UC-NRLF LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. GIFT OF" ,...S*cfJr A. Class NEW JERSEY SCHOOL LAWS, Revision of 1902, WITH Notes, Blanks and Forms FOR THE USE AND GOVERNMENT OF SCHOOL OFFICERS. PREPARED BY 'THE STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. To be Preserved and Delivered by each Officer to his Successor TRENTON, N. J. : THE JOHN L. MURPHY PUBLISHING Co., PRINTERS. 1902. N 11 CONTENTS. Page. Agricultural College 112 Blanks and Forms for School Officers 141 Boards of Education in City School Districts, Article VI 23 Boards of Education in Township, Incorporated Town and Borough School Dis- tricts, Article VII 35 Boards of Examiners, Article IV 15 Children's Guardians, State Board of 118 Compulsory Education, Article XV 61 Constitution, Extracts from 5 County Superintendents, Article III 13 Crimes Act, Extracts from , 115 Custodian of School Moneys, Article XIX 78 Disorderly Persons, Extracts from Law 115 District Tax, Article XVIII 75 Evening Schools, Article XIII 60 Free Lectures Ill Industrial Schools 109 Kindergartens, Article XII 59 Manual Training, Article XXIV 89 Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth, Article XXIII 88 Miscellaneous, Article XXIX 103 New Jersey School for the Deaf, Article XXII 85 Pupils, Article IX 47 Rules and Regulations Prescribed by the State Board of Education 123 Salaries of Teachers and Principals, Article XXVIII 98 School Districts, Article V 17 School District Bonds, Article XX 81 School Fund, Article XVI 66 School-Houses, Article X. 50 School Libraries, Article XXV 90 State Board of Education, Article 1 7 State Normal School, Article XXI 84 State School Tax, Article XVII 68 State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Article II 8 Teachers, Article VIII 43 Teachers' Libraries, Article XXVI.... 91 Teachers' Retirement Fund, Article XXVII 91 Text-Books and Supplies, Article XIV 60 Union-Graded Schools, Article XI 53 (3) >09 EXTRACTS From the State Constitution Respecting Public Schools. SECTION VII. 6. The fund for the support of free schools, and all money, stock and other property which may hereafter be appropriated for that purpose, or received into the treasury under the provision of any law heretofore passed to augment the said fund, shall be securely invested and remain a perpetual fund; and the income thereof, except so much as it may be judged expedient to apply to an increase of the capital, shall be annually appropriated to the support of public free schools, for the equal benefit of all the people of the state; and it shall not be competent for the legis- lature to borrow, appropriate or use the said fund, or any part thereof, for any other purpose, under any pretence whatever ; the legislature shall provide for the maintenance and support of a thorough and efficient system of free public schools for the instruc- tion of all the children in this state between the ages of five and eighteen years. 11. The legislature shall not pass private, local or special laws providing for the management and support of free public schools. (5) School Law. An Act to establish a system of public instruction, BE IT ENACTED by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey: AETICLE I. STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION. 1. The general supervision and control of public in- struction shall be vested in a state board of education, which shall consist of two members from each congres- sional district, who shall not be members of the same political party, and who shall not reside in the same county except where a congressional district shall lie wholly within one county. Said members shall be ap- Appointment, pointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, each for the term of five years; Term, and in the place of any member whose term shall expire a successor shall be appointed in like manner for the term of five years, so that there shall be always two members from each congressional district. In case of a vacancy, vacancy a successor for the unexpired term shall be ap- pointed. A suitable room in the state house, at Trenton, shall be provided for the use of said board. 2. The State Board of Education shall have the con- control of cer- trol and management of the State Normal School, the schools. New Jersey School for the Deaf, the Farnum Prepara- tory School and the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth. 3. The State Board of Education shall have power: Powers of. (7) SCHOOL LAW. Make rules. Appoint county super- intendents. Rules for ins tutes. Authorize pay- ment of ex- penses of state superintend- ent. Decide ap- peals. Rules for teachers' cer- tificates. Expenses. Annual report. I. To frame and modify by-laws for its own govern- ment; to elect its president and other officers, and to prescribe and enforce rules and regulations necessary to carry into effect the school laws of this state ; II. To appoint County Superintendents of Schools, and for cause to remove them; III. To prescribe rules and regulations for holding teachers' institutes; IV. To authorize the payment by the State Treasurer, upon the warrant of the State Comptroller, of the neces- sary incidental expenses incurred by the State Super- intendent of Public Instruction and the Assistant State Superintendent of Public Instruction- in the perform- ance of their official duties; V. To decide appeals from the decisions of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction; VI. To make and enforce rules and regulations for the examination of teachers, and the granting of cer- tificates or licenses to teach. 4. The members of the State Board of Education shall receive no compensation for their services, but the State Treasurer shall, upon the warrant of* the State Comp- troller, pay their necessary expenses. 5. The State Board of Education shall report annually to the Legislature in regard to all matters committed to its care. AETICLE II. STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Appointment ot state super- intendent. Term. Salary. Location of office. 6. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for the term of five, years and until his successor shall be appointed and confirmed. He shall receive a salary of five thousand dollars a year, payable in equal monthly installments. A suitable office, to be known as the Department of Public Instruction, shall be provided for him in the State House at Trenton. SCHOOL LAW. 9 7. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction Assistant state . , / T- -I T superintend- may appoint an Assistant State Superintendent of Public ent. Instruction. He shall file a certificate of such appoint- ment in the office of the Secretary of State, and, with the approval of the Governor, fix his salary, which salary shall be paid in the same manner as the salary of the State Superintendent shall be paid. Said Assistant Superintendent shall perform all the duties of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction during his ab- sence, y 8. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction cierts. may employ such clerks as he may deem necessary, and, with the approval of the Governor, fix their compensa- tion, which compensation shall be payable monthly on the certificate of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction ; provided, that the salary of the Assistant Proviso. Superintendent and the compensation of said clerks shall not exceed in the aggregate the sum annually appro- priated therefor by the Legislature. 9. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction secretary of state board of shall be the Secretary of the State Board of Education, education and member of and a member, ex officio, of all boards of examiners, boards of ex- aminers. He shall enforce all rules and regulations prescribed by the State Board of Education. He shall have super- vision of all the schools of the state receiving any part of the state appropriation. He shall, from time to time, instruct county and city superintendents as to their duties and as to the best manner of conducting schools, constructing school-houses and furnishing the same. 10. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction arising uner es shall decide, subject to appeal to the State Board of sch o1 lavv - Education and without cost to the parties, all contro- versies and disputes that shall arise under the school laws, or under the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education. The facts involved in any contro- versy or dispute shall, if he shall so require, be made known to him by written statements by the parties thereto, verified by oath or affirmation, and accompanied by certified copies of all documents necessary to a full understanding of the question in dispute, and his deci- 10 SCHOOL LAW. sion shall be binding until, upon appeal, a decision shall be given by the State Board of Education, (a) Keep, record of 11. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall keep a record of all his official acts and shall pre- serve copies of all decisions made by him, and shall official seal. adopt and provide an official seal. Copies of al] acts, orders and decisions made by him, and of all papers deposited or filed in the Department of Public Instruc- tion may be authenticated under said seal, and, when so authenticated, shall be evidence equally with and in like manner as the originals. ^upCTiStendent 12 ' Whenever there shall be a vacancy in the office of to en vacancy. County Superintendent of Schools, the State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction shall appoint, subject to the approval of the President of the State Board of Education, a suitable person to fill such vacancy, and the person so appointed shall hold office until his successor shall be appointed by the State Board of Education. 13> ^ n case a County Superintendent of Schools shall ue gl ec t or refuse to perform any duty imposed upon him by this act or by the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education, the State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall, subject to appeal to the State Board of Education, withhold from such County Superintend- ent of Schools the order for his salary until he shall have fully complied with the provisions of this act and with the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education relating to his duties. ^- ^ n case a board of education, or any officer thereof, rict. or the legal voters O f anv sc hool district, or any board or officer of the municipality in which any such school district shall be situate shall neglect or refuse to perform (a) 1. The state superintendent having been given authority to hear and determine certain matters, his determination thereupon has the con- clusive quality of a judgment pronounced in a legally-created court of limited jurisdiction acting within the bounds of its authority. Thomp- son v. Board of Education, 28 Vr. 628. 2. There is no distinction in point of conclusiveness between the deci- sions of special tribunals and the judgments of courts of record. The difference is solely in the presumption of jurisdiction. Ibid. 3. The court may, in the exercise of its discretion, refuse to interfere by mandamus in a controversy cognizable by the special tribunals created by the School law of this state, where an appeal to such tribunals has not been made. Jefferson v. Atlantic City, 35 Vr. 59. SCHOOL LAW. 11 any duty imposed upon such board, officer or legal voters by this act or by the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education, the custodian of the school moneys of such school district shall, upon notice from the County Superintendent of Schools, approved by the State Super- intendent of Public Instruction, withhold all moneys received by him from the County Collector and then remaining in his hands to the credit of such district, until he shall receive notice from said County Superin- tendent of Schools that said board, officer or legal voters have fully complied with the provisions of this act and with the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education. 15. In case a teacher shall neglect or refuse to per- withhold form any duty imposed upon him or her by this act teacher. 1 or by the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education, the State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion shall direct the custodian of the school moneys of the school district in which such teacher shall be em- ployed, to withhold from such teacher all salary due to him or her until he receives notice from said State Super- intendent of Public Instruction that such teacher has fully complied with the provisions of this act and the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education relating to his or her duties. 16. Whenever it shall be proved to the satisfaction of suspend school the State Superintendent of Public Instruction that any member of a board of education, or any officer thereof has been guilty of a willful violation or neglect of duty under this act or under the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education, said State Superintendent of Public Instruction may, by an order under his hand and seal, which order shall be recorded in his office, and a duplicate thereof transmitted to said board of educa- tion, suspend such member or officer from his office; provided, that notice of his proposed action shall be Proviso, served upon said member or officer either personally or by letter directed to him at his last known post-office address, at least two weeks prior to the making of said order; provided further, that said State Superintendent Proviso, of Public Instruction shall forthwith report such suspen- 12 SCHOOL' LAW. sion to the State Board of Education, and said board shall, after due investigation, reinstate or remove such member or officer. Apportion 17. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction moneys. shall equitably apportion to the several counties the amount appropriated for the support of public schools from the State School Fund on the basis of the aggregate number of days attendance of all pupils attending the public schools during the year preceding that for which said apportionment shall be made, and shall furnish to the State Comptroller and to the several County Super- intendents of Schools and County Collectors an abstract of such apportionment, and of the apportionment of the moneys due to the several counties from the State school tax and from the reserve fund, and shall draw his orders on the State Comptroller and in favor of the County Collector of each county for the amount to which such county shall be entitled. Reports from 18. The superintendent or manager of each educa- private schools. , . . . . , ,, - tional institution receiving support or aid from the state, and the president, manager, or principal of each sem- inary, academy or private school shall report to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction annually, on or before the first day of August, such statistics relating to such institution, seminary, academy or school as said Statp Superintendent of Public Instruction may require, Proviso. and in the manner and form prescribed by him; pro- vided, that no report concerning the expenses or finances of such institution, seminary, academy or private school Proviso. shall 'be required; and provided further, that no report of any seminary, academy or private school shall be published or made public by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. Furnish blanks 19. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction officers. shall prepare and cause to be printed forms for making all reports and conducting all proceedings under the school laws of this state. He shall cause all school laws to be printed in pamphlet form, and shall annex thereto forms for making reports and conducting school business, and shall distribute the same. Annual report. 20. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction SCHOOL LAW. 13 shall present to the State Board of Education annually at its meeting in December, a report of the condition of the public schools and of all the educational institutions receiving support or aid from the state. Such report shall contain full statistical tables of all items connected with the cause of education that may be of interest to school officers or the people of the state, together with such suggestions and recommendations for the improve- ment of the schools and the advancement of public in- struction as he shall deem expedient. 21. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction Take affidavits, and the Assistant State Superintendent shall, without charge, administer oaths and take affidavits concerning any matter relating to the schools. 22. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction Deliver prop- shall, at the expiration of his term of office, deliver to cessor. his successor his official seal, together with all the prop- erty, books, documents, maps, records, reports and other papers belonging to his office. AETICLE III. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. 23. The State Board of Education shall appoint for Appointment s^ f C0l ?nty each county a suitable person to be the County Super- supenntend- intendent of Schools of that county, who shall hold office for the term of three years from the date of his appoint- Term of office. ment and until his successor shall have been appointed as aforesaid, unless sooner removed for cause by said board. No person shall be appointed as County Super- shall hold state intendent of Schools unless he shall hold a state teacher's certificate. 24. The yearly salary of a County Superintendent of salary. Schools shall be a sum which shall be equal to eight dollars for each teacher employed in the public schools in his county as ascertained from the last published report of the State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion ; but such salary shall in no case be less than thirteen hundred dollars nor more than two thousand dollars. 14 SCHOOL LAW. Expenses. Proviso. Proviso. Powers of county superin- tendents. Take affidavits. Issue orders for school moneys. Supervise schools. Such salary shall be paid in equal monthly installments out of the income of the State School Fund, and the State Comptroller shall, on the order of the State Super- intendent of Public Instruction, draw his warrant for such salary on the Treasurer of the State School Fund in favor of such County Superintendent of Schools. 25. A County Superintendent of Schools shall receive, in addition to his salary, the actual expenses incurred by him in the performance of his official duties, which expenses shall be paid by the collector of the county on the order of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction ; provided, that no such order shall be drawn in favor of any County Superintendent of Schools until he shall have furnished to the State Board of Education an itemized statement, certified under oath or affirmation, of the expenses he has incurred, unless he shall have, during the period in which such expenses have been incurred, faithfully performed all the duties imposed upon him by this act and by the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education ; and provided further, that in no case shall the expenses aforesaid exceed three hundred and fifty dollars annually. Payment of such expenses shall be made quarter-yearly. 26. A County Superintendent of Schools shall have power : I. To administer, without charge, oaths or affirmations to teachers and school officers; II. To issue orders on the County Collector in favor of the custodian of the school moneys of the several school districts in said county for that portion of the state school tax, the state appropriation, and the interest of the surplus revenue to which each of said school dis- tricts shall be entitled ; III. To exercise general supervision over the public schools of the county under his charge in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the State Board of Education; to visit and examine all the schools under his care; to inquire into the man- agement, methods of instruction and discipline in such schools ; to note the condition of the school-houses, sites, buildings and appurtenances; to examine the courses of SCHOOL LAW. 15 study, text-books and school libraries; to advise with and counsel boards of education in relation to their duties, particularly in respect to the construction, heat- ing, ventilating and lighting of school-houses, and to recommend to boards of education and teachers proper studies, methods, discipline and management for the schools ; IV. To appoint members of the board of education Appoint mem- , . 111 bers of boards for a new township, incorporated town or borough school of^^ation in district and for any such district which shall fail to elect such members at the regular time. Such appointees shall serve only until the next regular election in the district for members of the board of education. 27. Each County Superintendent of Schools shall ren- Annual report, der annually, on or before the first of September, to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, in the man- ner and form prescribed by him, a report of such matters relating to the schools under his supervision as shall be required by said State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion. 28. The superintendents, district clerks and the custo- R fp r , te f -i / i school officers. dians 01 schools moneys of the several school districts shall annually, on or before the first day of August, report to the County Superintendent of Schools in the manner and form prescribed by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 29. Whenever a superintendent of schools shall be citysuperin- r tendents. appointed in any city school district, the supervision of the schools of such district shall devolve upon the super- intendent of schools thereof and not upon the County Superintendent of Schools. AKTICLE IV. BOARDS OF EXAMINERS. 30. There shall be a State Board of Examiners, con- state board of sisting of the State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion, the Principal of the State Normal School and one person to be appointed by the State Board of Education. 16 SCHOOL LAW. County boards of examiners, how consti- tuted. Said last-named person shall hold office for one year from date of his appointment as aforesaid. The member of said State Board of Examiners appointed by the State Board of Education shall hold a first-grade state certifi- cate, or shall be a graduate of a college or university. compensation. He shall receive for his services, in addition to traveling expenses, such compensation as may be fixed by the State Board of Education, not. to exceed ten dollars for each meeting of said Board of Examiners. Said board shall hold examinations of teachers, grant State certifi- cates and revoke the same under yules and regulations prescribed by the State Board of Education. A certificate thus granted shall entitle the holder, without further ex- amination, to teach in any part of the state so long as said certificate shall remain valid by the terms thereof. 31. There may be in each county a County Board of Examiners consisting of the County Superintendent of Schools, who shall be its chairman, and a number of teachers not to exceed three to be appointed by him, who shall hold office for one year from the date of their respective appointments. No person shall be appointed as a county examiner unless he or she shall hold either a state or a first-grade county certificate. The County Superintendent of Schools shall fill vacancies that shall occur from absence or other cause. Said County Board of Examiners shall conduct examinations and grant cer- tificates of different grades at such times and under such rules and regulations as the State Board of Education may prescribe. It shall meet at such places as may be designated by the chairman. Each member of said Board of Examiners, except the County Superintendent of Schools, shall receive for his or her services, in addition to compensation, traveling expenses, such compensation as may be fixed by the State Board of Education not to exceed ten dollars for each regular examination, which compensation shall be paid by the County Collector on the order of the County Superintendent of Schools ; provided., that when- ever said board shall hold a special examination no com- pensation therefor shall be paid by the County Collector, but in such case said board may charge each applicant- for examination a fee not to- exceed two dollars. Meetings. Proviso, SCHOOL LAW. 17 32. In each city school district there may be a Board of city boards of. Examiners consisting of the Superintendent of Schools of such district, if there be one, and such persons as the board of education of the school district shall ap- point. No person shall be appointed as such examiner unless he or she shall hold either a state certificate or the highest grade certificate issued in said district, or shall be a graduate of a college or university. Said Board of Examiners shall, under such rules and regula- tions as the State Board of Education shall prescribe, grant certificates which shall be valid for all schools of such school district. No teacher shall be employed in any of the schools of such district unless he or she shall possess such certificate or a state or county certificate; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be con- Proviso, strued to prevent the Board of Education of such school district from prescribing and requiring other and further qualifications to teach than shall have been prescribed by the rules and regulations of the State Board of Educa- tion as aforesaid; provided further, that if any such Proviso, school district shall maintain a Normal School or a train- ing school for teachers, which school shall have been approved as to its course of study by the State Board of Education, then the diplomas or certificates issued to pupils of any such school upon graduation therefrom may be accepted by the board of education of said school district as certificates to teach valid for the schools of such school district. AKTICLE V. SCHOOL DISTRICTS. 33. Each township, city and incorporated town shall school districts, i i i j i i -ii howconsti- be a separate school district, but each incorporated village tuted. and each borough hereafter created, shall remain and be a part of the school district in which said incorpo- rated village or borough shall be situate at the time of its incorporation; and each borough heretofore incorpo- rated which shall not have assumed the functions of a separate school district by the election of a board of 2 18 SCHOOL LAW. Proviso. 1-ronso. New districts. education, or which shall not have actually acted as a separate school district, shall be and remain, and shall be deemed to have been and remained, a part of the school district in which it was situate at the time of its incorporation as a borough, any law to the contrary notwithstanding; provided, that whenever it shall ap- pear to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction that the best interest of any borough require that it be ft separate school district he shall make an order creating such borough a separate school district. Such order shall not take effect until approved by the State Board of Education ; provided further, that nothing in this section shall be construed as abolishing any school district which shall have assumed the functions of and acted as a separate school district by the election of a board of edu- cation prior to the introduction of this act, or changing the boundaries of any school district possessing complete official autonomy prior to the introduction of this act, but such district shall be and remain a separate school district until consolidated with an adjoining school dis- trict as hereinafter provided. 34. Whenever a new school district shall be created the children residing in said new district shall continue to attend the schools in which they shall be enrolled until the end of the then current school year. In case there shall be a school-house in such new district in which school shall be then maintained the board of education of the school district from which such new district shall have been set off shall have charge and control of such school until the end of the then current school year, and shall pay the salaries of the teachers, janitors and other persons employed in such school until the end of said year. In case there shall be any balance at the end of said school year in the hands of the custodian of the school moneys of the school district to the credit of the school district from which said new district shall have been set off, said custodian shall certify to the County Superintendent of Schools the amount of such balance, and what portion of such balance was received from state appropriation, state school tax and interest of the surplus revenue, and what portion was received from district SCHOOL LAW. 19 school tax. Said County Superintendent of Schools, upon receipt of such notice, shall divide between said how divided. districts that portion of the balance arising from the state appropriation, state school tax and interest of the surplus revenue on the basis of the aggregate number of days attendance of pupils in the public schools as ascertained from the last published report of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and shall divide between said districts that portion of said balance arising from district school tax on the basis of the respective ratables of said districts, and shall issue an order in favor of the custodian of the school moneys of such new district for that portion of said balance found to be due said district from the district from which it shall have been set off. 35. Whenever a township, incorporated town or bor- ough school district shall desire to consolidate with an tncts. adjoining township, incorporated town or borough school district, the board of education of said district shall peti- tion the County Superintendent of Schools of the county in which said district shall be situate, to appoint a time when meetings of the legal voters of the districts pro- posed to be consolidated shall be held, and said County Superintendent of Schools shall, upon receiving said petition, appoint a day for said meetings, and shall notify the board of education of each of said districts of his action. Each board of education receiving such notifica- Public meet- tion shall cause its district clerk to post notices calling a special meeting of the legal voters of the district for the purpose of voting on the question of the consolidation of said districts. Said meeting shall be called in the same manner as other special meetings, and shall be held on the day designated therefor by the County Superin- tendent of Schools, at such hour and place as may be determined by the board of education. The election shall Election. be by ballot, and the chairman shall appoint two tellers who shall receive and count the ballots in the presence of the chairman of the meeting. The secretary of the meet- ing shall keep a poll list and shall record therein the name of each person voting at such meeting, and shall also keep a tally sheet of the votes as counted by the 20 SCHOOL LAW. tellers. The tally sheet shall be signed by the chairman and tellers, and said tally sheet, poll list and ballots shall. be placed in a sealed package by the secretary, indorsed' with the name of the district, the name of the county in which said district shall be situate, and the date on which said election shall have been held, and said pack- age, together with a statement of the result of said elec- tion, signed by the chairman and secretary, shall be within five days after the date of said election for- warded by said secretary to the County Superintendent of Schools, and the same shall be preserved by him for one year. If the County Superintendent of Schools shall ascertain from said statements that the number of votes cast in each of said districts in favor of consolidation exceeds the number of votes cast against the same, he- shall immediately notify each of the boards of education of the result of said election, and thereafter said districts- shall constitute but one district. o r fncon- uca " 36. The board of education of each district consoli- tSc? ated dis c^ed in the manner provided in the preceding section shall, upon receipt of the notice from the County Super- intendent of Schools of such consolidation, select by lot four of its number to serve as members of the board of education of the consolidated district, and the eight mem- bers so selected shall select the ninth member of said board from among the remaining members of the board cf education of that district which shall employ the- Proviso. greater number of teachers; provided, that if the board of education of one of the districts so consolidated shall consist of but three members, all of said members shall be members of the board of education of the consolidated district, and four members of said board shall be chosen as hereinabove provided from the board of education of Proviso, the other district so consolidated ; and provided further, that if each of said boards of education shall consist of three members only, said boards shall constitute the board of education of the consolidated district, and the board constituted as hereinbefore provided shall serve until the next annual meeting for the election of members of boards of education, and the terms of office of the remaining- members of the board of education of each of said dis- SCHOOL LAW. 21 tricts so consolidated shall thereupon cease and deter- mine. At said annual meeting a board of education shall be elected as provided for the election of members of boards of education in new districts. 37. The board of education of such consolidated dis- trict shall be a body corporate and shall have all the corporate. powers and duties and be subject to the same restrictions as a board of education in a township school district, .and shall be known as and called "the board of education of the - of - (here insert the name of the municipality in which was situate that district consolidated as aforesaid which had the larger amount of taxable property as ascertained from the last pub- lished report of the State Comptroller), in the county of - ." 38. In case any township, city, incorporated town or borough shall hereafter become a separate school district, dated district -or in case two school districts shall consolidate as here- inbefore provided and form one school district, the board of education of such district, in its corporate capacity, shall become vested with the title to all school property real and personal in such district, and if, for the erec- tion, repair or purchase of any such property, there shall be an indebtedness for which the board of education of ?the school district to which said property originally be- longed shall be liable, the said indebtedness shall be assumed by and become the obligation of the board of education of the school district which shall have become vested with the title to such property, and upon pay- ment of said indebtedness by the school district originally liable therefor, an action may be maintained therefor by .the board of education so paying the said indebtedness against the board of education of the school district which shall have become vested with the property for which the said indebtedness was originally incurred, (a) (a) When a new borough is formed and set off from a township, and becomes a separate school district, and there is within the limits of the borough a school-house belonging to the board of education of the town- ship, and for the erection of which there is an indebtedness for which said board is liable, the said board is not thereby discharged from Its legal liability to pay such indebtedness, but on being compelled by suit and judgment at law to pay the same, is entitled to collect the sum so paid from the board of education of the borough. McCully v. Ridge- (field, 34 Vr. 18. 22 SCHOOL LAW. Assumption of ndebtedness. Repayment of indebtedness. Length of school term. Proviso. Proviso. 39. In case any borough, township, incorporated tow or other municipality or any part thereof shall have been annexed to another municipality and there shall be- within the limits of such borough, township, incorpo- rated town or other municipality, or such part thereof as shall have been annexed to another municipality as- aforesaid, any school-house or property formerly belong- ing to the board of education of such borough, township,, incorporated town or other municipality, and for the erection, purchase, furnishing or repair of which there shall be an indebtedness for which the board of education of such borough, township, incorporated town or other municipality shall be liable, the said indebtedness shall 1 be assumed by and become the obligation of the board of education of the municipality to which such borough,. tOAvnship, incorporated town or other municipality shall have been annexed. 40. Whenever the board of education of any township, incorporated town, borough or other municipality shall pay any portion of an indebtedness existing at the time of the formation of a new township, incorporated town,, borough or other municipality, or at the time of the annexation of such township, incorporated town, borough or other municipality, or part thereof, to another munici- pality as aforesaid, which indebtedness shall have been assumed by and shall have become the obligation of the board of education of such new township, incorporated town, borough or other municipality, said last-mentioned board shall repay to the board of education of said first- mentioned township, incorporated town, borough or other- municipality the amount of said payment, with interest. 41. The state appropriation and the state school tax shall not be apportioned in any year to any district which shall not have maintained a public school for at least nine months during the preceding school year ; provided, that the State Superintendent of Public Instruction may, for good cause shown, remit said penalty ; and provided further, that said appropriation and said state school tax shall be apportioned to a new district, or to a dis- trict in which the school shall have been discontinued SCHOOL LAW. on account of the repairing of an old, or the erection of a new school building. ARTICLE VI. BOARDS OF EDUCATION IN CITY SCHOOL DISTRICTS- 42. In each city, the mayor or other chief executive officer of such city shall, during the month of December, by the'mayor. next after the acceptance of the provisions of this section, as is hereinafter provided, appoint nine persons to be members of the board of education of such city school district, who shall severally possess the qualifications for said membership prescribed in this article. Three of Term, such persons shall be appointed to serve for one year, three for two years and three for three years, and an- nually thereafter, during the month of December, the said mayor or other chief executive officer of such city shall appoint three members of said board of education to serve for the term of three years, to take the place of those members whose terms shall expire in such year. Any vacancy in such board of education shall be forth- JJ5 ncy how " with reported by the secretary of said board to the mayor or other chief executive officer, who shall, within thirty days thereafter, appoint a person to fill such vacancy for the unexpired term. To every such ap- pointee, as aforesaid, said mayor or other chief executive officer shall issue and deliver a certificate of appoint- ment. The term of office of a member of the board of education, except a member appointed to fill an unexpired term, shall begin on the first day of January next suc- ceeding his appointment. 43. In each city, there shall be elected at the first Board of edu J> . tkm elected. municipal election held in such city next after the ac- ceptance of this section as hereinafter provided, nine persons to be members of the board of education of such city school district, who shall severally possess the quali- fications for said membership prescribed in this article. Three of such persons shall be elected to serve for one Term, year, three for two years and three for three years, and thereafter, at the regular municipal election in such 24 SCHOOL LAW. Vacancy. Qualification for member- ship. Take oath of office. Removal for non-attend- ance: at meet- ings. NocomperM tion. Board of educa- tion incor- porated. city in each year, there shall be elected three members of said board of education to serve for the term of three years, to take the place of those members whose terms shall expire in such year. Should any vacancy occur in such 'board of education, the remaining members of said board shall, within thirty days thereafter, appoint a person to fill such vacancy to serve only until the next succeeding municipal election in said city, at which elec- tion a member shall be elected to serve for the unex- pired term. The term of office of a member of the board of education, except a member elected to fill an nnexpired term, shall begin on the first day of January next succeeding his election. 44. A member of a board of education created under the provisions of this article shall be at least twenty-five years of age, a citizen and resident of the school district, and shall have been such citizen and resident for at least three years immediately preceding his or her becoming a member of such board and shall be able to read and write. He shall not be interested directly or indirectly in any contract with or claim against said board. 45. A member of such board of education shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, take and subscribe an oath before any officer authorized by law to admin- ister oaths, that he possesses the qualifications to be a member of said board prescribed therefor by this article, and that he will faithfully discharge the duties of his said office. Said oath shall be filed with the city clerk of the city. 46. A member of such board of education who shall fail to attend three consecutive regular meetings of said board without good cause, may be removed by said board ; the vacancy thus created shall be filled in the same man- ner as other vacancies in the board of education shall be filled. 47. A member of such board of education shall receive no compensation for his services. 48. A board of education created under the provisions of this article shall be a body corporate, and shall be known as and called "the board of education of the city SCHOOL LAW. 25 of - in the county of - ," and shall adopt an official seal. 49. Such board shall, on the day the term of office of organization of \ . . , , . board of edu- the members first appointed or elected as provided in cation, section forty-two or forty-three, shall begin, and an- nually thereafter at the first regular meeting of said board on or after the first day of January, organize by -electing one of its members as president and another as vice-president, which officers shall serve for one year and until their respective successors shall be elected. 50. Such board shall, in and by its corporate name, May sue, etc. sue and be sued, purchase, lease, receive, hold and sell property, real and personal, take and condemn land and other property for school purposes in the manner pro- P ses - vided by law regulating the ascertainment and payment of compensation for property condemned or taken for public use, and, if either party shall feel aggrieved by any proceedings and award thereunder, said party may appeal in the manner provided by law for appeals from such proceedings and award, and shall do all acts and things necessary for the lawful and proper conduct and maintenance of the public schools of its school district. 51. Such board shall succeed to and be vested with all vested rights, the property of every kind, and all the rights and privi- leges, not inconsistent with the provisions of this act, theretofore vested in or possessed by any board of educa- tion, school commissioners, or other body theretofore having charge and control of the public schools or public school property of the school district or of the city in which said district shall be situate. 52. The title to school property, real and personal, pre- Title to school viously acquired by said school district, or by any ante- STSSSof 8 * J/VJ.CJ ' . . " , education. cedent board 01 education, school commissioners, or by any other body for school purposes in said school district, or in the city in which the said district shall be situate, and the title to all lands, buildings and other property to be hereafter acquired for school purposes in said school district shall vest in the board of education in said district created under the provisions of this article. 53. Every such board shall have the supervision, con- Management of trol and management of the public schools and public 26 SCHOOL LAW. Appoint secre- tary, superin- tendent, etc, Make rules and regulations. Proposals for sxipplies. Proviso. Specifications and contracts. Annual report. school property in its district. It shall appoint a person to be its secretary, and may appoint a superintendent of schools, a business manager and other officers, agents and employes as may be needed, and may fix their compensation and terms of employment, but no such appointee, officer, agent or employe, other than the secre- tary, shall be a member of said board. 54. Such board shall make, amend and repeal rules r regulations and by-laws not inconsistent with this act or with the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education, for its own government, for the transac- tion of business, and for the government and manage- ment of the public schools and the public school property in said district, and also for the employment and dis- charge of principals and teachers. 55. Such board of education shall, prior to the be- ginning of each school year, cause advertisement to be made under such regulations as it may provide, for pro- posals for furnishing supplies required in the schools- and by said board during the ensuing year. If other and further supplies shall be required during the year,, they shall be purchased in like manner. Xo contract shall be entered into for the building of a new school- house or for the enlarging or repairing of a school-house- already erected, except after advertisement made under such regulations as said board may prescribe ; provided* that the board may at any time order repairs to school buildings to an amount not exceeding five hundred dol- lars, and may authorize the purchase of supplies to an amount not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars without advertisement. Text-books and kindergarten supplies may be purchased without advertisement. 56. Xo bid for building or repairing school-houses or for supplies shall be accepted which does not conform to the specifications furnished therefor, and all contracts shall be awarded to the lowest responsible bidder. 57. Such board of education shall, as soon as prac- ticable after the close of each school year, cause to be printed and published a report of the condition of the public schools under its charge, of all the property under SCHOOL LAW. 27 its control, and an itemized account of the expenditures of the board and of the finances of the district A secretary shall be appointed by the majority secretary, vote of all the members of the board of education; he shall be paid such salary as said board shall determine, and mav be removed by a majority vote of all the members of said board. He shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, execute and deliver to said board a bond in a sum to be fixed by said board, but not less Bond, than two thousand dollars, with surety or sureties to be approved by said board conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. Said board may accept the bond or undertaking of a trust company or surety or indemnity company, and may pay the annual premium or fee therefor as a current expense of said board. 59. The secretary may appoint and remove clerks in Powers of sec- his office, but the number and salaries of such clerks shall be determined by the board of education. 60. The secretary shall record the proceedings of the g*J<* of secre- board and of its committees, and shall be the custodian of all securities, documents, title papers, books of record and other papers belonging to the board under such con- ditions as said board shall direct. 61. The secretary shall collect tuition fees and other moneys due to the board of education, except moneys apportioned by the County Superintendent of Schools or appropriated by the city, and shall deposit with the custodian of the school moneys of the district all moneys collected by him, and shall render monthly to the board of education a report of the receipts during the pre- ceding month. 62. The secretary shall be the general accountant of the board of education and shall preserve in his office all accounts, vouchers and contracts relating to the pub- lic schools. He shall examine and audit all accounts and demands against said board. Such accounts and demands exceeding in amount the sum of five dollars, except for salaries, shall be verified by affidavit. 63. Xo claim or demand shall be audited or paid claims, how- paid. unless it shall be authorized by law and the rules of the 28 SCHOOL LAW. board of education and be fully itemized, nor unless the amount required to pay the same shall have been theretofore appropriated by said board. Disbursements, (54. All disbursements of the board of education shall glow made. be by warrant drawn on the custodian of the school moneys of the district, signed by the president of said board and countersigned by the secretary. All warrants drawn in accordance with the provisions of this section, accompanied by itemized statements of the claims or demands that have been drawn, shall be forwarded, by said secretary, to the comptroller, auditor or other officer, if there be one, authorized by law to audit claims and demands against the municipality in which such district shall be situate. Said comptroller, auditor or other officer shall examine and audit such warrants and state- ments, and, if they shall be found to be correct, counter- sign said warrants and forward them to the city treasurer, who, by virtue of his office as city treasurer, shall be the custodian of school moneys for said city. If said comptroller, auditor or other officer or body shall have reason to believe that the claim or demand for which any such warrant shall have been issued is incorrect, such warrant, and the statement accompanying it, shall be returned to the secretary of the board of education, with a statement of the reasons why the same should not be paid, and said secretary shall correct such warrant and statement, or present them to the board of education at its next meeting. If said board shall find that such claim or demand is correct and just it shall, by a vote of a majority of all the members of said board, order that it be paid, and said comptroller, auditor or other officer or body shall, upon receipt of the warrant and statement thereof, countersign the warrant and forward it to said city treasurer. Monthly state- 05. The secretary shall report monthly to the board * ai 7- ' of education the amount for which warrants shall have been drawn during the preceding month, the accounts against which said warrants shall have been drawn and the balance to the credit of each account, and shall, at the close of the fiscal year, make a full itemized report of the finances of the school district. SCHOOL LAW. 66. Whenever a superintendent of schools shall be appointed, it shall be by a majority vote of all of the members of the board of education. He shall receive salary, such salary as said board shall determine, which salary shall not be reduced during his employment. He may be removed by a majority vote of all the members of said board. He shall have a seat in said board and the right to speak on all educational matters, but shall not have the right to vote. 67. The board of education may, on the nomination of the superintendent of schools, appoint assistant super- ents. intendents and shall fix their salaries. Assistant super- intendents may be removed by a majority vote of all the members of said board. 68. No person shall be appointed superintendent of Qualification* T , , . . of superin- schools, or assistant superintendent under the provisions tendents. of this article unless he shall hold a state teacher's certificate; provided, that this section shall not apply Proviso, to a superintendent of schools employed in any city school district at the time of the passage of this act. 69. The superintendent of schools shall, when required Duties of super- 7 ^ . intendents. by the board of education, devote himself exclusively to the duties of his office. He shall have general super- vision over the schools of the district and shall examine into their condition and progress and report thereon from time to time as directed by the board of education. He shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of education, He may appoint and remove clerks in his office, but the number and salaries of such clerks shall be determined by the board of education. Said superintendent shall render annually on or before the first day of August to ent - the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and in the manner and form prescribed by him, a report of such matters relating to the schools under his supervision as shall be required by said State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 70. The appointment, promotion, removal and transfer Appointment .. , of teachers of teachers, the adoption and change of text-books and and selection ,,,,-, , ' . of text-books. courses of study shall be made by a majority vote of all the members of the board of education. 30 SCHOOL LAW. Suspension of teacher. Proviso. Business manager. Salary. Bond. Duties of busi- ness manager. Plans of school houses to be supervised by business man- ager. Proviso. 71. The superintendent of schools may, with the ap- proval of the president of the board of education, suspend any assistant superintendent, principal or teacher, and shall forthwith report such suspension to the board of education, which board shall take such action for the restoration or removal of such assistant superintendent, principal or teacher as it shall deem proper; provided; that such action shall be by a majority vote of all the members of said board. 72. Whenever a business manager shall be appointed it shall be by a majority vote of all the members of the board of education. He shall receive such salary as said board shall determine. He shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, execute and deliver to the board of education a bond in a sum to be fixed by said board, but not less than two thousand dollars, with surety or sureties to be approved by said board, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. Said board may accept the bond or undertaking of a trust company, surety or indemnity company and may pay the annual premium or fee therefor as a current expense of said board. Said business manager may, by a majority vote of all the members of the board of education, be removed from office. He shall have a seat in said board, and the right to speak on all matters relating to his de- partment, but shall not have the right to vote. 73. The business manager shall have charge and care of the public school buildings, and all other property belonging to the school district. He may appoint and remove clerks in his office, but the number and salaries of such clerks shall be determined by the board of education. 74. All plans and specifications for the erection, im- provement or repair of public school-houses shall be drawn by or under the supervision of the business man- ager, if there be one, and shall be approved by the board of education. Said business manager, if there be one, shall supervise the construction and repair of all school- buildings, and shall report monthly to the board of education the progress of the work; provided, that re- pairs not exceeding the sum of one hundred dollars may SCHOOL LAW. 31 loe ordered by the business manager, and repairs not exceeding the sum of five hundred dollars may be ordered "by the committee of the board having charge of the repair of school property, without the previous order of the board and without advertisement. The business manager, if there be one, shall superintend all advertisements for bids and the letting of all contracts. He shall inspect all work done and materials or supplies furnished under -contract, and shall, subject to the approval of the board of education, condemn any work and reject any material or supplies which, in his judgment, dp not conform to the specifications contained in the contract therefor, and shall perform such other duties as may be required by the board of education. 75. In every school district the board of education Board of school * estimate, how shall appoint two of its members, and the common constituted. council, board of finance or other body in such city having the power to make appropriations of money raised by taxes in said city, shall appoint two of its members, which persons so appointed, together with the mayor or other chief executive officer of the city, shall constitute a board to be known as the "Board of School Estimate" of said school district. Said appointments shall be made annually during the month of January. The secretary secretary of . J * i board of school of the board of education shall be the secretary of the estimate. board of school estimate, but shall receive no compensa- tion as such. 76. On or before the fifteenth day of May in each ^$%* m ~ year, the board of education of such city school district board of educa- shall prepare and deliver to each member of said "Board of School Estimate" an itemized statement of the amount of money estimated to be necessary for the current ex- penses of and for repairing and furnishing the public schools of such district for the ensuing school year, and also the amount which shall have been apportioned to such district by the county superintendent. 77. Between the fifteenth day of May and the first Appropria- - * * tions, amount, day of June in each year said "Board of School Esti- mate" shall fix and determine the amount of money necessary to be appropriated for the use of the public schools in such district for the ensuing school year, exclu- 32 SCHOOL LAW. Appropria- tions, how made. Proviso. sive of the amount which shall have been apportioned to it by the County Superintendent of Schools. Said "Board of School Estimate" shall, on or before the last-named date, make two certificates of said amount, signed by at least three of the members of said board, one of which certificates shall be delivered to the board of education of said school district, and the other to the common council, board of finance, or other body in the city having the power to make appropriations of moneys raised by taxes in such city. Said common council, board of finance or other body shall, upon receipt of said notice, appropriate in the same manner as other appropriations are made by it the amount so certified as aforesaid, and said amount shall be assessed, levied and collected in the same manner as moneys appropriated for other pur- poses in such city shall be assessed, levied and collected \ provided, that any amount in excess of three-fourths of one per centum of the taxable valuation of the real and personal property shall be appropriated only with the concurrence and consent of said common council, board of finance or other body, expressed by its resolu- tion duly passed; and provided further, that if the charter of the city shall limit the amount of tax or the rate of taxation in such city, so that the provisions of this section cannot be carried out, or shall otherwise by its terms prevent the carrying out of the provisions of this section, the same shall be hereafter held not to apply to the raising of money under the provisions of this section. Appropria- 73. Whenever a city board of education shall decide tions for school necessai 7 * raise money for the purchase of lands for school purposes, or for erecting, enlarging, repairing or furnishing a school-house or school-houses,. it shall prepare and deliver to each member of the "Board of School Estimate" of such school district a statement of the amount of money estimated to be necessary for such purpose or purposes. Said "Board of School Estimate" shall fix and determine the amount necessary for such purpose or purposes, and shall make two certificates of such amount, one of which certificates shall be delivered to the board of education, and the other to the common Proviso. determined w ^ SCHOOL LAW. 33 council, board of finance or other body in the city having the power to make appropriations of money raised by tax in such city. Said common council, board of finance or other body may appropriate such sum or sums for such purpose or purposes in the same manner as other appropriations are made by it, and said sum or sums shall be raised, assessed, levied and collected at the same time and in the same manner as moneys appropriated for other purpose in such city are raised, assessed, levied and collected, or said common council, board of finance or other body may appropriate and borrow such sum or sums for the purpose or purposes aforesaid, and may secure the repayment of the sum or sums so -borrowed, together with interest thereon at a rate not to exceed five per centum per annum, by the issue of bonds in * &* for e the corporate name of such city. Bonds so issued shall be designated "school bonds;' 7 shall be of such denomi- nation as said common council, board of finance or other body may determine, and shall be made payable in not more than thirty years from the date thereof. Such bonds may be registered or coupon bonds, or may be registered and coupon bonds combined at the option of such common council, board of finance or other body. The proceeds of the sale of such bonds shall be deposited with the custodian of school moneys of such school dis- trict, and shall be paid out only on the warrants or orders of the board of education; provided, that the Proviso, total amount of bonds for the purposes named in this section, including bonds theretofore issued for such pur- poses, and not redeemed, shall not exceed at any one time a sum equal to three per centum of the taxable valuation of the real and. personal property in such city ; provided further, that if the charter of the city shall Proviso, limit the amount of indebtedness in such city, or shall by its terms prevent the carrying out of the provisions of this section, the same shall be hereafter held not to apply to the issuing of bonds under the provisions of this section. 79. Any such board of education shall have all the Powers of board powers granted to boards of education under other articles OI 3 34 SCHOOL LAW. of this act, except as they are limited by or are incon- sistent with the provisions of this article. 80 * ^^ e acce P tance of the provisions of section forty- two or f rt J" tnree sna H be submitted to the qualified tu r under 5S" voters ^ anv G ^J at a general or municipal election to lions 42 atd 43. be held therein ; provided, that such submission shall be had and such vote shall be taken whenever the common council, board of aldermen or other legislative body of the city, or the board of education of any school district situate in such city shall have, by resolution, determined that such question shall be so submitted, or whenever at least five per centum of the legal voters of such city, as shown by the election returns at the last election in such city, shall, by their petition duly signed and deliv- ered to the clerk of such city, have requested that such question shall be so submitted; provided further, that the question of accepting the provisions of either section forty-two or forty-three shall not be submitted to the legal voters of any city more often than once in five Management to years. In any city school district, until the organization remain in pre- J i < -i . TIT -i- ent boards until of a board of education in such school district as provided new boards . ... ,, , organized. m section forty-two or forty-three of this act, the ad- ministration and conduct of the public schools and the management and control of the public school property therein, shall remain in and shall be exercised by any board of education or other body theretofore having Powers of control of the public schools therein. Said board of boaid. education or other body shall be hereafter deemed to be incorporated under the provisions of section forty-eight of this act, and shall have all the powers and be charged with all the duties conferred or inrposed upon a board of education as provided in this article, and the members cf any such board of education or other body shall be selected, elected or appointed at the same time, in the same manner, and shall serve for the same terms as members of such board of education or other body have when old been heretofore selected, elected or appointed. Upon by the board of education. Not less than seven notices of such meeting, specifying the day, time, abject and place thereof, shall be posted by the district clerk at least ten days before the date of such meeting; one of such notices shall be posted on each school-house within the district, and at such other public places therein as Penalty for the board of education of said district shall direct. Any failure to post ... . ,,. ., notices. district clerk who shall fail to post notices calling said annual meeting as required by this section shall pay a fine of twenty dollars, to be' recovered in a court for . the trial of small causes by any resident of said school district. A plurality of the votes cast shall be sufficient to elect a member of a board of education. 85. A member of a board of education created under SCHOOL LAW. 37 the provisions of this article shall be at least twenty-five years of age, a citizen and resident of the school district, &nd shall have been such citizen and resident for at least three years immediately preceding his or her becoming a member of such board, and shall be able to read and write. He shall not be interested directly or indirectly in any contract with nor claim against said board. 86. Every male citizen of the United States who Qualifications shall have the qualifications required for electors for the ? n n o1 meet - Oeneral Assembly of the State of New Jersey, shall have the right to vote at such meeting. Every female citizen of the United States of the age of twenty-one \ears and possessing the qualifications respecting resi- dence required of male voters, shall have the right to vote at any annual or special school meeting of the legal voters of said school district for any purpose other than the election of members of the board of education, (a) 87. All elections for members of a board of education Elections to be created under the provisions of this article shall be by ballot. The polls for such election shall remain open one hour and as much longer as may be necessary to -enable the legal voters present to cast their ballots. Said ballots may be printed or written, or partly printed and partly written. In case a member of a board of education is to be elected for a full term, and a member is to be elected to fill an unexpired term, the ballots shall desig- nate which of the persons voted for is to be elected for the full term, and which for the unexpired term. The Method of con- i . -, . . ,-, ducting elec- chairman of the meeting shall appoint two tellers who shall receive and count the ballots in his presence and said chairman shall announce the result of such election. The secretary of the meeting shall keep a poll-list and record therein the name of each person voting at such election and shall also keep a tally-sheet of the votes (a) 1. Trustees of school districts are municipal officers, and being elected by the people, those who vote for them must have the qualifi- cations required by Article II. of the Constitution of New Jersey. State v. Deshlcr, 1 Butcher 177. 2. School trustees are officers within Article II., paragraph 1, of the Constitution, so that, if they are made elective by the people, only male citizens can vote for them. Kimball v. Hendee, 28 Vr. 307. 3. Women may vote at school meetings for all purposes except the election of officers. Landis v. Ashworth, 28 Vr. 509; Chamberlain v. Cranbury, 28 Vr. 605. 38 SCHOOL LAW. Two ballot- boxes in cer- tain cases. as counted by the tellers. The tally-sheet shall be signed by the chairman and tellers, and said tally-sheet, poll- list and ballots shall be placed by the secretary in a sealed package indorsed with the name of the district,, the name of the county in which said district shall be situate and the date on which said election shall have been held, and said package, together with a statement of the result of said election signed by the chairman and secretary, shall be, by said secretary, deposited with the district clerk, and a copy of said statement shall be forwarded by said secretary to the County Superin- tendent of Schools within five days after the date of such election and the same shall be preserved for one year. 88. At any annual meeting when the question of rais- ing a tax, the issuing of bonds, or the establishing of a union graded school is to be voted on, two ballot-boxes shall be provided and two tellers shall be appointed for each box. One of said boxes shall be used to receive the ballots for members of the board of education and the other to receive the ballots for the other objects enumerated in this section. 89. Each board of education elected as provided in this article shall be a body corporate, and shall be known as and called "the board of education of the township (town or borough, as the case may be) of , in- the county of ." 90. Each board of education created under the pro- visions of this article shall organize within ten days- after the annual school meeting by the election of one of its members as president, and a district clerk, and may fix the compensation of said clerk. If said board shall fail to organize within ten days the County Super- intendent of Schools shall appoint, from among said members a president and a district clerk. In case >the office of president or district clerk shall become vacant, the board <3f education shall, within thirty days there- after, fill such vacancy for the unexpired term, and if it shall fail to fill said vacancy within the said thirty days the County Superintendent of Schools shall fill Oath of office, such vacancy for the unexpired term. A member of such board of education shall, before entering upon the Corporate Dame of board of education. Organization of board of educa- tion. Vacancies, how filled. SCHOOL LAW. 39 duties of his office, take and subscribe an oath before any officer authorized by law to administer oaths, that he possesses the qualifications to be a member of said board prescribed therefor in this article, and that he will faithfully discharge the duties of his said office. Said oath shall be filed with the district clerk of said board. 91. The board of education shall have power: SfJSSSSf* I. To appoint a person to fill a vacancy in the board Appoint mem- of education, but the person so appointed shall, serve vacancy, only until the next regular election for members of the board of education; (a) II. To employ and dismi'ss principals, teachers, jani- Employ teach- tors, mechanics and laborers, and to fix, alter and order paid their salaries and compensation; III. To make and enforce rules and regulations not Make rules, in conflict with this act nor with the rules and regula- tions of the State Board of Education for the govern- ment of schools, pupils and teachers; IV. To purchase, sell and improve school grounds; o^^se to erect, lease, enlarge, improve, repair or furnish school houses, buildings and to borrow money therefor with or without mortgage; provided, that for any such act it shall have Proviso the previous authority of a vote of the legal voters of the district; V. To take and condemn land and other property for school purposes in the manner provided by law regu- P ses - lating the ascertainment and payment of compensation for property condemned and taken for public use. If either party shall feel aggrieved by any proceedings and award thereunder, said party may appeal in the manner provided by law for appeals from such proceedings and award ; provided, that before beginning any proceedings Proviso, for taking and condemning land and other property, the board of education shall have the authority of a vote of the legal voters of the district; VI. To insure school buildings, furniture and other P "operty Ch001 school property, and to receive, lease and hold in trust for the district any and all real or personal property for the benefit of the schools thereof; (a) The office of trustee is not vacated by an unaccepted resignation. Townsend v. Trustees, dc. t 12 Vr. 312. 40 SCHOOL LAW. Select text- books, etc. Suspend or ex- pel pupils. Provide text- books. Call special meetings of legal voters. VII. To enforce the rules and regulations prescribed by the State Board of Education, select the text-books, and, in connection with the County Superintendent of Schools, to prescribe the course of study to be pursued in the school or schools under its charge; (a) VIII. To suspend or expel pupils from school: IX. To provide text-books and other necessary school supplies ; X. To call a special meeting of the legal voters of the district at any time when in its judgment the interests of the school require it, or whenever fifty of such legal voters shall request it by petition so to do. In the notices of any special meeting, called upon petition as aforesaid, shall be inserted the purposes named in said petition so far as the same are not in conflict with the provisions of this act. !N"o business shall be transacted at any special meeting except such as shall have been set forth in the notices by which said meeting was called. Special meetings shall be called in the manner provided for calling the annual meetings ;(&) (a) The school laws are not rendered special or local, or otherwise unconstitutional by the fact that under them a higher grade of education may be afforded to the children in one district than that offered to those in another. Landis v. Ashworth, 28 Vr, 509. (b) 1. A special meeting of the legal voters of a school district, duly called, may vote to raise money for school purposes, although such appro- priation has been refused at the annual meeting. State, Trustees, &c., v. Lewis, 6 Vr. 377. Special meetings of the voters of a school district cannot be called unless ordered by the board of trustees regularly con- vened. Bogert v. Trustees, dc., 14 Vr. 358. Where money is ordered to be raised by taxation at a special meeting, the previous action of the trustees in calling such meeting in pursuance of authority here given, must appear in the certificate of the clerk to the assessor. Lamb v. Hurff, 9 Vr. 310 ; Slack v. Palmer, 10 Vr. 250. 2. Notices for special school meetings to raise special school taxes should be put up at least ten days before the time of meeting. Davis V. Rapp, 14 Vr. 594. 3. At a special district meeting called by the board of trustees of a school district to build an addition to a school-house, a majority of the votes of the taxable residents present at a meeting is sufficient authority to act. Crandall v. Trustees, dc., 22 Vr. 138. 4. A special school tax, ordered by a special meeting of the voters, which was not called by the board of trustees and of which the district clerk did not give notice, will be set aside. Apgar v. Van Syckle, 17 Vr. 492. 5. A special meeting can vote to raise money to build a school-house, although a similar proposition has been rejected at a previous special meeting held in the same year. Stackhouse v. School District 43, Sussex Co., 23 Vr. 291 ; Chamberlain v. Cranbury, 28 Vr. 605. SCHOOL LAW. 41 XL To permit a school-house to be used for other use of school- house for other than school purposes when the board shall consent purposes. thereto ; XII. To adopt an official seal by which all its official seal, acts may be authenticated ; XIII. To make an annual report to the County Su- Annual report, perintendent of Schools on or before the first day of August in the manner and form prescribed by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction; XIV. To borrow, after the first day of July and Borrow money." before the first day of January, a sum not exceeding one-half of the amount appropriated for the current expenses of the schools and for the repair of school- houses under its control, and to execute and deliver promissory notes therefor, and to pay the amount so borrowed together with interest thereon, at a rate not exceeding six per centum per annum. 92. A board of education may appoint a suitable per- son as supervising principal of schools, define his duties and fix his salary; provided, that no person shall be Proviso. appointed supervising principal unless he or she shall hold either a state or first-grade county certificate; and Proviso. provided further, that the boards of education of two or more districts may unite in employing a supervising principal. 93. No principal or teacher shall be appointed or Majority vote required in cer- dismissed, nor the amount of his or her salary fixed; tam cases, no school term shall be determined, nor shall any course of study be adopted or altered, nor text-books selected, except by a majority vote of the whole number of mem- bers of the board of education. 94. The board of education of every school district Regular meet- elected under the provisions of this article, shall meet for the transaction of business at least once in two months during the period that the schools in said dis- trict shall be in session. !N"o contract shall be entered into by a board of education, nor shall any bill or demand for money against such board be paid until the same shall have been presented and passed on at a regularly called meeting of the board. 42 SCHOOL LAW. Bills must be itemized. Proviso. Affidavit to bills. Penalty for vio- lation of provi- sions of section. Duties of dis- trict clerk. Post notices of district meet- ings. 95. It shall be unlawful for any board of education to order paid out of the school moneys under its control, any money for school supplies, books, maps, charts, globes, fuel, erecting, enlarging, repairing, furnishing; or improving school buildings and grounds, unless the person claiming said money shall first present to said board an itemized bill showing the name of the person to whom the amount of such bill is due ; provided that the district clerk, whenever authorized by said board,, may purchase such supplies for the school or schools- under its control and shall present an itemized bill of the same with his affidavit attached, which bill shall be- acted on and paid as other bills are paid. Every person- presenting any such bill exceeding in amount the sum of five dollars, shall make an affidavit that the goods* or services itemized in said bill have been delivered or rendered, and that no bonus nor reward has been given or received by any person with the knowledge of the deponent in connection with the claim, and that said bill is correct and true. The district clerk is hereby authorized to take said affidavit without cost. Any member of a board of education who shall willfully violate the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and punished by a fine not to exceed one hundred dollars. Said fine when collected shall be paid to the custodian of the school moneys of the school district for the use of the district. 96. The district clerk shall record in a suitable book all proceedings of the board of education, of the annual school meetings, and of special school meetings. He shall pay out by orders on the custodian of the school moneys of the school district, and in the manner pre- scribed by law, all school moneys of the district. He shall keep a correct and detailed account of all the expenditures of school moneys in the district, and shall report the same to the County Superintendent of Schools* At each annual school meeting he shall present his record-books and his accounts for public inspection, and! shall make a statement of the financial condition of the district. He shall post notices of the annual and of any special meeting of the legal voters, and shall insert in SCHOOL LAW. 43- said notices the object or objects for which said meeting shall be called, and shall notify all members of the board of education of all regular and special meetings of the board. 97. A member of a board of education elected under Removal of < i. i i YI * *i i member for not the provisions of this article who shall fail to attend attending <. -i i meetings. three consecutive regular meetings of said board, with- out good cause, may be removed by said board, and the vacancy thus created shall be filled in the same manner as other vacancies in the board of education shall be filled. 98. The boards of education in the several school dis- semi-annual meetings of tricts in each county organized under the provisions of Jjjgj^ 8 of edu ~ this article, shall meet together semi-annually at such times and places as the County Superintendent of Schools shall appoint. 99. A board of education may sue and be sued, com- Right to sue, plain and defend in any court of law and equity, and employ counsel therefor, and the amount of the expense incurred by said board in conducting or defending any such suit shall be certified to the assessor by the president and district clerk of such board, and said amount shall be assessed and collected in the next annual tax levy, (a) AETICLE VIII. TEACHEKS. 100. A board of education may make rules and regu- Rules for the lations governing the engagement and employment of teacner men teachers and principals, the terms and tenure of such employment, and the promotion and dismissal of such teachers and principals, the salaries, and the time and mode of payment thereof, and may from time to time change, amend or repeal such rules and regulations. The employment of any teacher by such board, and the rights (a) The action must be brought against the district by its corporate name, and not against the trustees in their individual names, with description appended of "Trustees, &c." Sproul v. Smith, 11 Vr. 314. The trustees of a school district, In their corporate capacity, are not liable to be sued in a justice's or district court. Townsend v. Trustees, dc. t 12 Vr. 312 ; Trustees, dc., v. Stacker, 13 Vr. 115. 44 SCHOOL LAW. Contract with teacher. and duties of such teacher with respect to such employ- ment, shall be dependent upon and shall be governed by the rules and regulations in force with reference thereto. If a board of education shall not have made rules and regulations as aforesaid, then no contract between such board of education and a teacher shall be valid unless the same shall be in writing, or partly written and partly printed, in triplicate, signed by the president and dis- trict clerk or secretary of the board of education and by the teacher. One copy thereof shall be filed with the board of education, one copy with the teacher and one copy with the county or city superintendent. Such con- tract shall specify the date when such teacher shall begin teaching, the kind and grade of certificate held by said teacher and the date when said certificate will expire, the salary, and such other matter as may be necessary .school month, to a full and complete understanding of the same. In every such contract, unless otherwise specified, a month shall be construed and taken to be twenty school days or four weeks of five school days each. The salary specified in every such contract shall be paid in equal monthly installments, not later than five days after the close of each month while the school shall be in session. Any contract or engagement between a board of educa- tion and a teacher shall cease and determine and be of no effect against said board whenever said board shall ascertain by notice in writing received from the county or city superintendent or otherwise, that said teacher is not in possession of a proper teacher's certificate in full force and effect, notwithstanding the term or en- gagement for which such contract shall have been made may not then have expired. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall prepare and distribute blanks for contracts between boards of education and teachers, (a) 101. In case the dismissal of any teacher before the expiration of any contract entered into between such teacher and a board of education shall, upon appeal, be decided to have been without good cause, such teacher Blank con- tracts prepared by state super- intendent. Dismissal of teacher. (a) The employment of teachers by school corporations is an act judicial In its character, and should be done at a meeting of the trustees, of which all should have notice and in which all have an opportunity to participate. Townsend v. Trustees, rfc., 12 Vr. 312. SCHOOL LAW. shall be entitled to compensation for the full term for which said contract shall have been made; but it shall be optional with the board of education whether such teacher shall or shall not teach for the unexpired term, (a) 102. If a teacher employed by a board of education shall leave the school before the expiration of the term of his or her employment, without the consent of the contract, board of education, said teacher shall be deemed guilty of unprofessional conduct, and the State Superintendent of Public Instruction is authorized, upon receiving notice of such fact, to suspend the certificate of such teacher for a period not exceeding one year. 103. Every teacher in a public school shall keep a Teacher to . -I -i i /> i keep school- School register in the manner provided therelor, and no register. salary shall be paid to such teacher until the district clerk or other officer or person authorized to deliver the check, order or warrant for such salary shall ascertain that such register has been properly kept for the time for which salary is demanded, and shall enter upon said register a certificate to that effect. The check, order or warrant for the balance of salary due any teacher at the time of closing the school for the summer vacation, or of leaving the school before the end of the school year, shall not be delivered to such teacher until the district clerk or other officer authorized to deliver (a) 1. A school teacher who has rendered services according to the requirements of the School law, and is refused compensation out of the fund specially provided for that purpose, is entitled to a mandamus to compel the proper officers to perform their duty, and to make payment of what is justly due. Apgar v. School Trustees, &c., 5 Vr. 308. 2. In an action brought by a teacher to recover of the trustees of a school district for services as a teacher, an objection that the plaintiff was not the holder of a proper teacher's certificate in full force and effect cannot be made after the evidence is closed and the cause is being summed up. Sproul v. Smith, 11 Vr. 314. 3. A school teacher who has litigated successfully before the state superintendent the controverted questions upon which her right to com- pensation depends, is entitled to a writ of mandamus to enforce a decision In her favor. Thompson v. Board of Education, 28 Vr. 628. 4. In such a case the only burden upon the relator is to show that the jurisdiction of the state superintendent extended to the matter in dispute and over the parties in controversy. Iltid. 5. Special tribunals created by statute have exclusive jurisdiction over all controversies arising under such statutes, and an action at law cannot be maintained by a public school teacher for the purpose of contesting the legality of the action of a local school board in dismissing him before the term of service provided in his contract of employment has expired. Draper v. Camden, 48 Atl. Rep. 556. SCHOOL LAW. Proviso. Teachers not required to teach on holi- days. Teacher's authority orer pupils. Proviso. orporal pun- ishment pro- hibited. Teacher must hold certificate. Religious exer- cises. such check, order or warrant shall have received written notice from the county or city superintendent that such teacher has filed with him his or her annual report on the blank furnished for that purpose by the State Super- intendent of Public Instruction; provided, that in any school in which more than one teacher shall be employed the principal thereof shall furnish such report. 104. No teacher shall be required to teach school on any day declared by law to be a public holiday, and no deduction from a teacher's salary shall be made by reason of the fact that a school day happens to be a day declared by law to be a public holiday. Any contract made in violation of this section shall have no force or effect as against a teacher. 105. A teacher shall hold every pupil accountable in school for disorderly conduct on the way to or from school, or on the play-grounds of the schools, or during recess, and shall suspend from school any pupil for good cause; provided, that such suspension shall be reported forthwith by the teacher to the board of education; provided further, that in any school in which more than one teacher shall be employed the principal alone shall have the power to suspend a pupil. 106. No principal, teacher or other person employed or engaged in any capacity in any school or educational institution, whether public or private, shall inflict or cause to be inflicted corporal punishment upon any pupil attending such school or institution, and every resolu- tion, by-law, rule, ordinance or other act or authority heretofore or hereafter passed, adopted, approved, made or given by any person or persons whomsoever, natural or artificial, permitting or authorizing corporal punishment to be inflicted upon any pupil attending or that may attend any school or educational institution shall be henceforth void and of no force or effect. 107. No teacher shall be entitled to any salary unless such teacher shall be the holder of an appropriate teacher's certificate. . 108. No religious service or exercise, except the read- ing of the Bible and the repeating of the Lord's Prayer, SCHOOL LAW. shall be held in any school receiving any portion of the moneys appropriated for the support of public schools. 109. No teacher shall be required to serve on any jury in this state while his school shall be in session. dut y- AKTICLE IX. PUPILS. 110. Public schools shall be free to all persons over school age of five and under twenty years of age who shall be residents of the school district. Non-residents of a school district, Tuition fees , . , ' may be charged if otherwise competent, may be admitted to the schools jJ S es rtain of said district with the consent of the board of educa- tion upon such terms as said board may prescribe; provided, that the authority to charge tuition for non- Proviso, resident pupils conferred by this section shall not apply to non-resident pupils transferred to any district by .an order of the County Superintendent of Schools. 111. Whenever in any district there shall be children living remote from the school-house, the board of educa- tion of such district may make rules and contracts for the transportation of such children to and from school. Nothing in this section shall be so construed as to pro- hibit a board of education from making contracts for the transportation of children to a school in an adjoining district when such children shall be transferred to said district by order of the County Superintendent of Schools, or when any children shall attend school in a district other than that in which they shall reside by virtue of an agreement made by the respective boards of education. 112. Any child living remote from any public school T J a u s g f f> r of in the district in which he or she shall reside shall be allowed to attend a public school in an adjoining dis- trict with the consent of the County Superintendent of Schools, which consent shall be in writing, and one -copy thereof filed with the district clerk or secretary of the board of education of the district in which such child shall reside, and one copy filed with the district clerk or secretary of the board of education of the dis- 48 SCHOOL LAW. trict in which such child shall attend school; and in case the districts shall not be in the same county, the written consent of the County Superintendent of Schools of each county shall be obtained. T u l iisattend r ^^' ^ nv ^Hd wno shall have completed the course Sfhe?adein ^ S ^ U ^J -pursued in the schools in the district in which adjoining dis- ne or she shall reside may, with the consent of the board of education of said district and of the board of educa- tion of a district in which he or she shall desire to attend school, be admitted to a school of higher grade in said last-mentioned district. Said boards of educa- tion shall determine the amount to be paid for the education of such child, and the board of education of the district in which such child shall reside shall issue an order for said amount, signed by the president and district clerk or secretary of the board of education, in favor of the custodian of the school moneys of the school district in which such child shall attend school, which order shall be paid by the custodian of the school moneys of the first-mentioned district out of any moneys in his hands available for the current expenses of said district. Pupils to sub : 114. Pupils in the public schools shall comply with mit to authority of teacher. the regulations established in pursuance of law for the government of such schools; shall pursue the prescribed course of study, and shall submit to the authority of the teacher. Continued and willful disobedience, open defiance of the authority of the teacher, the use of habitual profanity or obscene language shall be good Penalty for in- cause for suspension or expulsion from school. Any property?** pupil who shall cut, deface or otherwise injure any school-house, furniture, fences, out-buildings or other property of the school district shall be liable to suspen- sion and punishment, and the parents or guardians of such pupil shall be liable for damages to the amount of the injury; said amount to be collected by the board of education in any court having jurisdiction, together with the costs of said action. pupn h s e e r iposed 115. A board of education may exclude from school di 8 c e ase a maybe an J teacher or pupil who shall not have been duly s?hoS! edfrom vaccinated, unless such teacher or pupil shall present a SCHOOL LAW. certificate signed by a regularly licensed physician, that such teacher or pupil is an unfit subject for vaccination. Xo teacher or pupil who shall be a member of a house- hold in which a person shall be ill with small pox, diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough, yellow fever, typhus fever, cholera, or measles, or of a household exposed to contagion as aforesaid, shall attend any public school during such illness, nor until the board of educa- tion shall have been furnished with a certificate from the board of health, or from the physician attending such person, or from a medical inspector, certifying that all danger of communicating such disease by such teacher or pupil has passed. 116. In case any pupil enrolled in a public school shall be found to be unvaccinated, whose parents shall cases - be, in the judgment of the board of education, unable to pay for the vaccination of such pupil, the district clerk or secretary of the board of education may give to said pupil a permit to appear before any regularly licensed physician to be vaccinated, and such physician, on presenting said permit with his certificate appended thereto that the vaccination has been by him successfully performed, shall receive from the township, city, incor- porated town, borough or other municipality in which said pupil shall reside the sum of fifty cents. 117. Whenever the board of health of any township. School J ' closed in city, incorporated town, borough or other municipality ot shall declare any epidemic or cause of ill-health to be so injurious or hazardous as to make it necessary to close any or all of the public schools in such township, city, incorporated town, borough or other municipality, said board shall immediately serve notice on the board of education of the school district situate in said township, city, incorporated town, borough or other municipality that it is desirable to close said school or schools. Upon receipt of such notice such board of education may close the schools under its control, or such of them as maj be designated by the board of health, and said schools shall not be reopened until said board of education shall be satisfied that all danger from said epidemic or cause of ill-health has been removed. 4 50 SCHOOL LAW. 118 ' Children who shall have never attended any public or private school may be admitted to a public school during the ten days immediately following the opening of said school for the fall term, during the first five days in January and April respectively, and at no other time except by a majority vote of all the members of the board of education of the school district in which said school shall be situate. exclude? to 119 - ^ child between the age of four and twenty acZintof 01 on J ears sha11 be excluded from any public school on ac- count of his or her religion, nationality or color. A member of any board of education who shall vote to exclude from any public school any such child, on account of his or her religion, nationality or color shall be guilty Penalty. of a misdemeanor, and punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than two hundred and fifty dollars, or by. imprisonment in the county jail, work- house or penitentiary of the county in which the offense shall have been committed for not less than thirty days nor more than six months, or by both fine and imprison- ment in the discretion of the court, (a) AETICLE X. SCHOOL-HOUSES. 12 - Eacn school district shall provide suitable school facilities and accommodation for all children residing in the district and desiring to attend the public schools Penalty. therein. Whenever such school facilities or accommo- dation shall be inadequate and unsuited to the number of pupils attending or desiring to attend such schools, the County Superintendent of Schools shall transmit to the custodian of the school moneys of the school district an order directing him to withhold from the district all moneys in his hands to the credit of such school district received from the state appropriation or from the state school tax until suitable facilities or accommodation (a) It is unlawful for the school trustees to exclude children from any public school on the ground that they are of the negro race. Pierce v. Union District, 17 Vr. 76. SCHOOL LAW. 51 -shall be provided, and shall notify the board of educa- tion of such district of his action with the reasons therefor. Such order shall not take effect until approved in writing by the State Superintendent of Public In- struction, and said approval shall state when said order shall take effect. 121. Each board of education shall provide at least outhouses. two suitable and convenient outhouses or water-closets for each of the school-houses under its control. Said outhouses or water-closets shall be entirely separated each from the other and shall have separate means of .access. Said outhouses and said water-closets, if de- tached from the school-house, shall be separated by a substantial close fence not less than seven feet in height. The board of education shall have said outhouses and water-closets kept in a clean and wholesome condition. The question of raising the amount needed to carry Taxforout- into effect the provisions of this section shall not be submitted to the legal voters of the school district, but the board of education shall notify the assessor or assessors and collector, by notice signed by the president and district clerk or secretary, of the amount needed for such purpose, and such amount shall be assessed, levied and collected at the same time and in the same manner as other special school taxes are assessed, levied and collected. 122. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction Plans for school n, houses to be shall procure architects plans and specifications for ^te^erfn school buildings, and full detail working plans therefor, tendent. In the preparation of such plans due regard shall be given to proper heating, lighting, ventilating and other hygienic requirements. Said plans and specifications shall be approved by the State Board of Education and shall be loaned to any district desiring to erect a new school building. 123. In order that due care may be exercised in the Approval of heating, lighting, ventilation and other hygienic condi- Eoa?dofe on or before the fifteenth day of March in each go* superin- y ea r, certify to the County Superintendent of Schools for the county in which such school district shall be situate, and on the blanks furnished for that purpose by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the . number of teachers who shall have been employed in the schools of such district for the full time the schools therein shall have been kept open during the then cur- rent school year, and the number of teachers who shall have been employed in said schools for a portion only of said year, but for a period of not less than four months, and said County Superintendent of Schools shall, on or before the first day of April in each year, apportion to the several school districts of the said county the State school moneys and the interest of the surplus revenue iri the following manner : I. He shall apportion to each district the sum of two cn?o r n D baSs of hundred dollars for each te*acher that shall have been employed in said district for the full time the schools 8S!ezs. of (a) 1. A county collector Is not required or permitted to exercise any discretion as to how much of the state appropriation the several town- ship collectors in the county are entitled to receive from him. The ques- tion as between these officers is settled conclusively by the order of the county superintendent of public schools. The notion that a county collector can, in any case, lawfully reduce the amount by setting up some counter- claim, whether in his own behalf or in behalf of his county, and whether against the township collector, personally, Or against his township is neither justified by the language nor consistent with the policy of our school laws. State, Herder, dc., v. Collector, dc., 1 Vr. 363. 2. The county collector of each county shall receive and hold in trust the state appropriation for public schools belonging to his county, and pay the same to the collectors of the several townships and to the city treasurers of the cities of his county only on the orders of the county superintendent, and is responsible for these moneys if otherwise ex- pended. School taxes are to be levied and applied for the fiscal year beginning September 1st succeeding the assessment, and not for the preceding year. A mandamus will be allowed for the payment of the county superintendent's order for the state appropriation for public schools, where the moneys have been applied for school purposes in the preceding year, beginning January 1st. State, ex rel. Board of Education, dc., v. Sheridan, dc., 13 Vr. 64. 3. A mandamus will be granted against a county collector in favor of a township collector or city treasurer to compel the payment of school moneys although the township collector or city treasurer may owe the county collector money for state or county taxes. Board of Education v. Sheridan, 16 Vr. 276. SCHOOL LAW. 73 therein shall have been kept open during the school year preceding that for which the apportionment shall be made; the sum of eighty dollars for each teacher that shall have been employed therein for a portion only of said year, but for a period of not less than four months; the sum of six hundred dollars to each district in which there shall have been employed a supervising principal or city superintendent of schools, who shall have devoted his entire time to the supervision of the schools in such district, but if two or more districts shall have united in employing a supervising principal as aforesaid the six hundred dollars apportioned for such principal shall be apportioned among said districts in the proportion that the number of teachers employed in each of said districts shall bear to the total number of teachers employed in all of the districts uniting in em- ploying said supervising principal ; provided, that in Proviso, making such apportionment teachers employed in even- ing schools shall be regarded as employed for a portion of the year only, but no apportionment shall be made for teachers employed in an evening school unless the board of education of the school district in which such evening school shall have been maintained shall certify that said evening school has been maintained at least four months during the school year preceding that for which the apportionment shall be made, but if such teachers shall Lave been also employed in the day schools of the same districts, the apportionment aforesaid shall be made for them in addition to any amount apportioned for them as teachers in such day schools ; provided further, that Proviso, if any board of education of any school district shall provide proper means for the transportation of pupils in accordance with the provisions contained in this act, the County Superintendent of Schools, in making his next apportionment and every apportionment thereafter shall apportion to such district the sum of two hundred dollars for -each teacher whose services shall have been dispensed with by reason of substituting transportation for the services of such teacher so long as proper trans- portation shall be provided; provided further, that in Proviso, making such apportionment, teachers employed in a 74 SCHOOL LAW. attendance. Balance of state school moneys to be paid to county collector. manual training school or department in a district re- ceiving an appropriation from the state for such manual training school or department, and who shall have de- voted at least one-half of the time the schools in said district shall have been kept open to school work other than manual training, shall be regarded as employed for a portion of the year only, but no apportionment shall be made for teachers who shall have devoted their entire time to teaching in such manual training school or department ; H- He sna U apportion to the several school districts ^ ^ ne county the remainder of said moneys on the basis of the total days' attendance of all pupils enrolled in the public schools thereof as ascertained from the last pub- lished report of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. For the purpose of such apportionment ait attendance upon an evening school shall be counted as one-half day's attendance. If a school in any district shall, on account of contagious disease, destruction of the school-house by fire or otherwise, or for other good reason,, be closed, for the purpose of this apportionment, such school shall be deemed to have been in session, and the total days' attendance upon such school for the time it shall have been closed as aforesaid shall be determined by dividing the actual total days' attendance of the pupils, enrolled in such school by the number of days such school shall have been actually in session, and multiplying the quotient thus obtained by the number of school days such school shall have been closed. 178. On or before the fifteenth day of September in each year the custodian of the school moneys of each school district shall pay to the County Collector the bal- ance of moneys apportioned to said district by the County Superintendent of Schools, which may then be in his hands to the credit of said district, and shall report forth- with to the County Superintendent of Schools the amount thus paid over, and the County Collector shall, on or before the first day of October in each year, report to the County Superintendent of Schools of his county the amount of money received by him by virtue of the provisions of this section, and said County Superin- SCHOOL LAW. 75 tendent of Schools shall thereupon re-apportion such amount among all the school districts in said county. The sum thus re-apportioned shall be paid immediately by the County Collector to the several custodians of the school moneys of said districts on the orders of the County Superintendent of Schools, and shall be avail- able for the then current school year. The sum thus re-apportioned to any district shall be in addition to the sum apportioned to such district by the County Super- intendent of Schools for said school year ; provided, that Proviso. the County Superintendent of Schools may, for good cause shown, allow any such balance to remain in the hands of the custodian of the school moneys of such district to the credit of such district, and such balance may thereafter be used and expended by the board of education of such school district for the purpose of pay- ing teachers' salaries and fuel bills, or, by and with the written consent of the County Superintendent of Schools, for the improvement of school-houses and grounds, the purchase of school furniture, or for any other purpose connected with the schools of such district. AKTICLE XVIII. DISTRICT TAX. 179. The legal voters of each township, incorporated Dgwc ttax for town or borough school district may, at any annual or P oses - special meeting of said legal voters, (a) by the vote of a majority of those present raise by special district tax (a) 1. When an assessment is ordered by the inhabitants of a school district called for that purpose, to sustain the assessment, proof must be clear that ten days' legal notice of the time, place and purposes of such meeting had been given. State v. Van Winkle, 1 Butcher 73; Canda Mfg. Co. v. Woodbridge, 29 Vr. 134. 2. A notice inuicating that the object of the meeting is to purchase a school-house, will not warrant a resolution to pay for a house already built. Lamb v. Hurff, 9 Vr. 310. 3. A special meeting of the voters of a school district cannot legally be held unless ten days' notice thereof be given. Canda Mfg. Co. v. Town- ship of Woodbridge, 29 Vr. 134. 4. Under the statutes school districts are political organizations pos- sessing the power of taxation. Landis v. Ashworth, 28 Vr. 509. 5. For definition of legal voters, see section 86. 76 SCHOOL LAW. Certificate to assessor. such sum or sums as a majority of said legal voters present at such meeting may agree upon for any or all Purposes for of the following purposes : to enable the board of educa- which tax may . ' *>e ordered, tion to purchase or take and condemn land 101 school purposes; to build, enlarge, repair or furnish a school- house, or to pay a debt incurred therefor ; for industrial schools, for manual training, and for the current expenses of the schools, in which term shall be included prin- cipals', teachers', janitors' and medical inspectors' sala- ries, fuel, text-books, school supplies, flags, transportation of pupils, tuition of pupils attending schools in other districts with the consent of the board of education, school libraries, compensation of the district clerk, of the custodian of the school moneys and of truant officers ; truant schools, insurance and the incidental expenses of the schools. In case any money shall be ordered to be raised by special district tax, the district clerk shall make out and sign a certificate thereof, (a) under oath or affir- mation that the same is correct and true, and deliver the same to the assessor of the taxing district in which such school district shall be situate, and shall send a duplicate of said certificate to the County Superintendent of Schools. Said assessor shall assess on the inhabitants of the school district and their estates, and the taxable property therein, in the same manner as other taxes shall be assessed, and the collector of such taxing district shall levy and collect such sum of money as shall have been ordered to be raised by the legal voters in the manner (a) 1. The sworn certificate of the clerk to the assessor must specify the amount to be raised for each purpose ; that the notices were posted In "at least seven public places in said district," and all other facts necessary to show that the law has been complied with. 2. The affidavit must verify all the material facts set forth In the cer- tificate. State v. Eardcastle, 2 Dutclier 143, 3 Dutcher 551 ; Winsor v. Donahay, 1 Vr. 404 ; Banghart v. Sullivan, 7 Vr. 89 ; Trustees v. Padde*, 15 Vr. 151 ; Quaid v. Trustees, &c., 20 Vr. 607. 3. It is essential to the validity of the certificate of district clerk that it set forth that due notice has been given of the amount of money proposed to be raised at the district meeting. Slack v. Palmer, 10 Vr. 250. 4. The certificate to the assessor must show how the money ordered to b raised is to be apportioned, and that the apportionment was made by the district meeting. Duryea v. Greenleaf, 5 Vr. 441 ; Banghart v. SulU- van, 7 Vr. 89 ; Corrigan v. Duryea, 11 Vr. 266 ; Trustees v. Padden, 15 Vr. 151. 5. The certificate to the assessor must state what the notice given of the meeting was, and when and where the notices were put up. Quaid v. Trustees, 20 Vr. 607. Assessment. Collection. SCHOOL LAW. 7T aforesaid, and shall pay the same to the custodian of the school moneys of the school district as is in this act provided, and for collecting said tax, said collector, except such as receive a salary in lieu of fees, shall receive three- fourths of one per centum of the amount of said tax collected by him, said compensation to be paid by the township committee or other governing body of the municipality wherein said tax shall be collected. In Payment of tax. case the full amount of the district school tax shall not have been collected, said collector shall pay to said custo- dian the full amount of said tax out of any moneys in his hands, except moneys received from the County Col- lector on the order of the County Superintendent of Schools, and any amount advanced as aforesaid shall be paid to said collector out of said district school tax when collected; provided, that when there shall be no funds Proviso, in the hands of said collector available for such purpose, the township committee, common council or other body having control of the finances of the municipality in which such school district shall be situate, shall borrow and appropriate a sum sufficient for such purpose; pro- Proviso. vided further, that when any meeting shall be held as aforesaid it shall not be lawful for such meeting to order a greater sum of money raised by special tax than shall have been mentioned and designated in the notices call- ing such meeting, (a) 180. At any annual or special meeting when money vote to be by shall be ordered raised for school purposes by special district tax or by the issue of bonds the legal voters shall (o) 1. The resolution passed at the district meeting must direct the particular purpose, which must be one of the purposes in the act, and must be contained in the notice. If money is voted for more than one purpose, the resolution must specify the amount apportioned to each. Cochrane v. Garrabrant, 3 Vr. 444 ; Banyhart v. Sullivan, 1 Vr. 89 ; Corriyan v. Duryea, 11 Vr. 266 ; Schomp v. Cole, 22 Vr. 277. 2. A resolution to raise money to build 'and furnish a school-house is not bad because the amount to be used for building and the amount for furnishing are not separately stated, Stackhouse v. School District 43, Sussex Co., 23 Vr. 291. 3. A resolution to sell an old school-house, passed at the same meeting that it was resolved to raise money to build a new house, is illegal if the notice calling the meeting does not state that it would be a subject for consideration. Stackhouse v. School District 43, Sussex Co., 23 Vr. 291. 4. The purchase of land and erection of a school-house includes fencing and grading the lot, and supplying the school property with drinking water. Chamberlain v. Cranltury Board of Education, 29 Vr. 347. 78 SCHOOL LAW. vote by ballot. The chairman of the meeting shall ap- point two tellers who shall receive and count the ballots in his presence. The secretary of the meeting shall keep a poll-list and shall record therein the name of each person voting, and shall also keep a tally-sheet of the Report to votes as counted. The tally-sheet shall be signed by tendent. up a the chairman and tellers, and said tally-sheet, poll-list and ballots shall be placed by the secretary in a sealed package, indorsed with the name of the district, the name of the county in which the district shall be situate, and the date on which said election shall have been held, and said package, together with a statement of the results of such election, signed by the chairman and secretary, shall, within five days after the date of said meeting, be forwarded by said secretary to the County Superin- tendent of Schools, and the same shall be preserved by him for one year. AETICLE XIX. CUSTODIAN OF SCHOOL MONEYS. Custodian of 181. In each school district there shall be a custodian school moneys. - , , 1.1.11 j i. u of school moneys who shall receive and hold in trust all school moneys belonging to such school district, whether received from the state appropriation, state school tax, district tax, appropriation, or from other sources, and shall pay out the 1 same only on orders signed by the president and district clerk or secretary of the orders, how board of education. Each order shall specify the object for which it shall be given, and shall be made payable to the order of and shall be indorsed by the person entitled to receive the amount named therein ; provided, that in the payment of teachers 7 salaries a pay-roll, certified by the president and district clerk or secretary of the board of education, stating the names of the teachers and the amount to be paid to each, may be delivered to the custodian of school moneys, accompanied by one order or warrant, drawn to his order, for the full amount of said pay-roll, in which case said custodian shall deliver to said district clerk or secretary individual SCHOOL LAW. 79 checks payable to the order of said teachers. Said custo- dian shall pay over the balance of school funds remain- ing in his hands to his successor in office. He shall keep in the book provided for that purpose a record of the sums received and paid out by him. At the close of the Report of custo- school year he shall transmit to the board of education of the district a report showing the amounts received and disbursed by him for school purposes during said year, and shall file a duplicate of such report with the County Superintendent of Schools. (a) 182. The collector, or other person designated by law collector or r , , . . treasurer to be as the custodian of the moneys belonging to the munici- custodian, pality in which a school district shall be situate, shall be the custodian of the school moneys of such district, and compensation, shall receive such compensation as the township commit- tee, common council or other governing body of such municipality shall determine, which compensation shall be paid by said township committee, common council, or other governing body from the funds of the township, incorporated town, borough, city or other municipality, and the bonds given by said collector or other person Bonds, for the faithful performance of his duty as such officer, shall be held to cover and secure the faithful performance of his duty as custodian of school moneys and the bonds- men thereon shall be liable therefor. In case the term of TO continue as custodian until omce of any such collector or other person shall expire be- end of school fore the close of the school year, he shall remain and con- tinue to be the custodian of school moneys until the close of the then current school year, and his bondsmen shall remain and be legally bound for the faithful performance of his duties as such custodian until the final settlement of his accounts. Nothing in this article shall be con- Governing j . . j, . . . body of munici- strued as giving to the township committee, common paiitynotto n .-i - i i /. . . -,. have control of council or other governing body of any municipality school moneys. (a) 1. A mandamus will be granted to compel a township collector to pay the balance of school moneys to his successor. M Inzer v. Disprove, 13 Vr. 141. 2. An order of the district clerk, which specifies the object for which It was given without any designation of the yearly taxes out of which it shall be payable, is a sufficient voucher for the township collector. Zimmerman v. Mathe, 20 Vr. 45. 3. The township collector paying out school moneys on statutory orders Is not responsible for the application the school trustees have made of the money. Zimmerman v. Mathe, 20 Vr. 45. 80 SCHOOL LAW. I any control over moneys belonging to the school district I in the hands of the custodian of the school moneys of : said district, but said moneys shall be held by such custodian in trust, and shall be paid out by him only on orders legally issued and signed by the president and district clerk or secretary of the board of education. Any ordinance, by-law or resolution of a township committee, common council or other governing body of any munici- pality attempting to control such moneys, or which shall in any way prevent the custodian of the school moneys of the school district from paying the orders of the board of education as and when they shall be presented for payment shall be absolutely void and of no effect, (a) Board of edu- 183. Whenever in any school district there shall be cation may ap- . point custodian two or more collectors or other persons entitled to be in certain * , * i , -, . . cases. custodians of school moneys in such district, the board of education may appoint a suitable person as custodian of school moneys of said district, and may fix his salary and term of office. Such custodian shall give bonds for the faithful discharge of his duties in such amount and with such sureties as said board shall direct, but such bonds shall be for a sum not less than the amount apportioned to said district by the County Superin- tendent of Schools. Until the appointment of a custodian of school moneys by the board of education, the collector or other person residing in the municipality situate in such school district having the largest amount of taxable property shall be custodian of the school moneys of such school district. *aw e to S custo- 184. The collector or treasurer of each municipality dian. i n wn i c h a school district shall be situate, shall pay to the custodian of the schools moneys of such school dis- trict the amount ordered to be assessed, levied and col- (a) 1. The common council has no control over school funds, and a resolution directing the treasurer to retain a portion of the school fund and apply it to the payment of certain special assessments against school property, is a nullity. Board of Education v. Town of Union, 23 Vr. 69. 2. Money raised and placed in the hands of an officer for a specific pur- pose cannot be lawfully applied to any other purpose. HoboJcen v. Irwin, 5 Dutcher 65. 3. A township committee cannot lawfully expend for other purpose* than those of education the money raised or appropriated for a school fund. SCHOOL LAW. 81 School orders " to draw interest in certain lected in such municipality for the use of the public schools therein exclusive of the state school tax, on the requisition or requisitions of the board of education. 185. Whenever there shall have been established a sinking tuna., sinking fund for the payment of school bonds and there is no officer or body designated by law as the custodian of the funds belonging to such sinking fund, the custodian of the moneys of the corporation which shall have issued such bonds shall be the custodian of the securities and moneys belonging to such fund, and the bondsmen on his bonds as such custodian shall be liable for the safe- keeping of said fund. 186. Whenever any order for payment of the current expenses of a public school shall be drawn and issued by any board of education on the custodian of the school moneys of such district, and there shall be no funds in the hands of such custodian to pay the same, such order shall bear legal interest until such time as said custodian shall have funds to pay the same, of which fact he shall give public notice, whereupon said interest shall cease. 187. If any custodian of the school moneys of any school district shall fail to make his report to the County Superintendent of Schools on or before the first day of August in any year, he shall forfeit to said school district the sum of ten dollars for each day thereafter until his report shall be made. Said sum shall be sued for and collected by the district clerk or secretary of the board of education of said school district in any court of competent jurisdiction. Penalty for failure of custo- dian to report. AKTICLE XX. SCHOOL DISTRICT BONDS. 188. The legal voters of any township, incorporated District may town or borough school district may, either at the annual meeting of said district or at a special meeting thereof called for that purpose, by the vote of a majority of those present (a) authorize the board of education to issue bonds (a) See section 180. 82 SCHOOL LAW. ?o P nds iption f necessary equipment, (a) of the district for the purpose of purchasing or taking and condemning land for school purposes, or building a school-house or school-houses, or making additions, alterations, repairs or improvements in or upon any school-house and the lands upon which the same shall be located, and of purchasing school furniture and other Such bonds shall be issued in the corporate name of the district, for such sums and in such amounts and payable at such times as the legal voters so met shall direct, with interest at a rate not exceeding six per centum per annum, payable half-yearly. Said bonds shall be signed by the president of the board of education and attested by the district clerk, shall bear the seal of the district, and shall have coupons attached for current payment of interest, which coupons shall be signed by the district clerk and shall be numbered to correspond to the several bonds to which they shall be severally attached. Bonds so issued shall be numbered and a proper registry thereof shall be kept by the district sale of bonds, clerk. Such bonds may be sold at public or private sale for the best obtainable price, but not less than par. 189. Whenever bonds shall have been legally issued by any township, incorporated town or borough school district, and the same shall be due and unpaid or out- standing, the board of education of such district, when authorized so to do by the legal voters thereof at an annual meeting of said district, or at a special meeting thereof called to act thereon, shall have power to renew such outstanding bonds or any part thereof by the issuing of new bonds for that purpose, in the name and under the seal of said district. Such bonds shall be in the general form of the bonds theretofore issued by said district, shall be signed by the president of the board of education and attested by the district clerk, shall bear the seal of the district, shall bear interest at a rate not y its terms prior to January first, one thousand nine hundred and three; one per centum of the monthly salaries of all teachers wta shall become members of said fund on or after January' first, one thousand nine hun- dred and three, and who shall have been teaching ten jears or less at the time of becoming members of said fund; two per centum of the monthly salaries of all teachers who shall become members of said fund on or after said date, and who shall have been teaching more than ten years at the time of becoming members of said fund ; provided, that on' or after said date no person Proviso. who shall have been teaching more than fifteen years shall become a member of said fund unless he or she shall have passed a satisfactory medical examination under such rules as the board of trustees may prescribe ; training schools for teachers: schools. In addition to the salaries herein provided for assistant teachers of primary and grammar schools, one hundred and fifty dollars, each, per annum; Critic teachers of training schools for teachers: Two hundred dollars, each, per annum, as extra com- pensation ; Principal of primary department of training schools p jfj ipa |j f for teachers: payments of training Less than one year's experience, one thousand five schools, hundred dollars' per annum, and for each year's expe- rience thereafter at an additional salary of one hundred dollars per annum, to not less than the sum of one thousand seven hundred dollars per annum; Teachers of methods or supervisor of methods of train- ing schools for teachers: Less than one year's experience, one thousand five hundred dollars per annum, and for each year's expe- rience thereafter, at an additional salary of one hundred dollars per annum, to not less than two thousand dollars per annum; Principals of training schools for teachers: Principals of T i . -i n training Less than one years experience, two thousand five schools, hundred dollars per annum, and for each year's expe- rience thereafter, at an additional salary of one hundred dollars per annum, to not less than three thousand dol- lars per annum ; provided, that if the annual salary of Proviso, any teacher now employed in any graded school of any school district is less than the amount required to be paid to such teacher by the preceding schedule, the salary of such teacher shall, if such teacher's experience is ap- proved as successful, be increased by adding thereto annually, beginning with the first day of the fiscal year next succeeding the adoption of this article in the man- ner provided in section two hundred and thirty of this 4ict, a sum equal to the annual increase provided in the 102 SCHOOL LAW. Proviso. Referendum. preceding schedule for the class t which such teacher; belongs, until such teacher's salary shall be in accord- ance with the schedule; and provided further, that the- annual salary paid to any principal or vice-principal hereafter appointed shall not exceed the annual salary paid at the time such appointment is made to principals and vice-principals of the same class respectively, and that the salary of every such appointee shall, if the ex- perience of such appointee proves to be successful, be increased annually by the amount and in the manner described in this section, until the salary of such appointee shall be in accordance with the preceding schedule. 230. The board of aldermen, common council or other governing body of any municipality of this state, may, by resolution, submit the question of the acceptance or rejection of this article to the voters of such munici- pality at any general or charter election to be held therein, whereof at least ten days' notice shall be given by public advertisement in two daily newspapers of this state, circulating in such municipality, and if a majority of those who shall vote for the acceptance or rejection thereof shall be" in favor of the acceptance of this article, then this article shall go into effect at the commencement of the then next fiscal year in such school district, and the grant of power herein made shall be deemed to be accepted by such school district, and such school district shall be bound by the terms of this article; persons en- titled to vote at any election where this question is sub- mitted to them shall express their assent or rejection of this article in the manner provided in "An act to regu- late elections" [Revision of 1898] ; there shall be a canvass on return of the votes upon the question of ac- ceptance or rejection of this article made by the election officers in the same way and manner as for officers voted for at such election, and if a majority of the ballots shall be found to be in favor of the acceptance of this article it shall then, but not otherwise, go into effect and be binding upon the school district situate in said munici- pality wherein such vote shall be taken. SCHOOL LAW. 103 231. All elections or submissions to the vote of the qualified voters of any municipality for the adoption of the provisions of any statute establishing the com- pensation to be paid to teachers and principals in the public schools, and to provide for the payment thereof, in the school district situate in such municipality, which statute was in substantial compliance with the provisions of this article, and the acceptance of the provisions of such statute by reason of a majority of the ballots having been found to be in favor thereof, and the attendant proceedings heretofore held, submitted, had, done or taken pursuant to and in substantial compliance with such statute are hereby validated and confirmed as fully and to the same extent as though done after the passage of and in conformity with the provisions of this article, and said teachers and principals shall hereafter receive and be paid salaries in accordance with the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XXIX. . MISCELLANEOUS. 232. If the board of education of any school district Penalty for " misuse of shall use any of the school money received by it, except school moneys, such as shall have been raised within the district, for any purpose other thai; the payment of teachers' salaries, fuel bills, the transportation of pupils and the tuition of pupils attending schools in adjoining districts, there shall be deducted by the County Superintendent of Schools from the next annual apportionment to such district a sum equal to twice the amount thus used, and said County Superintendent of Schools shall apportion the money thus deducted among the other districts of the county; provided, that the State Superintendent of Proviso. Public Instruction may remit such penalty. 233. Every board of education mav employ a com- Appointment , . . . " .. of medical in- petent physician to be known as the Medical Inspector, specters, fix his salary and define his duties. Said Medical In- spector shall visit the schools in the district in which he shall be employed at stated times to be determined 104 SCHOOL LAW. by the board of education, and during such visits shall 1 " examine every pupil referred to him >y a teacher. He shall at least once during each school year examine every pupil to learn whether any physical defect exists, and keep a record from year to year of the growth and development of such pupil, which record shall be the property of the board of education and shall be delivered by said Medical Inspector to his successor in office. Said Inspector shall lecture before the teachers at such times as may be designated by the board of education, instruct- ing them concerning the methods employed to detect the first signs of communicable disease and the recognized measures for the promotion of health and prevention of disease. The board of education may appoint more than one Medical Inspector. JcS f houses. 234 - Ever J board of education shall procure a United States flag, flag-staff and the appliances therefor for each school in the district, and shall display said flag upon or near the public school building during school hours and at such other times as said board may deem proper. 4 piifre $ venu s e. r " 235 - The several counties in this state shall appro- priate the interest of the surplus revenue to the support of the public schools. Jtit a uter' in ' 236 - The State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall procure instructors and lecturers for teachers' in- stitutes. To defray the expenses incurred in holding said institutes there shall be paid to him annually by the State Treasurer, upon the warrant of the State Comptroller, a sum not exceeding four thousand dollars. Said State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall make annually to the State Board of Education an item- ized report of the expenses incurred in holding said teachers' institutes during the year for which said report shall be made. 237. The nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and their effects upon the human system shall be taught in all schools supported wholly or in part by public moneys as thoroughly and in the same manner as other like branches shall be taught, by the use of graded text-books in the hands of the pupils when other branches shall be thus taught and orally only in the case of pupils unable SCHOOL LAW. 105 to read. In the text-books on physiology and hygiene the space devoted to the consideration of the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and their effects upon the human system shall be sufficient for a full and adequate treatment of the subject. The failure or refusal of any district to comply with the provisions of this section shall be sufficient cause for withholding from such district the state appropriation. 238. ISTo certificate shall be granted to any person to e!tmin*nn be teach in the public schools, except to persons applying physiology, for special certificates to teach music, drawing, manual training or other subjects not included in the usual school curriculum, who shall not have passed a satis- factory examination in physiology and hygiene with special reference to the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and their effects upon the human system. 239. The day in each year known as Arbor Day shall Arbor day. be suitably observed in the public schools. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall from time to time prepare ?nd issue to schools such circulars of information, advice and instruction with reference to the day as he may deem necessary. 240. In all public schools there shall be held on the Patriotic exer- i 111 T i < i-i i i. -i T cises to be held last school day preceding the following holidays, namely, on certain Lincoln's birthday, Washington's birthday, Decoration or Memorial day and Thanksgiving day and on such other patriotic holidays as shall be established by law, appropriate exercises for the development of a higher spirit of patriotism. 241. Whenever an execution shall be issued against ^Jg^JJ^ the board of education of a school district or of a union- agamst a school district. graded school by any court authorized to issue the same, upon a judgment recovered either before or subsequent to the passage of this act, and there shall be found no property belonging to said school district or union- graded school sufficient to satisfy the same liable to be levied on, then the officer authorized to execute such process shall serve a certified copy of said execution upon the assessor or assessors of the taxing district or districts in which said school district or union-graded school shall be situate, and also upon the collector or 106 SCHOOL LAW. School year. Appropria- tions. Selection of members of board of educa- tion and appro- priations in certain dis- tricts. "Article" construed. All elections, assessments, bonds, etc., under act of 1900 validated. collectors of such taxing district or districts. Upon receipt of such copy or copies such assessor or assessors- shall, at the time of the next regular assessment of school taxes, assess upon the inhabitants of said school district and their estates, and upon the taxable property therein,, in addition to the regular school taxes, the amount due upon said execution, with interest thereon to the time when the same shall be paid to the officer serving such process and the collector or collectors shall levy and collect the same, and said amount, when collected, shall be a separate fund, and shall be paid over by said col- lector to the officer who shall have served said process. 242. The school year shall begin on the first day of July an end on the thirtieth day of June. 243. No money shall be paid from the state treasury for any purpose named in this act unless an appropria- tion therefor shall have been made by the Legislature in the annual appropriation act. 244. In any school district which comprises a munici- pality and a portion of an adjoining municipality,, members of the board of education shall be selected in the same manner in all respects as they are selected in said district at the time of the passage of this act, and moneys for the maintenance of public schools therein shall be ordered, assessed, levied and collected in the same manner as they are ordered, assessed, levied and collected therein at the time of the passage of this act. 245. Whenever in this act the word "artic'-e" is used,, it shall be construed as referring to the caption under which it is used. 246. Every school district shall be responsible and liable for all contracts, bonds and obligations of said district which have been entered into, made or incurred under the provisions of an act entitled "An act to establish a system of public instruction [Eevision of 1900] ," approved March twenty-third, one thousand nine hundred, whether or not such act lawfully con- ferred the power to enter into, make or incur the same;; and all elections or submissions to the vote of the quali- fied voters of any school district of the question whether in such district the board of education should be created SCHOOL LAW. 10T by election by the people or otherwise, and the attendant proceedings heretofore held, submitted, had, done or taken pursuant to and in substantial compliance with said act, shall be and the same are hereby validated and confirmed as fully and to the same extent as though done after the passage of and in conformity with this act; and in every such district hereafter the board of educa- tion shall, if the manner of its creation has been so fixed as to be by appointment, be appointed and organ- ized under the provisions of section forty-two of this act, and if the manner of its creation shall have been by such election or submission so fixed as to be by election by the people, then the board of education shall be hereafter elected and organized in such school district under the provisions of section forty-three of this act; and all elections for members of the board of education in any such school district held pursuant to and in substantial compliance with said act, approved March twenty-third, one thousand nine hundred, shall be and the same are hereby validated and confirmed as fully and to the same extent as if done after the passage of and in conformity with this act; and the members so elected shall con- stitute and be the board of education of such school district, and shall be deemed to be incorporated under section forty-eight of this act; and all other elections, acts and proceedings heretofore held, passed, had, done or taken, and all appropriations, taxes and assessments heretofore made, levied and imposed in substantial com- pliance with said act, are hereby validated and confirmed as fully and to the same extent as though done after the passage of and in conformity with this act. 247. Every board of education shall succeed to and be Board of edu- vested with the title to all lands, securities, monevs and vested with ^ , . , , \ , , , -, -, - title to special other property which may be held by any board of managers for the education of youth, commissioners or trustees, by whatever name called or known, created or existing by act of the Legislature, and having charge and control of any property belonging to any special school fund used for public school purposes and within the school district in which such board of education is organ- ized, and all property so held for any such special school 108 SCHOOL LAW. Term of office of all school officers con- tinued. Township, 4own and borough school ^districts may incorporate under Article VI. .Referendum. fund shall, within thirty days after the passage of this act, be paid over and transferred by said board of mana- gers, commissioners or trustees to the board of education or the custodian of school moneys of said district, to be held for the use of said district as other school property within said district is held and used. 248. The members of the State Board of Education, the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the county and district superintendents of schools, the mem- bers of the boards of education in township, incorporated town and borough school districts, secretaries of boards of education, janitors and other employes of the several boards of education of the several school districts, shall continue to serve for the full term for which they were severally elected or appointed, as though they had been elected or appointed under any of the provisions of this act, and all certificates heretofore issued, and now in force in this state shall be valid according to their terms and for the periods for which they have been severally granted. 249. Members of boards of education in all township, incorporated town and borough school districts shall continue to be elected or appointed in the same manner as said members have been heretofore elected or ap- pointed. The acceptance of the provisions of this act contained in Article VI. relating to boards of education in city school districts, shall be submitted to the qualified voters of any town, township or borough at a general or municipal election to be held therein, whenever the town council, township committee or other governing body of such municipality, or the board of education of the school district situate in such municipality, shall have, by resolution, directed that such question shall be so submitted. The question to be submitted shall be for or against the adoption of the provisions of Article VI. of an act entitled "An act to establish a system of public instruction," approved (insert herein the date when this is approved), and if a majority of the votes east upon said question shall be for the adoption of the provisions of said article, the school district in such municipality shall thereafter in all respects be SCHOOL LAW. governed by the provisions of Article VI. relating to boards of education in city school districts, and the board of education therein shall have all the powers and duties given and imposed by the several provisions of said articla 250. All school districts shall hereafter be governed Repealer, solely by the provisions of this act, and all acts and parts of acts, general, special or local, so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this act, are hereby repealed; provided, that this repealer shall not Proviso, revive any act heretofore repealed ; and provided further, Proviso. that this act shall not repeal or affect the provisions of any general act which may have been or may hereafter be accepted by a vote of the people in any city or school district in this state. 251. This act shall take effect immediately. Approved March 26, 1902. An Act providing for the establishment of schools for in- dustrial education, approved March twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-one. 1. Whenever any board of education, school committee state appropri- /. ation for Indus- or other like body of any city, town or township in this trial education, state shall certify to the governor that a sum of money not less than three thousand dollars has been contributed by voluntary subscriptions of citizens, or otherwise as hereinafter authorized, for the establishment in any such city, town or township, of a school or schools for indus- trial education, it shall be the duty of the said governor to cause to be drawn, by warrant of the comptroller, approved by himself, out of any moneys in the state treasury not otherwise appropriated, an amount equal to that contributed by the particular locality as aforesaid for the said object; and when any such school or schools shall have been established in any locality as aforesaid, there shall be annually contributed by the state, in man- ner aforesaid, for the maintenance and support thereof, a sum of money equal to that contributed each year in 110 SCHOOL LAW. Proviso. Money to be applied under direction of trustees. Ibid., 2 2. Local tax. Ibid., 3. Trustees of industrial schools. P. L. 1895, p. 594, 1. Powers, said locality for such purpose; provided, however, that the moneys contributed by the state as aforesaid to any locality, shall not exceed in any one year the sum of five thousand dollars. 2. All money raised and contributed as aforesaid shall be applied under the direction of the board of trustees, organized as hereinafter provided, to the establishment and support of schools for the training and education of pupils in industrial pursuits (including agriculture), so as to enable them to perfect themselves in the several branches of industry which require technical instruction. 3. Any city, town or township shall have power to appropriate and raise by tax for the support of any such school therein, such sum of money as they may deem expedient and just. 4. There shall be a board of trustees of each of such schools, which shall consist of a governor and the mayor or other chief executive officer of the city, town or town- ship in which such school is located, as ex-officio members, and eight other persons to be chosen and appointed by the governor, as follows : within thirty days after the passage of this act the governor shall choose and appoint eight persons, resident in the city, town or township in which such school is located, as members of such board of trus- tees for the following terms: (a) two for the term of one year, two for the term of two years, two for the term of three years and two for the term of four years ; and there- after two trustees shall be appointed in like manner each year for a full term of five years ; and the official terms of all trustees in office at the time of the passage of this act shall terminate and expire upon the making of the appointments aforesaid, and the trustees appointed here- under shall take office immediately upon their appoint- ment, and shall continue in office until their successors are appointed, and any vacancy that may occur in the said board of trustees shall be filled by appointment in like manner for the unexpired term only; the said board of trustees shall have control of the buildings and grounds owned and used by such schools, the application of the (a) Amended by section 6. SCHOOL LAW. Ill funds for the support thereof, the regulation of the tuition fees, the appointment and removal of teachers, the power to prescribe the studies and the exercises of the school and rules for its management, to grant certificates of gradua- tion, to appoint some suitable person treasurer of the Treasurer, board, to frame and modify at pleasure such by-laws as they may deem necessary for their own government ; they shall report annually to the state and local boards of education their ow r n doings and the progress and condi- tion of the schools. 5. The said trustees shall receive no compensation for compensation, their services, but the expenses necessarily incurred by them in the discharge of their duties shall be paid upon the approval of the governor. 6. The trustees of schools for industrial education, to Je rm of office be hereafter appointed by the governor of this state for p - L. is%, full terms under and by virtue of the acts to which this is a supplement or the supplements thereto, shall serve for terms of four years and not for terms of five years as now required by law. 7. The board of trustees of the schools for industrial ^^1^ education, provided for and organized under the act to Seated bodies which this is a supplement, be and they are hereby p ^ ^ 1 created a body corporate under the name and style of p - 21> l> "the board of trustees of schools for industrial educa- tion," with the right of perpetual succession, to sue and l>e sued, to purchase, lease and hold personal and real property, and to sell and mortgage the same, and with power to accept donations and bequests of money and property to be used for the purposes for which said boards are constituted and organized. An Act to provide free lectures for workingmen and workingwomen, approved February twenty-fifth, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five. 1. The boards of education in cities of this state or Boards of , . . ,. . . . , education may other municipalities containing over ten thousand popu- provide, lation according to the last census are hereby authorized 112 SCHOOL LAW. and empowered to provide for the employment of lec- turers on the natural sciences and kindred subjects in the- public schools in any city or other municipality, in the evenings, for the benefit of workingmen and working- women. Purchase 2. The said boards of education shall have the power necessary apparatus, etc. to purchase books, stationery and other things necessary and expedient to successfully conduct said lectures, which it shall have the power to direct. 3. No admission fee shall be charged, and at least one school in each ward or subdivision of each city or munici- pality, where practicable, shall be designated by the said board of education for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act, and at least one lecture shall be delivered during each of the months of October, Novem- ber, December, January, February and March in each year, which shall be advertised in a daily or weekly paper published in said city or municipality at least ten days in advance of the delivery thereof. No admission fee to be charged. AGEICULTTJKAIL COLLEGE. Appointment of students for agricultural college. P. L. 1867, p. 360, 27. Additional free scholarships. P. L 1890, p. 161, 1. 1. It shall be the duty of the county superintendent^ at such time and place as the state superintendent may appoint, to examine such candidates for state scholarships at the agricultural college as may present themselves,, and the candidates shall be subjected to such examination as the faculty of the said college and the state superin- tendent shall prescribe; and the candidates who shall receive certificates of appointment to the agricultural college in any one county shall be those who obtain, on such examination, the highest average for scholarship; and the number of certificates thus granted shall in no- case exceed the number of state scholarships to which such county is entitled, (a) 2. In order that students in all schools in all parts of the state may receive the stimulus afforded by the op- portunity to pursue the courses of study in the state, (a) Each county is entitled to as many students as it has representatives in the legislature. P. L. 1864, Chap. CCCLXIX., \ 10. SCHOOL LAW. agricultural college, and in order to enable said state agricultural college to furnish instructions gratuitously to students, residents of this state, in its several courses of study, as special courses of advanced study in the public school svstem of this state, there shall be sent students from ' * - ,, e&ch assembly t> the said college students to the number of one each district. year from each assembly district, of this state, to be selected and designated as hereinafter provided, who shall receive gratuitous instruction in any or all of the prescribed branches of study in any of the courses of study of said state college, under the general powers of supervision and control possessed by the board of visitors of said state college; said students so received shall be residents of this state and shall be admitted into said state college upon the terms and subject to the rules and discipline which shall apply to all the. free students of said state college, and if there should be more than one suitably-prepared applicant from the same assembly district in the same year, such additional applicant may, in the discretion of the board of visitors of the said state agricultural college, be received upon any vacant students may scholarships of any other assembly districts until such vacant scholar- districts shall require such scholarships, after notice has been served upon the superintendent of education of the county in which such vacant assembly districts are situated. 3. Said students shall be selected as follows: a com- petitive examination under the direction of the city superintendents and the county superintendent of educa- tion in each county, shall be held at the county court- house in each county of the state, upon the first Saturday in June in each year, and the necessary traveling, ex- penses of said examiners, not otherwise provided for by law, on the approval of the president and secretary of the board of visitors of said state agricultural college, shall be paid by said state college; students who apply for examination shall be examined upon such subjects as may be designated by the faculty of said college, and the state board of education, and the said city and county superintendents shall report to the president of said 8 114 SCHOOL LAW. college and the state superintendent of public instruction the names of all such students examined as in their opinion are suitably prepared to enter said college, with their estimate of the order of excellence in scholarship shown- by said students at such preliminary examina- certificates, by tion ; certificates of appointment to the state agricultural whom issued. ,, , ,, , . r , . college shall be issued by the state superintendent of public instruction to all such students as are so found to be qualified to enter said college, and in case the vacant scholarships shall not be sufficient to receive all successful candidates, preference to appointing to vacant scholarships shall be given to successful candidates in the order of the excellence of their examination as certified by said superintendents, and in general the regulations and provisions governing the conduct of such examina- tions and the appointment of said students to scholarships shall be subject to the control of said board of visitors of said college. ^intSftShoid ^' -^ acn student so appointed and admitted to said col- state scholar- i e g e shall be regarded as holding a state scholarship, and ibid., 3. f or each scholarship so held there shall be paid as herein- Appropriation after provided, on the first day of November in each year, from income of .-,-,-, i state school to the treasurer of said college, the same sum of money as the said college is entitled to receive for each scholarship established in said college under the existing state agri- Proviso. cultural college fund ; provided, that such payment shall be made only out of the income of the fund for the support of public free schools remaining after appropria- tions heretofore made payable out of said income are met. coe d e to cer- ^' -^ n or ^ er * ascertain the number of scholarships for student? ber ^ wn i cn payment shall be made as aforesaid, the president ibid., 4. O f gaid co ll e g e shall, in the month of October, in each year, make his certificate in writing, setting forth the names of the students so as aforesaid appointed and then in attendance at said college, the assembly districts from which they were appointed and the classes in college in which they belong, or the special courses of study which they are pursuing, which certificate, when approved by the president of the board of visitors of the state agricul- tural college, shall be plenary evidence of the number of SCHOOL LAW. 115 scholarships for which payment shall be made, and on certificate filed filing the same with the comptroller of the state he shall comptroller, draw his warrant upon the treasurer of the school fund for the sum of money to which the said college may accordingly be entitled, and the said treasurer shall thereupon pay the same as aforesaid. Extract from an act entitled "An act concerning dis- orderly persons" [Revision of 1875]. 7. Any person who shall enter the buildings or go upon injury to , -, i . . /. i . school property the lands belonging to anv public school district of this or disturbing ." , r . schools. state, or used and occupied for school purposes by any public school in this state, and shall break, injure or deface such building or any part thereof, or the fences or outhouses belonging to or connected with such building or lands, or shall disturb the exercises of such public school, or molest or give annoyance to the children attend- ing such school, or any teacher therein, shall be deemed and adjudged to be a disorderly person, and may be Penalty, apprehended in the manner hereafter prescribed in this act, and taken before any justice of the peace of the county where such person may be apprehended; and it shall be the duty of the said justice to commit such dis- orderly person, when convicted before him by the con- fession of the offender, or by the oath or affirmation of one or more witness or witnesses, to the county jail of such county, there to be kept at hard labor for any term not exceeding thirty days. Extracts from an act entitled "An act for the punish- ment of crimes" [Revision of 1898]. 28. Any member or officer of any state, county or city Penalty for government, or any member of any public board, associa- ] tion or commission, who shall hereafter solicit or receive, either directly or indirectly, any money or valuable thing, reward or commission for his vote in the appointment or selection of any person or persons to any position in any 116 SCHOOL LAW. Penalty for officers having an interest in furnishing supplies. Penalty for bribery. Penalty for exceeding ap- propriation. department of any public body aforesaid, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punished accordingly, and be forever thereafter disqualified from holding any office of profit, trust or emolument in this state. 29. Any employe or person having the whole or partial control or management of any institution, the moneys for the support of which are drawn in whole or in part from the treasury of the state or of any county or city thereof, shall be directly or indirectly interested in furnishing any goods, chattels, supplies or property of any kind whatsoever, to or for the use of any such institution, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. 30. Any person who shall directly or indirectly give, or receive, or promise, contract or agree to give or receive, any sum or sums of money, or any goods, chattels, gift, lands or real estate, or any other thing, present or reward whatsoever, to secure or obtain, or to give out or grant the printing of blanks, notices, advertisements, or any other printing, or any other work or thing, connected w r ith, or in or appertaining to, any office or department of the government of this state, or any office or depart- ment of the government of any county, city, town, town- ship, borough or other place in this state, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. 31. Any board of chosen freeholders or any township Committee, or any board of aldermen or common council- men, or any board of education, or any board of commis- sioners of any county, township, city, town or borough in this state, or any committee of any such board or commis- sion, which, or any member thereof who shall disburse, order or vote for the disbursement of public moneys, in excess of the appropriation respectively to any such board or committee, or which board or committee, or any mem- ber thereof, who shall incur obligations in excess of the appropriation and limit of expenditure provided by law T for the purpose respectively of any such board or com- mittee thus disbursing, ordering or voting for the dis- bursement and expenditure of public moneys, or thus in- curring obligations in excess of the amount appropriated and limit of expenditure as now or hereafter appropri- SCHOOL LAW. 117 atcil and Hmiri'd by law, shall be jointly or severally guilty of a misdemcanm 1 ; provided, nothing herein shall Proviso. prevent any board of education from keeping open the public schools. :\-2. Anv member of any board of chosen freeholders. Penalty for i . . ' n f i i public officer or anv township committee, or any board 01 aldermen being con- ., , - T n -, cerned in any or common council, or any board 01 education or school public con- ,, . . ,, tract. trustees in any city, or any board 01 commissioners of any county, township, city, town, borough or school dis- trict in this state, who shall be directly or indirectly con- cerned in any agreement or contract for the construction of any bridge or building of any kind whatsoever, or any improvement whatever to be constructed or made for the public use or at public expense, or shall be a party to any contract or agreement, either as principal or surety, be- tween the county, township, city, town, borough or school district, as the case may be, and any other party, or shall be directly or indirectly interested in furnishing any goods, chattels, supplies or property of any kind what- soever, to or for the county, township, city, town, borough or school district, the contract or agreement for which is made, or the expense or consideration of which is paid, by the board, council or committee of which such member is a part, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. 33. When bids or proposals for supplies or for public Manner of works or buildings or other public purposes are asked for and e receS5ng by boards of managers having charge of any of the public p institutions of this state, or by boards of freeholders, com- mon councils, boards of works or other bodies having con- trol of the counties, cities or other municipal bodies of this state or any department of the same, or any com- mittees representing such boards or bodies, such boards or bodies or committees shall proceed in the manner fol- lowing, to wit: said boards or governing bodies or com- mittees shall give public notice at the time such bids or proposals are advertised, of the time and place when such bids or proposals shall be received, and at such time and place the said board or governing body or committee, being in session, shall receive such bids, and thereupon immediately proceed to unseal the same and publicly 118 SCHOOL LAW. announce the contents in the presence of the parties bidding or their agents, providing said parties or agents choose to be then and there present, and also make proper record of the prices and terms upon the minutes of the body; no bids shall be received previous to the hour designated in the public notice, and none shall be re- ceived thereafter; and any failure to comply with the provisions hereof shall be a misdemeanor. An Act for the creation of a state board of children's guardians, and for defining their duties and powers with respect to the maintenance, care and general supervision over indigent, helpless, dependent, aban- doned, friendless and poor children now or hereafter to become public charges of this state, approved March twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine. BE IT EXACTED by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey: """ ^ nere sna H be appointed by the governor seven guardians ; ap- persons, two of whom shall be women, who shall be known pomtment and r i / i -i -i T term. a s the state board of children s guardians, two 01 whom shall hold office for two years, two for four years and three for six years, as shall be indicated by the governor on making their appointment, and thereafter all appoint- ments, except to fill vacancies in the said board, shall be Expenses met, f or s i x years, and shall be made by the governor; said board shall receive no compensation for their time or services but the actual and necessary expenses of each of them while engaged in the performance of the duties of his or her office. Vacancies. 2. In case of the death or resignation of any member, or in case any member ceases to be a resident or citizen of this state, it shall be the duty of the governor to fill such vacancy for the unexpired term only, and any mem- ber may be removed by the governor for cause. du^ e of a bo d ard 3 * ^ a ^ k ar( l f children's guardians shall have and it is hereby vested with power to adopt a seal and SCHOOL LAW. 119 reasonable rules and regulations ; said board of children's guardians shall have the care of and maintain a general supervision over all indigent, helpless, dependent, aban- doned, friendless and poor children who may now be or who may hereafter become public charges; and said board shall have the care of and maintain supervision over all children adjudged public charges, who may now be in the charge, custody and control of any county asylum, county home, almshouse, poorhouse, charitable institution, home or family to which such child or chil- dren may be or have been committed, confined, adopted, apprenticed, indentured or bound out; said board shall have and is hereby vested with power to appoint such agents, one being a woman, and other subordinate officers as it may deem necessary; said board shall fix their compensation, subject to the approval of the governor, and the amount paid for compensation of such agents and other officers shall not exceed the sum appropriated by the legislature for the purpose. 4. It shall be the duty of the state board of children's further duty. .. . /. -, . ft Chap. 84. guardians, upon receiving notice 01 the commitment 01 P.L. 1900,31. the child as a public charge, to place such child in the care of some family within this state, with or without the payment of board, and with or without indenture; and it shall further be the duty of such state board of children's guardians to place such child in the care of a family of the religious faith of the parent or parents of such child, and during the period in which the state board of children's guardians is seeking such family for such child, and until such family is secured as herein- before provided, it shall be the duty of the state board of children's guardians to place such child in the custody and care of an institution in this state for the care of children; provided, that the institution in which the Proviso, child is placed shall be one maintained for children of the religious faith of the parent or parents of such child when such an institution exists therein ; in case no insti- tution of such religious faith exists in this state, then the said board of children's guardians shall use its discretion in providing an institution for the care of such child until 120 SCHOOL LAW. Proviso. Visitations. Reports. Funds pro- vided by chosen free- holders. Provision for expenses in annual budget. Duty of over- seer of poor. a family has been secured ; provided, that nothing in this act contained shall be construed as giving such state board any control over or supervision of any child heretofore or hereafter placed in or bound out by any home or institu- tion created under the laws of this state, and supported or maintained without assistance from the state or any municipality thereof, or of any child heretofore or here- after duly committed to a duly incorporated charitable institution in this state by virtue of an act approved March twenty-fifth, anno domini one thousand eight hundred and eighty-one, entitled "A supplement to an act entitled 'An act for the settlement and relief of the poor' [Eevision], approved March twenty-seventh, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four." 5. It shall be the duty of the state board of children's guardians to visit, by its agent or agents, quarterly, all children who may be committed under this act, and also any home, asylum, institution or private family where any such child or children may be placed; said board shall report from time to time to the governor, and make a yearly report to the governor and legislature of the state, showing in detail the work of said board for that time. 6. The county board of chosen freeholders of the re- spective counties of this state shall annually hereafter provide sufficient funds for the objects of this act in their respective counties for the support, care and educa- tion and maintenance of any child or children adjudged to be a public charge, and who shall become thereby wards of the state board of children's guardians; said sum shall not be less than one dollar and fifty cents per week for each child. 7. It shall be the duty of the proper officers in any county, township, borough, city, or other municipality in any county in the state having jurisdiction to provide in their annual budget for the expense of maintaining such children as aforesaid; said sum not to be less than one dollar and fifty cents per week for each child. 8. It shall be the duty of every overseer of the poor or other officer in any county, city, township, borough or SCHOOL LAW. 121 other municipality in any county in the state having jurisdiction and power to do so, to commit such child or children to the care of the keeper of the almshouse, or such other institution where he would commit such child or children, for the term of thirty days after the date of such commitment; thereupon he shall forthwith give a written notice of such commitment to the state board of children's guardians, which notice shall contain a de- scription of such child, or children, embracing its or their name, age, sex, religion, faith of its or their parent or parents, date of commitment and such other informa- tion as such officer has been able to ascertain: upon such wards of state guardians. commitment being made by such officer as aforesaid, such child or children shall immediately become the ward or wards of the state board of children's guardians. 9. It shall be the duty of the state board of children's children ., , . placed as soon guardians, upon receipt of the notice of the commitment as possible, of any child as hereinbefore provided, to place such child or children in the manner hereinbefore provided as soon as possible thereafter ; and in no case shall said child or children who may hereafter be committed as public charges, who may be over the age of twelve months, be confined in such almshouse for a longer period than thirty days, and the keeper of such almshouse shall sur- render such child or children to the care and custody of the state board of children's guardians at any time within thirty days, when surrender is demanded. 10. The state board of children's guardians may. in its Return cnii- T. T-ii i i? i drentoparents. discretion, return any child or children becoming wards of said state board to the parent or parents or other relative agreeing to assume the care and maintenance of such child or children or of sufficient ability to do so. 11. The state board of children's guardians may, in until effective , . , . . ,, organization is their discretion, lor the purpose of effective organization, completed, require the continuance of children in almshouses or other places where such children may be kept for a period not longer than six months after the passage of this act. 122 SCHOOL LAW. Remain as guardians. Act, how con- strued. 12. The state board of children's guardians shall re- main the guardian of all children indentured, bound out or put forth, who may now be or may hereafter become public charges. 13. This act shall be construed liberally and for the benefit of any child or children so becoming ward or wards of such state board of children's guardians as aforesaid. Rules and Regulations PRESCRIBED BY THE State Board of Education (123) RULES AND REGULATIONS. TEACHEKS' CEKTIFICATES. I. RULES RELATING TO ALL CERTIFICATES. 1. Xo person shall be employed as a teacher by any board of education unless he shall hold a certificate in full force and effect in this State at the time he shall begin teaching under a contract entered into between a board of education and such teacher. Any person accepting a position as teacher in any school shall, before entering upon the duties of such position, exhibit his certificate to the county or District Superintendent of Schools of the county or district in which such school shall be situate. 2. The District Clerk of the Board of Education of each school district situate in a township, incorporated town or borough shall, within ten days after a contract with a teacher shall have been made, forward to the County Superintendent of Schools a copy of such contract if the same shall be in writing, but if such con- tract shall have been made under rules adopted by the board of education, said district clerk shall report to the County Superin- tendent of Schools the name of such teacher, the time for which he shall have been employed, the amount of salary and the kind, grade and date of his certificate. The County Superintendent of Schools shall file such contracts and reports, and keep an accurate record thereof. 3. Each board of education which shall adopt rules governing the employment of teachers in accordance with the provisions of section 100 of the School law, shall file a copy of such rules with the County Superintendent of Schools. 4. Any person may, between the dates of the regular examina- tions, at the discretion of the State Board of Examiners or of the County or the District Board of Examiners of the county or dis- trict in which the school he intends to teach shall be situate, be granted a provisional certificate good in the subjects to be taught until the next regular examination. A provisional certificate shall not be renewed or extended. (125) 126 KULES AND BEGULATIONS 5. Each applicant for a teacher's certificate shall file testimo- nials as to his moral character and scholarship, and in case of previous experience, testimonials as to his success in teaching ; and shall present a written statement as to the places in which he shall have taught, and the term of service in each. No certificate shall be issued until the applicant therefor shall have filed such testi- monials and statement. 6. No certificate shall be issued to any person whose percentage in any subject covered by the examination shall fall below 70. 7. Any board of examiners may accept any certificate of any grade in full force and effect, or which shall have been in full force and effect in this State within one year next preceding th date of the examination, in lieu of an examination in the academic subjects covered by said certificate; provided., said certificate shall show a general average of not less than 75 per cent. 8. The State Board of Examiners may, subject to appeal to the State Board of Education, revoke for cause any certificate granted by any board of examiners. 9. Any County or District Board of Examiners may, subject to appeal, revoke any certificate granted by it. 10. Each board of examiners shall keep a list of all certificates issued by it, together with the names and addresses of the teachers to whom they shall have been issued, and shall transmit to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction within thirty days after each regular or special examination a copy of such list, which list shall be printed in the annual report of that officer. 11. In any examination for a teacher's certificate the diploma of a university or college authorized to confer degrees may be accepted in lieu of an examination in the subjects prescribed for such examination ; provided, that the course of study covered by said diploma shall include said prescribed subjects or their equiva- lent, and shall not have been pursued through correspondence. The State Board of Examiners may, in lieu of an examination in any subject or subjects, accept such credentials as it may deem conclusive evidence of scholarship and professional qualification; provided, such action shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of Kule 14. 12. Special certificates may be granted to kindergartners, and to teachers of physical training, music, drawing, manual training, ancient languages, modern languages and commercial branches. FOE SCHOOL OFFICEKS. 127 II. STATE CERTIFICATES. 13. The State Board of Examiners shall grant first, second and third-grade State certificates, and special State certificates for the subjects authorized under Eule 12. 14. The State Board of Examiners may grant a second-grade State certificate, valid for two years, to the holder of a diploma of any normal school or teachers' college, or a permanent certifi- cate to teach in another State and valid as a State certificate therein,- when the course of study of such normal school or teachers' college or the requirements for such certificate shall be, in the judgment of said board, equivalent to those required for a State certificate to teach in this State ; provided, that such other State shall grant reciprocal privileges to those holding similar diplomas or certificates issued in this State. ' After the expiration of said two years, the said normal diploma, teachers' college diploma, or permanent State certificate, in virtue of which the aforesaid second-grade State certificate was issued, may be indorsed by the State Board of Examiners; provided, the holder thereof shall have taught not less than two years in this State, shall have given satisfactory evidence of efficiency and success as a teacher and shall file approved testimonials. When so indorsed such diploma or certificate shall have the same force and effect as if issued in this State. Normal diplomas, issued in States not having a State system of certification, and which are, therefore, unable to grant said reciprocal privileges, may be indorsed as hereinabove provided. 15. There shall be two examinations for State certificates each year. Said examinations shall be held in the State House, at Trenton, on the first Thursday, Friday and Saturday of June and December respectively, and the questions used shall be approved by each member of the board of examiners. The subjects shall be assigned in the following order : Thursday (1) Geometry, (2) Literature, (3) Chemistry, (4) Botany. Friday (1) Drawing, (2) Psychology, (3) School Law, (4) Manual Training, (5) Principles and Practice of the Kinder- garten, (0) Music, (7) Ancient and Modern Languages, (8) Bookkeeping, (9) Commercial Arithmetic. 128 KULES AND REGULATIONS Saturday (1) Physical Training, (2) Theory and Practice of Teaching, (3) History of Education, (4) Science of Education, (5) Stenography, (6) Business Practice. 16. An applicant for a third-grade State certificate shall be not less than twenty years of age, and shall not be required to have had previous experience in teaching. The examination shall be the same as that required for a first-grade county certificate, and, in addition thereto, Psychology, Plane and Solid Geometry, Lit- erature, Botany and Free-hand Drawing, or in lieu of one or more of said subjects, such other subject or subjects as the State Board of Examiners shall regard as the equivalent thereof. This certificate shall remain in force for seven years from its date, and shall be valid as a license to teach in any school in the State. It may be renewed without re-examination. (See Rule 19.) 17. An applicant for a second-grade State certificate shall be not less than twenty-one years of age, with an experience in teach- ing of not less than two years. The examination shall be the same as that required for the third-grade State certificate, and, in addition thereto, Chemistry, Science of Education, Manual Train- ing and Physical Training, or in lieu of one or more of the said subjects, such other subject or subjects as the State Board of Examiners shall regard as the equivalent- thereof. This certificate shall remain in force for ten years from its date, and shall be valid as a license to teach in any school in the State. It may be renewed without re-examination. This shall be the highest grade certificate issued for class teaching as distinguished from super- vision. (See Rule 19.) 18. An applicant for a first-grade State certificate shall be not less than twenty-five years of age, with an experience in teaching of not less than five years, and shall present satisfactory evidence of efficiency and success as a superintendent, supervising principal, principal of a graded school employing not less than five assistant teachers, or in such other capacity as the State Board of Examiners shall regard as the equivalent thereof. The examination shall be the same as for the second-grade State certificate. The first-grade State certificate shall remain in force during the life of the holder, and shall be valid as a license to teach in any public school in the State. (See Rule 19.) 19. Any person desiring to take an examination in any subject or subjects in lieu of those specified, shall make application FOR SCHOOL OFFICERS. 129 therefor, addressed to the Secretary of the State Board of Exam- iners, Trenton, X. J., at least four weeks prior to the date of the examination. 20. Graduates of the State Xormal School who shall have com- pleted the post-graduate course shall be granted formal School life certificates. Graduates who shall have completed the three- years' course shall be granted Xormal School certificates which shall remain in force for ten years from the date thereof. Gradu- ates of the three-years' course, with a*a experience in teaching of not less than two years after graduation, may be granted Normal School life certificates upon presenting to the State Board of Examiners satisfactory evidence of their success as teachers. Xormal School certificates shall be valid as licenses to teach in any public school in the State. 21. A graduate of the former elementary course of the State Xormal School may be granted a Normal life certificate upon passing an examination in Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Geome- try, History of Education, Science of Education and School Law of Xew Jersey, or in lieu of one or more of said subjects, such other subject or subjects as the State Board of Examiners shall regard as the equivalent thereof. (See Rule 19.) 22. A special kindergarten State certificate, or a State certificate to teach ancient languages or modern languages, may be granted to any person holding a diploma from a high school, or any form of teacher's certificate, other than special, which shall be valid in Xew Jersey, or which shall have been in full force and effect in this State within one year next preceding the date of the exam- ination, on passing an examination in History of Education, Psychology, Theory and Practice of Teaching, School Law of Xew Jersey and the special subject to be taught, and, in addition thereto, for a kindergarten certificate, an examination in Drawing. A special State certificate to teach Drawing, Manual Training, Physical Training or Music, may be granted to any person on passing an examination in Psychology, History of Education, School Law of Xew Jersey and the special subject to be taught, and, in addition thereto, for a certificate to teach Drawing, an examination in Plane Geometry. A special State certificate to teach commerical branches may be granted to any person on pass- ing an examination in Psychology, School -Law of Xew Jersey, Bookkeeping, Commercial Arithmetic, Stenography, Theory and 9 130 EULES AND REGULATIONS Practice of Teaching, History of Education and Business Prac- tice. All special State certificates shall be valid for a term of five years from their date, and may be renewed without re- examination. III. COUNTY CERTIFICATES. 23. Each County Board of Examiners shall grant first, second and third-grade county certificates and special county certificates for the subjects authorized under Rule 12. 24. There shall be three examinations for county certificates each year, at such place or places in the county as shall be desig- nated by the County Superintendent. Said examinations shall be held on the first Friday and Saturday in October, February and May respectively; provided, that when any of these days shall fall upon a legal holiday the examination shall be postponed one w r eek; provided further, that the County Superintendent may designate some other day than Saturday as a regular day for examinations without charge to applicants. The subjects shall t>e assigned in the following order: Friday (1) Penmanship, (2) Orthography, (3) Arithmetic, (4) Geography, (5) Grammar, (6) Reading. Saturday Third Grade (1) Theory and Practice of Teach- ing, (2) School Law of New Jersey, (3) Temperance Physiology, (4) United States History, (5) Elementary Civics, (6) Elemen- tary Composition. Second Grade (1) Theory and Practice of Teaching, (2) School Law of New Jersey, (3) History of Education, (4) Physi- ology, (5) Composition, (6) Bookkeeping, (7) Elementary Algebra. First Grade (1) Theory and Practice of Teaching, (2) School Law of New Jersey, (3) History of Education, (4) Algebra, (5) Civics, (6) Physics, (7) General History, (8) Plane Geometry. Special Certificates Saturday (1) Theory and Practice of Teaching, (2) School Law of New Jersey, (3) Kindergarten, (4) Drawing, (5) Manual Training, (6) Physical Training, (7) Music, (8) Ancient Languages, (9) Modern Languages, (10) In- ventional Geometry. 25. If an applicant shall fail to complete at one session of the board of examiners all the subjects required to secure a certificate, FOE SCHOOL OFFICERS. 131 the remaining subject or subjects may be taken at a subsequent examination. 26. Any teacher holding a certificate in full force and effect may attend not more than two subsequent .examinations for the purpose of improving his general average or his percentage in any subject or subjects. Any improvement shall be recorded on the original certificate but shall not prolong the term for which it shall have been issued. 27. All county certificates shall bear date of the first day of the month next succeeding the examination, and all certificates now in force shall remain in force until the first day of the month next succeeding the date of the expiration of the term for which they shall have been issued. 28. For the purpose of classification an ungraded school shall be one in which but a single teacher is employed ; a graded school shall be one which is divided into at least two departments; a primary school or primary department shall be one having the first four years of the usual school curriculum consisting of sub- jects similar to those prescribed for the primary department of the State Model School; a grammar school or grammar depart- ment shall be one having the second four years of the usual school curriculum consisting of subjects similar to those prescribed for the grammar department of the State Model School; a high school or high school department shall be one having the third four years of the usual school curriculum consisting of subjects similar to those prescribed for the high school department of the State Model School. 29. An applicant for a third-grade county certificate shall be not less than eighteen years of age, and shall not be required to have had previous experience in teaching. Said applicant shall be examined in Orthography, Reading, Penmanship, Geography, Arithmetic, English Grammar, Elementary Composition, United States History, Elementary Civics, Temperance Physiology and the Theory and Practice of Teaching. The third-grade county certificate shall continue in force for two years from its date, and shall be valid as a license to teach in any ungraded school or primary department in the county in which it shall be issued. Said certificate may be given two renewals; provided, it shall show a general average of not less than 75 per cent, and the holder thereof shall pass on each renewal an examination in 132 KULES A:N T D REGULATIONS Theory and Practice of Teaching and School Law of New Jersey- The third-grade county certificate shall not be issued to the same person more than three times unless he shall secure the profes- sional certificate. (See Rule 36.) 30. An applicant for the second-grade county certificate shall he not less than nineteen years of age, with an experience in teaching of not less than one year. The examination shall be the same as that required for the third-grade county certificate, and, in addition thereto, Composition, Physiology, Elementary Alge- bra, School Law of New Jersey and Bookkeeping. Said certificate shall continue in force for three years from its date, and shall be valid as a license to teach in any ungraded school or primary or grammar department in the county in which it shall be issued. The second-grade county certificate may be renewed ; provided, it shall show a general average of not less than 75 per cent., and the holder thereof shall pass on each renewal an examination in Theory and Practice of Teaching and History of Education. 31. An applicant for the first-grade county certificate shall be- not less than twenty years of age, with an experience in teaching of not less than two years. The examination shall be the same as that required for the second-grade county certificate, and, in addition thereto, Algebra, Plane Geometry, Physics, General His- tory, History of Education and Civics, or in lieu of one or more of said subjects, such other subject or subjects as the State Super- intendent of Public Instruction shall regard as the equivalent thereof. Said certificate shall continue in force for five years- from its date, and shall be valid as a license to teach in any school or department in the county in which it shall be issued.. The first-grade county certificate may be renewed in the county in which it shall have been issued without re-examination;, provided, it shall show a general average of not less than 75- per cent (See Rule 32.) 32. Any person desiring to take an examination in any subject or subjects in lieu of those specified for a first-grade county cer- tificate, shall make application therefor to the State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction at least four weeks prior to the date of the examination. 33. Upon each county certificate shall be written the percentage in each subject and the general average, each marked upon a scale of 100. FOE SCHOOL OFFICERS. 133 34. When a County Superintendent of Schools shall ascertain that any teacher is, through aptitude and acquirement, especially qualified to give instruction in particular branches or depart- ments, he shall record the fact on such teacher's certificate. 35. A special kindergarten county certificate, or a county cer- tificate to teach ancient languages or modern languages, may be granted to any person holding a diploma from a high school or any form of teacher's certificate, other than special, which shall be valid in .New Jersey, or which shall have been in full force and effect in this State within one year next preceding the date of the examination, on passing a satisfactory examination in Theory and Practice of Teaching, School Law of New Jersey and the special subject to be taught, and, in addition thereto, for a kindergarten certificate, an examination in Drawing. A special certificate to teach Manual Training, Physical Training, Drawing or Music, may be granted to any person passing an examination in School Law of New Jersey and the special subject to be taught, and, in addition thereto, for a certificate to teach Drawing, an examination in Concrete or Inventional Geometry. A special certificate to teach commercial branches may be granted to any person passing an examination in School Law of New Jersey, Bookkeeping, Commercial Arithmetic, Stenography, Theory and Practice of Teaching and Business Practice. All special county certificates shall be valid for a term of three years from their date, and may be renewed without re-examination. 36. A professional certificate for each grade may be issued to a teacher whose percentage in any subject shall be not less than 75, whose general average in .all the subjects shall be not less than 85, and who shall have completed the prescribed course of professional reading; provided, said teacher, in the judgment of the County Board of Examkiers, shall possess exceptional skill in the organization, management and advancement of a school. A County Board of Examiners must exercise due caution and dis- cretion in the issue of professional certificates. A professional certificate shall be granted only after a careful personal supervi- sion and inspection of school work, and must have the approval of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. A professional certificate may be accepted by any board of examiners in lieu of .an examination in any of the subjects covered by said certificate. 134 EULES AND REGULATIONS IV. CITY CERTIFICATES. 37. Each City Board of Examiners shall grant certificates of such grades as shall be prescribed by the City Board' of Educa- tion, and shall also grant special certificates for the subjects au- thorized under Rule 12. A copy of the rules governing exam- inations shall be filed in the office of the State Board of Education. 38. The requirements for the several grades of certificates- granted by a City Board of Examiners under the provisions of section 32 of the School law, shall be not less than those pre- scribed by these Rules and Regulations for the corresponding grades of county certificates. If a City Board of Examiners shall grant but two grades of certificates, other than special, the re- quirements for the two grades shall be not less than the require- ments prescribed for the three grades of county certificates, but the subjects required shall be apportioned between said grades by the City Board of Examiners. Nothing in this rule shall be construed as prohibiting a City Board of Examiners from requir- ing other and additional qualifications than those prescribed by this rule. 39. If any City Board of Examiners shall hold regular exam- inations on the dates fixed by these Rules and Regulations for holding the county examinations, and shall use the questions and the system prescribed for county examinations, the certificates granted by such City Board of Examiners may be accepted by the State Board of Examiners and by any County Board of Examiners on the same terms as said boards of examiners are authorized to accept county certificates. 40. The board of education in each city school district having a normal or training school or a normal or training department, shall submit to the State Board of Education for its approval the course of study pursued in such normal or training school or nor- mal or training department, and shall also submit for approval all changes or amendments thereof as shall be made after such course of study shall have been approved as aforesaid. 41. All diplomas or certificates granted to graduates of a normal or training school or a normal or training department shall be valid as certificates to teach in the district in which such normal or training school or normal or training department shall be FOE SCHOOL OFFICERS. 135 situate; provided, the course of study pursued by the persons to whom such diplomas or certificates shall be granted shall have been approved by the State Board of Education. V. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. 42. Each County Superintendent shall visit the schools in his county as often as may be necessary ; provided, that he shall visit every school under his jurisdiction at least once in each year; provided further,, that the total number of visits made during the year shall equal at least twice the number of schools under his jurisdiction, the additional visits to be made to such schools as, in his judgment, most need his encouragement and advice. At such visits he shall inquire into the management, methods of instruction and discipline in such schools; note the condition of the school-houses, sites, buildings and appurtenances, examine the course of study, text-books and school libraries, and recommend to and counsel teachers as to proper studies, methods, discipline and management for the schools. 43. The County Superintendent shall distribute promptly all documents, forms, laws, circulars and instructions which he may receive from the State Superintendent or the State Board of Education. 44. The County Superintendent shall see that the decisions of the State Superintendent and the State Board of Education, upon controversies arising under the School laws of the State or under the rules and regulations prescribed by the State Board of Educa- tion are obeyed; and in case such decisions are not obeyed he shall so inform the State Superintendent and state the circum- stances. 45. The County Superintendent shall preserve carefully all reports of school officers and teachers, and all examination papers of teachers examined by the County Board of Examiners, and at the close of his official term shall deliver to his successor all records, books, documents, papers and property belonging to the office. 46. The County Superintendent shall not be agent for or be in any way pecuniarily or beneficially interested in the sale to the board of education of any school district under his supervision of any text-books, maps, charts, school apparatus or supplies of any 13G RULES AXD REGULATIONS kind, or receive compensation or reward of any kind for any such sale or for unlawfully promoting or favoring the same. Any County Superintendent who shall violate this provision shall be subject to removal from office. 47. The County Superintendent shall meet each board of educa- tion in his county at least twice each year, at such times and places as he may appoint. 48. The County Superintendent shall, in the manner now pro- vided by law, and subject to the approval of the State Superin- tendent, prepare and establish a uniform course of study and a standard of graduation in the schools under his supervision. 49. The County Superintendent shall, by such means as he shall deem most practicable, establish a County Pedagogical Library, and shall, subject to the approval of the State Super- intendent, designate courses of pedagogical reading. 50. The State Superintendent shall furnish blank diplomas to be awarded by County Superintendents to all pupils who shall successfully complete the prescribed course of study; also diplo- mas suitable to be granted to such teachers as shall prove that they have intelligently completed the courses of professional reading prescribed for their respective grades. 51. The Committee on Education shall, subject to the approval of the State Board of Education, prepare rules for the examina- tion of applicants for the position of County Superintendent; shall conduct such examinations and shall report its findings to said board at its regular meeting in October. TEACHERS' INSTITUTES. 52. The State Superintendent shall secure instructors, prepare programs and provide a county institute for each county of the State, but shall hold joint institutes wherever practicable. Gen- eral sessions of such institutes may, if deemed advisable, be held during each forenoon, but the afternoon session shall be divided into either two or three departments, in which the instruction given shall be adapted to the several grades of teachers in attendance. 53. ISTo public school in the State shall be in session, or shall be deemed to be in session, during the period the institute for the county in which it is situate shall be held. FOR SCHOOL OFFICEES. 137 54. All teachers shall attend the annual institute held for the county in which they are teaching ; and no deduction shall be made from the salary of any teacher for the time he shall be in attend- ance upon said institute. 55. The State Superintendent shall pay all expenses incurred in connection with each county institute, but only upon the pres- entation of itemized and certified bills, and shall render to the State Board of Education both an itemized and a summarized account of the amount expended, accompanied with appropriate vouchers. 56. The County Superintendent shall make all necessary local arrangements for the county institute, shall preside at the same, shall render an exact statement to employing boards as to the time each teacher in the county has been in attendance at said institute, and no teacher shall be paid for time not in actual at- tendance at the said institute, except upon the presentation of a written excuse from the county superintendent. TEACHERS. 57. The order or warrant for the balance of salary due any teacher at the time of closing the school for the summer vacation shall not be delivered to such teacher until the district clerk or other officer authorized to deliver such order or warrant shall have received written notice from the State Superintendent of Public Instruction that such teacher has filed his or her register and report of attendance with him; provided, that in any school in which more than one teacher shall be employed, the principal thereof shall file the registers and reports ; and provided further, .that in any district having a superintendent or a supervising principal the filing of the registers and reports with such super- intendent or supervising principal shall be deemed to be a com- pliance with the provisions of this rule, and said superintendent or supervising principal shall forward the registers and reports to the State Superintendent. 138 EULES AXD KEGULATIOXS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 58. For the purpose of apportionment a day shall consist of not less than four hours of actual school work, except in kinder- gartens one continuous session of two and one-half hours may be considered a day. Night school sessions shall be reckoned as half days. 59. The mere presence of a pupil at roll call will not be con- sidered as sufficient attendance to be a compliance with the intent of the law. A pupil must be present at least one hour during any forenoon, afternoon or evening session in order to be recorded! present. 60. ~No attendance is to be marked in the register for the days during which the school shall be closed, but a report shall be made to the State Superintendent at the end of the year stating- in detail the days on which the schools were closed and the reasons, therefor. The attendance for days when the school shall have- been closed for good cause will be computed by said State Super- intendent, and all that the teacher is required to do is to note in the register on each day the school shall be closed, the reasons why a session of the school was not held. 61. Whenever a dwelling shall be quarantined by order of the board of health, notice shall be sent to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction of the date when the quarantine went into- effect and the date when it was raised, with a certificate from the Board of Health stating the reasons for the quarantine. Children residing in the building quarantined, who shall be ac- tually on roll in the school at the time the building shall be quarantined, excepting children who are ill, shall be counted as- present during the time the building shall be quarantined. The allowance for attendance lost by pupils quarantined will be added to the total attendance of the district by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction at the end of the school year. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall prepare and distribute blank forms for carrying this rule into effect, and the notice pro- vided for in this rule shall be forwarded on said forms as soon as possible after said quarantine shall be raised. FOE SCHOOL OFFICERS. 139 SCHOOL LIBRARIES. 62. In each city school district all selections of books of refer- ence, books for school libraries, school apparatus and educational works of art, purchased in part by State funds, shall be approved by a committee of five persons, consisting of the city superin- tendent of schools, if there be one, two principals of public schools- in such city to be appointed by said city superintendent, and two residents of the city to be appointed by the Board of Educa- tion. If in any such city there shall be a public library, with a regularly appointed and qualified librarian who shall be able to serve, said librarian shall be a member of such committee, in which case the Board of Education shall appoint one resident of the city on such committee instead of two as is hereinbefore pro- vided. In any city school district not having a city superintend- ent of schools, the county superintendent of schools of the county in which such city shall be situate, shall be a member of said committee, and shall appoint said principals. 63. In each township, incorporated town and borough school district, all selections of books of reference, books for school libraries, school apparatus and educational works of art, purchased in part by State funds, shall be approved by a committee con- sisting of the county superintendent of schools for the county in which such district shall be situate, the President of the Board of Education, the principal of the school for which the purchases shall be made, and the supervising principal of the district, if there be one. Blanks and Forms For School Officers (141) BLANKS AND FORMS FOR SCHOOL OFFICERS. The following Forms have been prepared for the use of all officers having duties to discharge under the School Law. Their use will secure uniformity and correctness in the transaction of financial and general school business. The literal use of these Forms is in no case essential to the validity of a school instru- ment. Any form may be used which clearly expresses the objects designed, or the intention of the parties interested, and conforms in all respects to the requirements of the law, but as those annexed have been prepared with strict reference to these necessary con- ditions, their use is recommended. The blank spaces are to be filled to meet the varying circumstances in each case. These Forms have been submitted to and approved by the State Board of Education. CHARLES J. BAXTEE, State Superintendent of Public Instruction. (14*) FORMS FOR COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. I. (Form No. 15.) Transfer Certificate. County. Transfer Certificate No This is to certify that , residing in the School District of , County of , has re- ceived the consent of the County Superintendent to attend the Public Schools in the School District of r County of Dated , 190. . County Superintendent. One copy should be filed with the clerk of the school district- in which the pupil attends school, and one copy with the clerk of the school district in which said pupil resides. When the districts are in adjoining counties, the certificate must be signed by the County Superintendent of each county. II. (Form No. 21.) Notice of Institute. , K J., , 190.. The Teachers' Institute for County will be held at , beginning , 190. ., and closing , 190.. County Superintendent. RULE PRESCRIBED BY THE STATE BOABD OF EDUCATION. "All teachers shall attend the annual institute, held for the county in which they are teaching, and no deduction shall be made from the salary of any teacher for the time he shall be in attendance upon said institute." (144} FOE SCHOOL OFFICEKS. 145 I. (Form No. 22.) Certificate of Teacher's Attendance at Institute. , X. L, , 190.. To the Board of Education of the School District of : I hereby certify that. has been in attend- ance at the Annual Institute of the County, just closed, days. County Superintendent, IV. (Form No. 38.) Notice of Meeting for Examination of Teachers. Notice is hereby given that there will be a meeting of the County Board of Examiners of County, for the examination of candidates for teachers' certificates at , on , the instant. Each applicant for a certifi- cate should be present as early as o'clock A. M. County Superintendent. , 190. . The questions will be given in the following order : Friday (1) Penmanship,. (2) Orthography, (3) Arithmetic. (4) Geography, (5) Grammar, (6) Reading. Saturday Third Grade. (1) Theory and Practice of Teach- ing, (2) School Law of New Jersey, (3) Temperance Physiology, (4) United States History, (5) Elementary Civics, (6) Elemen- tary Composition. Second Grade. (1) Theory and Practice of Teaching, (2) School Law of New Jersey, (3) History of Education, (4) Physiology, (5) Composition, (6) Bookkeeping, (7) Elementary Algebra. First Grade. (1) Theory and Practice of Teaching, (2) School Law of New Jersey, (3) History of Education, (4) Algebra, (5) Civics, (6) Physics, (7) General History, (8) Plane Geometry. Special Certificates. (1) Theory and Practice of Teaching, (2) School Law of New Jersey, (3) Kindergarten, (4) Drawing,. (5) Manual Training, (6) Physical Training, (7) Music, (8) Ancient Languages, (9) Modern Languages, (10) Inventional Geometry. 10 146 BLANKS AND FORMS V. (Form No. 25.) Statement of Expenses. , N. J., , 190.. To the State Board of Education: I herewith submit a statement, by items, of the expenses I have incurred in the performance of my official duties as County Superintendent of County, for the three months end- ing , 190. . OFFICE EXPENSES. Postage, Expressage, . . . . . . . Stationery, . . . . . . . Printing, . . . . . . . MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. EXPENSES INCURRED IN VISITING SCHOOLS. Date , Schools , Date , Schools , SUMMARY. Office expenses, ....... Miscellaneous expenses, ...... Expenses incurred in visiting schools, .... Total, Total number of school-houses in the County, Total number visited during the three months ending ,190.., . ... Numbers of the schools not visited, .... Reasons why these schools were not visited, . STATE OF NEW JERSEY, ) > 99 County, j On this day of , 190. ., before me personally appeared , County Superintendent of County, FOK SCHOOL OFFICEES. 147 who, on his oath, saith that the within statement is true, and that, to the best of his knowledge and belief, he ha.s, during the time for which this statement is made, faithfully performed all the duties imposed by the School Law and by the regulations of the State Board of Education. Sworn and subscribed before mel this day of , 190. . j VI. (Form No. 26.) Order on County Collector for the $200,000 State School Fund Appropriation. OFFICE OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT, , K J., , 190.. To the Collector of County: Pay to the order of the Custodian of School Moneys of the School District of , dollars, being the amount apportioned for the support of Public Schools in said District, out of the State School Fund appropriation of $200,000, for the School Year beginning July 1st, 190 . . County Superintendent. VII. (Form No. 26A.) Order on County Collector for the State Appropriation. OFFICE OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT, , K J., , 190.. To the Collector of County : Pay to the order of the Custodian of School Moneys of the School District of , dollars, being the amount apportioned for the support of Public Schools in said District, out of the State Appropriation, for the School Year beginning July 1st, 190. ., in accordance with the provisions of section 172 of the School Law. $.. County Superintendent. 148 BLANKS AXD FOKMS VIII. (Form No. 27.) Order on the County Collector for the State School Tax. OFFICE OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT, ) ,ff. J., ,190.. ( To the Collector of County: Pay to the order of the Custodian of School Moneys of the School District of , dollars, being the amount apportioned out of the State School Tax for the support of Public Schools in said District, for the School Year beginning July 1st, 190.. County Superintendent. IX. (Form No. 28.) Order on the County Collector for the Reserve Fund. OFFICE OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT, ) , K J., , 190.. j To the Collector of County: Pay to the order of the Custodian of School Moneys of the School District of , dollars, being the amount apportioned out of the Reserve Fund for the support of Public Schools in said District, for the School Year beginning July 1st,. 190.. County Superintendent. X. (Form No. 29.) Order on the County Collector for the Interest of Surplus Revenue. OFFICE OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT, \ To the Collector of ...... County: Pay to the order of the Custodian of School Moneys of the 1 School District of ......... , ........ dollars, being the amount apportioned out of the Interest of the Surplus Revenue for the- FOR SCHOOL OFFICERS. 149 support of Public Schools in said District, for the School Year beginning July 1st, 190. . County Superintendent. XI. (Form No. 30.) Order on County Collector for Balances. OFFICE OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT, ) , N. J., ,190.. ( To the Collector of County : Pay to the order of the Custodian of School Moneys of the School District of , dollars, being the amount of balance of the State Appropriation reapportioned to said Dis- trict for the support of Public Schools, for the School Year beginning July 1st, 190. . County Superintendent. XII. (Form No. 31.) Order on the County Collector for Examiner's Salary. ]STo. . OFFICE OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT TENDENT, ) ,190.. ) To the Collector of County: Pay to the order of , County Examiner, dollars, being the amount due him for services and traveling expenses at the , 190. ., session of the Board of County Examiners. $ County Superintendent. XIII. (Form No. 57.) Notice to District Clerk that Teacher has filed Report. , ST. J., 190.. To District Clerk: SIR You are hereby notified that has filed annual report with me, as required by law. County Superintendent. 150 BLANKS AND FOKMS XIV. Notice to Teacher Revoking His Certificate. To : SIB The certificate of qualification held by you as a Public School teacher in the County of , issued on the day of , 190. ., is hereby revoked, for the reason that [here state reason wliy certificate is revoked]. Dated this day of , 190. . County Superintendent. See Rules 8 and 9 of the State Board of Education. XV. Notice to District Clerk Informing Him of the Revocation of Teacher's Certificate. To , District Clerk of the School District of , of the County of : SIR You are hereby notified that on the day of , 190. . , the certificate of qualification held by , a teacher in your Township, was revoked for the reason that the said does not possess the requisite qualifications as a teacher in respect to [moral character, learning or ability to teach, as the case may be]. Dated this day of , 190. . County Superintendent. NOTE. When a teacher's certificate is revoked, a notice similar to the above should also be sent to the Custodian of the School Moneys of the District in which the teacher has been engaged. XVI. Form of Certificate Condemning a School-House. This is to certify that I, the undersigned, have this day con- demned Public School-house !N\) , in the School District of and County of , as being, in its present con- dition, inadequate and unsuited to the number of pupils attend- ing or desiring to attend said school. [Here give reasons.] FOK SCHOOL OFFICEBS. 151 Dated this day of , 190. . County Superintendent. Approved this day of , 190. . , and this order shall take effect on the day of , 190. . State Superintendent Public Instruction. NOTE. The original should be filed with the Custodian of School Moneys, a copy retained by the County Superintendent and a copy filed with the State Superintendent and with the District Clerk. XVII. Notice to the Custodian of School Moneys of Apportionment of Balances. OFFICE OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT, , N. J., ,190.. f To the Custodian of School Monevs of the School District of The amount of balances of the State Appropriation due your School District, under section 178 of the School Law, is $ County Superintendent. XVIII. Notice to District Clerk of Apportionment of Balances. OFFICE OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT, ,K J., ,190.. D. C., School District of : I have this day apportioned to your District, from the balances of the State Appropriation, the sum of $ for the School Year beginning July 1st, 190. . County Superintendent. 152 BLANKS AKD FOEMS XIX. Appointment of a President or District Clerk. To : The office of President (or District Clerk) of the Board of Education of the School District of , in the County of , being vacant through failure of the Board of Education to elect according to law, you are hereby appointed to fill such vacancy until the next annual meeting for the election of members of the Board of Education in said district. Dated this day of , 190 .. County Superintendent. XX. Notice to the Custodian of School Moneys, directing him to with- hold School Moneys from a Teacher. To the Custodian of School Monevs of the School District of SIR You are hereby directed to withhold all further payment of salary to , a teacher now employed in School 2^0, . . . . , situated in your School District, said teacher not being in possession of a certificate [or not having kept the School Reg- ister^, as is required by the School Law. Dated this day of , 190. . County Superintendent. Approved this day of , 190 . . State Superintendent of Public Instruction. See note to Form XVI. XXI. Notice to the Custodian of School Moneys, directing him to with- hold School Moneys from a District. To the Custodian of School Moneys of the School District of SIR You are hereby directed to withhold \Jiere state the amount in words'] from the school moneys apportioned to your School District [here state the reason why the money is withheld]. FOE SCHOOL OFFICERS. 153 Dated this day of , 190. . County Superintendent. Approved this day of ., 190. . State Superintendent of Public Instruction. See note to Form XVI. 154 BLANKS AND FORMS FORMS FOR CITY SUPERINTENDENTS. XXII. (Form No. 33.) Application for State Aid for School Library. , K J., , 190.. To the State Superintendent of Public Instruction: SIR We, the undersigned, Superintendent and Secretary of the Board of Education of the School District of , County of , State of !N~ew Jersey, do hereby certify that there has been raised in our district the sum of dollars, for the purpose of establishing a school library in the School in said District, in accordance with the provisions of Article XXV., section 212, of the revised School Law, and we therefore request you to send to ? Custodian of School Moneys of said District, an order for the amount due from the State in accordance with the further provisions of said article. City Superintendent. Secretary Board of Education. STATE OF XEW JEESEY, COUNTY OF , Superintendent of the School District , in the County of , . , being duly sworn, on his oath saith that the within statement is true. Sworn and subscribed before me this day of , 190.. XXIII. (Form No. 39.) Teacher's Contract. It is agreed between the Board of Education of in the County of and that said Board of Education has employed and does hereby engage and employ the said FOR SCHOOL OFFICERS. 155 .... to teach in the public school, under the control of said Board of Education, for the term of year .... from the day of , 190 . . , at the salary of $ to be paid in equal monthly installments ; that the said shall begin teaching on the day of ;, 190 . . ; that the said holds a valid grade certificate to teach now in full force and effect, or will procure such certificate before the date he shall begin teaching, and that the date when said certificate will expire is the day of , 190. . It is hereby agreed that either of said parties to this contract may, at any time, 'terminate said contract and the employment aforesaid, by giving to the other party [here insert length of time] notice in writing of its election to so terminate the same. The said hereby accepts the employment aforesaid and undertakes that he will faithfully do and perform duty under the employment aforesaid, and will observe and enforce the rules prescribed for the government of the School by the Board of Education and the Superintendent, or Principal, or Supervising Principal. Dated this day of , 190. . President of the Board of Education of the School District of , County of Teacher. XXIV. (Form No. 40.) Application for State Aid for Manual Training. , BT. J., , 190.. To the State Superintendent of Public Instruction : SIR We hereby certify that for the School Year beginning July 1st, 190. ., there has been raised by in the School District of , in the County of , the sum of dollars, for the purpose of course of Manual Training pursued in the schools of said District, and that said amount has been appropriated for such purpose. 156 BLANKS AND FORMS This application is made in accordance with the provisions of Article XXIY. of the revised School Law, and we therefore request you to draw an order in favor of , Custodian of the School Moneys of said District, for the amount due from the State, in accordance with the further provisions of said article. President of the Board of Education of the School District of , County of Attest : Secretary of the Board of Education. FOE SCHOOL OFFICERS. 157 FORMS FOR DISTRICT CLERKS. XXV. (Form No. 3.) Notice for Annual Meeting for the Election of Members of the Board of Education. Xotice is hereby given to the legal voters of the School Dis- trict of , in the County of , that the annual School meeting for the election of members of the Board of Education will be held at , on Tuesday, the day of March, 190. . , at. . . .o'clock. .M. The polls will remain open one hour, and as much longer as may be necessary to enable all the legal voters present to cast their ballots. At said meeting will be submitted the question of voting a tax for the following purposes : The total amount thought necessary is $ The following propositions will also be submitted : Dated this day of March, 190. . District Clerk. NOTE. The above notice must be posted in at least seven public places in the district, one copy being posted on each school building at least ten days previous to the time of the meeting. The election must be held on the third Tuesday of March. Each item of business to be acted on must be particularly specified in the notice. See sections 84, 179 and 188. XXVI. Notice for a Special District Meeting. Xotice is hereby given to the legal voters of the School Dis- trict of , in the County of , that a special School meeting will be held at , on the day of , 190. ., at. . . .o'clock in the noon, at which meeting will be sub- mitted the following questions [here particularly specify each item of business to be acted upon]. Dated this day of , 190. . President. District Clerk. 358 BLANKS AND FORMS XXVII. Various Specifications of Business to be Transacted that may be inserted in any Notice for District Meeting, as they may be Needed. To authorize the board of education to purchase land and to erect and furnish a school-house thereon; To authorize the board of education to repair, alter, enlarge or furnish a school-house already erected; To raise money by district tax to pay the expenses of such erection, alteration or repair; To authorize the board to borrow money to defray the expenses of such erection, alteration or repair, and to provide for the pay- ment of the same by bonding the district; To see if the district will vote a sufficient district tax to defray the current expenses of the schools during the ensuing year [cur- rent expenses include principals', teachers 7 , janitors' and medical inspectors' salaries, fuel, text-books, school supplies, flags, trans- portation of pupils, tuition of pupils attending school in other districts with the consent of the board of education, school libra- ries, compensation of the district clerk, of the custodian of scnool moneys and of truant officers, truant schools, insurance and the incidental expenses of the schools] ; To order a district tax for the payment of a debt of dollars, now resting upon the school-house property ; To order the sale of the present school-house property, and to decide what disposition shall be made of the proceeds ; To authorize the board to condemn land for school purposes; To authorize the board to renew outstanding bonds ; To see if the district will reduce the number of members of the board of education; To see if the district will agree to establish a union-graded school ; To order a district tax for manual training. XXVIII. Order of Business at a District School Meeting. 1. Choose a chairman and secretary. 2. Read the notice calling the meeting. 3. Report of district clerk. FOE SCHOOL OFFICERS. 159 4. Appointment of tellers by the chairman. 5. Transaction of the business for which the meeting was called, as set forth in the notice. 6. .Miscellaneous business. 7. Adjournment. XXIX. (Form No. 12.) Order on Custodian of School Moneys for Teacher's Salaries. Xo , K J., , 190.. To , Custodian of School Moneys of the School District of County of , State of New Jersey : Pay to the order of , Teacher, dollars, being the amount of salary due for teaching in Public School Xo , of said School District of , from , 190. . to ' , 190. . $ , President. ( 'Board of Education of the , District Cleric. \ School District of I hereby certify that the Teacher in whose favor this order is drawn, is in possession of a Teacher's Certificate, in full force and effect, and has properly kept the School Register, as required by law, and that I have certified thereto in said Register. District Clerk. NOTE. Money raised by district tax can be used for such school purposes as are specified at the meeting at which the money is ordered. All other school money must be reserved for the payment of teacher's salary, fuel, bills, trans- portation of pupils and tuition of pupils in adjoining districts. Payments can be made only for the support of those schools that conform in all respects to the provisions of the School Law, and to those teachers only who possess certificates in full force and effect, covering the time for which salary is demanded, and who have kept the school register in the manner prescribed. The custodian of school moneys should invariably refuse to pay orders until he is satisfied that all these conditions have been complied with. 160 BLANKS AND XXX. (Form No. 13.) Order on the Custodian of School Moneys for District Tax Raised for Other Purposes than the Payment of Teachers' Salaries. No , N. J., , 190. . To , Custodian of School Moneys of the School Dis- trict of , County of , State of New Jersey : Pay to the order of , dollars, for [here state for ivhat purpose the money is to be paid^ , out of the funds raised by District Tax now in your hands. , President. (Board of Education School Dis- t District Clerk. (^ trict , County of XXXI. (Form No. 14.) Notice by District Clerk to County Superin- tendent of the Election of Members of Board of Education. To .............. , County Superintendent : SIR The legal voters of ........ , at the annual school meet- ing held on the ........... day of March, 190 . . , elected ...... ........ as members of the Board of Education in the place of .................. , whose terms had expired. The Board of Education now consists of Name. Address. Mr ......... , ........ , whose term expires 190. . ........ ? ........ , " " " 190. . ........ , ........ , " " " 190. . ........ " " " 190. . ........ , ........ , " " " 190.. ........ , ........ , " " " 190.. ........ , ........ , " " " 190.. ..... y ........ 9 " " " 190. . . / ? ........ \ " " " 190. . The Board has organized by the election of Mr ............ as President, and Mr ....... ..... as District Clerk. District Clerk. . This notice should be sent to the county superintendent as soon after the election as possible. It may be sent by the district clerk or the secretary. FOR SCHOOL OFFICERS. 161 XXXII. (Form No. 17.) Report of District Clerk to County Superin- tendent of the Amount of District School Tax Ordered to be Raised. To , County Superintendent of County : The legal voters of the School District of , in the County of , met at , a convenient public place within the District, on the day of , 190. ., and notice thereof, setting forth the time, place and object of said meeting, specifying dollars as the amount of money thought necessary to be raised, was given by the District Clerk, and set up at public places within the District ten days before the meeting, and the said legal voters, so met, by the con- sent of a majority of those present, authorized the Board of Edu- cation of said District , and ordered, by a like vote, dollars for the purpose of , and dollars for the purpose of , amounting in all to dollars, which sum is not in excess of the amount thought to be necessary as set forth in the notices. Dated this day of , 190. . District Cler 1 -.. STATE OF NEW JERSEY, n r SS. COUNTY OF >9 being duly sworn, on his oath saith that he is the District Clerk of the School District of , in the County of , and that the above statement is correct and true. Sworn and subscribed before me, this day of , 190.. XXXIII. (Form No. 17.) Certificate of the Amount of School Tax Voted to be Raised in a School District, to be Delivered by the District Clerk to the Township Assessor. To ., Assessor of Township, County, State of New Jersey: The legal voters of the School District of , in the County of , met at , a convenient public place within the district, on the day of , 190. ., a 11 162 BLANKS AED FOKMS notice thereof, setting forth the time, place and .object of said meeting, and specifying '. dollars as the amount of money thought necessary to be raised, was given by the District Clerk, and set up at places within the district, one copy having been posted on each school-house in the district, ten days before the meeting; and the legal voters, so met, by the consent of sa majority of those present, authorized the Board of Education of said district [to purchase lands, &c., as the case may be], and ordered by a like vote dollars for the purpose of [as purchasing land~] , and dollars for the purpose of [as building a school-house], &c., amounting in all to dollars, which sum is not in excess of the amount thought to be necessary, as set forth in the notices, and you are therefore directed to assess the said sum of dollars on the inhabitants of said School District and their estates, and the taxable property therein, pur- suant to the statute in such case made and provided. Dated this day of , 190. . District Clerk. STATE OF NEW JERSEY, , ss. COUNTY OF, , being duly sworn, on his oath saith that he is the Dis- trict Clerk of the School District of , in the County 'of ? and the above statement by him is correct and true. Sworn and subscribed before me this day of , 190.. NOTES TO XXXII. AND XXXIII. The certificate must state for what object or objects the money is raised. 3 Vr. 444. If more than one object is specified, the amount of money apportioned to each must be stated. 7 Vr. 89. A district tax ordered for the purpose of "maintaining a school" is illegal. The express purpose, as specified in section 179, for which the money is to be used must be stated and voted upon. The law requires that notice of the above action should also be sent to the county superintendent. SCHOOL OFFICEES. 163 XXXIV. (Form No. 20.) Affidavit to Bills Presented to a Board of Education. STATE OF XEW JERSEY. ' v ss. 5Y ' I COUNTY, j , of full age, being duly sworn, on his oath saith that the goods or services itemized in the annexed bill have been delivered or rendered; that no bonus nor reward has been given or received by any person or persons, within the knowledge of the deponent, in connection with the same; that the same is correct and true, and the amount therein stated is justly due and owing as set forth. Sworn and subscribed before me, this day of , 190. . ,D.C. XXXV. (Form No. 32.) Application for State Aid to Establish a School Library. , K J., , 190.. To the State Superintendent of Public Instruction: SIR We, the undersigned, President and District Clerk of the Board of Education of the School District of , County of , State of New Jersey, do hereby certify that there has been raised in School RTo , by [special tax, subscription, or entertainment, as the case may be~], the sum of dollars, for the purpose of establishing [or maintaining, as fhe case may be~\ a School Library in said School , in accordance with the provisions of Article XXV., Section 212, of the revised School Law. And we, therefore, request you to send an order for the amount due us from the State in accordance with the further provisions of said article. President. District Clerk. 164 BLANKS AND FORMS STATE OF NEW JEBSEY, COUNTY, , District Clerk of the School District of , IB the County of , being duly sworn, on his oath saith that the within statement is true. Sworn and subscribed before me, this ") : day of. , A. D. 190. . > * J -3t*. NOTE. The first appropriation is twenty dollars, and subsequent appropria- tions ten dollars each. XXXVI. (Form No. 129.) Report of Purchases Made for School Library. , 190.. To the State Superintendent of Public Instruction: I hereby report that the following purchases have been made for our School, with the amount raised in the District, and the appropriation received from the State. District Cleric. N. B. This report must be made in order that the district may be entitled to future payment. It should give the names and prices of the several articles' purchased. XXXVII. (Form No. 39.) Teacher's Contract It is agreed between the Board of Education of , in the County of and , that said Board of Education has employed and does hereby engage and employ the said to teach in the public school, under the control of said Board of Education, for the term of year from the day of , 190 . . , at the salary of $ , to be paid in equal monthly installments ; that the said shall begin teaching on the day of , 190. . ; that the said holds a valid grade certificate to teach now in full force and effect, or will procure such certifi- cate before the date. . . .he shall begin teaching, and that the date when said certificate will expire is the day of , 190.. FOE SCHOOL OFFICERS. 165 It is hereby agreed that either of said parties to this contract may, at any time, terminate said contract and the employment aforesaid, by giving to the other party [here insert length of time~\ notice in writing of its election to so terminate the same. The said hereby accepts the employment aforesaid and undertakes that. . .he will faithfully do and perform duty under the employment aforesaid, and will observe and en- force the rules prescribed by the government of the School by the Board of Education and the Superintendent, or Principal, or Supervising Principal. Dated this day of , 190. . President of the Board of Education of the School District of , County of Teacher. NOTE. One copy of the contract must be filed with the county superintend- ent, one copy with the district clerk and one copy retained by the teacher. XXXVIII. (Form No. 40.) Application for State Aid for Manual Training. To the State Superintendent of Public Instruction: SIB We hereby certify that for the School Year beginning July 1st, 190. ., there has been raised by , in the School District of , in the County of , the sum of dollars, for the purpose of course of Manual Training pursued in the Schools of the District, and that said amount has been appropriated for such purpose. This application is made in accordance with the provisions of Article XXIV. of the School Law, and we do hereby make appli- cation for a State appropriation, equal to the sum of money so raised and appropriated as aforesaid. Attest: President. District Clerk. 166 BLANKS AND EOKMS XXXIX. (Form No. 137.) Bond to be Issued for Loan. SCHOOL BOND. No Bond of School District of the of 9 County of $ County, N. 190.. J NOTICE. Notice is hereby given to the legal voters of the School District of , in the County of , that a school meeting will beheld at , on the day of , 190. ., at o'clock in the. , at which meeting will be submitted the following propositions : FOK SCHOOL OFFICEKS. 169 The amount of money thought to be necessary for the fore- going is dollars. To authorize the Board of Education to borrow the money ordered to be raised by issuing the bonds of the District Dated , 190. . , President. ) School District of ,D.C. f STATE OF NEW JERSEY. ) y 99 COUNTY OF j , being duly sworn, on his oath saith that he is the District Clerk of the School District of , in the County of , and that he posted copies of a notice, of which the foregoing is a true copy, on the day of , 190. ., in public places in said District, one copy being posted on each school-house in the District, and that the said notices were posted in all respects according to law. Sworn and subscribed before ^| . . . me, this day of , > 190.. J DISTRICT MEETINGS. The legal voters of the School District of , in the County of , met at , on the day of , 190. ., at o'clock in the , pursuant to legal notice, a copy of which notice is hereto appended. Mr was elected Chairman, and Mr Secretary of the meeting. The Secretary read the notice calling the meeting. The following resolutions were adopted : Resolved, That the Board of Education be authorized to pur- chase, as a lot on which to build a school-house, the plot of land situated as follows : The cost of said land not to exceed the sum of dollars. The vote on this resolution was by ballot Ayes, ; 170 BLANKS AND FORMS Resolved, That the Board of Education be authorized to erect and furnish a school-house on said plot of land, said school-house to be built of and to contain rooms, and to cost not more than dollars. The vote on this resolution was by ballot Ayes, ; Nays, Resolved, That for the purpose of securing the money needed to purchase said lot and to erect and furnish said school-house the sum of dollars be raised by issuing bonds of the District, in the corporate name of the District, in the denomina- tion of each. The vote on this resolution was by ballot Ayes, ; Nays, Resolved, That one bond shall be issued for. . . years, one for years, one for years, one for years.. And that each year until the last bond is paid a tax shall be levied, according to law, on the property and the inhabitants of the District sufficient to pay the bond maturing, together with the accrued interest on those then outstanding. The vote on this resolution was by ballot Ayes, ; Nays, Secretary. STATE OF NEW JERSEY ~ , 55. COUNTY OF 1 9 being duly sworn, on his oath saith that he was the Secretary of the meeting of the legal voters of the School District of , in the County of , and that the foregoing is a true copy of the proceedings and resolutions adopted at said meeting, and that all votes taken at said meeting were by ballot, and that the ballots, tally-sheets, poll-list and statement, of the result of said meeting have been filed with the County Superin- tendent, as required by law. Sworn and subscribed before | me, this day of , > 190.. J FOE SCHOOL OFFICEKS. 171 XLIII. (Form No. 62.) Application for Loan from State School Fund. To the Trustees for the Support of Public Schools for the State of New Jersey : The Board of Education of the of , in the County of , in the State of New Jersey, ask to bor- row of the Trustees' for the Support of Public Schools the sum of dollars, and offer as security for said loan the coupon bonds of said District to the amount at par of said loan. Said loan and bonds were authorized by the legal voters of the School District when met, upon due and legal notice, for that purpose, upon the day of , 190. . The principal of said loan is to be paid in installments of dollars ; the first installment to be paid on the day of , 190. . ; the second installment to be paid on the day of r 190 , with interest from date at the rate of per centum per annum, according to the terms aforesaid; principal and interest payable at the bank at , and the bonds hereby offered are of the denomination of $ .... each, and are numbered from to , both inclusive. We submit herewith a copy of the proceedings had at said meeting of said legal voters, a copy of the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Education at which the posting of the notices calling said meeting of the inhabitants was ordered, a copy of the notices calling said meeting duly verified by affidavit, and the approval of the Attorney-General as to the legality of said proceedings. Dated , K J., , 190.. President. District Cleric- 172 BLANKS AKD FORMS XLIV. (Form No. 60.) Directions for Bonding a District. 1. There must "be a regularly-called meeting of the board of education, of which meeting all the members must have had notice. At that meeting the board must decide on the amount of money thought to be necessary. If land is to be purchased, the board must decide upon the site or sites it thinks suitable. It must also decide upon the time for holding the district meet- ing, and the form of the resolutions to be inserted in the notices to be posted by the district clerk. Full minutes of the meeting must be kept. 2. The district clerk must post the notices ordered by the board at least ten days before the date of the meeting of the legal voters. The day the notices are posted must not be counted in the ten days. The notices must state the time and place of the district meeting, and all business that is to be acted upon. If land is to be purchased, the plot or plots thought to be suitable by the board must be described. Any description that will enable the legal voters to locate the plot is sufficient. The board may submit more than one site, if it thinks best, in which case all the plots must be described. The notices must also state the amount of money thought to be necessary. It is not necessary to divide the amount among the- several objects. The notices must also state that the question of authorizing the board to issue bonds will be submitted. Not less than seven notices must be posted, one of which must be posted on each school-house in the district. It is not necessary that the notices state the number of bonds to be issued, the de- nomination of the bonds, or the time of payment. These items should be left to the determination of the legal voters. 3. The district meeting must decide the amount of money to be raised, and also decide what portion of the money so ordered shall be used for the purchase of land, and what portion for building and furnishing the school-house. The aggregate amount ordered raised must not exceed the sum named in the notices. The district meeting must also decide how many bonds shall be issued, the denomination of each bond, and the time of its pay- ment. The meeting may reject all the sites offered, but cannot select a site not described in the notices calling the meeting. All FOE SCHOOL )tes in the district meeting must be by ballot. Full minutes of le meeting must be kept, 4. The chairman must appoint two tellers to receive and count the ballots. At the annual meeting in March, if a tax or the issue of bonds is to be voted on, two ballot-boxes, with separate tellers for each box, must be provided, one box to be used for ballots for tax and bonds and the other for members of the board of education. The secretary must keep a poll-list of the voters- and tally-sheet of the ballots as counted. The tally-sheet must be signed by the chairman and tellers. The poll-list, tally-sheet and ballots must be placed by the secretary in a sealed package, in- dorsed with the name of the district, the county in which it is situated and the date of the meeting. A statement of the result of the meeting must be signed by the chairman and secretary ,. and, together with said package, forwarded to the County Super- intendent within five days after said meeting shall have been held. 5. Two copies of the minutes of the meeting of the board r attested by the district clerk, two copies of the notices posted,, attested by said clerk, and two copies of the minutes of the dis- trict meeting, attested by the secretary of the meeting, must be sent to the State Superintendent, one copy to be approved by the Attorney-General, and the other to be filed in his office. When it is intended to borrow the money from the State School Fund, an application must accompany the copies of the proceedings* sent to the State Superintendent. Blank forms to be used for the copies of the proceedings to be sent to the State Superin- tendent may be obtained from the County Superintendent. In making reports, only such business as relates to the purchase of land, building and furnishing the school-house and bonding the district need be inserted in the copies of the minutes of the meetings of the board and legal voters. In the blank for the report of the proceedings of the district meeting, a resolution is inserted for the purchase of land ; when land is not ordered to be purchased, this resolution should be crossed out in making the report. 6. The approval of the Attorney-General must be secured before bonds can be legally issued, whether the money is to be borrowed from the State School Fund or from private parties. 174 BLANKS AXD FOEMS 7. When district bonds have been issued, it is the duty of the district clerk, when any bond is paid and canceled, to forward said canceled bond to the State Superintendent, to be filed as required by law. 8. Blank bonds will be furnished by the State Superintendent. XLV. Notice for a Meeting of the District Board of Education. To : You are hereby notified that there will be a meeting of the Board of Education of the School District of , on evening, , 190. ., at o'clock, in the school-house, [Date.] , District Clerk. XLVI. Notice to be given by the Secretary of a District School Meeting to the Officers-elect. To : You are hereby notified that at the annual school meeting in the School District of , in the County of , held on the day of , 190. ., you were elected a member of the Board of Education in said District. Dated this day of , 190. . Secretary of said Meeting. XLV 1 1. Form of a Lease. Know all men by these presents, that A, B., of the of , in the County of , in the State of New Jer- sey, of the first part, for the consideration herein mentioned, does hereby lease unto "The Board of Education of the of , in the County of ," in the State afore- said, party of the second part, and its assigns, the following- described parcel of land: [Here insert description of land.] FOE SCHOOL OFFICEKS. 175 Together with all the privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging: To have and to hold the same for and during the term of years from the day of , A. D. 190 . . ; and the said party of the second part, for itself and assigns, does covenant and agree to pay the said party of the first part, for said premises, the annual rent of dollars. In testimony whereof, the said parties have hereunto set their hands and seals, this day of , 190. . A. B., Lessor. , President. , District Clerk. XLVIII. Form of a Deed of a School-House Site. Know all men by these presents, that A. B. \md C. B. f his wife, if married] , in the of , in the County of , in the State of New Jersey, party of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of dollars, to them in hand paid by "The Board of Education of the of V,, in the County of ," and State aforesaid, party of the second part, the receipt whereof is hereby 'acknowledged, do hereby grant, bargain, sell and convey to the said party of the second part, and its assigns, the following-described piece of land, namely: [Here insert description of land.~] Together with all the privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging: To have and to hold the same to the said party of the second part and its assigns forever; and the said party of the first part, for themselves, their heirs, executors and adminis- trators, do covenant, bargain and agree, to and with the said party of the second part, and its assigns, that at the time of the unsealing and delivery of these presents, they are well seized of the premises above conveyed, as of a good, sure, perfect, abso- lute and indefeasible estate of inheritance in the law in fee- simple, and that the said lands and premises are free from all incumbrances whatsoever ; and that the above-bargained premises, in the quiet and peaceable possession of the said party of the second part, and its assigns, against all and every person or persons lawfully claiming or to claim, the whole or any part 176 BLANKS AND FOBMS thereof, the said party of the first part will forever warrant and defend. In witness whereof, the said A. B. and C. B., his wife, party of the first part, have hereunto set their hands and seals, this day of , A. D. 190. . Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of E. F. A. B. C. B. [SEAL.] NOTE. Such deeds should be duly acknowledged before a judge, commissioner of deeds, master in chancery or other officer authorized by law to take such, acknowledgment, and recorded in the office of the county clerk. The bond and mortgage given by the board of education to secure payment of part of purchase- money may be in the usual forms, and for the execution of deeds, mortgages and bonds each district should have a corporate seal. Notes given for borrowed money should be in the name of the district and signed by the president and district clerk. XLIX. Contract for Building a School-House. i Contract made and entered into between A. B., of the County of , State of New Jersey, and "The Board of Education of the of , in the County of ," State of New Jersey. In consideration of the sum of one dollar in hand paid, the- receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and of the further sum of dollars, to be paid as hereinafter specified, the said A. B. agrees to build a frame school-house and to furnish the materials therefor, according to the plans and specifications for the erection of said house hereto appended, at such point in said District as the said Board may designate. The said house is to be built of the best material, in a substantial, workmanlike man Tier; and is- to be completed and delivered to* said Board, free from any lien for work done or materials furnished, by the day of , 190..; and in case the said house is not finished in the time herein specified, the said A. B. shall forfeit and pay to- the said Board, for the use of said District, the sum of dollars, and shall also be liable for all damages that may result in consequence of such failure, and said Board may finish the building and charge the cost of the same to the said A. B. FOR SCHOOL OFFICERS. 177 Board hereby agrees to pay the said A. B. the sum dollars when the foundation of said house is finished, and the further sum of ....... dollars when the building is ready for the roof ; and the remaining sum of dollars when the said house is finished and delivered, as herein stipulated. It is further agreed, that this contract shall not be sub-let, transferred or assigned without the consent of both parties. Witness our hands this day of , 190. . A. B., Contractor. . , President. , District Clerk. NOTE. In building a school-house, it is all-important to secure a plan of the building, with full specifications as to its dimensions, style of architecture, number and size of the windows and doors, quality of materials to be used ; what kind of roof ; number of coats of paints ; of what material the foundation shall be constructed ; its depth below, and its height above the surface of the ground ; the number and style of chimneys and flues ; the provisions for ventila- tion ; the number of coats of plastering, and style of finish, and all other items in detail that may be deemed necessary. The plan and specifications should be attached to the contract, and the whole filed with the district clerk. Before the building is commenced, the contract and specifications should be filed in the office of the county clerk to prevent liens. All plans and specifications must be submitted to the State Board of Education for approval. L. Form of Note for Money Borrowed. ,K J., , 190.. days after date, "The Board of Education of the of , in the County of ," State of New Jersey, promises to pay to , or order, dollars, with interest from the date thereof, at the rate of per cent, per annum. This note is given for money borrowed by said Board for the purpose of , pursuant to the statute entitled "An act to establish a system of public instruction," approved March 26th, 1902, and by the consent of the inhabitants of the said district lawfully given, at a meeting lawfully held on , 190. . Attest : President. District Cleric. 12 178 BLANKS AND FOKMS LI. Duties of District Clerk. 1. To prepare and post Notices for annual district meeting, Notices for special district meeting. 2. To prepare and deliver notices for meetings of the board of education. 3. To act as secretary of the board of education. 4. To record, in a book provided for that purpose, all the pro- ceedings of board of education meetings and district meetings. 5. To keep an account of the finances of the district. 6. To pay out all moneys by issuing orders on the custodian of school moneys. Y. To make a financial report to county superintendent. 8. To make a report of the doings of the board for the year to the annual district meeting for the election of members of the board of education. 9. To prepare and -forward the annual report of the county superintendent. 10. To notify county superintendent and township assessor of the amount of district school tax ordered. 11. To notify county superintendent of the election of mem- bers of the board. 12. To buy fuel, crayons and such other articles as the board may direct. 13. To deliver to his successor all records and papers belong- ing to the district. FOR SCHOOL OFFICERS. 179 TEACHERS. LI I. (Form No. 18.) Directions Given to Candidates for Certificates Before Being Examined. 1. Write your name and the subject of the examination, dis- tinctly, at the top of each page. 2. You need not copy the questions upon the paper, but be careful to number each answer to correspond with the question. 3. If unable to answer any questions, write its proper number, and opposite the same write, "I cannot answer." 4. In answering questions in arithmetic, algebra, &c., give the work as well as the answer. 5. As soon as one exercise is finished, hand it to the examiner before beginning another. 6. After beginning a set of questions, do not leave the room without the permission of the examiner in charge until that exercise is completed. 7. Avoid all communications with other candidates, with visi- tors, or with anyone else, except the examiners, whether by talk- ing or otherwise. Exercises prepared in violation of this rule will be rejected. 8. All referring to text-books, or to written or printed abstracts, or memoranda of any kind, is forbidden. A violation of this rule will cause your entire examination to be rejected. 9. Do not tear off any portion of the sheet that may remain after you have finished a set of questions, but leave the sheet whole, as the paper will be preserved. 10. Be careful to preserve this card of directions and questions. They will both be called for at the close of the examination. 180 BLANKS A2TD FORMS RULES FOR EXAMINATIONS FOR STATE CERTIFICATES 1. Examinations for State Certificates are held at the State House, in Trenton, on the first Thursday, Friday and Saturday of June and December. 2. In any examination the diploma of a university or college, authorized to confer degrees, may be accepted in lieu of an examination in the academic subjects prescribed, provided the course of study covered by said diploma shall include said pre- scribed subjects or other equivalent, and shall not have been pur- sued through correspondence. The State Board of Examiners may, in lieu of an examination in any of the subjects, accept such credentials as it may deem conclusive evidence of scholarship and professional qualification. 3. Any certificate of any grade, issued in this State, in full force and effect, or which shall have been in full force and effect within one year next preceding the date of the examination, may be accepted in lieu of an examination in the academic subjects covered by s'aid certificate, provided said certificate shall show a general average of not less than 75 per cent. 4. The subjects shall be assigned in the following order: Thursday. Geometry, Literature, Chemistry and Botany. Friday. Drawing, Psychology, School Law, Manual Training, Principles and Practice of the Kindergarten, Music and Ancient or Modern Languages, Bookkeeping, Commercial Arithmetic. Saturday. Physical Training, Theory and Practice of Teach- ing, History of Education, Science of Education, Stenography, Business Practice. 5. No certificate shall be issued to a teacher whose percentage in any subject shall fall below 70. 6. A Third-Grade State Certificate is valid for seven years from its date, and may be renewed without re-examination. No experience in teaching is required. An applicant must be at least twenty years of age. In addition to the subjects required for a First-Grade County Certificate, he will be examined in Plane and Solid Geometry, Literature, Botany, Eree-Hand Drawing, Psychology, or in lieu of one or more of said subjects, FOR SCHOOL OFFICERS. UNIVERSITY 181 such other subject or subjects as the State Board of Examiners shall regard as the equivalent thereof. 7. A Second-Grade State Certificate is valid for ten years from its date, and may be renewed without re-examination. An expe- rience in teaching of not less than two years is required. An applicant must be at least twenty-one years of age. In addition to the subjects required for a Third-Grade State Certificate, he will be examined in Chemistry, Manual Training, Physical Training, Science of Education. 8. A First-Grade State Certificate is valid for life. An expe- rience in teaching of not less than five years is required. The examination is the same as that required for a Second-Grade State Certificate. This certificate is issued only to a teacher who presents satisfactory, evidence of success as a superintendent, supervising principal or a principal of a graded school employ- ing not less than five teachers, or in such other capacity as the State Board of Examiners shall regard as the equivalent thereof. An applicant must be at least twenty-five years of age. 9. A college graduate, whose diploma is accepted in lieu of an examination in the academic subjects, will be examined in such of the following subjects as are not covered by his diploma: Third-Grade State Certificate- Theory and Practice, School Law, Psychology, History of Education. Second-Grade State Certificate, in addition to the subjects above named Science of Education, Manual Training, Physical Training. 10. Any person desiring to take an examination in any sub- ject or subjects in lieu of those specified, must make application therefor to the State Board of Examiners at least four weeks prior to the date of the examination. 11. Special State Certificates are valid for five years, and may be renewed without re-examination. Special Certificates are granted to teach the following subjects: Kindergarten, Manual Training, Physical Training, Drawing, Music, Ancient Languages or Modern Languages and Commercial Branches. 12. An applicant for a Special Certificate must present either a diploma from a high school or a Teachers' Certificate valid in 182 BLANKS AND FORMS New Jersey, other than Special, which has been in full force and effect within one year next preceding the examination. 13. The subjects for a Special Kindergarten Certificate or a Certificate to Teach Ancient Languages or Modern Languages, are: History of Education, Psychology, Theory and Practice of Teaching, School Law and the special subject to be taught. And in addition thereto, for a Kindergarten Certificate, an examina- tion in Drawing. 14. The subjects for a Special Certificate to Teach Drawing, Manual Training, Physical Training or Music, are: Psychology, History of Education, School Law of New Jersey, and the special subject to be taught, and in addition thereto, for a Certificate to Teach Drawing, an examination in Plane Geometry. 15. The subjects for a Special Certificate to Teach Commercial Branches, are: Psychology, School Law of. New Jersey, Book- keeping, Commercial Arithmetic, Stenography, Theory and Practice of Teaching, History of Education and Business Practice. 16. A graduate of the former Elementary Course of the State Normal School may be granted a Normal Life Certificate upon passing an examination in Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Geom- etry, History of Education, Science of Education and School Law of New Jersey, or in lieu of one or more of said subjects, such other subject or subjects as the State Board of Examiners shall regard as the equivalent thereof. 17. The following text-books will indicate about the extent of the examination in the subjects named : Theory and Practice. Lectures on Teaching (Fitch), School Management (White), Courses and Methods (Prince), Lectures on Education (Jos. Payne), Psychology, Briefer course (James), Hand-Book of Psychology (Murray), Theory and Practice of Teaching (Page). Science of Education. Elements of Pedagogy (White), Philos- ophy of Education, Spencer's Edition (Tompkins), Science of Education (Rosenkranz). History of Education. (Compayre, Painter, Williams), Eflu- cational Reforms (Quick), History of Education (Seeley). Physical Training. Light Gymnastics (W. G. Anderson), Swedish System of Educational Gymnastics (Baron Nils Posse), Physiology of Bodily Exercise (Lagrange), Gymnastics in the School-Room (Hans Ballin), Progressive Gymnastics, Day's Orders (Enebriske). FOR SCHOOL OFFICEKS. 183 Manual Training. Industrial Education (Love), Manual Training (Charles Ham), The Manual Training School (Wood- ward). In all other subjects, the scope of the examination will corre- spond to the subject-matter of the ordinary text-book. 18. The subjects required for a First-Grade County Certificate are Orthography, Reading, Penmanship, Geography, Arithmetic, English Grammar, United States History, English Composition, Physiology, Bookkeeping, Drawing, Algebra, Physics, General History, Civics, Plane Geometry, Theory and Practice of Teach- ing, School Law of New Jersey, History of Education. 19. All communications should be addressed to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, who will furnish blank ap- plications for examination. 184 BLANKS AND FOEMS RULES FOR ENDORSEMENT OF STATE CERTIFICATES AND NORMAL DIPLOMAS. 1. The applicant must forward his certificate or diploma for inspection and file original testimonials as to moral character and success as a teacher. 2. A Second-Grade Certificate, valid for two years, may be granted to the holder of a normal school or teachers' college diploma or a permanent certificate to teach in another State, and valid as a State certificate therein when the requirements for such diploma or certificate shall be equivalent to those required in this State. After two years 7 successful teaching in this State such diploma or certificate may be indorsed and made a valid life license to teach in this State, 3. Blank applications for indorsement will be furnished by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. LV. (Form No. 34.) Certificate that Child has Attended School. I hereby certify that I am Principal of School No , in the of . . . , , County of , and that [name of child] is the \_son, daughter or wa/rd~\ of [name of parent or guardian], residing at [street and city] ; that to the best of my knowledge and belief, said [name of child'] is years of age ; and said [name of child] has attended school under my charge, five days a week, for weeks, during the year preceding the date of this certificate. Dated , 190. . Principal. FOE SCHOOL OFFICEKS. 185 LVI. Teacher's Report to the County Superintendent when Leaving a School before the end of the School Year. Eeport of the Teacher of Public School ISTo , in the of , in the County of , for the portion of the School Year commencing 1st, 190. ., and end- ing ,190. . [The body of the Report same as Annual Report in the Register. ] To , County Superintendent for County : Being about to leave my present school, I respectfully present the above record and statements as my report for the expired portion of the present School Year, as required by the laws of this State ; which report I hereby certify has been carefully made out from the records contained in the School Register. Teacher. NOTE. The law requires that a duplicate of the above report shall be made .to the district clerk. LVI I. Teacher's Report of the Suspension of a Pupil to the Board of Education. To , District Clerk of the Board of Education of the of , of the County of : SIR -You are hereby notified that I have this day suspended from my school , for [here state the cause for suspension^] . Dated this day of , 190. . Teacher. NOTE. The school law requires every suspension to be reported to the board of education. 186 BLANKS AND FOBMS CALENDAR FOR SCHOOL ELECTIONS AND DUTIES 1. State Board of Education. Meets .on the first Tuesday of February, April, June, October and December, annually. 2. State Board of Examiners. Meets on the first Thursday, Friday and Saturday of June and December, annually, at the State House. 3. County Boards of Examiners. Meet on the first Friday and Saturday of February, May and October, annually. 4. Boards of Education. Elected on the third Tuesday in March, annually, and should meet at least once in two months during the period that the school shall be in session. 5. District Clerics. Elected within ten days after the annual meeting for the election for members of the Board of Education, annually. 6. District Meetings for Voting District Tax.JLeld. on the third Tuesday in March, annually, or at the call of the Board of Education. 7. Report of the State Board of Education to the Governor. On the first Tuesday in December, annually. 8. Report of the State Superintendent to the State Board of Education. On the first Tuesday in December, annually. 9. Report of County Superintendent to the State Superintend- ent. On or before the first of September, annually. 10. Report of the District Clerics to County Superintendent. On or before the first of August, annually. 11. Report of Teachers to Board of Education. At the close of each quarter's teaching, or as directed by the rules of the Board. 12. Financial Statement of Township Collector to Township Committee and County Superintendent. On or before the first of August, annually. 13. Financial Statement of District Clerks to Township Com- mittee. On or before the first of August, annually. 14. Financial Statement of District Clerks to the County Super- intendent. On or before the first of August, annually. 15. Assessor Makes Returns to Collector. Within fifteen days after the first Monday in September, annually. FOR SCHOOL OFFICERS. 187 16. State School Tax. To be paid to the State Treasurer within twenty-five days after the same shall be due and payable to the County Collector. To be paid to the County Collector within fifteen days after said tax shall be due and payable. 17. School Tax. Collected and due the Board of Education by the fifth of January, annually. 18. Apportionment of the State Appropriation to the Counties. Made on or before the fifteenth day of February, annually. 19. Report of Teachers Employed. Made by the Board of Education to the County Superintendent on or before March fif- teenth, annually. 20. Apportionment of the State Appropriation and Township School Taxes to the District. Made by the County Superintend- ent on or before the first day of April, annually. 21. State Appropriation. Two hundred thousand dollars paid in November, and the State school tax in the month of January following. 22. Agricultural College. Candidates examined by the County and City Superintendents on the first Saturday in June. 23. School Holidays. First day of January, Lincoln's birthday, Washington's birthday, Memorial day, fourth day of July, Labor day, Thanksgiving day, Christmas day, any day upon which a general election shall be held for members of Assembly, and also any day set apart by proclamation of the Governor of this State or the President of the United States for the purpose of public observance. 24. Patriotic Exercises. Held on the last school day preceding Lincoln's birthday, Washington's birthday, Decoration or Memo- rial day and Thanksgiving day. 25. School Year. Commences on the first day of July and ends on the thirtieth day of June. 27. Library Year. The school library year and the teachers' library year coincides with the State fiscal year, and begins on the first day of November and ends on the thirty-first day of October. INDEX. (189) INDEX. A. Pages. Affidavits, Assistant State Superintendent may take, section 21 13 bills, verified by, sections 62 and 95 27, 42 County Superintendent may take, section 26, division 1 14 deaf, in school for, section 203 86 District Clerk may take, section 95 42 State Superintendent may take, section 21 13 Ages of children in evening schools, section 142 60 factories, section 149 62 kindergartens, section 139 59 public schools, section 110 47 pupils, compulsory, sections 147, 149 and 152 61, 62 Agricultural College, appropriations for, sections 4 and 5 114 examinations for, sections 1 and 3 112, 114 scholarships in, sections 1 to 5 112 Alcohol and narcotics, effects of to be taught, sections 237 and 238. . .104, 105 Appeals to State Board of Education, sections 3, division V., 10, 13 and 16 8, 9, 10, 11 Appointment, Assistant City Superintendent, sections 67 and 68 29 Assistant State Superintendent, section 7 9 boards of education in boroughs, towns and townships, sec- tions 26, division IV., 35 and 91, division 1 15, 19, 39 boards of education in cities, sections 42 and 80 23, 34 of education, union-graded schools, section 127 54 of school estimate, section 75 31 Business Manager, sections 53 and 72 25, 30 City Superintendents, sections 53 and 66 25, 29 County Superintendents, sections 3, division II., 12 and 23, 8, 10, 13 Custodian of school moneys, section 183 80 District Clerk, section 90 38 examiners, county, section 31. 16 district, section 32 17 State, section 30 15 secretary board of education, sections 53 and 58 25, 27 State Board of Education, section 1 7 State Superintendent, section 6 8 supervising principal, sections 92 and 93 41 teachers, sections 70, 93 and 100, and rules 1 and 3. .29, 41, 43, 125 teachers' retirement fund, section 217. . . . .- 91 truant officers, sections 150 and 151 62 trustees industrial school, sections 4 to 7 110 (191) 192 INDEX. Pages. Apportionment, balances, section 178 74 contagious diseases in cases of, section 177, division II. ... 74 evening schools, sections 142 and 177 60, 72 reserve fund, section 174 71 school moneys by County Superintendent, sections 133, 142, 177 and 178 56, 60, 72, 74 school moneys by State Superintendent, section 17 12 State school tax, sections 172 and 177 68, 72 supervising principal, section 177, division 1 72 union-graded schools, section 153 56 Appropriations, city, sections 75 to 78 31 colored industrial school, section 207 88 industrial schools, section 1 109 institutes, section 236 104 libraries, school, section 212 90 teachers', section 215 91 manual training, sections 177 and 209 72, 89 penalty for exceeding, section 31 116 State fund, sections 172 and 243 68, 106 State school fund, sections 165 and 171 66, 68 surplus revenue, section 235 104 withheld, sections 14, 41 and 120 10, 22, 50 Arbor Day, section 239 105 Assessment, executions, to satisfy, section 241 105 school tax, cities, sections 77 and 78 31, 32 townships, sections 132, division III., 179, 191 and 241 56, 75, 83, 105 State school tax, section 172 68 Assessor, apportion State school tax, section 172 68 district tax, to assess, sections 132, division III., and 179 56, 75 executions, to assess for, section 241 105 State school tax, to assess, section 172 68- Assistant City Superintendents, appointment of, section 67 29 qualifications of, section 68 29 Assistant State Superintendent, affidavits, may take, section 21 13 appointment of, section 7 9 duties of, section 7 9 expenses of, section 3, division IV 8 salary of, sections 7 and 8 9 Attendance, apportionment for, section 177, division II., and rules 58 to 61 74, 138 Attorney-General, bonds, to approve proceedings for, sections 136 and 190 57, 83 trustees of school fund, member of, section 161 66 B. Balances, apportionment of, sections 34 and 178 18, 74 custodian to pay, to successor, section 181 78 report of, section 178 74 Ballot, appropriations at district meetings voted by, sections 88 and 180. .38, 77 boards of education, members elected by, section 87 37 bonds, voted by, section 180 77 INDEX. 193 Pages. Bills, payment of, sections 02, 94 and 95 27, 41, 42 Blanks for school officers, State Superintendent to furnish, section 19 12 Boards of education (see Cities and Townships). Board of school estimate, organization of, section 75 31 powers of, sections 75 to 78 31 secretary of, section 75 31 Bond, business manager to give, section 72 . 30 custodian of school moneys to give, sections 131, 182 and 183. .55, 79, 80 Secretary Board of Education, section 58 27 Bonds, approval of proceedings by Attorney-General, section 190 83 ballot, vote to be by, sections 88 and 180 38, 77 ballots, authorizing, filed with County Superintendent, section 180. . 77 canceled, to be filed with State Superintendent, section 192 84 cities may issue, section 78 32 coupons, must have, section 188 81 interest on, section 188 81 issue, how ordered, section 188 81 new district liable for, sections 38 to 40 21 proceedings, copy to be filed with State Superintendent, section 190, 83 to be approved by Attorney-General, section 190 83 registry of, section 188 81 renewal of, section 189 82 report of, section 193 84 sale of, section 188 81 security for, section 190 83 tax for, section 191 83 union-graded schools, section 130 to 138 57 Bordentown School (see Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth). Boroughs (see Townships). Bribery, penalty for, sections 28 and 30 115, 116 Buildings, approval of plans for, sections 122 and 123 51 bids for, how and when opened, section 33 117 bonds for, cities, section 78 32 townships, sections 88, 180, and article XX. ..38, 77, 81 business manager to supervise, sections 73 and 74 30 ceilings, construction of, section 125, division VIII 52 height of, section 125, division III 52 condemnation of, section 120 50 contracts for, sections 55 and 56 26 damage to, sections 114 and 7 48, 115 doors to open outwardly, section 124 52 floor space in, section 125, division II 52. insurance on, section 91, division VI 39 janitors, appointment of, section 91, division II 39 light in, section 125, division 1 52 outhouses, section 121 50 penalty for failure to provide, section 120 50 plans, approval of, sections 122 and 123 51 State Superintendent to provide, section 122 51 staircases, construction of, section 125, divisions IV. and VII ... 52 suitable, must be provided, section 120 50 13 194 INDEX. Pages. Buildings, supervision of, section 74 30 title to, sections 38, 51 and 52 21, 25 union-graded schools, sections 132, division III., and 136 to 138, 56, 57 use of, for other purposes, section 91, division XI 41 ventilation of, sections 123 and 125, division II 51, 52 Business manager, appointment of, sections 53 and 72 '. 25, 30 bond of, section 72 30 buildings, to supervise, sections 73 and 74 30 duties of, sections 73 and 74 30 salary of, sections 53 and 72 25, 30 term of office, section 53 25 C. Certificates, commercial, rules 12, 22 and 35 126, 129, 133 boards of examiners (see City, County and State Boards of Examiners). City Superintendents to hold, section 68 29 college diploma accepted in lieu of examination, rule 11 126 contract not valid unless teacher holds, section iTJO and rule 1, 43, 125 county, requirements for, section 238, and rules 5 to 7, 9, 11, 12 and 23 to 36 105, 126, 130 County Superintendent to hold, section 23 13 district, requirements for, section 238, and rules 5 to 7, 9, 11, 12 and 37 to 41 105, 126, 134 drawing, rules 12, 22 and 35 126, 129, 133 indorsement of, rule 14 127 kindergarten, section 140, and rules 12, 22 and 35.. 59, 126, 129, 133 languages, rules 12, 22 and 35 126, 129, 133 manual training, rules 12, 22 and 35 126, 129, 133 music, rules 12, 22 and 35 126, 129, 133 normal graduates, rules 20 and 21 129 school diploma indorsed, rule 14 127 percentage required, rules 6, 7 and 33 126, 132 physical training, rules 12, 22 and 35 126, 129, 133 professional, rules 29, 34 and 36 131, 133 provisional, rule 4 125 report of, rule 10 126 revocation of, section 146, and rules 8 and 9 61, 126 rules for, section 3, division VI., and rules 1 to 41 8, 125 State, requirements for, sections 30 and 238, and rules 5 to 7, 9, and 11 to 23 15, 105, 126 suspension of, section 102 ". 45 teachers must hold, sections 107 and 140, and rule 1. . .46, 59, 125 Childrens' Guardians, State Board of 118 Cities (see, also, Buildings, Compulsory Attendance, Condemnation of Land and Union-Graded Schools). advertisement for supplies, section 55 26 appropriations, sections 75 to 78, 177 and 31 31, 72, 116 withheld, sections 14 and 41 10, 22 assistant superintendents, appointment of, sections 67 and 68 29 INDEX. 195 Pages. Cities (see, also, Buildings, Compulsory Attendance, Condemnation of Land and Union-Graded Schools). auditor, section 62 27 balances, apportionment of, section 178 74 bills, how paid, sections 03 and 64 27, 28 board of school estimate, appointment of, section 75 31 powers of, sections 76 to 78 31 secretary of, section 75 31 boards of education, age of members of, section 44 24 appointment of, sections 42 and 80 23, 34 by-laws of, section 54 26 compensation not allowed, section 47 24 contracts, not to be interested in, sections 24 and 32 44, 117 teachers, sections 100 and 101, and rule 3 43, 44, 125 incorporation of, section 48 24 oath of office, section 45 24 organization of, section 49 25 penalty for violation of law, sections 14, 16 and 46 10, 11, 24 powers of, sections 49 to 80, 100 and 101. .25, 43, 44 qualifications of, sections 44 and 45 24 removal of member of, sections 16, 46 and 146, 11, 24, 61 seal of, section 48 24 suspension of member of, section 16 11 term of office, sections 42 and 43 23 vacancy, how filled, sections 42, 43 and 46.. .23, 24 bond of business manager, section 72 30 secretary, section 58 27 bonds for school-houses, section 78 32 buildings, condemnation of, section 120 50 business manager, appointment of, sections 53 and 72 25, 30 bond of, section 72 30 duties of, sections 72 to 74 30 salary of, sections 53 and 72 25, 30 term of office of, section 53 25 certificates, section 32, and rules 37 to 41 17, 134 clerks, how appointed, sections 59, 69 and 73 27, 29, 30 colored children not to be excluded from, schools, section 119 50 condemn land, section 50 25 contagious diseases, persons exposed to, excluded from schools, sec- tion 115 48 schools closed in cases of, section 117 49 contracts, advertisement for, sections 55 and 56 26 how awarded, section 33 117 penalty for being interested in, sections 29 and 32 116, 117 teachers, sections 100 and 101, and rule 3 43, 44, 125 corporal punishment prohibited, section 106 46 corporate name, section 48 24 course of study, sections 70 and 237 29, 104 custodian of school moneys, article XIX 78 196 INDEX. Pages. Cities (see, also, Buildings, Compulsory Attendance, Condemnation of Laud and Union-Graded Schools). damage to school property, who liable for, section 7 115 flags for school-houses, section 234 104 holidays, section 104 46 institutes, teachers must attend, rule 54 137 kindergartens, may establish, section 139 59 lectures, board of education may provide Ill libraries, article XXV., and rule 62 , 90, 139 manual training, article XXIV 89 medical inspector, may appoint, section 233 103 normal school, approval of course of study, rules 40 and 41 134 outhouses, tax for, section 121 51 penalty for violation of law, section 14 10 plans for school-houses, sections 122 and 123 .' . . . 51 property, title to, sections 38, 51 and 52 21, 25 pupils, admission of, section 118 50 ages of, section 110 47 excluded from school, sections 115 and 116 48, 49 expulsion of, section 114 48 suspension of, sections 105 and 114 46, 48 transportation, section 111 47 tuition fees for, sections 61, 110 and 113 27, 47, 48 vaccination of, sections 115 and 116 48, 49 religious services in schools, section 108 46 report, sections 28, 57, 61, 65 and 177 15, 26, 27, 28, 72 school term, section 41 22 year, section 242 106 secretary, appointment of, sections 53 and 58 25, 27 bond of, section 58 27 clerks may appoint, section 59 27 contracts with teachers, to file with City Superintendent, section 100 43 duties of, sections 42, 59 to 62, 75 and 181, and rule 57. . 23, 27, 31, 78, 137 report of, sections 61 and 65 27, 28 removal of, section 16 11 salary of, sections 53 and 58 25, 27 term of office of, section 53 . 25 tuition fees, shall collect, section 61 27 sinking fund, custodian of, section 185 81 superintendent, appointment of, sections 53 and 66 25, 29 assistant may nominate, section 67 29 clerks may appoint, section 69 29 duties of, sections 67 to 71 29 qualifications of, section 68 29 removal of, section 66 29 report of, sections 28, 69 and 177 15, 29, 72 salary of, sections 53 and 66 25, 29 teachers may suspend, section 71 30 teacher's report to certify, section 103 45 term of office of, section 53 25 supplies, advertisement for, sections 55 and 33 26, 117 INDEX. 197 Pages. Cities (see Buildings, Compulsory Attendance, Condemnation of Land and Union-Graded Schools). teachers, appointment of, sections 70 and 100 29, 43 contracts, sections 100 and 104, and rule 3 43, 46, 125 excluded from school, sections 115 and 116 48, 49 removal of, sections 70 and 101 29, 44 report of, section 103 45 rules for employment of, section 100, and rule 3 43, 125 salaries of, sections 100, 101, 103, 104, 107, and article XXVIII 43, 45, 46, 98 suspension of, section 71 30 term, school, section 41 22 text-books, selection of, sections 70, 144 and 145 29, 60 title to school property, sections 51, 52 and 247 25, 107 transfer of pupils, section 112 47 transportation of pupils, section 111 47 truant officers to appoint, section 150 62 tuition fees, sections 61, 110 and 113 ! 27, 47, 48 vaccination of pupils, sections 115 and 116 48, 49 warrants, how issued, sections 63 and 64 ! 27, 28 City Boards of Examiners, members of, sections 9 and 32, and rules 37 to 41 : 9, 17, 134 rules for, section 32 17 (see, also, Certificates). City Superintendent, agricultural college, hold examinations for, section 3. . 113 appointment of, sections 53 and 66 25, 29 assistant, may nominate, section 67 29 duties of, sections 67 to 71 29 qualifications of, section 68 : 29 removal of, section 66 29 report of, sections 28 and 69 25, 29 salary of, sections 53 and 66 25, 29 teachers, may suspend, section 71 30 teachers' report to certify, section 103 45 term of office of, section 53 25 College diplomas accepted in lieu of examination, rule 11 126 Colored children not to be excluded from schools, section 119 50 Colored industrial school (see Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth). Comptroller (see State Comptroller). Compulsory attendance, ages of pupils, sections 147, 149 and 152 61, 62 parental schools, sections 156 to 160 65 penalty for failure to attend, sections 148, 153 and 154 61, 63 pupils, ages of, sections 147, 149 and 152 61, 62 truant officer, sections 150, 151, 153 to 155 62, 63 truants, definition of, section 152 62 Condemnation of school-houses, section 120 50 land, sections 50, 91, division V., and 132, division II., 25, 39, 55 Consolidation of school districts, sections 35 to 38 19 Constitution, extracts from 5 198 INDEX. Pages. Contagious diseases, persons exposed to, excluded from schools, section 115, 48 schools closed in cases of, section 117 49 Contracts, cities, sections 55 and 56 26 deaf, school for, section 202 86 teachers, sections 100, 101 and 104, and rule 3 43, 44, 46, 125 Corporal punishment prohibited, section 106 46 County boards of examiners (see, also, Certificates). appointment of, section 31 16 compensation of, section 31 16 rules for, section 31, and rule 4 16, 125 State Superintendent member of, section 9. . 9 County Collector, balances paid to, section 178 74 County Superintendent's expenses, to pay, section 25. .. 14 State school tax, payment by, section 173 70 to, sections 174 and 176 71 County Superintendent, affidavit, may take, section 26, division 1 14 agent for books, not to act as, section 146, and rule 46 61, 135 Agricultural College, hold examinations for, sec- tions 1, 2 and 3 112 appoint district clerk and president, section 90. ... 38 members boards of education, section 26, division IV 15 appointment of, sections 3, division II., 12 and 23, 8, 10, 13 apportion school moneys, sections 34, 133, 173, 177 and 178 18, 56, 70, 72, 74 balances, to apportion, section 34 18 condemn school buildings, section 120 50 course of study to prescribe, section 91, division VII., and rules 48 and 50 40, 136 consoldation of districts, sections 35 to 38 19 District Clerk, to appoint, section 90 38 examination of, rule 51 136 examiners, to appoint, section 31 16 expenses of, section 25 14 orders for school moneys, to issue, sections 26, divi- sion II., and 173 14, 70 penalty for failure to perform duties, section 13. .. 10 powers of, sections 14, 26, 31, 35, 97, 112, 120, 133, 135, 173, 176 and 232 10, 14, 16, 19, 43, 47, 50, 56, 57, 70, 71, 103 president board of education, to appoint, section 90, 38 qualifications of, section 23 removal of, sections 3, division II., and 146 8, 61 reports of, sections 27 and 103 15, 45 to, sections 28, 91, division XIII., and 96, 15, 41, 42 salary of, sections 13, 24 and 165 10, 13, 66 teachers' institutes, certificates of attendance, rule 56 137 libraries, sections 215 and 216, and rule 49 91, 136 INDEX. 199 Pages. County Superintendent, term of office of, sections 12 and 23 10, 13 transfer of pupils, sections 110 to 113 47 union-graded schools, sections 126 and 128 53, 54 vacancy, how filled, section 12 10 visit schools, rule 42 135 Course of study, adoption of, sections 70, 91, division VII., 93, and rule 48, 29, 40, 41, 136 Custodian of school moneys, appointment of, sections 131, 182 and 183. . .55, 78 balances to pay County Collector, section 173, 74 report, to County Superintendent, sec- tion 34 18 bonds of, sections 182 and 183 78 duties of, sections 14, 16, 113, 131, 181 to 187, 10, 11, 48, 55, 78 penalty for failure to report, section 187 81 reports of, sections 28 and 187 15, 81 salary of, sections 182 and 183 78 union-graded schools, section 131 55 D. Deaf, school for (see New Jersey School for the Deaf). Diplomas, college, accepted in lieu of examination, rule 11 126 normal school, section 195 84 public school graduates, rule 50 . 136 teachers, rule 50 136 District Clerk, accounts, to keep, section 96 42 affidavit, may take, section 95 42 appointment of, section 90 38 ballots, deposited with County Superintendent, section 180, 77 bonds, registry of, to keep, section 188 81 certificate of tax, to issue, section 179 75 minutes, to keep, section 96 42 notices of meeting of board of education, to issue, section 96, 42 legal voters, to post, sections 82, 84, 96 and 126 35, 36, 42, 53 orders, to issue, sections 96, 103 and 181, and rule 57 42, 45, 78, 137 penalty for failure to post notices, section 84 36 register, to certify, section 103 45 removal of, section 16 11 report of, sections 28, 91, division XIII., 96, 177 and 193. . 15, 41, 42, 72, 84 salary of, section 90 38 teacher's contract, to file with County Superintendent, sec- tion 100, and rule 2 43, 125 teachers' retirement fund, payments to, section 223, divi- sion 1 95 supplies, may purchase, section 95 42 vacancy, how filled, section 90 38 vaccination of pupils, to give permit for, section 116 49 District school tax, amount of, section 179 75 assessment of, section 179 75 200 INDEX. Pages. District school tax, ballot, vote to be by, sections 87, 88 and 180 37, 77 ballots filed with District Clerk, section 88 38 County Superintendent, section 180. .. 77 bonds for payment of, sections 138 and 191 58, 83 borrow in anticipation of, section 91, division XIV. ... 41 certificate of, section 179 75 collection of, section 179 75 current expenses, definition of, section 179 75 deficiency, how provided for, section 179 75 evening schools, section 143 60 fees for collection of, section 179 75 kindergarten, section 141 59 legal expenses, section 99 43 manual training, sections 179 and 209 75, 89 outhouses, how ordered, section 121 51 school libraries, sections 179 and 212 75, 90 tellers, appointment of, section 180 77 union-graded schools, sections 132. division III., and 138 56, 58 Districts (see School Districts). District Superintendents (see City Superintendents). E. Election, adoption of article VI., section 249 108 boards of education, cities, sections 43, 80 and 246 23, 34, 106 townships, sections 81 to 87 35 union-graded schools, section 127 54 Estimate (see Boards of School Estimate). Evening schools, apportionment for, section 177 72 expenses of, section 143 60 pupils, ages of, section 142 60 term, length of, section 142 60 Examinations, Agricultural College, sections 1, 2 and 3 112 teachers' certificates (see Certificates). Executions against school districts, section 241 105 Expenses, county boards of examiners, section 31 16 County Superintendents, section 25 14 institutes, section 236 104 State Board of Education, section 4 8 Examiners, section 30 15 Superintendent, section 3, division IV 8 Expulsion of pupils, sections 91, division VIII., and 114 40, 48 F. Factories, ages of children in, section 149 62 Parnum Preparatory School, control of, section 2 7 Flags for school-houses, sections 179 and 234 75, 104 Free lectures, advertisement of, section 3 112 boards of education may provide, section 1 Ill supplies for, section 2 1 time of holding, section 3 112 INDEX. 201 , Pages. Governor, industrial schools, appoint trustees of, sections 4 and 6. ... 110, 111 State Board of Education, appoint members of, section 1 ...... 7 Superintendent to appoint, section 6 ................... 8 trustees of school fund, members of, section 1G1 .............. 60 (Iratlod schools (see Union-Graded Schools). definition of, rule 28 .................... .............. 131 reports of, section 103 ................................ 45 salaries of teachers in, article XXVIII .................. 98 Grammar schools, definition of, rule 28 ................................ 131 H. High schools, definition of, rule 28 .................................... 131 Holidays, exercises in schools on, section 240 .......................... 105 school, section 104 ......................................... 46 Incorporated towns (see Townships). Indebtedness of school districts, sections 38 to 40, and article XX 21, 81 Industrial school for colored youth (see Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth). Industrial schools, appropriations for, section 1 109 incorporation of, section 7 Ill object of, section 2 110 report of, section 4 110 tax for, section 3 110 trustees of, sections 4 to 7 110 Institutes, appropriations for, section 236 104 County Superintendents to assist at, rule 56 137 expenses of, rule 55 137 instructors for, rule 52 136 rules for, section 3, division III., and rules 52 to 56 8, 136 schools closed during, rule 53 137 teachers required to attend, rule 54 137 Insurance, school buildings, section 91, division VI 39 Interest, bonds, rate of, section 188 ' 81 district orders, section 186 81 surplus revenue, section 235 104 J. Janitors, appointment of, section 91, division II 39 K. Kindergartens, boards of education may establish, section 139 59 certificates of teachers, section 140, and rules 12, 22, 35 and 38 59, 126, 129, 133, 134 expenses of, section 141 59 pupils, ages of, section 139 59 traohors in. section 140 59 202 INDEX. Laws, State Superintendent to have printed, section 19 12 Lectures, boards of education may provide Ill Legal voters at school meetings, section 86 37 Libraries (see School Libraries, Teachers' Libraries). M. Manual training (see also Industrial Schools). appropriations for, sections 177 and 209 72, 89 course of study in, section 209 89- report of, section 211 90 tax for, section 209 89 trustees of, section 210 89- Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth, appropriations for, section 207 88- control of, sec- tions 2 and 205 7, 88- pupils in, sec- tion 206 .. 88- treasurer of, section 208, 88 Medical inspectors, appointment of, sections 132, division III., and 233. . 56, 103 duties of, sections 115, 116 and 233 48, 49, 103 tax for expenses of, section 179 75 Model School, section 199 85 Month, school, length of, section 100 43 N. Narcotics, effects of, to be taught, section 237 104 New Jersey School for the Deaf, contract for supplies, section 202 86 control of, sections 2 and 201 7, 86 corporate name, section 200 85 expenses of, section 204 87 object of, section 200 85- pupils in, sections 200 and 203 85, 86 expenses of, section 204 87 repairs to, section 202 superintendent of, section 201 86 teachers in, section 201 treasurer of, section 204 87 Normal School (see State Normal School). Notices, District Clerk to post, sections 82, 84, 96 and 126 35, 36, 42, 5 O. Office, State Board of Education, section 1 Superintendent, section 6 Orders, County Superintendent's salary and expenses, sections 24 and 25. .13, 1 District Olerk to issue, sections 91 and 181, and rule 57 42, 78, 1 interest on, section 186 ^ INDEX. 203 Pages. Orders, reserve fund, section 174 71 State school moneys, sections 17 and 2(>, division II 12, 14 tax, sections 174 and 176 71 withheld in certain cases, section 173 70 teachers, sections 103 and 223, division 1 45, 95 transfers, section 111 47 tuition fees, section 113 48 Outhouses, tax for, section 121 51 P. Parental schools (see Compulsory Education). Patriotism to be taught, section 240 105 Penalty, board of education, meetings, failure to attend, sections 46 and 97 24, 43 violation of law, sections 14, 16 and 95. .10, 11, 42 buildings, failure to provide, section 120 50 County Superintendent, violation of law, sections 13, 146, and rule 46 10, 61, 135 custodian of school moneys, failure to report, section 187 81 damage to school property, sections 114 and 7 48, 115 District Clerk, failure to post notices, 84 36 district, violation of law, sections 14 and 41 10, 22 exceeding appropriations, section 31 116 excluding children from school, section 119 50 notices, failure to post, section 84 36 State school tax, failure to pay, section 173 70 misuse of, section 232 103 text-books, school officer or teacher interested in furnishing, sec- tions 146 and 28 to 33 61, 115 truancy, sections 148, 153 to 160 61, 63 Petition, meeting of legal voters called upon, sections 35 and 91, division X 19, 40 Plans for school-houses, approval of, sections 74, 122 and 123 30, 51 furnished by State Superintendent, section 123 .... 51 Primary schools, definition of, rule 28 131 Private schools, reports of, section 18 12 Provisional certificates, rule 4 125 Pupils (see Compulsory Attendance). admission of, section 118 50 ages of, sections 110, 142 and 147 47, 60, 62 apportionment for attendance of, rules 58 to 61 138 books for, section 144 60 colored industrial school, section 206 88 compulsory attendance of, article XV 61 contagious diseases, may be excluded from school if exposed to, sec- tion 115 48 corporal punishment prohibited, section 106 46 damage to school property, liable for, section 114 48 deaf, school for, section 203 86 diplomas for, rule 50 136 evening schools, section 142 60 expulsion of, sections 91, division VIII., nnd 114 40, 48 kindergartens, section 139 59 204 INDEX. Pages, Pupils, normal school, section 198 85 quarantined, rule 61 138 suspension of, sections 91, division V11L, 105 and 114 ,40, 46, 48 transfer of, section 112 47 transportation of, section 111 47 truancy, article XV 61 tuition fees of, sections 110 and 113 47, 48 vaccination of, sections 115 and 116 48, 49 R. Register, District Clerk to certify, section 103 45 teacher to keep, section 103, and rules 58 to 61 45, 138 Religious services in schools, section 108 46 Removal, board of education, member of, sections 16. 46. !>7. 129 and 146, 11, 24, 43, 54, 61 Business Manager, section 72 30 City Superintendent, sections 66 and 67 29 County Superintendent, sections 3, division II., and 146, and rule 46 8, 61, 135 Report, boards of education, sections 57 and 91, division XIII 26, 41 bonded debt, section 193 84 City Superintendent, sections 28 and 69 15, 29 County Superintendent, section 27 ' 15 custodian of school moneys, sections 28 and 187 15, 81 District Clerk, sections 28, 96 and 179 15, 42, 75 district tax, section 179 75 industrial schools, section 4 110 institute expenses, section 236 104 manual training, section 211 90 private schools, section 18 12 secretary board of education, sections 61 and 65 27, 28 State Board of Education, section 5 8 Superintendent, section 20 12 teachers employed, number of, section 177, and rule 2 72, 125 retirement fund, section 218 92 teachers,' sections 70 and 103, and rule 57 29, 45, 137 trustees of the school fund, section 170 68 Reserve fund, apportionment of, section 174 71 orders for, section 174 71 withheld in certain cases, section 173 70 Retirement fund (see Teachers' Retirement Fund). Rules for employment of teachers, section 100 43 prescribed by State Board of Education, section 3, divisions I., III. and VI. '. 8 School districts, balances, section 34 18 borough may be made separate, section 33 17 boundaries of, sections 33 and 244 17, 106 consolidation of, sections 35 to 38 19 corporate name of, sections 37, 48 and 89 21, 38 debts of, sections 38 to 40 21 INPKX. 205 School districts, now. how constituU'd. section- .".">, o4 and S;> 17, 18, 36 property, title to, sections 38, 51, 52, division VI., and 247, 21, 25, 39, 107 I fund, appropriations from, sections 165 and 171 66, 68 investment of. sections 163 to 169 ;; report of, sect ion 170 68 secretary of, section 1(>2 66 treasurer of, section 170 68 trustees of, section 161 66 School-houses (see Buildings). School libraries, appropriation for, section 212 90 committee to manage, section 214 90 consolidation of, section 214 90 rules for, section 213, and rules (52 and 03 90, 139 tax for, sections 179 and '2\'2 75 } 90 month, section 100 43 term, day schools, section 41 22 year, section 242 106 Secretary boards of education, appointment of, sections 53 and 58 25, 27 bond of, section 58 27 clerks, may appoint, section 59 27 duties of, sections 42, 59 to 62, 75 and 116. . 23, 27, 31, 49 removal of, section 16 11 report of, sections 61, <->5 and 193 27, 28, 84 salary of, sections 53 and 58 25, 27 term of office of, section 53 25 school fund, section 162 66 State Board. of Education, section 9 9 teachers' retirement fund, section 218 92 union-graded schools, section 131 55 Sinking fund, custodian of, section 185 81 State Board of Children's Guardians 118 State Board of Education, appeals to, sections 3, division V., 10, 13 and 16, 8, 9, 10, 11 appointment of, section 1 7 colored industrial school, control of, sections 2 and 205 7, 88 contracts, how awarded, section 33 117 not to be interested in, sections 28 and 32 115, 117 County Superintendents, to appoint, section 23. . 13 deaf, school for, control of, section 2, and article XXII 7, 85 examinations, make rules for, sections 30 to 32, 15 expenses of, section 4 8 of County Superintendents, to approve, section 25 14 State Superintendent, to approve, sec- tion 3, division IV 8 Farnum Preparatory School, control of, section 2, 7 manual training, approve courses of study, sec- tion 209 89 206 INDEX. Pages. State Board of Education, model school, may maintain, section 199 85 normal school, control of, section 2, and article XXI ..7,84 office of, section 1 7 plans for school-houses, to approve, sections 122 and 123 51 powers of, section 3 7 report of, section 5 8 reserve fund, to apportion, section 174 71 rules, to prescribe, sections 3, divisions I. and VI., and 213 7, 90 Secretary of, section 9 9 State appropriations, section 243 106 State Board of Examiners, appoint member of, section 30 15 teachers' retirement fund, appoint members of, section 217 91 term of office of, section 1 7 State Board of Examiners (see, also, certificates). appointment of, section 30 15 Principal State Normal School, member of, sec- tion 30 15 rules for, section 30, and rules 4 and 13 to 22, 15, 125, 127 State Superintendent, member of, sections 9 and 30 9, 15 State Comptroller, apportion State school tax, section 172 68 County Superintendents, to pay, section 24 13 industrial school appropriations to pay, section 1 109 institute expenses to pay, section- 230 104 library appropriations to pay, sections 212 and 215. . 90, 91 manual training appropriations to pay, section 209 89 normal school repairs to pay, section 198 85 State Board of Education expenses to pay, section 4. . . 8 Superintendent, to pay, section 3, division IV .... 8 trustees of school fund, member of, section 161 66 State Normal School, certificates to graduates, rules 20 and 21 129 control of, sections 2 and 195 7, 84 course of study in, section 195 84 diplomas to graduates, section 195 84 insurance on, section 197 85 model school may be maintained, section 199 85 object of, section 194 84 principal, appointment of, section 195 84 member of State Board of Examiners, sec- tion 31 16 pupils, number of, section 198 85 pledge of, section 198 85 repairs to, section 197 85 rules for, section 195 84 State Board of Education to have control of, sections 2 and 195 3, 84 teachers in, section 195 84 treasurer of, section 190 85 INDEX. 207 Pages. State School Fund (see School Fund). State School Tax, abstract of, given to assessors, section 172 68 amount of, section 172 68 apportionment for collection, section 172 68 of balances, section 178 74 to districts, section 177 72 reserve fund, section 174 71 balances, apportionment of, section 178 74 borrow in anticipation of, section 91, division XIV 41 money to pay, section 173 70 collection of, section 173 70 deficiency, how provided for, section 173 70 orders withheld in certain cases, section 173 70 payments to districts, sections 176 and 177 71, 72 payment to State, section 173 70 penalty for misuse of, section 232 103 reserve fund, sections 173 and 174 70, 71 supervising principal, apportionment for, section 177, di- vision 1 73 teachers, apportionment for, section 177, division 1 73 transportation, apportionment for, section 177, division I., 73 withheld in certain cases, section 14 10 State Superintendent, affidavits, may take, section 21 13 appeals from decisions of, sections 3, division V., 10, 13 and 16 8, 9, 10, 11 to, sections 10 and 11 9, 10 appointment of, section 6 8 apportion school moneys, section 17 12 arbor day, prepare circulars for, section 239 105 assistant superintendent, may appoint, section 7 .... 9 blanks for school officers, to furnish, sections 19 and 100 12, 43 clerks, may appoint, section 8 9 condemn school-houses, section 120 50 County Superintendents, to appoint, section 12 10 salary, may withhold, sec- tion 13 10 decisions, to keep copy of, section 11 10 duties of, sections 9 to 22 9 examiners, member of boards of, sections 9 and 30. .9, 15 expenses of, section 3, division IV 8 institutes, to hold, section 236, and rule 52 104, 136 new district, may establish, section 33 17 office of, section 6 8 penalty for violation of law, may remit, section 232. . 103 plans for school-houses, to furnish, section 122 51 private schools, reports of, section 18 12 report of, section 20 12 salary of, section 6 8 seal of, section 11 10 Secretary State Board of Education, section 9 9 suspend school officer, section 16 11 1 1 a chers' certificate, may suspend, section 102 45 208 INDEX. Pages. State Superintendent, teachers' retirement fund, trustee of, section 217. ... 91 salary, may withhold, section 15 11 term of office, section 6 8 Superintendents (see, also, City Superintendents, County Superintendents, State Superintendent). Supervising principal, appointment of, sections 92 and 93 41 apportionment for, section 177, division 1 73 qualifications of, section 92 41 salary of, section 92 41 union-graded schools, section 132, division V 56 Surplus revenue, appropriated to schools, section 235 184 Suspension, boards of education, member or officer of, section 16 11 pupils, sections 91, division VIII., 105 and 114 40, 46, 48 teachers, section 71 3ft T. Tax (see District School Tax, State School Tax). Teachers, agent, not to act as, section 146 61 appointment of , sections 70, 91, division II., 93 and 100. .29, 39, 41, 4 apportionment for, section 177, division 1 73 certificates, must hold, sections 100, 107 and 140 43, 46, 59 exhibited to County Superintendent, rule 1 125 revocation of, section 146 61 suspension of, section 102 45 contagious diseases, excluded from school if exposed to, section 115 48 contracts, sections 100, 101 and 104, and rules 1 and 2. .43, 44, 46, 125 corporal punishment prohibited, section 106 46 course of pedagogical reading, rule 50 136 dismissal of, section 101 44 employment of, rule 3 125 examinations (see Certificates). holidays, not required to teach on, section '104 46 institutes, must attend, rule 54 137 jury, not required to serve on, section 109 47 penalty for violation of law, section 15 11 pupils, may suspend, sections 105 and 114 46, 48 register, shall keep, section 103, and rules 57 to 61 45, 137 religious exercises in schools, section 108 46 removal of, section 70 29 retirement fund, article XXVII 91 report of, section 103 45 revocation of, certificate, section 146, and rules 8 and 9 61, 126 rules for employment of, sections 54 and 100, and rule 3 . .'26, 43, 125 salaries of, in graded schools, article XXVIII 98 sections 100, 101, 103, 104 and 107, and rule 57 43, 44, 45, 46, 137 withheld in certain cases, section 15 11 supervising principal, sections 92, 93 and 132, division V 41, 56 suspend pupils, section 105 46 suspension of, section 71 30 Teachers' institutes (see Institutes). INDEX. 209 Pages. Teachers' libraries, appropriations for, section 215 91 control of, section 216 91 course of reading, rule 50 136 rules for, section 216, and rule 50 91, 136 retirement fund, annuities, how granted, sections 220 and 221. .93, 94 amount of, section 220 93 application for membership in, section 225. ... 96 assets of, section 223 94 bequests to, section 218 92 expenses of, section 218 92 fiscal year of, section 218 92 investment of, section 218 92 members of, sections 222 and 225 to 228 94, 96 president of, section 218 92 report of, section 218 92 secretary of, sections 218 and 224, division II., 92, 96 treasurer of, section 219 93 trustees of, section 217 91 powers of, section 224 96 withdrawal from, section 222 94 Tellers at school meetings, sections 35, 87, 88, 126 and 180. .19, 37, 38, 53, 77 Term of office, County Superintendent, section 23 13 Business Manager, section 53 25 City Board of Education, sections 42 and 43 23 Superintendents, section 53 25 State Board of Education, section 1 7 Superintendent, section 6 8 township board of education, sections 81, 82 and 83 35, 36 school, length of, section 41 22 Text-books, boards of education to provide, section 144 60 penalty for school officer or teacher to be interested in furnish- ing, sections 146, 29 and 32. .. 61, 116, 117 purchase of, sections 91, divisions VII. and IX., and 93 40, 41 rules for, section 145 60 selection of, sections 70, 91, division VII., and 93 29, 40, 41 Townships (see also Buildings, Compulsory Attendance, District Tax and Union-Graded Schools). accounts, section 96 42 affidavits to bills, section 95 42 annual meeting, sections 84 and 96 36, 42 appropriations, penalty for exceeding, section 31 116 article VI. may adopt, section 249 108 balances, apportionment of, section 178 74 ballot, elections to be by, sections 87, 88 and 180 37, 38, 77 ballot-boxes to be provided, section 88 38 bills, payment of, sections 94 and 95 41, 42 board of education, accounts of, section 96 42 affidavit to bills required, section 95 42 age of members of, section 85 36 appointment of, sections 26, division IV., and 91, division I. 15, 39 14 210 INDEX. Pages. Townships (see also Buildings, Compulsory Attendance, District Tax and Union-Graded Schools), board of education, borrow money, section 91, divisions IV. and XIV 39, 41 bribery, penalty for, sections 28 and 30. .116, 117 condemn land, section 91, division V 39 consolidated districts, sections 35 and 38. .. 19 contagious diseases, may close schools in cases of. section 117 49 contracts, not to be interested in, sections 85, 29 and 32 36, 116, 117 corporate name, section 89 38 counsel, may employ, section 99 43 county meetings of, section 98 43 course of study, may adopt, sections 91, divi- sion VII., and 93, and rule 48. . .40, 41, 136 custodian, may appoint in certain cases, sec- tion 183 80 debts of, sections 38 to 40 21 election of, sections 36, 81 to 87 20, 35 incorporation of, section 89 38 janitors, may appoint, section 91, division II., 39 medical inspectors, section 233 103 meetings of, sections 94 and 98 41, 43 minutes of, section 96 42 notices of meetings of, section 96 42 number of members of, sections 81 and 82. . 35 oath of office of, section 90 * 38 organization of, section 90 38 penalty for failure to attend meetings, sec- tion 97 43 penalty for violation of law, sections 14 and 95 10, 42 petition to call meeting of legal voters in, section 91, division X 40 powers of, section 91 39 president of, section 90 38 pupils, may suspend or expel, sections 91, division VIII., and 114 40, 48 qualifications of, section 85 36 removal of member of, sections 16, 97 and 146 11, 43, 61 report of, sections 91, division XIII., and 177 41, 72 seal of, section 91, division XII 41 supervising principal, may appoint, sections 92 and 93 41 supplies, how provided, section 95 42 suspension of member of, section 16 11 teachers, appointment of, sections 93 and 100 41, 43 contracts with, sections 100, 101 and 104, and rules 1 and 2. . 43, 44, 46, 125 v INDEX. 211 Pages. Townships (see also Buildings, Compulsory Attendance, District Tax and Union-Graded Schools). board of education, teachers, dismissal of, section 101 44 salaries of, sections 100, 101, 103, 104 and 107 43, 44, 45, 46 term of office of, sections 36, 81 and 82 . . 20, 35 text-books, to purchase, sections 91, divi- sions VII. and IX., 93, 144 and 145, 40, 41, 60 transportation, may provide, section 111 ... 47 truant officers, may appoint, section 150. . . 62 vacancy, how filled, sections 81, 91, divi- sion I., and 97 35, 39, 43 bonds, section 88 and article XX 38, 81 colored children not excluded from schools, section 119 50 condemn land for school purposes, section 91, division V 39 consolidation of districts, sections 35 to 38 19 contagious diseases, schools closed in cases of, section 119 49 pupils excluded from school if exposed to, section 115 48 contracts, how made, sections 94, 95 and 33 41, 42, 117 corporal punishment prohibited, section 106 46 corporate name of district, section 89 38 course of study, adoption of, sections 91, division VII., 93, and rule 48 40, 41, 136 custodian of school moneys, article XIX 78 debt, consolidated district, sections 38 to 40 21 district clerk, appointment of, section 90 38 tax, sections 179 and 180 75, 77 evening schools, sections 142 and 143 60 expulsion of pupils, sections 91, division VIII., and 114 40, 48 flags for school-houses, section 234 104 holidays, section 104 46 insurance of school property, section 91, division VI 39 janitors, appointment of, section 91, division II 39 kindergartens, sections 139 to 141 59 legal voters at school meetings, sections 86 and 87 37 libraries, article XXV., and rule 63 90, 139 manual training, article XXIV 89 medical inspectors, sections 179 and 233 75, 103 notices for meetings of legal voters, section 96 42 outhouses, tax for, section 121 51 petition for meeting of legal voters, section 91, division X 40 . plans for school-houses, sections 122 and 123 51 property, title to, sections 38 and 247 21, 107 pupils, admission of, section 118 50 expulsion or suspension of, sections 91, division VIII., 105 and 114 40, 46, 48 tuition fees for, sections 110 and 113 47, 48 religious services in schools, section 108 46 report of, section 91, division XIII 41 school-house, use of, for other purposes, section 91, division XI., 41 seal of, section 91, division XII 41 212 INDEX. Pages. Townships (see also Buildings, Compulsory Attendance, District Tax and Union-Graded Schools). sinking fund, custodian of, section 185 81 special meetings of legal voters, section 91, division X 40 supervising principal, sections 92 and 132, division V 41, 56 supplies, how provided, section 95 42 suspension of pupils, sections 91, division VIII., and 114 40, 48 teachers, appointment of, sections 91, division II., 93 and 100. . 39, 41, 43 contracts with, sections 100, 101 and 104, and rules 1 and 2 43, 44, 125 rules for employment of, section 100, and rule 3. . .43, 125 salaries of, sections 100, 101, 103, 104 and 107 43, 44, 45, 46 text-books, sections 95, divisions VII. and IX., 93 and 144. .40, 41, 60 transfer of pupils, section 112 47 transportation of pupils, section 111 47 truant officers, section 150 62 tuition fees, sections 110 and 113 47, 48 union-graded schools, article XI 53 vaccination of pupils, sections 115 and 116 48, 49 Transfer of pupils, orders for, section 112 47 Transportation of pupils, sections 111 and 177, division 1 47, 73 Treasurer Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth, sec- tion 208 88 New Jersey School for the Deaf, section 204 87 Normal School, section 196 85 Teachers' Retirement Fund, section 219 93 Truant officers (see Compulsory Attendance). Tuition fees, sections 61, 110 and 113 27, 47, 48 U. Ungraded school, definition of, rule 28 131 Union-graded schools, apportionment to, section 133 56 board of education, appointment of, sections 127, 128 and 129 54 corporate body, section 130 54 removal of member of, section 129 54 powers of, sections 132 and 134, 55, 57 term of office of, section 128 .... 54 vacancy, how filled, section 129. 54 bonds for, sections 136 to 138 57 borrow money for, section 132, division 1 55 buildings for, section 132, division III 56 condemn land, section 139, division II 55 custodian of moneys of, appointment, section 131 . . .' 55 bond of, section 131 55 salary of, section 131 55 election for, sections 88 and 126 38, 53 seal of, section 132, division IV 56 INDEX. 213 Union-graded schools, secretary of, section 139 55 supervising principal of, section 132, division V 56 supervision of, section 135 57 tax for, section 132, division III 56 teachers in, section 132, division III 56 V. Vacancy, boards of education, sections 42, 43, 46, 81, 91, division I., 97 and 129 23, 24, 35, 39, 43, 54 County Superintendent, section 12 10 District Clerk, section 90 38 State Board of Education, section 1 7 Vaccination of pupils, sections 115 and 116 48, 49 W. Women, board of education, may be member of, section 85 36 vote at school meetings, except for members of board of education, section 86 37 Y. Year, school, definition of, section 242 106 214 INDEX. BLANKS AND FORMS. Forms for County Superintendents. appointment of a President or District Clerk, XIX 152 apportionment of balances, notice to Custodian, XVII 151 District Clerk, XVIII 151 balances, notices of, XVII. and XVIII 151 order for, XI 149 certificate condemning school-house, XVI 150 directions for examination for, LII 179 revoking teacher's, XIV. and XV 150 transfer of pupils, 1 144 condemnation of school-house, certificate for, XVI 150 District Clerk, notice that the teacher has filed report, XIII . . . 149 examinations, directions for, LII 179 notices of, IV 145 examiner's salary, orders for, XII 149 expenses, statement of, V 146 institute, certificate of attendance at, III 145 notice of , II 144 notice of balances, XVII. and XVIII 151 examination, IV 145 meeting for examination of teachers, IV 145 institute, II 144 to District Clerk that teacher has filed report, XIII 149 orders, balances, XI 149 examiner's salary, XII 149 reserve fund, IX 148 State appropriation, VII 147 school fund appropriation, VI 147 school tax, VIII 148 surplus revenue, X 148 transfer of pupils, 1 144 to withhold school moneys from district, XXI 152 teacher's salary, XX 152 reserve fund, order for, IX 148 State appropriation, order for, VII 147 school fund appropriation, order for, VI 147 tax, order for, VIII 148 surplus revenue, order for, X '. 148 teacher's certificate, orders revoking, XIV. and XV 150 transfer of pupils, certificate for, 1 144 withhold salary from teacher, order for, XX 152 school money from district, order for, XXI 152 INDEX. 215 Pages. Forms for City Superintendents. application for State aid for manual training, XXIV 155 contract, teacher's, XXIII 154 library application, XXII 154 report of purchases , 164 Forms for District Clerks. affidavit to bill, form of XXXIV 163 annual district meeting, notice for, XXV 157 application for loan from State school fund, XLIII 171 State aid for library, XXXV 163 manual training, XXXVIII 165 Board of Education, notice of election as memebr of, XLVI. . . . 174 meeting of, XLV: 174 report of election of, XXXI 160 bonds, certificate to Assessor for tax for, XL 167 County Superintendent, of tax for, XLI . . 167 directions for proceedings, XLIV 172 for school loan, XXXIX 166 report of proceedings for, XLII 168 certificates of tax for bonds, XL. and XLI 167 current expenses, XXXII. and XXXIIL, 161 contract for building, XLIX 176 with teacher, XXXVII 164 deed for school property, XLVIII 175 directions for bonding, XLIV 172 duties of, LI 178 lease, XLVII 174 library, application for State aid, XXXV 163 report of purchases, XXXVI 164 loan, bonds for, XXXIX 166 from State school fund, application, XLIII 171 note for, L 177 proceedings authorizing, XLII 168 manual training, application for State aid, XXXVIII 165 meeting, items that may be inserted in notice for district, XXVII 158 notice for annual district, XXV 157 Board of Education, XLV 174 special district, XXVI 157 note, L 177 notice, annual district meeting, XXV 157 for special district meeting, XXVI 157 items that may be inserted in district meeting, XXVII., 158 meeting of Board of Education, XLV 174 members of Board of Education of election, XLVI 174 order of business at district meeting, XXVIII 158 miscellaneous purposes, XXX 160 teacher's salary, XXIX 159 report of election of Board of Education, XXXI 160 library purchases, XXXVI 164 proceedings authorizing bonds, XLII 168 special district meeting, notice for, XXVI . 157 216 INDEX. Pages. Forms for District Clerks. tax for bonds, notice to Assessor, XL 167 County Superintendent, XLI 167 current expenses, notice to Assessor, XXXIII .... 161 County Superintendent, XXXII 161 teacher, contract with, XXXVII 164 Form for Teachers. certificate of attendance of pupil, LV 184 contract, XXXVII 164 examinations, county, directions for, LII 179 State, rules for 180 Normal diplomas, rules for indorsement 184 report of suspension of pupil, LVII 185 to County Superintendent, LVI 185 Form for District Meetings. minutes authorizing bonds, XLII 168 notice to members of Board of Education elected at, XLVI. . . . 174 order of business, XXVIII 158 Miscellaneous Forms and Directions. calendar for school election and duties 186 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Due two weeks after date. FEB 8.1813 I U UOO /o ?