f^/ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DEP> ^0. /yi liu J.::.A~noK' MAYNE'S CaIM-OI SIGHT SPELLER ADAPTED FOR GRADED SCHOOLS From Fourth Grade through the Eighth Grade and UNGRADED SCHOOLS WITH Supplementary List for Use in High Schools and for TEST EXERCISES BY D. D. MAYNE Principal School of Agriculture. St. Anthony Park, Minn. POWERS & LYONS CHICAGO AND NEW YORK Take care that you never spell a word wrong. Always, before you spell a word, consider how it is spelled, and if you do not remember it, turn to a dictionary. It produces great praise to a lady [or gentle- man] to spell well. — Thomas Jefferson^ in letter to his daughter. EDUCATIONI DEI^V Copyright 1905 By POWERS & LYONS PREFACE Notwithstanding the assertion made by one of our promi- nent educators that the boy in the high school who is accused of being a poor speller should regard the accusation as a com- pliment rather than a disgrace, the great body of English-speak- ing people feel that accuracy in the use of the mother-tongue in orthography, as well as in composition, is one of the marks of even a fair education. The problem of how to make good spellers is a very present one for the teachers in the schools. A few years ago it was thought by a number of prominent educators that it would be best to do away with the spelling-book and teach spelling incidentally in connection with the regular school subjects. In the schools where this plan, or rather lack of plan, was tried it was soon found that pupils regarded spelling: merely as incidental, attaching little importance to it. Systematic use of the unpedagogic spellers now on the market is far better than this haphazard instruction given without a text. During the past few years the subject of spelling has received increasing attention from educators and psychologists, investi- gations having revealed facts that can not help being of great value in making good spellers. These investigations of thou- sands of children in Germany, in Philadelphia, Chicago, and many of the important cities of Wisconsin, have shown with a reasonable degree of certainty the following facts: 1. In learning to spell, school children are largely "eye- minded;" that is, they obtain their percepts of the order of the letters in words by seeing the words in print or in script. 2. The ease of obtaining the percepts and the ability to reproduce them with accuracy are aided by studying the words in the form in which they usually appear in print or script, unmodified by separation into syllables or the application of 4 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 3. Good spelling is aided greatly by writing, and, to a less extent, by naming the letters aloud in order. The careful pro- nunciation of the words by the pupil has been found to be a great aid in correct spelling. 4. Very much better results have been obtained when attention was called to certain words of difficult orthography or when something of interest, either in pronunciation or meaning, was given with reference to the words. Even a cursor}^ examination of the spelling-books published within the period of these investigations will show that their authors either had no knowledge of the investigations or chose not to utilize it. If, then, the results of the investigations are not to be discredited, the necessity for a text-book in spelling which shall take into account the ascertained facts is plainly shown. To meet this necessity, the Sight Speller has been prepared. The words are printed in clear, bold-faced type to appeal to the eye of the pupil, and there are no marks of any kind on or about the words to distract the attention of the pupil from their usual form. Under each list of words, in smaller type, are the words marked for correct pronunciation. Here are also given such cautions, meanings, and facts as will call more interested atten- tion to the words to be spelled. The diacritical markings are those used in Webster's International Dictionary, but there are no re-spellings, it having been demonstrated beyond question that such re-spellings are a frequent source of poor spelling, as they present an incorrect form for critical attention, the result being that the incorrect form is often the one which makes the stronger impress upon the mind. The choice of vocabulary and its extent are among the most important problems in preparing a good spelling-book. It is manifestly impossible to include in a speller all the words that are found in the dictionary, many thousands of which find no place in the vocabulary of the ordinary citizen. Although much fault is found with the irregularity of our English spelling, it is a fact that the average child, acquainted with the common analogies of our language, will spell correctly MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 5 hundreds of words which he has never seen. The analogies and the phonetics of our language attend to the spelling of the larger number of words in the language. It is not necessary, then, to incorporate all of these in a speller. Neither is it necessary in a spelling-book to give special attention to the simpler analogies, as that is amply provided for in our modern methods of teach- ing reading. There are thus left for the special vocabulary of the spelling- book only such words as involve some orthographic difficulty. What constitutes orthographic difficulty is, of course, largely a matter of judgment of the author or teacher, but some advance has been made on individual ju-dgment by a comparison of spell- ing tests used in a number of cities throughout the country. It is found that certain words that are frequently misspelled in one city will present no difficulty whatever in another; also, that certain words which are misspelled by pupils quite generally are such as apparently should present no difficulty whatever. An investigation of difficulties in spelling was made at the University of Wisconsin under the supervision of the professor of psychology. It was found that the greatest difficulty lies in the doubling of letters. Then, in order, with the terminations able and ible^ in ei and ie^ in tion^ sion^ and ciotiy and in silent letters. It will be noted that prominence is given to these diffi- culties in the preparation of the^ lessons and in the selection of the words for this book. The doubling of letters and some other difficulties involve the rules of spelling. A single rule is emphasized in each grade, and a review of all the rules, with drills, is given in the eighth grade. It is believed that this arrangement will make the rules serviceable to the pupils. In many spelling-books particular stress is laid upon lists of homophones. The spelling-book that places together the words ton and tun for the pupil to study and to distinguish is doing him a positive disservice. The word tun is seldom used as the name of a cask, and there is certainly no possibility that the pupils in our schools to-day will ever have any occasion to employ it. Until these two words were studied in juxtaposition there was little probability of ton being misspelled; but from this time forward every pupil needing to v/rite the word representing 6 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER two thousand pounds, will meet the question, Shall I spell it with an or with 2^u? The more he thinks about it the more likely is he to choose the wrong letter. Spelling-books having long i lists of homophones lead to the very confusion they are seeking ! to avoid. There is not likely to be confusion in the minds of the pupils with words presented at long intervals. Early in life the word load is learned. It may not be necessary until many years afterward to add the word lode^ and when that time comes there will be no confusion unless some speller groups the words and directs the pupil to study the two words together. The words to^ too and two^ and there and their are learned at about i the same time, and it is the confusion of a few words such as . these that has led to the belief that it is necessary to teach many homophones, whereas, in point of fact, the number needed is very small. A few homophones with which pupils may have special difficulty are given in the Review and Dictation Exer- cises. Here pupils may see the words in their proper relations to other words, and with their exact meanings indicated by their use in sentences. Though the method of presentation may vary, all practical teachers recognize the necessity of drill and of frequent review upon troublesome words. Words of this nature have been repeated in each grade. No apology is offered for the occur- rence of separate dLwdi. its derivatives seven times, nor for the repetition of benefit and its derivatives as frequently. Every teacher above the fourth grade will recognize the necessity of the repetition. Drill, drill, drill, is the price to be paid for good , spelling. It is recommended that, besides mastering the spell- | ing of the words for its own grade, each grade review all the words given for the preceding grade. If an eighth grade pupil can spell every word in the spelling- book correctly, he or she may still be a poor speller for life. New words are constantly arising that must be learned. More important than all else is the formation of the dictionary habit. This habit well formed will make even a naturally poor speller \ a good speller in adult life, as well as contribute to his general i intelligence. The cultivation of this habit is one of the chief \ MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 7 advantages to be gained by the use of this spelling-book. Each lesson has something to be looked up in the dictionary, and specific directions are given to the pupil as to what he shall look up. A teacher may talk ever so much about the use of the dictionary, and advise its use, but, unless definite lessons are given, the habit will not be formed. The act of searching for the word, the retention of the letters of the word in the mind, and the mental chastisement if they slip away before the word searched for is found, are all powerful influences in fixing the form of the word in the mind. The compilation of a mere list of words for use in the grades would be an easy task, but would be of doubtful utility. The words in this speller are chosen with reference to their ortho- graphic difficulty. It is primarily a spelling-book, and not a language book, a grammar, an etymology or an orthoepy. With- out sacrificing this fundamental idea, however, it has been found possible to so classify the words of the speller that the mean- ings of hundreds of them become apparent, the pronunciation of others is indicated, and the derivation of many more made clear. The spelling lesson is often the lesson that is most neglected by the teacher, not becaus-e of any want of appreciation of its importance, but chiefly because of lack of time. This text is an aid to the teacher. It not only presents the list of words in proper form, but it also gives such assistance to the pupils as the careful teacher would gladly give had she the time. It is hoped that the use of this text will make the spelling lesson something more than a "conning o'er" of a mere list of words, and the author will feel abundantly repaid if his effort to produce a spelling-book which recognizes the results of recent scientific investigations shall be accorded a welcome by teachers and pupils. PRONUNCIATION Elementary Sounds There are about forty elementary sounds in the English language. By a proper combination of these elementary sounds the words of the language are made. The Alphabet Imperfect If the alphabet were perfect, there would be one character for each sound, and but one. But the English alphabet con- tains but twenty-six characters, so that extra duties must be put upon some of the characters — e. g., *'a" has eight sounds. The twenty-six characters are not economically used, for some of them are superfluous, as q-=kw^ x=ks^ etc. This imperfection leads to the necessity of indicating the pronunciation of words by diacritical marks in order to denote the true value of any character. Classification of Oral Elements The elementary sounds are either vowel sounds or consonant sounds. The vowel sounds, or vowels, are made by the vocal cords, and are but slightly modified by the organs of speech. The letters a, e, /, ^, u^ w and y represent all the vowels in the language. The consonant sounds, or consonants, are sounds which in utterance are usually combined and sounded with vowels. Vowels Char- Name of Name of Dia- Equiva- acter. Sound. critical Mark. lent. a Long a Macron e a Short a Breve a Long Italian Two dots above a Short Italian One dot above 9 Key Words ale, fate, chaos am, fat, accept far, father, ah ask, grass, America ,10, MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER Chai Name oi Name of Dia- ] Equiva- T^„„^Ttr„„j„ acter. Sound. critical Mark. lent. rvey vv ui ub. a Broad Tv/o dots under all, awe, swarm a Short broad One dot under o what, was, quaHty a Circumflex Caret e cdre, shdre, parent a Modified by r Tilde e, c si,y, u scholar, orchard a Long shortened Detached bar senate, preface a Obscure ItaUc fin^l, infant e Long^ Macron i eve, mete, serene e Short e Breve end, met, efface A e Circumflex Caret a there, heir, where e Modified by r Tilde a, i, o, u, y fern, her, infer e Like long a Bar below a prey, obey, feign e Long shortened Detached bar create, serene e Obscure ItaHc recent, novd i Long / Macron y ice, time, bind i Short / Breve y ill, pin, pity i Like e Two dots above e machine, pique i Modified by r Tilde a, o, e,y, u fir, bird i Long shortened Detached bar idea, tribunal o Long Macron old, note, over 6 Short Breve odd, not, occur 6 Circumflex Caret orb, lord, order o Modified by r Tilde a, e ,15 U, y doctor, factor Q Broad Two dots under 65 ooze, who, tomb 9 Short broad One dot under oo ► wolf, bosom 6 Like short u One dot above ii some, other 6 Long shortened Detached bar obey, propose u Long u Macron iise, pure, tune u Short u Breve 6 iip, tub, submit ^ Circumflex Caret urn, burn, furl u Broad Two dots under rude, intrude u Short broad One dot under o, ob 1 full, put, push fi Long shortened Detached bar unite, humane y Long^/ Macron I my, cry, dye y Short y Breve i sadly y Modified by r Tilde i, a, O, 11, e myrtle, myrrh MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER^ , ,,,,,,,11,.., Diphthongs A diphthong is a combination of two vowel sounds, in one utterance or syllable. It may be represented to the eye by two letters or by one. There are six diphthongs in the English language, represented in the words tee, ouf, oil^ ale^ old^ use. Digraphs A digraph is a combination of two letters to represent one sound, as ai in said, ph in phonic. Trigraphs A trigraph is a combination of three letters to represent one sound or diphthong, as ieu in adieu, eau in beau. Key Words, eat, call ^ell, vife get, begin gem, engine ink, finger i§, hag exist Definitions and Classifications The sounds in the language may be classified according to the special organs used in making or in modifying them. A lingual is a consonant sound formed by the aid of the tongue, as th in thing. A palatal is a sound produced by the aid of the palate, as k in king, A labial is a sound produced by the aid of the lips, as p in pin, A sub-vocal is a tone of the voice greatly modified or inter- rupted by the organs of speech, as b in boy. Consonants Char- acter. Name of Sound. Name of Dia- critical Mark. Equiva- lent. € Hard Bar k P Soft Cedilla s g Hard Bar g Soft Cedilla j n Nasal Bar below § Sonant Suspended bar z ? Sonant Suspended bar g2 n^ " MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER An aspirate' is' a mere breathing, more or less modified by the organs of speech, as /i in /lat; wh in what. Cognates are those pairs of consonant sounds, one sub- vocal and one aspirate, which are produced with the organs of speech in the same, or very nearly the same position. In the following table cognates are on the same line. Sub-vocals Aspirates Character Key. Equivalent. Character. Key. Equivalent. b ball P pull d do t time ed, th g get k h kill hut e, eh, gh, q J jet g ch chin 1 lid m muff n not n single ng r rub th this th thin V vain f fall ph, gh w woe wh who ? exist g2 X vex ks y yet z buzz § s son P z(h) azure si, zi sh shoot ch, c, ce, ci si, ti, sch Consonant Digraph s €h chorus ph sylph x=ks ?h fhaise sh shoot q=kw dg edge th that gh ghastly th thin ng sing wh what FOURTH GRADE LESSON 1 Sound of long **a," as in "ate." mason fable crazy- lately favor greater vale bathe pain refrain slain ache plane razor acorns label tailor hasty gayly stake Note the words in this lesson having silent e to keep the vowel long. ma's^n; fa'vor; pa^n; plan^, level, flat; tailor; fa'bl^; gr^at'er; re fra'jn', to hold back; ra'zor; has'ty, acting in a hurry; lat^'ly; bath^; ael^^; la'bel; stak^, a stick in the ground. Mark the words in the third column to show pronunciation; then correct your work by consulting the dictionary. Do not copy the word from the dictionary as it is spelled by sound. Copy the correct spelling only and indicate the correct pronun- ciation by marks. The bar over vowels to indicate their long sound is called the macron. LESSON 2 Articles Found in the Kitchen. kettles knives bowl platters bucket towel skillet griddle spoons chairs damper funnel grater pail table sieve ladle dipper saucers 13 strainer 14 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER ket'tl^s; bii^k'et; sp6on§; grat'er, something to grate fruit or : vegetables; la'dl^? ^niv^§; tow'el; cM^rg; pa^l; bo^l, a vessel to hold liquids; skil'let; dam'per; ta'bl^j sai^'gerg. Look up the meanings of the words in the last column, and mark them for pronunciation. Note carefully the order of the letters in sieve. LESSON 3 Words of Opposite Meanings. great small unite divide admire detest despise respect fierce gentle homely pretty feast famine smooth rough straight crooked give receive These words should be studied in pairs. If either word is given, be able to spell its opposite also. gr^at; smaH; u nit^; di vid^', notice the short sound of i in the first syllable; ad mir^; detest'; de spi§^; respect'; f^er^V? gen'tl^; hom^'ly; pre(=i)t'ty. Mark the remaining pairs of words diacritically, using the dictionary, and find their meanings. ■1* ? LESSON 4 Having Reference to Colors. pale blue yellow azure purple plain indigo vermilion reddish orange maroon ochre white violet chestnut crimson dun green plaid lavender pal^, wanting in color; pur'pl^; red 'dish; whit^; dun, a dull MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 15 brown color; blu^; pla^n, not brightly colored; 6r'a(=e)ng^; vi'o let; gre^n; yel'loV; in'di go, deep blue; ma roon', a brown- ish or dull red color; chesVniit; pla^d, checkered in colors. Look up the meanings of the remaining words in the diction- ary, and mark them diacritically. LESSON 5 Dictation Review. ^^ Great oaks from little acorns grow." The skillet is used a greater number of times in the kitchen than the grater. Plain people always occupy a higher plane than those who are merely pretty. The stake was set at the end of the crooked vale. The meat is brought to the table on platters when it is well done. The dun colors receive more favor than the orange, the blue, or the purple. LESSON 6 Long Sound of "e." beat steal ceiling needle dear scheme valise fleecy- here sphere people eaten meet senior seize fever peace cease weedy beet be^t; de^r, greatly beloved — high-priced; her^, me^t; pe^fV; ste^l; sel^em^, a plan of something to be done; spher^, any body in the form of a globe; sen'i(=y)or, older than another; ge^s^, to stop; gearing; va lisV, a small sack or case for containing clothes, etc.; pe^'pl^; se^z^; we^d'y. Look up the words in the last column in the dictionary; mark them for pronunciation, and find the meanings of those you do not know. 16 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER LESSON 7 . Months and Days, with Abbreviations. January- Jan. November Nov. February Feb. December Dec. March Mar. Sunday Sun. April Apr. Monday Mon. May May Tuesday Tues. June Jun. "Wednesday Wed. July Jul. Thursday Thur. August Aug. Friday Fri. September Sept. Saturday Sat. October Oct. Christmas Xmas The first ^is silent in Wednesday. Do not omit it in spelling. Jan'u a ry; Feb'ru a ry, note carefully the second syllable; March; A'pril; Ma^; Jun^; July'; Ai^'giist; Sep tem'ber; Oe to'ber; No vem'ber; De ^em'ber; Sun'da^; Mon'da;^; Tu^§'da^. Mark the remaining words for pronunciation, and then, by consulting the dictionary, find whether you have them correct. LESSON 8 Some Difficult Small Words. there match build skein much piece easy •whistle ditch sure till wrist which busy until their sleigh grate vein juice Make three sentences using the word there, and the same num- ber using the word their, ther^; much; dilijch; which; sle'i^l^; maltjch; p^e?^; s(=sh)urV, bu(=i)§'y; grat^; bi^ild; e^§'y; tiH; until'; ve\n. Mark the words in the final column for pronunciation, using the dictionary. MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 17 LESSON 9 Words Connected with the Farm. orcliard lawu patch harrow plantation Btubble shrubbery scythe vineyard pigsty separator mower meadow trough heifer hoes field haystack stanchion disc or'chard; plan ta'tion, a large estate, cultivated by laborers who live upon it; vin^'yard, a yard for grape-vines; me^d'6V> any field on which grass is grown for hay; f\eld; la^n; stub'bl^, the part of the stalk of grain left after cutting; pig'sty; tr6^gh(=:f); haj('sta^k; pa^ch; shriib'ber y; sep'a ra'^tor, a device for separating the milk from the cream; he\f 'er, a young cow; stan'gh'jon, a vertical bar for confining cattle in a stall. Look up the meanings of the remaining words in the diction- ary, and mark them diacritically. LESSON 10 Dictation Review. Merino hose are too warm to wear in February, The fire in the grate should be kept burning until Wednesday. The disc plow turns under the stubble^ which is much better than to allow \hQ field \.o become weedy. The mower is sure to be used in place of the scythe to cut the patch near the lawn. The heifer in the meadow fell into a ditch. LESSON 11 Long Sound of "i,' ' as in L "ice," and "y," in ''type." sleight quire eye delight climb iciest tyrant tintype aisle trifle slyly buyer choir lying apply dying tiny guile wry tying si^ik¥, 2 a trick; climb ; ^i^l^; ch(=kw)^ir; ti'ny; quir^, twenty- 18 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER four sheets of paper; i'fi est,' the most icy; tri'fl^, a thing of very little value or importance; ly'ing; gVil^» deceit; ^yV> ty'r<^nt, any master or ruler who uses power to oppress his subjects; sly'ly; ap ply', to put to use; Vry> twisted. Look up the words in the last column, finding their meanings ^nd marking them diacritically. LESSON 12 Products of the Farm. ry© millet potatoes tomatoes oats melons cabbage onions barley timothy beets carrots buck^vheat tobacco rhubarb currants cotton pumpkins lettuce asparagus ryVj o^ts; bar'l^y; bii^k'whe^t; eot't^n; mil'let; meFons; tim'6 thy, a grass used for hay; to bac'co; pump'king; to ma't6^§; 6n'i(=y)6n§; ear'rots; cur'r^nts; as par'a gus. Mark the words in the third column for pronunciation. LESSON 13 Words of opposite Meanings. succeed precede strength weakness repel attract idle busy rude polite forward backward thawed frozen brunette blonde deep shallow wrong right siie 9e^d'; pre ged^'; re pel'; at tract'; rud^; p6 lit^; thaV^d; j fro'z^n; de^p; shal'loV; strength; we^k'nes^; i'dl^; bu(=i)§'y. | Look up the remaining pairs of words in the dictionary, mark- j ing each word diacritically. ^i MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 19 LESSON 14 irals Formed by Adding "s" or "es." Plural Singular Plural sleeves witch witches nieces church churches canoes negro negroes roofs valley valleys Singular sleeve niece canoe roof Rule 1. Most nouns form their plurals by adding s to the singular, but es is added when the word is easier to pronounce than it would be with s. sle^v^; n'jef^; cano^'; roof; he'ro; witch; church; ne'gro; .val'l^y; eriitch. LESSON 15 Articles in a Grocery Store. sugar vanilla kerosene celery yeast chocolate flour cranberries molasses catchup vinegar allspice pickles cocoa bananas bluing raisins sirup mustard coffee s(H-h)ug'ar; ye^st, a preparation for raising dough; mo las'se§; pie'kl^g; raV§'in§; va nil'la; choc'o lat^; ea^ch'iip; eo'eo^; sir'up; ker'o sen^j flour; vin'e gar; ba na'na§; miis'tard. Look up the words in the last column and mark them for pronunciation. equals factor decimal naught multiply LESSON 16 Words from the Arithmetic, figures divide subtract cipher cancel zero example integer digit arable similar parenthesis gill quart quotient e'qual§; fae'tor; de9'i m^l, numbered by tens; na^ 20 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER miirtiply; fig'ur^§; di vid^; sub traet'; 91'pher, the character 0, which, standing alone, stands for nothing; ean'fel, to strike out a number; ze'ro, naught; ex am'plV, in'te ger, a whole number; dig 'it, one of the figures by which all numbers are expressed; ar'a bic, arable figures are the nine digits and the cipher. By using the dictionary, mark the remaining words diacriti- cally and find their meanings. LESSON 17 Some Difficult Small Words. friend error lose loose cushion family- minute stitch dairy grease muscle sieve daisies guess pretty- trough either honest rinse dose friend; cush'Jon; da'j'ry; dai'§i^§; either; er'ror, a mistake; fam'i ly ; gre^sV? g^es^; l^on'est; 1q§^, to be deprived of unwillingly; min'u(=i)t^; mus'^l^? pre(=i)t'ty; rins^, to wash lightly. Mark the remaining words for pronunciation and find their meanings, using the dictionary. LESSON 18 - Terms used in Geography. relief torrid tropics plateau frigid meridian chasm delta degree isle canyon prairie equator altitude isthmus strait longitude channel creek re I'jef, the elevations and surface forms of a country; frig'id, cold; de gre^, a unit of latitude or longitude; e qua'tor; ax'is; MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 21 tor'rid, applied to the tropical region of the earth; me rid'i an^ an imaginary great circle on the surface of the earth, passing through the poles and any given place; i^l^; al'ti tud^, height; lon'gi tud^, the arc between two meridians on the earth; trop'ics; eljfagm, a deep opening in the earth; ean'yon, a deep gorge be- tween high and steep banks, worn by water courses; isl^l^'mus, a neck of land between two bodies of water; chan'nel, a narrow sea between two portions of land. Look up the words in the fourth column in the dictionary, finding their meanings and marking them diacritically. ^ .LESSON 19 Plurals Formed by Changing "y" to "i" and Adding "es." Singular Plural navy navies novelty novelties penny pennies gypsy gypsies fairy fairies to'ry, one in America who favored England's cause at the time of the Revolution; fol'ly; pas'try; en'e my; bran'dy; na'vy; novVl ty, a new or strange thing; pen'ny; gyp'sy; f^V^y* Singular Plural tory tories folly follies pastry pastries enemy enemies brandy brandies LESSON 20 Dictation Review. The church choir walked straight up the aisle ^ singing hymns. A quire of twenty- four loose leaves was used in writing of the wrongs suffered by our heroes in the Isles of the Sea. Never lose a minute in idle folly. The bluing was used in dyeing the pretty sleeves. That factory makes sugar from beets. The canyon 2i\id plateau are shown in relief on the map. 22 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER LESSON 21 Long Sound of " o," as in "old." grocer gourd parole gored sold grown boll sole pole locomotive vocal tolled moment coke soled grosser told soul shoulder groan gro'?er; sold; pol^; mo'ment; told; goijird, a fruit of the melon family; groVnj lo^eo mo'tiv^; €ok^, charred mineral coal; soi^l; gor^d, pierced, as with a horn; sol^; toU^d; gros^'er, more coarse; gro^n. Find the meanings of the words in the third column, and mark them for pronunciation. second fifth twelfth hundredth ninth LESSON 22 Numbers. twenty- one thirtieths sixteenth forty-four thirty-six ninety-ninth million thousandths tenths fourteen eighty- eighths billionths eleventh nineteenths ninetieth see'ond; fifth; twelfth; hiin'dredth; ninth; twen'ty-(+w)6n^; for'ty-foi^r; mir'\i(=y)6n; foi^r'te^n'; e lev'^nth; thir'ti eths; thir'ty-six; thou'§<2ndths; e5^1^'ty-e^^l^t(+t)hs; nin^'te^nths. Look up the numbers in the last column, and mark them diacritically. LESSON 23 The Home. sofa bureau library dinner picture mattress parlor breakfast curtain sheet hydrant supper mirror pillow refrigerator luncheon screen commode scuttle wringer so'fa; pie'tur^; cur't^in; mir'ror; sere^r i; bu'reau(=6); MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 23 mat'tres^; she^t; pil'loV; com modV; din'ner; bre^k'fast; sup'per; lunch'^on; ^ring'er. Look up the words in the third column, finding the meanings of those with which you are not familiar, and mark each word for pronunciation. LESSON 24 Plurals Formed by Changing ' Uf„ tQ u^„ and Adding ' Singular Plural Singular Plural thief thieves beef beeves wife wives sheaf sheaves wolf wolves knife knives wharf wharves elf elves half halves loaf loaves th\ef ; wlf^; wolf; wharf; ha\f ; be^f; she^f, a bundle of grain or straw; ^nlf^; elf; lo^f. LESSON 25 Relating to Races of Men and Government. Caucasian savagery government citizen Negro nomadic chiefs republic Indian barbarous emperor governor Mongolian civilized empress mayor Malay president queen country sav'ag^ ry, the state of being savage; no mad'ic, wandering; bar'ba r^iis, uncivilized; giv'i liz^d, intelligent in arts, learning and civil manners; gov'ern m^nt; chiefs; em'per or, the ruler of an empire; em'pres^, the wife of an emperor, or the female ruler of an empire; que^n, the wife of a king, or the woman ruler of a kingdom; fit'i z^n; re pub'lic; gov'ern or; ma^'or; e^iin'try. Find the meanings of the words in the first column, and mark each word for pronunciation. 24 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER LESSON 26 Railroad Terms. engine throttle ballast freight coupling caboose signal conductor tunnel Biding mileage engineer s'witch trestle cylinder journey wreck piling mogul immigrant en'gin^; e^iip'ling, a device which connects the cars in a train; tun'nel; switch; ^re^k; throt'tl^, the valve of a steam engine worked by a hand lever; ea boos^'; sid'ing, a side track; tres'^l^, a framework of piles and cross-bars for supporting a track; pil'mg, a series of piles; bal'l^st, gravel, broken stone, etc., laid in the bed of a railroad to make it firm and solid; sTg'n li?^; tooth; te^th; mous^; mip^; goo ge^s^; woin'an; wo(=i)m'en; grous^. LESSON 30 Dictation Review, The cotton dol/ is grown on the plant. The groan of the man gored by the deer was heard by twenty - four women. The grocer sold the ninety-ninth loaf. The thief xohh^^ the emperor. 26 MAYNFS SIGHT SPELLER Victoria was queen of England and empress of India. The freight train was wrecked vn the tunnel. The boy cut his second finger with a knife. LESSON 31 Long Sound of "u," as in "use." Tuesd ay- glue music superintendent bluish mute institute suit avenue amuse tune reduce suet bureau pursue fluid induce resume injurious subdue glu^; mut^, silent; amugVj bu'reau(=6); re§umV; mu'§ie; in'stitut^; tun^; pursuV; inju'ri^iis, harmful; supper m tend Vnt, one who directs; su^t; re dugV> to lessen; flu'id, a body whose particles move freely among themselves; siib duV» to overcome. Find the meanings of the words in the first column, and mark them diacritically. poultice patient fever hoarse measles LESSON 32 Relating to Health. dro'wsy hiccough scrofula cough pulse appetite headache colic croup spasms chilblains •whooping cough dandruff malaria sprain po^l'tiQ^, a soft preparation applied to sores; pa'ti(^)nt, one who is being treated for sickness; fe'ver; ho^rs^; me^'§l^§; drow'gy, sleepy; hic'c^ii^W+p); scrof'u la; €ou(=a)gh; puls^; ap'pe tit^; he^d'acl^^; eorie; eroi^p; spa§'m, an unnatural drawing together of the muscles. Look up the words in the last column, finding their meanings and marking them for pronunciation. MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 27 LESSON 33 Trades and Occupations, butcher sailor cooper janitor machinist shepherd mason plumber druggist -weaver law^yer saddler mechanic shoemaker tailor policeman doctor miner florist peddler bu'^ch'er; ma ?hm'ist; drug'gist; me cl^an'ie, one skilled in making machines, etc.; doc'tor; sa'jror; shep'I^erd; we^v'er; sho^'mak/cr; mln'er; cdbp'er, one who makes barrels, etc.; ma's^n, one who builds with stone or brick; la^'yer; taVlor; flo'rist, one who sells flowers. LESSON 34 Fruits and Nuts. almond apple currant pecans orange prune cherry filberts pear apricot lemon "walnuts peach raspberries dewberry hazelnuts plum gooseberry quince cocoanuts aVmond; 6r'a(=e)ng^; p^dr; pe^ch; plum; ap'pl^; prun^; a'pri cot; ragp'ber ri^§; goo§Vber ry; pe can§'; fil'berts; warnuts; ha'z^l niits; co'co^ nuts^. LESSON 35 Short Sound of "a, attack accident imagine hammock anchor lattice cancel captain palace cabin catalogue answer rabbit examine damage attai^k'; ham'mo^k; can'fel; cab'in; as in "cat." fashion scratch valleys hatchet tattoo rab'bit; im ag'in^; 28 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER lat'ti?^, a network made by crossing laths; parap^; an's^er, dam'agV? sera^ch; val'l^ys; ha^ch'et; tat too', to make colored figures on the skin. Look up the words in the second column, finding their mean- ings and marking them for pronunciation. LESSON 36 Articles of Food. preserves sauce salad vineg-ar biscuit toast butter honey- sponge cake sausage cutlet mutton graham bread cranberry sirloin steak soup fillet bacon venison victuals pre §erv^§', fruits prepared for keeping; sai^?^; sal'^d; vm'egar; bis'c^it; to^st; biit'ter; hon'^y; spong^ eak^; sa^'sagV? eiit'let, a piece of meat cut for broiling; gra'l^^m bre^d; sir'loin^ st^ak; fir let, a piece of lean meat without bone; ven'i §6n, the flesh of the deer. Find the meanings of the remaining words, and mark them diacritically. LESSON 37 Words Meaning the Same. forsake desert blame condemn detest loathe erase cancel complete entire business trade receive accept calm serene decent becoming coarse rough for sak^'; de§ert'; detest'; lo^th^; com pletV; en tir^; re ^e^v^'; accept'; de'^^nt^ be eom'ing; blam^j eon demi^'; eras^; can'^el. Look up the remaining pairs of words, marking each word diacritically. MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 29 LESSON 38 Tools and Implements used by the Farmer. scythe wagon mower pitchfork harrow cultivator hayknife w^eeder roller hinge reaper sickle wrench shovel separator tedder hoes hammer thresher wheelbarrow s^ytb^; har'roVj an implement for making the soil fine and leveling the ground; roU'er; French; ho^§; wag'on; eul'ti va^tor; hing^; shov'^l; ham'mer; mo^'er; ha^'f^nlf^; re^p'er; sep'a ra'^tor; thresh 'er. Mark each word in the last column for pronunciation, and find the meanings of the words which you do not know. LESSON 39 Articles in Hardware Store. auger scissors trowel square planes screws pincers tongs knobs wringer kettles furnace hatchet woodenware pliers solder gimlet chisel compasses faucet a^'ger, aninstrument for boring holes; plan^§; ^n6b§;ha^ch'et; gim'let, a small tool for boring holes; siji§'§or§; s€re(=u)V§; Vring'er; wdbd'^nw^r^j chi§'el, a tool with a cutting edge on one end of a metal blade; trow 'el, a small, scoop-shaped garden tool; pm'ferg, an instrument for gripping things; ket'tl^§; pli'er§, small pincers with long jaws; eom'p^s^ e§, instruments for finding directions. Mark the remaining words for pronunciation, and find the meanings of those with which you are not familiar. 30 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER LESSON 40 Dictation Review. He mended the kettles with solder. The mason used a trowel in repairing the damage done to the wall. The boy had cranberry sauce and biscuit for his lunch. The captain brought his boat to anchor. The doctor cured the patient of a hoarse cough. The accident was followed by an attack of fever. The butcher sold a ^^// ajl'm^nt; dumts?; si'knt Place the proper diacritical markings upon the pairs of words remaining, employing the dictionary to correct your workc LESSON 66 Antonyms. banish recall utterly partly endless limited urgent unimportant mental physical sobriety intemperance pollute purify modesty arrogance silly sedate deep shallow ban'ish; recalV; end'les^; lim'it ed; men't^l; phy§'i€<2l; pollut^'; pur'ify; sil'ly; se dat^'; ut'ter ly; part'ly; ur'g^nt; iin^im p6r't<3;nt. Mark the remaining pairs of words for pronunciation, using the dictionary afterward to determine whether you have marked them correctly. 44 MAYNE-S SIGHT SPELLER LESSON 67 Broad ''a,' 'as in "all;" Short Broad "a,' ' as in ** wha awe pawned quality- watched caught gnawed quarrel qualify daughter taught wallow quantity fawned sawed washer quarry gaudy naught waspish wanton " a " is an equivalent of "6." aV^, fear, respect; ea^^I^t; dai^^l^'ter; fa^n^d, flattered meanly; gaijd'y, showy; pa^n^d, given in pledge of money borrowed, or of a debt; ^naw^d; tai^^l^t; saV^d; na^^l^t; waK;ch^d(=t); qual'i fy, to prepare; quan'ti ty; quar'ry; wan'ton, heedless. Mark the words in column three for pronunciation, and find the meaning of waspish. LESSON 68 Prefix "in," means *'not." inactive indelible insane infirm incapable indifferent inorganic inexpert incompetent indirect inhuman inexcusable incorrect inelegant inflexible indivisible indecent inexact informal indisposed in ae'tivV, in ea'pa bl^, in eom'pe t^nt, not competent or fit;, in cor'reet; in de'g^nt, not decent or becoming; in del'i bl^, not deleble, or capable of being erased or removed; in differ ^nt, not making a difference — of a medium state; in^di reef; in el'e- g<2nt; in '"e? act'; in san^; in^'or gan'ie, not having life; in hu'- man; in inflex'ibl^, not flexible; in form'al, not according to rule. Place diacritical marks upon the remaining words in the lesson, and then correct your work by consulting the dictionary. I MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 45 LESSON 69 States of the United States, with Abbreviations. Oregon Ore. Utah Ut. Pennsylvania Pa. Vermont Vt. Rhode Island R. L Virginia Va. Tennessee Tenn. "Washington 'Wash. Texas Tex. "Wisconsin 'Wis. OrV gon (named by Carver, Oregon; i. e.. River of the West); PeniV^syl va'ni a (Penn's woods [Latin sylva^ a wood], named after William Penn, who settled the country in 1681); Rl^od^ I^'l^nd (named from a fancied resemblance to the island of Rhodes); Ten^'n^s seV (Indian, river of the Big Bend); Tex'<3:s; U'tal^; V^r mont' (from French verd^ green, mont^ mountain, green mountains). Place the proper diacritical markings upon Virginia, Wash- ington, and Wisconsin. "Virginia was named in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the ^*' Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made the first attempt to colonize this region; Washing- ton received its name from George Washington^ first president of the United States; Wisconsin is of Indian derivation, and means "wild rushing channel." LESSON 70 Dictation Review. The boy vf2iS Joyous because he was going to visit his aunt at her villa in Florida. The father cherished the gift from his daughter. Habitual intemperance is an inexcusable weakness, Texas is the largest and Rhode Island the smallest of the states of the Union. * ' Two it takes to make a quarrel; One can always end it." Even disease and physical pain did not daunt the brave man. 46 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER He was taught that quality is often more to be desired than quantity. LESSON 71 Arithmetic Lesson. integral common cancellation fractional composite aliquot denominator ratio multiple prime numerator measurement divisible excess simplify avoirdupois principles proceed decimal circle in'te gr^l; eom po§'it^, made up of parts; mul'ti pl^; di vi§'- 1 blV? prin'fi pl^§; eom'mon; al'i quot, a part of a number or quantity which will divide it without a remainder; prim^; ex(=k)- i 9es^'; pro fe^d'; can^^el la'tion; de nom'i na'^tor; nu'mer a'^tor; ; sim'plify; de^'im^l. Mark the remaining words for pronunciation, using the die- ' tionary to find whether your work is correct. i LESSON 72 arduous Ani easy tonyms. haughty humble injury- benefit ideal actual hasten delay indolent industrious hateful lovable famous obscure hideous beautiful partial just ar'du J^iis; e^§'y; in'ju ry; ben'e fit; has'i;^n; de la^'; hat^'ful; \ lov'a bl^; hid'e ^iis; b^^u'ti ful; hai^^l^'ty; hum'bl^; ide'^l;| ae'tu o\, \ Place marks upon the remaining antonyms to indicate pro J nunciation, employing the dictionary to correct your work. ] MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 47 LESSON 73 'd" modified by "r," as in "cire." Equivalent, "e." compare farewell repairing stairway- parent hairy- rarebit swearing plowshare lair scare thoroughfare sharer nig-htmare elsewhere prepare welfare impair sparing heir eom p^r^; p^rVnt; plow'shar^, the part of a plow which cuts the slice of earth or sod at the bottom of the furrow; sh^r'er; wel'far^^; f^r^'^welV; ha^r'y; Id^r, the bed of a wild animal; mdr^; im pa\r', to injure; re pa^r'mg; r^r^bit, a dainty morsel; sear^; els^'wher^; spdr'mg, saving. Mark the words in the final column diacritically, and then correct them by looking them up in the dictionary. LESSON 74 States of the United States, with Abbreviations. Iowa la. Maryland Md. Kansas Kas. Massachusetts Mass. Kentucky- Ky. Michigan Mich. Louisiana La. Minnesota Minn. Maine Me. Mississippi Miss. i'o wa (the French form of an Indian word, signifying "the drowsy" or "the sleepy ones" ) ; Kan's<3:s (Indian, smoky water)', Ken tu^k'y (Indian, at the head of a river); Loia'^i §i an'^ (named after Louis XIV. of France); Ma^n^ (from its ancient name Maenus, Maenis)\ Ma(=e)r'y land (named after Henrietisi Maria, queen of Charles I.); Mas^^<2 chu's^tll;s (Indian, about the great hills, i. e., the " Blue Hills "). Mark Michigan, Minnesota and Mississippi for pronunciation. Michigan is from an Indian word for a weir (a fence of stakes or twigs set in a stream for taking fish); Minnesota is likewise of Indian derivation, meaning cloudy water or whitish water; Mississippi, also from the Indian tongue, means great and long river, , 48 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER LESSON 75 Relating to Vessels. sloop canoe submarine keel cutter yacht capstan" anchor schooner cruiser rudder armor frigate monitor ro'wlocks torpedo galley destroyer propeller davits sloop, a kind of vessel; eiit'ter, a fast-sailing vessel; S€l\^6on'er; fng'atVj gal'l^y, a vessel propelled by oars; ea noV; ya^l^t; eru^- §er, an armed ship; mon'i tor, an iron-clad war vessel, having a revolving turret (so called from the name given by Captain Ericsson to the first vessel of the kind); de stroy'er, a vessel for destroying torpedo-boats; siib^ma rmV» under the sea; cap'stan, a device used in moving or raising heavy weights aboard ship; riid'der, the device by which a vessel is steered when in motion; roV'lo^ks; pro pel'ler, a device for driving a steam vessel for- ward. With the aid of the dictionary, mark the remaining words diacritically, and find the meanings of those with which you are not familiar. LESSON 76 Names of Vegetables. cucumber leeks mushroom squash kale endive cantaloupe peppers cress parsnip radish celery mustard okra caulifloTver garlic rutabaga parsley spinach salsify gar'lie; ru^ta ba'ga, a kind of turnip; pars'l^y; spin'ach(=j); sal'si fy, the vegetable oyster; cu'eiim her; squash; ean'ta lo^pV, pars'nip; mus'tard; le^ks, a vegetable of the onion family; kal^, a sort of cabbage; pep'per; rad'ish; o'kra, a plant whose pods are used for soupSj etc. MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 49 Place the proper diacritical markings upon the words in the final column, and find the meaning of endive and of any of tHe ' other words with whose meanings you are not familiar. LESSON 77 'a" in Unaccented Syllables, ''a;" *' ^^ ^ body; j eondemiii'; eol'iimi^; sol'em^; a^' turnip (note that the names of j the seasons are not capitalized); an'kl^; Vrin'kl^; ban'quet. ' Look up the words in the second column, mark them dia- ; critically and find the definitions of those with which you are not \ familiar. LESSON 159. Architecture. temples veranda frieze veneer monastery lattice vault lavatory gallery arcade balustrade buttress composite Corinthian Gothic Ionic cornice architrave amphitheater minaret tem'pl^§; fr'jez^, any sculptured or richly ornamented band in j a building; mon'as ter y, a convent; vaialt; gal'ler y; ve ran'da; I ve ne^r'; latHig^j lav'a to ry, a place for washing; ar ead^', a long^ arched building or gallery; bal'iis trad^; but'tres^, a projecting | mass of masonry used for support or for ornamentation; com- | p6§'it^, a combination of the Ionic order of architecture grafted \ MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 91 on the Corinthian; €6 rin'thi ^n, an order of architecture invented by the Greeks (illustrations of Corinthian and Ionic columns will be found in the dictionary); Goth'ie, a style of architecture. LESSON 160 Dictation Review. (William Cullen Bryant.) ' 'Truth crushed to earth shall rise again ; The eternal y^dx^ of God are hers; But Error wounded writhes in pain And dies amongYix^ w or shippers T "And look at the broad-faced sun, how he smiles, On the dewy earth that smiles in his ray. On the leapi7ig waters and gay young isles — Ay, look, and he'll smile thy gloom away." "The groves were God's first temples. Ere man learned To hew the shaft and lay the architrave And spread the roof above them; ere he framed The lofty vaults to gather and roll back The sound of anthems^ in the darkling wood, Amid the cool and silence, he knelt down, And offered to the Mightiest solemn thanks And supplication. " any-whera everything something ^wherein inasmuch LESSON 161 The Use of the Hyphen. forasmuch unforeseen sometimes oftentimes meantime wild goose to-day to-morrow^ to-night good-bye looking-glass rocking-chair morning-glory forget-me-not whip-poor-will The first eleven words are compound words, but they do not have the hyphen. Note that the words wild goose are separate 92 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER words, but that when used adjectively, as in wild-goose chase ^ the hyphen is used. a(=e)n'y wher^; ev'er y thing; something; wher^ in'; in^a§- much'; for ''as much'; un^for^ se^n'; s6mVtim^§; of l^^n tim^§^; me^n'tlm^^; wild goos^j to-da^'; to-mor'roV; to-nI^l5^t'; gdbd'^by' (a contraction of God be with ye\ Place the proper diacritical markings upon the remaining words of the lesson. LESSON 162 At the Shoemaker's. calfskin morocco buckskin cordovan chamois counter cobbler dongola pegged cement a^l; sol^; vamp, the upper of a shoe; he^l; up'per§; slip'per§; gaVter§; leg'ging; riis'sets; en am'el^d; ca^'skin'^; bii^k'skin^; ^ham'^i^; cob' bier; peg^^d. Look up the words in the last column in the dictionary, mark them for pronunciation and find the meanings of morocco^ cordovan^ and dongola. awl slippers sole gaiters vamp legging heel russets uppers enameled LESSON 163 Words Often Mispronounced. oftcin progress piazza launch iiearth patriot preface whistle juvenile direct necessary- duty perfume soldier entire stupid pianist library- idea recess of'^^n; hearth; ju've nil^; per'fum^; pi an'ist; prog'res^; pa'tri 6t; di reef; sori^i(=j)er; li'bra ry; lai^nch; whis'^V* du'ty; stu'pid; re ges^. MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 93 I Mark the words in the third column for pronunciation, and then consult the dictionary to find whether your work has been correctly done. LESSON 164 Suffix "ful" means *'full of.' » awful painful eventful wakeful tuneful bountiful changeful spoonful direful cheerful heedful cupful rueful doubtful peaceful useful skillful fitful forceful dutiful Note that the suffix "ful" has but one "1." The syllable " ly " may be added to many of the words, which gives two '* Is," as in * 'skillfully," ''tunefully," etc. aV'ful; tuneful; direful, full of terror; riiVful; skiirful; e vent'ful; changeful; he^d'ful; pe^^^'ful; for^^ful; wak^'ful; spoon'ful; eup'ful; useful; du'ti ful. Look up the words in the second column, marking them dia • critically. LESSON 165 Detached Possessions of the United States, Their Cities and Peoples. Philippines Juneau Klondike Tutuila Guam Ska^way San Juan Manua Hawaii Sitka Honolulu Pago Pago Porto Rico Yukon Manila Filipinos Alaska Nome Luzon Irgottos Phil'ip i?in^§; Gu(=w)am; Ha w^i'i; Por'to Ri'co; A las'k^; Klon'dik^; San J(=Ii)u an'; Ho^no lu'lu; Ma ml'a; Lu zon'; Tu- tui (=:wi)la; Ma nu'a; Pa'go Pa'go; Fil i pin'os; Ir got'tos. Note carefully that there is but one "1" in Philippines^ but that the 94 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER " p " is doubled; while neither the " I " nor the ' p " in Filipinos is doubled. Place the proper diacritical markings on the words in the second column. LESSON 166 Reptiles. snake terrapin salamander viper lizard ne^^t chameleon cobra tadpole iguana rattlesnake boa constrictor turtle crocodile copperhead moccasin tortoise alligator adder anaconda snak^; liz'ard; tad'pol^; tur'tl^, tor't^is^; ter'ra pin;new(=u)t; ig u(=w)a'na; croe'o dilV? al'li ga^'tor; saFa man'^der; cl^a me'- le on; rat'tl^ snak^; cop 'per he^d''; ad'der. Pictures of the rep- tiles named in this lesson will be found in the dictionary. Mark the words in the iinal column for pronunciation, and then, with the aid of the dictionary, correct your work. LESSON 167 Gems and Precious Stones. emerald cameo diamond intaglio amethyst carnelian sardonyx tourmaline " chalcedony carbuncle In olden times gems were given meanings which are still recognized by some in making gifts. o^'^aX (pure thoughts); rii'by (cheerfulness — supposed to warn the wearer of impending danger by changing color); pe^rl (purity and innocence); to'paz (fidel- ity); gar'net (fidelity in every engagement); em'er ^Id (success); di'a mond (pride — concord between husband and wife); am'e- opal onyx ruby beryl pearl jasper topaz turquoise garnet sapphire MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 95 thyst (peace of mind); sar'do nyx; el^al ged'o ny; eam'e o; in ta^r i(=y)6; ear neri(=y)an; t^ur'ma lin^; ear'bun el^. Mark the words in column two diacritically, consulting the dictionary to find whether your work is correct. Onyx is said to be the symbol of reciprocal love; turquoise, success and happi- ness — preservation from contagion; sapphire, purity. Many of the derivations of these words are of interest. Opal is from the Sanskrit for rock^ stone, precious stone ; ruby is from a Latin word meaning reddish ; garnet is from the Latin word for pomegranate^ so called from its resemblance in color and shape to the seeds of the pomegranate; onyx, from the Greek word for claw, di finger nail, and hence, from its color, 2i yellowish precious stone, a veined ge?n ; beryl, from an Arabian word for crystal ; turquoise, from the Latin for Turkey, so called because it first came from Turkey; diamond, from a Greek word meaning the hardest iron or steel ; amethyst, from the Greek for without drunkenness^ from its supposed potency as a remedy for drunk- enness; sardonyx, the Greek for a Sardinian veined gem; chal- cedony, from Chalcedon, a town in Asia Minor; intaglio, from an Italian word meaning to engrave or carve ; carnelian, from the German iot fleshy, so called from its flesh-red color; tourmaline, from a name given to the stone in Ceylon; carbuncle, from the Latin for a little coal, a. bright kind of precious stone. LESSON 168 Number. Singular or Plural. Plural Only, deer odds alms nuptials sheep wages scissors victuals trout series tweezers assets hose amends snuffers ethics gross vermin bellows statistics de^r; she^p; trout; ho§^; gros^, 6d4§; wa'ge§; se'r'ie§; a mend§'; ver'mm; a\m§; s^i§'§or§; twe^^erg; sniif^'erg; bel'loVs. Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, mark them 96 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER for pronunciation, and find the definitions of any with which 3^ou are not acquainted. LESSON 169 Difficult Words. conscious pursuit busily picture precious persuade wholly succeed proceed separate shipwrecked waist commence possession collar cease resource delicate pitcher incidentally €6n's^i(=h)^iis; pre'9i(=h)^us; pro fe^d'; com menp^'; re- so^irg^'; pur suljt'; per su(=w)adV; sep'a rat^; p6§ §es'sion (note that the " s " is doubled in both cases); del'ieat^; bu(=i)§'i ly; ^hol'ly; ship''Vre^k^d(=t)"'; col'lar; pi^ch'er. Mark the remaining words diacritically, using the dictionary to correct your work, and find the meaning of incidentally. LESSON 170 Dictation Review. (Nathaniel Hawthorne.) *' Happiness in this world, when it comes, comes incidentally. Make it the object of pursuit^ and it leads us a wild-goose chase and is never attained ^ " The whole value of the recovered treasure, plate, bullion, precious stones, and all, was estimated at more than two millions o£ dollars. It was dangerous even to look at such a vast amount of wealth. A sea captain^ who had assisted Phips in the enterprise, utterly lost his reason at the sight of it. He died two years after- ward, still raving about the treasures at the bottom of the sea. It would have been better for this man if he had left the skeletons of the shipwrecked Spaniards in quiet possession of their wealth." MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 97 LESSON 171 From the Editorial Page of the Daily Paper. maxim callous pursuance maintain aspirations committee visionary impelled assassination undeniable - privileges plausible perpetuate apolog'izing* monopolies resigned exaggerate credentials principles inaccuracies eal'l^iis; eom mit'te^ (notice that the *' m," " t," and '^ e " are doubled); iin'^de ni'a bl^, not to be disputed; a por© giz^ing; ere- den'ti^ls, those things which give a title to credit or confidence; pur su'^nge, a following out or after; vi'si(=zh)6n a ry, fanciful, unreal; priv'i leg e§ (notice the spelling very carefully; the second syllable is *'i"); mo nop'o li^§, combinations of traders which control the sale of commodities; prin'fi pl^§; majnta^n'; im peH^d'; pla^'§i bl^, apparently right or reasonable; re §i^n^d'; in ae'eu ra 91^5, errors. Look up the words in the first column, mark them for pro- nunciation, and find their meanings. LESSON 172 From the Advertising Pages of the Daily Paper. bargain seersucker challenge repaired prettiest jardiniere comparison hosiery- patterns manicure special refrigerators cheviots warranted cutting veterinary crochet easel announcement upholstery bar'ga(=e)lin; pre(=i)t'ti est; pat'tern§; chev'i ots, woolen cloths for men's clothing; cro ?heV; chal'leng^; com par'i son; spe'ci^l; eiit'ting; an noun^V^^^iit* notice; repd'jr^d'; ho'- si(=zh)er y; re frig'er a^tor§, devices for keeping food and other articles cool; vet'er i na ry, relating to the treatment of the diseases of domestic animals; iip hol'ster y, the business or work of furnishing rooms, etc« , with hangings, coverings, cushions, etc. 7 98 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER Look up the words in column two, mark them diacritically, i and find their definitions. \ LESSON 173 From the Advertising Pages. implements stationery balances glazier underwear aluminum atomizer securities ammunition amateur cigarette plaques chemicals artificial essence cylinders saddles clevises doilies syringes j im'ple m^nts; un'der w^^r^; am'^mu ni'tion; el^em'i ea\^; sad'- \ dl^§; sta'tion er y, writing materials; a lu'mi niim, a white, very \ light metal; am'a t^ur, one who pursues any study or art for) pleasure, but not for profit; ar^ti fi'cial, not natural; elev'is e§, j parts of the tongues of plows or wagons, used to attach them to I draft chains, whififletrees, etc.; hal'ang e§; af'om I'zer, an instru- 1 ment for reducing a liquid to spray for cooling, perfuming, etc.; ] 9ig^aret\^s'; es's^n?^, perfume; doi'li^§, small napkins. Mark the remaining words for pronunciation, using thel dictionary, and find the meanings of those which are new to you. \ LESSON 174 \ From the Want Column of the Daily Paper, j manager stenographer frontage massage \ contractor correspondence adjacent specialist j optician acquainted barreled chiropodist \ bottler preferred tenant mattresses fitter conveniences competent miscellaneous 1 man'^ ger; eon trae'tor; op ti'cian, one who fits eyes withj glasses; bot'tler; fit'ter; ste nog 'ra pher, a shorthand writer;' eor'^re spondVng^ (notice that the suffix is " ^nce" ), intercourse between persons by means of letters; ae quaint 'ed; pre ferif^d'; MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 99 eon ven'i(=y)^n pi^§; front'ag^, the extent of front; ad ja'f^nt, near, next; bar'rel^d; ten'^nt; eom'pe t^nt, capable, fit. Mark the remaining words for pronunciation, correcting your work with the aid of the dictionary, and find the meanings of those with which you are not familiar. LESSON 175 In the Furniture Store. suite corduroy rocker chiflfbnier velours antique Davenport commode upholstered mahogany ornamental cabinets couches divan mantel tabouret tapestries Morris fasteners rattan su(=w)it^, a set, as of furniture; v^ loi^r^, a velvety fabric; up hol'ster^d; eouch'e§; tap'es tri^§, embroideries; eor'du roy^; an tiq(=k)^V> old, old-fashioned; mahog'any; divan', a large, low sofa or couch; Mor'ris (the chair invented by the English inventor of this name); ro^k'er; Dav'en port (from the name of the original maker), a kind of small writing table; or'^na men't^l; man't^l, a shelf above a fireplace; fas'^^n er§. Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, mark them diacritically, and find the meanings of those with which you are not acquainted. LESSON 176 At a Baseball Game. pitcher bleachers innings league catcher hitter champion umpire fielder bases batting visitors center tallies support earned coaching striking sacrifice scores ble^ch'er§; hit'ter; bas'e§; tarii^§; strik'ing; in'ningg; cham'- 100 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER pi on; bat'ting; sup port'; sae'ri fic(=z)^; le^gi^^, iim'pir^; vi§'it- or§; e^rn^d; s€or^§. Place the proper diacritical markings upon the first five words of the lesson, using the dictionary. LESSON 177 I Meaning Distinguished by Accent. \ \ accent expert digest object | invalid compact perfect incense abstract gallant converse frequent ] minute compound contest ferment 1 convict produce insult precedent j ae'fent^, a mark to indicate pronunciation (noun); ac ^ent', to | utter or to mark with accent (verb); in val'id, having no force or j effect; in'va lid, one weakened by sickness; ab'straet^, a summary, j as of a book or statement; ab straet', to consider by itself; \ min'u(=i)t^, the sixtieth part of an hour; mi nutV, very small; j eon'vict, one lawfully sentenced to punishment for some crime | (noun); eon viet', to prove or find guilty of an offense or crime j charged (verb); di'gest, a summary of laws (noun); digest', to \ work over and classify — to prepare the food for conversion into \ blood (verb); per 'feet, faultless (adjective); perfect', to make] perfect — to finish (verb); eon vers^', to talk (verb); eon'vers^, conversation (noun); eon test', to dispute (verb);e6n'test, earnest dispute— competition— conflict (noun); in'siilt, abuse (noun); , in suit', to abuse (verb); 6b jeet', to oppose in words or argument \ (verb); 6b 'jeet, something that may be seen or felt (noun); in'pens^, j the materials used for the purpose of producing perfume when ] burned (noun); in gens^', to provoke (verb); fre quent', to visit \ often (verb); fre'qu^nt, happening often (adjective); fer'm^nt. "\ that which causes to ferment (noun); fer ment', to cause fer- ] mentation in (verb); preg'e d^nt, an example (noun); pre gedVnt, '\ going before (adjective). j Proceed similarly with the words in the second column, using the dictionary. MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLE|l /.'•,';,,; i" Mi'.' LESSON 178 Civil Service Test. sugar breadth guess people pledge sheet threat require cashier easily diamond grease figure frontier visit answer carrying patience repair exist Many of the positions under the United States Government are obtained bypassing Civil Service examinations. Ihe above is a sample list of words used as a test for the third grade in the Civil Service. There are three grades established: The first grade is the most difficult, the second grade is less difficult, and the third grade is the easiest. Besides spelling, candidates in the third grade are tested in arithmetic, letter writing, penman- ship, and copying from plain copy. The words are dictated with definitions, as follows: Sugar : A sweet substance made from the juice of the sugar cane. Pledge: Something given as security. Cashier: One who has charge of money in a bank. Figure : A mark repre- senting a number. Carrying : Conveying or transporting in any way. Breadth : The measure from side to side. Sheet : The amount of paper made in one body or piece; as, a sheet of paper. Easily: In an easy manner. Frontier: The border or limits of a country. Patience : The state or quality of being patient. Guess : The act of guessing; as to guess at one's weight. Threat : The act of threatening; as, to make a threat. Diamond: A precious gem. Visit: To go to see; as, to visit a friend. Repair : To mend or make over; as, to repair clothes. People : The body of persons composing a nation; as, the American people. Require: To be in need of; as, to require money. Grease : Soft animal fat. Answer : To reply to; as, to answer a letter. Exist : To live; as, to exist in poverty. s(+h)ug'ar; ple^g^; cashier';- fig'ur^; car'ry ing; breadth; she^t; e^§'i ly; pe^'pl^, re quir^; gre^s^; an's^er; ej'ist. W^^cJ;'' MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER i LESSON 179 I *' Im," *' il," '* ig," and " ir," are forms of '* in," and mean *' not." | i impure illiberal ignoble irresolute impatient illogical ignominy irreverent I immortal illegal ignore irregular impossible illiterate ignorance irrevocable impartial illimitable ignominious irresistible im pur^; im pa'ti^nt; im mor't^l, not subject to death; im pos'- 1 si bl^; im par'ti^l; illib'er^l; illog' i € pro gres^, from/r^ — forth — and^ra«^i ; — to step; per'^se ver^', per — through — and severe; pro du?^', \ pro — forth — and ducere — to lead — to bring forward; per en'ni ^1, \ per — through — and annus — year, — that lasts the whqle year \ through; pre gisV? P^^ — before — and ccedere — to cut, — cut off, ; brief; pro fesVor (note that there is but one/), pro — before, for- ; ward — and fateri — to confess, own, — one who makes known his opinions, one who teaches in a particular branch of learning; pre'am^bl^, pre — before — and ambulare — to walk, — that which walks before, hence, an introduction. Proceed similarly with the words in the third column, using the dictionary. LESSON 195. Words from Bryant's '* Thanatopsis." images hoary- continuous elements agony brood innumerable individual visible infinite departure insensible mould seers solitudes breathless couch phantom magnificent quarry im'ag e§; ag'o ny, suffering, distress; vi§'i blV» moisjild; couch; \ ho^r'y, white, brood; in'fi nit^, boundless, eternal; se^r§, proph- | ets; phan'tom, that which only appears to exist; contin'u^iis; j in nu'mer a bl^, countless, of great number; de par'tur^, going \ away, death; sol'i tud^§, lonely or hidden places; mag nif 'i f^nt, ! grand in appearance. Look up the words in the final column in the dictionary, mark- ; ing them for pronunciation, and find the definitions of any which \ may be new to you. j MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 111 LESSON 196 Vehicles. buggy cutter omnibus tallyho carriage phaeton landau surrey wagon chaise 4;rolley-car democrat sleigh diligence automobile buckboard chariot curricle barouche runabout bug'gy; ear'ri^g^; wag'on; sle'jfel^^; char'i 6t; eut'ter, a small, light, one-horse sleigh; pha'e ton (from Phaethon, the son of Phoebus); 9ha'(§^, a two- wheeled carriage; di(=e)'li(=e)- g(=zh)e(=a)N9V> ^ four-wheeled public stage coach, used in France; eur'ricl^, a two-wheeled chaise drawn by two horses abreast; om'm bus, a long, four-wheeled carriage, seating many people; lan'dai^ (from the town Landau, in Germany), a four- w^heeled, covered vehicle, the top of which is divided into two sections, which can be let down or thrown back so as to make an open carriage; trol'l^y-ear; au^to mo'bile (notice where the accent is in this word); ba roia^h^', a four-wheeled carriage, with a falling top, a seat on the outside for the driver, and two double seats on the inside, arranged so that the sitters on the front seat face those on the back seat. Mark the remaining words diacritically, using the dictionary, and find the meanings of those with which you are not acquainted. LESSON 197 Geography of France, Spain and Portugal. Marseilles Bordeaux Calais Lyon Havre Mar sem^§; vre(=^r), the Seine Bastille Versailles Tuileries Bourse Cadiz Pyrenees Gibraltar Madrid Alhambra Cape Verde Portuguese Madeira Azores Mediterrane an B6rdeaux(=o)'; £si'la\k'); Ly(=e)/6N'; Ha'- French for harbor, port\ Se(=a)5n^; Bas fillV, 112 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER ' ' V^r s^me^'; €ad'iz (Spanish pronunciation, €a Di[=e]z[=th], from Latin Gades^ a corruption of Phoenician Gadir^ meaning shut in ^ inclosed)', PyrV ne^§; Gi bral'tar (Arabian, Jebel al Tarik, mountain of Tarik, a Moorish general, who, in A. D. 712, conquered this place); M^ drid'. (Spanish pronunciation, Ma Drid'). Place the proper diacritical markings upon the remaining words. Portuguese is a derivative of Portugal, which is a cor- ruption of Partus Cat, the harbor of Ca/, the original name of the modern city of Oporto, afterward transferred to the kingdom itself; Madeira is the Portuguese name for timber, wood^ so ; named from having been originally very woody; Azores is from the Portuguese * ' adores," hawks, so called from the great number of hawks found there; Mediterranean is from the Latin medius,^ terra, from being, as it were, in the middle of the land. LESSON 198 Words used in Business. assets judgment commercial recommend resources teleg-ram business acknowledgment accrued wholesale concede convenience freight syndicate warranty correspondent inventory dunning acceptance occurrence as'sets, the entire property of all sorts, belonging to a person, corporation, or estate; re so^r^'eg, money, or any property that can be changed into supplies; ae eru^d', added as profit, as interest upon money loaned; fre^^l^t; in'ven to ry, a list of goods or valuables, with their estimated worth — the annual account of stock taken in any business; jii^g'm^nt (note that the final e is dropped when the suffix ment is added to judge), the sentence of ; a court — applied to a debt, a debt secured to the creditor by a ^ judge's order; tel'e gram; Vhol^sal^^; syn'di cat^, an association of persons having authority to carry on some business; dun'- ning, asking one who owes to pay; rec^om mend'; ae J^noVl'e^g- MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 113 m^nt (note that when the suffix iiient is added to the verb form the final e is dropped); eon ven'i(=y)^n9^, opportunity; eor^re- spondVnt; oe eur'r^n?^ (notice that both the c and r are doubled and that the suffix is to lead or bring in— to MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 129 lead to and make known by formal announcement; ed'u eat^, to lead forth or bring up a child — to instruct, to teach; die'tat^, to say to another what he shall write — to command; die ta'tor, one who dictates; die'tion, choice of words for speaking — style; die'- tum, a short, pithy, instructive saying ; pre die'tion, the act of telling beforehand; in^'ter diet', that which is said between^ or interposed — a prohibition; eon^tra die'tion, that which is spoken against — denial; val'^e die'to ry, a saying farewell — an address spoken at commengement in American colleges; ben^'e die'tion, the act of saying good or blessing — a blessing; maKe die'tion, the act of speaking ill^2i cursing. The root due ere has the following forms in English words: duCy duett and ducat. The root dicere commonly appears in English words as diet. Look up the words in the second column, marking them care- fully for pronunciation, and find their meanings, noting changes that have occurred. LESSON 223 Civil Service Test. ne"wspaper vehicle assign withhold exceed peaceable conceal diligent manual eager benefit offered eighth cellar awning station Wisconsin delicate forward minute The above is a sample list of words used for testing the ability to spell of those who wish positions under the United States Government. These words are for the second grade. Newspaper: A printed paper that gives the news. Exceed: To surpass or go beyond; as, to exceed one's authority. Manual : Done with the hands; as, manual labor. Eighth : Next in order after seventh. Wisconsin : One oi the United States. Vehicle : That in which anything may be carried. Peaceable : Gentle or peaceful. Eager: Keenly desirous; as, eager to go. Cellar: A storeroom under a house. Delicate: Very nice; as, a delicate 9 130 'MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER flower. Assign: To set apart; as, to assign to duty-% Conceal:] To hide or secrete; as, to conceal valuables. Benefit : Advantage j or profit. Awning: A cover spread for shade. Forward: To1 send toward a destination; as, to forward mail. Withhold: To ''_ hold back; as, to withhold one's pay. Diligent: Busy or active; \ as, a diligent clerk. Offered: Presented for acceptance or! rejection. Station : A stopping place; as, a railway station, i Minute : The sixtieth part of an hour. \ new(=u)§'pa^per; ex(=k) ge^d'; man'u a\\ e5^1^t(+t)h; Wis- 1 con'sin; as si^n'; con ge^l'; min'u(=i)t^; ben'e fit; aVn'ing; for'- i wa(=e)rd; with hold'; dil'i g^nt; offered; sta'tion. \ Place the proper diacritical markings upon the words in | column two, using the dictionary. \ LESSON 224 Latin Kooi pellere^ "to drive" or "strike;" //^V^r^?, "to fold.' repulsion propulsion impulsive compulsion pelting expulsive propeller dispel repellent repulsive simplify multiplex deploy employer perplex implicit multiplication j supplication \ complexion \ accomplice Forms oipellere in English are; pel^ puls^ 2in6.pelt, Forms of plicarein English are: plic, pli, ply , pie, ploy ^ sindplex. re pul'sion, the act of driving back — a feeling of disgust; pro- piil'sion, the act of driving forward ox: away; im pul'siv^, having the power of driving^ moving — moved by impulse; com pial'sion, the act of driving or urging by force— constraint; pelt'ing, strik- ing with something thrown or drive7i ; ex pul'siv^, having the power of driving out or away; pro pel'ler, that which drives for- ward— di^ the contrivance for propelling a steam vessel; dis pel', to drive away by scattering, or to clear away; re pel' knt, driv- ing back ; re pul'siv^, driving back ; sim'pli fy, to make simple; miirti plex, y^/^i? Bur'^me§V; Qe^ Ion' (from Portuguese Selen^ or Ceilao^ a corruption of a word meaning the island of the lions)\ Gan'ge§ (Hindoo for great river); Derhi (Hindoo ion quicksand); Bral^^- m.a pu'tr^; Him a'l^ ya (often pronounced Him a la'ya). Mark the remaining words for pronunciation, using the dic- tionary, and find the meanings of those with which you are not famihar. LESSON 234 Geography of Asia (continued). Tokio Manchuria Beloochistan Confucius Yokohama Korea Teheran Buddhists Mikado Seoul Iran Brahmanists jinrikisha Tibet Mecca Bedouin Vladivostok Afghanistan Mohammed Irkutsk Man chu'ri(=^2///; Abraham, /«//^(?r ^/ ^ multitude of people ox peoples', Isaac signifies laughter. LESSON 236 Words from the Bible. Gomorrah Goliath Hannah Jeremiah Isaiah Iscariot Magdalene Manasseh Methuselah Michael Mordecai Tubal-cain Shiloh Philippians Ephesians hallelujah mianna epistle Thessalonians Pentateuch Go m6v'v2}\ {submersion or woodland)'. Go li'<2th {expeller)', Han'nal^ {grace sprayer)', Jer e mi'al^ {exalted by G^^^); I §a'i(=y)al^ {salvation of Jehovah)', Is car'i 6t {man of Kerioth); Mag^'da le'ne (native of Magdala[=tower]); Ma nks,' se\{ forgetting ov?7taking to forget); Me thu's^ lal^ {man of offspring); MM £^e\ {who is as, or like, God?); haKle lu'j(=y)al^ {praise ye Jehovah); man'na, the food supplied to the Israelites in their journey through the wil- derness of Arabia; e pis'y^, one of the letters in the New Testa- ment which were directed to their Christian brethren by the Apostles (never confuse the words epistle and apostle); Thes'^sa- lo' ni ^n§; Pen'ta t^uel^ {five books), the first five books of the Old Testament collectively. Place the proper diacritical markings upon the words in the third column. The word Philippians means inhabitants of Philippi, and is in no way related to the Philippine Islands, MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 139 LESSON 237 Geography of Africa. Boer Abyssinia Cairo Tanganyika Egyptian Morocco Pretoria Nyassa Soudan Tripoli Johannesburg Sierra Leone Sahara Madagascar Kilima-Njaro Kongo Algeria Mozambique Nyanza Suez Bo^r, a colonist or farmer in South Africa of Dutch descent; E gyp'ti^n;^So^^dan' {the land of the blacks); Sa hdJva (Arabian, a deserty; Al ge'ri a; Ab'yg sin'i a (Arabian, a mixed race or people); Mo roe'co; Trip'^ li; WaA^a gas'€<3:r; Mo zava biq(=k)^^' (from its native name Masambeek^ or Mazambeek)\ C^i'ro (from an Arabian word meaning "the victorious") (Cairo in the United States [Illinois] is pronounced with the long sound of a)\ Pre- t6r'i(=e)^; J(=y)o han'nesburg; KiKi(=e)-man'^jar5'; Ny an'z^. Look the remaining words up in the Pronouncing Gazetteer of the dictionary, and mark them carefully for pronunciation. LESSON 238 Some Recent Inventions. telephone microphone phonograph graphophone receiver transmitter automobile bicycle motorcycle selfbinder Nernst light electric meter wireless telegraph cyclometer gatling gun gas engine automatic venders incubator tel'e phon^ {sound at a distance^ literally); mi'ero phon^ {s7?tall sound or voice) ^ an instrument for intensifying and making aud- ible very feeble sounds; pho'no graph (that which writes sounds); graph'6 phonV? re fe^v'er, that part of a telephone apparatus at which the message is received and made audible; trans mit'ter, 140 MAYNFS SIGHT SPELLER that portion of a telegraphic or telephonic instrument by means of which a message is sent; a^'^to mo'bil^ {that which moves of itself )\ bi'fy cl^; mo'tor py'^el^; self bind' er, a machine which binds automatically; Nernst li^l^t, a recent lamp for illumination; ai^^to mat'ie vend'er§; e lee'trie me'ter, an instrument for measur- ing the amount of electricity consumed; wir^'les^ te leg'ra phy, a system of telegraphy without wires; ^y elom'e ter, an instru- ment for registering distances traveled, as upon a bicycle. Look up the remaining words, mark them for pronunciation, and find their meanings. The gatling gun received its name from the inventor, R. J. Gatling. LESSON 239 In Mythology. griffln argonauts Achilles -ffiolus ambrosia harpies Adonis Ceres Sphinx centaurs JEneas Cyclops Hyperion phoenix Scylla Hesperides Psyche Bacchus Charybdis naiades ar'go na^ts, any one of the legendary Greek heroes who sailed to Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, in search of the Golden Fleece; har'pi^§, fabulous winged monsters, ravenous and filthy, having the faces of women and the bodies of vultures, with long claws and faces pale with hunger; 9en'tai^r§, fabulous beings, represented as half man and half horse; ph^e'nix, a bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes — hence, an emblem of immortality; Bac'- cl^iis, the god of wine; A d^il'leg, the hero of Homer's Iliad : A do'nis, a beautiful boy loved by Venus; ^e ne'<3;s, the hero of Virgil's j^Eneid ; S^yl'la (a dangerous rock on the Italian coast), fabled to be a sea nymph changed by Circe into a monster en- circled by barking dogs; €l^a ryb'dis (a dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily opposite Scylla on the Italian coast), personi- MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 141 fied as a female monster (the passage between Scylla and Charybdis was formerly considered perilous — hence the saying "Between Scylla and Charybdis," signifying a great peril on either hand); )^e'6 lus, the god of the winds; f e're§, the goddess of corn and tillage; fy 'clops (this word has the same form for the singular and plural), one of a race of giants, having but one eye, and that in the middle of the forehead; Hes per'i de§, the daughters of Hesperus, or Night, and fabled possessors of a garden producing golden apples— also, the garden said to pro- duce the golden apples; na'i(=y)ad e§, water nymphs. Look up the words in the first column in a similar manner, marking them diacritically, and find their signification in myth- ology. LESSON 240 Dictation Review. (William Shakespeare.) *' The better part of valor is discretion^ " Corruption wins not more than honesty." " For 'tis the mind that makes the body rich; And as the sun breaks through the darkest clouds So honox peereth in the meanest habit." " There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune ; Omitted, all the voyage of their Hfe Is bound in shallows and in miseries^ " Sweet are the uses of adversity, Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous, Wears yet 2^ precious jewel 'wi his head; And this our life, exempt from public haunt, Finds tongues in trees, books in running brooks. Sermons in stones, and good in everything." EIGHTH GRADE LESSON 241 Review of Rules of Spelling. Rule I. — Most nouns form their plurals by adding ** s " to the singular, but '* es " is added when the word is easier to pronounce than it would be with "s." wagon wagons accident accidents axiom axioms myriad myriads defense defenses annex annexes incident incidents glimpse glimpses privilege privileges labyrinth labyrinths absence absences bureau bureaus village villages instance instances particle particles gas gases textile textiles speech speeches whoop whoops column columns wag'on (be careful to spell with one g)\ ax'i 6m, a self-evi- dent truth; defens^; in'91 d^nt; priv'ileg^; ab's^n?^; vil'lag^; par'ti €% tex'til^; Vlioop; ae'gi d a promise to an- swer for the payment of some debt in case of the failure of another person who is liable to such payment; ac com'^mo da'tion (note that the third syllable is m^); mo nop' o ly, the sole control of the trade in anything; eom'merp^, trade; ap prox'i mat^, nearly exact; con vefan^^ (notice that the suffix is ance), transfer of owner- ship; in den'tur^, a mutual agreement in writing between two or more parties; com'pli ments, regard, in a business sense; as, a gift with the compliments of a firm; con sol'i dat^, to combine, as differ- ent manufactories of the same kind; cal'en dar (notice that the final syllable is d<3;r), an orderly list of persons or things; liq(=k)'- u(=w)i dat^, to pay off, as an indebtedness; pro'ge^dg, the sum received from a sale or transaction; en'vel op^; li'f^ns^ (observe carefully the spelling of the second syllable, <:enje), a formal permission from the proper authorities to carry on a cer- tain business, which would be illegal without such permission. Look up the first five words of the lesson in the dictionary, marking them with care for pronunciation, and find the definitions of those which are new to you. MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 153 LESSON 256 Words from the United States Constitution. equity controversies grievances government attainder forfeiture disparage accusation adhering abridging jeopardy prosecuted supreme peaceably compelled compulsory exemption redress application ratification eq(=k)'u(=w)i ty, a system of laws supplemental to law prop- er; at ta^n'der, the loss of the civil rights of a person because of a death sentence or state of outlawry; ad her'ing (note that the final ^ is dropped when the suffix ing is added), holding to; su prem^', highest in authority, as the Supreme Court of the United States; ex emp'tion, freedom from a charge or burden imposed upon others; eon'tro ver^si^§, disputes, disagreements; for'f^i tur^, the loss of some right, privilege, honor, or office, by an offense, crime, or other act; a bri^g'mg (notice that the e is dropped when the suffix is added), making shorter, diminishing, lessening; pe^gV^- t>ly (note that the e is retained in this word be- fore the sn^x ably)', re dresV> a setting right, as of wrong, in- jury, or oppression; gr^ev' anq, e§, causes of complaint, wrongs done and suffered; dis par'ag^, to undervalue, to detract from; je^p'ard iz^, to expose to loss or injury; com peH^d', forced, obliged; ap'^pli ea'tion. Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, mark them for pronunciation, and find the meanings of those with which you are not familiar. LESSON 257 Review of Rules of Spelling. Rule J. — Monosyllables and other words accented on the last syllable whiwh end in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel. 154 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER Note, — Words not having the conditions given in the rule do not have the consonant doubled. The word may not be accented on the last syllable, it may not end in a single consonant, the consonant may not be preceded by a single vowel, or the suffix may not begin with a vowel. excellent permitted inferred ' developing traveling meriting" conquered summoning redden equaling kidnaped banqueting reddening cramming STvimmer baggage equaled remodeled fitting benefiting ex(=k)'9el l^nt; per mit'ted; in feri^^d'; de vel'op ing; trav'el- ing; mer'it ing; siim'mon mg; e'qu^l ing; kid'nap^d(=t); ban'- quet ing; €on'q(=k)tier^d; red'd^n; red'd^n ing; eram'ming; swim'mer. Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, marking them diacritically. LESSON 258 Rule 5 (continued). rubbed barreled fitted transferred appareled submitted benefited -wrapped quarreler occurrence planned developed expelled reference extolling offering expulsion controlled acquittal suffered Tell in each case how the rule applies, or how it does not apply. bar'rel^d (or barre//ed); siib mit'ted; 6e cur'r^n?^; ref'er- eTL^\\ controH^d'; fit'ted; ben'e fit ed; plani^^d; ex tol'ling, praising; ae quit't^l, a setting free from a debt or obligation; trans ferif^d'; Vrap|?^d(=t); de ver6p^d(=t); offer ing; suffered. Look up the first five words of the lesson, mark them for pro- nunciation, and find the meanings of any with which you are not familiar. MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 155 LESSON 259 Abbreviations. Aet. aged L. S. Place of the seal A. B. Bachelor of Arts tr. transpose LL.D . Doctor of Laws d. or dele . take out D.D. Doctor of Divinity wf. wrong font A.M. Master of Arts sc. to wit Ph. D. . Doctor of Philosophy Cap. capital D.V. God willing vid. see et al. and others ib. or ibid . in the same place id. the same incog. unknown Ital. Italic I. H. S. Jesus the Savior of Men LESSON 260 Dictation Review. (Charles Dickens.) ^^ Christmas is the only holiday of the year that brings the whole human family into common communion. The only time in the long calendar of the year when men and women seem, by one consent, to open their shut-up hearts freely." *' The one serviceable ^ safe, certain, remunerative ^ attainable quality in every study and every pursuit is the quality of atten- tion. My own invention, or imagination, such as it is, I can most truthfully assure you, would never have served me as it has but for the habit of common-place, humble, patient, daily, toiling, drudging attention." LESSON 261 Wotds Used in Business. collateral discrepancy deferred bushel abbreviate mucilage statement tonnage embezzlement commission copyright soliciting afiQdavit infringement auditor barrel notary ratify schedule discretion 156 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER €61 lat'er a\, security for the performance of agreements, or the payment of money, besides the principal security (note that the /in this word is doubled, but that there is but one /); ab bre'- vi at^ (notice that the d is doubled), to reduce by omission, as words and terms used in business; em bez'zl^ m^nt, the act of wrongfully applying to one's own uses property intrusted to one's care; af '^fi da'vit (note that the second syllable is f/j, a sworn statement in writing; no'ta ry, a public officer who certifies deeds and other writings (usually called a notary public)\ dis crep'^n- 9y (notice that the third syllable is «n), disagreement, difference; mu'91 lagV? €om mis'sion (both the m and the s are doubled), the allowance made to an agent for transacting business for another; in fringVm^nt (be careful to retain the e in the second syllable), trespassing, as upon a patent, copyright (or other special privi- lege); rat'i fy, to confirm, as a contract or agreement; bush'el; ton'nag^, the amount of weight which one or several vessels may carry; so lig'it ing, seeking to obtain custom; bar'rel; dis cre'tion, carefulness, the exercise of one's judgment. Mark the words in the third column diacritically, using the dic- tionary to find whether your work is correct, and find the mean- ings of those with which you are not acquainted. LESSON 262 Review of Rules of Spelling, 7?2^/i?<5.— ***rbetore 'e' Except after 'c' Or when sounded as *a* As in ^neighbor' and 'weigh'." Think of pronouncing c prolonged to ce. This will help you to remember that e follows c, A list of the exceptions to the rule is given on page 81. piece reprieve believe perceive heifer ^wield conceive grievous deceive sovereign seize thieving siege frieze ceiling "weird niece shriek counterfeit conceit MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 157 Tell in each case whether the word is in accord with the rule or is an exception to it. th^iev'ing; frljezV, we'jrd; shrljek; eon ge\V; n\eg^; be l\ev^'; heif- er; eon ge'ivV; de fe^v^'; re prljevV, to delay the punishment of; per ge^vV; wljeld, to handle, manage; grjev'^us; sov'er kji^n. Look up the words in the first column of the lesson, marking theu^ carefully for pronunciation. LESSON 263 Rule 6 (continued). forfeit perceive fierce aggrieve receive leisure retrieve species besieged liege relieve deceitful chieftain inveigh heir surfeited thieved relief seizure neither Pick out the exceptions to the rule in the above lesson. for'f^it; re^e^v^'; bes'ieg^d'; chljef't^in; th^ev^d; f^erp^; re- trljevV, to recover, repair; re IJev^'; l^e'ir; seV2(-(-h)ur^; ag gr^ev^', to give pain or sorrow to; spe'9(+h)'je§, kind, class; de ge'jt'ful; sur'f^it ed, overfed, so as to produce sickness or uneasiness; neither. Mark the words in the second column for pronunciation, cor- recting your work with the aid of the dictionary. LESSON 264 Additional Words from the United States Constitution. tranquility exceed secrecy naturalization defense apportioned quorum appropriations posterity electors disapproved insurrection requisite concurrence privileged extraordinary executive immediately emoluments misdemeanor 158 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER trail quil'li ty (do not fail to double the /), state of peace; de fensV) protection in time of war or threatened danger to the nation; pos ter'i ty, succeeding generations; req(=k)'u(=w)i git^, that which is required or is necessary; e? ec'u tiv^, the president — pertaining to the carrying into effect of the laws (as the execu- tive department)', ex fe^d'; ap por'tion^d, divided and distributed proportionally; e lee'tors, persons chosen by vote of the people to elect the president and vice-president; eon cur'r^n?^ (note that the r is doubled), agreement or consent; im me'di at^ ly, at once; se'ere gy; quo'rum, such a number of the members of a govern- mental body as is competent, by constitution, to transact busi- ness; dis^'ap proved', being refused official approval; prjv'i leg^d, enjoying a special right, advantage, or freedom from duty; e mol'u m^nts, the profits arising from office. Mark the remaining words for pronunciation, using the dic- tionary to correct your work, and find their meanings. Give spe- cial attention to the pronunciation of extraordinary ; notice that misdemeanor has but one s. LESSON 265 Words from Agricultural Papers. proteid breeding manure rQiddlings nitrogenous cereals fertilizers pedigree carbohydrates cellulose gypsum phosphates ensilage centrifugal irrigation guano bacteria dairying loamy saltpeter pro'te id, a class of food represented by the gluten of wheat, the albumen of eggs and the casein of milk; nitrog'e n^iis (notice the pronunciation carefully), nitrogenous foods are such as are rich in proteids; ear ''bo hy'drat^s, a class of food represented by the sugars and starches; en's! lag^, the fodder preserved in a silo; bae te'ri a (the singular form of this word is bacterium), very minute vegetable organisms; bre^d'ing, the raising or improving MAYNFS SIGHT SPELLER 159 of any kind of domestic animals; ^e're al§, grains; 9e^^u losV. the substance (a carbohydrate) which is the principal part of the solid framework of plants; fen trif'u gal (notice that the accent is upon the second syllable), tending or causing to recede from the center (centrifugal force is used in separating the milk from the cream by means of commercial separators); da^ry ing; ma- nur^, any matter which makes land productive; fer'ti li^zer§, those things which make land fertile; gyp'sum, a mineral used to make plaster of Paris; ir'^ri ga'tion, the operation of causing water to flow over lands for nourishing plants; lo^m'y, like loam, which is a soil composed of a mixture of clay and sand, with or- ganic matter to which its fertility is chiefly due. Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, mark them diacritically, and find the meanings of those with which you are not familiar. LESSON 266 Words Used in Business, stenographer confidential opportunity reciprocity amanuensis average preference supersede responsibility collector privilege gratuitous chattel package pursue illegible pecuniary tenant equivalent exchequer ste nog'ra pher; a man'^u en'sis, a person whose employment is to write what another dictates; re spon'^si bil'i tv, the state of being answerable, as for a trust, debt, or obligation; chat' t^l, any item of movable or immovable property except the freehold, or the things which are parts of it; pe €un'i(=y)a ry, relating to money; con^fi den'ti^l, secret; av'er ag^; col lee'tor; pa^k'ag^; ten'^nt; op'^por tu'ni ty; pref 'er ^nfV* priv'i leg^; piirsuV; e quiv'a knt, of equal worth, value, or force. Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, mark them for pronunciation, and find their definitions. Note that the last syllable of supersede is sede^ and that the termination of illegible is ible. 160 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER LESSON 267 Review of Rules of Spelling. Rule 7. — Silent "e" final is dropped before a suffix beginning with a vowel. Note, — If the suffix begins with a consonant, e final is not drop- ped, except in the words truly ^ duly, awful^ wholly, argument^ judgment, lodgjnent, abridgment and acknowledgment, c and g before e^ /, emdy are usually soft {c=s and ^ as in gzn) and are hard {c=k and g as in go) in all other cases, e is often retained to keep the e or g soft when the suffix begins with a vowel other than e, i, or y. Besides these, hoeing, shoeing^ toeing, dyeings singeing, springeing, swingeing, tingeing, and mileage, are excep- tions to the rule. procuring debasing" ceasing dyeing nauseated desirable exercising dying serviceable courageous producing tying notable hoeing perceiving enduring criticising shining manageable conceding In serviceable and courageous, the final e is retained to keep the c and g respectively soft. Distinguish dying and dyeing very carefully. pro eur'ing; nai^'s(+h)e a^ted, sickened; serv'ig^ a bl^j not'- a blV> erit'i fi§ ing; de bas'ing; de §Ir'a bl^; e^iir a'g^^us; homing; shin'ing; dyeing; dy'mg; ty'ing; en dur'ing; eon ged'ing. Mark the words in the third column for pronunciation, and then correct your work with the aid of the dictionary. LESSON 268 Review of Rule 7 (continued). waning loosing separating choosing diverging losing ^ truly superseding alluding striking lovely likely vengeance changeable a^wful argument movable serenely chosen definitely MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 161 Quote the rule in each case that it applies, and when an ex- ception occurs, give the reason. The word loos'ing means the act of making loose ^ or untying; Ipg'ing is from lose^ and means the act of suffering loss. Use each in a sentence. strik'ing; chang^a blV» se ren^ly; sep'a rat'^ing; tru'ly; l6vV- ly; aV'ful; cho'§^n; choo§'ing; su'^persed'ing, replacing; likely; ar'gu m^nt; def 'i nit^ ly. Mark the words in the first column diacritically, using the dic- tionary to find whether your work is correct, and find the mean- ings of those with which you are not acquainted. intelligent injurious impunity innocent interruption LESSON 269 Troublesome Words. interfere accent height purifying imitation guardian independence imagine intensely precisely horror glycerine immense labor invariably in^ter fer^'; pu'ri fy^ing; in^de pend'^ng^; pre fls^lyj exactly; im mens^' (notice the s in the second syllable); ac'gent^; im^i ta'tion; im ag'in^; hor'ror; la'bor; h^i^I^t; gtjiard'i <2n; in tensely; glyg'er m^, in va'ri a bly, unchangeably. Look up the first five words of the lesson in the dictionary, place the proper diacritical markings upon them, and find the meanings of those which are new to you. LESSON 270 Dictation Review. (John Ruskin.) Ideas of beauty are among the noblest which can be presented to the human mind, invariably exalting and purifying it accord- ing to their degree, 11 162 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER It is only by labor that thought can be made healthy ^ and only by thought that labor can be made happy; and the two cannot be separated with impunity, I tell you earnestly, you must get into the habit of looking in- tensely at words, assuring yourself of their meaning, syllable by syllable, nay, letter by letter. A well-educated gentleman may not know many languages, may not be able to speak any but his own, may have read very few books;, but, whatever language he knows, he knows precisely ; whatever word he pronounces, he pronounces rightly. Let the accent of words be watched and closely ; let their meaning be watched more closely still. LESSON 271 Words from Grammar. Qarration independent ambiguity figurative description substantive synonym expansion exposition subordinate repetition argument apposition construction succinct climax analysis participial prolix emphatic nar ra'tion; de scrip'tion; ex^po §i'tion; ap^'po §i'tion; a nal'- y sis; in^de pendVnt; siib' st<^n tiv^, a noun or name; sub or'di- natV> eon struc'tion; par^ti gip'i a\\ fig'ur a tiv^; ex pan'sion; ar'gu m cred'i bl^, capable of being believed; a'mi- a bl^, kindly; vig'i bl^, capable of being seen; leg'i bl^, capable of 164 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER ] being read; eul'pa bl^, fit to be blamed; ed'i bl^, fit to be eaten as \ food; port'a bl^, capable of being carried; ai^i'di bl^, capable of I being heard; el'i gi bl^, fit or qualified to be chosen or elected;! vul'ner a bl^, capable of being wounded; de plor'a bl^, fit to be \ lamented— causing grief; pit'i a bl^, fit to be sympathized with, i or causing a feeling of sympathy — sorrowful. \ Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, find their] definitions in case they are not familiar to you, and place the i proper diacritical markings on them. I LESSON 274 Suffixes "able" and "ible" (continued). appreciable tangible detestable forraidable reversible variable intellig-ible indelible reducible irrepressible flexible laudable acceptable assignable feasible compatible plausible incorrigible hospitable equitable There are about one thousand words which terminate in either al?/e or zd/e. Of this number fully three-fourths end in a/?/e. . ap pre'9(+h)i a bl^, capable of being appreciated or estimated; re vers'i bl^; re du'fi bl^; ac fept'a b\^; plai^'gi bl^, fit to be applauded (originally) — apparently right; tan'gi bi^, capable of being touched (literally) — capable of being possessed or realized; va'ri a bl^, capable of varying or changing, or likely to vary or change; ir^re pres^'i bl^, not capable of being rep"ressed, restrained, or controjled; as si^n'a bl^, capable of being assigned, ' specified, or designated; in eor'ri gi bl^, not (m) capable of being - corrected or amended; for 'mi da bl^, capable of causing fear or ; alarm; indel'ibl^, not (Z/^) capable of being removed, washed i away, blotted out, or effaced; la^d'a bl^, fit for, or worthy of, being lauded or praised; com pat'i bl^, capable of existing in harmony — agreeable; eq(=k)'u(=w)i ta bl^, marked by fairness and impartiality. Look up the words in the third column in the dictionary, mark them diacritically, and find their meanings. MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 165 LESSON 275 Common Errors in Pronunciation. adduce lucid prelude resume delusion institute conclude intuitive aptitude illusion command psalm staunch laundry- gauntlet aunt launch blanch fasting sarsaparilla The sound of long "u" is really made up of *'i" and "oo," as is heard distinctly in the word "yew." Be careful not to give the sound of "oo," as in "moon." The Italian sounds of "a" as in "father," and "a," as in "ask," should not be made like "a" "eat." ad du^Vj to cite, quote, name, mention; lu'^id, clear; prel'ud^, (or pre'lHd^), preface, introduction, preliminary; re(=a)^- §u^me(=a)', a summing up; de lu'sion, deception, false belief; com mand'; ^s^m; stai^nch, strong, loyal, steadfast; la^n'dry; ga^nt'let, a military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed — hence, "to run the gaunt- let," means to suffer severe criticism or ill-treatment at many hands; ai^nt; lai^nch; blanch, to whiten; fast'ing, abstaining from food; sar'^sa pa ril'la, a plant of the Smilax family, having me- dicinal properties. Mark the words in the second column for pronunciation, using the dictionary, and find the meanings of those with which you are not familiar. LESSON 276 Flowers and Plants. fuchsia carnation balsam hyacinth mullein sumac heliotrope dahlia alyssum oleander mignonette acacia mistletoe canna clematis coleus feverfew nasturtium chrysanthemum weigelia 166 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER fu^l>'s(+h)i a (named after Leonard Fuchs^ a German bot- anist); hy'a ginth (from Hyacinthus, a beautiful youth beloved by Apollo, from whose blood, when he was accidentally slain by Apollo, the hyacinth was fabled to have sprung); he'li 6 tropV? o^le an'der ("rose tree," literally); mig'^t;!^ to^; car na'tion; mul'- l^m; dal^l'i(=y)a; mi^n/(-fy)6n etll;V (literally, "little darling"); can'na (a r^^^);bars<^m (a balm)\ s(+h)u'ma€; a lys'sum (" raging madness"); a €a'Q(-fh)i a (originally the name of a thorny tree found in Egypt); clem'a tis (note that the first syllable is ac- cented). Place the proper diacritical markings upon the remaining words of the lesson, employing the dictionary. Coleus is from a Greek word meaning a sheath^ referring to the manner in which the stamens are \m\\.Q^\ feverfew received its name from its sup- posed valile as a remedy for curing fever; chrysanthemum means, literally, " flower of gold;" weigelia was so named after C. E. Weigel, a German naturalist. LESSON 277 Latin Root bene— ' ' well;" mal or male— ' ' bad "or " ill. " benefiting benefaction benediction malice benefited benevolent benign malevolent beneficial benefactor benefit malignant beneficiary benevolence benignant malediction benefiter beneficiary malefactor malady ben'e fit ing, doing well to; ben'e fit ed; ben^'e fi?i(=h)'^l; ben^e fi9(+h)'i a ry, one who receives anything as a gift or bequest; ben'e fit er, one who confers, or receives, a benefit; ben'^e fae'tion; be nev'6 knt, having a disposition to do good\ ben^e fae'tor; be nev'6 kng^; ben^e die'tion, the act of blessing or wishing well\ be n%n', of a kind or gentle nature; ben'e fit; be nig'n<3:nt, kind; ma li9i(=h)'^us, harboring ill will; mal 'e fae'- tor, one who does ill or evil. Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, mark them for pronunciation, and find the meanings of those with which you are not familiar. MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 167 LESSON 278 Common Errors in Pronunciation, entire alias opponent adult museum specialty exquisite impious admirable casualty deficit incomparable vagary peremptory address misconstrue discourse irrevocable finance compensate Note the accent carefully in the above words. en tir^'; mu §e'um; ad'mi ra bl^ (accented on the first syllable), excellent, praiseworthy; va ga'ry (note that the accent is on the second syllable), a whim; dis eo^rs^ (note that the second syl- lable is accented), a speech, sermon; op po'n^nt, a foe — one who opposes in argument or debate; ex'qui §it^ (notice that the first syllable receives the accent); deficit, a falling short, lack; fi nanp^' (observe that the accent is on the second syllable and that the lis short); ad dres^ (notice that the second syllable is accented), a speech or discourse — direction of a letter; a diilt', a person grown to full size and strength; im'pi ^iis (notice that this word is accented^on the first syllable, and that the z in the second syllable has the short sound), irreverent, profane; m com'- pa ra bl^, without a peer or equal; mis con'stru^, to interpret wrongly; com 'pen sat^ (or com pen'sat^), to reward. Look up the words in the second column in the dictionary, mark them diacritically, and find the meanings of those with which you are not familiar. LESSON 279 Words Used in Business, persistence burglary pamphlet accomplice signature integrity dissolve boycott magnanimity courteous unscrupulous trans feri^^d'; gen'u m^ (observe that the accent is upon the first syllable, and that the i in the final syllable is short); so^'^v^- transferred genuine souvenir eligible fictitious irreparable chargeable extravagant sustenance 168 ^ MAYNFS SIGHT SPELLER Qir', a reminder — in the nature of some small gift, usually accom- panied with an advertisement of some sort; el'I gi bl^, qualified; fi€ ti9i(=h)'^us, false, as a forged signature; per sistVng^ (notice that the termination is ^nce), staying or continuing quality; pam'- phlet; sig'na tur^, di§ §61vV, to bring to an end, as a partnership; mag^'na nim'i ty, greatness of mind or unselfishness in dealings; bilr'gla ry; ae eom'plig^, an associate in the commission of a crime; m teg'ri ty, business honesty and uprightness; boy'eot^, a combining to withhold or prevent dealings with a tradesman, employer, etc. ; e^ur'te ^us, civil. Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, mark them for pronunciation, and find the meanings of those with which you are not familiar. LESSON 280 Dictation Review. (Thomas Carlyle.) *' There is 2^ perennial nobleness, and even sacredness, in work. Were he never so benighted, forgetful of his high calling, there is always hope in a man that actually and earnestly works. In idleness alone there is /^^^/^^/ despair. " "The tendency to persevere, to persist in spite of hindrances^ discoiiragemetitSy and impossibilities — it is this that in all things distinguishes the strong soul from the weak.'" " Cast forth thy act, thy word, into the ever-living, ever- work- ing universe; it is a seed-grain that cannot die; unnoticed to-day, it will be found flourishing as a banyan grove, perhaps, alaSy as a hemlock forest after a thousand yedivs.'" LESSON 281 From the Drug Store. pharmacist benzine strychnine sulphuric acid laudanum turpentine nicotine chloral paregoric naphtha caffeine belladonna chlorofoma ammonia alkali troche quinine ^ creosote tannic acid glycerine MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 169 phar'ma fist, a druggist; lai^'da num, a drug obtained from opium; par^e gor'ie, a medicine that* lessens pain; el^lo'ro form; qui'nin^ (from a word meaning Peruvian bark, from which it is obtained) ; ben'zin^ or ben zin^, a Hquid similar to gasoiine; tur'- pen tin^; napl^'tha, a liquid similar to gasoline; am mo ni a (from sal avi7noniay which was first obtained near the temple of Jupiter A7nmon)\ cre'o sot^, wood-tar oil; sul phu'rie ag'id, oil of vitriol; el^lo'r^l; beKla don'na; tro'el^e, a medicinal tablet or lozenge; glyg'er in^. Mark the words in the third column for pronunciation, using the dictionary, and find the definitions of those with which you are not familiar. LESSON 282 Past Tense with ''for '*ed.' tossed tost spelled spelt dipped dipt rapped rapt burned burnt builded built dressed drest girded girt spoiled spoilt accursed accurst The termination in several verbs ending in edhsiS been changed to /. The tendency of the language is to make such changes in order that the spelling may follow the pronunciation. Mark the words in the final column diacritically, employing the dictionary. LESSON 283 Words Often Mispronounced, pantomime butterine heinous albumen valentine alternate aggrandize parafBne creosote fulsome equipage lamentable aniline illustrated indecorous fraternize infantile telegrapher nasturtium interesting pan'to mim^, dumb show; valVn tin^; ere'6 sot^; an'i lin^ (or 170 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER -Im^), a colorless, oily liquid from which many brilHant dyes are made; in'f^n til^ (or til^),' childish; biit'ter in^, imitation but- ter; al ter'nat^ (observe that the a in the first syllable is short), by turns, first one and then the other; ful'som^, offen- sive from too much praise; il lus'tra ted; te leg'ra pher (or tel'e graph ^er); al bu'men, the white of an Qgg\ par'af fin^ (or fin^) (note that there is but one r in this word, but that the /is doubled), a white, waxy substance obtained from coal-tar, wood- tar, petroleum, etc.; lam'en ta bl^ (note that the accent is upon the first syllable), sorrowful, pitiable; fra'ter niz^ (or frat'er-), to associate or hold fellowship as brothers, or as men of like occupa- tion or character; in'ter est ing (observe that the accent falls on first syllable). Mark the words in column three for pronunciation, using the dictionary, and find the definitions of those with which you are not familiar. LESSON 284 Words Distinguished. envy- jealousy character reputation expect hope g"rateful thankful healthy healthful custom habit discover invent emigrant immigrant many much capacity ability Synonyms are words having a meaning in common. Each word has also a meaning of its own. en'vy, feeling against one because of his good fortune; je^l'- ^us y, feeling of fear lest one be deprived of his own (we may, then, be envious of the good things possessed by another and jealous of the good things that we possess); ex pect', to look for- ward to some event with the conviction that it will occur, whether desired or not : hop^, to look forward to an event that is desired ; he^lth'y, applied to objects having health, as a healthy tree ; he^lth'ful, appHed to objects producing health, as a healthful climate; dis cov'er, to reveal what existed before, as, Newton discovered the law of gravitation; in vent', to create something not MAYNFS SIGHT SPELLER 171 existing before, as, Edison invented the phonograph; ma(=e)n'y, applies to nuinber^ as, many pupils ; miich, appHes to quantity^ as much wheat. Look up the distinctions between the other pairs of words. Use each word in a sentence to show the distinction. LESSON 285 In the Lawyer's Office. brief mortgaging plaintiff assign indictment guardian lessee codicil perjury chattels hypothecate malfeasance mortgage quitclaim guarantee assessment mortgageor defendant indenture mandamus br^ef, a short statement of a client's case made out for the instruction of counsel in a trial at law; in di^t'm^nt, the formal statement of an offense, as framed by the prosecuting authority of the State, and found by the grand jury; per'ju ry, a willfully false statement made by a witness under oath; morVgag^, a con- veyance (or delivering up) of property, upon condition as security for the payment of a debt, and to become void (or inoperative) upon payment according to the terms agreed upon; morVga g^or (or mor^t^'ga g^or'), one who gives a mortgage; morVga ging; gi^ard'i an, one who has, or is entitled to, the care of the person or property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own affairs; chat't^l§; quit'- clafm^, a release of a claim; de fend'<2nt (observe that the termi- nation is ant)^ a person req aired to make answer in an action or suit; as si^n', to transfer or make over to another for the benefit of creditors or parties owing to; eod'i gil, a clause added to a will; mal fe^'§^n9^, an unlawful act; as ses^m^nt (note the fact that the s IS twice doubled in this word), an installment of subscribed stock— a valuation of property or profits of business, for the pur- pose of taxation; man da'miis, a writ issued by a superior court 172 1 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER and directed to some inferior court, or to some corporation or person having authority, commanding the performance of some specified duty. Look up the words in the third column, mark them for pro- nunciation, and find the meanings of those with which you are not f amiHar. LESSON 286 ^ In the Lawyer's Office (continued). easement protege caveat emptor subpoena warrant bona fide de facto acquittal alibi prima facie de jure bequeath alias quo warranto ex post facto executor quasi certiorari nolle prosequi executrix e^§Vni^iit, the right to use certain property for a particular purpose without owning it — as a road; war'r^^int, an order issued by a magistrate authorizing an officer to make an arrest, a seizure, or a search; al'i hi, the plea under which a person on trial for a crime tries to prove that he was in another place when the act claimed to have been committed was done; a'li as, an assumed name; qua'si, having some resemblance to— qualified, as a quasi contract (diU implied coiiivdiCi)\ pro^te(=a)^g(=zh)e(=a)', one un- der the care and protection of another; bo'na fi'de, in or with good faith, genuine; pri'ma fa'9(+h)i e, on the first view^ 2js, prima facie evide7ice\ quo'' war ran'to, a writ brought before a proper court, to inquire by what warrant a person or corporation acts, or exer- cises certain powers; ger^t(=sh)i 6 ra'ri, a writ from a superior court to call up the records of an inferior court; ca've at emp'tor {let the buyer beware)^ let the person examine the article he is buy- ing, and act on his own judgment; de^'fae'to {from the fact) ^ actually, in reality; de'^ju're {from the la'w),hy right; ex'post fae'to {after the deed is done). An ex post facto law is a law which punishes an act that was not punishable at the time the law MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 173 was passed; nol'le pros^'e qui (fo be unwilling to proceed)^ a rec- ord denoting that a plaintiff drops his. suit or the attorney for the pubhc a prosecution. Mark the remaining words diacritically, using the dictionary to verify your work, and find the definitions of the words. LESSON 287 Troublesome Terminations: ''eed," '*ede,' ' '^eerj^'^ere. succeed impede career sincere concede recede inhere domineer secede exceed cohere adhere proceed precede overseer auctioneer intercede stampede gazetteer interfere impedV; regedV; ex(=k) ?e^d'; pre fed V; stam pedV, any sudden flight or dispersion, as of a crowd because of a panic; ea re^r'; m herV> to belong (to), as attributes or qualities; co her^i to be united — to agree; o^ver se'er; gaz-^et te^r', a geographicial dictionary; sin fer^'; dom^i ne^r', to be overbearing; ad her^', to hold, be attached, or devoted; ai^e^'tion e^r'; in'^ter fer^'. Place the proper diacritical markings on the first five words of the lesson, consulting the dictionary, and find the definitions of any with which you are not acquainted. LESSON 288 Words Distinguished. enough sufiacient economy- frugality genius talent emulation rivalry eternal everlasting knowledge "wisdom haste hurry abstinence temperance plurality majority apprehend comprehend e n^iigh', ample to satisfy our desires ;^\xi fi'9i(=h)'^nt, ample 174 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER to satisfy our needs (man seldom has enough wealth, though he may have sufficient)\ gen'i(=y)us, natural cvediiivQ powers of the mind; talVnt, acquired powers of the mind (a genius is born ; a man of talent is made)', e iev'nal, always existing (God is eternal); ev'er last'ing, never ending {everlasting\\i€)\ hast^, quickness of movement, with order and plan ; hiir'ry, quickness of movement, , with heedlessness (pupils may be in haste, but they should never be in a hurry)\ plu ral'i ty, more votes for one candidate than the number given to any other one candidate; ma jor'i ty, more than half the votes. Look up the remaining pairs of synonyms in a similar man- mer, using the words in sentences to make the distinctions clear. LESSON 289 An Exercise in Pronunciation. Mark the words in this exercise according to your idea of the pronunciation; then make corrections by looking up each word m the dictionary. Several decades ago a robust desperado signified his dis- honest intention of directing his efforts against the domicile of a patriotic dominie. During his leisure hours he divulged his ominous plans to his favorite coadjutor. First, they were to attack the culinary department, for iJrom the kitchen often floated the aroma of chicken broth and sausage. The robber's confidant, upon securing the dessert, poured over it some tomato sauce and took it to the granary, where a Caucasian, suffering from bronchitis, was engrossed in forgetting his misery. LESSON 290 Dictation Review. (Alfred Tennyson.) "Howe'er it be, it seems to me, 'Tis only noble to be good; MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 175 Kind hearts are more than coronets^ And simple faith than Norman blood." "Flower in the crannied yizS\.^ I pluck you out of the crannies; Hold you here, root and all, in my hand, 'Little ^ower— hut if I could understand What you are, root and all, and all in all, I should know what God and man is." "For I ^/^/ into the future, far as human eye could see, Saw the Vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be; Saw the heavens fill with commerce, argosies of magic sails; Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales ; Heard the heavens fill with shouting, and there rain'd a ghastly dew From the nations' airy navies grappling in the central blue ; Till the war-drum throbbed no longer, and the battle flags were furV d In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world." LESSON 291 Words from the Physiology. parietal biceps sclerotic capillaries vertebra flexure cornea varicose humerus fatigue retina corpuscle suture ganglion olfactory coagulation synovial cerebrum papilla plasma bi'feps, a muscle having two heads or origins; flex(=k)'- (+sh)ur^, a turn, bend, or curve; fa figiaV* exhaustion of strength; gan'gli on, a mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlaigement in the course of a nerve; 9er'e brum, the larger division of the brain, and the seat of the reasoning faculties; scle rot'ic, the firm outer coat of the eyeball; 176 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER eor'ne a, the transparent part of the coat of the eyeball which covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior; ret'i na, the delicate membrane with which the back part of the globe of the eye is lined, and in which the fibers of the optic nerve end; 61 fae'- to ry, of, or pertaining to, the sense of smell; pa pil'la, one of the minute, nipple-like projections of the tongue (plural=/<^////(2'); cap'il la ry, one of the small blood vessels connecting arteries and veins (note that capillary has but one /, but that the /is doubled); var'i €os^, irregularly swollen or enlarged — applied to nerve fibers, veins, etc. ; cor'pus gl^§, the minute particles in the liquid {plasma) of the blood, which give it its red color; eo ag'^u- la tion, the thickening of the blood; pla§'ma, the colorless fluid of the blood, in which the corpuscles are suspended. Look up the first five words of the lesson in the dictionary, mark them carefully for pronunciation, and find their meanings. LESSON 292 / In the Insurance Office. policy endowment dividend inflammable forfeiture beneficiary contributory frauTdulent accumulation equitable litigation maintenance annuity prudential implements immunity appraisal mortuary breakage incontestable pol'i 9y, the writing in which a contract of insurance is em- bodied; for 'f^i tur^, the act of losing money paid for insurance because of lapse of pa3^ments; ae eu'^mu la'tion, the amount by which money paid for insurance on the endowment plan is in- creased in a given period of time; an nu'i ty, a sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number of years, or for life; ap pra^s'^l (note that the termination is ^1), an estimation of the loss upon property, partially or totally destroyed by fire; en dow'm^nt, a fund accumulated for support; ben'^e fip(+h)'i a ry, one who receives insurance money; eq(=k)'u(=w)i ta bl^, marked by a due consideration for what is fair — as, an equitable adjust- MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 177 ment of a claim for insurance; pru den'ti^l, advisory, superintend- ing or executive— as a prudential committee; mor'tu a ry, per- taining to the dead; div'i dend, a share of the profits as appor- tioned among sharehblders; con trib'u to ry, bringing increase to common stock— used in a legal sense, also, as in the term contribu- tory negligence ; lit^i ga'tion, contesting inlaw; im'ple m^nts; br^ak'ag^, an allowance for things broken accidentally, as in transportation or use. Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, mark them diacritically, and find the definitions of those with which you are not acquainted. In studying the word inflammable^ notice that the a in the second syllable has the short sound; observe that the termination of incontestable is ^ble. LESSON 293 An Exercise in Pronunciation. Mark the words in this exercise according to your idea of the pronunciation; then make corrections by looking up each word in the dictionary. Once upon a time a company composed of a senile, splenetic colonel, a disputative financier, and a sacrilegious Malay, pur- chased a calliope and resolved to go to the frontier to make a raid on the commissariat. They procured some dynamite and carbines precedent to starting; according to precedent, they planned to take the fort without asking permission, and, after do- ing so, were much chagrined to find there nothing but iodine and prussic acid. As they departed they heard some Indians playing on flageolets and jew's-harps, and, as they feared the bowie knives that might be near, they left their property in an isolated spot, and concealed themselves in a dilapidated hovel, hoping that they might not be harassed. The next morning they found the debris of their calliope, 12 178 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER LESSON 294 Common Diseases. insomnia eczema pneumonia dyspepsia neuralgia asthma pleurisy scrofula rheumatism tuberculosis dysentery epilepsy catarrh malaria measles appendicitis bronchitis cholera jaundice erysipelas in som'ni a, wakefulness; n^u raFgi a (observe carefully how this word is pronounced), a disease affecting the nerves and accompanied with very acute pain; rl^^u'ma ti§m (do not slight the final m in pronouncing this word); ca tari^l^', an inflammation of any mucous membrane; bron clsjii'tis (notice that the i in the second syllable is long), inflammadon of the bronchial tubes, or any part of them; ee ze'ma, an inflammatory disease of the skin; a§l^l^'ma (notice that the final a is short Italian), a disease charac- terized by difficulty of breathing, accompanied with a wheezing sound and a cough; tu ber'^cu lo sij, a lung disease, consumption; ma la'ri a, a kind of fever; el^orer a, a dangerous disease which af- fects the digestive organs; i^n^U. mo'ni a, inflammation of the lungs; pl^u'ri sy, an inflammation of the pleura^ or the smooth membrane which closely covers the lungs; dys'en ter y, a disease of the intestines; me^'§l^§; jai^n'di?^, an affection of the liver. Mark the remaining words for pronunciation, employing the dictionary to correct your work, and find the meanings of those with which you are not acquainted. LESSON 295 In the Physi dan's Office. prescription sterilize recipe preventive abstemious rhythmical unconscious antipathy assimilate abrasion incision stupor contusion sensibility concussion symptom practitioner delirium pallor exhilarate pre serip'tion, a prescribed remedy; rep'i pe (note carefully the MAYNFS SIGHT SPELLER 179 pronunciation), a prescription for medicine; ab ste'mi ^us, re- fraining from a free use of food and strong drinks; iin €6n's9i(=h)- ^us, having no power of mental perception; as sim'i lat^, to ab- sorb as nourishment; ster'il iz^, to destroy all germs, as by heat; prevent'iv^, that which prevents disease; rls^yth'mic^^l; antip'a- thy, distaste, dislike; as, an antipathy for medicine; ab ra'sion, a flaying of the surface skin; stti'por; Sena's! bil'i ty, capacity to feel or perceive; symp'tom, a change in the body which indicates dis- ease, or the kind of disease; de lir'i um, a wandering of the mind due to a fever or some other disease; e? l^il'a rat^, to cheer or animate, naturally or artificially. Look up the words in the third column, mark them for pro- nunciation, and find the meanings of those with which you are not familiar. LESSON 296 Entrance to Civil Service. g-inger adjacent usage business certificate properly legible handkerchief promissory Schenectady California strychnine seizing" opportunity flannel concede zinc insertion facilitate souvenir The above is a sample of the list of words given for entrance to the civil service under the United States government, for the first grade. Ginger: The root of a medicinal plant. Certificate: A writ- ten testimony; as, a certificate of stock. Pro7nissory : Containing a promise; as, a promissory note. Seizing: Taking suddenly. Zinc : A whitish metal. Adjacent: Lying near or bordering on. Properly .• In a proper or right manner. Schenectady : A city of the United States. Opportunity : A fit or convenient time. In- sertion: The act of placing in; as, the insertion of an advertise- ment, t/^^^f^/ Custom in using; as, commercial usage. Facili- tate: To make easy; as, to facilitate business. Legible: Cap- 180 MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER . able of being read; as, a legible signature. California: One of ^ the United States. Flannel: A soft woolen cloth of loose texture. \ Business: Occupation or trade. Handkerchief: A piece of cloth | for wiping the face or nose. Strychnine : A powerful poison. \ Concede: To give up; as, to concede a point. Souvenir: A token i of remembrance; a keepsake. , | gin'ger; ^er tif 'i eatV? prom'is so ry (observe that there is but | one w, but that the s is doubled); sejz'ing (notice that this word j is spelled with ei) ; zme; fa fil'i tat^; leg'i bl^; €al^i for'ni ^; flan'- j nel; bu(=i)§Vnes^ (note that this is a /-ze/^-syllable word); han^'- j ker chi^f (note that the d in the first syllable is silent); stryel^'- \ nin^; eon ped^; soia'^v^ nir'; u§'ag^ (observe that the s in the first \ syllable has the sound of z), Mark the words in the second column for pronunciation, cor- recting your work with the aid of the dictionary. LESSON 297 Test List for Entrance to High School. j believing' inheritance mathematics nuisance | descendant independent incessant receiving \ accommodation disappoint separating important boundary assistance restaurant mischievous \ incense achieving appearance nominative | be Hev'ang; de s^end'<3;nt (note that the termination is «nt);| ae eom^'mo da'tion; bound'a ry (do not neglect the ^-syllable in \ spelling or pronunciation); in'^ensV* in her'it ^ngV? m^'depen^Vnt; \ dis^ap point'; as sist'^^n^V? ^ ch'jev'mg; math^e mat'ies; in ^es'- j s^nt, unceasing; sep'a rat'^ing; res'tau(=6) rant; ap pe^r'^n?^. \ Look up the remaining words in the dictionary, marking them \ carefully for pronunciation. j LESSON 298 Entrance to Military Academy, West Point. abdicate acme disperse neuter abutted bachelor erase orally accessibility compass imperative preference acclivity derelict kerosene raisin accosted. despondent mnemonics villain MAYNE'S SIGHT SPELLER 181 The examination for entrance to the United States Military Academy is rather severe. The above is a sample of the test given in spelling. ab'di eat^, to surrender; a biit'ted, projected; ae Qes^'i bfl'! ty, the quality of admitting approach; ae eliv'i ty, a slope, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending ; ae eost'ed, spoken to first; dis persV» to scatter; e ras^; im per 'a tiv^, not to be avoided, con- taining positive command; ker'6 sen^^; rifine mon'Tes, a system of rules intended to assist the memory; n^u'ter; o'r^l ly ; prefer ^n^fe, choice; raV§\n; vil'l^in. Mark the words in the second column of the lesson for pro- nunciation, using the dictionary to correct your work, and find the definitions of those with which you are not acquainted. LESSON 299 Entrance to the Naval Academy, Annapolis. privateers belligerent marine reprisal vessels maritime commercial oflBlcered equipped seize discipline permanent attack navies legitimate la'wlessness marque advantageous neutrals commission For entrance to the United States Naval Academy, candidates are required to pass an entrance examination in a number of sub- jects, including spelling. In spelling, they must be able to write from dictation paragraphs from standard pieces of English ntera- ture, both prose and poetry, to test their qualifications in this branch. The spelling throughout the examination is considered in marking the papers. The above list of words is taken from a dictation exercise given for entrance examination. bel lig'er ^nt, carrying on war; mar'i tim^ (note that the / in the last syllable is short), pertaining to naval affairs; se'jz^; na'- vi^§; ad'^v<3;n ta'g^^us; ma rinV? having to do with naval affairs; com mer'ci) error by a mark in the margin. He then £/ sarches for it in the body. T ^ , ^ L proof readers marks are often used in correct- 1^ X ^wanuscript of any kind. 7j ^^ A" ^ Ml) O Indent for paragraph. (2) ^ Turn over the letter. (3) Wrong letter. {^)h>f- No paragraph. (5) ^"1 Raise a letter or word. (6) f— J Lower a letter or word. (7) X An im- perfect type. (8) aJtil' Let it stand. (9) ^ Dele, omit.- (10)>i^ More space. (II) /a Transpose. (12) /c Lowercase — small letter. (13) O Insert period. (14) * ] Bring matter to right; | to the left.- (15)a Insert omitted letter. (16) %J, Depress a projecting quad. (17) c^ Capital letter. (18) \y Insert apostrophe. (19) f^ji. Wrong font— the wrong style of type. 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