UC-NRLF 
 
 *C Ifl 1D5 
 
 J U BILE! 
 
 MANC UK 
 
 mgr^vTtiWtKs/iaiiSBr^.'t. , 
 
LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 University of California. 
 
 GIFT OF>- 
 
J^ecord of the 
 
 Jubilee Celebrations 
 
Record 
 
 of the 
 
 Jubilee Celebrations 
 
 at 
 
 Owens College 
 
 Manchester 
 
 ISSUED 
 AT THE REQUEST OF THE COUNCIL 
 
 BY THK 
 
 COMMITTEE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 OWENS COLLEGE UNION MAGAZINE 
 
 MANCHESTER 
 
 SHERRATT & HUGHES 
 
 1902 
 

PREFACE. 
 
 This little book owes its origin to the desire that has been 
 expressed in many quarters to obtain a 'permanent record of 
 the Jubilee Festivities of Owens College. Accordingly the 
 Council of the College requested the Committee of tJie " Owens 
 College Union Magazine " to help them to put together an 
 account of the proceedings on that occasion. The Committee 
 readily fell in with this wish ; and the present volume, which 
 appears as a special number of the Magazine, is the result. 
 A hearty word of acknowledgment must be given to the 
 Proprietors of the " Manchester Guardian " who have kindly 
 allowed the full use of their reports of the proceedings of 
 March last. The Historical Sketch of the College is the work 
 of Miss Josephine Laidler, B.A., who has also arranged and 
 edited the greater part of the material, and Mr. A. R. Skemp 
 has taken a large share in seeing the work through the press. 
 To both of them the thanks of the Council are due. 
 
 It may be mentioned that, owing to the exigencies of space, 
 the addresses which have been printed are those of Universities 
 only, and that they have been arranged under countries in 
 alphabetical order, the order of the Universities in each country 
 being that of seniority of foundation. 
 
 October 10th, 1902. 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Plates : 
 
 1. John Owens Frontispiece 
 
 2. Old College Buildings, Quay Street to face page 16 
 
 3. Front View op the College and Whitworth Hall „ „ 32 
 
 4. The Quadrangle 
 
 5. The Medical School 
 
 6. The Christie Library 
 
 7. The Physics Laboratory 
 
 Historical Sketch 
 
 The Foundation 
 
 The Beginning in Quay Street 
 The First Twenty Years ... 
 Three Years op Change : The 
 
 New Buildings 
 
 The Medical School 
 
 The Museum 
 
 The Beginning in Oxford Street 
 The Last Twenty Years ... 
 Scientific Development 
 The Victoria University ... 
 The Department for Women 
 
 Grants 
 
 Day Training Department ... 
 Change in Principalship ... 
 
 Library 
 
 Schorlemmer Laboratory ... 
 The Physical Laboratories 
 
 Halls of Residence 
 
 Unions 
 
 Acts of Parliament and 
 
 The Celebrations of iooi ... 
 
 The Principal's Address to Students, March 12th, 1901 
 
 The Smoking Concert on May 18th, 1901 
 
 The Garden Party of June 29th, 1901 
 
 , 48 
 
 , 64 
 
 , 80 
 
 , 96 
 
 Page. 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 6 
 7 
 9 
 9 
 12 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 15 
 16 
 16 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 18 
 
 21 
 23 
 26 
 28 
 
ii. CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Jubilee Publications 30 
 
 The Owens College, by P. J. Hartog, B.Sc 31 
 
 The Owens College Jubilee 31 
 
 The Owens College Historical Essays 31 
 
 The Owens College Jubilee 33 
 
 The Bishop's Sermon 35 
 
 The Opening op the Whitworth Hall 40 
 
 The Arrival of the Procession 41 
 
 Order of Procession 41 
 
 The President's Speech 44 
 
 The Address of the College 46 
 
 The Prince's Reply 48 
 
 The Vote of Thanks to the Prince and Princess 51 
 
 The Earl of Derby's speech in moving the vote 51 
 
 Sir W. H. Houldsworth's speech in seconding it 52 
 
 The Prince's acknowledgment 54 
 
 Address by Sir R. C. Jebb, as the representative of literature ... 54 
 
 Address by Dr. A. W. Rticker, as the representative of science ... 57 
 Speech by Sir F. Forbes Adam, expressing the thanks of the 
 College to Sir R. C. Jebb and Dr. A. W. Riicker 
 
 The Conversazione 
 
 List of Exhibits : 
 
 The Chemical Laboratories 
 
 The Christie Library 
 
 The Whitworth Engineering Laboratory 
 
 The Physical Laboratories 
 
 The Beyer Laboratories 
 
 The Manchester Museum 
 
 The Ceremonies of March 13th 
 
 The Presentation op Addresses 
 
 Speech of the Duke of Devonshire ... 
 List op Universities, Societies, etc., represented, with names 
 of delegates : 
 
 Foreign Universities and Societies 
 
 Indian and Colonial Universities 
 
 Universities of the United Kingdom 
 
 University Colleges of the United Kingdom 
 
 Learned Societies of the United Kingdom 
 
 60 
 61 
 
 62 
 63 
 63 
 64 
 64 
 65 
 
 66 
 66 
 66 
 
 67 
 68 
 68 
 69 
 69 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Speeches of Delegates 
 
 Professor A. H. Becquerel (Academie des Sciences Institut 
 de France) 
 
 Sir G. G. Stokes (Royal Society) ... 
 
 The Rev. Dr. W. W. Merry (Oxford) 
 
 Professor H. Breymann (Munich) 
 
 Professor Voigt (Gottingen) 
 
 Dr. Knecht (Zurich) 
 
 Professor Chodat (Geneva) 
 
 Professor Woodward (Harvard) 
 
 Lord Strathcona (M'Gill, Montreal)... 
 
 Professor W. Booth (Calcutta) 
 
 Mr. G. B. Bilderbeck (Madras) 
 
 Professor Hudson Beare (Adelaide)... 
 
 Professor Dendy (New Zealand) 
 
 Sir R. C. Jebb (Cambridge) 
 
 Dr. Ker (London) 
 
 Mr. T. F. Roberts (Wales) 
 
 Dr. 0. J. Lodge (Birmingham) 
 
 Professor W. A. Knight (St. Andrews) 
 
 Professor G. G. Ramsay (Glasgow) ... 
 
 The Very Rev. Dr. Lang (Aberdeen)... 
 
 Professor Simpson (Edinburgh) 
 
 Professor Mahaffy (Dublin) 
 
 Sir R. Blennerhassett (Ireland) 
 List op Universities and Learned Societies 
 
 addresses, but not delegates 
 Speech bt the Principal op Owens College in 
 
 addresses 
 
 Speech by Professor Dixon in reply to 
 The Honorary Degrees 
 
 Speech by Lord Spencer 
 
 Recipients of Degrees 
 
 LL.D.j presented by the Principal 
 
 Sir W. R. Anson 
 
 Sir J. T. Hibbert 
 
 The Lord Mayor 
 
 Mr. Justice Kennedy ... 
 
 Page. 
 . 71 
 
 THE ADDRESSES 
 
 WHICH 
 
 REPLY TO 
 
 SENT 
 
 THE 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 71 
 
 72 
 72 
 72 
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 75 
 
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 81 
 81 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 The Dean of Manchester 
 
 .. 82 
 
 Mr. A. Neild 
 
 .. 82 
 
 Principal T. F. Roberts 
 
 .. 82 
 
 Sir A. Rollit 
 
 .. 82 
 
 Lord Strathcona 
 
 .. 83 
 
 Mr. R. T. Wright 
 
 .. 83 
 
 Litt.D., presented by Professor Wilkins 
 
 .. 83 
 
 Professor Angellier 
 
 .. 83 
 
 Professor Bradley 
 
 .. 84 
 
 Professor Breymann 
 
 .. 84 
 
 Professor Espinas 
 
 .. 84 
 
 Professor Ker ... 
 
 .. 85 
 
 The Rev. Dr. McLaren 
 
 .. 85 
 
 The Bishop of Manchester 
 
 .. 85 
 
 The Rev. Dr. W. W. Merry 
 
 .. 85 
 
 Professor A. S. Napier 
 
 .. 86 
 
 Mrs. Rylands 
 
 .. 86 
 
 Mr. J. H. Wylie 
 
 .. 86 
 
 D.Sc, presented by Professor Young and Professor Schuster . 
 
 .. 86 
 
 Sir Thomas Barlow 
 
 .. 87 
 
 Sir J. S. Burdon-Sanderson 
 
 .. 87 
 
 Sir W. S. Church 
 
 .. 87 
 
 Mr. H. G. Howse 
 
 .. 88 
 
 Professor Simpson 
 
 .. 88 
 
 Professor A. H. Becquerel 
 
 .. 88 
 
 Professor Robert Chodat 
 
 .. 89 
 
 Professor G. C. Foster 
 
 .. 89 
 
 Dr. J. W. L. Glaisher 
 
 .. 89 
 
 Principal E. H. Griffiths 
 
 .. 89 
 
 Principal W. M. Hicks 
 
 .. 89 
 
 Dr. E. W. Hobson 
 
 .. 90 
 
 Professor G. B. Howes 
 
 .. 90 
 
 Professor W. Jack 
 
 .. 90 
 
 Principal 0. J. Lodge 
 
 .. 90 
 
 Professor W. Nernst 
 
 .. 90 
 
 Professor J. H. Poynting 
 
 .. 91 
 
 Professor W. Tilden 
 
 .. 91 
 
 Professor W. Voigt 
 
 .. 91 
 
 Professor H. Marshall Ward 
 
 .. 91 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Mus.Doc, presented by Dr. Hiles 
 
 Mr. A. Brodsky 
 
 Dr. Richter 
 
 M.A., presented by Professor Tout 
 
 Miss Adamson 
 
 Mr. H. Guppy 
 
 Mr. E. Helm 
 
 Mr. T. C. Horsfall 
 
 Mr. G. Milner 
 
 Mr. C. Rowley 
 
 Mr. C. W. Sutton 
 
 Mr. C. H. Wyatt 
 
 lf.Sc, presented by Professor Lamb 
 
 Mr. C. Bailey 
 
 Mr. F. Jones 
 
 Mr. J. H. Reynolds 
 
 Mr. James Scotson 
 
 A B.A. Degree. 
 
 Mr. Henry Brierley, presented by Professor Wilkins 
 Description of the Whitworth Hall 
 The Jubilee Dinner 
 
 Page. 
 91 
 92 
 92 
 92 
 92 
 93 
 93 
 93 
 93 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 95 
 95 
 95 
 95 
 
 96 
 96 
 
 98 
 
 Student Celebrations 
 
 Dr. McLaren's Sermon. 
 
 Congratulatory Addresses to the College from British and 
 Foreign Universities: 
 
 United Kingdom : 
 Oxford... 
 Cambridge 
 St. Andrews 
 Glasgow 
 Aberdeen 
 Edinburgh 
 Dublin... 
 London... 
 Durham 
 Wales . . . 
 Birmingham 
 
 99 
 100 
 
 107 
 108 
 109 
 110 
 111 
 113 
 114 
 115 
 116 
 117 
 119 
 
VI. 
 
 CONTENTS, 
 
 Colonies and India: 
 
 MacGill, Montreal 
 
 Melbourne 
 
 Madras 
 
 New Zealand 
 
 United States of America 
 
 Harvard 
 
 Yale ... 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Princeton 
 
 Columbia, New York 
 
 Cornell 
 
 California 
 
 Johns Hopkins ... 
 
 Western Reserve, Ohio 
 Austria-Hungary : 
 
 German University of Prague 
 
 Czech University of Prague 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Budapest 
 
 Belgium : 
 
 Liege 
 
 Denmark : 
 
 Copenhagen 
 
 France : 
 
 Paris 
 
 Lille 
 
 German Empire : 
 
 Heideberg 
 
 Wurzburg 
 
 Leipzig 
 
 Freiburg im Breisgau 
 
 Munich 
 
 Halle-Wittenberg. . . 
 
 Jena 
 
 Strassburg 
 
 Giessen 
 
 Kiel 
 
 Page. 
 
 121 
 123 
 124 
 125 
 
 126 
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 155 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Gottingen 
 Erlangen 
 Berlin ... 
 Bonn 
 Greece : 
 Athens ... 
 
 Italy : 
 Bologna 
 Padua ... 
 Rome . . . 
 
 Japan : 
 Tokio ... 
 
 Netherlands 
 Ley den ... 
 Utrecht... 
 Amsterdam 
 
 Norway : 
 Christiania 
 
 Portugal : 
 Coimbra 
 
 Russia: 
 
 Helsingfors 
 
 Moscow... 
 Sweden: 
 
 Upsala ... 
 
 Lund 
 
 Stockholm 
 Switzerland : 
 
 Basel ... 
 
 Zurich ... 
 
 Bern 
 
 Geneva . . . 
 
 Page. 
 .. 156 
 .. 157 
 .. 158 
 .. 159 
 
 .. 160 
 
 .. 161 
 .. 162 
 .. 163 
 
 .. 164 
 
 .. 165 
 .. 167 
 
 .. 168 
 
 .. 169 
 
 .. 171 
 
 .. 172 
 .. 173 
 
 ... 174 
 ... 175 
 .. 176 
 
 ... 177 
 
 ... 179 
 
 ... 180 
 
 .., 181 
 
Historical Sketch of the Owens 
 College, 1851 — 1902. 
 
 THE FOUNDATION 
 
 THE BEGINNING IN QUAY STREET 
 
 THE FIRST TWENTY YEARS 
 
 THREE YEARS OF CHANGE: THE ACTS OF 
 
 PARLIAMENT AND THE NEW BUILDINGS 
 THE MEDICAL SCHOOL 
 THE MUSEUM 
 
 THE BEGINNING IN OXFORD STREET 
 THE LAST TWENTY YEARS 
 SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT 
 THE VICTORIA UNIVERSITY 
 THE DEPARTMENT FOR WOMEN 
 GRANTS 
 
 DAY TRAINING DEPARTMENT 
 CHANGE IN PRINCIPALSHIP 
 LIBRARY 
 
 SCHORLEMMER LABORATORY 
 THE PHYSICAL LABORATORIES 
 HALLS OF RESIDENCE 
 UNIONS 
 
The Foundation. 
 
 In the days of the early fifties, when the Manchester Guardian was 
 published but twice a week, there appeared a modest advertisement 
 in the paper of Saturday, February 8th, 1851, headed " Owens 
 College." It announced that an institution of that name would open 
 on an early date, having for its object " providing or aiding the 
 means of instructing and improving young persons of the male sex 
 (and being of an age not less than fourteen years), in such branches 
 of learning and science as are now, and may be hereafter, usually 
 taught in the English universities." Such had been the wording of 
 the will of John Owens, by which he bequeathed for the foundation 
 of a college a sum of over £96,000. John Owens had died five years 
 earlier, leaving behind him the memory of an upright merchant, 
 liberal in nature, but reserved in manners. His religious 
 opinions had been founded on a broad basis, and he had regarded 
 compulsory subscription to any prescribed creed with stern disfavour, 
 having been particularly opposed to the religious tests enforced at 
 the old universities. Thus, when his friend George Faulkner, 
 refusing to become his heir himself, encouraged him to leave his 
 wealth for the advancement of learning in his native town, his 
 foremost thought was of a college in which perfect liberty of 
 religious opinion should be enjoyed by both teachers and students. 
 He appointed as his trustees men of strict integrity and of varied 
 views, who spent the five years following his death in laboriously 
 and conscientiously collecting information from men of experience 
 in all parts of England and Scotland, to enable them to fulfil their 
 trust worthily and well. With the possible exception of University 
 College, London, there was not a single college in England at that 
 time that could have served them as a model, and every plan they 
 made could only be regarded as in the nature of an experiment. 
 Against what now seem to have been almost insuperable difficulties, 
 their dogged perseverance at length prevailed, and five weeks after 
 
2 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 the preliminary announcement in the Manchester Guardian there 
 was published in the same paper an account of the opening of Owens 
 College on March 12th, 1851. 
 
 The day was of high importance for education, not only in the 
 North of England, but in the whole country. Its significance was to 
 some extent realised in the celebrations of its anniversary in the 
 present year, when men came from all parts of the world to offer 
 their congratulations. But it stood for far more than the founding 
 of one more institution of learning — it marked the beginning of a 
 new and liberal system of university education. It marked the first 
 conscious union of town and gown in English history, the meeting 
 of scholar and merchant on common ground and with common aims. 
 The Owens College was the pioneer of the twelve other University 
 Colleges since established in the centres of utilitarian energies and 
 commercial ideals, which leaven their surroundings with scholarly 
 influences, and derive, in turn, material support from them. 
 
 The Beginning in Quay Street. 
 
 It was in a " spacious dwelling-house " in Quay Street that Owens 
 College began its career fifty years ago. Its first staff consisted of 
 the following professors and teachers : — 
 
 Principal of the College, and Professor of Logic, Mental and Moral 
 
 Philosophy, and English Language and Literature, Mr. A. J. 
 
 Scott, M.A. 
 Professor of the Language and Literature of Greece and Rome, and 
 
 of Ancient and Modern History, Mr. J. G. Greenwood, B.A. 
 Professor of Mathematics, Mr. Archibald Sandeman, M.A. 
 ,, „ Chemistry, Mr. Edward Frankland, Ph.D. 
 ,, „ Natural History, Botany, and Geology, Mr. W. C. 
 
 Williamson. 
 Teacher of German, Hebrew, and Oriental Languages, Mr. T. 
 
 Theodores. 
 Teacher of French, M. Podevin. 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 3 
 
 The College was formally opened at a public meeting in the Town 
 Hall, on Wednesday, March 12th, 1851, and the following day the 
 first session began in Quay Street, with two of a series of introductory 
 lectures. Principal Scott unfortunately was ill at that time, and it 
 fell to the lot of Professor Greenwood to give the first lecture. It is 
 of interest to describe the starting point, as it were, of the race set 
 before the College ; only by doing so can we gain an adequate idea of 
 the progress since made. The inaugural lectures were held in what 
 was called the " common hall and large lecture room " of the College 
 house —formerly a music room. Soon after eleven o'clock on the 
 first day the staff entered the room, " attired," to quote the local 
 papers, " in collegiate gowns, and carrying college caps in their 
 hands." The trustees of John Owens were seated in the alcove in 
 which an organ had formerly stood ; the professors took their seats on 
 the right, while in front were a platform and desk for the lecturer. 
 The introductory lectures were open to visitors giving their names 
 and addresses to the porter, and thus, says the newspaper, " the 
 remainder of the seats, with which the room was filled, were occupied 
 by a numerous and highly respectable assemblage." In those days 
 there was apparently no obnoxious condescension in characterising 
 an audience as " highly respectable," nor did it convey any sinister 
 implication to write habitually of Owens College as " the Institution," 
 with a capital " I." Mr. Alexander Kay, one of the trustees, presided. 
 After he had introduced the Professors to the audience, Professor 
 Greenwood gave his lecture " On the Languages and Literature of 
 Greece and Eome." He spoke much of the ideals of academic life, 
 and brought a lofty and serious address to an end with these words : 
 
 " Those who aim at the true end of education — the discipline of 
 the mind and the strengthening of its faculties for after use in the 
 noblest way — they, too, will gain their end, for the very effort, if 
 honestly made, implies success." 
 
 Professor Sandeman, who gave the second lecture, spoke of the 
 mental discipline of mathematics, and of their inestimable value in 
 generating habits of accuracy and thoroughness in reasoning. In 
 this way was inaugurated the study of the two broad divisions of 
 
4 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 learning, Arts and Science, the former represented by classics, and 
 the latter by mathematics. Complexity of classification and minute- 
 ness of specialization in each branch, to whatever extent they grow, 
 can never obscure or change the goal indicated in these first lectures. 
 
 There had been an entrance examination in the morning, but the 
 weather was regardless of human arrangements, and necessitated an 
 announcement that any student who had been unable to attend in 
 consequence of the rain, might sit for another preliminary examina- 
 tion on the Sahirday. Present day students doubtless look back with 
 longing to the good old days when, if one examination were missed — 
 unavoidably, of course — another was considerately provided for them. 
 
 The introductory lectures were continued with much success, 
 attracting audiences which were invariably " very numerous and 
 highly respectable." The first session, having only begun in March, 
 was of a fragmentary and somewhat experimental nature, and when 
 it closed, in June, the entrance of 25 students seemed to be an 
 eminently satisfactory beginning. 
 
 The First Twenty Years. 
 
 The first complete session of the College began amid busy 
 preparations for a royal visit to Manchester. Principal Scott opened 
 the session with the inaugural lecture that he had been too ill to give 
 before. He delivered it in the Town Hall, under the presidency of 
 the Mayor, John Potter, who was knighted the following week by the 
 Queen, when she paid Manchester that memorable visit of 1851, 
 accompanied by the Prince Consort and the Duke of Wellington. It 
 was in commemoration of this visit that two years later the first 
 scholarships were founded at Owens College — the Victoria, by 
 Samuel Fletcher, and the Wellington, by George Faulkner. The 
 year 1853 is notable in that it saw the appointment of Richard Copley 
 Christie to the newly founded Chair of History. Mr. Christie also 
 became Professor of Political Economy and of Jurisprudence, and it 
 would be difficult to overestimate the powerfully beneficent influence 
 he exerted on the College from first to last. 
 
 When Owens College was three years old, George Faulkner 
 presented it with the Quay Street house, in which it lived and worked 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 5 
 
 for some twenty years. It was about this time, by the way, that the 
 students petitioned for academic dress. The authorities deemed it 
 unadvisable to allow the wearing of a costume so incongruous with 
 the squalid surroundings of the College, and not until the Jubilee 
 year were the days of probationary plain clothes fulfilled, and the 
 distinction of cap and gown conferred on undergraduates. 
 
 The promise of the opening sessions was not immediately realised, 
 and a weary period of declining numbers and diminishing interest 
 soon set in. The darkest days ever seen by the College were those 
 of the session 1857-8. It was the first session of Principal 
 Greenwood's Principalship, and dreary discouragements beset him on 
 all sides. The number of students was lamentably low. One day 
 during this depressing period Henry Roscoe was standing at the 
 College entrance, when a man enquired of him, " Maister, is this th' 
 neet asylum ?" With a doleful shake of the head he replied, " Not 
 yet, my man, but if you come in six months' time I fear it will be !" 
 There were various reasons for the diminution of numbers, perhaps 
 the most important being the inadequate preparation of schoolboys 
 for the entrance examination. The matter was discussed in the local 
 papers, one of which definitely branded the College " a mortifying 
 failure." Professor Scott (who still retained his Chair, though 
 unable to act as Principal) took up cudgels for the College, and ably 
 defended its maintenance of a high standard of education. Another 
 paper, while admitting the failure of the College to be an indisput- 
 able fact, laid the shame of the defeat wholly at the door of an 
 unworthy populace, comparing the inhabitants of Manchester to 
 African savages, yearning for Sheffield blades and palm-oil, while 
 the missionary, in the guise of Owens College, stood unheeded in 
 their midst, offering them the Grospel. The writer spoke in glowing 
 terms of " the beatitudes of scientific thought " spurned by a 
 mercenary Manchester, and scornfully depicted the sordid crowd 
 rolling along Deansgate " heedless of the proximity of Plato and 
 Aristotle." This vivid picture of the degradation of Manchester as 
 reflected in the failure of Owens College, was not to remain true 
 long. The next session opened with hopeful signs, which were not 
 deceptive; a greater number of advanced students was obtained, 
 
6 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 and the College gradually increased in numbers and importance. 
 The early sixties saw the Quay Street class-rooms in an uncomfort- 
 ably crowded condition, and accordingly an extension scheme was 
 brought before the Manchester people. It was received with 
 expressions of approval so practical that in three years' time the 
 foundation stone of the present buildings in Oxford Road was laid 
 by the late Duke of Devonshire. 
 
 A review of the first twenty years of Owens College shows the 
 eminent wisdom of its founder's policy. John Owens had desired 
 that the money he left should be devoted to securing efficiency of 
 teaching rather than sufficiency of accommodation. He laid more 
 stress on the intellectual than on the architectural future of his 
 College, realising that the latter would always take care of itself. 
 
 Three Years of Change. 
 The Acts of Parliament and the New Buildings. 
 
 Meanwhile the old buildings in Quay Street were proving less and 
 less adequate for the growing College. A public meeting was held 
 to promote an extension scheme, and after much discussion the 
 present site in Oxford Street was eventually fixed on as suitable for 
 the future College. The authorities were without funds to erect the 
 necessary building, but the energy of the Committee on whom the 
 burden of raising money was laid, soon resulted in the acquisition 
 of some £80,000, and it was decided to embark on the new scheme at 
 once. Mr. Alfred Waterhouse drew up plans for the present College 
 buildings, and in the three years during which they were in 
 progress, some events of the utmost importance took place. 
 The two Acts of Parliament of 1870 and 1871 modified the 
 constitution of the College and defined its government. Among 
 other changes of the original plan, sex restrictions were set aside, 
 and the age of entrance was raised from fourteen to sixteen years. 
 The supreme control of the College was vested in the Court of 
 Gfovernors, while its general and financial administration was 
 entrusted to the Council, its Executive Committee. The Senate, to 
 be composed of the Principal and professors, managed the 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 7 
 
 educational affairs of the College. The offices of President, 
 Treasurer, and Principal were also provided for, and the Associates 
 became an organised body with certain well-defined privileges and 
 obligations. 
 
 Henceforth the College, hitherto carried on according to the will, 
 expressed or understood, of its founder, was drawn under the control 
 of regulations of a very definite kind, and felt for the first time the 
 solid rock of a legal constitution beneath its feet. With such a 
 foundation, it was enabled not merely to progress on the old lines, 
 but to carry out the wishes of John Owens in a more practical and 
 methodical way than had been possible before. 
 
 The Medical School. 
 
 Early the following year there occurred one of the most important 
 events in the history of the College. This was the incorporation of 
 the Manchester Royal School of Medicine. As early as 1856 
 negotiations had been begun for the union of the two institutions, 
 but no satisfactory arrangements were arrived at for some years. It 
 was not, indeed, until 1872, the year in which the College attained 
 its majority, that the Medical School actually became the Medical 
 Department of Owens College. A word must be said as to the 
 previous history of this school, for it had been as persevering and as 
 effective a pioneer as Owens itself. It was founded by the well-known 
 surgeon, Thomas Turner, in Pine Street, in 1824, and equipped with 
 six chairs, the occupant of that of Chemistry being John Dalton. It 
 was the first school of medicine outside London, both in time and in 
 efficiency. At first the students laboured under many and various 
 disabilities, owing to restrictions placed on their Infirmary 
 attendances by the College of Surgeons in London. But before three 
 years had passed every obstacle in the way of the progress and public 
 recognition of the Pine Street School was cleared away. Owing not 
 only to its priority in time, but also to its superiority in efficiency, 
 it was granted the title " Royal " twelve years after its foundation. 
 Other medical schools came and went in Manchester, but the Pine 
 Street School pursued its way unshaken by rivalry and with steadily 
 
8 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 increasing prestige and power. The students qualified for the most 
 part at the College of Surgeons; some took the licentiateship of the 
 Apothecaries' Hall, and some the London University degree. 
 
 In an inaugural lecture, delivered when the amalgamation with 
 Owens College was finally effected, Mr. Turner looked forward to the 
 establishment of a Northern University, and prophesied " accelerated 
 progress " to both Owens and the Medical School. His prediction 
 has been amply fulfilled. " The time," says Professor 
 Young, " was singularly opportune for incorporation. The 
 scheme of medical education was then undergoing a complete 
 change. The scientific method was asserting itself and had to be 
 adopted. After the amalgamation, the Medical School was at once 
 put on an improved footing. New buildings were erected with 
 lecture theatres, class rooms and laboratories large enough, it was 
 thought, to meet the growing requirements of medical education in 
 Manchester for many years to come. Nothing affords more striking 
 testimony of the remarkable progress of the Medical School, after 
 its incorporation with the Owens College, than the fact that in less 
 than ten years the accommodation provided was found to be 
 altogether inadequate. Additions were made by which the school 
 was practically doubled in size. Again, however, the progress and 
 growth of the school exceeded all expectations, and another decade 
 had hardly been completed before, as has been well said, ' the school 
 was embarrassed with its own success.' The necessity for still 
 further additions was quickly met by the Council, and new 
 laboratories and lecture theatres for physiology, pathology, medical 
 jurisprudence, public health, and dental classes were provided. The 
 rooms previously used in the older buildings by the departments 
 named have been utilised to provide additional accommodation for 
 medicine, surgery, obstetrics, anatomy, materia medica, pharmacy 
 and other special subjects. As a result the Medical School of the 
 Owens College, so far as regards laboratories, class rooms, and 
 general equipment, is one of the finest in the kingdom. 
 
 " The number of students entering for classes in the Medical 
 School is now over 400 each year. When the Royal School of 
 Medicine was incorporated in the College, 29 years ago, the number 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 9 
 
 was only 99. The increase was continuous and rapid up to tlie year 
 1891. The course of study, which medical students are required to 
 attend, was then extended from four to five years, and, as might be 
 expected, the increase in the number of entries each year has not 
 been so marked during the last few years as formerly. 
 
 " Further many other Schools of Medicine have been rebuilt 
 or extended, and brought more into line with modern requirements, 
 and the question arises as to whether Manchester is still keeping 
 sufficiently ahead in all the branches and sections of medical 
 education, or whether there is not some danger of other interests 
 overshadowing those of education. 
 
 " The provision of a conveniently situated and adequately 
 equipped hospital for clinical work and instruction is still urgently 
 called for, both in the interests of the community generally and in 
 those of medical education. Without such a hospital the Medical 
 School with all its advantages, and they are many, can never hope 
 to play its proper part in promoting the well-being of the citizens of 
 Manchester, and of contributing its due share to the advancement of 
 medical knowledge." 
 
 The Museum. 
 
 In the same year as the amalgamation of the Medical School with 
 Owens College the nucleus was acquired of the large and valuable 
 possessions of the Manchester Museum. The collections of the 
 Manchester Natural History Society and the Manchester Geological 
 Society were transferred to the College; they had, however, to wait 
 sixteen years before they found a lasting habitation in the building 
 now known as the " Manchester Museum, Owens College." 
 
 The Beginning in Oxford Street. 
 
 The new buildings now approached completion, and the part of 
 the College forming the west side of the quadrangle was opened in 
 1873 by the late Duke of Devonshire. The opening took the form 
 of an " oratorical ceremony," in the Chemistry Theatre. 
 
10 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 In his speech the Duke of Devonshire opened up a wide outlook 
 for the College ; he contemplated a magnificent future, which should 
 abound in lasting achievements. He spoke of the ideals and aims of 
 the founder of Owens College, of the deeds already done, and of the 
 increased possibilities for the College now that its accommodation 
 was adequate. He was right when he said that with however 
 much satisfaction the new buildings might be contemplated they 
 only opened the way to still further progress and development. Such 
 has been the case ; Owens has ever used its achievements as stepping 
 stones, not as resting places. 
 
 After this inspiring speech, Principal Greenwood read his 
 lecture on " Some Relations of Culture to Practical Life." He 
 held up lofty and inspiring ideals to the students, and spoke with 
 deep solemnity of the " end of learning," concluding with a direct 
 and memorable plea for the true honour due to John Owens. 
 " Others have honoured his memory by raising these noble buildings 
 to bear his name. It is for you, gentlemen, and for us to see that 
 the immaterial College, which alone he was concerned to found, shall 
 be not less worthy of him." His address was the noble expression of 
 a mind whose influence on the College has been beneficent and 
 lasting. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Ashton, to whose untiring zeal it was largely owing 
 that the new buildings were ever erected, formally handed over the 
 building to the College authorities, and in doing so gave utterance to a 
 prophecy fulfilment of which is almost due. He said he had the greatest 
 confidence " that before thirty years had elapsed they would see 
 within the walls of Owens College from 1,500 to 2,000 students." 
 Last session (1901-2), twenty-eight years after the utterance of these 
 words, there were 1,105 day students, and 176 evening class students, 
 making a total which gives Mr. Ashton's prediction a more 
 satisfactory fulfilment than usually befalls human prophecy. 
 Professor Roscoe, Mr. Waterhouse, and Mr. Alfred Neild also spoke, 
 and were followed by Bishop Eraser, who referred to the character 
 ascribed to Manchester of being a place addicted to the pursuit of 
 money ; for it was a common saying at that time in England at large, 
 and particularly in that part of England of which Manchester was 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 11 
 
 the centre, that the acquisition of wealth had for long been far more 
 rapid here than the acquisition of knowledge and culture. The Bishop 
 evidently shared the belief to which he alluded, and acted up to his 
 convictions by translating all the Greek quotations which adorned 
 his address — though he caused much amusement by declaring that he 
 did so for the benefit of the ladies in the gallery. This, be it 
 remembered, was ten years before women were admitted to the 
 College as students. 
 
 Professor Scott (now Principal of the Lancashire Independent 
 College), Sir James Kay Shuttle worth, the Hon. Algernon Egerton, 
 and Sir Benjamin Brodie (who represented the older Universities) 
 took part in the ceremony. Some of the hopes and fears expressed 
 on that occasion, thirty years ago, seem to be almost of the nature 
 of pleasantries, read in the light of intervening history ; but the lofty 
 and serious note struck in many of the addresses has proved the true 
 key-note of College life and work, and the ideals expounded then 
 are still inspiring both staff and students. 
 
 The speeches of the great opening meeting lasted three hours, and 
 suffered from an " uniformity of faultlessness," as the contemporary 
 records express it. The students, however, rose to the occasion, and 
 varied the " monotony of excellence " by those exhibitions of 
 dazzling wit to which we have now become inured. They were 
 lauded in the local papers for their interruptions, which, " though 
 vastly inferior to those of Commemoration Day at Oxford, were 
 entirely creditable and of high promise for such a young institution." 
 In spite of their philanthropic efforts, three hours of faultless 
 speaking made mortal spirits tire or faint, for the record says 
 heretically, " A more agreeable celebration of the opening was to 
 follow. A soiree was given in the evening." The conversazione is a 
 form of festivity peculiarly suited to the genius of Owens College, 
 and this, the first in the College buildings, possesses an unique and 
 historic interest, as being the forerunner of the popular series of 
 soirees given yearly by the Owens College Union, and of the 
 brilliant function which formed one of the main celebrations of the 
 Jubilee. The " whole College " was thrown open, and three lectures 
 were given in the course of the evening by Professors Roscoe, Ward, 
 
12 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 and Stewart. Then, as ever, there was sore difficulty in obtaining 
 refreshments, and one of the local newspapers said, with tragic 
 emphasis, " Words cannot do justice to the well-bred agony depicted 
 in the faces of this striving throng." 
 
 Such was the first College function in the building now so 
 familiar in its grimy and weather-beaten aspect, that it is hard to 
 realise there ever was a time when its original brightness was not 
 dimmed by a Manchester atmosphere. 
 
 From time to time throughout that session the Professors 
 delivered special lectures, in continuation of the celebrations of 
 October. These lectures are now embodied in the volume known as 
 " Essays and Addresses by Professors and Lecturers of the Owens 
 College, Manchester," edited by Professors Balfour Stewart and A. 
 W. Ward, and published by Macmillan and Co., 1874. 
 
 The Last Twenty Years. 
 
 The time that intervened between the opening of the first College 
 building in Oxford Street and the completion last March of the whole 
 building scheme can only be described as a season of strenuous 
 progress and development, and in the record of its achievements is 
 embodied the story of the evolution of the quadrangle, completed at 
 last in the year of Jubilee. The various departments shared one and 
 all in the benefits of the larger activity in which the College was 
 gradually enabled to engage. New chairs were founded from time 
 to time, while generous bequests furnished the wherewithal to carry 
 on a wider work. 
 
 Scientific Development. 
 
 The year after the new buildings were opened there began 
 important expansion on the science side of the College. Dr. Carl 
 Schorlemmer, F.R.S., was called to a newly created Chair of Organic 
 Chemistry, which was the very first of its kind in England. The 
 Chair of Geology was divided from that of Natural History, and 
 filled by Mr. W. Boyd Dawkins. The Natural History Chair was 
 further sub-divided some six years later, when Dr. Arthur Milnes 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 13 
 
 Marshall was made Professor of Zoology. This development in the 
 department of Natural History led to still more important extensions, 
 which culminated in the erection of the present Museum buildings, 
 and of laboratories for Natural History, called the " Beyer Labora- 
 tories," in honour of Mr. Charles Frederick Beyer. He, a man of 
 stern ideals, and sprung from a strenuous Saxon stock, has sometimes 
 been called the " second founder " of Owens College, by reason of 
 the large gifts he made for the advance of science and engineering — 
 his gifts, indeed, being larger than the original endowment. 
 Another important bequest for engineering, received about 1875, was 
 that of Mr. Charles Clifton, of Jersey City, U.S.A., who had heard of 
 Owens College through a friend, and bequeathed to its engineering 
 department more than £21,500. The development of this branch of 
 the College was soon under consideration. A Chair of Applied 
 Mathematics was founded, and a scheme for the building of 
 engineering laboratories set on foot. 
 
 Physiological laboratories and lecture rooms were needed, the 
 Museum was in course of building, and money was very scarce, so 
 that had not the bequests made it morally necessary that the 
 engineering department should be enlarged, it would have been 
 impossible to embark on any more building schemes. It was in 
 1887 that the Museum and Beyer Buildings were completed, and the 
 Whitworth Engineering Laboratory, the cost of which was covered 
 by gifts from the residuary legatees of Sir Joseph Whitworth, also 
 came into use in that year. 
 
 The Victoria University. 
 
 The foundation of the Victoria University by Act of Parliament 
 in 1880 marked a new stage in the growth of Owens College. Five 
 years earlier a pamphlet had been written by the Principal of the 
 College (Dr. Greenwood), Professors Roscoe, Ward and Morgan, in 
 which they urged the transformation of the College into an 
 independent University. Their original plan, however, was modified 
 by a memorial sent from Yorkshire College, Leeds, petitioning that a 
 University Charter be granted to a new corporation rather than to 
 
14 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 the existing Owens College. The outcome of negotiations with the 
 Leeds College was that in 1880 a charter was granted, the substance 
 of which was as follows : 
 
 " i. That the seat of the new University should be in Manchester, 
 and that it should be named " The Victoria University," after Her 
 Majesty. 
 
 ii. That the first College of the University should be the Owens 
 College, but that arrangement should be made for the admission 
 of other Colleges satisfactorily equipped, and that these Colleges 
 should have a share in the government of the University 
 proportionate to their magnitude and efficiency. 
 
 iii. That degrees should only be conferred on students prepared 
 by an academic training in the Colleges of the University, and 
 that the Colleges should have a legitimate share in determining the 
 curricula of study and conducting University examinations." l 
 
 The Department for Women. 
 
 The charter admitted women to the degrees of the new University, 
 and accordingly, three years later, a Department for Women was 
 formed at Owens College. Steps towards the teaching of women had, 
 however, already been taken. As early as 1874 Dr. Wilkins had 
 given a course of lectures to women students, but it was not 
 recognised officially, and the next ten years were troubled and 
 anxious ones for the advocates of higher education for women. For 
 the year after the pioneer course of lectures the Senate decided that 
 it was not advisable to hold unofficial courses of lectures in the 
 College, and after some negotiation the Court of Governors resolved 
 in 1877 that it was " not prepared to sanction the principle of mixed 
 education, believing that this would be at once opposed to the true 
 educational interests of students of either sex, and out of harmony 
 with the sentiments and usages of society." The Court was, 
 however, ready to give assistance to any movement towards the 
 formation of a College for Women, and this was speedily achieved. 
 For some six years the College for Women in Brunswick Street was 
 1. Thompson : The Owens College. 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 15 
 
 carried on with members of the staff of Owens College for its teachers, 
 though it was not actually incorporated with the College. Women 
 were admitted to some of the Arts and Science Classes as early as 
 1880, and three years later their College was taken over by Owens 
 under certain conditions for a period of five years. This transfer was 
 in the nature of a " cautious experiment," which, however, proved 
 eminently successful, and the Department for Women is now a tried 
 and well-established constituent of the College. In nearly every case 
 women are now admitted to the same classes as those " young 
 persons of the male sex " for whom the College was founded, though 
 there is still a small number of special classes for women in certain 
 subjects of the Preliminary and Intermediate Examinations. In 
 1899 they were admitted to the Medical School, and have their own 
 Dissecting and Common Rooms in the Medical Buildings. 
 
 Grants. 
 
 In 1889 Dr. Greenwood's resignation was followed by the 
 appointment of Dr. Ward to the Principalship of the College. In 
 the same year the first Government grant was received, and was 
 followed by grants from various other public bodies. The 
 Manchester City Council, for example, founded some scholarships 
 tenable at the Owens College, and a few years later the Lancashire 
 County Council granted a sum of money. It was during these years, 
 too, that the extensions of the Medical School, which have been 
 already indicated in the extract from the words of Professor Young, 
 took place. 
 
 Day Training Department. 
 
 In 1890 a Day Training Department for Men was formed, and 
 was so successful that two years later a Department for Women Day 
 Training Students was formed, which is now in the first rank of 
 Training Colleges. The success of the Training Department led to 
 the organisation of a special Department of Education and the 
 foundation of a Chair. 
 
16 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Change in Principalship. 
 
 In 1897 Dr. Ward resigned, to the sincere regret of every member 
 of the College, and was succeeded by Mr. Alfred Hopkinson, Q.C., 
 M.P., who had occupied the Chair of Law from 1875 to 1890. 
 
 Library. 
 
 Meanwhile Mr. Christie had offered to present the College with 
 a new building for its Library, which had long stood in need of an 
 adequate home. It had been begun fifty years ago by a donation of 
 twelve hundred volumes from Mr. James Heywood, and has been 
 increased year by year both by purchase and by the acquisition of 
 several large private collections. Now it numbers some seventy 
 thousand volumes, and is particularly well equipped with works 
 relating to History and to the Physical sciences. The Library also 
 numbers among its possessions many manuscripts and early printed 
 books r and many sets of periodicals and series of publications. It is 
 especially rich in periodicals and transactions illustrating the early 
 history of the sciences, particularly of chemistry. It also includes 
 the zoological collections of the late Professor Milnes Marshall; the 
 legal library of the late Professor Muirhead, of Edinburgh; E. A. 
 Freeman's large historical collection; Professor Adamson's philo- 
 sophical and general library; the large number of books bearing on 
 the history of religion accumulated by the late Professor Marillier of 
 Paris; and the solid and standard collections, especially classical and 
 archaeological, of Dr. Prince Lee, the first Bishop of Manchester. 
 
 The building presented by Mr. Christie was opened in 1898 by 
 the Duke of Devonshire, on the same day that he laid the foundation 
 stone of the new Whitworth Hall — another of the magnificent gifts 
 of Mr. Christie, this time as legatee of Sir Joseph Whitworth. 
 
 Schorlemmer Laboratory. 
 
 In 1895 the already extensive Chemical Laboratories were further 
 enlarged by the addition of the Schorlemmer Laboratory for Organic 
 

THE OWENS COLLEGE. 17 
 
 Chemistry. It was founded in memory of Carl Schorlemmer, who 
 held the Chair of Organic Chemistry from 1874 to 1892. Measuring 
 60 feet by 30 feet, it has accommodation for about 50 students in 
 addition to the Teaching Staff. 
 
 The Physical Laboratories. 
 
 Meanwhile it had become necessary to have new Physical Labora- 
 tories, and in 1897 two anonymous donations amounting to £15,000 
 were given towards their expense. Dr. Schuster, accompanied by 
 the architect, Mr. J. W. Beaumont, travelled in England and on 
 the Continent with the aim of securing the utmost that knowledge 
 and experience could produce. The result was the Physical Labora- 
 tories, opened in 1900, which are unique in the United Kingdom. 
 They are situated on the north side of Coupland Street and connected 
 with the College by a sub-way. The research rooms are placed in 
 the basement and are furnished with floors of concrete, that instru- 
 ments may stand as firm as possible. On the ground floor is the 
 entrance hall, opening into the workshop, switch-board room, and 
 the alternating current laboratories. All elementary practical work 
 is done on the first floor, the rooms of which are equipped with 
 water, gas, steam, compressed air, and electricity. Some of them are 
 most conveniently devoted to special purposes, as, for instance, the 
 galvanometer room, with galvanometers permanently set up away 
 from the apparatus, and having electric lamps by which to read 
 deflectors ; the spectroscope room, and the room for sound alone. On 
 the top floor are the lecture rooms, the apparatus room, the museum 
 (possessing some rare physical instruments — the thermometers used 
 by Joule among them), the Rowland grating room, the transit room, 
 and a research laboratory. Built out on the roof is the observatory, 
 with its fine lOin. refracting telescope. The John Hopkinson 
 memorial wing, founded in 1899, contains the electro-chemical 
 laboratory and the dynamo house. 
 
18 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Halls of Residence. 
 
 The conditions of academic life in Manchester have been vastly 
 improved by the institution of Halls of Residence in connection with 
 the College. Rather more than five-and-twenty years ago the 
 Society of Friends opened what is now known as Dalton Hall — then 
 called the " Friends' Hall." Ten years later Hulme Hall, in 
 Plymouth Grove, was opened, and three years ago a Hall of 
 Residence for women students was founded at Ashburne House, 
 Victoria Park. These hostels supply for the students who live in 
 them what is a real deficiency in the life of non-residential colleges, 
 and their advantages are easy to see. All three are successful and 
 deservedly so; the women's hostel, though only three years old, has 
 already been obliged to enlarge its borders, and Dalton Hall has 
 made provision for those it cannot itself accommodate in a neigh- 
 bouring house known as the " Annexe." Though the Halls have 
 their own clubs and societies of various kinds, they all place College 
 interests foremost, and have rendered invaluable service to the social 
 life of the College. 
 
 Unions. 
 
 The social side of College activities is expressed by means of 
 students' unions, of which there are two, one for the men students 
 and one for the women. " The Owens College Union " was estab- 
 lished in the year 1861, with the object of " stimulating social inter- 
 course amongst Past and Present Students of the College, and 
 increasing their interest in and fostering the spirit of goodwill and 
 loyalty towards their Alma Mater." 
 
 The Union (Dover House, Oxford Street), is now a comfortable 
 and convenient Club for past and present Owens Students, containing 
 Reading, Billiard, Chess, "Writing and Smoke rooms, and affords a 
 suitable place for the meetings of the six Societies which combine 
 to form the Union, viz. : — The Debating, Medical Debating, Literary, 
 Chemical, Biological and Engineering. 
 
 The organ of the Union is The Owens College Union Magazine, 
 a monthly journal, which began in manuscript form in 1867, though 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 19 
 
 not then officially connected with the Union. It is now published by 
 Messrs. Sherratt and Hughes, Manchester. 
 
 The older Union being limited to men students, the " Owens 
 College Women's Union " was founded in 1899, having substantially 
 the same objects as the earlier institution. Its house is 248, Oxford 
 Street, and it embraces as constituents all the Women's Societies and 
 Clubs. 
 
 The athletic side of College life has always been vigorous, and a 
 fresh impetus to its development was given a few years ago, when 
 the devisees of Sir Joseph and Lady Whitworth presented about ten 
 acres of land on the Firs estate at Fallowfield as an Athletic ground. 
 The Owens College Athletic Union and the Women's Athletic Union 
 have there adequate provision for football, cricket, lacrosse, tennis 
 and hockey, and a large pavilion was erected by Mr. E. Tootal 
 Broadhurst as one of Lady Whitworth's legatees. The ground was 
 opened at the beginning of the season 1901 — 2, and has already been 
 of invaluable service to the physical and social life of the members 
 of the College. 
 
The Celebrations of 1901. 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS TO THE STUDENTS 
 THE SMOKING CONCERT 
 THE GARDEN PARTY 
 JUBILEE PUBLICATIONS 
 
The Principal's Address to Students, 
 March 12th, 1901. 
 
 The actual date of the College Jubilee was, of course, March 12th ; 
 1901, but it was determined by common consent to defer the main 
 celebrations until the completion of the Whitworth Hall, which, 
 alone of all the College buildings, could form an adequate basis of 
 operations. The real Jubilee day could not, however, be passed over 
 without observance of any kind, and accordingly the Principal gave 
 an address to the students on the afternoon of March 12th. He 
 began by explaining the postponement of the celebrations, and 
 anticipating some of the forms they would take. He spoke of the 
 Founder, remarking how little is really known of him. The best 
 picture we have is that given in " The Owens College : Its Foundation 
 and Growth," by Mr. Alderman Thompson, and even from that we 
 can gather but an outline of his character. " He lived in Nelson 
 Street," said the Principal ; " was a merchant, and had a warehouse 
 near Shudehill. He was a good man of business; he paid his debts 
 punctually, and he used to ride on his cob from his house in Nelson 
 Street to his place of business in Shudehill. This is substantially all 
 that we know of him, except that he maintained a close friendship 
 with George Faulkner, and that his views were very different from 
 those of his friend. It is to him that we owe the foundation of this 
 College, of which we are so proud ; the College which has formed the 
 model of many colleges that have since been founded in various parts 
 of the country, and the founding of which marked a most important 
 event in the history of higher education in England. And the 
 founding of this College was due to the fact that this plain 
 Manchester merchant formed an ideal of what he would like a college 
 in a great town to be, and that, so far as in him lay, he did what was 
 possible to realise that ideal. He formed his ideal, and I believe 
 from the beginning to the end of the history of the College you will 
 
24 JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS AT 
 
 never find that a mistake has been made through those who have had 
 the direction of its destinies aiming at a high ideal. 
 
 THE PURPOSE OF THE FOUNDER. 
 
 " If there has been any sort of failure whatever it has been due 
 to some cause quite other than that ; to a want of foresight, it may be, 
 in not seeing the full scope of the work which the College might 
 undertake to accomplish. Owens said in effect, ' The institution 
 I found shall be for higher education;' not for anything of a mere 
 technical character, not merely for something that will bear on what 
 is called practical life. In the beginning he said that the College 
 should be for the promotion of learning and science in those branches 
 which are taught in the English Universities. There was no idea 
 of narrowing the scope or bounds of education. I have given you his 
 positive idea, and it was carried out — that the money should not be 
 spent in buildings but rather in the foundation of professorships; in 
 bringing to Manchester men who would be teachers and who would 
 inspire their students with high ideals and sound knowledge on the 
 subjects they taught; men like the first Principal (Mr. Scott), to whose 
 inspiring teaching his old pupils look back with gratitude. The 
 names of those who carried on their work in that old house in Quay 
 Street in the early sixties— Greenwood, Roscoe, Ward, Theodores, 
 Christie, Williamson, Barker, Jevons, Jack, Clifton, Schorlemmer, 
 and others — show what the character of the teaching was. But then 
 there is a negative ideal, a negative proviso or condition in his will, 
 and it is one that is well worth our while to keep always in memory. 
 The fundamental condition of his will was that no tests of a religious 
 character should ever be required from any professor, student, or 
 member of the College. It was a condition that was necessary 
 enough in those days, but probably is hardly necessary now, because 
 the lines which were laid down at Owens on that point have been 
 the lines that have since been adopted almost throughout the country 
 in other institutions. It is a principle from which, I believe 
 and trust, we shall never in any degree swerve. Again, he provided 
 in his will a clause which is often misquoted, and which it would be 
 well now to have accurately stated, that ' nothing shall be introduced 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 2b 
 
 in the matter or mode of education or instruction, in reference to any 
 religious or theological subject, which shall be reasonably offensive 
 to the conscience of any student, or of his relations, guardians, or 
 friends.' That has been read sometimes as meaning that this 
 institution must be one in which there was to be no religious tone 
 of any kind, and in which even there was to be a distinctly anti- 
 religious tone. That has been suggested, I believe, again and again 
 in outside quarters during the history of the College. But it is not 
 warranted by the history of the College at any stage since its first 
 foundation. At the earliest period, so far back as 1852, George 
 Faulkner founded the "Wellington scholarship for the study of the 
 Greek Testament, and that study has been regularly carried on 
 within the walls of this College ever since. The statement that the 
 College had an anti-religious tendency is simply due to the notion 
 that any religious tendency must necessarily be ' reasonably 
 offensive' to somebody. That is not the way in which those who 
 take broader and more liberal views read the proviso on the subject. 
 
 THE FUTURE. 
 
 " And now I will only say, in conclusion, let us remember two 
 things. One is that as we are moving forward in our own lives and 
 in the life of the College, we should, whilst forming an ideal, devote 
 ourselves to our immediate practical work, and leave talk about our 
 ideal for such occasions as one that occurs once in fifty years or so. 
 The men who have in the past done good work for the College were 
 not great talkers. Charles Beyer, Thomas Ashton, Richard Copley 
 Christie were not men who talked much, but they guided as practical 
 men each step forward, and they could not have guided with such 
 force and prudence unless they had had before them a high ideal both 
 in regard to their own duties and in regard to the work of the 
 institution with which they were connected. What you want, then, 
 if you are to have great achievement, is to form this ideal at the same 
 time that you take your steps forward gradually. I may use the 
 quaint words of Robert Browning — quaint, but singularly apposite 
 to the work we are carrying on. He says : — 
 
2d JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS AT 
 
 ' Image the whole, then execute the parts — 
 Fancy the fabric 
 Quite, ere you build, ere steel strike fire from quartz, 
 Ere mortar dab brick!' 
 
 Let us all remember that. Before we touch the building let us have 
 some idea of what the whole is to be. And finally do not let us, 
 when we think we are going to follow the intellectual life, imagine 
 that that means cutting ourselves off from the practical life of the 
 city and county in which we live. Let it rather be our object, — and I 
 hope we shall be judged by this,— that those who have been trained 
 in the College shall do their best to infuse a real love for science and 
 learning into the community in which they are placed; that they 
 shall do something for the practical side of the life of that 
 community; and above all that they shall never forget that, as they 
 have been free from all fetters and have been aided in the pursuit of 
 it, their aim must be to attain, so far as in them lies, to uphold and to 
 disseminate Truth." 
 
 The Principal and Mrs. Hopkinson were " At Home " to the 
 students in the Christie Library after the address, and received them 
 in the Reading Room. It was not often that all sections of the 
 College had met together at a social function, and the opportunity so 
 kindly given of doing so on the birthday of their Alma Mater, was 
 warmly appreciated by one and all. 
 
 The Smoking Concert on May 18th, 1901. 
 
 On May 18th, a Smoking Concert was held in the St. James' 
 Hall. It had been organised with a view to forming a re-union of 
 Past and Present Students, as well as of celebrating the Jubilee year, 
 and it certainly fulfilled its two-fold aim with extraordinary success. 
 Between two and three thousand members of the College assembled 
 round the pillars of the large hall, on which were posted date-limits, 
 that contemporary students might be able to find each other easily 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 
 
 21 
 
 amid the many sorts and conditions of men and the clouds of smoke. 
 The hall was arranged in the following way : — 
 
 Platform. 
 
 1851-60 
 
 1861-70 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 1876-80 
 
 1871-75 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 1881-85 
 
 1886-90 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 1896-00 
 
 1891-95 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 Entrance. 
 
 Gallery. 
 
 The chair was taken by Mr. Henry Brierley, who opened the 
 concert with a short speech. He spoke first of the recent loss of Mr. 
 J. H. Nicholson, one who had been the personal friend of many 
 present, who was for thirty years the Registrar of the Owens College, 
 and who had always taken the closest interest in its progress and 
 welfare. 
 
 Then " Auld Lang Syne " was sung by the whole company, each 
 group of fellow-students standing round its own table and crossing 
 hands of friendship in the traditional way. This was followed by 
 resounding cheers, which alone can express adequately and unani- 
 mously the innumerable emotions of a multitude. 
 
 The Chairman then resumed his speech. He named the four 
 Principals of the College, and each name was greeted with a shout of 
 enthusiasm. He mentioned some of its distinguished alumni — Sir 
 William Broadbent and Sir Thomas Barlow amongst others — and 
 shortly indicated how in recent years the cares and responsibilities 
 of the College had grown, and how necessary it was that all who had 
 
28 JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS AT 
 
 been associated with it in the past should now rally to its support, 
 and give it such help that its usefulness and influence would continue 
 to increase. 
 
 An excellent programme of music was given during the intervals 
 of the speech making. The only feeling that marred one's enjoyment 
 was that of compassion for the artists, who had necessarily in some 
 ways to subordinate their art to the social purpose of the gathering. 
 But the vast audience showed no lack of appreciation of their efforts, 
 and the veteran Mr. Santley was greeted with special enthusiasm, 
 the whole audience standing to cheer and sing " For he's a jolly 
 good fellow." Interesting as the musical programme was, the 
 concert will be remembered primarily as an unique social occurrence 
 in the life of the College, for never had there been such a great 
 re-union of Owensians as on that day. 
 
 The Garden Party of June 29th, 1901. 
 
 The Garden Party was held on the afternoon of Degree Day, June 
 29th, 1901. Although the degree ceremony of the morning did not 
 form an actual part of the Jubilee celebrations as such, it was 
 witnessed by an unusually large assembly, and Earl Spencer con- 
 ferred the degrees in an atmosphere of even greater excitement than 
 " Degree Day " always arouses. Everyone seemed to realise that 
 it was the year of Jubilee, and the day of the College Garden Party. 
 This, the third of the Jubilee celebrations of 1901, was held on the 
 Athletic Ground, Fallowfield, and the guests were received by Mr. 
 Alderman Thompson (Chairman of the Council), the Principal, and 
 the Presidents and Chairmen of the Students' Unions. Cricket and 
 tennis matches, a bicycle gymkhana, and a band, were the varied 
 sources of entertainment provided on the Athletic Ground itself, 
 while Mr. C. P. Scott, M.P., kindly lent the adjoining garden of 
 the Firs as a pastoral theatre, in which scenes from " Twelfth Night " 
 were given. The afternoon was an unqualified success, for the sun 
 shone, and bright weather always raises the spirits of those who dwell 
 in Manchester to a point unknown to those to whom the sunshine is 
 no rare treat. The cricket match was played between the College 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 29 
 
 and Leigh, and resulted in a draw, Owens being 36 runs behind with 
 three wickets to fall. The final tie of the Women's Lawn Tennis 
 Tournament was played off between Miss M. Wadsworth and Miss R. 
 Jordan. It resulted in a victory for Miss Jordan by three sets to one. 
 The bicycle gymkhana was held on the Association football ground, 
 and was open for the competition of guests as well as students. 
 Among the events were tortoise, egg-and-spoon, and obstacle races, 
 tilting at the ring, needle threading, tent pegging, and the like. The 
 band of the 2nd Volunteer Battalion Manchester Regiment accom- 
 panied the novel feats of the cyclists with festive strains. The other 
 novelty of the afternoon was the performance of scenes from 
 " Twelfth Night." The caste was made up as follows : — 
 
 Orsino (Duke of Illyria) Prof. F. E. Weiss. 
 
 Sir Toby Belch (Uncle to Olivia) Mr. L. Savatard. 
 
 Sir Andrew Aguecheek (A foolish Knight) ... Dr. F. J. H. Coutts. 
 Malvolio (Steward to Olivia) ... ... Mr. Thomas Seccombe. 
 
 Fabian \ , c Mr. P. J. Hartog. 
 
 Clown j (Servants to Olivia) | Mr. William Lawrence. 
 
 Olivia (A rich Countess) Miss F. M. Kirk. 
 
 Viola ... ... ... ... ... Miss Josephine Laidler. 
 
 Maria (Olivia's Woman) Miss Catherine I. Dodd. 
 
 c Miss A. T. Chisholm. 
 Attendants on Olivia | Miss K M . Phillips. 
 
 Curio (Attendant on the Duke) Miss A. W. Woodcock. 
 
 Musician (Attendant on the Duke, with Harp Solos) Miss Faith Nunn. 
 
 The scenes were divided by means of appropriate songs given by Dr. 
 Carroll's Glee Club, and the performance itself was introduced by a 
 prologue, written by Mr. Hartog, and gracefully spoken by Mrs. Tout, 
 from which the following extract may be quoted as a fitting con- 
 clusion to the record of the preliminary Jubilee celebrations of the 
 session 1900—1901. 
 
 It is our Jubilee ; our Founder's name 
 Then first from our obedient lips doth claim 
 Just homage. Could thy grave spirit, Owens, see 
 The monument to thought and liberty 
 
30 JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS AT 
 
 That thou didst dream, and thy great-hearted friend 
 
 More clear conceived, and fashioned to its end, 
 
 Thou might'st indeed rejoice. Not stone but fire, 
 
 The beacon-flame of truth that doth aspire, 
 
 This was the monument of thy desire. 
 
 Proud Manchester, great thoughts upon thy soil, 
 
 Amid the myriads that spin and toil 
 
 Grow fruitful. Here chemistry was born anew, 
 
 And Physics' widest law came first to view. 
 
 Thou taught'st the world in Commerce to be free, 
 
 Thou stand'st for leading, light, and liberty. 
 
 And in thy heart of hearts there lie enshrined 
 
 The names of Owens, Faulkner, close entwined. 
 
 And Ashton, Whitworth, Beyer, Rylands, these, 
 
 The captains of our giant industries, 
 
 The strenuous helpers of a strenuous town, 
 
 Have they not earned, unsought, a like renown 1 
 
 I speak but of the dead ; and now of him 
 
 For whom sad eyes with recent tears are dim. 
 
 Christie, thou loved'st with such tenderness, 
 
 Thy princely gifts must still appear as less 
 
 Than thy affection in our memory ; 
 
 And dying, thou hast left what shall not die. 
 
 Our alma mater, at thy unspoke hest 
 
 Each one that serves thee gives thee of his best. 
 
 The joys of Learning, Duty's solemn care, 
 
 Our chiefs first taught, by high example fair. 
 
 And then he came, the scholar and the man, 
 
 Whose guidance lasted all too brief a span. 
 
 Now Themis rules the fortunes of our College, 
 
 Law lights the thorny path that leads to knowledge ; 
 
 We welcome her no less in play than work, 
 
 She here forbids but one thing — 'tis to shirk ! 
 
 Jubilee Publications. 
 
 The Jubilee has also been marked by three printed publications, 
 widely differing in scope and subject, but one in their ultimate aim 
 of contributing to the interest and value of the jubilee celebrations. 
 
THE OWENS COLLEGE. 31 
 
 Iu the first place, there appeared, in 1899, " The Owens College, 
 Manchester : A Brief History of the College and Description of its 
 Various Departments," edited by P. J. Hartog, B.Sc. (Lond. and 
 Vict.), etc. It owed its origin, in part, as the preface states, " to a 
 request from the Committee of the Education Exhibition, held in 
 London in January, 1899, that the authorities of the Owens College 
 should furnish an account of the institution for that Exhibition and 
 for the Paris Exhibition, to which it was preliminary ; in part, to the 
 desire of the authorities of the College for a record of its development 
 and present condition in celebration of its Jubilee." 
 
 Early in the session 1901—2 a special issue of the Oivens College 
 Union Magazine was published, under the title of the " Owens 
 College Jubilee." It contained articles by the Principal of the 
 College, Dr. Wilkin s, Dr. Ward, Sir Henry Roscoe, Professor Boyd 
 Dawkins, the Dean of the Medical Faculty, Mr. Alderman Thompson, 
 and Mr. George Harwood, among many others of the highest interest. 
 It also embodied a full record of the celebrations already accom- 
 plished, and was adorned with numerous pictures of the College 
 buildings, and with portraits of some of its most distinguished 
 members, past and present. 
 
 Lastly, there appeared shortly before the actual date of the 
 Jubilee a volume of essays emanating from members of the History 
 School, and edited by Professors T. F. Tout, M.A., and James 
 Tait, M.A. It was styled Historical Essays by members of the 
 Oivens College, Manchester, published in commemoration of its 
 Jubilee, and was published by Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. 
 

The Owens College Jubilee. 
 
 THE BISHOPS SERMON 
 
 THE OPENING OF THE WHITWORTH HALL 
 
 THE CONVERSAZIONE 
 
 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES AND DEGREE 
 CEREMONY 
 
 THE STAFF DINNER 
 
 THE TORCHLIGHT PROCESSION AND SMOKING 
 CONCERT 
 
The Bishop's Sermon. 
 
 The celebrations of the Jubilee were fittingly prefaced by a 
 commemoration service held in the Cathedral on Sunday, March 9th. 
 Nearly all the members of the College were present, as well as a 
 large number of old students, and academic dress was worn. The 
 Bishop of Manchester, who preached the sermon, was accompanied 
 by his domestic chaplain (Rev. A. J. Woodhouse), and the other 
 clergy present were the Dean, Canon Kelly, Canon Hicks, Rev. J. A. 
 Winstanley (Precentor), and Rev. C. W. Parnell (Clerk in Orders). 
 Dr. Kendrick Pyne officiated at the organ, the service being Garrett 
 in D, and the anthem Goss's " Praise the Lord, my soul." The 
 first lesson was read by Principal Hopkinson, and the second by the 
 Dean. 
 
 The Bishop preached from St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans i. 20 
 — " For the invisible things of Him since the creation of the world are 
 clearly seen, being perceived through the things that are made." 
 He said : " It has sometimes been said, and I suspect more frequently 
 felt, that the extension of knowledge is unfriendly to religious faith. 
 An eminent American has, we know, written a book on ' The Conflict 
 between Science and Religion.' I venture, however, to think that 
 the real conflict has not been between science and religion, but rather 
 between scientific men and religious men. Conflict has arisen when, 
 on the one side, there has been a lack of breadth and humility, or, 
 on the other, of thoughtfulness and charity. Historically speaking, 
 religious men were, no doubt, the first offenders; but in later times 
 scientific men have sometimes rushed into attack and protest because 
 they have failed to realise the limitation of their knowledge. 
 
 " Speaking broadly, conflicts of this kind should be impossible, 
 if for no other reason, for this— that science knows nothing but 
 phenomena, while the proper objects of religious faith are those 
 eternal realities which underlie phenomena. This, however, like 
 many other general statements, is one which cannot be accepted 
 without limitations. For, undoubtedly, the forms under which the 
 
36 THE BISHOP'S 
 
 historical religions are expressed are themselves phenomenal, and so 
 subject faith to scientific criticism. We cannot, therefore, hope that 
 all conflict between religious and scientific men will cease until the 
 true scope of religious truth be more clearly and generally recognised. 
 But while not venturing to hope that all antagonism between the 
 men of knowledge and the men of faith will be brought to an end at 
 once, I do believe that as the years go by religious men will perceive 
 that all real advances in scientific knowledge are friendly and not 
 hostile to religion. For scientific knowledge, when it is thorough — 
 when it is pushed to the furthest attainable limit, — produces two 
 results. First, it reveals to a man the limitations of the human 
 mind — the fixed boundaries beyond which it is hopeless for us to try 
 to pass. And, secondly, it brings a scientific man so close to the august 
 realities of being that he can almost discern their majestic presence 
 and feel the mighty touch of their influence. Long before the 
 heavens were so open a script of the Divine wisdom as they are to us 
 a Psalmist had affirmed — 
 
 ' The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament 
 sheweth His handiwork. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night 
 unto night sheweth knowledge.' 
 
 We cannot add a grace to the beauty of these words; but, ah! how 
 much more profoundly can we realise their truth. When we think 
 of the mighty force which reaches into the depths of infinity, of the 
 close and orderly relations which bind sun to satellite and planet to 
 planet, that wherever we have plumbed the depths of space we find 
 worlds, and wherever worlds law — a rule and order which none may 
 break or transgress, — we feel impelled to cry, with Kepler, ' I have 
 seen the hand of God in the heavens,' and to say with a new 
 emphasis, ' The undevout astronomer is mad.' 
 
 " Nor is it only in the heavens that we feel ourselves forced, as it 
 were, into the presence of what is greater than we can know. 
 Following humbly in the footsteps of the physicist and chemist, as 
 they plunge further and further into the arcana of inorganic 
 existence, we find ourselves brought at last into the presence of 
 mysteries so awful that instinctively we bow the head and uncover 
 
COMMEMORATION SERMON. 37 
 
 the feet. Everywhere, as before, there is law, but everywhere also 
 there is mystery. If we are to think of the very atoms of matter that 
 they are only vortex rings of ether, and of the forces of light and 
 heat and electricity that they are only the effects of the vibration of 
 ether, we find ourselves in a simply etherial world, throbbing with 
 orderly forces ; and we are impelled to ask, What is ether ? What is 
 the force which twisted it into vortex rings, and what are the 
 impulses which throb along its infinite fields and fill our ears with 
 the thunder of their march? A cause of these things somewhere 
 there must be, and a cause adequate to the production of these 
 tremendous effects. It is the same when we take the biologist for our 
 leader. For what are all his cells but arrangements of organised 
 ether, and what are all his electrical potencies but vibrations of 
 unorganised ether? Again, when we come into the higher reaches 
 of life and are confronted by the new phenomena of instinct and 
 intelligence, the question inevitably arises, How did these originate, 
 and by what power are they continued ? The problem of instinct is 
 specially interesting and instructive. How, for instance, is it that 
 the little arcella acts as if it understood the hydrostatic law that the 
 sustaining power of water is exactly equal to the weight of the water 
 displaced by a body immersed in it? The arcella is a tiny bit of 
 protoplasm without a trace of brain or nervous system. Can the 
 arcella think? And if not, where are resident the knowledge and 
 purpose implied in its action ? Can we come to any other conclusion 
 than that of a great naturalist, that the mind of instinct is God ? 
 
 " Perhaps, however, the most startling revelation with which 
 science surprises us is that made by the science of psychology. Here 
 we are at once startled by the declaration that we know nothing as 
 it is, but only as it has been modified by passing through our con- 
 sciousness. Directly, indeed, our states of consciousness are all 
 which we know. Before, for instance, we can know anything of the 
 outside world, that world must have influenced us through the avenue 
 of sensation. By thought and experience we arrive at the conclusion 
 that all the impressions of the outside world end in the vibration of 
 the nervous molecules of our brain, but of these we know nothing 
 directly. We only know directly the sensations of light, heat, and 
 
38 THE BISHOP'S 
 
 sound into which by some inward powers they are transformed. 
 How, by what power, and in what manner they suffer this trans- 
 formation we cannot tell. All we can say is that when certain cerebral 
 vibrations are excited from without we are so constituted that we can 
 and we must so transform them. But who or what gave us such a 
 constitution? Who or what so fashioned us that we must place all 
 the objects of our knowledge in a setting of time and space? "Who 
 or what gave us those powers of ratiocination in virtue of which we 
 can observe the relations and successions of our states of consciousness 
 and thence deduce those rules of their succession which we call laws 
 of nature ? We know nothing as it is ; we only know the whole vast 
 round of cosmical changes as they have been modified by the con- 
 ditions of our consciousness. All truth, all beauty, all righteousness 
 is partly the product of our own inherent powers. Whence, then, 
 did these come, how are they sustained, what is the secret of their 
 continuity, their growth, their failure? We not only come in 
 mystery and depart in mystery, but we live in mystery and are our- 
 selves the greatest mystery of all. Watching thus the march of 
 sensations, thoughts, and determinations across the stage of con- 
 sciousness, a thoughtful man is well-nigh driven to the conclusion 
 that he came from God, that he lives in God, and will go to God. For 
 what power less than divine could fashion this human soul, this 
 mirror of the world, this source and arbiter of the true, the beautiful, 
 and the good ? . 
 
 " These are only some of the reasons why I think that growth in 
 knowledge is growth in reverence, that enlargement of the mental 
 outlook and inlook will naturally bring a man to the feet of God. 
 I have said nothing of the study of history, of that ebbing and flowing 
 of empire in sensitive response to moral changes, which produces the 
 inevitable conviction that in this human world of ours there is a 
 power not ourselves which makes for righteousness. But such a 
 study of the history of man will produce, I am sure, two convictions 
 — that there is in the hearts of men, of all men, of the men of all 
 races and times, first, a sense of dependence; and, secondly, an in- 
 tuition of hope. I call these instincts — religious instincts if you 
 will — for they show themselves everywhere and under all circum- 
 
COMMEMORATION SERMON. 39 
 
 stances. They do not depend on knowledge — however an enlarged 
 knowledge may deepen and refine them — but show themselves equally 
 in the ignorant and the wise, in the savage and the civilised. The 
 instinct of dependence on some One higher and greater is the source 
 of all religions and of all worships, the spring of all rituals, the 
 foundation of all temples, the impulse of all prophets and seers. It 
 is the voice of God in the heart of man. It is the still small voice 
 which whispers of the nearness of the Divine — of a stay, of a comfort, 
 and of a love for weary and terror-stricken men. And so the instinc- 
 tive hope of something better to come — if not here, then elsewhere — 
 is the spring of that expectation of immortality which has left its 
 mark and its utterance equally in the barrow of the savage and on the 
 tombstone of the Christian. Are these religious instincts weakened 
 by the growth of knowledge ? Nay, rather are they strengthened in 
 a thousand ways. By revealing the wondrous worth and dignity of 
 the human soul science increases indefinitely the probability of its 
 continuance and of its independence of the mere accident of bodily 
 death. And not less by leading the mind nearer to the heart of 
 things — by attenuating, so to speak, that veil of appearance which 
 shrouds the Divine Infinite Reality— it enables men to lay hold of 
 the cable of that anchor of the soul which lies within the veil — it 
 verifies the feeling of a bond between man and God — it gives voice to 
 prayer and strength to faith, and that uplifting of the heart which 
 responds to the thought of love. 
 
 " I do not say that any growth of knowledge, however great, 
 would give us the full-orbed revelation of the Father which was 
 furnished by the Incarnation of His Son. But already by suggesting 
 that God is immanent in His creation as well as transcendent, that by 
 successive acts of self-limitation He expressed Himself more and 
 more fully in physical, chemical, vital, and psychical phenomena, it 
 has prepared us to conceive at least that last and greatest act of self- 
 limitation by which the Divine Son concealed His Deity, thus leaving 
 full play for the forces of the human life which is our fullest revela- 
 tion of the divine. Enlarged knowledge will not, it is true, make a 
 man a Christian. Only faith in the Lord Jesus Christ can do that. 
 But at least it can make the most tremendous truth of our holy faith 
 
40 THE OPENING OF 
 
 conceivable, and show it in full harmony with the great order of the 
 worlds and the greater wonder of human life. The possession of 
 larger knowledge makes it easier at least for a thoughtful man to be 
 a Christian, and it adds an ever-deepening meaning to those wonder- 
 ful words of St. John, ' There was the true light, which lighteth every 
 man coming into the world. . . . And the Word became flesh and 
 dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, glory as of the only 
 begotten from the Father, full of grace, and truth.' To you, then, 
 who are teachers in Owens College I would say, set yourselves to 
 teach the truth in every department of human thought. Teach it 
 clearly, fully, fearlessly, knowing that there is no enemy of truth 
 but darkness, and that you are then most surely doing His will, who 
 is * the light of the world,' when you are seeking to dispel that 
 darkness." 
 
 The hymns sung before and after the sermon were " C) God, our 
 help in ages past," and " Let saints oh earth in concert sing." 
 
 The Opening of the Whitworth Hall. 
 
 The doors of the Hall were opened at ten o'clock on Wednesday 
 morning, and those who had been invited to witness the opening 
 ceremony were requested to be in their seats by a quarter to eleven. 
 A company of robed stewards, holding their white wands of office, 
 did good service in showing visitors to their appointed seats, and by 
 eleven o'clock the Hall was filled save for the space reserved for the 
 members of the procession. The body of the Hall was occupied 
 mainly by visitors of distinction, whose academic and official dress 
 lent the scene brilliance and variety. The galleries at the back of 
 the Hall were occupied by women students, and those near the organ 
 by a choir of thirty students under the direction of Dr. Carroll. Dr. 
 Kendrick Pyne presided at the organ. 
 
 Meanwhile the undergraduate element, conspicuous by its absence 
 in the Hall, was making its presence largely evident in the 
 quadrangle, which was entirely given up to the students except for 
 
THE WHITWORTH HALL. 41 
 
 the three grand stands occupied by visitors. The College Volunteer 
 Company, under the command of Captain Thorburn, was drawn up 
 in the quadrangle, ready to form a guard of honour when the royal 
 persons should appear. The morning was somewhat damp and 
 gloomy as regards weather, but it was enlivened by the witticisms of 
 undergraduates, hurled untiringly and unblushingly at high and low 
 alike, by the laughter of appreciative spectators, and by the spirited 
 selections played by the 2nd V.B.M.R. Band, under the leadership of 
 Mr. Bampton. Many were the jokes perpetrated by the students in 
 gowns on their fellows in uniform, who most admirably preserved a 
 military stolidity of countenance, and unceasing was the banter that 
 all who came within undergraduate ken had to undergo. 
 
 The Prince and Princess of Wales, who were accepting the 
 hospitality of Lord Derby at Knowsley, reached Manchester at half- 
 past ten, and drove to the College by way of London Road, Brunswick 
 Street, Upper Brook Street, and Dover Street. 
 
 On entering the quadrangle, the Prince and Princess were greeted 
 with a loud and loyal welcome on the part of the students. They 
 were officially received by the Governors, the Senate, and the 
 Principal of the College. Mr. J. C. Smyth, senior secretary of the 
 Owens College Union, presented the Princess with a beautiful 
 bouquet of red and white roses, which, with their green leaves, 
 formed a fragrant display of the new College colours. 
 
 The Principal, with the Princess, led the way to the Christie 
 Library, where Mr. E. J. Broadfield, Sir Frank Forbes Adam, Mr. E. 
 Donner, Prof. Wilkins, Prof. Reynolds, and Prof. Young were pre- 
 sented to their Royal Highnesses. A short time was spent in inspect- 
 ing some of the most interesting features of the Library, and at a 
 quarter to twelve the Prince and Princess were ready to adjourn to 
 the Whitworth Hall. A procession was formed, which walked to the 
 Hall by way of the quadrangle — where another hearty greeting was 
 accorded — in the following order : — 
 
 THE TEACHING STAFF OF THE COLLEGE : 
 
 Dr. C. H. Lees, Mr. A. D. Cotton, Dr. C. W. Saberton, Mr. W. T. 
 Maccall, Mr. J. E. Piatt, Mr. R. C. Wale, Dr. W. E. Fothergill, Mr. F. 
 
42 THE OPENING OF 
 
 Howson, Dr. H. H. Broome, Dr. J. Scott, Dr. J. F. Corson, Mr. T. M. 
 Jones, Mr. J. Lord, Dr. A. E. Finney, Dr. It. A. Needham, Dr. E. 
 J. Sidebotham, Dr. Lasker, Dr. G. "Wilson, Mr. N. Smith, Mr. F. 
 
 F. Laidlaw, Mr. It. S. Hutton, Dr. L. Bottomley, Mr. D. L. Chapman, 
 Dr. J. F. Thorpe, Mr. A. E. Taylor, Dr. F. C. Moore, Dr. F. W. 
 Gamble, Dr. It. T. Williamson, Dr. G. H. Bailey, Mr. L. E. Kastner, 
 Dr. F. V. Darbishire, Dr. O. V. Darbishire, Dr. W. T. Lawrence, Dr. 
 W. A. Bone, Mr. It. Beattie, Mr. W. C. Summers, Dr. A. W. W. Lea, 
 Mr. C. B. Dewhurst, Mr. P. J. Hartog, Mr. F. T. Swanwick, Mr. It. F. 
 Gwyther, Mr. J. B. Millar, Mr. A. Valghnigli, Dr. C. Atkinson, Mr. 
 A. Brodsky, Dr. C. H. Preston, Mr. J. P. Headridge, Dr. J. Niven, 
 Mr. D. Headridge, Mr. A. Grant, Mr. G. G. Campion, Mr. T. F. 
 Byrne, Mr. T. Tanner, Dr. Lloyd lloberts, Dr. H. Hiles, Dr. H. 
 Watson, Dr. E. S. Iteynolds, Mr. H. W. Hogg, Mr. A. J. Sargent, Dr. 
 J. Collier, Dr. Milligan, Dr. Harris, Mr. G. 0. Whittaker, Dr. H. A. 
 
 G. Brooke, Mr. J. Tait, Dr. C. E. Glascott, Dr. Graham Steell, Dr. 
 G. W. Mould, Dr. H. Ashby, the Librarian, the Principal of Daltou 
 Hall, the Director of the Museum, the Warden of Hulme Hall, the 
 Tutor of the Women's Department, and the Mistress of Method. 
 
 THE SENATE : 
 
 Professors Chapman, Wild, Southam, Kastner, Perkin, Dixon 
 Mann, Weiss, Delepine, Lamb, Young, Dreschfeld, Toller, Boyd 
 Dawkins, Herford, Wright, Johannson, Alexander, Seaton, Copinger, 
 Tout, Sinclair, Stirling, Strachan, Schuster, Core, Wilkins, and 
 Reynolds. 
 
 THE COURT OF GOVERNORS : 
 
 Dr. E. Hopkinson, Mr. Councillor Hesketh, Mr. E. Partington, 
 Mr. W. J. Crossley, Mr. J. E. King, Mr. Alderman King, Mr. T. 
 Gair Ashton, M.P., Mr. J. F. Cheetham, Mr. E. J. Broadfield, Sir J. 
 T. Hibbert (Chairman of the Lancashire County Council), Mr. A. H. 
 Worthington (Chairman of Convocation), Mr. Councillor Hibbert, 
 Mr. A. Emmott, M.P., Eev. A. McLaren, Sir F. Forbes Adam, Dr. J. 
 J. Thomson, Mr. E. T. Broadhurst, Mr. I. Levinstein, the Dean of 
 Manchester, Mr. N. Clegg, Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, Dr. H. Wilde, Mr. 
 G. W. Agnew, Mr. C. P. Scott, M.P., Mr. E. Donner, Sir W. H. 
 
THE WHITWORTH HALL. 43 
 
 Houldsworth, M.P., Rev. C. Scott, Mr. Alderman Walnisley, Mr. J. 
 P. Thomasson, Mr. A. Neild, the Secretary to the Council, the 
 Registrar of Victoria University, Prof. Hickson. With the 
 Governors were also Sir R. C. Jebb, M.P., of Cambridge University, 
 who was to address the gathering as the representative of Literature ; 
 Principal Rticker, of London University, the President of the British 
 Association and the special representative of Science; Sir G. G. 
 Stokes, of the Royal Society ; and Lord Strathcona. 
 
 The Principal of Owens College, the Chancellor of the Duchy of 
 Lancaster (Lord James of Hereford), the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop 
 of Manchester, the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor of Manchester, the 
 Chancellor of the University (Earl Spencer), the Treasurer of Owens 
 College (Mr. Alderman Thompson), the High Sheriff of Lancashire 
 (Mr. Bibby Hesketh), the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Lan- 
 caster (Earl of Derby), and the President of Owens College (the Duke 
 of Devonshire). 
 
 The Suite of their Royal Highnesses. 
 Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales. 
 Immediately behind the Prince and Princess were General 
 Swaine, the Countess of Airlie, and Sir Arthur Bigge. 
 
 As the procession made its way up the central aisle of the hall, 
 between lines of stewards, the audience remained seated until the 
 appearance of their Royal Highnesses, when all rose, and led by the 
 strains of the fine organ and the voices of the student choir, joined in 
 singing the National Anthem. The seats of the Prince and Princess 
 upon the platform were placed immediately to the right of that of 
 the Duke of Devonshire, who acted as chairman. Beyond the 
 Prince and Princess was the Lord Mayor, while Lord Spencer, Mr. 
 Alfred Hopkinson, and Mr. Alderman Thompson were on the 
 chairman's left. Cheer upon cheer of welcome rang out after the 
 singing of the National Anthem, and when these had ceased the 
 President rose to deliver the inaugural address. 
 
44 THE OPENING OF 
 
 The President's Speech. 
 
 " Your Royal Highness, my lords, ladies, and gentlemen, — 
 For reasons which are not very obvious, but which it would be waste 
 of time for me to attempt to explain, I have the honour of holding 
 the office of President of this College, the jubilee anniversary of 
 which we are about to celebrate by the opening of this great hall, 
 which has lately been added to this building. And in this capacity 
 it is my first duty to express, as I am sure I am warranted in doing, 
 in the names of the Governors, the Council, the teaching staff, and 
 the students of this College, their most respectful thanks to His lloyal 
 Highness the Prince of Wales for having done the College the honour 
 of paying this visit to-day on an occasion so interesting in its annals. 
 In performing this gracious act His lloyal Highness is following the 
 example of many members of his illustrious family. His Majesty the 
 King has always taken a deep interest in university education, and 
 it is only, I think, since his accession that he has resigned the office 
 of Chancellor of the University of Wales in favour of His Royal 
 Highness the Prince of Wales. And, although I do not think that 
 the name of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort was ever directly 
 associated with Owens College, yet I feel sure that its work, 
 resembling in so many respects that of the great German Universities 
 with which he was so well acquainted, would have commanded his 
 highest and deepest interest. 
 
 " Others better qualified to speak upon this subject will tell your 
 Royal Highnesses something of the history, the early difficulties, the 
 present work, and the assured success of this College. It is not 
 necessary for me to say more than that it has been by a singularly 
 fortunate combination of circumstances that that success, that now 
 assured success, has been achieved. The idea of its founder was to 
 provide in this great centre of industry (to use his own words) higher 
 education in such branches of learning and science as are usually 
 taught in the English universities. That was the original idea of the 
 founder of this College — education of the university type, such as 
 that which had prevailed at the old Universities of Cambridge and 
 
THE WH1TW0RTH HALL. 45 
 
 Oxford. But that was at a time when the character of that education 
 was rather of a classical, literary, and philosophical than scientific 
 type, and it is open to doubt whether if the directions of the founder 
 had been literally followed Owens College could within this half- 
 century have attained the success which it has done. There was one 
 distinction from the outset between this College and its predecessors. 
 It was, again to use the terms of the bequest of the founder, to be a 
 fundamental and immutable rule that the Governors, teachers, and 
 students of this College were to be subject to no religious test. But 
 for the exclusive policy which fifty years ago still prevailed at the 
 older universities, and excluded from the benefits of their teaching 
 almost all except the members of one religious denomination, and 
 but for the high cost of that education, which made it accessible to 
 few outside the wealthier classes, this idea might never have occurred 
 to the mind of Owens and his associates. It was, I think, a bold idea, 
 not to say an audacious idea, which prompted a man occupying no 
 high social station, possessed of no great fortune, a man who could 
 lay no claim to be numbered among the merchant or manufacturing 
 princes of Lancashire, a man whose fortune bore no comparison to 
 many of those which even at that period existed in this district — I 
 say it was a bold idea, as well as a generous idea, for the founder of 
 this College to conceive that by the appropriation of that moderate 
 fortune to an educational endowment he would lay the foundation of 
 an institution which in its intellectual results might rival those 
 which had been accomplished by the older and richer colleges of our 
 universities. 
 
 " Your Royal Highnesses will hear that this College could not have 
 been with advantage founded at an earlier period. For in its first 
 days it had a struggle for existence, and but for the energy and per- 
 severance of its first Governors and Council it might have succumbed 
 in its infancy. But the foundation of this College coincided nearly 
 in time with great discoveries in science, and at the same time with 
 inventions which provided the means of using those discoveries for 
 the purpose of industry, and it is these discoveries which have 
 stimulated the interest of this busy and active community in those 
 studies of natural science in which Owens College has been pre- 
 
46 THE OPENING OF 
 
 eminently distinguished. This is the interest to which, in the main, 
 Owens College has been indebted for its success. Students have no 
 doubt been attracted by the eminence of some of its teachers from 
 all parts of the country, but, in the main, students have been 
 drawn from Manchester and its immediate neighbourhood. They 
 have come here doubtless with the desire, with the hope, of acquiring 
 knowledge, that knowledge and training which would be of practical 
 use to them in the future occupations of life. But, at the same time, 
 Owens College has never been content to limit the range of its 
 teaching to one or two subjects or one set of subjects. It has never 
 been content to be merely a medical or a legal or a technical college, 
 but it has set before itself the aim of teaching — of a true university 
 type of teaching — which shall embrace all branches of knowledge. 
 And no doubt the existence of this centre of learning in the midst of 
 this busy and active community has created a demand for the 
 teaching of subjects which may contribute nothing to the creation 
 or the accumulation of wealth, but which do contribute immensely to 
 the rational enjoyment and employment of wealth, and thus, by a 
 process which could hardly have been foreseen by the founder of this 
 College, the aims of its founder have been more than realised, to the 
 great and lasting benefit, material, moral, and intellectual, of Man- 
 chester and the district in which it is situated." 
 
 The Address of the College. 
 
 Having concluded his address, the President called upon the 
 Principal of the College (Mr. Alfred Hopkinson) to read the address 
 of the College to the Prince. It was as follows : — 
 " May it please your Royal Highness, — 
 
 " We, the Governors, professors, and lecturers, associates and 
 students of Owens College, beg to tender to your Royal Highness our 
 most loyal and hearty welcome on the occasion of your visit to take 
 part in the commemoration of the foundation of our College and to 
 open the hall in which we now meet for the first time, and we desire 
 to express how greatly our happiness is enhanced by the fact that we 
 are also honoured by the gracious presence of Her Royal Highness 
 the Princess of Wales. 
 
THE WHITWORTH HALL. 47 
 
 " We watched with interest and admiration the progress which 
 your Royal Highnesses recently made through the dominions of our 
 Sovereign in all quarters of the glohe. We rejoiced to see how at 
 every place you visited your presence called forth the enthusiastic 
 expression of that loyalty which had grown in intensity throughout 
 the long and glorious reign of our late revered Queen, has continued 
 unabated in strength under our illustrious Sovereign King Edward 
 the Seventh, and has become more and more a bond of union amongst 
 all subjects of the Empire, however widely separated. 
 
 " We gladly call to mind the eloquent and inspiring words which, 
 on your return, you uttered in the metropolis of this kingdom, calling 
 for greater efforts on the part of the people of the mother country 
 to train up a population fitted to maintain its power and to extend 
 its usefulness — words which appealed especially to those who, like 
 ourselves, are engaged in the work of the advancement of knowledge, 
 and whose aim it is to educate the youth of the country so as to fit 
 them for their work in life, either in the practice of the various 
 professions or in commercial or industrial pursuits. 
 
 " We are grateful that your Royal Highness has been pleased to 
 participate in the commemoration to-day of our founders and bene- 
 factors. On this the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of our 
 College we desire to call to remembrance those by whose liberality 
 its buildings have been erected and its teaching endowed, the wise 
 counsellors who administered its affairs, our predecessors who taught 
 and carried on their researches within its walls, and the many 
 scholars who have gone forth from it to spread knowledge and to 
 render useful service in the world. Especially would we in this hall 
 commemorate the names, of Joseph Whitworth, who by his energy 
 and inventive genius so successfully applied the principles of science 
 to the practice of engineering, and amassed the wealth so much of 
 which has been devoted to the promotion of education and of art 
 with the greatest benefit to our city, and of Richard Copley Christie, 
 who by his scholarship dignified, by his counsels guided, and by his 
 wise administration of the property entrusted to him as well as by 
 his own generosity so greatly enriched and adorned our College. 
 
 " To your Royal Highnesses, and all members of the Royal 
 
48 THE OPENING OF 
 
 Family, we earnestly wish prosperity and happiness in every relation 
 of life, and continued success in the labours which you so graciously 
 undertake for the benefit of the nation. It will be gratefully 
 recorded in the annals of our College that on the day 
 when we commemorated what had been achieved by our 
 predecessors in the past, when we were favoured by having amongst 
 us representatives of literature and of science from so many universi- 
 ties and learned societies, and when we were looking forward with 
 hope to a time of extended usefulness and wider influence in the 
 future, we received the encouragement and enjoyed the distinguished 
 honour of the presence of the Heir to the Throne of the great Empire 
 which we all desire to serve." 
 
 The Prince's Reply. 
 
 Mr. Alderman Thompson then presented the Prince of Wales 
 with a golden key, and His Royal Highness rose to reply. His 
 reception was hearty in the extreme, and the hall rang again with 
 the cheers raised to welcome him. He said : 
 
 " My Lord Duke, my lords, and gentlemen, — It is a great pleasure 
 and an interesting experience for the Princess and myself to be here 
 to-day to join in the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the 
 foundation of Owens College, and to open this beautiful hall, which 
 is a lasting memorial to the munificence of him whose name will ever 
 be remembered as one of the greatest among the great men of 
 Manchester. The absence through illness of the architect, Mr. 
 Alfred Waterhouse, is, I am sure, a matter of regret to all of us here 
 to-day. We thank you for your hearty welcome, and for your kind 
 and sympathetic allusions to our recent colonial tour which are 
 contained in your address. 
 
 " On this first jubilee day of your College the question may be 
 fairly asked whether it has fulfilled the object of the founder. We 
 are told that his idea was to provide, in a great centre of population, 
 commerce, and industry, ' higher education in such branches of 
 learning and science as were usually taught in the English 
 universities.' Those who joined with Mr. Owens in this scheme 
 
THE WHITWORTH HALL. 49 
 
 recognised that in the great commercial centres there was both the 
 opportunity for and the need of something in the nature of real 
 university life. They were desirous of founding a college in which 
 everything should be taught which could be dignified by the name 
 of knowledge, and, faithful to the spirit of this trust, in spite of bad 
 times and, in earlier days, of many discouragements, those who have 
 developed her foundation have been loyal to the founder's ideal. A 
 college which after five years of its existence is reduced to 33 students 
 and can yet persevere in the path which was originally marked out, 
 which can now boast of 32 professors and over a thousand students, 
 has indeed earned a just right to celebrate with pride and satisfaction 
 its first jubilee. 
 
 " Perhaps the best proof of the wisdom of the policy adopted in 
 the case of Owens College is the fact that in nearly all the largest 
 towns of the country there have been founded during the last thirty 
 years colleges to a very large extent on similar lines. Owens College 
 has sent many teachers not only to these but to the old Universities 
 of Oxford and Cambridge. And we may also on this Jubilee day 
 take stock of those influences which have been instrumental in thus 
 successfully developing and carrying out the original scheme of the 
 founders. Will Owens College ever cease to venerate the names of 
 Owens, Beyer, Christie, Whitworth, and other noble benefactors to 
 whose munificence is chiefly due her creation, endowment, and 
 material prosperity? Can she ever be sufficiently grateful to those 
 great teachers and students who have not only by their genius and 
 force of intellect maintained in the College a high standard of 
 learning, but also by their personal example have helped to form the 
 characters and guide the lives of those who have been so fortunate 
 as to come under their influence? Amongst these former eminent 
 leaders two— Dr. Ward and Sir Henry Roscoe— -are, I am sorry to 
 say, prevented by illness from taking part in to-day's ceremony. 
 But great as have been these different forces in building up this vast 
 and important educational machinery, they would not be sufficient 
 without the strength and sustenance which has been secured by local 
 patriotism and local enthusiasm. Renowned as Manchester has 
 always been for a broad and generous municipal life, may we not ask 
 
50 OPENING OF 
 
 ourselves how far the spirit which has created and inspired that life 
 is due to the influence of Owens College; and, on the other hand, 
 would the College have had the courage to persevere in the path 
 marked out for it if it had not been sustained and aided by steady 
 municipal support? The presence on the governing body of the 
 representatives of the municipalities of Manchester and the 
 neighbouring towns so intimately associated with it should serve to 
 strengthen this mutual sympathy, to guide the College in its work 
 of elevation and culture, and at the same time to bring home 
 to the municipal authorities the importance of furthering to the 
 utmost of their power the development of the College. The work of 
 an institution of this nature must continually expand, and it must 
 not be forgotten that its material resources must also expand as the 
 work grows. 
 
 " I feel sure that Owens College may always count with confidence 
 upon a generous local municipal support to enable it to keep abreast 
 of the ever-growing demands of modern life, whether it be in the 
 arts, in science, or other departments of a liberal education. In 
 conclusion, I would call attention to the special effort recently made 
 to raise a fund to pay the amount of the indebtedness of the College, 
 which was very considerable, and to provide against the annual 
 deficit. In spite of the depression in trade this year and other 
 adverse causes, the fund now reaches £100,000. This is only enough 
 to carry on the existing work of the College without making the 
 additions to the staff and appliances which it is desirable should be 
 made. It would indeed be a matter of pride and satisfaction to us if 
 the outcome of to-day's proceedings were to be the wiping out of 
 this debt, and I am sure that Manchester men will not allow this 
 institution, of which they are justly proud, to suffer in any way 
 for want of funds, and that through the generosity of the well-wishers 
 and local friends of the College a permanent increase of the annual 
 income of the College will be secured. I am told that among the 
 arms emblazoned on the window which we face are those of the 
 benefactors of the College during the past half-century. You will, I 
 feel sure, join with me in hoping that before another fifty years 
 have passed away many more windows, bearing many more such 
 
THE WH1TW0RTH HALL. 51 
 
 significant heraldic records, may ornament this splendid building. 
 It only remains for me now to declare the Whitworth Hall open, 
 which I do with the greatest pleasure, and I heartily wish continued 
 success and prosperity to Owens College." 
 
 The Earl of Derby said : — 
 
 " I have the honourable distinction, I am afraid a little un- 
 deserved, to return thanks, as one of the Governors of this College, 
 to their Royal Highnesses for their kindness in coming amongst us 
 to-day. Not that I can hope for one moment to succeed in expressing 
 to their Royal Highnesses how deeply we feel this occasion. 
 Once more we have you amongst us, and once more your 
 Royal Highnesses have shown your willingness to take part 
 in the large interests and the life of a great community. 
 If we look back during the years of her late Majesty's 
 reign, nothing, it seems to me, will be more remarkable than that 
 which we have perhaps hardly sufficiently taken note of at the time, 
 but that which has become now an institution amongst us, one 
 which we hope will long flourish and prosper. Till within this last 
 quarter of a century, or, perhaps, a little more, the heir to the Throne, 
 the Prince of Wales of the day, was barred by constitution and by 
 custom from many of the duties which fall upon Englishmen. He 
 was debarred from any relation to politics, and obliged to restrict 
 himself within constitutional limits. , He had no especial duty to 
 fulfil, and circumstances of which his present Majesty took ample 
 advantage enabled him to create — I claim he did create — a part of 
 hardly secondary interest to that of the Sovereign in our Constitution. 
 His Royal Highness, his present Majesty, then Prince of Wales, 
 showed that he was at all times ready to sacrifice his own convenience 
 to visit any part of Her Majesty's dominions, and to further the 
 success of any public or beneficent object towards which the hearts of 
 the citizens might be deeply inclined. Whether we consider the 
 encouragement given to scientific and to literary meetings, or the 
 pains which His Royal Highness took to attend large commercial 
 and scientific gatherings, or the part that he took in great municipal 
 ceremonies, and, last but by no means least, the efforts which he 
 
52 OPENING OF 
 
 put forth for widening the extent and scope of her then Majesty's 
 dominions, we feel that his present Majesty the King created a part, 
 as the Prince of Wales, of which any Prince of England might well 
 be proud. To His Majesty's loyal subjects, — to none more than 
 to us in this county of Lancashire, it is a source of satisfaction and of 
 thankfulness to see that your Royal Highness is, I. may venture to 
 say in your presence, so successfully following the path which your 
 great father has marked out for you, and even in the short time in 
 which you have had anything approaching to official duties you have 
 amply profited by the occasion to confer benefits on the country. 
 You have traversed the world, accompanied by that gracious presence 
 which has enlightened so many and charmed so many. It was given 
 to your Royal Highness to pass round the extended dominions of this 
 country, and in every one of the colonies and dependencies visited to 
 carry away with you the hearty and heartfelt good wishes of all 
 with whom your Royal Highnesses came into contact. It is not 
 given to all to deal with multifarious subjects and to speak on 
 many different occasions with the tact and judgment and lucidity 
 with which we look back upon the Prince of Wales's utterances, 
 capped as they were, fitly capped, by the great speech which he made 
 at the Guildhall upon his return. He has discovered a new duty, 
 and whilst he took a message of goodwill and peace and affection to 
 His Majesty's most distant colonies, he brought back to us a message 
 that we were to be up and doing. This and similar halls are temples 
 in which science, literature, and those arts which make a great 
 country will in the future be taught. We hope that your Royal 
 Highnesses will carry away something of satisfaction with the cere- 
 monies which have taken place to-day." 
 
 Sir W. H. Houldsworth, M.P., said : — 
 
 " As one of the two remaining trustees of the original Owens 
 College, and as one of the oldest governors of the College in its 
 present form, it is with the very greatest pleasure that I second the 
 vote of thanks which has just been moved by Lord Derby. It is a 
 matter of the highest congratulation to us who have watched the 
 progress of the College for many years, and have taken part in its 
 
THE WH1TW0RTH HALL. 53 
 
 administration, to be present on this occasion when we celebrate its 
 Jubilee, and when we see this last magnificent addition to the 
 buildings which we have looked forward to for many years. 
 Reference has been made to the early days of the College, and I 
 suspect that there are very few in Manchester who even now realise 
 the difficulties that there were in the first few years in endeavouring 
 to carry out the great idea of the founder of the College. The time 
 was not then ripe for the appreciation of a College set in Manchester. 
 There was the greatest difficulty to get the community at that time 
 to understand what the idea of the founder was, and I think that a 
 debt of gratitude is OAving to those early pioneers, the Governors and 
 the staff of professors— by no means a large staff — who, in the face of 
 immense difficulties and immense disappointments in the first ten 
 years, persevered with the work, and determined that it should be 
 carried through if it was possible to do so. They have their reward. 
 There is one point which I think it is of importance to remember on 
 these occasions. It is not only that we owe a debt of gratitude to 
 those early administrators on the teaching staff for what they did in 
 the administration of the College; it is not only that we owe them a 
 debt of gratitude for the success they achieved ; but we owe them an 
 even greater debt of gratitude that they never for one moment 
 lowered the standard put forward by the founders of the College. 
 There were a great many temptations in those early years to lower 
 the standard in order to create a temporary success, but I am proud 
 to think that the standard was never lowered, and that we are 
 rewarded by having this College equipped and in a position to carry 
 out the highest form of higher education which it is possible to 
 conceive. I will not venture to intrude any longer on this audience, 
 but I should like to say that it is an additional encouragement to all 
 of us who are engaged in this work to feel now we have the sanction 
 and encouragement derived from the visit of your Royal Highnesses 
 on this occasion. I hope I do not presume too much in thinking that 
 your coming here to-day and the interest which you have shown in 
 this work is an indication that you recognise that it is not merely a 
 local institution, but that it is a work of national importance. I think 
 we may be very thankful to those who have preceded us ; and to no 
 
54 OPENING OF 
 
 one has this College been more indebted than to the donor of this 
 magnificent hall. It was not only in his later years that he came 
 forward most generously to assist the College in various ways, by the 
 gift of the library and of books, and in other ways, but he was 
 one of those early pioneers who fought through difficult days long 
 ago, and never lost interest in the work of this College. I think to 
 Mr. Christie the College is indebted as much as to any other man 
 for the position it occupies to-day." 
 
 The resolution was carried with much cheering. 
 
 llis Royal Highness said in reply : '■ — 
 
 " I am indeed grateful to my noble friend Lord Derby for the 
 much too kind and flattering terms he used in proposing this vote, 
 and I also wish to thank Sir William Houldsworth for the kind way 
 he seconded it. Both the Princess and I are indeed deeply touched 
 by the very hearty and enthusiastic way in which you have welcomed 
 us here in Manchester to-day. The attraction of the invitation to 
 take part in to-day's proceedings was threefold, for it enabled me 
 to become identified in some slight way with your College, it also 
 enabled me gladly to comply with the request conveyed by my friend 
 your noble president, and it gave me an opportunity of again visiting 
 Manchester accompanied by the Princess." 
 
 Sir Richard C. Jebb, M.P., Regius Professor of Greek in the Univer- 
 sity of Cambridge, followed with an address as the representative of 
 literature. " The jubilee of a famous College," he said, " is an 
 occasion of rejoicing; it is also a moment which invites us to look 
 back, and to survey, however rapidly, those fields of intellectual 
 activity in which the fame of the College has been won. The domain 
 of science, the domain of literature — these are, broadly speaking, the 
 two great fields which such a retrospect must traverse. It was the 
 hope of us all that to-day the task of saying a few words on the 
 studies of literature would have been performed by one who is 
 eminently qualified to speak for them, one who has borne a great part 
 
THE WHITWOKTH HALL. 55 
 
 in the history of Owens College, and whose presence to-day would 
 have been greeted by former colleagues and students, as by all friends 
 of the College, with affectionate and grateful cordiality. I refer to 
 Dr. Ward. It was with the keenest regret that he found himself 
 prevented from coming by an illness from which he is now, I am 
 happy to say, convalescent, though he is not as yet able to travel. To 
 stand in Dr. Ward's place is not to fill it, and his deputy on this 
 occasion can only ask for your indulgence. 
 
 " Fifty years ago the conception of the studies proper for a college 
 of the university type was somewhat different from what it now is. 
 Readers of that fascinating book, " The Life of Professor Huxley," 
 know that in 1851 the higher studies of science were still in their 
 days of storm and stress, so far as academic recognition was con- 
 cerned. In the academic ideal which then prevailed literature had 
 no rival, unless it was mathematics. The first two scholarships 
 founded in Owens College were the Victoria and the Wellington. 
 One was for classics, the other was for the study of the Greek Testa- 
 ment. Presently came science, conquering and to conquer. It may, 
 however, be said that from the beginning and throughout the history 
 of the College continuous efforts have been made to keep a just 
 balance between science and letters. How thoroughly successful 
 those efforts have been is shown by the present position of the College 
 on its literary side. That position is a strong one in each of the 
 literary departments — in classics, in English language and literature, 
 in modern and Oriental languages, in philosophy and in history. In 
 each of these Owens College can point to teachers, either now or 
 formerly on its staff, and to past students whose work has given 
 them a high rank in their respective branches of study, and whose 
 reputations, well known to their fellow-workers everywhere, redound 
 to the honour of their Ahna Mater. To one of these departments, 
 that of history, we owe the volume of historical essays which has 
 just been published in commemoration of the Jubilee, and the editors 
 can point to the interesting fact that sixteen out of the twenty essays 
 have been written by former students not upon the teaching staff. 
 There is a peculiar fitness in such a tribute, since Dr. Christie was 
 virtually the first professor of history. With his name, when we look 
 
56 OPENING OF 
 
 back upon the building up of literary studies in the College, we 
 naturally associate those of other pioneers in that work, such as Dr. 
 A. J. Scott, Professor Greenwood, Dr. Ward, Professor Stanley 
 Jevons, Professor Adamson, and others— distinguished men who 
 have had distinguished successors. To-day, then, when it holds 
 its Jubilee, Owens College can contemplate with a just 
 satisfaction the past achievements of its teachers and students 
 in literature. And to-day we think also of the future. 
 Will it be more difficult in the future than it has been in the 
 past to maintain the approximate equipoise between literature and 
 science which has hitherto been characteristic of the College ? 
 It is natural and right that in the newer universities and colleges of 
 England a very large place, we might say a predominant place, 
 should be assigned to scientific, technical, and professional studies. 
 That has been so here; it will doubtless continue to be so. But the 
 representatives of those studies would themselves, I believe, be the 
 first to desire that a due place should also be reserved for those liberal 
 studies which are more distinctively called humane. 
 
 " There is a demand at the present time for utility in education — 
 a demand which has been quickened by a sense of its importance to 
 the industrial and commercial interests of the country. Efforts are 
 now being made, I believe, to establish, in connection with Owens 
 College, a school of commerce, in which the study of economics and 
 economic history would find a place, a school which should be at once 
 theoretical and practical; and the wonderful variety of commercial 
 energies in Manchester is evidently favourable to such a project. 
 That will be another opportunity for the College to perform one of 
 the functions which more especially devolve on a great college placed 
 in a great centre of commerce— -viz., to interpret aright the meaning 
 of utility in regard to the higher education. The most truly useful 
 studies are not those which merely impart facts having an immediate 
 application to a particular calling, but those which draw out thinking 
 powers and discipline the intelligence. When the faculties of the 
 mind have been trained, when a man has been not merely instructed 
 but educated, special and technical training can be acquired 
 more quickly and also more effectually. 
 
THE WH1TW0RTH HALL. 57 
 
 " Even those studies of literature which are sometimes regarded 
 as the luxuries rather than the necessaries of culture have a practical 
 value of a very direct kind, when they develop those qualities of 
 character and intellect which help people to understand each other, 
 and to work together with good-will for high ends. No country has 
 less excuse than England for neglecting literature. The literature 
 of our own language, which already counts so many centuries, is 
 singularly rich and varied. It has expressed, and worthily, every 
 phase of our national life and thought; and among its peculiar 
 felicities is this, that at every period of its long course it has received 
 some of its nohlest ornaments from men of action, from men versed 
 in the conduct of great affairs. It is not, therefore, to students alone 
 or to men of leisure, but also to men and women engaged in the 
 practical business of life, whatever their special work may be, that 
 those who plead for literature may appeal. They plead for studies 
 which cultivate the imagination and educate the emotions ; which, by 
 enriching the memory and fancy, also enlarge the whole mental 
 horizon; which enhance the happiness and raise the dignity of 
 human existence : and to-day we may express the fervent hope that 
 in the time to come those studies may continue to flourish in this 
 College, which has hitherto fostered them with s,Mch eminent success, 
 and with such excellent results both for this great city and for the 
 country at large." 
 
 Dr. A. W. Eiicker, D.Sc, F.R.S., Principal of the University of 
 London, next gave an address as the representative of science. " It 
 is seldom so easy," he said, " to fix a definite date for the beginning 
 of a great movement as in the case of that which is marked by the 
 foundation of the Owens College. It was the year 1851 in which 
 this country, under the auspices of Her late Majesty and the Prince 
 Consort, called together all the other nations of the world to admire 
 the perfection of our manufactures as exhibited in the Great 
 Exhibition. The historian of the future may be pardoned if he 
 searches for evidence that amid that exhibition of a proud pre- 
 dominance in the industrial arts some far-seeing minds looked forward 
 to and were even beginning to prepare for a time when their sons 
 
58 OPENING OF 
 
 would be engaged in a struggle to retain industrial pre-eminence far 
 keener than that by which their fathers had won it. If he does so 
 he may find some evidence in favour of an affirmative answer in the 
 fact that a few months before the Great Exhibition was inaugurated 
 a college was opened in a great manufacturing town, a college which 
 was destined to be the pioneer in bringing university education to 
 the doors of provincial homes, and to play a great part in providing 
 that higher technical instruction which is now recognised as essential 
 to the success of a manufacturing nation. It is unnecessary to dilate 
 upon the characteristics of our older universities, but the very air of 
 aloofness and withdrawal from the world which, in my opinion, is not 
 a sign of weakness but rather strengthens their influence and adds to 
 their charm, leaves room for a university of another kind, for a 
 university dwelling not in a picturesque country town, but where the 
 pillar of cloud by day and the glare by night show where the people 
 are gathered together not to rest but to toil. Of such a university 
 college the Owens College was in this country the first example. Of 
 such a university the Victoria University is the type, and it has nobly 
 fulfilled the two functions of a university. It has not only directed 
 the education of the youth ; it has also, by adding to our knowledge, 
 taught mankind. 
 
 " A great work like this could only be accomplished by men 
 of exceptional ability, and the Owens College has from the beginning 
 been wonderfully fortunate in attracting to itself the lifework and 
 the affection of men worthy of the great task which it had in hand. 
 Among its first professors was the late Sir Edward Frankland, who 
 afterwards achieved one of the highest honours open to a man of 
 science in that he was admitted to the select band of eight whom the 
 French Academy of Sciences honours with its foreign membership. 
 To him succeeded Sir Henry Roscoe, whose absence we all deplore, 
 and none more than the members of the deputation from the 
 University of London, though our sorrow is mixed with rejoicing 
 that he has emerged scatheless from his late dangerous illness. 
 Fresh from the laboratory of Bunsen, he introduced into Manchester 
 the spirit and the methods of the great Continental schools of 
 chemistry. For many years his laboratory was the centre of 
 
THE WH1TW0RTH HALL. 59 
 
 chemical teaching in England. Through him and his pupils the 
 influence of Owens College has been visible in the creation of 
 chemical laboratories of a distinctly English type. At Leeds, in 
 the great laboratories which are now being built at South Kensington, 
 and elsewhere we might recognise the lineal descendants of the 
 Owens College. Time would fail me if I were to attempt to go 
 through the catalogue of the distinguished men who have been 
 professors here. The gentle and saintly Balfour Stewart, 
 whose goodness was only equalled by his knowledge, and who 
 won for Owens College the position, which his successor has worthily 
 maintained, of being a great centre of the study of the obscure 
 phenomena of terrestial magnetism; Williamson, who for years 
 sent a series of important papers to the Royal Society on the fossils 
 of coal; Prof. Milnes Marshall, who gathered the students around 
 him not only in the lecture-room but in the playing-field ; and many 
 others have made the Owens College what it is. 
 
 " But an institution is to be measured not only by the men who 
 have worked in it but by the men whom it has sent out into the 
 world. There is no work more characteristic of a great university 
 of the present day than that the teachers should gather round them 
 students who have already taken their degrees elsewhere. Few have 
 been more successful in this than Professor J. J. Thomson, of Cam- 
 bridge, and he first learnt his art in the Owens College. Again, a 
 modern university aims at uniting the study of pure science and the 
 application of science to industry. No man has stood more prominently 
 before the world as happily uniting in his own person great scientific 
 knowledge and great industrial capacity than the late John Hopkinson 
 — and he came from your own laboratories. Another mark of the 
 scientific progress of to-day is that the governments of the world 
 are waking up to the fact that if a full use is not made of science 
 no nation can hope to keep in the van. A man was wanted to 
 illustrate this by taking the post of Principal Chemist to the 
 English Government, and the man found was Dr. Thorpe, for long a 
 student and assistant in the Owens College. Both within and 
 without these walls the Owens College has thus influenced the life, 
 not only of Manchester but of the nation, and I may perhaps be 
 
60 OPENING OF 
 
 allowed to add that as President of the British Association, as a 
 member of the delegacy of the University of London, I may in the 
 name of both those bodies hail the Owens College as at once a great 
 school of pure science and a great centre of technical knowledge. 
 One personal note may perhaps conclude what I have to say. In 
 my own earlier days, when I was a professor at Leeds, I was 
 frequently in Manchester, and the friendships I then formed, the 
 influence which the tone of Owens College exercised on myself, are 
 among the happiest recollections of my life." 
 
 Sir Frank Forbes Adam, who replied on behalf of the College, 
 said : — 
 
 " May it please your Royal Highnesses, my Lords, Ladies, and 
 Gentlemen, the honour has fallen to me as one of the youngest 
 members of the Council of the College, if not in years at any rate in 
 length of service rendered, to express our sincere and heartfelt thanks 
 to Sir Richard Jebb and Dr. Riicker for their interesting, instructive, 
 and altogether admirable speeches. Our illustrious guests and other 
 speakers have traced the history of the College— the one in the 
 department of arts and literature, the other in the field of science — 
 from the first early runnings and small beginnings gradually through 
 the years of hopes and fears, of successes and achievements, of checks 
 and disappointments, of growth and development up to the present 
 great and important celebration. What they have said has not only 
 been a just compliment to, and high appreciation of, those who 
 administered the College in the past ; but their words have also been 
 full of stimulation, suggestion, and encouragement to those who are 
 charged with the guidance of the present and who will have to direct 
 the future. Building on the sure foundations laid by our pre- 
 decessors, following on the lines marked out by them, inspired by 
 their example, we may confidently look forward to still further 
 expansion and progress till we attain to that perfected, complete, 
 all-embracing ideal that will enable us to offer to the most capable 
 youth of Manchester and surrounding towns and districts, of neigh- 
 bouring counties, and perhaps from a wider and more distant circle 
 the opportunity of obtaining a final and crowning intellectual 
 
THE WHITWORTH HALL. 61 
 
 training and equipment — a training that will qualify them to fulfil 
 in every department of life's activities their duty to themselves, their 
 county, and the United Kingdom, and to contribute to the strength 
 and permanent supremacy of that Empire which is the wonder and, 
 alas, the envy of the world. Your Royal Highness, on a recent 
 memorable occasion, as we have been reminded to-day, 
 admonished the nation that it must educationally " wake up." We 
 in the North of England have taken that warning to heart, and in 
 thanking Sir Richard Jebb and Dr. Riicker for decorating this 
 ceremony by their presence, and for their eloquent and learned 
 addresses, which will be treasured in our archives, I think I may 
 venture to promise on the part of the authorities of Owens College 
 that they will leave no stone unturned, no effort untried, so far as 
 is within their power, to provide what is best and highest, most suit- 
 able, useful, and effective for that province of the King's dominions 
 wherein their work and duty lie." 
 
 With this concluded the formal proceedings of the morning. 
 " God bless the Prince of Wales " was sung, and the procession left 
 the hall, accompanied by the cheers of the audience. 
 
 The Conversazione. 
 
 The Conversazione in the evening of Wednesday, March 12th, 
 was a gathering of unusual interest, and formed, too, the 
 largest social function ever given under College auspices. The 
 guests, who numbered about five thousand, were received by the 
 President of the College (His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.G.) 
 from 8-30 to 9-30, at the head of the grand staircase, whence they 
 proceeded into the Whitworth Hall. There a brilliant scene 
 presented itself, for the beautiful lighting of the Hall, its graceful 
 proportions, and the diversity of academic, military and evening 
 dresses combined to make the scene one of unwonted splendour. 
 There were present most of the delegates from universities and 
 learned societies, many of the benefactors of the College, and nearly 
 
62 THE CONVERSAZIONE 
 
 all the staff and students. The whole College (the Medical School 
 alone excepted) was thrown open for the inspection of its guests, and 
 some idea of the various sources of entertainment provided can be 
 gained from the appended list of exhibits : — 
 
 The Chemical Laboratories. 
 
 The Chemical Lecture Theatre, the rooms on the bottom corridor, 
 and the Chemical Laboratories were open. 
 
 Rooms on the Bottom Corridor. 
 
 room a. (Entrance.) 
 Manufacture of Silver Lustre Ware. 
 Exhibit of Silver Lustre Ware. 
 Silver Mirrors. 
 Glass Blowing. 
 Experiments on the Decomposition of Steam. 
 
 ROOM B. 
 
 Apparatus for the Preparation of Argon. 
 
 Experiments on the Specific Heat of Gases at high temperatures. 
 
 Soap Bubbles. 
 
 room c. (Exit.) 
 Experiments on the Velocity of Sound in Gases at high temperatures. 
 
 ROOM D. 
 
 Experiments on the Photography of Explosive Flames. 
 
 ROOM E. 
 
 Experiments on Combustion, Reduction, and Crystallisation. 
 
 ROOM F. 
 
 Visible Development of Photographic Plates in the Projection 
 Lantern. 
 
 ROOM G. 
 
 The Dyeing Exhibit, Organic Experiments, Time Reactions and 
 Explosions. 
 
AT OWENS COLLEGE. 63 
 
 The Christie Library. 
 
 The Collections of the late Prof. A. Milnes Marshall, Dr. Angus 
 Smith, Prof. E. A. Freeman, Prof. Muirhead, and Mr. R. C. 
 Christie, the donor of the Library Building. 
 
 Facsimiles of Egyptain Hieroglyphics. 
 
 Early MSS. 
 
 Papyri of the First and Second Century, a.d. 
 
 MSS. and Charters from the Ninth to the Sixteenth Century. 
 
 Early Printed Books. 
 
 Books printed before 1500. 
 
 Books printed by Etienne Dolet and Sebastian Gryphius. 
 
 Early Aldines ; Early English Printed Books and First Editions. 
 
 First Folio Shakespeare, 1623. 
 
 Bindings, Fifteenth to Nineteenth Century. 
 
 Autographs of Casaubon and Ben Jonson. 
 
 Bishop Lee Collection of Engravings, etc., illustrative of the 
 History of the Diocese of Manchester. 
 Portraits of Members of the Staff. 
 
 The Whitworth Engineering Laboratory. 
 
 ENGINES. 
 
 The 100 Horse-Power experimental Engines and the Experimental 
 
 Oil Engine were in motion. 
 Prof. Reynolds' Kinetic Engine, and Machine for exhibiting the 
 
 balancing of reciprocating and rotary motion were on view. 
 
 HYDRAULICS. 
 
 Vortex Rings in Water. Experiments showing the transition from 
 steady to unsteady motion of water in round tubes. Apparatus 
 for exhibiting the transformation and losses of energy in con- 
 tracting and expanding pipes. Prof. Reynolds' apparatus for 
 illustrating the loss of energy in oblique impact of jets. 
 Hydraulic Ram. Centrifugal Pump and Turbine. 
 
64 THE CONVERSAZIONE 
 
 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. 
 
 100 Ton Testing Machine. Machine for subjecting metals to rapidly 
 repeated reversals of stress. Machine for determining the effect 
 of centrifugal force on the driving power of belts. Deflection 
 Machine for small bars, wires and springs. Cement Tester. 
 Apparatus for experimentally determining the supporting pres- 
 sures in continuous beams. Apparatus for determining the 
 whirling speed of small shafts. 
 
 The Physical Laboratories. 
 
 basement. (Rooms 31 — 39.) 
 
 Hampson Liquid Air Machine, Room 34. 
 
 12-plate Wimshurst Electrical Machine, Room 36. 
 
 GROUND FLOOR. (Rooms 1 9.) 
 
 Hopkinson Electrotechnical Laboratories. 
 Dynamos, Electric Furnace (ready for work). 
 Advanced Electrical Laboratories. 
 
 first floor. (Rooms 11 — 19.) 
 Physics Laboratories, with Apparatus used by Students. 
 
 second floor. (Rooms 21 — 29.) 
 Lecture Rooms 25 and 27. Grating Room 21, with 6-inch Rowland 
 Concave Grating and Mounting. 
 
 OBSERVATORY ON ROOF. 
 
 10-inch Cooke Refracting Telescope. 
 
 The Beyer Laboratories. 
 
 GEOLOGICAL LABORATORY. 
 
 3. — Series of Microscopical Sections, illustrating the Structure of 
 
 Rocks. 
 2. — Series of Photographs illustrating the dependence of Scenery on 
 
 Geological Structure. 
 3. — Geological Maps of Manchester District, British Isles, and 
 
 Europe. 
 
AT OWENS COLLEGE. 65 
 
 BOTANICAL LABORATORIES. 
 
 1. — A series of Experiments illustrating the principles of Vegetable 
 Physiology. 
 
 Water cultures. 
 Root pressure. 
 Transpiration. 
 Respiration. 
 Growth experiments. 
 2. — An exhibition of the methods employed in preparing and cutting 
 
 vegetable tissues for microscopic examination. 
 3. — Photographs and living plants illustrating the adaptation of 
 
 plants to their surroundings. 
 4. — Living Seaweeds. 
 
 ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY. 
 
 1. — Living Marine Animals (fish, sea-anemones, hermit-crabs, etc.) 
 
 2. — Luminous animals (sea pen). 
 
 3, — Microscopical Exhibit of Pond-life. 
 
 4.— Stages in the Development of the Chick, illustrated by living 
 
 embryos. 
 5. — Exhibition of the methods used for cutting very thin sections. 
 
 The Manchester Museum. 
 
 FIRST FLOOR. 
 
 Tertiary Fossils : Prehistoric Iron Implements from Canterbury. 
 
 Historic Collections : Robinow Collection of Egyptian Antiquities. 
 
 Mammalia : Anthropoid Apes, etc. 
 
 Temporary Case of Objects from First Egyptian Dynasty. 
 
 Smithies Collection of Peruvian Pottery. 
 
 Reuben Spencer, Hibbert and GKiterbock Coin Collections. 
 
 SECOND FLOOR. 
 
 Whales, Dolphins, Kangaroos, Reptiles, Fishes. 
 
 Birds : Rollers and Bee-eaters from the Dresser Collection. 
 
66 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES 
 
 Eggs of British Birds : Local Birds and Nests. 
 
 Botanical Room : Vegetable Kingdom systematically arranged : 
 Models of Plants. 
 
 THIRD FLOOR. 
 
 Shells (Pleurotomaria Adansoniana) : Sea-Urchins : Corals : Insect 
 
 Mimicry. 
 Selections from the Schill Collection of Butterflies and Moths. 
 Botanical Room : Stems, Leaves, Seeds, Galls. 
 Flinders-Petrie Egyptian Collection. 
 
 The Presentation of Addresses. 
 
 The formal reception of delegates and the presentation of 
 addresses to the College took place in the Whitworth Hall on 
 Thursday morning, March 13th. 
 
 The Duke of Devonshire, President of the College (robed as 
 Chancellor of the University of Cambridge), took the chair, and there 
 accompanied him to the platform the Chancellor of the University 
 (Earl Spencer), the Vice-Chancellor (Mr. Alfred Hopkinson), Sir 
 William Houldsworth, Professor "Wilkins, Professor Young, Professor 
 Schuster, Dr. Hiles, Professor Tout, Professor Lamb, Professor 
 Sinclair, Professor Wild, Mr. Alderman Thompson (Treasurer of the 
 College), Mr. Broadfield (Treasurer of the University), Sir F. Forbes 
 Adam, Mr. Emmott, M.P., Mr. A. H. Worthington, Miss Alice 
 Crompton, the Registrar of the College, the Secretary of the College 
 Council, the Registrar of the University, and others. 
 
 The first ten rows of seats were reserved for members of the staff, 
 of the College and University Courts, and of Convocation, and for 
 the visitors concerned in the morning's ceremony. The rest of the 
 Hall was filled with keenly interested spectators, most of whom were 
 students of the College. 
 
 The Duke of Devonshire opened the proceedings with a short 
 speech. He said : — 
 
 " Owens College has during the last two days been very highly 
 honoured. Yesterday a brilliant company, including Royalty itself, 
 
TO OWENS COLLEGE. 67 
 
 assembled in this hall — which, I hope you all think, justifies the 
 pride which we take in it — to celebrate the Jubilee of the foundation 
 of Owens College. Later in the day the scene was changed to the 
 Town Hall, where the municipal authorities of the great city in 
 which the College has found its home renewed their congratulations. 
 But as an academic body perhaps we value not less than all those to 
 whom I have referred the presence among us to-day of representa- 
 tives of universities and learned societies of our own and of foreign 
 countries, and we welcome not less heartily those of the colonies. 
 But above all, perhaps, we are touched and grateful for the presence 
 among us of the distinguished representatives of foreign universities, 
 who are about to present to the College addresses of encouragement 
 and congratulation which will be treasured for ever amongst our 
 most precious archives. And now, ladies and gentlemen, I shall not 
 trespass further on the time, already sufficiently short, which is 
 allotted to the important proceedings of to-day. I will only ask you 
 to allow me to add one word of personal excuse. You will perhaps 
 not be surprised to know that it is somewhat difficult for one who 
 is engaged in political life to escape for the greater part of three days 
 from the performance of his duties in London, and as I fear it will 
 be necessary for me to return this afternoon before the completion 
 of these proceedings, I trust you will allow me, when I vacate this 
 chair, to ask the Principal to occupy it, thus placing him in a 
 position which I think his natural modesty has somewhat led him to 
 depart from during these last two days." 
 
 At the close of the President's speech the following universities 
 and learned societies presented, through their delegates, addresses of 
 congratulation on the occasion of the Jubilee of the Owens College : 
 
 FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES AND SOCIETIES. 
 
 Paris : Prof. A. Espinas. 
 
 Lille : Prof. A. Angellier. 
 
 Academie des Sciences, Institut de France : Prof. H. Becquerel. 
 
 Munich (University and Academy) : Prof. Hermann Breymann. 
 
 Gottingen : Prof. Walther Nernst. 
 
68 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES 
 
 Gottingen (Royal Academy of Sciences) : Prof. Voigt. 
 Zurich Polytechnik : Dr. E. Knecht. 
 Geneva : Prof. Chodat. 
 Harvard : William Woodward. 
 
 INDIAN AND COLONIAL UNIVERSITIES AND LEARNE0 SOCIETIES. 
 
 M'Gill (Montreal) : Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., 
 LL.D., D.L. (High Commissioner for Canada). 
 Calcutta : William Booth, M.A., Sc.D. 
 Madras : J. B. Bilderbeck, M.A. 
 Adelaide : Prof. Hudson Beare, B.Sc. 
 New Zealand : Prof. A. Dendy, D.Sc. 
 
 THE UNITED KINGDOM. 
 UNIVERSITIES. 
 
 Oxford: Rev. W. W. Merry, D.D., Sir W. R. Anson, Bart., 
 D.C.L., and Sir J. S. Burdon-Sanderson, Bart., D.M. 
 
 Cambridge : Sir R. C. Jebb, Litt.D., LL.D., D.C.L., Prof. J. J. 
 Thomson, LL.D., D.Sc, F.R.S., and R. T. Wright, M.A. 
 
 Durham : Rev. Canon J. T. Fowler, D.C.L., F.S.A. 
 
 London : A. W. Rucker, D.Sc, F.R.S. (Principal), Prof. W. P. 
 Ker, LL.D., and Sir Thomas Barlow, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 Wales : T. F. Roberts, M.A. (Vice-Chancellor). 
 
 Birmingham : Oliver J. Lodge, D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S. (Principal), 
 Prof. H. G. Fiedler, Ph.D., and Prof. Charles Lapworth, LL.D., 
 F.R.S. 
 
 St. Andrews : Prof. W. A. Knight, LL.D., Prof. John Herkless, 
 D.D., and Prof. C. R. Marshall, M.A., M.D. 
 
 Glasgow : Prof. G. G. Ramsay, M.A., LL.D., Prof. John Ferguson, 
 M.A., LL.D., and Prof. William Jack, M.A., LL.D. 
 
 Aberdeen : The Very Rev. J. M. Lang, D.D. (Principal), Prof. J. 
 W. H. Traill, M.D., F.L.S., F.R.S., and Prof. J. T. Cash, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 Edinburgh : Prof. A. R. Simpson, M.D., and F. Grant Ogilvie, 
 M.A., B.Sc. 
 
 Dublin : Rev. J. P. Mahaffy, D.D., D.C.L., and Prof. W. Macneile 
 Dixon, Litt.D. 
 
 Royal University of Ireland : Sir Rowland Blennerhassett, Bart. 
 
TO OWENS COLLEGE. 69 
 
 UNIVERSITY COLLEGES. 
 
 University College, London : G. Carey Foster, LL.D., F.R.S., 
 (Principal). 
 
 St. David's College, Lampeter: Rev. LI. J. M. Bebb, M.A., 
 (Principal), and Prof. Robert Williams, M.A. 
 
 King's College, London : Prof. J. Millar Thomson, LL.D., F.R.S. 
 
 Queen's College, Belfast : Prof. E. A. Letts, Ph.D., D.Sc, F.C.S. 
 
 Queen's College, Cork : Prof. Marcus M. Hartog, D.Sc. 
 
 Queen's College, Galway : Prof. A. Senior, Ph.D. 
 
 Bedford College for Women : Major Leonard Darwin, R.E. 
 
 University College of Wales, Aberystwyth : A. Emrys Jones, 
 M.D., M.R.C.S. 
 
 Durham College of Science, Newcastle-upon-Tyne : H. P. 
 Gurney, M.A., D.C.L. (Principal). 
 
 Yorkshire College, Leeds : Prof. Arthur Smithells, B.Sc, F.R.S. 
 
 University College, Bristol : C. Lloyd Morgan, F.R.S. (Principal). 
 
 University College, Sheffield: W. M. Hicks, Sc.D., F.R.S., 
 (Principal). 
 
 University College, Nottingham : Rev. J. E. Symes, M.A., 
 (Principal). 
 
 University College, Liverpool : A. W. W. Dale, M.A. (Principal). 
 
 University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, Cardiff : 
 E. H. Griffiths, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S. (Principal). 
 
 University College of North Wales, Bangor: II. R. Reichel, 
 M.A., LL.D. (Principal). . 
 
 Royal Holloway College for Women : Miss Emily Penrose, 
 (Principal). 
 
 LEARNED SOCIETIES. 
 
 Royal College of Physicians : Sir W. S. Church, Bart., M.D., 
 LL.D. (President). 
 
 Royal Society: Sir G. G. Stokes, Bart., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., 
 (Past President). 
 
 Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society : Charles Bailey, 
 F.L.S. (President). 
 
 Royal Irish Academy : Prof. Robert Atkinson, LL.D., Litt.D., 
 (President). 
 
70 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES 
 
 Royal Society of Edinburgh : Robert Mimro, M.A., LL.D., 
 F.R.S.E. 
 
 Royal College of Surgeons of England : H. G. Howse, M.S., M.B., 
 F.R.C.S. (President). 
 
 Geological Society of London : Prof. Charles Lapworth, LL.D., 
 F.R.S. (President). 
 
 Cambridge Philosophical Society : Prof. H. Marshall Ward, 
 Sc.D., F.R.S. 
 
 Royal Astronomical Society : J. W. L. Glaisher, M.A., Sc.D., 
 F.R.S. (President). 
 
 Zoological Society of London : Professor G. B. Howes, LL.D., 
 F.R.S. (Vice-President). 
 
 The Incorporated Law Society : Sir Albert Rollit, LL.D., D.C.L.. 
 M.P. (Vice-President). 
 
 Institution of Civil Engineers : Charles Hawksley (President). 
 
 Royal Geographical Society : Major Leonard Darwin, R.E. 
 
 British Association: A. W. Riicker, D.Sc, F.R.S. (President), 
 and G. Carey Foster, LL.D., F.R.S. 
 
 Manchester Statistical Society : E. J . Carlisle, M.A. (President). 
 
 Royal Institute of British Architects : W. Emerson (President). 
 
 Manchester Geological Society : Jonathan Barnes, F.G.S., 
 (President). 
 
 Chemical Society : Prof. W. A. Tilden, D.Sc, F.R.S. 
 
 Chethain Society : C. W. Sutton. 
 
 The Council of Legal Education : Hon. Sir W. Rann Kennedy, 
 K.C. 
 
 Institution of Mechanical Engineers : William H. Maw, 
 President. 
 
 Royal Institute of Public Health: Prof. W. R. Smith, M.D., 
 D.Sc, F.R.S.E. (President). 
 
 Society of Medical Officers of Health : A. Wynter Blyth, 
 M.R.C.S. (President). 
 
 Mathematical Society of London : E. W. Hobson, Sc.D., F.R.S., 
 (President). 
 
 Royal Historical Society : Prof. T. F. Tout, M.A. 
 
TO OWENS COLLEGE. 71 
 
 Iron and Steel Institute : G. J. Snelus, F.R.S. (Vice-President). 
 
 Physical Society of London : Prof. S. P. Thompson, D.Sc, F.R.S., 
 (President). 
 
 Institute of Chemistry : Prof. J. Millar Thomson, LL.D., F.ll.S. , 
 F.C.S. (President). 
 
 Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society : Rev. E. F. Letts, 
 M.A. (President). 
 
 Society of Chemical Industry : Ivan Levinstein (President). 
 
 Manchester Geographical Society : Harry Nuttall. 
 
 Manchester Microscopical Society : Charles Turner. 
 
 Society of Electrical Engineers : W. E. Langdon. 
 
 Many of the delegates accompanied the presentation of the 
 addresses entrusted to them, with congratulatory speeches. The first 
 was that of 
 
 Prof. Antoine Henri Becquerel, who handed to the President 
 an address in the name of the Academie des Sciences. Speaking in 
 French, he congratulated the Owens College upon the success which 
 had marked the labours of the College during a period of fifty years, 
 and expressed wishes for its future success. 
 
 Sir George G. Stokes said he had the honour to present an address 
 from the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. 
 The oldest scientific society in the kingdom sent its most hearty con- 
 gratulations to Owens College, in celebration of the Jubilee and in 
 recognition of the important work which that College, of com- 
 paratively recent foundation, had been doing in the city of those 
 eminent men Dalton, Joule, and others. 
 
 During the speech of Sir George Stokes, Earl Spencer arrived in 
 the Hall, and on the conclusion of the address, was conducted, amidst 
 the heartiest cheers, to a seat on the right of the President. The 
 presentation of addresses was then continued. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. W. W. Merry said that as representing the oldest 
 University in England — that of Oxford — it was with great delight 
 that he was allowed, in association with his distinguished colleagues 
 Sir W. R. Anson and Sir J. S. Burdon-Sanderson, to extend to one 
 
72 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES 
 
 of their youngest and most brilliant sisters in university records their 
 very hearty congratulations, and to express their hope, and indeed 
 their assurance, that this was the beginning of a very great advance- 
 ment and a very noble and distinguished future for the College. 
 
 Prof. Hermann Breymann, representing the University and 
 Academy of Munich, said he was entrusted by one of the greatest of 
 the German Universities, having 220 professors and 4,400 students, 
 to convey their best greetings and most sincere congratulations to 
 Owens College on that very important day. He had a second message 
 to give. The Bavarian Royal Academy of Science had also entrusted 
 him with a letter of congratulation. He read a passage in the letter 
 which stated that Owens College had entered upon the second half of 
 its first century with the consciousness of having taken an active 
 and honourable part in the development of those technical and 
 physical sciences the knowledge and advancement of which were of 
 supreme interest to the intelligent population of Lancashire. Sprung 
 from small beginnings, that institution had, under the liberal support 
 of their fellow-citizens, attained a high position in the scientific world 
 by means of its activity in teaching as well as by its success in 
 science, and to that position the Munich Academy joyfully presented 
 its tribute of admiration. 
 
 Prof. A'oigt, of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Gottingen, pre- 
 sented an address from that institution. 
 
 Dr. Knecht, of the Manchester Technical School, said he regretted 
 that a professor of the Zurich Polytechnik was unable to be present. 
 He had been appointed the delegate to present an address from that 
 body and to offer the sincere congratulations of their brethren in 
 Zurich. 
 
 Professor Chodat, of the University of Geneva, also presented an 
 address, and added a few words in French. He spoke of the 
 " University of Manchester," a slip which was loudly cheered. 
 
 Prof. Woodward presented an address from Harvard University. 
 
 Lord Strathcona, who was loudly cheered as he ascended the 
 platform, said that on behalf of the M'Gill University of Montreal, 
 
TO OWENS COLLEGE. T8 
 
 of which he had the privilege of being the Chancellor, and also as 
 representing in England the Dominion of Canada, he congratulated 
 the Victoria University and the Owens College on the great work the 
 College had done within the past fifty years. He was one of the few 
 who could remember John Owens, the founder of the College. He 
 could assure the President that they appreciated in Canada, as he 
 knew they did also throughout the whole of the colonies, the great 
 benefits they, as well as others, had derived from the work of the 
 Owens College. 
 
 Prof. W. Booth said he had been duly entrusted by the authorities 
 of the University of Calcutta to express their congratulations upon 
 the present occasion, and the hope that Owens College would be as 
 successful in the future as it had been in the past. 
 
 On behalf of the University of Madras, Mr. Gk B. Bilderbeck said 
 the students there were under great obligations to Owens College 
 through the writings of many of its professors, whose names were 
 household words amongst them. 
 
 Prof. Hudson Beare, on behalf of Adelaide University, which he 
 said was one of the youngest Universities of the Empire, offered 
 hearty congratulations to their elder sister, whose prosperity and 
 success in the future would, he hoped, be as great as it had been in 
 the past. 
 
 Prof. Dendy (New Zealand), an old student of Owens College and 
 a graduate of Victoria University, presented the address from his 
 University. On behalf of the most distant University in His 
 Majesty's dominions, he said he had very great pleasure in offering 
 their most sincere and heartfelt congratulations upon the occasion 
 of the Jubilee of Owens College. Although they were separated by 
 half the circumference of the globe, he assured them that their 
 sympathies in New Zealand were still strong with the motherland, 
 and that any function of that kind was watched with the greatest 
 interest, especially by those who had had the honour and 
 privilege of being former students of such an institution. 
 
 Sir R. C. Jebb, Cambridge University, accompanied by Prof. 
 J. J. Thomson and Mr. R. T. Wright, former students at Owens 
 
74 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES 
 
 College, offered the heartiest congratulations of his University on the 
 auspicious celebration of the Jubilee, a festival which he said had 
 been so remarkably successful in every way. He also tendered the 
 heartiest good wishes and hopes of Cambridge University for the 
 future and increased prosperity of the College. 
 
 Dr. Ker, representing London University, said the representatives 
 of that University were unhappily deprived that day of the presence 
 of their Vice-Chancellor, Sir Henry Roscoe. Dr. Ker offered con- 
 gratulations from his University. 
 
 Mr. T. F. Roberts, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Wales, 
 in presenting an address, said he had an especial reason in doing so, 
 in the fact that the College had as its principal founder a countryman 
 of theirs, of whom they were proud. This gave them a reason for 
 rejoicing deeply with them and for sharing in their hopes for a yet 
 more glorious future. By a happy coincidence the signing of the 
 address, which he had the honour to present, was one of the earliest 
 official acts of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Chancellor 
 of the University. 
 
 Dr. Oliver J. Lodge, Principal of the University of Birmingham, 
 said he brought salutations from the city of Priestley and Watt to the 
 city of Dalton and Joule. With their Chancellor, Mr. Chamberlain, 
 they of the Birmingham University hoped that the City of 
 Manchester would be connected with Owens College presently in 
 name as well as in fact. 
 
 Professor W. A. Knight said he presented the address from St. 
 Andrews University, the oldest of the Scottish universities. He was 
 associated in the deputation with Professor Marshall, who was a 
 former student at Owens College. 
 
 Professor G. G. Ramsay said that from beyond the Tweed he had 
 the pleasure to bring the congratulations of Glasgow University to 
 Owens College, a college with which they at Glasgow had always felt 
 the warmest sympathy upon two grounds — that it had been founded 
 upon lines more representing those of the universities of Scotland 
 than those of England, and because it was their lot to send forth their 
 intellectual light in murky regions like those of Glasgow. One note 
 
TO OWENS COLLEGE. 75 
 
 of sadness he must strike. One of the body of his University who 
 was to have been one of the representatives that day was himself for 
 many years an honoured professor in Owens College. They had lost 
 in him one of their most distinguished ornaments, and one of the 
 most distinguished ornaments of Owens College. 
 
 The Very Rev. Dr. Lang, who was accompanied by Professor 
 Traill and Professor Cash, said he had the honour to present an 
 address from the most northern and one of the most ancient 
 universities of Scotland — that of Aberdeen. They expressed the 
 hope that the future of Owens College would be even more brilliant 
 than its past. 
 
 Professor Simpson, of the University of Edinburgh, said the 
 youngest of the Scottish universities presented to Owens College its 
 felicitations on its past achievements and its good hopes for further 
 success in the future. 
 
 Professor Mahaii'y, of Dublin University, said he had the honour 
 to present an address from a University which was neither the oldest 
 nor the youngest, the nearest nor the furthest, nor the best, and 
 certainly not the worst. 
 
 Sir Rowland Blennerhassett presented an address from the Royal 
 University of Ireland. He was authorised, he said, by the Senate 
 and the authorities of the University to join in all the good wishes 
 for the prosperity of Owens College that had already been expressed. 
 
 The Principal of Owens College said a large number of addresses 
 of congratulation had been received from universities and learned 
 societies which had been unable to send delegates. 
 
 Mr. Fiddes, secretary to the Council of the College, read the 
 following list of such universities and societies : 
 
 France : College de France. 
 
 Italy : University of Rome, University of Bologna, University of 
 Padua, Accademia dei Lincei. 
 
 Germany : University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of 
 Erlangen, University of Freiburg im Breisgau, University of Giessen, 
 University of Jena, University of Kiel, University of Strasburg, 
 
76 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES 
 
 Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin, Royal Academy of Sciences at 
 Leipsic. 
 
 Switzerland : University of Basel, University of Berne, University 
 of Zurich. 
 
 Austria : Bohemian University of Prague, German University of 
 Prague, University of Vienna, University of Buda-Pesth, Imperial 
 Academy of Sciences at Vienna. 
 
 Holland : University of Leyden, University of Utrecht, University 
 of Amsterdam. 
 
 Belgium : University of Liege. 
 
 Russia : University of Helsingfors, University of Moscow. 
 
 Denmark : University of Copenhagen. 
 
 Norway : University of Christiania. 
 
 Sweden : University of Lund, University of Upsala. 
 
 Greece : University of Athens. 
 
 Portugal : University of Coimbra. 
 
 United States of America : University of California, University 
 of Columbia, Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University, Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania, University of Princeton, Western Reserve 
 University. 
 
 Japan : University of Tokio. 
 
 Addresses from university colleges and learned societies, of which 
 the list of representatives is given above, were then presented, no 
 speeches being made. 
 
 The Principal of the College, whom the Duke of Devonshire, 
 obliged to leave before the conclusion of the proceedings owing 
 to his political duties, had requested to take his place, replied to the 
 addresses of congratulation. He said : If I use very few words 
 in thanking those who have presented addresses to-day for their 
 presence here and for the encouragement that they have given 
 to our work, I hope that it will not be thought that our feelings 
 as members of the College are not strongly affected by their 
 presence and by the words which they have used in their addresses 
 and their speeches to-day. Although we have passed our fiftieth 
 anniversary, we are not yet too old to feel a certain glow of 
 
TO OWENS COLLEGE. 77 
 
 youthful pleasure at the commendation of our work that we have 
 received from you. I thank those who have presented these 
 addresses, and I should like to convey our thanks at the same time 
 to the universities who have, in the most gratifying language, 
 expressed their congratulations to us on this our Juhilee. I am sorry 
 that to-day there are two of the best friends of our College absent 
 whose presence here would have been particularly gratifying to us, 
 representing as Vice Chancellors the two Universities of Cambridge 
 and London — both of them amongst those who have done most to 
 build up and carry on the work of the College in the past. I refer 
 to Dr. Ward, Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, and 
 to Sir Henry Roscoe, from both of whom I have received letters, 
 which I will read. Dr. Ward says: — 
 
 " You know already how deep is my personal regret not to be 
 present at your Jubilee. But the cordial goodwill of the University 
 of Cambridge, which has always accompanied the progress of 
 Owens College, will be better expressed by Sir Richard Jebb and 
 his colleagues than it could have been by myself. There is one 
 further consideration which tempers my disappointment at not 
 being with you on this memorable occasion. The Jubilee is 
 essentially a celebration of the past, and the College has done great 
 things in 50 years. But, with all proper piety of feeling, I never 
 cared as much for the past of Owens College as for its future. This 
 future is not, I hope, an affair of another 50 years or so, but part 
 of the national future itself. The advance of the College depends 
 on increased resources, on a larger measure of freedom, and a 
 unanimous determination of all its members to keep in view the 
 highest end of university study and of university life." 
 
 Sir Henry Roscoe writes: — 
 
 " It is with extreme regret that I write to inform you that the 
 state of my health prevents my taking part in the Owens College 
 Jubilee. As the only living representative of the professoriate in the 
 early and critical period of the College history, I had looked forward 
 with the deepest interest to this celebration, and fully hoped to 
 
78 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES 
 
 have been able to take part therein. The event graced by the pre- 
 sence of Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales 
 becomes one of more than local importance. It is one of national 
 interest, for amongst all the proofs now before us of an awakening 
 amongst our people to the necessity of the higher scientific education 
 none is more remarkable than the rise and progress of Owens. Fifty 
 years ago the very existence of a centre of the higher teaching and 
 learning in a commercial and industrial city like Manchester was 
 looked upon by all but an enlightened few as a chimera. Now the 
 acknowledgement of its value and importance is general. To 
 Owens belongs the honour of being the first in the van of this 
 educational advance, and the Jubilee celebration marks in a fit 
 manner the high position which Owens has won for itself amongst 
 the great educational institutions of our country." 
 
 I feel (the Principal continued) that it would be fitting that the 
 thanks of the College should be conveyed to those members of 
 universities, and especially to the scientific members, who have 
 presented addresses, by a successor of Sir Henry Roscoe; and I 
 cannot do more fittingly than call upon Sir H. Roscoe's successor, 
 who carries on the traditions of the chemical school here so well, and 
 ask Professor Dixon to express those thanks. 
 
 Professor Dixon said : I wish the great privilege of seconding this 
 vote of thanks had been entrusted to a senior member of our staff, 
 but holding the chair I do, so long and so honourably held by Sir 
 Henry Roscoe, I could not refuse to speak at the request of my 
 scientific colleagues. In their name I desire to thank the many 
 universities and learned societies which have sent us greeting, and to 
 assure the delegates that their presence here to-day is regarded by us 
 as no mere compliment, but is cherished as a proof of their apprecia- 
 tion of our work, which of all forms of encouragement is the most 
 quickening and the most real. The long list of distinguished 
 delegates precludes any attempt to return thanks to them 
 individually, and even were I to select the names of those eminent in 
 science I could not do them justice. But if one branch of science 
 may serve as a pattern of the whole, then what I say as a student of 
 
TO OWENS COLLEGE. 79 
 
 physical chemistry must be mentally multiplied by you and the 
 product duly divided among the several sciences. Among those who 
 have come to us from abroad I select, therefore, for special thanks 
 Professor Becquerel, of Paris, whose researches are exerting such 
 profound influence on our knowledge of radiant energy; and 
 Professor Nernst, of Gottingen, who has so deeply fathomed the 
 mystery of solution. Among the delegates from universities and 
 societies in the United Kingdom no man appeals more strongly to all 
 workers in physical science, for no one has been a stauncher friend 
 to all, than Sir George Gabriel Stokes. In Dr. Rxieker and Dr. Lodge 
 we welcome old colleagues in our sister colleges, now Principals of 
 Universities, founded, like our own, to spread the culture of letters 
 and of science in the great centres of population. From London 
 also we have Professor Carey Foster, equally learned as physicist and 
 chemist; from Glasgow the veteran Professor Ferguson. From the 
 Queen's Colleges, Ireland, we welcome Professor Letts and Professor 
 Senior, from Sheffield Professor W. M. Hicks, and from Birmingham 
 Professor Poynting. We thank the Chemical Society for sending us 
 her treasurer, Professor Tilden. We rejoice also to see among us, 
 because their presence affirms the close connection between our 
 industries and university education, Mr. Snelus, the President of the 
 Iron and Steel Institute ; Mr. Langdon, the President of the Institu- 
 tion of Electrical Engineers; Mr. J. M. Thompson, President of the 
 Institute of Chemistry; and Mr. Ivan Levinstein, President of 
 the Society of Chemical Industry. And, lastly, we welcome 
 with special pride the old students who have gone forth from 
 our walls and won distinction and fame for their old College 
 in every department of life. Among many such here to-day 
 to whom our warmest thanks are due I can only (by my 
 limitation) refer to Professor J. J. Thomson, of Cambridge, 
 who, out-maxwelling Maxwell, counts and weighs the parasites 
 on Dalton's atoms; to Professor Arthur Smithells, of Leeds, 
 who has read the riddle of the chemistry of flames ; and to Dr. E. H. 
 Griffiths, who is just carrying from Cambridge his marvellous energy 
 to experiment in new fields. In looking back through the fifty years 
 of our College life we all recognise a past of great achievement. In 
 
80 THE HONORARY DEGREES 
 
 chemistry we can look back on the great teachers Erankland, Roscoe, 
 and Schorlemmer, and can recall their ever-memorable researches. 
 To-day we of Owens College look forward to the uncertain future not 
 without anxiety, but not without good hope, for we have two things 
 on our side which ever inspire and direct — the encouragement of our 
 contemporaries and the glorious example of the past. 
 
 The Honorary Degrees. 
 
 The ceremony, hitherto purely a College celebration, now 
 became a University function, and Earl Spencer, as Chancellor 
 of the Victoria University, took the chair. He said : I rise, 
 in opening the proceedings of the University, to say but 
 two or three words. I come here to-day, and I was here 
 yesterday, feeling the greatest pleasure in assisting at this celebration 
 of your great College. No one wishes more success to Owens College 
 than I do myself, and I feel it a great honour as Chancellor of the 
 University to be here to-day to confer degrees in the name of the 
 University on so many distinguished men, not only from every part 
 of the King's dominions but from other parts of Europe and the world. 
 I shall not detain you longer, but only express again the gratification 
 which I feel at taking part here as Chancellor, and offer in my own 
 words a sincere welcome, which I give in the name of the University, 
 to the distinguished men on whom I shall have the honour to confer 
 a degree. 
 
 LL.D. 
 
 The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon the following : — Sir 
 William R. Anson, Bart., the Right Hon. Sir John T. Hibbert, 
 K.C.B., the Right Hon. James Hoy (Lord Mayor of Manchester), Sir 
 W. Rann Kennedy, Dr. E. C. Maclure (Dean of Manchester), Mr. 
 Alfred Neild, Principal T. F. Roberts, Sir Albert K. Rollit, Lord 
 Strathcona and Mount Royal, and Mr. R. T. Wright. 
 
 SIR W. K. ANSON. 
 
 In presenting Sir W. R. Anson, the Principal said there was no 
 one who could be a fitter representative of a University in Parliament, 
 
AT OWENS COLLEGE. 81 
 
 and none whom they more readily welcomed as representing the 
 University of Oxford amongst them that day than Sir William 
 Ileynell Anson, Warden of All Souls' College, known as one of the 
 ablest of university administrators, and also as one of the clearest 
 expounders of the laws and constitution of our country. 
 
 SIR J. T. HIBBERT. 
 
 Of Sir John T. Hibbert the Principal said : If long and dis- 
 interested public service can constitute a claim to academic honours, 
 none could be more worthy than Sir J. T. Hibbert, chairman of the 
 Lancashire County Council, who has so well served his 
 country both as a Minister of the Crown and a member of the 
 Legislature, and also by his able and enlightened administration of 
 the affairs of our own county. 
 
 THE LORD MAYOR. 
 
 The Principal next presented Mr. Alderman Hoy, Lord Mayor 
 of Manchester. He said : Called after many years of arduous public 
 service by the unanimous voice of his colleagues to the chief 
 magistracy of his own city, the Lord Mayor of Manchester has 
 already won golden opinions by the very great ability and dignity 
 with which he has discharged the duties of his high office. May our 
 civic and academic institutions ever work together for the public good 
 in the spirit which he has so well displayed in the speeches he has 
 made ! 
 
 MR. JUSTICE KENNEDY. 
 
 Sir W. R. Kennedy was next presented. The Principal said : In 
 the distinguished career of Sir William Rann Kennedy is found 
 another example to show that distinction as a scholar is likely to be 
 followed by distinction in the practice of a great profession. We 
 gladly recall that Mr. Justice Kennedy is one of those who have 
 lectured on law at Owens College. Some of us who are members of 
 the Northern Circuit will with special satisfaction welcome as a 
 graduate of the Northern University one who was an ornament of 
 that circuit who had been at Cambridge Senior Classic, and is now a 
 judge of His Majesty's High Court of Justice. 
 
82 THE HONORARY DEGREES 
 
 THE DEAN OF MANCHESTER. 
 
 In presenting the Dean of Manchester, the Principal said he was 
 chairman of the Manchester School Board, and a member of the 
 Consultative Committee of the Board of Education, whose energy and 
 geniality, and ability in the transaction of business, had been of 
 signal service to the cause of primary education in the city. 
 
 MR. A. NEILD. 
 
 Next presenting Mr. Alfred Neild, the Principal said : " It is 
 with peculiar pleasure that I present to you Mr. Alfred Neild, the 
 senior member of the Court oJ Governors of Owens College, whose 
 scholarly tastes and the high standard which he had always main- 
 tained as regards the policy of the College have rendered him one of 
 its best friends for now more than forty years during which he has 
 acted as a member of the Council, for a long period as Treasurer of the 
 College, and afterwards as Treasurer of the University." 
 
 PRINCIPAL T. F. ROBERTS. 
 
 Principal T. F. Roberts was next presented. The Principal said : 
 In the part played by its Colleges in the organisation of education 
 the Principality of Wales has set an example which might be 
 followed with advantage throughout this country, in which the 
 Principal of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, has taken 
 so useful a part. I have the pleasure to present to you Thomas 
 Francis Roberts, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Wales, for the 
 degree of LL.D. 
 
 SIR A. ROLLIT. 
 
 Of Sir Albert Rollit the Principal said the Incorporated Law 
 Society of the United Kingdom had sent as its representative one 
 whose energy had been displayed in many fields. Sir Albert Rollit 
 had shown equal ability both in the Legislature and in the councils 
 of his own profession, and both as President of the Associated 
 Chambers of Commerce of the United Kingdom and as a member of 
 the Senate of the University of London. 
 
AT OWENS COLLEGE. 83 
 
 LORD STRATHCONA. 
 
 The Principal then presented Lord Strathcona. He said : " To 
 have played a large part in welding British North America into the 
 Canadian nation, to have broken through the barrier by which 
 that nation was once divided, to have illustrated the unity of the 
 Empire and the unity of learning by enriching universities on the 
 shores of the North Sea and the banks of the St. Lawrence, to have 
 assisted with unbounded liberality and foresight in the defences of 
 the Empire, and, finally, to be spending the evening of his days in 
 drawing closer bonds which stretch across the Atlantic, are some of 
 the claims of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, Chancellor of the 
 University of Montreal, to the degree of Doctor of Laws, for which 
 I now present him to you." 
 
 MR. R. T. WRIGHT. 
 
 In presenting Mr. R. T. Wright, the Principal said he was almost 
 the first of the many students of Owens College who won high 
 distinction in the University of Cambridge, and who had since done 
 most valuable service to literature and to science by the admirable 
 manner in which he had discharged the duties of his office as secretary 
 of the Cambridge University Press. 
 
 LITT.D. 
 
 The degree of Litt.D. was conferred upon the following : — 
 Professor A. Angellier, Professor A. C. Bradley, Professor H. Brey- 
 mann, Professor A. Espinas, Professor W. P. Ker, Dr. McLaren, the 
 Lord Bishop of Manchester, Dr. W. W. Merry, Professor A. S. 
 Napier, Mrs. Pylands, and Mr. J. H. Wylie. The recipients were 
 presented by Professor Wilkins. 
 
 PROFESSOR ANGELLIER. 
 
 In presenting M. Auguste Angellier, Professor of English 
 Language and Literature in the University of Lille, Professor 
 Wilkins said : Professor Angellier is one of the most distinguished 
 of that brilliant band of French scholars who have done so much of 
 
84 THE HONORARY DEGREES 
 
 late by their penetrative and sympathetic criticism to promote the 
 study of English literature both in their own country and in ours. 
 His learned and exhaustive work on Burns is familiar to all students, 
 and in recognition of its substantial merit I invite you to confer on 
 its author the degree of Litt.D. 
 
 PROFESSOR BRADLEY. 
 
 Presenting Professor Andrew C. Bradley, he said : "When in 1884 
 University College, Liverpool, was admitted into the Victoria 
 University no new colleague was more heartily welcomed than the 
 learned and graceful critic who held the Chair of English Literature. 
 Five years later the tie was broken by a call to the ancient University 
 of Glasgow. Oxford now claims him as her own. But that the old 
 bond may be renewed I present to you Professor Andrew Bradley. 
 
 PROFESSOR BREYMANN. 
 
 Of Professor Hermann Breymann, of the University of Munich, 
 he said : Twenty-seven years ago Dr. Breymann was a lecturer in the 
 Owens College. Called away to the Chair of Modern Philology in 
 the illustrious University which he represents, he has been one of the 
 leaders in the school founded by his great master Friedrich Diez, 
 which has so successfully applied the principles of philological science 
 to elucidate the history and the structure of the Romance languages. 
 In recognition of his eminence as a scholar I invite you to confer on 
 him the degree of Litt.D. 
 
 FROFESSOR ESPINAS. 
 
 Presenting Professor A. Espinas, he said : The ancient and 
 illustrious University of Paris — the mother of the academies of the 
 West, who counts more centuries than we do decades — has done us 
 the high honour of sending one of its professors to bring its 
 felicitations on our fiftieth anniversary. Professor Espinas is widely 
 known as the author of a work of exact and comprehensive learning 
 on " The History of Economic Doctrines," the subject which he 
 professes in the University of Paris. 
 
AT OWENS COLLEGE. 85 
 
 PROFESSOR KER. 
 
 Presenting Professor W. P. Ker, he said : Professor Ker is one 
 of the representatives to-day of the University of London, with which 
 our own has so many ties ; and in his work on " Epic and Ilomance " 
 has shown in a very noteworthy way that singular command of 
 mediaeval languages and literature from which we hope still to gather 
 abundant fruits. 
 
 THE REV. DR. MC LAREN. 
 
 Presenting Dr. McLaren, he said : The Rev. Alexander McLaren, 
 D.D., for forty-four years has devoted in this city his exact theological 
 scholarship, his charm of literary form and freshness, his fervid 
 eloquence, and his intense conviction to the maintenance among us 
 of the highest ideals of life and conduct, and so has won to no 
 common degree the reverence and affection of his fellow-citizens. 
 
 THE BISHOP OF MANCHESTER. 
 
 The Bishop of Manchester was next presented. Dr. Wilkins 
 said : Wide learning, strong clear thinking, and a firm grasp of the 
 gravest modern problems have marked his public utterances from 
 the masterly Hulsean lectures of 1808 to the sermon of last Sunday. 
 The honour in which he is held in this great diocese, the University, 
 the seat of which is his Cathedral city, desires to recognise to-day. 
 
 THE REV. DR. W. W. MERRY. 
 
 Presenting the Rev. Dr. William Walter Merry, he said that the 
 debt that was due to the Rector of Lincoln College from the student 
 of Homer and of Aristophanes, from the lover of the earliest (very 
 rude) Latin poetry and the latest (very polished) Latin prose, could 
 not be fitly described by one less gifted than the Public Orator of the 
 University of Oxford. He would only venture to say how heartily 
 they welcomed the head of the College of Pattison and Fraser, of 
 Christie and of Hopkinson. 
 
86 THE HONORARY DEGREES 
 
 PROFESSOR A. S. NAPIER. 
 
 Of Professor Arthur Sampson Napier, Dr. Wilkins said that in 
 Professor Napier they had a former student of the Owens College who 
 now held an honoured place in the University of Oxford, where for 
 more than sixteen years he had been Merton Professor of the English 
 Language and Literature. His attention had been mainly given to 
 the study of Old and Middle English, on which his publications had 
 been numerous and authoritative. 
 
 MRS. RYLANDS. 
 
 Mrs. Bylands was next presented. Professor Wilkins said : I 
 present to you Mrs. Enriquita Bylands, who with splendid munifi- 
 cence has gathered in Manchester a magnificent library as the most 
 fitting memorial for one who cared much that the best books should 
 be accessible to all, who laid down the rules for its government with 
 far-sighted sagacity, who endowed it lavishly, and who is never weary 
 of adding to its treasures with a watchful and discriminating 
 generosity. 
 
 MR. J. H. WYLIE. 
 
 Presenting Mr. J. H. Wylie, H.M. Inspector of Schools, he said that 
 Mr. Wylie, while discharging the duties of his responsible position 
 in the neighbourhood of Manchester, found leisure for the production 
 of a work on the reign of Henry IV., marked by patient research and 
 careful investigation of sources, which was justly regarded as a 
 standard authority for the period with which it dealt, and which gave 
 him high rank among contemporary historians. 
 
 D.SC. 
 
 Professor Young, Dean of the Medical Department of the College, 
 presented for the degree of Doctor of Science Sir Thomas Barlow, 
 Sir John S. Burdon-Sanderson, Sir William S. Church, Mr. H. G. 
 Howse, and Professor A. R. Simpson. 
 
AT OWENS COLLEGE. 87 
 
 SIR THOMAS BARLOW. 
 
 In presenting Sir Thomas Barlow, Professor Young said they 
 welcomed one who, by his achievements and by his early connection 
 with the Owens College, might fairly be claimed as one of its most 
 brilliant sons and associates. By his scientific work he had justly 
 won for himself a world-wide reputation. As a signal mark of his 
 professional attainments and of his high personal qualities he was 
 appointed physician extraordinary to Her late Majesty Queen 
 Victoria. At present he held the office of physician to the King's 
 household, and in addition he also occupied important positions at the 
 University of London and at the Royal College of Physicians of 
 London. 
 
 SIR J. S. BTJRDON-SANDERSON. 
 
 Of Sir J. S. Burdon-Sanderson, Regius Professor of Medicine in 
 the University of Oxford, Professor Young said he was at once the 
 Nestor and doyen of British physiologists. Of his scientific 
 researches not the least famous were those dealing with subjects 
 on the borderland of physiology and medicine. By his observations 
 and reports on diphtheria, vaccine, cholera-bacteria, and other 
 subjects, and by his classical investigations on inflammation and the 
 pathology of fevers, he had materially extended our knowledge of the 
 fundamental processes which formed the very basis of medicine. 
 Moreover, those advances in our knowledge of morbid processes had 
 exercised a far-reaching influence on the health of the community at 
 large. His contributions both to science and to practical medicine 
 were known throughout the world. 
 
 SIR W. S. CHURCH. 
 
 Presenting Sir W. S. Church, Professor Young said that since the 
 incorporation of the Royal College of Physicians in 1518 its successive 
 presidents had included the most able and learned physicians in this 
 country. Not the least illustrious in that distinguished roll was Sir 
 William Selby Church. His singularly sound judgment, uniform 
 dignity, temperate firmness, and eminent professional attainments 
 marked him out as peculiarly fitted to act as a member of the South 
 
88 THE HONORARY DEGREES 
 
 African Hospitals Coiiiniission, a work which commanded his whole- 
 hearted devotion to the interests of humanity. Again, in other 
 committees dealing with investigations of disease Sir William 
 Church's judgment and scientific knowledge had been conspicuous. 
 They welcomed one who by his interest in the progress of medicine 
 and in other ways had rendered great services to the nation. 
 
 MR. H. G. IIOWSE. 
 
 In presenting Mr. Henry Greenway Howse, Professor Young said 
 he was the official head of the profession of surgery in this country. 
 His services to his hospital and to his profession, his eminence as a 
 teacher, his contributions to the science and art of surgery, and his 
 early and sustained support of the great principle of the antiseptic 
 treatment of wounds, had with many other personal distinctions led 
 to his appointment as President of the Ifcoyal College of Surgeons of 
 England, amongst whom he held a worthy place in the roll of honour. 
 
 PROFESSOR SIMPSON. 
 
 Professor Young then presented Professor Simpson, the Dean of 
 the great Medical School of the University of Edinburgh. He said 
 he was the bearer of a name rendered for ever illustrious in the annals 
 of medicine by the services of his predecessor, and he worthily filled 
 the Chair he now occupied. His contributions to gynaecological 
 science were of high value, and they had gained the admiration of his 
 co-workers. 
 
 Professor Schuster, in presenting for the same degree Professor 
 H. Becquerel, Professor R. Chodat, Principal G. Carey Foster, Dr. 
 J. W. L. Glaisher, Principal E. H. Griffiths, Principal W. M. Hicks, 
 Dr. E. W. Hobson, Professor G. B. Howes, Professor W. Jack, 
 Principal 0. J. Lodge, Professor Nernst, Professor J. II. Poynting, 
 Professor W. A. Tilden, Professor Voigt, and Professor H. Marshall 
 Ward, said : 
 
 PROFESSOR ANT0INE HENRI BECQUEREL. 
 
 Grandson of Antoine Becquerel, son of Edmond Becquerel, our 
 honoured guest represents the third generation of a family of 
 
. AT OWENS COLLEGE. 89 
 
 physicists who have added to our store of knowledge by their 
 experimental skill and keenness of observation. His discovery of 
 imponderable emanations and active radiations from inert matter, 
 entitle him to the distinction of having laid the foundation of a new 
 branch of Physics. That great and illustrious society, the 
 " Academie des Sciences," in holding out its hand of friendship to us, 
 has sent one of the most distinguished members of its body. 
 
 PROFESSOR ROBERT CHODAT. 
 
 The town of Geneva, famous for the scientific eminence of its 
 aristocracy, young as an University, but old as a seat of learning, 
 is represented to-day by its Professor of Botany, who has shewn that 
 he upholds with distinction the high traditions of the intellectual 
 activity of his city. 
 
 PRINCIPAL GEORGE CAREY FOSTER. 
 
 We are glad to see among us the honoured Principal of University 
 College, London. Our recognition is due to him for the long 
 continued services he has rendered to science, and in particular for 
 the practical teaching of Physics, which he was the first to establish 
 in this country. 
 
 DR. JAMES WHITBREAl) LEE GLAISHER. 
 
 His mind is raised to invincible heights by his mathematical 
 genius ; it is brought back to earth by his love of the stars. 
 
 PRINCIPAL ERNEST HOWARD GRIFFITHS. 
 
 In the town of Joule we honour him who gave us the most accurate 
 measurement of Joule's constant. 
 
 PRINCIPAL WILLIAM MITCHINSON HICKS. 
 
 The laws of fluid motion have always fascinated the highest 
 scientific intellects. My Lord Chancellor, I present to you William 
 Mitchinson Hicks, whose successful work in this branch of Physics 
 entitles him to receive the degree of Doctor of Science of this 
 University. 
 
90 THE HONORARY DEGREES 
 
 DR. ERNEST WILLIAM HOBSON. 
 
 All sciences bow to Mathematics as to their queen. The Mathe- 
 matical Society of London honours us by sending its distinguished 
 President to take part in our festivities; we honour ourselves by 
 adding him to the list of our graduates. 
 
 PROFESSOR GEORGE BOND HOWES. 
 
 To occupy the chair rendered famous by the late Thomas Huxley 
 is in itself a distinction. To occupy it worthily, to uphold its high 
 traditions, to help and advise in the research work of generations 
 of students forms a task which has been accomplished with marked 
 success by Professor George Bond Howes. 
 
 PROFESSOR WILLIAM JACK. 
 
 The ties of old friendship are strong. A representative of the 
 distinguished group of Professors, who in the old building in Quay 
 Street carried on the educational work which led to the foundation 
 of this University, is sure to receive a warm welcome from us. 
 
 PRINCIPAL OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE. 
 
 An apostle of the immortal Maxwell when apostles were still 
 needed, a prophet who foresaw the future of electrical vibrations, 
 a missionary who has left us to propagate the ideals of his College 
 in the Midland Counties. 
 
 PROFESSOR WALTHER NERNST. 
 
 The University of Gfottingen is famous for the independence of 
 its spirit, famous for its love of pure knowledge, but anxious also 
 to maintain its reputation of industrial progress gained by the 
 successful installation of the first electric telegraph, stretched by the 
 hands of two of its mathematicians from the physical laboratory to 
 the astronomical observatory. It could have sent us no more fitting 
 representative than the chemist and physicist, who is at the same 
 time the writer of a profound theoretical treatise and the inventor 
 of a new and beautiful electric lamp. 
 
AT OWENS COLLEGE. 91 
 
 PROFESSOR JOHN HENRY POYNTING. 
 
 As an experimental investigator, John Henry Poynting has 
 weighed the earth in a balance, as a mathematician he has designed 
 the channels for the flow of electrical energy; as a student of Owens 
 College, he stands as one of the strongest pillars on which the fame 
 of this great College rests. 
 
 PROFESSOR WILLIAM TILDEN. 
 
 Our University takes a pride in the success of its schools of 
 chemistry, and we are glad to be allowed to recognise the eminent 
 services rendered to science by the Chemical Society of London, by 
 offering the degree of Doctor of Science to its distinguished repre- 
 sentative. 
 
 PROFESSOR WOLDEMAR VOIGT. 
 
 During a period of experimental activity, in which the rapid 
 accumulation of facts often outruns the convincing reasoning of 
 logical deduction, we ought specially to honour the man who, trained 
 in the school of Franz Neumann, is able to harmonise the scientific 
 method of his master with the freedom of imagination which 
 distinguishes the younger generation. He is doubly welcome to us 
 as the representative of the Iloyal Academy of Sciences of Gottingen, 
 a body which has led the way in creating a union between the 
 scientific intellects of the civilised world. 
 
 PROFESSOR HARRY MARSHALL WARD. 
 
 My Lord Chancellor, I present to you Harry Marshall Ward, the 
 Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge, a former 
 student of Owens College, and a pupil of our late colleague 
 Williamson. His valuable researches on the diseases of plants have 
 secured him one of the highest positions among living botanists. 
 
 MUS.DOC. 
 
 Dr. Hiles presented for the degree of Mus.Doc. Mr. Adolph 
 Brodsky and Dr. Hans Kichter. 
 
92 THE HONORARY DEGREES 
 
 MR. A. BRODSKY. 
 
 It was, he said, with especial pleasure that he presented Mr. 
 Brodsky, an artist renowned in all the great Continental schools of 
 music, who— being entrusted with the management of the Manchester 
 Royal College — by his never-failing geniality, his unwearied care for 
 the welfare of those committed to his guidance, and especially by his 
 self-denying exertion on behalf of those who, without assistance, 
 could not grapple with the expense of a prolonged course of training, 
 had gained not only the respect but the warm affection of those most 
 closely associated with him in his work. 
 
 DR. RICHTER. 
 
 In presenting Dr. Richter, he said the work carried on by Sir 
 Charles Halle exercised so wide an influence not only in 
 the North of England but throughout the whole kingdom as 
 to cause it to be felt that it could be fittingly continued only by a 
 musician of world-wide celebrity — Dr. Hans Richter, the most 
 renowned of living orchestral conductors, upon whom, years ago, the 
 University of Cambridge conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of 
 Music. 
 
 M.A. 
 
 Professor Tout presented the following, upon whom was conferred 
 the degree of M.A. : — Miss Annie Adamson, Mr. H. Guppy, Mr. 
 Elijah Helm, Mr. T. C. Horsfall, Mr. George Milner, Mr. Charles 
 Rowley, Mr. C. W. Sutton, Mr. C. H. Wyatt. 
 
 MISS ADAMSON. 
 
 He said : We honour Annie Adamson, not only for her kinship 
 to one who will never be forgotten in this University, but as the 
 senior mistress of our great High School for Girls, and as a teacher of 
 rare originality, vivacity, humour, and force of character, who has 
 shown by her own example the ideal method of instruction in the 
 many tongues in which she possesses such eminent capacity. 
 
AT OWENS COLLEGE. 93 
 
 ME. H. GUPPY. 
 
 Henry Guppy, librarian of the John Rylands Library, brought 
 with him to this city a well-earned reputation as a bibliographer and 
 library organiser, and has in a brief time won golden opinions from 
 all for the zeal, tact, courtesy, and ability with which he has 
 administered the splendid palace of learning which has added so 
 largely to the intellectual resources of this district. 
 
 MR. E. HELM. 
 
 Some forty years ago the pupil of Stanley Jevons at Owens 
 College and its sometime Cobden Lecturer, Elijah Helm has shown 
 by his numerous writings on economics, commerce, and finance, no 
 less than by his thirteen years' labours as secretary of that 
 Manchester Chamber of Commerce of which he is also the historian, 
 that combination of the theory of his science with the practice of 
 business pursuits wherein we confidently expect that his example will 
 be ever more abundantly followed by future generations of our 
 students. 
 
 MR. T. C. HORSFALL. 
 
 The single-minded devotion and energy which Thomas Coghlan 
 Horsfall has shown in the establishment and maintenance of the 
 pioneer Art Museum in Ancoats, now successfully amalgamated with 
 our University Settlement, of which he has ever been one of the 
 leading spirits, has been equally conspicuous in every aspect of a 
 career consecrated to the public service, and notably in his self- 
 denying efforts to reconcile the differences that stand in the way of 
 the diffusion of popular education and in his zeal for the solution 
 of the vital question of the adequate housing of our labouring 
 population. 
 
 MR. GEORGE MILNER. 
 
 In George Milner, the veteran president of the Manchester 
 Literary Club, we pay our homage to one who has laboured, both by 
 precept and by the example of his own delicate and graceful writings, 
 for the diffusion of literary feeling, love of natural beauty, and 
 solicitude for our fellow-men. 
 
94 THE HONORARY DEGREES 
 
 MR. C. ROWLEY. 
 
 To the genial and popular chairman of the School of Arts Com- 
 mittee, Charles Rowley, who has but yesterday celebrated his silver 
 wedding, to his social and recreative works in Ancoats, Manchester 
 is mainly indebted for her more recent and scholarly development of 
 art teaching and the artistic spirit in our midst, and for a crowd of 
 other good works. 
 
 MR. C. W. SUTTON. 
 
 The strenuous energy of Charles William Sutton, the chief 
 librarian of our Municipal Reference Library, has won for the col- 
 lection under his care the distinction of being first, not only in order 
 of time but also in importance and value, of our municipal libraries, 
 and has yet left him leisure for literary work of eminent merit, 
 whether as the guide and director of our local archaeological societies 
 or as the learned and scholarly biographer of a whole host of Lan- 
 cashire worthies in the Dictionary of National Biography. 
 
 MR. C. H. WYATT. 
 
 The services of Charles Henry Wyatt, clerk of the Manchester 
 School Board, have been devoted to educational administration for 
 the whole of the thirty-two years during which School Boards have 
 been in being, while his writings on citizenship and educational 
 problems and his services to the Association of School Boards of 
 England and Wales, of which he is the secretary, have spread the 
 reputation of his zeal and knowledge far beyond the limits of our own 
 town. The Victoria University is proud to add to its roll of graduates 
 men and women who have thus distinguished themselves in the 
 public service of the city which is its seat. 
 
 M.SC. 
 The following were presented for the degree of M.Sc. by Professor 
 Lamb :— Mr. Charles Bailey, Mr. Francis Jones, Mr. J. H. Reynolds, 
 and Mr. James Scotson. In making the presentations he said : I 
 bring before you four notable citizens of Manchester, distinguished 
 in various ways for their devotion to scientific research or to the 
 diffusion of scientific knowledge. 
 
AT OWENS COLLEGE. 95 
 
 MR. C. BAILEY. 
 
 In the case of Charles Bailey, the president of the Literary and 
 Philosophical Society, we pay homage to the Society itself, with its 
 great associations and traditions, and we recognise the long services 
 rendered to it by its present head. But we also honour, whilst we love 
 and admire, the kindly nature and the genial enthusiasm which in 
 the eyes of his countless friends are qualified only by one defect, his 
 own inveterate modesty. 
 
 MR. FRANCIS JONES. 
 
 Francis Jones, another servant of the same Society, comes 
 to us as a chemist who, after sitting at the feet of such masters as 
 Bunsen and Roscoe, taught for a time in this College, and has now 
 for a long series of years led the scientific teaching in that great 
 foundation, the Grammar School of this town. We welcome the 
 skilled original worker, and the sound and successful teacher to whom 
 this University, as well as others, is indebted for a long succession of 
 able and disciplined students. 
 
 MR. J. H. REYNOLDS. 
 
 We also greet here to-day representatives of the latest addition 
 to the educational machinery of the neighbourhood, the Municipal 
 Technical School. The magnificent structure is a monument of what 
 municipal generosity can effect in matters where its sympathies are 
 really enlisted. But whilst we recognise the lavish equipment, the 
 great possibilities, and the vast responsibilities of that institution, 
 we recognise also how largely these are due to the single-minded and 
 persistent devotion of its present director, J. II. Reynolds. 
 
 MR. JAMES SCOTSON. 
 
 Lastly, in a University where the theory of teaching now takes 
 equal rank with other academic subjects, the claims of elementary 
 education cannot be passed over. By the universal assent of experts 
 no more fitting representative could be found than the trusted and 
 skilful organiser and inspiring teacher whom we now welcome to our 
 body, James Scotson. 
 
96 DESCRIPTION OF THE 
 
 A B.A. DEGREE. 
 
 Professor Wilkins also presented Mr. Henry Brierley for the 
 degree of B.A. under the resolution of the Court by which bachelors' 
 degrees were offered to those who were Associates of Owens College 
 before 1880. It was a happy circumstance, Professor Wilkins said, 
 that Mr. Brierley applied for the privilege in a year following that 
 in which he had been chairman of the Associates, in a year in which 
 he had been chairman of the Owens College Union, and in a year 
 in which his devotion to the College had been conspicuous and 
 splendidly fruitful. 
 
 The proceedings then concluded. 
 
 Description of the Whitworth Hall. 
 
 The Whitworth Hall extends from Burlington Street to the 
 Museum tower, lying roughly north and south. Its length is 130 feet 
 and its breadth 50 feet. It is connected with the Museum by an 
 archway, under which is the main entrance to the College. The 
 spaces between the seven buttresses which flank it are occupied by 
 pairs of tricuspid windows, lighting the large hall above, and plainer 
 windows below lighting the ground floor. The seventh and eighth 
 bays on the east side are occupied by a porch, surmounted by an 
 arcaded stone screen, with turrets on either side and three lancet 
 windows, which forms the entrance from Oxford Street. At each 
 angle of the Burlington Street end is a square tower. These have 
 small turrets at each corner joined by arcaded parapets, under which 
 are corbels simulating machicolations. The storey of the towers just 
 below this is of open pointed arches. 
 
 On the south side the two lower stories are left quite plain, but on 
 the east and west side of the respective towers are two fine oriel 
 windows, supported on conical buttresses, tapering into the walls a few 
 feet from the ground. The space between the towers is occupied by a 
 large window with stone tracery, on either side of which are buttresses 
 crowned by octagonal turrets. The gable above is decorated with 
 arcading and surmounted by a finial like a stool turned upside down, 
 

" v 01 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
WHITWORTH HALL. 97 
 
 with a leg longer than the others in the centre. At the base of the 
 south side of the western tower is an entrance from Burlington Street. 
 Just north of this tower is a corridor connecting the Hall with the 
 Christie Library, and a projection forming the service room of the 
 Hall. The blank spaces on the south walls of the towers bear shields 
 with the arms of the College (on the east tower) and Sir Joseph 
 Whitworth (on the west tower). 
 
 The interior is divided into two stories. On the ground floor is a 
 long corridor, stretching from an entrance under the archway leading 
 from Oxford Street to the College quadrangle, to an entrance hall at 
 the south end of the building. At either side of this corridor are 
 rooms opening by doorways one into the other. From the entrance hall 
 staircases rise against the south wall on either side to the large hall, 
 and from these further staircases lead to small galleries, placed on either 
 side of the hall at the south end, and communicate with the back of a 
 gallery rising in tiers at the same end. The great hall itself is 130 feet 
 long by 50 feet broad, and 65 feet high. The north end is filled up by 
 the platform, with galleries on either side, and the organ. The roof, 
 which is constructed of oak beams on a modification of the hammer 
 beam principle, is supported by six granite columns, on which rest 
 the principals, which are arranged in the form of pointed arches. 
 The subsidiary arches, which support these, have at their junction 
 carved figures of eagles. The panelling, galleries, organ loft, and 
 platform are of light polished oak. The hall is lighted mainly by six 
 pairs of large windows on either side, and a large window at the south 
 end. There is also a window to the right of the platform, and one 
 in each of the northernmost bays. The artificial lighting is by 
 twelve chandeliers, each containing seventeen incandescent lights. 
 The large window contains the coats of arms of various benefactors 
 of the College. 
 
 Note. — The arms are as follows, beginning with the topmost row 
 at the left : — 
 
 (1) Victoria University, Owens College. 
 
 (2) Faulkner, Owens, City of Manchester, County of Lancaster, 
 Devonshire, Beyer (shield with name). 
 
 (3) Ashton, Christie, Whitworth, Fielden, Eylands. 
 
 H 
 
98 DINNER AND STUDENTS' CELEBRATIONS 
 
 The Jubilee Dinner. 
 
 On the evening of Thursday, March 13th, a dinner was given by 
 the Council of the College in the Whitworth Hall, " to meet the 
 delegates of Universities and Colleges and recipients of honorary 
 degrees." Nearly 200 guests were present, including many Governors 
 of the College, the members of the Senate and teaching staff and 
 others. Mr. Alderman Thompson, the Treasurer of the College, 
 presided, and seated with him at the high table were the Lord Bishop 
 (Dr. Moorhouse), the Lord Mayor of Manchester (Mr. Alderman 
 Hoy), Sir William Anson, Mr. Edward Donner, Sir Frank Forbes 
 Adam, Prof. Ramsay, Prof. Osborne Reynolds, the Principal, Miss 
 Emily Penrose, Dr. Mahaffy, Dr. Merry (Rector of Lincoln College, 
 Oxford), Prof. Voigt, and other distinguished guests. The tables 
 placed at right angles to the high table were each presided over by a 
 member of the Senate. 
 
 The toasts of the King, of the Prince and Princess of Wales, and 
 of the Royal Family, which came first, had a very special importance 
 and significance in view of the kindness of the Prince and Princess 
 of Wales in coming to open the Whitworth Hall the day before, a 
 fact which was not lost sight of by the chairman in proposing these 
 loyal toasts. The Warden of All Souls (Sir William Anson), whose 
 connection with Manchester equally with his gift of graceful humour 
 and polished oratory peculiarly fitted him for the part, proposed the 
 toast of " The College." Mr. Donner and Prof. Reynolds replied 
 on behalf of the College. The next toast, that of " The City of 
 Manchester," was proposed by Sir Frank Forbes Adam, and replied 
 to by the Lord Mayor. The toast of " The Delegates," proposed by 
 the Principal, was replied to by Prof. Ramsay, of Glasgow. The 
 toast of " The New Graduates " was proposed by Prof. Weiss, and 
 replied to by Dr. Merry, Prof. Voigt, and Prof. Angellier. Prof. 
 Voigt spoke in his native tongue, as did Prof. Angellier. Both were 
 listened to with great interest, and received with great applause. 
 The proceedings terminated with the toast of " The Chairman," 
 proposed by the Lord Bishop. 
 
AT OWENS COLLEGE. 99 
 
 Student Celebrations. 
 
 On Friday, March 14th, the students celebrated the Jubilee in an 
 informal and characteristic manner. The programme consisted of a 
 fancy-dress torchlight procession through the city, to be followed by 
 a smoking concert in the new hall. Soon after six o'clock about three 
 hundred students assembled in the quadrangle, and arrayed as they 
 were as all sorts and conditions of men, in garments of all shapes 
 and sizes, gave it a weird and fantastic appearance. Lit only by the 
 dim flicker-of hundreds of Chinese lanterns borne aloft on sticks and 
 wavering to and fro as their bearers moved, the quadrangle certainly 
 looked more like the scene of some mad carnival in a foreign land 
 than a plot of sober English ground surrounded by academic walls. 
 Some of the most conspicuous apparitions must be placed on record. 
 Britannia, with shining helmet, loomed large and gracious, happy in 
 the possession of a menacing trident, while a green-coated Irishman 
 flourished his blackthorn shillelagh in another part of the quadrangle. 
 There were many gentlemen in kilts — relics, doubtless, of extinct 
 Highland clans, and more than one son of the Far East. A sprightly 
 cleric and a North American Indian, a gibbering ghost (of whom or 
 of what was part of the mystery that surrounded it), and a benign 
 sandwich man, were of the company. One gentleman, in an access 
 of loyalty to his Alma Mater, had donned what would perhaps be 
 most correctly described as a " confection " of the College colours, 
 and another wore grotesque academicals, whose precise significance 
 no man knew. There were vagrants and female domestics, as well as 
 most of the ubiquitous and decadent figures of the comic press. 
 Shortly before seven o'clock the word was given to light up torches, 
 and the procession, headed by four mounted policemen, marched 
 out of the quadrangle to the inspiring strains of bagpipes, more 
 pungent than melodious. Large and demonstrative crowds 
 lined the route of the procession, which was as follows : 
 Oxford Street, Mount Street, Albert Square, Cross Street, Market 
 Street, Piccadilly, Portland Street, and back to the College by Oxford 
 Street again. Unfortunately the rain began to fall when Albert 
 Square was reached, but it only served to accelerate the pace of the 
 
100 DR. McLAREN'S SERMON 
 
 procession, and did not lessen the enthusiasm either of the students 
 or of the multitudes who cheered their progress through the streets. 
 On returning to the College, the greater part of the procession 
 entered the Whitworth Hall, where preparations had been made on a 
 large scale for the smoking concert, and which, with its numerous 
 refreshment tables, presented an essentially social aspect, strongly 
 in contrast to its ceremonious appearance on the preceding morning. 
 Mr. Barclay occupied the chair during a miscellaneous but thoroughly 
 enjoyable programme. Pianoforte solos, songs, and sketches were 
 given by the following gentlemen : Messrs. A. Jones, F. da Cunha, 
 F. Walmsley, S. Heathcote, H. Gregson, It. N. Porter, and Hartley. 
 During the evening, too, speeches were made at the importunate 
 request of the audience by Mr. Collier and Professor Dixon. About 
 eleven o'clock the gathering broke up, after " Auld Lang Syne " and 
 " God Save the King " had been sung. 
 
 Dr. McLaren's Sermon. 
 
 As the celebrations of the Jubilee had been prefaced by a religious 
 service, it was fitting that they should be concluded in the same way. 
 Accordingly the Rev. Alexander McLaren, D.D., Litt.D., preached a 
 commemoration sermon in the Union Chapel, Oxford Street, on 
 Sunday, March 16th, 1902. The immense congregation that 
 assembled on the occasion was largely composed of members of the 
 College. Dr. McLaren took as his text : 
 
 " Wisdom is the principal thing ; therefore get wisdom, and 
 with all thy getting get understanding." — Prov. iv. 7. 
 and preached the following sermon : — 
 
 I should not have presumed on my own motion to have arranged 
 for this service, but having been asked to do so by members of the 
 Council of Owens College, I gladly give effect to the suggestion, 
 though the gladness is tempered by the consciousness of inability to 
 find words adequate to this occasion and to this audience. It was 
 fitting that the ceremonies of the week should be, as it were, enclosed 
 in a circlet of religious observances, thus bringing together literature 
 and science, civic and ecclesiastical life as fellow-workers over large 
 fields. At the initial service of last Sunday a voice, to which we all 
 
AT UNION CHAPEL. 101 
 
 listen with deference and profit, spoke with official as well as personal 
 authority for the Church as by law established. I have no mandate 
 to represent the Free Churches with which I am more immediately 
 connected, but I am sure that I speak for them when I associate them 
 most cordially with the felicitations and good wishes already so 
 abundantly offered. I have, at least, one qualification to be their 
 mouthpiece in that I can recall the early days of struggle of the 
 College, and preserve through all the intervening years fresh and 
 radiant the memory of the brilliant and meditative genius of its first 
 Principal, as well as that of the scholarly modesty, and wise, 
 persistent administrative efficiency of its second Principal, and those 
 of many toilers of whose unrequited labours, as they seem, in sowing 
 the seed we are now reaping the harvest. 
 
 The Hebrew sage, whose words I have read, lays down in them 
 the principle of which all colleges and places of learning are the 
 outcome, and which it is their highest function to keep clear before 
 themselves as guiding and animating their work, and to witness for 
 in the community in which they may be set, where lower ideals are 
 but too often followed. But it is important to observe that the 
 conception which he associates with wisdom is not altogether that 
 which we sometimes connect with the word. It is by no means 
 synonymous with lore of any kind. It is not merely intellectual; 
 it is ethical and practical. It guides life, restraining, impelling, 
 directing, and correcting, and, above all, it is in touch with God. 
 He casts his conception into the likeness of an august, sovereign 
 woman, bearing in her hands chaplets and crowns, wealth, riches, 
 length of days, and honour for her votaries, preparing a table for 
 them to which she invites the simple in heart, herself co-eternal with 
 God, and the artificer of His works. Now, if we bring these glowing 
 impersonations down to plain prose they come to this, amongst other 
 things, that " the principal thing " is character rightly formed, 
 graced with beauty, endowed with strength, subject to an austere 
 morality, and in contact with God. That is the Hebrew conception 
 of " wisdom," and, may I venture to say, that is the ideal of the 
 ultimate end of all learning, literature, science, and art, by which the 
 teachers will be ennobled and the taught will be builded up in 
 
102 DR. McLAREN'S SERMON 
 
 proportion as they keep it clear before them. Not merely to impart 
 instruction, not merely to train for professions or for commerce does 
 this great institution of which we are speaking this evening stand 
 amongst us, but in order that, by means of imparted 
 instruction and trained faculties, it may tend to build up men of the 
 highest type — men who can govern themselves, men who can grasp 
 behind the seen and temporary the Unseen, which is the cause of it all 
 and the home of our hearts. In proportion as the teacher loses sight of 
 that farthest aim he narrows himself ; in proportion as the taught loses 
 sight of it he misses the purpose of his learning. Brethren, if I may 
 venture to speak now to those who are immediately connected with 
 Owens College, the ideal may seem very remote from the dry, dusty 
 details of the daily tasks, but the pole star is not too high to be 
 steered by, and the true deliverance from the drudgery of the Real is 
 the clear vision of the Ideal. 
 
 Now, from this highest point of view we can comprehend most 
 clearly two or three things. 
 
 We can comprehend, for example, the true relations between a 
 college and the community in the midst of which it is set down. It 
 is impossible to over-estimate the benefit of having planted in the 
 midst of a great centre of commercial life an institution, the very 
 existence of which is a perpetual witness that there are higher things 
 in the world and truer wealth than all the success and the riches that 
 can be won in mills and warehouses. It is of priceless value that this 
 College, like Wisdom — its mother — -should stand " in the high places 
 of the city," and cry aloud, " Eat of my meat." Its function is to 
 stand for ideas and ideals, to penetrate the mass with shafts of 
 light and to slay some mud-serpents, to exalt non-material good. It 
 is not only the few that are taught, but it is the multitude who 
 never cross its threshold, that feel in varying degrees the force of the 
 silent rebuke, or, at least, the silent protest which it lifts up against 
 the lower conceptions of " the principal thing," which are only too 
 rampant in this great city. And so, not to be sequestered in 
 academic groves, but to be plunged into the midst of toiling 
 multitudes, is one of the felicities of this institution. We cannot too 
 highly value the power which radiates from a college in the midst 
 of a great commercial centre. 
 
AT UNION CHAPEL. 103 
 
 But while, on the one hand, the College has duties to Manchester, 
 on the other hand, Manchester has duties to the College, which it is of 
 the highest advantage to the city that it should clearly recognise 
 and generously discharge ; and many rich men have wisely devoted a 
 portion of their wealth to enlarge the powers of this great institution. 
 But it has claims not on individuals only, but on the community, for 
 it is doing yeoman service for the community, not merely in 
 communicating instruction on subjects bearing upon commerce 
 and industry, but in the other ways to which I have referred, and 
 thus deserves, and, I venture to hope, will receive liberal civic aid 
 to one of the most important factors for good in our civic life. 
 
 From this same highest point of view the relations between 
 learning and religion are discerned to be harmonious and complemen- 
 tary, not antagonistic and mutually exclusive, as some unwise 
 partisans on either side are too fond of insisting that they are. The 
 representatives may be hostile — the principles are not. The aim of 
 learning, as I have tried to point out, is to turn out men of the 
 highest type ; the aim of religion is the same. Their methods differ, 
 their conceptions of what is the highest type sometimes differ too, 
 but they are not antagonistic. Two mountain ranges stand looking 
 across at each other and separated by a broad plain, but the streams 
 that flow down their flanks pass into a common channel and fertilise 
 the valley, and the peaks that tower so high and are so far apart 
 spring from one deep-lying rock formation far below the surface. 
 And so, whatever may be the attitude of the representatives, there is 
 a unity in aim in these two mighty powers — learning and religion. 
 No doubt there often appears to be antagonism, when learning comes 
 to corrode some of the human outworks of religion— and thereby to 
 do it a service by removing the things that can be shaken, that the 
 things which cannot be shaken may remain. The cathedral stands 
 revealed in its majesty and its symmetry when the mean booths that 
 cluster round it, like fungus round the bole of an elm tree, are swept 
 away. No doubt a student absorbed in his own special study has but 
 a tepid interest in things outside it — and that temptation of all scholars 
 is intensified to-day by the necessary specialising which follows on 
 the immense accumulation of material— but indifference to anything 
 
104 DR. McLAREN'S SERMON. 
 
 else arising from preoccupation with his own subject is by no means 
 peculiar to the student; but alas! it determines the relation to 
 religion, of men in all callings and in all circumstances. They are 
 no friends of either who try to pit them in antagonism to one another, 
 and the zealots in both camps would be all the better for remembering 
 the wider outlook taught us by Him who said : " He that is not 
 against us is for us." 
 
 But I should be unfaithful, dear friends, to my deepest convictions 
 if I did not avow that I for one believe that after all learning and 
 culture, there remain deep, primal, ineradicable, universal needs 
 which learning and culture will never satisfy. We have all of us one 
 human heart, and it is fashioned alike, whether it beats beneath the 
 gown of the scholar or the jacket of the workman, and its cry, often 
 stifled, often misinterpreted, never silenced altogether, is for God, 
 for the living God. We need, we all need, a Person behind and above 
 the whirl of circumstance, and the miracles of matter, on whom to 
 lean, to whom to submit, in whom to trust, with whom to be at rest. 
 We all need consciences to be cleansed, perverse and enfeebled and en- 
 slaved wills to be emancipated by submission to rightful authority, 
 the power of evil within us lo be broken, the seducing voices of evil 
 without us to be hushed — and there is but One that can do all that for 
 us. The glowing impersonation of the Hebrew sage has received an 
 advancement and a realisation of which he little dreamed. It has 
 taken flesh and blood, and has come amongst us, in Him who is the 
 power of God and the wisdom of God, " the Light that lighteth every 
 man that cometh into the world," God's Son, man's Brother, King 
 of all. He can impart to each what none else can give. Literature, 
 science, art, have brought us priceless riches, but they leave us still 
 poor. Their highest honour is to be second, not first — second to none 
 but to Him, and their noblest function is to stand and cry, " We are 
 not that Light, but we are sent to bear witness of that Light." 
 " Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world." 
 May we all, teachers and taught, hearers and speaker, betake our- 
 selves to Him in living trust and loving obedience, that so we may 
 be wise with His wisdom and may attain to the highest type of 
 manhood, being men " in Christ!" 
 
Addresses 
 
ADDRESSES. 107 
 
 UNITED KINGDOM. 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi 
 
 apud mancunienses 
 
 Cancellarils Magistri et Scholares Universitatis Oxoniensis 
 
 Salvere iubent. 
 
 Gratulainur vobis, viri docti, decimum lustrum felici auspicio 
 liodie celebrantibus ; nee quidquam nobis gratius quam in hac urbe, 
 proprio mercaturae et negotiorum domicilio, dignum et spectabile 
 Musarum Scientiaeque templuni intrare et doctorum virorum coetui 
 interesse. lam vero quod quinquaginta modo annos confecit, ipsa 
 temporum ratio Societatem vestram fortasse vel immaturitatis vel 
 virium nondum adultarum arguere videretur ; vos tamen venerandum 
 illud Sapientis praeconium ultro estis consecuti, qui " consummatus 
 in brevi multa tempora expleverit." Nobis quidem tarn mirabilia 
 studiorum incrementa, tot tantosque praesides, praepositos, 
 professores, discipulos, ceterosque Collegii alumnos contemplantibus, 
 ad summum doctrinae fastigium tempestive potius quam nimium 
 festinanter pervenisse videmini. 
 
 Ab auspicato Collegii initio adeo non defecistis, ut iamiam 
 novorum aedificiorum accessione, nova rei familiaris amplificatione 
 ita adaucti estis ut nulli non oneri sustinendo satis superque sufficiatis. 
 
 Quapropter nos Oxonienses, de fortunis vestris optimam spem 
 atque exspectationem habentes, fausta et felicia vobis et precari et 
 augurari haud unquam desinemus. 
 
 Datum in Domo nostra Convocationis die quarto mensis 
 Februarii A.S. MDCCCCII. 
 
 ( SEAL } 
 
 
108 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Cambridge. 
 
 Universitatis Victorianae Collegium Owensianum 
 
 apud mancunienses 
 
 Salvere jubet 
 
 Universitas Cantabrigiensis. 
 
 Rem nobis pergratam fecistis, viri doctissimi, quod annum 
 quinquagesimum Collegii vestri ab origine feliciter exactum 
 propediem celebraturi, etiam nostram Universitatem laetitiae vestrae 
 participem esse voluistis. Sunt sane multae benevolentiae mutuae 
 causae, quae Universitati nostrae cum Collegio vestro intercedunt. 
 Primum imperii Britannici in eadem parte positi, studiorum 
 communium consuetudine vobiscum sumus consociati; deinde Pro- 
 fessorum vestrorum in ordine insigni ex alumnis nostris complures 
 non sine gaudio numeramus; denique non modo Collegii vestri in 
 Praeside illustri, Cancellario nostro, sed etiam in Procancellario 
 nostro, Universitatis vestrae Victorianae plus quam semel Procan- 
 cellario, habemus magna necessitudinis vincula. Ergo ad Collegium 
 vestrum, Universitatis Victorianae e Collegiis tribus natu maximum, 
 legatos tres libenter mittimus, primum Procancellarium nostrum 
 vobis omnibus notissimum, deinde unum e Professoribus nostris, 
 unum etiam e Senatus nostri Concilio, quorum uterque vobis erit eo 
 gratior quod vestri Collegii ex umbraculis egressus Academiae nostrae 
 nemora non sine laude intravit. Nuntios igitur nostros, nostrum 
 omnium nomine honoris causa ad vos missos, et feriis vestris 
 celebrandis, et aulae illi novae Academicos in usus dedicandae, 
 multum iuvabit ipsos interesse. Nos interim Collegio vestro insigni, 
 Universitatis quoque nomine iamdudum dignissimo, per saecula 
 plurima etiam in posterum omnia prospera exoptabimus. Valete. 
 
 Datum Cantabrigiae Idibus Februariis A.S. MCMIL 
 
ADDRESSES. 109 
 
 St. Andrews 
 
 Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi 
 
 APUD MaNCUNIENSES 
 
 Salvere iubet 
 
 Universitas Sancti Andreae apud Scotos. 
 
 no quidem cum gaudio litteras vestras accepimus quibus 
 eertiores sumus facti vos diem festum agere, gaudiique vestri 
 participes fieri a vobis comiter invitati summo studio volumus. Quare 
 ad vos mittimus delegatos qui vobis animum nostrum erga vos 
 declarent, quos amice missos amice ut excipiatis oramus. Valete. 
 
 Jacobus Donaldson, LL.D. 
 Vice Cancellarius. 
 
 Ad Sancti Andreae apud Scotos, Kal. Jan. MCMII. 
 
110 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Glasgow. 
 
 COLLEGIVM OWENSE APVD MaNCVNIENSES 
 
 Sal verb Ivbet 
 Vntversitas Glasgvensis. 
 
 Gratissimum vero nobis, viri doctissimi, fecistis quod in partem 
 vestri gaudii iubilaeas f erias celebrantium Yniversitatem et Collegium 
 nostrum adbibere voluistis, necessitudinisque inter Collegia nostra 
 tarn arte usque ab initiis vestris coniunctae haud immemores fore 
 existimastis. 
 
 Quippe arrisimus nascentibus, adolescentes fovimus, et plenis iam 
 annis ad maturitatem pervenisse gaudemus; tantosque tantuli 
 temporis et in litteris et in scientia admirati profectus, summis vos 
 laudibus ornare et eumulare cupimus. Quas nostras gratulationes eo 
 libentius largimur quod nobis anno proximo simili de causa ferian- 
 tibus tarn comiter adfuistis, doetissimeque monuistis similia vos 
 nostris studia in regione simillima exercere; namque et ipsi famam 
 ex fumo peperistis, frontemque Industriae ferrugineam Apollinari 
 laurea circumdedistis. 
 
 Iuvat etiam recordari quot e doctoribus et discipulis nostris in 
 vestrum gremium excepti sint, quot e professoribus nostris 
 dilectissimis in Academia vestra instituti : quorum unus, eheu ! 
 doctrinis ornatus omnibus, his nuper diebus, ipse nobiscum hisee 
 feriis adfuturus, acerba morte summo omnium desiderio ereptus est. 
 
 Quocirca non sine aegritudine quadam vestris feriis adsistimus, 
 feriantibusque omnia bona fausta felicia et nunc et in posterum 
 exoptamus. 
 
 Dabamus Glasguae, Prid. Id. Mart., A.D. MCMII. 
 
 R. Herbert Story, 
 Praefectus et Vice-Cancellarius. 
 
 ( SEAL J 
 
ADDRESSES. Ill 
 
 Aberdeen. 
 
 To the Court of Governors, the Council, and the Senate of the 
 Owens College, Manchester. 
 
 The Senatus of the University of Aberdeen has the honour of 
 associating itself with other Universities and Learned Societies in 
 offering its most cordial congratulations on the events which make 
 the year 1902 an Annus Mirabilis in the history of Owens College. 
 
 Jubilee celebrations invite restrospect. The foundation of a 
 college in the heart of a busy manufacturing and commercial city, 
 fifty years ago, illustrated the widening range of thought in the 
 nineteenth century as to the relations of higher academical 
 instruction to the social and industrial developments of the country. 
 The Senatus shares in your satisfaction on account of the remarkable 
 prosperity of the College during the five past decades. Having 
 regard to the eminence of those who have filled its Chairs; to the 
 service which it has rendered in the cultivation of the liberal Arts, 
 and the applications of Science; to the grateful appreciation of its 
 benefits evidenced by the ever-increasing number of Students; and 
 to the public confidence and esteem which the sense of its utility has 
 inspired; the Northern University, whose record extends back over 
 more than four centuries, recognises, in the College, a worthy 
 constituent of the Republic of Letters, a younger sister whose 
 attainment, already great, is the promise of still greater things. 
 
 The Whitworth Hall, whose opening is a conspicuous feature of 
 your days of rejoicing, is a noble expression of the enlightened 
 liberality by which the interests of Education have, in recent years, 
 been furthered. The Senatus is assured that your College will make 
 full use of the scope for expansions of study which the New Hall will 
 afford. 
 
 The Senatus has appointed the Principal of the University and 
 
112 ADDRESSES. 
 
 two of its members, Professors Trail and Cash, to present this 
 Address, and to convey its warm and friendly greetings. Its 
 sanguine expectation is that, as an Institution for the promotion of 
 research, the pursuit of knowledge, and the ascertainment of truth, 
 Owens College will not only maintain, but will add to, the achieve- 
 ment of the past. 
 
 Signed in the name of the Senatus. 
 
 The University, Aberdeen, March, 1902. 
 
ADDRESSES. 113 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI APUD MaNCUNIENSES 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Universitas Academica Edinburgensis. 
 
 Collegium vestrum, Yiri Doctissimi, neque tanto a nobis locorum 
 intervallo seiunctum est neque fama tarn obscurum neque a 
 privatarum vinculis amicitiarum tarn remotum — quotusquisque enim 
 nostrum est quin aliquem ex vestro coetu noverit, quotusquisque 
 vestrum quin aliquem ex nostro? — ut non iampridem nobis 
 innotuerint et magna eius ac praeclara in educandis adulescentibus 
 merita et ad provehendam scientiam litterasque excolendas quantam 
 quam feliciter navaverit operam. Quoniam igitur iam quinqua- 
 gesimum huius felicitatis annum sollemnibus feriis celebraturi estis, 
 idque non modo non imminutis viribus, sed novis aucti, sed nova spe 
 incensi, nova adeo Aula, quam in usus Academicos vos dedicaturos 
 scribitis, locupletati, hoc vos rogamus atque impense oramus ut multis 
 multorum votis benevolentiaeque indiciis, quae undique ad vos hoc 
 tempore delatum iri confidimus, nostrorum quoque votorum pro 
 salute vestra voluntatisque erga vos nostrae testimonium (quod legati 
 quoque a nobis missi praesentes confirmabunt) adicere liceat. 
 
 Optamus igitur vobis quae optari possunt optima, ut et 
 discipulorum numero ac sedulitate Collegium vestrum floreat et 
 docentium virtute ac praestantia inclarescat et aedificiorum ac 
 librorum copia quam maxima et commodissima instruatur utque, cum 
 centesimum annum impleverit, neque minus prosperum neque minus 
 strenuum sit neque minus dignum cui a successoribus nostris similis 
 iterum gratulatio, similia vota simili futuri spe perferantur. Yaleatis 
 fausteque ac feliciter has ferias agatis. 
 
 (Signed) Gtul. Muir, Praefectus. 
 
 L. J. Grant, Senatus Academici Secretarius. 
 
 Dabamus Edinburgi Mense Martio MCMII. 
 
114 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Dublin. 
 
 Collegium Mancunii sub nomine venerando Owens institutum et 
 iam annos quinquaginta feliciter decursos eelebraturum plurimum 
 salvere iubemus. Spatio temporis brevi in optimam existimationem 
 crevistis, et Angliae partibus septentrionalibus facem illam doctrinae 
 praetulistis, quae diu meridionalibus tantum affulsit. Aedi 
 Universitatis quae augustum nomen Victoriae iactat nos praecipue 
 laetis animis gratulamur qui Elizabethae, alteri inter reginas 
 fastorum Britannicorum decori, ortum debemus. Igitur bos viros 
 doctos adlegamus Jobannem Pentland Mabafty, S.T.P. Guilelmum 
 McNeile Dixon, LL.D. dignos ut speramus qui feriis vestris intersint 
 et nostris verbis fausta omnia vobis comprecentur. 
 
 Dabamus Dublini mense Febr. MCMII. 
 
ADDRESSES. 115 
 
 London. 
 
 TJniversitas Londinensis 
 collegio owensi 
 
 S. D. P. 
 
 Fortunatam nobis occasionem litterae vestrae praebuerunt ut 
 antiquam consuetudinem et amicitiam nunc bonis auguriis 
 confirmemus, Collegio Owensi ferias natales celebranti ex animo 
 gratulemur. Quod cum omnibus qui in his studiis versantur gaudio 
 erit, turn nobis potissimum, qui in bac tanta varietate negotiorum hoc 
 strepitu laborum occupati imaginem perfectae disciplinae exprimere 
 conamur, haud nescii vos eandem speciem doctrinae intuentes eundem 
 cursum vobis instituendum proposuisse. Neque enim nos caligine 
 quotidiana oppressi vitam umbratilem laudamus, et vobis illud 
 Pericleum cordi est, " sine mollitie philosophari," ut civitatem 
 vestram omnibus luminibus artium liberalium communitam babeatis. 
 At nos cum Collegio Mancuniensi artissima necessitudine coniunctos 
 esse ipse praesens omni praeconio melius testabitur, quern hodie 
 adlegavimus, amplissimum et ornatissimum virum, scientia naturae 
 et occultarum rerum praestantissimum, Henricum Roscoe, apud nos 
 vice Cancellarii officium gerentem. Cui viros doctissimos adiunximus 
 Arturum Gulielmum Rucker, Thomam Barlow, Gulielmum Paton 
 Ker, qui rite vobis omnia fausta et felicia precentur, domum 
 Owensem in aeternum florere iubeant. 
 
 Dabamus Londini die XXII°. mensis Januarii, A.S. MDCCCCII . 
 
 Johannes, Comes de Kimberley, Cancellarius. 
 Henricus E. Roscoe, Pro-Cancellarius. 
 Edwardus Henricus Busk, Praeses Graduatorum 
 
 Convocatorum. 
 Arturus Gulielmus Rucker, Praefectus. 
 
116 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Durham. 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TTniVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 apud mancunienses 
 Universitas Dunelmensis 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Litteras vestras grato admodum animo accepimus : turn quia cordi 
 est gratulari vobis quod per decern lustra praelata ingenuarum artium 
 lampade tutam facilemque alumnis eruditionis viam illustraristis, 
 turn quia nobis tarn fausta occasione utendi et vestri gaudii partem 
 capessendi feeistis copiam. Quam sincero autem animo vobis 
 gratulemur ex ore legati quern hospitio vestro commendamus amplius 
 quam per litteras praedicatum iri speramus. Fortunatum sane 
 ducimus quern ad vos misimus — Josepbum Thomam Fowler, civilis 
 legis doctorem, alumnum nostrum, rerum antiquarum studiosissimum 
 — quippe cui aedificia ista tanta patronorum munificentia exstructa, 
 suo quodque operi aptissime accomodata mirari contigerit, atque in 
 novissimam illam basilicam Josepbo Wbitwortb cognominem 
 principe nostro dilecto praeeunte introire, quae in Meridionali parte 
 aulae Orientem versus sita " Ardua ad Solem " fastigia erigit. 
 
 Optamus denique ut Collegio vestro in annos fama crescat; ut 
 alumnis accedat numerus ; ut artium et disciplinarum qualiumcunque 
 cultus floreat ; ut f elix f austusque illucescat f estorum dies, et labores 
 vestri per plurima in futurum lustra f ortunentur ! Valete. 
 
 Dabamus Id. Mart. MCMII. 
 
ADDRESSES. 117 
 
 Wales. 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN UnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 Universitas Cambrensis 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Gratulamur Yobis, Viri Doctissimi, quod quinquaginta iani annos 
 feliciter emensi, Ferias quod aiunt Iubilaeas estis concelebraturi. 
 Celebrantibus omnia fausta et felicia ominamur et petentibus ut unus 
 e nobis gaudii vestri testis particepsque fiat, nos quippe communium 
 studiorum consuetudine et artioribus quibusdam vinculis consociati 
 eo libentius obsequimur, quod e vobis unus et alter his annis laborum 
 nostrorum in partem vocati maximo cum nostro commodo doctrinam 
 suam usumque impertiverunt. Accedit quod auctor ipse vester 
 conditorque, vir in summa apud posteros observantia reponendus, 
 patre Cambrensi ortus efficit ut nos quasi propinquitate quadam 
 coniuncti vestro gaudio gaudeamus. Legatum igitur nostrum, 
 Procancellarium Universitatis nostrae, Collegio apud Aberystwythiam 
 eundem Praepositum, Thomam Franciseum Roberts benignitati 
 vestrae commendamus. Valete. 
 
 Dabamus Nonis Martiis. MCMII. 
 
 At Goleg Owens ym Mhrifysgol Victoria 
 
 Prifysgol Cymru yn anfon annerch. 
 
 Llongyfarchwn chwi, wyr dysgedicaf, oblegid cyrhaedd ohonoch 
 yn llwyddiannus derfyn banner can mlynedd, a'ch bod yn awr ar fin 
 dathlu Gwyl eich Jiwbili. Ar yr wyl hon eiddunwn i chwi bob 
 llwyddiant a Uawenydd, ac mewn ateb i'ch cais ar ddyfod un ohonom 
 yn dyst ac yn gyfrannog o'ch hyfrydwch, wele ninau, megis wedi 
 ein cysylltu a chwi yn rhwymyn yr un efrydiau a hefyd ryw rwymau 
 eraill tynnach, o hynny yn barotach yn ufuddhau, drwy fod un neu 
 
118 ADDRESSES. 
 
 ddau ohonoch yn ystod y blynyddoedd hyn wedi eu galw gennym i 
 ddwyn rhan o'n llafur ni, ac, er em mawr ennill, wedi cyfranu ini 
 o'u dysg a'u profiad. Ymhellach drwy fod eich sefydlydd a'ch 
 sylfaenydd chwi, gwr a deilynga'r parch dyfnaf gan yr oesoedd a 
 ddel, yn fab i dad o Gymro, par hyn ein bod ninnau, yn rhwymyn ein 
 perthynas, yn llawenhau yn eich llawenydd chwi. Gan hynny 
 cyflwynwn Is-Ganghellydd ein Prifysgol a Phrifathraw ein Coleg yn 
 Aberystwyth, sef Thomas Francis Roberts fel ein cenad i'ch 
 inwyneidd-dra chwi. Byddwch wych. 
 
 Mawrth 7 fed 1902. 
 
 George P., Cancellarius. 
 
ADDRESSES. 119 
 
 Birmingham. 
 
 CONCILIO ET SENATUI 
 
 COLLEGII OWENSIS IN UnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 APUD MANCUNIENSES 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Universitas Birminghamensis. 
 
 Vobis, Collegae Mancunienses, natalem quinquagesimum vestrum 
 in aula ilia nova celebrantibus, qua aedificiorum vestrorum rationi 
 tamquam manus extrema accessit, nomine Academiae nostrae vix e 
 carceribus emissae gratulamur, et pro perpetua salute vestra vota pia 
 nuncupamus. Collegium Owense tamquam sororem maiorem natu et 
 iam adultam salutamus, quae iam inde a medio saeculo undevicesimo 
 scientiarum artiumque fautrix exstitit " vitaiqua lampada tradidit," 
 et omnibus Collegiis hodiernis quae in Anglia eisdem rebus studeant 
 exemplar ad imitandum proposuit. Atque optime de patria nostra 
 communi meruit Universitas Victoriensis, quae, vestra stirpi insita, 
 tria Collegia septentrionalia diversa loco, natura consortia et cognata, 
 in unum quoddam corpus civitatis academicae consociaverit. 
 Gratissimis vos, Collegae Victorienses, animis semper prosequemur, 
 quod et vobis et ceteris Collegiis quae in municipiis hodiernis 
 mercatura et fabrica florentibus scientiarum artiumque cognitionem 
 docendo atque investigando promoveant libertatem academicam 
 vindicavistis. 
 
 Quidquid in reliquum tempus instat, sive Universitas vestra 
 triformis integra et immota mansura est, sive stirps ista communis 
 trifariam germinabit et subole pulcherrima novarum Universitatum 
 amplificabitur, vobis nos vinculis artissimis amicitiae coniunctos et 
 
120 ADDRESSES. 
 
 hodie esse gloriamur et semper fore optamus auguramurque. Vivat 
 et vigeat Academia Mancuniensis, atque sui memores alios faciat, ut 
 adhuc fecit, merendo! 
 
 Datum ad Birmingham et communi sigillo Universitatis 
 obsignatum a. d. VI. Id. Mart. A.S. MCMII. 
 
 Subscripserunt Charles G. Beale, Vice-Cancellarius. 
 Oliver J. Lodge, Praefectus. 
 Geo. H. Morley, Secretariats. 
 
 [ SEAL ) 
 
 
ADDRESSES. 121 
 
 COLONIES AND INDIA. 
 MacGill, Montreal. 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJnivERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 APUD MANCUNIENSES 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Universitas Macgilliana 
 
 Monte Begio in Provincia Canadensi sita 
 
 Quas nuper ad nos, viri doctissimi, dedistis litteras laeto animo 
 accepimus, gratiasque vel maximas agimus quod, ferias celebraturi 
 quas in eum diem indixistis qui Collegii vestri natalis erit quinquage- 
 simus, nos quoque trans Oceanum in partem gaudii vestri vocare 
 voluistis. Ut enim inter omnes qui Britannicum prae se ferunt 
 nomen summa hodie exstat voluntatum, consiliorum, cogitationum 
 consensio, ita scitote non deesse et apud nos qui probe exploratum 
 habeant quantum per hosce quinquaginta annos domi effecerit 
 Academia vestra, et quantam etiam foris sit consecuta laudem, quippe 
 unde velut a felici quadam stirpe provenerit tarn laeta progenies 
 collegiorum, non solum in celeberrimis Angliae urbibus sed etiam 
 Taoduni in regno Scotorum : quorum omnium haec praecipua est 
 laus, quod civibus universis, quoquo loco natis, viam quandam quasi 
 optime munitam patefecerunt ad omnia humanitatis, litterarum, 
 scientiae excolenda studia. Nee vero praeteritos tantum annos 
 prospere peractos vobis gratulamur, sed etiam in futurum fortunam 
 in dies feliciorem exoptamus. Cuius voti interpretem, vestrae 
 voluntati et invitationi libenter obsecuti, mittimus ad vos virum 
 amplissimum, ornatissimum, splendidissimum, Dominum de Strath- 
 cona et Monte Regio, Cancellarium huius Universitatis, qui nunc in 
 principe imperii sede res huius provinciae summa cum omnium 
 
122 ADDRESSES. 
 
 approbatione administrat, idem et, optime de universa republica in 
 recenti rerum discrimine meritus, dux est et quasi signifer eorum qui 
 diversas Britannici imperii partes artioribus vinculis inter se conexas 
 videre cupiunt. Eum velimus accipiatis ut qui inter omnia vobis 
 fausta precantium voces gravissime possit et ex animo testificari quot 
 bona vestro collegio in futurum et optemus et auguremur. Valete. 
 
 Scribendo adfuerunt 
 
 Gulielmus C. Macdonald, e Regentibus. 
 Gulielmus Peterson, LL.D., Primarius. 
 Gualterus Vaughan, Tabularius. 
 
 Datum Monte Regio 
 
 Mensis Januarii die XX ma MCMII. 
 
ADDRESSES. 123 
 
 Melbourne. 
 
 The University of Melbourne, 
 
 February 11th, 1902. 
 
 The Registrar, The Owens College, Manchester. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I am directed by the Council of this University to express its 
 regret that it has been found impracticable to appoint a representative 
 to be the guest of the Owens College on the occasion of its Jubilee 
 celebrations. The Council sends its congratulations to the President 
 and Council of the Owens College, and felicitates them on this 
 interesting event of the history of the College, and on the 
 distinguished position which half a century has enabled it to attain. 
 
 I have the honour to be, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 Alexander Sutherland, Registrar. 
 
124 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Madras. 
 
 The University of Madras. 
 
 To His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., LL.D., 
 President of the Owens College, Manchester. 
 
 As the delegate of the University of Madras, I request permission 
 of your Grace to offer to the President and the Council of the 
 Owens College the congratulations of the University on the 
 celebration of the Jubilee of a College whose history during the fifty 
 years of its existence has been a record of vigorous and uninterrupted 
 growth and of the triumphs of a many-sided activity. The 
 flourishing condition and assured success of the College cannot but be 
 causes of pride and satisfaction as well to the people of Manchester 
 generally as to the distinguished men whose energy and ability have 
 contributed so largely and in so many directions to the attainment 
 of the eminent position occupied by the Owens College in the world 
 of Science and Letters. 
 
 To the Owens College, through the medium of the writings of 
 some of the distinguished members of its staff, Indian students are 
 under great obligations; and the honoured names of Frankland, 
 Roscoe, and Schorlemmer, of Balfour Stewart, of Milnes Marshall, 
 of Jevons, of Dr. James Bryce, and Dr. A. W. Ward — to mention 
 only the names of an older generation of Professors in the College — 
 are to various sections of the student world in India as familiar as 
 household words. It is therefore appropriate that an Indian 
 University should be allowed to take a share in the present 
 celebrations, and I esteem it a privilege to convey to the President 
 and Council, on behalf of the University of Madras, an expression of 
 our admiration of the splendid work performed by the College in the 
 past, and also of our best wishes for its prosperity in the future. 
 
 J. B. BlLDERBECK. 
 
 Fellow of the University of Madras. 
 
ADDRESSES. 125 
 
 New Zealand. 
 
 Collegium Owense aptjd Mancunienses 
 
 Salvere jubet 
 
 TTntversitas Novo-Zealandiana. 
 
 Non modico nos affecistis gaudio, viri doctissimi, quod nos quoque 
 vobis festos dies agentibus adesse voluistis. Et quamquam spatiis 
 exclusi iniquis qui nostrae praesumus Academiae non ipsi vobis 
 vocantibus obsequi potuimus, tamen forte fortuna fit ut uni e 
 professoribus nostris, qui rite summos bonores in Universitate vestra 
 olim adeptus est alumnus, nunc cum maxime in animo sit antiquam 
 exquirere matrem. Huic igitur negotium dedimus ut dum in Anglia 
 commoratur vestrum concilium adeat, et verbis nostris omnia 
 fausta precantium vos salvere jubeat. Quern si animo benevolo 
 exceperitis, pergratum nobis feceritis. Nostrae quoque Academiae 
 regnante desideratissima regina Victoria jacta sunt fundamenta; 
 apud nos quoque sera rubens accendit lumina Vesper. Neque 
 auxilii immemores esse debemus quod nobis in studia liberalia 
 incumbentibus, multi e professoribus vestris, praeceptum illud divini 
 Platonis Aa/niradia £yovt££ SiaSwaovmv aXXrjXotc diligenter tenendum 
 rati, egregia animi alacritate tulerunt. Valete. 
 
126 ADDRESSES. 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 Harvard. 
 
 To Owens College in Victoria University, 
 
 From Harvard University in New England. 
 
 Greeting : 
 
 Your invitation to take part in the celebration of the fiftieth 
 anniversary of your College, lately passed, and in the dedication of a 
 new Hall to the liberal objects of the foundation, was received by 
 our Society with great interest and a lively appreciation of the 
 goodwill which it betokened. An institution founded to cherish the 
 precious heritage of learning and to increase that heritage in a great 
 industrial community represents the true function of learning in the 
 modern world. For ever the servant of truth and of the higher arts, 
 and their defender against the encroachments of sordid interests, it 
 must always, on the other hand, devote its resources to the advance- 
 ment of the public well-being and happiness. For such objects, and 
 for all efforts to attain them, the American universities have a 
 peculiar sympathy ; in your success they take a peculiar satisfaction. 
 It is with great pleasure, therefore, that we have charged William 
 Woodward, Master of Arts, to present the congratulations of Harvard 
 University at your festival, and in our name to bid you God-speed. 
 
 The President and Fellows of Harvard College by 
 Charles W. Eliot, President. 
 
 Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
 28th February, 1902. 
 
ADDRESSES. 127 
 
 Yale. 
 
 collegio owensi 
 
 in TJniversitate Yictoriensi 
 
 apud mancunienses 
 
 TJniversitas Yalensis 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Nos valde paenitet, viri doctissimi, quod vobis Collegii Owensis 
 decimum lustrum exactum celebrantibus legatum e nobis mittere 
 non potiumus. Nihilominus gaudemus vobisque ex animo 
 gratulamur cum Academia vestra per quinquaginta hos annos tanta 
 cum felicitate floruit, speramusque fore ut lampada litterarum 
 scientiarumque quam, quasi cursores, magna cum laude usque adhuc 
 tulistis et ad gloriam vestram et ad generis humani usum 
 beneficiumque perpetuo feratis aliisque tradatis. 
 
 Arthur Twining Hadley, Praeses. 
 Anson Phelps Stokes, Jr. Scriba. 
 
 E Novo Portu Connecticunensi 
 a. d. iii Kal. Apriles, MCMIL 
 
128 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Universitas Pennsylvaniensis 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJniVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 APUD MANCUNIENSES 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Quanta in disciplina universitatum mutatio lustris decern effecta 
 est ! Quantum hodie habent locum ea naturae studia quae quondam 
 non digna putabantur ut liberalibus cum artibus coniungerentur ! 
 Cuius mutationis laus nulli magis est tribuenda collegio quam 
 Collegio Owensi apud Mancunienses ita propter praeceptores et 
 alumnos illustrato. Itaque Universitas Pennsylvaniensis, quae 
 eisdem annis feliciter explevit spem Franklinii sui, viri prudentis- 
 simi, quam semper habuit fovitque ut naturae investigationi magnus 
 daretur locus in cursu academico, dum gratulatur Collegio Owensi de 
 rebus iam gestis praeclarissimis, precatur ut semper opibus 
 auctoritate bonoribus floreat et crescat. 
 
 Carolus C. Harrison, Praefectua. 
 
 Jesse Y. Burk, Sigilli Custos. 
 Datum Philadelpbiae, 18 Febr., MCMIL 
 
ADDRESSES. 129 
 
 Princeton. 
 
 collegio owensi in vniversitate vlctoriensi 
 
 apvd mancvnienses 
 
 Praeses Cvratores Professores Vniversitatis Princetoniensis 
 
 Salvtem Qvam Plvrimam. 
 
 Perbenigne qvidem fecistis, viri doctissimi Mancvnienses, qvod 
 per litteras hvmaniter conscriptas nos qvoqve trans mare oceanvm 
 dissociabilem commorantes ad societatem feriarvm vestrarvm mox 
 agendarvm voeavistis. Speramvs porro fore vt aliqvis e nostro 
 ordine Academico delegatvs vobis adsit vicarivs, qvi ea qva par sit 
 benevolentia vsvs lavdis vestrae gratvlationes nostras praesens 
 nvntiet. Anno illvstri ivbilaei vestri redeant precamvr Man- 
 cvnienses doctissimi beneqve de repvblica scientiarvm meriti in 
 possessiones svas et has avctiores. Qvibvs votis precibvsqve vos 
 qvinqvaginta annis magnvm diem propediem impositvros laeti 
 hilaresqve consalvtamvs omnes. 
 
 Datvm in avla Nassovica Kal. Febr. MCMII. 
 
 Franciscus L. Patton, Praeses. 
 
130 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Columbia, New York. 
 
 Praeses et Curatores 
 
 Universitatis Columbiae in Urbe Novo Eboraco 
 
 Praesidi et Professoribus 
 
 Collegii Owensis in TJniversitate Victoriensi 
 
 apud mancunienses 
 
 s. r. d. 
 
 Summa cum delectatione audivimus edocti vestris litteris amicos 
 et magistros Collegii Owensis apud Mancunienses natalem eius 
 quinquagesimum sollemnibus celebraturos nos quoque feriarum 
 laetabilium participes iam esse voluisse. Quod testimonium insigne 
 vestrae erga nos benevolentiae pergrato animo notavimus, sed obstat 
 distantia locorum quin boc praesertim anni tempore legatum e nostro 
 coetu Mancunium mittamus. Nibilominus, quia diem ilium quo 
 Collegium Owense auspiciis secundis alterum semisaeculum incipiet 
 non solum vobis sed fautoribus scientiarum artiumque liberalium 
 perlaetum omnibus oportet esse, nos vobiscum amore studiorum 
 intime coniuncti hasce litteras gratulatorias iam dedimus ut 
 Columbianos quamvis absentes suo gaudio gaudere Mancuniensibus 
 persuasum sit. Vobis igitur, viri clarissimi atque amplissimi, 
 vestraeque academiae perillustri, ex animo precamur ut fausta 
 feliciaque sicut antea semper omnia contingant. 
 
 Datum Novi Eboraci Kal. Jan. MDCCCCII. 
 
 Nicholas Murray Butler, Ph.D., LL.D., Praeses. 
 
 ( SEAL j 
 
ADDRESSES. 131 
 
 Cornell. 
 
 To Owens College in Victoria University, Manchester. 
 
 Cornell University sends greetings and congratulations on the 
 half century's honourable achievements of Owens College in the 
 republic of science and letters with cordial good wishes for a 
 continuation of prosperity in the new era on which the College is 
 entering. 
 
 Will Owens College kindly accept these felicitations in writing, as 
 it is not practicable at this date in the academic year for Cornell 
 University to send a special representative to Manchester to attend 
 the celebrations? 
 
 J. G. Schurman, President. 
 
 Ithaca, New York, January 29th, 1902. 
 
 ( SEAL J 
 
132 ADDRESSES. 
 
 California. 
 
 Senatus Academicus Universitatis Californiensis 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 Salutem Plurimam. 
 
 Cum ad nos invitatio pergrata venisset, ut vobiscum gaudia 
 iniremus, misimus socium nostrum, Fredericum Slate, Scientiae 
 Baccalaureum, Physicorum in nostra TJniversitate Professorem, ut 
 ipse gratulationes nostras ad vos adferret a. d. IV Id. Mart, hoc anno. 
 
 Universitas nostra quoque est in numero iuniorum, tamen vis et 
 robur etiam in iuvenibus multum adsunt; qua re hoc communi 
 vinculo coniuncti et vos et nos ad maiora procedamus. 
 
 Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Universitatis Rector. 
 
 Berkleiae, a. d. Id. Ian. MCMII. 
 
ADDRESSES. 133 
 
 Johns Hopkins. 
 
 Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 The President and Faculty of the Johns Hopkins University, in 
 acknowledging, with sincere appreciation, the honour of an invitation 
 to participate in the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the 
 Owens College, extend to the President and the Court of Governors 
 their hearty congratulations upon the completion of this period of 
 distinguished usefulness, and express their especial regret that it is 
 found impracticable to signify, by the presence of a delegate, the high 
 regard of this University for an institution so well known for its 
 services to education and for its contributions to science and letters. 
 
 Ira Remsen, President. 
 31 January, 1902. 
 
134 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Western Reserve, Ohio. 
 
 Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi 
 
 apud mancunienses 
 
 Salvere iubet Universitas Reservationis Occidentalis. 
 
 Vobis ex animo gratulamus quod decern lustra vitae academicae 
 complevistis, atque incrementum magnum utilitatis honorisque per 
 annos futuros. 
 
 Ex invitatione vestra Henricum Eldridge Bourne, historiae 
 professorem, legatum huius Universitatis rite statuimus. 
 
 Charles F. Thwing, Praeses. 
 
 Clevelandi Ohioensis, a. d. VII. Kal. Jan. MCMI. 
 
ADDRESSES. 135 
 
 AUSTRIA— HUNGARY. 
 
 German University of Prague. 
 [Telegram.] 
 
 Die prager deutsche Universitat sendet zur morgigen Feier die 
 warinsten Gliickwxinsche und Griisse. Rektor, Wieser. 
 
136 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Czech University of Prague. 
 
 [Telegram.] 
 
 Rector et Senatus Caes. Reg. CaroloFerdinandeae Litterarum 
 TTniversitatis Bohemicae Pragensis dum ex animo laetantur quod 
 Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi apud Mancunienses 
 decimum lustrum complevit et celebrat, praesidi collegii huius ac 
 omnibus professoribus petere sese atque optare hisce nuntiant ut ea 
 ipsa academia in dies magis crescat et noreat ad largum scientiae 
 fructum. Sykora, Rector. 
 
ADDRESSES. 137 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 Wien, 18 Febr. 1902. 
 
 An Das Owens College, 
 Manchester. 
 
 Im Marz d. J. wird die dortige Universitat das 10 Lustrum ihres 
 Bestandes feiern. 
 
 Die Wiener Universitat welcher Sie bei diesem Anlassen zu 
 gedanken so freundlich waren nimmt lebhaften und regen Antheil 
 an dieser schonen Feier und erlaubt sich zu derselben durch mich 
 als derzeitigen Rector ihre aufrichtigsten und herzlichsten Wiinsche 
 fur das Gedeihen und die Fortentwicklung dieser hochgeschatzten 
 und beriihmt gewordenen Schwester Universitat zu ubermitteln. 
 
 Der Eektor der K. Universitat J. Schipper. 
 
138 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Budapest. 
 
 Rector et Senatus Regiae Scientiarum Universitatis 
 
 hungaricae budapestinensis 
 
 Praesidi AC Senatui 
 
 COLLEGII OWENSIS IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 apud Mancunienses Owensis 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 E litteris Vestris, ad Nos perhumaniter datis, haud cum parvo 
 gaudio legimus Vos, a. d. IY. Id. Mart, anni currentis anniversarium 
 fundationis Collegii Yestri quinquagesimuni esse celebraturos. 
 
 Gratias Yobis agimus, viri praestantissimi, quod hoc nuntio nos 
 quoque ad hanc festivitatem benigne invitaveritis. 
 
 Quum tarn praegravibus rerum conditionibus non per legatos 
 publice missos gratulationem nostram facere nobis concessum 
 sit, vehementer dolemus. Lubentes itaque Yobis congratulari 
 decrevimus his litteris, quibus, licet absentes, tamen caritatem 
 votaque testari vellemus. Quod reliquum est 
 
 Y. Nobisque F. P. 
 
 Jiudapestini in Metropoli Hung, die septinia m. Martii a. D. 
 
 MCMII. 
 
 R. Scient. Universitatis h.t. Rector : 
 
 Thomas de Yecsey, regis. Hung, aulae Consiliarius. 
 Antontus Margitai, Ab epistolis. 
 
ADDRESSES. 139 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 Liege. 
 
 Universitas Leodiensis 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 APUD MANCUNIENSES 
 
 S. D. P. 
 
 Laeti lubentesque vobis gratulamur, doctissimi viri, collegae 
 carissimi, quod eum diem, quo celeberrima vestra schola ante hos 
 quinquaginta annos nata est, festum acturi estis. Optamus ut ea per 
 omnia saecula, summa doctrina et summa gloria florens, gentis 
 Britannicae dignitati et utilitati serviat! Maria jamdiu transvolavit 
 fama collegiorum vestrorum et Owensis et Eboracensis et ejus, quod 
 dicitur Universitatis, nee quemquam nostratium fugit quantum cum 
 alii viri doctissimi, qui in eis collegiis sunt fueruntve, ad omnium 
 rerum scientiam et cognitionem, turn vero Gulielmus Stanley Jevons 
 ad philosophiam et ad artem publicae rei gerendae, Balfour Stewart 
 ad physicam et meteorologiam, Osborne Reynolds nuperrime ad 
 mechanicam contulerint. 
 
 Igitur cum ceteris orbis terrarum Universitatibus et virorum 
 doctorum Societatibus ex animi sententia vobis gratulamur; et, quo 
 magis perspiceretur, quae nostra erga vos esset benevolentia, legatum 
 academicum ad vos mittere in animo erat, qui gaudiis caerimoniisque 
 vestris interpres noster interesset, nisi eo ipso tempore, quo ferias 
 jubilaeas agetis, scliolis hie opera danda esset. Quod nos invitavistis, 
 pergratum nobis fecistis; vobis gratias agimus quam maximas et, 
 gratulatione pro decern lustris summo cum honore peractis iterum 
 facta, vos valere jubemus. 
 
 Senatus academici nomine : 
 
 Ab epistulis. Rector Universitatis. 
 
 Eug. Hubert. V. Dwelshauvers-De Hy. 
 
140 ADDRESSES. 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 Copenhagen. 
 
 Rector Senatusque TTniversitatts Hauniensis 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 APUD MANCUNIENSES 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Gratissimas Vestras accepimus litteras, quibus nobis nuntiastis 
 Collegium Vestrum, decimo iam lustro completo, a. d. IV Id. Mart, 
 h. a. ferias iubilaeas acturum esse, et nos quoque invitastis, ut unum 
 e nobis legatum mitteremus, qui bis feriis interesset. Vellemus 
 equidem liberalissimae Vestrae invitationi obsequi nobis liceret. 
 Cum autem pluribus de causis fieri non possit, ut coram adsimus, 
 nihil aliud nobis relinquitur, quam ut absentes Collegio Vestro per 
 litteras congratulemur votaque faciamus, ut sempiterna artium 
 optimarum laude floreat. 
 
 Dabamus Hauniae a. d. IV Non. Mart. a. MDCCCCII. 
 
 ( SEAL J 
 
 Vilh. Thomsen, b.t. Rector Universitatis. 
 Jul. Lassen, Referendarius Consistorii. 
 
ADDRESSES. 141 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 Paris. 
 
 Au College Owens de L'Universite Victoria 
 L'Universite de Paris. 
 
 Mylord, 
 
 Messieurs et tres honores Collegues, 
 
 L'Universite de Paris, la plus vieille des Universites, apporte a 
 votre College, qui est une des plus jeunes ecoles de haute culture, ses 
 felicitations pour l'ceuvre accomplie par lui en un demi-siecle, et ses 
 vceux pour l'avenir. 
 
 Le College Owens a le rare merite de remplir tous les devoirs et 
 fonctions de l'enseignement superieur; garder l'antique patrimoine 
 des humanites, qui, etant commun aux peuples civilises, est pour eux 
 comme un rappel a la fraternite ; travailler au progres de la science, 
 pour l'honneur de l'intelligence humaine et pour a j outer aux victoires 
 de l'esprit sur la matiere; collaborer a l'ceuvre democratique de 
 l'education populaire. En effet, vous donnez leur part aux 
 humanites, puisque vous formez des lettres et des artistes; vous 
 instruisez des ingenieurs, ces officiers de la guerre pacifique; et, par 
 vos cours du soir, par l'extension universitaire, vous elevez le niveau 
 intellectuel de vos artisans. 
 
 A ces obligations diverses, les vieilles universites s'efforcent de 
 satisfaire, en se transformant. Yotre College s'est trouve tout 
 d'abord adapte aux besoins des temps nouveaux. II a eu l'heureuse 
 fortune de naitre dans une des capitales de l'industrie moderne, et de 
 s'incorporer si bien en elle que les deux destinees semblent 
 confondues : le College Owens est une grande maison intellectuelle, 
 que seule la reine du coton pouvait, en cinquante annees, porter au 
 point ou nous la voyons aujourd'hui. 
 
 Mylord, 
 
 Messieurs et tres honores Collegues, 
 
 Tout le monde doit vous etre reconnaissant d'avoir prouve, par 
 votre memorable exemple, que les temps sont passes ou Ton pouvait 
 
142 ADDRESSES. 
 
 scinder en deux parts le champ de l'activite humaine, n'honorer que 
 la manifestation de la pensee speculative ou esthetique, et rejeter a 
 un rang infime les travaux qui etendent chaque jour l'empire de 
 l'homme sur la nature. 
 
 Laissez-nous a j outer que nous ne saurions oublier, en cette 
 circonstance solennelle, ni les glorieux echanges qui se sont faits au 
 cours des siecles entre les philosophes et penseurs de l'Angleterre et 
 ceux de la France, ni la grande gloire de Manchester, reconnue par 
 tous ceux qui etudient l'histoire de la liberte dans le monde moderne. 
 Liberte politique, liberte economique, liberte religieuse, toutes les 
 libertes, Manchester les a reclamees et fait triompher a leur heure. 
 L'TJniversite de Paris se plait a rendre hommage a ce souvenir. 
 
 Paris, en Sorbonne, le 5 Mars 1902. 
 
 Le Vice-Recteur, President du Conseil de l'TJniversite, 
 
 Greard. 
 
 Le Secretaire du Conseil, 
 
 E. Lavisse. 
 
ADDRESSES. 143 
 
 Lille. 
 
 Universitati Victoriensi Universitas Insulensis optima vota et 
 gratulationem maximam profert, hoc festo die qui Owensis Collegii 
 quinquaginta ante annos conditi celebratur. Namque mirabile est 
 quanta celeritate primus ille ramus in illustrem Universitatem 
 creverit, quae adeo viget floretque ut antiquas Universitates divitiis 
 adaequet eisque aemuletur in futurum promissis, et eas juvenili laude 
 assequatur. Quamobrem in praeclarissima ilia Universitate 
 Victoriensi insigne exemplum salutamus quo plane demonstratur 
 scientias artesque non modo in veteribus litterarum et sapientiae 
 sedibus vigere posse, sed in recentioribus quoque urbibus, commercio 
 et mercatura occupatissimis adeo feliciter adolescere ut huiusce 
 civitatis Universitas maximum iam nunc ornamentum et decus facta 
 sit. Ex quo splendidissime apparet illos humani animi flores iisdem 
 aeternis exsurgere causis, ubicunque vivunt homines qui sibi 
 iniunctum a diis oflicium, imo nobile gaudium existimant vitam 
 humanam philosophia mitiorem et altiorem, litteris artibusque 
 pulchriorem et ampliorem, scientiis potentiorem et beatiorem efficere. 
 
 Idcirco inter cuncta ilia quae hue hodie afferuntur vota 
 gratulationesque, nulla sinceriora sunt vota nullae jucundiores 
 gratulationes quam quae ab Universitate Insulensi afferuntur quae 
 ipsa recens et in dedita commercio negotiisque urbe condita, ex 
 Universitatis Victoriensis prosperitate augurium, exemplum, spem et 
 bonum animum sumere potest. 
 
 Aug. Angelliee. 
 
 MDCCCCII. 
 
144 ADDRESSES. 
 
 GERMAN EMPIRE. 
 
 Heidelberg. 
 
 Prorector et Senatus 
 Universitatis Ruperto-Carol^e Heidelbergensis 
 
 Praesidi et Concilio 
 Collegii Owensis in Universitate Victoriensi 
 
 AI'UD MaNCFNIENSES 
 
 Salute m. 
 
 Cum exaudiverimus vos decern lustris feliciter peractis sollemnia 
 agere novamque aulam Academicos in usus dedicare, gaudenti ac 
 lubenti animo recordanmr, quam celeriter Collegium Vestrum egregii 
 civis beneficio vere liberaliter institutum effloruerit doctorum 
 celeberrimorum studio et virtute. Inter quos Henricum Roscoe 
 nominare liceat, quia viri immortalis memoriae Bunseni nostri 
 alumnus atque aemulus conexum effecit gravissimum et gratissimum 
 inter universitates nostras. 
 
 Nam ad universitatis formam iam ante haec quinque fere lustra 
 vos Vestro iure adspirare potuistis quam etsi intercedentibus aliis non 
 totam solis vobis dari placuit, tamen Vestra maxime opera nova 
 Universitatis Victoriensis species concessa est. 
 
 Quae quantopere communi usui commodisque urbis comitatus 
 patriae inserviat, crescens in annos numerus cum docentium turn 
 discentium penes vos luculente demonstrat. 
 
 Itaque speramus fore, ut his temporibus, quibus auri sacra fames 
 turpisque lucri cupido hominumque illiberalium industriosa levitas 
 ubique fere dominari videntur, cum ceteris Academiis vestrum 
 
ADDRESSES. 145 
 
 quoque collegium tamquam arx existat his periculis propulsandis 
 propagandisque non modo studiis liberalibus verum etiam iustitiae 
 libertati humanitati destinata. 
 
 Quodsi hoc effeceritis, sollemnia semisaecularia non sine honore 
 et splendore agenda laetiora etiam excipient saecularia. 
 
 Quod Deus Optimus Maximus bene vertat et felix faustum 
 fortunatumque esse iubeat. 
 
 Datum Heidelbergae ineunte mense Martio anni MCMII. 
 
 K 
 
146 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Wurzburg. 
 
 Rector atque Senatus Wirceburgensis 
 
 Owensis Collegii 
 
 Prafecto atque Proiessoribus 
 
 S. D. P. 
 
 Litteris humaniter scriptis nos invitastis, viri amplissimi atque 
 ornatissimi, ut e collegio nostro quempiam mitteremus, qui vestro 
 hospitio exceptus sollemnibus interesset, quae a vobis ad diem, quo 
 ante haec decern lustra collegium vestrum illustre conditum est, 
 celebrandum decreta sunt. Haec invitatio quanto nos honore 
 impertiverit, probe novimus. Ac sane vellemus votis vestris obsequi ; 
 at tantae nos difficultates undique circumveniunt, ut nullam prorsus 
 rationem videamus id quod volumus assequendi. Itaque velimus 
 nobis ignoscatis, quod hasce solas litteras modestas ad vos misimus 
 utpote testes nostrae erga vos propensae voluntatis. Gratulamur 
 igitur vobis ex animo et laetamur vobiscum, quod collegium vestrum 
 nobile, quod statim ab initio vincula rupit, quibus saepe conscientiae 
 libertas obstringitur, decern lustra tarn feliciter peregit, ut egregium 
 locum inter academias Britanniae obtineat. Huius vero dignitatis 
 praestantiam sckola vestra assecuta est, quod, qui in ea docendi 
 munere fungebantur, homines maxime illustres, discipulorum ingenia 
 atque mores ita formabant, ut non pauci eorum postea magnam 
 nominis famam sibi conciliarent. Sed numquam hac institutione 
 iuvenili apud vos magistrorum industria circumscripta erat, ea 
 versabatur quoque in scientia promovenda atque amplificanda, id 
 quod hercle haud facile negotium est in urbe rerum commerciis tarn 
 dedita quam quae maxime. Hac in re cum multi alii excellebant 
 turn maxime Henricus Roscoe, qui artem chemicam miris inventis 
 exornavit atque summa perspicuitate explanavit et Gruilelmus Jevons, 
 qui, qua erat mentis sagacitate, ceconomiam publicam ad rationes 
 
ADDRESSES. 147 
 
 mathematicas et metaphysicas revocavit et reconditiores leges, quibus 
 pretium rerum subiectum est, egregie exposuit. 
 
 Quae cum ita sint, spem laetam fovemus vestri collegii gloriam, 
 quam decern peracta lustra stabiliverunt, insequentia ita auctura esse, 
 ut, cum vicesimum lustrum praeterierit, is qui scholae vestrae fata 
 enarraturus est, non possit non dubius haerere, qua ratione magna 
 Collegii Owensis laus sit explicanda atque illustranda. Valete 
 nobisque favete. 
 
 Wirceburgi Die XII. Mensis Martii MDCCCCII. 
 
 N. Schanz, h.t. Rector. 
 Balmann, TJniversitatis Syndicus. 
 
148 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Leipzig; 
 
 Universitatis litterarum Lipsiensis Rector et Senatus 
 
 collegii owensis in tjniversitate vlctoriensi 
 
 Praesidi et Professoribus 
 
 S. D. P. 
 
 Instant feriae solemnes, quibus Collegii Vestri praeclara viri 
 egregii liberalitate fundati memoriam quinquagenariam rite 
 celebraturi estis. Atque babetis profecto, quod prima statim semi- 
 saecularia festorum dierum sollemnitate prosequenda Vobis esse 
 putaveritis. Nam Collegium Yestrum professorum in variis 
 disciplinis eximiorum doctrina et acumine singulari ad eum brevi 
 florem evectum est, ut academiarum longe antiquiorum laudem 
 feliciter aequiperaret et ad ampliora universitatis iura merito 
 aspiraret, quae sociatum cum urbium vicinarum collegiis mox 
 impetravit. Itaque quod Yestro Collegio sollemnia iubilaea ex animo 
 gratulamur ac pia vota pro perenni eius flore concipimus, baec vota 
 etiam ad universitatem, quae a Yictoria regina augustissima nomen 
 babet, ita redundant, ut utrique faustissima quaeque laetabundi 
 imprecemur. 
 
 Dabamus Lipsiae d. IX. m. Martii a. MDCCCCII. 
 
 Universitatis Lipsiensis h.t. Rector. 
 
 Dr. Eduardus Sievers. 
 
ADDRESSES. 149 
 
 Freiburg im Breisgau. 
 
 Grossherzoglich Badische Universitat Freiburg 
 Akademisches Directorium. 
 
 Verehrter Herr Praesident ! 
 
 Zum jubelfeste Ihrer hochschule konnen wir leider einen vertreter 
 nicht entsenden. Urn so herzlicher siiid unsere Gluckwiinsche zu allem, 
 was Ihre hochschule in den funfzig jahren Ihres bestehens geleistet 
 hat, und fur die zukunft. Die grosse geistige gemeinschaft die uns 
 mit England verbindet, ist nicht bloss die einheit der wissenschaf t, der 
 alle gelehrten institute der welt dienen, sondern zugleich auch die 
 blutsverwandtschaft. Und wie unser Goethe auch in England 
 heimisch ist, so ist Ihr Shakespeare der unsrige geworden. Solche 
 bindeglieder ketten uns diesseits und jenseits des kanals fester und 
 dauerhafter an einander, als es im getriebe der tagesinteressen oft 
 erscheinen mag. Das sind bindeglieder fiir die ewigkeit. Und 
 unsere hochschulen huben und driiben sind die pflanzstatten der 
 grossen ideale, die in namen wie Goethe und Shakespeare ausgedriickt 
 sind. Indem wir uns mit Ihrer hochschule eins wissen in der pnege 
 der ideale und in der liebe zur wissenschaft, rufen wir Ihrer 
 hochschule zum jubelfeste zu : Vivat, floreat, crescat! 
 
 In ergenbenheit. 
 
 Prof. Fr. Kluge, d.z. prorector der universitat. 
 
 Freiburg den 1 Februar 1902. 
 
150 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Munich. 
 Rector et Senatus Universitatis Ludovico-Maximilianeae 
 
 MONACENSIS AmPLISSIMIS VIRIS 
 
 Praesidi, Thesaurario, Praeposito 
 Collegii Owensis in Universitate Victoriensi 
 
 apud mancunienses 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Litterae Vestrae, quibus natalem diem Collegii Owensis ante hos 
 quinquaginta annos primum aditum litterarum studiosis aperientis 
 celebratum iri annuntiavistis atque ad earn sollemnitatem nos 
 invitavistis magnam nobis attulerunt laetitiam. Cognovimus enim 
 Yos nobiscum consentire omnes omnium gentium humanitate 
 politarum Universitates communi quodam vinculo ita copulatas esse, 
 ut, quidquid uni earum laeti iucundique contigerit, id ceteras quoque 
 suaviter afficere videatur. Quapropter invitationi Vestrae liberali 
 gratissime obsequentes decrevimus, ut legatum mittamus collegam 
 eruditissimum, humanissimum, suavissimum Dr. Hermannum 
 Guilelmum Breymann, Philologiae Neoromanae et Francogallicae 
 Professorem P. 0., qui intersit Vobis sacra semisaecularia sollemniter 
 concelebrantibus laetus laetitiae Vestrae testis, disertus interpres 
 gratulationis nostrae ob studiorum Collegii Owensis per decern lustra 
 prosperitatem, pius nuncupator votorum nostrorum pro Universitatis 
 Vestrae in posterum salute atque incolumitate. Valete. 
 
 Dabamus Monacbii a. d. XII. Cal. Febr. A. MDCCCCII. 
 
 Dr. L. Brent ano, h.t. Rector. 
 
ADDRESSES. 151 
 
 H alle- Wittenberg. 
 
 Qvod Bonvm Felix Favstvmqve sit 
 
 Inclvto Collegio Owensi 
 
 in Vniversitate Victoriensi apvd Mancvnienses 
 
 Qvod cvm die XII Mensis Martii Anni MDCCCLII. 
 
 Favstissimis omnibvs institvtvm esset 
 per dimidivra saecvli civitatem M ancvniensem gloria et splendore svo 
 
 insigniter illvstravit 
 ivventvteni litterarvm stvdiosam egregia doctrina informavit 
 ita vt nobilissimarvm vniversitatvm qvae antiqvitvs nationi 
 
 Britannicae 
 
 decori atqve ornamento fvervnt atqve etiamnvnc esse pergvnt 
 
 lavdem aemvlari atqve aeqviparare havd frvstra videretvr 
 
 qvare ivre meritoqve iam se accingit ad diem qvo decern lvstra 
 
 feliciter peregerit 
 
 sacris sollennibvs rite concelebrandvm 
 
 neqve vero in hvivs semisaecvli lavdibvs acqviescere ac desidiae se dare 
 
 in animo habet 
 
 sed statim hoc cvrsv peracto alivm altiorem ingressvrvm est 
 
 cvivs stvdii volvntatisqve qvasi signvm pignvsve qvoddam prae se f ert 
 
 novam avlam per bos ipsos sacrorvm dies vsvi academico aperiendam 
 
 Sacra Sollennia Semisaecvlaria 
 
 die XII mensis Martii anni MDCCCCII. 
 
 rite peragenda 
 
 Ex Animi Sententia Gratvlantvr 
 
 fidem volvntatemqve svam testantvr 
 
 pro perpetva eivs salvte et incolvmitate pia vota nvncvpant 
 
 favsta felicia fortvnata omnia precantvr 
 
 Yniversitatis Fridericianae Halensis 
 
 cvm vltebergensi consociatae 
 
 Rector et Senatus. 
 
 herm annus suchier, 
 b.t. rector. 
 
152 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Jena. 
 
 [Telegram.] 
 
 Besten Gliickwunsch entbieten Prorector und Senat der TJniver- 
 sitat Jena. 
 
ADDRESSES. 153 
 
 Strassburg. 
 
 Kaiser-Wilhelms -Universitat. 
 Strassburg, den 24, Februar 1902. 
 
 HoCHGEEHRTE HeRREN ! 
 
 Mit Dank baben wir Ibre giitige Einladung zur Teilnabme an 
 dem bevorstebenden Jubilauni Ibrer Universitat erbalten. Da wir 
 leider ausser Stande sind, Ibnen durcb den Mund eines Abgesandten 
 personlicb unsere Gluekwiinscbe auszusprecben, so wollen Sie uns 
 gestalten, es scbriftlicb zu tbun. 
 
 Ibre Universitat ist wie die unserige eine Scbopfung der zweiten 
 Halfte des vorigen Jabrbunderts, und so baben wir mit doppeltem 
 Interesse Kenntnis erbalten von dem rascben Aufscbwung, den Sie 
 genommen, und von den glanzenden Leistungen fur die Wissenscbaft, 
 die in Manchester den Nebel zerteilt baben, der iiber den 
 Niederungen unseres Wissens stebt. 
 
 Moge Ibre Babn aucb in dem zweiten Halbjabrbundert aulwarts 
 geben; moge es Ibnen vor allem nie feblen an solcben Lebrern und 
 Scbiilern, die gesundes und stetiges Wacbstum einer Universitat 
 verbiirgen, nie aucb an freigebigen, opferwilligen Forderern, wie 
 Sie solcbe bisber gebabt, und an teilnebmenden Freunden, die Ibre 
 Arbeiten und Feiern neidlos und gliickwunscbend begleiten wie die 
 Strassburger Kaiser-Wilbelms-Universitat. 
 
 Rektor und Senat der Kaiser- Wilbelms-Universitat-Strassburg. 
 
 Spitta. 
 
154 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Giessen. 
 
 Den Leitern und Lehrern 
 
 des Owens College 
 
 in 
 
 Manchester. 
 
 Entbieten 
 
 Rector und Senat der Universitat 
 
 Giessen 
 
 zur fiinfzigsten Wiederkehr des Stiftungstags aufrichtigen 
 
 Gliickwunsch, in der gewissen Hoff'nung, dass sich 
 
 die Hochschule zu Manchester 
 
 weiter ausgestalten werde und bliihe und wacnse 
 
 dem Heimatlande zur Ehre, 
 
 der Menschheit zum Wohl. 
 
 Im Auftrag 
 der derzeitige Rector. 
 Giessen, 7, Februar 1902. Hansen. 
 
ADDRESSES. 155 
 
 Kiel. 
 
 Die Christian -Albrechts-ITntversitat 
 zu Kiel. 
 
 Begriisst und begliickwiinscht das Owens College zur Feier des 
 Zehnten Lustrums seines Bestehens in Anerkennung und Wiirdigung 
 der grossen Leistungen, durch welche es in diesem Zeitraum die 
 Wissenschaft gefordert hat. 
 
 Wir gedenken namentlich der wichtigen Beitrage zur Kenntnis 
 der Electricitat, die aus den Mauern des College hervorgegangen 
 sind, und die uns gelehrt haben, dieses allerwarts wirkende Agens 
 nach seiner Masse und Beweglichkeit genauer zu befragen. 
 
 Mit ganz besonderem Stolze kann das Owens College aucb auf das 
 zuriickschauen, was es auf dem Gebiete der Chemie geleistet bat. 
 Mustergultige Laboratorien sind in ibm entstanden, in denen 
 Unterricbt und Eorschung gleicb vortrefflicb gepflegt werden, und 
 von denen eins scbon durch seinen Namen an die engen Beziebungen 
 erinnert, die zwischen deutscber und engliscber Chemie obwalten. 
 
 Aber auch dem Gebiete der philosophischen, philologischen und 
 historischen Disciplinen, unter denen wir das Each der National- 
 okonomie besonders hervorheben, ist durch wiirdige und hervorra- 
 gende Vertreter eifrige Pflege zuteil geworden. 
 
 Wenn auch wissenschaf tliche Bestrebungen und Taten an und fiir 
 sich schon das starke Band bilden, das die Hochschulen der "Welt 
 vereinigt, so freut sich die Christiana-Albertina an diesem Tage doch 
 ganz besonders auch auf personliche Beziehungen hinweisen zu 
 konnen. Wirkt doch heute am Owens College als Lecturer of 
 Botany ein Mann, der seine ersten erfolgreichen Schritte auf 
 akademischem Boden an unserer Universitat gethan bat. 
 
 Von solchen Empfindungen getragen, naht sich die Christiana- 
 Albertina dem Owens College an seinem Jubilaumstage mit dem 
 Ausdrucke aufrichtigsten Gluckwunsches zu der bisher riihmlichst 
 zuriickgelegten Strecke seines Bestehens und mit herzlichen 
 Wiinschen fiir sein ferneres Gedeihen. 
 
 Kiel, den 9 Marz 1902. 
 
 Dr. Hugo Gering, P. P. 0. d. z. Rector. 
 
156 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Gottingen. 
 
 Q. B. f. f. s. 
 
 collegio owensi 
 
 Nobili Mancuniensium Ornamento 
 
 Yictoriae Universitatis trigeminae origini et praesidio 
 
 per decimum iam lustrum 
 
 laudem scientiae ab urbe industriosa et opulenta 
 
 quae etiam Daltonis et Joulii urbs est non alienam 
 
 in sede sua firme stabilitam foventi et illustranti 
 
 magistrorum praestantia discipulorum sollertia 
 
 studiorum et laborum celebritate probato 
 
 adulescenti inter universitates litterarias 
 
 sed adulto viribus ac virtutc 
 
 Sacra Semisaecularia Feliciter Agenda 
 
 ex animo congratulamur 
 
 solida saecula bonae frugis plena auguramur 
 
 fausta omnia docentibus discentibusque comprecamur 
 
 Universitatis Georgiae Augustae 
 Prorector et Senatus. 
 
 Dabamus Gottingae die YI mensis Februarii MCMII. 
 
 Dr. Gustav Roethe, h.t. prorector. 
 
 ( SEAL J 
 
ADDRESSES. 157 
 
 Erlangen. 
 
 EUER HOCHWOHLGEBOREN 
 
 spreche ich im Namen und Auftrag des Akademischen Senats der 
 Friedrich-Alexanders-TJniversitat den verbindlichsten Dank aus fur 
 die gtitige Einladung zu dem Jubelfeste des Collegium Owense. 
 Wenn wir auch nicht in der Lage sind, einen Yertreter unserer 
 Universitiit zu entsenden, so wollen wir doch auch nicht versaumen, 
 mit unserem Danke zugleich die herzlichsten und wiirmsten 
 Gliickwunsche fur das weitere Bliihen und Gedeihen des Collegium 
 Owense zu verbinden. 
 
 Mit ausgezeichneter Hochachtung habe ich die Ehre zu sein, 
 Euer Hochwohlgeboren sehr ergebener, 
 
 Wilh. Geiger 
 derzeit Proreetor der Universitat Erlangen. 
 
 An den Praeses des Owens College, Manchester. 
 
158 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Berlin. 
 
 TJnIVERSITATIS LlTTERARIAE FRIDERICAE GrUILELMAE 
 
 Eector et Senates 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN UnIVERSITATE YlCTORIENSI 
 
 APUD MaNCUNIENSES 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Quod nos certiores fecistis, Viri praeclarissimi, Collegium Yestrum 
 a. d. IY. Id. Mart. a. MDCCCLI conditum iam id agere ut decern 
 horum lustrorum feliciter peractorum memoriam eodem die huius 
 anni ut par est in societate multorum tarn popularium quam 
 exteroruni sollemniter celebret, laeti nuntium accepimus, utpote qui 
 ita sentiamus instituta excolendae hunianitati et propagandis 
 cognitionis humanae finibus destinata ita inter se naturali quadam 
 neeessitudine contineri ut quicquid uni ex iis prospere accident non 
 possit non gratum esse et acceptum omnibus. Quod vero nos quoque 
 ad eius sollemnitatis partem capiendam liberaliter vocavistis, gratias 
 quidem agimus invitantibus, sed quia non contigit ut e nostris qui sit 
 sensuum nostrorum interpres hoc tempore ad Yos dimittamus, eo 
 impensius has litteras testes esse volumus animi sinceritatis qua licet 
 absentes Yestros dies festos prosequemur Collegio Yestro omnia bona 
 fausta precantes certamque spem concipientes fore ut Fortuna 
 propitia Institutum Yestrum tueatur et augeat meliusque semper in 
 aevum proroget litterarum studiis saluti, Urbi autem Yestrae decori ac 
 laudi. Yalete. 
 
 Dabamus Berolini D. I. M. Martii A. MDCCCCII. 
 
ADDRESSES. 159 
 
 Bonn. 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJNIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 APTJD MANCUNIENSES 
 
 UnIVERSITATIS FrIDERICIAE GiTILELMIAE RhENANAE 
 
 Rector et Senatus 
 s. D. p. 
 
 Gratae et acceptae ad nos pervenerunt litterae, quibus et decimum 
 iam lustrum collegium vestrum illustrissimum complevisse nuntia- 
 vistis et ut sollemnibus quae paratis intersimus comiter invitavistis. 
 At cum propter officia et itineris longinquitatem facere non possimus, 
 ut praesentes vobiscum dies festos agamus, tamen congratulantium 
 numero nos deesse noluimus et ad gaudium nostrum nostraque vota 
 declaranda hasce litteras ad vos mittendas curavimus. Etenim ex animi 
 sententia gratulamur lustra tanto cum splendore in studiis peracta, 
 quibus non solum de vestris alumnis, sed etiam, qua necessitudine 
 litterarum scientiarumque studia per totum orbem inter se coniuncta 
 sunt, de omnibus quotquot ilia colunt egregie meruistis, atque vota 
 facimus, ut et in posterum aequali cum honore inter omnes 
 academias excellere nobisque favere pergatis. 
 
 D. Bonnae Nonis Martiis a. MDCCCCII. 
 
 (Signed) Ludwig, h.t. Rector. 
 
 C. Hoffmann, Secretarius Universitatis. 
 
160 ADDRESSES. 
 
 GREECE. 
 
 Athens. 
 
 To 
 
 'ASriviim Havtiri(TT{]fitov rtj* 'Oov verity AiSaKrripity Tty \v t£ BiKTtopitoviut^ 
 YlavtiritrTriuiiy 7rapa rote Iv 'AyyXta MayKOwaiotg tv ttocitthv. 
 
 Ta 7rpo(ncXi}Tijpm ypaufiara a hiriortiXai r\fjuv T}£ia><rar£ tvay^oq 
 KOUicrautvoi rrjv vfitov Xoyiortrra eyto te kcu oi W£p\ ejue ica&riyr}Tai r)Seti)g 
 Trpotrayoptvouev. Koc a<p6cpa ulv IttoSovuev Ka&y\yr\Ti}v Tiva tCjv 
 riutTepwv avrotrt irpbg Vfxag airoaroXov kcu irpiafivv avyyapnaoutvov v/juv 
 eVi ry ayoutvy toprrj iTwriuxpcu kcu Tr)v rjuerepav Trpbg vuag aropyrjv icai 
 aycnrt)v tp/jirivevoovTa, aXXa kcu ttoXXiov tvexa Xoytov Bvv)(tptQ Ian 
 tovto tv T<p TtapovTi. "OStev toiqSs toiq ypufAuaatv avayKr) Trt&o/xtvoi 
 apvovu&ciy kcu rovToiq Tag re huag kcu rag twv avvStfiacrKaXtov (v\ag 
 tvToXy Trig tov TiavtTnaTtifxiov 2vyicX?}TOu airb uiarig KapSiag £v\ou&a. 
 Etq £tti [iriKKTTOv tvScuuov ati icai a.KuaI,ov fig KXebg koX TrpoK07rrjv rb 
 bfiirtpov 'OoiWtov AtSaKTrjptov, vfxug te tcai oi avrb KvfitpviovTeg kcu 
 iv aural dtdaoKOVTtg evdaiuoveg eitjte tov iravra \povov tni ayaSty riov 
 te ypaufxaTMV icai rwv tmtrTiintov. 
 
 'O tov ev 'A&tjvcuc 'E&vikou 
 
 Ilavemarr\[xiov 
 
 UpvTavig 
 
 E. K. SAKEAAAPOnOYAOS. 
 
 Ev 'ASrjvatg 
 Tp SEicary tou fitivbg 'lavovapiov 
 
 TOV <T(OTt)piOV BTOVg 
 
ADDRESSES. 161 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 Bologna. 
 
 [Telegram.] 
 
 Universita, Bologna alma madre degli studi associasi plaudente 
 a vostre celebrazioni. Rettore, Puntoni. 
 
162 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Padua. 
 
 Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi 
 
 APUD MaNCUNIENSES 
 
 Salvere jubet 
 Universitas Patavina. 
 
 Quod istius praeclari Collegii, viri doctissimi, quinquagesimum 
 diem natalem agitis, nos imprimis laetari decet, qui ordini 
 vetustissimae Universitatis adscripti, quam multa fere obsint novam 
 constituentibus studiorum sedem, iampridem experti sciamus. 
 
 Quondam igitur tarn breve aevi spatium tale incrementum Vestro 
 Collegio attulit, ut iam cum ceteris Britanniae Athenaeis toto orbe 
 perillustribus merito comparetur, Vobis vehementer gratulamur et 
 favemus. Existimate nos, quamvis non praesentes, animis tamen 
 quodammodo istis feriis interesse ac vota facere ut tarn prosperis 
 inceptis maiora etaim ac splendidiora in posterum respondeant. 
 
 Patavii a. d. VI Id. Mart. A.S. MCMII. 
 
 Vict. Polacco, 
 in Universitate Patavina 
 Ordinis Jctorum Decanus et Pro Rector. 
 
ADDRESSES. 163 
 
 Rome. 
 
 Yalenttnus Cerrutt E. Lycei Magni Romani 
 Magister Summtjs Doctoribus Alumnisque 
 
 CONLEGII OWENSIS MaNCTJNII IN UnIVERSITATE StUDIORUM 
 YlCTORIENSI CONSTITUTT SUIS CONLEGARUMQUE VERBIS 
 
 S. D. 
 
 Quod Vos, Viri Clarissimi, Vosque, optimae spei Adolescentes, IY. 
 Id. proxime instantis Mart. L. ab institutione Conlegii vestri annum 
 sollemniter concelebraturos nuncfatis, nosque geniali festo per 
 legatum nostrum adesse humanissime contenditis; id coetui nostro 
 universo pergratum acceptumque accidit. Siquidem bonarum artium 
 studiosis nihil tarn probatum optatumque usuvenire potest, quam 
 sapientum inceptis favere, deque amplioribus disciplinarum quaruni- 
 quaque incrementis publice vehementerque gaudere. 
 
 Qua propter Yobis, Yiri Clarissimi, Yobisque, optimae spei 
 Adolescentes, de indicto nunciato festo gratulantes, gratesque agentes, 
 turn Nos ex animo quinquagenariae proximae laetitiae vestrae 
 adfuturos, turn per 01. Yirum Henricum Roscoe, qui nuius modi 
 Munus libentissime suscipere assensus est, Romani Athenaei nostri 
 praesentiam testaturos significamus. Yalete. 
 
 XY. Kal. Mart. A. MDCCCCII. 
 
164 ADDRESSES. 
 
 JAPAN. 
 
 Tokio. 
 
 [Telegram.] 
 Cordial congratulations Jubilee celebrations. — Tokio University. 
 
ADDRESSES. 165 
 
 NETHERLANDS. 
 Leyden. 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TTnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 apud mancunienses 
 Universitatis Lugduno Batavae Senatus. 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Quod nos ut Vobiscum una ferias celebraremus, quas propter 
 exactum decimum lustrum in a. d. IV Id. Martii paratis, invitastis, 
 agnoscimus humanitatem Vestram. 
 
 Sed — cum summo nostro dolore nobis illud est declarandum — 
 temporum conditio nos ipsos per legatum adesse feriis Yestris vetat. 
 
 At non vetamur proloqui nobis tamquam fratribus cordi esse rem 
 ipsam, quae Vobis laetitiae praebet occasionem. 
 
 Mancinii enim nomen illud quam multa loquitur unicuique qui 
 hospes non est in earum rerum historia, quibus recentiore aetate 
 hominum mentes cum ipsam Angliam turn reliquam Europam 
 incolentium agitabantur! In memoriam revocat tempus quo Magna 
 Britannia viam praeibat populis qui quod ipsis persuasum erat quam 
 plurimis persuadere studebant : huinanitati nihil magis esse salutare 
 quam Libertatem. Mancinium qui nominat in mentem ei venit 
 studium illud homines quam maxime vindicandi a magistratum 
 importunitate : agendi, contrahendi, commercii exercendi libertas ei 
 stat ante oculos ; redire eum animo iuvat in tempus illud spei plenum 
 cum optima quaeque exspectabantur a liberi commercii lege, si per 
 totam populorum vitam extenderetur ilia. lam enim praesagiebat 
 nobile pacis artium certamen diro mox illi impositurum certamini 
 finem, quod cruentis geritur armis. 
 
 At non tarn prospere res cessit : quam multa obstarent non 
 intellexisse videntur homines. Sed quamvis spes frustra fuerit, 
 desperare tamen haudquaquam licet. Immo quotquot sunt hominum 
 
166 ADDRESSES. 
 
 genera artesque, nullis magis quam illis qui doctrinam colunt pro 
 libertate ilia est pugnandum, licet ea pugna multo quam exspecta- 
 verant gravior sit. Atque viris doctis qui Mancinii in nobilissima 
 ilia urbe habent domicilium in prima hie acie est dimicandum. 
 
 Quapropter pro Vobis iamiam ferias Yestras celebraturis publica 
 vota sic suscipimus; perstet in certamine, quod proprium sibi sumsit 
 urbs Mancinium, Collegium Owense, semperque memor sit sententiae 
 illius, quam in ore habebat Gulielmus Arausiacus Universitatis 
 nostrae auctor ; " neque ad conandum spe, neque ad perseverandum 
 successu opus est." 
 
 (Signed) H. van der Hoeven, Rector Magnificus. 
 W. van der Veugt, Actuarius. 
 
 Lugduni Batavorum mense Decembri anno 1901. 
 
ADDRESSES. 167 
 
 Utrecht. 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 Quae est apud Mancunienses 
 Saltjtem Dicit quam Plurimam Universitas Ultraiectina. 
 
 Laeti laetum accepimus nuntium Hancuniensibus esse in animo 
 celebrare memoriam quinquagesimam Collegii Owensis intra moenia 
 urbis suae conditi et discentibus patefacti. Libentissime vobis, viri 
 clarissimi, gratulemur tarn prudens et tarn faustum consilium, quo 
 omnibus apparebit, vetustissimam partem vestri Foederis Academici 
 vitae suae saeculum dimitiatum explevisse. Poenitet nos, quod 
 rationes nostrae non sinunt, nunc, medio studiorum cursu pergente, 
 unum de Senatu nostro legatum mittere, qui vostri gaudii testis vobis 
 pro gratissima invitatione agat gratias nee non sincera vota nuncupet 
 pro salute et flore futuris vostri sodalitii. Quare rogamus, ut litteris 
 vobis satisfacere liceat, quibus omnia bona vobis precamur 
 speramusque ut sol prosperitatis vobis rebusque vostris continuo 
 luceat. 
 
 A. A. W. Hubrecht, Rector-Hagnificus. 
 
 Molengraaff, Senatus ab actis. 
 
 Datum Ultraiecti Kal. Martiis ann. MCMII. 
 ( SEAL J 
 
168 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Amsterdam. 
 
 Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi 
 
 apud mancunienses 
 
 Salvere iubet Universitas Amstelodamensis. 
 
 Pergratum nobis accidit, Viri doctissimi, quod ex nostra quoque 
 Universitate legatum vestris feriis interesse cupivistis. Dolemus 
 tamen neminem ex Collegis Amstelodamensibus mense Martio vacare 
 suscipiendo huic nonorifico negotio. Quae igitur vota pro 
 incolumitate et assiduo flore Collegii Owensis libenter nuncupassemus 
 praesentes, ea iam bis litteris perscripta benevolenter, quaesumus, 
 accipiatis non minus sincera et solemnia. 
 
 d. Amstelodami Kal. Feb. MCMII. 
 
 P. K. Pel, Rector Magnificus. 
 
 C. Ph. Sluiter, Senatus ab actis. 
 
 ( SEAL J 
 
ADDRESSES. 169 
 
 NORWAY. 
 Christiania. 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN UnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 APUD MaNCUNIENSES 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Universitatis Regiae Fridericianae Senatus. 
 
 Literas Vestras, a. d. XI. Kal. Decemb. superiori anno datas, 
 quibus indicastis, semisecularia sollemnia Collegii Vestri a. d. IV. Id. 
 Mart, esse celebranda, laeto animo accepimus. Omnes enim 
 academiae, quae liberalibus artibus excolendis promovendisque 
 operam navent, amore sororio quodam semper cobaerent et firmis 
 operam ravent, amore sororio quodam semper cobaerent et firmis 
 inter se vinculis continentur. Hue accedit, quod inter populos nostros 
 non solum viciniae, sed etiam sanguinis affinitate antiquitus 
 coniunctos, plurima semper fuere commercia, minori potissimum 
 nationi et salubria et maximi momenti. lure ecclesia nostra filia 
 Anglicae vocata est, et per multa quoque saecula et rempublicam et 
 instituta et literas Magnae Britanniae mirabundi merito suspexere 
 nostrates. 
 
 Quocirca prospera vobis incrementa optimosque successus merito 
 congratulantes, ex pia animi sententia vota nuncupamus, ut collegio 
 Vestro semper benedicat Deus Optimus Maximus vosque continua 
 benignitate protegat et complectatur. 
 
 Mancuniensium, viri praestantissimi, qui uni e professoribus 
 nostris inter solemnia hospitium praestare voluerunt, benevolentiam 
 bumanitatemque grati agnoscimus. Pergratum sane nobis fuisset, si 
 
170 ADDRESSES. 
 
 collegam quempiam ad vos ablegare potuissemus, id quod tanien hac 
 occasione non licuit. Valete! 
 
 Dabamus Christianiae Kalendis Mart. MCMII. 
 
 W. E. Brogger, Senatus Academici Praeses. 
 
 Dec. fac. math.-ph.ys. 
 S. Michelet, Dec. fac. theol. 
 B. Morgenstierne, Dec. fac jur. 
 E. Poulsson, Dec. fac. med. 
 Yngvar Nielsen, Dec. fac. hist.-philos. 
 Chr. Aug. Orland, Secretariats universitatis. 
 
ADDRESSES. 171 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 
 Coimbra. 
 
 Rector, Senatus et Praeceptores Universitatis Conimbrigensis 
 Praesidi et Praeceptoribus 
 
 COLLEGII OWENSIS IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 apld Mancunjenses Viris Amplissimis 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Humanissimas vestras literas, Viri doctissimi, nuperrime allatas 
 singulari cum voluptate perlegimus : in quibus insigneui erga 
 Academiam nostram Collegii Owensis benevolentiam agnovimus. 
 Sed est cur vobis gratulemur inprimis; siquidem iam ornatissimo 
 Collegio vestro contigit, ut annum quinquagesimum, florentibus 
 optimarum artium studiis, feliciter expleret. 
 
 Quod vero eius natalem hoc mense solemniter celebraturi, 
 congredientibus auspicato viris eruditissimis, gaudia vestra nobiscum 
 etiam communicata voluistis, laetamur maximopere, gratiasque 
 immortales habemus. 
 
 Ceterum, hoc tempore ita scholarum occupationibus premimur et 
 obligamur, ut lectionum tradendarum abrumpere seriem nemini 
 doctorum liceat : quapropter nequimus aliquem e coetu nostro 
 deligere, qui consessum vestrum amplissimum petat, hospitioque 
 peramanter oblato perfruatur: quo quidem honore Academiae huic 
 nihil foret incundius. 
 
 Quod superest, Yiri sapientissimi, vobis Collegioque vestro omnia 
 
 fausta et fortunata, Deo favente, exoptamus in multa quinquennia. 
 
 Yalete. 
 
 Dr. Antonifs Josephus Goncalvez Glimaraes, 
 Pro-rector. 
 
 Dat. Conimbrigae, a. d. IV. Non. Mart. A.D. MCMII. 
 
172 ADDRESSES. 
 
 RUSSIA. 
 
 Helsingfors. 
 Illustrissimo Praesidi et Viris Doctissimis qtji 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN ITnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 
 apud Mancunienses praepositi sunt 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Universitas litterarum Helsingforsiensis. 
 
 Sollenne quinquaginta annorum in Collegio Owensi celebraturi 
 quoniam Yos qui ei praeestis, viri celeberrimi, nostram Academiam 
 iUius laetitiae participem esse voluistis, veras agimus Vobis gratias et 
 ex initiis, quae tarn clara brevi temporis spatio posuistis, speramus 
 fore ut magis magisque Universitas Vestra crescat et communem 
 artium ingenuarum laudem augeat patriaeque Vestrae amplificet 
 gloriam. 
 
 Hoc vero suum propriumque lumen babet atque babebit Vestra 
 Academia quod in tarn multiplici omnium gentium commeatu et in 
 tarn corroborato atque immenso rerum omnium commercio tantum 
 abest ut ab altioribus studiis abhorreatis, ut non solum mundi leges 
 Yobis investigandas esse, sed omne ingenii nuniani opus excolendum 
 censeatis. 
 
 Itaque " arduus ad solem " constet sibi animus Vester ; sic insigni 
 semper vigens virtute Collegium Owense et cuncta Universitas 
 Victoriensis simul fovebitis summam et doctrinam et bumanitatem. 
 
 In nomine Senatus Iniperialis Universitatis Alexandreae. 
 
 E. R. Hjelt. 
 
 D. Helsinforsiae Idibus Februariis A. MCMII. 
 
ADDRESSES. 173 
 
 Moscow. 
 
 [Telegram.] 
 
 L'TJniversite Imperiale de Moscou a recu avec reconnaissance 
 Finvitation de l'Owens College et lui addresse ses felicitations sinceres 
 pour son activite feconde pendant ces cinquante ans ecoules, en 
 faisant des voeux non moins sinceres pour que l'institution 
 de Manchester puisse celebrer encore a l'avenir de nombreux jubiles 
 en rhonneur de la science. 
 
 Recteur, A. Tikhomiroff. 
 
174 ADDRESSES. 
 
 SWEDEN. 
 Upsala. 
 
 [Telegram.] 
 
 The University of Upsala begs to offer the Owens College its best 
 wishes and cordial congratulations on the celebration of the fiftieth 
 anniversary of the College, in the name of the Senate. 
 
 Olof IIammarsten, Rector of Upsala University. 
 
ADDRESSES. 175 
 
 Lund. 
 
 Q. D. O. M. B. V. 
 
 Universitas Regia Carolina Lundensis Praesidi Sociisque 
 
 COLLEGII OWENSIS IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 APUD MaNCUNIENSES 
 
 s. r. d. 
 
 Litteras vestras, viri doctissimi, quibus nos ad solennia vestra 
 semisaecularia celebranda invitastis, gratissimo animo accepimus. 
 Sed nos longa via et assiduus labor hums temporis probibent, ne 
 legatum intra nos ipsos electum mittamus. Hac tamen epistola 
 vobis propter lustra decern feliciter iam peracta animo sincero 
 gratulamur. Fas est sperare fore ut Collegium vestrum labore 
 praeceptorum et discipulorum, munificentia civium, ut mos est 
 Anglorum, auctum per aetates longas innumerabilibus adolescentium 
 catervis eruditionem doctrinamque tradat atque hoc modo imperium 
 Britannicum in fines orbis terrarum proferat. Vivat, vigeat, floreat 
 Collegium Owense in Universitate Yictoriensi apud Mancunienses. 
 
 Dabamus Lundae a. d. II. Id. Febr. MCMII. 
 
 Magnus Bliz. 
 Rector Universitatis Lundensis. 
 
176 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Stockholm. 
 
 Rector et Senatus TJniversitatis Holmiensis 
 
 Praesidi et Senatui Collegisque Omnibus 
 
 Collegii Owens Manchesteriensis. 
 
 s. P. D. 
 
 Jucundissimae nobis fuerunt literae a Vobis missae, quibus ad 
 memoriam conditi ante quinquaginta annos Collegii Vestri nobilissimi 
 Vobiscum celebrandam aedificiumque Collegii novum splendidumque 
 inaugurandum nos quoque voluistis invitare. Urbem Vestram decus 
 esse Britanniae non solum propter industriam laboriosam civium et 
 multitudinem opum, verum etiam propter splendorem literarum et 
 artium liberalium iam olim clarum et per haec decennia magnifice a 
 Vobis auctum, quis ignorat? Cuius lumina totum per orbem 
 elucentia Nos quoque communi Yobiscum pietate admiramur, inter 
 quae prominent Joannes Dalton et Jacobus Joule, inter omnes, qui 
 naturam pervestigare et in chemicis et physicis artibus elaborare 
 student, immortali semper laude prosequendi, et Ricardus ille Cobden, 
 inter viros rei publicae administrandae peritos perillustris, libertatis 
 et salutis communis studiosissimus. Domum illam, ubi liabitaverat 
 inclitus hie vir primam sedem praebuisse audivimus Collegio Yestro 
 quod nunc ab alio viro nobili et liberali aedificium magnificentius 
 dono accepit. Tanti nominis omen faustum egregie accepistis, 
 quippe qui libertatis semper defensores et propugnatores tenebrarum- 
 que inexorabiles inimici fueritis. 
 
 Quam famam in literis omnium generum per L hos annos — tarn 
 exiguum in vita gentium et populorum tempus — Vobis iam compara- 
 vistis maximam quotidieque comparatis, earn ut feliciter conservetis 
 glorioseque per futuras aetates promoveatis piis ac sinceris votis 
 exoptamus, cuius pietatis et voti testes hasce literas esse voluimus. 
 Valete. 
 
 SVANTE ArRHENIUS, 
 
 Rector TJniversitatis Holmiensis, 
 
 Senatus Academici Praeses. 
 
ADDRESSES. 177 
 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 Basel. 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJniVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI 
 APUD MaNCUNIENSES 
 
 Universitatis Basiliensis Profes sores 
 s. 
 
 Summo gaudio, collegse doctissimi humanissimique, ex Vestris 
 litteris nuper receptis didicimus, collegium Yestrum decimo lustro 
 finito a. d. IV. Id. Mart, sollemnia celebraturum esse fautorum 
 collegarum amicorum magna cum caterva. Quibus quod nemo 
 nostrum possit interesse, quantopere doleamus scitis iamiam ex 
 litteris nuper ad Vos datis iterumque hodie repetimus, scholis 
 impediti medioque in labore versati. Veterrima enim nostra 
 Helvetorum Universitas libenter mississet qui gratularentur primos 
 quinquaginta annos feliciter peractos Anglicorum Collegio fere 
 novissimo. 
 
 Feliciter sane peregit Owense collegium decern hsec lustra. Quot 
 viri doctissimi convenerunt qui docerent, quot qui discerent 
 adulescentes studiosissimi. Quot inventis professores illustres illustris 
 collegii scientiam auxerunt, gloriam comparaverunt Universitati 
 sibique. Quot semina quot discipulorum inseveritis animis, quot 
 quanti fructus sint inter paucos hosce annos inde orti, quis censeat? 
 quis pendat ? 
 
 Eadem Vobis est docendi ratio, quserendi eadem. Atque nobiscum 
 Yos sentire libenter accipimus, non nisi sapientise semper studiosum 
 bene docere posse studiosos. Ex matre enim eadem orta est utraque 
 Universitas, ex Atbeniensi scilicet prima ilia Academia, eundemque 
 colimus HPQA KTI2THN Platonem, MAIEYT1KH2 TEXNH2 inter- 
 
 M 
 
178 ADDRESSES. 
 
 pretem incomparabilem, pium sacrumque sacerdotem EPfiTOS TOY 
 KAAOY. 
 
 Qua ex opinione multa Vestro collegio nova lustra yte saecula felicia 
 augurati ex animi sententia optamus ut ultra maneat Vobis hie 
 bonarum scientiarum flagrantissimus amor vere academicus coniun- 
 gatque magistros cum discipulis semper amice. Valete. 
 
 Datum BasilesD Kalendis Martiis. 
 
 Subscripsit Universitatis Basiliensis, h.t. rector. 
 
 Prof. Fritz Fleiner. 
 
ADDRESSES. 179 
 
 Zurich. 
 
 Universitatis Turicensis Rector et Senatus 
 
 COLLEGIS HUMANISSIMIS MaNCUNIENSIBUS. 
 S. D. 
 
 Quo laetior nobis nuntius advenit, a. d. IV. Id. Mart. A.S. MCMII 
 decern lustra esse circumacta, ex quo Collegium Owense in 
 Universitate Victoriensi conditum esset vosque ad eum diem 
 concelebrandum ea qua uti soletis urbanitate unum e nobis quoque 
 invitasse, eo molestius ferimus, quod tanto spatio negotiisque impediti 
 legatum mittere nequimus. Id autem volumus, ut pro certo habeatis, 
 nos benevolenter lubenterque lustra feliciter peracta congratulari 
 atque hoc votum pie suscipere, ut in posterum quoque propitio numine 
 vobis Deus adesse velit. 
 
 Turici a. d. VII Kal. Jan. MCMII. 
 
 [ SEAL J 
 
180 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Bern. 
 
 Rector et Senatus Universitatis litterarum Bernensis 
 
 COLLEGIO OWENSI QUOD EST IN UnIVERSITATE YlCTORIENSI 
 
 AruD Mancunienses 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Pergratus nobis advenit nuntius festissimum vos. a. d. IV. Id. 
 Mart. h. a. celebraturos esse diem atque eum quasi duplicem et 
 bifrontem. E-etro enim spectantes laetamini decern lustris Collegio 
 vestro in litterarum cura prosperrimo successu peractis. In posterum 
 autem iidem gratissima futuri proventus spe elati ornatiorem sedem 
 scientiae studiis prospicitis novam aulam inaugurantes. Cuius 
 laetitiae quod nos quoque participes esse voluistis, gaudenti animo ac 
 libenti paremus. Atque cum natalem semisaecularem ex sententia 
 vobis gratulamur, speramus per longissimam annorum seriem in novo 
 quod dedicaturi estis sacello Musis vos studiorum ac doctrinae frugem 
 libaturos esse uberrimam. Valete. 
 
 Dabamus Bernae a. d. Y. Kal. Mart. a. MCMII. 
 
 Dr. A. Oncken, h.t. Rector. 
 
 f SEAL J 
 
ADDRESSES. 
 
 181 
 
 Geneva. 
 
 Rector Senattjsque Universitatis Genevensis 
 
 Illustrissimo Praesidi 
 
 Senatuique Collegii Owensis 
 
 S. P. D. 
 
 Gratissimum fuit nobis quod, cum quinquagenariam clarissimi 
 Collegii Yestri nataliciam essetis celebraturi, ut legatione missa ei 
 solemni interessemus amicissime invitavistis. Quam benevolentiae 
 Yestrae significationem quoniam magni, ut par est, f acimus, ex nostro 
 numero virum doctissimum optimeque de herbarum cognitione 
 meritum Rob. Chodat ad vos mittimus, qui Yobis nostro omnium 
 nomine decern lustra cum maximo decore peracta congratuletur, 
 votaque pia perferat quae pro Yestra Collegiique Yestri salute, 
 felicitate, dignitate suscipimus. Yalete. 
 
 Genevae, Kal. Mart. MCMII. 
 
 Ernest Martin, Rect. 
 
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