Ninetieth Yeir. Tros Tyrlusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur. V Ol. 1 i .1 t IN O. . 
 
 THE 
 
 NOKTH AMERICAN 
 REVIEW 
 
 EDITED B7 GEORGE HARVEY. 
 
 August, 1904. 
 
 The Baltic Fleet and the Northeast Passage, 
 
 Rear-Admiral G. W. MELVILLE, U. S. N. 
 
 Automobile Legislation, The Hon. JOHN SCOTT-MONTAGU, M. P. 
 The Present Crisis in Trades-Union Morals. . JANE ADDAMS 
 Obstacles to Reform in Turkey .... CHARLES MORAWITZ 
 
 The Principle of Probation CHARLTON T. LEWIS 
 
 More Truth about Women in Industry, ELIZABETH CARPENTER 
 The Restriction of Immigration . . . ROBERT De C. WARD 
 
 British Shipping and the State BENJAMIN TAYLOR 
 
 The Dark Rosaleen HENRY W. NEVINSON 
 
 Folly of Chinese Exclusion H. H. BANCROFT 
 
 A Glance at World Politics SYDNEY BROOKS 
 
 Can Congress Constitutionally Give Filipinos Independence? 
 
 I. It Can H. A. 
 
 II. It Cannot , J. H. C. 
 
 THE SON OF ROYAL LANGBRITH. VIII. 
 
 A Novel by 
 
 W. D. HOWELLS 
 
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Dr. Lapponi 
 
 Physician to the Late Pope Leo XIII., and Now Physici&n 
 in Ordinary to Pope Pius X., Finds 
 
 BUFFALO UTHIA WATER 
 
 Of "Marvelous Efficacy in Gout. Rheumatism, Castro-intestinal Dyspepsia, 
 Gravel, and in all the Various Forms oi Uric Acid Diathesis." 
 
 Following l Exact Translation of Dr. Lapponi's Testimonial as Written by Himself: 
 
 ROMS, August 24, 1903. In the Hospital of San Giovanni Calibrita (del Patebene Fratelli) in Rome, 
 directed by myself, I have largely experimented with the nat- Dl|xill A I ITUIM tlfftTTD 
 ural mineral water placed in commerce under the came of DUcfAliU UlfUA IfftlUL 
 
 and am glad to be able to attest that, by its richness of composition of lithia, it is of marvelous efficacy 
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 tional Disorders, of Gastrointestinal Dyspepsia, of Gravel and Renal Insufficiency, of light Nephritic 
 Affections and of all the various forms of Unc Acid Diathesis. 
 
 The same water is also to be recommended highly in the initial processes of Arterio-sclerosis and in 
 obstinate forms of Bronchial Asthma. May also be used as a good table water. So much I declare for 
 the truth. (Signed) PROP. GIDSEPPR LAPPONI. 
 
 Principal Physician of the Hospital of San Giovanni Calibrita (del Fatebene Fratelli) in Rome, 
 
 Member of the Academy of Medicine of Rome, etc,, etc. 
 
 ttHVEtfll A I ETUI A HfsVH II * s ' or iale ^ y Grocers and Druggists, generally. Testimonials 
 HVX F/tLU Ll 1 nlA ItJU IK which defy all imputation or question sent to any address, 
 
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 Entered at the Post - Office at New York, and admitted for transmission through the mails, as second class matter. 
 
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 In Search 
 of the Unknown 
 
 By ROBERT W. CHAMBERS 
 
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THE FOLLY OF CHINESE EXCLUSION. 
 
 BY HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT, AUTHOR OF "THE HISTORY OP 
 WESTERN NORTH AMERICA/' ETC. 
 
 PRIOR to the discovery of gold in California, there were but 
 few Chinese in America. Then the influence which penetrated 
 every industry and every quarter of the globe aroused to activity 
 the dormant energies even of the almond-eyed Celestial; and, 
 among the five hundred vessels which lay anchored in San Fran 
 cisco Bay during the winter of 1849, were seen a few junks of 
 the Asiatic type, abandoned, like the more pretentious craft, by 
 all save perhaps a solitary keeper. All the late occupants of this 
 promiscuous shipping formed part of the inrushing fifty thousand, 
 of every clime and color, that flitted restlessly about the Sierra 
 foothills in search of large and immediate wealth. A hundred 
 evanescent towns sprang up amidst hundreds of mining-camps, 
 most of them dying before fairly drawing the breath of life. On 
 the outskirts of these towns, or at a little distance from the min 
 ing-camps, with now and then a retired camp exclusively their 
 own, were seen nests of Chinese in brush huts, the first of that 
 hypothetical horde which, we were assured, was soon to over 
 whelm Christendom. 
 
 As every one knows, there was at this time no lawful govern 
 ment in California, Congress being engaged over the question 
 of its admission as a slave State or a free State. It was a new and 
 open wilderness, with none at hand to deny the right to any to 
 enter and gather at pleasure. At first, no thought was given to 
 this or any other right. But, presently, the American mind be 
 gan to consider : " Is this gold, for which we fought in Mexico, to 
 go without price or restriction to others the same as to our 
 selves?" To Englishmen, Frenchmen, and Germans, bluster was 
 all that the American miners deemed it prudent at that time to 
 
264 THE WORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. 
 
 offer; but Mexicans, or "greasers" as they were called, Italians 
 or " Dagoes/' Kanakas, negroes, and above all the mild-mannered 
 man from China, the rightful owners of the soil did not hesitate 
 to face with guns, and sometimes to kill. For, as naturally as 
 water seeks a level, so men unrestrained by force of law seek 
 some object weaker than themselves on which to vent their preju 
 dices and passions. The Japanese, not having yet emerged from 
 their chrysalis state, were not present in any considerable 
 numbers; but Indians and Chinese afforded their masters easy 
 and interesting exercise. It required evidence almost as palpable 
 as finding the horns and hoofs of a " cow critter " within a mile of 
 them to justify the extermination of an Indian rancheria; where 
 as the occupation of good diggings by Chinese was reason enough 
 for driving them away with blows, or even with slaughter if they 
 offered resistance. 
 
 The persecution of the Chinese has continued from that day to 
 this, their good qualities as patient laborers with economy, 
 temperance, thrift, and inoffensiveness being their chief and 
 only crimes. Unable to hold rich claims beside their covetous 
 masters, they betook themselves to gleaning from abandoned dig 
 gings, content with four dollars a day at first, and finally with one 
 dollar, while other miners must have four times as much. The 
 State passed laws for their expulsion, as soon as there was a State ; 
 and, when informed that the matter was one for the general Gov 
 ernment alone to handle, the Sacramento Legislature imposed a 
 foreign miner's tax of sixteen dollars a month at first, with a 
 view to prohibiting the rewashing of tailings. As a rule, this 
 tax was enforced only against the Chinese, white miners refusing 
 to pay it. 
 
 With the exaltation of labor in the towns and cities, the cry 
 became loud and vehement: " The Chinese must go!" It became 
 the watchword of the press, and the plank in every po 
 litical platform, for the Chinaman had no vote and he never 
 read newspapers. It was not a question of principle, but of place. 
 The facts of the case, the right or justice or fairness of it, had 
 nothing to do with it. Any newspaper favoring the Chinese 
 might close its doors; any politician even treating the subject 
 fairly must step down and out. For so the other working-men de 
 creed, American, Irish and Dagoes, French, Dutch and negroes, 
 all who had a vote to sell. Anything black or white was proper 
 
THE FOLLY OF CHINESE EXCLUSION. 265 
 
 material for American citizenship; yellow was the only off-color. 
 But even the yellow race, with sage discrimination, is now divided, 
 the Japanese being admitted, while the best working foreign 
 element in the world, the least harmful to American politics and 
 people, the much needed Chinese, are excluded. 
 
 From first to last, this has been the chief and only cause and 
 front of their offending. They had no vote; they did not care 
 to become American citizens; they wished only to work, earn a 
 little money, go back home to China to enjoy it, and finally to 
 die there. Charges were heaped up against them which seemed 
 to satisfy Dennis Kearney and his sand-lotters, but were mere 
 talk and twaddle to the unprejudiced, even the press and poli 
 ticians, who used Asiatic and American alike for their own pur 
 poses, knowing them to be untrue, or at least irrelevant. " They 
 will not amalgamate; they care not for our institutions; they 
 take work from the white man; they do not spend their money 
 here, but take it back to China." 
 
 A fair interpretation of which turns every charge into a mark 
 of merit. They do not come here to meddle with what does not 
 concern them, to interfere with and further degrade our politics 
 by breeding corruption or holding office; they do not care for our 
 learning, morals, or religion, having those which suit them bet 
 ter; if they take work from the white man, it is for the most part 
 work which the white man does not want and will not do, ditch- 
 making and drudgery. True, the Chinaman would be here in a 
 thousand factories if we would let him, and so to a great extent 
 we do without these fundamental industries of progress, prefer 
 ring to let the Chinese and Japanese turn our cotton into cloth 
 in their own countries after they have learned from us how to do 
 it. Is this wise? Is it in the line of progress? Half of his 
 earnings the Chinaman spends here ; if he takes the other half of 
 his well-earned dollar-a-day home to his wife and children, he 
 leaves more than its value in substantial improvements. Do the 
 others as much who carry off to Europe and squander there 
 every year wealth for which they never labored, and which repre 
 sents no accomplished work more of it than all the laborers of 
 Asia would carry away in return for their labor in a century? 
 
 One may go about for a whole decade without seeing a drunken 
 or disorderly Chinaman. The Chinaman is seldom found in 
 schools or hospitals supported at public expense. I can hardly 
 
266 THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. 
 
 imagine how one of them would look begging or soliciting, or 
 insulting a woman on the street, or posing as a policeman, or 
 running for Congress. The argument of the exclusionists, now 
 becoming somewhat stale as its absurdity appears more and more 
 apparent, that the Chinese will not become one of us, marry our 
 daughters, manipulate our primaries, run for office and rule the 
 country, is onty an enumeration of reasons why they should be 
 admitted to do the lower class of work which white men do not 
 care to do. 
 
 True, some of the Celestials smoke opium, but so do white 
 people in London ; and this the Chinaman would not now be doing 
 had not England forced her East-Indian product upon them, at 
 the cannon's mouth, when they did not want it. Besides, white 
 men everywhere drink whiskey, or its equivalent, and with ten 
 times the evil effects which result from opium-smoking. Stoned 
 and insulted on the streets of Christian cities of the American 
 Republic, the Chinese pack themselves away in quarters of their 
 own, which reek too often of vice and crime, but which are con 
 fined entirely to themselves. Have the cities of Christendom evjjf 
 been free from such places, inhabited by other nationalities ? 
 
 The truth is, these knights of the sand-lots do not, and never 
 did, care to do the work for which we need the Chinaman. Organ 
 ized labor does not even like country life and farm work. At 
 one time, the California fruit-raisers' chief dependence was upon 
 the Chinese, whose quick perceptions and deft fingers were 
 superior in everything but the handling of horses. In picking 
 and packing, in wineries, in canneries, as cooks and house serv 
 ants, they were the best the country has ever had, better than the 
 country can elsewhere obtain. When they were forbidden to 
 come, the Japanese flocked in to take their place, but they do not 
 fill it as well as it was filled before. 
 
 The Chinese were an important factor in the construction of 
 the Panama Railway, and of the first overland railroad, without 
 which assistance there would have been long and vexatious de 
 lays. They are the best force obtainable to-day for the vast 
 irrigating dam-work and ditch-work in progress and in contem 
 plation. In the reclamation of the Colorado and other deserts, 
 their equals cannot be found. Next to the Jamaica negroes, and 
 the natives of the Isthmus, who are better acclimated, they are the 
 best and most available material for work on the Panama Canal. 
 
TEE FOLLY OF CHINESE EXCLUSION. 267 
 
 Is it not absurd, therefore, that this most available, most useful 
 and efficient, and least harmful, of all labor elements, should be 
 excluded from a country whose progress and prosperity depend 
 upon the faithful execution of this class of work, and all in order 
 that politicians may make capital for themselves by crying out 
 against it ? All the Asiatic laborers who ever came to this coun 
 try, or who are likely to come, are incapable of doing as great 
 injury as a single politician, who, to secure his election to office, 
 goes about systematically to stir up the worst passions of the 
 working people, and arouse them to the commission of unlawful 
 acts by incendiary declamations and the printed recitals of 
 imaginary evils. 
 
 Some have suggested danger to the Republic in thus leaving 
 open the portal for the unrestricted inpouring of Asiatic hordes 
 to kill and drive us into the eastern ocean. Yet, they must know 
 that the laboring man in China dares scarcely go from one 
 province into another unprotected. The 'price of passage to Cali 
 fornia is to them equivalent to a fortune, and the journey like the 
 journey into another world. In times past, he who adventured 
 alone had often to sell or pledge his wife for the necessary means, 
 while contractors for coolie labor would not bring men over at 
 less than some fixed price. As for the rest, the law of supply 
 and demand regulates it. It is a matter of record that, when 
 wages in California fell below fifteen dollars a month, Chinese 
 immigration not only ceased but the tide turned the other way. 
 Chinamen will not leave home and face the cost and dangers of 
 the ocean voyage unless they can have work at remunerative rates ; 
 and work is all that they desire. 
 
 Why should the Chinese want America ? What would they do 
 with it? They are passionately attached to their homes, if not 
 to their country, preferring almost the loss of life to the loss of 
 queue, which forbids their return ; while to deposit their bones for 
 their eternal rest in a foreign soil, is to consign their souls to 
 perdition. Instinct and tradition, running back for many cen 
 turies, have so intensified their exclusiveness, their dislike of 
 change and hatred of strangers, as to make it little likely that 
 they will ever wish to move to this country. Yet they are not 
 patriotic. They do not know or care, half of them, by whom they 
 are ruled, or how. They do not know or care why Japan wants 
 Korea and Russia wants the earth; their ambition is limited to 
 
268 THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. 
 
 the desire simply to go somewhere, to the Philippines, Australia, 
 or America, and work and earn a little more than the pittance 
 which they get in China. All this is set down against them in 
 arguments for their exclusion, whereas it stands among the best 
 of reasons for their admission, as they have no disposition to 
 engage in politics, mob-law, strikes, and that vicious unrest which 
 is bringing our country to the verge of ruin. 
 
 HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT. 
 
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 Success Among Nations By EMIL REICH, LL.D. 
 
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 Greater America By A R CHIBAL & R. COLQUHOUN, F.R.Q.S. 
 
 Author of " China in Transformation," 
 
 In this illuminating volume Mr. Colquhoun, the English scholar and traveller, has given 
 a thorough account of America's territorial expansion its beginning, growth, and progress. 
 The author deals with the subject from an external, not 'an internal, standpoint. He 
 shows the extension of American territory and its authority as a world power, and the 
 effect of that expansion and authority upon the world at la'rge. His account covers the 
 Philippines, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, etc., and the effect upon them of American control. 
 Maps and Diagrams. 8-vo, Cloth, $2.50 net 
 
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