I' it ml 1 '. I A' % THE FRENCH LIBRARIAN '// OR LITERARY GUIDE, POIXTIXG OUT THE BEST WORKS OP THE PRINCIPAL WRITERS OP FRANCE, IN EVERY BRANCH OF LITERATURE ; WITH CRITICISMS, PERSONAL ANECDOTES, AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES ; PRECEDED BY A SKETCH OF THE PROGRESS OF dFrcttch Uttcraturc* BY L. T. VENTOUILLAC. LONDON ; TREUTTEL, WURTZ, TREUTTEL, JUN. AND RICHTER, SOHO SQUARE. 1829. t CONTENTS. PAGE ii Preface Sketch of the progress of French Literature . . ix Theology, Ecclesiastical History, Sermons, &c. . 3 Jurisprudence and political Economy . . . .53 History, Historical Memoirs, &c 89 Biography 179 Belles-Lettres, &c 199 Poetry, Novels, the Drama, &c 247 Fine Arts, Antiquities, &c 207 Arts and Sciences, Mathematics, Metaphysics . . 313 Natural History, Chemistry, Anatomy, &c. . . 345 Journals and Periodical Works 371 Voyages and Travels ...... 393 Complete Works 423 Supplement 476 Index of Authors . . , 479 Index of Works 504 PREFACE. IT is now five or six years since a friend who Was collecting a Library for his own use, re- quested me to furnish him with a list of the best works written in French, in every branch of literature ; a request with which I readily com- plied. The repeated expressions of the advan- tage and facility thus afforded him by guiding his choice, on a subject where it was natural to suppose I possessed the greater share of infor- mation, led me to suppose that what had been advantageous to him, might prove so to others ; that in this country, where French is so much studied, many persons might, like him, wish to form a French Library, and like him be at a loss for information, and desirous of assistance on the subject. It was not assuming too much, perhaps, to suppose that I was able to afford 11 , PREFACE. this information, and it was equally natural that I should thus seize the opportunity offered me of extending, in Eni^land, the knowledge of the Literature of my own country. With this view, I began to make a list of all the works in our language which I thought most likely to instruct and interest the generality of English readers. But I soon perceived, that to give a mereenumeration of titles, without adding a cha- racter of the works, especially w hen several oc- curred on one subject, was to furnish the reader with little more than he could find in every bookseller's catalogue. To give, as far as my own judgment would allow, a proper character of each work, was therefore my next under- taking, but after having made considerable pro- gress, another difficulty presented itself. The work contemplated was intended to make the English reader acquainted with French Lite- rature, a Literature against which more pre- judices exist (how far they may be just becomes not mo to say), than perhaps against any other, and in favour of which I was as likely to be bi- PREFACE. Ill assed, as most of my readers were likely to be prejudiced against it. What right had I then to suppose that any attention would be paid to the dictum of one who had no claims to public con- fidence, and whose mind might be influenced by national vanity, influenced by national pre- judices, or incapacitated by want of judgment and information I To have looked for materials among French writers alone, would have proved a comparatively easy task, but to do this would have been to remove but half the difiiculty. I therefore sought for critical remarks among English authors, and as their judgment was likely to be more esteemed by my readers, I determined never to give the opinion of a French Critic, when that of an English one, of equal value, could be obtained. The progress of the work now ofiered to the public, has been thus particularly stated, not from any vanity which might lead me to sup» pose a very great degree of interest attached to it, but because I have always thought that if every author who composes a work of any mag- IN PKEFACE. iiidide, wore thus to state the circumstances un- der which he first conceived, and the manner in vvliich he afterwards performed, his under- taking, we should have a better insight into the human mind, and a more perfect knowledge of its nature and progress than may be obtained by any other means. As I only give an account of the books which appeared good, both to myself and to the au- thors quoted as authorities it cannot be a matter of surprise that all the quotations should be laudatory. But having drawn materials from every source, I cannot be held responsible for all the opinions advanced by the writers I quote, aince to have only brought forward those whose judgment I entirely approved, Avould have been little more than giving my own opi- nion, on which, as I have already observed, I well knew little or no reliance could be placed. My duty tli^refore was, not to speak, but to introduce the speakers. For this forbearance, however, I have found myself some compen- sation ; for while the great folks are speaking PREFACE. V within, I, like other menials, indulge in the en- trance-hall, and the Sketch of French Litera- ture, given at the commencement of the volume, is little more than a repetition of what I have been able to collect when it has been my good fortune to overhear the opinion of my Betters, of the La. Harpes, and the Cheniers, the Ba- RANTEs and the Villemains, who, as critics, form the beau-monde of French society. But, to drop the metaphor, it appeared adviseable to add to the heterogeneous mass of criticisms collected in the present work, a sketch which might give the reader 'a general view of the progress of French Literature, and this I have endeavoured to do in the introductory Essay, as far as the limits of space, and the much more circumscribed limits of my humble abilities, would allow. That this View should be per* feet, or even satisfactory to the enqiuilng reader, is impossible, since, from the small space allowed me, I have sometimes been obliged to express in a few words, the character of a wri- ter whose works it would require volumes fully M I'KEIACE. to appreciate. All I could do therefore, was to offer a few leading ideas which might make the reader acquainted with the peculiar character- istics of our Literature in every century, and at the same time point out where, if more were desired, fuller information could be obtained. This, therefore, is all I have attempted, and if in this I have succeeded, my j^urpose is accom* plished and the reader will be satisfied. With respect to the work itself, it requires but little experience in literary matters, to be aware of the extreme labour requisite in order to accomplish such a task, and of the impossi- bility of rendering it perfect and satisfactory to every class of readers. Some a\ orks mentioned, to many persons will appear undeserving of no- tice, while a few may wish that, for their parti- cular advantage, more of the same class had been introduced. Many also may have been omitted whicli it will seem ought to have found a j)lace in this volume ; nor has this omission always been wilful; for it has frequently arisen from the diffirnlty of obtaining, in a foreign country, PREFACE. Vll access to books and information which could easily have been procured had this work been compiled in Paris. While alluding to this diffi- culty, it is however but just to say, that it was greatly lessened by the kindness of the London Booksellers, to whom (even when a perfect stranger) I never applied for assistance which was not immediately granted, and who often proffered it unasked. I am indeed the more anxious to acknowledge this, as T know a strong prejudice exists, especially among literary men, against the liberality of Booksellers, and I feel desirous, as far as my own experience warrants, to bear w itness to the liberality of a class of men who — *' Sate like a Cormorant once Fast by the tree of knowledge." To avoid omissions, however, every possible precaution has been taken, and an Appendix has been added, containing a few books, of which no mention had been made. If nevertheless, any should still be found, the indulgence of the reader is intreated, for a defect unavoidable in \ 111 PREFAC'Ei vvurks of this nature, and which can only be re- moved as they proceed through future editions. Should a second one of this work be called for, no means will be left untried to render it as perfect as possible, and I shall feel obliged by any suggestion from the periodical press which may enable me to accomplish so desirable a purpose. Having thus stated the motives which led to the composition of this work, the manner in which the task has been accomplished, and its claims to the indulgence of the " Kind Reader," 1 have only, in concluding this lengthy Preface, to express my hope that it may answ er the end for which it was intended, and by making the English more fully acquainted with the Litera- ture of France, add to their stock of knowledge as well as of enjoyment, and obtain at the same time for theWriters of my own country, a higher degree of estimation than they have hitherto t'MJoyed in England. SKETCH OF THE PROGRESS OF FRENCH LITERATURE. Literature was first introduced into France, by the Normans, who inspired the Gauls with that love of the wonderful which is so peculiarly the characteristic of a warlike people, and will always be found most fully displayed in the com- positions of a half-civilized nation. The rude spirit which these northern warriors infused into our early Literature soon gave place, how- ever, to the gentler aspirations of the Trouba- dours ; and the praise of beauty, as well as of valour, was the theme which occupied the early poets of France, from the thirteenth, to the end of the fifteenth, century. To the English rea- der the Language used by the writers of that pe- riod will appear almost unintelligible, but French had then already become so universal, that Brunetto Latini, a countryman and cotem- porary of Dante, wrote in it, and gave as his rea- SKETCH OF THE PROGRESS son for doing so, that the French language was *• delectable and more known than any other."* Two powerful causes contributed to the com- position of Romances during the Middle Ages ; the love of chivalry on the one hand, and the imitation of Oriental Tales, on the other. To these two causes, the effect of which was still in- creased by the Crusades, we owe the numerous works of that description which then appeared, and as the most distinguished of which may be * The following few lines will give the reader an idea of the state of the French language at that early period. They form the commencement of a poem, entitled, " Le Combat de Trentc Bretons contre Trente .Anglais," which was written about the year 1350. A beautiful reprint of this interesting work was published by Crapelet, Paris, 1827- " Seigneurs, or faites paix, Chlrs (a) et barons. Bannerols, bacholers ct trestoux {b) nobles hons, (r) Eucsques ct abbes, gens de religions, Heraulx, menestreclx (rf) et tons bons compaignons, Gentilz honsct bourgois de toutes nacions, Escoutez cest roumant que dire vous voulons, Listoire en est vraie, et les dix ( Xvi SKETCH OK 1 fli; IT.OUKIiSaJ A souffrir dcs indpris et ploycr les genoux, Cc qu'ils pcuveiit n'est ricn ; ils sont, poium^i noussoiauics., V6ritablemcnt homnios, Et lucuroiit conimc nous. Ont-ils rendu rcsprit ? ce n'cst plus que poussicrc (^c cette inajoste si poinpcusR ct si ficrc, Doiit Teclat or^aieillcux 6toiinait Tunivcrs; El dans ces grand tombeaux ou lours amcs hiiutiiiiics Font encores les vaines, lis sont rong6s dcs vers. ^ Wc Jiavc hitherto noticed only the FreiicI^ poets of the sixteenth century, but wc have now to speak of two authors whose prose has obtained them as great a degree of celebrity a;^ over was enjoyed by the greatest poets, an as- sertion, the truth of which, the reader wiil readily allow, when wc mention the names of Ivabelais and Montaigne. The former writer is one whom it is perhaj)s as easy to praise as to censure. His work, which has no com- peer, offers, under the most grotesque a^)- pearance, the newest and the boldest thoughts; but tlie obsolete language, in which Rabelais •wrote, has now caused his book to be more ce- lebrated than read. Montaigne was a man infi- nitely superior to Rabelais as to the extent and variety of his powers. Rabelais was a wit, and little more than a wit : Montaigne was a man of genius as well as wit, and of learning as. OF FKEXCn LITERATr'HE. Xvil Well as genius. Montaigne certainly had fault?, but they were the faults of his time, rather than his own ; while Rabelais added to the im- morality and infidelity of his age a spirit of ri- baldry peculiar t'^ himself. The work of Rabe- lais exposing bat one species of folly, and being written in one particular style, suits but one particular class of readers ; Montaigne, who had in view a nobler end, takes in his Essays a wider range, and his style varies with his sub- jest, " From grave to gay, from lively to severe,'* finally, the purpose of Rabelais was confessedly to excite laughter, that of Montaigne to obtain and impart knowledge, and no writers ever more surely obtained the end they had in view. Having thus seen daring the sixteenth cen- tury, the language of France enriched and im- proved by the Muse of Marot and Malherbe, while the writings of Rabelais and Montaigne gave the first example of a bolder and a deeper spirit of enquiry than had hitherto been known in Europe, We will now glance at the state of Li- terature during theseventeeth century. It has been justly remarked that nations are generally in a state of successive decline and amelioration, so that the rise of one is general! v attended with the downfall of another. Of the XVIIl SKETCH or TllK PROGRESS truth of this assertion, in a literary, as well as in a |)oli ileal point of view, we find a proof at the period of which we are now speaking, for while Eng^land and France were rapidly rising to lite- rary eminence, Italy and Spain as rapidly de- clined. In Italy, however, the progress made in the sciences by Gallileo, Toricelli, and Cas- sini made some amends for the want of eminent writers; for with the exception ofDavila, the distinguished author of the Civil Warsof France, and Bentivoglio, who wrote an esteemed work on those of Flankers, we do not find in the coun- try of Dante, Petrarch, and Boccacio, a name worthy of beirvg mentioned. Spain which had never risen to the same height, fell much lower, and the absence (with one or two trifling ex- ceptions) of any thing like a great literary name in that country, during the seventeenth cen- tury, })roves how dreadfully mistaken was that policy which by banishing from Spain both the ?vIoors and the Jews, unpeopled, as it were, w hole provinces, and almost reduced that beau- tiful country to a state of moral as well as phy- sical inanity. To be completely convinced of the fact that while Literature declined in the South of Europe, it made a rapid progress in England, during the seventeenth century, we need only remember that at that period lived OF FREXCH I.ITKRATL'RE, XIX \Valler, Cowley, Dryden, Butler, the illustrious Bacon, and above all the sublime Milton, who had in himself genius enough to immortalize the country and the age in which he lived, and who, having had the good fortune of finding a sub- ject worthy of his Muse, proved by the compo- sition of his Paradise Lost, that his genius was not unworthy of his subject. At this period, France, like England, v/as fast approaching the zenith of her literary glory. Her Literature continued, during the minority of Louis XIII, to resemble that of Italy, until Richelieu, v/ho was desirous to establish literary as well as political despotipim, foilnded the cele- brated French Academy. Much has been said for and against such institutions, and we cannot now stop to consider the arguments advanced on each side ; but it may be sufficient to observe that the establisliment of a society whose espe- cial business it is to watch over the nature and character of the literary productions of a coun- try, while it is calculated to improve the lan- guage and keep it free from corruptions and innovations, is likely also, by setting up a fan- cied standard of perfection, to cramp the genius of a people whose progressive minds ill brook the shackles laid on them by the standing orders of an Academv. That this was the case ifi 3A sKtrcii OK iiiK iMioiiiii:ss France seems now to be generally admitted. One of the first writers who was subjected, and who, unhappily for French Literature, sub- mitted to this literary yoke, was Corneille, a man of truly original genius, who, had he not stood in awe of Richelieu and the Academy, might have created in France a new school of dramatic poetry, a task to wliich, however gi- gantic, he was fully equal. This fear however, deprived Corneille of but a part of his glory, for to him is due that of being the founder of the French Drama, which before his time was scarcely deserving of the name; and whatever may be the merit of succeeding writers, the Cid, the Horaces and the Cinna of Corneille, will ever hold a distinguished place among the finest productions of the tragic muse. What Corneille had done for the dramatic poetry, was done for the language of France by Pascal, one of the most surprising men that perhaps any country ever produced. To him is duo the merit of having given the French language a fixed and decided character ; for the style in which he wrote his admirable " Lettrcs })rovincialrs" was the model on which all the best writers of the age of Louis XIV formed their own. Uut this was the least of his claims to the admiration of jiostcrily ; at once eminent OF FR2XCH LITERATURE. XXI in piety, and distinguislied for learning-, sound as a philosopher, and acute as a reasoner, his style offers the double charm of thoughts well conceived and happily expressed, of a diction at once pure and animated ; and h«nce it is that while his " Provinciales" delight the man of wit, his " Pensees," at once profound in thought, and sublime in expression, are calcu- lated to afford equal pleasure to the christian and the scholar, to the man of taste and of piety. Few men indeed, have done more ho- nour than Pascal, both to his country, and to the Society of Port-P.oyal, of which he was a zealous and distinguished member,* With Corneille and Pascal commenced that series of great writers, whose works shed so much glory upon the reign of Louis XIV, and procured it the distinguishing and not unde- served appellation of the Augustan age of * It may appear strange that r.o mention should have been made in this volume, of the productions of the Port-Koyal- ists. It was the intention of the Editor to have given thcin a place in it, but finding that he could not, without increasing too much the size of the book, do justice to their extensive and valuable labours, he has reserved them for a future work, should this meet with such a reception as to warrant the sup- position that French Literature is sufficiently interesting to ren- der the work acceptable to the English public. XXIJ SKETCH OK THE niOiJRK.^^ French Literature. To enter u))Oii aii examination of the works of all tlie writers who lived at this period, would be a delightful, but a useless task ; for to add praise where it has already been so fre- quently and so justly bestowed^ were indeed — " To gild refined gold, to paint tlie lily, To throw a perfume on the violet, To smooth the ice, or add another hue Unto the rainbow, or with taper-light To seek the beauteous eye of heaven to garnish." Ill support of this assertion, it will be sufficient to remind the reader, that France could then boast among her living writers, of such men as the tender and polished Racine, the witty and inimitable Moliere, the artless and delightful La Fontaine ; of Boileau, the Juvenal ofFrance, whose poems are not more admired for the wit they contain, than for the perfection of their style ; Jean Baptiste Rousseau, one of the most distinguished poets of France ; La Roche- foucaidd and La Bruyere, both of whom (but particularly the latter) " held up, as it were, the mirror to nature," and finally, Bossuet, that literary giant, who as a profound scholar, a theologian, an historian, and an orator, has sel- dom been equalled and never been surpassed. Confined to the limits of a short Essav, it is OF FRENCH UTERATVRE. XXIU impossible to inquire here, into the causes that produced at one particular period, such an assemblage of great writers as never had at once appeared in any other country, but we ought not to overlook the singular fact that in a country like France, in the midst of a volup- tuous court, and under the reign of a monarch who, although he put on the semblance of reli- gion, was " at heart a rake," appeared, perhaps, the three most eloquent advocates of religion and morality, that have been known since the establishment of Christianity ; for although there may be a greater display of theological learning in the writings of the ancient Fathers, although nothing ever equalled the depth of thought and closeness of reasoning found in the works of Taylor and of Barrow, of Butler and of Clarke, yet it must be allowed that of that species of eloquence which is particularly calcu- lated— " By winning words to conquer vv'illing hearts. And make persuasion do the worjc of fear," of that resistless appeal to the heart, which is the very spirit of eloquence, more perfect speci- mens were never given than may be found in the eloquent sermons of Bourdaloue, the sublime pages of Bossuet, and the delightful volumes of the tender and irresistible Massillon. X.VIV SKftT^H OF THE mOffRESS On speaking of tlic Literature of tlie eig-lif- eonth ceutniy, it is the less necessary to notice the writers of other countries, afs being- nearer to our time they will the more readily present themselves to the reader's mind, but we cannot allow the singular fact (o pass unnoticed, that Crermany, which till then had scarcely been known among the literary countries of Europe, took at once such a stride as to render her lite- rature an object of universal attention. So rapid has been the growth of this young plant in the garden of literature, that one would almost sup- pose it to have been reared within the quicken- ing atmosphere of the hot-house; but so power- ful has the trunk become, so strong are its branches, so green the leaves that grow, and so bright the flowers that bloom on it, that it gives good earnest of a stout and healthy tree that may live to see the decay of some of its elder brethren. The first P'renrh writer (hat presents himself to our notice, at the opening of the eighteenth century, is Lesage, the celebrated author oi Gilblas. He will always be admired for the great skill with which in that, and other works, he depicted human life, and the manners of his age ; but let it be remembered to his eternal h'^nour, that while he described, T.esage took OF FREXtM LlTEUATLllE. X.XV 110 part ill the corruption of his age. and that he is one of the few men of that time, who couhJ pourtray vice and dissi})ation, without fear that the painter should be recognised in the portrait he drew. After Lesage, we come to another celebrated name, to that of a man, who, gigantic as was the fame he obtained, had talents which fully bore out his reputation ; but for the welfare of w hose time, for that of his country, and, perhaps, of posterity, it had been better if he had never lived, or if Providence, while bestowing on him such vast talents, had added to them a small share of that prudence, wisdom, and virtue, without which talent, in the civilized man, ih like a sword in the hands of the unskilful sa- vage, which becomes dangerous in proportion to the keenness of its blade ; after this, it is un- necessary to add the name of Voltaire, of whom the French are proud, as well thev may bo, with regard to the extent of his literary abi- lities, but who has, perhaps, done them more harm than any other writer, and who, with hi.> boasted philosophy, and professed love of truth, has contributed more than any other writer, to keep them from the paths leading to useful knowledge and to happiness, while his wit and fertile imagination enticed them to a fancied and XXVI SKKXrii OK rur, pkoi.rkss deceptive goal; like those delusive fires which lead astray the trusting- villager, who, when he thinks he has reached his home, and listens for the voice of welcome, deserted by the deceitful meteor, finds himself alone, amid darkness, dis- appointment and misery. Tliat Voltaire pos- sessed talents more varied than any writer that ever lived in any country, no man will ever at- tem))l to deny, but while allowing this, every one who has at heart the dignity as well as the liai>piness of human nature, must feel the utmost contempt for that spirit of vanity, which induced him to seek the praise of his contemporaries, at the expence of his fair fame and dignity, and the greatest indignation at the fiendish spirit of sensuality and blasphemy, by evincing which lie abused the power granted him ; and of that |)rostitution of intellect, by which he corrupted the people that admired, and insultedthe God that created him. * "' The following remarks, from a distinguished living writer, arc here given, not only on account of their excellence, bat in support of the above obBcrvations ; — ' "'' ' ' "Pins Voltaire avan^ait dans la carriore, plus il s'y voyait ontouro de rcnommee et d'hommapes. JBientot Ics souverains devinrcnt ses amis, et presque ses flattcurs. La haine et I'cn- vic, en se revoltant centre ses trioraphes, excitercnt en lui des scntiracns de colerc. Cettc opposition coutiuuelle donna plus. OF FP.EXCIl MTERATt'RE. XXVIl Next to Voltaire, appears among the writers of this period, the name of one perhaps as ce- lebrated, and by many as much admired and blamed, the tickle, the elegant Rousseau. While acknowledging with regret the evil tendency of some, and indeed most of the writings of Rous- seau, it would perhaps be unjust to attach to him the same degree of reproach and guilt as to Voltaire, and for this simple reason that Rons- Beau seems to have been honest, which appears not to have been the case with Voltaire. Both indeed were blind, but one was wilfully so. Vol- de vivacite encore a son caractere, et lui fit perdre souvent la moderation, la pudeur etle gout. Telle fut sa vie, telle fut la marche qui le conduisit a cette longue viellesse qii'il aurait pu rendre si honorable; lorsqu'entonr6 d'une gloire imraense, il regnait despotiquement sur les lettres, qui elles-raemes avaient pris le premier rang entrc tons les objets ou se portent la curi- osity et ratteution des hommes. II est triste que Voltaire n'ait pas senti combien il pouvait ennoblir et illustrer une parcille position, en profitant des avantages quelle lui offrait, et en suivant la conduite qu'elle semblait lui prescrire. On s'aflBige que, se laissant cntrainer au torrent d'un siecle degrade, il se soit plonge dans un cynicisme qui peut encore s'excuser dans la licence de la jeunesse, mais qui forme un contraste revoltant avec des cheveux blancs, syrabole de sagesse ot de purete. Quel spectacle plus triste qu'un vieillard insultar.t la Divinite, au moment oil elle va le rappeler, et repoussant le respect di- la jeunesse, en pai'tagcant ses egaremens !" — Literature dc BarantE; p. 64. xwia RK r. r( u or rrir, rRor.nuss tnirc feliiit his eyes (o the (riitli, lest its l>]esseraise) that occupied and dazzled his sii^lit ; poor Rousseau was })hysically lilind, his oj>tic nerves were too weak, too delicate, to bear the full rays of truth, and in his hours of blind- ness and of agony, he turned his eyes within, and described m hat he saw, or imagined he saw, as though it had been, v*b.at he believed it to be, true. If Rousseau erred, it was but error; A'oltaire often did what he knew to be wrong, and asserted \\hat he must have known to be false ; llousseau was the creature of impulse,Vol- taire that of vanity; Rousseau wrote to relieve his overburdened heart, Voltaire to obtain empty praise, which to him was the dearest thing on earth, and thus, to sum up their cha- racter in one word, while a want of consistency was the fault of Rousseau, a want of honesty was that of Voltaire. Both were great men, but both greatly erred though from different causes, and the names of both will go down to j)0sterity, and shine to the eyes of future ge- nerations, rather as beacons to warn, than as luminaries to attract. It is pleasing to turn from the writings of these two great, but dangerous writers, to cue OF FRENCH LITERATURE. XXVV M'lio aliiiost equalled them in power, without greatly participating- in their guilt; for although Montesquieu, in his " Lettres persanes" a work written in his youth, displayed some share of the spirit of licentiousness and infidelity which was then in vogue, he redeemed his character by the publication of his "Esprit des Lois," a book which proved him to be a profound as well as an eloquent writer ; and by his acimirable work on "La Grandeur et la Decadence des Homains," which deserves a place by the side of the book of Tacitus, the clearness of whose style Montesquieu frequently equals, wliile he often gives information which is not to be found in the excellent work of the Roman writer. But one of the most remarkable })roductions ef the eighteenth century, was doubtless the " Encyclopedie." Voltaire, D'Alembert, Di- derot, Helvetius, Raynal and Condillac, first conceived the idea of this stupendous work, the purpose of which was to bring under considera- tion all the leading points in law, theology and political economy, as well as in literature ; and to remodel the form and character of each, ac- cording to the views of those regenerators of so- ciety and founders of a new philosophy. As may be supposed, from the names of those who took a part in it, the overthrow of religion, and of all existing" institutions, was to prove the re- c XXX SKETCH or THE PROGRESS suit of this mifi^hty undertaking-, and if the suc- cess had been proportionate to the talent and the zeal of most of those who were engaged in the cause, the total destruction of all social and religious princi])les would have been the con- sequence of their efforts ; but fortunately for society, those efforts proved unavailing ; the fal- lacy of the opinions broached in the work, on re- ligion, morals, and politics became evident, when an attempt was made to reduce them into {)ractice ; the immense progress which the sci- ences have since made, have greatly diminished, if not totally annihilated the value of its scien- tific treatises, and the " Encyclopedie" (now far surpassed in point of merit and of interest by the " Enc}'clo{)edie methodique") is only re- ferred to on account of the value of some of its literary articles, and particularly of its excel- lent preface, written by D'Alembert, and re- markable both for the ideas it contains, and the happy manner in which they are expressed. Although this work had not all the success that its projectors exi)ected, its appearance had s, great influence upon society at large, an in- fluence which may be considered to have lasted until, as has already been observed, experience fully })rovcd the absurdity of the doctrines, and the danger of the principles it advocated. As we approach nearer our own time, we find OF FREXCH LITERATURE. XXXl two writers well deservingof our attention. The first of these, Buffon, claims a place by the side of Yoitaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. En- dowed with a vivid imagination, and possessing to a high degree the power of expressing his thoughts in language at once correct and ani- mated, he has described the beauties and won- ders of nature in language worthy of his sub- ject, and combines in his descriptions, which ap- pear as so many pictures, the minute delinea- tions of the naturalist? with the bold and spi- rited expositions of the poet. Never, indeed, was nature painted on so grand a scale, or with so much charm ; and Buffon is alike successful when representing her in her wildest, or in her most cultivated state, when calling our atten- tion to the minute and exquisite beauties of the humming bird, or to the sublime terrors of the stupendous volcano. Great however, as Buf- fon appears as a writer, he is not altogether free from reproach. On perusing his elegant and glowing pages, it is sometimes impossible not to perceive that when calling to his aid all the charms of art, he appears to forget the precept laid down by the poet, Artis est celare artem ; while on the other hand, when closing the vo- lume, we cannot help regretting that Buffon has not given to his great work the additional XXXI I SKETCH OF THK 1MIU(;H1:SS charm which it would have possessed, if lie had not remained satisfied with describing" what he saw, but liad also spoken of what he felt ; if while so powerfully describing the wonders of the creation, he had spoken of the wonderful creator, if on tracing the chain of human exis- tence, he had placed one connecting link be- tween earth and heaven, and raising, for one moment, his eyes from the scene he so vividly described, he had led us to look with him from " Nature's wonders up to Nature's God." Neither of the charges here brought against Buffon, can be justly laid to Bernardin de St. Pierre, the other w riter alluded to above. Possessing a sensibility inferior to that of no writer except Rousseau, of whom he was the friend, and may be considered the disciple, St. Pierre, keenly alive to all the beauties of na- ture, describes her with all the warmth of a lover, and in his glowing pages we frequently find descriptions equal in beauty to those of Buffon, but giving evidence of one who has felt as well as seen what he describes. His lan- guage indeed, has not always the extreme cor- rectness of BufTon's, but the very freedom with which he writes, giving to his compo- sitions, a more natural appearance, imparts an additional charm to his pages, while the love OF FREXCH LITERATURE. XXXiH of man as well as of nature, and the firm and fond belief in a wise and kind providence, which are e^'ident throughout his works, ren- der them calculated to please the man of sense and piety as well as the man of taste. With St. Pierre the love of man seems to have been not only an innate feeling but a ruling passion, while for the depth of his religious feelings he was indebted to a life of trials and tribulation ; to the former we owe the efforts he made both in his life and works to render men happier, and from the latter arises that gentle spirit of resignation apparent in all he wrote, and which makes him speak of suffering, as accessory to the welfare of man, tell us that men are good only in proportion as they are unhappy, and lead him to compare human misery to the black mountain of Bember, at the extremity of the burning kingdom of Labor ; the ascent to w hich presents nothing to the eye but barren rocks, but when the summit is attained, the heavens are above your head, and the kingdom of Cachemire at your feet. It is not, however, on these accounts alone, that St. Pierre merits our attention, but as being also the founder of a new species of literature in France, and as having prepared tliat great change which has taken, and is still taking place, in French Literature. XXXIY SKETCH OF THE PROUllESS Rousseau excepted, mo&t of the writers who had preceded St. Pierre, liad giv^en expression to their tlioii^hts rather than to their feelings; with them literature seems to hare belonged to the head and not to the heart, while it is from the heart that the compositions of St. Pierre, like those of Rousseau, derive their greatest charm, with this difference, however, that the feelings which Rousseau expresses and excites, all centre in himself, while those produced by the wTitings of St. Pierre, are not only of a gen- tler kind, but of a more expansive nature. While this delightful writer was thus calling the attention of his countrymen away from the heartless compositions and pernicious doctrines of the Philosophes, and setting before their eyes enchanting pictures of happiness and purity, political agitation was at its height, the clouds that had so long hung over France, were ra- pidly lowering, the storm which for centuries had been collecting, was about to burst, and that great and awful change w^as at hand which will ever be remembered by future generations as the French Revolution. It has been fre- quently asserted that the writings of Voltaire, Rousseau, and their associates or disciples, w ere instrumental in producing that memorable event. The hypothesis, though it may have OF FRENCH LITERATURE. XXXV been carried too far, is doubtless founded on truth, and it is not too much to say that although these writiugs did not cause, they at least quali- fied the French Revolution. A long series of years of oppression, the ambition of some of the French monarchs, the vices of others, in which the nobility, and even the clergy, too frequently participated, were doubtless the primary causes of the downfall of French Monarchy ; but there is no doubt also that the taste for a spirit of en- quiry into the nature and form of government, rendered so pleasing to the French by the wri- tings of Montesquieu, the strong appeals made to the feelings of men by Rousseau, and the fearless attacks of Voltaire and his disciples against all established institutions, contributed to rouse the people to a sense of their situation, of the injuries they had suffered, and the rights they might regain. Happy had it been for the nation, if those who thus showed the evils, had also pointed out their remedy ! but unfortunately an appeal was made, not to the reason, but to the feelings of the people ; the desire of these reformers was, not to improve, but to destroy kings; they could not rest satisfied with a par- tial and gradual alteration, but desired a sud- den and universal change, not only in the poli- tical institutions, but in the religious opinions xx.tvi SKETCH or rnr. rnoonK*!* nr.d forlings of men, and hence that dreadful subversion of cv^ery tliini^good and holy, which attended the overthrow of the French Mon- archy, and which threatened the annihilation of France itself from among the nations of Eu- rope. '^I'o speak of the literature of France during tlie French Revolution, were to speak of what never conld exist, for it was impossible that en- grossed as the public mind was by the great and dreadful events which had then become of daily occurrence, the attetition of the people could have been called to literary productions, even if there had been in France a man capable of turning aside from the tronbles that agitated his conntrv, to devote his time to literary pur- suits ; hence the only compositions worfhy of being recorded, (such as the speeches of Mirabeau, and the celebrated " Marseilloise," one of the finest lyrical compositions ever penned,) are interesting rather in an historical, than in a literary point of view. France, after the Revolution, like a vessel after an engagement, in which she has not only been deprived of her commander, but has lost her sails and rudder, was tossed upon the tem- pestuous waters of political dissensions, at the me,rry, not only of every storm, but of the first 0¥ FRENCH LITERATURE. XXXVll .spirited man who chose to take possession of the helm, and by steering his own course, to make the prize his own. This was done by Na- poleon Buonaparte, who having- assumed tho government over France, gave but little encou- ragement to literature, and appeared more de- sirous his subjects should wield the sword than the pen. It is, however, a fact well deserving of remark, that of the few writers who flourished under the reign of Buonaparte, by far the greatest was a woman, and having said this, it is almost unnecessary to add to the observation the name of Madame de Stael. No country, indeed, ever produced a woman endowed with such gigantic powers of intellect as this sur- prising writer. As an historian, as a critic, and as a novellist, she was equally distinguished. Gifted with great powers of imagination and endowed with excessive feelings, no writer ever so dis})layed the characteristics considered as peculiarly belonging to her sex and ours; and so profound is her reasoning, and so deep and powerful are her sentiments, that she mar be said to have written with the head of a man, and the heart of a woman. Of the power that most particularly indicates genius, that of de- scribing in terms equally forcible and vivid th© thoughts of the mind, and the workings of the XXXVUl SKETCH OF THE PROGRESS heart, no finer specimens exist, perhaps, in any writer, ancient or modern, than can be found in some of the pages of IVIadame de Stael. While, however, we give her all the praise she merits as a writer, let us remember that she has done more substantial service still to the literature of France, by being one of the first to call the attention of her countrymen to the literature of other countries; her excellent work on Germany, does not less merit our ad- miration for the valuable criticisms it contains, and the admirable style in which it is written, than for having been the firt work professedly written to make her countrymen acquainted with the rich and valuable stores of German Literature, a task which few but Madame de Stael would have undertaken, and in which none could have proved so successful. While this highly-gifted woman was at the same time enriching the literature ^^f her own country by her works, and enlarging the views of her countrymen by her counsels and exam- ple, another writer, wandering over every part of the globe, carried every where with him the heart and feelings of a Frenchman ; his spirit unbent by the severest misfortunes, his mind occupied, but not shackled, by the great political changes he had beheld and felt, he wan^ OF FRENCH LITERATURE. XXxix dered from shore to shore, crossed ev^ery sea, visited every land, and at length returned to his native land to describe to his countrymen, in language not always pure, but always vivid and powerful, the beauties that nature had dis- played to his eyes in his many travels. Cha- teaubriand, and his name must ere this have oc- curred to the reader, is by no means possessed of the taste, nor indeed of the feelings which pervade Madame de Stael's compositions ; his style, generally animated and poetical, is some- times affected and turgid ; but amidst all his faults, we can always perceive the man of genius, and freed as he was by his protracted absence from the literary shackles that bound most of his countrymen, there is no doubt that his wri- tings have had, and will continue to have a great influence over those of future writers. Here we find again our attention called away from the consideration of literature to that of politics. France, relieved for a moment from the yoke that had so heavily weighed upon her for centuries, abused her liberty. The victory obtained by the French Revolution can indeed be hardly called the mastery of freedom over power, but that of madness over oppression ; they who instead of the long-established mo- narchy erected a republic, did so upon foun- Xl KKETCn OF THE PROOnESS datioiis of sand; and as miirlit beexpec(ed, when the waters came and the winds blew, tlie totter- ing fabric fell to the gronnd. Bnonaparte, who came after, fixed his em])ire on a t'lnier foun- dation ; it was not of i^and, but of iron. Having thus firmly established his }>ower, it w ould have been difficult, if not impossible, for any one to have overthrown it, had he not, by his ambition, been the destroyer of his own fortune, and lived to learn that conquests, useless to the people, mav also be fatal to the monarch. With a new government, the French not only received new laws, but obtained new op- portunities of acquiring- knowledge. Before the Revolution, they would probably have suf- fered this opportunity to escape ; they were now too wise to do so ; experience had taught them that obstinacy is not perseverance, that glory does not always follow conquests, that national vanity generally leads to national disgrace, and that it was possible they might improve their own laws and their own literature, by stu- dying those of other countries. They did so, and future generations will bless their memory^ for having had the good sense and the courage (for it requires courage,) to lay aside national jirejudices, and seek for instruction and im- provement wherever it might be found. OF FRENCH LITERATURE. xli The results of this great change, not only in the literary, but in the general character of the French, are becoming daily more evident. While rejoicing, however, at the comparative freedom of thought and political liberty now enjoyed by France, it is alone to the cliange which has taken place in her literature that we must now turn our attention, and our confined limits compel us to do so in a very few words. In dramatic ] iterature, although some approach has been made to a greater degree of freedom, the improvement has been comparatively small, and the French Drama still remains not only shackled by rhyme, but encumbered with the three unities.* In no branch of literature is the change to which we have alluded, more strikingly appa- * The following remarks may not only throw light upon this much debated subject, but will serve as a specimen of the style of a living writer, the leader of what may be called the new school of French Literature, and a man possessed of great and original pov/ers. " Ce qu'il y a d'etrange, c'est que Ics rootiniers pretendent appuyer leur regie des deux unites sur la vraisemblance, tandis <['ie c'est precisemcnt le reel qui la tue. Quoi de plus invrai- semblahle et de plus absurde en effet que ce vestibule, ce peri- style, cette antichambre,lieu banal ou nos tragedies ont la com- plaisance de venir se deronler, ou arrivent, on ne sait comment, les conspirateurs pour declamer centre le tyran, le tyran pour de- .\lii PKKTCir OF THE PR0GRB3S rent tlian in history. With the exception of i3ossiiet's g-reat work, and Montesquieu's ad- mirable Sketch, there scarcely was a work, in French, deserving- the name of a history, at least in the higher sense of the word. That want is now fully supplied ; and the names of Guizot, of Sismondi, of Thierry, and of Mignet fully war- rant the assertion that France may ere long compete with any country, as regards the num- ber and the value of her historical works. Tn poetry also, a great and decided change has taken place. The French poets by aitend- clamer centre les conspirateurs, chacun a leur tour, corames'ils s'6taient (lit bucoliquemcnt . — t^lterniti cantemus ; amant alterna CnmencB. Ou a-t-on vii vestibule ou p6ristyle de cetfce sorte ? Quoi de plus contraire, nous iie dirons pas a la verite, les scolastiques en font bon niarche, mais a la vraiseniblance ? II resulte de-la que tout ce qui est trop caracteristiquc, trop intime, trop local, pour se passer dans rantichambre ou dans le carrefour, c'est-a- dire tout le drame, se passe dans la cdulisse. Nous ne voyons on quelqiie sorte sur le theatre que les coudes de Taction ; ses mains sont ailleurs. Au lieu de scenes, nous avoiis dcs recits; au lieu de tableaux, dcs descriptions. Dc graves personnagos places, comme le chceur antique, entre le drame et nous, vien- nent nous raconter cc qui se fait dans le temple, dans le palais, dans la place publique, de fagon que souventesfois, nous sommes tcntes de leur crier : ' Vraiment ! mais conduisez-nous donf la bas. On s'y doit bion amuser, cela doit ctre beau a voir !' A quoi ils repondraient sans doute ; ' II serait possible que cela vous anuisat ou voiis intercsstit, mais ce n'est point la la question ; OP FRENCH LITERATURE. xlUi ing hitherto too closely to rule, have frequently substituted the form for tlie spirit of poetry, and hence that coldness which, notwithstanding the beautiful finish of some of their com- positions, pervades the works of many of the best French writers. The greatest poets of the present day, finding this defect of French poetry, rendered still more striking by a com- parison with the bolder conceptions of foreign writers, seem determined to remedy the evil, and if we may judge from the beautiful and spirited productions ofLamartine, Delavigne, and B^ranger, French poets will hereafter be nous somuies les gardiens de la dignit6 de la Melpomene fran- yaise.' Voila ! " L'unite de temps n'est pas plus solide que I'unite de lieu. L'action, encadree de force dans les vingt-quatie heures, est aussi ridicule qu'encadree dans le vestibule. Toute action a sa dureepiopre comme son lieu particulier. Verser la meme dose de temps d tons les evenemens ! appliquer la meme mesure sur tout ! On rirait d'un cordonnier qui voudrait mettre le merae Soulier il tons les pieds. Croiser l'unite de temps et I'uuit^ de lieu comme les barreaux d'unc cage et y faiie pedantesquement entrer, de par Aristote, tons ces faits, tons ces peuples, toutes •es figures que la Providence deroule a si grandes masses dans la realite ! C'est rautiler hommes et choses ; c'est faire gri- niacer I'histoire. Disons mieux ; tout cela mourra dans I'ope- ratioii; et e'est ainsi que les mutilateurs dogmatiques arrivent & leur resiiltat ordinaire ; ce qui etait vivant dans la chronique, est mort dans la tragedie. Voila pourquoi, bien souvent, la cagp dc3 unites nc renferme qu'un squelette." — Cromwell, drame,jjar v. Hugo ; preface, p. xxviii. Xlir SKETCH OP THE PROGRESS admired, not more for the polish than for the originality of their compositions. Unfortunately, as is frequently the case in great reforms, the zeal of the reformers has sometimes exceeded their prudence, and in endeavouring to esta- blish the claims of the new school, the Roman- tique, full justice has not always been done to the old school, the Classupie. Let us hope, however, that this literary warfare, while it extends the views, will add to the success of future writers, and that France may at some period produce a literature which shall combine the elements of the two schools ; the originality and power of the modern, as exem- plified in the bold but unequal compositions of Victor Hugo and of Chateaubriand ; and the cor- rectness and polish of the old school as carried to their highest degree of perfection in the "Athalie'* of Racine, and the "Telemaque" of Fenelon. THEOLOGY, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY SERMONS, &c. INTRODUCTION. In the Theological department of the work will be found the titles of the best books written in French on Theology; but should the reader be desirous to procure only some of them, a few observations are necessary to point out those which ought to form a part of every Library. With respect to the versions of the Bible, enough is perhaps said in the article on that subject, and it may, therefore, suffice here to state, that the edition most used by French Protestants, is that of Martin. The best commentary extant, in the French lang-uage, on the Scriptures, is Calmet's "Dictionnaire Historique et Critique." Respecting' the New Testament, it may be a sufficient recommenda^ tion of Eeausobre's translation, that the work is constantly used at the English Universities, On the evidences of the Christian Religion, one of the most esteemed French works is Abbadie's " Traite de la Verite de la Reli- gion Chretienne," and on Ecclesiastical History, Fleury's work is one of the most valuable ex- isting, not only in French, but in any language, 4 liNTRODUCfiON. Bergifr's "Dictionnaire doTheologie," tliough the author be a more zealous than impartial defender of Catholicism, is a work which may always be consulted with adv^antage on all sub- jects connected with Theology. The great re- putation which Pascal andNicoLE have so long' enjoyed, renders it necessary only to mention their names, in order to suggest the propriety of their forming a part of every Library. Sermons form a very rich branch of French Literature, and among those which may \ye considered as in- dispensable, are the compositions of Bossuet, BoLRDALOUE, Massillon and Saurin. Of living Theologians, those which enjoy at present the greatest reputation amongst the French, are the Abbe Gregoire, M. de la Mennais and Frays- siNOus. Finally, to the reader who wishes to become acquainted with the Theological writers of every age and country, no better work can be recommended than IJupIxN's *'Bibliothequ€ Universelle dcs Autcurs Ecclesiastiques." THEOLOGY, &r. Abbadie (Jean.) Traite de la Verite de la Religion Chretienne, &c. La Haye, 1743, 4 vols. 12mo. " The Treatise on the truth of the Christian Religion, by Ab- badie, for powerful reasoning, and forcible writing, is the best work we have on the sxihicctJ'—Barbier's Bibliothvqtie d'lm Homme de Gout, vol. 5, p. 390. " At the head of the defenders of the christian religion, I should place Abbadie, whose admirable treatise is indisputably a master-piece of the kind." — Formei/s Conscils pour former une Bibliothhjue, p. 8. Agier (Le President.) LesPsaumes, nouvellement traduils sur I'hebreu, et mis en leur ordre naturel, avec des expli- cations et notes critiques. Paris, 1809, 2 vols. Svo. — Commentaire sur TApocalypse, par I'auteur des explications des Psaumes et des Proplie- ties. Paris, 1823, 2 vols. Svo. — Propheties, concernant Jesus Christ, et I'E- glise, eparses dans les Livres Saints, avec des explications et notes. Paris, 1819, Svo. *' A valuable little manual of Scripture Prophecies, relative to Jesus Christ," — Home's Introduction to the Stndj of the Scriptures, sixth edition, vol. 2, (Appendix.) p. 185, n THEOLOGY, — Les Prophetes, nouvellement tradiiits sur I'hebreu, avcc des explications et des notes critiques, viz. : — Esare. Paris, 1820, 2 a^oIs. 8vo. — Jeremie, avcc un appendice, Paris, 1821, two 8vo. parts. The appendix to this version of tlic prediction of .Jeremiah, contains the Lamentations, and the Apocryphal book of Baruch. — Ezechiel. Paris 1821, 2 vols. 8vo. — Daniel. Paris, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. — Petits Prophetes. Paris, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. *' This (Jercmio) is a continuation of the great work of the President Agier, and merits the same degree of praise we have already bestowed on his translations of the Psalms, the Pro- phecies of Isaiah, and other scriptural prophecies. The author is ever distinguished as an enlightened christian, a skilful licbraist, a profound critic, a candid theologian, a faithful translator, and a fine writer." — Revue Encijclopediquc, vol. 10, p. 170. Alletz. (Pons. Aug.) Dictiounaire des Conciles, contenant une somme de tons les conciles generaux, nationaux, &c, Paris 1773, 1 vol. 8vo. Wc only mention this book that no lapsis should appear in •our account of Theological Works. This edition is preferabk to that of 17oS. To this should be added the Traite rh I' Etude drs Conciles, par Salmon, Paris, 1721, 4to. It is n very good book, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 7 Barruel (Abbe.) Histoire du Clerge de France, pendant la Re- volution Francaise. Paris, 1804, 2 vols. 8vo. " With the horrors of the revolution hefore his eyes, the Abbe would have been more or less than man, if he had not felt them strongly: it nas natural that he should write as he felt. This work has been universally read, passed through many •editions, and much criticised ; 3'et not a single fact mentioned in it, has been disproved." — Works of C. Butler, vol. 5, p. 251. Bayle (Pierre.) Critique Generale de I'Histoire duCalviuismede Maimbourg. Villa Franca, 1684, 4 vols. 12mo. " The fashion of the age made the philosopher Bayle enter the list s of controversy, into which he brought with him a measure of knowledge, precision and candour, as well as entertainment, seldom exhibited there. In his reasonings concerning infallibility and the rights of an erroneous conscience, you see the accurate and enlightened dialectician ; but he is rather diffuse. No man was ever better qualified than Bayle for assuming the character of his adversary, shewing his system in a new garb, and for availing himself of all the places open to assault, which is one of the greatest advantages of the sceptical philosophy. His chapters on the marriage of the clergy are full of pleasantry, learning, and knowledge of human nature ; and his two letters on the love of parents towards their children, and on jealousy, contain a profound philosophy, in which he imfolds a chain of prejudices connected with our existence, necessary for our hap- piness, and intended by the supreme being to supply the place of a reason too exalted for the bulk of mankind, and too weak to be a principle of action." — (Jibbon's Miscellaneous Works, vol. 2, p. 300. 8 THEOLOGY, Beausobre (Isaac de) Histoire de Maiiichee et du Maniclieisme. Am-, sterdam, 1734-39, 2 vols. 4to. " This work of Bcausobrc, of which I have made great use, contains not only a laboured history of Manichees, but likewise several entertaining and useful digressions concerning the opi- nions of the heathen philosophers, and the most early christian seels. I wish some learned man might have sufficient leisure and encouragement to give ns a handsome edition of it in English." — Lardncr's Workts. Beauvais (Marie de) Sermons. Paris, 1807, 4 vols. 12mo. Barbier in his Bihl. d'un Homme de Gout, considers these sermons as worthy a place amongst the most celebrated pro- ductions of the same kind. It is to be regretted that the dis- course pronounced on Holy Thursday, 1774, the year in which Louis XV. died, docs not appear in the collection. It will be recollected that the preacher, in alluding to the scriptural passage " Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown." — (Jonah III. 4.) seemed to predict a death, of which, at that time, there was no indication. " There is no christian sect to whom these sermons would not be applicable. They might with as much propriety be delivered at Naples, Petersburgh or London, as at Paris : and this we consider to be no faint eulogium." — Clienier^s Tableau de la Liitterature Francaise, p. 146. Bergier (Abbe Nic.Syl.) Dictionuaire de Theolog-ie, exlrait de TEncy- clopedie Methodiqiie, &c. Paris, 1826, 8 vols. 8vo. ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTORV, &:r. 9 " This work, a very useful one to consult, has had many jsditions : two of which were puhlished at Toulouse, one ia 1817, and the other in 1819."— Peignofs 3Ianuel du Biblio- phile, vol. 2, p. 143. " This is one of the best books of the kind. It is divided into three parts, viz : Dogmatical Theology, Criticism on the Sacred Writings, and Ecclesiastical History ; so that it is a sort of Theological Encyclopaedia.'' — Barbicr's Bibl. d'un Homme de Gout, vol. 5, p. 386. — Ajiolog-ie de la Religion Chretienne. Avig-r non, 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. " Bergier's Apologie, written in answer to Boulanger, is a very excellent work" — Barbier's Bibl. d'un Homme de Gout. — Traite Historique et Dogmatique de la Vraie Religion. Paris, 1820, 10 vols. 8vo. *' Tliis treatise is the best production of its author. It con- tains a refutation of the arguments comprised in those philo- sophical works which have had the greatest circulation." — Barbier's Bibl. d'un Homme de Gout, vol. 5, p. 390. Bible. La Sainte Bible, en Frangoys, trans- latee selon la pure et entiere traduction de Sainct Hierome, par Jacques le Fevre d'Es- taples. En Anvers, par Martin I'Empereur, 1530, in fol. goth. " This (says Brunet) for a long time, has been considered the first edition of the French Bible, but it is the second edition of the version of Le Fevre, for (according to Prosper Marchand, Dictionnaire Historique, 1st part, page 252) this theologian tirstgavc an edition in 8vo. in six parts, published separately. JO THEOLOGY It cnnimencetl with the New Tostamcnt, impr. en la maison, Simon de Colines, a Paris, I'an mil cinq ccns. xxiij, 2 volumes. Then followed the Psalms of David, by the same Sim. de G)lines, lo25 ; thou the five books of Mosos, a An vers, chez Martin L'Empereur, le 28 Septciiibre, 1528, and probably at the same time, the whole of the Old Testament. Ills version of part of the Bible, printed at Paris, having incurred the censure of Parliament, on the 28th of Aug. 1525, a decree was issued condemning his translations. He was consequently obliged to get the remainder printed at Antwerp. It appears that this first edition was vigorously suppressed, as copies of it are very rare. I do not think that the Livres Hystoriaulx, by Guyard dcs Moulins, should be considered entitled to a rank among the translations of the Bible. Its title is ' Les Livrcs Hystoriaulx de la Bible, translates de Latin eu Franjois de Pierre le Mangcur, par Guyart des Moulins. Paris, pour Ant, Verard (vers. 1495) 2 vols, in fol. goth. fig.' " " Guiars de Moulins, canon of St. Pierre d'Airo, in the diocese of Touraine, is commonly but erroneously considered as the first French translator of the Bible. Between the years 1291 and 1294 he translated the Historia Scholastica of Peter Comcs- tor, a popular abstract of sacred history, which has been con- founded with the Scriptures. Several copies of this trans-^ lation are in the Royal Library at Paris ; and an edition of it was printed by order of Charles VIII. to whom it was dedicated at Paris, in 1487. u * * * 'pjjg translation of Le Fovre is said to be the basis of all the subsequent French Bibles, whether executed by Roman Catholics or Protestants." — Home's Introduction, S^c, vol. 2, (Appendix,) p. 85-6. — La Saiiitc Bible, en Latin et eu Frangois, avec des explications du sens litteral, et du ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, S:c. II sens spirituci, par Louis J. le Maistre de Sacy, du Fosse, et Beaubrun. Paris, 1682, et anil. suiv. 32 vols. 8vo. This version, more elegant than exact, is even at the pre- sent day, the most in favor. It first appeared in 1672 ; but the edition of 1682 is the one generally preferred, as being more correct. — La Sainte Bible, en Latin et en Francois, de De Sacy, avec uii commentaire litteral et critique, par D. Augustin Calmet. Paris, 1724, 8 torn, en 9 vols. fol. * " It contains the Latin text of the Vulgate, and a French version, in collateral columns, Avith the notes at the bottom of each page. It has a vast apparatus of preface and disser- tations, in which immense learning, good sense, sound judgr ment, and deep piety are invariably displayed. This is, without exception, the best comment on the sacred writings ever published, either by catholics or protestants." ' (Dr. A, Clarke.) " Walchius (Walchii Bihl. TheoL vol. 4. p. 433.) has pronounced an equally strong but well merited eulogium on this valuable work, to which we have been largely indebted in the course of these volumes.'' — Home's Introduction to the Study of the Scriptures, vol. 2, (Appendix) p. 202. — La Saiute Bible, en Latin, et en Frangais, avec un commentaire litteral, par de Car- rieres. Paris, 17.50, 6 vols, 4to. Barbier, in his BihliotlihqiLc d'un Homme de Gout, vol. 6, p. 377, will be found to have given the preference to thig translation, beyond that of de Sacy. li 'J'HEOLOGV. < — Ij-a SaiiiteBiltlc, ciiLatin, eteiiFrancais, avec des notes, des prefaces, &c. tirees dii com- iiientaire de D. Calmet, de I'Abbe de Vence, &c. Seconde edition, aug^mentee par L. E. Rondet. Avignon et Paris, 1767-73, 17 vols. 4to. plates. This edition, known as the Bible de Vcnce, but which ought rather to bear the name of Rondet, its editor, is highly esteemed, " In this collection may bo found, all that the ablest com- mentators, and the most judicious critics have written on the Scriptures." — Barbicr's Bibl. d'loi Homme de Goat, vol. 5, p. 378. " The critical and historical dissertations, which are 170 in number, treat on various passages of Scripture aud biblical sub-, jects. There are seven largo indexes relative to Scripture-? chronology and geography, to the Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, and Greek names, and in general to the contents of the text, pre- faces, dissertations, notes, &c. * * The Bible and Com- mentary are much esteemed in France, but little known in tins country."— i/or/je'* Introduction, Sj-c. vol. 2, (Appendix,) P^ 202. A later edition of this Bible, by M. Drach, to make 2i) vols, commenced publishing in Paris, in 1827, — La Sainte Bible, iranslatee en Franeais, (ou pliitot revue sur la traduction de J. Lefevre, d'Estaples) par P. Robert Olivetan, aide de J. Calvin. Neufchatel, P. de Winglc, 1535, in fol. goth. This Bible is the first French protcstant version. —La Sainte Bible de M. Martin, Ministre d'U-, treclit. Amsterdam, 1707, 2 vols. fol. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. IS " An esteemed protestant version, the notes of which super- seded those of Desmarets. There is a quarto edition, without the notes. The octavo Hanover edition has an excellent pre- face, by M. L,'En(aut."—t^ormey's Conseils pour former une Bibliothbque. " Mr. Martin revised the Geneva edition of the French Bible,- and corrected it so materially, that it is frequently considered as a new translation. The short notes contain much good sense, learning, and piety." — Home's Introduction to the Stiidif ef the Scriptures, vol 2, (Appendix,) p. 201. London, 1828. Of this esteemed translation an excellent edition was published at Paris, in 1 vol. Svo. 1820. — Les Livres de Tancien Testament, histories en francois, par Frere Julian Macho et Pierre Ferget. Pet. in fol. goth. First edition of the Old Testament, in French. It is printed in double columns, with the type used by Buyer, in his edition of the New Testament, printed in the same manner, at Lyons. — La Sainte Bible, par Ostervald,avec argumens et reflexions, &c. Neufchatel, 1744, 2 vols, fol. This edition, says Barbier, in his Bibl. d'un Homme de GoUt, vol. 5, p. 379, was printed under the immediate inspection of M. Ostervald, who compared the common version with the original text, the vulgate, &c. and the greater part of modern translations, without any mixture of controversial subjects. " M. Ostervald was an emment divine of the French protestant church ; his arguments and reflections are very valuable, and have been liberally consulted by later commentators. A de- 14 THEOLOGY, tached translation of tliem, in 3 vols. 8vo. was pubiislicd by Mr; Chambcrlayne in tbe early part of llie eighteenth century, at the request and under the patronage of the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge."' — Home's Introduction, Sic. vol. 2, (Ap- pendix,) p. 202. — LeNouveau Testament, traduit en francois, sur le Grec, avec des notes, par JST. de Beau- sobro and D. L'Enfant. Amsterdam, 1718, 2 vols. 4to. " To complete this excellent work, there should be added, Remarqucs historiques, critiques, et philologiques, sur le JVouveaii Testament, par M.Beausohre, 4to. A la Haye, 1742/ This, though a posthumous work, is very valuable, and contains many excellent and judicious observations, briefly expressed, but which nevertheless comprise the substance of remarks, offered by the best interpreters." — Home's Introduction, &c. vol. 2, (Appendix,) p. 242. BossuET (Jacques B.) Sermons et Oraisons Funebres. Paris 1772 — 180S, 19 vols. 12mo. " The sermons of Bossuet place him incontestably in the first line of preachers ; and even leave it open to argument, whether be be not the first in that line. Bourdaloue and Masillon alone can dispute his pre-eminence. Nothing in the sermons of either equals in splendour or sublimity, a multitude of passages, which may be produced from the sermons of Bossuet ; and he lias little of Masillon's too frequent rtlonotony, or of the cold dialectic, which occasionally retards the beautiful march of ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 15 iBdurdaloue. On the other hand, Bossuct has not the con- tinued elegance and grace of MasiHon ; and an advocate of Bonrdaloue might contend, that if Bourdaloue appear to yield to Bossuet in sublimity, it is only because the sublimity of Bourdaloue is more familiar, and therefore less imposing. * * Those who read sermons merely for their literary merit, will prefer the sermons of Masillon to those of Bourdaloue and Bossuet ; on the other hand, the profound theology of the sermons of Bossuet, and the countless passages in them of true sublimity and exquisite pathos, will lead many to give him a decided preference over both his rivals. But those who read sermons for instruction, and whose chief object, in the perusal of them, is to be excited to virtue, or confirmed in her paths, will generally consider Bourdaloue as the first of preachers^ and every time they peruse him, it will be with new delight. No sermons possess, in so great a degree, the indescribable charm of simplicity ; and no composition, sacred or profane, contains any thing, which, in grace or effect, exceeds that in- sensible rise from mere instruction into eloquence, of which Bourdaloue scarcely has a sermon that does not furnish more than one example * * *. " To Bourdaloue other merits must be added, particularly the perfection of his style. Always plain, always unambitious, he appears to strike by what he says, and not by the manner of his saying it. * * * * " Few sermons of Bossuet were published before the bene- dictine edition of his works made its appearance. They fill three volumes of that edition." — Works of C. Butler, vol. 3, pp. 282-3. " Bossuet's sermon on the Unity of the Church (says Cardinal Maury) which he preached at the opening of the Assembly of French Clergy in 1G81, appears to me the finest ever pro- U THEOLOGY, nouncpd from a pulpit, and consequently the grandest com- position which has ever ai)pcarcd in any languaofe. It is an oratorical creation, and stands alone ; a prodigy of erudition, of eloquence, of wisdom and of genius. The exordium is emi- nently fine ; it has all the fire, the inspiration, and the splen- did imagery of prophecy!" — See Bo><.sb'i:T, QSuvres Completes. BOURDALOUE (Ic P.) Sermons, publies par le Pere Bretonneau. Paris, 1707, 16 vols. 8vo. " Bourdalmio, with a collected air, had little action ; with eyes generally half closed, he penetrated the hearts of the peo- ple hy the sound of a voice uniform and solemn. The tone with which a sacred orator pronounced the words— l^ii cs ille vir, ' Thuu art the man,' in suddenly addressing them to one of the Kings of France, struck more forcibly than their application. INIadame de Sevigne describes our preacher by saying, * Father Bourdalouc thunders at Notre Dame.' " — JJ' Israeli's Curiosities of Literature, vol. 1. p. 473. " The style and imagery of Bourdalouc seem to rush upon us with the force of a mountain-torrent ; he is the Demosthenes of French divines \ hut it cannot be denied that his art is too apparent ; and that all the subordinate parts of his composition seem to be purposely kept down, in order to sharpen the force of his logic, and to aggravate the tenor of his invective. lathe higher departments of sermon composition, he is, doubtless, without a rival ; and Our Horslcy seems to have had much in common with that eminent divine, as, in the deeper scenes of Christ's sufferings, and in the delineations of the day of judg- ment, there was much about both these preachers, which exhi- Irited all the sublimity of which such subjects arc capable." — Dibdi)i's Library Companion, p. 93. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 17 Brown. La Religion du Medecin, traduit du Latin, 1668, 18mo. " This translation is more esteemed than the original Latin work, on account of some interesting notes which are not to be fonnd in the original edition." — Dsbure, Bibliograpliie In- structive. Calmet (Dom A.) Bictionnaire Historique et Critique de la Bible, Paris 1 730, 4 vols. fol. plates. " This is a book as curious as instructive," says Barbier, in liis BibL, vol. 5, p. 382. " A translation of this truly valuable work, with occasional remarks, was published in 1732, in three folio volumes, which having become extremely scarce, an edition was published in 1801, in two thick quarto volumes, by Mr. Taylor, with a volume of additions from books of voyages and travels, &c. under the title of Fragments. A new edition, enlarged and greatly improved, was published in 1823, in 5 volumes, 4to. The work is pleasingly illustrated with numerous engravings, which convey an accurate idea of oriental manners and customs. Calmet's Dictionary is the basis of all similar works." — Home's Introduction, 8)C. vol. 2, (Appendix,) p. 292. — Dissertations qui peuvent servir de Prolego- menes de I'Ecriture Sainte. Paris, 1720, 3 vols. 4to. " This publication contains the various Dissertations, prefixed by the learned father Calmet to the different books of Scripture, and published in his commentary, with numerous corrections C \3 THEOLOGY, and additions. Eighteen now Dissertations have been added ; and the whole has been arranged in a new and commodious order, in- order to render these disq-uisitions what the author designed they should be, — Prolegomena to the Bible. Many important topics are here treated at considerable length. Vol. I. contains the Dissertations relating to the scriptures generally, and to the History, Discipline, Customs and Opinions of the Jews. Vol. II. comprises Prefaces to the several books of the Old Testament, both canonical and apocryphal. Vol. III. contains similar pre- faces to the different books of the New Testament, and thirty- one Dissertations on various subjects." — ^Horne^s Jntrodactiony Sf.c. (Appendix,} vol. 2, p. 131. Cambaceres (Abbe.) Sermons. Paris, 1823, 3 vols. 12mo. "Considerable order, clearness, and method; ideas just, solid, and profound ; great force of reasoning ; and purity of style, characterise the sermons of Cambac6res." — Barbier's- Blbl. 8^-c. vol. 2, p. 4GG. Ckapelain (Le Perc.) Sermons. Paris, 1768, 6 vols. 12mo. " This Jesuit obtained the highest reputation in all the great fowns of France, and was for more than 20 years the object of universal admiration. His discourses are distinguished for elevation of thought, force of reasoning, and refinement of lan- guage." — Barhier's Blbl. 8fC. vol. 2, p. 4.59. Chateaubriand (F. A. de.) Le Genie du Christianisme, ou Beautes de la Religion Chretienne. Paris, 1823, 5 vols. 8vOo- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 19 " Neyer was a work attended Avith more splendid success. It appeared in 1802, at a time when religious proscription had ceased, when worship had recommenced in the churches ; and when the faithful had seen with inexpressible joy their ancient rites restored. The Genie has been translated into the lan- guages of Italy, Germany, England, Spain, Russia, Hungary, Poland, Sweden, Holland and Modern Greece." — Peignot's Manxicl du Blhliophile, vol. 2, p. 15L Barbier (in his Bibl. vol. 5, p. 397) says that many religions persons condemn this far-famed production of M. Chateaubriand as being of too light a nature for its subject ; and that the style, plan, and spirit of the work have also met with much (perhaps deserved) disapprobation. Chais (Charles.) Sermons. A la Haye, 1/90, 2 vols. Sv^o. " His Sermons are exceedingly judicious ; the subjects are all treated in a practical manner. Divines may find these sermons useful, but they are not adapted to readers who are partial to works on experimental religion." — Cobbin's French Preacher, p. 527. Chatelaix (Henri.) Sermons. Lausanne, 1775, 6 vols. 12mo. " The subjects of these sermons are general; the mode of treat- ment more practical than devotional ; the sentiments scriptural ; the style neat ; the plans judicious and methodical." — Cobbln's French Preacher} p. 527. Cheminais (le Pere.) Sermons. Paris, 1764, 5 vols. 12mo. 20 TllE0Lf3GY, Barbier (in his Dlhl. vol. 2, p. 453,) speaks in high terms of these sermons. Cheminais had a fine genius, and was a de- served favourite of the Court, and of the inhabitants of Paris. Clemence (L'Abbe J. G.) Les Caracteres du Messie, verifies en Jesus de Nazareth. Rouen, 1776, 2 vols. 8vo; " Tlic author determines the characteristical marks of the Messiah with precision and accuracy ; points out in consequence of these characters (which are drawn from the clearest predic- lions) the prophecies that, taken in a literal sense, regard the IMessiah ; and by a comparison of these prophecies Avith the events, sets the divine mission of Christ in the most striking light. There is a great deal of good erudition and sound judgment in this work." — Monthly Review, O. S. vol. Ivi. p. 218. Claude (Jean.) Sermons. Montauban, 1821, 8vo. Baylc speaks of these sermons in very high terms. He says " they contained all that the Hugonots desired; a great order, a profound divinity, and a great deal of eloquence and solidity.** —Sec Claude, Belles Lettrcs. Clement (L'abbe D.) Sermons. Paris, 1770, 9 vols. 12mo. " The eloquence of the Ahb6 C16ment is of a peculiar nature ; it has not the thunder of Bossuet, the rapidity of Bourdaloue, the delicacy of Cheminais, the happy facility of Masillon, the richness of Pore do Neuville ; but the measured tone and majesty of the Prophets ; the manly vigour and energetic pre- cision of St. Paul ; and the pathos and solemn march of St,^ Chrysostom."— Z?r/r^'iV;-> Dibl. vol. 2, p. 460. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 21 CoLOxi V (Le Pere D.) La Religion Chretienne, aiitorisee par le Te- moignage des anciens auteurs paiens. Lyons, iri8, 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1820, Svo. " This treatise, though published nine years before Dr. Lardner commenced his admirable work on the Credibility of the Gospel History, does not appear to have been known to him. The sub- jects discussed by Colonia are comprised in the third volume of Dr. Lardner's works, from page 594 to the end, and in the fourth volume, from page 3 to page 430 of the 4to. edition published at London in 1815. Father Colonia has collected together numerous important facts, which he has illustrated with many valuable re- marks; though he has not followed strict chronological order in the arrangement of his materials. His chapter on Mohammed is full of errors and ridiculous declamation. Notwithstanding all its defects, his work may be read with pleasure, even after a perusal of Dr. Lardner's volumes on the Credibility^ of the Gos- pel History ; the whole of which the Abb6 Labouderie has an- nounced his intention of translating into I'vench.."— ^Home's Introduction, Sfc. (Appendix,) vol. 2, page 129. CoQUEREL (Charles.) Tableaux de I'Histoire Philosophiqiie du Chris- tianisme,ou Etudes de Philosophic Religieuse. Paris, 1823, 1 vol. 18mo. " This work of M. Coquerel (a warm protestant,) contains the most elevated views of civilization, inculcating a love of country, and a hatred of all dissension, and embracing many subjects interesting to liberal and cultivated minds." — Revue Encyclopedique, vol. 20, p. 64, 22 THEOLOGY, Croix (De la.) Dictionnaire Historiqiie des Cultes Relig-ieux, &c. nouvelle edition, aiigmentee. Versailles, 1820-21,4 vols. Svo. The able dictionary, by De la Croix, was published anony- mously, in 1 77-'», in 3 vols. Svo. It was reprinted, with the; author's name, in 1777- DupiN (Louis E.) Nouvelle Bibliotheque des Auteurs Ecclesias- tiques, depuis les premiers siecles jusqu'au xviieme. Tables, &c. Paris, 1690, 45 vols. Svo. " Those who quarrel most with the boldness of Dupin, must still allow the greatness of his literary endowments."— /For/"* of C. Butler, vol. 5, p. 17. " A useful book of reference, to which has been added a sup- plement, by L'iVbb^ Goujet." — Former's Conscils, S,'c. BupiN (Avocat, &c.) Liberies de I'Ei^lise, suivies de la Declaration de J682, (de la loi du 8 Avril 1802, et du decret du 28 Fevrier, 1810) avec une Introduction et des Notes, &c. Paris, 1824. 1 vol. 12mo. " Wo hope this work of the celcbraied M. Dupin will be followed II]) by a more extended collection of works of this class, to comprise several ancient texts, such as the regulations of the Churcl), deduced from the Evangelists, according to Fromageot ; the Antiquus Coiex Canonum, approved by Char- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 23 lemagne ; the pragmatic sanction of St. Louis, in 1268; that of €harles VII. in 1437 ; and that of Louis XII. with appro- priate ohservations ; the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, in 1791; and the laws relative to religion, contained in the Chartrc, the national councils, the ancient ordinances, the five codes, and the ballctln dcs lots. As to the declaration of 1682, by Bossuet, unanimously adopted by our church, it is an inestimable work, which cannot be too often referred to. The decree of the 8th April, 1802, is still in force ; and that of 1810 (a despotic act of Napoleon,) is tacitly observed to this day." — Revue E ncyclopcdiqiie , vol. 24, pp. 438-0. DuvoisiN (J. B.) Demonstration Evans^eliqiie, avec un Traite sur la Tolerance. Paris, 1805, Svo. " This work has the great merit of uniting in one volume, arranged with order, clearness, and precision, a vast deal of matter, scattered through a number of books, not generally known." — Barhier's Bill. vol. 5, p. 396. Elisee (Le Pere.) Sermons. Paris, 1785, 4 vols. 12mo. " The sermons of Pere Elisee are distinguished for a pure and elegant style ; a delicacy of tone ; an amiable candour; and a zeal for the progress of salvation. Pere Elis6e was particularly distinguished for his urbanity and simplicity of character. — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 2, p. 462, Flechier (Esprit.) Oraisons Funebres. Paris, 1740, 1 vol. 12mo. 24 TilEOLUOV, " The finest and best written funeral oration of (his celebrated preacher was pronounced over Turenne, on the 10th Jan. IG/G, at the church of St. Eustache, at Paris. It is infinitely superior to any of his other orations.'" — Peignofs Manuel, Sfc. vol. 2, p. 46. Fenelon (F. S. L. de) Directions pour la Conscience d'un Roi. Paris, 1774, 12mo. *' Every line of the Dlractions, S^'C. breathes moderation and virtue ; every line censures ostentation, inordinate love of glory, thirst of conquest, injustice, luxury, yielding to flattery, and the wish of absolute power. It was not printed till several years after Fenelon's decease, when a superb impression of it was printed by the Marquis of Fenelon, then ambassador at the Hague. The court of Versailles took the alarm, and peremptorily ordered the Marqhis to suppress all the copies ; lie obeyed the order, preserving two copies of it only. A sur- reptitious edition of it was published at the Hague, in 1747 ; l)ut in 1771, it Avas published, at Paris, with the express per- mission of Lewis the Sixteenth." — Butler's JVorks, vol. 3, p. 151. — Explication des Maximes des Saints, sur la vie Interieure. Bruxelles, 1698, 12mo. " In performance of his engagements with the Cardinal and the Bisliop of Cliartres, and with Madame de Maintenon, Fene- lon, soon afier his consecration, published his celebrated Ecc- 2)lication, fyc. the imm.ediate cause of all bis woe. It is certain, that, before it was printed, it was examined, Avith the most severe and scrupulous attention, by the Cardinal de Noailles, and M. Tronson, and by M. Pirot, a theologian of great cmi- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 25 iience in his day, attached to Bossuct. It is, however, certain, that immediately on its appearance, it was distinctly and loudly condemned by the public voice. * * * " After the Cardinal de Noailles, the Bishop of Chartres^ and Bossuet had published their condemnation of the Maxims of the Saints, the two former almost quitted the war, and left the field to Bossuet and Fenelon. ' Then,' to use the words of the Chancellor d'Aguesseau, ' were seen to enter the lists, two combatants, rather equal than alike. One of them, of con- summate skill, covered with the laurels which he had gained in his combats for the church, an indefatigable w^arrior ; his age and repeated victories might have dispensed him from further service, but his mind still vigorous, and superior to the v^'eight of years, preserved in his old age, a great portion of his early- fire. The other, in the full strength of youth, not yet much known by his writings, but enjoying the highest reputation for his eloquence, and the loftiness of his genius ; long exercised in the subject of discussion, a perfect master of its language; no- thing in it was above his comprehension, nothing in it w hich he could not explain, and everything explained appearing plausible. " III composing his relation of Quietism (Paris, 8vo. 1822) Bossuet availed himself of some secret and confidential -vvritincs which he had received from Madame de Guyon, of private let- ters written to him by Fenelon, during their early intimacy, and of a letter which, under the seal of friendship, Fenelon had written to Madame de Maintenon, and which she unfeelingly communicated to Bossuet. The substance of these different pieces Bossuet connected with so much art, interwove in them the men- tion of so many curious facts, so entertaining an account of Madame de Guyon's visions and pretentions to inspiration, and so many interesting anecdotes of the conduct of Louis XIV. and Madame de Maintenon during the controversy ; he occasionally inserted in it so much dignified and truly episcopal eloquence, and set it off by such brilliancy of thought and expression, a^ 26 THEOLOGY, excited universal admiration, and attract(;d universal favoi- to its author. A letter of Madame de Maintenon shews the eagerness with which the extraordinary perlormance of Bossuot was read : ' They talk here of nothing else ; they lend it, they snatch it from one another, they devour it.' Nothing could exceed the con- sternation which this raised among the friends of Fenelon, at Rome and at Paris. His first intention was not to answer it; but the Abbe de Chanterac informed him that the impression which it made against him at Rome was so strong, that a full re- futation of it was necessary ; he, therefore, detennined to reply. Bossuet's Relation appeared in the middle of June ; Fenelon's reply was published on the 3rd of August. A nobler effusion of the indignatloa of insulted virtue and genius, eloquence has never produced. In the first lines of it, Fenelon placed himself above his antagonist, and to the last preserved his elevation."— Butler's Works, vol. 3, pp. 59-79. The reader will find full particulars of this interesting affair, in Cardinal Baussct's Vie de Feni'lon, — See Fenelon, CEuvres Co7npletes, ^c. — L'Existcnce do Dieii demontree, par les Merveilles de la Nature. Nouvelle Edition, donnee par Aime Martin. Paris, 1811, two vols. 8vo. This is a good edition of this excellent work. The editor has added the principal modern discoveries in Natural History, an4 many new observations on the harmonies of nature. Fleury (Claude) Histoire Ecclesiastique (jusqu'en 1414) avec la continuation (jusqu'en 1595) par le P. Jean CI. Fabre et Goujet. Paris, 1691 ou 1722-1737, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 2? 36 vols. 4to. Table generale des matieres, par Rondet. Paris, 1758, 4to. —La Meme. Paris, 1724-58, 40 vols. 12mo. including 4 vols, of Index. The edition published at Bruxelles, in 1716 and the following year, is equally good with the Paris edition. " As to Ecclesiastical History, the best that can be chosen is that of the Abbe Fleuiy, which leaves us nothing to desire, either as to the correctness of the style or the impartiality Avith which facts are stated and commented upon." ■ — Formcifs Conscils, ^c. p. 9. " What BufFon was in Natural History, and Bossuet in Polemics and Dogmatical Divinity, the Abbe Fleury was in Ec- clesiastical History. He is the just and enviable boast of the French nation. Fleury lived to execute only 20 out of 36 vols, of which, this history is composed ; the Father Fabre having written the remaining sixteen ; and he would have published more, but was forbidden on account of the inelegance of his style and the want of judgment in the selection of his materials. The first volume of pleury's own labours appeared in 1690, and the last in 1719, but it is usually dated 1722-1737. It is the discourses of Fleury which throw such a charm about his work, and which are pre- fixed to most of his volumes; especially those which accompany the 8th, 13th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th vols. In some of these are disquisitions upon the fall of literature from the eruption of the Vandals, the establishment of Universities, the progress of the Crusades, the history of Indulgencies, and of several religious orders in the 14th century." — Dibdins Li- brary Companion, p. 99. Barante says in his " Litteraturc" " all parties, with one common accord, have agreed in allowing to Fleury, the titlq 2S THEOLOGY, of Le Jiidicieihr. The Ecclesiastical History is a ssupcndous vork, in which something more than erudition may be found. It is written with great circumspection, but is full of sound cri- ticism, and is strictly impartial." — Catechismc Hislorique. Bruxclles, 1804, 12 mo. " In wisdom and impartiality few have equalled Fleury ; his Mosurs des anciens Juifs and Mmurs des anciens Chretiens^ and his Clioix des Etudes are excellent. Far from depreci- ating the biblical exertions of our own times, the present writer thinks they have rendered, and continue to render incalculable service to learning and religion ; yet he is convinced that a re- peated perusal of the Bible, or of any portion of it, will not give either childhood or youth so good a notion of the history, the religion, or the morality of the sacred volumes, as Fleury 's Historical Catechism." — JVorJcs of C. Butler y vol. 5, p. 17- — Moeurs des Israelites. Paris, 1681, 12mo. — MoBurs des premiers Chretiens. The latter of these works contains a very pleasing account of the simplicity of the primitive Christians, especially as con- trasted with the manners of the modern professors of Christianity. FiiAYssiNOUs (Denis.) Defense du Christianisme, ou Conferences sur la Religion. Paris, 3 vols. Svo. " These Conferences are written with sufficient force, and even elegance, and exhibit a sinewy logic ; but they are crowded with obvious faults, which counterbalance the qualities we have just mentioned." — London Magazine, April, 182S, To the above should be added, by the same author : ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 39 — Vrais Priiicipes de TEglise Gallicane, troi- sieme edition. Paris 1826, 8vo. Gery (L'Abbe de.) Sermons. Paris, 1789, 6 vols. 12mo. " Tho eloquence of tliis preacher is of the temperate kind ;' he is simple, clear, and occasionally pathetic." — Barhier's Bib- liotheque, &c, vol. 2, p. 462. Gregoire (L'Abbe.) Essai Historique sur les liberies de TEglise Gallicane, et des autres Eglises de la Catlio- licite, pendant les deux derniers siecles. Paris, 1818, 8vo. *' In this very interesting work we find, combined with the author's usual erudition, that christian spirit of toleration by which he has obtained so many friends to the cause of religion." Revue Ency. vol l,p. 313. — Histoire des Sectes Religieuses, qui depuis le commencement du siecle dernier, jusqu'a I'epoque actuelle, sont nees, se sont modifiees, se sont eteintes dans les qiiatre parties du monde. Paris, 1810, 2 vols. 8yo. " This work is characteristic of its author. It bears ample proofs of his frankness and benevolence, as well as of his incon- sistency, and enormous prejudices, political and religious, of his weak judgment and warm heart. The different sects are ar- ranged, neither with any relation to each other, nor chronologi- cally, nor geographically, nor even in alphabetical order, but ^0 THEOLOGY, with as little methoU or connection as a paragraph in & news* paper." — Qvarterly Review, vol. 28, pp. 1-2. A new and aug- mented edition of this work, is now in course of publication. — Histoire de la Thcopliilantropie, depuis sa naissance jusqu'd son extinction. " This work which now forms part of IM. Gregoire's Histoire des JSectes Religieuses, was first published in a German trans- lation, at Hanover, by Professor Standlen, of Gottingen. It contains materials for an interesting chapter in the history of the French Revolution. According to M. Gregoire, infidelity was imported nito Franco from England, by the author of the poem upon Natural Religion, before which time, very iaw French works could be found in which the fundamental truths of Chris- tianity were attacked. * * * * ]\i, Gregoire is certainly mistaken in affirming that the French derived their infidelity from hence. Our early infidel writers are only known because their writings were confuted as well as condemned. Those writers soon passed into deserved oblivion. Hohhes and Man- deville alone excepted ; the latter being preserved by his poli- tical views ; the former being always to be remembered while any interest is taken in the history of opinions. The French had no occasion to come to irs for infidelity ; they were supplied with it, ill their own language from the Dutch press. More unbelievers were made by Bayle than by all the English infidel writers till the time of Gibbon." — Quarterly Revietv, vol. 28, pp. 493-51G. — Dc I'Influence du Christianisme, sur la con- dition des Fcmmes. Paris, 1821, 8vo. " This slight production is worthy the pen of its celebrated author ; it is curious and instructive ; the subject is ably treated, and the arguments are conclusive." — Revue Encyclopediqney vol. 10, p. 180. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. dT H ELYOT (Le Pere.) Histoire des Ordres Monastiques, Religieiix, et M ilitaires, et des Congregations Secnlieres, &c. Paris, 1714-19, 8 vols. 4to. " This interesting portion of Ecclesiastical History, has heen given with more correctness and method by Pere Helyot, than by any other writer of this class." — Barbier's Bibliotheqne, &c. vol. 3, p. 217. Jesuites. Precis de I'Histoire Generale des Jesuites, de- puis la fondation de leur Ordre, le 7 Sep- tembre, 1549, jusq'en 1826. Paris, 1826, two vols. 18mo. " This History is divided into four parts, viz. First, the foun- dation of the Society, by Ignatius de Loyala ; his government and fundamental laws ; the first establishments, and the con- tinued successes of the Order, in various parts of Europe ; their essays and final triumph in India, Japan, and China, and the introduction of the Inquisition at Goa. Secondly ; The author describes the many efforts made by the Order to obtain a foot- ing in France. Meantime Ignatius dies, and is canonized. Lainez, the Jesuit General, then urges the matter, and at last obtains leave from the conference of Poissy, to establish the Order, on certain conditions, which, however, were not long observed. Thirdly ; the Jesuits commence their interference in public alTairs ; the dreadful part they played at the time of the League ; the regicides of which they were said to be the promotors ; the various accusations brought against them ; and" the disgrace which some of their body incurred, occasioned the 32 TIIEOLOfiV, expulsion of the Society of Jesus. Tlic-y were, however, soon re-admitted, and spread rapidly over France. The disputes with Parliament and the University recommenced ; the Jesuits generally came oil' conquerors, and they began a work of perse- cution against the Jansenists, Protestants, &c. Tlie 4th volume contains the history of their fall; their usurpations, and acts of violence, until the final dissolution and extinction of the Order in France. In conclusion, some notice is taken of their proceedings in the present day. Tlie Precis is very cleverly written ; facts are ably set forth ; there is abundance of matter ; the style is animated, and partakes in some measure, of that fine irony, for which Voltaire is so much distinguished."— 7ley?'tence de Dieu, which Voltaire and Condorcet seized upon, to endeavour to prove that Pascal, on bis death-bed, was tormented by religious scruples, is nothing more than a series of objections, to which are affixed their replies. In order to prove this, I had only to print this chapter exactly as Pascal has written it ; and by the simple addition of the letters A. and B, I have satisfactorily shewn the cxisi:ence of the dialogue." The Pensees of Pascal contain the germ of all that can be said for or against the Christian Religion. " This small col- lection," says the Abbe Trublet, " is a great volume in the hands of an intelligent reader." " To have the best edition of tho Pcns'Ses, it is necessary ta procure the complete works of Pascal, edited with so much zeal and accuracy by the Abbe Bossut. There are one or two rather important deviations from the Text, in the edition of the Pen- sees, by Condorcet, published in 177G." — Barbier's Bill. vol. 5, p. 389. " There are few passages more valuable to the student of Phi- losophy, than the second and third articles of the first part of Pascal's Thoughts, especially the eight rules for definitions, axioms, and definitions formed from the example of geome- tricians, but in some degree applicable to all reasoning, which ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 43 seem to us admirable, for their simplicity and perspicuity, and for a sort of homely usefulness, which is one of the rarest merits of a metaphysician." — Edinhurgh Review, vol. 30, p. 2G'2. Phelipeaux (L'Abbe). Relation de I'origine, du progres, et de la con- damnation du Quietisme, repandu en France, Paris, 1732, 2 parts, 12mo. We abridge the following curious particulars relative to this book, and in reference to the History of Quietism, from a note in the Histoire Generale de I'Eglise pendant le dix-huiiihne sibcle, par TAbbe Guillon : — The Abbe Phelipeaux, Bossuet's grand vicar, and his agent at Rome, wrote a relation of Quietism, which was communicated to, and approved of by Bossuet. This relation was published 20 years after the death of the Abbe (according to his injunction) and was very offensive to the friends and relatives of Fenelon, who had interest enough to procure a rigorous sentence against the work. This, along with the Lettres Promiicialea, and the first volume o{ i\\Q Anecdotes sur I'etat dela religion, dcms iaChinSy became the subject of the most singular condemnation upon re- cord. The Lieutenant of Police (Herault) was authorised in the process by a simple Lettre de Cachet. On the 24th April, 1733, Gabriel Deliege, a bookseller, with his son and three journey- men, were seized by the Police of the town of Sainte Mene- hould. Copies of the three works were also taken possession of at the same time. Deliege and those arrested with him were brought to Paris and confined in the Bastille. Seven months after, a commission was formed in that prison to try the parties. Sen- tence was pronounced on the 29th of December. The wife of Deliege, whom the Lieutenant of Police had implicated in the affair, was discharged, and Deliege and his companions were sen- tenced to be exposed in the pillory, in the public square of 41 THEOLOGY, Sainte IMonchoulcl, besides being fined and I)anished for three vears. Tlie L/cttres Provin dales, and the other works seized, were ordered to be burnt, and Deliege's type was confiscated and brought to Paris to be sold. The inhabitants of the place shut up their shops when the sentence was carried into execu-i tion, and no one attended except the officers of Police. PicoT (I'Abbe). Memoires pour servir a I'liistoire ecclesiastique, pendant le dix-huitieme siecle. Paris, 1815, 4 vols. 8vo. This work will be found a useful appendage to Tillemont'^ Memoires, 8fQ. Pluquet (L'Abbe). Memoires pour servir A I'Histoire des Egare- mens do I'Esprit humain, on Dictionnaire des heresies, des crreurs et des schismes, &c, Xouvelle edition, Besancon, 1817, 2 vols.. The first edition of this excellent w^ork appeared in 1762,^ Potter (M. de)^ L'Esprit de l*E^!^lise, ou Considerations Philoso- phiqucs et Politiques, siir Thistoire des Conciles et des Papes, depnis les Apotres, jusqu'a nos jours. Paris, 1821, 8 vols. 8vo. '■' The author, M. Potter, has favoured us with the most inte-r resting and curious portions of Ecclesiastical History. He is not a controversialist or an ultramo)itane casuist : but an historian, seeking truth amidst a chaos of contradictions; a philosophcc who contemplates phenomena, with judicious regard to their ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 45 |)rinciples and effects. The first and second volumes of this work contain the History of the Councils, which in the first age of Christianity formed the principal o«"cupation of the Church. The six succeeding volumes contain a general Ecclesiastical History, which is divided into two sections. The first, which the author terms Political, comprehends the commencement, the progress, and the overthrow of the sacerdotal powers ; the second, which may be called Religious, embraces all which is not not found in the former, viz : the dogmas, whether orthodox or heterodox, of the various sects; the history of schism, the most remarkable doctrinal points, and accounts of the manners of the popes and fTitsihoodi."— Revue Encij. vol. 21, pp. 521-526. PouLLE (L*Abbe)/ Sermons. Paris, 1768, 2 vols. 12mo. "The two best discourses of the Abbe Poulle are L'Exhortd- Uon stir I' Aiimone, and F Exhortation faite a V occasion d'une assemhl'ee de charite en faveur des enfans trouves. These two Sermons created a powerful sensation. Kis sermons pronounced about the year 1738, were not then 'pi'Inted, but 40 years after, tlie Abbe dictated them andw, and they were published by his liephew in 1778> a prodigious effort of memory ! The Abbe !Poulle may be placed foremost in the secoud rank of Christian orators. — Peignofs 3Ianuel, S^c. vol, 2, p. 91-2, Pradt (M. de.) Dn Jesuitisme Ancien et Moderile. Paris, 182.5, 8vo. " Jesuitism is understood here uot only as an elucidation of the doctrine of the Jesuits, but also in explanation of their pre-- sent state, of their iustitutions, and of their civil, religious^ 46 THEOLOGY poVitioal and moral conduct, from the first ostaWishmont of the Society- The author is too well known to require any re- commendation from us." — Revue Enct/clopklique, vol. 29, r- 74. QuESNEL (Pasquier). Le Nouveau Testament, en Latin et en Fran- cois, avec des Reflexions morales. Amster- dam, 1736, 8 vols. l2mo. " Upon the decease of Arnaud, the general direction of Jan- senism descended to Father Quesnel. * * * Soon after he received the Order of Priesthood, he composed his Moral Reflections on the New Testament. In its original form, it contained the four Gospels, with short Reflections ; and was printed in a single duodecimo volume. It came into the world, with the approhation of M. de Vialart, then Bishop of Cludons. The encouragement which it received, induced the author to enlarge his plan. The third edition appeared in 1G93, in four 8vo. volumes, with the formal approhation of M. de Noailles, who had succeeded to M. de Vialart, in the see of Chalons. The annotations were considerable ; and when attentively ex- amined, were found to contain the essence of Jansenism, blended in an elegant and artful manner, and presented to the reader \inder the most pleasing aspect. * * * Qn the 8th Sept. 1713, the Pope published the celebrated Bull, called from the first word in it, Unigenitus. He condemned in it 101 pro- positions, extracted from the Moral Reflections of M. Quesnel." fForhs of C. Butler, vol. 5, p. 119-20. Saurin (Jacques). Discours Historiques, Critiques, Theologiques, et Moraux, sur les Evenemens les plus me- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 4 morables, du Vieux et du Nouveau Testa- ment. Amsterdam, 1728-39, 6 vols. fol. " This work, (says Brunct,) is illustrated with fine engravings, from designs by Hoet, Houbrakcn, and B. Picart. They are 212 in number. Saurin only wrote the Discourses, contained in the first two volumes ; the continuation of the Discourses on the Old Testament, is by Roques, pastor of Basle ; and C. S. de Beausobre, fils, is author of those on the New Testament." " M. Vandcr ]Marck formed a design of representing on cop- per plates, the most memorable events in sacred history, and he engaged M. Saurin to write an explanation of the Plates ; this gave rise to the Discourses here published. There is an edition of them in 11 vols. 8vo. They are deservedly held in the highest esteem." — Home's Ijitrodttch'on, Sec. vol. 2, (Ap^ pendix,) p. 115. — Sermons. Rotterdam, 1749, 12 vols. 8vo. " Saurin was a Protestant preacher, and is said to have been gifted with one of the finest voices and persons, that were evei^ heard and seen in the pulpit. His prayer before his sermon kept his congregation in breathless admiration : it could never be forgotten. Nor was it weakened by the discourse which fol- lowed ; for there was a solidity, justness, moderation, and ear^ nestness throughout the whole, that equally charmed and con- vinced the auditory. But it is his noble-mindedness — his chris^ tiaif>charity — his goodness of heart — his thoroughly social feel- ings — which form the magic of his life and of his compositions."-- Dibdin's Library Companion, p. 94. " The chefs d'mivre of Saurin are La Sagesse de Salomon) and the Discours de Saint Paul a Feli.v et a Brusille. Also should be noticed his Sermon on Lc Jeune, in which may be found the hardiest oratorical attempt ever conceived ; a dialogue held 48 THEOLOGY, between the Deity and the preacher's hearers. The Sermon on Lo Mi-prin de la fie also contains some suhlimc passages." — PcignoVs Mfinucl du Bibliophile, vol. 2, p. 101. Simon (Le Pere). Histoirc Critique du Vieux Testament. Paris 1678, 4to. Original edition, not finished, being suppressed by order of the Chancellor. — Idem. Rotterdam, 1GS5, 4to. This is considered to be the best edition. — Histoire Critique du Tcxte du Nouveaii Testament, Rotterdam, 1689, 4to. — Histoire Critique des Versions du Nouveau Testament, &c. Rotterdam, 1690. — Histoire Critique des Principaux Commen- tateurs du Nouveau Testament, depuis le commencement du Christianisme, jusqu'd notre temps. Rotterdam, 1093, 4ta. — Nouvelles Dissertations sur le Texte, et les- Versions du Nouveau Testament. Rotter- dam, 1695, 4to. *' All the works of Father Simon are characterised by great learning and research. * The criticism of the Bible being at that time less understood than at present, the researches which were instituted by Simon, soon involved him in controversy, as ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 49 well with Protestant as with Catholic WTiters, particularly with the latter ; to whom he gave great offence by the preference which he shewed to the Hebrew and Greek texts of the Bible, above that which is regarded as the oracle of the Church ©f Rome, the Latin vulgate. Though I would not be answerabie for every opinion (says Bishop Marsh) advanced by Simon, I may venture to assert that it contains very valuable information in regard to the criticism both of the Hebrew Bible, and of tlie Greek Testament." — (Lectures, part 1, p. 52) Home's Jnfro- duction, (Appendix) vol. 2, p. 28. « The author (Mr. C. Butler, — HorcB Biblicce, p. 183,) must also mention his obligations to the writings of Father Simon, whose Biblical erudition was far b eyond that of b.is age. In some respects he was the first adventurer in that ca- reer of learning ; his progress in it was surprising ; but in cer- tain instances, his bold opinions and want of exactness subjected him to reproach. There scarcely is a description of schoolmoB ftr sectaries, whom by attacking their favorite opinions, he did not make his enemy. The Jesuits, the Dominicans, theThomists, the Jansenists, the Calvinists, the Lutherans, the Oratorians, to whom he once belonged, and whom he quitted, saying — ' Alterius ne sit qui suus esse potest !' Even Bossuet and Le Clerc, who agreed in nothing else, united against Simon. " Arnauld had obtained a knowledge of the preface and table of contents of the Histoire critique dn vietix Testament, before publication, and denounced them to Bossuet. This pre- late, alarmed at the words given at the head of one of the chapters, viz. Moyse ne peut etre Vauteur de tout ce qui est dans les livres, qui lui sont attribues, advised the Chancellor Le Tellier io suppress the work, which was done accordingly ; and this so effectually that it is said only six copies escaped." Barbier's Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes, vol. 2, p. 65. £ 50 TQEOLOar, St. Croix (M. Ic Baron de). Recherches Historiques et Critiques sur les Mysteres dii pagaiiisme, 2de edition, revue et corrigee. Paris, 1817, 2 a^oIs. 8v o. The first edition of this learned work is extremely rare; it was published bj' M. de Villoison,\vitb tbe title of " Memoires pour servir d I'lnstoire de la religion secrete ties anciens peu- pies." Paris, 1784, 1 vol. 8vo. SupERViLLE (Daniel de). Sermons, sur divers Textes de I'Ecriture Sainte. Rotterdam, 1726, 4 vols. 8vo. " Of all tbe Sermons in Frcncli. he bad seen," says Kippis^ in speaking of Doddridge's early life, " be gave tbe preference to those of Superville. He especially excels in tbe beauty of his imagery, descriptions, and similies, and some of tbe most pa- tliotic expostulations I ever saw." Tabaraud (M. de). Histoire Critique de I'Assemblee generalc du Clerge de France en 1682, et de la declara- tion des quatre articles qui y furent adoptes ; suivie du discours de M. L'Abbe Fleury, sur les libertes de I'Eglise Gallicane ; avec des notes, &c. Paris, 1826, 8vo. " This new work, by M. Tabaraud, is eminently serviceable to tlie cause of religion and society. We bad no complete bis- tory of the Assembly of tbe Clergy, in 1682 ; a deficiency ably ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &c. 51 made up by this interesting work. This critical History is ren- dered doubly valuable by the manner in which it is executed." Rfvue Ency. vol. 32, p. 727- TiLLEMONT (L. S. le Nain de). Memoires pour servir a I'Histoire Ecclesiastiqiie des six premiers si<^c]es. Paris, 1693-1712, 16 vols. 4to. " Tillemont's two great labours are thus called : 3Iemoires pour servir a VHlstoire ecclesiastiqiie des six premiers sik- cles ; and Histoire des Empereurs et des autres Princes qui cnt rdgne durant les six premiers siecles de I'Eglise^ Paris, 1700-3S, G volumes, quarto ****** Both works, and more especially the former, are full of pro- digious learning ; but after the labour of forty years, Til- lemont has given us only the history of the first six centuries ©f the Church. Gibbon's obligations to him are constantly and gratefully expressed, and Jortin seems to have consulted him yet inore than Fleury." — Dibdin's Library Companion^ p. 101. — See Pi COT. Tricalet (L'Abbe). Bibliotheque Portative des Peres de I'Eglise, qui renferme Thistoire abregee de leurs vies, I'analyse de leurs principaux ecrits, &c. Nouvelle edition, revue par Rondet. Paris, 1787, 8 vols. 8vo. The first edition of this excellent book appeared in 1758- 1762. in nine volumes, 8vo. There is a much more extensive 5-2 TIIEOLOGV. work on the same subject, now in the course of publication, under the title of — Bibliotheque Choisie des Peres de I'Eglise, par Guillon. Paris, 1821, and follomng years, to consist of about 25 vols. 8vo. ViLLERS (Charles). Essai sur I'Esprit et I'Influeiice de la Reforma- tion de Luther. Paris, 1804, 8vo. " M. tic Villers, in his Essai, &c. (a work crowned by the 3d class of the Institute,) throws some new light on one of the most memorable revolutions of modern times, the consequences of which he analyses with groat skill and judgment. Whether politically or philosophically considered, this Memoir will h& found to contain much that is new and useful." — Rapports de rinstitid, p. 33 (Ckisse tie la Langue et de la Litterature Frangaiscs.J ViRET (Pierre), Des Clefs de I'Eglise, et de I'administration de la parole de Dieu, et des Sacremens, selon I'usage de I'Eglise Romaiiie, &c. Genere, 1564, 12mo. " Viret, who was the colleague of Calvin, had the happy talent of turning the superstitions he opposed into ridicule, and this he did with such effect, that Dupiu and other Catholic biographers of later date cannot forgive him." — Chalmersr JURISPRUDENCE AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. INTRODUCTION. DoMAT is one of the most celebrated writers of France on the subject of Jurisprudence. Ho may be practically consulted, while he affords ample food for the philosophic mind. The works of the Chancellors L'Hopital and D'Aguesseau hold a high and deserved rank among the first productions of this class. To these works should be added, those of Pothier, which, in conjunc- tion with the foregoing, will convey a general idea of French Legislature, as practised under the old dynasties. Among the modern writers of France who have distinguished themselves in this branch, may be named the well-known DupiN (Avocat,) Pastoret, and Henrion de Pansey. No work of the kind is better known, more highly appreciated, or has been more the sub- ject of criticism, and upon the whole more eulo- gised than the Esprit des Lois of Montesquieu. It is only necessary to indicate the Five Codes, 5G INTRODUCTION. to which should be added the excellent Commen- tary of the Baron Locre. Political Economy is among the sciences now most in vogue with the French. The works of Ganilh, Say, Benjamin Constant, Lanjui- NAis, Pfadt, and Sismondi form, we will ven- ture to say, as complete, as valuable, and as learned a collection as any which can be pro- duced among the modern political writers of any nation. JURISPRUDENCE, &c. Aguesseau (Chancelier d'). CEuvres. Paris, 1759 and 1790, 13 vols. 4to. " The works of the Chancellor d' Aguesseau are of the most useful class. All subjects connected with Jurisprudence are treated by him with that superiority of genius, which ever dis- tinguishes the works of that celebrated Magistrate. He is at the same time a deep thinker, and a most eloquent ^iTiter." — Bar- bier's Bill. vol. 2, p. 491. Bentham (Jeremie). Traite de Legislation Civile et Penale, public par E. Dumont. Paris, 1801, 3 vols. 8vo. Theoire des Peines et des Recompenses, re- digee par E. Dumont. Paris, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. Tactique des Assemblees Legislatives, suivi d'un Traite des Sophismes politiques, ouvrage extrait des manuscrits de J. Bentham, par E. Dumont. Geneve, 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. 58 JURISPRUDENCE, Traite des Preuves judiciaircs, ouvrage extrait des manuscrits de J. Bentliam, par E. Dnmont. Paris, 1823. 2 vols. 8vo. Speaking of tlic last work, the Revue Enry. (vol 19, p. 170,) designates it as another production, arising out of the joint labours of an English and Genevcse philosopher ; the for- mer supplying the ground-work, and the latter amplifying and putting a finishing hand to the performance. The style, with its clear, energetic and brilliant attributes, belongs to M. Dn- mont, as well as the notes, which are barely outlined by Mr. JBcntham. It will be seen, from this Notice of the Revue, that the works of Jeremy Bontham arc considered as strictly apper- taining to French Literature. We have therefore given them a place in the French Librarian. The whole of the works en- joy a high reputation on the Continent. Berriat-Saint-Prix (Jacques). Histoire du Droit Romain, suivie de I'Histoire de Cujas. Paris, 1821, 1 vol. 8vo. " This History fills up a chasm in our Literature ; for the learned alone make use of the thick folio volume of Terasson, and the Precis Historique du Droit Romain, by M. Dupin, 's intended only for law students. We have, therefore, been a)ixious that some one should favour us with a popular history of so celebrated a theory ; and none were better calculated for the theme, than M. Bcrriat-Saint-Prix." — Revue Ency. xoW^y p. 588. — Cours de Procedure Civile et de Droit Cri- minel, fait at la Faculte de Droit de Paris. Cinquiemc edition. Paris, 1825, 3 vols. 8vo. AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 59 " The numerous editions this work has run through sufficiently attest its merit. It is not only consulted by law students, but also by men well versed in jurisprudence." — Revue Ency. vol. 29, p. 222. M. Berriat Saint-Prix is now employed on a Avork, (L'Hia- toire du Droit Francais,) which will prove highly interesting. Blanqui (Adolphe). Precis Elementaire d'Economie politique, pre- cede d'une Introduction historique, et suivi d'une Biographie des Economistes, d'un cata- logue, et d'un vocabulaire analytique. Paris, 1826, 1 vol. 18mo. " At a time when political economy excites the attention of all parties, and when every one may not be able to procure the works of Adam Smith, and of M. J. B. Say, which contain the fundamental truths of this science, the public will see with pleasure, a brief analysis of the doctrines of these great masters, written in a pleasant and familiar style." — Revue Ency. vol. 32, p. 74L Camus (Armand Gaston). Lettres sur la Profession d'Avocat, et Biblio- th^que clioisie des livres de droit, par feu M. Camus. Quatrieme edition, revue, corrigee et considerablement augmentee, par M. I)u- pin, Docteur en Droit, &c. Paris, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. " When we consider the difficulty which must hare attended 60 JURISPRUDENCE, the correction of this v.-ork ; the minute attention required in fixing so many various authorities, we cannot withhold our ad- miration of the exertions of M. Dnpin, evinced in this new edition of a very valriabl;^ work." — Revue Ency. vol. 2, p. 265. Clair & Clapier. Barreaii Francais. Collection des Chefs d'CEii- vre de I'Eloqitence judiciaire en France, re- cueillis par MM. Clair et Clapier, Avocats. Paris, 1822 et 1823, 16 vols. 8vo. " This is a noble monument raised to the glory of the French bar. Still we are of opinion that the chofs d'ceuvre herein in- serted, are much too numerous." — Revue Encij. vol. 20, p 551. Code Napoleon, &c. See — Corps Complet, &c. and Ordonnances des Rois de France. CoMTE (Charles). Traite de Legislation, ou Exposition des Lois generales, suivant lesquelles les peuples prosperent, deperissent, ou restent station- naires. Paris, 1827, 4 vols. 8vo. " Our space is necessarily too limited to enable us to give a complete analysis of this admirable work. The number of facts which it contains, and the variety of informalion which it displays would require too lengthy an examination. One of its chapters, on the slave question, ought to be read by every christian ; it is one of the best Essays on this interesting subject we have ever met with." — Revue Ency. vol. 35, p. 65. AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 61 Constant (Benjamin). Cours de Politique Constitutionnelle. Paris, 1818-19, 8 vols. 8vo. " This work, in which the author has collected all that h6 had published on the present government, and constitution of France, should have a place in the library of all who feel any interest in the study of French legislation." — Revue Ency. vol. 1, p. 320. — De la Responsabilite des Ministres. Paris, 1815, 1 vol. 8vo. " With the comprehensive views, and the brilliant poignancy of Montesquieu, he (M. Constant) unites some of the defects of that great writer. Like him his mind is too systematical foi the irregular variety of human affairs ; and he sacrifices too many of those exceptions and limitations, which political rea- sonings require, to the pointed sentences which compose his nervous and brilliant style. His answer to the Abb6 iMoutes- quieu's foolish plan of restricting the press, is a model of pole- mical politics, uniting English solidity and strength with French urbanity. His tract on Ministerial responsibility, with some errors (though surprisingly few,) on English details, is an ad- mirable discussion of one of the most important institutions of a free Government ; and though founded on English practice, would convey instruction to most of those, who have best studied the English constitution." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 24, p. 530. Corps complet des Codes Franrais, par un Ma- gistral, qui a concouru a la confection des Codes. II se compose ; Des cinq codes, 02 JURISPRUDENCE, texte, motifs et discours, conferences dii code cIyU, avec la discussion particuliere du Con- seil d'Etat et du Tribunal, du supplement au Code civil, et du supplement aux cinq codes. Paris, 34 vols. 12mo. This interesting collection, the only one of the kind in existence offers the most perfect ensemhle of French legislation. The 3Iotifs and the Discours, which accompany each Code, may be considered as its best commentary, for what can be so well calculated to shew the purpose of a law, as supplying the motives for its adoption ? The subdivisions of this great work are sold separately, under the following titles : — Code Civil, 12 vols, 12mo. Conferences du Code Civil, 8 vols. 12mo. 8 vols. 8vo. Code de Procedure Civile, 1 vols. 12mo. dc Commerce, 12mo. d' Instruction Criminelle, r2mo. ■ Penal, 2 vols. ]2mo. Supplement aux Cinq Codes, 5 vols. 12mo. COTTU (M.) De TAdministration de la Justice Criminelle. en Angleterre, et de I'esprit du Gouverne- ment anglais. Seconde edition. Paris, 1822, 8vo. '•' We do not intend to follow him through his circuit ; all that he sees with wonder is familiar to us, and from what he found it most important to his purpose to record, our readers would derive no new information. Still less arc wc incluicd to pick AND POLITICAL ECONOIMY. C3 out, as topics of reproach or ridicule, the errors, wlsclhcr in fact or in taste, (and there are some of hoth) into which he ha!» fallen. His intentions are honest ; liis principles arc good : many of his general observations will he found original and in- teresting; and some comparative views which he takes of the administration of the law in England and France, are worth the attention of both nations." — Quarterly Review, vol. 22j p. 250. Destutt de Tracy. See Montesquieu, (Eumes Completes. DoMAT (Jean). Les Lois Civiles, dans leur ordre naturel, 1^ Droit Public, et le Legiim Delectus. Paris, 1777, fol. " Domat's work on Jurisprudence is so generally useful, and so intrinsically valuable, as from its first edition, downwards, to have been the subject of repeated culogium, and the admi- ration of the most celebrated jurisconsults. The motto of Crescit einido might consistently be applied to it. — Peignot's Manuel da Bibliophile, vol. 2, p. 1G4. The illustrious Chancellor d'Aguesseau wrote to his son a? follows : " A modern work, which will of itself be almost suffi- cient for you, and which you cannot be too well acquainted with, is the Traite des Lois of M. Domat, which precedes his great work on Civil Law. No one understood better than this author the fundamental principles of Legislation ; or has ex- plained these principles, in a manner more worthy of a philo- sopher, a legislator, or a christian." La Harpe, in his PhilosopJiie du xvinime Siicle, say?, " as for matters of Legislation, I have seen the wisest bow down C4 JURISPRUDENCE. tlieir heads at the very name of Domat ; that Domat, whose •Rorks reconciled the good sense of Boileau to the science of legislation, and which are looked upon as the most perfect pro- duction of a purely pliilosophical mind, of a spirit of harmony and good order, applied to that species of knowledge, half spe- culative, half political, and where practice so often confounds theory." — See CEuvres Completes. Droz (Joseph). Applications de la Morale a la Politique. Paris, 1825, 1 vol. Svo. " M. Droz occupies a distinguished rank among our moral writers. The nature of his productions, and his peculiar talents are not, perhaps, productive of popular reputation ; but they who constitute his readers fondly return to his works, as unto the conversation of a friend, from w^hom they are sure to derive much information." — Revue Ency. vol. 30, p. 655. DUFAUD, DUVERGIER, & J. GaUPET. Collection des Constitutions, Chartes, et Lois fondamentales des peuples de I'Europe, et des deux Ameriques. Paris 1821-24, 6 vols. 8vo. . " It was a happy idea thus to present at one view, the various constitutions of the kingdoms of both hemispheres. The edi- tors of the present important collection have not only done this, they have also traced the sources, whence these institutions have been derived, and have examined all their developements, down to their present state." — Revue Ency. vol 35, p. 55. AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 65 DupiN (M. le Baron Charles). Le Petit Producteur Franyai;^. Tome 1 ; Petit Tableau des forces productives de la France. Tome 2; Le petit proprietaire francais. Paris, 1827, 2 vols. 12mo. " The author writes strictly for his compatriots, but the truths which he tells are not confined within the frontiers of France. With some slight modifications, a great part of these small volumes is applicable to the wants of all European Na- tions." — Revue Eyicy. vol. 35, p. 713. This valuable little work is still in the course of publication. DupiN (Andre — Avocat). Lois sur la competence des Fonctionnaires pu- blics de toutes les Hierarchies. Paris, 1824, 4 vols. 8vo. " These four volumes complete the Collection des lots par ordre de matieres, which M. Dupin has compiled, by the order of government. The want of such a work has been sen- sibly felt by magistrates and other functionaries. M. Dupin, therefore, in forming this collection, has performed an eminent public service. He has been employed for the last eleven years in accomplishing this laborious task." — Revue Ency. vol. 25, p. 372. — Observations sur plusieurs points importans de notre Legislation criminelle. Paris, 1821, 1 vol. 8vo. " This work is deserving of a place in every Library. It is as interesting as instructive ; written with great judgment, and in a tone of severe candour. To this work should also be added : F 66 JURISPRUDENCE, Lois Crimiiielles extraites de la Collection in- 4to. dite dii Louvre, et du Bulletin des Lois ; Recueil compose en execution de I'avis du Couseil d'Etat du II Janvier, 1813, sur la Commission speciale deMonseigneurle Garde des Sceaux, par M. Dupin. Paris, 1821, 2 vols. 8vo. — ^Precis historique du Droit Romain, depuis Romulus jusqu'a nos jours. Paris, 1824. Huitieme edition, 18mo. " It would be difficult to find a more concise book tlian this. No doubt the author wrote it for the use of students at law, to whom it will give some idea of the fate of Roman Legis- lation." — Revue Ency. vol. 15, p. 363. — Manuel des Etudians en Droit et des jeunes Avocats. Paris, 1824, ISmo. This Manuel contains, 1 — De la libre defense des accuses, 2 — Bibliothhque cUoisie a I'usage des Etudians en Droit, ou Notices des livres qui Icur sout Ic plus necessaires. 3 — Leguvi Legis, S^^c. 4 — De la Jurisprudence des arrets, the Avhole of which had previously appeared in a separate form. Notices historiques, critiques, et bibliogra- pliiques, sur plusienrs livres de Jurispru- dence francaise, remarquables par leur anti- quite ou leur originalite, pour faire suite A la Bibliotheque choisie des livres de droit. Paris, 1820, 1 vol. Svo. AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 67 " This indefatigable author, who dives into the secret depths of history, while at the same time he obtains the highest ho- nors of his profession, arranges the works of which he here gives a most useful summary, into three classes ; the first con- sists of official documents, or what arc esteemed as such ; the second comprehends old law books; and the third is composed of productions, which are only remarkable for their originality, their bad taste, or their barbarism." — Revue Ency. vol. 5, p. 169. — Precis historique du Droit Franrais. Paris, 1826, ISmo. This work holds a distinguished place among the many use- ful publications of IM. Dupin. Eyraud (M. d'). De I'Administration de la Justice et de I'Ordre Legal, en France. Paris, 1825, 3 vols. 8vo. " This is a judicious and exact, though somewhat timid work, which deserves to be consulted by those foreigners, who are desirous of knowing the real nature of the judicial and legal institutions of France." — ^ew Monthly 3Iag. vol. 18, p. 276. " M. d'Eyraud is evidently well read. He cites generally from very respectable authorities, as Machiaval, Graviia, IMon- tesquieu, Junius, and Bentham. If nothing very novel is to be found in the principles of this author, there are some original deductions from those principles, which have their merit."-— Revue Ency. vol. 30, p. 61. Ganilh (Charles). Essai politique, sur le Revenu public des peu- 68 JURFSPUUDENCR, pies de rantiquite, du moyeii age, des siecles modernes, et specialeinent de la France et de l'Anii;^leterre, depuis le milieu du xveme siecle, jusqu'eu 1823. Seconde edition. Paris, 1823, 2 vols. 8vo. " This treatise, with the Sy.s-temefi, SfC. and the Theorie, ^•c. by the same author, may be said to form an elucidation of the whole science of political economy, theoretical and practical. It is only justice to the author to add, that this popular science is rendered by him no longer occult." — Revue Ency. vol 20, p. 180. The following are the titles of the two works mentioned above : — DesSystemes d'Economie politique, de la valeur comparative de leurs doctrines, et de celle qui parait la plus favorable aux progres de la richesse. Seconde edition, avec de nom-. breuscs additions, relatives aux controverses recentes de Malthus, Buchanan et Ricardo. Paris, 1821, 2 vols. 8vo. — La Tht'orie de TEconomic })oli(ique, fondee sur les faits, recueillis en France, et en An- gleterre, sur I'experience de tons les peuples celebres par leurs richesses, et sur la lumiere dc la raison. Seconde edition. Paris, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. Gor4rET (Antoine). De rOrigine des Lois, des Arts et des Sciences, AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. G9 et de leiirs progres, chez les anciens peuples, depuis le Deluge jusqu'd Cyrus. Sixieme edition. Paris, 1820, 3 vols. 8vo. Of all the preceding editions which have hecn given of this esteemed production, the first and the third, (Paris, 1758, 4to. and 1759, r2mo), are the hest. It is greatly to he re- gretted that the premature death of the author put a stop to his important works. He died in 1758, at the age of 42, and left his manuscripts and lihrary to his friend, A. C. de Fugere, who had afforded him considerahle assistance in his lahours. The latter, however, was so affected by the loss of his friend, that he only survived him three days, dying at the age of 37. Gregoire (L'Abbe). De la Constitution fran^aise de Tan 1814. f ^ pamphlet.) " There is scarcely an era in the political transactions of France, for the last eight and twenty years, in which the name of Gr6goire, Bishop of Blois, has not had a place ; while his nu- merous works have made him known to Europe, by sentiments the most philanthropic, and by views the most philosophical. Of the many political tracts of the ex-Bishop of Blois, his De la Constitiftion franvaise, [^given above] is, perhaps, the most celebrated, and it is esteemed in France, by the unprejudiced and unbiassed, as one of the best pamphlets that appeared among the multitude of brochures which issued from the French press, at that momentous period." — France, by Lady Morgan^ vol, 2, p. 326. 70 JUlUsPliUDLNCK, GuizOT (Franrois). De la Peine de Moit, en matiere politique. Paris, 1822, 1 vol. 8vo. " This work is deserving tho most serious attention of the le- gislator and the philosopher." — Rrvue Ency. vol. 15, p. 363. Hauterive (A. M. B. Comte de). Elemens d'Economie politique, suivis de quel- ques vues, sur I'application des principes de cette science aux regies administratives. Paris, 1817, 1 vol. 8vo. " The author of this work, ]M. d'Hautorive, whose modesty is equal to his talent, thought of remaining unknown as a writer ; but the success of his work has betrayed his secret. It con- sists of an elementary course of political economy, principally applicable to the direction of public aft'airs ; and in which he distinguishes the relations that exist between the different parts of administration, and the correspondent divisions of his theory." — Revue Ency. vol. 5, p. 98. HuxMBOLDT (Alexandre de). Essai politique sur le Royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne. Beuxieme edition. Paris, 1825, 4 vols. Svo. " This is a new edition of one of the most important works of IVI. de Humboldt. Twenty-five years have elapsed since this celebrated traveller first visited South America ; eighteen or twenty, since he commenced the simultaneous publicatioa of his numerous works, which form a sort of American Ency- AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 71 clopaedia. On the subject of travels and researches, he stands unrivalled." — Revue Ency. vol, 35, p. G04. ISAMBERT, JOURDANT & DE CrUZY. !Reciieil general des anciennes Lois franoaises, depmsPaii420,jusqu'a 1789, avec des notes. Paris, (in the course of publication.) This important collection is continued with great success. The tables are exceedingly useful and comprehensive, and the notes are very instructive. IsAMBERT. Recueil complet des Lois et Ordonnances du Royanme, avec des notes et dissertations. Paris, 1825, 2 vols. 8vo. ' " The notes of the author are in extreme abundance ; and will be found very useful to Magistrates, and all persons connected with the law."— iJeiv^e Ency. vol. 29, p. 220. JoNNES (Alex. Moreau de). Le Commerce au xixeme Siecle ; Etat actuel de ses transactions, dans les principales con- trees du globe ; causes et effets de son agran- disseraent et de sa decadence, et moyens d'ac- croHre et de consolider la prosperite agricole, industrielle, coloniale et commerciale de la France ; ouvrage couronne par I'Academie de Marseille. Paris, 1825, 2 vols. 8vo. " The purpose of this work is to examine into the causes and Ti JURISPRUDENCE, effects of the increase and decrease of trade, and to point out the means of augmenting that of France. Such a work, dictated by patriotism, required great research, and lahorious investi- gation ; it presented difficulties, which have been ably sur- mounted by the zeal and talent of the author. It should be read, not only by the statesman, and by those who study poli- tical economy, but also by all engaged in trade, who will find it abounding in useful information." — Ilcvue Ency. vol. 32, p. 51. JouANNEAu & Solon. Discussion du Code Civil dans le Conseil d'Etat. Edition auo;inentee d'un troisieme volume, par M. Delaporte. Par s, 1809, 3 vols. 4to. " This pul)Hcatiou certainly abounds with curious matter, and must interest, in a high degree, all persons who are engaged in any speculation for the amelioration of national jurisprudence." — Monthly Review, vol. 55, p. 458. JouY (Etienne). La Morale appliquee a la politique, pour servir d'introduction aux observations sur les moeurs franraises, du dix-neuvieme siecle. Paris, 1822, 2 vol. 12mo. " M. Jouy embraces in his treatise the interests of all classes of society. His talent, as a writer, is well known. In this new ])roduction, bis style is on a level with the importance of the .subject. Some interesting and curious notes are given with the work." — liniuf Ency. vol. 10, p. 58. AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 73 La Croix (M. de.) Constitutions des principaux Etats de I'Europe, &c. Paris, 1793, 6 vols. 8\ o. " In a series of discourses (28 in number,) which from their construction, we suppose to have been addressed, at different pe- riods, to the Society at the Lyceum, M. de Lacroix analyses most of the political constitutions of note, in order to apply the various observations that may present themselves on such a re- view, to the present situation of France. These discourses were composed while the National Assembly was occupied in forming its new code of laws ; and the author was manifestly animated to the undertaking, by the desire of presenting to his legislative brethren, those lights which history and experience might furnish, in order t.o enable them to organize their new Constitution, in the most perfect manner possible." — JMonthly Review, vol. 6, p. 481. Lanjuinais (Le Comte). Constitutions de la nation franraise avec un Essai de traite historique et politique sur la Charte, et un recueil de pieces correlatives. Paris, 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. " This is a rapid but highly charged picture. The author first speaks of Governments and Constitutions in general. He then describes various forms of Government, and does not he- sitate in pronouncing his decision in favor of the Represen- tative system. * * Throughout the work may be traced the tolerant christian, the experienced statesman, and the profound publicist." — Revue Ency. vol. 2, p. 458-66. 74 JURISPRUDKXCE, Lemontey (P. Ed.) Essai sur Tetablissement monarchirjiie de Louis XIV, precede d'uii nouveau Memoire de Daugcau. Paris, 1818, 8vo. " This work is remarkable, both on account of tiic extremely just observations of tlic autbor, and of the new manner in which he views the grand rot and the grand sihcle.^ — Revue Ency. vol. 1, p. 375. LEZARDiiiRE (Mile. de). Theorie des lois politiques do la France, depuis Torigine de la monarchie, jusqu'a nos jours. Paris, 1792, 8 vols. 8vo. " Steering clear of the passions and the systems which have arisen from the French Revolution, the author traces our mo- narchy back to its earliest periods. The most eminent public men and literati^ such as IMulesherbcs, Nivernois, Gamier, &c. have passed the highest encomiums on this work, which ap- pears to be written on an entirely new plan." — Pougens' Bi- blioth^que Francaise, No. ix, p. 51. " These eight volumes, published anonymously, did not ap- pear till some time after the date they bear. Only two appeared in 1791, under the title of Esprit des lots canomques et po- litiques qui ont regi VEgliso gallicane dans Ics premiers Slides de la monarchie," — Barbier's Dictionnaire des Ano- nymes, vol. 3, p. 320. L'TIOPITAL. Sc'o (Euvres Coniplcta. AND POLITICAL ECOXOIMY. 75 LocRE (M. le Baron). La Legislation civile, commerciale et criminelle de la France, ou commentaire et complement des Codes Francais, &c. Paris, 1826, 1 vol. 8vo. to he continued. The author gives, in the first part of his hook, an account of the state of the law at the time the Codes were framed and established, as well as of the means necessary to produce them; and in the second part he gives a general history of each code; The Revue Encijclopedique speaks of this work as likely to be the most complete and instructive history of the celebrated French Codes. " The utility of this work of M. Locre is incontestible ; it must also be allowed that the author has drawn from none but the most authentic sources." — Revue Ency. vol. 35, p. 718- Llorente (D. J. A.) Projet d'une Constitution Religieuse, consideree comme faisant partie de la constitution civile d'une nation libre et independante : ecrit par un Americain, public avec une preface par D. J. A. Llorente. Paris, 1820, 1 vol. 8vo. *' We cannot but recommend this work to the attention of persons who make the christian religion their peculiar study.- Its subject is the great problem, whether political liberty can be co-existent with orthodox Catholicism." — Revue Ency. vol. 5, p. 346. — See Llorexte, Theology, ^^c. Louis XIV. Pensees de Louis XIV. on maximes de gou- 76 JURISPRUDENCE, vernement et reflexions sur le nu'tier de roi ; extraites des Me^moires ecrits par le prince, pour sou fils le grand dauphin. Paris, 1 vol, 8vo. Louis XIV. cinployecl some of his leisure moments in writing a long work, which was destined for the instruction of his son. From this manuscript, deposited by Marshal Noailles in the Royal Library, the Pensees have been selected. They are of undoubted interest. Marcel (L.) Elemens de Jurisprudence administrative. — 2 vols. 8vo. " This book, written with great care, and the materials of which are drawn from the most authentic sources, should find a place in the library of every lawyer." — Revue Encij. vol. 1, p. 57'2. Merlin. (M.) Repertoire universel et raisonne de Jurispru- dence. 4eme edition. Paris, 1812-15, 15 vols. 4to. " The repertory of Jurisprudence, compiled in great part by M. Merlin, and published by Guyot, is indispensable to those who are engaged in law studies, and in the exercise of the pro- fession." — Darbier's Bibl. vol. 5, p. 342. MoNTLOSiER (M. le Comte de). De la Monarchic Fran*;aise, depuis son eta- AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 77 blissement jusqu'd nos jours; ou recherches sur les anciennes institutions francaises, leurs progres, leur decadence; et sur les causes qui ont amen- le Revolution et ses diverses phases, jusqu'a la declaration de I'Empire. — Paris, 1814, 3 vols. 8vo. *' This work, we are told by the author, was undertaken by the order of Bonaparte, then first consul. The topics proposed by him were : 1 — The ancient state and institutions of France ; 2 — The manner in which the revolution emanated from that state of things ; 3 — The attempts made to overturn the revo- lution ; 4 — ^The success obtained by the first consul toward that end, and the divers improvements which he effected in the so- cial system of France- M. de Montlosier is what would in France be termed ' un homme d'esprit,' but he is deficient in judgment and sound sense : though he may now and then strike out a luminous idea, and express it with energy, yet a strange jumble of notions for the most part erroneous, nay often at variance with each other, renders his best reasonings ineffi- cient. Such is the character of the volumes before us." — Quarterly Revfew, vol. 27, pp. 146-147, Montesquieu. See (Euvres Completes. Necker. Dernieres Vues de Politiques et de finance. Paris, 1802, 8vo. ** Whether in the course of this work, his (M. Necker) po- litical notions appear to be derived from a successful study of 7S JURISPRUDENCE, the passions of mankind, and whcthor his plan for the establish- ment of a republican government in France, for the ninth or tenth time, evinces a more sanguine, or a more sagacious mind, than the rest of the world, avc would rather our readers should decide for themselves, than expose ourselves to any imputation of arrogance hy deciding for them. But when we consider the pacific and impartial disposition which charac- terises the last Views on Politics and Finance, the serene benevolence which it always displays, and the pure morals it always inculcates, we cannot help entertaining a high re- spect for its venerable author, and fervent wish, that the last views of every public man, may proceed from a heart as up- right, and be directed to objects as good." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 1. p. 395. Pailliet (J. B. J.) Manuel de Droit Franrais, contenant la charte, les cinq Codes, &c. Paris, 1826, 7eme edition, entierement refondue et tres augmeutee. Paris, (a thick vol, 8co. of 1700 pages.) *' This work will be found eminently useful to those who occupy themselves with such grave studies, as it offers in one volume a very complete idea of the political and civil rights of the French people ; to acquire a sufficient knowledge of which before this publication, it was necessary to have re- course to twenty or thirty different works on the subject. Next to this ' Ufanuel' of M. Pailliet, may be cited, for succinct and satisfactory information upon French Jurisprudence, the pub- lications of M. Dupin, the advocate." — Neiv Monthly Ma- gazine, vol. 12, p. G43. Since the publication of this edition, a sixth Code (Lc Code forcsticr) has been added to the laws of France, AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 79 Pansey (M. Heurion de). De la Competence des juges de Paix. Paris, 1805, 12mo. " The study of this work cannot be too much recommended to those who are anxious to be well informed on the subject. Men well acquainted with law, will fiud therein many new and just observations, written in a style at once pure and elegant." Barbier's BihL vol. 5, p. 360. ■ — De rAutorite judiciaire dans les gouverne- mens monarchiques. Paris, 1810, 8vo. This work contains some excellent principles, supported by the most interesting facts. — De rAutorite judiciaire en France ; troisi- eme edition. Paris, 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. *' With the modest title of Autorite judiciaire en France, M. Henrion de Pansey has given us an excellent history of an- cient and modern judicial institutions." — Revue Ency. vol. 35, p. 443. Pastoret (M. le Marc^uis de). Ordonnances des Rois de France de la troisieme race, recuellies par ordre chronologique, avec des renvois des unes aux autres, dessommaires des observations sur le texte, et cinq tables. Paris, 1723, et suivantes, 16 vols, folio. The learned Jurisconsults who have successively lent their ^idto this great work; are : MM.deLauriere;Secousse;de Ville- 80 JURISPRUDENCE, vault, de Brequigny, Camus, and M. Pastorot, by whom the pre- sent work is continued. The enactments of Louis XIV. are considered by law writers as anionjf the best specimens of French Jurisprudence. The titles of the principal of these acts are as follows ; 1 — That of 1667, called the Code Civil, contiiins regulations for civil process, and uniformity of practice in all courts. 2 — That of 1669, for judges' practice, removal of causes, &c. 3 — That of 1669, concerning woods, waters, &c. It is considered a chef d'osuvre. 4 — That of 1670, called the Criminal Code, which treats of criminal process. 5 — That of 1673, Code of Laws relative to commerce. 6 — That of 1680, relative to aides et gabelles. 7 — That of 1681, relative to the government of the marine. S — That of 1681, relative io/crmes. 9 — That of 1687, for process before the Conseil d'Etai. 10 — That of 1689, relative to naval armaments. The principal Acts of Louis XF'.are; 1 — That of 1731, relative to deeds of gift, 2— That of 1731, for wills. 3 — That of 1736, for registers of marriages, baptisms & deaths. 4 — That of 1737, "pon forgery. 5 — That of 1747, upon substitutions, fyc. The principal commentators on the ordonnances of Louis XIV. and XV. arc Philippe Bornier, Boutaric, Valin, Serpillon, Jonsse, Salle, Rodier, Furgole, Rousseau de Bazoches, Simond, St>guard, Pecquet, Damours, Guy du Rousseau de la Combe, Armar, Sorvez, &c. &c. During the period of the Revolution, the laws underwent the most rapid changes, or rather were in a state of chaos, until AND POLITICAL ECOXOMY. 81 the publication of the Civil Code, in 1804. Thousands of pub- lic acts were recorded from 1789? until the restoration ; and one constitution followed another, in rapid succession. He who wishes to dive into this accumulated detail, will find where- withal to satisfy him, in the Collection generale des lois pro- clamations, 8fc. publiees depuis la Convocation des Etats- Gen'eraux, jnsqu'au \8 prairlal an 11, (June, 179-1-) Paris, imprimerie du Louvre, 18 tomes en 2.3 vols. 4to. ; and in the collection of the Bulletin des Lois, which succeeded the fore- going collection, and which commenced on t\\&'2^f\. prairial, jln 11, (10th June, 1794). The first collection comprises 5973 public acts ; the Bulletin, 33,404, which together make 39,377 public acts, commencing with May, 1/89, to the end of Octo- ber, 1822. To those who may not be inclined to wade through this amazing collection, we can recommend the Repertoire de la Legislation Francaise depuis 1789, jusqu'en ISIo, par M. M. Beaulac et Rondonneau, 3 vols, 8vo. Paris, 1812-15: or on a larger scale, Le Code General franc fds, contenant les lois et actes du Gouvernement, publics depuis Vouvcrture des Etats-G cneraux an 5 3Iai, 17S9, jusqu'au 8 juillet ISio, classes par ordre de Mafllres, et annates des arrets et decisions de la Cour de Cassation sulvls d'ans table chronologlque et d'une table generale par ordre de matieres par J. Desennc, 20 vols, 8vo. Paris, 1818-22. After having described the Col- lection of Laws, we come, as a matter of course, to the Five Codes, (preceded by the charter) which now form the basis of French legislation and jurisprudence. These Five Codes are : 1 — the Civil Code (adopted, 5th Jan. 1804 ;) 2— the Code of Civil Process (issued from the 24th April, to the 9th of I\Iay, 1806 ;) 3 — the Code of Conmierce (of Sep. 1807;) 4 — the Code of Criminal Process (17th Nov. 1808;) and 5 — the Penal Code (Feb. 7, 1810). The only official edition is that of the Im- primerie Roijale, in Svo. 1816: printed by order of the King, G 82 JURISPRUDENCE, Tlic Constitutions succeeded each other as follows : Constitu- tion of 14th Sep. 1791 ; Jlcte Constitiitionnel oi i\\c 10th Aug. 1793 ; Decree of the Revolutionary Government, 10th October, 1703; Constitutionof the French Republic (Directory) of 22nd Aug. 1795; Constitutionof the French Republic (Consular) of I3tli Dec. 1/99; Organised Senatus Consult am of the Con- stitution (Consularship for life) of the 4th Aug. 1802; Organ- ised Senatiis Conmdtum of the Empire, of the 18th May, and loth Nov. 1804 ; Pro visionary Government, composed of five members, the 1st April, 1814; and Constitutional Charter of the 4th June, 1814. — Histoire de la Legislation. Paris, 1817-24, 4 vols. 8vo. " We owe (says Peignot) to the author of this esteemed work, Moyse, considere, cotnme lef!;islateur et comme ino- O'ttliste, Paris, 1788, in 8vo. ; Zoroa,sfrc, Confucius et Ma- homet compares comme sectaires, Paris, 1787, 8vo.; and a Traite des lot's Penales, Paris, 1790, 2 vols. 8vo. which, in the same year obtained the academical prize destined for works of utility. PiGEAU (M.) LaProcedure Civile des Tribunaux de France, demontree par principes, et mise en action par des formules. Qnatrieme edition, aug- mentee, par M. J. L. Crivelli. Paris, 1826, 2 vols. 4to. " This new edition of a very celebrated work is a great ser- vice rendered to Magistrates and Students at Law : it does lionour to the enlightened talent of 31. Crivelli, already known by several good works on jurisprudence." — Revue Ency. vol. 29, p. 527. AND POLITICAL ECONOIMY. 83 PoTHiER (Robert Joseph). (Euvresde. Paris, 1760-1777, 20 vols. 12mo. CEiivres Posthumes. Paris, 8 vols. 12mo. " Those 28 volumes (says Peigiiot) wliicli have often hccn ro-printcd, form the first edition of the works of this cele- Lrated jurisconsult." Pothier was regarded among his contemporaries, as the greatest law-writer which had appeared for some centuries. Posterity (says a modern writer) has confirmed this judg- ment. Pothier is still ranked among the highest of his class. The last edition printed of the works of this celebrated wri- ter, fl'as published at Paris, in 1823, 18 vols. 8vo. Pradt (M. de). Des Colonies et de TAmerique. Paris, 1816. 2 vols. 8vo. " The same vivacity of style, the same vein of acute observ- ation, and the same ambitious pursuit of effect, and of ' white bears' in writing, as they were termed by Lord Chatham, will be found in this, as in the Abbe's former works." — Quarterly Review, vol. 17, p- 544. — Parallele de la Puissance anglaise et russe, relativement a I'Europe. Paris, 1823, 8vo. The Revue Encyclopedique, vol. 20, p. Go, considers this a highly-interesting book ; but, however, opposes in some in- stances, the authority of M. de Pradt, who, it may we think be allowed, has more eloquence than sound judgment. " M. de Pradt is one of the most lively political writers of the present day ; and though some arc inclined to question 84 JURISPRUDENCE, the profundity or clearness of his views, and others arc irre- verent enough to term him a political harlequin, yet he has contrived to catch the public attention by the ear, for all his productions, be they Xh^ht B rochurefi or ponderous octavos, are eagerly bought up, read with avidity, and commented upon by critics Of all sides and colours." — Neio Monthhj Magazine, vol. 12, p. 127. L'Europe et I'Amerique, en 1821. Paris, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. " It would be in vain to endeavour to found on this work the reputation of M. de Pradt as a writer and a pvhUciste. Let it suffice to say, therefore, that the present work is equal to any which has issued from the same pen." — Revue Ency. vol. 15, p. 95. Besides the above works, M. de Pradt has published a great immhav oi Brochures, most of which are deserving of attentiou. Rapports, &c. Choix de Rapports, Opinions el Discours pro- nonces a la Tribune Nationale, depuis 1789, jusqn'ci ce jour, recueillis dans un ordre chro- nologique et historique. Paris, 1822, 20 vols. 8vo. " Among the collections published at the present time, Ave liave frequently placed in the first rank, that gi\-en under the title of Choi;r do!^ Rapports, S^-c. This hnmense work, in Avhich History will find the most valuable documents, and whose materials have been drawn from highly reputable sources, is now completed, and the highest praise we can bestow upon it is, that the last volumes are everyway wortliy of the first." — ■ Vonstitntionnel, 5 Janvier, iS'l'l. AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 85 Reynier. De I'Economie piibliqiie et niraledes Celtes, des Germains et des aiitres pciiples de I'Europe. Geneve, 1818, 8vo. " M. Reynier lias gathered the works of antiquity to present m with a picture of the state of agriculture among the most ancient rations of the North, and of the centre of Europe. His work leaves nothing to desire." — Revue Ency, vol. 3, p. 259. — De I'Economie rurale des Perses et des Plie- niciens. Lausanne, 1819, 1 vol. 8vo. M. Reynier had many more difficulties in this than in the pre- ceding work, but he has surmounted them all. He has, as a critic, struck a path in the darkness of past ages, and rendered the Avay so easy, that the reader follows him with pleasure and with increasing interest." — Revue Ency. vol, 8. p. 493, Say (J. B.) Cathechisme d'Economie politique, ou Instruc- tion famili^re, qui- montre de quelle facon les Richesses sont prodnites, distribuees et consommees dans la societe. Paris, 1826. 12mo. " M. Jean Baptiste Say, author of the best work we have on political economy, had endeavoured to render that science po- pular, by publishing, in 1815, a short Catecfiisme on the sub- ject. The first edition being sold, the booksellers wished to re-print the work, but M. Say opposed their doing so, until he had had sufficient time to re-compose it. He has now done 80 JURISPRUDENCE, so, and wc will tal\0 iipon ourselves to say, that no wlicic will a work be found which gives, in so small a compass, and at so cheap a latc, a complete knowledge of political economy." — Revue F. r?/. vol 13, p. 428. , — Traito d'Ecoiiomie politique, on simple ex- ])Osition de la maniere dont se forineiit, se dis- tribuent et se consomnient les ricliesses. Cin- quionie edition, augmenttee d'un volume, et auquel sc trouve joint un Epitome des prin- cipes fondamentaux de I'Economie politique, &c. Paris, 1820, 3 vols. 8vo. " Whilst Benjamin Constant affirms tliat labour is the unique support of modern nations, M. JNfontlosier takes a historic view of the subject, and shews that these nations have been also created by labour ; and M. Say, reproducing in a more luminous point of view, the ideas of Smith on the wealth of nations, shews, in a scientific manner, that all our physical wealth is the result of labour, and obliges us to consider labour on the most extensive scale, that is, the whole efforts of the human species, as the fundamental support of society." — Revue Ency. vol. 33, p. 373. SisMONDi (Simonde de). — Nouveaux Principes d'Economie politique, ou de la richesse dans ses rapports avec la population. Paris, 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. " The object of this work, (says the author) is to develope and establish the principles of Adam Smith. * * * Upon the whole, we do not think M. de Sismondi has succeeded in his AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 87 object. * * * It was impossiblo, however, for an author of such distinguished talents to fill two octavo volumes, with- out submitting, in his work, a number of important facts, ele- vated views, and scientific results." — Revue Ency. vol. 31, pp, 602-G-22. TURGOT. See — (Euvres Completes. Vatel (N.) Le Droit des Gens, edition augmentee. Am- sterdam, 1775, 2 vols. 4to. Brunet mentions this as the best edition of Vatel's well- known work. A later edition was published in Paris, in 1820, 2 vols. 8vo. HISTORY, HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. INTRODUCTION. Although, as it has been observed in the In- troductory Essay, it is only within a very short period that French Historians have fully deserved that name, there are many works of this class, which will be found deser- ving a particular attention. The old Chro- niclers of France are held in peculiar esti- mation, both on account of the information they contain, and the style in which that information J is conveyed. Among these, as well as the early compilers, both of Memoirs and of His- tories in the French Language, the names of Froissart,Brantome& Phillipe de Comines stand pre-eminent, while the historical composi- tions of De Thou, of Mezeray and of Vely, will repay the enquirer, if not by the charm of their style, at least by the facts they relate, and the full credit which may be given to their assertions. y> rXTRODUCTlON. Aiuonsr the more modern but not less famed writers of Memoirs, the names of Retz and of Sully will naturally present themselves to the mind of the reader, as those of two men who, in this particular branch of Literature, have be- come almost equally celebrated. Bossuet has, by means of his genius, gained so great a re- putation for his " Ilistoire Universelle" that it is by many considered as deserving praise rather as a literary composition than as a History, although an attentive })erusal of that admi- rable work will be sufficient to convince the judicious reader that on both accounts it is ecpially deserving of admiration. Rollin, though a voluminous writer, is much esteemed in his own and in other countries, alike for his purity as a writer and as a moralist The historical works of Voltaire, although little dependance is to be placed on him for the facts he mentions and the consequences he draws from them, partake, however, so largely of the charm at- tached to all his compositions, that as com- positions, they are deserving the perusal of every man w ho lays the least claims to be con- sidered as an accomplished French scholar. — Anquetil, an historian of a later date, may be consulted with advantage, as a correct, though frequently cold narrator, while the ele- INTRODUCTION. 93 gaut pag'es of Vertot, are allowed by ail critics, to afford models of the most })erfect style. It is, however, among the living" writers that France will have reason to acknowledge her best Historians, and the names of Barante, of GuizOT and of Simonde de Sismondi will probably be mentioned by posterity as those of the men who first taught the French to seek in History, not merely a barren narration of facts, but a chain of incidents, rendered dou- bly interesting by the clue they afford to a right apprehension of the human mind. In the following enumeration of historical works, an extensive list w ill be found of books relating to the French Revolution, and the reign which immediately followed it. These may be considered less as histories, than as furnishing materials for future historians, but the period to which they relate is one of such pe- culiar interest, and which will always occupy so distinguished a place in the annals of France, that it has been thought advisable to collect here as many of them as were deserving the attention of future writers of History. — Among this incongruous, though interesting mass, one work, Mignet's "Histoirede la Revo- lution francaise " is deserving of particular no- 94 INTRODUCTION. tice, not only as giving at once a brief and satisfactory account of that eventful period, but as being perhaps the best written History that has appeared in France, since the publi- cation of Bossuet*s celebrated work. To conclude this brief notice, it is only ne- cessary to mention, as indispensable helps to all who may engage in the composition of His- tory, the esteemed " Mi-thode pour etudier THistoirc" of Langlet «u Fresnoy, and the no less celebrated "Art de verifier les dates," by Clement and other writers. HISTORY, &c. Ancillon (M. F.) Tableau des Revolutions du Systeme politique de I'Europe, depuis la fin du quinzieme sie- cle. Nouvelle edition. Paris, 1823, 4 vols. 8vo. " On the first publication of this work at Lelpzic, in 1805, it excited the attention of all Europe ; the public were equally de- lighted at the display of academical talent, and the use made of that talent, to resist oppression. In 1793, the author wrote against Revolutionary Doctrines, and in 1805, he attacked Na- poleon, marching at the head of his armies, and aiming at uni- versal monarchy. M. Ancillon is a most brilliant writer, and the Tableau is a highly-finished production.^' — Revue Ency. vol. 18, p. 558. Anquetil (L. p.) Esprit de la Ligue, ou Histoire politique des troubles de la France, pendant les xvieme et xviieme siecles. Paris, 1823, 4 vols. ISmo. " This may be considered the History of Calvinism in France, from its origin to the present day. It is a very interesting pic- ture of the times. The subject which had been so ofi;en treated befoi'e, in his hands assumes all the air of novelty. It is very instructive, and may be read with very great satisfaction." — Barbier's Bibl vol. 3, p. 427. 96 HISTORY, The fust edition of this work was published anonymously, in 1767. The Abb6 St. L6ger supplied the author with a great part of the JVotice raisonnie of the works inserted nt the rommence- nient of the first volume. —Histoire de France, depiiis le^ Gaulois, jus- qu'a la mort de Louis XVI : contiuuee jus- qu*aii traite de paix, 20Novembre, 1815, par M. Gallais. Nouvelle edition, comprenant les tables synchroniques, de M. de V. TVau- blanc] et terminee par une table generale des matieres. Paris, 1826, 13 vols. 8vo. " Anquetil, at the command of Buonaparte, and at the age of 80, sat down to the composition of a History of France, which should treat more particularly of national events, with ai^ almost entire exclusion of such as were connected with other countries. The work appeared in 1805, in 15 duodecimo vols, and if the style of it be not the most elegant, it is th-j most complete in itself and the most commodious to consult." — Dibdin's Library Comjmnion, p. 295. To the above History of France, may be added, the following works by the same author : — Louis XIV, sa Cour et le Regent. Paris,1819, 2 vols. 8vo. — Motifs des guerres et des traites de paix de la France, pendant le regno de Louis XIV, Louis XV, et Louis XVI. Paris, 1/97, 8vo. — I^recis do riiistoirc univcrselle. Paris, 1818, 8 vols, 8vo. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 97 AUDIN (J. M.V.) Histoire de ]a Saint-Barthelem}', d'apres les Chroniques, Memoires et Manuscrits du xvieme siecle. Paris, 1826, 1 vol, 8vo. " M. Audin (who is preparing a History of Catherine de Me- dicis, of which that of the St. Barthclemy is but a fragment, or rather an episode) appears deserving a place among the most veridical of our historians. His book is evidently that of a pure and elegant writer, of a patient and indefatigable compiler. His history is attractive, both by the events it relates, and the style in which they are related. Amidst the most valuable researches, the author has equally avoided the numerous theological discus- sions which encumber the volumes of his predecessors, and the minute and almost individual enumeration of all the victims who fell on the 24th of August, 1572, such as it was given by the Sieur Varillas." — Revue Encij. vol. 32, p. 626. Bail (Le Chevalier C. J.) — Histoire politique et morale des Revolutions de la France, ou Chronologie raisonnee des evenemens memorables depuis 1787, jusqu'd la fin de 1820, &c. Paris, 1821, 2 vols. 8vo. " This work is not only to be recommended for its conciseness and elegance of style ; for the art with which its materials are classed and arranged; but also for its tone of independence, its moderation, and its impartiality." — Revue Ency. vol. 12, p. 168, Bailey (J. Sil.) — Memoires d'un Temoin de la Revolution ; ou H OS ni8T0HV, Journal des fails, qui se sont passes sous ses yeux ; et qui out prepare et fixe la Constitu- tion Francaise. Ouvrage posthume. Paris, 1804, 3 vols. 8 vo. " These memoirs include but a very email portion of the po- litical life of their author. * * Along with a number of de- tails that are extremely fatiguing and insignificant, they contain a variety of interesting particulars, and are written throughout with a certain air of veracity and simplicity which makes it impossible to refuse credit to the writer. * * The interest which this book excites, however, arises more from the dramatic vivacity of the representation, and from the constant interposition of the sentiments and passions of an actor, than from the importance of the new information it cont^i'ms."—-Edinburgh Review, vol. 6, pp. 150-166. These memoirs only go down to the 2nd of October, 1789. — Grifiet de la Bourne has given a new edition of them, with a con- tinuation, under the title of ' Avant Moniteur' . A new edition of the memoirs has also been published, forming part of the collection of memoirs relative to the French Revolution, pub- lished by Berville and Barriere, with a biographical sketch of Bailly, Notes, &c. Paris, 1822, 3 vols. 8vo. — See Berville. Barante (Le Baron de). Histoire des Dues de Bourgogne, de la Maisou Valois (1364-1477). Paris, 1824-26, 13 vols. 8vo. (ivlth an atlas J . " M. de Barante, under the above title, has not only given the history of a province, but also included that of the most dis- tingui.-hcd princes of France who have influenced its destinies, as well as at certain periods, those of Europe. lie has also re- HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 99 produced the spirit and the life of the ohl French Chronicles, at an epoch, when, for the first time, the French language was brought into use to describe men and things." — Revue Ency. vol. 25^ p. 380. Barriere (J. F.) Memoires inedits de Louis-Henri de Lomenie, Comte de Brienne, Secretaire d'Etat sous Louis XIV, publies sur les Manuscrits au- tographes, avec un Essai sur les moeurs et sur les usages du XVIIeme siecle. Paris, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. " These memoirs are edited byM. Barriere, the editor of the Memoirs of Madame Campan, who has given us in his pre- face, some curious details respecting the author and his ma- nuscripts. * * The editor has prefixed a most amusing and instructing ' Essay on the Manners and Customs of the Seven- teenth Century,' and has added very copious notes, illustrative or explanatory of such persons as required this aid. We have only one reproach to make to M. Barriere, but it is one to which every editor of memoirs of this period has equally laid him- self open, and that is, that he has not only allowed passages to stand in the memoirs Avhich were utterly unfit for publication, but introduced into his notes, details equally offensive on the same score. Were it not for these blemishes, we should say, that since the publication of St. Simon's Memoirs, no work has appeared which tlirows so much light on the secret history of the Court of Louis XIV, and of the period immediately antecedent." — Foreign Quarterli/ Review, No. 3, p. 366. lOQ HISTORY, Barruel (Abbe Auguste). M(?moires pour servir a Tbistoire dii Jacobinisme en France. Lyons, 1818, 4 vols. Svo. " The best account of the exertions of the French philoso- phers toprodiiCe a rew order of things in church and state, is to bo found in the first vohime of these memoirs." — Worlcs of C. Butler,vo\.2,]). 71, (Appendix). " The Abbe Barruel has done a public service to Europe, by his cloq'ient and perspicuous delineation of the History of Jacobinism. I by no means subscribe to all the Abb6's opinions and particiilar doctrines, nor to his whims and fancies ; but in the disposition of the whole work, I perceive the hand of a master. It is the best historical and critical commentary ex- tant, on Mr. Burke's first work, called ' Reflections on the Revolution in France,' first printed in 1790." — PursniU of Literature, a Satirical Poem, p. 320, note. Beauchamps (Alphonse de). Histoire de la Guerre de la Vendee, ou Tableau des Guerres civiles de I'Ouest, depuis 1792, jusqu'en 1815, quatrieme edition. Paris, 1820, 4 vols. Svo. This pretended fourth edition is only the second, the book- seller havin neite." — Revue Ency. vol. 24, p. 772. The 3Iemoire8 above alluded to, were published under the following title : Memoires sur la vie privee de Marie- Antoinette suivis de Souvenirs et Anecdotes historiques, sur le regno de Louis XIV —XV. et XVI. 5eme edition. Paris, 1823, 4 vols. 12mo. Carloix (Vincent.) Memoires de la Vie de Francois de Scepeaux, sire de Vielleville, et Comte de Daretal, Ma- rechal de France ; contenant plusieurs anec- dotes des Regnes de Frangois I, Henri II, Francois II et Charles IX, composes par Vin, Carloix, son Secretaire, revus et publics, par le Pere Griifet. Paris, 1757, 5 vols. 12mo. " The Manuscript of these memoirs was found in the archives of a castle which belonged to the Mar6chal de Vielleville, and published by the celebrated P6re Griflet. They are very curious and interesting Memoirs. They have been much read and highly appreciated." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 4, p. 12. Castelnau (Le Marquis G. de). Essai sur I'Histoire Ancienne et Moderne de la \U HISTOKV, Nouvelle Riissie ; statistique des provinces qui la composent, &c. avec cartes, vues, plans, &c. Paris, 1820, 3 vols. 8vo. " M. de Castelnau spent fifteen yt-ars in the country, the his- tory of wliich he has written. He ein[jloyed the greater part of that time in ( ollecting materials for his important work. After great industry and research, M. de Castelnau has been able to present us with a complete body of history, which he modestly entitles an Essay." — Revue Ency. vo\.S, p. 509. Catteau-C.\lleville (J. p. G.) Histoire des Revolutions de Norvege, suivie du Tableau de I'etat actuel de ce pays, et de ses rapports avec la Suede. Paris, 1818, 2 vols. Svo. " M. Catteau-Calleville has visited the countries whose his- tory he has written ; he has also examined and compared me- moirs in the original ; popular traditions ; and the o|)inions of the most learned men residing on the spot. It is then not to be wondered at that in the two volumes before us, we should find the materials drawn from the purest sources, and from those only which are worthy of confidence." — Journal des Savans, quoted by the Revue Ency. vol. 4, p. 264. Cent Jours (Les). Esquisse historique sur les Cent Jours, et frag- mens inedits relatifs aux seances secretes des Chambres, a la marclic du gouvernement HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 113 provisoire, et aux negocia lions d'Hagueneaii. Paris, 1820, 1 vol. 8vo. " This ■n-ork has two distinct parts ; the first is a historic sketch of the Hundred Days ; nothing essential is omitted ; each event has its day ; and thongh the author has given his facts in chronological order, he has used some art in the disposal of his materials. The second part resembles a historic gallery, of which the principal events of the Hundred Days furnish the subjects. Those fragments are really curious. The details re- lative to the Secret Committee of this period, possess the highest interest, as well as those which immediately relate to the abdication of Napoleon." — Revue Ency. vol. 5, p. 171. Chateauneuf (A. H. de la Pierre de.) Les Favorites des Rois de France, depiiis Agnes Saurel, d'apres les sources les plus authentiques. Paris, 1824, 2 vols. 12mo. " This gallery of biographical Portraits, commences with the reign of Charles VII, and ends with that of Louis XV. It includes among other mistresses, the biographical sketch of the amiable Agnes Sorel, who by a witty remark, roused a monarch from his luxuriant lethargy, to the care of his kingdom ; and the Belle Ferroniere, the seductive La Valliere, and the prude Maintenon ; the Duchess of ChCiteauroux, and Du Barry. This work may serve as a supplement to the History of the Private Life of Charles VII, Louis XI, Francis I, Henri II, Charles IX, Henri III, Henri IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV, and Louis XV."— ileyi^e Ency. vol. 34, p. 751-2. 114 HISTORY, Clavier (Etienne). Histoire des premiers temps de la Grece, de- puis Tiiachus jusqu'a la Cliute des Pisistra- tides ; pour ser\ ir d'introduction a tous les ouvrages qui out paru a ce siijet ; avec des Tableaux geiieaiogiques des priucipales fa- milies de la Grece. Seconde edition. Paris, 1822, 3vols. 8vo. *' The work of i\[. Clavier undoubtedly does great credit to his learning, industry and research. By those who fully ac- quiesce in the fundamental positions on which the author relies, this system must be considered as a much improved edition of that of Freret, improved not only by enlargement, we mean as to the History of Greece, but also by emendation'" — Quarterly Review, vol. 5, p. 5. Clement and Others. L'Art de verifier les dates, depuis Jesus Christ. Paris, 1783,-87, 3 vols, folio. — Le meme Art de verifier les dates des faits historiques, &c. par un religieux de la con- gregation de St. Maur, reimprime avec des corrections et annotations, et continue jus- qu'd nos jours par M. (Vitou) de Saint Alais. Paris, impr. de Valade, 1818-19, 18 vols. 8 vo. — L'A rt de verifier les dates avant Jesus Christ, ouvrage postliuine de D. Clement, servant HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 115 d'introductiou au precedent. Paris, 1820, 5 vols. 8vo. " Dom Maur Dantine had the first idea of this celebrated work. He died before its completion : it was published by two of the brotherhood, Dom Clement and Dom Durand, in 1750. It was a complete chaos. Dom Clement undertook the task of reducing it to order, and published anew edition of it inl770, which entirely eclipsed the original. After thirteen years' ad- ditional labour, Dom Clement announced what he modestly called the third edition. The chronological table was car- ried on another century ; as well as that of the eclipses, cal- culated by Pere Pingre. Other important additions were made to the three folio volumes, the first of which appeared in 1783, the second in 1784, and the third in 1787. The tables were not published until 1792. When we cast our eyes on the title of this work, we are struck with astonishment ; when we ex- amine its contents, admiration is blended with surprise. A pure and ardent love of the public good alone could have supported the author through such an enterprise. It is a work of general utility." — Barbier's Bihl.\o\. 3, p. 271. Barbier affirms that the chronogical tables of J. Blair will supply the place of the »/lrt de \ierifier les Dates ; it has the merit of being les voluminous, and comprehends a longer period of time. Comixes (Philippe de). — Memoires ; nouvelle edition, enrichie de notes par MM. Godefroy, augmentee par TAbbe Langlet Dufresnoy. Londres et Paris, 1747, 4 vols. 4to. IW; HISTOKV, " You will find ill Phillip dc Couiiiips (said Montaigne) united to an excellent disposition, the language of true simplicity, and pure narrative, in which the good faith of the author is every where apparent, without vanity or affectation." It was |)artly in these Memoirs that Sir Walter Scott found the materials which he has so skilfully employed in the composition of QiENTiN DuRWARD, perhaps the most admirable of all his novels. Crevier. See RoLLiN. Dangeau (M. le Marquis de). Abregtl des Memoires ou Journal du Marquis de Dangeau, avec des notes historiques et critiques, et un abrege de I'Histoire de la Regence, })ar Madame de Genlis. Paris, 1817, 4 vols. 8vo. " The Marquis of Dangeau began his Journal in the year 1684 and continued with extraordinary perseverance to record, from day to day, whatever appeared worthy of his notice, down to 1720 ; there seem to have been hut two intervals, one in 1709, on account of the illness of his oidy son, wounded at INFal- plaquet ; the other in 1712, on the death of the younger Dau- phin. His notes arc extremely succinct, not to say dry; and relate to all subjects, the most triiling as well as the most important, and preferably perhaps to the former * * * Those who read merely for amusement, will consider, we fear, this eternal chronicle of small parts and proper names, as in- sufferably tedious ; but those who have a taste for this kind of writing, and some previous knowledge of the personages to whom it relates, will be pleased at meeting so many of their HISTORICAL MEftlOIRS, &c. 117 old friends, and amused with the transactions, great and small, which Dangcau records of them : while those who look still deeper into the work will find a great deal of chronological and some historical information, with many important views of the manners a .d morals of the age, of the character of the So- vereign and his ministers, and of the secret springs and per- sonal motives of many considerable events. But this collection is, above all, rich in matters of Court etiquette * * * ^Ve suspect that it was in the search of matter for her Diction- naire des Etiquettes that Madame de Genlis became acqiminted with Dangeau." — Quarterly Review, vol. 19, pp. 446-4G7. Daniel (Le Pere Gabriel.) Histoire de France. Nouvelle edition, aug- mentee de notes, de dissertations historiques et critiques, de I'Histoire du Regne de Louis XIII, et du Journal de celui de Louis XIV, par le Pere H. Griffet. Paris, 1755, 17 vols. 4to. — La meme (avec la comparaison des Histoires de Mezerai et du P. Daniel). Amsterdam, 1755, 24 vols. 12mo. The Abridgment, 12 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1751, is prefixed to the original work. " Father Daniel's History of Franco, in 17 4to vols. (1755,) does not seem, in the estimation of French critics, to en- title its author to very great praise. Daniel is considered to be a very common-place historian ; sufficiently sensible but suf- ficiently plodding ; and better versed in military than in civil 118 HISTORY, affairs. His style is without animation, and his scntiniouts with- out force. * * Like his predecessor (lAIezerai) his abridg- ment is more admired than his unahreviatcd text." — Dil/din's Library Company, p. 293. Daru (Pierre A. N. B. Comte.) Histoire de Bretagne. Paris, 1826, 3 vols. 8vo. " To those who are anxious to acquire accurate and extensive information on the history of this nation, this work of M. Daru will be found an important addition to our modern historical librar5^ The author is well-known in England, from his more important labours on the History of Venice ; and the volumes at present under our consideration are distinguished by the same jieiseverance and patient research which form the principal value of the former publication." — Foreign Quarterly Review, vol. 1, p. 321. — Histoire de la Republique de Venise. Paris, F. Didot, 1822, 8 vols. Svo. " This work, (says Brunei) one of the most important that lias appeared of late years, has already taken its place among uur best historical works." " The author. Count Daru, has enjoyed opportunities of con- sulting a far greater number of authentic documents than any prccedhig writer on A^enetian History. He had not only free access to the secret archives after their removal to Paris, but his efforts seem to have been indefatigable in collecting such further materials, as the great libraries of the continent could afford. He has thus accumulated notices in his appendix, on nearly four thousand manuscripts, above half of which he de- clares that he has personally inspected. He has rendered his HISTGRICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 119 two last volumes an admirable catalogue raisonne of the au- thorities on which his labours have been founded ; he has fa- cilitated enquiry into his own accuracy, and the historical stu- dent is guided to various original sources of investigation. But the best claims to praise must rest, of course, on the judgment and ability which he has displayed in the use of his materials. We have had occasion to subject his volumes to a rigid scrutiny, and we have risen from the comparison of his labours with those of earlier writeis, under a strong conviction of his industry, accuracy and good sense. The defects of the work are such as in general cannot materially impair its value * * * The most curious and valuable part of M. Daru's work, is the full and able picture which it offers of the progress of the Venetian Constitution." — Quarterly Review, vol. 31, pp. 426-427. The two last volumes of this Avork contain, among other pieces justijicatives, the Statutes of the State-Inquisition, dis- covered by M. Daru, which throw very great light upon the political institutions of the mysterious government of Venice. De Thou (J. A.) Histoire Universelle, de 1543-1607, traduite sur I'edition latine de Londres [par J. B. le Mascrier, Ch. le Beau, I'Abbe des Fontaines, &c.] Londres, [Paris] 1734, 16 vols. 4to. Should the reader prefer purchasing the original latin work, it bears the following title : J. A. Thuani, Historiarwn sui temporis. Lund. 1733, 7 vols, folio. " For a detail of what took place in France, from the time of Francis I, up to 1608, we have the President de Thou's 120 HISTORY, History. Important ncgociatioiis, various jouniics in Italy, Flanders and Germany ; an attentive study of the interests of Courts, the manners, customs and geography of the different countries which he traversed, cnahlcd de Thou to produce his excellent History. The best (latin) edition of this important work is that of London, 1733, 7 vols, folio." — BarLier's Bib. vol. {\, p. 426. DUFAU (P. A.) Histoire Geiierale de France, depuis le regeii de Charles VII, jusquVi la paix generale, en 1815, oriiee de plus de deux cents portraits. Paris, 1821, 4vols. 12mo. *' It would be well if we could always arrive at such pure sources of history as this work of M, Dufau appears to have been drawn from, especially the reign of Henry HI, and Henry IV. His relations are rigorously exact ; his observations profound; his reflections just ; his judgment sure." — Revue Ency. vol. 11, p. 290. DuLAURE (Jacques-Antoine). Esquisses historiques des principaux Evenc- inens de la Revolution Franyaise, depuis la convocation des Etats generaux jusqu'au re- tablissement de la maison de Bourbon. Paris, 1823-25, 6 vols. 8vo. " M, Dulaure has been an eye-witness of the principal part of the scenes which he describes ; as Member of the National Convention, lie was ever the friend of rational liberty, and was rewarded by proscription. He has lived to an advanced age, HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 121 after having witnessed the rise and fall of so many forms of go- vermcnt * * M. Dulaure has made his work the depository of long experience ; and he will he found, on perusal, a phi- losophical writer, and a friend of rational liherty." — Revue Eney. vol. 2G, p. 95. Dumas (M. le Comte Mathieu). Precis des Evenemens militaires ou Essais his- toriquesdesCampagnes de 1794 a 1814. Paris, • 1817-26, 19 vols. Svo. (withrnaps, ^c.) " The first part of the Precis, ^c. was hcgun at Hamhurg, during the author's compulsory residence in that city, and ori- ginally puhlished in monthly numhers in 1800. He did not resume it until 1816, when he puhlished the second part, con- taining the campaign of 1800^ and in 1817 a new edition of the first part. The work has since heen continued by the pub- lisher in detached portions of the subsequent campaigns, from 1801 np to 1807, and will, if the author lives to complete it, form a connected series of annals of all the great transactions which have occurred from 1799 up to 1814. * * Who- ever may take the trouble to peruse these volumes, will, if he have any relish for lively description and happy narrative, find that he has set himself to a task not less agreeable than pro- fitable." — Foreign Qitarterhj Review, No. 1, pp. 100-123. Each Campaign may be procured separately, as follows : Vol. 1 and 2, . . , Atlas, Campagnes de 1799, Vol. 3 and 4, ib . . . 1800, Vol. 5 and G, ib Vol. 7 and 8, ib Vol. 9 and 10, ib Vol. 11,12, 13 and 14 . . . ib Vol. 15 and 16, ib Vol. 17, 18 and 19 . . . ib 1801. 1802. 1803-4. 1805. 1806. 1806-7. 122 HISTORV, — Precis des Evenemens militaires dej> guerres de la Revolution. " The General gives in this work an account of transactions in which ho more than once acted an honourable part ; and like Thucydiclos and Xenophon, he is entitled to praise, both as a historian and a warrior." — Revue Ency. vol. 1, p. 324. DuMESNiL (Alexis). Histoire de Philippe IF, Roi d'Espagne. Paris, 1822, 1 vol. 8vo. *' The author of Philippe II, has taken his station among (mr historians ; his work merits and has obtained great praise/* — Revue Ency. vol. \^, p. 431. DuPLESSis MoRNAY (Philippe Seigneur). Memoires et Correspondance de Duplessis- Mornay, pour servir tl 1' Histoire de la Re- formation et des guerres civiles et religieuses en France, sons les regnes de Charles IX, de Henri III, de Henri IV et de Louis XIII, depuis Tan 1571, jusqu'en 1623, publie sur les manuscrits originaux, et precede des Memoires de Madame de Mornay, sur la vie de son Marl, &c. Paris, 1824, 12 vols. " This work would have admitted of some reductions, but even as it is, it is highly useful to consult on a variety of sub- jects, and contains a number of very remarkable facts." — Re cue Ency. vol. 20, 'p. 91. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 123 Fain ( le Baron). Manuscrit de Mil-huit-cent-douze, contenant le precis de cette annee, pour servir 'd, I'His- toire de TEmpereur Napoleon. Paris, 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. " Though many works have already been written, "both by French and Russians, on the Campaign in Russia, M. Fain's l)ook has a particular claim to our attention. Placed in a dif- ferent situation from other writers, he must have seen events in a different point of view. It is from the very cabinet of the Emperor that he saw them, and this position gives to the pic- tures he draws, an air of novelty. His principal aim is to point out to us the exact share which Napoleon had in the great events, the brilliant victories, and the dreadful reverses which distinguished that campaign ; what were the projects of this extraordinary man in this, the most extraordinary of all his undertakings, and the motives which urged him to it * * * This work will be advantageously consulted by the future his- torian, who will be thus enabled by comparing contradictory re- ports, to fix the opinion of posterity." — Reinie Ency. 34, p. 494. Favier. See Segur. FoucHK (Due d'Otrante). Ses Memoires. Paris, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. Although these Memoirs shew great intimacy with the secret history of the times, they are not to be implicitly relied on." — Walter Scott's Life of JKapoleon, chap. 21. FoY (Le General). Histoire de la guerre de la Peninsule sous 124 HISTORY, Napoleon, precedee d'un Tableau politique et inilitaire des puissances bell igerantes, Paris, 1827, 4 vols. 8vo. " His account of the formation, structure and qualities of tlic French armies is principally deserving of attention; and this is beyond all question the most eloquent and masterly picture that has ever boon attempted of that gigajitic and tremendous establishment, which was for twenty years the terror and scourge of Europe. All the particulars of the moral and physical or- gauiitation of the French imperial hosts, abound in historical and professional information. The interest of these tales must be of the most enduring kind." — Monthly Review, Dec. 1827* Froissart. (Jean). Chronique de France, d'Angleterre, d'Ecosse, d'Espaig-nc, de Bretaigne, &c. (de 1326 a 1400). ]*aris, Anth. Verard, 4 vols, folio. Tliis is the orignal edition of the above valuable work, copies of whicli arc extremely scarce. At the cud of the fourth vo- lume is found the following: " Cy finist In quart volume de Froissart. * * imprime a Paris, pour Anthoiiie Verard demourant sur le pont notro dame." Auolhcr valuable edition is that published at Paris, pour J. Petit et Fr. Regnault, 1518, 4 tomes en 3 vols, folio. The most common edition is that published at Paris, in 15/4, 4 torn, en 2 vols, folio. " The pages of Froissart exhibit a perfectly natural and pleas- ing picture. Conversations, skirmishes, battles, the country, the town, scenes within the tent, the palace, or the church ; the q\iiet of pastoral occupation, or the tumult of a populai* HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, Sec. 125 assembly ; these, and every thing which he touches, are hit off in a manner the most simple and strikinj? imaginable ; and severe indeed must be that taste and fastidious that feeling, which shall deny to the pages of this historian the merit of great interest, candour and apparent fidelity. His episodes are occasionally delightful, and it is evident that he was fond of them. * * * But it must not be concealed, that Frois- sart is, after all, a bit of a gossiper ; that he relates stories sometimes frivolous of themselves, and sometimes told at se- cond hand ; that he is frequently prolix, when he should be concise ; and concise when he should be copioxis ; that many parts of his narrative might have been spared, and that there are errors and omissions which excite the wrath of the critic, and the regret of the antiquary." — DlMtn'-s' Library Companion^ p. IGO. Froissart, in collecting his materials for history, underwent great bodily fatigue and peril. His excursions were not confined to countries in a state of peace. We find him attending armies and journeying alone in the Pyrenees, and in the Highlands of Scotland, places where at that time, the law could afford no very sure protection to strangers. " A new edition of the Chronicles of this immortal historian is now in a course of publication, in fifteen octavo volumes, at Paris. It is the result of a more careful comparison of the MSS. previously examined, and of others recently discovered, so as to make it, in all respects, the preferable edition for a library. For the comfort of the less initiated in ancient or- thography, the modern mode of spelling is adopted ; but where any word of doubtful construction occurs, that word is also given between brackets. It forms one work, on a glorious plan, recently projected, of republishing all the old French Chronicles, including those of Saint Denis, IMonstrelet, and the Petitc'S Chroniques, in sixty 8vo. vols, in the whole. The 126 lllbTORV, publishers arc ftlessrs. Treuttcl & Wiutz." — DiMin's Librarif Companion , (Supplonieiit)p. 832. Ganilh (M.) De la Contre-revolution en France, ou de la Restoration de I'ancienne Noblesse et des an- cienues superiorites sociales, dans la France nouvelle. Paris, 1823, 1 vol. 8vo. " This work, is worthy of a distinguished place among the political writings of the day. The chapter which treats on the Holy Alliance will be read with great interest, particularly among foreigners." — Revue Encij. vol 17, p- 372. Goldsmith (Lewis). Cours politique et diplomaticiue de Napoleon Bonaparte, comme General en chef des ar- mees republicaines, comme Premier Consul, et comme Empereur et Roi, et du gouvernement Francais, ou recuil de traites,actes, memoires, decrets, ordonnances, discours, proclamations, &c., depuis Mai, 1796, jusqu'a la scconde ab- dication de Bonaparte, en Juin, 1815, etcon- tenant tout ce qui s'est passe en France, pen- dant sa derniere usurpation. Londres, 7 vols. 8vo. This work, as it may throw some light on the reign of Bona- parte, and as it is more within the reach of the English reader, we have thouglit right to mention here. It was originally pub- lished, at aundjy times, under the title of Rccueil des decrets HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 12? de Bonaparte, 6 vols. 8vo. Some time after, a seventh vo- lume was published, which is now added to the preceding, and the work may now be purchased in 7 volumes, under the title we have given above. Gouvier-Saint-Cyr. Journal des operations de I'armee de Catalogne, en 1808 et 1809, sous le commandement du General Gouvier-St. Cyr, &c. Paris, 1821, 1 vol. 8vo. *' The modest title of this book would, perhaps, have the effect of preventing it from getting into the hands of those who are not curious in military matters, if it were not at the same time observed, that more subject for meditation, more real in- struction may be found in this Journal, than in the greater part of modern historical writers." — Revue Ency. vol. 12, p. 299. Grammont (M. le Comte de). Memoires du Comte de Grammont, edition augmentee de notes et d'eclaircissemens, &c. par Horace Walpole, Strawberry-Hill, 1772. Only one hundred copies were printed of this edition, now sel- dom to be met with. A splendid edition in 4to. printed on vellum paper, with seventy-two portraits, engraved from the original pictures, was published in London, in 1792. From this another edition was printed, in 1812, in 2 vols. 8vo. with only sixty-four portraits, and inferior to the former edition, both with regard to the impression of the book, and the execu- 128 HlSTOllV, tion of the plates. Of this edition there are some copies in Engh'sh as well as French. Only one edition of this book re- mains to be mentioned ; it is an extremely pretty one, and was printed in 3 vols. ISmo, by Didot Vaini, in 17S'3. " The beginning of the 18th century witnessed the publica- tion of perhaps the most popular volume of memoirs ever put forth in France, under the title of 3femoifes de Grammont, of wliich Anthony Hamilton was the author. All the better French critics unite in extolling the style, wit and sentimentality of this book to the skies. I maybe singular in my opinion, but if you deprive this work of the exquisite ease and polish of its style, it seems to me to contain but little wit and less wisdom." — Dih- din's Library Cojnpanion, p. 545. Gregoire (L'Abbe). Histoire des Confesseurs des Empereitrs, des Rois et d'autrcs Princes. Paris, 1824, 1 vol. 8vo. " Whoever is curious in matters, singular and yet important, will here find something to gratify his curiosity. The subject is rich in material, and the digressions of the author sometimes more interesting than the subject seems to admit of. This work of ]\r. Gregoire has been attended with the greatest success."— Revue Ency. vol. 24, p. 758. Griffet (Le Pere). Histoire dc Louis XIIT. Paris, 1758, 3 vols. 4to. " This is the best History of the Reign of Louis XHI, Avhe- ther for accuracy, the arrangement of the facts, and all the qualities which constitute a good historian." — BarMer's Bib. vol. 3, p. 432. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 129 Grouvelle and Grimoard. (Euvres de Louis XIY, accompagnees d'applica- tions historiques, de notes, &c. Paris, 1806, 6 vols. Svo. " This work throws considerable light upon the reign of Louis-le-Grand, and serves to shew that all which had hitherto been published relative to the civil, political, and military His- tory of this monarch, was erroneous or incomplete." — Barhier's Bibl. vol. 3, 432. GuizoT. (M.) Collection des Memoires relatifs k I'Histoire de la Revolution d'Angleterre, accompagnee de Notices, et d'Eclaircissemens historiques, precedee d'une Introduction sur I'Histoire de la Revolution d'Ang-leterre. Paris, 1825, 27 vols. Svo. " Few men were more capable to undertake this important work than M. Guizot. The Notices by him, are full of excellent views and curious facts." — Revue Encij. vol. 20, p. 183. —Collection des Memoires relatifs a I'Histoire de France, depuis la fondation de la Mo- narchie Fran^aise jusqu'au xiiieme siecle; Paris, 28 vols. Svo. " A great, and we think a most desirable revolution has taken place in the study for historical study in France. Those who K 180 HISTORY, occupy themselves with that hranch of literature are no longer satisfied with the mutilated, pale and incomplete compilations of modern self-styled historians ; but seem determined to trace truth to its original source, and follow up the stream of history to its fountain-head. Hence the successful republication of the immense and valuable mass of Memoirs which the French possess. Not the least interesting portion of these treasures is the part undertaken by M. Guizot, namely, the ancient Chro- nicles of France." — New Monthly Mag. vol. 12, p. 125. See Guizot Belies Lettres. GUYARD DE BeRVILLE. Histoire de Bertrand du Guesclin. Lyons, 2 vols. 12mo. " The great merit of this production is, that it gives an exact description of the manners of the age in which its hero flourished, and it also makes us acquainted with a number of contemporaries of the celebrated du Guesclin." — Barhier's Bib. vol. 4, p. 6. The history ol the Chevalier de Bayard, Paris, 1807, 12mo, by the same author, is also a very interesting work. GuYON (L'Abbe). Histoire des Empires et des Republiques, depuis le deluge, jusqu'a J<5sus Christ. Paris, 1736- 1741, 12 vols. 12mo. " A work more methodical, correct, concise, and at the same time more complete than RoUin's Ancient History ; but the style of which is less polished, and less harmonious. With this ex- cejition, it deserves to be preferred." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 3, p. 312. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 131 Hauterive (M. d*.) De Petat de la France, a la fin de Pan 8, Paris, 1800, 1 vol. 8vo. seconde edition. " It would be impossible for us to say more, in sketching out the character of a whole work which is itself the abstract (often too concisely given) of the most extensive knowledge, and of observations equally varied and profound ; so much so, indeed, that the work would rather require a commentary than allow of an analysis. The principal fault of the writer is, that by ex- pecting his readers to be as learned as himself, he has very much lessened their number." — Pougens' Bibl. Franc. No. 9, p. 158. Henault (President). Nouvel abrege Chronologique de PHistoire de France, jusqu'en 1715. Paris, 1795, 3 vols. 8vo. " That which constitutes the chief eharm of these pages, is the delineations of character, the reflections, and those notices, scattered with so much art, which give a soul as it were to a body, in other respects dry and repulsive." — Dibdin's Lihrary Companion, p. 293. JoMiNi (Le General, Baron de). Histoire Critique et Militaire des guerres de la Revolution : precedee d'une introduction pre- sentant le Tableau succint des mouvemens de la politique europeenne, depuis Louis XIV, jusqu'ala Revolution, et celui des principales 13-2 lUbTOKV, causes et des priiicipaux ev^nemens de cette Revolution. Paris, 1820-24, 15 vols 8vo. and 4to. atlas. " This work is one of the most important and the most com- plete that has ever been written, on an event ever memorable. The author, a proCound thinker, appears every where filled with the importance of his subject. Although the style of Jomini is by no means equal to the models which the ancients have left us, although it is seldom pure, and frequently betrays a foreign hand, it has, however, some remarkable qualities to recommend it. Jomini relates events in a striking manner, describes battles and military movements vividly, and lucidly describes the conduct of military enterprizes." — Reinie Ency. vol.8, p. 63. This important work appeared in the following order, and may still be bought separately : l6'/ Livraiaon. Introduction et Canipagnes de 1792, 17^3, ct 1794, 6 vols, (with an atlas of 14 plates). 'Znd Livraison. Canipagnes de l'j9o-96-97 et 98, (with an atlas of 12 plates). 3rd Livraison. de 1799, 2 vols. 8vo (with an atlas of 5 plates). 4(h Livruison. de 1800-1-2 et 3, 3 vols. 8vo. (with an atlas of 5 plates). — Traite des grandes operations militaires, rontenant I'Histoire critique des Campagnes de Frederic II, comparees a celles de I'Em- pereur Napoleon ; avec un recueil des prin- cipes generaux de I'art de la guerre. Paris, 1811-16, 8 vols. 8vo. " The present work is uiiquestionably one of the most pro- HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 133 fiutid, original and interesting, that has appeared in our day ; Jomini has been the first to give a complete exposition of the principles of war. His powerful and original mind en- abled him far to outstrip the authors who had preceded him ; and amidst the tumult of the camp and the din of arms, to as- certain by the finest discernment, and to develope with the most forcible eloquence, the principles that directed the stu- pendous career of the master whom he first served. From these remains, as well as from the title of his book, it must be evi- dent that our author has dedicated these volumes to the higher and sublimer branches of his art, those which do not depend upon the particular institutions of any country or age, but which, in great part, are applicable to all times and places. The manner in which he has treated his subject, appears to us the most amusing and instructive that could well have been adopted." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 35, p.p 377-8-9, Koch. (Ch. G.) Memoires pour servir a Thistoire de la Cam- pagne de 1814, accompagnes de plans d'ordre de bataille, et de situations. Paris, 1819, 3 vols. 8vo, " The author of this work, having long served under our most distinguished generals, was well calculated to Avrite an account of the great military events which produced such mighty results. He says, himself, that he has not been allowed to draw the materials for his work from the public archives, but that living among the generals who performed this campaign, he received from then") all the information he could wish, and compared that information with the works pubMshcd in France, England and Germany, Mr. KqcH has not thought it sufficient 134 HISTORY, to give an account of the military transactions included in the campaign of 181 1, but he also considers in his work the poli- tical events, and diplonuitic operations which first prepared and then produced the great event which terminated that ever memorable campaign." — Revue Ency. vol. 15, p. 250. " This work has remarkable traces of authenticity." — fVal- ter ScotVs Life of JVapoleon, chap. 97. — Tableau des Revolutions de I'Europe, de- jiuis le bouleversement de I'Empire romain en Occident, jusqu'a nos jours. Nouvelle edi- tion. Paris, 1823, 3 vols. 8vo. " This work is the result of infinite labour, perseveringly rontinuod lluough a great number of years, with admirable constancy, by a man whose erudition was as profound as cor- rect, and whose excellent works have placed him among our most learned writers." — Barhier's Bill. vol. 3, p. 280. Koch (M.) L'Abrege de I'histoire des Traites de Paix entre les puissances de I'Europe, depuis la paix de Westphalie. Basle, 1796, 4 vols. 8vo. " This work is not only valuable for its rich collection of facts recorded with clearness and precision ; but it is also distinguished for the most scrupulous impartiality, and that philosophical order which presents every event in the most in- teresting point of view. This work has procured the author a deserved place among our classics." — Barhier's Bibl. vol. 3, p. 290. Lacepede (M. le Conite de.) Histoire generale, jdiysique et civile de I'Eu- HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 135 rope, depuis les dernieres annees du Seme siecle jusqiie vers le milieu du xviiieme. Paris, 1827, 18 vols. 8vo. " The most elevated thoughts, the most profound reflections, the most passionate love of liberty, always characterise this fine writer. With what enthusiasm he recounts the progress made at different epochs in literature and the arts, unanswerable proofs of the advancement of civilization !" — Revue Ency. vol. 31, p. .572. Lacretelle (M. Ch.) Histoire de France pendant le dix-huiteme siecle. Paris, 1814-26, 14 vols. 8vo. Should the reader wish to procure only a portion of this his- tory, its different parts may be purchased separately, as follows : Histoire de France avant la Revolution, vols. Assemhlee Constitumite, '2 vols. — Legislative, 1 vol. -Convention Nationale, I vol. -Directoire Executif, 2 vols. To this valuable work should be added, in order to render it complete, —Tables par Ravier, 1817, 2 vols. 12mo. — Histoire de I'Assemblee Constituante de France. Paris, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. " M. Lacretelle is known by several other works of consi- derable merit, and well worthy of perusal ; the History of the Religious Wars during the five Reigns, from Henry II, to Henry IV, indusively, and the History of France during the 136 HISTORY, 18th Century. With respect to the work before us, it is written for the most part with fairness, and upon the whole, the au- thor may be considered as the best French historian now exist- ing ; and if his historical pictures and sketches were real his- tory, we should not hesitate to place him in the first rank among his countrymen, dead or alive. The present volumes are in substance, a continuation of the ' History of France du- ring the Eighteenth Century.' " — Quarterly Review, vol. 28, pp. 271-273. Le Beau (Charles.) Histoire dii Bas Empire, continuee par H. P. Ameilhon. Paris, 1757-1811, 27 vols. 12mo. " ]M. le Beau, the author of the Histoire du Bas Empire^ (who wrote 22 vols. I2mo. of this work) has been long con- sidered one of our best writers. His style is piquant, and no part of his history can be read without interest. The con- tinuation by M. Ameilhon is not unworthy a place with the foregoing." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 3, p. 3G5. Lebrun-des-Charmettes. Histoire de Jeanne d'Arc, siirnommee laPucelle d'Orleans, tiree de ses propres declarations, de cent quarante-quafre depositions de te- moins ocnlaires, et des manuscrits de la Bi- bliotheqvie du Roi et de la Tour de Londres. Paris, 1817. 4 vols. 8vo. " This work contains the most complete account (says Fcignot) yvhich exists relative to this singular and extraordinary portion f)f the History of France. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c, 137 Lenglet du Fresnoy. Methode pour etudier I'histoire, avec nn ca- talogue des principaux historiens. Paris, 1729, 2 vols. 4io. C^itk maps). Supplement, 1740, 2 vols. 4to. The edition printed in Paris, in 1772 (15 vols. 12nio, and without maps) is preferred on account of the additions which Dronet has made to the catalogue. " The Methode pom' etudier Vhidoire, by the Abbe Lenglet du Fresnoy> is a master-key to all the locked-up treasures of ancient and modern History, and to the more secret stores of the obscurer memorialists of every nation. * * The his- tory of this work is a striking instance of those imperfect be- '^ginuings which have often closed in the most important labours. This admirable Methode made its first meagre appearance in 2 vols, in 1713, It was soon re-printed at home and abroad, and translated into various languages. In 1729, it assumed the dignity of 4 quartos ; but at this stage it encountered the vi- gilance of government, and the lacerating hand of a celebrated censeur, Gros de Boze, It is said, that from a personal dis- like of the author, he cancelled one hundred and fifty pages from the printed copy submitted to his censorship * * Whea the unique copy of the 3Iethode, in its pristine state, before it had suffered any dilapidations, made its appearance at the sale of the curious library of the censeur Gros de Boze, it pro- voked a Roxburgh competition, where the collectors eagerlv out bidding each other, the price of this uncastrated copy reached to 1500 livres." * *— Second Series 0/ Curiosities^ of Literature, by J. DTsraeli, vol. 2, pp. 328-332-4. M. Michault, from whose Memoires pour servir d I'histoire de la vie des (Euvres de 31. UAhhe Lenglet du Fresnoy (a 13S HISTORY, scarce book) this account of M. D'lsraeli's is taken, adds, speak- ing of Gros de Boze's erasures, that he (Be Boze) had ap- proved the former edition, and even the very parts which he afterwards erased. Le Quien de la Neufville (Jacques). L'Histoire des Dauphins de Viennois, d'Au- vergne etde France, ouvrage posthumede feu Le Quien de laNeufville, mis au jour par son petit fils et augmentee, par un homme de lettres, de I'Histoire de Louis IX du nom, vingt-cinquieme dauphin de France. Paris, 1760, 2 vols. 12mo. *' This forms a very necessary link in the chain of French History. It embraces many interesting researches, and is writ- ten in a clear, neat and easy style." — Barbier's BibL vol. 4, p. 11. Lettres. Lettres edifiantes et curieuses, ecrites des Mis- sions etrangeres, nouvelle edition, publiee par I'Abbe de Querbeuf. Paris, 1780-83, 26 vols. 12mo. (with maps). This edition is generally preferred to tlie original, because it has the advantage of being systematically arranged : to this work sliould be added : — — Nouvelles des Missions orientales, recues au seininaire des Missions etrangeres, a Paris,en 1/85 et 1^6. Paris, 1827, 2 vols. 12mo. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 139 — ^Nouvelles lettres edifiantes des Missions de la Chine et des Indes orientales. Paris, 1819, 4 vols. 12mo. " Between the years 1581 and 1681, one hundred and twenty- six Jesuits were employed in the missions in China. * * All the information which the missionaries could acquire of the learn- ing, the arts and the sciences of China, they transmitted to Eu- rope. It is principally to be found in their Lettres Edifiantes et Curicuses of which Fontenelle said that he had never read a work which answered better to its title. To the general ac- curacy of these letters, and the works of Father du Halde, and Father Gaubil, the interesting account published by Sir George Staunton of his embassy to China, bears testimony, and the writer of these pages has often heard him mention them in terms of the highest praise." — Works of C. Butler, vol. 4, p. 30. Levesque (P. C.) Histoire critique de laRepublique romaine. Paris, 1807, 3vols. 8vo. ** This work of Levesque is rather a work upon history, than a history itself. The author had two principal objects in view. The first to strengthen, by new observations, the doubts already raised on the authenticity of the History of the first ages of the Republic. The second object was to allay the extensive admiration of the Moderns for the Romans; an admiration which the author regarded as dangerous, both in a moral and a political sense." — Rapports de I'Institut de France, sur les ouvrages admis aux concours, pour les prix decennaux, (Classe d'his- toire, Sfc.) p. 13. " Notwithstanding the many learned and elaborate produc- 140 HISTORY, tions that exist on this beaten subject, and in spite of some ble- mishes with which the present work is chargeable, we deem it a valuable acquisition, and a work that will survive the day. In- deed, when we observe that the author possesses a sound understanding, is fully master of his subject, and has taken due pains, it is scarcely necessary to predicate any thing with respect to his performance." — Jlonthhj Review, vol. 54, p. 256. LOMENIE. See B.1RRIERE. Mably (L'Abbe Gabriel Bonnet de). Observations sur I'Histoire de la Grece. Paris, 1766, 1 vol. 12mo. — Sur les Roma ins. Paris, 1789, 2 vols. 12mo. — Sur I'Histoire de France, revue par Guizot, avec les Essais sur I'Histoire de France. Paris, 1823, 3 vols. 8vo. " They arc not ill written ; but I think a capital fault of thcni is, attributing more consequence to the particular cha- racters of men, often ill-drawn, than to the general manners, characters and situations of nations." — Gibbon's Historical Works, vol. 2, p. 92. " Mably's Observations sur I'Histoire de France (says Che- riier in his Tableau) is a luminous work, and necessary to all wlio wish to be hiformed of the progress of French Legislation." Mably. See (Euvres Completes. Maintknon. See Belles Lettres. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 141 Mallet (Paul Henry)* Histoire de laLig"ue hanseatique. Geneve, 1805, 1vol. 8vo. " The rise, progress, decline, and extinction of the league are distinctly traced, its services liberally appreciated, and its faults and errors are ably pointed out. It is a correct and in- structive performance, which displays a liberal spirit of sound judgement, and which entitles M. Mallet to additional consider- ation in the republic of letters. * * It forms a valuable supplement to the general histories of Europe." — Monthly jBc- view,vo\. 50, p. 461. Mansollier (M.) Histoire de I'luquisition et son origine. Colo- gne, 1693, 1 vol. 12mo. " One of the best accounts which have been published of the Inquisition, is the Histoire de V Inquisition, by M. Mansollier, canon of Uses, the most eminent of French biographers."— Works of Charles Butler, vol. 2, p. 172, (Appendix). Marmontel. Regence du Due d'Orleans. Paris, 1805, 2 vols. 1 2mo* " All things considered, this History of the Regency does honour to Marmontel. It may be read and re-perused with pleasure ; and in spite of some errors and imperfections, it still cuts a conspicuous figure among the numerous produc- tions of this estimable and celebrated academician."' — Ch'e- oiier's Tableau de la Litterature, p. 218. Hi HISTORY, Massias (M. le Baron). Napoleon juge par lui-meme, ses amis et ses ennemis. Paris, 1821, 1 vol. 8vo. *•' This certainly is one of the most successful efforts at an im- partial estimate of the character of Napoleon, that has yet ap- peared." — New Monthly MiLgazine, vol. 12, p. 175. — Memoires historiques et politiques du regne de Louis XVI. Paris, 1801, 6 vols, in 8vo. " This work is enriched by a number of historical documents which the author found in the different Cabinets of Louis XVI, after the 10th Aug. 1792. These, in addition to others procured from several persons in high situations, give an official air to these Memoirs." — Barhier's Bill. vol. 3, p. 447. Memoires (published anonymously). Memoires secrets sur lesr^gnes de Louis XIV, et de Louis XV. Paris, 1791, 2 vols. 8vo. " These Memoirs commence at the termination of the reign of Louis XIV, continuing to the ministry of Cardinal de Fleury ; consequently, including the regency. They were began by Du- clos, and continued by Marmontel. The part of Duclos is written in a free, open and candid manner ; he cannot avoid expressing his indignation at the vices and follies of the age." BarUer's Bihl. vol. 3, p. 4 10. Mengin (Felix). Histoire de I'Egypte, sons le gouvernement de Mohammed-Aly ou Recit des evenemens poli- HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 14S tiques et militaires qui out eu lieu depuis le depart des Francais jnsqu'en 1823 ; ouvrage enrichide notes par MM. Langles et Jomard, et precede d'une Introduction historique par M. Agoub. Paris, 1823, 2 vols, 8vo. (avec atlas). " The statistical part of this work contains many interesting particulars relative to agriculture and commerce. These parti- culars embrace the actual relations which exist between Egypt and the principal states of Asia and Africa. The Notes of MM. Langles and Jomard, have added considerable interest to the geographical, historical, and philological details contained in this work. But its richest ornament is, undoubtedly, its Introduction. In this luminous sketch, Egypt is made to pass in review from its origin, througli its long existences, to the last hour of its long suffering ; with all its magnificence, its decay, its alternate display of wisdom and of folly ; its monuments, tombs, &c. It might be called the funeral oration of Egypt.'* Revue Ency. vol. 22, p. 584. Mezeray (Fr. Eudes). Histoire de France depuis Pharamond jusqu'a maintenant (1598) ; avec un abrege de la vie de chaque reine. Paris, 1643-51, 3 vols, folio. *' Mezeray was bred to arms ; but an insatiable love of study converted his sword and carbine into printed books and manuscripts. Absorbed in this pursuit, he meditated his His- tory of France, but an excess of application produced a dan- gerous disorder. Cardinal Richelieu, who, amidst all his in- trigue and tergiversations, had the merit of projecting or pa- 144 HISTORY, lionising some of the most splendid publications in France, pa- tronised Mczerai. * * * A donation of 50 crowns by him to the historian, stimulated IMezerai to redoubled exertions in the completion of his history. He had, moreover, through the interests of the Cardinal, a pension of 4000 livres from the Court : and on the death of Conrart, was appointed permanent Secretary to the French Academy. Never was a man more sin- gular or fuller of bizarrerie, than Mezerai. His countenance, figure and dress were almost equally repulsive. He was once stopped as a vagabond, by the overseers of the parish, and commanded to follow them. So far from being displeased at this adventure, it amused him, and he entered into the joke accordingly. ' Gentlemen, (said he) I cannot well accompany you on foot, but as soon as they have put a wheel to my car- riage, I'll accompany you wherever you please.' One of his oddities was to work by candle-light, even in the middle of the day, and in the midst of the summer ; and he always attended his visitors to the street door on parting, holding a lighted candle in his hand * * Mezerai loved truth, but would not take much pains to discover it ; depending rather upon the texts of his predecessors. Yet he had courage and integrity ; and gains in energy what he loses in accuracy. There is, how- ever, a coarse thread which runs through all his narratives, and those who call him the Tacitus of France, seem to mis- take vulgarity for strength. His work may be thought in some measure, a reflexion of the motley features of his life." — Dib' din's Library Companion., p. 291-2. MiCHAUD (M.) Histoire des Croisades. Paris, 1813-22, 7 vols, 8vo. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 145 " A very carious and interesting work, (says Peignot). The Cth and 7th volumes are entitled Dihliographie des CroisadeSy contenant Vanalyfte de toiites les chroniqucsd' Orient et d' Oc- cident qui parlcnt des Croisades." A new edition, the fourth, corrected and enlarged, is now in the course of publication, of which the first four volumes have appeared. MiGXET (F. A.) Histoire de la Revolution Francoise, depuis 1789jusqu'en 1814. Paris, 1824, 2 vols. 8\o. A smaller edition has since been published, in 2 vols. l8mo. " This work presents a rapid dramatic sketch of the French Revolution, the completest and best of its kind. The author has drawn from every source, has neglected no kind of testi- mony, but perhaps his best claim to confidence lies in his not having witnessed the scenes which he relates. He depicts in the most vivid colours its disorders and its triumphs; he de- velopes its mischiefs and its benefits, and judges all in a spirit of impartiality." — Revue Ency. vol. 22, p. 431. *' This is a philosophical History of the French ReA'olution, free from all exaggeration and partiality, and written in a clear, concise, and even severe style." — Monthly Review. " M. Miguet's History of the French Revolution is a chef d'oettvre, superior to every thing that has appeared for the last fifty years." — London, Magazine. MiLLOT (L'Abbe C. F. Xavier). ElemensderHistoire de France, enrichisdes re- cherches des Abbes Dubos et Mably, et de Thouret, sur I'origine des divers peuples con- qu^rans des Gaules, &c. par M. Buret de L 146 HISTORV, Longchamps, auteur des Fastes universels. Paris, 1823, 5vols. 12mo. Donzieme edition. " The Elemens de VHistoire de France, by Millot, have ob- tained the universal esteem they acquired for impartiality and correct principles. The Abb6 Millot, who died in 1785, had commenced the reign of Louis XV. M. Buret de Longchamps, advantageously known as the author of the Fasics unio^rsels, has completed the work of Millot, and his continuation, his additions and corrections arc every way worthy of his esta- blished reputation." — Revue Ency. vol. 22, p. 191. *' Millot, says Chenier, (Tableau Historique. Sfc.) in his va- rious Elhneiis is correct, impartial, and judicious ; but flat, timid, and not very instructive.'' See Millot, (Euvres Completes. MiRABEAU. (G. H. R.) De la Monarchic prussienne sous Frederic-le- Grand. Lond. (Paris) 1788, 4 vols. 4to. or 8 vols, (with folio atlas) . " Among new books I recommend to you the Count de Mira- beau's great work 8ur la Monarchie prussienne. It is in your own way, and gives a very complete and just idea of that wonderful machine. His Correspondence Secrite is diaboli- cally good." — Gibbon's Miscellaneous Works, vol. 1, p. 195. Montesquieu. (Charles Secondat)^ Considerations sur les causes de la grandeur et de la decadence des Romains. Paris, 1814, 8vo. There are also several smaller edttions in ISmo. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 14? *' Mr. Gibbon's History is a picture, which exhibits at full length, and in the most gorgeous colours, the subject sketched by Montesquieu, in his celebrated Grandeur, Sfc. Does not the sketch present to every informed reader, a clearer view of the object than the pictui-e ?" — Reminiscences of C. Butler^ vol. 2, p. 19. MOUNIER (I. J.) De rinfluence attribuee aux Philosophes, aux Francs-Macons, et aux Illumines sur la Re- volution de France. Paris, 1825, 1 vol. 8vo. *' This book is written upon the whole, in a style of great candour and moderation, and though it will not probably con- vert those who have faith in an anti-social conspiracy, it must be allowed upon all hands, to contain much acute reasoning, and many judicious remarks.'' — Edinburgh Review ^ vol. 1, p. 2. NiCEROX. See Biography. NouGAR^DE (Andre). Histoire de la Revolution qui renversa la re- publique romaine, et qui amena I'etablisse- ment de TEmpire. Paris, 1820, 2 vols. 8vo. *' The important facts and curious details which this work contains, were previously scattered through the pages of ancient and modern historians. M. le B. de Nougarede, has the merit of having collected thera into a focus, and clothed them in very chaste and elegant language." — Revue Ency.\o\, 8, p. 14/. 148 HISTORY, Orleans (Louis Aiitoine Philippe d'). Meinoires de S. A. S. Louis Antoine Philippe d'Orleans. Paris, 1 vol. 8vo. " Amongst tlie numerous Memoirs that have appeared rela- tive to the eventful epoch of the Revolution, these are far from being the least interesting or remarkable, not only on account of the rank and unmerited misfortunes of the writer, but also from the sentiments they contain, and the style and manner in which they are written." — New Monthly 3I(igazinc, vol. 12, p. 174. Petitot (M.) Collection complete des Memoires relatifs a I'Histoire de France, depuis le regno de Philippe Auguste jusqu'au commencement du xviieme siecle, avec des notices, sur chaque auteur et des observations sur chaque ouvrage. Premiere serie. Paris, 1826, 52 vols. 8vo. " This collection (says Peignot) is in every respect preferable to the one published in 1785-180G, in 72 vols. 8vo. — Collection des Memoires relatifs a I'Histoire de France, depuis I'avenement de Henri IV, jusqu'a la paix de Paris, conclue en 1763; avec des notices sur chaque auteur, et des observations sur chaque ouvrage. Paris, 1820, and foUowing years. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 149 This second collection is not less interesting and inipoitaut than the first, and is published with it. PicoT (Jean.) Tablettes chroiiologiqnes de I'Histoire Uni- verselle. Ouvrage redige d'apr^s celiii de Lenglet du Fresnoy. Geneve, 1808, 3 vols. 8vo. " The utility of this work is generally acknowledged, both for its direction through a course of history, and for its pre- senting, in chronological order, a complete succession of events, from the creation to the present day ; and of characters dis- tinguished in the sciences and arts."— 5arJ/er'* Bib. vol. 3, p. 275. Pigault-Lebrun, Histoire de France. Paris, 1823, 8 vols. 8vo. " Our history has, of latter days, been a remarkable source of investigation. We have already the great and important work of Sismoudi ; the fine historical composition of Segur, whicli comprehends in his vast panorama of Histoire Universelle, a succinct and instructive abridgement of our National History ; then we have the Essai of M. Guizot, on the Histoire de France, {he Histoire physique et morale de Paris, and the Esqtiisses sur la Revolution Francaise, by the learned M. Dulaure ; some portions of the Historical works of Lacretellc Junior, and of the Histoire des Croisades, by Michaud ; the Resume of the History of France, by Felix Bodin ; and lastly, the two works of Migiiet and Thiers. The present attempt of one, who has described with such wit aad power, the move- 150 HISTORY, ments of the human heart and of modern manners, to add his mite to the general stock of History, is certainly worthy of re- mark, and is one of the greatest novelties of the day. This historical essay of Pigault Lebrun, is like his other works, dis- tinguished for just views, great penetration, and elegance of style. His motto is ' The truth,^the whole truth — and no- thing but the trutli.' "— Revue Ency. vol. 21, p. 188. POUQUEVILLE (F. C. H- L.) Hisloire de la regeneration de la Grece, conte- nant le Precis des evenemens dejmis 1/40, jusqu'en 1824. Seconde edition. Paris, 1815, 4 vols. 8vo. (with plates and maps) . This valuable work gives a full account of the causes which have brought about the great insurrection witnessed in the East, as well as a complete history of the war, down to the year 1824. The authentic documents from which the author has drawn the materials for this history, and his great knowledge of Greece, where he has long resided, are guarantees as to the correctness of the facts related in this work. See PouquEviLLE, Voyages and Travels, Pradt (M. de). De la Revolution actuelle de I'Espagne et de ses suites. Paris, 1820, " The high importance attached to this subject, and the honourable rank which the author holds among the political writers of the day, is sure to excite a very lively interest in favour of this work.*'' — Revue Ency, vol. 6, p. 184. — Histoire de 1' Ambassade dans le Grand Duche deVarsovie en 1812. Paris, 1B15. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 151 " M. dc Pradt, however, is not a mere pretender ; he was in fact a considerable person. He had been one of Bonaparte's attendants at Bayonne, in 1808 ; one of his deputation to the Pope at Savona, in 1811, and was afterwards attached to the imperial household in the office of Grand Almoner of France. He appears to be a person of quick, epigrammatic conversa- tion ; of a speculative and sanguine disposition, and of talents not incapableof those coups de theatre, -which, under Napoleon's regime, were considered as coups d'etat. This qualification probably recommended hira to Buonaparte, who did not per- ceive, till he came to employ him without coadjutors, that ' Tel brille au second rang qui s'eclipse au premier.' " Quarterly Review, vol. 14, p. 58. — Du Congres de Vienne. Paris, 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. " M. de Pradt has again appeared before us, and we are re- joiced that he has done so ; for although the formal settlement of the affairs of Europe does not admit of the same vivacity of description, or dramatic effect with which he has dressed up the account of his Mission to Warsaw, yet he has contrived to en- liven a most unpromising subject, and to interest by the inge- nuity of his speculations, though the solidity of many of them may be fairly called into question."— Qwar^er/^ Review, vol. 4, p. 481. See Pradt, Jurisprudence, 8fc, Rabaut-Saint-Etienne. Precis historique de la Revolution Francaise. Paris, 1823, 1 vol. ISmo. " Elevated thoughts, a style of great boldness and cqu&lity ; and a faithful relation of facts vender this work of Rabaut th« 152 HISTORY, best History wliich wo have of the Constituant Assembly/' — Revue Ency. vol. 11, p. 388. The translator of this valuable History (J. White, Esq.) gives the following account of his author : — " JM. Rabaut de St. Etienne, after having distinguished himself as a legislator and an orator in the National Assembly, assumed, with not less ability and zeal, the character of the National Historian ; brief, elegant, eloquent, satisfactory, he hath recorded, within the compass of this compact and lively volume, the remote origin, the immediate causes, the progress and the completion of that rapid and renowned regeneration." Rapin-Thoyras (Paul sieur de). Histoire d'Angleterre (avec la continuation de David Durand et Dupard), nouvelle edition avec les notes de Tyndal et I'abrege des actes publics d'Angleterre de Th. Rymer, La Haye. (Paris) 1749, 16 vols. 4to. " This (says Brunei) is the best edition of a work, which, after having enjoyed a considerable reputation, is nowrt^ad but by very few." Rapports, &c. Choix de Rapports, Opinions et Discours pro- nonces a la Tribune Nationale, depuis 1787, jusqu'd ce jour, recueillis dans un ordre chro- nologique et historique. Paris, 1822, 20 vols. 8vo. " This important work presents us with a vast historical pic- ture. War, diplomacy, and the events of the interior, are the narration, so as to give new life to the oratory grouped in the narration, so HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 153 of the Tribune. The events of 1S13 and 1814 occupy a con- siderable portion of the last voXxxmo; "-'Revue Ency. vol. 17, p. 357. Raynal (L'Abbe). Histoire philosophique et politique des etablis- semens et du commerce des Europeens, dans les deux Indes. Geneve, 1780, 5 vols. 4to. (including one volume of maps.) The following edition is generally preferred :— — Geneve, Pallet, 1780, lOvols.Svo. (with atlas). The following interesting anecdote is related respecting this work. The Abbe Raynal, before his work was printed at Ge- neva, had a private edition printed at Paris, by Stoupe, of which only three copies were printed. Of these copies Raynal left one in the hands of the printer, took one himself, and sent the third to Pellet. By this means he was enabled to make, on the printed copy, the alterations and additions suggested by his friends, which would have been impossible, had he been obliged to receive from Geneva as many proofs as the repeated alter- ations to be made would have rendered necessary. " The Abbe Raynal employed the latter years of his life in correcting his Histoire Philosophique, and in weeding out from it those erroneous opinions which he had disclaimed in his old age, with far more danger than he had avowed them in his youth. It is to be regretted that the work thus amended, should not have been published ; for that work, notwithstand- ing all its inaccuracies and errors, is worthy of preservation. Raynal was a man of great talents ; his eloquence is, in its kind, only inferior to that of Rousseau, and the feelings he ex- 154 HISTORY, presses arc always those of a humane and generous heart."— Quarterly Review, vol. 26, p. 285, *' Grimm says that Diderot wrote one third part of this His- tory, which is not the least distinguished for the boldness of its eentiments. — (^Mem. part 3, vol. 4, p. 85.) But LaHarpe asserts that Diderot wrote the half of it, and that though Baynal was really a better man than Diderot, yet that he, Diderot, Rousseau, Voltaire and Hclvetius were among the most powerful prime movers of the Revolution. — (Cours de Lit. vol. 15, p. H3 ; vol. 16, part 1, p. 173-4). Barbier characterizes this history as a bold and irreligious compilation from the works of other tra- vellers. Dr. Johnson flew into a great passion, when any one talked of the Abbe Raynal's History." — Dihdin/s Library Com- panioTiy p. 410. Resumes historiques. Resume de THistoire ancienne de la Grece, par Senty. Paris, 1826, 1 vol. 18mo. d'Angleterre, par Felix Bodin, d*Auver^ne. Paris, 1826. du Bas-Empire, par M. Raffenel. -duBresil et de la Guyane, par M. F* Denis. -de Bretagne, jusqu'ci nos jours. Paris, 1826. de la Champagne, depuis les premiers HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 15$ Temps de la Gaule, jusqu'a nos jours, par Montrol. Paris, 1826. -de la Chine, par Senacourt. -du Commerce et de I'Industrie, par M, Adolphe Blanqui. ■^ des Croisades, par M. de Saint-Maurice, -du Danemarck, par M. Lami. Seconde edition. de I'Ecosse, par M. Carrel. -de I'Egypte, par M. Rey. de I'Empire Germanique, par M. Sclieffer, de I'Espagne, par M. Alphonse Rabbe. -des Etablissemens des Europeens aux Indes Orientales, par M. Merault. -des Etats-Unis d'Amerique, par M. Bar- baroux. Seconde edition. de la France, par Felix Bodin. -de G^nes, Piemont et Sardaigne, par Chambolle. des Grecs modernes, par Carrel. 15C HISTORY, Resume de I'Histoire des Guerres de Religion, par M. de St. Maurice. -des Guerres de la Vendee, par M. Dar- maing. -d*Hollande, par M. Scheffer. de I'Isle de France, de I'Orleanais et du PaysChartrain, Seine, Seine et Oise, Seine et Marne, Oise, Aisne, Loiret, Eure et Loir, et Loir et Cher, par Denis Lagarde. Paris, 1826. des Indes Occidentales, par M. Merault, des Juifs anciens, par M. Leon Halevy. de Lorraine, par M. Etienne, fils. de Lombardie, par M. Trognon. d'Auvergne, par M. Dupuis. -de la Bretagne, par M. Bernard. -de Naples et Sicile, par M. Santo Do- mingo. du Mexique, par M. Monglave. Resume de I'Opinion publique, ou Revue des HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 157 Journaux, depuis la Mort de Louis XVIII, jusqu'al ce jour. Paris, 1826, (a pamphlet J. ^de I'Histoire de la Perse, par M. Raf- fenel. de la Philosophie, par M. Laurent. de Pologne, par M. Leon Thiesse. de Picardie, par M. Lami. de la Republique de Venise, par Carrion de Nisas. Paris, 1826. de la Revolution, par Leon Thiesse. Paris, 1826. Romaine, depuis Romulus jusqu'al Con- stantin, suivi d*un Tableau de la Decadence et de la Chute de I'Empire Romain, par A. Roche. Paris, 1826. de Russie, par M. Alph. Rabbe. de la Suede, par Coquerel. de la Suisse, par M. Ch.Chasle. -des Traditions morales et religieuses, par M. Sen an court. This collection of Resumes, still in the course of publica- tion, has been very favourably received in France, and some 158 HISTORY, of the works it contains have already reached a second and third edition. Being written by various authors, their merit is of course unequal ; b ut while some of them have received great and deserved praise, few, if any, have met with decided cen- sure. This collection also offers one great advantage, viz: that each work may be purchased separately, so that the reader may form, by selecting a few volumes, a library suited to his pecu- liar means and inclinations, for it should be observed that the Resumes consist, not only of historical works, but embrace also every art and science, each work, generally in one small volume, containing a perfect account of some one Nation, Sci- ence, &c. Retz (M. le Cardinal de). Memoires contenant ce qui s'est pass^ de re- marqtiable en France, pendant les premieres annees du rdgne de Louis XIV. Amsterdam, 1731, 4 vols. 8vo. " To these (says Brunei) should be added the following:" — Memoires de Guy Joly. Amsterdam, 1738, 2 vols. 8vo. — Memoires de Madame la Duchesse de Ne- mours. Amsterdam, 1738, 1 vol. 8vo. The Paris edition of the same works, consists of 6 vols. 8vo, Ledoux, 1817. " The Memoirs of Retz are in every one's hands ; the admi- tjon of his style, of the point and depth of his reflections, of his vivid and exact portraits, of the elevation of his mind, and of the clearness and impetuosity of his narratives, is universal. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. J5& To these, not to his deeds, he owes his iinmortality ; he com- posed them for his amusement, without any view to the post- humous fame which he acquired by them." — Jf^orks of C. Butler, vol. %^. 11. Revolution. Essai sur THistoire de la Revolution Francoise, par une Societe d'auteurs Latin. Paris, 1801. *' This ' Society of Latin Authors,' who so inimitably have written the History of the French Revolution, consists of the Roman historians themselves ! By extracts ingeniously applied, the events of that melancholy period are so appositely described^ indeed so minutely narrated, that they will not fail to surprise those who are not accustomed to detect the perpetual parallels' which we meet with in philosophical history." — Second Series of Curiosities of Literature, by D'Israeli, voL 2, p. 429^ REVOLUTION (French). The reader will find in the second Index, at the end of the work, and under the words French Revolution, a reference Xoall the works mentioned in this bookj which treat of, or have any relation to the history of that eventful period. Roche- Jacquelin (Mad. la Marquise dela). Memoires, ecrits par elle-meme, rediges par M. le Baron de Barante. Bourdeaux, 1815. •' Among the many historical works to which the French Revolution has given birth, the two most interesting are, be- yond doubt, Madame Roland's Appeal to Posterity, and the 100 HISTORY, IMenioirs. of the Marchioness de la Roche Jacqiielin. The most, injured royalist could not peruse the former without feeling some degree of reluctant respect for the hest of republicans ; the most stoical republican could not read the latter without ac- knowledging the virtue, admiring the heroism, and regretting the fate of the defenders of the French monarchy. Now that the contest is over, both parties might derive from these books a wholesome lesson of political charity ; and in all times, whenever they may be read, they will convince a wise and well- regulated mind, that of all evils, of all miseries, of all curses which can befal a civilized country. Revolution is the greatest." — Quarterly Review, vol. 15, pp. 21-2. See Boscuamps, page 102. RoEDERER (M. le Comte de). Memoire pour servir a line nouvelle Histoire de Louis XTI, pere du penple. Paris, 1819, I vol. 8vo. " The author of this work is M. Le Comte de Roedei'er, to whom our Literature is indelUed for several productions distinguished by their elegance and vivacity of style. This Memoir is one of the best we have on the Reign of a King styled by the aristocracy of the fifteenth century, plebeien etroturicr, because he was really a good and popular man ; because he protected the people from the violence and injustice of the nobles ; because he created as well as preserved liberal institutions." lievue Enct/. vol. 5, p. 354. Rohan (Henri, Due de). Ses Campagnes dans la Valteline, en 1635, pre- cedees d'un Discours sur la guerre des mon- tagnes. Amsterdam, 1788, 1 vol.l2mo. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. IGI This work is equally interesting from the exact descriptions it furnishes of the events and operations which arc its objects, for the topographical descriptions of tlie mountainous countries where these took place, hut particularly on account of the mi- litary instruction which their author conveys in it, especially on the manner of carrying on war in mountainous countries. Rochefoucauld (Le Due de la). Memoires de la minorite de Louis XI. Paris, 1754, 2 vols. 12mo. " These jMemoirs are written with all the energy of Tacitus. In 1804 M. Reuouard published a new edition of them, con- siderably augmented from the manuscripts of their celebrated author." — Barrier's Bill. vol. 4, p. 23. Roland (Madame). CEuvres de Madame Roland, contenant les Memoires et notices historiques qu'elle a com- poses. Paris, 1800, 3 vols. 8vo. " In the works of Madame Roland may be found, sufficient historic details relative to the secret causes of the principal events in the Revolution, to satisfy the most craving curiosity on this point." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 4, p. 2, See Roche-Jacqueux, page 159. " So far had an indifference to delicacy influenced the society of France, and so widely spread was this habitual impurity of language and ideas, especially auiong those who pretended to philosophy, that fliadame Roland, a woman admirable for cou- rage and talents, and not, so far as appears, vicious in her pri- vate morals, not only mentions the profligate novels of Louvet M 162 lirSTORV, as replete with the graces of imagination, the salt of criticism and the tone of philosophy, hut affords the public, in her own person, details with wliich a courtezan of the higher class should be unwilling to season her private conversation." To the above observation, Sir Walter adds the folio tving note, for the sake of which chiefly, we have extracted the passage. " The particulars we allude to, though suppressed in the second edition of IMadame Roland's Memoires, are restored in the collection of Memoirs respecting the Revolution now pub- lishing in Paris. This is fair play ; for if the details be dis- gusting, the light which they cast upon tbe character of the author is too valuable to be lost." — Walter Scott's Life of A^apoleon, vol. 1, p. 57. RoLLiN (I'Abbe Charles). Histoire ancienne des Egyptiens, des Carthagi- nois, des Assyriens, des Babyloniens, &c, Paris, 1740, 6 vols. 4to. — Histoire romaine, depuis la fondation de Rome jusqu'a la bataille d'Actium, continuee par Crevier. Paris, 1752, 8 vols. 4to. (with maps.) " These fourteen volumes (says Brunct) are generally ac- fompanied by — — L'Histoire des Empereurs, par Crevier, 6 vols. 4to. The old editions of these three works of RoHin (viz : Traitt dost etudes f 4 vols. Histoire ancienne, 14 vols, and Histoire ro7/iai)iP, 16 vols.) are more esteemed than the newer editions. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 1G3 as being better executed. There arc two other editions of Rol- lin. One continued by Crevier down to the fall of the Roman Empire, and published at Paris in 1810, in GO vols. 8vo.: the other published at Paris also, in 1818, consists of 18 vols. 8vo. Of these two editions, Brunet complains that the former is too voluminous, the latter not sufficiently so. The following may, however, be taken as a medium between the above-mentioned : — -Noiivelle edition, accompagnee d'observations et eclaircissemens historiques, par M. Le- tronne. Paris, 1822, 30 vols. 8vo. (with atlas.) The title explains the advantages of this new edition, while the name of the editor is a sufficient guarantee of its value, Chateaubriand has given a chapter in his Genie dti CJiris- tianisme to Rollin, as a historian, " Rollin" says he, " is tho Fenelon of history ,• and like him he has given fresh beauty to the shores of Greece and Egypt. The first volumes of his Ancient History display all the genius of the ancients. The nar- rative of the worthy Ecclesiastic is flowing, easy and full of sim- plicity ; and xmder the tender influence of Christianity, the powers of his pen produce undefinable sensations. His wri- tings breathe the spirit of rectitude, and are the continual feasts of a contented mind, according to the scriptural expression. We know of no production which produces such serenity of soul." Montesquieu speaks thus of Rollin : — " A worthy individual has, by his historical productions, enchanted mankind. His is the heart which finds an echo in every breast. We feel a secret pleasure in listening to his voice — to the voice of virtue, Rol- lin may truly be called VAbeille de la France." RULHIERE (A.) Histoire de TAnarchie de Pologne, et dii De- 164 ITTSTORY, membrement dc cette Reimblique. Paris, 1807, 4 vols. Svo. " lliilhii'io was accommotlatctl, for the purposes of history, with the use of all the documents which the archives of foreign affairs could affoid ; and what he could not get from those sources he was enahled to draw from Vienna, Dresden and Berlin, which places he visited in the year 17/6. With all these ad- vantages, however, the work advanced so slowly, that it was not finished when the author died in 1791- The narrative was only completed down to the end of the year 1770, for, from that period till the peace of Kainardgi when it closes, there wore frequent chasms and imperfections, which the editors were ohliged to fill up with such sketches and notices, as they could find among his materials. These imperfections, in that por- tion of the work which emhraces the partition, certainly im- pair its value ; hut there is still much interesting information upon that suhject, hoth in the unfinished and in the preceding parts ; and the work upon the whole is of no ordinary value." — Edinbiorgh Revieiv, vol. 14, p. 389. " However, making allowances for its partiality, (certainly One of the greatest defects of a historian) and for the occasional errors, the tiistoirc de V Anarclde de Pologne, is, undouht- cdly one of the hest historical works in any language." — Rap- ports de Vlnstitut de France, <§r. — Classe d'Hisioire. At the time of the Polish anarcliy. Count Viclhorski and other Polish confederates, applied to the French philosophers for a constitution. It is rather singula^' that the one given hy Jean Jacques Rousseau was strictly monarchical, while the one sup- plied hy Le I\Icrcier de la Riviere was as strictly rcpuhlican. Saint-Aulatrf: (M. le Comte de). Histoirc de la Fronde. Paris, 1827, 3 vols. Svo. HISTORICAL MEI\IOIRS, &c. IftJ . " We are of opinion that this interesting portion of History has never been related in so interesting, sensible and skilful a manner, as it is in the work of INI. de Sainte-Anlaire. The style is perfect as to correctness and elegance." — Revue Ennj. vol, 34, p. 641. Sainte-Croix (M. le baron de). Examen critique des anciens historiens d'Alex- andre-le-Grand, seconde edition. Paris, 1805, [or with a new title, dated 1810] 1 vol. 4to. (with maps). The j&rst edition of this excellent work appeared in 1775; it contains ninch less than the one mentioned above. This work, published anonymously, is, by Barbier in his Dh' Honnaire des Anoiiymes, attributed to the author whose name we have affixed to it. <' The object of the author of the Examen crltiqtce dcs hls- tortens d' Alexandre, has been to collect together and examine all that has ever been written relative to Alexander, whether by Greek or Latin authors, or by orientalists. Vast erudition, re- gulated by critical acumen, and this brought into action by a powerful mind, has served to remove the number of obscurities which have clouded the life of Alexander. This work of Sainte- Croix contains the whole life of this Asiatic conqueror, settling the points of discussion, and throwing light on all the obscure parts of it." — Rapports de VInstitut de France, Sfe. (Classe de la Langue et de laLitterutare Francaises) p. 32, St. Real (Abbe de). Conjuration des Espagnols contre Yenise, en 1618. Paris, 1781, 18mo. 166 HISTORY, *' If the reminiscent may be allowed to give his opinion, the Conjuration contre Venise of the Abbe de St. Real is the most interesting of publications." — Reminiscenses of Charles Bidleti p. 133. Segur (M. le Comte de). Histoire Universelle, Ancienne et Moderne, de I'Academie Francaise, (with atlas par P» Tardieu.) Paris, 1821, 10 vols. 8vo. M. Seguv commenced this History in 1817, and first published it in ISmo. This is a reprint of the same work in 8vo. It bad met with great success. *' From the time of La mer dcs Histoires, 1488, np to the appearance of the Precis de VHi&toire Universelle, by An- quetil, bow many works of this kind have been written and forgotten ? Those even which bave obtained the highest appro- bation are far from baving closed the tbcmc. Rollin, who must infallibly be mentioned here, though he treats only of Ancient History, is justly celebrated for the amenity of bis style, tbe purity of his morals, and the candour of his opinions. But if some errors in judgment and natural prejudices are excusable in the man, there is no reason why bis work should stand free from the blame which is attached to it, from the indulgence of the author's too great credulity. Millot, in bis Elemens d' His- toire Generate, is more judicious, more philosophical, and more correct; but bis book affords but little instruction, and the ex* treme conciseness which characterizes it, savours more of a collection of sketches, rather than a continuous work on His- tory. The voluminous Histoire des Hommes,\)y Delisle de Salles is quite forgotten, though published only forty years ago ; finally Anquetil is but a dry annalist, an unphilosophical writer, and HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 1G7 by no means a lively painter. This work of M. Segur happily fills up a void ; it is solid, brilliant, contains the most useful lessons, couched in elegant language. The author states it to be written for the use of young people. ' J'ecris ce Ilvre pour lajeunesse,' says M. Segur, ma vieillesse vent lui etre tittle.' " — Revue Ency. vol. 14, p. 61. —Vie de Louis IX. Paris, 1824, 1 volume, ISino. *' We already have several Histories of this monarch. M. de Segur, however, is in possession of the secret of novelty, and is able to give a powerful interest to his History, the scenes of which were already well known. Far from affecting, like the generality of historians, a solemn and dogmatic style, M. de Segur leaves facts to speak for themselves : his merit lies in the arrangement of them. He avoids digression, and his reflections, when he makes any, arise naturally out of the subject." — Revue Ency. vol. 24. p. 355, — Politique de tous les Cabinets de ?Europe, pendant les regnes de Louis XY , et de Louis XVI, &c. MSS. trouves dans le Cabinet de Louis XVL Seconde edition. Paris, 1801, 3 vols. 8vo. " The chief part of the Politique de tous les Calinets is occupied with a treatise of the Sicur Favier on the Foreign Relations of France, which dictated the Austrian Alliance, and to shew the necessity under which France laboured of increasing her military as well as federal power, in order to gain the rank of a primary power, said to have been lost through the consc- 168 HISTORY, quencc of the Austrian Alliance, and the seven years' wais This treatise (with a few others, chiefly short excerpts from the memorials of Vergennes, Broglio, Target, and other French ministers) was first puhlished in 1793, hy authority of the legis- lature, and, after attracting so great an attention over Europe, as to be deemed the best popular manual of young diplomatists and politicians, it is now republished, with a few additions, and with large notes, of considerable value, by M. Segur." — Edin- burgh Rcviciv, vol. 1, p. 377. " Profound views characterize the productions of Favier ; he has the rare talent of being learned without appearing dry, and of giving his disquisitions an interest arising both from the opinion he wishes to elucidate, and from the new light in which it is considered. * * * gyj what gives still greater value to this publication is the numerous commentaries added tQ it by the editor L. P. Scgur.." — Pougens' Blbl. Franc. No. \%y p. 91. Seguk (M. Le General de). — Histoirede Napoleon et de la Grande Armee, pendant I'annee 1812. Paris, 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. " The author of this Expedition to Russia, is son of the ce- lebrated Count Segur whose numerous and important works are so advantageously known iu the literary world. This Histoire, S)-c. is divided into twelve books, which may be considered as so many pictures distinct from each other, though all are painted witli the same vivid colours, and connected in admirable narra-; tive. The characters are drawn with masterly power ; the dp- Rcriptions arc given with exactness and truth; the reflections HISTORICAL MEIVrOIRS, &c. 1G9 "bespeak a profound, just and impartial spirit ; a tone of frec- dom and a warmth which flows from the heart, distinguish the style."— Revue Ency. vol. 24, p. 773-4. " Here and elsewhere we quote as a work of complete authority Count Philip de Segur's account of this memorable expedition. The author is, we have always understood, a man of honor, and his work evinces him to be a man of talent. We have had the opinion of several officers of high character, who had themselves served in the campaign, that although unquestionably there may be some errors among the details, and although in some places, the author may have given way to the temptation of working up a description, or producing effect by a dialogue, yet his narrative on the whole, is candid, fair, and liberal." — Sir JFalter Scott's. Life of Napoleon, vo\, 7, p. 217, Note. St. Simox (Louis, Due de). ^Ses Memoires, ou I'Observateur periodique sur le regue de Louis XIV, et sur les pre- mieres epoques des regnes suivans. Paris, 1826, 6 vols, 8vo. " After the Memoires de Ttctz, but at an immeasurable dis- tance, come those of the Duke of Saint Simon, remarkable for frankness of style, and for interesting detail." — Chenier's Ta- ikau de la Litterature. SiSMONDi (Simonde de), — Histoire des Franrais. Paris, 1826, 9 vols. 8vo. (continued.) " The author of the historical work now before us, is already well known to our readers. * * * On the field which he has now chosen, M. Sismondi must be considered not as having 170 HISTORY, rivals to surpass, but as having an entire deficiency to supply. Daniel, and even Mezerai are no longer read. Velly is a cold and languid compiler, whose narrative is very incomplete, and who is more inaccurate than is excusable in a writer who is so little turned aside by reflection from inquiring into facts. Henault'$ Abridgement is no more than a portable book of reference, and a convenient help to the recollection of those who are already acquainted with History. * * The History of Charlemagne in this work, is incomparably the best that we have ever read. The narrative is full and accurate, uniformly supported, and often animated by original documents. The events are disposed in the clearest order ; the authorities are weighed with critical judgment; curiosity and research are every where directed to proper and im- ])ortant subjects; the language is natural and spirited; the nar- ration is at the same time interesting and amusing ; and if we were desirous of pointing out the best general account of the state of the world in the beginning of the ninth century, we should have no hesitation to name M. de Sismondi's History of Charlemagne." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 35, p.p. 488-9-504. " Robertson's defects are, in some measure, the same as those of M. de Sismondi, who is labouring at Geneva on a History of the French. M. de Sismondi's defect is, that his characters ap- pear natives of Geneva, so greatly arc they imbued with poli-» tical rationalism. This political rationalism, this academical co-» louring, is also observable in M. Guizot's History of the last Stuarts. But it is a defect infinitely more pardonable in the writer who retraces the age of the Puritans, which was a very reasoning, if not a very reasonable age." — New Jlonlhl^ J^Ia-n gazine, vol. 23, p. 96. — Histoirc des Republiqiies Italiennes du moycn age. Paris, 1809-18, 16 vols. 8vo. "The publication of M. Sismoadi's Histoirc dcs Republiques HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 171 Italiennes has thrown a blaze of light around the most inter- esting, at least in many respects, of European countries, during th middle ages. I am happy to bear witness, so far as ray own studies have enabled me, to the learning and diligence of this writer ; qualities which the world are sometimes apt not to sup- pose, when they perceive so much eloquence and philosophy. I canHOt express my opinion of M. Sismondi, in this respect, more strongly than by saying that his work has almost super- seded the annals of Muratori. I mean from the twelfth cen- tury ; before which period his labour hardly commences. Though, doubtless not more accurate than IMuratori, he has consulted a much more extensive list of authors ; and considered as a re- gister of facts alone, his history is incomparably more useful. These are combined in so skilful a manner as to diminish, in a great degree, that inevitable confusion which arises from frequency of transition, and want of general unity. It is much to be regretted that, from too redundant details of unnecessary circumstanceSj and sometimes, if I may take the liberty of saying so, from unnecessary reflections, M. Sismondi has run into a prolixity which will probably intimidate the languid stu- dents of our age. It is the more to be regretted, because the History of the Italian Republics is calculated to produce a good far more important than storing the memory with his- torical facts ; that of communicating to the reader's bosom, some sparks of the dignified philosophy, the love for truth and virtue, which lies along its eloquent pages." — Hallam's Middle Ages, vol. 1, p. 232. (Note.) Stael (Madame la Baronne de). Considerations sur les principaux evenemens de la Revolution Francoise. Ouvrage pos- thume, public par M. le Due de Broglie, &c. London, 1818, 3 vols. 8vo. 172 IIISTORV, " No book can possibly possess a muph higher interest than this which is now before us. It is the last, dying bequest of the most brilliant writer that has appeared in our days ; and it treats of a period of history which we already know to be the niost important that has occurred for centuries; and which those who look back on it, after other centuries have elapsed, will probably consider as still more important." — Edinburgh Bevieiv, vol. 30, p. 275, Sully (Le Due de). • — Memoires (ses) mis en ordre ; avec des re- marques, par I'Abbe de I'Ecluse des Loges. Londres, (Paris) 1745 et 1747, 3 vols. 4to: Nouvelle edition. Paris, 1822, 6 vols. 8vo. <' The Memoirs of the Duke of Sully have great merit, and deserve to be mentioned with particular praise. No Memoirs approach more nearly to the usefulness and the dignity of a full legitimate history. They have this peculiar advantage, of giving us a beautiful display of two of the most illustrious characters which history presents ; Sully himself, one of the ablest and most incorrupt ministers, and Henry IV, one of the greatest and most amiable Princes of modern times. I know few books more full of virtue and good sense than Sully's IMcmoirs." — Blair's Lectures, vol. 3, p. 49. Thiebault (D.) Mes Souvenirs de viiigt ans de sejour -d Ber- lin ; ou Frederic le Grand, sa famille, sacour, son g-Quvernement, &c. Paris, 180o, 5a'o]s, 8vo. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 173 " INI. Thiehatilt was one of the many French stnmns whom Frederic II. invited to settle in his capital, to partake of the employments connected with science, and to enlarge and di- versify that literary society in which he delighted to relax his mind after the fatigaes of state affairs. As the author Avas admitted into all the hest circles of Berlin, he has heen cnahled to collect a variety of interesting particulars, relative' to the many eminent persons, hoth natives and foreigners, who either figured in society during his residence there, or had left behind them a lively impression of their distinguishing qualities, so that, beside the full and elaborate portrait of Frederic, which forms the chief figure ou the canvas, we are introduced to a various group of his contemporaries, some of whom are scarcely less interesting than himself." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 7, P- 218. TissoT (P. F.) Memoires historiques et militaires sur Carnat, rediges d'apres ses manuscrits, sa correspon- dance iiiedite et ses ecrits ; precedes d'une Notice par P. F. Tissot. Paris, 1824, 1 vol. 8vo. " The noble character, and disinterested conduct of Carr.ot, have never been questioned ; his great militairy genius is also universally admitted. He was not one of the authors of the Re- volution, but he was an actor therein, with the best intentions. In the crisis of 1793 he undertook the defence of our frontiers, and directed the movements of the armies of the republic, and drganisa la victoire'. * * * jjjg Memoirs, composed from materials left by himself, possess a great share of interest."' — Revue Ency. vol. 24, p. 401. 174 IIISTOIIV, Velly, Villaret and Garnier. Histoire de France, depuis I'etablissement de la monarcliie, par Velly (down to the 4tli volume), Villaret (from the end of vol. 4, to the beginning of vol. 9), et Garnier (from vol. 9, to the 15th, carrying the History down to the year 1564). Paris, 17;0-89, 15 vols. 4to. <' The joint production of Velly, Villaret and Garnier must Le noticed. Velly died on the completion of the 8th volume; and Villaret (whose love of reflections would have made his work almost interminable) followed his fate on the completion of the reign of Louis XI. Garnier put the finishing stroke to it in 178G, on carrying the work down to the reign of Charles IX. The History was published in IG volumes, 4to. and 33 in duo- decimo. No library indeed, which aspires to the character of being properly furnished with French History, can be completo without the labours of Velly, who, forsaking the beaten path of detailing the mere personal histories of Kings, struck out into a new road (in which he v,'as probably followed by our Henry) wherein the origin of parliaments, of laws, customs, manners, arts and sciences, was explored. Garnier is thought to be less brilliant, although he is less verbose than Villaret, They were, on the whole, a most respectable historical tri^ Vmvirate." — Dibcl/n's Library Companion, p. 294-5, Vertot (Rene Aubert de). Histoire des Revolutions arrivees dans le gou- vernement de la ropublique romaine. La Have, 1734, 41o. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 115 — Histoire des Revolutions de Suede et de Por- tugal. La Haye, 1734, 2 vols, in one, 4to. — Les memes Revolutions, edition augmentee de discours academiques. Paris, 1819, 5 vols. Svo. " Vertot's Revolutions of Rome, Sweden and Portugal, have been received by the public of every country with equal favour. The last of these works is considered by the French, to be surpassed in purity of style, by no work in their language." — fFork-s ofC. Butler, vol. 5, p. 217. Bossuet, after reading the Revolution de Portugal, by Ver- tot, remarked : " This is the pen which should write the His- tory of Turenne." Unfortunately this was never accomplished. Pere Bouhours, one of the most esteemed French critics, remarked, " we have nothing in our language which, in point of style, can surpass the Revolutions de SuMe et de Portugal" " Who is not acquainted M'ith the Abbe Vertot's History of the Revolutions of the "Roman Republic? It is one of the finest productions in our language ; its style is rapid, pure, ele- gant and i\dL\.Vi\^\.:'—Barbier's Bibl. vol. 3, p. 339. See FsRTOT, CEuvres Completes. VlLLE3IAIN (M.) Histoire de Cromwell, d'apres les Memoires du temps et les recueils parlementaires. Paris, 1819, 2 vols. Svo. " The History of Cromwell is well-written, and in a style ■which we conceive to be peculiarly favourable to this species of composition : animated, clear, sometimes admirably concise, and in many pai'ts brilliant in the extreme. The author's por- 17G IIISTOIIV, traits arc riclily drawn, and start, as it were, from the canvaa, with life-like vigour." — Revue Ency. vol. 2, p. 305. Voltaire (F. M. Arouet de) Le Siecle de Louis XIV. ct celiii de Louis XV. Paris, 1821, 4 vols. 8vo. and 12mo. " I finished the Sibcle de Louis XI f^, and helievc that Vol- taire had for this work an advantage Avhich he has seldom en- joyed. When he treats of a distant period, he is not a man to turn over musty, monkish writers to instruct himself. He fol- lows some compilation, varnishes it over with the magic of his etylc, and produces a most agreeable, superficial, inaccurate performance. But there the information, both written and oral, lay within his reach, and he seems to have taken great pains to consult it. Without any thing of the majesty of the great his- torians, he has comprised, in two small volumes, a variety of facts, told in an easy, clear, and lively style. To this merit he has also added that of throwing aside all trivial circum- stances, and chosing no events, hut such as are either useful or entertaining. His method (of treating every article in a dis- tinct chapter) I think vicious : as they are all connected in hu- man affairs, and as they are often the cause of each other, why separate them in History ? The first volume is much less inter- esting than the second ; arts and manners were a subject almost imtouched, but so many writers had exhausted the battles and sieges of Louis XlVth's reign, that it was impossibic to add anything new, especially in so confined an abridgement. Be- sides, those detached particulars wanted less that art of nar- rating, which Voltaire never possessed, with all his other ta- lents : I mean in prose, for there are some very fine narrations in his tragcJ.ies." — Gibbon's JM'tscellnneons IForks, vol. 2, p. 09. The great names which distinguish the reign of Louis XIV. HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 1/7 are thus classed by M. Blaury : " Louis XIV had at the head of his armies, Turenne, Conde, Luxembourg, Catinat, Crequi, Boufflers, 3Iontesquiou, Vendome and Villars ; Duquesne, Tour- vile and ^Toray directed his councils ; Bossuet, Bourdaloue and I\Iasillon instructed him in his duties. In his scjiate he had Mole and Lamoignon ; Tulon and d'Agucsseau. Vauban for- tified his cities ; Riquet planned his canals ; Perrault and Mansard erected his palaces. Paget, Girardon, le Poussin, le Sueur and le Brun embellished them. Lenotre laid out his gardens ; Corneille, Racine, Moliere, Quinault, La Fontaine, La Bruyere, Boileau, enlightened and amused him. Mont- ausier, Bossuet, Beauvilliers, Fenelon, Huet, Flechier, and the Abbe Fleury educated his children. At the head of this august assemblage of immortal genius, the first Royal Protector of the French Academy, proud of the nation to whose grandeur he has so much contributed, and supported by the great men of whom he was the distinguished patron, presents himself, thus gloriously attended, to posterity." — Histoire de TEmpire de Russie, sous Pierre- le-Grand. Paris, 1803, 2 vols. 18mo. " The author of this History has been accused of having made use of the same facts as in his History of Charles XII ; he has also been accused of having, in some instances, sacri- ficed truth to his love for antitheses and the marvellous. His introduction is dry ; his division into chapters has been greatly censured ; and some wits have entitled the Czar,/e Roi Chapitre. The success of the work has been chiefly owing to the charm of imagination for which its author is so much distinguished." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 4, p. 155. — Histoire de Charles XII. Paris, 1817, 1 vol. 8vo. N. 178 HISTORY. " We had noUiiiig worthy of mention relative to the History of Sweden, hefore the puhlication of Voltaire's Charles XII. It is his hest historieal composition. It is universally read and admired. Quintus Curtius has heen accused of having given his History of Alexander the air of a romance. The adventures of Charles XII are also of so singular a kind, that it is very possible the same accusation may, in after times, he brought against the historian of Charles XH." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 4, p. 160. " The Histoire de Charles XII, an author gravely asserts, has obtained for Voltaire the title of the French Quintus- Curtius. If this be the case, where shall we find his Alexander ? If not in the person of Charles, the eulogium is as much out of place, as the line of Pope — ' From Macedonia's madman to the Swede* is unjust, not to say absurd." — Craiifurd's Essais, S^^c. vol. 3, p. I2G. — Essai siir I'Histoire generale et sur les Moeurs ct TEsprit des nations, depu s Charlemagne jusquVi nos jours. Paris, 1757, 8 vols. 8vo. " The Essai sur V Histoire generate, written for JMadame du Chatelet, is in many respects worthy of admiration ; but the author's hatred of ihe Jews, and of the Christian religion, is sometimes carried beyond all reasonable bounds." — Craufiird's Essais, SfC. vol. 3, p. 128. BIOGRAPHY. INTRODUCTION. The branch of Biography will be found to be necessarily limited ; since the Books fre- quently classed under this head, are trans- ferred to the part of History and Historical Memoirs, to which we must refer the reader. The chief works to be found under the head of Biography are the principal Biographical Dictionaries, universal and otherwise. The most distinguished of these are the great Dic- tionary of Bayle, of well known character and celebrity ; the " Nouveau Dictionnaire histo- rique, &c." of Chauffepie, intended as an ac- companiment to Bayle ; and the " Biographie Nouvelle des Contemporains, &c." edited by MM. Arnault, Jay, Jouy, &c. The " Biographie Universelle, ancienne et moderne," &c. by M. de Barante, and a great number of the most popular writers of the day, should not go unnoticed ; it is a very able and highly important production. BIOGRAPHY. Bayle (Pierre). Dictioiinaire historique et critique, nouvelle edition, (xieme) augmentee de notes, ex- traite de Chauffepie, Joly, La Monnoie, Le- duchat, L. J. Leclerc, Prosper Marchand, &c. (publie par M. Beuchot). Paris, 1820- 24, 16 vols. 8vo. This edition combines, with the advantage of being in a more portable form, that of containing very important additions. The preliminary discourse, printed in the last volume, is an ex- cellent bibliographical notice upon the various editions of Baylc's Dictionary. The first edition of this work appeared in 1697, in four parts, 2 vols, folio. ** Bayle was a man of immense, but desultory reading : of a subtle understanding, invincible patience, and not less indomi- table industry. His Dictionary is as a Cornucopia of flowers — bright, blooming, and captivating ; but the roses have more than an ordinary share of keen and penetrating thorns. Take them up hastily, and your fingers will bleed for the avidity of your grasp. The notes are the grand field in which Bayle de- lighted to pour forth his multifarious knowledge ; and I have reason to believe that his ' Life of Nero' furnished a celebrated Greek quotation at a late ever-memorable state trial. But a further word respecting this extraordinary man. If he was sceptical, he was peaceably disposed in private life ; although J 84 BIOGRAPHY. constantly assailed l)y the bitterest enemies. Even his " mag- num opus," the Dictionary, was criticised before it appeared ; a practice, not confined to foreign countries. Jurieu, Saurin, and Le Clerc Avere unable, collectively, to rufllc the calmness of his temper, or embitter the sweetness of his retirement. Bayle was, in the republic of literature, what Lord North was in the House of Commons : calm and composed in the midst of tempest and whirlwind. His application will be scarcely , credited. He told Dcs iMaizeaux, in one of his letters, that from twenty to forty, he worked fourteen hours a day — ancTin fact, he never knew what leisure was. Read Niceron's most satisfactory article in his Memoires pour servir a Vliistoire dcs homines illustres, vol vi. p. 251-300 ; and his emendations, vol. X. p. 200, supplied from Des Maizeaux's life of Bayle, Avhich first appeared at the head of the Dictionary, published in 1730." — Dihdin's Lihrarjf Companion, p. 484. " The cclcbralcd Bayle had no other intentions when he com- menced his Dictionary, than that of correcting the numerous mistakes of JMoreri ; but the work thus begun, soon became one of the greatest importance." — Barhier's Escamcn Critique et Complement des Dictionnaires historiques, vol. 1, p. 2. " Bayle's Dictionary is a very useful work for those to con- sult, who love the bibliographical part of literature, which is what I love most." — Dr. Johnson, vide Boswell's Life of Johnson, vol. 1 , p. 333. " Upon the whole, I believe that Bayle had more of a certain multifarious reading than real erudition. Lc Clerc, his great antagonist, was as superior to him in that respect, as inferior in every other. * * * jf Bayle wrote his Dictionary to empty the various collections he had made, without any parti- cular design, he could not have chosen a better plan. It per- mitted him every thing, and obliged him to nothing. By the BIOGRAPHY. 185 double freedom of a dictionary and of notes, he could pitch on what articles he pleased, and say what he pleased on those articles." — Gibbon's Bliscellaneous Works, vol. 2, p. 62-64. BlOGRAPHIE, &C, Biofi^raphie Universelle, ancienne et moderne, ou Histoire, par ordre alphabetique, de la vie publique et privee de tous les hommes, qui se sont fait remarquer par leurs ecrits, leurs actions, leurs talens, leurs vertus ou leurs crimes, ouvrage entierement neuf, re- dige et signe par MM. Auger, de Barante, Beauchamp, Biot, Boissonade, Beuchot, Campenon, Clavier, Cuvier, Daunon, De- lambre, Feller, Fievee, de Gerando, Gin- guene, Guizot,Lacretelle, de Lally-Tolendal, Landou, Langlois, Malte-Brun, Michaud, Millin, Noel, Prony, Quatremere-de-Quincy, Raoul-Rochette, de Salabert,Sismondi, Suard, Walkenaer, Vanderbourg, Weiss, Willemain, et autres Gens de Lettres. Paris, 1811-27, 61 vols. 8vo. The success which this great collection has met with, and the distinguished names which grace the title page, sufficiently attest its merit. It already bears the stamp of authority, and has been translated and published in diiferent forms, in several languages of Europe. No work of the kind has been executed with greater care, or has had a greater number of talented con- tributors. 186 BIOGRAPHY. Biographie Universelle Classique, par M. le General Beauvais, et par uneSocietede Gens de Lettres, revue pour la partie bibliogra- phique, par M. Barbier, et par L. Barbier, fils. Paris, 1 vol. Svo. " This very useful and iiiterestins work contains the essence of a number of documents scattered through an immense quantity of volumes ; hut that which recommends it still more to the at- tention of the public, is, in our opinion, the good sense which pre- vails in e\-ery page. Facts only are given, entirely divested of captious interpretations, or hypothetical reasoning." — Revue Ency. vol. 33, p. 235. Biograpliie Universelle et Portative des Con- temporains, ou Diction naire historique des hommes celebres, &c. par line Societe de Pu- blicistes. Paris, 1 vol. Svo. " We consider this biographical work as the most impartial of all similar productions." — Revue Ency. vol. 31, p. 482. Biograpliie Moderne, ou Dictionnaire Biogra- pliique de tous les hommes morts, ou vivans, qui ont marque a la fin du 18 siecle, ou au commencement de celui-ci, par leur rang, leurs emplois, &c. Paris, 1806-7, 4 vols. Svo. " This work is interesting, we think, in various points of view. It presents us with the portraits of beings of whom almost all of us have heard ; and whose names we still recall with sensations of astonishment and terror. The biography of foreigners is indeed miserably scanty and erroneous but this branch evidently appears to have been executed without interest or exertion ; and forms a BIOGRAPHY. 1S7 remarkable contrast to the industry and ingenuity which have been exercised in collecting and detailing tlie opinions of the chief actors in the French Revolution. With regard to this part of the undertaking, too, our own recollections and our know- ledge of the sources of their information, enable us to judge with some confidence of their accuracy." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 14 p. 212. Biograpliie JSTouvelle des Contemporains, ou Dictionnaire historique et raisonne de tous les hommes, qui, depuis la Revolution Fran- caise, ont acquis de la celebrite, par leurs actions, leurs ecrits, leurs erreurs, ou leurs crimes, soit en France, soit dans les pays etrangers, par MM. A. V. Arnault, ancien Membre de I'lnstitut, A. Jay, E. Jouy, J. Norvins, et autres hommes de lettres, ma- g-istrats, et militaires : oriiee de 240 portraits, au burin, d'apres les plus celebres artistes. Paris, 1821, (continued.) " This work is conducted in excellent spirit, with great im- partiality and moderation." — Revue Enaj. vol. 10, p. 183. Brantosie, See History. BoissY d'Anglas (M. le Comte). Essai sur la vie, les ecrits, et les opinions de M. de Malesherbes. Paris, 2 vols. 8vo. " Few works are more deserving than this to fix the public at- tention, either from the interest of the subject or the name of the 18G BIOGRAPHY. author. M. Boissy d'Anglas is one of the few public men who es- caped the terrible shock of the Revolution and is best able, there- fore, to furnish valuable materials for the history of that memo- rable period." — Revue Ency. vol. 2, p. 295. BuRiGNY (M. de). Vie d'Erasme. Paris, 1757, 2 vols. 12mo. " It is a work of great reading. As M. de Burigny proposed connecting with his history a general account of the sciences, and religion during his time, he has very deeply considered his sub- ject. His style and reflections are suited to a man of sense and modesty, who neither pretends to, nor possesses the least share of, genius. Upon the whole the book is a perfect contrast to most fashionable French ones, since it is useful without being brilliant.'* — Gibbon's 3Uscellancous JVorhs, vol. 2, p. 74- Chaudon (I'Abbe). Dictionnaire historiqne, oil histoire abregee des hommes de genie, &c. 6 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1772. " The x\bbe Chaudon deserves the greatest praise for having, after fifty years research, enriched the republic of letters, with his historical dictionary ; a work, which from the moderation of its principles, and the manner in which it is executed, will ever entitle hira to the respect of all impartial persons. This Dictionary, which was first published in 177G, in four volumes, was extended to thirteen, when, in 1804, the Abbe Chaudon published the last edition, conjointly with M. Delandine." — Revue Ency. vol. 1, p. 147. Dictionnaire historiquc, ou Histoire abregee BIOGRAPHY 189 des hommes, qui se sont fait un nom, par F. X. Feller. 'Liege, 1797, 8 vols. 8vo. " This Dictionary (says Brunet) is no other than the Dic- tionnaire historique of M. Chaudon, edited and retouched by the Jesuit (Feller). It was reprinted iu Paris, in 1817, in 8 vols. 8vo. with a supplement of 4 quarto volumes." Chauffepie (Jacques George de). Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et critique, pour servir de suite d celui de Bayle. Am- sterdam, 1750-56, 4 vols, folio. " As a continuation ofBayle's Dictionary, M. Chauffepie, a mi- nister at Amsterdam, published in 1750 and following years, four volumes of supplement, chiefly translated from the English. This author speaks of religion w ith respect, and differs from Bayle, not only in this, but in his style which is heavy and confused. His ar- ticles abound sometimes with curious, sometimes with useless mat- ter. As however this compilation contains things which are not to be found elsewhere, it should find a place in every complete library." — Barbicr's Bibl. vol. 4, p. 220. CoMiNEs (Philippe de,) See History. CONDORCET (M.) Vie de Voltaire. Kehl, 1789, 1 vol. 8vo. *' The Marquis de Luchet, the Abbe Duvernet, and Con- dorcet published each a life of Voltaire, who was known to all of them, but was more particularly the friend of Condorcet. The work of the Marquis de Luchet is nothing more than a sort of commentary on what Voltaire has related of himself ; 190 BIOGRAPHY. lliouffh he l>as thrown some light oiithe causes which occasioned the departure of Voltaire from Berlin. Duvernet is very dif- fuse, and relates, in rather a loose style, a number of anecdotes, the truth of many of which is not sufficiently attested. Con- dorcet possessed advantages which the others could not boast of • consequently he is most read, and his account is the best we have of Voltaire. Those of M. Le Pan and M. Mazure, of later date, are not entitled to much consideration." — Revue Encij. vol.21, p. 195-6. Dangerville (Moiifle). La Vie privee de Louis XY. Paris, 1781, 4 vols. 12mo. " This work is attributed to M. Dangerville. It has had a o-reat run ; the author describes every action of this Prince with f^reat fidelity ; he does not even omit his foibles, which operates against the moral character of the book. Some very- curious documents are affixed to it ; such as the Parliamentary Memoir against the Peerage ; the Philippics of La Grange- Chancel, &,c."—B(irMer's Bibl. vol. 3, p. 443. D'AuviGNY (Castres). Les vies des hommes illustres de la France, avec la continuation, par I'Abbe Perau et Turpin. Paris, 1739-57, 27 vols. 12mo. " D'Auvigny had pul)lished while living eight volumes of this work: the first six contain the lives of the ministers of our kings, from the reign of Louis VII, to that of Louis XIV, inclusively. The lives of the Warriors commencing wnth the seventh volume, Iiy Charles Martel, who was 3Iaire die Palais, under the reign of Dagobert, and the following kings. Ten volumes of this BIOGRAPHY. 191 work were written by D'Auvigny," — Barbier's Bill. vol. 4, p. 63. GuYON (Madame). Vie de Madame Guyon, ecrite par elle-meme. Cologne, 1792, 3 vols. 8vo. " Her Life (says Butler, in his Works, vol. 3, p. 53,) is written with vivacity, and in some parts of it, pleases by its piety ; but it abounds with vanity and enthusiasm. The late Mr. John Wesley translated it into English ; in his preface to it, he says '•' Such another life as that of Madame de Guyon, I doubt whether the world ever saw. It contains an abundance of excellent things — uncommonly excellent; several things, which are utterly false and unscriptural ; nay, such as are dan- gerously false. As to Madame Guyon herself, I believe, she was not only a good woman, but good in an eminent degree ; deeply devoted to God, and often favoured with uncommon communications of his spirit." Ladvocat (J. B.) Dictioiinaire historique et bibliographique por- tatif, edition augmentee, par G. Le Clerc. Paris, 1777, 3 vols. 8vo. " This is the last edition of an esteemed work, which has become scarce, and it is to be wished that a new one should be given, corrected and enlarged." — Br imet's Manuel du Libraire. Le Clerc (Jean). La Vie du Cardinal, Due de Richelieu. Co- logne, (Amsterdam,) 1694, 2 vols. 12mo. 192 BIOGRAPHY. " An impartial life of a great Minister, of whom, between the panegyrics of his flatterers, and the satires of his enemies, it was difficult to discover a just medium." — Curiosities of Li- terature, vol. 3, p. -VIS. This work was published anonymously, but the edition of 1714, in 3 vols, and that of 1753, in five volumes, in I'imo. bear the name of the author. Marchand (Prosper). Dictionnaire historique, ou Memoires critiques et litteraires, concernantla vieet les ouvrages de diverses personiies distinguees dans la re- publique de lettres. La Haye, 1758, 2 torn, in 1 vol. folio. " This work is particularly calculated for persons who feel an interest in bibliographical details, and in discussions connected with literary subjects. The erudition of the author is immense, but his style is harsh and unpalateable. This work, which oc- cupied Marchand during forty years, is the result of vast reading, and immense researches. It is a valuable addition to the Dictionaries of Bayle and Moreri." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 4, p. 221. Marmontel (M. de). Memoires posthumes de Marmontel, imprimes sur le manuscrit de I'auteur. Paris. 1804, 4 vols. 12mo. " Wc arc not sure that we have perused any book, since the commencement of our critical career, that has afforded us more entertainment than these little volumes. They were written BIOGRAPHY. 193 in the author's declining years, for the use of his children ; and are tinctured no douht with the garrulity of age, as well as over-hurdencd with petty anecdotes and trifling details, which cannot be expected to command an extensive interest. But the narrative is, upon the whole, so gay and airy, the tone of sentiment so mild and unassuming, and the living pictures with which the busiest part of the scene is crowded, so full of delicacy, truth, and vivacity, that it is impossible not to be charmed with the greater part of the performance." — Edinburgh Review, \o]. 7, p. 3.58. MoRERi (Louis). Le grand Dictionnaire historique : nouvelle edition, dans laquelle on a refondu les supple- mens de I'Abbe Goujet ; revue et augmentee par Drouet. Paris, 1759, 10 vols, folio. " This (says Brunct,) is the twentieth, the last, and best edition of a work, which, notwithstanding its numerous errors, is a A'ery useful one. The first, and the only one which was published in the author's life-time, appeared at Lyons, in 1674, in one vol. folio." *' This work, like the water of the fountain-head, lost in the expanse of the river, retains scarcely any thing but the name of its original planner. The materials have been so corrected and enlarged, that according to Voltaire, it resembles a new city built on the ancient plan." — Dibdin's Library Companion, p. 483. MoNTPENsiER (Mademoiselle de). Les Memoiresde Mademoiselle de Montpensier. Amsterdam, 1735, 8 vols. 12mo. reprinted in 1776. O 194 BIOGRAPHY. MoTTEviLLE (Madame de). Memoires jiour servir 'd I'liistoire de Louis XIII. et a la Regence d'Anne d'Autriche. Amster- dam, 1723, 5 vols. 12mo. " These Memoirs, although written with extreme negligence, are nevertheless sufficiently communicative many particulars and anecdotes, which are not wholly indifferent. Those of Madame de I\fotteville are Letter deserving of perusal, bating her extreme attachment to Anne of Austria, an attachment sufficiently praise-worthy in friendship, but a little suspicious in history." — La Harpe's Coars de Litter ature,\o\. 7, p- 170. " The Memoirs of iMadenioiselle Montpensier are written with an elegant simplicity, but too crowded with minutiae and tribes."— Barbier's Bibl. vol, 4, p. 23. JSTicEROxN (Le Pere). Memoires pour servir a Thistoire des hommes illustres daus la republique des lettres, avec quelques notices, par le P. Oudin, J. B. Mi- chault et I'Abbe Goujet. Paris, 1729-45, 44 vols. 12mo. " Tliis seems to be the proper place to make mention, and most honourable mention, of a work, under the title of Memoirs, which is rather perhaps in the nature of a Biographical Dic- tionary, but which for intrinsic merit, and general utility, is greatly superior to most publications of the kind. It is the work of Niceron." — Dibdhi's Library Co7npanio7i, p. 547. Pathay (M. y. D. Musset). Histoire de la Vie et des Ouvracfcs de J. J. BIOGRAPHY. 195 Rousseau, composee de documcns authen- tiques, et dout une partie est restee inconnue, jusqu'a ce jour ; d'une biograpliie de ses con- tempora ns, consideres dans leurs rapports avec cet homme celebre, suivie de lettres ine- dites. Paris, 1821, 2 vols. 8vo. " The history of the life and writings of Rousseau abounds in valuable details, and useful and interesting reflections. We may say that the reader cannot be made completely acquainted with Rousseau, witlxout reading this work. It is an indispensable appendage to the literary labours of the citizen of Geneva." — Revue Encij. vol. II, p. 125. Perrault (Charles). Les Hommes ilUistres qui out paru en France, pendant ce siecle, avec leurs portraits, au na- ture!. Paris, 1696-1700, 2 torn, in 1 vol. M. " There is no previous work to be put iu competition with this, and the engravers are worthy of the illustrious characters, whose physiognomies v.ill go down to posterity from the magic of their burin. The principal engravers are Edelinck and Nanteuil, and those v/ho wish to possess right copies mast see that the heads of Arnauld and Pascal be there, as on their ap- pearance, the bile of the Jesuits was moved to such a pitch, that they caused their suppression in many of the copies of this first edition, but they were triumphantly restored, and the ce- lebrity of Port Royal was exalted by an adaptation of the fol- lowing passage from Tacitus, to the suppression of their portraits: ' PrcBfulgehant Cassius atque Brutus eo ipso quod effigies eorum non videhanturr'—Bibdin's Library ConipanioJi, p. 497. 196 BIOGRAPHV. Prev osT (Pierre). Notice de la Vie et des Ecrils de George Louis le Sage, de Geneve, Membre de TAcademie et de I'liistitut de Boulogne, &c. redige d'apres ses notes. Geneve, 1805, 1 vol. 8vo. " The biographical sketch here announced, has more than an ordinary claim to the attention of the reader. The subject of it is a philosopher, who, beside the peculiarities incident to genius, had several that belonged exclusively to himself. These he was careful to study and explain ; and the notes which he has left behind him, seem to entitle him to the rare eulogy of having gi- ven an accurate and candid delineation of his own character. His biographer too, had the advantage of being intimately acquainted with the person whom he has undertaken to describe, and has been attentive to mark whatever appeared singular in the con- stitution or progress of his miud.'' — Eduiburgh Review,\o\. 10, p. 137. Retz, See History. Staal (Madame de). Memoires de Madame de Staal (nee Launai). Paris, 1755, 4 vols. 12mo. "If far beneath the magisterial dignity of d'Aguesseau ; the lufly conflicts of Cardinal de Retz ; the elegant literary career of Mr. Gibbon, or the learned ease of Huetius, it had been the lot of the Reminiscent, to move in a very low condition, yet to have seen, observed, and read much, and he had felt a wish to communicate his obscure adventures, and his reflections on them to the public, he could not have desired a better pen than that of IMadamc dc Staal. Her memoirs are written with great purity BIOGRAPHY. 197 of language, her wit sparkles in every page of them." — Butler's Reminisences, vol. 2, p. 31-8. " We may now take a peep at the female correspondents (]Ma- dame de Deffand's) in the first rank of whom we must place Ma dame de Staal, so well known to most of our readers hy her charm- ing Memoirs. This Lady was attached to the Court of the Duch- ess of Maine ; and her letters, independent of the wit and pene- tration they display, are exceedingly interesting from the near and humiliating view they afford of the miserable ennui, the self- ishness and paltry jealousies which hrood in the atmosphere of a court." — Edinburgh Review, Vol. 15, p. 470. BELLES LETTRES, &c. INTRODUCTION. The works mentioned under the head of Belles Lettres, are necessarily of a miscellaneous character, since many have found a place in this branch, to w hich it was difficult, and sometimes impossible, to appropriate one in any other department. On the study of the Belles Lettres, the excellent work of Rollin still maintains the high character which it has acquired, from the learning, the taste, and (he piety of its es- timable author. Next to this, the book likely to be perused with greatest advantage, is, per- haps, Fleury's " Choix des Etudes." On the his- tory of early French literature, especially of the Troubadours, the work of Saint-Palaye, as edited by Millot, and the collection of Ray- NOUARD are well deserving of attention. The " Cours de Litterature" of La Harpe, though faulty, in many respects, ought to be read by every one who wishes to become acquainted with the subject it treats of ; and if to this be added the more modern compositions of Barante and of Chenier, on the same subject, a consi- 202 INTRODUCTION. derablc knowledge may be obtained of French literature. The high reputation enjoyed by the works of Madame de Stael, especially by those entitled *' De I'Allemagne" and " De la Litterature," renders it necessary merely to mention her name, in order to suggest the pro- priety of their forming a part of every library. M. SiMONDE DE SiSMONDi's work On the Lite- rature of the South of Europe, being as much esteemed in England as it is on the Continent, it were unnecessary to recommend it to the reader. Of the different Literatures of Europe, short histories have lately been published, in Paris, under the title of " Resumes," and the subjects, although briefly, are in general, ably treated in them. In the branch of literature, denominated Bibliography, the French are parti- cularly rich, and the works of DeBure,Brunet, Barbier, and Peignot, so frequently quoted in the course of the present work, do great credit to their taste and their industry, and are equal if not superior, to the productions of the authors of any country, who have written on the same subject. BELLES LETTRES, &c. ACADEMIE FrANCAISE. Diction naire de 1' Academic Franoaise. Paris, 1798, 2 vols. 4to. "■ This is one of our most celebrated worki5 of this class. It is, however, rciuarkahle for the ahsence of all method, of ety- mological order, and for the want of clear definitions, and cor- rect deductions. We may here ohserve, for the satisfaction of those who are fond of the minor details of literary history, that the first edition of this Dictionary, puhlished in 1694, is principally the work of the Ahhe Regnier des Marais ; the Epistle Dedicatory to the King, and the Preface are due to Francois Cliarpentier. Mirabeau had a considerable share in the Third Edition, which appeared in 1740 ; and Duclos in the fourth, which appeared in 1762. M. D. Garat is the author of the Discours Preliminaire." — Barlier's Bihl. vol 3, p. 162. Andrieux (M.) Contes et Opuscules, en vers et en prose, suivis de poesies fugitives. Paris, 1800, 1 vol. 8vo. " This small collection ought to obtain for their author the title of Conservateur of French gaiety and grace. Few pro- ductions better merit the description which Madame de Se- vigne gave of the Fables of La Fontaine : " They are a pottle 204 BELLES LETTRES, &c. of strawberries, of which we begin by selecting the finest, and finish by eating the whole." — Pougens' Bibliotk^que Frayicaisc, N(». 3, p. 06. Bailly (J. S.) Discours et Memoires. Paris, 1790, 2 vols. 8vo. " We have perused this collection with pleasure, as the pieces contained in it display the sJime philosophical turn of sentiment, and elegant style of composition, which we have ad- mired in M. Bailly's larger works. The first volume chiefly consists of what the French call Eloges, a species of compo- sition to which we are not very partial, and which requires great merit in the subject, and great judgment in the orator. We cannot, however, refuse our approbation to the discourses before us, which confirm our esteem for the philosophic and literary abilities of their ingenious author," — Monthly Review^ vol. 4, p. 53L Barbier (A. A.) Nouvelle Bibliotheque d'lin Homme de Gout. Paris, 1817, 5 vols. 8vo. This is one of the best Bibliographical works in any language. The criticisms are ably compiled, and couched in elegant and comprehensive terms. It is a sure authority for all the best works in the French language. The reader will easily judge of the estimation in which we hold this work, by the frequent ex- tracts we have made from its valuable pages. — Dictionnaire des Ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes, &c. seconde edition. Paris, 1822-27, 4 vols. 8vo. BELLES LETTRES, &c. 205 *' The first edition of this celebrated work of M. Barbier contained 12,403 articles ; the second, 23,647. In 1807, M. Barbier was appointed private Librarian to Bonaparte. To be useful was constantly the aim of this friend to Literature ; he prided himself on having, in the present work, shewn up a number of plagiarists ; discovered and rectified many literary errors ; and brought to light many productions which were thought to be lost ; such as La Fontaine's Ballad of Escobar, Rousseau's Letter to Grimm, several pieces of Voltaire and Condorcet, the unpublished Memoir of Louis XIV. on the mis- conduct of the Marquis de Barbezienx, &c." — Revue Ency. vol. 32, p. 588. — Examen critique et Complement des Diction- naires historiques les plus reparidus, depuis le Dictionnaire de Moreri, jusqu'a la Eio- graphie universelle inclusivement. Paris, 1820, 1 vol. 8vo. " This new work of M. Barbier will serve as a supplement to the JVouveaii Dictionnaire historique of MM. Chaudoii and Delandine ; to that of de Feller ; to the Biographie uni- verselle of the Freres Michaud, &c. M. Barbier's critical re- marks are of a nature to excite great curiosity. His articles are decidedly novel, and such as are not to be found in any other dictionary." — Revue Ency. vol. 6, p. 590. Of this work, only one volume was published (A. to J.) when M. Barbier died, in 1825. Bayle, See Biography. Beauzee, See Girard. Brunet (J. C.) Manuel du Libraire et de I'Amateur de Livres, 206 BELLES LETTRES, &c. &c. troisieme edition. Paris, 1820, 4 vols. 8vo. " M. Brunei has had through his hands the greater part of the hooks, which he describes. The three first vsilumcs of his work contain ample details, in alphabetical order, relative to the first and best editions of all the most celebrated writers ; the fourth contains, systematically arranged, the titles of a vast number of productions, in every branch of science, and lite- rature. This volume forms a great picture of human know- ledge. At the end of this volume is also found a very extended notice of Latin, Italian, and French authors, printed by the Elzevirs. The entire work leaves nothing to be desired." — Revue Ency. vol. 8, p. 155. Carpentier (L. J. M.) Le Gradus Francais, ou Dictionnaire de la Langue poetiqiie. Paris, 1822, 1 vol. 8vo. " With some few imperfections, we still consider this an ex- cellent performance." — Revue Eyicy. vol. 18, p. 76. Cellerier (J. E.) Elemens de la Grammaire Hebraique, suivis des principes de la sjntaxe hebrarque, tra- duits librement de rAlleinand de Wilhelm Gesenius. Geneve, 1820, 8vo. " To those, who wish to study Hebrew with points through the medium of the French Language this beautifully printed volume will be particularly acceptable. That part of it which relates to the Syntax is particularly valuable, as it presents in a email compass the results of the researches made by Professor BELLES LETTRES, &c. 207 Gesenius, whose German Grammar of the Hebrew Tongue is in Germany considered as the completest system of Hebrew Gram- mar extant." — Home's Introd. &c. vol 2, p. 3 (Appendix.) ChejNier (Marie Joseph de). Tableau historique de I'Etat et des Progres de la Litterature Francaise, depuis 1789. Paris, 1816, 1 vol. 8vo. *' The man who wrote these volumes was a member of the most extraordinary assembly that ever legislated in a Christian country ; and a deputy to that convention, which by a majority of rive out of 721 voters, perpetrated one of the most alrocious acts of modern European History^ and condemned to death a monarch, of whom, without fear of being accused of Papal super- stition, we need say but this ; one of hisjudgcs opposed the sen- tence of death against him, upon the plea that Rome would take advantage of his martyrdom, to canonize his virtues. * -s^ * While some were defending the cause of liberticide and anarchy in the forum, he (Chenier^ was writing revolutionary tragedies; and instead of the constitutions which others had framed for the French people, he presented his constituents with patriotic hymns in praise of juridical murder. He was the bard rather than the legislator of assassination. * * * His account of French literature since 1789, however is interesting, for the very reason that it is drawn up by a person initiated in its worst mysteries. It may in some measure be regarded as a continuat.'G:f'',f the Ta- bleau which Lacrctelle has given of the 18th Century, in his His- tory of France during that period." — Ediniurgh Revieiv , vol. 3, p. 158-9. This work, which redounds greatly to the honor of Chenier is now well known and appreciated: it has placed its author 208 BELLES LETTRES, &c. among onr best Critics, among the small number of those whose names may be quoted as authorities in matters of Literature." — Revue Ency. vol. 10, p. 424. COURTIN AND OtHERS. Encyclopedie Moderne, publiee par M. Cour- tin, et par une Societe de Gens de Lettres. Paris, 8vo. This work is in the course of publication. Among the Con- tributors to this excellent Modern Encyclopedia, may he re- marked, Arnault, Azais, Jouy, Orfila, Tissot, Benjamin Con- stant, Lanjuinais, Picard, &c, &c. Debure (G. F.) Bibliographie Instructive, ou Traite de la connoissance des livres, &c. Paris, 1763-82, 10 vols. 8vo. " This work may still be consulted with advantage, though some subsequent Bibliographers have detected mistakes in it. Vol. 7 contains a Notice of the works printed in the fifteenth century, and described in the first six volumes. The tenth or last volume contains a table designed to facilitate the discovery of the anonymous books cited in the preceding volumes." — En- cyclopcedia Metropolitana, part 9, p. 238. " De Bure is in every one's hands ; but since his time, more satisfactory knowledge on the subject of rare books has been ob- tained. His work nevertheless comprehends much important matter, and should necessarily form a part of every Bibliogra- phical Collection." — Bcloe's Jlnecdotes of Literature, 8fc. Tol. 3, p. IL (Prcf.) BELLES LETTRES, &c. 209 Mercici- inserted in the Trevoux journal ('ITCS) three crit- ical articles on the first volume of the Bihliograpliy, to which De Bare replied in two Letters printed separately. Degerando (M.) Le Visiteur duPauvre. Paris, 1826, 1 vol. 8vo. " If the character and the works of M. Dcgerando wore un- known to us, his P^isiieur da Pauvre would be sufficient to shew us in him, the practical philanthropist, who often sat by the bed- side of the poor, in the hour of sickness endeavouring to trace the moral cause of their sufferings. It would also be sufficient to prove Iho author to be a man profoundly versed in speciilativo philosophy." — Revue Ency. vol. 31, p. G18. — De TEducation des sourds-muets de nais- sance. Paris, 1827, 2 a^oIs. 8vo. " By the production of this work, in Vi'hich is displayed pro- found erudition, and a spirit of the purest pliilanthropy, ^Ir Degerando has done himself equal honor as an author, and as a man." — Revue Ency. vol. 35. p. 433. Dessessarts (N. L. M.) Les Sieclcs litteraires de la France, oa nouveau dictioimaire historique, critique, et biblio- graphique de tons les ecrivains fraiirais, morts et viv^ans, jusqu'a la fin du dix-luiitierae siecle. Paris, 1800, 4 vols. 8vo. " The title of this work su/Ticiciitly explains the intention of the author, and we will presume to assert that he has neglected nothing to render the execution worthy of the design." — Pou- gens' Bill. Franc. No. 10. p. 22. P 210 BELLES LETTRES, &c. Dictioiinaire bibliographique choisi, du quin- zieme siecle. Briixelles, 1805, 3 vols. 8vo. " A most elaborate Avork, to which all Bibliographers arc indoba'd fur a fund of interesting and important information. The first volume contains an able sketch of the History of printing in Europe ; the second and third present descriptions of the principal editions printed in the fifteenth century." — En- cijclopcedia Metropolitana, Part 9. p. 538. Diderot and others. Encyclopedie, ou Dictionnaire raisornie des sciences, des arts, et des metiers, par MM. Diderot, d'Alembert, &c. 36 vols, large 8vo. with 3 vols, of plates, 4to. " The project of composing the Encyclopcrdia is said to have been first conceived by Diderot, and to have been imparted by him to D'Alembert. AVe have heard too that the preliminary discourse of which the latter assumed the merit, Avas, in fact, conceived by Diderot, who, too indifTorcnt to reduce it to print himself, communicated his ideas in conversation to D'Alembert, by whom they were thrown into their present form. Be this as it may, Diderot was the soul of the undertaking, the first two volumes of which appeared in 1751. JMany were the contri- butions towards its progress ; and the unequal merit of the articles inserted, sulficiently showed the unequal capacity of the writers, who, notwithstanding, were selected from the most eminent men of France. The public applauded, the government was puz- zled what part to take, and the contempt of all established principles made, to the full, as rapid a progress as the destruction of prejudices. The Encyclopoedia, sometimes forbidden, some- times applauded at court, underwent all the vicissitudes of. BELLES LETTRES, &c. 211 fashion, before the vainest and most empty of tribunals." — Quarterly Review, vol. 27, p. 168. Condorcet thus eulogizes the Discours pri'liminairc of D'Alembert : " It is distinguished for tbe display of a vast ex- tent of knowledge; a style, clear, noble, energetic, with all the seriousness which the subject demands, and all the ease and point which it admits. It is altogether a composition which not more than two or three individuals in an age are able to produce." Du Beffand (Madame). Correspondance inedite de Madame Du Deffand avec D'Alembert, Montesquieu, Le President Renault, La Duchesse de Maine, &c. Paris, 1809, 3 vols. 12mo. " This Lady seems to have united the lightness of the French character with the solidity of the English. She was easy and volatile, yet judicious and acute ; sometimes profound and sometimes superficial. She had a wit playful, abundant, and well-turned ; an admirable conception of the ridiculous, and great skill in exposing it ; a turn for satire which she indulged, not always in the best-natured manner, yet with irresistible effect; powers of expression varied, appropriate, flowing from the source, and curious without research ; a refined taste for letters, and a judgment both of men and books, in a high degree enlightened and accurate." — Quarterly Review, vol. 5, p. 499. " As this Lady's House was for fifty years the resort of every thing brilliant in Paris, it is natural to suppose, that she her- self possessed no ordinary degree of attraction, and to feel an eager curiosity to be introduced even to that shadow of her conversation which we may expect to meet with in her cor- •212 BKLLES LETTRES, &c. respondenca. Though greater part of the Letters were addressed to her by various correspondents, yet the few which she does write are strongly marked with the traces of her peculiar cha- racter and talent, and the whole taken together, give a very- lively idea of the structure and occupation of the best French Society, in the days of its greatest splendour." — Edinburgh Review, vol 15, p. 459. Du Hamel, Fontenelle, &c. Histoire et Memoires de I'Academie des Sci- ences, avec les suites. Paris, 164 vols. 4to. " The history of this Academy, founded by Louis XIV. (under the direction of the Minister Colbert) to the year 1697, was •written by Du Mamel, and continued by Fontcnclle, under the following titles : Du Hamel, Historin Regi(e Academi(B Scien- tiarum — Hififoire de VAcademie Royale des Sciences, 8fC. from its estalilishnient in 1066, down to 1699, in 13 vols. 4to. * * * In 1793, the Academy was abolished by a decree of the Convention, as being a royal establishment, and a new one formed, bearing the name of the National Institute." — Fourth Division of the Eiicy. Metro, p. 60. DUVIVIER (C. P. G.) Grammaire des Grammaires, ou Analyse rai- sonne des meilleurs Traites sur la langue franyaise, cinquieme edition. Paris, 1822, 8vo. The number of editions this work has gone through (to each of which in succession, the author has made very important ad- BELLES LETTRES, &c. 213 ditions) is a sufficient test of its merit. Its arrangement is strictly methodical ; and it treats the whole subject in a most masterly and luminous style. To the work is added a copious and ex- tremely useful index. Epinay (Madame d'). Memoires et Correspondance. Paris, 1818, 3 vols. 8vo. " There used to be in Paris, under the anclen regime, a few women of brilliant talents, who violated all the common duties of life, and gave very pleasant little suppers. Among these supped arid sinned Madame d'Epinay — the friend and companion of Rousseau, Diderot, Grimm, Holbach, and many other literary- persons of distinction of that period. Her principal lover was Grimm, with whom was deposited, written in feigned names, the history of her life. Grimni died — his secretary sold the historj- — the feigned names have been exchanged for the real ones; and her works now appear abridged, in three volumes oc- tavo. "^ * * It is a lively entertaining book ; relating in an agreeable manner, the opinions and habits of manj'^ remark- able men ; mingled with some very scandalous and improper passages which degrade the whole work." — Editiburgh Review ^ vol.31, p. 44. Fenelon. Del'Edacationdes Filles. Paris, 1807, 1vol. 12mo. This excellent little work should be in the hands of all who take a share, or feel an interest in the education of youth. — Lettres inedites de M. de Fenelon, avec 2 11 BELLES LETTRES, &c. deux Memoires, publies par M. I'Abbe de la Bouderic. Paris, 1824, 1 vol. 8vo. " These Letters have been copied from the originals in the archives of the Vatican. They prove still further what has al- ready been advanced in the Supplement a la Vie de Fen'elon, by M. Tabaraud, that after having been subject to condemnation at Rome, he still defended with the utmost zeal, the famous Bull, Unigenitus." — Revue Encij. vol. 22, p, 450. — Dialogues sur I'Eloqueiice. Paris, 1740, 1 vol. 12 mo. This work, which is written v/ith all the taste that might have been expected from the author of Telemaque, may be read with advantage, by all who take an interest in the subject. Fleury (I'Abbe). Traite dii Choix et de la Methode des Etudes, edition augmeiitee. Nismes, 1784, 12mo. " The whole breathes a spirit of truth and virtue, together with that clearness and strength of reason, and that superior good sense, which is more uncommon than wit, and almost as rare as genius. The author was a Roman Catholic and a priest ; but this fault is perceived by those only who are neither tho one nor the other. Tie begins by the history of education, in dillbrent countries, of which he gives us a beaiitiful picture. That of the Greeks alone was philosophical and national. Tho want of an accurate education among the Romans was supplied by virtue and natural good sense. The studies of the barbarians of the North were as barbarous as themselves. To ages of ignorance succeeded those of thef pretended philosophy of Aris- totle, the Arabs, and scholastics. The humanists of the 15th century revived the knowledge of the ancients. From all these BELLES LETTRES, &c. 215 united, is composed that chaos of learning, taught in our Uni- versities and Colleges, alike destitute of system, order, and uti- lity. The Abbe Fleury, who wishes to bring down science from the heavens to the earth, proposes a plan equally short and reasonable, combining the care of the body and mind, with the knowledge of economy of laws. A Frenchman justly reckons history and politics among those studies which are rather curious than useful. The citizen of a free country regards them as in- dispensable. To this Treatise, the Abbe Fleury has added a Discourse on Plato." — Gibbon's Miscellaneous JVorlcs, vol. 2, p. 273. GiRARD (I'Abbe). Synonymes francais, edition angmentee par N. Beauzee. Paris, 1798, 2 vols. 12mo. " The public has been long in possession of the Synonymes Francais of the celebrated Abbe Girard, in which the minute difference, existing between words that at first sight appear equivalent and convertible, are pursued and unfolded, with so much delicacy and clearness, as to render a work of mere ver- bal criticism highly interesting as well as instructive." — Monthly Review, vol. 56, 1808. An enlarged edition of this useful and interesting work, has been published under the following title — — Dictionnaire universe! des Synonymes de la Laogue francaise, contenant les synonymes de I'Abbe Girard, et ceux de Beauzee, Rou- baiid, d'Alembert, Diderot, et autres ecrivains celebres. Paris, 1810, 2 vols. 12mo. Graffigny (Madame de). Lettres d'une Peruvienne. Paris, 1798, 2 vols. ISmo. 216 BELLES LETTRES, &c. " The Peruvian Letters will please as lonj? as any taste for Literature exists. They arc a model of invention, pood taste, grace and wit, as well as of style." — Rev. Enci/. vol. 11, p. 393 " These Letters procured for the author a very extensive re- putation. Iksides these letters, Madame Graffii^ny wrote a Novel, called Lr maumis exemplo prodnit autant de vices que de vertn.s ,- and two theatrical pieces, the oi.e called CeniCy and the other La Fille d'Aristide." — Cnivfurd's Essais, 8fC. vol. '1, \\v 350. Grimm (Le Baron dc) and Diderot. Correspondance litteraire, pliilosophique et critique, addressee a iin Sou\ erain d'Alle- magne, depuis 1770 jiisq'en 1782, par le Ba- ron de Grimm et par Diderot, avec supple- ment. Paris, 1812, 7 vols. 8vo. " Of the mass of information and amusement, which this mis- cellaneous correspondence must have contained, it was notkncwn (says the editor of these volumes,) that any portion existed, until the discovery of the MSS. from which this selection is made, and which (we are ttdd) if printed entire, would have extended to three times the present quantity ; hut it was judged proper to curtail it of all the analysis of dramatic pieces, with which the original appears to have abounded, of various jcux d'esprit, and indeed (»f some entire w(u-ks of Diderot aiul others, which have since appeared in other forms before the public. These turtailments n\ighthave been considerably enlarged with- out injury to the book. * * * After all these curtailments, enough wouUl l)e left to fill two volumes out of the five which lie before us ; and these would form a magazine of good sense, lively anecdote, spirited criticism, and laughable whim, such as no collection of ana or table-talk that we are acquainted with exceeds, or even rivals." — Quartci'ly Review ^ vol. 9, p. 90. BELLES LETTRES, &c. 217 " This is certainly a vcrj' entertaining book, (hough a little too bulky, and the greater part of il not very important. We are glad to see it, however, not only because we arc glnd to see any thing entertaining, but also because it makes us unquaintcd with a person, of whom every one has heard a groat deal, and most people hitherto known little. There is no name which comes oftcner across us, in the recent hist(u-y of French lite- rature, than that of Grimm, and none perhaps, whose right to so much notoriety sceined to most people to stand upon such scanty titles. * * * The volumes before us help, in part, to explahi this enigma; and not only give proof of talents and accomplishments quite sufficient to justify the extensive reputation the author ei joyed among his contempora)ies, but also of such a degree of industry and exertion, as entitle him, we think, to a reasonable reversion of fame from posterity." —Edinhnrgh Review, \o\. 21, p. 203. " This is the most interesting collection of literary memoirs, of which not oidy France, but any other country can boast. Of its famf», Renouard not hiaptly observes, that " this voluminous collection has receiA'cd a certain fashionable support, and the perusal of it may be considered truly amusing — but only for those who have leisure. 'Tis an excellent work for the country." Whatever may be the degree of amusement found from the pe- rusal of these gossiping volumes, I will put it to the sound and impartial beads of our neighbours to say, whether they do not betray a state of society, in the upper classes, ripe for all the ruinous consequences of the revtdution which foUov/ed ? Grapes are not gathered from thorns, nor figs from thistles." — Dihdin's Library Compiinion, p. 547-S. GuiGNES (M. de). Dictioiinaire chinois, fran^ais, et Latin, publie 218 BELLAS LETTRES, &c. d'apres rordre de sa Majeste I'Empereur et Roi, Napoleon le Grand. Paris, 1S13. 1 vol. fol. *' The honour of giving to Europe the first printed Dictionary of the Chinese Language has heen reserved for M de Guignes. Under the auspices of ' Napoleon Ic Grand ' and the more effectual aid of a grant of money from the imperial treasury, he has produced a very splendid volume, which will be handed down to posterity among the number of those false and fal- lacious memorials of his patrons' love of literature and the fine Arts." — Quarterly Review, vol. 13, p. 56. GUINGUENE (P. L). Histoire litteraire d'ltalie, jusq'au sixieme siecle iuclusivement. Paris, 1811-19, 9 vols. 8vo. " With many claims to poetical reputation, on the Continent, which have been long admitted, M. Guinguene is best known in England, by his able and elegant work on Italian Literature." — Ladij 3Iorgan's France. " This work exhibits the most complete picture of the most celebrated epochs of Italian Literature. It abounds with in- teresting historical facts and literary observations. Guinguene made choice of a subject, affording abundance of materials, he has arranged every thing in order, and without seeking embellish- ment, he has succeeded in preserving all in its natural beauty and proportion. He discusses points, and analyses subjects neglected by Tiraboschi, in his voluminous History. The honorable reception which this production of M. Ginguen6 has met with in France, Italy, Germany, and England, demands a more extended notice than we can now give." — Renue Ency. vol. 21 p. 419. BELLES LETTRES, Sec. 219 It is necessary to notice that to these 9 volumes should be added a volume by M. Salfi as a necessary appendage to the History of the 16th Century, which Guinguene had left unfinished. Heaume (M. H, M. du). Voyage d'un jeune Grec a Paris, par M. du Heaume. Paris, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. " Another picture of Paris ! we have not sufficient, the author imagines ; though we have not yet forgotten Le Siamois of Dufresny, L'Espion Turc, Lcs Caracteres do, la Bniyere, the Lcttrrs persanes of Montesquieu, the Easriis of Duclos, the two Tableaux de Paris, of Mercier, the Petit Tableau of Madame de Sartory, and the Hcrmitc de la ChanXfe d'Antin. Will the present author make us better acquainted with the sub- ject than Pere Felibien, Andre de Valois, De Lamarre, Ramond de Poujet, I'Abbe Lebocuf, the celebrated Sainte-Foix, the Prince de Ligne, the Memoires historiques of Soulavie, theTableau his- torique at pittoresque de Paris of M. de Saint-Victor, and the Histoire civile, physique et morale de Paris of M. Dulaure ? It would not be difficult to point out many defects in this pro- duction of M. Mazier, still it must be allowed by the most rigid critic, that his work is that of a keen observer and good citizen, and may be consulted with profit and pleasure by the lovers of national glory." — Revue Ency. vol. 21, p. 190-1. Hennequin (M.) Esprit del'Encyclopedie,ouRecueil des Articles les plus curieux et les plus interessansde I'En- cyclopedie, &c. nouvelle edition. Paris, 1822, 15 vols. 8vo. 220 BELLES LETTllES, &c. " Of the many Editions of the Esprit, $^c this one of M. Hen- ncquin is the most complete ; and indicates more than others, the great pains taken hj^ its compiler. It contains most of the articles Siipnlii-d hy D'Alembcrt, (with his brilliant introdnction) and those of Diderot, jMarmontel, Jaucourt, tlie Ahhc IVIallet, as well as some of the articles of Voltaire, and Rousseau." — 'Revue Ency. vol. 18, p. 293. Jay et Joiy. Les Hermites en Prison, pour fairc suite d rHermite dela Chaussee d'Antin. Paris, 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. *' The chief contents of these volumes cannot he read without exciting the liveliest interest, possessing as they do a strong tinge of philosopliy united tor, very graceful and piquant style of writing. We are presented also with critical observations on the manners of the day, and, in short, these vidumes are a worthy continuation of the elegant pictures before presented by M, Jouy, and which have procured for him the title of the French Ad- disson." — Revue Ency. vol. 10, p. G8S. We arc of opinion with the Rcvno, that the principal con- tents of these volumes arc very interesting ; but at the same time, it may he as well to n(»tice, that the general opinion, is, as far as regards the whole works of M. Jouy, that the Hcrmite de la Chaussee d'Antin is by far the best of the collection. "We subjoin a list of the works of JM. Jouy, belonging to this class ; — L'Hermite de la Chaussee d'Antiu, 5 vols. 12mo. de la Guiane, 3 vols. BELLES LETTRES, &c. 221 L'Hermite en Ecosse, 2 vols. de Londres, 3 vols. en Italic, 4 vols. ' en Province, 12 vols. Guillaume le Franc-Parleur, 4 vols. Les Hermitcs en Liberie (with M. Jay) 4 vols. La Brute RE. Les Caracteres de la Bruyere, suivis des Carac- teres do Theophraste, traduits du Grcc, par le meine. Paris, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. "La Bruyere is j)erfeot, doubtless, as far as human observation can go, ho is l^oth profouml a)\d original in so inurh as to discourage all who would follou- in the same steps. But La Bruvcre has de- scribed men as he found them in the age of Louis XIV"; conse- quently, though man is the same in the abstract, his maimers un- dergo continual change; th;i society of the nineteenth century no more resembles that in which Dangeau and INLidame de Maintenon flourished, than our coiffures d la, Titns do the immense perukes of the age ef Louis Le Grand. We of the present day arc, there- fore entitled to our La Bruyere. M. Jouy has surveyed the surface; and Saint Prosper has sounded the depths of our mo- dern manner?." — Revue Ency, vol. 24, p. 759. La Harpe. Lycee, ou Cours de Litterature. Paris, 1816, 222 BELLES LETTRES, &c. 16 vols. o2mo. or as a superior ediliou, 16 vols. Svo. " If La Harpc was on his guard against the faults of his mas- ter, Voltaire, he never reached equal dramatic excellence, or rose to the same elevation of thought, or attained the same lucid style. Ilis genius, indeed, was not of the same order. Though he Avas master of a more easy and elegant diction than either D'Alemhert or Condorcet, it does not appear that like them he could boast the highest excellence in the occult sciences, but in judgment he was not inferior to either, while in correct- ness of taste he excelled them both, and well merited the de- signation bestowed on him, of the French Quintilian. Most parts of the Coursde Litterature may be compared to the works of the great artists ; they strongly attract the attention of all men, all feel delight in contemplating them ; and true judges are never weary of studying and examining them." — Monthly lievieiv, vol. ol, p. 453, " The Lijrcr of Laharpc is the best literary work which can be recommended Avithin the limits of those w^orks, eligible for the Prize granted by your IMajesty (Napoleon.J There is, it must be confessed, little originality in this work of Laharpe ; but originality united to great judgment, is seldom to be met with in a critical production. The Elements of Literature, by Marmontel, and the Essays of Diderot, on the Drama, contain many now ideas, but these are often questionable and sometimes wholly inadmissible ; and have acijuircd for their authors, an equivocal reputation. Rollin, in his Traite des Etudes only- treats of what was already known ; he never otTends the most ci'itical ear ; faithful to the precepts of Cicero and Quintilian,he contents himself with the fame of an able rhetorician. Voltaire is perhaps the only one among us, who, in matters of criticism, BELLES LETTRES, &c. 223 unites originality with truth. If Laharpe does not take so high a station, it must he allowed, that he has never corrupted the stream of pure Criticism. He is always classical." — Rap- ports de VInstitut, p. 108, (Classe de la Langue et de la Lit- ter at are Frangaise). Lemercier (N. L.) Cotirs analytique de Litterature generale. Paris, 1817, 4 vols. 8vo. " This work is more theoretical than that of La Harpe, and met in France, with a success which not a single voice op- posed." — Revue Ency. vol. 1, p. 505. L'EspiNAssE (Mademoiselle de). Lettres ecrites depuis I'annee 1773, jusqu'a I'au- nee 1776. Paris, 1809, 3 vols. 12mo. " Even if we did not know that she (Mademoiselle Lespi- nasse, ) was the chosen companion of D'Alembert, and the re- spected friend of Turgot, Condillac, Condor cct, and the first characters iu France, there are, in the very strange book before us, such traces of a powerful, generous and ardent mind, as necessarily to command the respect even of those who may be provoked with her inconsistencies, and wearied out with the vehemence of her sorrow. There is something so natural, so elegant, and so pathetic in her expression ; a tone of ardour and enthusiasm so infectious, and so much of the true and ao-onizing voice of heart-struck wretchedness, that it burdens us with something of the weight of a real sorrow ; and we are glad to make ourselves angry at her unaccountableness, in order to get rid of th.e oppression." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 15 p. 480* 224 BELLES LETTRES, &c. March AND (Prosper). Dictionnaire historique, ou Memoires litteraires et critiques. La Haye, 1758, 2 torn, in 1 vol. folio. " This book is interesting to tlioso who arc fond of Biblio- graphical detail, and long discussions on various literary sub- jects. It may serve also as a Supplement to the Dictionaries of Bayle and IMoreri. IMarchand was employed on this work for 40 years." — Barbier's Bill. vol. 4, p. 22L — Histoire de I'origine et des progres de I'im- primerie. La Haye, 1740, 4to. To this work should be added — Supplement a Thistoire de Tlmprimerie, de Prosper Marchand,ouadditions et corrections pour cet ouvrage, &c. par Mercier, Abbe de Saint Leger. Paris, 1775, 4to. The supplement is better done than the History which pre- cedes it ; nevertheless it is not free from imperfections, allow- ing even for the corrections which the author made to it in an article inserted in the Journal des Savans, in the year 1776- Marmontel (Jean-Francois). Les Elemens de Litterature. Paris, 1787, 6 vols. 8vo. and 12mo. "This work is the result of thirty years' meditalion, on the art of writing, and on the different kinds of composition. It BELLES LETTrcES, S:c. 225 was first published as a serio;; of ai'ticlos in ib^ E;icuclopv(Uc, but has siticp boon ir vised and p-roatly iioproved, liy the aiUbor- To obviate tbe disudvaiitau-o of a booK' wjilton in Ibis uncon- nected inanucr, JIanuoiitcl b;i.s added to ii, a iiiolbodical Index, by means of wbicb Ibe wor1< v.n\ bo read o-^ a rojnlar compo- sition, and \vhic)i irf ojic of tbe best things of tbe sort extant." — Burlier'.^ Bill. vol. 3, p. 9G. Massieu (i'Al)b6). Histoire de la Poesie framjalse. Paris, 1739, 12mo. " This work is iniporfoct ;biit sufTiciGntly indicates tbe taste and amenity nf its antbor. He speaks of (be v:Mse= of tbe Emperor Adrian, to his son], and tbo-e made by tbe Princess ^largaret before her shipwreclc : bi,t Ibose of Villon, after bis condemna- tion to a!i inriiiions death, are still more extraordinary." — Gih- bon's 3Iiscelkineon'i JVui'lcs, vol. -i.p. I Si. Maury (Le Cardinal). Essai sur I'Eloqucnce do la Chaire, Pant'gy- riques, Elopes, et Discours. Paris, ISIO, 2 vols. 8vo. " The first F.dition of this worlc was published above 30 years ago, without the author's permission. ■'•' * '•"' It abounds with curious aud useful infornuxtiou, and judicious criticism. But an Englishman must smile at the following exclamation which tbe Cardinal Archhisho]) addresses to tbe English nation, on the general merits of tbcii- oratory. 'lUustioas riisularies! I try to discover an orator, a real orator, among your sacred JMinisters, your writers, your Srcinbers of Parliament, of tl«3 O 226 BELLES LETTRES, &c. hij^hcst celebrity. Be it said, without offence to your glory, I find none, among you, worthy of that name ! ' The intrepidity of this address, is the more striking, as by the Cardinal Arch- bishop's own confession, he is wholly ignorant of the English language."— /rorZ-5 of C. Butler, vol. L5, p. 480. INlanry acquired much celebrity by his reparties- : some of which are worthy of being recorded. In the beginning of the Revolu- tion, when the mob executed at their pleasure the individuals against wIhihi their suspicions were directed, the lamp-irons served for gibbets, and the lines by which the lamps or lanterns were suspended across the street, were ready halters. Hence the cry of " Le,roachesof many, for having modern- ized the orthography of iMontaigne, althoiigli hy so doing, he had rendered him iiitelligihle to a greater nnml)er of readers. The grammatical notes which he has placed at the bottom of the page, though not all equally good, are generally very in> BELLES LETTRES, &c. 229 tercsting, mul it is to ho locrrettctl, therefore, that they have been omittod in the more inoderii editions. — Les memos, reviis ct coll;\tionnes siir uii ex- emplairc corrino de la main dc I'aiiteur, par Naiireon. Paris, Didot I'aiiie, an x. [1802,] 4 A'ols. 8vo. This odilioii is correctly printed, biit is not pleasant to the eye, r.nd has neither side-notes, nor table of contents. The edition of Naigeon was printed from one of the two copies left by iVfontaigne, at his death, with corrections in his own hand writing, but which see)ns to have been inferior to the other copy, r.sed by iMadcnioiselle de Gournay, in the edition above mentioned. — Les memes, nouvelle edition, (donnee par M^ Eloi Jolianneau), Paris, Lefevre : de I'imprimeric de Crapelet, 1818, 5 yoIs. 8vo. avec le portrait do Montai^aie, par Alex. Tardieu. This edition combines all the advantages of Nuigeon's, with several improvemeats, mentioned in the preface. It is, bej'ond all doitl)t, one of the best and most complete, that have ever been printed, of PJontaigne's prodnction. Besides the usual edition, printed on (ine paper, a hundred copies were struck on huge vellum jiaper, which, from their extreme beauty, are already becoming scarce. " I need scarcely siy that I leave entirely out of the account what constitutes (and justly constitutes) to the generality of readers, the principal charm of the Essay ; the good nature, hu- manity, and unaffected sensibility which so irresistibly attach us 230 BELLES LETTRES, &c. to his character — lending, it must be owned, but too often, a fas- cination to his talk, wlien he cannot be recommended as the safest of cojnpanions. Nor do I lay much stress on the inviting frank- ness and vivacity with which he unbosoms himself about all his domestic habits and concerns; and which renders his book so ex- pressive a portrait, not only of the author but of the Gascon country gentlemen two hundred years ago. I have in view chiefly the minuteness and good faith of his details concerning his own personal qualities, both intellectual and moral. The only study that seems ever to have engaged his attention was that of inan; and for this he was singularly fitted by a rare combination of that talent for observation which belongs to men of the world with those habits of abstracted reflection, which men of the world have commonly so little disposition to cultivate. He has accordingly produced a work tmique in its kind; valuable in an eminent degree, as an authentic record of many interesting facts relative to human nature; but more valuable by far, as holding up a mirror in which every individual if he does not see his own image, will at least occasionally perceive so many traits of resemblance to it, as can scarcely fail to invite his curiosity to a more careful review of himself." — Dissertation prefixed to the Supplemental voltones of the Encyclopedia Britannica, exhihiting a general view of the Progress of Metaphysical, Moral,. and Political Philosophy, in Europe, from the rC' vival of Letters, By Dugald Stewart, F. R. S. Sfc. p. 16. " Montaigne's immortal history of his own mind, for such are his "Essays," have assumed perhaps too modest a title, and not sufficiently discriminative." — Curiosities of Literature, vol. 1, p. 533. " As INIachiavel was the first who discussed grave questions in a vulgar tongue, and created a philosophy of History, so Montaigne was the first conspicuous writer who, in a modern language, philosophized on the common concerns of men, and BELLES LETTRES, &c. 231 the ordinary subjects of private reflection and conversation. The degree which nature claims in the diversity of habit, the efficacy of education, the value of the learned languages, the usages of society, the passions that actuate private life, and the singular customs of different nations, are the subjects chiefly handled in his essays. In the period from Socrates to Plutarch, such questions had been well treated before. Bat Montaigne was evidently the founder of popular philosophy, in modern times." — Edinburgh Revieiu, vol. 27, p. 222. " In the greater part of authors, (says Montesquieu) I see Vhovime qui ecrit, in Montaigne, Vliomme qui pen&e." Noel (F.) Dictionnaire de la fable, on Mythologie grecque, latine, egyptienne, celtique, persaniie, syri- aqiie, indierme, chinoise, scandinave, afri- caine, &c. Paris, 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. " This work, the most complete on the subject of which it treats, that has been published in France, or perhaps in any country, is well worthy the attention of the learned." — Pou- gens' Bihl. Franc. No. x. p. 123. Notices, &c. Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits de la biblio- theque du Roi, et d'autres bibliotheques, pu- blies par I'lnstitut royal de France, faisant suite aux Notices et Extraits lus au Coraite, etabli dans I'Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. Paris, 1818, vol. 10. 232 BELLES LETTRES, &c. "This voli'mo i^ tlividod liko llif^ prPccdinEr ones, into two parts: llie one dodiculcil lo A iallc, tuiil tlic oflK-r to European literature. Tli" one eoiil.iiiis iioliros, extracis, S:i'. in tlio arabic, pcrsian, and cliiiio.se cliaiactois and laapnagc ; and the other contains i^KH-k and latin inann^c) iji's. •'■ * "'^' The exist- ence and coiiliniiation of (his collection, oxhihiling such noble proofs ol" TreiMh li'era; y industry, arc liaidly snHiciently known or ap;)'''cialcd. ]!ow is it that so excellent an example is not follow eil by other European Governments?" — Rci\ Enc. a'o1.4, p. 503, Peignot (G.) Dictionnaire raisoniie dc Bil)liologic. Paris, 1S02-4, 3 vols. 8vo. This Dietioii!!, y expkiins (he dilVercnt terms relative lo Biblio- graphv, [>rinti4ia", lant;ai;i.'es, nuninscripts, &;c. and contains his- torical ).oticer' ol" iho ]u-inci]tal ancient and niodern libraries, the diiVeiont i»!iilosopliical sects, tho n]iilc, ou Traite du clioix des livrcs. Dijon, 1823, 2 vols. 8vo. " Tills conipil I'lioii 'O'ltains a great variety of useful and cu- rious information relative to the formation and arranaeraont of a library. The second volume, besides a biographical and cri- tical account (in alphabetical order) of the most distinguished writers ancient and luodern, contains a useful classed catalogue of the best works in every department of literature." — Ency. Metropol. part 9, p. 538. BELLES LETTRES, &c. 233 Perigord (A. B. (le). Nouvel Alinanacli des Gourinaiifls, servant de giiim:i v.ould oat liis latlior/' and many other ^lassages of -imilar bi-illiau( y, v.ill be jemcnibercd at once. \^'c are sorry to say thr.l bi'< ^^llCcessor. in the A'aurel Almanncli (Je-9 GoiiDuunds has not succeeded in rivalling bis chimerical vein for a luonieiit. -\nd yet (liore is now and then a readable article in (be book, but (liey are ' iew a'od far be- tween.' TIk' best joke wi; f^e is the map piefixcd to ca<;b of the three volumes which exhibits v.iih gc(»grapbical accuracy, th'ivarions edible and pntnble productions of France, de]>icted upon the spots v.-bere they arc to be found." — Foreign Quar- terly Renieiv, vid. 1, p. 17--3. PouHENS (Charles). Arclieologie frant;aise, ou V ocabulaire des mots anciens tombes eu desuetude, et propres k 234 BELLES LETTRES, &e. etre restitues au langage moderne. Paris, 182.5. 2 vols. 8vo. " This is a uspful and patriotic work. It is alphabetically arranged. Each letter has two divisions. The first consists of the most important words, with their relative terms in Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and English ; the second consists only of snbordinato expressions, little used, with the names of the authors who have employed them. Though specially devoted to philological pursuits, the Archeologie is not devoid of inte- rest. The quotations and comparisons with various languages, the proofs of what the English have borrowed from us, &c. form its most interesting portion." — Revue Ency. vol. 25, p. 399. Port-Royal. Grammaire geiierale de Port Royal, avec le commeutaire de Duclos. Paris, 1803, 1 vol. 8vo. La Logique, par MM. de Port Royal (Arnauld et Nicole). Paris, 1662, 1730, or 1775, 12mo. " A modern critic has drawn a parallel between two cele- brated Port Royalists, he says — Arnauld and Nicole are un- doubtedly, after Pascal, the first of the Port Royal establish- ment ; happy if like him, they could have rescued from oblivion the number of works which they wasted on the disputes of the day, and which disappeared with the disputes themselves. To these two great masters the French nation is indebted for the Grammaire and the Logique of the Port Royal — two treatises which oven ia our day have not been surpassed. Arnauld wa« BELLES LETTRES, &c. 235 the greater theologian ; Nicole was more a philosopher and moralist ; both equally severe and rigid, and it may be, a little dogmatical in their opinions. Arnauld preserved to his last hour a strong controversial spirit, which sufficiently evinces itself in his writings. He replied to those who advised him to relax from his labours, N'aurai-je pas touts VEterydte pour me re- poser 'i Nicole was more pacific ; he was used to ssiy, Jen' aime pas les guerres civiles. Proverbes. Bictionnaire des Proverbes francais. Paris, 1821, 1 vol. 8vo. " This Dictionary is attributed to a very enlightened writer, who has rendered it a very interesting manual ; it exhibits great research and acuteness of observation ; and contains many curious anecdotes." — Revue Ency. vol. 12. Raymond (F. M.) Dictionnaire des Termes appropries aux arts et aux sciences, et des mots nouveaux que I'usage a consacres, pouvant servir de sup- plement au Dictionnaire de I'Academie, ainsi qu'a la plupart des autres lexiques francais. Paris, 1824, 1 vol. 4to. " The publication of this work, which contains 3000 words, and a great number of definitions that no other dictionary has, and which comprehends nearly the whole of the new technical terms with which our language has been enriched, is an act of real service to those who occupy themselves with scientific studies." — Revue Ency. vol. 22, p. 444. 236 BELLES LETTllES, &c. Raynouard (M.) Grammaire compart'c des langues do I'Europe latin e, dans Jeiirs rapports avec la languc des TroulKulours. Paris, L^il, Svo. " The celobralod luitlioi- ui' (liis (uinmiiar intends, by the Langne (Ifs- TroHb-nionr^., tbiil branch of T»«tiiiannt idioms which oi'igiii;i it'll in Prnrcuco and Lani^nedijr, and in the South of France generally, from the corniptious of the Latin language, and wliicb was made nm of by our Troubadours." — Revue Encij. vol. 11, p. 300. — T)os Tronbadours et des Coiirs d'Amour. Paris, 1S20, 1 vol. Svo. " Considored as liisloi ical monuments the compositions of the Trouhadoms are of considorablo imporlance; in tliem may be found a vast u umber of valuable details which serve to il- lustrate fa(!ts otherwise obscure ; and to develope the customs and manners of the age: for Poets are the painters of social life. To obtain however a correct idea of the worlcs of the Troubadours, one thing was wanting: vi/. to refer back to tlic originals, and to publish a choice selection of these, sufficiently varied and extended, as to present tlieir poetical system at one view, and to aiVord nn insight into the theory aud structure of their language. Thi^ has been accomj^lished by M. Raynouard. He has published some choice originals ; and by grammatical explanations, he has paved the way for the curious to be enabled to study the Troubadours in their original." — Revue Ency. vol. 12, pp. 355-8G. — Sec Poetky. Remusat (Abel). BELLES LETTRES, Sec. 237 Reclierches snr les Langnes tartare?, ou Me- moires siir diffureiis points de la i^rammaire et do la littorature des Mandclionx, des Mon- gols, dcs Ouigonvs, et des Tibetaius. Paris, 1S20, ^Ito. " The autlioi-'s object has boon to ascertahi the truth of the various contradictory opinions ou the antiquities of Tartary ; lie has particnlnrly exaiuined the hypothesis of liailly and his followers, who imagined they had found, cither in 8iheria or the Tihct, the oi'igin of truths and errors dissoiuinated through the human race, and in ihc creed of the Lamas, the source of varions institutions and ceremonies introduced into the Romish church. Tlic author's arguments have the merit of novelty, and are worthy of cousldcraliou." — Revue Ency. vol G,p. 531. Renouard (M). Catalogue de la Bibliotheqnc d'an Amateur. Paris, 1819, 4 vols. Svo. A catalogue v.cll known to Bihliograpliors. It contains much valuable information on the various editions of die classics as well as of modern literature. It is v.orthy a place w ith the pro- ductions of Uarbicr, Brunet, de Bnre, and Poignot. — Annales de I'lmprimerie dcs Aides, on His- toire des trois Manuces et de leiirs editions, et supplement. Paris, 1803-12, 3 vols. 8\'0. " Renouard, in his description of the productions of the Al- dine press is without a rival." — Beloe's Anecdotes of Lite- rature, S:c. vol. 3, p. X. (Pref.) Resumes del'Histoire des Litteratures auciennes 238 BELLES LETTRES, &c. et modernes, par uiie society de Savans et de gensde lettres. Paris, lS26yl2mo. Ccontinued J . Several of these Resumes have hcen aheady published. In general, they are ably executed. The collection is to form about twenty or twenty-five volumes. They will embrace Re- sumes of Hebrew, Arabian, Chinese, Persian and Japanese, In- dian, Greek, Modern Greek, Roman, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese French, Anglo-Saxon, English, German, Dutch, Danish and Swedish, Russian and Polish Literature?. ROLLIN. (M). De la maniere d'enseigiier et d'etudier les Belles Lettres. Paris, 1805, 4 vols. 8vo. " His (Rollin's) Treatise ou the Belles Lettres and his An- cient history have been translated into every European language, and are perhaps the best works extant for instilling into the mind of youth, just principles of taste and a love of virtue." — Butler's Works, vol. 5, p. 217. Salfi (F.) Resume de I'histoire de la Litterature italienne. Paris, 1826, 2 vols. 18mo. " Himself a clever Italian poet, formerly a professor in several universities in his own country, ]\Ir. Salfi has been chosen to complete the elegant monument which M. Guingcne has raised with so much taste and talent to the glory of Italian literature, but which this illustrious writer was unable to finish. Nothing more was necessary for M. Salfi to fulfil his task, than io pour out the stores of his own mind, and to select among the fruits of his former studies and labours, those which he thought likely to be most generally useful. This he has done, and therefore. BELLES LETTRES, &c. 239 has presented us with a hook well-worthy our attention, at once learned and analytical, steering clear at once from the charge of omission and of amplification." — Revue Ency. vol. 34, p. 388. Sacy (Silvestre de). Grammaire arabe. Paris, 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. " An immortal work, which consigns to obscurity, by its supe- rior lustre, all previous works of the same nature; and which has thrown more light upon the forms of words, the idiom, and the syntax of the Shemitish languages than has been cast before for many centuries. By this work, which contains 463 pages of syn- tax, Gesenius has been substantially aided in the compilation of his Hebrew Grammar ; and a multitude of things pertaining to the grammar and idiom of the Hebrew (though they may be learned by the diligent student without the aid of this work, so as to be useful to him), are seen, without a knowledge of De Sa- cy's Arabic syntax, only as through a glass, darkly. De Sacy has placed them in the meridian sun. That a work, which was not designed to have the most remote bearing upon the Hebrew- Scriptures, should be thus made to contribute in a signal manner to their illustration, ought surely to he a matter of gratitude to the Great Disposer of events, who can overrule the designs of men to the accomplishment of his own purposes." — Stuart's Dissertations on studying the original languages of the Bible, p. 84. SCHGEL (M.) Histoire de la Litterature grecque, depiiis son origine, jusqu'a la prise de Constantinople par les Turcs. Paris, 1825, 8 vols. 8vo. 210 BELLES LSTTRES, &c. *' The firsl c(liil of this work, uliicli iippcarod in 1812, under the lith' ul" tfistnirf da Ik Llith'utnrc: s^refpii', k-jc. wfts in a very short time out luted into several luoilern la'iuua-os, and p n'tinil.uly into iMiglish, and luodoni tJrcel^, il lias heen e\ ery Mliero received with the greatest approl'aliiin.'' — Rcvnc Enrij. vol. "20, p, .OOS. Sevigne (-Madeline de). Les Lcttrcs do iVradamc de Sevigne, de sa fa- mille, et de ses amis, nouvelle edition, pu- blico })ar M.de Muiiniorqiio, avec iiiie notice, par M. Saiiit-Siiriu. Paris, 1S18, 10 vols. 8vo. *' This (says Bninet)is the hcst edition of tliis immnrtal pro- duclioii : lo it, Iiitwevor, sliotild bii added, Les Leftres inedites deMnd. dr S, niriit-^puhlirrs a P'iri-f, ISM, I vol. Svo. : also the Jf(;)iioirr\- dr M. dc Conhing's, .sinris do Lcttreft ini-dites de Med. dc Srri'ji)!-, dc son fila, dr Vjlhhb dc Cnnlnncfos, d\ir- nanld d'.hidilhi, d'Arwrnlil dc Pompnnnof(, dc Jcind" hi Von- iaiuc : (f d^(inli-r.-< jicr^onmif^ca d'l mhuc .s'ihclc, publics par jyi. 3I())iiucrqi(i'. Paris, 1S2(), Svo, The contrihnlions of La Fontaine consisi ol' an Episde in verso, to llie Diikc de Bouillon; Snih- dc I'l rclul'ion dn voijage de Limoges ,• and three letters lo .\!. Jaiinart. M. Campeiion, in one of the lust editions of these letlers, thus expresses hinis-'U': " What arc the- \vritin;,^s of this epoch, which make us best acquaijitcJ, willi ihe events of th;^ period, the great moil distinguished in the Cliurcii, the army, the Ministry, and BELLES LETTRES, &c. 241 in the field of literatnre ? which gives us the most correct estimate either of the agitated existence of the brilliant court of Louis XIV". or the recluse and studious manners of the Port Royalists? Do the best pages ofPelisson in the defence of Fouquet, create in us a greater interest in the fate of the accused than the rapid and ani- mated sketches of Madame de Sevigne ? Do not the few lines she has dedicated to the death of Turenne produce a more pro- found impression than all the eloquent diction of Fiechier? And if we examine these Letters in a strictly literary sense, what wri- ter has given greater animation to his style? who has enriched the language with happier phrases ? who has created, with appa- rent unconsciousness, such a number of picturesque, familiar, witty, or occasionally energetic locatory expressions, which drop incessantly from her pen, and which time and custom have brought into common use ?" &c. " The Letters of Madame de Sevigne, are now esteemed the most accomplished model of a familiar correspondence ; they turn much indeed upon trifles, the incidents of the day, and the news of the town, and they are overloaded with extravagant compliments and expressions of fondness to her favourite daugh- ter ; but withal, they shew such perpetual sprightlinoss, they contain such easy and varied narration, and so many strokes of the most lively and beautiful painting, perfectly free from any affectation, that they are justly entitled to high praise." — Blair s Lectures, vol. 3, p. 68. " Madame de Sevigne shines both in grief and gaiety, there is too much sorrow for her daughter's absence, yet it is always expressed by new terms, new images, and often by M'it, whose tenderness has a melancholy air. When she forgets her con- cern, and returns to her natural disposition, gaiety, every pa- ragraph has novelty ; her allusions, her applications, are the happiest possible. She has the art of making you acquainted with all her acquaintance, and attaches you ever to the spotn R 2i2 BELLES LETTRES, &c. she inhabited. Iler language is correct, though unstudied : and when her mind is full of any great event, she interests you with the warmth of a dramatic writer, not with the chilling impartiality of an historian." — Corresponde^ice of Horace Walpolc. SisMONDi (Simonde de). De la Litterature du Midi de I'Europe, seconde edition. Paris, 1819, 4 vols. 8vo. "This is another work of the celebrated historian of the Ita- lian republics; though we think it written on the whole with less force and spirit than that admirable history. The excellent au- thor has visibly less enthusiasm as a critic than as a politician; and therefore he interests us less in that character, and at the same time inspires rather with less than greater confidence in the accuracy of his opinions. * * * In his republics, he de- scribes events and characters in the history of modern Italj', with the genuine feelings of an enlightened reasoner, indignant at the wrongs, the vices, and the degradation of the country of his an- cestors. In judging of its literature, he too often honours French rules and German systems of criticism." — Edinburgh Review, Tol. 25, p. 31. Stael (Madame de). De la Litterature consideree dans ses rapports avec les institutions sociales. Paris, 1820, 1 vol. 12mo. "We look upon this, as upon the whole, the best and the least exceptionable of all Madame de Stael's publications ; and we look upon her as beyond all comparison, the first female writer of her age/' — Edinh'irgh Review, vol. 21, p. 2. BELLES LETTRES, &c. 243 — I)e I'Allemagne. Paris, 1820, 2 vols. 8vo. " TVe shall conclude by a few general observations, not on the beauties of this extraordinary work, for on them, our sen- timents are, we apprehend, sufficiently apparent, but on what are much less obvious features ; the faults which we conceive to pervade it. The most apparent of these is, perhaps, the too general and unmixed character of that praise, which when so lavishly bestowed, must diminish considerably in value. We do not blame her for the warmth of her zeal, in so good a cause as the honour of Germany ; but we cannot help regretting that she should have expressed herself so strongly as to re- somble an apologist, rather than an impartial observer. A con- stant ambition of style, which is too fond of refining, and adorn- ing every thing, to give effect to the more prominent and interest- ing features of her description, is a second and perhaps a more important failing ; and there is a want of arrangement in her topics, and a tautology proceeding from this want, which almost convince us that the eloquence of her diction is spontaneous, and that she both thinks, and composes, with a rapidity which will derive no disadvantage from a critical drag-chain. These are, however, but petty faults, when compared with the accuracy of taste, and ' ardentia verba', which we have had occasion to notice, or with that depth of thought, and purity of sentiment, which pervade the present volumes, and which have made the productions of her riper understanding, as much superior to those which first introduced her to the world, as the fruits of morality and reason, excel the morbid and feverish dictates of capricious impulse, and unrestrained imagination." — Quarterly Review, vol. 10, p. 409. " Thus terminates a work, which for variety of knowledge, flexibility of power, elevation of view, and comprehension of mind, is unequalled among the works of women ; and which, itt 244 BELLES LETT RES, &c. the union of the graces of society, and literature, with tlic genius of philosophy, is not surpassed by many among those of men." — 'Edinburgh Review, vol. 22, p. 225. Trkvoux. Dictioiinaire iinlversel, fran^ais et latin, rul- gairemeiit appcle Dictioiinaire de Trevoux, corrige et considerablement augmente, par I'Abbe Brillant. Paris, 1771, S vols. fol. " The small tou-n of Trevoux gave its name to an excellent literary Journal, long conducted by the Jesuits, and to this dic- tionary. * * * The first edition of this dictionary sprung from the spirit of rivalry, occasioned by a French dictionary published in Holland, by the protestant Basnage de Beauval. The Duke du Maine set his Jesuits hastily to work, who, after a pompous announcement that this dictionary was formed on a plan suggested by their patron, did little more than pillage Fu- retiere, and rummage Basnage, and produced three new folios, without any itovelties ; they pleased the Duke du Maine and no one else. This was in 1704. Twenty years after, it was republished and improved ; and editions increasing, the volumes succeeded each other, till it reached to its present magnitude and value, in eight large folios, in 1771, the only edition now esteemed. * * * In this manner, from the humble begin- nings of three volumes, in which the plagiary much more than the contributor w^as visible, eight were at length built up with more durable materials, and which claim the attention and gra- titude of the student." — Second Series of Curiosities of Lite- rature, vol. 2, p. 3 17-9. VlLLE.MAIN (M.) BELLES LETTRES, &c. 245 Lascaris, on les Grecs du qiiinzieme siecle, suivi d'uii Essai liistorique sur I'ctat des Grecs depuis la conqiiete miisulmane, jiisqu'a nos jours, troisicme edition. Paris, 1826, 2 vols. ISmo. '•' This production of M. Villemaiii is not unworthy a place by the side of the Voyage d'jlnachursis." — Revue Encyclo, vol, 30, p. 8-24. — Discours et Melanges litteraires. Paris, 1823, 1 vol. 8vo. " If the strict duty of a critic will not allow us to place ^l. Villemain araong the first of authors, I must nevertheless con- sider him as one, who among the universal shipwreck of taste, has held fast to its true principles, and has not disdained to take the ancients for guides. He has studied all the secrets of style, and has made the best use of his knowledge. Doubtless he sometimes sacrifices the justice of the expression to the har- mony of the phrase ; more simple, he would he more touching and sublime. But this ambition of style, which he has perhaps derived from too intimate an acquaintance with the oratory of the ancients, v.ith the fathers of the Church, with Isocrates and Seneca, Chrysostom and Tertullian, forms a portion of his identity. What we admire in M. Villemain, is the profound knowledge of the ancients, which illuminate every page of his writings. He does not quote, which is oiK'u an artifice of ignorance, affecting learning, but every line of his composition is evidently embued with classical attainment." — Revise Ency, vol. 22, p. 353. To this work should be added the "■ Cours" now being deli- vered in Paris, by this elegant and gifted Litterateur. 216 BELLES LETTRES, &c. yOLNEY(C. F.) L'Alpliabct Eiiropeen, applique aux laiigues asiatiques, ouvrage elementaire, utile a tout voyageur en Asie. Paris, 1819, 1 vol. 8vo. "This volume is a continuation and completion of a work of M. de Volnoj% entitled ' Simplijicateur des langxtes orientales ou Mcthode nouvelle et facile d'apprendre les langues arahe, persatme, turque, avec des caracthres curopccns.' The curi- ous in etymological studies, will find in this work many learn- ed views, and scientific observations." — Revue Eyicij. vol. 2, p. 115-117. Les Ruines, ou Meditations sur les Revolutions des Empires. Paris, 1821, 1 vol. 8vo. " Volney was indefatigable in his search after Truth ; not content with Avhat Books contained, he sought it in the wilds of Egypt and Syria. lie braved hunger and thirst, and exposed himself to every danger. He mixed with tribes of Arabs, learned their language, and adopted their customs. Arrived before the ruins of Palmyra, his admiration knew no bounds, and here those inspirations took place which he has transmitted to Pos- terity." — Revue Ency. vol. 11, p. 174. POETRY, NOVELS, THE DRAMA, &c. INTRODUCTION. The most celebrated epoch of French lite- rature, particularly in the departments of Po- etry and the Drama, may be dated from the days of Corneille down to those of Voltaire. The chefs-d'cBUvres produced during this period are much too numerous to be characterised here. We must be content to refer the reader to the account of the works of Corneille, Racine, MoLiERE, Voltaire, &c. to be found in the succeeding pages. The name of La Fontaine is dear to every lover of nature ; his fables, a compound of gaiety, grace, and elegance, have justly procured him the name of the inimitable. BoiLEAU, though less read in England, still en- joys a high and well-deserved reputation. The same may be said of J. B. Rousseau. Though few among the modern Poets of France will bear a comparison with those just mentioned, the productions of Delille, Andrieux, De- LAviGNE, the two Le Brun, Lamartine, Jouy, Beranger, and Tastu, have a great number of admirers. 250 INTRODUCTION. As novellists, after Lesage and Scarron, may be placed Prevost and Pigai lt LiiBRUN, KoussEAu, Marmo.ntel, and St. Pierre. Among the names of female novel writers, those of Stael, Cottin, Genlis and Souza are so well known as to require only to be mentioned. POETRY, NOVELS, &c. Andrieux (M.) Le Tresor. comedie en vers. " The character of this comedy partakes of the exuberance and gaiety of Collin d'Harleville, and of the playfulness and humour of Regnard. The chief characters of this Comedy, cou- sistmg of two brothers of opposite dispositions, the one learned, good-tempered and disinterested ; the other ignorant and ava- ricious, remind us both in matter and manner, of a contrast of the same description to be found in Terence." — Rapports de rinstitid, p. 84 (Classe de la Langite et de la Litterature Arlincourt (M. le Vicomte de). Le Renegat. Paris, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. " Le Renegat evidently belongs to the Romantic school ; the sentiments are pure ; the style, we consider, betrays too much affectation of the sublime, and aims too much at originality." ■ — Revue Ency. vol. 13, p. 448. — Ismalie, ou la Mort et I'Amour. Paris, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. "M d' Arlincourt is not very well known in England, although he has had the honours of Translation ; and, in the present state of literary intercourse between the two countries, we may 252 POETRY, NOVELS, &c. fairly assume, from this circumstance, that he has not as yet deserved to be so. * * * There can be no general stand- ard of taste however, or surely countries approaching so nearly to each other in knowledge and civilizat'O'i, as France and England, would have found it out ; and M. D'Arlincourt, who is scarcely read at all in the latter, has attained to considerable popularity in the former. This popularity has been procured by his novels of ' he Renegat,' ' Le Solitaire,' and ' Ipsoboe.' ■r— Foreign Quarterly Review, No. 3, p. 355. AuLNOY (Madame d') Histoire d'Hypolite, Comte de Douglas. Paris, 1726, 2 vols. 18mo. This is a Chef d'CEiivre of its kind. It cannot be read with- out exciting the deepest interest. It inculcates the love of virtue, and a hatred of vice. Bailly (M. Le). Fables, quatrieme edition. Paris, 1823, 1 vol. 8vo. " These fables of M. Bailly have received considerable approbation, and have been favorably judged by the Critics, at dilTerent intervals." — Revue Envy. vol. l"], p. 385. Baour-Lormian (M.) Veillees poetiques et morales. Paris, 1 vol, 12mo. Omasis en Egypte. Paris, 1806, 8vo. POETRY, NOVELS, &c. 253 " The tragedy of Omasis, by M. Baour Lormian, was first acted in 1806. The subject is the History of Joseph. It is replete with interest ; it contains many fine sentiments, and some of its situations are very dramatic. The style is in strict unison with the subject, elegant and harmonious ; but it is d(>ficient in design. The most interesting part of its action is taken from the Old Testament. Upon the whole, however, it has more the character of a Pastoral than of a Tragedy." — Rap- ports de rinstitut, p. 15. (Classe dela langue,et de la Litte- rature, S^^c.) " The ' Omasis en Egypte' of M, Lormian, has obtained distinction for the extreme beauty of its style. His odes on the battles of Bonaparte, are now less popular than they once wer.9. His translation of the ' Jerusalem^ and the ' */lminta\ are said to have considerable merit. He has also imitated ' Young^s Alght Thoughts,' in his * Veillees Poetiqties' with success." — Ludy Morgan's France, vol. 2, p. 34. Beranger (P. J. de). Chansons, nou\ elle edition. Paris, 1825, 3 vols. ISmo. " In tenui labor, at tenuis non gloria this motto was never more applicable than to M. Beranger. With some fugi- tive pieces, Anacreon and Catullus obtained immortality ; and witb two small volumes of songs, Beranger has established his claim to be ranked among the first Poets of France. His reputation has been rendered the more lasting, inasmuch as his productions are eminently French." — Revue E^icy. vol. 30, p. 381. Beranger has since added another to the above volumes. Bernard (M.) 2ol POETRY, NOVELS, &c. L'Art d'Aimer ; et Poesies diverses. Paris, 1803, 1 vol. 8vo. " The character of his light pieces, and particularly his Art d'Aimer, procured for him the appellation of the Gcntil Bernard. His Epistle to Clatidine, and the Soni? of the Rose are greatly admired. The opera of Castor ct Pollux, played for the first time in 1737, is his master-piece. Voltaire being commissioned by Madame de la Valiere, to invite Bernard to supper, worded his invitation as follows — An nom du Pinde et dc Cythere, Gentil Bernard est averti, Que I'Art d'Aimer doit, Samedi, Venir souper chez I'Art de Plaire." — Craiifurd's Essais ^c. vol. 2, p. 58. BoiLEAU, see (Euvres Completes. BouTiGNY (Le Vayer de). Tarsis et Zelie. Paris, 1667, 3 vols. 8vo. *' The novel of Tarsis et Zelie, equally known and esteemed, appeared for the first time in 1GG9, under the name of the Sieur le Revay (le Vayer.) This production unites all the qualities of romantic writing ; the heroic, the pastoral, the tragic, the amorous, and even the humourous. It is, in fact, the history of the human heart, written in a manner the most instructive, and containing many interesting episodes." — Bar- bier's Bihl. vol. 5, p. 77- Brumoy (:Lc Pere). Le Theatre des Grecs, seconde edition com- plete, revue, corrigee, et angmentee d'un POETRY, NOVELS, &g. 255 choix de fragmens des poetes grecs, tra- giques et comiques, par M. Raoul-Rochette, Paris, 1822, 15 vols. 8vo. " Father Brumoy rendered literature an important service when ho published, at the commencement of the last century, a translation of the Greek Drama. Unfortunately he had rather the merit of commencing than that of accomplishing, this under- taking. Indeed, his translation is far from being complete. Only extracts are given of many plays ; and although as a translator he generally shews a sound taste, bis style is some- times wanting in elegance. The edition mentioned above, has the advantage of being complete, that is, it contains the whole of the Greek plays known to us. To these have also been added, translated fragments from comic and tragic Greek writers. The pieces themselves are better arranged, and those of different authors are not, as in the former edition, mixed together. The present edition also contains an impartial review of each piece, the poetical' imitations that have been made by modern authors, and observations on the Drama." — Revue Ency. vol. 15, p. 185. Chenier (Andre). (Euvres completes d'Andre Chenier. Paris, 1819, 8vo. "The Poems of Andre Chenier, frequently highly original, are replete with those singular traits which leave the mind of the Critic undetermined, whether most to reprove the author's negligence, or to admire bis force. Few modern Poets are so much distinguished for the use of what Boileau calls, des eX' pressions trouvees." — Revue Ency. vol. 4, p. 90. 2wG POETRY, NOVELS, &e. Chenier(M. J.) Poesies lyriques. Paris, 1801, ISmo. Le Theatre du meme aiitenr. Paris, an ix, (1801,) 18mo. " Chcnier established his celebrity by his play of Charles the Ninth, given in 1789. TJie emotion which this play excited, was one of the earliest, but most decided presages which ushered in the revolution. Chenier took an active part in every stage of that event, and while he successively obtained high and important offices under the various governments, his poeti- cal works, his Henry the Eighth, ' La Mort de Calas' ' Caius Gracchus/ ' Timoleon' and ' F'enclon' , gave him for a time, the reputation of being the first tragic poet of the nation. It is, however, by his ' Ode to Voltaire,' that he is now best known and most admired. This splendid composition lost him the favor of Napoleon ; and he died in disgrace, after having large- ly benefitted by the bounty and countenance of the Emperor." — Lady 3Iorgan's France, vol. 2, p. 3 10. Collin d'Harleville (M.) Les Moeurs du Jour, ou I'Ecole des Jeunes Femmcs, corned ie en cinq actes. " This comedy is among the small number of modern dra- matic composition, that will please in the closet as well as on the stage, because its style is pure, its versification easy, and its dialogue abounding in wit.'' — Pougens' BihLFran^. No. 8, p. 2. Collin d'Harleville is also the author of several other pieces, among which rOptimisme, V Inconstant, les Chateaux en Espngne, but particularly his Viexix Cclibataire, arc much esteemed. POETRY, NOVELS, &c. 257 CoRNEiLLE Pierre, See Complete Works. CoRNEiLLE (Thomas). " Thomas Corneille attempted the same career as his Bro- ther ; perhaps his name was unfortunate, for it naturally excited a comparison which could not be favourable to him. Gaoon the Dennis of bis day, A\rote the following impromptu under his portrait. Voyant le portrait de Corneille, Gardez-vous de crier merveille ! Et dans vos transports n'allez-pas, Prendre Ici Pierre ^ouv Thomas V — D' Israeli's Curiosities of Literature, vol. 2, p. 241, Crebillon (M.) Theatre. Paris, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. La Harpe speaks cold!}^ of Crebillon ; he places him far be- neath Voltaire, and asserts that he wrote but one good piece — Rhadamiste. He thus expresses himself ; " The talent which nature had bestowed on Crebillon, stopt short at the production of Rhadamiste. He had some twinklings in Idomenee and Atree, some luminous moments in Electre; and tin beau jour dans RhadamisteJ" Montesquieu held a much higher opinion of this Poet ; he styled him " the great tragic writer of the day : the only one who could excite the genuine tragic feeling — la terreur." Delille (Jacques). L'Homme des Champs, ou les Georgiques fran- caises. Paris, 1805, 1 vol. 8vo. s 258 POETRY, NOVELS, &c. " fii this work J. Drlille lias given in fine verse the wisest lessons." — Pougens' BUjI. ^-c. No. 8, p. 32. — La Title. Paris, 1803, 1 vol. 8vo. " It is chiefly from tlie modern poots of Eni:jland, that M. Dclille has borrowed the peculiarities of his manner. Besides tlic obvious and avowed imitations of Pope, Addison, (Jold- smith, Cowjur, and Darwin, that occur in the present publi- cation, there is something in the whole temper and complexion of his compositions, that certainly does not hclong to the genuine school of French poetry. The prose of Rousseau, and of Florian, may have allorded some instances of it ; but if it had a poetical origin, it must have been borrowed from the poetry of England. * * * Although most of his writings recal to us the general manner of English ])oetry, we shall be but seldom reminded of the loftier flights of Milton, the luxu- riant tenderness of Thomson, or the fairy fancy and magical facility of Shakespeare. We shall find more of the pointed polish, and celebrated elegance of Pojx-, the dignified and cor- rect tenderness of Goldsmith, and the dazzling amplifications of Darvviji. M. Delille, in short, is a lefined, studied, polite and accomplished writer, who never forgets himself in the ardour of composition, and seldojn lets the reader forget him." — Edin- burgh Review, vol. 3, j). 27-28. (See Complete Works.) Delavigne (M. Casimir). Trois Messeuiennes nouvelles. Paris, 1824, 1 vol. 8vo. " M. Casimir Delavigne had .already given sufficient proof of very superior poetical Talent. His Trois premihrcs Messk' niennes, were principally remarked for their deep expression POETRY, NOVELS, &c. 259 of lament over the disasters of the nation ; his Nouvelles Mcs- semennes were consecrated to ancient and modern Greece. His T^epres Siciliennes, evinced his love of luimanity, and his fidelity to the cause of independence. His tragedy of the PaWa displayed all the magnificence, ease and voluptuousness of ori- entalism. His charming production of the Comediens, presents in a witty and ingenious light, the humiliations to which young dramatic writers are suhject, and is a noble victory of genius over mediocrity. His Ecole des VieillardH exliibits in the person of the beautiful Hortense, a profoujid knowledge of the human heart, and of ihe character of woman, a compound as they are of grace, sensibility, frivolity, and coquetry. His last work, Trots Messenicnnes JVouvelles, is again distin- guished for a pure love of liberty and of his country." — Revue Ency. vol. 21, p. 199-200. — Sept Messenienries nouvelles. Paris, 1827, 1 vol. 8vo. " The first Messeniennes of the author, were -oTitten with the intention of consoling us under our afflictions during the time of the visit of the Allies to Paris. The second were on the subjects of Greece and Naples ; Italy, Greece, American Independence, and the death of one of the greatest constitutional Orators of France, form the sul)jects of the work before ns. These last Messeniennes may possibly appear to fastidious readers, with all their brilliancy and richness, to possess less strength than the preceding ones." — Revue Ency. vol. 34, p. 643-4, — Le Paria, tragedie. Paris, 1821, 8vo. " Le Paria recalls to our mind the best days of French Lite- rature : M. Dclavigne possesses all the resources of his native tongue. His style is admirably varied ; whatever may be said 260 POETRY, NOVELS, &c. of his subject, his plot, or cast of characters, there is but one opinion as to the beauty of his language," — Revue Ency. vol. J3, p. 013. — L'Ecole des Vieillards, comedieen cinq actes. Paris, 1823, 8vo. " With more regular proportions than the Wepres Sicilicunes, more dramatic, and more animated interest than the Co?«crf?en*, more elegant and pure than the Paria, the Ecole des Vieillards approaches nearer to perfection, in all the requisites of the Dr&ma, than any of the author's former productions." — Revue Ency. vol. 20, p. 558. — Lcs Coiiiediens, comcdie en cinq actes et en vers, precedee d'un prolo^'^ue en prose, par le meme auleur, 8vo. " This comedy, by Casimir Delavigue, was attended with the most complete success. The characters are well drawn ; the situations comic ; and the ])iece abounds in wit, especially in the fifth act, which is particularly fine." — Revue Ency. vol. 5, p. 215. DiiLRIEU (E. J. B.) Artaxerce, tragedie. Paris, 1808, 8vo. " The tragedy of Artaxerce, by M. Delrieu, was produced in 1S08. It was attended with eminent success. The original idea, it is well known, is taken from Metastasio. Lemicrre had already attempted, in his Artaxerce, the same subject, but without success. M. Delrieu is indebted for some of his Ideas to Lemicrre." — Rapports de l' Instil ut, p. 16, (Classe de la langue et de la litteraturc Sfc.) POETRY, NOVELS, &c. 261 Deshoulieres (Madame). Ses CEuvres. Paris, an vii. (1799,) 2 vols. 8vo. " Among the number of productions of Madame Deshoulieres, her Idylls hold the first rank ; and among these the best are those ofLes Oiseauoe and Les Moiitons ; the latter has more sweetness, the former is more poetical. U Hirer is also a supe- rior poem ; the rest hear no comparison. An eclogue entitled Iris, deserves mention ; as also some allegorical verses to her children: Dans ccs pres fieuris, Sfc. L'Epitre a M. Caze, i« also well written. All her other pieces, (with the exception of one or two rondeaux, a moral piece on gaming, and another on self-love) are out of date, especially her Ballads, Epistles, Songs, Odes, &c." — Peignot's Manuel du Biblio])hile, vol. 2, p. 40. Diderot (Denis). La Religieuse. Paris, an vii. (1799,) 2 vols. 8vo. " A well known anecdote sujiplied the idea of Diderot's novel of La Religieuse. It is founded on fact : it is the history of an unhappy victim to the cruelty of her parents, and who vainly calls upon the protection of the law. The descriptions which are contained in this Novel, of the pvocoodings in the interior of a Convent, are also correct as matter of fact. Jacques le Fataliste by Diderot, is a licentious production. The Bijoux Indiscrets, also by him, cannot be recommended." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 5, p. 81. DucLos (Charles Dineau). ♦62 POETRY, NOVELS, &c. Confessions du Comte de * * * ecrites par lui-meme a un ami. Paris, 1806, 2 vols. 18mo. " There are fow who have not road the Confessions du Comte de * * * hy Dticlos, a work written witli inimitable delicacv of slylo. We have also by the same author, the Baronne ilc Luz, Acajou, and the Memoires pour servir d I'Hlstoire des Mmurs da dix-huitieme Steele. The latter assuntes a l!i<,4ier moral tone than any other of his productions." — Barbier's BILL vol. 5, p. 83. DuRFE (Honore). L'Astree, pastorale allegorique, avec la clef, re- touche, par I'Abbe Souchay. Paris, 1773, 10 vols. I'inio. " A work, which under the disguise of pastoral incidents and characters, exhibits the singular history of the family of the author, and the amours of the Court of Henry the Great. It certainly must be of intrinsic merit, since it was the admi- ration of many grave and distinguished characters, who Avould not have been merely enticed by the devolopcmcnt of (he fashionable scandal of the day. Iluet used to read this work with his sisters, and he hiforms us they were freiiucntly forced to lay down the book to give vent to their tears.'' — Dimlop's Hittori) of Fiction, vol. 3, p. 143 1G3. ' '• The Abbe Lcnglct, in his Bihliothiqxie des Romans, attri- butes the fifth and sixth parts of the Jl.stree, p;il)lished at Paris in lf)2G, to a M. dc Borstet. In the Bibliothhquc Uydverselle dcs Romans, July 1775, may be found a historical explanation of the Astrie, from tiie ntanuscript of M. de Pauling, by the celebrated Patru. This explanation is a uccessary appeu- POETRY, NOVELS, &c. 263 dage to any Edition of this work, not containing the Key." — Barhier's Dictionnaire des Ourrages ^nonymes, vol. I, p. 98. DuFRENOY (Madame.) CEuvres poetiqnes de Madame Diifrenoy, pre- ced4es d'uiie Notice sur sa vie et ses oii- vrages, par M. Jay. Paris, 1827, 1 vol. 8\o " Madame Dufrenoy distinguished herself in that species of writing, in which Paruy, (in her eyes a heautiful writer,) ap- peared to her to have equalled Tihullus. But in following their steps, without strictly imitating them, she has, according to her own words, opened a new field for elegiac composition." — Revue Ency. vol. 32, p. 775. Duval (Alexandre). Le Tyraii domestique. Paris, 1822, 8vo. " The Comedy of Le Tyran Domestique, hy M. Duval, was produced in the year xiii. (of the republic.) It is a stock piece, and when played, is productive of considerable effect. The plot is interesting and moral. The distinguished talent of M. Duval, may be traced throughout, Its defects are, that the action becomes too serious towards the end ; the plot becomes weak at the point where it ought to increase in interest, and it is negligent in style, and in versification." — Rapports de I'Institut, p. 19-20. {Classe de la langue, et de la litterature Fenelon (¥. S. de;. Aventures de Telemaque, edition retablie sur 261 POETRY, NOVELS, kcl le maniiscrit original, et sur deux copies aux- qiielles I'antcur a fait plus de sept cents corrections et additions : accompaj^nee des principales variantes, et suivie de I'Examen de conscience d'lin lloi, pour la ])remiere fois conforme an uianuscrit autographe. Paris, 1824, 2 vols. S\ o. " Tclemachus appears to have bcon composed by Fcnelon, while he was preceptor to the Royal Duke. Not long after the affair of Quietism broke out, Fenelon gave the manuscript of it lo a valet de chauibrc, to be copied by him, and the valet sold it to a bookseller at Paris. At that time the Police nar- rowly watched the motions of Fcnelon. Tlicy had notice of the publication, and when the Bookseller was at the 208th page of the Impression, seized, in the King's name, all the co- pies which were in the possession of the Booksellers ; and every precaution was used to annihilate the work. But it was too late ; the manuscript was preserved ; it was sold to Adrian Moetjens, a bookseller at the Hague, and by him, it Avas imme- diately printed. This edition appc;ned in IGUD, and is very incorrect. * * * ITe afterwards giivc a more perfect edi- tion of it in 1701 ; and that edition was generally followed, in all subsequent editions, till the edition of 1717- I'l tliat year, the Marquis of Fenelon, great nephew to the archbishop, puli- lished a new Edition of Toleniachus, from a copy corrected by Fenelon himself. This edition became tXxc tcxtusreceptus, or the model, from which all subsequent impressions of Tcle- machus have been taken. As a composition, Tclemachus has perhaps received its full measure of praise. It is eminently defective in unity of design, alxvunds with unnecessary details, is often prosaic ; its moral is oftencr taught by long discourses, than by action, its i)ropcr vehicle in an epic poem ; and it con- POETRY, NOVELS, &c. 265 tains more of profane love, than mif)jht have been expected from a man of prayer, alwa}^s writing at the foot of the Cross ; but it abounds with passages of exquisite beauty, and contains some of true sublimity. A soft tinge of poetic, and it may be said of religious melancholy is shed over the whole, which seems to elevate it to real poetry, gives it an indescril)able charm, and interests the reader, both for the author and his hero." — Works ofC. Butler, vol.3, p. 112. Full particulars of the various editions of Tolemaque will be found in the introduction to that published by the Editor, and forming a part of the Classiques Fran^ais. Fontaine (Jean de la). Ses CEuvres, avec un noiiveau commentaire litteraire et grammatical, dedie au Roi par Ch. Nodier. Paris, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. "The characteristic quality of La Fontaine is simplicity; not that childishness of thought, and guiltlessness of meaning which have often passed current under this title, but that fascinating singleness of expression, which is not inconsistent with the highest refinement of wit, and which communicates a charm to whatever it relates, by saying the oldest and commonest things in so interesting a manner as to give them all the zest of novelty, that air, in short, of ' unconcern so exquisite' by which the effect of all the various embellishments ©f his poetry is heightened and improved. There is !::fleed throughout his writings, an apparent unconsciousness of his own perfections : and (to use a trite expression) he never cackles over the egg that he has laid. His wit seems to escape from him as it were. involuntarily, and is poured forth, without parade or display, in careless profusion. But it is T:<>t by his •>vit alone that La Fontaine exerts so powerful an iuiiuence over 26G POETRY, NOVELS, &c. us, for while he dolights to amuse the imasfiiiation, he knows liow to touch the heart. This is the secret of poetry, and this, after all, is the true criterion of a Poet." — (^uiirtcrhj Review, vol. 23, p. 4.55. La Fontaine was possessed of singular naivete. A curious anecdote is related of his enthusiasm for the apocryphal hook of Baruch. He was one day with Ilacino, who heing occupied for the moment, lent him a ]3ihle which contained the Apocry- pha, to look over until he should he at liherty, The good man opened hy chance on a chapter in Baruch, which contained the prayer and supplication of the people; after perusing it with strong feelings of admiration, he suddenly addressed Racine — "Who is this Baruch ? what a tine genius !" For some days he was so full of the suhject, that every one he met was accosted with " Have you read Baruch ? What a fine genius !" For the last two years of his life, La Fontaine acted the part of a contrite spirit; and practised some of the severest auste- rities of monastic worship. At his death it was discovered that he wore a hair shirt. Louis Racine wrote the following lines on the snhject ; — Vrai dans tous ses 6crits, vrais dans tons ses discours, Vrai dans sa penitence a la fin de ses jours, Du Maitre qui s'approche il previent la justice, Et Tautcur dc Joconde est convert d'un cilice. Rahehiis was passionately admired hy La Fontaine. He would allow no author, ancient or modern, sacred or profane, a place on the same shelf. He was one day at the house of Despreaux in company of Racine, the Docter Boileau and some others ; one of the party was speaking of St. Augustine ; he listened for some time ahstractedly, at length, rousing himself ns from a dream, he asked the Doctor with the most serious nir, if he thought that Saint Augustine had more wit (esprit) POETRY, NOVELS, &c. 267 than Rabelais? The Doctor glancing at him from head to foot, merely replied ; — " Prenez-garde Monsieur La Fontaine, one of your stockings is wrong side outwards" Many anecdotes are related of La Fontaine's absence of mind. La Bruyere, in a speech before the French Academy in 1693, thus designates La Fontaine; — "Less unequal than P.Iarot, and more poetic than Voiture, he has the liveliness, the happy turns, and the naivete of both. He instructs in sport, inculcates virtue through the medium ol the brute creation ; raises the most insignificant subjects to sublimity ; he is unri- valled in his peculiar style, ever original ; and far superior to the models he has chosen, himself the most difficult model of all to imitate." Moliere, speaking of La Fontaine to Boileau said, " Le hon homme ira plus loin que nous." Those who wish to be made most fully acquainted with La Fontaine will do well to consult the Eloges, sent to the Marseilles Academy, in 1774, tlio one by Chamfort, which obtained the prize, and the other by La Harpe. The latter is more historical, and may be found in La Fontaine et tons Ics Fahulistes, of Guillon, Paris, 1803, 2 vol. 8vo. The Elogc, by Chamfort, is given in the edition of the Trols Fabulistes, par IM. Gail. Paris, 1796, 4 vols. 8vo. The work, however, which contains the fullest particulars of the Life and Writings of La Fontaine, is L'lJistoire de la Vie et des Ouvrages de La Fontains, par C. A. T7alckenaor. Paris, 1820, 1 vol. 8vo. This volume will alv/ays be read with pleasure. Peignot reckons the fables of La Fontaine at 241, Of these 56 are considered master-pieces. Tradition says that La Fon- taine preferred overall his compositions, the Fable entitled jLe chene et le roseau ,- but persons of taste, and among others, the Abbe Barthelemy are of opinion, tluit the one of the ^m- maii^ malades de la peste, is entitled to the palm. These however, take precedence of the 56. 26S POETRV, NOVELS, &c. The following is a list of the 50, with the juiniitive sources to as many as could he traced ; — Lc chene ct le voseaxi, liv. 1, fab. 22, from /Esop, who has the olive instead of the oak. Les animauxvialadcs de la pestc, liv. 7 f;il).l, from the 14th sermon of Jean Raulin. Le juge arbitre, I'hoapitalier ct lc .solitaire, liv. 12, fal). 28, source unkiKiwn. Ac saveticr ct lc finan- cier, liv. 8, fab. 2, from Jan. Eric. Erithracus (J.Vict.Rossi). De modo scrib. hist. Le Rat qui .f'cst retire du monde, liv. 7, lab. 3, source unknown. Lc cocker, lc chat, ct lc nouriceatt , liv. <>, fab. 5, from Abstemius. Le lion, ct le mouchcron,\\v. 2, lab. 9, from iEsop. Le renard ct le houc, liv. 3, fab. 5, from Lockman. La Mouche et le cochc, liv. 7> fab. 9, from Lockman. L'aloncttc ct sefi pctits, etc. liv. 4, fab. 22 : from iEsop. Le mcunicr, .itre» et Poesies, suivies du Poeme de Parga. Paris, 1S21, 1 vol. Svo. *' M. Viennct deservedly bears the char.ictcr of a distinguished poet, a pliilosophcr, and work has heen \oi\^ expected and desired by Artists, who felt the wiint of a complete treatise on- the sub- ject. I'^ifty copies of the work have been purchased by the Minister of the Interior, for the use of the Royal Colleges." — Revue Ency. vol. 8, p. 1) 1-101. Droz (Joscpli). Etudes sur le Beau dans les Arts. Paris, 1826, 1 vol. Svo. " An acute moralist, he (the author) displays, in the exer- cise of his judgment, as great penetration as justice ; an elegant writer, he unites the graces of style with deptli of reasoning ; a subject, purely metaphysical, in his hands, presents nothing obscure, complex, or superfluous." — Revue Ency. vol. 3-1, p. G53. DUMERSAN (M.) Notice des Moiiuinens, exposes dans le Cabinet des Antiques de la Bibliotheque du Roi, suivie d'une description des objets les plus curieux, que renferme cet etablissement, &c. Ts ouvellc edition. Paris, 1824, 1 vol. 8vo. " Thoy who wish to visit the Bihliofhhquc du Roi will dd well to take this volume as a guide to its collections. It con- tains many interesting remarks on the subjects of history and the art<. The variety of the objects described, forms of itself a subject of useful comparison ; these objects, among others, consist of the Egyptian papyrus, Babylonian, Egyptian, Greek, FINE ARTS, ANTIQUITIES, &c. 303 and Roman inscriptions, medallions, bas-reliefs, busts, vases, marbles, &c." — Revue Ency. vol. 22, p. 212. Galerie Antique. Galerie antique, ou Collection des Chefs- d*oeuvres d'Architecture, de Sculpture, et de Peinture antiques. Paris, 12 parts in 1 vol. folio. This work is particularly designed for the use of architects, painters, sculptors, and the amateurs of antiquity and the fine arts. It was proposed, in forming it, to ofTer them a choice collection of the most pure and elegant productions of the best ages of Greece, and to save them the great expense attending the acquisition of those high-priced works which relate to the arts of Greece. The 12 /zwroesow* published form one volume. The importance of the monuments which it contains, viz. the Pantheon, the Propylsee, the Erechtcum, the Temples of Mi- nerva-Polias, and of Pandrosa, the Choragic JVIonuments of Thrasillas and Lysicrates, aPlan of the Acropolis, the Tower of the Winds, and the Portico of Augustus ; all types of Grecian architecture, give it a peculiar value. It may be said to com- prise in itself a complete course of the science, in which the three Grecian orders, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, are illustrated by the richest and most beautifnl specimens. < Galerie Francaise. Galerie francaise, ou collection de portraits des hommes et des femmes celebres, qui ont il- lustre la France, dans les seizieme, dix-sep- tieme et dix-huitieme siecle, accompagne de 304 FINE ARTS, ANTIQUITIES, &c. notices biographiques, sur cbaciin d'eux ; par une Societe d'Hommes de Lettrcs, et d'Artistes. Paris, 1821. " This is a noble undertaking, and redounds to the glory and honor of the French Nation. Among the contributors may be named MM. Andrieux, Denon and Fourier of the In- etitutc. Droz, Forbin, Gautherot, L6montey, Lcseur, Mathieu Dumas, Micl, Muriel, Pickerand, de Segiir, and Vilk'niain. A strict fidelity distinguishes the Portraits already published; and the Literary Notices rival the efforts of the Artists, in rigo- rous truth and precision." — Revue Ency. vol. II, p. 184. Gebelin (Court de.) Monde primitif, analyse et compare avec le monde moderne, ou recherclies sur les auti- quites du monde. Paris, 1773-82, 9 vols. 4to. with plates. " It is not without reason that the French rank this work among those which have done the greatest honour to their nation. A great French critic (D'Alembert) thought the undertaking sufficient to require the united talents of the " Academy of Forty," and would scarcely believe that one man could have encompassed so great a variety of objects with sucli wonderful success." — Dictionnaire historiqno. As tlio title does not sufficiently convey an idea of llic natinc of the work, we aiir.ex tiio contents of each volume: — 1, Allc'^orics Orientnlcs. 2, Grammnire nniverscllc. 3, Origine die la-ngage et de I'Ecri- ture. 4. Histoirc civile, religietise et allegoriquc du Calcvdricr. .5, Dictionnaire etymologiqnc Fran^aited to promote a taste for them, may become the manual of all artists, and fijid u place in every library. — See Legrand. FINE ARTS, ANTIQUITIES, &c 307 Lebrun (J. B. P.) Galerie des Peintres flamaiids, hollandais, et allemauds : ouvrage enrichi de 201 planclies, gravees d'apres les meilJeurs tableaux de ces maitres, par les plus liabiles artistes de France, deHollande, et d'Allemagne. Paris, 1792-6 3 vols. fol. This work, confined to the productions of a distinct and sepa- rate school, is accompanied hy letter-press, in which Le Brun has displayed the extensive knowledge, which the particular study of painting, long experience, and frequent travels in foreign countries, enabled him to acquire. Legrand & Laniion. Description de Paris et de ses Edifices, avec nn precis historique, et des observations. Paris, 1806-9, 2 vols. 8vo. In order to convey a correct idea of the most remarkable buildings of Paris, the Editors conceived that plans and geo- metrical elevations, which detail at once the extent, the dis- tributions, and the just proportions of the edifices, were prefer- able to perspective views, which give only a single aspect, and in which, it is frequently necessary to sacrifice to picturesque ejGFect, the most valuable parts of the whole. All the plans are reduced to a common scale, so that, at the first glance, the spectator may judge comparatively of the extent of the various edifices. The work thus executed, is admirably adapted for the use of artists and amateurs, as well as of foreigners, who visit the French capital, and who, familiarised before-hand with the de- 308 FINE ARTS, ANTIQUITIES, &c. tails of the fine edifices, of which Paris presents a surprising asscmblajfo, will afterwards view them with more advantage and retain a more perfect recollection of thoni. Seroux d'Agincourt (J. B. L. G.) Histoire de I'Art par les Monurnens, depiiis sa decadence, au quatrieme siecle, jusqu'a son renouvellement, au seizieme, ouvrage en- richi de 325 planches. Paris, 1823, 6 vols, folio. *' We cannot say too much in praise of the industry of the author, who consecrated 30 years of his life, and great part of a large fortune, to accomplish this noble enterprize. To bring together, as he has done, the relics of every age and country ; and to leave no void in the chronological order of these mate- rials, must have been a work of immense labour and cost." — Renue Ency. vol. 20, p. 109. M. d'Agincourt has divided his history into three parts ; the first is devoted to architecture, the second to sculpture, and the third to painting; but he has not neglected any of the cor- relative branches. The plates are 325 in number, of which 73 belong to architecture, 48 to sculpture, and 204 to painting. The monuments which they represent are upwards of 1400. The whole of them were engraved at Rome, under the imme- diate inspection of the author, and are executed with great fide- lity ; the true character of the originals is carefully preserved, a circumstance ofno small importeuvent contribuer a I'etendue de nos cou- iiaissances. Amsterdam, 1725, 4 vols. 12mo, "But what I esteem most of all, from the perusal and medi- tation of Crouzas' Logic, Inot only understand the principles of that science, but formed to my mind a habit of thinkii'g and reasoning I had no idea of before." — Gibbon's Miscel. Works, vol. 1, p. 88. Daunon (P. C. F.) Essais sur les Garanties individuelles que re- clame I'etat actuel de la Societe. Troisieme edition. Paris, 1822, 1 vol. 8vo. " The same may be repeated of the Garanties, as Montaigne .said of his Essays; — ' CcSt ici un Here dc bonne foi. lecteur !' Alachiavel, in his work, entitled ' The Prince' has broached a learned but perverse doctrine, adapted to the use of tyrants. The Garanties individuelles will serve as an index to every MATHEMATICS, METAPHYSICS, &c. 325 principle of public liberty, and should be the guide of every constitutional Government. M. Daunon, by this work, has es- tablished his character as a profound writer." — Revue Ency. vol. 13, p. 596. Begerando (TM.) Du Perfectionnement moral, ou de I'Education de soi-meme. Paris, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. " This work ef M. Degerando is distinguished for the import- ance of its doctrines, the justice of its observations, and that depth of science, the result of the author's unremitting study of mankind. The first book treats of the facult^s morales ,- the second, of their emploi, the third of their culture; these are subdivided into chapters, in which the principal questions arising out of this important subject, are ably discussed." — Revue Ency. — Histoire comparee des Systemes de Philoso- phic, consideres relativement aux principes des connaissances humaines. Seconde edition. Paris, 1822-3, 4 vols. 8vo. " When this work appeared in 1804, it excited considerable attention, and was translated into several languages. The new point of view in which the author had placed the history of phi- losophy, and his manner of analyzing the various met;iphysical systems of ancient and modern times, received universal com- mendation. Some of the German metaphysicians, however, accused him of too great partiality to Lord Bacon, and experi- mental philosophy. It is so far certain, that at the time when this work appeared, the French school was still under the yoke of Locke and Condillac ; and M. Degerando did us great ser- ■ 326 ARTS AND SCIENCES. vice, by his exposition of systems, with which we were totally uiKU'quiiiiited. In this new edition, the author has favoured us with considerahle additions and emendations. Tlio author has divided his history into five distinct periods ; the first is conti- nued from the first existence of philosophy down to Socrates; the second, from Socrates to the introduction of Greek philo- Kophy into Egypt and at Rome ; the third, from the school of Alexandria to the extinction of the Eastern empire; the fourth from the overthrow of the empire, to the revival of letters; and the fifth and last, from the revival of letters to the end of the last century." — Revue Ency. vol. 22, p. 61-2. Descartes (Rene). Les CEiivres de Descartes. Paris, 1724, 13 vols. 12mo. " The Meditations of Descartes were undouhtedly the source of most of the controversies of a metaphysical nature, since the the dov.'nfall of the Schoolmen. He was the antagonist of Gassendi. His more famous contemporary Hohhes, was one of the objectors to the IMeditations ; and IMr. Locke again was principally excited by Hobbes and Descartes. Spinoza was the avowed follower of the latter, as well as JMallebranche, who through his scholar Norris, and perhaps Collier, may be re- ijarded as the forerunner of Berkeley, from whom the opinions of Mr. Hume, and the controversies to which they gave rise, immediately followed. Descartes made an attempt to give a new system of all the sciences ; an attempt excusable only when lectures were the only means of instruction, and when one professor might have been obliged to conduct his pupil throngli the whole circle of education. In this impracticable plan, he is perhaps the only great metaphysician who was much MATHEMATICS, METAPHYSICS, &c. 327 more a Natural Philosopher than a moralist. Of all suhjects he seems the least to have studied Ethics." — Edinburgh Re- view, vol. 27, p. 229. *' Mallebranche was passing up the Rue St. Jaqnes, some time in the year 1GG4, wlien a Bookseller put into his hands the Traite de L^ Homme, of Descartes, which had just been published. He ran over the first leaves ; a new light burst upon him ; he felt instantlj- enamoured of a science which, till then he had had but little idea of. He bought the book, read it night and day, and was so atlected by its perusal, as to be obliged occasionally to lay it down. It was to his mind, as the appli- cation of a match to gunpowder. He abandoned all his other studies for the philosophy of Descartes, and devoted the rest of his life to Metaphysics." — Peignofs Manuel du Biblio- phile, vol. 1, p. 194. — Discours de la Methode pom* bien couduire sa raison, et chercher la verite dans les Sci- ences. Paris, 1824, 8vo. " Le discours de la 3Iethode, may be ranked among the small number of books which have had an immediate and powerful influence over the human mind, and which have caused a revolution in the empire of thought. Descartes broke the chains of Philosophy, and overthrew the tyranny of the Schools. He merited the title of Father of modern philosophy. The Discours de la Methode, in spite of its claims to eminence, has not been nmch consulted of latter days, inasmuch, as be- fore this new edition appeared, the book had become scarce. This Edition is prefaced by a very well-written Notice, by M. Michelot, of the life and writings of Descartes." — Revue Ency^ vol. 22, p. 176. DiCTIONNAIRE, &C. 328 ARTS AND SCIENCES. Dictioniiaire technolofrjque, ou Noiiveaii Dic-r tioiiiiaire universe! des Arts et Metiers, et de recoiiomie industrielle et ccnninerciale, par une Societe de Savaus et d'Artistes. Paris, 1822-7, 8vo. (Continued.) "The Technological Dictionary, hogun at Paris in 1822, has attained some celebrity in this country. The principal contributors are M. Francoeur, Professor af-. the Faculty of Sciences; M. Molard junior, assistant-director at the Cx)nsev- vatory of Arts ; M. Lcnonnand, Professor of Technology ; M. Ilobiqnet, Professor at the School of Pharmacy ; and 31. Pa yen, a manufacturer of drugs. The work is what niiiiht be expected from such an association ; copious and elaborate, but more profuse than precise. The authors give a minute descrip- tion of the arts as they arc practised in France, including all the latest improvements, and shew at every page that they are acquainted with the practices of other countries, and with the most recent scientific discoveries." — Foreign Quarterly Review, No. 3, p. 365. DUBRUNFAUT (M.) Traite complet de I'art de la Distillation. Paris, 1823, 2 vols. Syo. " This book will he a guide to Distillers ; ajid in the public Libraries, it will doubtless be consulted by all who are inter- psled in the art, as well as by the merely inquisitire." — Revue Enct/. vol. 20, p. .0-10. DUTENS (M.) MATHE^IATICS, METAPHYSICS, S:c. 320 Memoires sur les Travaux publics de I'Angle- terre. Paris, 1819, 1 vol. 4to. " This work of M. Dutens is one of great merit, the style of which is clear and concise. No traveller up to the present day, has given such useful details on the management of the public works in England." — Revue Ency. vol. 4, p. 465. DupiN (Charles). Applications de Geometric et de Mecanique k la Marine, auxponts et chaussees, &c. Paris, 1822. 1 vol. 4to. These arc applications of the best mathematical theories to the best objects of general utility. The name of the author is a Sufficient recommendation of the work. — Geometric et Mecanique des Arts et Metiers, etdes Beaux-Arts; Cours normale, al I'usage des ouvriers et des artistes, &c. Paris, 1826, 3 vols. 8vo. " This work is peculiarly national ; but its utility must be every where acknowledged. It may be as well to observe, that M. Diipin has turned his particular attention to the formation and publication of works, for the use of operative mechanics; by his exertions, an impetus has been given to the establishment of elementary and mechanical institutions in many parts of France. He made a very interesting report on this subject in 1826, addressed to the Ministre de la Marine. He stated in this Report, that 8000 Artisans, or Master Manufacturers, were then attending a course of gratuitous instruction, delivered ia 70 French Towns, 330 ARTS AND SCIENCES, — Mc'nioires. sur la Marine, et les Pouts et Chaussees de France et d'Angleterre. Paris, 1818, 8vo. '" This work, so important to nautical science, obtaintd M. Dupin admittance into the Institut." — Revue Ency. \o\. 1, p. 312. Desormeaux (Paulin). L'Art du Tourneur, avec figures, dessinees par I'auteur, Xcw Monthly Mag. vol. 15, p. 223. — Exposition du Systeme du Monde. Paris, 1813, 4to. *' This work contains first, a brief but clear and accurate account of the phenomena of the Heavens : and next, a philo- sophical exposition of the principles by which those phenomena have been explained. It is to Laplace himself, and to his groat work of the 3Iecaniqicc Celeste, that we are indebted for that perfect system of physical astronomy which has left no inequality in the planetary motions that is not fully ac- counted for, and which has derived from the principle of gra- vitation, the measure of many smaller inequalities which obser- vation had indicated, but which it never could have analyzed. To have an abridgment of this great work, made by the author himself, and impressed throughoutwith the strongest characters MATHEMATICS, METAPHYSICS, &c. 3R5 of genius and originality, is an advantage which philosophers and men of science can never sufficiently value. The details into which the author enters, is sufficient to explain the great and general truths which flow from the doctrine of gravitation, and the mode of applying those truths to the explanation of particular phenomena. This book is accordingly of infinite value, even to the most profound mathematician." — Edinburgh .i Review, vol. 15, p. 399. Laromiguiere (M, S.) Lerons de Pliilosophie, on Essai sur les facultes de Tame. Paris, 1820, 2 vols. Svo. ' *' There is in every branch of science a certain number of works which emerge from the crovvd of literary productions, and form epochs in the history of science. Thus, that branch of science which relates to the rights of nations, and which, among us, has made many steps towards perfection, was created by Montesquieu, developed by Rousseau, and brought to its present state of perfection, by modern writers : thus again. Moral Philosophy has also progressively advanced. Descartes took up and established the system of Bacon ; Locke profited thereby ; Condillac reduced to a system the theories of Locke, and M. Laromiguiere has completed the labours of Condillac. The book before us has the recommendation of clear method, profound reasoning, and sound philosophy.'* — Revue Ency. vol. 14, p. 44. Lastyrie (M. de): Collection de Machines, d'Instrumens, Usten- siles, Constructions, Appareils, &c. em- 83G ARTS AND SCIENCES. ployes dans I'economie rurale, domestiqwe, et iiidustrielles% acc^mpagnee de 200 planches 1-epresentant 1200 siijets. Deuxieme edition. Paris, 1823, 2 vols. 4lo. " We have several times had occasion to speak of the im- portance and utility of this work. Wc have only to add that this new edition contains a number of new designs of machines of the latest invention, whose qualities have been tried and ap- proved." — Revue Ency. vol, T8, p. 63G. Le Boyer (J.) Traite complet du Caleudrier, considere sous les rapports astronomique, commercial et liietorique, dans lequel on trouve les epheme- rides de tons les peuples et de tous les temps, avec des metliodes aisees pour passer d'une date a I'autre. Paris, 1822, 1 vol. 8vo. *' We had different treatises upon particular calendars, but there did not as yet exist, at least to our knowledge, a general ATork upon the subject. This want is ably supplied by the work of M. Lc Boyer. Moreover his predecessors considered the subject merely as it regards chronology ; M. Le Boyer, without neglecting this branch, pays also considerable attention to it as connected with astronomy. Useful to the reader, in a comiuercial point of view, as well as with respect to historical and astronomical knowledge, the Trnite du Calendrier enables liini to pass at once from our Calendar to all others, hoth an- cient and modern. In short, the Traite du Calendrier is a well-written hook, on a useful suhject, composed by an indus- trious and learned man." — Revue Ency. vol. 1.5, p. 367- 3IATHEMATICS, METAPHYSICS, &c. 337 Le Cat (Charles Nicholas). Traite des Sensations et des Passions en ge- neral, et des Sens en particulier, avec la theorie de I'ouTe. Paris, 1767, 3 vols. Svo. "The knowledge of the senses approaches nearly to that of the soul, of which they are the organs. M. Lc Cat explains their anatomy, functions and objects, with penetration always guided by experience. His work has given me a pleasure not to be described." — Gibhona' 3Iis. WTcs. vol. 2, p. 237. Legendre (A. M.) Elemens de Geometrie. Paris, 1817, Svo. " Bossut's Elements of Geometry, which appeared about the year 1775, is almost the only one in the French language, where geometrical accuracy is aimed at throughout. The work of M. Legendre, however, has accomplished its object more completely, we think, than that just mentioned, or indeed, than any other modern treatise of elementary geometry. It is very extensive, including the properties of the sphere, toge- ther with the cubature and complanatiou of the solids bounded by planes, and also of the sphere, cylinder, and cone. At the same time, the propositions contained in it are purely elemen- tary, that is, such as by their simplicity and generality, dcserA'c to be considered as the fundamental truths of the science of Geometry. * * * "We must take care of Legendre's trea- tise, which Ave cannot sufficiently recommend." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 15, p. 3-4. Mallebranche (Nicolas). z 338 ARTS AND SCIENCES. Be la Recherche de la Verite oii Toil traite de la nature et de I'esprit de I'hornme. Paris, 1712, 1 vol. 4to. Entretiens de Metaphysique. Paris, 1711, 2 vols. 12ino. " The moralist of the Cartesian school, was Mallebraiiche ; whose Treatise on Morals is distinguished by the ini^eiiuity and orij^inality of ' the Inquiry after Truth' and by a stronger shade of that mysticism which naturally colours his philosophy." — Edinburgh Rrvkw, vol. 27, p- 229. " MuUobranche was an indefatigable writer, especially in controversial matters. He was sometimes opposed to Arnauld. It has been said of him that he was the Fenelon of Contro- versy, and Arnauld, the Bossuet. JNIallebranche was not dis- tinguished in conversation. A clever writer, comparing this profound niotaphysician with the ingenious Fontenclle, with both of whom he had conversed, affirmed, " I found Malle- branrhe as much below his writings, as I found Fontenellc superior to his." — PcignoVs Manuel du Bibliophile vol. 1, p. 194. Massias (M. le Baron.) Rapports de la Nature a I'Homme, et de riiomme a la Nature, avec trois Tables sy- noptiques. Paris, 1822, 3 vols. 8vo. " Full of animation, this author appeals powerfully to the heart and to the understanding ; and inspires a tone of all that IP pure and beautiful. His writing is occasionally cmbued with a melancholy softness, which brh)gs to mind the finest MATHEMATICS, METAPHYSICS, &c. 339 touches of St. Pierre, and Chauteaiibriand." — Revue Ency. vol. 11, p. 527. — Principes de Litterature, de Philosophie, de Politique et de Morale. Paris, 1827, vol. 1. This first voluine, by the elegant and well known Massias, is written in a style similar to that of Lord Bacon's Aphorisms, and contains materials for thought, which, if fully developed, might fill many a bulky tome. — Probleme de I'esprit humain, faisant suite et complement au livre Du Rapport de la Nature a THomme, et de I'Homme a la Na- ture. Paris, 1825, 1 vol. 8vo. " Resumes are now completely fashionable. This is the Resume of all the Sciences and Arts ; the veritable Philo- sophic Manuel, containing the substance of all the systems of Philosophy which have exercised the human mind. It is an analytical treatise on the subject of the Deity, the universe, and Man : and is one of the most interesting books which have appeared for years." — Revue Ency. vol. 29, p. 214. — Theorie du Beau et du Sublime, ou Loi de la reproduction par les arts de I'homme orga- nique, intellectuel, social et moral, et de ses rapports. Paris, 1824, 8vo. " This is a supplementary volume to the author's book ' Sur le Rapport de la Nature d VHomme, et de Vhomone a la JVa- ture\ a work which has obtained for its author a distinguished rank among the Philosophers of France." — Revue Ency. vol. 31, p. 72. 310 ARTS AND SCIENCES. Noel et L. J. M. Carpentier. Nouveaii Dictioniiaire des Orig-iiics, Inventions et Decouvertes, dans les arts, les sciences, I'agriculture, la geograpliie, le commerce, etc. Paris, 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. This is a most useful hook. It contains the elements of every hranch of human knowledge. No hook is perhaps better entitled to a place hi the library of daily reference. Paixhans (H. J.) Nouvelle Force Maritime, et Application de cette force a quelques parties dii service de terre, on Essai sur I'etat actuel des moyens de la Force maritime, etc. Paris, 1822, 1 vol. 4to. with 7 plates. — Experiences faites par la Marine franraise sur une arme nouvell;^ ; changemens qui paraissent devoir en resuller dans le Systeme naval ; et examen de quelques questions re- latives a la marine, a I'arlillerie, a I'attaque et d la defense des cotes et des placey. Paris, 1825, 8vo. *' ThcNouvclle Force maritime is divided into eight books. In the first, M. Paixhans examines the ordinary means of the Navy, ships, pieces of ordnance, projectiles SiC. and concludes that by projectiles prepared for explosion, the most powerful innovation may be introduced. In the feecond book, he examines the ex- IMATHEMATICS, METAPHYSICS, &c. 3il tvnordlnary means, fire-ships, steam-vessels, fuzees, torpedoes, fulminating powder &c. and concludes that steam-vessels alone are deserving of great attention. In the third hook, he dis- cusses the improvements which might be introduced naval into artillery under the present system, ana establishes as a prin- ciple, that instead of having on board the same shij), three diiferent calibres, she may be entirely armed with pieces of the sansc calibre as Ihe principal battery, however great that may be. In the fourth book, he brings forward his proposed new artillery, or bomb-cannon, for firing large shells horizon- tally, and exhibits a great number of instances of the destruc- tive effects of loaded projectiles when employed against ship- ping. In the fifth book he discusses the calibres, weights, dhnensions, charges, &c. of the bomb-cannon. In the sixth book, he replies in great detail, to the various objections that have been, or may be made to the proposed new system. In the seventh, he proposes for the ships now existing, a mode of arming with howitzer-guns, and strengthened by some bomb- cannon ; a proposition, the inconvenience of which, he in his subsequent publication, candidly admits that a very small number of bomb-cannon being more than sufficient to produce immediately, a decisive effect, it is useless to add thereto lesser erTects, by an increase of embarrassment. Finally he examines by what system of naval material, the present line-of battle ships might he fought, and their place supplied by employing bomb-cannon, with sailing vessels as well as steam vessels, &c. * * * n appears that two distinct Commis- sions, composed of highly distinguished officers, as well as the French Academy of Sciences, have in their several reports expressed a decided opinion in favour of M. Paixhans' bomb- cannon, and of the propriety of admitting them, in small num- bers, on board of ships of the line : and they have recom- mended experiments, adapted to all circumstances, to be made 34-2 ARTS AND SCIENCES. with them at sea." — (^Sce Experiences Sfc.) Foreign Quar- terly Review, No. 4, p. 507-590. PORTALIS (E. J. M.) De Pusage el del'abusde I'Esprit philosophique, duraiit le dix-huitieme sieclc. J^iris, 1820, 2 vols. 8vo. " This work of M. Poitalls, is evidently deserving of niiirh praise, and liahle to some censure. We are of opinion that the good predominates, hut wo will not, however, rank tiiu hook among those which entitle their author to the claime of genius, ibr it does not shew thought and invention, so much as it displays an intimate acquaintance with the state and pro- gress of human knowledge, in its ditTerent hranehes." — Revue Ency. vol. J 5, p. 499. Puissant (L.) Traite de Topogra})hie, d'Arpeutage, et de Nivellement, avec deux supplemens, Paris, 1807, 4to. with plates. — Traite de Geodesic. Paris, 1819, 2 vols. 4to. " The principles of MM. Laplace, Lcgendre and Delambre, were collected in 1805, in a Triiite de Geode-sie, hy M. Puis- sant. He also })ublislied, in 1807, a continuation of his first work, having for its title, Traite de Topographie, d'arpen- tage, et de J^ivellement. These two productions, in which the author has explained in very clear terms, and demonstrated in a manner peculiar to himself, the formulas of our Geometri- cians and Astronomers, are also estimable on account of the MATIIEIMATICS, METAPHYSICS, &c. 343 number of examples which the author has drawn from proper sources; and the Jury therefore have declared these works to be worthy of honorable mention." — Rapport de rinstitut fyc. p. 132. Rochefoucauld (Le Due de la). Reflexions, on Sentences et Maximes morales. Paris, 1665, 12mo. This (says Brunet) is the first Edition ornamented with an Engraving by E. Picart, and accompanied by a preliminary discourse by Segrais, which in the later editions has been suppressed. The latest Edition mentioned by Brunet, is by Didot the Elder, 1815, with a Notice on Rochcfoucault, by M. Suard. " One of those works," says A^oltaire " which mainly con- tributed to the formation of the National taste, aiid to give it nicety and conciseness, was the collection of Maxims of Frangois de la Rochefoucault.^' Lord Chesterfield remarks of Rochefoucauld and La Bruyer-c (I6th. Letter to his Son.) " I will recommend to your at- tentive perusal, now you are going into the world, two books which will let you as much into the characters of men, as books well can do. I mean ' Les Reflexions 3Iorales de M. de la Rochefoucauld; and ' Les Camcteres de la Bniyere.'" RoGNiAT (Lieut.-Gen.) Considerations sur I'Art de la Guerre. Paris, 1821, 1 vol. 8vo. " This is the work of an experienced military commander, and an acute observer of events. General Roguiiit does not qonfino himself to the operations of his own corps; ho has 3M ARTS AND SC'JENCES. studied the causes of victory and defeat, in the general practice of the art of war. His works contain very oonipleto views, ob- servations delivered with £(rcat perspicuity, and able decisions, rehitivc to all great military operations."' — Revue Ency. vol. 10, p. 72. This critique is abridged from an article in the Revue, by Charles Dupin. lie also gives an anecdote in the same cri- tique which some of our readers may think interesting. Speak- ing of the General's work he adds ; — Rogniat makes some ob- scrvaticns on the battle of AVaterloo, which arc not very flat- tering to Napoleon ; it is probable that these observatioi:s had excited some degree of resentment in the breast of the ex-Em- peror ; ail information, which I obtained in the following man- ner : — During my last visit to London, I was presented with a manuscript by a Bookseller, which had been entrusted to him l;y the Countess of M . who had just returned from St. Helena. Some hesitation was evinced as to its publication, in consequence of the sum asked for the manuscript, and I was de- sired to examine it and decide its value. It was fl'ritten in a very fine band, and corrected here and there in pencil, appa- rently by Napoleon himself. It consisted of critical observations upon various remarkable works ; among others I noticed the Concordats of De Pradt, and the Consideratioufi, Sfc. of Ge- neral Rogniat. The observations on the former work appeared to me very striking ; those on the latter, as might naturally be expected, were not very flattering ; and their object was to demonstrate that the General had not properly estimated the public affairs which decided, during the Hundred Days, the fate of France. This manuscript, however, has never seen the lighj. NATURAL HISTORY, CHEMISTRY, ANATOMY, &c. INTRODUCTION. The French Chemists have for a considerable period, maintained the highest rank in the sci- ence of Chemistry. The " Annales de Chimie" are, among publications of a similar kind, of the greatest celebrity : Lavoisier, BERXHOLLETand FouRCROY rank among the most distinguished of its contributors. " Berthollet" say the Edin- burgh Reviewers, " appeared at an early pe- riod, as the associate of Lavoisier, and con- tributed to establish the modern system, by the zeal and ability with which he engaged in its defence." Chaptal's work, " La Chimie ap- pliquee aux Arts" is in great request among Artists, and has obtained commendation from the French Institute. In Natural History, the name of Burr on stands pre-eminent. Cuvier and Count Lace- PEDti follow next, both in interest and import- ance, in that popular branch of science. On the subject of Medicine, the celebrated Bichat and Cloquet are two of the most learned writers of 348 INTRODUCTION. the present day. In Mineralogy, Hauy and Humboldt deserve particular mention ; and in Geology, Dolomieu has, in the opinion of the Edinburgh critics, done more for that sci- ence than any man who has preceded or fol- lowed him. NATURAL HISTORY, &c. Annales, etc. Annales da Museum d'Histoire naturelle. Re- sume general de I'histoire des ossemens fos- siles des Pachy, dessines etc, par M. Cuvier. Paris, 1806, vol. 8. " The Annals of the Museum began to be published in 1802, and smce that time, in a series of valuable Memoirs, have annually contributed to enlarge the boundaries of sci- ence. * * * "VYe conceive this to be a most curious and valuable document concerning the ancient inhabitants of our globe. It is a work of great ingenuity and research ; and does infinite honour to the skilful Naturalist by whom it has been conducted." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 18, p. 215-228. Annales, &c. Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Memoires, concernant la Chimie et les Arts, qui en de- pendent, par MM. Guyton, Morveau, La- voisier, Berthollet, Fourcroy, etc. Paris, 1789-1816, 96 vols. 8vo. and 2 vols, of In- dexes. New Series, to 1819, 12 vols. 8vo. There is a lapsis in this Journal from September 17^3, to the first of Januavv, 1797- 350 NATURAL HISTORY, " Tlicsc Annals are more comprehensive in their ohjccts than the title papc would loiul to expect. Besides several original I\romoirs in each Niiniher, hy the Editors themselves, or their correspondents, they give a compendious view of the labours of others, and of all the discoveries successively made in Chemistry, and in the chemical arts and maiiufac-tures, throughout Europe. It is likewise a material part of their plan to repeat the interesting experiments of others, and to give an account of the results that take place in their own heads. The importance of such a work is obvious to every one : and the execution of it has hitherto done credit to the •well known abilities of the gentlemen who have undertaken \{:'-^Monthly Review, vol. 8, p. 1G9. Beclard, Chomel, etc. NouveauDiclionnaire de Medecine, Chirurgie, riiarmacie, Physique, Chimie, Histoire na- turelle, etc : ou I'oii trouve I'Et) mologie de lous les termes usites dans ces sciences, etc. par MM. Beclard, Chomel, H. Cloquet, J. Cloquet, et M. Orfila. Paris, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. *' The names of the contributors to this work are a sufficient guarantee of its ability. This was a Mork greatly wanted, and it is now most ably accomplished." — Revue Encij. vol. IG. Berthollet (Claude Louis). Essai de Statistique chiniique. Paris, 1803, 2 vols. 8vo. CHEMISTRY, ANATOMY, &c. 351 " The learned will always admire the labours by which M, Berthollet has enriched chemistry, and they will unanimously ngrce that a work which presents such profound views, deve- loped in a mamier so perspicuous, is one of the finest productions of the human mind." — Rapports de Vlnstitut, Sfc. p. 25. — Elemensdel'Art de la Teinture, seconde edi- tion. Paris, 1804, 2 vols. 8vo. — Recherches et nouvelles Recherches sur les lois des affiniles Chimiques. Paris,1806, 8vo. " Berthollet appeared at an early period, as the associate of Lavoisier, and contributed to establish the modern system, by the zeal and ability with which he engaged in its defence. He has enriched it by the discovery of several important truths ; and society is indebted to him for the most successful appli- cation of chomical agency that has ever perhaps been made by a scientific chemist — that of the action of the oxymuriatic acid on vegetable colouring matter to the art of bleaching ; an appli- cation by which the processes of that art have within a few years been completely changed." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 5, p. 141. BiCHAT (Xavier). Recherches physiologiques sur la Vie et la Mort, quatrieme edition, augmentee par F. Magendie. Paris, 1822, 8vo. " I'he work of Bichat bears the impress of an active and acute genius. It exhibits the most enlightened views of animal economy, and a most profound knowledge of the science of Me^icmQ."— Rapports de Vlnstitut, ^c. p. 90. M.Bichat is the author of several other works, equally esteemed. BoissEAu (F. G.) 852 NATURAL HISTORY, Pyretologie physiolog'iqae, oil Traite des Fie- vres, considerees dans resi)rit de la uouA^elle doctrine medicale. Paris, 1826, 8vo. This work contains a faithful account of the progress of mo- dern medical science in France. Brongniart (M. a.) &c. Histoire naturelle des Crustaces fossiles, sous les rapports zoologique et geologique ; savoir les Trilobites, par A. Brongniart, et les Crus- taces proprement dits, par A. G. Desmarest, Paris, 1822, 1 vol. 4to. with plates. " In the work before us the subject is treated ex professo ; the Lithographic Plates attached to it, have considerable merit. All the public collections of objects in Natural History were open to the authors." — Revue Ency. vol. \\, p. 500. BuFFOX, See Complete TForks. Chaptal (M le Comte). La Chimie ai)pliquee aux Arts. Paris, 1806, 4 vols. 8vo. " Lc Traite de la Chimie, appliquee aux Arts, has the repu- tation of having disclosed the secrets of artists, and though they deny that such is the case, it must be confessed that the principles have been developed upon which those secrets rnust rest. This Treatise has been already translated into several languages, and adopted by several governments, for public in- struction. The object of this well-known treatise is the dc- CiIE:»nSTRY, ANATO.^IV, &c. S'S volopemont of tlio principlps of Chemistry, in the most plain and lucid luannor, and at the same time to shew hoAA' far these principles are applicable to the useful arts." — Rapports' dv Vlnstitnt ^c. p. 1;5;3-.13Q. — La Chimie appliquee a rAgriculture. Paris, 1823, 2 vols. 8vo, " M. Chaptal's principles of Agriculture are placed upon incontrovertible grounds. His precepts have received the sanction of time and experience ; but still it must be admitted that he has not given all the Chemical applications which might be made use of in Agriculture." — Revue Ency. vol. 20, p. 286. — L'Art de faire et de gouverner le Vin. Pa^ ris, 1819, 8vo. with plates. " This work, (JL'Art de la Teinture du Coton en rouge. Pa~ ris, I807j8yo.j by M. Chaptal, forms an interesting appendix to that of Berthollet. ( Trait k dc Vart de la Teinture.) Jjurt de faire le Vin, by the same author, has been distin- guished by that success, Avhich is sure to attend productions of public utility." — Rapports de VInstifut, Sfc. p. 132. CiviALE (Le Docteur.) De la Litliotritie, ou broiement de la pierre dans la vessie. Paris, 1826, 1 vol. 8vo. " This work of Dr. Civiale contains the history of this in- \'ention. The observations he had already made upon man, afforded him an opportunity for various improvements. This skilful surgeon is entitled to the greatest praise, for the zeal, talent, and perseverance he has showu in a gause so useful to humanity." — Revue Ency. vol. 34, p. 188. A 2 354 NATURAL IIISTORV, Cloquet (Hippolyte). Faune des Medecins, ou Histoire naturelle dea Animaux et dc leurs produits, &c. Paris, 1822,6 vols. Svo. with 60 i)lates. " This book enables us, iimong other things, to ascertain the different qualities (as far as regards digestion) of every de- scription of animal food. It is equally interesting to the general reader, to the physician, and the surgeon. It is clearly and elegantly written, and very beautifully illustrated from designs by M. Cloquet himself." — Revue EncTj, vol. 16, p. 142. Cloquet (Jules.) — Anatomie de I'Homme, on description et fig"ures lithographiees, de tontes les parties da corps hnmain. Paris, 1822, fol. 240 plates. " M. Jules Cloquet, by making use of the lithographic pro- cess for his engravings, has brought a work of otherwise ama- zing expencc, into a moderate compass, as far as it regards price. It is a work deserving the highest commendation." — Revue En~ ci/.voh 20, p. 614. CuviER (M. le Baron). Recherches snr les Animaux fossiles, oil I'on retablit les caracteres dc plusieurs animaux dont les revolutions du Globe out detruit les especes. Nouvelle edition, entierement re- fondue et considerablement au^mentee. Pa- ris, 1827, 5 vols. 4to. CIIE^IISTRY, ANATO-^IY &c. 355 " This work is worthy of the celebrated Naturalist ; it ex- hibits asplciulid example of the progress of science, and what- ever theories may exist, posterity will gratefully preserve a work which has cost so much labour, which contains so many im- portant facts, and which presents so many useful lessons to the lovers of science." — Revue Ency. vol. 23, p. 290. — Des Dents des Mammiferes, consideres comme caracteres zoologiques. Paris, 1823, 1 vol. 8vo. " This is one of the most useful works which have appeared for a long time on Zoology : and such a one as never could have been accomplished but for the assiduity of M. Georges Cuvier, who for a number of years has been employed in col- lecting the necessary materials. The author describes, with the utmost exactness, the different kinds of teeth of the upper and lower jaw, begimiing with those of man downwards." — Revue Ency. vol. 17, p. 600. — Lemons d'Anatomie comparee de G. Cuvier, recueillies et publiees sous ses yeux, par C. Pumeril. Paris, an viir. 5 vols. 8vo. " The whole system of comparative anatomy is here developed, from man to the lowest of animal creation. A number of learned men have contributed to render this work as complete as pos- sible ; at the head of w]ii«h, however, stands Cuvier ; and this work which bears his name, distinguished for its assemblage of facts and illustrations, without any mixture of theory, is already considered a classic, and is in the hands of all who wish to be made acquainted with comparative anatomy in its fullest extent.** •^Pougcns' Bibliothequc Fi'anralse, No. 3, p. 39-oU 856 NATURAL IliSTOIlV, CUVIER & BrOGNIANT. Essai sur la Geographie min6ralogiquc des en- virons de Paris. Paris, 1811, Svo. " The maiinor in which the Essay is written, and in which the invention has been conducLcfl, appear to us (o be entitled to the highest praise. Great attentio.i and industry have been employed in obtaining the necessary information ; and great skill in turning it to the best account. The descriptions are given without theory, in plain intelligible language ; and lead to an accurate knowledge and classification of the organic remains." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 20, p. 379. DOLOMIEU (M. D.) Siir la Philosophic mincralogique, et sur I'cs- pece mineralog"ique. Paris, 1802, Svo. " This is the best bequest made to science, by the powerful genius of Dolomieu. * * * He has done more for geo- logy than any man who has preceded or followed him, unless an exception be made in favour of the illustrious De Saussure. .-r: * * ^^ jjfg spent in continual activity, left him few mo- ments to arrange his observations, or to describe the regions he visited. Yet the detached essays he has pul)lished, are the most original and ingenious speculations to which the sti>dy of the earth has yet given rise ; and his descriptions of the Lipari and Pontian Inlands, need no higher praise than they derive from a comparison with the performances of other min- cralogical travellers. The Essay snr la Philosophie 3Iinera' iogique, is the work of a man who was acquainted with all existing systems, and sensible of their defects ; who had gc- iiiu.s to devise a remedy, and judgment to point out its appli- CHEMISTRY, AXAT03IY, &c. 3.37 fcation. This work has nothing to do with present systems, but to expose their errors ; and proceeds no further in frauiin^f a new one than to define clearly, the line that should be pur- sued." — Edinburgh Review, vol, 4, p. 284-288. Count Lacepedc in his Vue Generalc 8fc. thus eulogizes this author — " Dolomieu tracks science to its most elevated points. Accustomed to the consideration of great subjects, he pours forth his vast conceptions, and gives, under the title of Philosophic ^lineralogiquc, a work, tlie merits of which time only can appreciate." Dumas (C. L.) Principes de Physiologic. Paris, 1807, 4 vols, 8vo. This work shews a vast erudition, and is well worthy of honors able mention among those which treat on the same subject. FONTENELLE (M. Julia), Manuel de Chimie medicale. Paris, 1824, 8vo. *' Chemistry received such an extraordinary impulse fron^ the labours of Priestly, Lavoisier, Berthollet, &c, as brought that science to apparent perfection. The experiments and re- searches of Davy, Thenard, Gay-Lussac, &c. appear, however, to have opened a new career, in which numbers have more or less distinguished themselves. At the time when that impulse was given, a number of elementary works appeared among us, the most remarkable of which, are the Traite klementaire ih: Chimie by the illustrious Lavoisier, the Sijsthne des Connai.^'f sances Chimiqices, by the elegant Fourcroy ; the Ell'jnens ((p 3o8 NATUHAI. Hi. STORY, Chimic, by M. Chaptal, the immortal work of Bcrtholletj entitled Statique Chimiqiic, and lliially, the Traite dc Chimie by M. Thenard, which is considered the most classical. Still a more concise work was wanted i this has been accomplished by M. Julia Fontenelle. * * * It is uncommonly well written and has the peculiar merit of containing only those facts which are necessary to be known. ' 1 have only gleaned', says the author ' in the vast field of Chemistry, happy if what 'I have collected may be turned to a useful account.' " — Revue Encj, vol. 22, p. 413-415. FOURCROY (A. F.) Systome des connaissances chimiques. Paris, 1801, 6 vols. 4to. " The philosophical system of chymistry, of the celebrated Fourcroy, contains in a few words, the whole system of Chy- niistr}-." — Poitgcns' Bihtiothcqiie Fravcciisc, No. 7, p, 132. " The greatest work which has appeared of latter days on Chemistry, is that of M. Le Comte Fourcroy. In this work, which consists of ten volumes, may be found a clear and com- plete developement of the practical results of experiments in the science, known at the time of its publication : and as a great portion of these results have been produced by the author, his work has all the character of origlnalit}'. Yet it must be con- fessed that the theory of affinities, which forms the l)asis and the philosophy of Chemistry, is treated rather superficially in the jSi/.s-thne ^-c." — Rapporis de Vlnfitititt, SfC. p. 13. Gall (F. G.) Anatomic et Pliysiologie du Systeme nerveux CHEMISTRY, ANATOMY. &c, S.'Jft en general, et du cerveau en particulier, etc. Paris, 1819, 4 vols. 4to. "We will not conclude our analysis of this Avork, without doing M. Gall the justice to ohserve that he expresses his opi- nions with remarkable clearness, so that his ideas seem naturally to arise from each other/' — Revue Ency. vol. 1, p. 126. Hauy (R. J.) Le Traite elementaire de Physique. Paris, 1806, 2 vols. 8vo. " The Traite elementaire de physique of M. Haliy, cannot receive too much praise, for its clearness, for its elegance even, or for the care which is manifested to collect together every physical result, including the experiments of the present day." — Rapports de l'Institut,\y. 15. — Le Traite de Mineralogie. Paris, 1801, 4 vols. 8vo. and atlas, 4to. *' This work is a novel illustration of this important science. The ingenious theory of Chrystallization, of the'author's inven- tion, is applied with admirable skill, to all the known chrys- tallisible minerals, and the erudite researches of the author, to draw together all the facts with which Chemistry and Geo- logy have enriched the study of Mineralogy, render this Trea- tise the most complete of its kind, and a most finished model of the art of illustrating, with perspicuity and grace, a very difficult science." — Rapports de I'histitut, p. 15. Humboldt (Alexandre de) Sur I'Elevation desMonta^nesde I'Inde. Paris, 1817. 800 NATURAL IlISTOllV, " There is pciluips no man living who has made, in his own person, and coUecled from others, so many facts and ohscr- vations connected with the varioiis atmosplierical phenomena, as the Earon dc Humholdt. His Essay on Isothermal lines, and the distribution of heat over the globe, was an able and elaborate production. Fond as he sometimes is of generalizing from a small number of insulated facts, he proceeded in that with .ill the caution which the delicacy and difhculty of the subject required. In the memoir before us, more confined in its object, but still closely connected with the former, we can- not say that he appears in so advantageous a light." — Quar- tcrly llcvieWi vol. 22., p. 415. ' — Tableau pliysique des Regions equatoriales, &c. Paris, 1S07, 4to. " No name stands higher than that of Humboldt, among the lovers of geographical and j)hysical scicuce. In exploring 'the tropical regions of the New World, this accomplished traveller has displayed a resolution and perseverance, that have never been surpassed by any former adventurer. Very few- individuals indeed were better qualified than 31. de Humboldt for executing that arduous undertaking'. Zealous, active, vigorous ; imbued with liberal knowledge, skilful in general physics, and particularly attacked to chemistry, and its kin- died branches, possessing ample means of indulging his taste, while thirsting after discoveries, and fired with emulation and the generous passion of fame, he has directed his enquiries into every dcpartnacnt of nature and society. The mass of curious information whicb he procured in those distant travels, and tlie superl) collection which he was enabled to make, I'ela- tivc to diiVcrent objects of science, far exceed anything that has heretofore been achieved by the exertions of an indi- vidual. Much interesting light is thus cast on the history of CHEMISTRY, ANATOMY, &c. 3C1 our species ; tlie limits of accurate geography are extended ; and the stores of botany, zoology, and mineralogy, are enriched with immense additions." — Ediniurgh Revieic, vol. IG, p. 223-4. Jc'LiA FoxTEXELLE, See Fontenelle. Lacepj^de (Le Comte de). Vue geiierale des progres de plusieurs branches des sciences naturelles, depuis le milien du dernier siecle. Paris, 1819, 1 vol. 8vo. ** This rapid sketch by one of our most illustrious yet modest writers, with the title of Vue generale, ^'c. is a faithful deli- neation of the formation and progress of those sciences, which present at the same time the origin and progress of industry and civilization. The author, wishing to point out those works which have reference to the subjects treated by Buffon, gives a list of upwards of forty, which have contributed to the progress of the science in question, out of which we select the following ; — La Zoologie Jlnalytique ; et Le Traite elementaire (THis- toire 7iaturelle, by M. Dum6ril. L' Histoire naturelle des Oi- «cai/.t?, published in the Encyclopedie methodique, hy Mauduit. Le Traite elementaire et complet d'Ornithologie, the two last volumes by the Naturalist Daudin. U Analyse d'une 7iouvelle OrnitJiologie elementaire, by M. Vicllot. Le Systeme dot Oiseaux, by a young professor of Berlin, M. Iliger. L" Histoire des Oiseanx d^Afriquc, by the celebrated M. Le Vaillant. The numerous works of M, Gcoifroy de St. Hilaire, which may be foimd in the Annales da Museum, the Magasin encyclope- dique, in the famous Dcscriptio7i de VEgypte, and in the im- pjortant work which he has just published, Sur les organcs de la respiration, NATURAL HISTORY, 1'hc finest work (says Brunct) on this interesting subjoct of Botanical science. Regxault (M.) Considerations sur I'etat de la Medecine eu France, depuis la Revolution jusqu'A nos jours. Paris, 1819, 1 vol. 8vo. *^ M. Regnault has not Avritten a complete history of the state of medicine in France from the time of the Revolution ; but merely a few simple facts and considerations. It is to he regretted that so experienced and able a pen should haA'e been sa circumscribed in its efforts." — Revue Enoy. vol. 3, p. 50. RoQUEs (Joseph) Phytographie medicale, ornee de figures colo- riees de grandeur naturelle, oil Ton expose I'Histoire des Poisons, tires du r^gne vege- tal, et les moyens de remedier a leurs effets deleteres, avec des observations sur les pro- prietes et les usages des plantes heroYques. Paris, 1821-25, 36 livraisons, 4to. *' The learned moyio graphics of Vicat, on the poisonous plants of Switzerland, and that of Bulliard, on those of France, Ktill left a vacuum, which is now filled up by the work of M. Roques. The vegetables are arranged, in this book, in their natural classes, an arrangement which has its advantages, for there is often an analogy between the form of vegetables, and their properties ; but it has its disadvantages also, as form docs not always give a correct notion of property. Correct dcsorip- CHEMISTRY, ANATOMY, &c. 3G7 tions and equally correct plates, could alone remedy this de- fect, and with regard to these, the work of M. Roques may be mentioned as a perfect model. The author deserves great praise also, for the skill with which he has availed himself of the discoveries recently made in chymistry and physiology. * * * Next to the danger of using dangerous plants, is that of employing inefficacious ones. It is astonishing how many useless ones were used by the ancients, and are still employed by us. In our opinion M. Roques has by his observations on this part of his subject, conferred a great benefit on science." — Revue Ency. vol. 15, p. 469. St. Vincent (M. Bory de.) L'Homme, (Homo) Essai zoologique sur le genre humain. Deuxieme edition. Paris, 1827,2 vols. 16mo. *' M. Bory de Saint Vincent attempts to prove that there are several species of Human Kind ; that Adam is the father of but one of these species ; that the Book of Genesis contains only the History of but a single family, &c. It is an interesting^ production." — Revue Ency. vol. 35, p. 414. — Dictionnaire classique d'Histoire naturelle, par MM. Audoiiin, A. Brongniart, de Can- dolle, Beshayes, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, &c. sous la direction de M. Bory de Saint Vin- cent. Paris, 8vo, (Contimied.) " We have noticed from time to time, the rapidly increasing reputation and importance of this excellent Dictionary. A careful examination of the preceding volumes, has led us to 308 NATURAL IlISTORV T- the conclusion that each succeeding tome has surpassed its pre- decessors. The authors seem animated by a desire to oat- strip all works of the same nature, which have gone before ; and we think they have thus far succeeded." — Revue Encif. vol. 35, p. G98. St Hilaire (M. Geoffro} ). Pliilosophie anatomiqno. Des Monstruosites Iminaiues. Paris, 1822, 8vo. with atlas. "A work so rich in examples, and containing so many novel views, cannot fail to excite an extraordinary interest, and wilJ no doubt give rise to many lively discussions/' — Revue Enci/. vol. 17, p. 253. — Philosophic anatomique des organes respi- ratoires. Paris, 1818, 1 vol, 8vo. ••' This is an extremely interesting work, the full merits of which, however, can only be appreciated by men of Icarning/'^ — Revue Eiicy. vol. 1, p. 310. Thenard (L. J.) Traite de Chimie elementaire, theorique et pra- tique. Troisieme edition. Paris, 1821, 4 vols. 8vo. " This work of the learned Professor, took its rank as a classic production from the first moment of its publication. To the third edition the author has added numerous disco- veries, resulting from the progressive improvement of the Sci- ence of Chemistry." — Revue Ency. vol. 11, p. 169. NATURAL HISTORY. 369 Velpeau (M.) r|i Traite d'Anatomie cliiriirgicale, ou Aiiatomie dans ses rapports, avec la Chiruri(ie. Paris, 1826, 2 vols. 8vo. *' M. Vdpcau, a celebrated Professor of Anatomy and Sur- gery, lias accomplished a work very much wanted nmon^ Ana- tomists. It has been already translated into several languages, and highly appreciated by French Surgeons. The plates at- tached to the work are extremely well executed, and greatly facilitate the kaowledge of the subject." — Revue Ency. \o\, 31, p, 210. B 2 JOURNALS, PERIODICAL WORKS, &c. TNTRODLCTIOlSr. One of the oldest and most celebrated Journals in Europe, is the '* Journal des Savans," pro- jected in 1665, by Denis de Sallo, who pub- lished his first Essay in the name of the Sieur de Hedouville, his footman ! The " Mercure galant et Mercure de France," commenced in 1672, has been edited, at various periods, by some of the first literary men in France. Its brightest days were immediately prior to the French Revolution. The different periodical works, which received the assistance of such men as Bayle, Le Clerc, &c. are sure to find a place in every complete library. Among' modern publications of this nature, we cannot omit the mention of the " Revue Encyclope- dique ;' which is deservedly considered as one of the best and most comprehensive Reviews in Europe. For the character and description of those Journals, which relate to particular branches of Literature and the Arts, we must refer our readers to the succeeding pages. PERIODICAL WORKS. Annales, etc. Annales politiques, civiles, et litteraires du dix- huitieme siecle, par Linguet. London, 1777- 91, 180 nos. in 19 vols. 8vo. Linguet commenced, in England, the celebrated Jlnnalcf} Politiques et Litteraires. This Journal had great success. The last volumes are scarce. Three volumes of extracts were pub- lished at Paris, in 1787, in 6 vols. 8vo. Annei2sLitterairrs, etc. Annees litteraires (Les cinq) de 1748-52, par Clement. La Haye, 1754, 4 tomes in 2 vols. 12mo. "The Cinq Annees Litteraires, had an astonishing run, and are still in repute, not only in France, but in other coun- tries. It must he allowed that this success is not altogether unmerited. They contain some excellent critiques, observa- tions replete with taste, and remarks distinguished for their wit and piquancy." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 5, p. 891. Annee litteraire, par Freron pere et autres, depuis 1754 jusqu'en 1776, et continnee par Freron fils, Royou, Geoffroy, Brotier, etc. jusqu'en 1790. Paris, 1754-91, 292 vols. 12mo, 376 PERIODICAL WORKS. A very celebrated journal, and scarce. The Lett res sur quclques ecYits de ce temps, of which the t/lnnee Litteraire is a continuation, consist of 13 vols, in I'Zmo. printed at Paris, J 752-54, but bearing a London imprint. The Jinnee Litte- raire wa?, re-commenced in 1800, by M M. Gcotfroy and Gro- sicr, but continued only to the seventh volume. " It would be ditlicult to distinguish, in all !* Bibliotlieque ancienne et moderne, par J. le Glerc, 28 vols. 12mo. and vol. of contents. Amsterdam, 1714-27. " The cotemporarj', and the antagonist of Bayle, was Le Clerc. His firm industry has produced three Dibliothbqurs — Universelle tt Historique — Choisie — and Ancienne et Mo- derne. Ijiferior to Bayle in the more pleasing talents, he is perhaps superior in erudition, and shews great skill in analysis; but his hand drops no llowcrs ' His volumes are still consulted ; Gibbon resorted to them at his leisure, ' as an inexhaustible source of amusement and instruction.' " — Curiosities of Lite- rature, vol. I, p. 22- Bibliotlieque Germanique, par MM. L'Enfant, Beausobre, de Mauclerc, et Formey. Am- sterdam, 1720-40. " Beausobre and L'Enfant, tt\'0 learned Protestants, com- pleted a valuable Bibliothbque Germanique, in 60 vols. An interesting work is the Journal Britanique, in 18 volumes, by the father of the late Alaty. He was a foreign physician, re- siding in London ; this Journal procured him reputation, and exhibits a pleasing view of the state of English literature from 1750 to 1755. Gibbon bestows abigh character on this Jour- nalist, who sometimes aspires to the character of a poet and a philosopher ; one of the last disciples of the school of Fonte- nelle'' — Curiosities of Literature, vol. I, p. 23. BuLLETixV, etc. Bulletin universel des Sciences etde Tlndustrie, continuation du Bulletin general et universel S78 PERIODICAL WORKS. des Annonces ct dc nouvelles scientifiques ; dedie aux Savans de tons les pays et a la Li- brairie iiationale et etrangere ; publie sous la direction de M. le Baron de Ferussac. Paris, 1828, (Continued.) The following extracts from the Prospectus of this excellent and valuable work sufficiently explain its nature, and the encouragement it has received at the hands of the public, will be easily accounted for, when Ave state that besides being con- ducted by a man of acknowledged talent and unwearied per- severance, it can boast among its numerous coUahorateurs, of such men as Ampere, Dupin, Fourier, Lacroix, Poisson, &c. for the Mathematics ; Francoeur, Freycinet, Mathias, Rossel, &c. in Astronomy ; Bequercl, Dulong, Dumas, Fresnel, &c. in Natural Philosophy ; Chaptal, Langier, Thenard, &c. in Chemistry ; F6russac, Jussieu, St Hilaire, J3ory de St. Vincent, Dumeril, Lacepede, &c. in the natural sciences ; Railly, Ma- gendie, Spurzheims, Orfila, Dupay, &c. in the medical sciences ; Duport, Lasterio, ]\Tic]i;!iid, Tessier, &c. in rural and domestic Economy ; F6russac, Klaproth, Champollion, Langles, Walkc- naer, &c. in Geography, Statistics, &c. Saint-Martin, Mionnet, Ilaoul-Ilochotte and Champollion, in History and Antiquities. " The object of this publication is to furnish to mathematicians, natural and experimental philosopliers, chemists, geologists, naturalists, medical men, agriculturists, manufacturers, engi- neers, historians, philologists, military meu ; in short to every savaoit, a substantial analysis of all the works, and a complete epitome of all the academical memoirs, and periodical collec- tions published in every part of the civilized world ; to form a methodical repcrtorij of all the facts connected with the branches of science to which they arc attached ; and a monthly PERIODICAL WORKS. 379 view of the successive efforts of the liuman inind, in ovpiy nation. " The Editor flatteis himself witli thus heing ahlc to establish between the cultivators of the sciences and useful arts in all countries, an active and regular correspondence, to create for them a prompt and unexpensive method of giving publicity to their labours, and to secure for their discoveries (whatever may be their opinions) an unexceptionable register ; his object is, by disscmminating rapidly in all quarters a knowledge of facts, of processes, and of machinery, which interest men of science, and the greatest number of the social professions, to contribute to the progress of the sciences, and at the same time to faci- litate their numerous and important applications. " Every person in the least acquainted with the manner in which the sciences and useful arts are now cultivated in the dif- ferent countries of the globe ; all who know the isolated state in which men of science, agriculturists, and manufacturers stand to oach other; everyone, in short, who is capable of appreciating the utility of a bond of connection calculated to bring them to- gether, and enable them to derive mutual advantage from the successes they achieve, will fully comprehend the extent and im- portance of theideawhichhas induced M. de Ferussac to create and direct so laborious an undertaking, which may exorcise so beneficial an influence in the advancement of science, and in for- warding the prosperity of the various branches of manufactures in every nation. " The effects which this sort of Universal Telegraph will produce, may indeed be looked upon as certain. It will compel persons to read, by the single fact that it will announce at the very moment of their appearance, the different productions pub- lished in all countries, the A'ery existence of which, but for it, would have remained unknown ; it will save a great deal of usc- l('ss and imperfect labour|: the time and expense thrown away 380 TERIODICAL ^\'ORKS. in experiments oiid attempts to arrive at results wliicli other* have already discovered, will be employed in making new step* and additional progress in the sciences and useful arts. It will act as a stimulus to men of science, and persons engaged in manu- factures, by the periodical review of the etl'orts of their contem- poraries, which will appear every month, to rouso the activity or personal interests of natioiw and individuals." Choix, etc. Choix des aiiciens Mercures, avec iiii extrait clu Mercure fraiicais, par De la Place, Bas- tide, Marmontel, et De la Porte. Paris, 1757, 1764, 108 vols. 12mo. generally bound up in 54 vols, with 1 vol. of index. " It must be allowed that this collection is one of the most curious, varied, and most agreeable and useful that can be pro- cured. It is, from its nature, not only a necessary acquisition to all great libraries, but it is also a very valuable repertory for the more popular class of readers. It embraces extracts from more than 1500 vols, of the Mercure de France, as well as from other journals, especially those of Holland." — Barhier's Bill. ^'c. vol. 5, p. 202. Decade, etc. Decade pliilosophique, politique, et litteraire, Journal commence au 10 floreal, an ii. [1794,] redige par MM. J. B. Say, Amaury Duval, Ging-uene, Le Breton, Andrieiix, &c. Paris, an II [1794] a 1807, 54 vols. 8vo. The Decade first made its appearance amidst the horrors of PERIODICAL WORKS. 38i ihe Revolution. It was conducteil by n. Society of Men of Let- lers. The first number appeared the 10 Floreal, j'ear II (April, 1/^*-) Th,e 10 Veiidemiare, yrar 13, this Journal was entitled Revue philosophiqiip, litternirc, et politique. It was terminated in Sept. 1817, and consists of .54 vols. JVI. Gingucn6 may be considerod as the founder of this Journal ; his articles are generally naarked by the initial G. A number of articles bear the following signatures: A. (Andrieux,) L. B. (Le Bre- ton,) E. B. (Encyclopedic Brit'inniqiie, or M. A. P. Lottin). V. B. (V. Boisjolin,) L. C. (La Chabeaussi^re,) A. D, ( anaury Duval,) P. C. (Paulin Crassous) L. (La Beaume,) M. (Ma- rini6,) V. D. M (Victor D. Musset) O. (Auger,) G. P. (Guil- iaume Petitain,) H, S. (Horace Say,) J. B. S. (Jean-Baptiste Say) Ch. T. (Charles Theremin,) G. S. (Guillaurae-Toseau.) Horace Say edited the chapters on French politics, from the month Nivose, year 4, to the month Flor6al, year 5. His bro? ther, J. B, Say had the principal management of this Journal, from its commencement to the year 8, lyhen it fell into the hands of M. Amaury Duval." — Barbier's Bibl.fyc.\o\ 5, p. 210. Esprit, etc. Esprit des Journaux, frannais et etrang-ers, de 17/2-1818. Liege et Bruxelles, 1772 et annees suivantes, 495 vols. 12mo. This useful enterprise was commenced in 177-, by the ox- Jesuit, Coster. M. Millon was employed on it from 1780 In 1787- It has been well-conducted, and is a very respectable work. It is rarely to be found complete. There are five vol?. «f index, which are an indispensable accompaniment to thn vork. Gazette de France, &c. 382 PERIODICAL WORKS. Gazette de France, depuis 1631 jusqu'eii 1792, par Theophraste Eusebe et Isaac Reiiaudot ; Hellot, dopuis 1718, jusqu'eii 1/32, TAbbe Ijangier, I'Abbe Arnaud, Suard, de Querlon, Kt^mond de Saiiite-Albine, de Montry, Bret, Fallet, Marin, Collet, et I'Abbe Aubert, 162 vols. 4to. To this collection should be added an index to the first 135 A-oIs. down to I7G3, by Genet, Paris 1766, 3 vols. 4to. The Gazette do JPrance owes its establishment to the celebrated genealogist P. d'Hozier. He had a great number of corre- spondents both at home and abroad ; and the result of this correspondence was communicated to his friend Theophrastc Rcnaudot, and between them, they formed the plan of the Gazette, which made its first appearance in 1631. The Gazette de France has been almost always under Min- isterial guidance. Its editorship has been generally confided to writers of acknowledged reputation. Gazette nationale, ou le Moniteur iiniversel, redige successivement par MM. Maret, Thuau-Grandville, Rabaut de St.-Etienne, Ginguene, Guillois, Trouve, et Sauvo. Pa- ris, 1790-1822, 65 vols. fol. y compris I'lntro- diiction historique, redigee par M. Thuau- Grandville, en I'an 4 de la Republique(1724). This Journal, essentially political, is nevertheless distin- guished for occasional articles of great merit on literary sub- jects. Its contributions are particularly noticed for moderate and steady criticism. The Indexes published in the year 1800, are of great utility. The introductory volume is ecarcc. PERIODICAL WORKS. 3S3 Globe. (Le) Recueil philosophique etlitteraire, Paris, 1826, and following years. This excellent Journal has from its commencement enjoyed a high reputation, and is considered by many as the first literary paper in Europe. It is chiefly composed of articles on the leading and most interesting subjects, written by men of first rate talent, and which may not only be perused now from the momentary interest attached to those subjects, but which will be read hereafter on account of the soundness of their criticism, the correctness of their composition, and the learning and genius they evidently display. JOURNAUX. Journal des Mines, publie par I'Agence des Mines. Paris, an in. (1766)-18I5. This Journal (says Brunet) commenced in the year 3 of the Republic ; was suspended in the Germinal, year 8, and was reproduced in Germinal, year 9 ; 12 Numbers appeared annually ; the last number in 1815, is the '228th. There is besides, a volume of contents up to the 30th. volume. The continuation is entitled ; R/'ciceil de JSlemoires relatifs d Vart des Mines, (completing the year 1816) 1 vol. and Jlnnalcs des Mines, 1817 to 1819, in 3 volumes. Lacepede in his P^ue Generate 8fc. speaking of the Jour- nal des Mines, designates it as a " precious collection of ma- terials both for the friends of the public welfare, and for those attached to the study of the branches of science which it elucidates," Journal Encyclopedique. Liege, 1756, et an- nees suivantes, 250 aoIs. 12mo. S84 PERIODICAL WORKS, " This Journal took the whole range of scier.ce and arts. Rousseau of Toulouse, was its founder, and for a long time its Editor. It met with a very favorable reception both at home and abroad. It is a mixture of the utile and the dnlcc ; and consists of 288 vols, from 1750 to M^l" — Bfirhicr's Bibl. vol. 5, p. 191. Journal Economique. Paris, 1751-1772, 28 v^ols. 12mo. and 15 vols. 8vo. " The Journal Economiqxie, edited by an association of men of Letters, was commenced in 175 1. It contains some excellent articles. The complete collection consists of 43 vols." — Barhier's Bibl. vol. 5, p. 194. Journal de Paris, compose principalement par Sautreau et Corancez. depufs 1777 jusqu'en 1790; depuisMai, 1789, jusqii'en 1793, par MM. D. J. Garat, Condorcet, Regnaud de St.-Jean-d'Angely ; depuis 1793 jnsqu'd ce jour, par MM. Roederer, etc. Paris, 1777, et annees suivantes, 4to. The Journal de Paris first appeared in 1777; it is there- fore the oldest of the French daily Journals. Up to 1789, M. Sautreau de Marsy, conducted that part of it devoted to litera- ture, to the satisfaction of the enlightened part of the commu- nily. For some years after the commencement of the Rcvo- luton, its columns were dedicated to politics only. It is not yet forgotten with what energy and talent, the labours of the repre- sentative body were there commented on, by Garat, Condorcet, and Regnaud de Saint-Jcan-d'Angcly. Literature was again introduced to its columns in 179G by one of its Proprietors, M. Roederer. PERIODICAL WORKS, 38o Journal etranger, depuis 1754, jusqu'a 1762. Paris, 1754, et aniiees suivantes, 45 vols. 12mo. " This Journal, Avhicli has sustained many changes, has al- ways been considered an excellent repository of a-jcicnt and modern Literature. Its Editor established a chain of infor- mation between the different nations of l^nrope. By its means the productions of the Bards, and the Literature of Germany became better known in France. Unfortunately it suffered many interruptions, and closed its existence too soon. It had a number of Editors ; among the principal, were Toussaint, the Abbe Pr6vost, Freron, Moette, Delayre, the Abbe Arnaud, J. J. Rousseau, the Abbe Beraud and M. Suard." — Barlier's Blbl. \ol. 5, p. I9L Journal nniv^ersel cles Sciences medicales. (Continued monthly.) "This work fully justifies its title. It presents an ample display of the theory and practice of IMedicinc, in every civil- ized country, and even among savage nations. * * * Q^. readers of every class, will give us credit for having called their attention to a periodical, written with so much elegance, and such philosophy." — Revue Ency. vol. 2, p. 202. Journal general de la Litteratnre de Franco, ou Indicateur bibliographiqiie ot raisonne des Livres nouveaux, en tons genres, es- tampes, cartes geographiques, etc. cjui pa- raissent en France, classes par ordre de ma- tieres. Paris, 1798, (continued,) <*. This is a very useful publication. Twelve Numbcrsj which C2 386 PERIODICAL WORKS. form a volume, arc published annually : in the twelfth is given an Index, by which the various works arc found with the greatest facility." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 5, p. 20G. This periodical was commenced in 1/08, and comprehends all the works of French Avritcrs, and may be said to form an in-» ventory of the national wealth, in relation to the productions of talent and genius. It says concerning each work, as much as is necessary to convey an idea of it: furnishes the researches of the learned, with the most prompt and accurate data ; pre- sents to foreign nations a view of the efforts and progress of French literature ; it will serve to facilitate the future study of bibliography, and provides useful and abundant materials for the literary history of France. Journal general de la Litteralure etrangere, ou Tndicateur bibliographiqiie et raisonne des Livres nouveaux en tons genres, cartes geographiques, etc. qui paraissent dans les divers pays etrangers a la France, tons classes par ordre de matieres, par P. Loos. Paris, (Contimied.) " This Journpl is upon the same plan as the preceding, and they together form a complete series of universal bibliography. The latter embraces the productions of all nations ; and con- tains a number of details, not to be found in any other ^onx- nsXJ'—Barbicr's Bibl.vol. 5, p. 206. Journal des Savans, par le Sieur Hedouville (Denis Sallo) et continue par J. Gallois, de la Roque, L. Cousin, Dupin, Fontenelle, de Vcrtot, Terrasson, Burette, du Resnel, des PERIODICAL WORKS. SS7 Fontaines, Trublet, Moncrif, de Guignes, Bonguer, Clairant, Dnpny, Macqoer, de La- lande, etc. Paris, 1665-1792, 111 vols. 4to. " The Journal dcs Savmis is one of the oldest publications of this class, in Europe. After a lapse of 2.5 years, it has r<;commcnced under the auspices of Government. M. Daunou, who is the principal Editor, has ciuichcd it with some excel' lent articles on History. The name of Sylvestre de Sacy, Abel Remusat de Chery, celebrated orientalists, are also on the list of contributors, as well as those of Cuvier, Raynouai'd, Gay- Lussac, &c." — Revue Ency. vol. 11, p. 100. The origin of so many Journals, was the project of Denis de Sallo, a Counsellor in the Parliament of Paris. In 1665, appeared his Journal des Sravans. He published his Essay, in the name of the Sieur de Hedouvillc, his footman ! Was this a mere stroke of humour, or designed to insinuate that tha freedom of his criticism would only be allowed in a footman '^ The work however, met with so favourable a reception, that Sallo had the satisfaction of seeing it the following year, im-' itated throughout Europe, and his journal, at the same time^ translated into various languages. But as most authors lay themselves open to an acute critic, the animadversions of Sallo were given v/ith such asperity of criticism, and such malignity of wit, that this new Journal excited loud murmurs, and the luost heart-moving complaints. * * * S.allo after having published only his third volume, felt the wasps of literature- thronging so thick about him, that he very gladly abdicated the throne of Criticism. Intimidated by the fate of Sallo, his successor, Abbe Gallois, flourished in a milder reign. He con- tented himself with giving the titles of books accompanied with extracts ; and he was more useful than interesting. * * This work was carried to a vast extent. A curious Index, has. tiSS PERIODICAL WORKS. been formed occupying several vols, in 4to. and may be con- sidered as a very useful instrument to obtain tbe science and literature of the century.'* — Curiosities of Litcraticrc, vol. I, p. 22. A re-iniprcssipn of the Journal dcs Savcoi.^, combined with tbe 3Icmoires de Trbvoux, (from Jan. 17-") i to December 17G3) was published at Amsterdam, in 7-> vols. r2iuo ; comprising a volume of Index. Mercure, etc. Mercure galant et Mercure de France, depuis 1672, jusq'en 1818, formant k pen pres 130 vols. 8vo. The Mercure de France dates its origin from 17G2. The most brilliant epoch of this Journal was about the time of the commencement of the Revolution. " Amoiig the piincijxal Editors of this Periodical are the Well-known names of Marmontel (who inserted in it his Nou- reaux Conies Moruux, in the years 1789, 1790, and 17^1;) De la Place, P. L. Lacretelle, Voltaire, La Ilarpc, (whose con- tributions are down to the date of 1793) Mallet du Pan, Cham- iort, and Gingucn6. During the years 3, 4, 5 and 6 (1795-8) of the Republic, the literary department of the Mercure was conducted by Le Noir-la-Roche, Cabanis, Destutt-Tracy, &c. Dubois-Fontenelle was at the head of tbe political department of this Journal, from 1778 to 1784. He was succeeded by Mallet du Pan, who continued that part down to the lOib Aug. 1792. During the years 3, 4, 5, and 6 (]79o-8) of the Re- public, M. (jieoflVoy took the lead. M. Agasse having given up the printing of the Mercure about the connnencement of the year 7 (1799) it fell into the hands of the bookseller Caillcau, PERIODICAL WORKS. 389 \tlio published about forty immbors of it. In 1800, Fontanos, La Harpe, the Abbes Morellet and B. de Vaxixcelles, restored the Mercure in an octavo form. From 1802 to 1810, Fontanes, Chateaubriand, Anger and others were among tlie contributors. Tlie Revue philosophiqiie, a continuation of the Decade philo- sophiqnc, bein^ incorporated with the 3Tercure, in Sept. 1807, the principal editors of the Decade and the Revue, viz. Gin- guene, Amaury Duval, &c. became contributors to the Mercure. In January, IS 1 8, the Bier cure was replaced by the Minervo Francnisp." — Birhier's Dlctionnaire des Ouvrages anonymes, vol. 2, p. 404. " Some articles in this Journal were supplied by the celebrated Blot and Frederic Cuvier. M. de Feles also contributed to it for some months ; his articles are known by the initial F. The readers of the Mercure will perhaps be pleased to find in him the author of the articles signed A. in the Journal de VEmpire!'' — Barbier's Biil. vol. 5, p. 189'. NOUVELLISTE, &C. Noiivelliste du Parnasse, ou Reflexions sur les Ouvrages nouveaux, par Des Fontaines. Pa- ris, 1732, 3 vols. I2rao. — Observations sur les Ecrits modernes, par Des Fontaines, Granet, et Freron, de Mars, 1735— Aoiit, 1743, 34 vols. 12ino. — Jug-emens sur quelques Ouvrages nouveaux, par Des Fontaines, de Mairault, Freron, et Destrees. Avignon, 1744-46, II vols. 12mo. These three periodicals serve as an Introduction to Friiron's Annee litter aire. 390 PERIODICAL WOUKS. " The first periodical edited hy Dcsfi)ntaiiics appeared about 1730, under the title of the NouveJlisto du Purnassc. It was soon suppressed ; but in 1735, the author obtained a new privi- lege for periodical writing. He then edited the Observations snr les Ecrits modcrnes. This publication was also suppressed in 1743 ; the following year, however, Desfontaines' periodical re-appearod under the title of Jugemcns snr les Oitvrages non- vcnux". His style is lively, clear, and natural, and written in the true spirit of criticism. Brilliant yet solid, perspicuous, erudite, forcible, delicate and rnjoiie such are the qualities which distinguish this celebrated writer." — Barrier's Bill. vol. 5, p. 179. NouvELLEs, etc. Noiivelles de la Rc'publiqiie dcsLettrcs, de})uis le mois de Mars, 16S1, jusqu'en Fevrier, 1687, parBaylc ; depiiiscctte epoque jusqif en Avril, 1689, par De la Roqiio et Earrin ; suite depuis 1699, jusqu'en Juin, 1718, par J. Bernard, et J. le Clerc. Amsterdam, 1681- 1718,56 vols. 12mo. " Bayle possessed the art, acquired ])y habit, of reading a book by his fingers, as it has been happily expressed ; and of comprising, in concise extracts, a just notion of a book, without the addition of irrelevant matter. He had for his day sufficient playfulness to wreathe the rod of criticism with roses : and for the first time, the ladies and all the leau moude took an interest in the labours of criticism. Yet even Bayle, who declared him- self to be a reporter, and not a judge, Bayle, the discreet scep- tic, could not long satisfy his readers. His panegyric was thought somcw-hat prodigal, his fluency of style somewhat too PERIODICAL WORKS. 36. BOISTE (P. C. V.) Dictionnaire de Geographie universelle, an- cienne, du moycn age et moderne, comparees. Paris, 1806, 1 vol. Svo. with a 4to. atlas, by M. Herisson. " There did not, as yet, exist a geographical dictionary in which ancient and modern geography had been united and com- pared, and in which an historical as well as geographical pic- VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. S99 ture may be offered of a town or a country, such as for in- stance, that of ancient Gaul and modern France, of Lutetia and of Paris. M. Boiste, who perceived and probably felt this want, has supplied it to the full satisfaction of all well-inlormed persons." — Btrbier's Bibl. vol. 4, p. 2G0. Boucher de laRicharderie (Gilles). Bibliotheque universelle des Voyages, ou No- tice complete et raisoiinee de tous les Voy- ages ancieus et modernes, dans les qiiatre parties du monde, publies tant ea langiie francaise qu'en langues etrangeres, avec des extraits, etc. Paris, 1808, 6 vols. 8vo. " This is not a mere bibliographical work giving an uninter- esting list of titles and of dates, it contains also long extracts from the most esteemed books of modern travels, as well as remarks on the most celebrated ancient works of the same i^Uss."—Barbier's Bibl. vol. 4, p. 269. Mr. Dibdin, in his Library Companion, p. 369, speaks of this book as one which should be consulted, both as an amu- sing and instructive work. Cailliaud (M.) Voyage a Meroe, au Fleuve blanc, au dela do Fazoql, dansle Midi du Royaume de Sennar, a Syouah, et dans cinq autres Oasis. Paris, 1827, 4 vols. 8vo. with two vols, of plates, fol. " The great work of M. Cailliaud, entitled Foyage a Mcroe, &c. is now completed. The circumstances which enabled 31. Cailliaud to ascend the Nile higher than had ever been acconi- 400 VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. plishcd by any former traveller, are of a nature not likely to occur again soon. "When Ismail Paclia, son of the Viceroy of Egypt, undertook an expedition into Nubia in 1821, he was accompanied by Mr. C. who was employed to assist in the search for gold mines. He possessed ail the necessary facilities for making astronomical observations, observing the direction of roads, reckoning distances, taking views, copying inscriptions, sketching ancient remains, and making trigonometrical surveys. Thus prepared, the result of Jus travels possesses the highest interest for the amateurs of ancient geography, arts, and sci- ence. The valuable work of M. Gau, on the antiquities of Nubia, (also just completed in 13 fol. Nos.) contains nothing beyond Wadi-Halfa, and it is precisely here that the labours of M. Cailliaud commence. These two works therefore have a natural connection, by means of which, and the great work on Egypt by the Savans of the French Expedition, we possess an uninterrupted series of the monuments in the valley of the Nile, from the banks of the Mediterranean to the very heart of Ethiopia." — Foreign Quarterly Review, No. 3, p. 381. '' The name of Cailliaud has for the last ten years stood high among the explainers of Egyptian antiquities, and the zealous devotees of African Discovery. The work now before us pre- sents lis with the results of his second visit to Egypt, and of his journics to tlie Oasis and adjacent countries, during tl/at pe- riod, although more than five years have elapsed between his leturn to France, and the entire completion of the present \vork, (a circumstance that need not excite surprise, considering that tlie graphic portion contains no less than 150 engravings.) The public has reason to be satisfied that the task of editing liis I'esearches and discoveries, has in this instance, fallen into the author's own hands." — Foreign Quaricrlu Review, No. 4, p. 461. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 401 Camus (Arm. Gaston.) Memoire sur la Collection des grands et petits Voyages, de Th. Debry, et sur celle des Voy- ages de Melchisedec Thevenot. Paris, 1801, 4to. The reader who may he desirous of reading or purchasing the above mentioned " Collections" will find them fully de- scribed in M. Camus' Memoire^ Castellan (A. L.). Lettres sur PItalie, faisant suite aux Lettres sur la Moree, etc. Paris, 1819, 3 vols. 8vo. " Varied and interesting in its details, ingenious in its views, and vivid in its descriptions, this work should be placed by the side of the Lettres sur la Moree, V Hellespont, ^c. Paris, 1820, 3 vols. 8vo. by the same author." — Revue Eucy. vol. 4, p. 51, Chateaubriand, Sec (Euvres Completes. Choiseul-Gouffier (M. Le Comte) Voyage pittoresque de la Grece. Paris, 1780- 1824, 3 vols. fol. with 300 plates, maps, &c. " M. de Choiseul is the author of the delightful Travels in Greece and Asia, made for the benefit of science and of art, calculated to amuse the lightest, and to instj'uct the gravest." — Lady Morgan's France, vol. 2, p. 265. A very interesting work. The engravings of the first vo- lume, (126 in number, exclusive of the two maps and the fron- tispiece) are beautifully engraved. Brunet in his Manuel, adds to these observations several particulars, which the reader will do well to peruse, previously to his purchasing the work^ P 2 402 VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. " The first and second volume of this magnificent work, is entirely appropriated to a geographical and historical descrip- tion of the most celehrated spots of Greece. In the second are also given the author's researches relative to Phrygia, in the days of Homer ; and a description of Constantinople, with the different Turkish customs. The whole is remarkable for its style, the veracity of its descriptions, and the elegance of its Type and Engravings." — Revue Encij. vol. 25, p. 819-820. To the ahove should be added, if possible, (for but a small number were printed) the following introduction, which is said to have been written by the celebrated Chamfort; — — Discoursprelimiriaire du Voyage piltoresque dc la Grece. Paris, 1783, 18mo. D'Anville (J. B. B.) Atlas general. Paris, 1753, fol. — Geographie ancienne abregec; Paris, 1768^ 3 vols. 12mo. ' Of all modern authors who have made ancient geography their study, M. D'Anville must infallibly take the lead. In read- ing the most sublime authors, he shut his eyes to every thing which led him away from his subject, and only saw, in Homer and Virgil, the names and positions of different countries and cities, &c. We cannot say too much in praise, either of his ge- neral Atlas or of his abridgment of ancient Geography." — Bar • bier's Bibl. vol. 4, p. 245. De Brosse (M.) Histoire des Navigations aiix Terras Anstrales, qui ont ete faites depuis 1501 jusqii'ii 1741. Paris, 1756, 2 vols. 4to. VOYAflES AND TRAVELS. 403 "This work must ever be held in great esteem by men solicitous after real knowledge, as there is no where to be found so curious an assemblage of instructing materials on this important subject." — Dalnjmple's Preface to his Collection of Foyages, p. 14. Denon (Vivant). Voyage dans la Basse et la Haute Egypte, pen- dant la campagne du General Bonaparte. Paris, 1802, 2 vols, folio, (one containing the text and the other the plates.) This Avork has since been reprinted, in 2 vols. 4to. with a folio vol. of plates ; and in 3 vols. 12mo. without plates. The celebrated Pelletier also published a French edition, in London, with ad- ditions. " A lover of the Fine Arts, and an enlightened admirer of the Chefs d'CEtcvres^ which the ancients have left us, INL Denon rea- dily embraced the opportunity offered him of visiting a country so long celebrated, and as yet so little known. He returned from Egypt with valuable drawings, and interesting information, and hastened to offer to his countrymen and to Europe, the fruits of his labours, and of his talent. The work is one of so much merit, that it will, independently of the accidental circumstances which contribute to give it popularity, continue to be admired long after those circumstances have ceased to have any effect on the public mind," — Barhicr's Bill. vol. 4, p. 482. " Though we cannot consider this book as having made any very important addition to our knowledge of the Egyptian his- tory, or monuments, it would be unfair to say that it is destitute of interest or information. It contains many beautiful engravings, and many striking and animated specimens of description; it 404 VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. gives U5, incidentally, at the same time, a great number of curioui traits of the character of the inhabitants, and certainly alTurds the most candid and authentic detail of the situation and conduct of the French army during the progress of their Egyptian con- quest, that has yet been presented to the public." — Edinburgh Review, vol I, p. 332. "The work of Denon is fairly entitled to a particular and highly corainendatory notice. * * * * Upon the whole, Denon's hook, in which there arc too many fanciful, if not fan- tastical groups, esj)ccially in the march and encounter of armies, can never be wholly superseded." — Dibdin's Library Compa- nion, p. 442. Depping (M.) La Suisse, ou Tableau historique, pittoresque^ et moral des Cantons helvetiques, etc. Paris, 1822,3 vols.Svo. " Mr. Depping's work is highly interesting, although we have more accounts of the country he describes than of any other. The Germans have published sixty, and the Swiss thirty-one ; eighteen French writers, eight English, one Italian, one Spa- nish, two Polish, two Dutch and four Danish writers have treated the same subject, not to mention the numerous writers who have published Memoires, on particular parts of Switzerland, or on subjects connected with that country. This new work of M. Depping can only add to his already extensive reputation." — Revue Ency. vol. 15, p. 47. D'Hasson (Mouradja). Tableau general de I'Empirc Ottoman. 3 vols, folio, with coloured plates. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 40r, The plates arc beautifully executed, and the testimony of Burckhardt to the valuable and interesting information thi.^ work contains, should alone secure it a place ia every well-? chosen library. DuHalde(M.) Description geographique, historique, politique et physique de I'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise. Paris, 1735, 4 vols. fol. " At the head of the French school of Travellers into, and \rr5ters upon, China, Du Halde ought unhesitatingly to be placed. In regard to the geography of China, his work is the best extant. It Avas published at Paris in 1/35, in 4 vols, folio: and republished at the Hague in 1736, 4to. but the Dutch edition does not contain the plates ; and to it should be added D'Anville's new Atlas of China, 1737, folio, with forty- two maps— or better still, the fourteen plates and fifty maps separately published from the Paris edition." — Dibdin^s Li- brary Companion, p. 426. DupiN (Charles). Voyages dans la Grande-Bretagne. Vols. 1 et 2, premiere partie, contenant la Force mili- taire. Paris, 1825, 2 vols. 4to. — Seconde Partie, contenant la Force navale. Paris, 1821,2 vols. 4to. , " In general, we must do M. Dupin the justice to say that in the thankless task which he undertakes, of comparing the in- stitutions of Great Britain, and her naval, military, commercial 406 VOYAGES ANJ) TRAVELS. and manufacturing strength, or capacity, with those of France respectively, he has exhibited more candour, and arrived at a greater degree of accuracy, than might have been expected from the pen of a Frenchman, always jealous of a nation which he is pleased to call, par excellence, his rival." — Quarterly Revleiv, vol. 30, p. 3G0. *• The first part of the ' P'oi/agcs dinii la Grande Bretagne* is subdivided by volumes into Con-siitntion de VArniee, and Etudes ct Travaux de VArmcc. It is highly to the credit of M. Dupin, as a man of quick perception and talent, that he has compressed more important and more correct military informa- tion into these two volumes, than any foreigner could be ex- pected to gaiu on such subjects. He shows, in no very large compass, surprising minuteness on every detail connected with our armies." — Quarterly Review, vol. 25, p. 88. Ebel (Dr.) Voyage pittoresque dans les Cantons des Ori- sons, et a travers les cols du Splngen, et du Bernardin, vers les Lars majeurs, et de Co- mo. Paris, 1 vol. 8vo. with nia^is and plates. " This is a very useful work. Dr. Ebel gives a geogra- phical and statistical description of the Grisons, with curious information concerning their manners, language, &c. besides a full account of the natural curiosities, and an accurate guide to travellers." — London Mag. April, 1828. — Manuel du Voyageur en Suisse. Zurich, 1805, 4 vols.Svo. " Dr. Ebcl's ' Traveller in Switzerland', in French, is a va- VOYAGES AND TRAVELS 407 iiiable companion tluougli the whole country." — Londi>n J^Iag, April 1828. Dr Ebcl gives at the commencement of his work, a detailed account of all the works that have hcen previously written on Switzerland. Egypte. Description de I'Egypte, ou Recueil des Obser- vations et des Reclierches, qui ont ete faites en Egypte, pendant I'expedition de I'armee franraise. Seconde edition, dediee au Roi, publiee par C. L. F. Panckonke. To be com^ pleted in 25 vols. 8vo. with 900 engravings. This magnificent work, which is in truth an Egyptian Ency- clopcedia, is intended to comprise every known fact illustrative of the state of Egypt, in all its relations, its civil historyj arts^ sciences, and geographical situations. In it are described, first the Temple, Palaces, Tombs, and all the ancient monuments, many of which, date from a period anterior to the Siege of Troy, all of which are represented in a series of fine views ; the manuscripts, the relics of astronomy, and paintings exhi- biting scenes of private life, historic sculpture, &c. Secondly the principal modern buildings, and every important fact rela- tive to the present state of Egypt, Thirdly, the animal, vege- table and mineral branches. Fourthly the geographical por- tion, comprising among other details, detached Maps of Egypt, over 47 sheets of large dimensions, a chef-tVoiuvre of Topo- graphy. '•' This work upon Egypt is a noble monument raised to the glory of tlic arts and sciences ; there is no other work of the same description in Europe, which will bear any com])arisoi] 408 VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. >vitli it, as it required a rare combination of political circum- stances to warrant its accomplishment." — Revue Ency. vol. 14, p. 104. FODERE (F. E.) Voyage aux Alpes maritinie, ou Histoirc natu- relle, agraire, civile, et medicale du comte de Nice, et des pays limitropes, etc. Paris, 1821, 2 vols. 8vo. " This is a learned work, written by a truly philosophical ob- server. It will doubtless occupy a distinguished place in the libraries of the naturalist, the physician, &c." — Revue Ency. vol. 11, p. 592. GossELiN (Fr. J. Pasc.) Recherches siir la Geographic systematique et positive des anciens, pour servir de base a. I'histoire de la Geograpliio ancienne. Paris, an vi. (1797) four vols. 4to. " The labours of D'Anville and Rennell have been so fre- quently noticed and commended, that I have here only, and equally, to recommend those of Gosselin." — Dihdiii's Library Co7npanion, p. 441. GuiGNES (M. de). Voyages a Peking, Manillo, et I'lslc de F'rance, faits dans Pinter valle des annees 1784 a 1801. Paris, 1808, 3 vols. 8vo. with folio atlas. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 409 " Although we cannot compliment M. de Guignes on the clear- Tiess and accuracy of his descriptions, or on the depth of his observations and reflections, we are yet inclined to believe that his statement of iacts is strictly correct. We believe also that the objects which he has endeavoured to describe are such only as came under h's own observation ; this (second) part of the work therefore we consider as original, interesting, and valuable, * * * Considering the many advantages which the author possessed, we were certainly led to expect something better ; the name too had long been familiar to the literary world ; but great talents are not hereditary any more than great virtues ; and the commercial agent of China can never be recognised, by the present work, as a descendant of the learned and inge- nious author of the ' Histoire des Huns,' the translator of the ' Choo-Kiiig/ &c. &c." — Quarterly Review y vol. 2, pp. 261- 274. " In the small catalogue of rational books which we posses?, on the subject of China, this deserves to occupy a respectable station." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 14, p. 407- Mr. Gibbon denominates M. de Guignes (father of the present author above mentioned) a skilful and laborious interpreter of the Chinese language, who has thus laid open new and important scenes in the history of mankind. — Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol.iv. p. 348. — See Guigxes, Belles Lettrcs. Herbelot (M.) Bibliotheque orientale, ou Dictionnaire uni- verse!, contenant tout ce qui fait connaitre les peuples d'Orient, leurs traditions, reli- gions, livres, etc. Nouvelle edition, avec les additions de Schultens. La Haye, 1777, 4 vols. 4to. -110 VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. " For solid literature, extensive and profound Oriental ieaui- iug, no man ever surpassed Herbclot ; he that came nearest to him was the late Sir W. Jones. The work itself is a treasure of useful and ornamental knowledge ; and has done more to draw the attention of the Europeans to the Asiatics, than all the other works yet published on the subject " — BibJiogrophical Dictionary. Humboldt & Bonpland. Voyage aux Regions equinoxiales du nouveau Continent, fait en 1799-1804, avec deux atlas, des cartes geographiques, etc. Paris, 4 vols. 4to. and 3 vols. fol. " The name ofSouthcyis worthy of its juxtaposition with that of Humboldt — the most illustrious traveller of his day. Nothing aeems too vast, too varied, too wonderful, or too minute for the keen eye, penetrating intellect, and unwearied exertions of this extraordinary man. From the snow that caps the summit, to the lichen which creeps at the base, of the loftiest mountain, Humboldt is equally inquisitive, curious, diligent ajul happy, A botanist, zoologist, statist, philosopher, half poet, and gene- ral enthusiast, the genius of this traveller seems to have been peculiarly calculated for surveying the varieties and immensity of the new world. Accordingly, his travels and researches in America place him as the first in the foremost rank, perhaps of all travellers, dead and living. The range of his researches, and the space which his publications have entitled him to oc- cupy in the contemplation of discerning judges, justify the pro- priety of this eulogium." — Dibditi's Library Companion, p. 472. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 411 Jaubert (Amedee). Voyage en Armenie et en Perse, fait dans les annees 1805 et 1806. Paris, 1821, 1 vol. 8vo. "Aa air of great simplicity and truth breathes throughout the relation of M. Jaubert, which nevertheless is not deficient in energy and grace. In short, this single volume of Travels con- tains as much information relative to the customs and manners therein described, as many other works of the same kind, which are considerably more extended." — Revue Ency. vol, 13, p. 556. La Borde (Alexandre de). Voyage pittoresque et liistorique d'Espagne. Paris, 1807-20, 48 livraisons, folio; " This work has a double claim to our attention, froni the beauty of the plates, and the merits of the style which the au- thor varies, according to his subject." — Barbier's Bihl. vol. 4, p. 484. Lafiteau (Le pere Jos.F.) jMoeurs des Sauvages Americains. Paris, 1723, 2 vols. 4to. " This is a very curious work relating chiefly to Canadian manners and customs ; the author lived five years in Canada. It is now rare. Consult Meuselius, vol. 3, part 1, page 242. The same ingenious author published his Decouvertes et Con- quetes des Portugais dans le nouveau Mo7ide, at Paris, in 1733, 2vol3.4to. with ^\di,X^%:'—-DiMin's Library Cowpanion, p. 4G0. All VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. Langl^s (L. M.) Collection portative de Voyages, traduitsde dif- ferentes lang-ues orientales et europeennes. Paris, 1796-1806, 5 vols. 18mo. with plates. " We are the more indebted to the learned orientalist for this collection, that we hitherto possessed but a very small number of voyages, translated from the eastern languages." — Barbier^s DIM. vol. 4, p. 262. Lesage (R.) Atlas liistorique, genealogiqiie, chronologiquc, et geographique. Paris, 1823, fol. This great work has obtained a great reputation. It is, perhaps, unnecessary to add, that it is by the celebrated Las Cases. The present edition has been greatly improved. The author retouched it during his voluntary exile with Napoleon. Lettres Edifiantes, See History. Le Vaillant (Francois). Voyage dans I'interieur de I'Afrique, par le Cap de Bonne-Esperance, en 1780-85-90. 2de edition, 1798, 2 vols. Svo, with plates. — Second Voyage, dans les annees 1783-85, 3 vols. Svo. with maps and plates. " It is well known that these two Voyages were edited by Casimir Varon, who died in 1707> at the age of 35. Few books of Travels are read with so much pleasure, for while conveying the information supplied by Le Vaillant, the editor has seized VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 413 every opportunity of introducing any detail which might please or interest the reader, and in this he has indulged, some critics maintain, even to a fault." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. 4, p. 383. Malte-Brun (M.) Precis de la Geographie universelle. Pavis, 1812-26, 7 vols. 8vo. with an atlas of 75 maps. " Mr. Malto-Brun is probably known to most of our readers as the author of a systematic work on geography ; he is besides, the editor of a periodical digest, under the title of ' Aouvelles Armales des royages, de. la Geographic -A de VHistoire' ; the first is as much superior to the compilations of our Guthries and Pinkertons, as the other is to the garbled productions of eur Truslers and Mdivoxs,"— Quarterly RevieWy No. 52. Milling (M.) Voyage pittoresque de Constantinople et des rives du Bosphore, d'apres les dessins de M. Milling. Paris, 1809-19, fol. This picturesque voyage, which, from the novelty and interest of the subject, the very faithful representation of the places, the beauty of the designs, and the perfection of the engravings, is already placed in the first rank of curious and splendid pro- ductions, is the work of a distinguished artist, who resided eighteen years at Constantinople. The object of it is to dis- play to the eye and the understanding, a country celebrated in the annals of the world, and rich in the most wonderful gifts of nature; to represent with scrupulous fidelity, and in a re- gular series of prints, the picturesque situations of the Helles- pont, the incomparable aspect of Constantinople, the enchanting views which meet the eye in every part of the Bosphoru?, and 414 VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. lastly, to delineate a whole nation in its public and private monuments, in its costume, occupations, ceremonies, and fes- tivals, in its various institutions, and in its military and naval establishments. Brunet characterizes this work as a " m3""ni- ficcnt production." MiLLIN (A. L.) Voyage en Savoie, en Piemont, a Nice et a Genes. Paris, 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. ^' We are ashamed to confess that we have allowed the many productions of M. Millin, which have appeared twice since we started in our career, to pass unnoticed. He deserves to be con- sidered as one of the representatives of the worthy old school of French archaiologists — • of those men who have contributed more towards the knowledge of antiquity than all Europe be- sides. * * * All the works of M. Millin are distinguished by the unwearied diligence of the author. In his literary la- hours, we find a condensation of matter which spares the en- quirer many a weary search through many a shelf of quartos and folios." — Edmhurgh Review, vol. 29, p. 191. M. Millin was editor of an excellent Review, called Magasm Encyclopediquc, ou Journal des Sciences ; from 1795 to 1816, 126 vols. 8vo. It afterwards assumed the title of y/«- nales Encyclopedique ; and finally in 1819, it passed into the hands of M. Jnlien, and took the title of Revue Encyclo' jyediquc i-yc. MissoN (M.) Voyage d'ltalie. Paris, 174S, 4 vols. 12mo. Addison, in his preface to his Remarks on Italy, says, " Mon- sieur Misson has written a more correct account of it, in ge- VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 415 iieral, than any before him, as he particularly excelled in the plan of the country, which he has given us in true and lively colours." MoNTEMONT (Albert). Voyages aux Alpes et en Italic, ou Lettres en prose et en vers, contenant la description de ces contrees, etc. Paris, 1821, 2 vols. 18mo. "Zrc Voyage ^-c. is a veiy agreeable composition. It has great variety, and contains some elegant verses, and elevated prose." — Revue Ency. vol. 11, p. 395. Necker de Saussure (A. L.) Voyage en Ecosse, at aux lies Hebrides. Ge- neve et Paris, 1822, 3 vols. 8vo. " Learned dissertations on the national music of the Scotch, on the Gallic language, on the authenticity of the poems of Os- sian ; interesting particulars on the expedition of the Pretender, pleasing descriptions of the finest parts of Scotland ; in short, useful observations on its agriculture, its natural history, its schools, its commerce, and its antiquities, tend to give a greater value to this work, which may be considered as a fruitful source of solid and agreeable instruction." — Revue Ency. vol 15. p. 279. Normandie. Description geographique et historique de la Haute Normandie, avec un Dictionnaire geo- grapliique. Paris, 1740, 2 vols. 4to. Jn this description of Normandy are contained several parti- IIG VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. fulars, connected with English history. It is con.^tautly quoted by Nicholls, in his account of the Alien Priories. Perouse. Voyage an tour du Moude. Paris, 1797, 4 vols, 4to. and folio atlas. *' I pass slightly (says Mr. Dibdin, in the Library Cojnpnnion y page 398,) over the circumnavigations of Ordones de Cevallos, and Gemelli Carreri, to make room for the mention of the more important maritime discoveries of the French School ; and therein, more especially of the lamented Perouse, and the lau- dable but unsuccessful labours, in pursuit of him, by Labillar' diere and D'Entrecasteaux. The work of Perouse, with a por- Irait of that intrepid commander prefixed, appeared in Paris, in 1797, in four quarto volumes. That of the citizen Labillar- diere, in two quarto volumes, 1800 ; and the more important one of D'Entrecasteaux, in 1808, 2 vols. 4to. These volumes are all handsomely printed, and the last work is enriched with many plates of coasts, headlands, and soundings, &c." Mr. Dibdin adds in a note : " I will be brief in the notice of the works of the above Navigators, because they are well- known, and are of every day's purchase. Voyage de la Pe- rouse, 8fc. The miniature prefixed is from a painting of Tar- dieu, and /oo/i'slike a strong resemblance. Relation du Voyage, a la Recherche de la Perouse, 1791-2, par le C. Labillardiere. Paris, an viii. (1800) 2 vols. 4to. No mention of Labillardiere is made in the preface, but on the death of D'Entrecasteaux, (p. xi) Auribeau was appointed to succeed him. A year or two before, however, appeared Voyage aufour da Monde, pendayit les annees 1790-1 -2, ;)rtr Eticnne Marchand. Par ('. P. Claret, Paris, an vi. The introduction is exceedingly interesting ; and in the summary of circumvigators, honourable mention is madf; of the labours of Cook." VOYAGED AND TRAVELS 417 Pkron (F.) Voyag-e de Bc-coaverfes aiix TerrCvS Australes, execute par ordre de sa Majoste I'Empereiir et Roi, sur les corvettesleGeogra[il]e, le Na- turaliste, et la Goelette Le Casuaiiiia, pen- dant les annees 1800-4, public par decret im- perial, et redige par M. F. Peroii, Paris, 1807, 2 vols. 4to, with maps, &c. " The perusal of this book has certainly aiFordcd us consider- able pleasure. Of M. Peron, as a man of general science, we are disposed to think highly. Want of room will not permit us to follow M. Peron through his various observations on raaay im- portant subjects relating to our settlements in New South Wales, nor to refute his speculations respecting the intentions of the British Government, in this quarter of the globe. His descrip- tions are animated but generally exaggerated." — Quarterlij Re- view, vol. 4, p. 44-59. POI QUEVIIXE (F. C. Ho L.) Voyage en Moree, a Const-jutinople, en Alba- nie, et dans plusieurs autres parties de I'Em- pire Ottoman. Paris, 1805, 3 vols. 8vo. To this work is added an historical and geographical sketch of ancient Epirus, and maps drawn by M. Barbie da Bocage. We had not, as yet, a work that gave a just idea of the penin- sula, so celebrated in antiquity, as the Peloponesus, and which is now one of the most important possessious of the Turks in Greece. The ' Voyage' of M. Pouqucville now supplies this want, and furnishes all the knowledge that could be desired respecting this pcuiusula." — Barbier's Bill. vol. 4, p.3G6. E 2 4IS VOVAGES AND TRAVELS. — Voyage dans la Grece, comprenant la des- cription ancienne et moderne de I'Epire, de rillyrie grecque, de la Thcssalie &c. avecdes considerations sur Tarcheologie, la numis- matique, les moeurs, les arts, etc. des liabitans de ces provinces. Paris, 1821. " A work has at length appeared which seems destined to take its place by the side of that of Bartheleniy, and which may be considered sufficient authority on the subject of Modern Greece. It is the fruit of many years labor, after a long re- sidence of the author in that country, ' It is the work of my life.' says 3J. Pouquevjlle." — Revue Encij.vol. 11, p. 332. Raynal, See History. Raoul-Rochette (M.) Lettres sur la Suisse, ecrites en 1819, 1820, et 1821. Paris, 1823, 2 vols. Svo. " The French have also had a tourist in Switzerland — Mr. Raoul Rochctte, of Paris, a young man of some literary repu- tatioh in his own country, and a member of the Institute. He has written two volumes of Letters on Switzerland, in which lively remarks and pretty descriptions are marred by a tone of sentimentality almost laiighable, and at times a spirit of sarcasm quite as irksome." — London. Mag. April 1828, M. Raoul Rochelte had libelled the Genevcsc, and an expe- rienced hand bestowed on him a deserved castigation, in a reply addressed, A Monsr. R. R. Memhrc de Vln-ititut, Profcsseui' (t Histoirr, et Censcur Roijnl. Published in Geneva and in Paris, in 1820. " The tone is calm, the reasoning pertinent, and this pam- phlet wc sho'ild recommend as one of the best illustrations of VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 419 Genevan character, habit, and institution." — London, Mag. April 18.28. Roger (Abraham.) Theatre de I'ldolatrie, ou La Porte ouverte, pourparvenira la connaissance du Paganisme cache, ou la vraie representation de la ^ie, des moeurs, do la religion, etc. des Bramines, qui demeurent sur les cotes de Chormandel, at aux pays voisins. Amsterdam, 1670, 4to. " This work, a scarce one, is not so well known as it deserves to he. By obtaining the contidence of an enlightened Bramin, Roger obtained on the manners and the religion of the Indians, information more anthentic and more extensive than had ever been possessed by any European, previous to the late transla- tion of the Sanscrit." — Dictionnaire Historique. Savary (M.) Lettressur I'Egvpte. Paris, 1785,3 vols. 8vo. '^ Savary' s f^ettres sur TEgypte, 1785, 3 vols. 8vo. arfe it must be admitted, sufficiently lively. They were, at first, atten- ded with considerable success, but I am not sure, whether from the testimonies of French biographers and critics themselves, Savary, ought to receive a great share of credit. The repu- tation of his work was cut to pieces by Michaelis, in a review in a foreign journal of oriental literature ; which M, Silvestre de Sacy made intelligible and acceptable to the French public, in X\\(i Journal des Savans, 1787, reprinted in the Esprit des Journaux aiid in the TaUettes d'icn Curieux.'' — Dibdin's Libranj Companion, p. 442. 420 VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. SlMOND (L.) Voyage en Italic et en Sicile. Paris, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. ." We may fortunately spare ourselves the necessity of say- iu(^ a word on his general character as a writer, for his former tours in this country and Switzerland, have established hi^ re- putation as a shrewd and sensible observer of men and things, and a writer of no ordinary spirif and vivacity. We shall only say that he might well have spared the expression of his fears, that his present work would detract from the fame he had gained b}' his former ones. On the contrary, it appears to us, that his spirit of observation is as keen and as active as ever, and his style is full of point and spirit." — Foreign Quarterly Review, No. 3, p. 277- — Voyage en Angleterre, en ISIO-U. Paris, 1S17, 2 vols. 8vo. — Voyage en Suisse, fait dans les annees 1817, 1818, et 1819. Paris, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. " Since the peace few travellers have written, ex professo, on Switzerland. We arc unacquainted with any complete tour, except Simond's, and that we can hardly call complete. His observations are often common-place, and the almost total want of feeling for the biMutiful, which is apparent in the works of this writer, leaves .a dryness in his pages which is wearisomely felt by the reader." — London Mag. .vpril 182S. " We ought not to class the work of M. Simond among the many descriplions of Switzerland, written by common observers. This author has already published a Voyage en Anglctcrre, which obtained a success it avcII deserved, and this new work VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 421 can only add to his fame, notwithstanding the singularity of some of his opinions. * * * In general the work of M. Simond contains sound observations upon the history of Swit- zerland, and the manners of the inhabitants. He has less than any former writer, attempted to describe the scenery, but lia3 given a fuller account than any other, of the actual state of society in Switzerland." — Revus Ency. vol. 15, p. 55. Staffer (P. A.) Voyag-e pittoresque de I'OberlaDii, ou Descrip- tion des Vues prises dans I'Oberland, district du canton de Berne. Paris, 1812, 1 vol. 4to. with plates, etc. That part of the canton of Borne to which this work re- lates, is the richest iu beautiful and picturesque scenery. No £pot in Switzerland is so much frequented by travellers ; in fact the foreigner who cannot make a long stay in that country, or traverse different regions of the chain of the Alps, cannot better employ his time than in visiting the Oberland of Berne. The views are taken on the bai,ks, and to the; south of the Lake of Thnn, where nature seems to have displayed all her magnificence. They are executed by native artists, and coloured with great care and fidelity. The text, written with ability and spirit, contains a vast number of new particulars and docu- ments ; and will contribute much to the amusement and infor- mation of those who visit this fine country. COMPLETE WORKS. INTRODUCTION. There are many distinguished French writers whose works are too numerous to admit of their classification singly, under the different heads to which they might severally belong. The Editor, therefore, has thought proper to confine himself, in some instances, toa general character of such voluminous writers, under the head of Complete Works, and for the convenience of some who may wish to possess the collected works of any favourite author, he has also mentioned those, part of whose works are to be found spe- cified in the different departments of the French Librarian. Great care has been taken, in the following list, to point out to the reader, edi- tions which are most to be recommended for the correctness of the text, or the beauty of their typographical execution. For this purpose, not only Brunet and Barrier have been con- sulted, but also catalogues and publications of a later date, and particularly " La France litte- raire," now in the course of publication, and which will prove, when completed, the most va- luable work of the kind ever published. COMPLETE WORKS. Barthelemy (L'Abbe J. J.) CEuvres completes. Paris, A. Belin, 1821, 4 vols. 8vo. with a 4to. atlas, containing" 68 maps. This edition, says Peignot (^Manuel, vol, 2, p. 340) is the only one that contains all the works of Barth61emy. At the head of the first volume is a Notice, on the life and works of the author, who has done little more than repeat what Barthe- 16my himself has said in the Memoirs which are givr-n in this edition. To this Notice is attached a well arranged list of the author's works. After the Memoirs, the Voyage (VAna- charsis, preceded by the Introduction, occupies the first, the second, and part of the third volume. The miscellaneous works occupy the remainder of the third, and part of the fourth volume. Of the maps contained in the Atlas, 40 belong to the Voyage, and 28 to the miscellaneous works. Of the Voyage d'Anacharsis, now become a classical work, and so correct in all its descriptions as to be rather deserving of a place among books of history, than of travels, it isunnc- cessaiy to speak in terms of praise ; no man who possesses both judgment and taste, will be without this book, if he has the means to display the former, and gratify the latter. To this excellent work, it would be well to add the follou'ing : JVu77iis7natique du Voyage du Jeiine JliiarcJiasis, ou medaillcs' des beaux temps de la Grhce^ouvrage p'lhlie par C. P. Laudon, Paris 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. (with 90 plates.) 428 COMPLETE WORKS. Beaumarchais (P. A. C. de). OEuvres completes. Paris, 1826, G vols. 8vo. "La Ilarpe dedicates half a volume to the history and merits of Boauniarchais. The Barbicr de Seville, and the Mariage de Figaro, are among his productions wliich have had the most distinguished success. It would be desirable for the reputation of the author that his Exigenie, Les deux Amis , and ha Mere coupahle were entirely forgotten. His opera of Tarare is considered a mediocre production. LalLarpe places the Barber of Seville at the head of all the works of Beau- marchais. La Folle Jonrnee, ou Le Mariage de Figaro was first acted in 1784. It had an astonishing run; it was acted once or twice a week for two successive years. The piece brought 500,000 francs into the Treasury of the Theatre, and produced the author 80,000 francs." — Craufurd's Essais Sfc. vol. 2, p. 237-204. Boileau-Despreaux (Nicolas). CEuvres poetiques. Among the many editions that have been published, of this, one of the most adiuired poets of France, the following are the most deserving the attention of the Amateur : — — CEiivres poetiques de Boileau. Parme, de riniprimerie de la veuve Bodoni, 1814, 2 vols, folio, large vellum paper. But a small number of this fine edition was printed; and very few copies found their way into France. Boileau was the last of four French Cla, and published the year follov.'ing. The eighth Satire is considered among the best, one in which there is much bustle and variety, and which was the most successful in its day. The fifth is also excellent; but perhaps a little too refined. The remainder have various degi-ees of merit, but are inferior to those we have just quoted. Amongst his Epistles, the fourth, on the Passage of the Rhine, is entitled to most praise. The sixth, in which he depicts the pleasures of a country life is also excel- lent. The y^rt Poetique is undoudtcdiy the basis upon which the renown of Boileau principally rests. The Ltcfrin exhibits the perfection of French poetry ; it is an unrivalled effort of its; kind." — P ei gnat's Manuel du Bibliophile, \o\. 2, p. 13-14. BossT ET (Jacques-Benig"ne). QEiivres completes de Bossuet, revues sur les manuscriis origiiiaux, et les editions les plus correctes. Versailles, Le Bel, 1815-19,43 vols. This is the most complete and best edition (says Brunet,) which we have of the works of this great Prelate. It was com- COMPLETE WORKS. 431 ttienced by M. l'Al)b6 Hemey d'Auberive, and continued by M. I'Abb^ Caron. To tbis important collection should be added the Life of Bossuet, by Cardinal Bausset, 4 vols. 8vo. " Bossuet is considered as the glory of the Church and Epis- copacy of France. He was doubtless a very great man ; an acute disputant, an accomplished scholar, a deeply read divine, and a powerful and eloquent writer. In declamation of the highest order, and in stirring up the passions (as in his Funeral Orations) he has never perhaps had his equal in any pulpit in Christendom. The Jesuits adored his person while alive, and his memory when he died. They put forth an edition of his works in twenty quarto volumes, in 1743-53. * * * A new edition of Bossuet was published in 17/2-88, in 19 volumes. 4to. but in an incomplete state, as it was to have extended to 36 vols. Yet it contains pieces which are not found in the edi- tion of the Jesuits. A new edition of the entire works of Bos- suet has just appeared at Versailles, in 47 thick 8vo. vols. The most popular work of Bossuet was his Discours sur I'His- toire universelle. * * * A very popular work, but more exclusively theological, was Bossuet's Histoire des Variations des Eglises Protestayites, This work was held out by the Ca- tholics, Us a very crabbed bone for the Calvinists and Protestants to pick ! It was preceded by the Expo.ntion de la Doctrine cathoUquc, in which the author was said to have converted Turenne to Catholicism. However, there were not wantintc Protestanl?;, calvanistic and otherwise, to pick most compk-Lcly the catholical bone ! and among these, the famous Basiiage took a very successful lead." — Dibdin's Library Companion, p. 91-2. — See Bossuet, Theology. To the reader who may think the collection above mentioned too vo-lamiuous, the following selection may pcrliap? be at-copt- ahlo :— 461 COMPLETE WORKS. — CEuvres choisies de Bossiiet, Eveque de Meaux. Paris, Delastre-Boula^e, 1823, 21 vols. 8vo. This edition, which is handsomely printed, contains the fol- lowing works of Bossuet, each of which may be purchased sepa- rately : — Oraisons fun(ilreff , 1 \o\. Discours sur VHistoire universelle, 2 vols. La Politique iircc de I'EcHttire sainfe, Lettres ad- dressees a Louis XI P\ ,' Declaration du Clerge de France^ Sfc. 2 vols. Choix de Sermons et de Pancgyriques, d'ap)-^s M. Maury y1 vols, hitroduction a la Philosoplde, ou De laCon- '}jaissance de soi-mcme,8fC. 1 vol. Relation sttr le Quiefisme, Maximes et Ilejlewions, etc. 1 vol. Elevations sur les Mys- teres, 2 vols. Meditations sur VEvangile, etc. 3 vols. Expo- sition de la Doctrine catholique, etc. I vol. Histoire des Va- riations, etc. ct les Avertissemens y 5 vols. EuFFON (G. L. Le Clerc de.) Histoire naturelle generale et particuliere, par Le Comte G. L. L. de Buffoiij L. J. Dauben- ton, rii. Gueiieaii de Moiitbeillard, et G. E. de Lacepede. Paris, de I'Imprimerie royale, 1749-1804, 44 vols. 4to. ^vith numerous plates. The merits of Buffon's great work, as regards the beauty of its stylo, and its demerits, as to the fallacy (»f some theories it contains, arc botli so well known, that instead of producing critical observations, thus rendered nnnecessary, we think it more advisable to offer such information re.specting the editions of his works, as may enable the Amateur to procure the most valuable, or that best suiting his particular wish. CO:\IPLETE WORKS 433 This edition is valued by Coyinaisseurs on account of the beauty of the engravings it contains. But it is very difficult, says Brunct, to procure copies, all the volumes of which contain equally fine impressions of the plates, for the work having been more than fifty years in the course of publication, many sub- scribers neglected taking their copies as they nppeared, and only completed them when it was no longer possible to procure equally good proof impressions : so that it is by no means un- common to find copies, the first volumes of which contain very fine impressions, and the latter inferior ones, or vice verm. It should be observed, that all copies bearing the King's Arms, and which were presentation copies, are less liable to this de- fect, and are therefore preferred to the others. The list oi errata which ought to be found at the end of the first four volumes, serves as a distinguishing mark, by which the first editions of these volumes may be known. This edition is thus composed: Histoire gevcrale et par- ticidiere (Theorie de la tcrre, Histoire de Vhommc et des quadritphdes,) 1749-07, 15 vols. Supplement aux quadru- pede.9, 1774-89. 7 vols. Oiseaux, 1770-83, 9 vols. Mine- raicx, 1 783-88, o vols. Oviparcs ct Serpens, par Lacepede, 1787-89, 2 vols. . Poissons, par le mhne, 1793-1802, 5 vols. Cetaces, par le meme, 1804, 1 vol, — La meme. Paris, de I'imprimerie royale, 17o2-1805, 90 vols. 12mo. avec figures, y compris la partie anatomiqne par Daiibeu- toii, oil 71 volumes, sans cette partie. — La raeme sous le titre d'GEuvres. Nouvelle edition precedee d'uue Notice sur la vie de I'auteur, et siiivie d'un Discours, intitule ; F 2 43-i COMPLETE WORKS. V ue generale des progres de phisieurs brau^^ ('hes des sciences naturelles, depuis le milieu du dernier siecle. Par le comte de Lac<'pede. Paris, Rapet, 1817-19, 17 vols. Svo. with ]>lates. Seconde edition. Paris, Plassau, A. Eymery, 1820, et annees suivantes, 25 vols. Svo. witli 235 plates. M. Eymery wlio has boiigliL this edition, has republished it in 1825, with new (itle pages, bearing his name. To it should be added a 26th. volume, containintj^ iho Preci.^ dfs /f/irveilleg dcla nahire, decouvnrtcs dcpuis' Buffo n jvfiqu^d no'i /ours. Brunei says, that although the Inter oi" these editions is goor], yet he gives the preference to the o;hor, i:. 90 vols. 12ino. — Histoire naturelle de EiilTOij mise dans uu nouvel ordre ; precedcc d'linc Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages de Buffon, par M. le ba- ron Cuvier. Paris, Menard et Desenne, 1825-26, 36 vols. 18mo. with 400 plates. 'i'his edition is deserving of commendation, as regards the typographical execution of the plates ; it is however, imperfect as to the text. — La merne, sous le titrc d'aMivres, avec les descriptions anatomiqiies de Daubenton, son collaboratcur. Nouvelle edition, commencee par M. Larnouroux, profefseur d'histoire na- turelle, et continuee [depuis le 13e. volume] par M. Desmarest. Paris, Vcrdiere, La- drange, 1824, et annees suivantes, 40 vols. Svo. avec 720 plancher^, Jjthographiees. CO.AIPLETE WORKS. 435 This etlition, from the press of M!^T. F. Didof, deserves approbation, on account of the correctness of the text, and the number and execution of the plates, copied from those of the edition printed at the Imprimene royale, (l/'l^j 4to.) It con- tains what has been omitted in all the modern editions, as su- jjcrlluous, the anatomical part by Danbetiton, a task for which he was particularly well-calculated ; for if we believe M. Cuvier, a competent judge on the subject, *' such was the ex- treme care of Daubenton, that it is in vain to look for an error, and his anatomical descriptions form an important and indis- pensable appendage to the text of Buffon ; so that we may con- sider as imperfect, all editions in which they are not to be found." Besides this claim to superiority over the edition of 17-1^, this has the advantage of having the supplements placed at the end of the articles to which they belong; and of containing: 1. The ^/o^e of Butfon, by Vicq-d'Azyr, as well as that of Daubenton, by M. Cuvier ; 2. A synonomy, by the latter ; 3. A methodical table of the species described by Bulfon ; 4. An alphabetical table of the names and synonims, men- tioned in the work •, 5. The Avork by M. Cuvier, entitled ; Snr Ics 2))'0i^rl'S chs sciences phijsiqiics, dcpuis 1789. — La meme, sous le titre d'CEuvres completes, mises en ordre, et precedees d'une notice his- torique, par M. A. Kichard ; suivies de deux volumes, " Sur les progres des sciences phy- siques et naturelles, depuis la mort de Buf- fon," par M. le Baron Cuvier. Paris, Bau- uene, par M. Colnet, et augmentee de son Discours sur i'influence du genie des grands ecrivains sur I'esprit de leur siecle. Paris, Colnet, 1S08, 2 vols. 8vo. and Paris, Maradan, 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. Although this edition contains a Discours more than that COMPLETE WORKS. 437 published by Ginguene, it is however, by no means so valuabls as the followiiig : — Les Memes, recueillies et publiees avec line notice historiqiie sur la vie et les ecrits de I'auteur, par P. R. Ang-uis. Paris, Chaumerot jeuiie. 1824-25, 5 vols. 8vo. This edition, the most complete of Chamfort's works, besides those which found a place in the former editions, contain^j many that had never appeared with his name ; also his Notes to the fables of La Fontaine, and under the title of Melanges de Litterature et d'Histoire, the articles he furnished to the Mercure. Chamfort was a man very largely gifted with Esprit, and among the whole of his productions, there is probably not one that can be called ennuyeux, except the tragedy of Mustapha et Zeangir, which was v/ritteu to flatter Louis XVI, it being an allusion to the friendship which existed, or was sup- posed to exist, between the monarch and his brothers, the Counts of Provence and of Artois. The anecdotes of the soci- ety in which Chamfort passed the evening, and which on his return home he noted dov.'n on the back of a playing card, are extremely amusing, and the style in which they are written, comes nearer in piquancy, to ihe lighter productions of Vol- taire than any thing we have had of a similar n;i ;i-j since. Chamfort composed several of the speeches which Mirabeau pronounced from the tribune. He put an end to his existence during the reign of terror. This edition of his works is wor- thy of occupying a place in the library of every lover of Freno' Literature." — Xeio Monthly Mag. vol. 15, p. 484. Chateaubriand (Le Vicomte F. A. de) 4:J.^ CO.^IPLETE WORKS. (Euvrcs completes. Paris, Ladvocat, 1820, et aiiiiees siiivantes, 8vo. The publication of this, tlio first edition of the complete works of M. de Chateaubriand, is rapidly advancing to its close, and of the 30 volumes of which it is to consist, more than 20 iiuvri already appeared (IMarcb, 1820.) Besides the principal works of the author, such as his yitaln, Genie die Christkinisme, Fjs. COMPLETJ;: AVORKS. — Les meincs, avec Ics Exameiis de Voltaire el de La Harpe, precedes de la \'\c de P. Cor- neillo, par Fontenclle, de son Elo^e, par Gaillard, avec I'Eloge de Thomas Corneille, par De Eoze. Paris, Sautelet, 1825, 4 vols. Svo. — CEiivres de P. Corneille, et Chefs-d'oeuvre de Th. Corneille, avec les Commentaires de Voltaire. Edition ornee de figures d'apres Morcau. Paris, de Timprimerie de Crapelet (Renouard) 1817, 12 vols. Svo. This edition, says Brunet {Manuel), is the finest and most rorrect we have hitherto had of this poet. It contains also the translation of The Imitation, of Christ, the Poesies divcrses of P. Conieillo, and the three best pieces of his brother, and some of the notes of Palissot. Since Brunet wrote the above merited commendation of this edition, the two following have appeared, which are by no means inferior to it: — — Les memes, et Chefs-d'oeuvre de Th. Cor- neille, avec Commentaire de Voltaire et Juge- mens de La Harpe. Paris, Janet et Cotelle, 1821, 12 vols. Svo. — Les memes, avec les notes de tous les com- mentate urs. Paris, Lefevrc, 1824, 12 vols. Svo. " Corneille was no copyist. (Edipus was the only subjoft he borrowed from the Greeks, and thai, it is said, at the recom- COMPLETE WORKS. 441 iwendation of M. Fouquet. He rejected the dogmas of fatarism, and instead of mythological fahle, he made history his source. The civil wars, also, which were then in lively remembrance, turned his ideas towards political subjects. Numbers of poli- tical maxims may be found in his tragedies. His productions are less poetical, and less musical than those of the ancients ; they do not represent the actions of Gods and Demigods, but those of men rendered illustrious by their courage and virtues. They differ from the Greek drama, as much as history diffej-s from romance." — Revue Eiicy. vol. 22, pp. 89-90. " This work, (the Imitation of Jesus Christ of Thomas S. Kempis,) perhaps, for the great singularity of its author be- coming a religious writer, was attended with astonishing success. The observations of Fontenelle on this production, are, however, just. He tells us that he does not find in this Translation the prevailing charm of the original, which consists in its simplicity and naivete which are all lost in that pomp of versification so natural to Corneille. Voltaire says " It is reported that Cor- neille's translation of the Imitation of Jesus Christ has been printed 32 times ; it is as difficult to believe this as it is to read the book once." — Curiosities of Literature, vol. 2, ji. 235. CoTTiN (Marie Josephine Risteau). CEiivres complcles, piibliees pour la premiere fois, en un senl corps d'ouvrage, avec une Notice snr la vie et les ecrits de I'anteur, par A. Petitot. Paris, Foucault, 1817, 1819, 5 vols. Svo. — Les raemes, avec une Notice sur la Vie et les Ecrits de Tauteur, un Tableau historique des Croisades, line Analyse des ouvrages de 442 COMPLETE VVOKKS. Joinville, de Ville-Hardouiii, ct des notes sur le roman d'Elisabeth. Paris, Dabo, 1818, 1820, 12 vols. 18mo. — Les memes. Paris, Ladrange, 1823, 9 vols. 18mo. This very pretty edition is from the press ofF. Didot. " From the beginning of the narrative to its close, the thoughts, the expressions, the descriptions, all are limpid puritv. To this delicacy of principle, which is virtue, the author of Elisabeth adds delicacy of hand, which is taste. Her wri- ting has a great deal of that quality, which when ascribed to the corintcnance, is called expression. It implies, not exactly, strong sensations strongly signified ; but nice and sensitive pev- eeptior.s on every occasion, however common, and looks that speakingly reflect them ; a mind quickly seeing, and as quickly seen ; a clear but artless indication of emotions, natural but not vulgar. * * * This exquisiteiiess of tact, this play of features, belong to the compositions of Madauio Cottin : per^ haps they may fairly be considered as characteristic of the best authors of her sex." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 11, p. 451-^. D'Alembert (J. Lerond). Ses CEuvres pliilosopliiques, liistoriques, et liU teraires. Nouvelle edition. Paris, Kossaiiiro fr^res, Charles Bechat, 1821, 5 vols. 8s'0. " The present collection contains the celebrated preliminary l)i;^cotirse to the Encyclopoedia, the Essay on men of Letters; Memoirs of Queen Christina ; a Translation of select parts of Tacitus ; Elements of Philosophy, and Dissertations on various itibjccts. &c. &f. * * * The various Memoirs of tliis COMPLETE WORKS. 443 celebrated person, which are prefixed to this edition of part of liis works, have great value, as they describe the manners of the latter years of the French monarchy, and give an insight into the maxims and temper of that philosophical sect, in which D'Alembert was a leader. In this view they form very inter- esting documents for History." — Monthly Revieic, vol. .52, p. 480. Delille (Jacques). Ses CEuvres completes. Nouvelle edition. Pa- ris, Micbaud, 1824, IGvols. 8vo. " M. Delille has displayed in his translation of Milton, all tlie splendour of his genius ; though the work was began at a very advanced age, and accomplished within the space of twelve>- months. It is nervous, ardent, and spirited ; abounding in fine versification. Still it must be conceded, that here and there, it exhibits marks of precipitation, and that the sense of the ori- ginal is not always rendered with strict fidelity. His translation of Milton has, nevertheless, ever been considered superior to his Virgil, the cause, perhaps, of which is, that no modern lan- guage has the facility and strength of the Latin ; besides which, the English tongue bears a more close analogy to our own, which consequently renders translation from one to the other less diffi- cult."— jRf/jyyjO/'/f f/e rhistitut, Sj'c. p. 9 " Of the two translations of Virgil, that of Delille appears to possess more freedom of style, more richness of tone, and a more happy imitation of ihe beauties of the original ; but it must be admitted that this translation is not free from defect.'' — RapporU de V Institut, ^-c. p. 7- " The reception which the poem entitled Les Jardins, ex- perienced from the public mind, must have been highly flattcr- in? to the author. In accuracy of description, Delill," lias 441 COMPLETE WORKS. almost equalled Thomson : while in taste, and in uniform ele- gance, he has certainly surpassed him. The sententious elo- quence of the French anihor of the Seasons possesses neither the fire nor the harmony which we find in the Jardins ; and while we forget the former, which we had nevertheless admired, many verses of the latter become indelibly imprinted on our minds." — Edinhurgh Remew, vol. 15, p. 353. " In the Homme des Champs we recognised with pleasure our guide through the Gardens ; though, perhaps, we thought his company more agreeable, while he glided through the gay par-, terre, or sauntered on the shaven lawn — while he trimmed his vines, his quincuxes, and his honey-suckles, planted his olives and his citrons, or led us through groves of myrtles, where wo might hear the singing of the birds, and the murmuring of the fountains." — Edinhirgh Review, vol. 15, p. 353. The Georgics of Delille will always do honour to the French nation. In this elegant composition, their language was made to — • * * * Dcscendre sans bassesse, Et dit, sans s'avilir, jusques aux moindres choses. Fit des plus sees chardons, des oeillets et des roses, Diderot (Denis). SesCEuvres publiees sur les MSS. de I'autenr,. par J. A.Naig-eon. Paris, 1791, 15 vol:^. 8vo. — Les memes. Paris, Belin, 1818-19, 7 vols. 6vo. Diderot was an enthusiastic admirer of Richardson. He re- marked, that if he were about to part with his library, the only authors he would care about retaining, would be Moses, Horaei-, ]%i!ripides, Sophocles and Richardson. A most singular asso- ciation truly ! The reading of the latter author had, it ap- CO^IPLETE WORKS. 445 pears, given him an air of melancholy, which was remarked by a friend who met him one day, and with apparent surprise at his dismal appearance, he accosted him; " AVhat ails you? you dont look well ! " " Ah ! my dear fellow ! (replied Diderot in a half-humorous half-pathetic tone) Pamela, Claiissa, and Sir Charles Grandison, are three beautiful dramas!" — Buffon had also a decided predilection for Richardson. Tout change avec le temps. This companion of Moses and the Prophets, as Diderot would have it, is now more the illuminator of pretty waiting-maids, of y/0',ild-be Pamelas, than figuring among the great, as one of the shining lights of the age ! DORAT (M.) Ses (Euvres. Paris, 1825, 1 vol. 32mo. " Dorat has been called a petit maitre of the world of Lite- rature. He attempted every walk in poetry. He wrote tra- gedies long since forgotten ; comedies replete with persifllagc, and displaying but little knowledge of the art. He wrote a poem on declamation, which contains some good ideas ; but his lighter pieces, published under the title of Fantaisies, are his best essays." — CraufurcVs Essais, 8j-c. vol 2, p. 44. Droz (Joseph). Ses CEuvres. Paris, 1826, 2 vols. 8vo. M. Droz occupies a distinguished rank among the most use- ful writers of our time. His works, dictated by a mild and ami- able philosophy, have alvrays been favourably received by the public. This collection consists of the following works ; — Bssai surV art d'etre hcnreiix ; Eloge de Moiitaigne ; Etudes stir le Beau dans les Arts ; Les applications de la Morale a la politique ; and the Discours de Reception a Vt/lcademic fra))caisc. 44G COiMPLETE WORKS. Due IS (J. F.) Ses CEuvrcs. Paris, 1S24, 5 vols. 32mo. "31. Lcmercier ranks this writer, and very justlj-, above Crc- billon, who with the terrible has no mixture of tenderness. M. Ducis unites both." Duval (Alexandre). Scs (Eiivres. Paris, 1822-23, 9 vols. 8vo. '' A vast number of persona2;es pass in re vie ^v, in the Notices, (which M. Duval calls the Recucil dc sea Souvenirs,) which accompany this work ; actors, artists, and literary men : among the latter, we have an account of Ducis, Chenier, Collin D'Har- leville, Picard, Andrieux, Lemercier, Casimir Delavigne, See. Among the foreigners of Hie author^s acquaintance, we are in- troduced to the Prince de Ligne, Wieland, Goethe, Schiller, Kotzebue, &c. and among men of political power, to Bonaparte, by whom the author was persecuted, and General Moreau, his friend and compatriot ; and the Northern potentates, from whom he received very flattering testimonies of esteem. His style is like his sentiments, bold and free ; full of vivacity, pi- quant and witty ; negligent at times, and sometimes difiuse ; the defects of too great facility, exuberant imagination, and un- constrained spirit."^ — Revue Ency. vol. 23, p. 613-23. Fenelon (F. de Saligriac de Lamothe de). Ses CEuvres. Paris, de Timprimerie de F. A. Didot, 1787-92, 9 vols. 4to. Genuine copies of this edition, a handsome one, should c<>ntain the portrait of the author, and that of the Due de Bourgogne. rOIVIPLETE WORKS. ^17 Neltlier this edition, nor that published in 10 vols. 8\o. and r2iuo.. Paris, 1810, although announced as complete, contain the writings of Fenelon relating to the affair of Oi;iotisni, and especially the celehratod Explicatioyrs drs Maximes, which caused the ruin of its author. Thoy also want the writings on Jansenism. The following edition, now publishing in Svo. will be more complete than any that have preceded it : — — Ses (Euvres completes, publiees d'apres les MSS. originaux et les editions les plus cor- rectes, avec im grand nombre de pieces ine- dites. Versailles, 1820. Florian (J. P. Claris de). Ses (Euvres completes. Paris, del'imprimerie de Didot I'aine, 1/84-1807, 24 vols. I8mo. The works of l^lorian, says Brunet, have been frequently reprinted, hut tho rarly editions are preferred, on account of the superior manner in which they are printed. Should any difficulty be experienced in procuring one of the early editions, that which should be preferred is that of Rc- i:ouard, Paris, 1812, 16 vols. ISmo. " Few readers of French are unacquainted with the works o( Florian. His style, at once elegant and easy of construction,, has universally recommended him to the teachers of the l;ii'.- guagc, and Telemachus is commonly succeeded or supplanted br Numa. Gonzalne de Cordone, Estclle, and Galatee, are stock- hooks in all the circulating libraries, and the Tales of Florian are almost as generally read as those of Voltaire and Marmontcl. He possesses indeed very great attractions for the lover.s of light reading. His narrative is spirited and interesting; Lovp, Friendship, and Heroism, are his themes, and he commonly 448 COMPLETE WORKS. descants upon them with that genuine warmth, which rcsnlts from the combination of sensibility with ge.'iius. * * * Oon- zaloc de Cordoue^ is a prose epic, not inferior to Teleraachus in beauty of diction or interest of narrative. * * The histo- rical romance of Nami Ponipiliwi is in a higher style of com- position. It is founded upon some passages in the history of Ciirly Rome, and aspires to the dignity of moral and political instruction. The Estelle, and Galatee, seem formed in a great degree upon the Idylls of Gesner ; and were a bold and not unsuccessful attempt, to revive in France, the long-forgottou pastoral romance. Among tliosc of his works, which have least contributed to his fame, is JVilliam Tell, not published till after bis death, and which does not deviate from the established character of posthumous publications." — Quarterly Review, vol. 2, p. 3^8-349-350. " In France Harlequin was improved into a wit, and even converted into a moralist ! he is the graceful hero of Florian's charming compositions, which please even in the closet. * This imaginary being, invented by the Italians, and adopted by the French,' says the ingenious Goldoni, ' has the exclusive right of uniting naivete with finesse, and no one has ever surpassed Florian in the delineation of this amphibious character. He has even contrived to impart sentiment, passion, and morality to his pieces.'" — 3Iem. Gold. 1. 281. — Curiosities of Lite- rature, vol. 3, p. 16.. " fll. Florian's style is more elegant and pleasing than sub- lime, rather narrative than descriptive ; it does not indeed abound with poetical ornaments, but neither does it often dege- nerate into bombast." — 3Ionthlij Review, vol. 7? p* 5S7. FoNTENELLE (Bernard L. B. de). Ses (Evivres completes. Paris, Bastien, 1790, CO:«rPLETE WORKS. 449 8 vols. 8vo. "Before I left Blandford (says Gibbon) I finished tlie first C volumes of FontcncUe, which contain toiite la force ct toute lafienr de son esprit. I read thcni at my leisure hours with plea- sure, particularly the Eutrcthns snr la Plnrulife de-t MondeSj the Histoire dii Tliedtre Francois, and the Elogcs dcs Jicade- miciens. The Histoire dcs Oracles, though excellent, is some- what superficial. The Dialogues of the Dead, arc (if I may speak French) nne dehauche de raisonyiemcnt, as the Lcttres da Chevalier d'Her — tine debauclie d'esprit ct de galanterie. I acknowledge all the defects of the Eclogues, but some of them are charming." — Gibbon's 3Iis. PForks, vol. 2, p. 55. Genlis (Madame la Comtesse de). The numerous and multifarious works of the endless Com- tesse, already amount to nearly a hundred volumes. No col- h^cted edition of them has, as yet, been published, and whether any bookseller mil be bold enough to make the attempt, is a matter of uncertainty. To read all that Madame de Genlis has written, is a task few persons would undertake, but some of her works are well deserving a perusal, and the following are among them. Jldele et Theodore, 3 vols. 8vo. Alphonse, ou le Fits na- turel, 8vo. Alphonsinc, ou la Tendresse maternelle, '2 vols. Svo. Jjcs Chevaliers da Cygnc, ou la Cour de Chnrlcivagne, 3 vols. Svo. La Duchcsse de la P^alliere, 2 vols. 12mo. Madame de Maintenon^ Svo. Mademoiselle de Clermo7it, ISmo. Mademoi~ sclle de la Fayette, 2 vols. 18mo. Le Siege de la Rochellc, 3 vols. 12mo. Sec. " That IMadame de Genlis is a novelist of great fire and ani- snation, of considerable truth and invention — that she has the ialcnt of carrying her readers with interest through her pages, G 2 450 CO.MPLETE WORKS. is most certain. Certain it is that whatever she paints of hu- man actions or passions, she paints with minuteness and accu- racy ; and that in all the details of description, she is exact and exuberant. But praise ends here. We must not look for merit of a higher order in any of her productions. We must not expect to find her creating new forms, transfusing souls into bodies that become animated by her touch, or taking any of the large views of nature, which bespeak true genius. la the smaller intellectual faculties, as the perception of facts, the arrangement of incident, in all that is necessary to catch some happy glimpses of manners, she is eminently rich ! but not in those which compare, combine, and follow up the greater re- lations that join effects to causes. If we may be allowed thus to express ourselves, we should say Madame de Genlis has a \ery large portion of a very small mind, and that portion par- ticularly active. Her intellectual arsenal is boundlessly stock- ed with sparrow-shot." — Quarterly Review, vol. 34, p. 428. " The Avorks of Madame de Genlis form a sort of connect- ing link between those women, who wrote at the latter end of Louis XlVth's day, and those who have appeared since the re- volution. The foundress of a new genUs of composition in her own language, her domestic stories are a deviation from the grave formalities of the early French novel ; and stand equally free from the licentious liberties of the new, a witty but im- moral school founded by the Marivaux, the Louvets, and the Leclos. * * * ft „,a,y however, be said with great truth, that none ever wrote so well, who wrote so much, or has ever blended so few faults, with so many merits of style and compo- sition." — Lady Morgan's France, vol. 2, p. 381-382. Hugo (Victor). As Mr. Hugo is one of the leading writers of the day, and COMPLETE WORKS. 4ol may be called one of the founders of the Ecole Romantiqne in France, we think it right to inform our readers, that a complete and very handsome edition of his works is in the course of publi- cation. Throe 8vo. vols, have already appeared, containing his Odes et Ballades, 2 vols, and f.es Oricntalcs, I vol. La Harpe (J. Fr. de) CEuvres choisies et posthumes. Paris, 180G, 4 vols. Svo. " The rank which was so justly assigned to I\r. La Ilarpe, among the literati of France, his various worksj his sufferings in the course of the Revolution, and the change which they occasioned in his religious sentiments, render his story in a high degree interesting to curious readers. He claims attention as the associate of Voltaire, D'Alembert, and Condorcet, as an Academician of great celebrity, as a dramatic writer of emi- nence, and as a first-rate critic. During the best part of his life, he was a disciple of the French philosophy, and an active disseminator of its principles, and he affords we believe, the only instance of a convert made from that sect to Christianity." — Monthly Review, vol. 51, p. 449. Lamotte (Ant. Hoiidart de.) QEuvres choisies. Paris, Didot, 2 vols. 18mo. " La jMottc translated Homer's Tliad, which subjected hira to considerable ridicule ; but the Introductory part was greatly esteemed. Madame Dacier, in her Essay, IJes causes de ia Corruption da Gout, attacked La Motte with great bitterness. La jNIotte replied in his Essai sur la. Critique, a work aboundin"- in wit, argument, and true philosophy. In this contest the combatants seemed to have changed places. Madame Dacier laid about her with all the fury, strength, and dogmatising spi- 462 COMPLETE WORKS. lit of a mail, while Lu Mottc parried with all the grace, iiigfi- nuity, and courteousncss of a woman. Of La Motte's four tra- gedies, the only one preserved is his Jnes de Castro. Montes- fjuicu pronounced it fine. Of his Comedies, the only one now acted, is the Magnifique. Some of his moral odes are excel- lent. His lighter ones are exceedingly pretty. His fables can- not take rank with those of his friend La Fontaine. The latter is all nature, the former is assumed naivct6. J. B. Rous- seau, in speaking of his fables, says — Quadrupede, inscctc, poisson, Tout prend un noble caractere Kt s'exprime du meme ton. Enfin, par son sublime organe Les animaux parlent si bien, Que dans Houdart souvent un unc Est un academician." — Craufurd's Essais 8fc. vol. 2, p. 13-15-19. Le Sage (Alaiii-Eene.) Scs GEuvrcs choisies. Paris, 17S3, 15 vols. 8vo, " Le Sage knew more of the world than the Abbe Prevost ; and his Works are consequently more cmbued with this know- ledge. His Gil Bias is a faithful picture of every situation in life ; and is as instructive as amusing, His other novels are imi- tations of the Spanish." — Barbier's Bibl. vol. C), p. 30. We give below the two best editions of Gil Bias quoted by Brunet: — Histoire de Gil Bias de Santillane. Londres, 1809, 4 vols. 8vo. This edition is embellished by 24 engravings, from the designs of Smirke. COMPLETE WORKS. 453 Le meme, avec ini Discours ])reliminaire, et des Notes, par M. Le Comle F. de Neiifch?t- teau. Paris, Lcfevre, de I'lnipriinerie de Crapelet, 1820, 3 vols. Svo. This (says Brunei) is a vcrv handsome edition, printed froni the one of 1747, which contains numerous corrections, and addi- tions, made by the author. M. Francois de Neufchateau, fn his preliminary discourse, ably contends, against the opinion of Isla, that the subject of Gil Bias is not borrowed from the Spanish, but merely a few minor points from the Novel called Relaciones de la vida del escndero Marcos de Obrcgon, por V. EspineL Madrid, 1618, 4to. For further particulars on this interesting- controversy, see Llorente, Poetry, Novels, Sfc. " Gil Bias, by Le Sage, is a book full of good sense, and in- structive knowledge of the world." — Blair's Lectures, vol. 3, p. 75. L'HospiTAL (Michel). Ses CEuvres, precedees d'uii Essai siir la vie et les ouvrages de I'auteur, par P. .J. S. Dafey, avocat. Paris, 1824, 7 vols. Svo. " Great credit is due to M. Dufey de I'Yoiine, for this com- plete collection of the works of this celebrated man. He has prefaced this edition by an introductory article, in which he de- scribes the revolution of the sixteenth century, with its causes and effects, and the principal political events from the time of Francis I, to that of Cliarles IX. This introduction was indis- pensable as a key to the life of L'llopital. This edition com- prehends the Harangues, and the State Memoirs. Then follows his celebrated Traitc de la Reformation de la Justice, u work 451 COMPLETE W ORKS. in which all the character of the man appears, his love of jiusticc and integrity." — Rome Ency. vol. 2/», p. 639. " The Chancellor L'Hopital was an able and an upright ma- gistrate greater by his virtues than his talents ; intrepid in the midst of every danger, and with a soul which only the vices of his nation could overwhelm. After the inurdcr of the Protest- ants, whom he had always protected, he ordered the widest doors of his caslle to be thrown open to the executioners of the St. Bartholomow, who had come to assassinate him ; but he died of grief at the crimes of his country." — Edinburgh Rrineio, vol. 3.% p. 168. Mably (G. B. de). Collection complete de sesQiavres, edition pu- bliee par M. Arnoux. Paris, an iii. (1794.) 15 vols. 8vo. Tiiis, the only edition of the collected works of IMably, is ]Hinti;don very inferior paper, and the copies printed on vellam ]iaper, are alone recommended by Brunct. — See Mablv, Hit- tonj, ^'c. Of the voluminous Avritings of the Abb6 de Mably, the Prin- c?pes (lit Droit public de V Europe, and the first part of the Observations sur I'Histoire de France, may be deservedly . praised ; and even the Manih'e d^ecrire Vlfistoirn contains se- veral useful precepts and judicious remarks. Mably was a lover of virtue and freedom : but his virtue was austere and his freedom was impatient of an equal. Kings, Magistrates, Nobles, and successful writers were the objects of his contempt, or ha- tred, or envy : but his illiberal abuse of Voltaire, Hume, Buffon, the Abbe Ilaynal, Dr. Robertson, and tutti qiianti can be in- jurious only to himself." — O'ibbon's Miscel. Works ^ vol. 1, p. 86. COMPLETE WORKS. 455 " No work, perhaps, contains so perfect a view of the designs and ultimate tendency of the Jacobin conspiracy, as the Abbe de Mably's Doutes proposes mix Philosophes, Sfc. and his Traite des Droits et Devoirs des Citoyeyis. The reader will find them a complete code of Jacobin principles ; of the means they waxQ^ to employ to accomplish their object ; and a full view of the ultimate state of things which it was their great end and aim to produce." — Works of C. Butler, vol. 2, p. 7-5. Maintenon (Madame de), Lettres do Madame de Maintenon, recueillies par de la Beaumelle. Amsterdam, 175G, 9 vols. 12mo. Memoires pour scrvir a I'hisloire de Madame de Maintenon, et a celJe du siecle passe, par de la Beaumelle. Amsterdam, 1775, 6 vols. The above are the handsomest editions of the Letters and IMemoirs of Madame Maintenon, two works which, says Brunet, ought always to go together. The edition of her Letters, preceded by the Life of Madame de Maintenon, by Auger (Paris, L. Collin, 1807, 6 vols. l2mo.) contains some letters, till then unpublished ; some have been corrected from the original manuscripts, while others, which had been inserted in the edition of Beaumelle, have been omitted as devoid of interest. Malherbe (Fr, de). Ses (Euvres, et Observations de Menagfe et Chevreau. Paris, 1723, 3 vols. l2mo. 45G COMPLETE WORKS. " IMalherltc flonrlshed tlirough the reigns of six Kings of France : Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III, Henry IV, and Louis Xlf f. IJoilcau represents Malhcrl)c as the first poet who v/rote French correctly, and with taste. It is said of him, that lie interrupted his confessor, who was describing to him in incorrect language, the prospects of future bliss, with these words, ' Say nothing more about it, your bad style will only serve to disgust me with it.' It is added that an hour only before his death, and when he was thought to be expiring, he suddenly started up to correct a word of bad French, Avhich some one had just pronounced. Something like this is also re- lated of Pere Bouhours, who on the point of death, was heard to say ' Jc m'en vais, on je on^en vas, for which is most proper is still doubtful ! ' — thus affording a further proof of ' the ruling passion strong in death.'" — Cravfurd's Essais ^'c. vol. l,p.337. Marmontel (Jean Francois). Scs .CEuvres completes. Paris, 1787-1806, 32 vols. 8vo. The 17 first volumes of this collection were published under the eyes of the author. The edition is now, however, but littl« esteemed. — Lcs memos. Paris, Verdiere, 1818-19, 18 vols. 8vo. This edition, from the press of F. Didot, is preferred to the above. — Les memes. Paris, iV. Bellin, 1819-20, 7 vols. 8vo. COMPLETE WORKS. 4o7 At the head of the seventh volume of this edition, is a very interesting JVotice on the works of Maimontel. See Marmon'- TEL, Belles Lettres and Biography. Marot (Clement). There are various editions of this, one of the early poets of France : the following are most deserving of attention : — CEuvres de Marot, auo^mentees d'un sfrand nombre de ses conipositions nouvelles. Lyon, Dolet, 1543, 8vo. — Les memes, revues, angmentees, et disposees en beancoup msilleur ordre que ci-devant; plus, quelques cBuvres de Michel Marot, pu- bliees par F. Miziere, medecin. Niort, Por- teau, 1596, 16mo. — Les memes, angmentees, avec les oeuvres de J. et Michel Marot, &:c. accompagnees d'une preface historique, etc. par Nic. Lenglet du Fresnov. La Haye, 1731, 4 vols. 4to. or, (published at the same time,) in 6 vols. 12mo. which is to be preferred both for its greater beauty and convenience. — Qjluvres choisies de Clement Marot. Paris, Didotl'aine, 1801, 1 vol. ISmo. MlRABEAF (G . H. R.) 458 COMPLETE WORKS. Ses QEiivres completes, precedees d'uiic Notice, par Merilloii. Paris, 1826, 9 vols. 8vo. " The space in public opinion, wliich once was filled by Mi- rabeau, his singular adA^entures, his extraordinary talent, and bis astonishing political display strongly excite attention to all that his pen has at any time traced." — Monthly Review, vol. 52, p 502. " The number of Mirabeau's productions, the importance of the subjects which he treated, his superior talent, and the deep interest attached to the events which inflamed his genius, and which occasioned him to obtain the title of the French Demos- thenes, altogether serve to render his works the best commentary on the spirit of the French Revolution." — Barbier's Bibl. vol.5, p. 258. MoLiERE (J. B. Poquelin de). Ses CEuvres, avec des Remarqnes ^ramma- ticales, des observations, etc. par Bret. Paris, 1773, 6 vols. 8vo. This is the best and most esteemed of all the editions of Mo- liere, published with the notes of Bret. The latter has, in his edition, followed the text of that of 1734, and he has adopted the life of iVIoliere, by Voltaire, to which he has added a supple- ment. It is believed that Bret had but little to do with the grammatical notes, attached to the fourteen principal pieces, which are said to be the production of an anonymous writer. Les memes, avec un Commentaire historique et litteraire, precedees du Tableau des moeurs du dix-septieine sicicle, et de la vie de Mo- liere, par M. Pctitot. Nouvelle edition. Pa- ris, Aillaud, 1829, 6 vols. 8vo. COMPLETE WORKS. 459 The Tableau des Maurs, prefixed to this edition, throws very great light on many of the characters and incidents, so ad- mirably delineated by Moliere. — Les mernes, avec un Commentaire, im dis- cours preliminaire et une vie de Moliere, par M. Auger. Paris, de I'imprimerie de F. Di- dot, 1819-20, 9 vols. 8vo. figures d'apres Horace Vernet. This edition, says Brunet, as well from the correctness of the text, as from the merit of the commentary, the beauty of the ty- pography, and the finish of the engravings, by far excels all those that have hitherto appeared. To this and every 8vo. edition, may be added the ongrpvings from new designs of M. jMorcau, published by M. Renouard ; they are very superior to the draw- ings made by the same artist, in 1773. To every edition of Moliere should also be added the follow- ing biography of that inimitable writer, which has obtained great commendation here and on the Gjntinent. Histoire de la vie et des ouvrages de Moliere, par J. Taschereau. Paris, 1825, 1 vol. 8vo. " If again, we look at Moliere's object in all the numerous pieces which his fertile genius produced, we perceive a con- stant, sustained, and determined warfare against vice and folly, — sustained by means of wit and satire, without any assistance derived cither from sublimity or pathos. It signified little to Moliere what was the mere form which his drama assumed : whether regular comedy or comedie-ballet, whether his art worked in its regular sphere, or was pressed by fashion into the service of mummery and paiitomimCj its excellence is the same, 400 COMPLETE WOllKS. — if but one phrase was uttered, that phrase was comic. In- stead of sinking down to the farcical suhjects which he adop- ted, whether by command of the king, or to sacrifice to the popular taste, Moliere elevated these suhjects by his treat- inent of them. His pen, like the hand of Midas, turned all it touched to gold ; or rather, his mode of treating the most or- dinary subject gave it a value such as the sculptor or engraver cun confer upon clay, rock, old copper, or even cherry-stones." — Foreign Quarterly Rcvieiv, No. 3, p. 3 17- " Few writers, if any, ever possessed the spirit, or attained the true end of Comedy, so perfectly upon the whole, as Mo- liore. His Tartuffe, in the style of Grave Comedy, and his Ai'are, in the Gay, are accounted his two capital productions.'' Blair's Lectures, vol. 3, p. 345. Montesquieu (Ch. Secondat Baron de). Ses CEuvres completes. Noii^elle edition, con- tenant I'Eloge de Montesquieu, par M. Ville- main, les N^otcs d'Helvetius et de Condorcet, et le Commentaire de Voltaire sur I'Esprit des Lois. Paris, Lequien, 1819, 8 vols. 8vo. — Les memes, avec les Remarques des divers Commentaires, et des Notes inedites. Scule edition complete, dirigee par M. Collin de Plancy. Paris, 1823, 1 vol. 8vo. " This excellent edition comprises, in a single volume, the whole works of Montesquieu, Voltaire's Commentary on the Esprit des Lois ; the Remarks of llelvetius on the first Eight Itrtoks : Condorcct's Observations ou the Twenty-ninth ; the COMPLETE WORKS. 461 valiialile Notes of Guys, and others extracted from Saint- Foix, Beccaria, Thouret, ■with the chief part of the Commentary of M. Dcstutt-Tracy, are all comprised in this volume.'^ — Re- viie Ency. vol. 18, p. 644. The greatest political writer that France has ever produced^ and one of the greatest that has been known in any country, is unquestionably Montesquieu. It is said that this author, who had constantly meditated upon his subject during twenty years, gave his E'^prit des Lois to be read by the man in France, whom he considered as the best informed upon such subjects, and the most capable of pronouncing a just opinion of it, and that this friend, who it seems, was more candid than enlight- ened, objected to the work in general, and particularly to some of the greatest views contained in it. ' Then' said Montesquieu, ' I see my own age is not ripe enough to understand my work, nevertheless I will publish it." — Edi7iburgh Revieiv. vol. 35, p. 170. " The Lettres persannef, by Montesquieu, may be considered as fictitious history, and one of the most philosophic in existence." • — Edinburgh Review, vol. 35, p. 178. PoMPiGNAN (Le Marquis de). Ses Tragedies et (Euvres completes. Paris, 1794, 6 vols. 8vo. The lyric productions of M, de Pompignan have been greatly admired. His Ode on the death of J. B. Rousseau contains some very fine passages. In his 25th year, he produced the tra- gedy of Didon, which had great success, and which is now a stock -piece. He produced a comedy at the Theatre Italirn, called the Jdieux de Mars,\\\\\c\v also succeeded. His f'^oy- oge en Languedoc is greatly inferior to that of Chapelle and 46'i COMPLETE WORKS. JJachiUiniont. The Marquis upon his reception at the French Academy, openly attacked the philosophers of the day. This drew upon him the enmity of Voltaire, who directed against him his keenest satire. Pompignan had a proud air ; the Satirist thus characterises him — Cesar n'a point d'asyle, ou sa cendre repose, Et I'ami Pompignan croit etre quelque chose." — Craufurd's Estsais, 8fc. vol. 2, p. 46-58. Hacine (Jean). Ses QEuvres. Paris, de rimprimerie de P. Didot I'aine, an ix. [1801-5,] 3 vols. fol. This (says Brunct,) is the most magnificent book that was ever printed. The 57 engravings, with which it is emhellished, Averc engraved hy the first artists in Paris, from drawings by MM. Gerard, Girodet, See. There were but 250 copies printed. — Les memes, avecles Notes des Commentaires, publiee par M. L. Aime Martin. Paris, Le- fevre, 1824, 6 vols. 8vo. This edition, a very handsome one, contains the piincipal an- notations of Louis Racine, d'Olivet, Voltaire, La Harpe, &c. The passages which Racine imitated from the ancients arc also given in the original Greek and Latin. " The poetic impulse, however, does not appear to have been naturally very intense in Racine, or of a very energetic com- ]>lexion. He excelled in painting the tender passions; and that of which he always gives the truest picture is Love ; even though, in order to give it currency at Versailles, he was forced to mix it up with a large dose of gallantry ; and to make j-'rcnchmen of his Greeks. His female characters are delineated with more truth thau his heroes. His Romans have less of their COMPLETE WORKS. 463 country sternness than the Romans of Cofneillc, but, indeed, all his personages arc Frencli ; and French belonging to the time and court of Louis XIV. It is in vain that he gives them fo- reign names ; that he hands them over all the Gods of Mytho- logy for their friends and intimates, and dresses them in Gre- cian armour ; their minds and souls are still French, their mo- ral costume is Parisian, and there is not one of them who, had he appeared in the Salo7i d'Herculc, or the Galerie de Diane, at Versailles, might not have passed for a most agreeable cour- tier," — Quarterly Review, vol. 29. *' Of all the French poets, Racine was, without doubt, the best acf^uainted with the ancients ; he did not merely study them as a scholar ; he felt them as a poet. He found, however, the practise of the Theatre already firmly established, and did not undertake to deviate from it, for the sake of approaching these models. He only, therefore, appropriated the separate beauties of the Greek poets; but whether from respect for the taste of his age, or from inclination, he remained faithful to the pre- vailing gallantry, so foreign to the Greek tragedy, and for the most part made it the foundation of the intrigues of his pieces.'' —Schlegei's Lectures on the Drama, page 323. '■'■ Racine is deservedly the favourite of the French nation ; for besides the perfection of his style, and a complete mastery over his art, according to the rules prescribed by the national taste, there is a certain tenderness of sentiment, a movement of the heart, under all the artificial pomp by which it is disguised, which cannot fail to interest the reader. His Atlialic is, per- haps, the most perfect of all his pieces." — Edinburgh Review, vol. 26, p. 93. *'0f all the French tragedians, Racine studied the ancicnls with the greatest attention. * * * The style of Racine is greatly admired, and is generally highly polished and elegant : but it is difficult to find a single page in which useless woids. 404 C031PLETE WORKS. ami even lines, are not introduced for the sake of tlie rhyme. The French talk much of the pleasure derived from conteni- jilatiug the many obstacles which the poet must have overcome before he could produce Brittauniciis, or Phedra. But can it he possible for any person of genuine taste, when he beholds Talma in one of his most admired characters, so far to abstract his attention from the subject before him, as calmly to occupy himself with reflecting upon the diflicullies an author must encounter in the regular arrangement of masculine and femi- nine rhymes?" — Qiwrterly Review, vol. 12, p. 130. La Bruyere draws the following eloquent parallel between Corneille and Racine, "If any comparison between them be al- lowed, perhaps it will 1h' correct to say, that Corneille brings ns into his characters and ideas ; Racine conforms himself to ours ; the former dei)icts man as he ought to be, the latter as he is found ; there is more in the former to admire and to imi- tate, and more in the latter to make us satisfied with ourselves. The one elevates, astojiishcs, subdues, instrncts ; the other pleases, softens, and penetrates. AVhatever is great, grand, and noble which reason dictates, is illustrated by the former, while the latter produces the most seductive and delicate etfects of passion. In the former may he found rules and precepts ; in the latter, tasteful ideas and sentimentalities. We are more strongly pos- sessed by the pieces of Corneille ; and more moved and softened by those of Racine. Corneille is more moral ; Racine more na- tural. It should appear as if one copied Sophoclesj and tho other prcfrrred Eunpedes for his model." In an anonymous publication, called, Connaissance des baii- tcx et dcs diifauts de la poesie et de I'eloquence, SfC. Londres 1749, in 12mo. written by Voltaire, is given the following cri- tique ; " Besides these fotir tragic writers (of France,) Cor- neille, Racine, Crebillon and Voltaire, I know of none which deserve to be read. There arc five or six only of Corneille 'g COMPLETE WORKS. 465 tragedies which are readable, or which ought to be read ; there are but the Electre and Rudamistc of Cr^billon, which a man of any taste can sit to hear ; but tlie tragedies of Racine I can recommend, with one only exception — Lcs Frhres Ennemis.'' Of his own writings he says — " M. de Voltaire's dialogue is infinitely preferable to that of Crebillon, as all the world knows ; and his skill altogether so superior, tliat some of his pieces, (as Brutus and Jules-Cesar,) I should place in competition with those of the great Corneille. I advance nothing which I cannot prove." Rabelais (Francois). Ses CEuvres, edition variorum, augmentees de Pieces inedites, des Songes drolatiques de Pantagruel, ouvrage postliume, avec I'expli- cation en regard ; des Remarques de Le Du- chat, de Bernier, de le Motteux, de I'Ablje de Marsy, de Voltaire, de G inguene, etc. et d'un nouveau Commentaire liistorique et phi- lologique, par MM. Eloy, Johanneau, et Es- mangart, Membres de la Societe royale des Antiquaires et de plusieurs autres Academies, Paris, 1823, 10 vols, with 132 plates. *•' Rabelais brightens up to me as I see more of tlse world ; he treated it as it deserved, laughed at it all, and as i judge from myself, ceased to hate it, for I find hatred an unjust pre- ference." — Walpoles JVorks, vol. 6, p. 37o. Rousseau (Jean Jacques). Ses (Euvres, avec des Notes historiques. Paris, H2 4G6 COiVlPLETE WORKS. Lefevre, de I'inipriinerie de Crapclet, 1819- 20, 22 vols. 8vo. ligures d'apres Desenne, Bourgeois, &c. This is the most complete edition of Rousseau's works. It is distinguished, says Brunet, not only for the beauty of the impression and the engravings, but it also contains an excellent text, founded in a great measure on that of Geneva, and with- out the pretended ameliorations introduced in the edition of 1801. The editor, M. Petitain, whose enlightened zeal cannot be too much praised, has left no means untried of rendciing the work as perfect as possible, and his efforts have been crowned with complete success : but the reader who Avishes to know all the advantages of this edition, must consult its pre- faces and ii;teresting notes, as the limits of this work will not allow us to give them here in full. "What love and desire — what longing and passionate expec- tation, hung upon the voice of Rousseau, the idol of his day [ — That spell is broken. We noM' can regard his works in themselves, in a great measure free from all the delusions and illusions that, like the glories of a bright and vapoury atmos- phere, were for ever rising up and encircling the image of their wonderful creator. Still is the impression of his works vivid and strong. 'J'he charm which cannot pass away is there — life breathing in dead words, — the pulses of passion — the thiilling of the frame, — the sweet pleasure stealing from senses touched Avith ccstacy into sounds which the tongue frames, and the lips utter with delight. All these still are there — the fresh beauty, the undimmed lustre — the inmiortal bloom and verdure and fragrance of life. These, light and vision like as they seem, endure as in marble. But that which made the spirits of men, from one end of Europe to the other, turn to the name of Rous- seau — that idolizing enthusiasm which we can now hardly con- COMPLETE WORKS. 4f.7 ceive, was the illusion of one generation, and lias not survived to another. And what was the spell of that illusion ? Was it merely that bewitching strain of dreaming melancholy which lent to moral declamation the tondorness of romance ? Or that fiery impress of burning sensibility, which threw over abstract and subtle disquisitions, all the colours of a lover's tale ? These undoubtedly — but not these alone. It was t-hat continual im- personation of himself in his writings, by which he was for ever kept brightly present before the eyes of men. There was in him a strange and unusual desire of depicting himself through all the changes of his being. His wild temper only found ease in tracing out, in laying bare to tlie universal gaze, the very ground-work, the most secret paths, the darkest coverts, of one of the most unmanageable minds ever formed by nature. From the moment that his first literary success had wedded him to the public — this was his historj' — and such his strange, con- tradictory, divided life. Shy, and shunning the faces of men in his daily walks, yet earching and j-ending up the inmost re- cesses of his heart for the inspection of that race which he either feared or hated. As a man turning from the light as from something insupportably loathsome, and plunging into the thickest shades. Yet in tha*'. other existence which he held from imagination, living in the presence of men, in the full broad glare of the world's age — and eagerly, impetuously, passionately, imsparingly seizing on all his own most hidden thoughts — his loneliest moods — his most sacred feelings, which had been che- rished for the seclusion in which they sprung, for thci;- c.yrxi still deep peace — and for their breathings of unbeheld conmiu- nions — seizing upon all these ; and flinging them out into the open air, that they might feed the curiosity of that eager, idle, frivolous world from which he had fled in misanthropical dis- gust — that he might arrange an exhibition for their greedy gaze, •dm} that he, the morbid melancholy lover of solitude, might 4G8 COMPLETE WORKS. ncl ji (-on: plciious iiiul ap])laudcd part in the crowded theatre of public fame." — EcUnhurgh Review, vol. 30, p. 89-90, " Ronssoaii appeared for the first time before the literary world in 17-^0, when his answer to the question, whether thft icvival of letters had contributed to the improvement of public morals, was crowned by the Academy of Dijon. ' All his after works ' says Madame de Stael, ' are but the developeinent of the system founded by this first Essay.' His writings every where exhibit his passion for nature, and his hatred for all the additions made to it by man. His next production is a Dis- rours sur Ics causes de I'inegaUte parmi les hommes, ct sur I'originc dcs .socictes. This Essay is universally esteemed as a master-piece of eloquence, abounding in paradox, prohlem, and ideas of the wildest description. His Letter to d'i\lembert contains many important truths, mixed up with a great deal of ridiculous matter. It breathes however, the spirit of patriotism, and advocates the principles of virtue. Rousseau it is well known was passionately fond of music. His Devin du Village is the only opera I know, the words and music of which are entirely by one author. In 1761 he published La J^oiivelle Hl'loise, a work abounding in great beauties, and great defects. Lr Contrat social followed next, greatly applauded by some, and according to others, full of contradictions and errors. Vol- taire entitled it the unsocial Contract. In 17G3, his Emile appeared, which is principally on the subject of education. This Avork is said to have contributed (o the progress of infidelity, Jt was condemned by the Parliament of Paris. These words attributed to Madame de Boufflers, will serve for the Confession. ' Rousseau would have had a greater character for virtue had he died without making confession." — Cranfurd's Essais Sfc. vol. 3, p. 128 to 169. " Of the most celebrated work of this kind, the Confessions oi Jean Jaqucs Rousseau^ it has been justly observed (hat COMPLETE WORKS. 4CU ' there is more vanity concentrated in its first ten lines, tlian in tlie whole contents of any other book in the world.'" — Kncij- clopcsdia Metropoliiana, vol. 1. Introductory Chapter on History, p. ?• Segur (M. le Comte de). (Euvres completes. Paris, 1825, 8vo.^ " M. de Segur, more than any one, is enabled to give a just idea of the events immediately preceding the Revolution. In- vested with high dignities, witness of all the arts of the Court and the government ; admitted into the councils of the ditferont powers of Europe, an observer of the movements which agi- tated the political world ; a participator in those movements ; and finally emerging from the midst of them into the calm which succeeded, M. dc Segur resembles a mariner, who after innumerable dangers, finds himself safe in port at last ; and calls to mind and relates the hurricanes he has encountered, and the breakers and rocks he has escaped. * * * Count Segur was in the service of Louis XV, and in that of his suc- cessor. He was honored by the friendship of Washington, of Frederick, Catherine, Joseph II, and of Gustavus. He re- ceived encomiums from Voltaire, Diderot, and D'Alembcrt ; he was a soldier in the United States ; an Ambassador to Russia : one of Napoleon's liomme d'etat ; an associate of Kosciusko and of Lafayette, an historian, dramatist, senator, Academician, Deputy, Newspaper Editor, and Peer of France. The first volume of his Memoirs contains a recital of the principal his- torical events Avhicli occurred from the commencement of the reign of Louis XVI, until the year 1783." — Revue Enf^y. vol. 2.5, p. 690. SouzA (Madame de). tjo COMPLETE WOUKS. ffiuvres completes; revues, corrigees, aug- nieiitees, etc. Paris, 1821-22, 6 vols. 8vo. " Who tliat ever read Adelc de Scnange or Eugenie et Ma- thilde, and did not wish to know Madame de Souza3 * * Madame do Soiiza is known to fame as the author of some of the prettiest novels in the French language." — Lady Morgan's France, vol. 2, p. 393. Stael (Madame la Earonne de). CEuvres completes, publiees par son fils. Paris, 1820-21, 17vols. 8vo. " The genius of Madame de Stael belongs to the day and age in which it dawned, and by which it was nurtured. It par- takes of their boldness and their aspirations, their freedom and their force. Fostered amidst philosophical enquiries and poli- tical fermentation, its objects are naturally graiul, its scope vast, its efforts vigorous. It has the energy of inspiration and its disorder. Tl»ere is in the character of Madame de Stael's compositions, something of the Delphic priestess." — Lady Mor^ gan's France, vol. 2, p. 382. CEuvres inedites, publiees par sou fils ; preced^es d'une Notice sur le caractere et les ecrits de Madame de Stael, par Madame Necker Saus- sure. London, 1820, 3 vols. " This posthumous publication makes us better acquainted with its illustrious author than any of the works which she has herself given to the world, and lets us more into her personal character than all that has yet been written about her. Nor do we say this so much with reference to the prefatory JMemoir, or Eloge rather;, which stands at the beginning, as to those COMPLETE WORKS. 471 productions of Madame dc Stael herself, Avhich now make their first appearance. These consist of her first and her last wri- tings — of the plays and poems in which she indulged her genius before she imhihed the spirit of her age, or aspired cither to rival or to replace its models — and of the pieces with which she amused her later retirement, with scarcely any view to pub- lication, or what she did not survive to revise, with that de- ference to public opinion which always lowers the relief, and •weakens the originality of the most intrepid of experienced writers." — Edinburgh Revieiv, vol. 36, p. 54. Vauvenargues (M.) CEuvrcs completes. Paris, 1806, 2 vols. 8vd. "Of the works Avliich this interesting writer has left to us, those of the greatest merit are his Introduction to the Knowledge of the Human Mind, his Critical Reflections on certain French Poets, his Characters, and his Maxims and Reflections." — MontJdy Revieiv, \o\.. 51, p. 507- Yertot (R. a. de). (Euvres choisies. Paris, 1819, 12 vols. 8vo. *' Vertot knew both how to write and how to narrate in a style at once elegant and fascinating. His works are still read, and his Revolutions romaines are much esteemed. Yet I should prefer his Revolutions de Portugal, although he has not always drawn from authentic Memoirs; and above all, the Revolutions de Suede, if he had in writing them been as care- ful in delineating the manners and the government of the peo- ple, as he was in adorning his style with all the charms of a finished composition. " His Histoirc dc Malfe savours somewhat of tT\e Romance, 47-2 CO^IPLETE WORKS, Iji.tli fioni tlio long and poetical descriptions of battles and sieges it contains, and from the cnibellishmcnls, purely imagi- native, which lie has introduced with so little scruple, that having, when the work was composed, received very authentic Memoirs on the siege of Malta, he did not make use of them, but satisfied himself with replying: C'est trop tard, mon sibge est fait !" — La Harpe, Cours de Littcraturey vol. 7, p- 117. Voltaire (M. de) Ses OEiivres, avec des Avertissemens ct des Notes, par Condorcet, &c. Kehl, de I'lmpri- nieriedelaSocietelitteraireettypoi^raphique, 1785-89,70 vols. 8vo. " This famous edition of Beauraarchais eclipsed every thing of its kind, on a similar scale of magnitude ; but for intrinsic worth, if not for extrinsic splendour, it has been surpassed by the recent impression of llenouard. " Beaumarcliais began with buying the Avhole of Baskervillc's types, punches, and matrices. Ho re-established ruined paper mills in the Vosgcs, about 15 miles from Kehl ; was nice to ex- cess in the paper to be manufactured, and employed the most knowing workmen engaged in the manufactory of Dutch paper. His printing-ofnce and establishment at Kehl were immense. IVTany millions of livres were expended, and the ultimate loss of a million was the result of his vast projects, and incessant ac- tivity and solicitude. But the proof-sheets (especially of the duodecimo edition) were carelessly revised ; and Beaumarchais, in an evil hour, exalted Voltaire, at the expense of Racine. In short, the impression betrayed the absence of a correct edi- torial tact ; and La Harpe tells us that those of Didot are very much superior in accuracy and utility-" " I now come to the last and best edition of the entire works of Voltaire, by Kenouard, just completed in GO octavo volumes. COMPLETE WORKS. 473 with 113 vignettes, and 47 portraits. The designs of jVIoroaii le Jeunc embellish this splendid and estimable production ; hut of designs and graphic embellishments to Voltaire, there is no end." — Dibdiyi's Library Co^npanion, p. 770. " In less than six years (says Brunet,) under the article Vol- taire, there have been seven editions (up to 1820) of one of the most voluminous writers in the French language, and this even, when more than 30,000 copies were already in the hands of the public. The great name of Voltaire presents the only solution to what may truly be called a literary wonder." Peignot gives the following list of editions of Voltaire, with the number printed, since 1748: — (Euvres de Voltaire, Dresde, 1748-54, 10 vols. 8vo. — Gendve, 1756, et suiv. at first 17 vols. 8vo. the number of which was at length carried to 40 vols. — Geneve, 1768, et suiv. 45 vols. 4to. Number printed, 4,500. — Geneve, 1775, 4 vols. 8vo. Number printed, 6000. — Kehl, (Beaumarchais edition,) 1784 et suiv. 70 vols. 8vo. Number printed, 28,000. — Kehl, 1785, 92 vols. 12mo. Number printed, 15,000. — Basle and Gotha, 1784 et suiv. 71 vols. 8vo. Number printed, 6000. Lyon, La Mollidre, 1791, 100 vols. ]2mo, Basle and Deux Ponts, 1792, 100 vols. 12mo. Paris, (Palissot's edition,) 1792, bb vols. 8vo. Number printed, 500. (Euvres cJwisies. Paris, Servi^re, 1798, 40 vols. 8vo. — Paris (stereotype) 1800 et suiv. 54 vols. 18mo. and 12mo, Number printed, 2,500. — Paris, Nicole, 1810, 21 vols. 8vo. and 12mo. The editions complete, with Notes, Additions, Corrections, &c. since 1817, arc as follow: — 471 COxMl'LETE WORKS. ilJuvres Compretes, {M. Auger, editor.) Paris, Desoer, 1817,13 vols. 8vo. (includinn^ vol. of index) a compact edition In the prospectus of this edition is given the following calcu-* lation ; " The work will be in 12 vols, each volume will contain about 1000 pages, each page 50 lines, and each line about 55 letters ; so that Voltaire, in the production of his works, must have traced about 33,000,000 characters. The Bible only con- tains 3,566,480, and the Koran, 323,015. — Paris (iVI. Renouard, Editor) 1819 et suiv. CO vols. 8vo. This edition, by Renouard, is the one alluded to in Mr. Dib- din's remarks, above quoted, and it is certainly the best, hand- somest, and most soignee edition of the works of Voltaire that has yet appeared. An edition, beautifully printed, has lately appeared, in one vol. 8vo. and may be regarded a great typographical curiosity. M Linguet (in his Critical Analysis and Review of Voltaire's Works) opens bis Critique on the prose works of Voltaire with this general encomium ; — " This is the field in which Voltaire might be truly said to triumph ; at least, the applause he gains or forces from his readers, when addressing them in a language, divested of the pomp, the pretensions, we may even say the embarrassments of poetry, is then much less liable to exception. A purity of elocution, a justness of epithet, a profusion of ideas, perspicuity and energy of expression, neatness of style, and harmony of period, gaiety, dignity, all arc here found, united to an ease, a facility, and an art of familiarizing every subject, in a maimer before him unparalleled. Voltaire at the age of 24(1718) produced his tragedy of (EJipc, which bad great success. Art^mirc and Marianne, two tragedies followed, and failed. In 1723 he published the first edition of the Henriade, which had for its title Poemc de hi Ligue. His reputation went on increasing. He was the first French writer who gave eclat ia his own country, to the COMPLETE WORKS. 475 Literature of England. His work called FAemens dc In Phi- losophie de JKewtoyi, mis a la portee de lord le monde, excited against him a number of partisans of Descartes, amongst whom was the celebrated d'Aguesseau. Desfontaines, in a review of this work, altered the title to?«/* d laporte detout le monde ! because it was well known that Voltaire made presents of his book to a number of individuals. In 1630 Brutus was performed, and in 1732, Zaire, and in the same year, Lc Temple du Gout was published. Mzire was performed in 173G and Mahomet in 1741. The latter was denounced, as anti-religious, and it was consequently withdrawn. Merope was produced in 1743, and had, as it merited, the greatest success. It was after the representation of this piece, that the author first was called for by the audience, a custom which has since been greatly abused. La Princesse de Navarre, written by order of the Court, is one of his worst productions. Le Temple de la Gloire is also an inferior work. Le Siicle de Louis XIV. is an inge- nious sketch, but not matter of history. There are articles of great beauty, but the whole work is considered more brilliant than solid. His Sihcle de Louis XV. is very inferior to the former, and in fact is rather insipid. SUPPLEMENT. Page 121; DuLA'tRE (M.) Histoire physique, civile, et morale de Paris, depiiis les premiers temps historiques, jusqu'a nos jours. Paris, 1822, 10 vols. 8vo. This is one of the most interesting works on the subject of Paris and its history. — Environs de Paris, 7 vols. Svo. with plates. Page 129. GuizoT (M.) Cours d'Histoire moderne. Paris, 1828-9, 3 vols. 8vo. M. Guizot deservedly ranks among the best French historians of the present day. The present " Cours" abounds with elo- quence, and profound philosophy. Page 144. MiCHAUD. Histoire des Croisades. A new Edition of this work, corrected and enlarged, was begun in 1827, and 4 volumes are now published. MiLLOT (M.) SUPPLEMENT. 477 Page 145. Ses CEuvres completes, contenant Elemens d'Histoire ancieiine, Histoire moderne, His- toire de France et d'Aiigleterre. Paris, 1800, 15 vols. 8vo. - — Continuees par MM. Millon, Delisle de Sales, etc. Paris, 1819, 12 vols. 8vo. Page 147- MoNTGAiLLARD (Abbe dc). Histoire de France, depuis la fin du regne de Louis XVI. jusqu'a I'annee 1825, precedee d'un discours preliminaire, et d'une Intro- duction historique sur la Monarchie fran- raise, et les causes qui ont amene la Revo- lution ; ouvrage faisant suite a toutes les liistoires de France, publiees jusqu'a ce jour. Paris, 1827-8, 9 vols. 8vo. and 15 vols. 18mo. If independence of character (says the Globe, No. 91) be the principal qnality of an historian, the Abb6 Montgaillard shonld be placed at the head of all who have written the History of the French Revolution. Page 173. Thierry (M.) Histoire de la Con que te de I'Angleterre, par les Normands ; dc ses Causes et de ses Suites, 478 SUPPLEMENT. jusqu'a nos jours, en Aiiglelcrrc. Secoiide edi- tion. Paris, 1S26, 4 vols. 8vo. with 4to atlas. The Globe (No. 104) says " This History not only einLraces the History of the Conquest of England, but it also contains a general account of the Middle Ages ; and the various races n-hich are now confounded under the Dynasty of France." The same journal devotes several papers to the examination of this work, and allow its claims to a high station among the French works on History. Page 173. Thiers, (M.) Histoire de la 11(' volution francaise. Seconde edition. Paris, 1828-9, 10 vols. 8vo. A French critic characterises this work as strictly impartial, and as evincing the most sincere regard to truth. Page 185. Biographic universelle, etc. This valuable work is now completed. All the English Re- Tiews have spoken of it in the highest terms, and consider it the most valuable and interesting work of its kind. 'o Page 204. Barante (M. de). Tableau de la Litterature francaise, an 18eme siecle, Paris, 1824, 8vo. This is the best written account of the state of French Lit- erature during the 18th. Century ; and is neither too elaborate nor too much compressed. Long (Le). SUPPLEMENT. 479 Page 223. Bibliotlieque liistoriqiie fie la France, conle- nant le catalogue des ouvrages imprimes, et manuscrits qui traiteut de I'liistoire de ce Royaume. Nouvelle edition, augmentee par De Fontette. Paris, 1768-78, 5 vols. fol. This is a work " of which (says the Retrospective Review, Aujr- 1828) it is impossible to speak too highly, since it is al- most as useful to the student in English as in French history." Page 239. To the History of Greek I^iterature by M. Schoel, should be added the Histoire de la Litterature Latine, by the same author. Page 310. MusEE Fran^ais, etc. Musee francais, Recueil complet des Tableaux, Statues, et Bas-reliefs, qui composent la col- lection nationale ; avec I'explication des sujets, et des discours historiques sur la peinture, la sculpture, et la gravure, par E. Q. Visconti et J. B. Emeric-David, public par Robillard, Peronville et Laurent. Paris, 4 vols. fol. Musee royal, publie par Henri Laurent, Re- cueil de Gravures, d'apres les plus beaux Tableaux, Statues, et Bas-reliefs de la col- 480 SITPPLEMENT. lection royale et description des sujets, no- tices litteraires, et discours siir les arts. Pa- ris, 1816, 2 vols. fol. To these splendid works the Amateur might add the Galerie de Florence — de Vieniie — de Munich — dc Berlin — and des ancicns Maitres allemands, de Boisseree. Page 324. Cousin (M. Victor). Coiirs de I'Histoire de la Philosophie. Paris, 1828-29, 2 vols. Svo. The name of the author of this Course of Philosophy is a sufficient guarantee of its worth. It is highly popular on the Continent. M. Cousin is also author of two vols, of Fragmens philosophiqnea, and Editor of the complete works of Plato and Descartcsj the former of which is now in course of publicatiou. INDEX OF AUTHORS. INDEX OF AUTHORS. Abbadik Jean. Trnite do la Yeiite, &c. 5, Agier, Le President. Les Psaumes, Propheties, 5, Esaio, C, Jeremie, Ezekiel, Daniel, Petits Prophetes, 6. Aguesseau, Chancelier d'. ffiuvres, 57. Alletz. Dictionnaire des Conciles, 6. Ampere, M. Recucil d'Observations, &c. Expose, &c. 317- AxciLLON, M. F. Tableaux des Revolutions, &c. 95. AxDRiEux, M. Contes, &c. 203. Le Tresor, 251. AxQUETiL, L. P. Esprit -de la Ligue, 95. Histoire de Franci*. Louis XIV. sa cour, etc: IMotifs des Guorres et des Traites, &c. Precis de I'Histoire universellc, 9G. Arlixcotjrt, M. d'. Le Renegat. Ismalie, 25L AuDiN, J. M. V. Histoire de la Sainte Bartlielemyj 97- AuLXOY, Qladanie d'. Histoire d'Hypolite, 252. AzAis, H. Cours de Philosophie, &c. 319. Bail, Le Chevalier C. J. Histoire politique, &c. 97. Bailly, J. S. Histoire de TAstronomie, &c. 319-20. M^rnoires de la Revolution, 97. Discours et Memoires, 204. Bailly, M. le. Fables, 252. Baour-Lormiax, M. Veillees poetiques. Omasis en Egypte, 252. Baraxte, Le Baron de. Histoire des Dues de Bourgogne, 98. Barbaroux M. Resunae de FHistoire des Etats Unis, 155. Barbier, a. a. Nouvelle Bibliotheque, 204. Dictionnaire des anonymes, 204. Exaraen critique, &c. 205. Bariiiere J. T. Memoires inedits, etc. 09. 481 INDEX OF AUTHORS. Bakruel, Abbe. Histoire da Clcrgu de Franco, 7- Memoires pour scrvir a I'Histoirc du Jacobinisme, 100. Baktuele.my, L'Abb6 J. J. Voyage du Jcune Anacbarsis, 397. (Eiivres completes, 427. Bayle, Pierre, Critique generale de THistoirc du Calvinistne, 7. Dictioiinaire bistorique et critique, 183. Beauciiamps, Alphonse de. Histoire do la guerre de La Ven- dee, 100. Beaumarchais, p. a. C. de. G'^uvres completes, 428. Beausobre, Isaac de. Histoire de Manichee et du Manicbe- isme, 8. -i Beauvais, Marie de. Sermons, 8. Beclard. Nouveau Dictionnaire de Medicine, &c. 350. Bextiiam, Jeremie. Traite de Legislation, 57. Theorie des Pcines, &c. 57. Tactique des Asscmblecs Legislatives, 57. Traite des Preuves jiidiciaires, ;!8. Beraxoer, P. J. de. Cbansous uonvcUos, 253. Bergiet!, Abbe Nic. Syl. Dictionnaire de Tbeologie, 8. Apo- logie d(j la Religion Cbretienne, 0. Traite bistorique et dog- matique, 9. Bernard, M. Resume de la Bretagne, 150. Bernard, P. J. L'Art d'Aimer, 253. Bernier, Francois. Voyages, &c. 397. Berriat, S. p. J. Histoire du Droit romain, 58. Cours do Procedure civile, 58. Berthiet!, Le General. Relations des canipagncs de Buona- parte, 101. Bertiiollet, Chude Louis. Essai, &c. 350. Elenicns do rArt,&c. 351. Recliercbes; etc. 351. Bertrand de Mor.BviLLE, F. A. Histoiro d'Angletcrre, 101, Bervili.e. Collections des Monioires, etc. lOL BiRf.E, LaSainto, 9, 14. BiniAT Xavicr. Rccbcrcbcs, &c. 3.50. INDEX OF AUTHORS. 485 BioT, J. B. Traite el6inentaire d' Astronomic, 3'20. Bi-A.vQui M. A. Resume du Commerce, 155. Voyage d'uu joune Francais, 398. Precis elementaire, 59. BoDfx Felix. Resumfe de la France 155. — D'Angleterre, 154. Boileau-Despreaux, Nicolas. CEuvres poetiques, 428. — Di verses, 429. BoissEAu, F. G. Pyr6to]ogie, 352. Boissy-d'anulas, M. le Comte. Essai sur la vie, 187. BorsTE, P. C. V. Dictionnaire, 398. BoNCHAMPS, Le Marquis de. Menioires sur la Vendue, 102. Bonnet, .J. E. Essai sur I'art de rendre Ics Revolutions utiles. 103. BONPLAND, see HrsIBOLDT. BoRGNis, J. A. Traite complet, 321. BoysuET, Jacques B, Sermons et Oraisons funebres, 14. Bis-:) corns sur I'Histoire universelle, 103. (Euvreg completes, 430. • — choisies, 432. Boucher de la Riciiarderie, Gilles. Bibliotheque etc. 399. Bouillon, P. Mxiseedes Antiques^ 301. Bouquet, Dom M. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules, 104. Bourdaloue, Le Pere. Sermons, 16. BouTiGXY, Le Vayer de. Tarsis et Zelie, 254. Brantojie P. Lcs (Euvres de, lOG. Brongxiart, M. a. Ilistoire naturelle, 352. See Cuvier, 356, Brown. La Religion du IMedeciu, 17- Brumoy, Le Pere. Theatre des Grecs, 254. Brunet, J. C. Manuel du Libraire, 205. BucuoN, J. A. Collection des Chroniques iiationales, l08. Buonaparte, N. Recueil des Pieces, 102. Collection de Let- tres, 109. Correspondance, 108. BuFFON, G. L. le Cierc de. Histoire naturelle, 4.32. BuRiGNY M. de. Vie d'Erasme, 188. BuzoT; F. N. L. M^moires sur la Revolution francaise, llO, 48e L\DEX OF AUTHORS. c. Cambaceues, Abbe. Scimons, 18. Cabanis, p. G. Rapports dii Physiqtio. Lcttre posthunie, 322. Cailliard, M. Voyage fi ]\Tero6, 399. Cai.biet, Dom A. Dictionnaire bistoriquc ct critique de la Bible. Dissertations, 17- Cajipan, Madame. Journal anecdotiqne, IJO. M6moire3 dc JMarie Antoinette, 110. Cajius, A. G. Lettres, etc. 59. Memoires, 401. Carpentieu, L. J, M. Le Gradusfrancais, 206, See Noel, 340. Cakloix, V. Memoires de la vie de Francois de Scepeaux, 111. Carrel, M. Resume des Grecs modernes, 153, — d'Ecosse, 155. Castellax, a. L. Lettres, 401. Castelxau, Le Marquis de. Essai sur I'histoire, etc. 112. Cat. see Le Cat. Catteau-Calleville, J. P. G. Hist, des Rev. de Norvege, 112 Cellerier, J. E. Elemens de la Grammaire hebra'ique, 206. Chais, Cbarles. Sermons, 19. Chambolle, M. Resume des Genes, 155. Chamfort, S. R. N. (Euvres, 436-7. Chapelaix, Le Pere. Sermons, IS. Chaptal, M. le Comte. De I'Lidustrie francaise, 322. La Chimie appliquee aux Arts, 352. — a I'Agriculturc, 353. L'Art de faire le Vin, 353. CiiARRON, Pierre. De la Sagessc, 323. Chasle, Ch. Resume de la Suisse, 157- Chateaubriand, Le Vicomtc. ffiuvres, 438. Genie, etc. 18. Ciiateauneuf, A. II. Favorites des Rois de France, 113. CiiATELAiN, Henri. Sermons, 19. CiiAUDON, L'abbe. Dictionnaire historique, 188. CiiAUFFEPiE, J. G. de. Nouveau dictionnaire, 189. Chenieb, Andre. G^uvrcs, 255. Poesies, Theatre, 25G. INDEX OF AUTHORS. 487 CuENiEn, M. J. de. Tableau historiquo, 207- Choiseul-Gouffier, M. le Comte. Voyage pittore3que,401. Chomel, see Beclard. Christian M. Traite de Mecanlque, 323. CiviALE, le Docteur, De la Lithotritie, 353. Clair et Clapier. Baneau francais, 60. Claude, Jean. Sermons, 20. Clavier, Etienne. Histoire des premiers temps, etc. 114". Clemence, I'Abbe J. G. Caracteres du Messie, 20. Clement, I'Abbe. Sermons, 20. L'art de vreifier les dates, 114. Cloquet, Jules. Anatomie de Tbonime, 354- Hippolyte. Faune des mcdecins, 354. Colin d'Harleville, M, Les mceurs du jour, 256. Colonia, Le pere. Religion chretienne, 21. Comixes, I'hilippe de. Memoires, 115. Comte, Charles. Trait6 de Legislation, 60. Condillac, E. B. Trait6 des systemes, 323. (Euvres, 43S. CoNDORCET, Marquis de. Vie de Voltaire, 189. Esquisse, 324. Constant, B.; Cours de politique ; De la responsabilit6 des ministres ; Corps complet des codes francais, 61. CoQUEREL, C. Tableaux, etc. 21 ; Resuni6 de la Suede, 157- CoRNEiLLE, Pierre. Chefs d'ceavres,439-40. ■ Thomas, 257. CoTTU, M. Administration de la justice en Angleterre, G% Cottin, Marie J. R. (Euvres, 441-2, CouRTiN. Encyclopedic moderne, 208. Cbebillon, M. Theatre, 257- Crevier, llCt. Groix, M. de la. Dictionnaire historique, etc. 22. Crouzas, J. P. de. La logique, 324. CuviER, M. le Baron. Recherches, etc. 354 ; Des Dent*, ete. 355 ; Lecons d' Anatomie, 355 ; Essai, etc. 356. 488 INDEX OF AUTHORS. D. D'Alemisert, J. Leiojid. ffiuvrcs, 442. Datvgeau, M le marquis de. Abreg6 dcs M6moires, J 10. D.WGERviLLE, Mouffle, Vie priv6e de Louis XV. 100. Daniel, Le Pere Histoire de Fiance, 117- D'Anville J. B. B. Atlas gen6ral ; Geogi'ai)liie aucicniiCj 402. Daejiaing, M. Resume dcs guerres de la Vendee, 156. Dauxox p. C. E Essais snv les garantics, 324. Daru, Pierre. Hist, de Bretagne, 118 ; — Repub. de Venise, 118. D'AuviGXY, Castres. Vies dcs liommes illustres, 190. De Brosse M. Histoire des navigations, 402. Debure G. F. Bibliographic instructive, 208. De Cruzy, sec Isambert. Degerando, M. Visitcur du pauvrc, 209 , Education dcs sourds-niucts, 200. Du pcrfcclionnemcut moral, 32o. His- toire comparee, etc. 325. Delavicne, M. Trois Mcssenienucs, 258 ; Sept Mcssenienncs ; Le Paria, 259 ; Ecole des vieillards, 200 ; Comediens, 200. De LILLE, Jacques. L'liommc des champs, 25/ ; La Pitie, 258 ; (Euvrcs, 443. Dblrieu, E. J. B. Artaxerce, 260. Dekis, M. F. Resume du Bresilct de la Guyana, 154. Denox, Vivant. Voyage dans I'Egypte, 403. Depertiie, J. B. Hist, de I'art dupaysage, ; Theorie,etc. 301. Deppixg, M . La Suisse, 404. Descartes, Rene. Ses ffiuvres, 328. Discouis, etc. 327- Desiioulieres, Madame. Ses (Euvres, 201. Desorbieaux, Paulin. L'art du Touriiour, 330. De Tiiou J. A. Histoire universelle, 119. Dessess.\rts N. M. Sieclcs litteraires, 209 ; Dictionnairc, 210. Destutt de Tracy, 03. D'IIasson N. Tableau generalc, 404. INDEX OF AUTHORS. 489 Diderot D. Encyclopedie, 210 ; La ReiigieusC} 261 ; So? CEuvres, 444 ; see Grimm. DoLOMiEU, 31. D. La Philosophie inineruloglque, Z^jG. DoMAT, Jean. Les Lois civiles, 63. DoMixGO, M. Santo. Resume de Naples et Sicile, 156. DoRAT, M, Ses Q^uvres, 445. Droz, Joseph. ApplicutioKS, 64 ; Etudes, 302 ; Ses (Euvres, 445. DuBRUNFAUT, M. Trait6 complet, 328. Ducis, J. F. Ses (Eavre^, 446. DccLos, C D. Considerations, 330 ; Confessions, 261. Du Deffaxd, Madame Correspondence inedite, 211. DcFAU, P. A. Ilistoire g6n6rale de France, 120, DuFAUD. Collections des Constitutions, 64. i DuFRENoy Madame. Ses (Euvres poetiques, 263. Du Halde, M Description geographique, 405. Du Hamel. Histoire et Memoires, 212. DuLAURE, J. A. Esquisses historiques, 120. Dumas, M. le Comte. Precis des Evenemens militair<»s, 121-2, C. L Principes de physiologic, 357. DuMERSAN, M. Notice des Monumens, 302. DuMESNiL, A. Histoire de Philippe II. roi d'Espagne, 122. DuPiN, Avocat. Liberies, etc. 22 ; Lois sur la competence, etc. Observations, 65 ; Lois crirainelles ; Precis du droit romain ; Manuel, etc. ; Notices, etc. 66 ; Precis du droit francais, 67. Charles. Applications de Geometrie, etc. 329 ; Memoiros 330 ; Voyages, etc. 405 ; Le petit prodncteur francais, 65. Louis E. Nouvelle Bibliotheque, etc. 22. DuPLESsis-MoRNAY, P. S. Memoircs, etc. 122. Dupuis M. Resum6 d'Auvergne, 156. DuRFE, H. L'Astree, 262. DuTENs, M. Memoires, 328. Duval, A. Le Tyran, 2C3. Ses CEuvres, 446. DUVERGIER, 64. 490 INDEX OF AUTHORS. DuviviBR, C. p. G. Gramniaire des Giammaiios, iii. Dl voisiN J. B. Demonstration evangelique, '23. E. K-JEL, Dr. Voyage pittoresque, ; Manuel du voyageur, IGiL Elisee, Le perc. Sermons, 23. Epinay Madame d'. Memoires et corrcspondancc, 213. Etieiine, M. fils. Resuin6 de Lorraine, 15G. Eyraud, M. de. De radministration de la Justice, etc. 67. F. Fain, Lc Baron, ^Manuscrit, etc. 123. Favilr, 123. 1'enelon, F. S. L. dc. Directions, etc. 24 ; Explication, etc. 24; L'existencc dc Dieu, etc. 26 ; De I'Education, etc. 213; Lcttrcs,213 ; Dialogues, 214 ; Telen.aque,2C3 ; ffiuvre3,446. Fj.f.ciiiek, Esprit. Oraisous funebres, 23. Flkuuy, Claude. Traito des Etudes, 214; Ilistoire, etc. 26; Calechisnie ; IMoeurs des Israelites ; — des Chretiens, 28, Flouian, J. P. de. Ses CEuvres, 44/. FoDEKE, F. E. Voyage aux Alpes, 408. Fontaine, Jean dela. Ses (Euvres, 265. I'oNTAixiER M. La Heiiriade, avcc notes, etc. 269. FoNTEXELLE, Bernard L. }}. de. Scs CEuvres, 448. 31. Julia, Manuel de Chimie, etc. 357- see Du Hamel. Force, 3111c. dela. Marguerite de Valois, 270 I'oucHE, Due d'Otrante. Memoires, 123. J'"'ourcroy, a. F. Systemes, etc. 358. I'oy, Le Gen6ral. Histoire de la guerre, etc. 123. I'ftAxccUR, L. B. Uranographic, 330. INDEX OF AUTHORS. 491 Frayssi.vous, Denis. DC'fense du Christiaiilsme, 28 ; Vrals principes de I'Eglise gallicane, 29. Froissart^ Jean. Chronique de France, etc. 124. G. Gall, F. G. Anatomie, etc. 358. Gallaxd, M. Les ?(). Hamel, see Du Hamel. Hauterive. Elemens d'oconomie politique, 70. Hauy, R. J. Traite elementaiie, 3i>9 ; — de Mineraloj^ic, 3.09. Heaume, 31. du. Voyage d'un jeunc Grec, 219. Helvetius, M. DeTespiit, 331. Do I'homnie, 331. Helyot, Le pere. Histoire des ordresmonastiqucs, 31. Henault, President. Nouvcl Abrege cbronologiquo, etc. 131. Hennequix M. Esprit de FEncyclopedic, 219. Herbelot, M. Bibliotlieqiie orientalc, 409. Hilaire, see St. Hilaire. IToMOND, see L'Homond. Hospital, see THospital. Hugo, V. Cromwell, 271 ; QLuvrc'Sy450. Humboldt, A de. Essai politique, 70 ; des Montagues, 359. des Regions equatoriales, 8G0: Voyage, 410. I. TsAMBERT. Recucil general; Recucil cojuplet, etc. 71- Jaubert, Amedee. Voyage en Armenie, 411. Jay, see Jouy. JoMixi, Baron de. Histoire critique, 131 ; Traite, etc. 132. .Tonnes, A. Moreau de. Commerce au 19ieme siecle, 71- .Iouanneau. Discussion du code civil, etc 72. INDEX OF AUTHORS. 493 JouRbAix, see Isambert,/!- JouY, Eticnno. La morale appliquee ix la politique, 72 ; Er- mites en prison ; — de la Chaussee d'Antin ; — de la Guiane ; — en Ecosse : — do Londrcs ; — en Italic ; — en Province : —en lihorte ; GiiiHaumc, etc. 220-1. Sylla, 272. JuLLJEx, 31. L'art d'employer le temps, 331. K. Koch, Ch. G. iVIemoires, 133. Tableau des revolutions, 134. Abrege dc I'histoire, 134. L. La Borde, Alex. de. Voyage pittoresque, 411. LaBruyere. Les caracteres, 221. Lacepede, M. le comte de. Histoire generale, 134. Vue gene- rale, etc. 3G1 ; Histoire naturelle, etc. 361. Des poissons, 302. Lacretelle, Ch. Hist, dc France, 13.0 ; — dd'Asseaiblee coi:* stituante, 135. Lacroix, S. F. Traite dii calcul, 331 ; Series, 332. M. de. Constitutions des principaux Etats, etc. 73. Ladvocat J. B. Dictionnaire liistorique, 191. La Fayette, Madame dc. LaPrincesse de Qevcs. Zayd'^. 272. Lafiteau, Pere J. F. Moeurs des Sauvages, 411. Lagarde, Denis. Resume de Tlsle de France, 156. Lagrange, h. J. Theorie, etc. 332 ; Legons, etc. 333. La Harpe, J. F. de. Lycee, 221 GLuvrcs choisles, 451. Lamartine, A. Sledi tat ions poetiques. Helleniennes. La mort de Socrate, 273. Le dernier chant de Childc Harold, 274. La 3Iennais, I'Abbe de. Essaisurl'indiiTercncc, etc. 32. Ro- 494 INDEX OF ALTHOIIS. flexions sur I'etat dc I'Eglisc, 32. Lami, M. Resume du Danemarck, 155. — de la Picardie, Io7. Lamotte, a. H. de. ffiuvres choisies, 451. Landox, C. Annales du Musee, etc. 305. Galerie historiqnc, 305. Vie etc. des peintros, 306. Description de Paris, 307- Langles, L. M. Collection de voyages, 412. Laxjuinais, Le C'onite. Constitutions de la nation fran^aise, 73. Laplace, M. Th6orie, etc. 333. Essai, 334. Exposition du Systeme du Monde, 334. Laromiguiere, ]M. S. Lemons de philosophie, 335. La Rue, Le pere de. Sermons ; Panegyriques, 33. Lasteyrie, M. de. Collection de Machines, 335. Latreille, M. I\I6moires, 362. Lattrent, M. Resume do la PLilosopliie, 157- JiE Beau, Charles. Histoire du Bas Empire, 136; Le Boyer, J. Traite complet, etc. 336. IjEbrun-des-Char3iettes. Histoire de Jeanne d'Arc, 136 ; Ode, 275. Lkbrun, J. B. P. Caleric des pcintres, 307. P. D, E. (Euvrcs, 275. Le Cat, Charles N. Traite des sensations, 337. Le Clerc, Jean. Vie de Richelieu, 191, Leclercq T. Proverbcs, 276. Legendre, a. M. Eleraens de Geometrie, 337. Legouve, G. Lg merite des Femmes ; Eteocle et Polynice, 276. Legrand, see Landon. IVIloMOND, L'Abbe. Histoire abregee de I'Eglise, 33. L' Hospital, M. (Euvres, 453. Lemercier, N. L. Cours analytiquc, 223. Lemontey, p. E. Essai sur rEtahlissemcnt mouarchiquc dc Louis XIV. 71. L'Enf9.nt, le Pere. Sermons, 33. INDEX OF AUTFIORS. 403 Lexglet du Fresnoy M^thodc pour etudier I'histoirc, 137. Le Quien de la Neufville, J. L'histoirc des Dauphins df Vieniiois, 138. Le Roy, s^e Roy. Lesage, R. Atlas historique, 412. M. Gil Bias. CEuvres choisies, 452. L'EsPiNAssE, Mile. de. Lettres, 223. Le Vaillaxt, Francois. Voyage dans rAfrique, etc — Second voyage, 412. Levesque, p. C Histoire critique, 139. Lezardiere, ^Ille. de. Theorie des Lois politiques, etc. 74. Llorexte, J. A. Histoire critique de I'Inquisition, 34; Por- traits politiques des Papes, 35 ; Projet d'une Constitution rc- ligieuse, 75 ; Observations sur le roman de Gil Bias, 277. LocRE, M. le Baron. La Legislation civile, etc. 75. LoMExiE, see Barriere. LoxGUEVAL,le Pere J. Histoire de I'E^lise gallicanc, etc. 35. Louis XIV. Pens6es de Louis XIV. etc. 75. Lorris, G. de. Le Romant de la Rose, 278- Mably, G. de. Observations sur I'histoire dela Grece ; sur 1"^ Remains ; Sur I'histoire de la France, 140. (Euvres,454. Maillot, Recberches, etc. 308. Maintenon, Madame de. Lettres et M6moires, 455. Malherbe, Fr. de. (Euvres, etc. 455. Mallebranche, N. Recberches, 338 ; Entretiens, etc. 337. Mallet, P. H. Histoire de la Ligue banseatiquc, 141. Malte-Brun, M. Precis, etc. 413. Manpollier, M. Histoire de I'inquisition, 141. Marivaux, p. C. de. Le paysan parvenu, 278. Mabcel> L. Elemens de Jurisprudence, 70' 4'.}ii INDEX OF AUTHORS - Marmoxtel J. F. Rtigence du Due d'Orleans, 141 ; Meinoircs, 192 ; Elcmens de littorature, 224 ; (P^uvres, 456. jMarot, E. (Euvies, 457- Martin, see Maillot. Massias, M. le Baron. Rapports, etc. 338 ; Principes, 339 ; Problemc, etc. 339 ; Theorie du beau, 339 ; Napoleon juge parlui-meme 142; Memoires, 142. Massillon', J. B. (Euvres, 36. Massieu, I'Abbe. Histoiie de la Poesie, 225. Matter, Jacques. Histoire critique du Gnosticismc, 3/. Marchanr, Prosper. Dictionnaire historique, 192; Histoire do I'origine, etc. 224. Maurice, See St. Maurice. IMaury, Le Cardinal. Essai sur Teloquence, 225. Mexgin Felix. Histoire de TEgypte, 142. Mennais, see La Mexnais. Merault, M. Resum6 des Etablissemens des Europecns, 155 ; Resume des Indes orientales, 15G. Merlin, M. Repertoire universel, etc. 76. IMezeray, F. E. Histoire do France, 143. MichauDjM. Histoire des croisades, 144, Migxet, F. a. Histoire de la Revolution frangaise, 145. MiLLtN A. L. Voyage en Savoie, 414. IMiLLixG, M. Voyage de Constantinople, 413. I^TiLLOT, I'Abbe. Elemens do THistoire de France. 145. JMtoxNET, Tb. E. Description des Medailles, 309. Mirabeau, G. H, R. De la Monarcbie Prussiennc, 146 ; ffiuvrcs, 457. MiREcouRT, G. de. Tableau el6inentaire, etc: 363. Misson, M. Voyage d'ltalie; 414. IVIoLiERE, J. B. P. de. ffiuvrcs, 459. Moxglave, M. Resume du Mexique, 1 56. Montaigne, M. de. Essais, 227- INDEX OF AUTHORS. 497 MONGEZ, seeVisfoNTi, 311. MoNTARGON, Ic Perc. Dictidnnaire apostoliquc, 38, MONTGAILLARD, SeC SUPPLEMENT. MoNTBOL. Resume de la Cliampapfne, etc. 154. MoNTCRiF, F. A. P. de. (Eiivres ; Choix de Chansons, 279. MoNTEMoxT, Albert. Voyages aux Alpcs, etc. 415. ., BIoNTESQUiEU. Considerations sur les causes de la grandeur e.i do la decadence des Rouiains, 146 ; (Euvres, 458. MoxTLOSiER, M. le Comte de. De la Monarchie francaise, 7^ MoxTOLiEU, Madame de. Caroline de Liclitfield, 279. MoxTPEXsiER, Mile. de. Ses Memoires, 193. MoRERi, Louis. Le grand Dictionnaire, 193. MoTTEViLLE, Madame de. Memoires, 194. MouNiER, L J. De Tiufluence, etc. 147- N. Napoleon, see Buoxapaute. Necker, M. Dernierefe Vues de Politique et de Finance, 77- Necker de Saussure, a. L. Voyage enEcosse, 415. Neuville, le Pere'. Sermons, 38. NicEBox, Le pere. M6moires, 194: Nicole, Pierre. Essais de Morale etautres ouvrages, 39. NiSAS, Carrion de. Resume de la epublique de V6nise, 15^. Noe, M. de. (Euvres, 39. Noel, F. Dictionnaire de la Fable, 231 ; Dictionnaire des Ori- gines, etc. 340. Nougarede, Audr6. Histoire de la Revolution, 147- o. Ollivier, C. p. Trait6 de la Moelle, etc. 363. Orfila, M. Traite des Poisons, etc. 364. Orleans, L. A. P. d'. Memoires, 148. Orloff, G. Essai sur la Musique en Italic, 310. 2K 49S INDEX OF AUTHORS. P. pAiLLiBT, J, B. J. Manuel de Droit fian^ais, 7^- Paixhans, H. Nouvelle Force maritime, etc. Experiences, etc. 340. Palaye, see St. Palaye. Pansey, M. Henrion de. De la Competence des Juges de Paix. De l'Autorit6 jiuliciaire dans les Gouvernemens monarchiques. DerAutoritejudiciaireen France, 79- Parxy, E. (Euvres choisies, 280. * Pascal, Blaise. Les Provinciales, ou Lcttres, etc. 40 ; Lcs Pcnseee, 42. Pastoret, M. le Marquis de. Ordonnances des Rois dc France &c. 79 ; Histoire dc la legislation, 82. Patiiay, M. V. D. Histoire dc la vie dc J. J. Rousseau, 194; Peigxot, G. Dictionnaire de Bibliologie, 232 ; Manuel &c. 232. Perigord, a. B. dc. Nouvel Aluianach des Gourmands, 233. Peron, G. Voyage de Decouvertes &c. 417.' Perouse. Voyage autour du Monde, 41G. Perrault, Charles. Les hommcs illustrcs, 195. Phelipeaux, L'Abbe. Relation du Quietisme, 43. PicARD, L. B. L'llonnete Homme; Avcnturcs d'Eugene, &c. L'Exalt6 ; Lc Gil Bias dc la Revolution, 280 ; Sou Theatre, 281. PicoT, L'Abbe. M6moire9 pourservir il I'histoire ecclesiastique, 44; Tablottcs Chronologiqucs de I'Histoire Universelle, 149. Pierre, See St. Pierre. PiGAULT-LEBRUN. Histoirc dc France, 149. see Supplement. PiGEAu, M. La procedure civile des Tribunaux dc France, 82. PiNEL, M. Nosographie &c. 3G4. PiRON, A. (Euvres Dramatiques, 28L Pluquet, L'Abb6. Mumoires 44. Po5iPiGNAN, lc Marquis de. Tragedies ct CEuvrcs, 46 L INDEX OF AUTHORS. 499 l>ORTALis, E. J. M. De I'usage &c. de I'Esprit, 342. PoTHiER, R. J. Qiluvres posthumes, 83. Potter, M. de. L'Esprit de I'Eglise, 44. Portal, M. Cours d'Anatomie, 364. PouGENS, Ch. Archeologie, 233 ; Les quatres Ages • Lett res d'lin Chartreux ; Abel ; 283. PouLLE, L'Abbe. Sermons, 45. PouQUEviLLE, F. C. H. L. Histoire de la regeneration de la Grece, 150; Voyage en Mor6e, 417 ; Voyage dans la Grece, 418. Pradt, M. de. Du Jesuitisme, 45 ; Des Colonies, et de I'Ame- rique ; Parallele de la puissance anglaise et russe, 83 ; I'Eu- rope et rAmerique, 84; de la Revolution de I'Espagne, 150; Histoire de I'Ambassade dans le Giand Duche de Varsovie, 150; Du Congres de Vienne, 151. Prevost, Pierre. Notice de la vie dc G. L. Lk Sage, 196. Prevost, L'Abbe. Histoire de Cleveland ; Le Doyen de Kille- rine; Histoire de Manon Lescaut, Stc. Memoires d'lin Homme de Qualite, 282. Puissant, L. Traite de Topograpliie ; — de Geodesie, 342. Q. QUESXEL, Pasquier. Le nouveau Testament, en latin et en francais, avec des Reflexions, etc: 46. QuiEN, see Le Quien de la Neufville. QuiNAULT, P. Son Theatre, 284. R. Rabaut-St.-Etienne, M. Pr6cis historique, 15L Rabbe, M. Alph. Resume de Russie, 157 ; R6sume de I'Es- pagne, 155. .500 1NJ)EX OF AUTHOllS. Uabklais T^. G^uvves, 284. Raffenel, M. liesume dii Bas Empire, 154 ; — dc la Perse, 157. Raoul-Rochette, M. Lettres sur la Suisse, 418. Rapin-Thoyras, p. Histoire d'Anglcteire, 152. Raymond, F. M. Dictionnaire des Termes, etc. 235. Raynal, rAbb6. Histoire pliilosopliique, 15.3. Raynouakd, F. M. Des Troubadours; Grainmairc conipa- ree, 236. Les Templiers, 285 ; Choix des Poesies, 280. Real, see St. Real. Redoute, J. F. Les Liliac6es ; Les Roses, 365. Rf.gnard, M. Th6atre et CEuvres, 287. Rkgnault, M. Considerations, 366. Remusat, Abel. Recherches sur les Langues tartarcs, etc. 236. Ren'ouard, M. Catalogue, etc. ; Annales, etc. 237. Retz, M. le Cardinal de. Mcmoires, 158. Rev, M. Resume dc I'Egypte, 155. Reynier. De I'Economie ruralc des Perses et des Phenicieii^;, 85; Des Celtes, 85. riiBOi-TE, M. L'Assemblee de Faruille, 287 Roche, A. Resume de I'llistoire romaine &c, 157. Rochefoucauld, Le Due de la. Memoires, Itil ; Reflexions-, 343. Rociie-Jacquelin, Mad. la Marquise de la. Memoires, IH9. Rochette, See Raoul-Rochette. Rcederer, M. le Confte de. Memoires dc Louia XII. ISO. Roger, Abraham. Theatre de I'Idolatrie, &c 419. Kogmat, Lieut. Gen. Considerations, &c. 343. Rohan, Henri, Due de. Ses Campagnes, 160. RoLAN'D, Madame. (Euvres, ICl. RoLLiN, L'Abbe. Histoire des Egyptiens; Histoire romaine, 162, Nouvelle edition, Sec. 163 ; Dc ki uimiitTc d'cnseigner et d'etudicr Sic. 238. INDEX OF AUTHORS. 601 Roj^fiAUD, P. Ses CEuvrcs &c. 287.' RoQCES, Josepli. Phj'tograpliie, &c. 306. Rousseau, J. B. Ses (Euvres 289. Rousseau, J. J, (Euvres, 465. Roy, Pere Le. Satyrc Menippe, 288. Rue, See La Rue. RuLHiERK, A. Ilistoire de I'Anarchie de Polognc, 163. s. Sacy, Silvestre dc. Giammaire aral)e, 239. Saint- AuLAi RE, M. Le Comte do. Ilistoire de la Fronde, 164, St.-Croix, M. le Baron de. Recherchcs sur les Mysteres, etc, ^0. Examen critique des anciens historiens d'Alexandrerle- Grand, 165. St.-Etienxe, see Raeaut-St.-Etienm;, St.-Hilaire, M. Geoffrey. Philosoptiie anatomique, 3G8. St.-Maurice, M. de. Resume des Croisades, 155 ; Guerrcs (le Religion, 156- St.-Palaye, De la C. de. Memoircs snr la Chevalerie,, 290. St.- Pierre, B. de. Paul ct Virginia ; La Chaumiere indiennCj 292. St.-Real, Abbe dc. Conjurations des Espagnols, 165. St.-Simon, Louis, Due de. Ses Memoires, 169. St.-Vincext, M. Bory de. L'Homme ; Dictionnaire d'llis- toire naturellc, 367- Salpi, F. Resum6 de Litteraturc italiennc, 238: Salm, Madame la Princesse de. Vingt-quatre-heures d'une Femuie sensible, 290. Saurin, Jacques. Discours sur les Evencraens les plus raeniQ- rables du Vieux Testament, 46 ; Sermons, 47- Savary, M. Lettres sur I'Egyptc, 419. SaY; J. B. Catechisme d'Ecouomie politique, 85 ; Traite 502 INDEX OF AUTHORS. d'Economie politique, 86. ScARROx, Paul. Le Roman comique, 291. ScHEFFER, M. R6sume de I'Empire germanique, 155; Re- sume de Hollande, 156. ScHffiL, M. Histoire de la Litt6rature grecquc, 239: ScuDERY, Madame de. Clelie, 291. Segur, M. le General de. Histoire de Napol6on, etc. 168. M. le Comte de. Histoire mdverselle, 166 ; Vie de Louis IX. 167 ; Politique, etc. 167 ; (Euvres, 469. Senancourt, M. Resume de la Chine, 155; R6sum6 des Tra- ditions, etc. 157. Senty, M. Resume de I'histoire ancienne de la Grece, 154. Seroux-d'Agincourt, J. B. L. G. Histoire de I'Art par les Monumens, 308. Sevigne, Madame de. Les Lettres, etc. 240. Simon, Le Pere. Histoire critique, etc. ; Nouvelles Disser- tations, 48. Simon, see St. Simon. iiiMOND, L. Voyage en Italie ct en Sicile ; en Angleterre ; en Suisse, 420. SiSMONDi, Simonde de. Nouveaux Principes, etc. 86 ; His- toire des Francais, 169. Histoire des Republiques italiennes, 170 ; De la Litterature du Midi, 242 ; Julia Severa, 291. SouzA, Madame de. Mademoiselle de Tournon ; Eugene et Mathilde, 293. Staal, Madame de. M6moires, 196. Stael, Madame la Baronne de. Considerations sur la Revo- lution francaise, 171 ; De la Litt6rature, etc. 242 ; De I'Al- lemagne, 243 ; Corinne ; Delphine, 292 ; ffiuvres, 470. Staffer, P. A. Voyage pittoresque, etc. 421. Sully, Le Due de. Memoires, 172. Superville, Daniel dc. Sermons, 50. INDEX OF AUTHORS. 503 T. Tabahauo, M. de. Histoire critique de I'Assembl^e g^ne- rale du Clerge de France, 50. Tastu, Madame A. Po6sies, etc. 294. Tekrason, I'Abbe Jean. S6thos, 295. Thenard, L. J. Traite de Chimie, etc. 308. Thiebault, D. Mes Souvenirs, 172. Thierry, see Supplement. Thiers, see Supplement. Thiesse, M. Leon. Resume de la Revolution francaise, 15/ ] — de Pologne, 157. TiLLEMONT, Le Nain de. Meraoires, 51. TissoT, P. F. M6moires historiques, 1 73. Toulongeon, F. C. Manuel du Museum fran^ais, 310. Tracy, see Destutt de Tracy. Trevoux. Dictiouiiaire universel, 244. Tressan, M. de. Corps d'Extraits de Romans, 294. Tricalet, I'Abbe. Bibliotheque portative des Peres de I'Eglise, 51 ; — cboisie, etc. 52. Trognon, M. Resume de Lombardie, 156, TuRGOT, see Supplement, V, Vaillaxt, see Le Vaillant. Vatel, N. Le Droit des Gens, 87. Velly, etc. Histoire de France, 174. Velpeau, M. Trait6 d' Anatomic, etc. 369. Vertot, Ren6 A. de. Histoire des R6volutions, 174, Viennbt, J. P. G. Epitrca et Poesies, 295, ViLLARET, sec VeLLY, 504 INDEX OF AUTHORS. ViLLEMAiN, 31. Histoire de Cromwell, 175; Lascaris ; Did- cours, 245. ViLLERs, Charles. Essai sur la Reformation, 52. Vincent, see St. Vincent. ViRET, Pierre. Des Clefs de I'Eglise, 52. ViscoNTi, etc. Icoiiographie romaine, 311. VoLNEY, C. F. L'AIphabet europeeii ; Les Ruines,246. Voltaire, F, M. Arouet de. Le siecle de Louis XIV. et de Louis XV. 1/6 ; Histoire de I'Empire de Russie ; Histoire de Charles XH. 177; Essai sur I'Histoire generalc, etc. 178; (Euvre?,472. INDEX OF WORKS. INDEX OF WORKS. Abel, ou les Trois Freres. Pougens, 283. Abr6g6 de I'Histoiie des Trait6s de Paix. Koch, 134. des Memoires, ou Journal du Marquis de Dangeau, 116. Administration de la Justice et de I'ordre 16gal en France. Ey- RAUD, 67. de la Justice criminelle en Angleterre. Cottu, 62. Alphabet europeen, appliqu6 aux Langues asiatiques. Volney, 246. Allemagne, (de T.) Madame de Stael, 243. Ambassade dans le Grand Duche de Varsovie. De Pradt, 1 .30. Anarchio de Pologne, (Histoire de I'.) Rulhiere, 163. Anatomie de THomme. Cloquet, 354. ct Physiologie du Systeme uerveux en general. Gall, 358. Annales do Chimie, 349. de riniprimerie des Aides. Renouard, 237. du Musee, etc. des beaux Arts. Landon, 305. du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, 349. politiques, etc. 375. Annees litteraires, (Ics cinq,) 375. Ann6e litteraire, 375. Anonymes, (Dictionnaire des ouvrages.) Barbier, 204. Application da la Morale a la Politique. Droz, 64. Applications de Geometric, etc. a la Marine. Dupi.x, 329. J^pologie dc la Religion chreticnne. Bjergier, 9. 508 INDEX OF WORKS. Archcologie francaisc. Pouoens, 233. Archives de decouvertcs et inventions, 318. litteraires de rEnrope, 376. Alf de verifier les dates. Clement, 114. — d'cmployer Ic Temps. Jullien, 331. — de fairc ct de goiiverner le Vin, Cuaptal, 353. — d 'aimer. Bkrnard, 254. — dn Tourneiir. DE^oiurEAUx, 330. Artaxerce. Delrieu, 260. Assemblee de Famille. T?ii'.oute, 287. Astrec, (L'.) Durfe, '7JV.i. Atlas general. D'Anvitlk, J02. historiquc, etc. Lesagk, \]l. Aiitorite (de 1') jiidiciaire, dans les Gouverneniens monarchiqnes. Pa\sey, 70. en France. Paillet, 70. Aventures d'Eugene do Ser.neville. Picard, 280. dc Telemaque. Fexei.ox, 263. B. Barreau franeais. Collection des Chcfs-d'tcuvres de I'Eloquciicc judiciairc. ('j.air ct Clapier, 60. Bas-Erapire (Histoirc du). Le Beau, 136. Bcrtrand du Guesclin (Ilistoire de). Berville, 130. BIBLE. Account of the editions of the French Bible, 9-14. Bibliotheque ancienne et moderne, 377- choisie, etc. 376. choisie des Peres de I'Eglise. Guillon, 52, Germanique, 377- historique, etc. Le Long, see Supplement. instructive. Dehire, 208. (nouvelle) d'un Homme dc Gout. Barbier, 204. INDEX OF WORF;s. 609 Bibliothi>4ue Oiicntale. Herbelot, 409. portative des Peres de TEglise. Tricalet, 51. universeile des Voyages. Boucher de la Riciiai.- DERIE, 399. univcrsollc, etc. 37G- See SrppLEMCNT. Biographic universeile, 185. universeile classique. BEAuvAiSjetc. 186. universeile et portati ve des Contempoiains, 18G. — moderne, 186. noHvelle des Contemporains, 187 Bretagne, (Histoire de). Baku, 118. Bulletin universel des Sciences, etc. 377- Buonaparte, see Relation., Recucil, Collection, Ma7iuscrit, Conrs politique, JVapoUon, Correspondance . c. Campagnes dans la Valteline. Rohan, 160. Caracteres de La Bruyere, 221. du Messie. Clemence, 20. Caroline de Lichtfield. Montolieu, 279. Catalogue de la Bibliotlieque d'uu Amateur. Rexotard, 237- Catechisme d'Economic politique. Say, 85. historiquc. Fleury, 28. Chansons Beranger, 253. Charles XII. (histoire de). Voltaire, 177- Chaumiere Indicnne (L;i). St Pierre, 292. Chimie appliqu6 aux Arls. Chaptal, 352. Chiniie appliqu6 ii rAgriculture. Chaptal, 353. Chine, (Resum6 de la). Sexancourt, 155. Choix des anciens Mercures, 380. Choix de Chansons. Montcrif, 279. Choix des Po6sies des Troubadours. Raynouard, 286. Choix de Rapports &c. proTior,cts a la Tribune Nationaic depui^ 630 INDEX OF VvORKS. 1/87 jusqu'ace jour, 152. Choix do Rapports, &c. prononc6s d la Tribune Nationale depuls 17S9, jusqu'a ce jour, 84. Chronique de France &c. Froissart, 12 1. Clefs de I'Eglise. A^iret, 52. Clelie. Madame de ScuDERy, 291. Clerg6 de France, (Histoire du.) Barruel, 7. (xode Napoleon, See Corps complet et Ordonnances ties Rois de France, 61 and 81. Collections completes de M6moires relatifs a Thistoire de France. PSTITOT, 148. de Machines, etc. Lasteyrie, 335. Collection des Chroniques nationales francaises. Buchon, 108. des constitutions, chartes, et lois fondamentales des peuples de I'Europe. Dufaud, etc. 64. des Memoires relatifs a I'Histoire de la Revolution d'Angleterre. Guizot,129. relatifs a I'Histoire de France, 129. i\ la Revolution Franyaise. Ber- viLLE et Barriere, 101. portative dc Voyages. Lancles, 412. Colonies de rAmerique. De Pradt, 83. Comedians (Les). Delavigne, 260. Commerce (Le) au XlXeme. Siecle. Jonnes, 71. Competence (De la) des Juges de paix. Pansey, 79^ Conciles, (Dictionnaire des.) Alletz, 6. Confesscurs (Histoire des) des Empereurs, des Rois, etc. Gre- GOIRK, 128. Congres de Vienne (Histoire du). De Pradt, 151. Conjuration des Espagnols centre Venise. St Real, 165. Considerations sur les Moeurs de ce Siecle. DuCLos, 330. surl'Art '^ela Guerre. RoGNrAT,343. sur la Revolution. 3Iadanic de Stael, 171- INDEX OF WORKS. r>]] Ca.isidirations sur les causes de la grandeur et de la dt'cadonce des Romains. Montesquieu, 146. sur I'Etat de la M6decine. Regnault, 36G. Constitutions de la Nation Frangaise. Lanjttinais, 73 Constitution (de la) francaise de Van 1814. Gregoire, 69. . des principaux Etats de rEuropc. La Croix, 73. Contes et Opuscules. Andrieux, 203. ^ iiouveaux. Madame Guizot, 271. Contre-i Evolution en France. Ganilh, 126. Corinne. De Stael, 292. Corps d'Extraits de Romans de Chcvalerie. Tressax, 294. Correspondance inedite officielle de Napoleon avec les Cours ^^trangeres, etc. 109. inedite. Dii Defpand, 211. litteraire etc. Grimm, 216. Cours d'Anatomieetc. Portal, 384. analytiquede Litterature. Lemercier, 223. Cours de Litterature, Laharpe, 221. de Procedure civile et de Droit criminel. Berp.tat- Saint-Prix,58. de Philosophic g6nerale. AzAis, 319. de politique Constitutionnelle. Constant, 61. , 'i politique et diplomatique de Napol6on. Goldsmith, 126. Critique g6ii6r?le de rHistoire du Calvinisme de Maiirihourg. Bayle, 7. Cromwell, tragedie. Hugo, 271. (Histoire de). Villemain, 175. Cioisades (Histoire des). Michaud, 144. D. Daniel. Agier, 6. Dauphins de Viennois (Histoire des). Le Qvien, 13S. 612 • INDEX OF WOilKS. Decade philorfophique, etc. 380, Defense du Christiaaisme, ou Conferences^ etc. Frayssinous, 28. Delphine, Madame de Stael, 292. Demonstration evang61ique. Duvoisin, 2.3. Dernieres Vues de Politique et de Finance. Necker, 77- Dernier Chant de Childe Harold. A. de Lamartine, 274. Description de I'Egypte, 407- de Medailles, etc. Mionnet, 309. — de Paris, etc. Legrand et Landon,307. — g6ograpluque, etc. Du Halde, 405. geographique et bistorique de la Haute NormandiC;, 415. Dcs Dents des Mamnufercs. Cuvier, 355. Dialogues sur I'Eloquence. Fenelox, 214. Dictionnaire apostolique. Montargon, 38. bibliographiquc choisi. Dessessarts, 210. chinois, fran^ais, et latin. Guignes, 217- classique d'histoire naturelle. St. Vincent, 367- de Bibliologie. Peignot, 232. de Geographic universelle. Boiste, 308. de 1' Academic franjaise, 203, de la Fable. Noel, 231. de Theologie. Bergier, S. ; des Conciles, Alletz, 6. des Otivrages anonymes. Barbier, 204. des Proverbes francais, 235. des Termes appropries aux Arts, RaymonDj235. (grand) bistorique. Moreri, 193. — bistorique et bibliographiquc. L'advocat, 191, bistorique. see ExAME>f. bistorique. Prosper Makchaxd, 192-224. ,, L. bistorique dea Cultes rcligieux. De la Croix, 22 INDEX OF WORKS. 513 Dictionnaire historiqiie et critique de la Bible. Cauiet, 17. historique et critique. Bayle, 1S3. ClIAUDOX, 188. tcchnologique, 328. universel des synonymes. Girard, 215. universel, francais, et latin. Trevoux, 244, Directions pour la conscience d'un Roi. Fenelox, 24. Discours et Melanges litt^raires. Villemain, 245. et M6raoires. Bailly, 204. historiques, etc. Saurix, 46. de la ]Methode. Descartes, 327- sur THistoire universelle. Bossuet, 103. Doyen de Killerine (Le). Prevost, 282. Droit (Le) des Gens. Vatel, 87- Droit. See Precis, ^'C. Discussion du Code civil dans le Conseil d'Etat. Jouaxxeau et Solon, 72. Dissertations qui peuvent servir de prolegomenes de I'Ecriture sainte. Calmet, 17. E. Ecole des Vieillards. Delavigne, 200. Economic politique, *ee Catechisme, Precis, Traite,Nouveaux Principos. Econoraie piiblique et rurale des Celtes, etc. — runilc des Perses et des Pheniciens Reynier, 85. Education des Filles. Fexelox, 213. des sourds-muets. Degeraxdo, 209. Egypte (Histoire de 1'.) Mengix, 142, Eglise gallicane (Histoire de 1'). Loxgueval, 35. Elemens de I'art de la Teinture. Berthollet, 35, d'Economie politique. Hauterive, 70, L 2 51 1 INDEX OF WORKS. Elemcns de Geometric. Legendre, 337. de I'Histoire de France. Millot, 145. de Jurisprudence administrative. Marcel, 76. de Litterature. Marmontel, 224. El6vation (Sur V) des Monta^nes de I'ltide. Humboldt, 359, Empires et Republiques (Histoire des). Guyox, 130. Encj^clop6die, etc. Diderot, 210. moderne. Courtin, etc. 208. Entretiens de Melaphysique. Mallebranche, 338, Epitres et Poesies. Viennet, 296. Esaie. Agier, 6. Esprit (Del'). Helvetius, 331. de I'Eglise. Potter, 44. de I'En cyclopedic. Henm:quix, 219, des Journaux, 381. de la Ligue. Anquetil, 95. Esquisse historiqne sur les Cent Jours, 112. d'un Tableau historique des progres de I'Esprit huniain. CONDORCET, 324. historiques des principaux 6v6nemens de la Revolution frang'aise. Dulaure, 120. Essais sur les garanties, &c. Daunon, 324. de Morale. Nicole, 39. de Montaigne, 227. de Statistique chimique. Bertiiollet, 350. historique sur les libertes de I'Eglise gallicane. Gre- goire, 29. pliilosopbique. Laplace, 334. politique sur le royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne. Hum- boldt, 70. — politique sur lerevenu public. Gaxilh, 67. — sur I'histoire ancienne et moderne de la Nouvelle Russie, Castelnau, 111. INDEX OF WORKS. 515 Essai sur I'histoire g6n6rale, et sur les Jfoeurs et I'Esprit des Nations. Voltaire, 178. sur I'artde reiulie les Revolutions utiles. Boxket, 103. sur riiistoiie de laMusique en Italic. Orloff, 310. sur I'histoire de la Revolutiou franeaise, par uno societe d'Auteurs latins, 159. sur I'Eloquence. Maury, 225. sur la vie, etc. de M. de Malcsherbes. Boissy d'AxoLAS, 187. — sur I'esprit et I'influence de la Reformation. Villers, 52. — sur la G6ographie mineralogique. Cuvier, 356. — sur I'Etablissement nionarchique de Louis XIV. Le- MONTEY, 7'1- — sur Tindifference en matiere de Religion. La Mexxais, 32. Etat de la France d la fin de I'an viii. Hauterive, 131. Et6ocle et Polynice. Legouve, 276. Etudes sur le Beau dans les xlrts. DrOz, 302. Eugene et Mathilde. Souza, 293. Europe (L') et I'Amerique. De Pradt, 84. Exalt6 (L^). PicARD, 280. Examen critique des anciens historians d' Alexandre. Saixte- Croix, 165. Examen critique et Complement des Dictionnaires historiques. Barrier, 205. Existence de Dieu d6montree. Fenelox, 26. Experiences faites par la Marine franeaise. Paixhaks, 340. Explication des Maximes des Saints. Fexelox, 24. Expose des nouvelles decouvertes sur r61ectricit6. AmperE;, 317. Exposition du Systeme du Monde. Laplace, 334. Ezechiel. Agier, 6. F. Fables. Bailly, 252. 51 1; INDEX OF WORKS. r'aune des Medecins. Cloquet, 354. Favorites (Les) des Rois de France. Chateauneuf, 113. Force maritime (Nouvelle). Paixiians, 340. France (Histoire dc) par Anquetil, 96. Daniel, 117. (generalc de) par Dui'AU, 120. pendant le I8eme si6cle,par Lacretelle, 135. Mezerai, 143. MiLLOT, 145. Pigault-Lebrun, 149. SiSMONDI, 169. Velly, Villaret, et Garniek, 174. — See Memoircs, Collection and Supplement. French Revolution, See Revolution fran^aise . Fronde (Histoire de la). Saint-Aulaire, 164, G< Galerie antique, 303. Galerie des Peintres. Lebrun, 307. ■ frangaise, 303. historique des Hommcs cclebres, etc. Landon, 305. Gazette de France, 382. Rationale, 382. Genie du Christianisme. Chateaubriand, 18. Geographic ancienne abreg6e. D'Anville, 402, Geom6trie et M6canique, etc. DuPtN, 329. Geometric (Elemens de). Legendre, 337. Gil Bias dc la Revolution. Picard, 280. Globe (Le) Recueil litterairc, etc. 383. Gnosticisme (Histoire du). Matter, 37. Gradus franr;ais. Carpentibr, 206. Grammairc arabe. Sacy, 230. INDEX OF WORKS. rA7 Grammaiic compaiee des langues dc TEuropc latine, etc. Ray- XOUARD, 236. des Grammalrcs. Duvivier, 212. Grammaire g6n6iale dfe Port Royal. 234. Grammaire h^braique. Cellerier, 20G. Grand Dictionnaire historique. Moreri, 193. Guerre de la Peiiinsule(Histoire de la). For, 123. Guillaume le Franc Parleur. Jouy, 221. H. Helleaiennes. LamartinE, 273. Henriade (La). Fontanier, 269. Hermite de la Chaussee d'Antin. Jouy. 220. Hermite de la Guyane. Jouy, 20. deLondres. Jouy, 221. en Ecosse. Jouy, 221. en Italic. Jouy, 221. en Liberte. Jouy, 221. en Prison. Jouy, 220^ en Province. Jouy, 221. istoire abreg6e de I'Eglise. L'Homond, 33. ancienne,&c. Rollin, 162. comparee des Systemes de Philosopbie. Degerando,32.5. : critique de I'Assemblee g6nerale de France, en 1682. Tabaraud, 50. critique de I'lnquisition d'Espagne. Llorente, 34. . du Gnosticisme. Matter, 37- du vieux Testament. Simon, 48. . et niilitaire des guerres de la Revolution. Jo- mini, 131. Histoire d'Angleterrc. Bertrand oe Moleville, 101 , , Rapfn, 152. r>!S • INDEX OF WOllKS. Histoirc de. Cltiveland, fils de CiomweU, PRfJvosr, 282. ■ dft Fiance. See France. — ■ d'Hypolite. Aulnoy, 252. litteraire d'ltalie. Glixguene, 218. de TArt, par les Monumens. Seroux d'AoiNcouRx, 308. de I'Ait du Paysagc. Depf-rthe, 301. de rAsseiiiblee Constituaiite de France. Lacretblle, 135. de rAstrcnomie anciennc. Bailly, 319. modornc. Bailly, 320. — Delambre, &c. 320. Voiron, 320. de I'Eglise Gallicane. Loxgueval, 35. de la Guerre de la Vendee. Beauckamps, 100. de rimprimerie. INIarchaxd, 224. de la Legislation. Pastoret, 82. de la Litterature grecque. Schoel, 239. de la Poesie francaiso. Massieu, 225. de la regeneration do la Grece. Pouqueville, 150. de la Revolution Franraise. JMigxet, 145. qui reiiversa la rC'publique romaine. XOUCAREDE, 147. de la Theophilanthropic. Gregoire, 30. de Manichee et du Maniclieisme. Beausobre, 8. de Manon Lescot, et du Chevalier des Grieux. Pre- vosT, 282. de Marguerite de Valois. Madllc. de la FoRcn, 270. des Enipereurs. Crevier, 162. des Dues de Bourgogne. Baraxte, 98. des Navigations aux Tcrrcs Australcs. De BROSgE, 402. des ordrcs monastiqucs. IIelyot, 31. des premiers temps de la Grecc. Clavier, 114. des Revolutions de Norvegc. Catteau-Cai-levillk 112. INDEX OF WORKS. 519 Histoire des sectcs religieuses. Gregoire, '29, du Clcrge de France. Barruel, 7- du Droit romain. Berriat-Sai\t-Prix, 58. efclesiastique. Fleury, 26. See Mhnoires. ct IMemoires de rAcademie des Sciences. Du Hamel, geiierale, phj-sique et civile de I'Europe. Lacepede, 212. 134. litteraire des Troubadours. Millot, 226. naturelle des Cetac^es. Lacepede, 361. des Crustaces fossiles. Buoxgxiart, 352. des Poissons. Lacepede, 361. philosophique &c. des deux Lides. Raynal, 153. politique et morale des Revolutions do la France, df 1787 a 1820. Bail, 97. universelle de De Thou, 119. See Precis, Discours, Tablettes. ■ ancienne et moderne. Segur, 166. Homme (De 1'). Helvetius, 331. Homme (L') des Champs. Delille, 257. Honnete Homme (L'). Picard, 280. Hommes illustres qui ont paru en France, &c. Perraut-t, 195. Homme (L'). St. Vincent, 367- I. Iconographie romaine, par Moxgez, &c. 311. Industrie Francaise (De 1'). Chaptal, 322. Influence attribuee aux Philosophes, aux Francs-3Iacons, &c. sur la Revolution. Monxier, 147, r>'Z(y INDEX OF WORKS. IiiHueiicc (111 Cliiistianisinc sur la condition des fonimos. Gre- (.oiiiE, 30. Inquisition d'Espagne (Mistoiie do 1'). Llouente, 34. (Histoiie de 1') et son originc. IMausolliek, 141. Ifinialie. Arlincourt, 251. Jeanne-d'ArC (Histoiie de). LEBRux-DES-CHARMEXXEt;, 136. Jeremie. Agier, 6. Jesuites. Precis de leur histoire generale, 31. Jesuitisme (Dn) ancien et moderne. M. Pradt, 45. Journpl anecdotique de Madame Campan, 110. Journal des Mines, 383. des operations de rarm6e de Catalogne. Gouvier-St- Cyr, 127. de Paris, 384. des Savans, 386. Economique, 384. Encyclop6dique, 383. ' 6tranger, 385. general de la Litt6rature etrangere. 386. general de la Litt6rature de France. 385. universel des Sciences medicalcs, 385. Jugemens sur quclques ouvrages uouvcaux. 389. Julia Severa. Sismondi, 291. L. Langues tartarcs (Rechcrclics sur les). Reiviusat, 236 Lascaris. Villemain, 245. Lemons d' Anatomic. Cuvier, 355. Lcoons sur le Calcul des Fonctions. Lagrange, 333. Lccons de Philosophic. Laromiguiere, 335. Legislation civile de FraHce. Locre, 75. Losagc, Notice dc sa Vie ct de scs Ecrits. Prevost, 196. INDEX OF WORKS. 521 Les mille et une nuits. Galland, 270. Lettres, &c. L'Esptnasse, 223. de Madame de Sevigne, 240. cl'un Chartreux. Pougens, 283. d'une P6i'uviehne. Graffigny, 215. 6difiautes et curieuses, 6crites des Missions, &c. 138, in6dites de Fenelon, 213. Lettre posthurae et in6dite. Cabanis, 322. Lettres sur la profession d'avocat, et Bibliotheque choisie des livres de droit. Camus, 59. sur TEgypte. Savary, 419. sur ritalie. Castellan, 401. sur la Suisse. Raoul Rochette, 418. Libertes de I'Eglise. Dupin, 22. Ligue. See Esprit. Ligue hanseatique (Histoire dela). Mallet, 141. Liliacees (Les), Redoute, 365. Lithotritie (De la). Civiale, 353. Litterature (Resumes de), 237- Litt6rature consideree dans ses rapports avec les institutions sociales. Mad. dk Stael, 242. — du Midi de TEurope. Sismondi, 242. Logique (La.) Crouzas, 324. de Port Royal, 234. Lois (Les) civiles dans leur ordre naturel. Domat, 63. criminelles, e.vtraites de la Collection du Louvre, &c. Du- pin, 66. Louis XIII (Histoire de). Grifpet, 128. XIV, sa com- et le Regent. Anquetil, 96. .Lyc6e, ou Cours de Litterature. Laharpe, 221 . M. Mademoiselle dc Tournon. Souza, 293. 522 INDEX OF WORKS. iMaleshcrbes, (Vic de). See Esmi. Manicheismc, Histoire du, Beausobre, 8. IMauiere d'enseigner et d'etudier les Belles Lcttrcs. Rollix, 238. IManuel de Chimie in6dicale. Foxtenelle, 357- des 6tudians en Droit et des jeunes avocats. Durix, 6G. — du Bibliophile. Peignot, 232. — de Droit Fran^ais. Paillet, 78. — du Libraire. Buunet, 205. — du Mus6um Fran^ais. Touloxgeon, 310. du Voyagcur en Suisse. Ebkl, 406. Manuscrit de 1812. Faix, 123. Meditations poetiques. Lamautixe, 273. M6raoire3 de Comixes, 115. de FoucHE, 123. de la minorite de Louis XIV. Rochefoucauld, IGL • de la Roche-Jacquelix, 159. de la vie de Francois de Scepeaux. Carloix, IIL • de MlLE. DE MONTPEXSIER, 193. .^ — de Madame Roland, IGI. de Madame de Staal, 19G. de Physique &c. 362. • de Retz, 158; de S. A. S. Louis Antoine Philippe d'Or leans, 148. de St. Simon, 169. 'de SuLLY^ 172. du Conite de Grammoxt, 127. d'un Homme de Qualite, Prevost, 282. d'un Temoin de la Revolution. Bailly, 97- et Correspondence de Duplessis-Mornay, 122. ct Correspondence d'Epinay, 213. — historiques et niilitairos sur Carnot. Tissot, 173. . etc. du rugne dc Louis XVI. Massias, 142. INDEX OF WORKS. 523 Menioires iiiedits de Louis-Henri de Lomeuie. Barriere, 99. postliumes de Marmontel, 192. — pour seivir a I'histoire de la Campagne de 1814. Koch, 133. — des hommcs illustres dans la republique des letties. Niceron, 194. de Louis Xin, Motteville, 194. des egaremens de I'Es'prit liu- main. Pluqukt, 44. — cccl6siastique. Picot, 44. des six premiers siecles. Tillemoxt, 51. pour servir a une nouvelle Histoire de Louis XIl. RoKDERER, loo. secrets sur les regnes de Louis XIV et de Louis XV 142. sur divers sujets de I'histoire naturelle Latreille, 3G2. I'ancienne chevalerie. Sainte-Palaye, 290. la Collection des grands et petits Voyages. C.v- wus, 401. la Marine, &c. Dupix, 330. _ la Revolution Frangaisc. Buzot, 110. les Travaux publics de I'Angleterre. Dvtess, 329. ■ — la Vendue. Beauchamps, 102. la vie privee de Marie- Antoinette. Madame Cam- pan, 111. IMercure galant, ct Mercure de France, 388. Merite des Femmcs (Le). Legouve, 276. Mes souvenirs devingtans de sejour a Berlin. Thiebault, 172. 524 INJ)EX OF WOKKS. Meiliodc pom- etiidicr I'histoire. Lengeet Dv Fresnov, 137. 3Ioeuis dcs Israelites. Fleury, 28. des proniiers Chretiens. Fleury, 28. dos Sauvages Americaiiis. Lafiteau, 411. du Jour (Les). Colun-d'Harleville, 256. Monarchie (de la) Francaise, Montlosier, 76. prussicnnc. Mirabeau, 146. Monde primitif. Gebelxn, 304. IVIoralc (La) appliqiiee a la Politique. Jouy, 72. Mort dc Socrate (La). Lamartine, 273. Motifs des guerres et des traites de paix do la France. An- quetil, 96. Musee des antiques. Bouillox, 301. Musee, &c. See Supplement. N. Napoleon (Histoire de) et de la grande armee. Segur, 16^. Napoleon juge par lui-nieme, ses amis et ses ennemis. Mas- eiAs, 142. Nosographie philosophique. Pinel, 36-1. Notice des moninnens, &c. Dumersax, 302. et extraits des manuscrits dc la bibliotheque du roi, 231. historiques, &c. sur plusieurs livres de Jurisprudence francaise. Dupin, 66. Nouveau Dictionnaire de Medecine. Beclaiid, &c. 350. des Origines, Inventions, etc. Noel. etc. 340. liistoriquc, CHAUFFEriE, 189. Nouveau Testament. Beausorre et L'Enfant, 14. Testament, en Latin et en Fran^ais, avcc des Reflexions morales. Quesnel, 46. INDEX OF WORKS. 525 Nouveaux Amusemens du Coeur et de I'Esprit, 391. • Essais poetiques. Mile, Gay, 270. Principes d'Ecoiiomie politique. Sismoxdi, 8G. Nouvel abrege chronologique de I'Histoire de Fiance. Ile- NAULT, 131. Alrnanach des Gourmands. Perigord, 233. Bibliotlieque des auteurs ecclesiastiques. Dupin, 22. d'uu homme de Goiit. Barrier, 204. Nouvelles de la R6publique des Lettres, 390. Nouvelles Dissertations sur le Texte et les Versions du Nou- veau Testament. Simox, 48. force maritime. Paixhans, 340. meditations poetiques, Lamartine, 273. Nouvelliste du Parnasse, 389. Observations siir le roraan de Gil Bias. LIorente, 27". sur I'histoire de la Grece. Mably, 140. sur les Roniains, 140. • sur I'histoire de France, 140. sur les Ecrits moderues, 389. sur plusieurs points importans de notrc Lei^is- lation criminelle. Dupin, 6.5. Ode d la Grande Armee. Lebrun de Ciiarmettes, 275. CEuvres choisies de Parny, 280. completes de Chenier, 255. completes, See Complete JVorlis from page 427, io page 475. dramatiqucs de Piron, 282, (Los) do Descartes, 326. de Gresset, 271. de La Fontaine, 265. de Lebrun, 275. de Louis XIV, Grouvelle, &c. 129. de Madame Desuouheres, 261, .'52G INDEX OF WORKS. Oiluvios de MoxTCRiF, 279. ]ioetiques de Mad. Dufrenoy, '2G3. de Rabelais, 284. de RoNSARD, 287- de J. B. Rousseau, 289. Oniasis en Egypte, Baour-Lormian", 252. Oraisons fuiiel)res, de Bossuet, 14. de Flechier, 23. Oidounances des Rois de France. Pastoret, 79. Origine des Lois, des Artset des Sciences. Gogcet, 68. Origines (Nouveau Dictionnaire des). Noel, &c. 340. P. Panegyriques de La Rub, 33. Papcs, Icui* portraits politiques. Llorente, 35. Parallele de la puissance anglaise et russe. De Pradt, 83 Paria (Le). Delavigne, 259. Paul et Virginie. St. Pierre, 292. Paysan parvenu (Le). Marivaux, 278. Peine (De la) de mort. Guizot, 70. Pcns6es de Louis XIV, 75. de Pascal, 42. Pcrfectionncment moral (Du). Degerando, 325. Petit prodiicteur Francais. Dupin, 65. Pctits Prophetos (Les). Agier, 6. Philosophic anatomique. St Hilaire, 368.' niincralogique (Surla). Dolomieu, 356, Phytographie medicale. Roques, 366. Pitie (La). Delille, 258. Poesies. Mad. Tastu, 294. lyriques. M. J. Chenier, 256. Politique do tous les Cabinets dc I'Europe. Segur, 167. INDEX OF WORKS. 527 Port-Royal. See Grammnire, Logiqnc^ Precis de la Geographie univcrselle. Malte-Brux, 413. de THistoire de la Medecine, 365. de rhistoire g6ii6rale des Jesuites, 31. de I'histolre universelle. Anquetil, 96. des Evenemens militaires de 1794 a 1814. Dumas, 122. des guerres de la Revolution. Dumas, 122. elementaire d'Economie politique. Blanqui, 59. historique de la Revolution Francaise. Rabaut-Saixt- Etienne, 151. du Droit romain. Dupin, GQ. ■ francais. Dupin, 67- Princesse de Cleves (La). Mad. de La Fayette, 274. Principes de Litt6rature, &c. Massias, 339. de physiologic. Dumas, 357. Probleme de I'Esprit humain. Massias, 339. Procedure civile des Tribunaux de France. Pigeau, 82. Projet d'une Constitution religieuse. Llorente, 75. Proplieties concernant J. C. et I'Eglise. Agier, 5. Proverbes draraatiques. Leclerq, 276. Provinciales de Pascal, 40. Pseaumes, (Les) nouvellement traduits. Agier, 5. Pyretologie physiologique, ou traite des fievres. Boisseau, 352. Q. Quatre Ages (Les). Pougexs, 283. Q_\\\iii\?.me, See page 24-25-43. R Rapports dc la Nature a rHorame. Massias, 338. du physique et du moral de rhomme. Cabaxis, 322. 528 INDEX OF WORKS. Recherche de la Vent6. Mallebranche, 338. llecherches des anciens peuples. Maillot, &c. 308. historiques et critiques sur Ics mysteres dii Pa- ganisme. St. Croix, 50. physiologiques sur la vie et la mort. Bichat, 351. sur la geographic syst6matique. Gosselin, 408. sur les aiiiniaux fossiles. Cuvier, 354. sur les langues tarlares. Rfe.MusAT, 237. '■ — sur les lois des affinites chimiques. Berthollet, 351. Recucil coraplet dos Lois et Ordoimaiices du Royaume. Isam- bert, 71. des Histoires dcsGaiiles et de la France. Bouquet, 104. des pieces aulhoiitiques sur le captif de St. H61ene, &c. 108. d'observations &c. Ampere, 317. general des anciennes Lois Francaises. Isambert, 71 . Reflexions, ou sentences et maximes de La Rochefoucauld, 343. sur I'Etat de I'Eglise. La Mennais, 32. Regence du Due d'Orleans. Marmontel, 141. Relation dc I'origine &c. du Quietisme. Phelipeaux, 43. des Campagnes dc Buonaparte en Egypte. Ber- THIER, JOl. Rcligieusc (La). Diderot, 261. Religion (La) Chr6tienne autorisee par le temoignagc des anciens auteuis payens. Colonia, 21. d\i liledecin. Brown, 17. Rcnugat(Le). Arlincourt, 251. Repertoire universel et raisonne de Jurisprudence. Merlin, 76. Republique de Venise (llistoire de la). Daru, 118. Italicnncs (Histoire des). Sismondi, 170. Romainc (Histoire critique de la). Levesque, 139. INDEX OP WORKS. £29 Responsabilite dcs I\Iinistres. Constant, GI. Rt'sunius de I'llistoiie dcs Litt6ratures ancieimcs et modernes &c. '237. liistoriques, 154. Resume de I'llistoire de la Litteiature Italienne. Salfi, 238. Revolution Francaise. Choix de Rapports, &c. pronoiices a la Tribune Nationale, depuis 1787, jiisq'ii cc jour, 152. Collection dos INIeinoires relatifs a la Revolution Francaise. Berville et Barriere, 101. Considerations sur les principanx evenemens de la Revolution. Mad. De Stael, 171. Esquisses liistoriques dcs principaux evenemens de la Revo- lution Francaise. Dulaure, 120. Essai sur TArt de rendre les Revolutions utiles. Eoxxet, 103. sur I'Histoire de la Revolution Francaise, par une so- ciete d'auteurs Latins, 159. Etat de la France a la fin de I'Au viii. IIauterive, 131. riistoire critique et militaire des Guerres de la Revolution. JOMIM, 131. de France, dopuis la fin du regnc do Louis XVI. Moxt- gaxllard. Spe Supplement. de la Guerre de la Vendee. Beauchamp, 100. de la Revolution Frangaise, depuis 17S9, jusqu'en 1814. Mignet, 145. Thiers, See Supple- ment. de I'Assembl^e Constituante de France. Lacretellk, 135. politique et morale des Revolutions de la France, de 1787 u 1820. Bail, 97- Influence attribuee aux Pbilosophes, aux Francs-Magons, &c. sur la Revolution. Mounier, 147.. M 2 530 INDEX 01' WORKS. Memoires dc S. A. S. Louis Aiitoiiie Philippe d'OuLKANS, 148. d'uii T6moin de la Revolution. Bailly, 97. historiqucs ct militaiics siir Caniot. Txhs-ut, 173- • ct poliliqucs du regiie de Louis XV'I. Massias, 142. sur la Revolution Fiangaisc. Buzot, 110. sur la Vendee. Bonthamps, 102. Politique de tous les Cabinets de I'Euiope. Seguu, 167- Precis des ev6nemens niilitaiies, de 1794 a 1814. Dl-mas, l'2l. des guerres de la Revolution. Dcjmas, 122. liistorique dc la Revolution Franc^aise. Rabaut-Saixt- Etienne, 151. Revolution actuelle de I'Espagnc et ses Suites. De Pradt, 150. Revolutions romaincs (Histoire des). Vehtot, 174. de Suede. Vcktot, 175. Revue Encyclopedique, 391. Roman comique (Lc). Scarron, 291. Romant de la Rose (Le). Louris, 27^. Roses (Les). Redoute, 305. Rousseau (J.J.) Histoire de sa Vie et de ses Ouvrages. Pa- thay, 194. Ruiues (Les). Volnev, 240. Russie (Histoire de). Voltaire, 177- s. Sagesse (De la). Charron, 323. Saint-Barthelemy (Histoire dela). Audiv, 97- Satyrc Menippe. Roy, 288. Sectes rcliijieuses (Histoire des). Greooirr, 29. Sept Messeniennes nouvcllea. DklAvignh, 259. Sermons de Beaitvais, 8. Bossu£x, 14. INDEX OF WORKS. 531 Sermons dc Bodrdaloub, 16. Cambaceres, 18. Chapelain, 18. Chais, 19. Chatelain, 19. ClIEMINAIS, 19. Claude, 20. Clement, 20. Gery, 29. La Rue, 33. L'Enfant, 33. I'Abbe PouLLB, 45. Neuville, 38. Saurin, 47. — Superville, 50. du Pere Elisee, 23. Sethos. Terrasson, 295. Sieele de Louis XIV. Voltaire, 170. Si6cles litt6raires de la France. Dessessarts, 209. Suisse (La). Depping, 404. Sylla. JouY, 272. Synonymes Frangais. Girard, 215. Systemes d'Economie politique. Ganilh, 68. des connaissances chimiques. Fourcroy, 358. T. Tableau historique de I'etat ct des progr^s de la Litt^rature Franf?aisc, depuis 1789. Chenier, 207. Tableaux de THistoirc philosophique du Christianisrae. Co- QUEREL, 21. Tableau des Revolutions dc I'Europe. Koch, 134. du Systerac politi(]\ie dc I'Europe. An» iLi.o\, 95. .'532 INDEX OF WORKS. Tableau d'Ornitholog-e. Mirecourt, 363. ?'!'r<6:',''.l dc I'Empirc Ottoman. D'Hasson, 404. physique des r6gions eqiiatoriales. ITumjjoldt, 360. Tabletles chionologiqiics de riTistoire universelle. PicoT, 140. Tactique des Asseinblees legislatives. Bentham, 57. Tarsis el Zelie. Boutigxy, 254. Teinpliers (L?s). Raynouard, 285. Theaire d:> Crebillon, 257. de CiiExiER, 2.00. de ridolatiie. Roger, 419. do PicARD, 281. de QuixAULT, 284. des Grecs. Brumoy, 254. et CEuvres do Regnard, 287. Theoiie de rAction capillaire. Laplace, 333. dc I'Ecoiiomie politique. Ganilh, 68. des fonctions analitiqucs. Lagrange, 332. des Lois politiqiies de la France. Lezardiere, 'J4. des peines et des recoTnpenses. Be.vtham, 57- du Beau et dii Sublime. Massias, 339. du Paysagc. Depertite, 301. Traito cojiiplct de I'art de la DistiHation, 328. de i»i6caiiiqne. Borgms, 321. du ('aleiidrier. Le Boyer, 336. d'anatomie chii-urgicale. Vei.peau, 309. de chiraie elemontairc. Tjtenard, 3G8. d'Ecoiiomie politique. Say, 86. '!c Legislation. Bextiiam, 57. de la Moello epiniere, &c. Ollivier, 303. de la v6rite dc la Religion Chretienne. Abadie, 5. (le L6gislatioii, on expositions des Lois g^neralcs. COJITE, CO. de mt'canique. Christian, 323. INDEX OF WORKS. 533 Tiaiti' (Iii min^ralogie. Hauy, 369. do G6odesie. Pltssant, 342. de TopograpliiCjd'Arpcntage, See. Puissant, 34'2. des grandes operations militaires. Jomini, 132. des Poisons. Orfila, 384. des preuves judiciaires. Rentham, 58. des Sensations et des Passions. Le Cat, 337. des Systemes. Coxdillac, 323. du Calcul diflerenticl, etc. Lacroix, 331. du Choix etc. des Etudes. Fleury, 214. elementaire d'Astronomie physique. Biot, 32(X de Physique. Hauy, 3.59. histoiique et dogmatique dela vraie Religion. BtRefsr., 9. Tresor (Le). Andrieux, 251. Trois JMesseniennes nouvelles. Delavigxe, 258. Troubadours et Cours d' Amours. Raynouard, 236. Tyran domestique (Le). Duval, 2G3. u L'ranographie. Fraxcceur, 330. Usage et abus de TEsprit philosopliiquc. Portalis, 312. V. Veillecs poetiques et morales. Baour-Lormian, 252. Vendee, See Revolution Fraii^.aise. Vie d'Erasme. Burignv, 18S. de Louis IX. Seuur, 1G7. de Madame Guyon, ecrite par elle-niemc, 191. dc Richelieu. Le Clerc, 191. de Voltaire. Co.vdorcet, 189. :,31 INDEX OF AVOUK.<^, Vie privee de Louis XV. Dant.ervillr, 190. Vies des hommos illnstres de Fiance. D'xVuvigmy, 190. et ffiiivres des Pcintres les plus cclebres. Laxhox, 30f5. Virgt-quatre heures d'une Femme sensible. Mad. La Prin- CEssE DE Salm, 290. Visiteur du Pauvre. Degeraxdo, 209. Voyage autonr du moiule. Perouse, 416. a Mcroe. Caiiliaud, 390. aux Regions oquinoxiales du nouveau Continent. Hum- boldt, etc. 410. dans la Basse et la Haute Egypte. Deno.v, 403. dans la Grccc. Pouqueville, 418. dans rinterieur dc I'Afrique. Le Vaillaxt, 412. de decouvcrtes aux Terres Australes. Peron, 417- d'ltalie. Missox, 414. • du jeune Anacharsis en Grcce. Hartiielemv, 397- d'un jeune Frangais en Angloterrc,etc. Blaxqti, 308. d'un jeune Grec a Paris. Heaume, 219. en Anglctene. Simox, 420. fin Annoiiic ct en Perse. Jaibert, 411. en Ecosse. Necker-de-Saussure, 410. en Italie et en Sicile, 420. en Morce a Constantinople S:c. Pouqueviixe, 417. en Savoie en Piemonda Nice et ii Genes. Millix, 414. en Suisse. Simond, 420. . pittoresque dans les Cantons des Grisons. Ebel, 40G. de Constantinople, S:c. Milling, 413. de la Grece. Choxseul-Gouffier, 401. de rOberland. Staffer, 42!. et bistorique d'Espagne. La Borde, 411. Voyages dans la Grande Bretagnc. Drpix, 405. a Peking, Manillc ot I'lsle de France. Guigxes, 408. aux Alpcs et en Italic. Moxtemoxt, 415. INDEX OF WORKS. .'^3r> Voyage aiix Alpes ruaritiincs. Fodere, 408. contcnaut la description dea Etats du Grand IMoi.\il. IJSUNIER, 397- Vrais principes de I'Eglise gallicaiie. Fra vssinuls, 29. Vue ge:iei-ale des progrt^s de plusieurs branches des scienc-es iiaturelles. Lacepede, 361. Zavde. I\Iad. db la Favette, 274. CORUIGENDA.* Pagb 97. Bailey (J. Sil.) read Bailly. HI. Cakloix (Vincent), Memoires de la Vie de Fraurohs' de Seeped iw,&.c. for 5 vols. 12mo, 7'ead 5 vols. 8vo. 121. Dumas (i\[. le Corate), Precis, ^-c. The title of a new edition of this work has inadvertently been inserted ou the Other side of the page, as that of a distinct work, 135. Lacketelle, Histoire de France. The paragraph " To this work should be added, &c. was inadvertently in- serted here, and belongs to the Article on the next page, entitled — Le Beau, Histoire du Bas Empire. ICl. Rochefoucauld, Mhnoires de la Minorite de Lonis XI, read Louis XIV. * On looking over the preceding sheets, previously to publication, the fol- lowing Eruata have been discovered, and are here pointed out. For these, .'ind for others which may have escaped the Author, the indulgence of the Rea- der 19 requested, on account of the impossibility of sometimes avoiding; error, in citing such a multitude of titles as are introduced in this Work, a difficulty rendered still greater, from the materials having been compiled without any of the means of assistance which a residence in Paris would have aiTorded, and wliich it was impossible to obtain in a foreign country. 630 COURIGKNDA. Page 209. Uessessarts, (N. L. M.) Les Siecles litter aires, &c. for \, read 7 vols. 8vo. •2i(). Grimm (Le Baron do) Correspondance litterairc, &c. To \\\Q sevenieen volmues of which this correspondence is composed, one has lately been added, containing se- veral unpublished letters, and the passages which the Censorship, under Napoleon, had retrenched from for- mer editions. 3'20. For Delambre's as well as Votron's IJistoire de I' As- tronomic, see Bailly, p. 319-20. :il'.». Annales, Annates dii Museum d'lliatoire naturelle, {s.M) dcpuis son origine, en ISO'^I, jusqu'en 1S15, 20 vols. 4to. with more than 600 plates. 3o5. Des Bents des 3Iammifercs. This useful work is by Fke- DERic, not by Baron Cuvier. THE END. LONDON: TKINTED BV T. I'RICl',, 39, KIUB V-STllKKT. JI ATTC..>-G A RCK>. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. i''iii-iii L;i- Series 444 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 000 481 555 Z 2171 V56f mmMmmmWm^l^