoAv, or snow to i-ain, the time and measures of each should be separately noted. TITLE, OFFICIAL. See Signature of Medical Officer. TITLE, RANK AND. See Rank and Title. TORNADOES. See Meteorological Report. TOUR OF SERVICE. See Hospital Steward. See, also, Medical Officers. TRANSFER. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Transfer), (Transfer Books) ; Hospital Corps (Epitome of Regulations), (Transfer of Musicians), (Transfer from Ord- nance Corps) ; Hospital Fund. TRANSFER BOOKS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. TRANSFER OF ENLISTED MEN. On account of physical disability. Re- sults OF, HOW REPORTED. In cascs of transfer under the operation of the second and third -paragraphs of General Orders No. 103, Adjutant General's Office, 1888, report of results will be made to the medical director of the department from which the transfer was made — for those under the second paragraph by the post surgeon of the command receiving the transfer, and for those under the third paragraph by the surgeon in charge of the Army and Navy General Hos- pital at Hot Springs, Ark. This officer is also charged with a like report of re- sults, and to the same authority, in all cases of transfer under Circular, Adju- tant General's Office, April 20, 1887 (Regulations for admission to Army and Navy General Hospital), upon ordinary certificates to secure treatment. {Cir. Orel. No. 1, S. G. 0. 1890.) TRANSFERS, EMERGENCY. See Hospital Corps. TRANSLATOR AND INTERPRETER. See Hospital Steward. TRANSMITTAL, LETTER OF, See Monthly Reports. TRANSPORTATION. See Acting Assistant Surgeon. TRANSPORTATION AND SUBSISTENCE. See Hospital Corps. (Members of.) TREES, FRUIT AND SHADE. See Hospital Fund. 78 ORDERS AND DECISIONS, TROOPS, COLORED. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Indian Scouts.) TRUSSES. Issue OF. I. Under the provisions of Sections 1176, 1177, and 1178 of the Revised Stat- utes, as amended by the act of March '4, l>i7'J i Supplement Revised Statutes, page 45U), and Statutes 1887-8, page 539, every i)erson who has been disabled by rupture while in the line of dutj' in the military or naval service of the United States is entitled to receive a single or double truss of such style as may be designated by the Surgeon General of the United States Army as best suited to his disability ; and M-henever a truss so received becomes useless from wear, destruction, or loss, another truss is furnished upon proper application therefor; provided that such apijlicatiou is not made more than once in two years and six months. Applications for trusses must be made to an examining surgeon for pensions, whose duty it is to examine the applicant and to prepare and forward an application to the Surgeon General, stating, in every case, the size and kind of truss which is best adapted to the condition of the claimant. II. Application for trusses will be made upon blank forms furnished by this office for the purpose, and must, in each instance, be signed by the applicant. Tlie receipt of a pension on account of hernia is the only evidence this office will accept that the disability was incurred In the line of duty ; trusses will therefore be issued to such applicants only as are receiving pensions (either wholly or in part) on account of hernia, and whose cases have been properly examined and reported upon as indicated in the blank form of application. III. The minimum period fixed by law for the reissue of trusses is two years and six months ; the Surgeon General cannot, therefore, entertain any applica- tion for a truss in the case of a person who has been furnished with one on an application made within- the preceding two years and a half. The law also pro- vides for reissue of trusses only when those previously furnished become use- less, and examining surgeons for pensions are required to certif}^ this fact in forwarding to this office an application for any person who has been furnished with a truss at some previous period. Soldiers and others entitled to trusses are therefore required to present evidence satisfactory to the examining sur- geon for pensions to whom application for a new truss is made that the truss already furnished has become useless. In no case can a new truss be issued when the applicant is in possession of a serviceable one previously furnished by this office. IV. Trusses will be sent by this office to examining surgeons for pensions, w^ho will properly fit and deliver to the persons for whom intended, take their receipt therefor, and forward the same to the Surgeon General, with a certificate in each case that the receipt was signed in his presence, that the truss has been applied, and that its fit and adjustment are satisfactory. ' V. A fee of three dollars (^3) is allowed for examining a claimant, preparing the ap])lication, and fitting and delivering the truss, which amount will be paid by check on the United States Treasurer in this city. When a receipt for a truss, executed in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph (IV), is received at this office, proper vouchers will be prepared and sent to the examining surgeon for pensions, who will sign the certificates and receipts and return them to the Surgeon General, after which a check for the amount will be transmitted. It is desired that each board of examining surgeons for pen- sions will designate one of its members to attend to applications for trusses, and to receipt for the fees in his own name. No allowance Is made for transportation in connection with the examination or fitting ; nor is commutation for trusses authorized in any case. {Cir.S. G. 0. Mar. 5, 1889.) TYPHOID, TYPHOMALARIAL, OR MALARIAL FEVERS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Admission.) UNFITTED FOR DUTY. See Hospital Corps. (Discharge from.) UNSERVICEABLE PROPERTY. See Purveying Depots. UNSERVICEABLE MEDICAL SUPPLIES. See Reports. (Inventory and In- spection.) VACANCIES. See Hospital Corps. (Requests to fill.) (Vacancy in.) MEDICAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY. 79 VACCINATION. Instructions regarding. Medical oflficers are hereby informed that in future the operation of vaccinating enlisted men shall be performed on the outer aspect of the left leg, at a point four inches below the head of the fibula. To avoid errors in judgment as to previous protection it is directed that this operation shall be performed by a medical officer, on every man enlisted or re- enlisted into the Army, immediately after enlistment, at a military post, or within two* days after the arrival of a recruit at a depot, unless in case of re- enlistment the soldier presents a well-marked, characteristic scar at the locality indicated. {Cir. S. G. 0. Dec. 19, 1888.) VACCINATION REPORT. See Consol. Eep. of Med. Dept. WAIST-BELT. See Hospital Corps. WARDMASTER. See Hospital Corps. (Definition of tenu.) WARRANT. See Hospital Steward. WHITE TROOPS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Indian Scouts.) WIDOWS. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept, (Marriages and Births.) WILLFUL AGGRAVATION OF DISABILITY. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Disability.) WOMEN AND QHILDREN. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. (Command.) WOUNDED, LISTS OF. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. WRITING, MARGINAL. See Consol. Rep. of Med. Dept. EXTRA.CTS ARMY REGULATIONS {EDITION OF J WHICH RELATE TO THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. INDEX TO EXTRACTS FEOM AEMY EEGULATIOi^S. {The numbers refer to 2)aragraphs.) Paragraph. Abandonment of post, to be reported by medical officer 1667 Absence, leaves of. (See Leaves of Absence.) without leave, forfeitures incident to 132 Accountability for public property 747-791 ' Accounts, clothing. (See Clothing Accounts.) for board of enlisted men in private hospitals 1640 for medical attendance 1636-1641 for medicines 1628, 1637, 1638, 1641 Acting Assistant Surgeons, absence of, with leave, to be without pay 1552 allowances to 1085,1222,1224,1393,1476,1550,1551 contracts with 1549 death of, to be reported 1668 leaving service, final payment of 1449 pay of 1550-1552 rights of 1553 sale of fuel to 1090 Acting Hospital Stewards, appointment of 1557, 1568 assignment of 1577, 1579, 1589 chevrons for 1801 detail of, how revoked 1563 duties of 1559 examination of 1557, 1558 instruction of 1569, 1575 married 1565 promotion of 1556 Affidavits as to loss, destruction, etc., of public property 769-771 Allowances of baggage 1 1200-1204, 1221-1225 of bed-sacks 1150 of fuel 1098-1105,1550 of lamps 1108 of matches 1106 of quarters 1085, 1086, 1088, 1098,1550 of rations „ 1367,1371,1393,1550 of stoves 1098 of straw for bedding 1150 to civilian surgeons who tender their services 1554 •Ambulances, animals for, how provided 1583 control of 1581,1582 flags for 1846 inspection of : 1586 issue and repair of 1176, 1580,1582, 1595 uses of , 1581,1597 Ambulance driver, designation and duties of 1583 Animals for ambulances, how provided 1583 infected with contagious diseases, how disposed of 788 requiring inspection, how inventoried 968 Army Medical Board of Examiners 1542-1547 Army Medical Miiseum, specimens for , 1235,1666 83 84 INDEX TO EXTRACTS Arrest of medical officers, how regulated 994 Artificial limbs 1678-1682 Assistant Medical Purveyors, duties of 1540,1658 records of 1674 returns of 1670 Assistant Surgeons, appointment of 1542-1548 examination of : 1543-1548 promotion of 1543 Bacon, ration of 1367 Baggage allowances 1200-1204,1221-1225 Bakery funds, source and application of 295 Beans, ration of 1367 Bearers, company. (See Com])auy Beai'ers.) Bed-sacks, allowance of 1150 Beef, ration of 1367 Blank forms of Medical Department, how supplied 1672 Board of Examiners, Army Medical 1542-1547 Boards of Survey, duties of 117,751,788,791 Books of record of Medical Department 1673-1677 professional, transportation of, in change of station 1225 Bread, ration of 1367 Burial of remains of enlisted men 155 officers, unclaimed 86 Camp and Garrison equipage : 1271-1273 Candles, ration of 1367 Canteen Council 341 Post 341 Ceremonies, how conducted 485.486 Certificates, medical. (See Medical Certificate.) of deposit on accfuint of proceeds of public property 691 of disability 00, 148-150,565,1621 "Character" of enlist d men discharged, how noted 143 Chevrons for Hospital Corps 1801 Chief medical purveyor, duties of : 1539,1658 Cholera, reports of, by medical officer 1664 Civilian employes, admission of, to hospitals 1629,1631 medical attendance to 1634 sale of medical supplies to 1628 Civilian surgeons who tender their services, allowances to 1554 Civilians not in public service, admission of, to hospitals 1630,1631 Clothing accounts of enlisted men ^. 1287-1292,1620 of Hospital Corps 1572 Clothing, gratuitous issues of 1295,1626 lost, without fault or neglect of owner, compensation for 1295 used in treatment of contagious diseases, disposal of 1625 Camp and Garrison equipage 1271-1273 Coffee, ration of 1367 Communications, official. (See Official Correspondence.) Commutation for artificial limbs 1678 Company bearers, distinguishing mark of 1575,1801 duties of 1 1575, 1589 inspection of 1576 instruction of ' 1575 selection of 1574 Company clothing book 1287-1292 Company commander certifies on pay-rolls that he has witnessed payment 873 furnishes descriptive lists 106, 107, 120 furnishes final statements 139, 151 informs enlisted man discharged of "character" given him 143 inspections to be made by 951 issues clothing to enlisted men 1287 keeps clothing accounts of enlisted men 1290-1292 remarks of, on muster-rolls 875-876 responsibility of, for company property 778-780 FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 85 Company property, issue of 780 responsibility for 778-780 Condemned public property. (See Public Property.) Consolidated Report of Medical Department 1663 Construction and repair of hospitals and hospital stewards' quarters 1603-1608 Contract surgeons. (See Acting Assistant Surgeons.) Cooking, Manual for 275 Copying presses (See Correspondence.) Corn meal, ration of 1367 Correspondence, routine 1324 Correspondence, military. (See Military Correspondence.) Council, post. (See Post Council.) Council of Administration 280, 295 Court-martial orders, copies of, to accompany returns of property charged against enlisted men 785 Damages to public property, classification of 786 Death of acting assistant surgeon, report of 1668 of enlisted man, import of 151 of hospital steward, report of 1668 of officer, report of 82,1668 Deceased enlisted men 151, 155, 1510, 1620 officers 82,86,1223 Department commander, duties of 110,981-983 staff of (in Medical Department) 198 Depositions as to loss, etc., of public property, before whom taken 771 Deposits of enlisted men, deceased, to be noted in inventory of effects 1510 Descriptive lists, regulations concerning___106, 107, 116, 120, 131, 144, 563, 565,-1292, 1620 Deserters, regulations concerning 117-132, 782, 783, 876, 1292 Destruction of public property, classification of 786 Detached enlisted men, regulations concerning 106,107,1620 Directors, medical. (See Medical Directors.) Disability, certificates of. (See Certificates of Disibility.) Discharge of enlisted men 139-150, 172, 565, 1620, 1623 Discipline, military. (See 3Iilitary Discipline.) Disinfectants, issue of 1656 Disinfection of tents, clothing, etc., used in treatment of contagious diseases 1625 Division commander, duties of 110,981,983 staff of (in Medical Department) 198 Durable property, retuim of 1663 Emei-gency purchases, how made 1648 Emergency transfers of members of Hospital Corps 1571 Enlisted men, absent without leave, forfeitures of 132 admission of, to Soldiers' Home 171,172 charges against, for property lost, how determined 783 clothing accounts of 1287-1292 deceased 151, 155, 1223, 1295, 1510, 1620 desertion of. (See Deserters.) detached 106, 107, 1620 discharge of 139-150, 172, 565, 1620, 1623 extra-dutv of 165 furloughs to 108-110 insane, admission of, to Government Hospital 565 loss or damage of public property by neglect of 781-784 medical attendance to 1623, 1634-1636 payment of 1495 ration of 1371 retired, medical attendance to 1635 sales of subsistence stores to 1406 salutes bv 433-437 transfer of 115,116 travel allowances of 1212, 1478 Epidemic diseases, reports of, by medical officers 1664 Estimates for construction and repair of hospitals and hospital stewards' quar- ters 1607,1608 for clothing, camp and garrison equipage. 1272, 1273 86 INDEX TO EXTRACTS Examination of candidates for admission to Medical Department-_lo42-1548, 1556-1558 of recruits 925,926,930 Extra duty 165 Fatigue dress of enlisted men, when to be worn 265 Field service of Hospital Corps 1555,1587-1589 Final statements of enlisted men, deceased 1510,1620 discharged 139, 1620 Flags, hospital and ambulance 1848 Flour, ration of 1367 Forage, requisitions for 1117 Forfeiture of pa-y incident to absence without authority 132 Fort Leavenworth military prison, medical examinations of convicts 562,563 Fuel, allowances of 1 098, 1104, 1105, 1117 requisitions for 1117 sales of - 1090 Fund, bakery. (See Bakery Fund.) Funds belonging to Medical Department, transfer of .„ 1653 Funeral honors 479 Furloughs (to enlisted men), by whom granted 108-110 Furniture, hospital. (See Hospital Furniture.) General hospitals, control of 1611 General service clerks and messengers, admission of, to hospitals 1631 Government Hospital for Insane, admission to 565 Guard-mounting, how conducted 485 Guidons for field hospitals 1848 Hominy, ration of 1367 Honors, funeral, (See Funeral Honors.) Hospital boats, control of _ 1612 books of record 1676 buildings, construction and repair of 1603-1608 uses of 1609 clothing 1624-1627 furniture used in treatment of contagious diseases, disposal of 1625 railway trains, control of 1612 records 1617,1673-1677 transports, control of 1612 Hospital Corps, accounts of pay and clothing of, by whom kept 1572 assignment of members of 1577-1579,1614 chevrons for 1801 composition of 1555 emergency transfers of members of 1571 enlistment papers of members of 1561 exemption of, from military duties 1570 field service of 1555, 1587-1589 inspection of 952, 1570 instruction of members of 1569,1575 members of, to be considered a "detachment "__^ 341 mounts of members of 1588 recruits for, instruction of 1567 report of 1663 return of personnel and equipment of 1573 transfer of privates to 1564-1566 war service of 1555,1590-1602 Hospital Corps privates, assignment of, to posts and duties 1567, 1578 chBA'rons for 1801 duties of 1555,1578,1589 enlistment and re-enlistment of 1564-1567 examination of 1566 instruction of, in special duties . 1569,1575 promotion of 1568 recruits 1567 selection of 1564 Hospital fund, disposition of 1632 source of 1631,1632 statement of 1663 FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 87 Hospital matrons, appointment of , 1614 assignment of 1615 medical attendance to 1634 ration of _. 1371 Hospital stewards, acting. (See Acting Hospital Stewards.) allowances to 1098, 1212 appointment of 1556,1558 assignment of 1577, 1579 baggage allowances of 1222 chevrons for 1^01 death of, to be reported 1668 discharge of 1563 duties of 1559,1589 examination of 1556,1558 instruction of 1569, 1575 personal reports of 1561,1562 reduction of 1563 re-enlistment of 1560 trial of 1563 Hospital stewards' quarters, construction and repair of 1605-1608 Hospitals, allowances to 1098, 1108, 1109 charges for admission to : 1629, 1631 constniction and repair of 1603-1608 diet of patients in, how regulated 1618 flags for 1848 General, control of 1611 inspection of 952,953 issues of ration to 1389,1390 management of, responsibility for 1613 matrons, allowance of, to 1615 regulation. (See Regulation Hospitals.) sales of subsistence stores to 1406 service of 1613-1633 Illuminating supplies, requisitions for 1117 Inks, colored, use of, in records and correspondence, prohibited 892 Insane enlisted men, admi-jsion of, to Government Hospital 565 Inspection reports of condemned property 980-983 Inspections of ambulances, litters, and appliances for transporting the wounded 1586 of companies to be made on Saturdays 950 of Hospital Corps 952, 1570, 1576 of hospitals 952,953,1613 of kitchens 951 of posts 953 of public property with view to condemnation 968-983 of quarters 951,953 Instruction of members of Hospital Corps 1569,1575 of recruits for the Hospital Corps 1567 Inventories of property for inspection 968-977 Inventory of effects of deceased .enlisted men 151,1510 Issues of clothing 1626 of rations 1369-1374,1389-1394 Keys of store-rooms, custody of 780 Kitchens, inspections of 951 Labor hired for Government, employment of, for private purposes, prohibited 764 Lamps, allowance of 1108, 1109, 1117 Leaves of absence to acting assistant surgeons 1552 to officers 60-65,1088 List, descriptive. (See Descriptive List.) Litters, issue and use of 1584,1585,1595 Loss of public propert}', classification of 786 regulations concerning ,"781-786 Manual for army cooks 275 Matches, allowance of 1106 Matrons, hospital. (See Hospital Matrons.) Medical and hospital property ^ ^ 1617, 1624, 1627, 1655 88 INDEX TO EXTRACTS Medical and hospital supplies, defective 1652 issue of 1645-1652 purchase of 1644, 1648 requisitions for 1646, 1647, 1649, 1650, 1656 returns of 1670, 1671 standard supply table 1645,1649 storing and safe keeping of. (See Medical Store- keepers.) transfer of 1651, 1654, 1659 Medical attendance, accounts for 1636-1641 to civilian employes 1634 to enlisted men 1623, 1634, 1635 to families of enlisted men 1634 to hospital matrons 1634, 1635 to officers 1634, 1635 Medical certificate to accompany application for sick leave 60 Medical directors, assignment of 1541 duties of 198, 1591, 1596, 1599, 1646, 1661-16G3, 1669 records of 1675 Medical Museum, Army, specimensfor 1235,1666 Medical publications, binding and preservation of . 1633 transportation of 1633 Medical Purvej'or, chief. (See Chief Medical Purveyor.) assistant. (See Assistant Medical Purveyors.) Medical storekeepers, duties of 1658-1660 records of 1677 returns of 1670 Meteorological observations 1665 Military correspondence, rules concerning _i 836, 838, 845-847 Military discipline, regulations concerning 1-4 Militarj^ funerals 479 Military prison. Fort Leavenworth. (See Fort Leavenworth Military Prison.) Mineral oil, requisitions for 1117 Morning reports of companies 421 Musicians not eligible for transfer to Hospital Corps 1564 Muster-rolls, charges upon, for loss of property, how made 782,783 corrections upon, how made 877 designation of companies on 872 measure of damage in case of property charged on 784 objection of enlisted man to signing, procedure 784 preparation of 871-877 remarks upon 143, 875, 876 signature to, by enlisted man, an acknowledgment of justice of charges 784 Musters for pay 488 Non-commissioned staff, post. (See Post Non-commissioned Staff.) Observations, meteorological. (See Meteorological Observations.) Officer, baggage allowances of 1200-1204,1221-1225 believing public stores to have miscarried, action of 754 death of, report of 82 deceased 82, 86, 1223 detached, reports required from 898 how relieved from liability on account of damaged public property 788 in command to witness payment of his men - 1495 in possession of public property, duties of 747, 749-753, 755, 768 requiring inspection, duties of 9G8, 972, 975 leaves of absence to ___60, 65 leaving service, final payment of 1449 loss or damage of public property by neglect of, procedure 781 medical attendance to ' 1684 of Medical Department to exercise command in his own department onlv_ 18 on detached duty 898, 1086 on sick leave, right to quarters 1088 personal reports of. (See Personal Reports.) removal of, from public property in his charge 760,761 FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 89 Officer, responsibility of, for public ]iroperty in possession of command 778 retired, medical attendance to 1635 sales of subsistence stores to 1406 staff. (See Staff Officers. ) to exercise caiition in reproving non-commissioned officer 249 traveling on duty, rules concerning 67 sleeping-car and stateroom accommodatiuus to 1212 witnessing issues of clothing 1287-1290 Official correspondence «36, S:i6, 84:5-84:7, 1650 Official publications, binding and preservation of 1633 transportation of 1633 Official visits 457 Oil, mineral, reipiisitiuns for 1117 Orderly hours, how regulated -_ S65 Parades, how conducted 485, -486 Parloi*-car accommodations to officers of the Army 1212 Pathological specimens to be forwarded to Army 3Iedical 31useum 1666 Pay accounts of Hospital Corps, by whom kept 1572 Pay-rolls, by whom made and transcribed 871,873 preparation of 871, 1H17 to be receipted by enlisted men 1495 Payment of enlisted men 1495 Peas, ration of . 1367 Pensions, certificate of disability is evidence as to soldier's right to 150 Pepper, ration of .^'^^^ Pei'sonul reports . __895-89S Physical examination of recruits 925,926,930 Police of barracks 263 Pork, ration of 1367 Post bakeries, expenses of. liow paid 295 Post canteens 341 Post commander, duties of 67,108-110,119,1:09,1117 staff of 203 Post council 280 Post non-commissioned staff, exemption of, from extra duty 165 furloughs to 110 how mustered 101 how reported 101 Press copying-book. (See Correspondence, routine.) Proceeds of sales of puldic property, disposition of 689-692,1657 Professional books, transportion of, in change of station 1225 Property, durable. (See Dural)le Property.) Property, medical and hospital. (See Medical and Hospital Property. ' Property, public. (See Public Property.) Public propertv, a^countabilitv for 747-791 condemned, disposition of .692, 975, 979-983 medical 979 damage to, classified 786 damaged or missing, procedure respecting 751,788 d ficiency of, how satisfied 770 disposition of proceeds of sales of 689-692 for issue to militia, transportation of 1235 infected with contagious diseases, disposition of 788 inspection of, with view to condemnation 968-983 issue of 749,755,77(» loss of, classified 786 lost or damaged by neglect of officer or soldier 781 lost through desertion of enlisted men 117, 782, 783 repair of 755 returns of 748, 768 separated from officer responsible therefor 700, 761 use of, for private purposes, forbidden 764 used in treatment of contagious diseases 1625 worn out in service 752 Public records, destruction of, prohibited 893 90 INDEX TO EXTRACTS Public records, information from, how furnished 894 Quartermaster's Depai'tment, allowances from Ki'JS, 110<)-1176, la83, 1588- transportation by 86, 155, r2u()-12U-i, 1212. 1221-1225, 1235, 1236, 1633, 1679-168ii Quarters, allowance of 1086, 1088, 1098, 1550 hospital stewards'. (See Hospital SteAvard^s' (.luarturs.) inspections of 951 Ration, allowance of ^1367,1371 composition of ■ 1367 definition of term 1367 economical administration of 274,275' issues of 1369-1394 of absent men to be deducted 1373 of acting assistant surgeons 1393,1550' of civilian employe admitted to hospital 1629 returns 1369 savings from 274,1387,1388,1390- settlement of differences of, between hospitals and companies, how niade_ 1374 Records, blank books for, by whom furnished 1673 hospital. (See Hospital Recofds.) of assistant medical purveyors 1674 of medical directors 1675- of physical examinations of recruits 930 public. (See Public Records.) Recruits for Hospital Corps, instruction of '. 1567 medical examination of 925-930 vaccination of 927 Regulation hospitals, construction of 1604 Repairs to fmblic property 755,1582 Reports by medical officers ' 1617, 1662-1672 meteorolcgical 1665 of epidemic diseases 1664 of recruits examined 930 personal. (See Personal Reports.) sanitary. (See Sanitary Reports.) Requisitions, regulations concerning 820,1117,1617 Retired enlisted men, medical attendance to 1635- Retired officers, medical attendance to 1635 Returns of Medical Department . 1573, 1661-1672 Reviews, how conducted 485,486 Rice, ration of 136T Roll-calls 417 Sales of piiblic property, disposal of proceeds of 689-692,1657 of subsistence supplies 1406 Salt, ration of 136T Saluting, rules concerning : 433-441 Sanitary reports 1642. Savings from ration 1387,1388 Secretary of War assigns medical directors 1541 designates members of Army Medical Board of Examiners 1542 Sick leave (to officers) 60,65 Sick report book •. 1610' Signature to official communications to be made with pen 838 Sleeping-car and stateroom accommodations 1212 Soap, ration of 1367 Soldiers' Home, admission of enlisted men to 171,172. Specimens, pathological. (See Pathological Specimens.) Staff officers, control of .818 personal reports required from 897 requisitions and estimates of, to whom submitted 820- Standard suj^ply table 1645,1649 Storekeeper, medical. (See Medical Storekeeper.) Stoves, allowance of 1098 Straw, allowance of, for bedding 1150 requisitions for ^__^ 1117 FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 91 Subsistence supplies. (See Ration.) Sugar, ration of 1367 Supplies, medical and hospital. (See Medical aud Hospital Supplies.) Supply table, standard. (See Standard Supply Table.) Surgeon, appointment of 10-42,1543 examination of 1542, 1543 Surgeon, acting assistant. (See Acting Assistant Surgeon.) Surgeon, assistant. (See Assistant Surgeon.) Surgeon, civilian, who tenders services, allowances to 1554 Surgeon General, administrative officer of Medical Department 1538 determines number of members of Hospital Corps to be stationed at arsenals, recruiting depots, etc 1579 ^ determines number ot hospital matrons to be stationed at hos- pitals, arsenals, and recruiting depots 1615 directs purchase and distribution of medical and hospital sup- plies 1539 exercises control over general hospitals, hospital boats, rail- . way trains, and transports 1612-^/&/ furnishes books of record for Medical Department 1673 furnishes estimates, plans, and specifications for construction aud repair of hospitals and hospital stewards' ciuarters__1004, 1608 instructs as to expenditure of hospital fund 1632 issues diet tables for patients in hospitals 1618 prescribes regulations for issue of artificial limbs 1678 Surgeon's call 1610 Surgical instruments, care of 1654,1655 Tea, ration of 1.367 Tents used in treatment of contagious diseases, disposal of 1625 Transfer of enlisted men 115,116 of funds belonging to Medical Department 1653 of privates to Hospital Corps 1564-1566 Transportation in procuring artificial limbs 1679-1682 . of articles donated to Army 3Iedical Museum, etc 1235 of baggage 1200-1204,1221-1225 of books donated to posts 1236 of civilian surgeons who tender their services 1554 of medical and hospital stores 1236 of medical and official publications 1633 of musical instruments donated to posts 1236 of public property for issue to militia 1235 of remains of deceased officers and enlisted men 86, 155 Travel allowances.. __.,^ 1476-1478,1551 Travois, issue of „ 1585 Uniform of enlisted men, what constitutes 266 when to be worn 265 Vaccination, rules concerning 107, 927 Vinegar, ration of 1367 Visits, official. (See Official A'isits.) • Wounded, care and treatment of 1590-1602 lists of, to be foi'warded l 1669 Yeast powder, ration of 1367 Yellow fever, reports of, by medical officers 1664 EXTKACTS FEOM ARMY EEdULATIONS. War Department, February d, 1889. The President of the United States directs that the fol- owing Begulations for the Army be published for the Government of all concerned, and that they be strictly observed. Nothing contrary to the tenor of these regulations will be enjoined in any part of the forces of the United States by any commander what- soever. WM. C. ENDICOTT, Secretary of War. 1. Inferiors are required to obej strictly, and to execute promptly, the lawful orders of the superiors appointed over them. 2. Military authority muU be exercised with firmness, kindness, and justice. Punish- ments must conform to law, and follow the offense as promptly as circumstances will permit. 3. Superiors are forbidden to injure those under them by tyrannical or capricious conduct, or by abusive language. 4. Deliberations or discussions among military men conveying praise, or censure, or any mark of approbation toward others in the military service, and all publications relative to transactions between officers of a private or personal natvuje, are prohibited. 18. An officer of the Pay or 3Iedical Department cannot exercise^ommand, except in his own department ; Imt, by virtue of his commission, he may command all enlisted men like other commissioned officers. 60. Application for leave of absence on account of sickness will be made to the im- mediate commanding officer, who will refer it to the post surgeon for an examination of the applicant. Should the surgeon find the applicant's physical or mental condi- tion such as to make it necessary for him to leave his station, to secure a restoration to health, he will submit to the commanding officer a medical certificate (Form No. 46, Adjutant General's Department), in which he shall state explicitly the nature, seat, and degree of the disease, wound, or disability, the cause thereof, if known, and the period during which the officer has suffered from it. He shall also give his opinion as to whether the disease, wound, or disability can be satisfactorily treated within the de- partment or division in which the officer is stationed, or whether a change of climate or locality, Avithin the United States, is necessary to afford a prospect of more rapid or perfect recovery, in which case the special place, or region of country recommended, will be designated, with reasons therefor. The surgeon will also state whether, in his opinion, the disease, wound, or disability requires treatment by a specialist, and, if so, the nearest place where it can be obtained ; and whether the wound or disease inca- pacitates the officer for all duty, or whether he can perform special duty, and if so, the kind which he may imdertake without endangering his ultimate cure. 65. An ordinary leave will not be changed to a sick leave, unless the officer desiring it makes application therefor through his post commander, by whom it will be referred to the post surgeon, who will certity as to the necessity of the change, or otherwise, as the case may be. The post commander will forward the application through inter- mediate commanders, who will indorse their remarks thereon for the action of the General commanding the Army and the Secretary of War. In all reports concerning absence on account of sickness, the officer shall state how long he has been absent sick, and by what authority. 94 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 67. "SVhen an officer is ordered without troops from one post of duty to another, he will proceed by the shortest usually traveled route, without unnecessary delay. Upon his arrival at his new post he will immediately report in writing, to the commanding officer, the date of his departure from his former station, and submit a copy of his order, noting thereon the date he received it. If he shall appear to have made unnec- essary delay en route, he will be required to explain the cause thereof. If the post com- mander deem the explanation unsatisfactory, he will forward the same, with a state- ment of the facts in the case, to the department commander. If the officer be superior in rank to the post commander, the required report will be made, by the officer himself, to the department commander. 82. The death of an officer, with place, cause, day, and hour, will be reported, with- out delay, by his immediate commander, direct to the Adjutant General. A duplicate of this report will be forwarded to department headquarters. When the death occurs away from the officer's station, in hospital, or on leave, the medical officer, if one be present, or any officer having cognizance of the fact, will make the report. 86. The remains of officers killed in action, or who die when on duty in the field or at military posts, or when traveling under orders, will be decently inclosed in coffins, and, unless claimed by relatives or friends, will be transported by the Quartermaster's Department to the nearest military post or national cemetery for burial. The amount to be paid from the appropriation for incidental expenses for the expense of burial is limited to seventy-five dollars. The expense of transporting the remains and those who necessarily accompany them (which will be confined to the lowest possible limit) is payable from the appropriation for Army transportation. If buried at the place of death, a report of the fact will be made to the Adjutant General. 101. Sergeants of the post non-commissioned staff will be reported by name- on the post return. For the purpose of receiving their pay and allowances at a garrisioned post, they will be mustered on the hospital muster-roll. 106. Enlisted men detached from their companies will be provided with descriptive lists giving the pay due them, the condition of their clothing allowances, and all in- formation necessary to the settlement of their accounts with the Government, should they be discharged. When it can be avoided, the descriptive list will not be intrusted to the soldier, but to an officer, or non-commissioned officer, under whose charge he may be ; or it may be forwarded by mail. 107. In transferring soldiers from one command to another, or to a general or post hospital, company commanders and medical officers will note upon the descriptive lists the date and resvi^ of the last vaccination of each soldier. These entries will be copied and preserved in the vaccination records of the company or hospital to which the soldier is transferred. 108. Furloughs (Form No. 28, Adjutant General's Department) for a period of twenty days may be granted to enlisted men by the commanding officer of a post, or by a regi- mental commander, if the company or companies to which they belong are under his control. They will not be granted to soldiers about to be discharged. 109. Department commanders may grant furloughs to enlisted men, sergeants of the post non-commissioned staff excepted, for two months ; division commanders for three months ; and the commanding General of the Army for four months ; or they may ex- tend to such periods furloughs already granted. For a longer period than four months, the authority of the Secretary of War is necessary. 110. Furloughs to sergeants of the post non-commissioned staff, or to enlisted men acting as such, may be granted as follows : By a post commander for seven days, in case of emergency only; by a department commander for one month. Applications for furlough for a longer period will be forwarded to the Adjutant General for the decision of the Secretary of War. 115. Transfers of enlisted men will only be made for cogent reasons. They will be effected as follows : ******* 3. From a regiment to a staff corps or department, or from one department of the staff to another, by the Secretary of War. 116. Transfers will take effect on the receipt of the order at the post where the soldier is serving, and a descriptive list, containing the date of transfer, wall be for- warded to the commanding officer of the company or detachment to which the soldier is transferred. 117. When a soldier deserts, a board of survey will be called to ascertain whether he has lost or abstracted any articles of Government property, and, if so, to determine the money value of the same. The value of the articles thus found to be missing shall be charged against the deserter on the next muster-rolls of his company, which EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 95 will be accompanied Ly a copy of the board's report. A copy of so much of the pro- ceedings as relates to "the property charged on any muster-roll will accompany the return to which the jiroperty pertains. The board will also fully investigate the cir- cumstances attending desertion, and especially the causes which induced it, making a separate report in each case of its investigation and its conclusions thereon, which will be transmitted to department headquarters through intermediate channels. 119. Deserters absconding from or received at a post other than the station of the company or detachment to which they belong, will be reported by the commanding officer of such post to the commanding officers of their companies or detachments. If the deserters be recruits unattached, report will be made to the Adjutant General. 120. When a report is received of the apprehension or surrender of a deserter at a post other than the station of his company, his company commander will imme- diately forward his descriptive list and account of pay and clothing to the officer making the report. 121. An enlisted man apprehended or surrendering as a deserter will be critically examined by a medical officer at the post where he is received, and a report of this examination will be forwarded to department headquarters. If, on account of disease, age, or other permanent disability, the man be found unfit for service, the report, with the department commandei-'s recommendation thereon, will be forwarded to the Adjutant General. If, on the contrary, tlie examination shows the man's fitness for service, the department comma,nder will bring him to trial, or restore him to duty without trial, as the interests of the Government may dictate. 132. An enlisted man who absents himself from his post or company without au- thority shall forfeit all pay and allowances accruing during such absence, and, upon conviction by court-martial, make good the time lost. But no man shall be reported a deserter until after tbe expiration of ten days (should he remain that length of time away), unless the company commander has conclusive evidence of the absentee's in- tention not to return. Should he not return, or be apprehended, within the time named, his desertion will date from the commencement of the unauthorized absence. 139. When an enlisted man is to be discharged his company commander will furnish him final statements in duplicate. 140. When an enlisted man is discharged by expiration of service, his discharge shall take effect on the last day thereof— i. e.,' if enlisted on the second day of the month, his term will expire on the first day of the same month five years thereafter. 143. The cause of discharge, and the soldiers age at its date, will be stated in the body of the discharge certificate. His character will be accurately described at the bottom of the certificate, but if not sufficiently good to allow of his re-enlistment that portion of the certificate relating to character will be cutoff. The company commander shall, before submitting the discharge certificate to the post commander, inform the soldier of the "character" given him. Should the soldier feel that in- justice has been done him thereby, he may at once apply to the post commander for redress. Upon receiving such application the post commander shall immediately con- vene a board of officers to determine the facts in the case. The finding of the board, if approved by the post commander, will be briefly noted by him on the discharge certificate. The "character" given by the company commander, also the character as found by the board, will be noted erty will send, with his property return, a certified copj' of so much of the court-martial order as refers to the case, giving number, date, and place of issue of the order, and stating on the face of said copy the rolls on which the charges are made. 786. Damage to, and loss or destruction of, public property are divided into two classes, namely: such as are accidental, or due to causes over which the officer in charge has no control, and such as are preventable, and due to carelessness, will- fulness, or neglect. Accidental damages or defiGi|p«QSHW*«44^Hrther divided into such as occur in the ordinary course of service^ro^^tw i^ti^^^cy&mg.l to an active campaign. i 788. In order to relieve an officer from liab|l has been damaged, except by fair wear and t for the service, it shall, before being submitt^ 102 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY EEGULATIONS. examined by a board of survey. Exceptions will be made in cases of animals or other public property infected with contagious disease, which may be summarily disposed of by order of a commanding officer. 791. The party responsible for the property to be surveyed will, in all cases, furnish the original certificates or affidavits and the number of duly attested copies thereof required by a board of survey to accompany its proceedings. 818. Staff officers assigned to the command of a general or other officer are under his supervision and control in all matters pertaining to or atlectiug tlie command which are not specially excepted therefrom by the regulations or orders of the War Department. 820. Officers of staff departments, or officers doing duty therein at military posts, will submit their requisitions for supplies or property, and estimates for money, to their immediate commanding officers for revision and approval, prior to forwarding them. 836. Official letters will, in general, refer to one subject only. Those transmitting rolls, returns, or other papers, shall refer only to the matter transmitted. Communi- cations of not more than a single page in length will be transmitted on a half sheet of letter paper. When more than three pages of the sheet are required for the body of the communication, an additional half sheet or more, if necessary, will be neatly pasted to it, so that the last or outer page may be left entirely blank. 838. Official communications will be signed or authenticated with the pen and not by stamps or fac similes Signatures will be plainly and legibly written, with the rank and regiment or corps of tlie writer annexed ; if "by order," stating by whose order. 845. C(mim\inications, whether from an inferior to a superior, or vice versa, shall, as a general rule, i)ass through the intermediate commanders. In cases of pressing necessity, when delays attending this method may be hazardous, connnunication may be made direct, the necessity therefor being stated. This general rule will also govern in verbal applications. All communications from superiors to inferiors will be answered through the same channel as received. This paragraph, however, will not be interpreted as including matters in relation to which interm diate com- manders can have no knowledge, and over which they are not to be expected to exer- cise control. 846. Official correspondence between the heads of the different departments of the staff of any command and its commander will pass through the Adjutant General, Assistant Adjutant General, or adjutant of the command, as the case may be. Com- munications to or from a commander and his subordinates will pass through the same channel. Communications, however, between a disbursing officer and the chief of the bureau in which he serves, which relate exclusively to the routine of business in his department, will pass direct. 847. Except as provided in paragraph 851, all communications, reports, and esti- mates from (.fficers serving at a military post, and communications of every nature addressed to them relating to affairs of the post, will pass through the post com- mander. 865. The orderly hours being fixed at each headquarters, the staff officers and chiefs of the special services either attend in person, or send their assistants, to obtain the orders of the day. The first sergeants of companies repair for that purpose to the adjutant's office. The adjutant will attest the copy of each order, in the company order book, after it is made by the first sergeant. 871. At each regular muster of troops, a muster-roll and three muster and pay-rolls will be prepared and signed by the commander of each regiment, company, or separate detachment, and by the senior medical officer of each hospital. The regimental roll will report the regimental, field, staff (commissioned and non-connnissioned), and band ; the company roll, the officers and enlisted men belonging to the company; and the hospital roll,*the medical officers, the post non-commissioned staff, the hospital corps, and the authorized matrons — all to bear the signature of the inspecting and mustering officer, who will report thereon upon the discipline, efficiency, and appear- ance of the command. The muster-roll will be transmitted, by the mustering officer, to the Adjutant General within three days after the muster. Two of the muster and pay-rolls will be used l)y the paymaster in payment, and will be filed with his accounts; the third will be filed' with the records of the organization to which it pertains. 872. Companies will be designated on the rolls by letters and regiments, and by the names of their captains, whether present or absent. 873. The calculations on the pay-rolls are made by the paymaster. They will be EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 103 transcribed on the copy retained with tlieir records by company an>l dotachiuMit com- mandert?, who will enter thereon the name of the paymaster, with a certificate that they have witnessed the payment. 874. Soldiers in hospital will be mustered on the rolls of their company, if it be present at the post. Soldiers in hospital, or attached to a post or station, at which no company of their regiment is serving, will be mustered on detachment rolls, separate rolls being prepared for the men of each regiment. 875. Company commanders will note on the muster-rolls, in the column of remarks, all data concerning the pay of the soldier, or affecting his personal statns. If on ex- tra or daily duty, the number and source of ord-r; if on sick report, the nature of the disease or injury and whether contracted in the line of duty ; if undergoing for- feiture, the sentence, with number, date, and source of the order promulgating it, and of all orders affecting it. Forfeitures of pay not satisfied by the amount deducted at one payment will be carried to subsequent rolls until completed, noting ujiou each the total amount deducted to date. 876. In case of an apprehended deserter, the data will include the dates of last pay- ment, dates of desertion and apprehension, credits to the soldier on account of clothing, dues to the United States on account of ordnance, clothing, subsistence, etc., at date of desertion, and unsatisfied forfeitures under prior sentences. If, at any muster, the stoppages due the United States exceed the pay due the soldier, no settle- ment of his pay account will be attempted, but the entire account, as stated on the roll, including date of last payment, and all charges and remarks affecting pay, will be carried forward to the next muster-rolls, and to subsequent rolls, if necessary, until sufficient pay shall have accrued to enable the paymaster to collect all dues to the United States and pay a balance to the soldier ; and no roll thall bear an entry in the column of " last paid " which does not represent an actual settlement of the soldier's pay account, by a paymaster, to the date stated. In cases of stoppage of pay to reimburse th-^ United States, the rolls will show to what staff departments the stoppages pertain, to enable the pay department to properly dispose of the col- lection. It is an error to infer from the first sentence of paragraph 870 of the Regulations that the irhole paragraph ajtplies to cases of deserters only. The remainder of that paragraph is of general application, and in no case should a company officer assume to make a settlement of a soldier's pay account or ^^tate a date of last payment which does not represent an actual settlement bv a paymaster to the date stated. {Dec. fir. 10. 1880.) 877. Corrections on muster-rolls, after muster and bef re they have been forwarded to Washington, will only be made with the ajtproval of the mustering officer. Re- tained rolls will not be changed until authority therefor has been obtaineil from the Adjutant General. 8ii2. The use of colored inks (except as carmine or red ink is used in annotation and ruling) is prohibited in the rec< rds and corresi)ondence of the Army. 893. No record, jiaper, or document of any kind, deposited in a public office, will be destroyed, withdrawn, or taken away by any person, iinder the penalties prescribed in sections 5403 and 5408, Revised Statu es. 894. No information will be given, by any individual in the military s-rvice, to any person which can be made the basis of a claim against the Government, except it be given, as the regulations prescribe, to the proper officers of the War, Treasury, or Interior Departments, or the Departnient of Justice. Information concerning sick and wounded officers and enlisted men may be freely given to any one to allay anxiety of friends. The fact of death may be conmiunicated to relatives, but no cir- cumstances connected therewith which could be made use of in prosecuting claims against the Government. 895. Officei's ari-iving at the seat of Gove nnient will repoit at.the .\djutant Gen- eral's office. They will there record their names and residences in the city, and the authority by which they are absent frum their stations. 897. Officers of the supply departments of the staff, and <»fficers doing duty as such, will forward, on the last day of every month, to the heads of their respective depart- ments, a personal report, giving their stations, post-office addresses, and a statement of the duties upon which they have been employed during the month. 898. Officers on detached duty will forward, on the last day of every month, to the Adjutant General and t > the commanders of their posts, regiments, or corps, a report of their stations, the nature of their duties, and the authority placing them thereon ; also each change of address. Like reports will be forwarded monthly, to the Adju tant General, by all officers of the staff corps not reported on monthly uivioiuu. uu 104 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. partment, or post returns. The date an officer assumes, or is relieved from, any duty, will be stated in his report for the month during which the change occurred. 925. The physical examination of recruits will be conducted in accordance with Greenleaf 's "Epitome of Tripler's Manual fur the Examination of Recruits." The examination form of a recruit should be transmitted by department recruiting officers to the proper regimental headquarters, together with one of the enlistment papers. (Dee. CiV. 4, 1889.) 926. The recruiting officer will be present at the phj-sical examination of the re- cruit by the medical officer. When there is no medical officer, the recruiting officer will make the required examination. 927. Every man enlisted into the Army shall be vaccinated by a medical officer : the operation to be performed at once, if the enlisted man is at a military post or station, or within two days after arrival at a depot if enlisted at a recruiting rendezvous. Re-enlisted men will also be vaccinated unless they bear the mar . of a previous vac- cination on the outer aspect of the left leg. 930. A register of the medical examination of recrui s will be kept at each recruit- ing station and depot, A report of the recruits examined during tlie preceding mouth will be transmitted, on the first day of every month, to the Surgeon Geueial, who will furnish blanks for the purpose, as well as the blank registers of medical ex- aminations of recruits. When a register is filled it will be transmitted to the Surgeon General. 950. Cap ains will inspect their companies every Sunday morning. Cavalry and field artillery will usually be mounted when the weather will permit. No one will be excused from Sunday inspection except the guard, the sick, and the necessary at- tendants in hospital. The following order of the President is published for the information and guidance of the Army, viz : Executive Mansion, Jtnie 7, 1889. In November, 1862, President Lincoln quoted the words of Washington to sustain his own views, and announced in a general order that — " The President, Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, desires and enjoins the orderly observance of the Sabbath by the officers and men in the military and naval service. The importance for man and beast of the prescribed weekly rest, the sacred rights of Christian soldiers and sailors, a becoming deference to the best sentiment of a Christian people, and a due regard for the Divine will demand that Sunday labor in the Army and Navy be reduced to the measure of strict necessity." The truth so concisely stated cannot be too faithfully regarded, and the pressure to ignore it is far less now than in the midst of war. To recall the kindly and considerate spirit of the orders issued by these great men in the most trying times of our history, and to promote contentment and efficiency, the President directs that the Sunday morning inspection will be merely of the dress and general appearance, without arms ; and the more complete inspection under arms, with all men present, as required in paragraph 950, Army Regulations, 1889, will take place on Saturday. BENJ. HARRISON. By the President: Redfield Proctoi?, Secretary of War. 950. Captains will make a complete inspection of their companies under arms every Saturday. Cavalry and field artillery will usually be mounted when the weather will permit. No one will be excused from Saturday inspection except the guard and the sick in the hospital. An inspection, of the men's dress and general appearance only, will also be made on Sunday morning. 951. Company commanders will make a daily inspection of the men's quarters and kitchens, giving particular attention to cleanliness and the proper preparation of food. 952. Medical officers in charge of hospitals will insi)ect them every morning. On Saturday they will also inspect the detachment of the Hospital Corps. 953. Besides these inspections, fi-equen; visits will be made during the month by the post commander and the senior medical officer to the men's quarters, the hospital, guard-house, etc. 968. Officers having public proi erty requiring inspection will prepare signed in- ventories thereof, in triplicate, on the blank forms furnished by the inspector General, and will forward one of the set, through their immediate commanding officers, to the commander of the department, or army in the field, with a letter of transmittal, re- EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 105 questing that orders be issued directing an inspection of the property. Public animals will be inventoried singly, with brief description of color, sex, age, and distinguishing marks. 971. Inventories of unserviceable property will, as a rule, be forwarded to the de- partment, or superior headquarters, in anticipation of the visit of an inspector, but the latter will, during his tour, inspect all property presented to him for condemna- tion, on duly prepared inventories. 972. For inspection the property will be arranged in the order of enumeration in the inventory, and every article will be examined by the inspector. The officer re- sponsible for it will accompany hiiu and be prepared to give all necessary information as to its use, care, the means taken to preserve it, and its present condition, with cause thereof. 974. Public property in use will not be reported as unserviceable, nor condemned by an inspector, merely because wora or shabby in appearance, when it is really strong and serviceable. 975. Great care will be taken by both the inspector and responsible officer to prevent property once condemned, and ordered to be dropped from the returns, from being again presented for inspection. "When public property is presented to an inspector for con- demnation, the officer responsible will certify on the inventory' that the property has not been previously condemned. 977. Inventories submitted to inspectors will state, in the case of damaged or inferior stores submitted to the insjtector, the depot whence they were obtiiined, the marks upon them, and, if practicable, the marks uimju original packages, with the names of con- tractors and inspectors who furnished and passed the articles. 979. In case the shipment or sale of medical property is recommended by an inspector, the report will be forwarded to the Surgeon General for an expression of an opinion as to its disposition before final orders are given. 980. Inspection reports of condemned property will be made in triplicate on the blank inventory and inspection reports furnished for that purpose, each comi)lete in itself and showing fully the action of the inspector. If all articles inspected are ftnmd to have no money value at or near the place, and are destroyed by the order and in the presence of the inspector, one of the triplicates will be forwarded by him to the head- quarters of the department, and the other two delivered to the responsible officer. In other cases all of the set will be forwarded to the department or division headquarters for orders as to final disposition of the property. 981. Division and department commanders, and an officer commanding an army in the field, may give orders, on the reports of authorized inspectors, to sell, destroy, or make such other disposition of condemned property as the case may require— the sale of ordnance and ordnance stores (exclusive of equipments, etc., for mounted and foot troops) excepted, for whi< h the ordei-s of the Secretaiy of War must be given ; and the sale and shipment of medical property also excepted, until the opinion of the Surgeon General is obtained, as provided in paragraph 979. If the property be of considerable value, and there is good reason to suppose that the property could be more advantage- ously applied or disposed of elsewhere than within the command, it will be referred to the chief of the staff department to which it belongs, for the orders of the AVar De- partment. 983. Ordf^rs for the final disposition of condemned property will be indorsed, by the proper authority, on the inspection reports— each of the triplicates being made complete in itself. One of the set will be forwarded to the chief (tf the staff department to which the property belongs, and two to the officer accountable therefor. The ^accountable officer will forward one, or suitable extracts therefrom, with his accouuts,*and file the others with his retained papers. 994. A medical officer, charged with the commission of an offense, need not be placed in arrest until the court-martial for his trial convenes, if the service would be incon- venienced thereby, unless the charge is of a flagrant character. 1085. An acting assistant surgeon is entitled to the allowance of quarters stipulated in his contract, which allowance should be that of a fir t lieutenant, or computation therefor. He will not choose quarters over an officer having a commission, but may not be displaced therefrom by a second lieutenant. The commanding officer may, when practicable, assign him for continued occupancy quarters near the hospital 1086. An officer is not deprived of quarters in kind, or commutation therefor, by a temporary absence on dutj'. 1088. An officer on sick leave is entitled to public quarters at his station during the period of sick leave, not exceeding six months, provided he or his family actually occupy them. He can only hold hired quarters, however, while he is personally an occupant. 106 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 1090. The Quartermaster's Department may sell fuel, in accordance with paraj^raph 1089, to contract surgeons and to the families of officers who are temporarily absent. 1098. The following table shows the number of rooms, the quantity of fuel, and the allowance of cooking and heating-stoves to be supplied for the use of officers and men in quarters and barracks: Rooms. Cords of wood i)er month. Increased allowance from Sep- tember to April, both inclusive. For quar- ters. For office. 1 1 s o o 2 8 o -/J < be < o S ! < 1 s 2 i! V 1 O i o o 1 a 1 o 1 I 1 i o be ' a 1 A hospital steward 1 y2 1 2 Ye 2 % M 2/ 1 Each necessary fire for the sick in hospital at a military post or sta- tion, to be regulated by the sur- geon and commanding officer, not exceeding For general hospitals, when neces- sar}% not exceeding, for each bed_ Each employe of the Medical De- partment lo whom subsistence in kind is issued by the Government- — y\% Each private and hospital matron ! Each necessary fire for the sick in hospital, each dispensary and hospital mess-room, at a military post or station, to be regulated by the surgeun and commanding officer, not exceeding Each hospital kitchen 1 1 : 1104. If at a military post, siiuated between the 3(3th and 4:M degrees of latitude, the mean temperature for twenty consecutive days of any calendar month is not above 20 degrees Fahrenheit, an increase of fuel of one-third instead of one-fourth, as shown in the table, shall be allowed. If the temperature is not above 10 degrees, an increase of one-half shall be allowed, whatever the latitude of the place. 1105. When an increased issue is made under the preceding paragraph, the certificate of the post surgeon as to the mean temperature, and the order of the post commander for the issue, will be filed with the Abstract of Issues. HOP). Matches will be issued by the Quartermaster's Department for lighting the fires and lamps for which fuel and illuminating supplies are issued by that department, in such quantities as commanding officers may order and certify as necessary for the purpose. The Quartermaster's Department will purchase matches from the Subsistence Department at cost price foi the issues herein authorized. J.I08. Lamps having one or two burners will be issued as follows, viz: To troops in arra cks, at the rate of one burner for every ten men and every fraction thereof (when EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 107 the fraction is f\\e or more) of the maximum strength allowed the organization. To troops in hospitals, at the rate of one burner for every ten men or every fraction thereof, when the fraction is five or more. To each non-commissioned staff officer and to each first sergeant, a lamp with a single burner. 110:>. For the guard-house, post school-rooms when used at night, and the authoiized ofticee, a lamp with a single burner for each room ; for post reading-rooms and post libraries, such number of burners, not exceeding four for each room, as may be certified by the post commander to be necesssary ; for post hospitals such number of burners, not exceeding one for each ward or room, as may be deemed necessary by the post surgeon and post commander. 1117. Only one requisiton for each month will be made by company and detachment commanders for fuel, forage, straw, matches, mineral oil, wicking, chimneys, and other illuminating supplies which may be similarly expended. These requisitions, as approved by^,tlie post commander, will be consolidated by him, and the consolidated requisition, in duplicate, furnished the post quartermaster, who will make issues thereon. 1150. When mattresses are not supplied for prisoners in the guard-house and enlisted men in the field, there will be allowed to each man a bed-sack, with thirty pounds of straw per month for bedding, and to men in liospital such quantity as the surgeon shall certify to be necessary. 1176. The Quartermaster's Department will procure the necessary ambulances for transporting the sick and wounded, upon the requisition of the proper medical officer. 1200. Officers traveling upon transportation requests of the Quartermaster s Depart- ment are authorized to carry with them, at p\iblic expense, a quantity of baggage not exceeding in any case 150 pounds, or so much of that amount as they may require. This quantity will include that portion carried free by the several transportation lines over which they jovarney. 1201. Officers drawing mileage are not entitled to transportation for baggage, at public expense, except when changing stations, and as provided in the foregoing para- graph, 1202. Officers traveling under orders with transportation furnished them in kind by the Quartermaster's Department, and who desire to retain in their possession a quantity of baggage greater than that passed free for passengers by the carrier, will be furnished with transportation requests, on which will be stated that portion of the 150 pounds of baggage allowed by the regulations, in excess of the quantity which, by the tariff of the respective carriers, is transported free. The officers receiving the request will certify, in the receipt appended thereto, whether transportation for such excess of baggage has been furnished, and settlement will be made by the Quartermaster's Department with the respective carriers accordingly. 1204. Quartermasters in issuing requests for the transportation of officers and others traveling under orders will, in no case, include therein public property of any de- scirption, nor personal baggage in excess of that portion of the 150 pounds which is not carried free, and which an officer traveling under orders may take with him under paragraph 1200 1212. Officers of the Army traveling on duty with troops, clerks and agents in the military service traveling under orders on public business, sergeants of the post non- commissioned staff, hospital stewards, and non-commissioned officers of like grade, ser- geants of the Signal Service, and General Service men, when traveling on duty with- out troops, and, when necessary, invalid soldiers traveling under orders, will be allowed one double berth in a sleeping-car, or the customary state-room accommodations on boats, and steamers where extra charge is made for such accommodations. The same allowance is authorized, in the discretion of the Chief Signal Officer, in cases of corporals and privates of the Signal Corps, when traveling on duty under orders without troops, when traveling at night, or when the travel exceeds twelve continuous hours. Officers of the Army traveling on duty with troops shall also be allowed one seat in a day parlor-car. 1221. In changing stations an officer's authorized allowance of baggage will be turned over to the quartermaster for transportation, as freight, by ordinary freight lines, unless otherwise ordered by the department commander, or higher authority. No reimburse- ment will be made to an officer who, under such circumstances, sends packages by ex- press, or ships and pays for the transportation of his ]»aggage. 1222. The baggage to be transported at the public expense, including mess-chests and personal baggage, shall not exceed the following amounts: 108 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. Field officers Captain First lieutenant Acting assistant surgeon . Hospital stewards In the Changing field. stations. Pojinds. Pounds. 500 2,400 200 2,000 150 1,700 150 1,200 500 These allowances are in excess of the weight transported free of charge under the regular fares, by public carriers. They may be reduced pro rata by the commanding officer, if necessary, and may, in special cases, be increased by the Quartermaster Gen- eral on transports by water. 1223. The Quartermaster's Department will transport the change of station allow- ance of baggage, for officers or enlisted men upon retirement, or who die in the service, from their last stations of duty to such places within the limits of the United States as may be the homes of their families, or as may be designated by their heirs or executors. 1224. Transportation of change of station allowances of baggage is authorized for contract surgeons joining for duty under the first order, and on return tQ their homes on the termination of their contracts, if therein provided for. Graduates of the Mili- tary Academy and officers promoted from the ranks will be provided with transporta- tion for the field allowance of baggage on their first assignment to duty as commis- sioned officers. With these exceptions transportation of baggage at the public expense is not authorized for officers, joining for duty after first appointment to military service, or upon reinstatement or reappointment ; nor to effect changes of station, or transfers from one company or regiment to another, made at the request of the parties. 1225. The Quartermaster's Department will furnish transportation for the regi- mental and company desks prescribed in regulations ; for the books, papers, and instruments of staff" officers necessary to the performance of their duties ; for the medical chests of medical officers, and for the professional books of all officers of the Army, on changing station, of officers ordered home for retirement, and graduates of the United States Military Academy, which they may certify as belonging to them individually, and pertaining to their official duties — such books to be considered not as personal but as public baggage. Invoices of packages turned over to the shipping officer shall in all cases be accompanied by the certificate of the officer as to the character of the books ; a certified copy of the certificate will be attached to the bill of lading issued by the shipping officer at the initial point of shipment. 1235. The Quartermaster's Department is authorized to receive and forward to their respective destinations (under the regulations governing the transportation of mili- tary property, and on the same form of bills of lading) articles donated by persons to the following institutions, viz : The Medical Museum at Washington ; the library and museum of the Military Service institution at Governor's Island, New York ; the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. Packages will be marked with the name of the institution, and sent in care of depot quartermasters at Wash- ington or New York, or quartermaster. West Point. Arms, ordnance stores, quartermaster's stores, and camp equipage issued to the sev- eral States and Territories under the law for arming and equipping the militia (24 Statutes, 401), will be turned over to the Quartermaster's Department for transporta- tion to the point within the State or Territory designated by the Governor thereof. Officers of the Quartermaster's Department will use separate bills of lading in for- warding property under the provisions of tlys law, and will state and pay the ac- counts for such transportation upon forms of the Quartermaster's Department appli- cable, as in the case of transportation of Army supplies. 1230. The Quartermaster's Department is authorized to transport articles purchased with hospital or company funds from the place of purchase to the station of the hos- pital or company (distilled or fermented liquors and perishable vegetables excepted), provided the articles are purchased at the nearest accessible markets, that their cost or intrinsic value added to the cost of transportation is not greater than their cost at the station of the company, and that they are not kept for issue or sale by any of the EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 109 staff departments. Subject to the same conditions, the transportation of books and musical instruments purchased for, or donated to, post chapels and to post and com- pany libraries is also authorized. 1271. A table showing the price of clothing and equipage for the Army, the allow- ance of clothing in kind to each soldier for each year of his enlistment, and his cloth- ing money allowance for each year and day thereof, also the allowance of camp and garrison equipage to officers and enlisted men, will be published in General Orders annually, or oftener if changes in patterns or price require. Five dollars in clothing money allowance, in addition to that fixed in the price-list, will be granted to all en- listed men for the first year of every enlistment. 1272. Estimates of clothing and equipage, based on the organic strength of the command and stating the quantities and sizes of articles required, will be made on Form No. 48 by the commander of each company or separate detachment in the early part of each calendar year. Any estimate for more than ten per cent, in excess of the annual allowance must contain full explanation of the necessity therefor. 1273. Each company and detachment commander will forward one copy of his esti- mate to the commanding officer of the post, who, after careful revision, shall cause the post quartermaster to consolidate them, adding such articles as may be needed for post purposes. The quantity for each company will be stated on a separate line, and from the total the actual or probable amount on hand will be deducted. The company or detachment estimate will be retained in the office of the post quartermaster for the information and guidance of the officers at the post. 1287. Clothing will be issued to enlisted men by company commanders, who will take their receipts for the same, on a receipt roll (Form No. 46) witnessed b^- an officer, or if there be no officer available at the post, by a non-commissioned officer. The several issues to a soldier will be entered separately on the roll, and all vacant spaces remaining therein will be filled with parallel lines. The receipt-roll should be accompanied by a certificate of the issuing officer, stating that the money value of each article issued has been entered in the company clothing book. The roll should set forth the several amounts charged, in dollars and cents. It is the voucher for the issue as reported on the quarterly return of the company commander. 1289. It is the duty of the witnessing officer, who affixes his signature to the cloth- ing receipt-roll, to witness the fact of issue, and the written acknowledgment of the soldier on both the roll and clothing book of the company; also to see that the several issues are separately entered on the roll and vacant spaces filled before the soldier's signature is made. The witnessing officer's signature will be considered his acknowl- edgment that he has performed this duty. 1290. Each soldier's clothing account is kept by the company commander in a " Company Clothing Book." The account sets out the money value of the clothing received by the soldier at each issue, for which his receipt is entered in the book, and is witnessed as explained in the preceding paragraph. 1291. The company or detachment coainiander will settle the clothing accounts of all men of his command on the 30th June and 31st December of each year; but in case of recruits such settlement will be made on the June and December roll next follow- ing the expiration of six months' service. The entire amount thus found due the United States will be charged to the soldier upon the muster-rolls for the months end- ing with June and December, and upon subsequent rolls until the w^hole amount is deducted. 1292. The balance due the soldier at either of these dates will be credited to him upon the company clothing book. It will not be placed upon the muster-rolls, but the final balance due at date of discharge will 1)6 entered upon the final statements. In the case of deserters, balances due them or the United States at date of desertioii will be entered on the muster-rolls upon w^hich their names are dropped. In case of trans- fer, such balances will be entered on the descriptive list. All balances of this charac- ter will be stated in words and figures. 1295. Xo gratuitous issues of clothing can be made except under Section 1298, Re- vised Statutes, to replace articles destroyed to prevent the spread of contagious dis- ^ eases. Should it, however, bscome necessary to issue new clothing for use in the burial of a deceased soldier, as in the case of a man who dies away from his proper command and under circumstances which render the clothing which he has with him unfit for burial purposes, the cost of the issue wull be borne by the Government. Com- pensation for articles lost by fire, flood, or other casualty, through no fault or neglect of the owner, may be made under the provisions of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1885. Proceedings of a board of survey should, if possible, accompany any application under this act, sho\f ing fully the circumstances attending loss. 110 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 1324, At posts supplied with copying presses, all correspondence merely routine, such as letters of transmittal, or indorsements having no recommendations, etc., shall be copied in a press copying-book; but correspondence involving the rights of persons, or property, will always be entered in the permanent records of the office. 1367. A ration is the established daily allowance of food for one person. As now fixed its components are as follows: Twelve ounces of pork or bacon, or canned beef (fresh or corned), or one pound and four ounces of fresh beet, or twentj^-two ounces of salt beef ; eighteen ounces of soft bread or flour, or sixteen ounces of hard bread, or one pound and four ounces of corn meal ; and to every one hundred rations, fifteen pounds of beans or peas, or ten puunds of rice or hominy; ten pounds of green coffee or eight of roasted (or roasted and ground) coffee, or two pounds of tea ; fifteen pounds of sugar ; four quarts of vinegar ; four pounds of soap ; four pounds of salt ; four ounces of pepper ; one pound and eight ounces of adamantine or star candles ; and to troops in the field, when necessary, four pounds of yeast-powder to one hundred rations of flour. 1369. Issues will be made to troops on ration returns (Form No. 66) signed by the immediate commander and approved by the commanding officer of the post or sta- tion. These returns will call for only such limited quantity of stores as can be re- ceived and properly cared for by the troops drawing, and will, ordinarily, be made but for a few days at a time. They will be consolidated for the post or regiment (Form No. 60) when practicable, and numbers drawn for will include only the strength of the command actually present. At the end of the calendar month the commissary shall enter on separate abstracts, for each class of troops, every return upon which he has issued rations in that month. The commanding officer shall com- pare these abstracts with the original ration returns, and if they are correct will so certify thereon. 1371, Sergeants and corporals of the Ordnance Department are entitled, each, to one and one-half rations per day ; all other enlisted men and hospital matrons to one ration per dary each. 1373. When men leave their company, the rations drawn for them and left with it will be deducted from the next ration return for the company; a like rule will govern in case of men leaving the hospital. When rations are drawn for a few persons sepa- rately from their company, hosintal, or mess, the names of such persons will be written on the ration return. 1374. On each issuing day a settlement will be made, between each company and the hospital, of any difference of rations arising from men entering or leaving the hospital for whom rations had been previously drawn by the company or hospital. Such set- tlement will be submitted to the commanding officer with the returns, and he will see that it is correct. 1387. Savings from the ration may be sold for the benefit of the company, hospital, bakery, or other organization to which they belong, at the discretion of the officer in charge thereof, unless the Subsistence Depai'tment requires the stores for reissue, in which case they must be sold to it. Yeast-powder issued but not used will not be sold as savings, but must be returned to the Subsistence Department, 1388. The Subsistence Department will purchase, at the invoice price of the last lot of the article received by the officer making the purchase, prior to the first day of the month in which the purchase is made, such sound and well-conditioned articles of the ration (fresh beef and bread excepted) saved by companies, hospitals, bakeries, or other organizations, as the officers in charge thereof may desire to sell to the depart- ment. Savings or sales of fresh beef, after issue to the troops, are prohibited. The purchase vouchers (of savings) (Forms Nos, 16 and 17) will be made out in the letter, name, or proper designation of the company, hospital, or command to which the savings belong, and will be paid to the actual commanders of companies, to the officers in charge of hospitals, bakeries, etc, by any officer performing duty in the Subsistence Department having funds for the purpose, preferably, and always when practicable, by the officer who takes up the stores, and in the month in which he accounts for them. The name of the companj' commander, medical or other officer, the letter or name of the company, hospital, or bakery from which the savings are purchased, as well as the articles and quantities, must be entered on the abstract of purchases (Form No, 31) for the month. The purchase vouchers will be made in duplicate, when the officer purchasing the savings pays for them in the same month in which he takes them up on his return. These vouchers will accompany his accounts cur- rent. If not paid for in the month in which purchased, quadruplicate vouchers will be made out — one set, without receipts, to accompany the returns of subsistence stores for the month. EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. Ill 1389, Issues to hospital will be made on ration returns (Form No. 66) signed by the medical officer in charge, and approved by the post commander. These returns will be made for a few days at a time. They will be entered on the abstract of issues to troops (Form No. 39). 1390, The rations or parts of rations not drawn (including fresh beef) to which the hospital is entitled, ^hall be purchased and accounted for by the commissary (Form No. 17). The money value of these undrawn rations shall be paid to the senior medical officer at the post or station. The fresh beef so purchased will be dropped from the return of subsistence stores as "Dropped, undrawn by hospital. See Re- turns No, and No. , Abstract of Issues to Troops," on which abstract, oppo- site the entry of the proper ration return, will be noted the number of rations un- drawn, 1391, Accounts for the l>oard of soldiers in private hospitals will not be paid by commissaries of subsistence. Tlie settlement of such accounts is assigned to the Med- ical Department, - 1393, One ration per day. in kind, may ])e issued to a contract i>liysician when the ' stipulations of his contract provide foi it. Such rations will be drawn on ration re- turns, approved by post connuanders, and in the month Avhen due. 1394, Rations will not be issued to destitute persons, except when, to prevent starvation or extreme suffering, the overruling demands of humanity shall move the commanding officer to assume the responsibility of ordering limited issues, he trust- ing to the circumstances, which will be fully stated in the order for the issue, that the Secretary of War will sustain his action, 1406. Any officer of the Army (including contract surgeons, on his certificate that they are for his personal or fami y use, or for an officer's mess of which he is caterer, may purchase from the Subsistence Department any article denominated "subsistence stores," except forage for beef-cattle, paying cash therefor at cost price. An enlisted man may, on a written permit designating the quantities, and approved by the com- manding officers of his company and of tlie post, make like purchases for cash, A company, detachment, or -hospital may purchase in like manner, and at the same rates, upon the certificate of the officer commanding the company or detachment, or in charge of the hospital, that the stores are necessary for the exclusive use of such company, detachment, or hospital. Sales to officers will be reported on the ab- stract of sales to officers (Form No. 42) ; those to enlisted men, and to companies, detachments, and hospitals, on the abstract of sales to enlisted men (Form No. 45), The commanding officer will compare the certificates and permits with the com- missary's abstracts of sales (Forms Nos. 42 and 45) and if correct, will so certify on the abstracts, 1449, An officer or contract surgeon leaving the service shall, before receiving final payment, produce certificates from the several accounting officers of the Government as to his indebtedness to the United States, and shall make an affidavit, upon the final voucher, to the correctness of the several items contained therein, stating the place of his residence, and the fact that he is not indebted to the United J^tutes vn any account whatever, except as shown by said certificates, 1476, The maximum sum allowed contract surgeons when traveling on duty, or from the place of annulling to the place of making the contract, unless such contract shall have been annulled for misconduct or neglect of duty, shall be four cents per mile, and in addition thereto, when transportation cannot be furnished by the Quar- termaster's Department, the cost of the same actually paid by them, exclusive of sleeping or parlor-car fare and transfers, 1478. In the following cases no expense of travel is allowed : In joining for duty upon first appointment to the military service ; or under the first order after a rein- statement, or reappointment ; or under an order to effect a change of station, or a transfer from one company or regiment to another which has been made at the request of the parties. Assistant surgeons, contract surgeons joining for duty under the first order, graduates of the Military Academy joining their stations, and enlisted men journeying under first order after appointment or commission, are excepte'5 from these provisions. 1495. Officers in command of companies and detachments, and in charge of hos- pitals, will attend at the pay table, witness the payment of their men, and certify at the foot of the muster and pay-rolls that the payment was witnessed by them. All enlisted men present shall receipt the pay-roll tor the amount due them thereon. When a soldier cannot write, he will receipt by mark, which will be witnessed by a commissioned officer, 1510. On the death of a soldier, each deposit will be noted, with date, place, and 112 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. paymaster with whom deposited, in the inventory of his effects, and on the accom- panying final statements with which his deposit-book will be filed. 1538. The administrative duties of the Medical Department are performed by the Surgeon General under instructions of the Secretary of War. 1539. The Chief Medical Purveyor is the chief purchasing and disbursing officer of the depai'tment. Under the direction of the Surgeon General he supervises tlie pur- chase and distribution of all medical and hospital supplies. 1540. The assistant medical purveyors pay the^duly approved accounts against the Medical Department. They purchase, and keep^on hand at their depots, such supplies as the Surgeon General designates. 1541. The medical directors at division and department headquarters will be as- signed by the Secretary of War. 1542. No person shall receive the appointment of assistant surgeon unless he shall have been examined and approved by an Army medical board consisting of not less than three surgeons or assistant siirgeons designated by the Secretary of War; and no per- son shall receive the appointment of surgeon unless he shall have served at least five years as an assistant surgeon in the Regular Army, and shall have been examined and approved by an Army medical board consisting of not less than three surgeons, desig- nated as aforesaid. 1543. An assistant surgeon after five years' service is subject to an examination for promotion, and will then be expected to show continuous proficiency in all branches of medical science, and a correction of such deficiencies as may have been noted in his primary examiuation. He will be thoroughly examined in practical matters relating to his profession as a military surgeon, and especially in the hygiene and sanitation of troops, hospitals, garrisons, and camps. Failing in one he may be allowed a second examination at such a time as the Surgeon General may direct, but again failing he will be reported to the Secretary of War as not qualified for promotion. 1544. Candidates seeking appointment in the Medical Corps will apply to the Secre- tary of War for an invitation to appear before the medical board for examination. The application must be in the handwriting of the candidate, must state date and place of birth, State of permanent residence, and be accompanied by certificates, based upon personal acquaintance, from at least two reputable persons, as to citizenship, character, and habits. The candidate must be between twenty-one and twenty-eight years of age, and a graduate of a regular medical college, in evidence of which his diploma will be submitted to the board. 1545. The morals, habits, physical and mental qualifications, and general aptitude for the service, of each candidate, will be carefully investigated by the board, which will report the case unfavorably should it have a reasonable doubt that the candidate is deficient in any of these particulars. 154G. The general plan and scope of the examination will be as follows : 1. Consideration of a short essay to be prepared by the candidate, either autobio- graphical or upon some professional subject, to be indicated by the board. 2. A rigid physical examination of the candidate, who will be required to certify " that he labors under no mental or physical infirmity, or disability of any kind, which can in any way interfere with the efficient discharge of any duty that may be required." 3. Oral and written examinations in the elementary branches of education, general literature, and science. If found deficient in the subjects taught in' the common schools, especially in English grammar, arithmetic, and the history and geography of the United States, he will not be examined further. The examination in science will include chemistry and natural philosophy; that in genei^al literature will embrace Latin and English literature, and. history, ancient and modern. Candidates claiming proficiency in other branches of knowledge, such as the higher mathematics, ancient and modern languages, etc., will be examined therein, and receive due credit therefor. 4. Oral and written examinations on anatomy, physiology, surgery, practice of medi- cine and general pathology, obstetrics and diseases of women and children, pharmacy, materia medica, and therapeutics, medical jurisprudence and toxicology, and practical sanitation, 5. Clinical examination, medical and surgical, at a hospital. 6. Performance of surgical operations on the cadaver. Due ci'edit will be given for hospital training, and practical experience in surgery, practice of medicine, and obstetrics. The board will deviate from the general plan when necessary, in such manner as it deems best to secure the interests of the service. 1547. The board will report the merits of the candidates in each of the several branches of the examination, also their relative merit as evidenced by the result B EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 113 obtained from the entire examination. In accordance witli tlie report, the approved candidates will be appointed to existing vacancies, or to such as may occur within two years thereafter. An applicant failing in one examination may be allowed a second after one year, but not a third. 1548. No allowance will be made for the expenses of persons undergoing examination, but those who receive appointments will be entitled to travel allowances in obeying the first order assigning them to duty. 1549. When it is necessary to employ a physician as an acting assistant surgeon, a written contract (Form No. 38) will be entered into, at such rate of pay as may be de- termined by the Surgeon General; and no contract shall be made except by the latter, or on his authority previously obtained. When not actually made by the Surgeon General, the contract will be in quadruplicate: two of the set will b ; forwarded to him with the prescribed oath of office (Form No. o9), one will be retained by the officer making the contract, and the remaining one by the physician contracted with. The contract will be annulled only by the direction of the Surgeon General, or by a depart- ment or division commander. In all cases the date of termination of a contract will be immediately reported to the Surgeon General. 1550. An acting assistant surgeon shall receive, in addition to his pay, the quarters of a first lieutenant (or commutation therefor when no public quarters are available), and shall be furnished with the same fuel allowance as is prescribed for the latter; and, when serving west of the Mississippi River, shall receive a daily ration in kind. When necessary, he will be furnished a horse, and forage therefor, by the Quartermaster's Department. 1551. The maxirum sum allowed an acting assistant surgeon when traveling on duty, or from the place of annulling to the place of making the contract, unless such contract shall have been annulled for misconduct or neglect of duty, shall be four cents per mile, and in addition thereto, when transportation cannot be furnished by the Quartermaster's Department, the cost of the same actually paid by him, exclusive of sleeping or parlor-car fare and transfers. 1552. The pay accounts of an acting assistant surgeon, prepared on Form 3, Pay Department, certified to by the commanding officer that it is correct and according to contract, and that the services have been duly rendered, will be paid by the paymas- ter. The certificate will not be made, unless the contract has been appi'oved by the medical director of the department, or by the Surgeon General. Acting assistant surgeons may be granted leaves of absence in the same manner as commissioned officers of the Medical Department, but thej"^ arc not entitled to pay when absent on leave, whether on account of sickness or otherwise. 1553. Acting assistant surgeons are entitled to the same protection in their positions, and the same respect and obedience from enlisted men, as commissioned officers. They are not, however, to wear the uniform of a commissioned officer, nor any insignia of rank, nor shall they be entitled to a choice of quarters over a commissioned officer. 1554. Surgeons in civil life who tender their services for the benefit of the sick and wounded in the field, under the invitation of the Secretary of War, will be allowed transportation to and from the place to which they may be requested to i o, and the use of a public horse, a tent, and the privilege of purchasing stores from the Subsistence Department while rendering service. 1555. The Hospital Corps shall consist of hospital stewards, acting hospital stewards, and privates. All hospital services in garrison and in the field shall be perlormed by its members, who shall be regularly enlisted for, and permanently attached to, the Medical Department. In time of war, the corps shall perform the necessary ambulance service under such officers of the Medical Department and assistants as may be detailed to direct and supervise it. 1556. Candidates for promotion to the grade of hospital steward must pass a satis- factory examination in the subjects mentioned in paragraph 1557; also in the elemen- tary principles of hygiene, including ventilation, heating, and disinfecting; the princi- ples of materia medica, therapeutics, and minor surgery; and the administration of anaesthetics. Thej' must also possess a thorough knowlege of the regulations of the Medical Department. 1557. Candidates for the position of acting hospital steward must pass a satisfactory examination as to their physical condition, moral character, and general aptitude, and in the general principles of arithmetic, including decimal fractions and the rules of proportion; in orthography and penmanship; the Articles of War and the regula- tions affecting enlisted men; pharmacy; care and use of meteorological instruments and hospital and field appliances furnished by the Medical Department; the methods of rendering first aid to the sick and wounded; the ordinary modes of cooking. 114 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 1558. No person shall be appointed a hospital steward until he has demonstrated his fitness for the position by service of not less than a year as acting hospital steward. The examination required by paragraph 1556 shall only be made on the written au- thority of the Surgeon General, The examination of hospital stewards and acting hospital stewards shall be conducted by a board composed of all the commissioned medical officers of the post at which the applicant may be serving, and if there is no commissioned medical officer at the station the candidate shall be sent for examination to the nearest station provided with such an officer. It shall be both oral and written; the latter upon a series of questions prepared under the direction of the Surgeon Gen- eral, to whom the report shall be forwarded direct. 1559. The duties of hospital stewards and acting hospital stewards are, under the direction of the medical officer, to look after and distribute hospital stores and sup- plies; to care for hospital property; to compound and administer medicines; to super- vise the preparation and serving of food; to maintain discipline in hospitals and wateh over their general police; to prepare the hospital reports and returns; to supervise the duties of the members of the hospital corps in hospital and in the field, and to perform such other duties connected with their positions as may, by proper authority, be re- quired of them, 1560. Hosp tal stewards may be re-enlisted at the expiration of their term of service on the written authority of the Surgeon General, provided they have passed successfully the examination prescribed by him; those desiring to re-enlist will report the fact, in writing, through the proper military channels, to the Surgeon General sixty days before the expiration of their term of service. 15G1. The enlistment papers of all members of the Hospital Corps will be executed in duplicate, and will be forwarded, with the form for physical examination, direct to the Surgeon General, who will transmit one of each set with the monthly recruiting return of the Hospital Corps to the Adjutant General. 1562. Hospital stewards, whenever stationed in places whence no i)ost return is made, will, at the end of every month, report by letter to the Adjutant General, They will likewise report monthly by letter, when on furlough, to the Adjutant General, Surgeon General, and to the medical officer in charge of the hospital to which they are attached, 1563. Hospital stewards, though liable to discharge, will not be reduced, nor will they be tried by garrison courts-martial unless by special permission of the department commander. The detail of an acting hospital steward may be revoked by the post commander, upon the recommendation of the senior medical officer, or by the sentence of a court-martial, 1564. The privates ofthe Hospital Corps shall, so far as practicable, be taken by transfer from enlisted men who have served at least one year in the line, preferably as company bearers, and who desire to enter the corps. The selection will be made upon the con- current judgment of the post surgeon (who makes the application), and the post com- mander after consultation with the company commander, due weight being given to any objections the latter may present. Musicians are not eligible for transfer to the Hospital Corps, When transfers are impracticable, privates may be enlisted. The period of service shall be the same as that of other enlisted men ofthe Army, and they shall be examined as to their phj^sical qualifications in the same manner. 1565. Privates of the Hospital Corps may be re-enlisted, or a soldier discharged from another branch of the service may re-enlist in the corps, upon the written authority ofthe Surgeon General, provided they possess the necessary qualifications; but mar- ried men shall not be enlisted or re-enlisted as privates in, or transferx-ed to, the corps; and no acting hospital steward who shall have married during his term of enlistment shall be re-enlisted without special authority of the Adjutant General. 1566. Candidates for enlistment, or re-enlistment, from another branch of the service, must not only pass the examination required for enlistment in the line, but they shall be further examined, by a commissioned medical officer, as to their ability to read and write, and their general intelligence and aptitude for the duties which they will be ex- pected to perform, and, if found deficient in these matters, they shall be rejected. 1567. In time of peace, recruits for the Hospital Corps who have not previously re- ceived at least a year's military instruction in the Army shall be attached to a com- pany stationed at Fort Monroe, Va., Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, or Fort Riley, Kansas, and shall perform all the duties, and be subject to all the drill and discipline required of privates in the organizations to which they are attached. After one year's service in the line, they may be assigned to duty with the Hospital Corps. The number of privates so enlisted and undergoing instruction shall at no time exceed ten, unless specially authorized by the Secretary of War, EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 115 1568. Privates who have served one year or more in the Hospital Corps, and have displayed particular merit, will be recommended to the Surgeon General for promotion, by the senior medical officer of the command; from those thus recommended, acting hospital stewards will be appointed. 1569. Members of the Hospital Corps will be instructed by the senior medical officer of the post, at such times, in addition to those prescribed in paragraph 1575, as he may deem necessary. This instruction shall consist of lectures and demonstrations in the methods of rendering iirst aid to the sick and wounded, and of drills in the ambulance service, and as litter-bearers, in accordance with the prescribed manual. 1570. Members of the Hospital Corps shall not be required to perform any military duties, other than those pertaining to their corps. They shall not be required to attend reviews, i>arades, or other military ceremonies, but shall be inspected and mustered at the hospital to which they are attached. The forms of inspectiob of the Hospital Corps shall be in accordance with the prescribed manual. 1571. To meet the requirements of epidemics, or other emergencies, the men of the Hospital Corps may, by order of the army or department commander, on the recom- mendation of the medical director, be temporarily transferred in such numbers and to such places as may be necessary. Such transfers will be reported to the Surgeon Gen- eral. 1572. The accounts of pay and clothing of members of the Hospital Corps will be kept by the medical officers under whose immediate direction they are serving. 1573. The senior medical officer at each post will, on the last day of every month, render a return of the -personnel and equipment of the Hospital Corps (Form No. 37) in duplicate, sending one copy to the Surgeon General direct, and the other to the medi- cal director of the department. 1574. There shall be in each company four privates designated for instruction as litter-bearers. They will be selected by company commanders, with the concurrence of the post surgeon. They should be men of good character, and of sufficient intelligence to make them eligible for transfer to the Hospital Corps, and will be known as " com- pany bearers." 1575. The company bearers, together with all available men of the Hospital Corps, shall be instructed, under the supervision of the senior medical officer, for at least four hours in each month, at such times as the post commander may direct, in the duties of litter-bearers and the methods of rendering first aid to the sick and wounded. This special instruction shall not relieve them from the performance of all their regular military duties ; its object being to insure the constant presence in each com- pany of a number of men who can, in emergencies, render temporary aid to the sick or wounded of their organizations, and to constitute a reserve or school of instruction, from which the privates of the Hospital Corps can be drawn. During an engagement, or in an emergency, the company bearers shall, under the orders of their commanding officers, and the supervision of the regimental surgeons, if any are present, give first aid to the wounded or carry them to the rear until re- lieved by the meml>ers of the Hospital Corps ; when so relieved, they shall immediately join their companies. In active service company Ijearers shall wear, as a distinguish- ing mark, a red brassard around the left arm. 1576. Officers of the Ipspector General's Department, medical directors, and medical inspectors will, at their regular inspections, specially examine the privates of the Hospital Corps and the company bearers as to their efficiency in the ambulance and litter-bearer's drill, and the methods of rendering first aid to the wounded. 1577. At every post there shall be at least one hospital steward, two if the garrison equals six companies, and an additional one for every six additional companies serving thereat. At every post of two companies, or of a single company of cavalry, there shall also be an acting hospital steward. 1578. There shall be three privates of the Hospital Corps at every military post, four if the garrison consists of two companies, and an additional private for each additional two companies. They shall be assigned to the respective duties connected with the hospital service as ward-masters, nurses, cooks, attendants, etc., by the senior medical officer present. 1579. The number of stewards and privates of the Hospital Corps to be stationed at arsenals, engineer stations, and recruiting depots will be determined bj* the Surgeon General. 1580. One regulation ambulance, with proper ambulance harness, will be issued to each military post. To posts of more than two hundred men, the number to be issued will be in accordance with the act of March 11, 1864. 1581. The ambulance and harness shall be under the immediate control of the senior 116 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. medical officer of the coninuiud, and shall be used for no other puriwse than the transportation of the sick and wounded, the recreation of convalescent patients in hospital, or to enable the medical officer to give instruction in the duties of the am- bulance service. 1582. Ambulances and ambulance harness furnished for use at military posts shall be invoiced to, and shall be under the immediate control of, the post surgeon, who shall make the necessary returns therefor to the Quartermaster General. They shall be kept in repair by the Quartermaster's Department, and shall be housed, when practicable, in the immediate vicinity of the hospital, and it shall be the duty of the post surgeon to see that they are at all times fully equipped and ready for service. 1583. At each military post one of the privates of the Hospital Corps will be designated l»y the post surgeon as an ambulance driver. In addition to his other duties, under the supervision of the post surgeon, he shall care for the ambulance, its equipment and harness, and see that they are always in readiness for immediate use. He shall drive the ambulance, and in the field he shall care for the animals. When it is necessarj' to us i the ambulance, the commanding officer will, on the ap- plication of the post surgeon, see that the requisite number of animals are provided by the Quartermaster's Department, and placed under the exclusive control of the Medical Department. 1584. At military posts each company shall be furnished with one hand-litter, which will be kept ready for use at all times by the company bearers, 1585. Travois and mule-litters (double) will be issued to each military department in which Indian operations are liable to take place, at the rate of four per thousand men ; they will be distributed on the recommendation of the medical director. 1586. Commanding officers will inspect the ambulances, litters, and other appliances for transporting the wounded, at each monthly inspection, and see that they are com- pletely equipped. When practicable, the ambulance, fullj' equipped for service, will be presented for inspection, Avith the animals attached. 1587. In the field, troops shall be accompanied by such number of men of the Hos- pital Corps as may be determined by the post commander, on the recommendation of the post surgeon. 1588. Upon the n)arch or in battle, medical officers will habitually be attended by a mounted private of the Hospital Corps, carrying a medicine case and such instruments and dressings as ma}' be considered necessary. Hospital stewards, acting hospital stewards, and at least one private of the Hospital Corps, shall be mounted when serv- ing in the field ; and all i)rivates of the Hospital Corps shall be mounted when serv- ing in mounted commands. The Quartermaster's Department will furnish the neces- sary mounts. 1589. In the field, or in time of war, each company bearer and each member of the Hospital Corps shall carry upon his person a canteen of water, a knife of approved pattern, and a simple pack ge of dressings; and one-fourth of the hospital privates shall carry hospital knapsacks or dressing-cases. 1590. In time of war, ambulance and field hospital services will be performed by members of the Hospital Corps. The privates of the corps, to perform the duties of litter-bearers, service with the ambulances, and at dressing and ambulance stations, should number at least two per cent, of the aggregate strength of the command. To every ten privates there should be an acting hospital steward, and to every thirty pri- vates a hospital steward. 1591. The ambulance and hospital service of each corps shall be under the super- vision of its medical director. He should, under such directions as he may receive from the Medical Director of the Arm}', make all necessary arrangements for the care and transportation of the wounded, who, during an engagement, will receive atten- tion at the following principal points, and in the following order : 1st, with the line of battle under fire ; 2d, at the first dressing stations ; 3d, at the ambvilance station ; 4th, at the division hospitals. He establishes the ambulance stations in the rear, and gives directions concerning the first dressing stations ; details the proper number of privates of the Hospital Corps, acting hospital stewards, hospital stewards, and medical officers for duty with the advance line, and for the care and transportation of the wounded between the front line, the first dressing stations, the ambulance station, and the division hospital. 1592. First dressing stations will be established at the nearest place to the com- batants, where the wounded and those caring for them may not be unnecessarily exposed to fire. Ambulance stations will be established at some i)lace of security in the rear, or in some convenient building near the field of battle. The division hos- pital will be established by the medical director, after consultation with the command- ing general. EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 117 1593. During- an iima-enient the woumlod who require inimediute oi)erative pro- cedures shall be designated by a colored badge, to be attached to th-ir clothing by the first medical officer into whose hands they come. On arriving at the firr^t dressing stations, the wounded so designated will receive the first surgical attention. 1594. Medical directors of armies, under the general instructions of the command- ing general, will provide for the care of the wounded at dressing and hospital stations when taken possession of Vjy the enemy, by deciding in advance what medical officers and members of the Hospital Coqis shall remain with a dressing or liospital station in case it is abandoned or captured by the enemy. 1595. There shall be allowed and permanently attached to each army corps two- horse ambulances upon the following basis : Three to each regiment of infantry of five hundred men or more ; two to each regiment of infantry of more than two hundred and less than five hundred men ; and one to eacli regiment of infantry of less tlian two hundred men ; two to each regiment of cavalry of five hundred men or more ; and one to each regiment of cavalry of less than five hundred men ; one each battciy of artillery. To the headquarters of each army corps, two such ambulances ; and to each division train of ambulances two army wagons. Ambulances shall l>e allowed and furnished upon the same basis to divisions, brigades, and commands not attached to any army corps. Each ambulance will be provided with such number of stretchers and other appliances as shall be prescribed by th«« Surgeon General. Horse and mule litters may be adopted or authorized by the Secretary of War, in lieu of ambulances, when judged necessary, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed liy the medical director of each army corps. 1596. The medical director of an army cori)S shall, under the direct ion of the Chief Medical Director of the Army, exercise supervision of its ainliulances, medicine wagons, and the aninmls, harness, and other fixtures appt-rtainiug thereto. He will be assisted by suitable officei-s detailed for the service. These officers will see that the ambulance service is kept in efficient condition, that privates of the Hospital Corj^s detailed for duty therein are properly instructed, and will in {111 things be guided by such regulations as the Secretary of War may issue for their government. 1597. Ambulances shall be used only for the transportation of the sick and wounded, and, in urgent cases, for medica' supplies, and all persons shall be prohibited from using them, or requiring or permitting them to be used, for any other puri>ose. It shall be the duty of the officers of the ambulance service to report to the connnander of the army cori>s any violation of th»- provisions of thisparagnvi'h. Any officer who shall use an ambulance, or re(iuire it to be us'-d, for any other purpose, than as pro- vided in this paragrapli, shall, for the first offense, be publicly reprimanded by the commander of the army corps in which he may be serving, and for the second offense shall be dismissed from the service. 1598. No person, except the i)roper medical officers, or the officers, non-commis- sioned officei>, and privates of the ambulance service, or such persons as may be specially assigned, by comi)etent military authority, to duty therewith fur the occa- sion, shall be permitted to take or accompany sick or wounded men to the rear, either on the march or upon the field of battle. 1599. It shall be the duty of the medical director, or chief medical officer, of the army corps, previous to a march, and previous to and in time of action, or whenever it may be necessary to use the ambulances, to issue the proper ordeis to his assistants for Xhj distribution and management of the same in collecting the sick and wounded and conveying them to their destination. 1G. Privat'S of the Hospital Corps in the field in time of war will lie organized into a company for each brigade, with their hospital ^t .awards and acting hospital steward-^, under conniiand of an officer of the ambulance service, or a medical officer iletailid for that purpose. They will habitually camp near the division hospital, or, if there be none, the brigade or field hospital, to give such assistance as may be needed. 16' il. They will be assigned, by order of the commanding general or the senior medical officer, to such duties connected with their corps elsewhere as may be re- quired ; but on the completion of sucri duty, or after an action, they will rendezvous at their camp unless other vis" ordered. In time of action, in the absence of specific orders from the commanding genera! or ])r<>per medical officer, the officer in charge of the company will, under the general instructions which lie may have r<-ceivi'd, him- self issue the necessary orders to proceed to the dressing stations, or to tlie relief and care of the wounded. 1602. For the care and treatment of the sick while in hospital or in transport, mem- Ijers of the Hospital Corps will be allowed as follows: 118 EXTIIA.CTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. (a.) To general and division hospitals, six privates to evei\v thirtj' beds, with such number of hospital stewards and acting hosi»ital stewards as the Surgeon General, with tlie approval of the Secretary of War, may direct. (b.) To a railway hospital train of twenty cars, carrying six hundred sick and wounded, two hospital stewards, six acting hospital stewards, and one hundred pri- vates. To trains of a greater or less capacity, the number will be in the same propor- tion—to vary, however, at the discretion of the medical director, according to the distance to be traveled and the character of the cases to be transported. (c.) To a hospital boat of three hundred beds, three hospital stewards, six acting hospital stewards, and sixtj'-five privates ; or in like proportion to liospital boats of a greater or less capacity. 1603- A building shall not be erected for, nor occupied as, a hospital until the opin- ion of a medical officer has been obtained, in Mriting, upon the suitableness of site and proposed arrangement. If the commanding officer dissent from this opinion, he shall return it to the medical officer, with his reasons indorsed thereon. 1604. Regulation hos])itals will be erected at permanent posts, when specially au- thorized by the Secretary of War, in accordance with plans and specifications furnished bj' the Surgeon General. IfiOS. When hospital construction is necessary', the senior medical officer, after ob- taining from the post quartermaster an estimate of cost, will transmit the regulation plans and specifications, with proposed modifications and explanation of location and material, through military channels, to the Secretary of War. Similar action will be taken upon quarters for hospital stewaids. 1606. Wlien hospitals or hospital sfewai'ds' quarters are erected or repaired, the officer conducting the work will consult tlie medical officer, who will inspect the work for the Medical Department ; and when a building is reported ready for occu- pation, the medical officer will report in full, as to its merits, to the Surgeon General, through the regular channel, and shall furnish a copy of the same to the' constructing officer. 1607. The senior medical officer will, after obtaining a detailed estimate of labor, material, and cost from the post quartermaster, forward, on the loth of March of each ye r, through military channels, to the Secretary of War, an account of re- pairs, alterations, or additions, with nece.-sary plans, needed during the fiscal year for hospitals and hospital stewards' quarters, stating the condition of the buildings and the necessity for repairs. When the Avork is completed, the medical officer will report to the feecietary of War Avhether it was performed according to the estimate, and the material and balance of allotment remaining. Approved plans or estimates for construction and repair will be altered only on authority of the Secretary of War. 1608. The Surgeon General will furnish to the Quartermaster General, in sufficient time for the latter to consider in his annual estimates, a statement, showing the hus- pital repairs which will probably be re(|uired during the ensuing year, with the prob- able cost of the same 1609. Hospital buildings are provided for the care and treatment of the sick and wounded of the Army, and will Ije reserved fur that lairjiose. No pi)rtion of them shall be used or occupied as (juarters, nor shall any mess be permitted or maintained therein except such as may be necessary for the patients and for the enlisted men on duty. 1610. At surgeon's call the sick of the companies will be conducted to the hospital by the first sergeants ; each first sergeant will give to the surgeon the Company Sick Report Book, in Mhich there shall have ])een previously written the names of the company sick. The surgeon, after examination, will indicate in the book, opposite the names, the men who are to be admitted to hospital, and those who are to be taken to (jmirters , what duties the latter are capable of, together with any other information in regaid to the sick which he may have to communicate to the company commander. 1611. General hospitals will be under the exclusive control of the Surgeon General, and will be governed by such regulations as the Secretary of War may prescribe. Medical officers assigned to duty in charge of the same shall not be subject to the orders of local connuanders, other than those of geographical divisions or depart- ments, but shall be invested with the prerogative-^ of coninianding officers, and will be obeyed and respected accordingly. 1612. Hospital transports, hospital l)oats, and hospital railway trains, after being properly assigned as such, will be exclusively under the control of the Medical De- partment, and will not be diverted from their especial puriioses liv orders of local or department commarders, or of officers of other staff corps. EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 119 1613. The senior medical officer of a post is charged with the management, and is responsible for the condition, of the hospital, which is at all times subject to inspection bj' the commanding officer, or a duly authorized inspector. 1614. The senior medical officer will assign the members of the Hospital Corps to their several duties, and report them on the muster-rolls in the capacity in which they are acting. AVitli the approval of the commanding officer he will also appoint the matrons. 1615. Hospital matrons will be allowed as follows: At general hospitals, one matron to twenty patients, or fraction thereof greater than ten; at hospitals at posts, recruiting depots, and arsenals, a number to be fixed by the Surgeon General. 1616. The medical officer in charge of a hospital will assign the patients to wards or divisions according to convenience and the nature of their complaints. He will visit them himself each day, as frequently as their condition may require. 1617. The senior medical officer of a hospital will be responsible for the care and preparation of the necessary hospital reports, registers, and records, as well as for all medical property which maywme into his possession; for the proper expenditure of medicines, hospital stores, aniT funds, and for the pi'eparation of requisitions, returns, and muster and pay-rolls of the hospital. He will require a proper performance of duty by the enlisted men of the Hospital Corps; enforce proper regulations as to the sanitary and disciplinary requirements of the hospital, and indicate the duties that shall be perforaied by other medical officers who may be assigned as his assistants, or to duty in the hospital of which he has charge. 1618. The diet of patients in hospital will be regulated as far as practicable according to tables issued by the Surgeon General (Form No. 33). 1619. Patients shall, if possible, leave their arms and accouterments with their com- panies. In no event shall ammunition be taken into the hospital. 1620. When a soldier in hospital is detached from his company, his company com- mander shall send to the hospital his descriptive list and account of pay and clothing. The surgeon shall enter thereon all payments, stoppages, and the money value of all issues of clothing made to him while in hospital, and wlien he leaves the same shall re- turn it to the company commander. If the soldier is discharged from the service while in hospital,' the surgeon shall furnish him with final statements, and will notifj' the Adjutant General and the company commander of the date, place, and cause of dis- charge. If the soldier die in hospital, the surgeon shall take charge of his effects, and make the reports rec^uired in paragraph 151. 1621. Medical officers, in giving certificates of disability on which to base discharge, will exercise care in all cases, but especially in those of chronic rheumatism, epilepsy, affections of the eye and ear, and obscure diseases liable to be feigned or purposely pro- duced. The certificates must not be given until sufficient time has elapsed to afford opportunity for full examination and observation to detect deception. They will be prepared in the handwriting of the medical officer. 1622. Wheneverapatient is transferred from the care of one medical officer to another, a report of the case (Form No. 31) shall accompany him. 1623. Sick and wounded soldiers discharged, while in hospital, on account of expira- tion of service, will be entitled to medical treatment in hospital, and to the usual ration during their disability, or for the period considered proper for them to remain under treatment, but a discharged soldier who has left the hospital shall not be readmitted, except upon the written order of the commanding officer. 1624. Hospital clothing shall be worn by patients only during thcnr stay in hospital. Each article will be marked as hospital property. When very sick solditTs are trans- ferred from one hospital to another, the hospital clothing necessary for their comfort may be sent with them, properly invoiced, and accompanied by a check-list giving the names of the men in whose possession it is. 1625. Tents, clothing, hospital furniture, and other stores used in the treatment of contagious diseases, shall be disinfected or burned under the supervision of a medical officer. In no instance shall they be turned into depot and sold. 1626. The Secretary of War may, on the recommendation of the Surgeon General, order gratuitous issues of clothing to soldiers who have had contagious diseases, and to hospital attendants who have nursed them, to replace any articles of their clothing destroyed by order of the proper medical officer to prevent contagion. 1627. Medical officers in charge of hospital property at military posts or stations will not permit it to be used for other than hospital purposes. Inspectors will report every instance in which this regulation is violated. 1628. Civilian employes stationed at military posts may purchase the medical sup- plies prescribed by a medical officer at cost price with ten per centum added. Medical 120 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. officers who dispense medical supplies to civilian employes will render direct to the Surgeon General, npon the first day of every month, detailed accounts in duplicate, giving the name of each employe and the kind and ciuantity of medical supplies fur- nished him, and by whom prescribed, during the preceding month, leaving a space between items for the inseition of the price, which will be fixed at the Surgeon Gen- eral's^ffice. One of the duplicates will be returned to the officer furnishing the sup- plies, and the amounts so inserted will be collected by the medical officer responsible for them, and be disposed of in the same manner as proceeds of o her sales of medical and hospital property. 1629. A civilian employe on duty at a station where other medical attendance cannot be procured is entitled, when necessary, to admission fo hospital, in which case his ration will be transferred to the hospital, and he will pay to the senior medical officer forty cents per day. 1630. Civilians not in imblic service will be admitted to hospital only in cases of ex- treme necessity, and on the written statement of the senior medical officer. Rations will not be issued to tliem liy tlie Subsistence Department, but food will be purchased from the hospital fund. 1631. The charges for admission to post hospitals will be as follow-, viz: For sub- sistence for general service clerks, 50 cents per day; for enlisted men of the Signal Corps, 30 cents per day; for retired sergeants and corpora's of ordnance, 28)4 cents per day; for other retired enlisted men, 18^ cents per day; for general service messengers, 25 cents per day. The money thus received will be added to and accounted for with the hospital fund. For nursing, medicines, and subsistence for veterinary surgeons, 50 cents per day; for quartermaster's and other civilian employ6s, who will transfer their ration to the hosi)ital, 40 cents per day; for seamen and river-boatmen, admitted only on perniit issued by a medical officer of the Marine Hosi)ital Service, or a customs officer, and for civilians admitted as provided in paragraph 1(J30, SI per day. Three- fourths of the money thus received will be added to the hospital fund and the remainder distributed among the members of the Hospital Corps. 1632. The savings arising fi'om an economical use of the rations of the sick and mem- bers of the Hospital Corps shall constitute the hospital fund. It will be paid to the senior medical officer at the post, and will be accounted for and expended by him ex- clusively for the benefit of the men in the hospital, in the purchase of such articles of diet, comfort, or convenience as may be required, according to tlie instructions of the Surgeon General. 1633. Medical and official publications, furnished from the Surgeon General's Office to surgeons in charge of hospitals, belong to the hospital library, and are to be properly filed and preserved therein. The expense of binding these publications and those issued to medical directors will bo defrayed by the Medical Department. The expense of transporting tliem to and from the several medical purveying depots will be borne by the Quartermaster's Department. 1634. Medical officers, where on duly, shall attend officers and enlisted men, and, whenever practicable, their families; and at stations, or in the field, where other medi- cal attendance cannot be procur-ed, civilian employes. Medicines will be dispensed to all persons entitled to medical attendance, and hospital stores to enlisted men and hospital matrons, also to officers at posts or stations where they cannot be procured by purchase. 1635. Medical officers at their stations will furnish medical attondance to officers and enlisted men on the retired list, but they shall not be required to leave their stations for that purpose. ^Medicines, dressings, etc., will be supplied to retired officers and enlisted men from army dispensaries on medical officer's prescriptions. 16 6. When medical attendance is required by an officer or enlisted man on duty, and the attendance of a medical officer cannot be had, the officer, or, if there be no officer, then the enlisted man, may employ a i)rivate physician, and a just account for his services and for necessary medicines"(Form No. 26) will be paid by the Medical Depart- ment; but bills for attendance or medicines for oificers or enlisted men not on duty will not be paid by the Government. 1637. Accounts for medical attendance shall set forth the full name and address of the physician, the full name, rank, company, and regiment or corps of the patient, the date of and charge for each visit and for medicines and the particular disease or injury treated. The physician shall certify in the case of an officer, or make an affidavit in the case of an enlisted man, that the account is correct and just, and that the charges do not exceed the customary charges in the vicinity. The officer shall make his cer- tificate, or the enlisted man his affidavit, to the correctness of the account, stating that he was on duty at the time and place specified, and that it was impossible to secure the EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 121 services of a medical officer of the Army, ami why it was impossible. Wheu mediciuesare furnished by a druggist aud are charged for by the physician, the original prescrii> tions must be furnished, and the receipt of the druggist to the physician must accom- pany the account as evidence that the latter has paid for the medicines and is entitled to reimbursement. 1638. Accounts for medicines must be accompanied by the original prescriptions, and must be for medicines properly so called only. Whenever such an account is presented for payment, whether to a disbursing officer or to the accounting officer, the apothecary shall be required to furnish the following certificate: "I certify that the above account is a just and correct statement of medicines fur- nished by me at , to officers and eu.isted men of the United States Army, on the prescriptions herewith submitted; that the said medicines were actually furnished on said prescriptions to said officers and enlisted men respectively, at the dates set forth in said account; and that the prices charged are not in excess of the customary charges of said place." The officer under whose authority the prescriptions are filkd shall certify the account as follows: " I certify that the foregoing account is correct; that the officers and enlisted men therein mentioned were actually on duty at , when medicine was furnished for them as stated therein; that none of such medicines were furnished for any x>ersons except officers and enlisted men on duty; and that said medicines could not have Jjeen procured at an army dispensary in or near said place when said medicines were fur- nished." The account must set forth the full name of each officer and enlisted man, designating his rank and the command to which he belongs, and the number, date, and price of each prescription. If there was an army dispensary in or near the place, but the medicines were procured elsewhere, because it was closed when they w^ere required, or, if they could not be there procured, for some other sufficient reason, a statement of the facts supposed to justify the purchase will be added at the end of the officer's cer- tificate. 1639. When the charge for attendance is against an officer, he should pay the account, if practicable, and transmit it, properly receipted, to the Surgeon General for reim- bursement; if the officer has paid it, the fact must be plainly stated in both his and the physician's certificates. If against a deceased officer, or enlisted man, the physician shall make the affidavit required in paragraph 1637, adding that he has not received the sum expressed, nor any portion thereof. Charges for consultation will not be paid by the Medical Department. 1640. Accounts for board, nursing, and medical attendance of sick soldiers in private hospitals shall be sent to the Surgeon General for settlement — the Medical Department to be reimbursed by the Subsistence Department for that part paid for board. 1641. Bills for medical attendance or medicines for officers or enlisted men not on duty, or for their families including officers' servants, will not be paid by the United States. 1642. An important part of the duty of a medical officer is the supervision, under the direction of his immediate commander, of the hygiene of the post or command to which he is attached, and the recommendation of such measures as he may deem necessary to prevent or diminish disease among troops. For this purpose he shall examine, and note in the medical history of the post, at least once a month, the sanitary condition of all buildings, the drainage, the sewerage, and the amount and qualitj* of the water supply, the clothing and habits of the men, and the character and cooking of the food, and shall immediately after such examination make report thereof in writing to the com- manding officer, with such recommendations as he maj' deem proper. The commanding officer shall return the report with his views and action indorsed thei'eon, and if he deem the action recommended impracticable or undesirable, he will state fully his objec- tions. The indorsement will be recorded in the medical history of the post, and the report and indorsement w^ill be forwarded by the medical officer, through the regular channels, to the Surgeon General for his information. 1643. Officers of the Medical Department shall unite with officers of the line in en- couraging and promoting the best system of cookery, as a measure of the greatest sani- tary importance. 1644. Purchase of medical and hospital supplies for the Army shall be made in pur- suance of law, under the direction of the Surgeon General, after due advertisement and a public opening of bids; or, in cases of emergency, and in small quantities, to fill duly approved requisitions, in open market. 1645. The standard supply table enumerates the medical supplies furnished for the Army. When reqiaisitions do not conform to it, the reason must be stated. Issues will 122 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. be governed by it except as to size of package, which may vary according to circum- stances and quantities required. 1646. The senior medical officer of every hospital, post, or detached command, and acting assistant medical purveyors at field depots, will in future make annual requi- sitions for medical supplies for the year, unless otherwise instructed by a medical di- rector or the Surgeon General. Such requisitions will be made in duplicate (Form No. 18), and each duplicate will be forwarded through the medical director to the Surgeon General, but by different mails. They will be made only for articles that are, or probably will be, needed in the year, will exhibit the quantity of each article on hand, and will state the number of men or beds to be supplied, and whether the arti- cles are needed for a general hospital, permanent post, or for field service. Medical directors will personally and carefully scrutinize the requisitions, and make such changes therein as they may deem proper. 1647. When, on account of an emergency not admitting of delay, medical supplies are necessary, they should be requested upon a special requisition, in duplicate, giving a list of the articles re(iuired, the quantity on hand, and the quantity needed, with a certificate properly dated and signed, stating that they are necessary for the public service, and giving the reason for the necessity. The requisitions will be transmitted to the medical director, who will forward the original, with his approval, to the neai-est medical purveying depot for issue, and the duplicate to the Surgeon General, with his remarks, together Avith a statement of the date of his approval and the depot to which he has sent the original for issue. Requisitions for articles not on the standard supply table must, in all cases, be forwarded to the Surgeon General for his action. 1618. When it is necessary to obtain medical supplies, and recourse cannot be had to a purveying depot, they must be purchased by the medical officer, and bills there- for, in duplicate (Form No. 5), may be sent through the medical director to the Sur- geon General for payment. The purchasing officer shall prepare, in triplicate, an invoice (Form No. 0) of the articles bought — one of which he will forward to the Surgeon General with the bill, one he will retain as a voucher to accompany his next property return, on which he shall account for the articles purchased, and one he will file with his retained paj^ers. 1649. In all returns, estimates, requisitions, invoices, and receipts for medical sup- plies, the nomenclature, order of entry, and classification of the standard supply table will be strictly followed. 1650. All requisitions, claims, or official communications, which require the action of the Surgeon General, should be forwarded to him through regular channels. 1651. Officers in transferring medical supplies will prepare invoices (Form No. 21) in triplicate — two for the receiving officer, and one for the Surgeon General. The receiving officer will prepare receipts (Form No. 23) in triplicate— two for the issuing officer, with a report of the quality and condition of the articles, and one for the l§ur- geon General, to be accompanied by a copy of the report required by the succeeding paragraph. A packer's list (Form No. 20) will be furnished by the issuing officer. The contents of medicine wagons will be invoiced in detail. When supplies are turned over to a quartermaster for storage or transportation, a. duplicate of the quar- termaster's receipt will be forwarded to the Surgeon General with the invoice. 1652. Medical officers will report to the Surgeon General and to the issuing officer all defects observed in quality, quantity, or packing of medical supplies, or in the ma- terial or construction of surgical instruments received by them, stating the name of the seller or maker, and that of the issuing officer. 1653. In transfers of funds belonging to the Medical Department, invoices (Form No. 1) and receipts (Form No. 2) will be prepared and disposed of as in the case of invoices and receipts for medical supplies (see paragraph 1651), and will show the source or appropriation from which the funds were received. 1654. Medical officers are forbidden to transfer surgical instruments, issued to them for their personal use, unless authorized by the Surgeon General. The instruments must be kept in good condition. If unavoidably lost or damaged, they are to be im- mediately replaced or repaired by requisition on the Surgeon General, at the expense of the Medical Department, otherwise at the cost of the medical officer responsible. 1655. Surgical instruments, medicine cases, panniers, mess-chests, and other med- ical property that require and are considered worth repairing, shall be reported to the Surgeon General through the medical director, with a statement of the repairs needed. 1656. Carbolic acid, chloride of lime, sulphate of iron, corrosive chloride of mer- cury, solution of chlorinated soda, and other articles required as antiseptics or disin- EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 123 fectants in hospitals, and for general use at military posts, will be issued by the Med - ical Deijartment upon the requisition of the medical officer. 1657. All empty boxes, cans, and bottles in which medical supplies are received at permanent posts, and which are not required for future use at a hospital, shall be dis- posed of by sale, when convenient, and the proceeds accounted for as directed in par- agraph 689. In the field when not needed they may be expended. 1658. Medical storekeepers are chai-ged, under the direction of the Surgeon General, and the chief and assistant medical purveyors, with the storing and safe-keeping of medical supplies, and with the duties of receiving, issuing, and accounting for the same. If a medical storekeeper be assigned to the same depot with an assistant med- ical purveyor, he shall prepare all requisitions under the latter's instructions. 1659. Medical supplies, transferred to a medical storekeeper by the chief or an assistant medical jjurveyor, will be receipted for as invoiced. Packages will not be broken if the nimiber corresix)nds with the invoice, if they are in good condition, and if there is no reason to suppose the contents defective. 1660. Medical storekeepers will cause the medical supplies issued by them to be well packed, each article designated by the name of the maker or vendor. Each package will be legibly and correctly marked with the address of the officer for whom it is intended, and will show its weight and contents, whether medicines, hospital stores, instruments, dressings, books and stationery, bedding, clothing, or furniture and appliances. 1661. Each medical director will make to the Surgeon General, on the last day of everv month, a return of medical officers and of private phvsirians under contract (Form No. 36). 1662. Each medical director will visit the posts in his department at least once ea h year, and make such reports as will inform the Surgeon General concerning their sanitary condition, their supplies (medical and hospital), and the discipline and effi- ciency of their medical service. 1663. The senior medical officer of each hospital, post, regiment, or detachment shall prepare and forward the following reports : 1. A dailj' report, after surgeon's call, of sick and wounded, and of the detachment of the Hospital Corps, for the commanding officer. 2. A consolidated report of the Medical Department, which shall also be an exact copy of the register of patients (Form No. 30), to be made in duplicate on the last day of every month, one to be sent to the medical director, and one to the Surgeon General direct. 3. A monthly report of the Hospital Corps (Form No. 37) to be made, in duplicate, on the last day of each month, one to be sent to the nietlical director, and one to the Surgeon General. 4. A monthly statement of the hospital fund and return of durable property (Form No. 40) to be made and forwarded to the medical director, who will verify its correct- ness, and forward it to the Surgeon General. 1664. On the apijearance of the first recognized case of cholera, yellow fever, or other epidemic disease, at or near a military post or station, the medical officer in charge will at once report the fact to the medical director, and forward -jl duplicate of his report direct to the Surgeon General. Every medical officer in charge of cholera or yellow fever patients will, in addition to the usual report of sick and wounded, ren- der, in duplicate, at the end of each month, a report (Form No. 32) containing a list of such patients, one of which he will forward to the medical director and the other direct to the Surgeon General. At the close of the epidemic, or of his tour of service at the place, he will forward, with as little delay as practicable, a history of the epi- demic, its origin or impijrtation, its prog ess and decline, and the methods of treat- ment or prevention, with results ; also results of autopsies. 1665. Meteorological observations shall be taken and registers thereof kept at such posts as may be designated by the Surgeon General, to whom a report of the observa- tions (Form No. 34), which shall be a true copy of the register, will be forwarded by the senior medical officer at the end of every month. Proper instruments, blank reg- isters, and forms for the report will be supplied, and no part of the observations indi- cated in the blank registers will be divspense 1 with, nor additional ones recorded, with- out special instructions from the Surgeon General. 1666. All pathological specimens of interest, accompanied, if possilile. l>y complete historical accounts, shall be forwarded to the Army Medical Museum. 1667. When a post is abandoned, or a detachment s broken up, the medical officer will report the fact, without delay, to the medical director and the Surgeon General, and will at once render, to date, the reports uf sick and wounded. 124 EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 1668. The death of a medical officer, acting assistant surgeon, or hospital steward, shall be immediately reported by the attending surgeon, or the nearest medical officer, to the medical director and the Surgeon General. 1669. Within two days after every action, the senior medical officer on duty with a- regiment or detachment participating, shall transmit, through the proper channels to the medical director, a list of the wounded, in duplicate (Form No. 30j. The medical director shall immediately forward one of the lists to the Surgeon General, and retain the other to accompany his rejwrt to the commanding general. 1670. Acting assistant medical i»urveyors and medical storekeepers shall prepare, at the end of eacli quarter : 1. A return, in duplicate, of medical supplies (Form No. 17), showing those on hand at last return ; those received, expended, issued, and sold during the quarter, and those remaining on hand. • 2. A quarterly abstract of receipts and issues (Forms Nos. 14, 15, and 16), in dupli- cate, which shall state the names of the persons from wlium supplies have been re- ceived, those to whom they have been issut-d, the quantities transferred in each instance, and the dates of the transactions. One of the duplicates of the return, together with one of the abstracts, accompanied by a complete set of voucher.*!, will be transmitted to the Surgeon General at the end of the quarter, and the others will be retained by the officer. 1671. All other medical officers in charge of mtedical supplies shall prepare, annually, on the 31st of December, or when relieved from the charge thereof, returns of medi- cal supplies (Form No. 25', in duplicate, showing those on hand at last return, those received, expended, issued, and sold, and those remaining on hand (including personal instruments), one copy of which, including vouchers, will be forwarded direct to the Surgeon General, the other copy will be retained by the officer. 1672. The blank forms of the 3Iedical Dipartmenl will be furnished by the Surgeon General. C)rdinarily, requests will be made for one year's sui)ply. With armies in the field, they will l)e obtained from the medical director. 1673. The books of record required to be kept by officers of the Medical Depart- ment, with directions for keeping them, will be furnished by the Surgeon General. 1674. Assistant medical purveyors shall keep the following books of record, and turn them over to their successors : Record of letters received, of letters sent, of moneys received, of moneys disbursed, orders given for medical stores, and of em- ployes. 1675. Medical directors shall keep the following record books : Letters received, letters sent, and orders. They will also keep and turn over to their successors com- plete files of circulars, requisitions, records of medical officers, returns of Hospital Corps, and reports received. 1676. The senior medical officer of each hospital, post, regiment, or detachment shall keep the following records, and deliver them to his successor : A register of pa- tients of the Hospital Corps, of statements of hospital funds, of the examination of recruits, and of deaths and interments; a morning report book of the Hospital Corps, a transfer book, and a medical history of the post ; copies of his requisitions, and all other reports, and also of all orders and letters relating to his duties. 1677. IMedical storekeepers shall keep the following books of record, and turn them over to their successors : Book of letters received, of letters sent, of articles received, of requisitions, of issues, of invoices of packages turned over to the Quartermaster's Department, of contents of packages, of articles expended, of employes, and of arti- cles on hand. 1678. Every officer, enlisted man, or employe of the military forces of the United States, who in the line of duty, or through disease contracted in service, shall have lost a limb or the use of a limb, shall receive once every five years an artificial limb or appliance, or commutation therefor, if he shall so elect, under such regulations as the Surgeon General of the Army shall prescribe. The period of five years shall be held to commence with the filing of the first application after the I7th day of June, in the year 1870. The money value allowed as commutation is for a leg, ^75; for an arm, foot, and apparatus for resection, 850. ( Revised Statutes, sections 4787, 4788. Section 17, act of August 15, 1876, as amended by act of February 27, lh77.) 1679. Necessary transportation to have artificial limbs fitted shall be furnished by the Quartermaster General, the cost of which shall be refunded out of any money ap- propriated for the purchase of artificial limbs. 1680. Officers who pay accounts for transportation of persons to procure artificial limbs will, as soon as payment is made, forward the original account to the Quarter- master General, with a letter of transmittal, in which they Avill state that "the ac- EXTRACTS FROM ARMY REGULATIONS. 125 count is forwarded under the provisions of this [laragraph that it may be referred to the Surgeon General for repayment to the Quartermaster's Department." The paying officer will take credit for the amount paid on his abstract " J3" for the mouth, and Avill note thereon the fact that the account was forwarded to the Quartermaster Gen- eral, on a specified date, for the puipose aforesaid. 1681. The Quartermaster General, if he finds the account correct, will forward it to the Sxirgeon General, with request that the amovint be paid to the Depot Quartermas- ter, "Washington, D. C, and the Surgeon General will cause the amount to be paid from the appropriation for artificial limbs. The Depot Quartermaster will deposit the money in the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation for army transportation; and in his account current will state from whom the money was received, and that it was a refundment to the Quartermaster's Department from the appropriation for artificial limbs, of a sum paid by , Quartermaster, U. S. A., on voucher No. , for , 18 — , for the transportation of a person en route to procure an artificial limb. He will also immediately notify the Third Auditor of the Treasury of the receipt of the money (stating amount and from whom and when, received, and for what purpose) and where he has deposited the money, and that he Avill account for the same in his account current for the month of . 1682, On referring an account to the Surgeon General for refundment, the Quarter- master General will notify the Depot Quartermaster of his action, giving the name of the quartermaster who made the payment, the date and number of the voucher on which payment was made, and the amount paid, and will state that the payment was for the transportation of a person e» route to procure an artificial limb. 18ul. Rank will be indicated as follows : For a hospital steward. — Three bars and an arc of one bar of emerald-green cloth, in- closing a red cross. Foi- an acting hospital steu-ord. — The same as for a hospital steward, omitting the arc. For a pi-irate of the Hospital Corps and for all persons neutralized by the tei^ms of the Geneva Convention. — A brassard of white cloth, 16 inches long and 3 inches wide, with a cross of red cloth, 2 inches long and 2 inches wide, in center, to be worn on the left arm, above the elbow. For a company litter-bearer. — A brassard of red cloth, to be worn on the left arm, above the elbow. 1848. The hospital and ambulance flags of the Army are as follows: For geneml hos- pitals, white bunting, 9 by 5 feet, with a cross of red bunting 4 feet high and 4 feet wide in the center; arms of cross to be 16 inches wide. For field hospitals, white bunting, 6 by 4 feet, Avith a red cross of bunting, 3 feet high and 3 feet wide, in the center; arms of cross to be 12 inches wide. For ambulances, and guidons to mark the way to field hospitals, white bunting, 16 by 28 inches, with a red cross of bunting 12 inches high and 12 inches wide in the cen- ter; arms of cross to be 4 inches wide. FOURTEEN DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED Bmmgf Mhrm.wj This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. NOV 2 S 1955 NOV 1 7 1955 * /m 610L0GY LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY