UC-NRLF *C Ifl 1D5 J U BILE! MANC UK mgr^vTtiWtKs/iaiiSBr^.'t. , LIBRARY OF THE University of California. GIFT OF>- J^ecord of the Jubilee Celebrations Record of the Jubilee Celebrations at Owens College Manchester ISSUED AT THE REQUEST OF THE COUNCIL BY THK COMMITTEE OF THE OWENS COLLEGE UNION MAGAZINE MANCHESTER SHERRATT & HUGHES 1902 PREFACE. This little book owes its origin to the desire that has been expressed in many quarters to obtain a 'permanent record of the Jubilee Festivities of Owens College. Accordingly the Council of the College requested the Committee of tJie " Owens College Union Magazine " to help them to put together an account of the proceedings on that occasion. The Committee readily fell in with this wish ; and the present volume, which appears as a special number of the Magazine, is the result. A hearty word of acknowledgment must be given to the Proprietors of the " Manchester Guardian " who have kindly allowed the full use of their reports of the proceedings of March last. The Historical Sketch of the College is the work of Miss Josephine Laidler, B.A., who has also arranged and edited the greater part of the material, and Mr. A. R. Skemp has taken a large share in seeing the work through the press. To both of them the thanks of the Council are due. It may be mentioned that, owing to the exigencies of space, the addresses which have been printed are those of Universities only, and that they have been arranged under countries in alphabetical order, the order of the Universities in each country being that of seniority of foundation. October 10th, 1902. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Plates : 1. John Owens Frontispiece 2. Old College Buildings, Quay Street to face page 16 3. Front View op the College and Whitworth Hall „ „ 32 4. The Quadrangle 5. The Medical School 6. The Christie Library 7. The Physics Laboratory Historical Sketch The Foundation The Beginning in Quay Street The First Twenty Years ... Three Years op Change : The New Buildings The Medical School The Museum The Beginning in Oxford Street The Last Twenty Years ... Scientific Development The Victoria University ... The Department for Women Grants Day Training Department ... Change in Principalship ... Library Schorlemmer Laboratory ... The Physical Laboratories Halls of Residence Unions Acts of Parliament and The Celebrations of iooi ... The Principal's Address to Students, March 12th, 1901 The Smoking Concert on May 18th, 1901 The Garden Party of June 29th, 1901 , 48 , 64 , 80 , 96 Page. 1 1 2 4 6 7 9 9 12 12 13 14 15 15 16 16 16 17 18 18 21 23 26 28 ii. CONTENTS. Page. Jubilee Publications 30 The Owens College, by P. J. Hartog, B.Sc 31 The Owens College Jubilee 31 The Owens College Historical Essays 31 The Owens College Jubilee 33 The Bishop's Sermon 35 The Opening op the Whitworth Hall 40 The Arrival of the Procession 41 Order of Procession 41 The President's Speech 44 The Address of the College 46 The Prince's Reply 48 The Vote of Thanks to the Prince and Princess 51 The Earl of Derby's speech in moving the vote 51 Sir W. H. Houldsworth's speech in seconding it 52 The Prince's acknowledgment 54 Address by Sir R. C. Jebb, as the representative of literature ... 54 Address by Dr. A. W. Rticker, as the representative of science ... 57 Speech by Sir F. Forbes Adam, expressing the thanks of the College to Sir R. C. Jebb and Dr. A. W. Riicker The Conversazione List of Exhibits : The Chemical Laboratories The Christie Library The Whitworth Engineering Laboratory The Physical Laboratories The Beyer Laboratories The Manchester Museum The Ceremonies of March 13th The Presentation op Addresses Speech of the Duke of Devonshire ... List op Universities, Societies, etc., represented, with names of delegates : Foreign Universities and Societies Indian and Colonial Universities Universities of the United Kingdom University Colleges of the United Kingdom Learned Societies of the United Kingdom 60 61 62 63 63 64 64 65 66 66 66 67 68 68 69 69 CONTENTS Speeches of Delegates Professor A. H. Becquerel (Academie des Sciences Institut de France) Sir G. G. Stokes (Royal Society) ... The Rev. Dr. W. W. Merry (Oxford) Professor H. Breymann (Munich) Professor Voigt (Gottingen) Dr. Knecht (Zurich) Professor Chodat (Geneva) Professor Woodward (Harvard) Lord Strathcona (M'Gill, Montreal)... Professor W. Booth (Calcutta) Mr. G. B. Bilderbeck (Madras) Professor Hudson Beare (Adelaide)... Professor Dendy (New Zealand) Sir R. C. Jebb (Cambridge) Dr. Ker (London) Mr. T. F. Roberts (Wales) Dr. 0. J. Lodge (Birmingham) Professor W. A. Knight (St. Andrews) Professor G. G. Ramsay (Glasgow) ... The Very Rev. Dr. Lang (Aberdeen)... Professor Simpson (Edinburgh) Professor Mahaffy (Dublin) Sir R. Blennerhassett (Ireland) List op Universities and Learned Societies addresses, but not delegates Speech bt the Principal op Owens College in addresses Speech by Professor Dixon in reply to The Honorary Degrees Speech by Lord Spencer Recipients of Degrees LL.D.j presented by the Principal Sir W. R. Anson Sir J. T. Hibbert The Lord Mayor Mr. Justice Kennedy ... Page. . 71 THE ADDRESSES WHICH REPLY TO SENT THE 71 71 71 72 72 72 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 73 74 74 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 76 78 80 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 CONTENTS. Page. The Dean of Manchester .. 82 Mr. A. Neild .. 82 Principal T. F. Roberts .. 82 Sir A. Rollit .. 82 Lord Strathcona .. 83 Mr. R. T. Wright .. 83 Litt.D., presented by Professor Wilkins .. 83 Professor Angellier .. 83 Professor Bradley .. 84 Professor Breymann .. 84 Professor Espinas .. 84 Professor Ker ... .. 85 The Rev. Dr. McLaren .. 85 The Bishop of Manchester .. 85 The Rev. Dr. W. W. Merry .. 85 Professor A. S. Napier .. 86 Mrs. Rylands .. 86 Mr. J. H. Wylie .. 86 D.Sc, presented by Professor Young and Professor Schuster . .. 86 Sir Thomas Barlow .. 87 Sir J. S. Burdon-Sanderson .. 87 Sir W. S. Church .. 87 Mr. H. G. Howse .. 88 Professor Simpson .. 88 Professor A. H. Becquerel .. 88 Professor Robert Chodat .. 89 Professor G. C. Foster .. 89 Dr. J. W. L. Glaisher .. 89 Principal E. H. Griffiths .. 89 Principal W. M. Hicks .. 89 Dr. E. W. Hobson .. 90 Professor G. B. Howes .. 90 Professor W. Jack .. 90 Principal 0. J. Lodge .. 90 Professor W. Nernst .. 90 Professor J. H. Poynting .. 91 Professor W. Tilden .. 91 Professor W. Voigt .. 91 Professor H. Marshall Ward .. 91 CONTENTS Mus.Doc, presented by Dr. Hiles Mr. A. Brodsky Dr. Richter M.A., presented by Professor Tout Miss Adamson Mr. H. Guppy Mr. E. Helm Mr. T. C. Horsfall Mr. G. Milner Mr. C. Rowley Mr. C. W. Sutton Mr. C. H. Wyatt lf.Sc, presented by Professor Lamb Mr. C. Bailey Mr. F. Jones Mr. J. H. Reynolds Mr. James Scotson A B.A. Degree. Mr. Henry Brierley, presented by Professor Wilkins Description of the Whitworth Hall The Jubilee Dinner Page. 91 92 92 92 92 93 93 93 93 94 94 94 94 95 95 95 95 96 96 98 Student Celebrations Dr. McLaren's Sermon. Congratulatory Addresses to the College from British and Foreign Universities: United Kingdom : Oxford... Cambridge St. Andrews Glasgow Aberdeen Edinburgh Dublin... London... Durham Wales . . . Birmingham 99 100 107 108 109 110 111 113 114 115 116 117 119 VI. CONTENTS, Colonies and India: MacGill, Montreal Melbourne Madras New Zealand United States of America Harvard Yale ... Pennsylvania Princeton Columbia, New York Cornell California Johns Hopkins ... Western Reserve, Ohio Austria-Hungary : German University of Prague Czech University of Prague Vienna Budapest Belgium : Liege Denmark : Copenhagen France : Paris Lille German Empire : Heideberg Wurzburg Leipzig Freiburg im Breisgau Munich Halle-Wittenberg. . . Jena Strassburg Giessen Kiel Page. 121 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 143 144 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 CONTENTS Gottingen Erlangen Berlin ... Bonn Greece : Athens ... Italy : Bologna Padua ... Rome . . . Japan : Tokio ... Netherlands Ley den ... Utrecht... Amsterdam Norway : Christiania Portugal : Coimbra Russia: Helsingfors Moscow... Sweden: Upsala ... Lund Stockholm Switzerland : Basel ... Zurich ... Bern Geneva . . . Page. .. 156 .. 157 .. 158 .. 159 .. 160 .. 161 .. 162 .. 163 .. 164 .. 165 .. 167 .. 168 .. 169 .. 171 .. 172 .. 173 ... 174 ... 175 .. 176 ... 177 ... 179 ... 180 .., 181 Historical Sketch of the Owens College, 1851 — 1902. THE FOUNDATION THE BEGINNING IN QUAY STREET THE FIRST TWENTY YEARS THREE YEARS OF CHANGE: THE ACTS OF PARLIAMENT AND THE NEW BUILDINGS THE MEDICAL SCHOOL THE MUSEUM THE BEGINNING IN OXFORD STREET THE LAST TWENTY YEARS SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT THE VICTORIA UNIVERSITY THE DEPARTMENT FOR WOMEN GRANTS DAY TRAINING DEPARTMENT CHANGE IN PRINCIPALSHIP LIBRARY SCHORLEMMER LABORATORY THE PHYSICAL LABORATORIES HALLS OF RESIDENCE UNIONS The Foundation. In the days of the early fifties, when the Manchester Guardian was published but twice a week, there appeared a modest advertisement in the paper of Saturday, February 8th, 1851, headed " Owens College." It announced that an institution of that name would open on an early date, having for its object " providing or aiding the means of instructing and improving young persons of the male sex (and being of an age not less than fourteen years), in such branches of learning and science as are now, and may be hereafter, usually taught in the English universities." Such had been the wording of the will of John Owens, by which he bequeathed for the foundation of a college a sum of over £96,000. John Owens had died five years earlier, leaving behind him the memory of an upright merchant, liberal in nature, but reserved in manners. His religious opinions had been founded on a broad basis, and he had regarded compulsory subscription to any prescribed creed with stern disfavour, having been particularly opposed to the religious tests enforced at the old universities. Thus, when his friend George Faulkner, refusing to become his heir himself, encouraged him to leave his wealth for the advancement of learning in his native town, his foremost thought was of a college in which perfect liberty of religious opinion should be enjoyed by both teachers and students. He appointed as his trustees men of strict integrity and of varied views, who spent the five years following his death in laboriously and conscientiously collecting information from men of experience in all parts of England and Scotland, to enable them to fulfil their trust worthily and well. With the possible exception of University College, London, there was not a single college in England at that time that could have served them as a model, and every plan they made could only be regarded as in the nature of an experiment. Against what now seem to have been almost insuperable difficulties, their dogged perseverance at length prevailed, and five weeks after 2 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF the preliminary announcement in the Manchester Guardian there was published in the same paper an account of the opening of Owens College on March 12th, 1851. The day was of high importance for education, not only in the North of England, but in the whole country. Its significance was to some extent realised in the celebrations of its anniversary in the present year, when men came from all parts of the world to offer their congratulations. But it stood for far more than the founding of one more institution of learning — it marked the beginning of a new and liberal system of university education. It marked the first conscious union of town and gown in English history, the meeting of scholar and merchant on common ground and with common aims. The Owens College was the pioneer of the twelve other University Colleges since established in the centres of utilitarian energies and commercial ideals, which leaven their surroundings with scholarly influences, and derive, in turn, material support from them. The Beginning in Quay Street. It was in a " spacious dwelling-house " in Quay Street that Owens College began its career fifty years ago. Its first staff consisted of the following professors and teachers : — Principal of the College, and Professor of Logic, Mental and Moral Philosophy, and English Language and Literature, Mr. A. J. Scott, M.A. Professor of the Language and Literature of Greece and Rome, and of Ancient and Modern History, Mr. J. G. Greenwood, B.A. Professor of Mathematics, Mr. Archibald Sandeman, M.A. ,, „ Chemistry, Mr. Edward Frankland, Ph.D. ,, „ Natural History, Botany, and Geology, Mr. W. C. Williamson. Teacher of German, Hebrew, and Oriental Languages, Mr. T. Theodores. Teacher of French, M. Podevin. THE OWENS COLLEGE. 3 The College was formally opened at a public meeting in the Town Hall, on Wednesday, March 12th, 1851, and the following day the first session began in Quay Street, with two of a series of introductory lectures. Principal Scott unfortunately was ill at that time, and it fell to the lot of Professor Greenwood to give the first lecture. It is of interest to describe the starting point, as it were, of the race set before the College ; only by doing so can we gain an adequate idea of the progress since made. The inaugural lectures were held in what was called the " common hall and large lecture room " of the College house —formerly a music room. Soon after eleven o'clock on the first day the staff entered the room, " attired," to quote the local papers, " in collegiate gowns, and carrying college caps in their hands." The trustees of John Owens were seated in the alcove in which an organ had formerly stood ; the professors took their seats on the right, while in front were a platform and desk for the lecturer. The introductory lectures were open to visitors giving their names and addresses to the porter, and thus, says the newspaper, " the remainder of the seats, with which the room was filled, were occupied by a numerous and highly respectable assemblage." In those days there was apparently no obnoxious condescension in characterising an audience as " highly respectable," nor did it convey any sinister implication to write habitually of Owens College as " the Institution," with a capital " I." Mr. Alexander Kay, one of the trustees, presided. After he had introduced the Professors to the audience, Professor Greenwood gave his lecture " On the Languages and Literature of Greece and Eome." He spoke much of the ideals of academic life, and brought a lofty and serious address to an end with these words : " Those who aim at the true end of education — the discipline of the mind and the strengthening of its faculties for after use in the noblest way — they, too, will gain their end, for the very effort, if honestly made, implies success." Professor Sandeman, who gave the second lecture, spoke of the mental discipline of mathematics, and of their inestimable value in generating habits of accuracy and thoroughness in reasoning. In this way was inaugurated the study of the two broad divisions of 4 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF learning, Arts and Science, the former represented by classics, and the latter by mathematics. Complexity of classification and minute- ness of specialization in each branch, to whatever extent they grow, can never obscure or change the goal indicated in these first lectures. There had been an entrance examination in the morning, but the weather was regardless of human arrangements, and necessitated an announcement that any student who had been unable to attend in consequence of the rain, might sit for another preliminary examina- tion on the Sahirday. Present day students doubtless look back with longing to the good old days when, if one examination were missed — unavoidably, of course — another was considerately provided for them. The introductory lectures were continued with much success, attracting audiences which were invariably " very numerous and highly respectable." The first session, having only begun in March, was of a fragmentary and somewhat experimental nature, and when it closed, in June, the entrance of 25 students seemed to be an eminently satisfactory beginning. The First Twenty Years. The first complete session of the College began amid busy preparations for a royal visit to Manchester. Principal Scott opened the session with the inaugural lecture that he had been too ill to give before. He delivered it in the Town Hall, under the presidency of the Mayor, John Potter, who was knighted the following week by the Queen, when she paid Manchester that memorable visit of 1851, accompanied by the Prince Consort and the Duke of Wellington. It was in commemoration of this visit that two years later the first scholarships were founded at Owens College — the Victoria, by Samuel Fletcher, and the Wellington, by George Faulkner. The year 1853 is notable in that it saw the appointment of Richard Copley Christie to the newly founded Chair of History. Mr. Christie also became Professor of Political Economy and of Jurisprudence, and it would be difficult to overestimate the powerfully beneficent influence he exerted on the College from first to last. When Owens College was three years old, George Faulkner presented it with the Quay Street house, in which it lived and worked THE OWENS COLLEGE. 5 for some twenty years. It was about this time, by the way, that the students petitioned for academic dress. The authorities deemed it unadvisable to allow the wearing of a costume so incongruous with the squalid surroundings of the College, and not until the Jubilee year were the days of probationary plain clothes fulfilled, and the distinction of cap and gown conferred on undergraduates. The promise of the opening sessions was not immediately realised, and a weary period of declining numbers and diminishing interest soon set in. The darkest days ever seen by the College were those of the session 1857-8. It was the first session of Principal Greenwood's Principalship, and dreary discouragements beset him on all sides. The number of students was lamentably low. One day during this depressing period Henry Roscoe was standing at the College entrance, when a man enquired of him, " Maister, is this th' neet asylum ?" With a doleful shake of the head he replied, " Not yet, my man, but if you come in six months' time I fear it will be !" There were various reasons for the diminution of numbers, perhaps the most important being the inadequate preparation of schoolboys for the entrance examination. The matter was discussed in the local papers, one of which definitely branded the College " a mortifying failure." Professor Scott (who still retained his Chair, though unable to act as Principal) took up cudgels for the College, and ably defended its maintenance of a high standard of education. Another paper, while admitting the failure of the College to be an indisput- able fact, laid the shame of the defeat wholly at the door of an unworthy populace, comparing the inhabitants of Manchester to African savages, yearning for Sheffield blades and palm-oil, while the missionary, in the guise of Owens College, stood unheeded in their midst, offering them the Grospel. The writer spoke in glowing terms of " the beatitudes of scientific thought " spurned by a mercenary Manchester, and scornfully depicted the sordid crowd rolling along Deansgate " heedless of the proximity of Plato and Aristotle." This vivid picture of the degradation of Manchester as reflected in the failure of Owens College, was not to remain true long. The next session opened with hopeful signs, which were not deceptive; a greater number of advanced students was obtained, 6 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF and the College gradually increased in numbers and importance. The early sixties saw the Quay Street class-rooms in an uncomfort- ably crowded condition, and accordingly an extension scheme was brought before the Manchester people. It was received with expressions of approval so practical that in three years' time the foundation stone of the present buildings in Oxford Road was laid by the late Duke of Devonshire. A review of the first twenty years of Owens College shows the eminent wisdom of its founder's policy. John Owens had desired that the money he left should be devoted to securing efficiency of teaching rather than sufficiency of accommodation. He laid more stress on the intellectual than on the architectural future of his College, realising that the latter would always take care of itself. Three Years of Change. The Acts of Parliament and the New Buildings. Meanwhile the old buildings in Quay Street were proving less and less adequate for the growing College. A public meeting was held to promote an extension scheme, and after much discussion the present site in Oxford Street was eventually fixed on as suitable for the future College. The authorities were without funds to erect the necessary building, but the energy of the Committee on whom the burden of raising money was laid, soon resulted in the acquisition of some £80,000, and it was decided to embark on the new scheme at once. Mr. Alfred Waterhouse drew up plans for the present College buildings, and in the three years during which they were in progress, some events of the utmost importance took place. The two Acts of Parliament of 1870 and 1871 modified the constitution of the College and defined its government. Among other changes of the original plan, sex restrictions were set aside, and the age of entrance was raised from fourteen to sixteen years. The supreme control of the College was vested in the Court of Gfovernors, while its general and financial administration was entrusted to the Council, its Executive Committee. The Senate, to be composed of the Principal and professors, managed the THE OWENS COLLEGE. 7 educational affairs of the College. The offices of President, Treasurer, and Principal were also provided for, and the Associates became an organised body with certain well-defined privileges and obligations. Henceforth the College, hitherto carried on according to the will, expressed or understood, of its founder, was drawn under the control of regulations of a very definite kind, and felt for the first time the solid rock of a legal constitution beneath its feet. With such a foundation, it was enabled not merely to progress on the old lines, but to carry out the wishes of John Owens in a more practical and methodical way than had been possible before. The Medical School. Early the following year there occurred one of the most important events in the history of the College. This was the incorporation of the Manchester Royal School of Medicine. As early as 1856 negotiations had been begun for the union of the two institutions, but no satisfactory arrangements were arrived at for some years. It was not, indeed, until 1872, the year in which the College attained its majority, that the Medical School actually became the Medical Department of Owens College. A word must be said as to the previous history of this school, for it had been as persevering and as effective a pioneer as Owens itself. It was founded by the well-known surgeon, Thomas Turner, in Pine Street, in 1824, and equipped with six chairs, the occupant of that of Chemistry being John Dalton. It was the first school of medicine outside London, both in time and in efficiency. At first the students laboured under many and various disabilities, owing to restrictions placed on their Infirmary attendances by the College of Surgeons in London. But before three years had passed every obstacle in the way of the progress and public recognition of the Pine Street School was cleared away. Owing not only to its priority in time, but also to its superiority in efficiency, it was granted the title " Royal " twelve years after its foundation. Other medical schools came and went in Manchester, but the Pine Street School pursued its way unshaken by rivalry and with steadily 8 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF increasing prestige and power. The students qualified for the most part at the College of Surgeons; some took the licentiateship of the Apothecaries' Hall, and some the London University degree. In an inaugural lecture, delivered when the amalgamation with Owens College was finally effected, Mr. Turner looked forward to the establishment of a Northern University, and prophesied " accelerated progress " to both Owens and the Medical School. His prediction has been amply fulfilled. " The time," says Professor Young, " was singularly opportune for incorporation. The scheme of medical education was then undergoing a complete change. The scientific method was asserting itself and had to be adopted. After the amalgamation, the Medical School was at once put on an improved footing. New buildings were erected with lecture theatres, class rooms and laboratories large enough, it was thought, to meet the growing requirements of medical education in Manchester for many years to come. Nothing affords more striking testimony of the remarkable progress of the Medical School, after its incorporation with the Owens College, than the fact that in less than ten years the accommodation provided was found to be altogether inadequate. Additions were made by which the school was practically doubled in size. Again, however, the progress and growth of the school exceeded all expectations, and another decade had hardly been completed before, as has been well said, ' the school was embarrassed with its own success.' The necessity for still further additions was quickly met by the Council, and new laboratories and lecture theatres for physiology, pathology, medical jurisprudence, public health, and dental classes were provided. The rooms previously used in the older buildings by the departments named have been utilised to provide additional accommodation for medicine, surgery, obstetrics, anatomy, materia medica, pharmacy and other special subjects. As a result the Medical School of the Owens College, so far as regards laboratories, class rooms, and general equipment, is one of the finest in the kingdom. " The number of students entering for classes in the Medical School is now over 400 each year. When the Royal School of Medicine was incorporated in the College, 29 years ago, the number THE OWENS COLLEGE. 9 was only 99. The increase was continuous and rapid up to tlie year 1891. The course of study, which medical students are required to attend, was then extended from four to five years, and, as might be expected, the increase in the number of entries each year has not been so marked during the last few years as formerly. " Further many other Schools of Medicine have been rebuilt or extended, and brought more into line with modern requirements, and the question arises as to whether Manchester is still keeping sufficiently ahead in all the branches and sections of medical education, or whether there is not some danger of other interests overshadowing those of education. " The provision of a conveniently situated and adequately equipped hospital for clinical work and instruction is still urgently called for, both in the interests of the community generally and in those of medical education. Without such a hospital the Medical School with all its advantages, and they are many, can never hope to play its proper part in promoting the well-being of the citizens of Manchester, and of contributing its due share to the advancement of medical knowledge." The Museum. In the same year as the amalgamation of the Medical School with Owens College the nucleus was acquired of the large and valuable possessions of the Manchester Museum. The collections of the Manchester Natural History Society and the Manchester Geological Society were transferred to the College; they had, however, to wait sixteen years before they found a lasting habitation in the building now known as the " Manchester Museum, Owens College." The Beginning in Oxford Street. The new buildings now approached completion, and the part of the College forming the west side of the quadrangle was opened in 1873 by the late Duke of Devonshire. The opening took the form of an " oratorical ceremony," in the Chemistry Theatre. 10 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF In his speech the Duke of Devonshire opened up a wide outlook for the College ; he contemplated a magnificent future, which should abound in lasting achievements. He spoke of the ideals and aims of the founder of Owens College, of the deeds already done, and of the increased possibilities for the College now that its accommodation was adequate. He was right when he said that with however much satisfaction the new buildings might be contemplated they only opened the way to still further progress and development. Such has been the case ; Owens has ever used its achievements as stepping stones, not as resting places. After this inspiring speech, Principal Greenwood read his lecture on " Some Relations of Culture to Practical Life." He held up lofty and inspiring ideals to the students, and spoke with deep solemnity of the " end of learning," concluding with a direct and memorable plea for the true honour due to John Owens. " Others have honoured his memory by raising these noble buildings to bear his name. It is for you, gentlemen, and for us to see that the immaterial College, which alone he was concerned to found, shall be not less worthy of him." His address was the noble expression of a mind whose influence on the College has been beneficent and lasting. Mr. Thomas Ashton, to whose untiring zeal it was largely owing that the new buildings were ever erected, formally handed over the building to the College authorities, and in doing so gave utterance to a prophecy fulfilment of which is almost due. He said he had the greatest confidence " that before thirty years had elapsed they would see within the walls of Owens College from 1,500 to 2,000 students." Last session (1901-2), twenty-eight years after the utterance of these words, there were 1,105 day students, and 176 evening class students, making a total which gives Mr. Ashton's prediction a more satisfactory fulfilment than usually befalls human prophecy. Professor Roscoe, Mr. Waterhouse, and Mr. Alfred Neild also spoke, and were followed by Bishop Eraser, who referred to the character ascribed to Manchester of being a place addicted to the pursuit of money ; for it was a common saying at that time in England at large, and particularly in that part of England of which Manchester was THE OWENS COLLEGE. 11 the centre, that the acquisition of wealth had for long been far more rapid here than the acquisition of knowledge and culture. The Bishop evidently shared the belief to which he alluded, and acted up to his convictions by translating all the Greek quotations which adorned his address — though he caused much amusement by declaring that he did so for the benefit of the ladies in the gallery. This, be it remembered, was ten years before women were admitted to the College as students. Professor Scott (now Principal of the Lancashire Independent College), Sir James Kay Shuttle worth, the Hon. Algernon Egerton, and Sir Benjamin Brodie (who represented the older Universities) took part in the ceremony. Some of the hopes and fears expressed on that occasion, thirty years ago, seem to be almost of the nature of pleasantries, read in the light of intervening history ; but the lofty and serious note struck in many of the addresses has proved the true key-note of College life and work, and the ideals expounded then are still inspiring both staff and students. The speeches of the great opening meeting lasted three hours, and suffered from an " uniformity of faultlessness," as the contemporary records express it. The students, however, rose to the occasion, and varied the " monotony of excellence " by those exhibitions of dazzling wit to which we have now become inured. They were lauded in the local papers for their interruptions, which, " though vastly inferior to those of Commemoration Day at Oxford, were entirely creditable and of high promise for such a young institution." In spite of their philanthropic efforts, three hours of faultless speaking made mortal spirits tire or faint, for the record says heretically, " A more agreeable celebration of the opening was to follow. A soiree was given in the evening." The conversazione is a form of festivity peculiarly suited to the genius of Owens College, and this, the first in the College buildings, possesses an unique and historic interest, as being the forerunner of the popular series of soirees given yearly by the Owens College Union, and of the brilliant function which formed one of the main celebrations of the Jubilee. The " whole College " was thrown open, and three lectures were given in the course of the evening by Professors Roscoe, Ward, 12 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF and Stewart. Then, as ever, there was sore difficulty in obtaining refreshments, and one of the local newspapers said, with tragic emphasis, " Words cannot do justice to the well-bred agony depicted in the faces of this striving throng." Such was the first College function in the building now so familiar in its grimy and weather-beaten aspect, that it is hard to realise there ever was a time when its original brightness was not dimmed by a Manchester atmosphere. From time to time throughout that session the Professors delivered special lectures, in continuation of the celebrations of October. These lectures are now embodied in the volume known as " Essays and Addresses by Professors and Lecturers of the Owens College, Manchester," edited by Professors Balfour Stewart and A. W. Ward, and published by Macmillan and Co., 1874. The Last Twenty Years. The time that intervened between the opening of the first College building in Oxford Street and the completion last March of the whole building scheme can only be described as a season of strenuous progress and development, and in the record of its achievements is embodied the story of the evolution of the quadrangle, completed at last in the year of Jubilee. The various departments shared one and all in the benefits of the larger activity in which the College was gradually enabled to engage. New chairs were founded from time to time, while generous bequests furnished the wherewithal to carry on a wider work. Scientific Development. The year after the new buildings were opened there began important expansion on the science side of the College. Dr. Carl Schorlemmer, F.R.S., was called to a newly created Chair of Organic Chemistry, which was the very first of its kind in England. The Chair of Geology was divided from that of Natural History, and filled by Mr. W. Boyd Dawkins. The Natural History Chair was further sub-divided some six years later, when Dr. Arthur Milnes THE OWENS COLLEGE. 13 Marshall was made Professor of Zoology. This development in the department of Natural History led to still more important extensions, which culminated in the erection of the present Museum buildings, and of laboratories for Natural History, called the " Beyer Labora- tories," in honour of Mr. Charles Frederick Beyer. He, a man of stern ideals, and sprung from a strenuous Saxon stock, has sometimes been called the " second founder " of Owens College, by reason of the large gifts he made for the advance of science and engineering — his gifts, indeed, being larger than the original endowment. Another important bequest for engineering, received about 1875, was that of Mr. Charles Clifton, of Jersey City, U.S.A., who had heard of Owens College through a friend, and bequeathed to its engineering department more than £21,500. The development of this branch of the College was soon under consideration. A Chair of Applied Mathematics was founded, and a scheme for the building of engineering laboratories set on foot. Physiological laboratories and lecture rooms were needed, the Museum was in course of building, and money was very scarce, so that had not the bequests made it morally necessary that the engineering department should be enlarged, it would have been impossible to embark on any more building schemes. It was in 1887 that the Museum and Beyer Buildings were completed, and the Whitworth Engineering Laboratory, the cost of which was covered by gifts from the residuary legatees of Sir Joseph Whitworth, also came into use in that year. The Victoria University. The foundation of the Victoria University by Act of Parliament in 1880 marked a new stage in the growth of Owens College. Five years earlier a pamphlet had been written by the Principal of the College (Dr. Greenwood), Professors Roscoe, Ward and Morgan, in which they urged the transformation of the College into an independent University. Their original plan, however, was modified by a memorial sent from Yorkshire College, Leeds, petitioning that a University Charter be granted to a new corporation rather than to 14 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF the existing Owens College. The outcome of negotiations with the Leeds College was that in 1880 a charter was granted, the substance of which was as follows : " i. That the seat of the new University should be in Manchester, and that it should be named " The Victoria University," after Her Majesty. ii. That the first College of the University should be the Owens College, but that arrangement should be made for the admission of other Colleges satisfactorily equipped, and that these Colleges should have a share in the government of the University proportionate to their magnitude and efficiency. iii. That degrees should only be conferred on students prepared by an academic training in the Colleges of the University, and that the Colleges should have a legitimate share in determining the curricula of study and conducting University examinations." l The Department for Women. The charter admitted women to the degrees of the new University, and accordingly, three years later, a Department for Women was formed at Owens College. Steps towards the teaching of women had, however, already been taken. As early as 1874 Dr. Wilkins had given a course of lectures to women students, but it was not recognised officially, and the next ten years were troubled and anxious ones for the advocates of higher education for women. For the year after the pioneer course of lectures the Senate decided that it was not advisable to hold unofficial courses of lectures in the College, and after some negotiation the Court of Governors resolved in 1877 that it was " not prepared to sanction the principle of mixed education, believing that this would be at once opposed to the true educational interests of students of either sex, and out of harmony with the sentiments and usages of society." The Court was, however, ready to give assistance to any movement towards the formation of a College for Women, and this was speedily achieved. For some six years the College for Women in Brunswick Street was 1. Thompson : The Owens College. THE OWENS COLLEGE. 15 carried on with members of the staff of Owens College for its teachers, though it was not actually incorporated with the College. Women were admitted to some of the Arts and Science Classes as early as 1880, and three years later their College was taken over by Owens under certain conditions for a period of five years. This transfer was in the nature of a " cautious experiment," which, however, proved eminently successful, and the Department for Women is now a tried and well-established constituent of the College. In nearly every case women are now admitted to the same classes as those " young persons of the male sex " for whom the College was founded, though there is still a small number of special classes for women in certain subjects of the Preliminary and Intermediate Examinations. In 1899 they were admitted to the Medical School, and have their own Dissecting and Common Rooms in the Medical Buildings. Grants. In 1889 Dr. Greenwood's resignation was followed by the appointment of Dr. Ward to the Principalship of the College. In the same year the first Government grant was received, and was followed by grants from various other public bodies. The Manchester City Council, for example, founded some scholarships tenable at the Owens College, and a few years later the Lancashire County Council granted a sum of money. It was during these years, too, that the extensions of the Medical School, which have been already indicated in the extract from the words of Professor Young, took place. Day Training Department. In 1890 a Day Training Department for Men was formed, and was so successful that two years later a Department for Women Day Training Students was formed, which is now in the first rank of Training Colleges. The success of the Training Department led to the organisation of a special Department of Education and the foundation of a Chair. 16 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF Change in Principalship. In 1897 Dr. Ward resigned, to the sincere regret of every member of the College, and was succeeded by Mr. Alfred Hopkinson, Q.C., M.P., who had occupied the Chair of Law from 1875 to 1890. Library. Meanwhile Mr. Christie had offered to present the College with a new building for its Library, which had long stood in need of an adequate home. It had been begun fifty years ago by a donation of twelve hundred volumes from Mr. James Heywood, and has been increased year by year both by purchase and by the acquisition of several large private collections. Now it numbers some seventy thousand volumes, and is particularly well equipped with works relating to History and to the Physical sciences. The Library also numbers among its possessions many manuscripts and early printed books r and many sets of periodicals and series of publications. It is especially rich in periodicals and transactions illustrating the early history of the sciences, particularly of chemistry. It also includes the zoological collections of the late Professor Milnes Marshall; the legal library of the late Professor Muirhead, of Edinburgh; E. A. Freeman's large historical collection; Professor Adamson's philo- sophical and general library; the large number of books bearing on the history of religion accumulated by the late Professor Marillier of Paris; and the solid and standard collections, especially classical and archaeological, of Dr. Prince Lee, the first Bishop of Manchester. The building presented by Mr. Christie was opened in 1898 by the Duke of Devonshire, on the same day that he laid the foundation stone of the new Whitworth Hall — another of the magnificent gifts of Mr. Christie, this time as legatee of Sir Joseph Whitworth. Schorlemmer Laboratory. In 1895 the already extensive Chemical Laboratories were further enlarged by the addition of the Schorlemmer Laboratory for Organic THE OWENS COLLEGE. 17 Chemistry. It was founded in memory of Carl Schorlemmer, who held the Chair of Organic Chemistry from 1874 to 1892. Measuring 60 feet by 30 feet, it has accommodation for about 50 students in addition to the Teaching Staff. The Physical Laboratories. Meanwhile it had become necessary to have new Physical Labora- tories, and in 1897 two anonymous donations amounting to £15,000 were given towards their expense. Dr. Schuster, accompanied by the architect, Mr. J. W. Beaumont, travelled in England and on the Continent with the aim of securing the utmost that knowledge and experience could produce. The result was the Physical Labora- tories, opened in 1900, which are unique in the United Kingdom. They are situated on the north side of Coupland Street and connected with the College by a sub-way. The research rooms are placed in the basement and are furnished with floors of concrete, that instru- ments may stand as firm as possible. On the ground floor is the entrance hall, opening into the workshop, switch-board room, and the alternating current laboratories. All elementary practical work is done on the first floor, the rooms of which are equipped with water, gas, steam, compressed air, and electricity. Some of them are most conveniently devoted to special purposes, as, for instance, the galvanometer room, with galvanometers permanently set up away from the apparatus, and having electric lamps by which to read deflectors ; the spectroscope room, and the room for sound alone. On the top floor are the lecture rooms, the apparatus room, the museum (possessing some rare physical instruments — the thermometers used by Joule among them), the Rowland grating room, the transit room, and a research laboratory. Built out on the roof is the observatory, with its fine lOin. refracting telescope. The John Hopkinson memorial wing, founded in 1899, contains the electro-chemical laboratory and the dynamo house. 18 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF Halls of Residence. The conditions of academic life in Manchester have been vastly improved by the institution of Halls of Residence in connection with the College. Rather more than five-and-twenty years ago the Society of Friends opened what is now known as Dalton Hall — then called the " Friends' Hall." Ten years later Hulme Hall, in Plymouth Grove, was opened, and three years ago a Hall of Residence for women students was founded at Ashburne House, Victoria Park. These hostels supply for the students who live in them what is a real deficiency in the life of non-residential colleges, and their advantages are easy to see. All three are successful and deservedly so; the women's hostel, though only three years old, has already been obliged to enlarge its borders, and Dalton Hall has made provision for those it cannot itself accommodate in a neigh- bouring house known as the " Annexe." Though the Halls have their own clubs and societies of various kinds, they all place College interests foremost, and have rendered invaluable service to the social life of the College. Unions. The social side of College activities is expressed by means of students' unions, of which there are two, one for the men students and one for the women. " The Owens College Union " was estab- lished in the year 1861, with the object of " stimulating social inter- course amongst Past and Present Students of the College, and increasing their interest in and fostering the spirit of goodwill and loyalty towards their Alma Mater." The Union (Dover House, Oxford Street), is now a comfortable and convenient Club for past and present Owens Students, containing Reading, Billiard, Chess, "Writing and Smoke rooms, and affords a suitable place for the meetings of the six Societies which combine to form the Union, viz. : — The Debating, Medical Debating, Literary, Chemical, Biological and Engineering. The organ of the Union is The Owens College Union Magazine, a monthly journal, which began in manuscript form in 1867, though THE OWENS COLLEGE. 19 not then officially connected with the Union. It is now published by Messrs. Sherratt and Hughes, Manchester. The older Union being limited to men students, the " Owens College Women's Union " was founded in 1899, having substantially the same objects as the earlier institution. Its house is 248, Oxford Street, and it embraces as constituents all the Women's Societies and Clubs. The athletic side of College life has always been vigorous, and a fresh impetus to its development was given a few years ago, when the devisees of Sir Joseph and Lady Whitworth presented about ten acres of land on the Firs estate at Fallowfield as an Athletic ground. The Owens College Athletic Union and the Women's Athletic Union have there adequate provision for football, cricket, lacrosse, tennis and hockey, and a large pavilion was erected by Mr. E. Tootal Broadhurst as one of Lady Whitworth's legatees. The ground was opened at the beginning of the season 1901 — 2, and has already been of invaluable service to the physical and social life of the members of the College. The Celebrations of 1901. THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS TO THE STUDENTS THE SMOKING CONCERT THE GARDEN PARTY JUBILEE PUBLICATIONS The Principal's Address to Students, March 12th, 1901. The actual date of the College Jubilee was, of course, March 12th ; 1901, but it was determined by common consent to defer the main celebrations until the completion of the Whitworth Hall, which, alone of all the College buildings, could form an adequate basis of operations. The real Jubilee day could not, however, be passed over without observance of any kind, and accordingly the Principal gave an address to the students on the afternoon of March 12th. He began by explaining the postponement of the celebrations, and anticipating some of the forms they would take. He spoke of the Founder, remarking how little is really known of him. The best picture we have is that given in " The Owens College : Its Foundation and Growth," by Mr. Alderman Thompson, and even from that we can gather but an outline of his character. " He lived in Nelson Street," said the Principal ; " was a merchant, and had a warehouse near Shudehill. He was a good man of business; he paid his debts punctually, and he used to ride on his cob from his house in Nelson Street to his place of business in Shudehill. This is substantially all that we know of him, except that he maintained a close friendship with George Faulkner, and that his views were very different from those of his friend. It is to him that we owe the foundation of this College, of which we are so proud ; the College which has formed the model of many colleges that have since been founded in various parts of the country, and the founding of which marked a most important event in the history of higher education in England. And the founding of this College was due to the fact that this plain Manchester merchant formed an ideal of what he would like a college in a great town to be, and that, so far as in him lay, he did what was possible to realise that ideal. He formed his ideal, and I believe from the beginning to the end of the history of the College you will 24 JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS AT never find that a mistake has been made through those who have had the direction of its destinies aiming at a high ideal. THE PURPOSE OF THE FOUNDER. " If there has been any sort of failure whatever it has been due to some cause quite other than that ; to a want of foresight, it may be, in not seeing the full scope of the work which the College might undertake to accomplish. Owens said in effect, ' The institution I found shall be for higher education;' not for anything of a mere technical character, not merely for something that will bear on what is called practical life. In the beginning he said that the College should be for the promotion of learning and science in those branches which are taught in the English Universities. There was no idea of narrowing the scope or bounds of education. I have given you his positive idea, and it was carried out — that the money should not be spent in buildings but rather in the foundation of professorships; in bringing to Manchester men who would be teachers and who would inspire their students with high ideals and sound knowledge on the subjects they taught; men like the first Principal (Mr. Scott), to whose inspiring teaching his old pupils look back with gratitude. The names of those who carried on their work in that old house in Quay Street in the early sixties— Greenwood, Roscoe, Ward, Theodores, Christie, Williamson, Barker, Jevons, Jack, Clifton, Schorlemmer, and others — show what the character of the teaching was. But then there is a negative ideal, a negative proviso or condition in his will, and it is one that is well worth our while to keep always in memory. The fundamental condition of his will was that no tests of a religious character should ever be required from any professor, student, or member of the College. It was a condition that was necessary enough in those days, but probably is hardly necessary now, because the lines which were laid down at Owens on that point have been the lines that have since been adopted almost throughout the country in other institutions. It is a principle from which, I believe and trust, we shall never in any degree swerve. Again, he provided in his will a clause which is often misquoted, and which it would be well now to have accurately stated, that ' nothing shall be introduced THE OWENS COLLEGE. 2b in the matter or mode of education or instruction, in reference to any religious or theological subject, which shall be reasonably offensive to the conscience of any student, or of his relations, guardians, or friends.' That has been read sometimes as meaning that this institution must be one in which there was to be no religious tone of any kind, and in which even there was to be a distinctly anti- religious tone. That has been suggested, I believe, again and again in outside quarters during the history of the College. But it is not warranted by the history of the College at any stage since its first foundation. At the earliest period, so far back as 1852, George Faulkner founded the "Wellington scholarship for the study of the Greek Testament, and that study has been regularly carried on within the walls of this College ever since. The statement that the College had an anti-religious tendency is simply due to the notion that any religious tendency must necessarily be ' reasonably offensive' to somebody. That is not the way in which those who take broader and more liberal views read the proviso on the subject. THE FUTURE. " And now I will only say, in conclusion, let us remember two things. One is that as we are moving forward in our own lives and in the life of the College, we should, whilst forming an ideal, devote ourselves to our immediate practical work, and leave talk about our ideal for such occasions as one that occurs once in fifty years or so. The men who have in the past done good work for the College were not great talkers. Charles Beyer, Thomas Ashton, Richard Copley Christie were not men who talked much, but they guided as practical men each step forward, and they could not have guided with such force and prudence unless they had had before them a high ideal both in regard to their own duties and in regard to the work of the institution with which they were connected. What you want, then, if you are to have great achievement, is to form this ideal at the same time that you take your steps forward gradually. I may use the quaint words of Robert Browning — quaint, but singularly apposite to the work we are carrying on. He says : — 2d JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS AT ' Image the whole, then execute the parts — Fancy the fabric Quite, ere you build, ere steel strike fire from quartz, Ere mortar dab brick!' Let us all remember that. Before we touch the building let us have some idea of what the whole is to be. And finally do not let us, when we think we are going to follow the intellectual life, imagine that that means cutting ourselves off from the practical life of the city and county in which we live. Let it rather be our object, — and I hope we shall be judged by this,— that those who have been trained in the College shall do their best to infuse a real love for science and learning into the community in which they are placed; that they shall do something for the practical side of the life of that community; and above all that they shall never forget that, as they have been free from all fetters and have been aided in the pursuit of it, their aim must be to attain, so far as in them lies, to uphold and to disseminate Truth." The Principal and Mrs. Hopkinson were " At Home " to the students in the Christie Library after the address, and received them in the Reading Room. It was not often that all sections of the College had met together at a social function, and the opportunity so kindly given of doing so on the birthday of their Alma Mater, was warmly appreciated by one and all. The Smoking Concert on May 18th, 1901. On May 18th, a Smoking Concert was held in the St. James' Hall. It had been organised with a view to forming a re-union of Past and Present Students, as well as of celebrating the Jubilee year, and it certainly fulfilled its two-fold aim with extraordinary success. Between two and three thousand members of the College assembled round the pillars of the large hall, on which were posted date-limits, that contemporary students might be able to find each other easily THE OWENS COLLEGE. 21 amid the many sorts and conditions of men and the clouds of smoke. The hall was arranged in the following way : — Platform. 1851-60 1861-70 o o 1876-80 1871-75 o o 1881-85 1886-90 o o 1896-00 1891-95 o o Entrance. Gallery. The chair was taken by Mr. Henry Brierley, who opened the concert with a short speech. He spoke first of the recent loss of Mr. J. H. Nicholson, one who had been the personal friend of many present, who was for thirty years the Registrar of the Owens College, and who had always taken the closest interest in its progress and welfare. Then " Auld Lang Syne " was sung by the whole company, each group of fellow-students standing round its own table and crossing hands of friendship in the traditional way. This was followed by resounding cheers, which alone can express adequately and unani- mously the innumerable emotions of a multitude. The Chairman then resumed his speech. He named the four Principals of the College, and each name was greeted with a shout of enthusiasm. He mentioned some of its distinguished alumni — Sir William Broadbent and Sir Thomas Barlow amongst others — and shortly indicated how in recent years the cares and responsibilities of the College had grown, and how necessary it was that all who had 28 JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS AT been associated with it in the past should now rally to its support, and give it such help that its usefulness and influence would continue to increase. An excellent programme of music was given during the intervals of the speech making. The only feeling that marred one's enjoyment was that of compassion for the artists, who had necessarily in some ways to subordinate their art to the social purpose of the gathering. But the vast audience showed no lack of appreciation of their efforts, and the veteran Mr. Santley was greeted with special enthusiasm, the whole audience standing to cheer and sing " For he's a jolly good fellow." Interesting as the musical programme was, the concert will be remembered primarily as an unique social occurrence in the life of the College, for never had there been such a great re-union of Owensians as on that day. The Garden Party of June 29th, 1901. The Garden Party was held on the afternoon of Degree Day, June 29th, 1901. Although the degree ceremony of the morning did not form an actual part of the Jubilee celebrations as such, it was witnessed by an unusually large assembly, and Earl Spencer con- ferred the degrees in an atmosphere of even greater excitement than " Degree Day " always arouses. Everyone seemed to realise that it was the year of Jubilee, and the day of the College Garden Party. This, the third of the Jubilee celebrations of 1901, was held on the Athletic Ground, Fallowfield, and the guests were received by Mr. Alderman Thompson (Chairman of the Council), the Principal, and the Presidents and Chairmen of the Students' Unions. Cricket and tennis matches, a bicycle gymkhana, and a band, were the varied sources of entertainment provided on the Athletic Ground itself, while Mr. C. P. Scott, M.P., kindly lent the adjoining garden of the Firs as a pastoral theatre, in which scenes from " Twelfth Night " were given. The afternoon was an unqualified success, for the sun shone, and bright weather always raises the spirits of those who dwell in Manchester to a point unknown to those to whom the sunshine is no rare treat. The cricket match was played between the College THE OWENS COLLEGE. 29 and Leigh, and resulted in a draw, Owens being 36 runs behind with three wickets to fall. The final tie of the Women's Lawn Tennis Tournament was played off between Miss M. Wadsworth and Miss R. Jordan. It resulted in a victory for Miss Jordan by three sets to one. The bicycle gymkhana was held on the Association football ground, and was open for the competition of guests as well as students. Among the events were tortoise, egg-and-spoon, and obstacle races, tilting at the ring, needle threading, tent pegging, and the like. The band of the 2nd Volunteer Battalion Manchester Regiment accom- panied the novel feats of the cyclists with festive strains. The other novelty of the afternoon was the performance of scenes from " Twelfth Night." The caste was made up as follows : — Orsino (Duke of Illyria) Prof. F. E. Weiss. Sir Toby Belch (Uncle to Olivia) Mr. L. Savatard. Sir Andrew Aguecheek (A foolish Knight) ... Dr. F. J. H. Coutts. Malvolio (Steward to Olivia) ... ... Mr. Thomas Seccombe. Fabian \ , c Mr. P. J. Hartog. Clown j (Servants to Olivia) | Mr. William Lawrence. Olivia (A rich Countess) Miss F. M. Kirk. Viola ... ... ... ... ... Miss Josephine Laidler. Maria (Olivia's Woman) Miss Catherine I. Dodd. c Miss A. T. Chisholm. Attendants on Olivia | Miss K M . Phillips. Curio (Attendant on the Duke) Miss A. W. Woodcock. Musician (Attendant on the Duke, with Harp Solos) Miss Faith Nunn. The scenes were divided by means of appropriate songs given by Dr. Carroll's Glee Club, and the performance itself was introduced by a prologue, written by Mr. Hartog, and gracefully spoken by Mrs. Tout, from which the following extract may be quoted as a fitting con- clusion to the record of the preliminary Jubilee celebrations of the session 1900—1901. It is our Jubilee ; our Founder's name Then first from our obedient lips doth claim Just homage. Could thy grave spirit, Owens, see The monument to thought and liberty 30 JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS AT That thou didst dream, and thy great-hearted friend More clear conceived, and fashioned to its end, Thou might'st indeed rejoice. Not stone but fire, The beacon-flame of truth that doth aspire, This was the monument of thy desire. Proud Manchester, great thoughts upon thy soil, Amid the myriads that spin and toil Grow fruitful. Here chemistry was born anew, And Physics' widest law came first to view. Thou taught'st the world in Commerce to be free, Thou stand'st for leading, light, and liberty. And in thy heart of hearts there lie enshrined The names of Owens, Faulkner, close entwined. And Ashton, Whitworth, Beyer, Rylands, these, The captains of our giant industries, The strenuous helpers of a strenuous town, Have they not earned, unsought, a like renown 1 I speak but of the dead ; and now of him For whom sad eyes with recent tears are dim. Christie, thou loved'st with such tenderness, Thy princely gifts must still appear as less Than thy affection in our memory ; And dying, thou hast left what shall not die. Our alma mater, at thy unspoke hest Each one that serves thee gives thee of his best. The joys of Learning, Duty's solemn care, Our chiefs first taught, by high example fair. And then he came, the scholar and the man, Whose guidance lasted all too brief a span. Now Themis rules the fortunes of our College, Law lights the thorny path that leads to knowledge ; We welcome her no less in play than work, She here forbids but one thing — 'tis to shirk ! Jubilee Publications. The Jubilee has also been marked by three printed publications, widely differing in scope and subject, but one in their ultimate aim of contributing to the interest and value of the jubilee celebrations. THE OWENS COLLEGE. 31 Iu the first place, there appeared, in 1899, " The Owens College, Manchester : A Brief History of the College and Description of its Various Departments," edited by P. J. Hartog, B.Sc. (Lond. and Vict.), etc. It owed its origin, in part, as the preface states, " to a request from the Committee of the Education Exhibition, held in London in January, 1899, that the authorities of the Owens College should furnish an account of the institution for that Exhibition and for the Paris Exhibition, to which it was preliminary ; in part, to the desire of the authorities of the College for a record of its development and present condition in celebration of its Jubilee." Early in the session 1901—2 a special issue of the Oivens College Union Magazine was published, under the title of the " Owens College Jubilee." It contained articles by the Principal of the College, Dr. Wilkin s, Dr. Ward, Sir Henry Roscoe, Professor Boyd Dawkins, the Dean of the Medical Faculty, Mr. Alderman Thompson, and Mr. George Harwood, among many others of the highest interest. It also embodied a full record of the celebrations already accom- plished, and was adorned with numerous pictures of the College buildings, and with portraits of some of its most distinguished members, past and present. Lastly, there appeared shortly before the actual date of the Jubilee a volume of essays emanating from members of the History School, and edited by Professors T. F. Tout, M.A., and James Tait, M.A. It was styled Historical Essays by members of the Oivens College, Manchester, published in commemoration of its Jubilee, and was published by Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. The Owens College Jubilee. THE BISHOPS SERMON THE OPENING OF THE WHITWORTH HALL THE CONVERSAZIONE THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES AND DEGREE CEREMONY THE STAFF DINNER THE TORCHLIGHT PROCESSION AND SMOKING CONCERT The Bishop's Sermon. The celebrations of the Jubilee were fittingly prefaced by a commemoration service held in the Cathedral on Sunday, March 9th. Nearly all the members of the College were present, as well as a large number of old students, and academic dress was worn. The Bishop of Manchester, who preached the sermon, was accompanied by his domestic chaplain (Rev. A. J. Woodhouse), and the other clergy present were the Dean, Canon Kelly, Canon Hicks, Rev. J. A. Winstanley (Precentor), and Rev. C. W. Parnell (Clerk in Orders). Dr. Kendrick Pyne officiated at the organ, the service being Garrett in D, and the anthem Goss's " Praise the Lord, my soul." The first lesson was read by Principal Hopkinson, and the second by the Dean. The Bishop preached from St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans i. 20 — " For the invisible things of Him since the creation of the world are clearly seen, being perceived through the things that are made." He said : " It has sometimes been said, and I suspect more frequently felt, that the extension of knowledge is unfriendly to religious faith. An eminent American has, we know, written a book on ' The Conflict between Science and Religion.' I venture, however, to think that the real conflict has not been between science and religion, but rather between scientific men and religious men. Conflict has arisen when, on the one side, there has been a lack of breadth and humility, or, on the other, of thoughtfulness and charity. Historically speaking, religious men were, no doubt, the first offenders; but in later times scientific men have sometimes rushed into attack and protest because they have failed to realise the limitation of their knowledge. " Speaking broadly, conflicts of this kind should be impossible, if for no other reason, for this— that science knows nothing but phenomena, while the proper objects of religious faith are those eternal realities which underlie phenomena. This, however, like many other general statements, is one which cannot be accepted without limitations. For, undoubtedly, the forms under which the 36 THE BISHOP'S historical religions are expressed are themselves phenomenal, and so subject faith to scientific criticism. We cannot, therefore, hope that all conflict between religious and scientific men will cease until the true scope of religious truth be more clearly and generally recognised. But while not venturing to hope that all antagonism between the men of knowledge and the men of faith will be brought to an end at once, I do believe that as the years go by religious men will perceive that all real advances in scientific knowledge are friendly and not hostile to religion. For scientific knowledge, when it is thorough — when it is pushed to the furthest attainable limit, — produces two results. First, it reveals to a man the limitations of the human mind — the fixed boundaries beyond which it is hopeless for us to try to pass. And, secondly, it brings a scientific man so close to the august realities of being that he can almost discern their majestic presence and feel the mighty touch of their influence. Long before the heavens were so open a script of the Divine wisdom as they are to us a Psalmist had affirmed — ' The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament sheweth His handiwork. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge.' We cannot add a grace to the beauty of these words; but, ah! how much more profoundly can we realise their truth. When we think of the mighty force which reaches into the depths of infinity, of the close and orderly relations which bind sun to satellite and planet to planet, that wherever we have plumbed the depths of space we find worlds, and wherever worlds law — a rule and order which none may break or transgress, — we feel impelled to cry, with Kepler, ' I have seen the hand of God in the heavens,' and to say with a new emphasis, ' The undevout astronomer is mad.' " Nor is it only in the heavens that we feel ourselves forced, as it were, into the presence of what is greater than we can know. Following humbly in the footsteps of the physicist and chemist, as they plunge further and further into the arcana of inorganic existence, we find ourselves brought at last into the presence of mysteries so awful that instinctively we bow the head and uncover COMMEMORATION SERMON. 37 the feet. Everywhere, as before, there is law, but everywhere also there is mystery. If we are to think of the very atoms of matter that they are only vortex rings of ether, and of the forces of light and heat and electricity that they are only the effects of the vibration of ether, we find ourselves in a simply etherial world, throbbing with orderly forces ; and we are impelled to ask, What is ether ? What is the force which twisted it into vortex rings, and what are the impulses which throb along its infinite fields and fill our ears with the thunder of their march? A cause of these things somewhere there must be, and a cause adequate to the production of these tremendous effects. It is the same when we take the biologist for our leader. For what are all his cells but arrangements of organised ether, and what are all his electrical potencies but vibrations of unorganised ether? Again, when we come into the higher reaches of life and are confronted by the new phenomena of instinct and intelligence, the question inevitably arises, How did these originate, and by what power are they continued ? The problem of instinct is specially interesting and instructive. How, for instance, is it that the little arcella acts as if it understood the hydrostatic law that the sustaining power of water is exactly equal to the weight of the water displaced by a body immersed in it? The arcella is a tiny bit of protoplasm without a trace of brain or nervous system. Can the arcella think? And if not, where are resident the knowledge and purpose implied in its action ? Can we come to any other conclusion than that of a great naturalist, that the mind of instinct is God ? " Perhaps, however, the most startling revelation with which science surprises us is that made by the science of psychology. Here we are at once startled by the declaration that we know nothing as it is, but only as it has been modified by passing through our con- sciousness. Directly, indeed, our states of consciousness are all which we know. Before, for instance, we can know anything of the outside world, that world must have influenced us through the avenue of sensation. By thought and experience we arrive at the conclusion that all the impressions of the outside world end in the vibration of the nervous molecules of our brain, but of these we know nothing directly. We only know directly the sensations of light, heat, and 38 THE BISHOP'S sound into which by some inward powers they are transformed. How, by what power, and in what manner they suffer this trans- formation we cannot tell. All we can say is that when certain cerebral vibrations are excited from without we are so constituted that we can and we must so transform them. But who or what gave us such a constitution? Who or what so fashioned us that we must place all the objects of our knowledge in a setting of time and space? "Who or what gave us those powers of ratiocination in virtue of which we can observe the relations and successions of our states of consciousness and thence deduce those rules of their succession which we call laws of nature ? We know nothing as it is ; we only know the whole vast round of cosmical changes as they have been modified by the con- ditions of our consciousness. All truth, all beauty, all righteousness is partly the product of our own inherent powers. Whence, then, did these come, how are they sustained, what is the secret of their continuity, their growth, their failure? We not only come in mystery and depart in mystery, but we live in mystery and are our- selves the greatest mystery of all. Watching thus the march of sensations, thoughts, and determinations across the stage of con- sciousness, a thoughtful man is well-nigh driven to the conclusion that he came from God, that he lives in God, and will go to God. For what power less than divine could fashion this human soul, this mirror of the world, this source and arbiter of the true, the beautiful, and the good ? . " These are only some of the reasons why I think that growth in knowledge is growth in reverence, that enlargement of the mental outlook and inlook will naturally bring a man to the feet of God. I have said nothing of the study of history, of that ebbing and flowing of empire in sensitive response to moral changes, which produces the inevitable conviction that in this human world of ours there is a power not ourselves which makes for righteousness. But such a study of the history of man will produce, I am sure, two convictions — that there is in the hearts of men, of all men, of the men of all races and times, first, a sense of dependence; and, secondly, an in- tuition of hope. I call these instincts — religious instincts if you will — for they show themselves everywhere and under all circum- COMMEMORATION SERMON. 39 stances. They do not depend on knowledge — however an enlarged knowledge may deepen and refine them — but show themselves equally in the ignorant and the wise, in the savage and the civilised. The instinct of dependence on some One higher and greater is the source of all religions and of all worships, the spring of all rituals, the foundation of all temples, the impulse of all prophets and seers. It is the voice of God in the heart of man. It is the still small voice which whispers of the nearness of the Divine — of a stay, of a comfort, and of a love for weary and terror-stricken men. And so the instinc- tive hope of something better to come — if not here, then elsewhere — is the spring of that expectation of immortality which has left its mark and its utterance equally in the barrow of the savage and on the tombstone of the Christian. Are these religious instincts weakened by the growth of knowledge ? Nay, rather are they strengthened in a thousand ways. By revealing the wondrous worth and dignity of the human soul science increases indefinitely the probability of its continuance and of its independence of the mere accident of bodily death. And not less by leading the mind nearer to the heart of things — by attenuating, so to speak, that veil of appearance which shrouds the Divine Infinite Reality— it enables men to lay hold of the cable of that anchor of the soul which lies within the veil — it verifies the feeling of a bond between man and God — it gives voice to prayer and strength to faith, and that uplifting of the heart which responds to the thought of love. " I do not say that any growth of knowledge, however great, would give us the full-orbed revelation of the Father which was furnished by the Incarnation of His Son. But already by suggesting that God is immanent in His creation as well as transcendent, that by successive acts of self-limitation He expressed Himself more and more fully in physical, chemical, vital, and psychical phenomena, it has prepared us to conceive at least that last and greatest act of self- limitation by which the Divine Son concealed His Deity, thus leaving full play for the forces of the human life which is our fullest revela- tion of the divine. Enlarged knowledge will not, it is true, make a man a Christian. Only faith in the Lord Jesus Christ can do that. But at least it can make the most tremendous truth of our holy faith 40 THE OPENING OF conceivable, and show it in full harmony with the great order of the worlds and the greater wonder of human life. The possession of larger knowledge makes it easier at least for a thoughtful man to be a Christian, and it adds an ever-deepening meaning to those wonder- ful words of St. John, ' There was the true light, which lighteth every man coming into the world. . . . And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace, and truth.' To you, then, who are teachers in Owens College I would say, set yourselves to teach the truth in every department of human thought. Teach it clearly, fully, fearlessly, knowing that there is no enemy of truth but darkness, and that you are then most surely doing His will, who is * the light of the world,' when you are seeking to dispel that darkness." The hymns sung before and after the sermon were " C) God, our help in ages past," and " Let saints oh earth in concert sing." The Opening of the Whitworth Hall. The doors of the Hall were opened at ten o'clock on Wednesday morning, and those who had been invited to witness the opening ceremony were requested to be in their seats by a quarter to eleven. A company of robed stewards, holding their white wands of office, did good service in showing visitors to their appointed seats, and by eleven o'clock the Hall was filled save for the space reserved for the members of the procession. The body of the Hall was occupied mainly by visitors of distinction, whose academic and official dress lent the scene brilliance and variety. The galleries at the back of the Hall were occupied by women students, and those near the organ by a choir of thirty students under the direction of Dr. Carroll. Dr. Kendrick Pyne presided at the organ. Meanwhile the undergraduate element, conspicuous by its absence in the Hall, was making its presence largely evident in the quadrangle, which was entirely given up to the students except for THE WHITWORTH HALL. 41 the three grand stands occupied by visitors. The College Volunteer Company, under the command of Captain Thorburn, was drawn up in the quadrangle, ready to form a guard of honour when the royal persons should appear. The morning was somewhat damp and gloomy as regards weather, but it was enlivened by the witticisms of undergraduates, hurled untiringly and unblushingly at high and low alike, by the laughter of appreciative spectators, and by the spirited selections played by the 2nd V.B.M.R. Band, under the leadership of Mr. Bampton. Many were the jokes perpetrated by the students in gowns on their fellows in uniform, who most admirably preserved a military stolidity of countenance, and unceasing was the banter that all who came within undergraduate ken had to undergo. The Prince and Princess of Wales, who were accepting the hospitality of Lord Derby at Knowsley, reached Manchester at half- past ten, and drove to the College by way of London Road, Brunswick Street, Upper Brook Street, and Dover Street. On entering the quadrangle, the Prince and Princess were greeted with a loud and loyal welcome on the part of the students. They were officially received by the Governors, the Senate, and the Principal of the College. Mr. J. C. Smyth, senior secretary of the Owens College Union, presented the Princess with a beautiful bouquet of red and white roses, which, with their green leaves, formed a fragrant display of the new College colours. The Principal, with the Princess, led the way to the Christie Library, where Mr. E. J. Broadfield, Sir Frank Forbes Adam, Mr. E. Donner, Prof. Wilkins, Prof. Reynolds, and Prof. Young were pre- sented to their Royal Highnesses. A short time was spent in inspect- ing some of the most interesting features of the Library, and at a quarter to twelve the Prince and Princess were ready to adjourn to the Whitworth Hall. A procession was formed, which walked to the Hall by way of the quadrangle — where another hearty greeting was accorded — in the following order : — THE TEACHING STAFF OF THE COLLEGE : Dr. C. H. Lees, Mr. A. D. Cotton, Dr. C. W. Saberton, Mr. W. T. Maccall, Mr. J. E. Piatt, Mr. R. C. Wale, Dr. W. E. Fothergill, Mr. F. 42 THE OPENING OF Howson, Dr. H. H. Broome, Dr. J. Scott, Dr. J. F. Corson, Mr. T. M. Jones, Mr. J. Lord, Dr. A. E. Finney, Dr. It. A. Needham, Dr. E. J. Sidebotham, Dr. Lasker, Dr. G. "Wilson, Mr. N. Smith, Mr. F. F. Laidlaw, Mr. It. S. Hutton, Dr. L. Bottomley, Mr. D. L. Chapman, Dr. J. F. Thorpe, Mr. A. E. Taylor, Dr. F. C. Moore, Dr. F. W. Gamble, Dr. It. T. Williamson, Dr. G. H. Bailey, Mr. L. E. Kastner, Dr. F. V. Darbishire, Dr. O. V. Darbishire, Dr. W. T. Lawrence, Dr. W. A. Bone, Mr. It. Beattie, Mr. W. C. Summers, Dr. A. W. W. Lea, Mr. C. B. Dewhurst, Mr. P. J. Hartog, Mr. F. T. Swanwick, Mr. It. F. Gwyther, Mr. J. B. Millar, Mr. A. Valghnigli, Dr. C. Atkinson, Mr. A. Brodsky, Dr. C. H. Preston, Mr. J. P. Headridge, Dr. J. Niven, Mr. D. Headridge, Mr. A. Grant, Mr. G. G. Campion, Mr. T. F. Byrne, Mr. T. Tanner, Dr. Lloyd lloberts, Dr. H. Hiles, Dr. H. Watson, Dr. E. S. Iteynolds, Mr. H. W. Hogg, Mr. A. J. Sargent, Dr. J. Collier, Dr. Milligan, Dr. Harris, Mr. G. 0. Whittaker, Dr. H. A. G. Brooke, Mr. J. Tait, Dr. C. E. Glascott, Dr. Graham Steell, Dr. G. W. Mould, Dr. H. Ashby, the Librarian, the Principal of Daltou Hall, the Director of the Museum, the Warden of Hulme Hall, the Tutor of the Women's Department, and the Mistress of Method. THE SENATE : Professors Chapman, Wild, Southam, Kastner, Perkin, Dixon Mann, Weiss, Delepine, Lamb, Young, Dreschfeld, Toller, Boyd Dawkins, Herford, Wright, Johannson, Alexander, Seaton, Copinger, Tout, Sinclair, Stirling, Strachan, Schuster, Core, Wilkins, and Reynolds. THE COURT OF GOVERNORS : Dr. E. Hopkinson, Mr. Councillor Hesketh, Mr. E. Partington, Mr. W. J. Crossley, Mr. J. E. King, Mr. Alderman King, Mr. T. Gair Ashton, M.P., Mr. J. F. Cheetham, Mr. E. J. Broadfield, Sir J. T. Hibbert (Chairman of the Lancashire County Council), Mr. A. H. Worthington (Chairman of Convocation), Mr. Councillor Hibbert, Mr. A. Emmott, M.P., Eev. A. McLaren, Sir F. Forbes Adam, Dr. J. J. Thomson, Mr. E. T. Broadhurst, Mr. I. Levinstein, the Dean of Manchester, Mr. N. Clegg, Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, Dr. H. Wilde, Mr. G. W. Agnew, Mr. C. P. Scott, M.P., Mr. E. Donner, Sir W. H. THE WHITWORTH HALL. 43 Houldsworth, M.P., Rev. C. Scott, Mr. Alderman Walnisley, Mr. J. P. Thomasson, Mr. A. Neild, the Secretary to the Council, the Registrar of Victoria University, Prof. Hickson. With the Governors were also Sir R. C. Jebb, M.P., of Cambridge University, who was to address the gathering as the representative of Literature ; Principal Rticker, of London University, the President of the British Association and the special representative of Science; Sir G. G. Stokes, of the Royal Society ; and Lord Strathcona. The Principal of Owens College, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (Lord James of Hereford), the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Manchester, the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor of Manchester, the Chancellor of the University (Earl Spencer), the Treasurer of Owens College (Mr. Alderman Thompson), the High Sheriff of Lancashire (Mr. Bibby Hesketh), the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Lan- caster (Earl of Derby), and the President of Owens College (the Duke of Devonshire). The Suite of their Royal Highnesses. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales. Immediately behind the Prince and Princess were General Swaine, the Countess of Airlie, and Sir Arthur Bigge. As the procession made its way up the central aisle of the hall, between lines of stewards, the audience remained seated until the appearance of their Royal Highnesses, when all rose, and led by the strains of the fine organ and the voices of the student choir, joined in singing the National Anthem. The seats of the Prince and Princess upon the platform were placed immediately to the right of that of the Duke of Devonshire, who acted as chairman. Beyond the Prince and Princess was the Lord Mayor, while Lord Spencer, Mr. Alfred Hopkinson, and Mr. Alderman Thompson were on the chairman's left. Cheer upon cheer of welcome rang out after the singing of the National Anthem, and when these had ceased the President rose to deliver the inaugural address. 44 THE OPENING OF The President's Speech. " Your Royal Highness, my lords, ladies, and gentlemen, — For reasons which are not very obvious, but which it would be waste of time for me to attempt to explain, I have the honour of holding the office of President of this College, the jubilee anniversary of which we are about to celebrate by the opening of this great hall, which has lately been added to this building. And in this capacity it is my first duty to express, as I am sure I am warranted in doing, in the names of the Governors, the Council, the teaching staff, and the students of this College, their most respectful thanks to His lloyal Highness the Prince of Wales for having done the College the honour of paying this visit to-day on an occasion so interesting in its annals. In performing this gracious act His lloyal Highness is following the example of many members of his illustrious family. His Majesty the King has always taken a deep interest in university education, and it is only, I think, since his accession that he has resigned the office of Chancellor of the University of Wales in favour of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. And, although I do not think that the name of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort was ever directly associated with Owens College, yet I feel sure that its work, resembling in so many respects that of the great German Universities with which he was so well acquainted, would have commanded his highest and deepest interest. " Others better qualified to speak upon this subject will tell your Royal Highnesses something of the history, the early difficulties, the present work, and the assured success of this College. It is not necessary for me to say more than that it has been by a singularly fortunate combination of circumstances that that success, that now assured success, has been achieved. The idea of its founder was to provide in this great centre of industry (to use his own words) higher education in such branches of learning and science as are usually taught in the English universities. That was the original idea of the founder of this College — education of the university type, such as that which had prevailed at the old Universities of Cambridge and THE WH1TW0RTH HALL. 45 Oxford. But that was at a time when the character of that education was rather of a classical, literary, and philosophical than scientific type, and it is open to doubt whether if the directions of the founder had been literally followed Owens College could within this half- century have attained the success which it has done. There was one distinction from the outset between this College and its predecessors. It was, again to use the terms of the bequest of the founder, to be a fundamental and immutable rule that the Governors, teachers, and students of this College were to be subject to no religious test. But for the exclusive policy which fifty years ago still prevailed at the older universities, and excluded from the benefits of their teaching almost all except the members of one religious denomination, and but for the high cost of that education, which made it accessible to few outside the wealthier classes, this idea might never have occurred to the mind of Owens and his associates. It was, I think, a bold idea, not to say an audacious idea, which prompted a man occupying no high social station, possessed of no great fortune, a man who could lay no claim to be numbered among the merchant or manufacturing princes of Lancashire, a man whose fortune bore no comparison to many of those which even at that period existed in this district — I say it was a bold idea, as well as a generous idea, for the founder of this College to conceive that by the appropriation of that moderate fortune to an educational endowment he would lay the foundation of an institution which in its intellectual results might rival those which had been accomplished by the older and richer colleges of our universities. " Your Royal Highnesses will hear that this College could not have been with advantage founded at an earlier period. For in its first days it had a struggle for existence, and but for the energy and per- severance of its first Governors and Council it might have succumbed in its infancy. But the foundation of this College coincided nearly in time with great discoveries in science, and at the same time with inventions which provided the means of using those discoveries for the purpose of industry, and it is these discoveries which have stimulated the interest of this busy and active community in those studies of natural science in which Owens College has been pre- 46 THE OPENING OF eminently distinguished. This is the interest to which, in the main, Owens College has been indebted for its success. Students have no doubt been attracted by the eminence of some of its teachers from all parts of the country, but, in the main, students have been drawn from Manchester and its immediate neighbourhood. They have come here doubtless with the desire, with the hope, of acquiring knowledge, that knowledge and training which would be of practical use to them in the future occupations of life. But, at the same time, Owens College has never been content to limit the range of its teaching to one or two subjects or one set of subjects. It has never been content to be merely a medical or a legal or a technical college, but it has set before itself the aim of teaching — of a true university type of teaching — which shall embrace all branches of knowledge. And no doubt the existence of this centre of learning in the midst of this busy and active community has created a demand for the teaching of subjects which may contribute nothing to the creation or the accumulation of wealth, but which do contribute immensely to the rational enjoyment and employment of wealth, and thus, by a process which could hardly have been foreseen by the founder of this College, the aims of its founder have been more than realised, to the great and lasting benefit, material, moral, and intellectual, of Man- chester and the district in which it is situated." The Address of the College. Having concluded his address, the President called upon the Principal of the College (Mr. Alfred Hopkinson) to read the address of the College to the Prince. It was as follows : — " May it please your Royal Highness, — " We, the Governors, professors, and lecturers, associates and students of Owens College, beg to tender to your Royal Highness our most loyal and hearty welcome on the occasion of your visit to take part in the commemoration of the foundation of our College and to open the hall in which we now meet for the first time, and we desire to express how greatly our happiness is enhanced by the fact that we are also honoured by the gracious presence of Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales. THE WHITWORTH HALL. 47 " We watched with interest and admiration the progress which your Royal Highnesses recently made through the dominions of our Sovereign in all quarters of the glohe. We rejoiced to see how at every place you visited your presence called forth the enthusiastic expression of that loyalty which had grown in intensity throughout the long and glorious reign of our late revered Queen, has continued unabated in strength under our illustrious Sovereign King Edward the Seventh, and has become more and more a bond of union amongst all subjects of the Empire, however widely separated. " We gladly call to mind the eloquent and inspiring words which, on your return, you uttered in the metropolis of this kingdom, calling for greater efforts on the part of the people of the mother country to train up a population fitted to maintain its power and to extend its usefulness — words which appealed especially to those who, like ourselves, are engaged in the work of the advancement of knowledge, and whose aim it is to educate the youth of the country so as to fit them for their work in life, either in the practice of the various professions or in commercial or industrial pursuits. " We are grateful that your Royal Highness has been pleased to participate in the commemoration to-day of our founders and bene- factors. On this the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of our College we desire to call to remembrance those by whose liberality its buildings have been erected and its teaching endowed, the wise counsellors who administered its affairs, our predecessors who taught and carried on their researches within its walls, and the many scholars who have gone forth from it to spread knowledge and to render useful service in the world. Especially would we in this hall commemorate the names, of Joseph Whitworth, who by his energy and inventive genius so successfully applied the principles of science to the practice of engineering, and amassed the wealth so much of which has been devoted to the promotion of education and of art with the greatest benefit to our city, and of Richard Copley Christie, who by his scholarship dignified, by his counsels guided, and by his wise administration of the property entrusted to him as well as by his own generosity so greatly enriched and adorned our College. " To your Royal Highnesses, and all members of the Royal 48 THE OPENING OF Family, we earnestly wish prosperity and happiness in every relation of life, and continued success in the labours which you so graciously undertake for the benefit of the nation. It will be gratefully recorded in the annals of our College that on the day when we commemorated what had been achieved by our predecessors in the past, when we were favoured by having amongst us representatives of literature and of science from so many universi- ties and learned societies, and when we were looking forward with hope to a time of extended usefulness and wider influence in the future, we received the encouragement and enjoyed the distinguished honour of the presence of the Heir to the Throne of the great Empire which we all desire to serve." The Prince's Reply. Mr. Alderman Thompson then presented the Prince of Wales with a golden key, and His Royal Highness rose to reply. His reception was hearty in the extreme, and the hall rang again with the cheers raised to welcome him. He said : " My Lord Duke, my lords, and gentlemen, — It is a great pleasure and an interesting experience for the Princess and myself to be here to-day to join in the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the foundation of Owens College, and to open this beautiful hall, which is a lasting memorial to the munificence of him whose name will ever be remembered as one of the greatest among the great men of Manchester. The absence through illness of the architect, Mr. Alfred Waterhouse, is, I am sure, a matter of regret to all of us here to-day. We thank you for your hearty welcome, and for your kind and sympathetic allusions to our recent colonial tour which are contained in your address. " On this first jubilee day of your College the question may be fairly asked whether it has fulfilled the object of the founder. We are told that his idea was to provide, in a great centre of population, commerce, and industry, ' higher education in such branches of learning and science as were usually taught in the English universities.' Those who joined with Mr. Owens in this scheme THE WHITWORTH HALL. 49 recognised that in the great commercial centres there was both the opportunity for and the need of something in the nature of real university life. They were desirous of founding a college in which everything should be taught which could be dignified by the name of knowledge, and, faithful to the spirit of this trust, in spite of bad times and, in earlier days, of many discouragements, those who have developed her foundation have been loyal to the founder's ideal. A college which after five years of its existence is reduced to 33 students and can yet persevere in the path which was originally marked out, which can now boast of 32 professors and over a thousand students, has indeed earned a just right to celebrate with pride and satisfaction its first jubilee. " Perhaps the best proof of the wisdom of the policy adopted in the case of Owens College is the fact that in nearly all the largest towns of the country there have been founded during the last thirty years colleges to a very large extent on similar lines. Owens College has sent many teachers not only to these but to the old Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. And we may also on this Jubilee day take stock of those influences which have been instrumental in thus successfully developing and carrying out the original scheme of the founders. Will Owens College ever cease to venerate the names of Owens, Beyer, Christie, Whitworth, and other noble benefactors to whose munificence is chiefly due her creation, endowment, and material prosperity? Can she ever be sufficiently grateful to those great teachers and students who have not only by their genius and force of intellect maintained in the College a high standard of learning, but also by their personal example have helped to form the characters and guide the lives of those who have been so fortunate as to come under their influence? Amongst these former eminent leaders two— Dr. Ward and Sir Henry Roscoe— -are, I am sorry to say, prevented by illness from taking part in to-day's ceremony. But great as have been these different forces in building up this vast and important educational machinery, they would not be sufficient without the strength and sustenance which has been secured by local patriotism and local enthusiasm. Renowned as Manchester has always been for a broad and generous municipal life, may we not ask 50 OPENING OF ourselves how far the spirit which has created and inspired that life is due to the influence of Owens College; and, on the other hand, would the College have had the courage to persevere in the path marked out for it if it had not been sustained and aided by steady municipal support? The presence on the governing body of the representatives of the municipalities of Manchester and the neighbouring towns so intimately associated with it should serve to strengthen this mutual sympathy, to guide the College in its work of elevation and culture, and at the same time to bring home to the municipal authorities the importance of furthering to the utmost of their power the development of the College. The work of an institution of this nature must continually expand, and it must not be forgotten that its material resources must also expand as the work grows. " I feel sure that Owens College may always count with confidence upon a generous local municipal support to enable it to keep abreast of the ever-growing demands of modern life, whether it be in the arts, in science, or other departments of a liberal education. In conclusion, I would call attention to the special effort recently made to raise a fund to pay the amount of the indebtedness of the College, which was very considerable, and to provide against the annual deficit. In spite of the depression in trade this year and other adverse causes, the fund now reaches £100,000. This is only enough to carry on the existing work of the College without making the additions to the staff and appliances which it is desirable should be made. It would indeed be a matter of pride and satisfaction to us if the outcome of to-day's proceedings were to be the wiping out of this debt, and I am sure that Manchester men will not allow this institution, of which they are justly proud, to suffer in any way for want of funds, and that through the generosity of the well-wishers and local friends of the College a permanent increase of the annual income of the College will be secured. I am told that among the arms emblazoned on the window which we face are those of the benefactors of the College during the past half-century. You will, I feel sure, join with me in hoping that before another fifty years have passed away many more windows, bearing many more such THE WH1TW0RTH HALL. 51 significant heraldic records, may ornament this splendid building. It only remains for me now to declare the Whitworth Hall open, which I do with the greatest pleasure, and I heartily wish continued success and prosperity to Owens College." The Earl of Derby said : — " I have the honourable distinction, I am afraid a little un- deserved, to return thanks, as one of the Governors of this College, to their Royal Highnesses for their kindness in coming amongst us to-day. Not that I can hope for one moment to succeed in expressing to their Royal Highnesses how deeply we feel this occasion. Once more we have you amongst us, and once more your Royal Highnesses have shown your willingness to take part in the large interests and the life of a great community. If we look back during the years of her late Majesty's reign, nothing, it seems to me, will be more remarkable than that which we have perhaps hardly sufficiently taken note of at the time, but that which has become now an institution amongst us, one which we hope will long flourish and prosper. Till within this last quarter of a century, or, perhaps, a little more, the heir to the Throne, the Prince of Wales of the day, was barred by constitution and by custom from many of the duties which fall upon Englishmen. He was debarred from any relation to politics, and obliged to restrict himself within constitutional limits. , He had no especial duty to fulfil, and circumstances of which his present Majesty took ample advantage enabled him to create — I claim he did create — a part of hardly secondary interest to that of the Sovereign in our Constitution. His Royal Highness, his present Majesty, then Prince of Wales, showed that he was at all times ready to sacrifice his own convenience to visit any part of Her Majesty's dominions, and to further the success of any public or beneficent object towards which the hearts of the citizens might be deeply inclined. Whether we consider the encouragement given to scientific and to literary meetings, or the pains which His Royal Highness took to attend large commercial and scientific gatherings, or the part that he took in great municipal ceremonies, and, last but by no means least, the efforts which he 52 OPENING OF put forth for widening the extent and scope of her then Majesty's dominions, we feel that his present Majesty the King created a part, as the Prince of Wales, of which any Prince of England might well be proud. To His Majesty's loyal subjects, — to none more than to us in this county of Lancashire, it is a source of satisfaction and of thankfulness to see that your Royal Highness is, I. may venture to say in your presence, so successfully following the path which your great father has marked out for you, and even in the short time in which you have had anything approaching to official duties you have amply profited by the occasion to confer benefits on the country. You have traversed the world, accompanied by that gracious presence which has enlightened so many and charmed so many. It was given to your Royal Highness to pass round the extended dominions of this country, and in every one of the colonies and dependencies visited to carry away with you the hearty and heartfelt good wishes of all with whom your Royal Highnesses came into contact. It is not given to all to deal with multifarious subjects and to speak on many different occasions with the tact and judgment and lucidity with which we look back upon the Prince of Wales's utterances, capped as they were, fitly capped, by the great speech which he made at the Guildhall upon his return. He has discovered a new duty, and whilst he took a message of goodwill and peace and affection to His Majesty's most distant colonies, he brought back to us a message that we were to be up and doing. This and similar halls are temples in which science, literature, and those arts which make a great country will in the future be taught. We hope that your Royal Highnesses will carry away something of satisfaction with the cere- monies which have taken place to-day." Sir W. H. Houldsworth, M.P., said : — " As one of the two remaining trustees of the original Owens College, and as one of the oldest governors of the College in its present form, it is with the very greatest pleasure that I second the vote of thanks which has just been moved by Lord Derby. It is a matter of the highest congratulation to us who have watched the progress of the College for many years, and have taken part in its THE WH1TW0RTH HALL. 53 administration, to be present on this occasion when we celebrate its Jubilee, and when we see this last magnificent addition to the buildings which we have looked forward to for many years. Reference has been made to the early days of the College, and I suspect that there are very few in Manchester who even now realise the difficulties that there were in the first few years in endeavouring to carry out the great idea of the founder of the College. The time was not then ripe for the appreciation of a College set in Manchester. There was the greatest difficulty to get the community at that time to understand what the idea of the founder was, and I think that a debt of gratitude is OAving to those early pioneers, the Governors and the staff of professors— by no means a large staff — who, in the face of immense difficulties and immense disappointments in the first ten years, persevered with the work, and determined that it should be carried through if it was possible to do so. They have their reward. There is one point which I think it is of importance to remember on these occasions. It is not only that we owe a debt of gratitude to those early administrators on the teaching staff for what they did in the administration of the College; it is not only that we owe them a debt of gratitude for the success they achieved ; but we owe them an even greater debt of gratitude that they never for one moment lowered the standard put forward by the founders of the College. There were a great many temptations in those early years to lower the standard in order to create a temporary success, but I am proud to think that the standard was never lowered, and that we are rewarded by having this College equipped and in a position to carry out the highest form of higher education which it is possible to conceive. I will not venture to intrude any longer on this audience, but I should like to say that it is an additional encouragement to all of us who are engaged in this work to feel now we have the sanction and encouragement derived from the visit of your Royal Highnesses on this occasion. I hope I do not presume too much in thinking that your coming here to-day and the interest which you have shown in this work is an indication that you recognise that it is not merely a local institution, but that it is a work of national importance. I think we may be very thankful to those who have preceded us ; and to no 54 OPENING OF one has this College been more indebted than to the donor of this magnificent hall. It was not only in his later years that he came forward most generously to assist the College in various ways, by the gift of the library and of books, and in other ways, but he was one of those early pioneers who fought through difficult days long ago, and never lost interest in the work of this College. I think to Mr. Christie the College is indebted as much as to any other man for the position it occupies to-day." The resolution was carried with much cheering. llis Royal Highness said in reply : '■ — " I am indeed grateful to my noble friend Lord Derby for the much too kind and flattering terms he used in proposing this vote, and I also wish to thank Sir William Houldsworth for the kind way he seconded it. Both the Princess and I are indeed deeply touched by the very hearty and enthusiastic way in which you have welcomed us here in Manchester to-day. The attraction of the invitation to take part in to-day's proceedings was threefold, for it enabled me to become identified in some slight way with your College, it also enabled me gladly to comply with the request conveyed by my friend your noble president, and it gave me an opportunity of again visiting Manchester accompanied by the Princess." Sir Richard C. Jebb, M.P., Regius Professor of Greek in the Univer- sity of Cambridge, followed with an address as the representative of literature. " The jubilee of a famous College," he said, " is an occasion of rejoicing; it is also a moment which invites us to look back, and to survey, however rapidly, those fields of intellectual activity in which the fame of the College has been won. The domain of science, the domain of literature — these are, broadly speaking, the two great fields which such a retrospect must traverse. It was the hope of us all that to-day the task of saying a few words on the studies of literature would have been performed by one who is eminently qualified to speak for them, one who has borne a great part THE WHITWOKTH HALL. 55 in the history of Owens College, and whose presence to-day would have been greeted by former colleagues and students, as by all friends of the College, with affectionate and grateful cordiality. I refer to Dr. Ward. It was with the keenest regret that he found himself prevented from coming by an illness from which he is now, I am happy to say, convalescent, though he is not as yet able to travel. To stand in Dr. Ward's place is not to fill it, and his deputy on this occasion can only ask for your indulgence. " Fifty years ago the conception of the studies proper for a college of the university type was somewhat different from what it now is. Readers of that fascinating book, " The Life of Professor Huxley," know that in 1851 the higher studies of science were still in their days of storm and stress, so far as academic recognition was con- cerned. In the academic ideal which then prevailed literature had no rival, unless it was mathematics. The first two scholarships founded in Owens College were the Victoria and the Wellington. One was for classics, the other was for the study of the Greek Testa- ment. Presently came science, conquering and to conquer. It may, however, be said that from the beginning and throughout the history of the College continuous efforts have been made to keep a just balance between science and letters. How thoroughly successful those efforts have been is shown by the present position of the College on its literary side. That position is a strong one in each of the literary departments — in classics, in English language and literature, in modern and Oriental languages, in philosophy and in history. In each of these Owens College can point to teachers, either now or formerly on its staff, and to past students whose work has given them a high rank in their respective branches of study, and whose reputations, well known to their fellow-workers everywhere, redound to the honour of their Ahna Mater. To one of these departments, that of history, we owe the volume of historical essays which has just been published in commemoration of the Jubilee, and the editors can point to the interesting fact that sixteen out of the twenty essays have been written by former students not upon the teaching staff. There is a peculiar fitness in such a tribute, since Dr. Christie was virtually the first professor of history. With his name, when we look 56 OPENING OF back upon the building up of literary studies in the College, we naturally associate those of other pioneers in that work, such as Dr. A. J. Scott, Professor Greenwood, Dr. Ward, Professor Stanley Jevons, Professor Adamson, and others— distinguished men who have had distinguished successors. To-day, then, when it holds its Jubilee, Owens College can contemplate with a just satisfaction the past achievements of its teachers and students in literature. And to-day we think also of the future. Will it be more difficult in the future than it has been in the past to maintain the approximate equipoise between literature and science which has hitherto been characteristic of the College ? It is natural and right that in the newer universities and colleges of England a very large place, we might say a predominant place, should be assigned to scientific, technical, and professional studies. That has been so here; it will doubtless continue to be so. But the representatives of those studies would themselves, I believe, be the first to desire that a due place should also be reserved for those liberal studies which are more distinctively called humane. " There is a demand at the present time for utility in education — a demand which has been quickened by a sense of its importance to the industrial and commercial interests of the country. Efforts are now being made, I believe, to establish, in connection with Owens College, a school of commerce, in which the study of economics and economic history would find a place, a school which should be at once theoretical and practical; and the wonderful variety of commercial energies in Manchester is evidently favourable to such a project. That will be another opportunity for the College to perform one of the functions which more especially devolve on a great college placed in a great centre of commerce— -viz., to interpret aright the meaning of utility in regard to the higher education. The most truly useful studies are not those which merely impart facts having an immediate application to a particular calling, but those which draw out thinking powers and discipline the intelligence. When the faculties of the mind have been trained, when a man has been not merely instructed but educated, special and technical training can be acquired more quickly and also more effectually. THE WH1TW0RTH HALL. 57 " Even those studies of literature which are sometimes regarded as the luxuries rather than the necessaries of culture have a practical value of a very direct kind, when they develop those qualities of character and intellect which help people to understand each other, and to work together with good-will for high ends. No country has less excuse than England for neglecting literature. The literature of our own language, which already counts so many centuries, is singularly rich and varied. It has expressed, and worthily, every phase of our national life and thought; and among its peculiar felicities is this, that at every period of its long course it has received some of its nohlest ornaments from men of action, from men versed in the conduct of great affairs. It is not, therefore, to students alone or to men of leisure, but also to men and women engaged in the practical business of life, whatever their special work may be, that those who plead for literature may appeal. They plead for studies which cultivate the imagination and educate the emotions ; which, by enriching the memory and fancy, also enlarge the whole mental horizon; which enhance the happiness and raise the dignity of human existence : and to-day we may express the fervent hope that in the time to come those studies may continue to flourish in this College, which has hitherto fostered them with s,Mch eminent success, and with such excellent results both for this great city and for the country at large." Dr. A. W. Eiicker, D.Sc, F.R.S., Principal of the University of London, next gave an address as the representative of science. " It is seldom so easy," he said, " to fix a definite date for the beginning of a great movement as in the case of that which is marked by the foundation of the Owens College. It was the year 1851 in which this country, under the auspices of Her late Majesty and the Prince Consort, called together all the other nations of the world to admire the perfection of our manufactures as exhibited in the Great Exhibition. The historian of the future may be pardoned if he searches for evidence that amid that exhibition of a proud pre- dominance in the industrial arts some far-seeing minds looked forward to and were even beginning to prepare for a time when their sons 58 OPENING OF would be engaged in a struggle to retain industrial pre-eminence far keener than that by which their fathers had won it. If he does so he may find some evidence in favour of an affirmative answer in the fact that a few months before the Great Exhibition was inaugurated a college was opened in a great manufacturing town, a college which was destined to be the pioneer in bringing university education to the doors of provincial homes, and to play a great part in providing that higher technical instruction which is now recognised as essential to the success of a manufacturing nation. It is unnecessary to dilate upon the characteristics of our older universities, but the very air of aloofness and withdrawal from the world which, in my opinion, is not a sign of weakness but rather strengthens their influence and adds to their charm, leaves room for a university of another kind, for a university dwelling not in a picturesque country town, but where the pillar of cloud by day and the glare by night show where the people are gathered together not to rest but to toil. Of such a university college the Owens College was in this country the first example. Of such a university the Victoria University is the type, and it has nobly fulfilled the two functions of a university. It has not only directed the education of the youth ; it has also, by adding to our knowledge, taught mankind. " A great work like this could only be accomplished by men of exceptional ability, and the Owens College has from the beginning been wonderfully fortunate in attracting to itself the lifework and the affection of men worthy of the great task which it had in hand. Among its first professors was the late Sir Edward Frankland, who afterwards achieved one of the highest honours open to a man of science in that he was admitted to the select band of eight whom the French Academy of Sciences honours with its foreign membership. To him succeeded Sir Henry Roscoe, whose absence we all deplore, and none more than the members of the deputation from the University of London, though our sorrow is mixed with rejoicing that he has emerged scatheless from his late dangerous illness. Fresh from the laboratory of Bunsen, he introduced into Manchester the spirit and the methods of the great Continental schools of chemistry. For many years his laboratory was the centre of THE WH1TW0RTH HALL. 59 chemical teaching in England. Through him and his pupils the influence of Owens College has been visible in the creation of chemical laboratories of a distinctly English type. At Leeds, in the great laboratories which are now being built at South Kensington, and elsewhere we might recognise the lineal descendants of the Owens College. Time would fail me if I were to attempt to go through the catalogue of the distinguished men who have been professors here. The gentle and saintly Balfour Stewart, whose goodness was only equalled by his knowledge, and who won for Owens College the position, which his successor has worthily maintained, of being a great centre of the study of the obscure phenomena of terrestial magnetism; Williamson, who for years sent a series of important papers to the Royal Society on the fossils of coal; Prof. Milnes Marshall, who gathered the students around him not only in the lecture-room but in the playing-field ; and many others have made the Owens College what it is. " But an institution is to be measured not only by the men who have worked in it but by the men whom it has sent out into the world. There is no work more characteristic of a great university of the present day than that the teachers should gather round them students who have already taken their degrees elsewhere. Few have been more successful in this than Professor J. J. Thomson, of Cam- bridge, and he first learnt his art in the Owens College. Again, a modern university aims at uniting the study of pure science and the application of science to industry. No man has stood more prominently before the world as happily uniting in his own person great scientific knowledge and great industrial capacity than the late John Hopkinson — and he came from your own laboratories. Another mark of the scientific progress of to-day is that the governments of the world are waking up to the fact that if a full use is not made of science no nation can hope to keep in the van. A man was wanted to illustrate this by taking the post of Principal Chemist to the English Government, and the man found was Dr. Thorpe, for long a student and assistant in the Owens College. Both within and without these walls the Owens College has thus influenced the life, not only of Manchester but of the nation, and I may perhaps be 60 OPENING OF allowed to add that as President of the British Association, as a member of the delegacy of the University of London, I may in the name of both those bodies hail the Owens College as at once a great school of pure science and a great centre of technical knowledge. One personal note may perhaps conclude what I have to say. In my own earlier days, when I was a professor at Leeds, I was frequently in Manchester, and the friendships I then formed, the influence which the tone of Owens College exercised on myself, are among the happiest recollections of my life." Sir Frank Forbes Adam, who replied on behalf of the College, said : — " May it please your Royal Highnesses, my Lords, Ladies, and Gentlemen, the honour has fallen to me as one of the youngest members of the Council of the College, if not in years at any rate in length of service rendered, to express our sincere and heartfelt thanks to Sir Richard Jebb and Dr. Riicker for their interesting, instructive, and altogether admirable speeches. Our illustrious guests and other speakers have traced the history of the College— the one in the department of arts and literature, the other in the field of science — from the first early runnings and small beginnings gradually through the years of hopes and fears, of successes and achievements, of checks and disappointments, of growth and development up to the present great and important celebration. What they have said has not only been a just compliment to, and high appreciation of, those who administered the College in the past ; but their words have also been full of stimulation, suggestion, and encouragement to those who are charged with the guidance of the present and who will have to direct the future. Building on the sure foundations laid by our pre- decessors, following on the lines marked out by them, inspired by their example, we may confidently look forward to still further expansion and progress till we attain to that perfected, complete, all-embracing ideal that will enable us to offer to the most capable youth of Manchester and surrounding towns and districts, of neigh- bouring counties, and perhaps from a wider and more distant circle the opportunity of obtaining a final and crowning intellectual THE WHITWORTH HALL. 61 training and equipment — a training that will qualify them to fulfil in every department of life's activities their duty to themselves, their county, and the United Kingdom, and to contribute to the strength and permanent supremacy of that Empire which is the wonder and, alas, the envy of the world. Your Royal Highness, on a recent memorable occasion, as we have been reminded to-day, admonished the nation that it must educationally " wake up." We in the North of England have taken that warning to heart, and in thanking Sir Richard Jebb and Dr. Riicker for decorating this ceremony by their presence, and for their eloquent and learned addresses, which will be treasured in our archives, I think I may venture to promise on the part of the authorities of Owens College that they will leave no stone unturned, no effort untried, so far as is within their power, to provide what is best and highest, most suit- able, useful, and effective for that province of the King's dominions wherein their work and duty lie." With this concluded the formal proceedings of the morning. " God bless the Prince of Wales " was sung, and the procession left the hall, accompanied by the cheers of the audience. The Conversazione. The Conversazione in the evening of Wednesday, March 12th, was a gathering of unusual interest, and formed, too, the largest social function ever given under College auspices. The guests, who numbered about five thousand, were received by the President of the College (His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.G.) from 8-30 to 9-30, at the head of the grand staircase, whence they proceeded into the Whitworth Hall. There a brilliant scene presented itself, for the beautiful lighting of the Hall, its graceful proportions, and the diversity of academic, military and evening dresses combined to make the scene one of unwonted splendour. There were present most of the delegates from universities and learned societies, many of the benefactors of the College, and nearly 62 THE CONVERSAZIONE all the staff and students. The whole College (the Medical School alone excepted) was thrown open for the inspection of its guests, and some idea of the various sources of entertainment provided can be gained from the appended list of exhibits : — The Chemical Laboratories. The Chemical Lecture Theatre, the rooms on the bottom corridor, and the Chemical Laboratories were open. Rooms on the Bottom Corridor. room a. (Entrance.) Manufacture of Silver Lustre Ware. Exhibit of Silver Lustre Ware. Silver Mirrors. Glass Blowing. Experiments on the Decomposition of Steam. ROOM B. Apparatus for the Preparation of Argon. Experiments on the Specific Heat of Gases at high temperatures. Soap Bubbles. room c. (Exit.) Experiments on the Velocity of Sound in Gases at high temperatures. ROOM D. Experiments on the Photography of Explosive Flames. ROOM E. Experiments on Combustion, Reduction, and Crystallisation. ROOM F. Visible Development of Photographic Plates in the Projection Lantern. ROOM G. The Dyeing Exhibit, Organic Experiments, Time Reactions and Explosions. AT OWENS COLLEGE. 63 The Christie Library. The Collections of the late Prof. A. Milnes Marshall, Dr. Angus Smith, Prof. E. A. Freeman, Prof. Muirhead, and Mr. R. C. Christie, the donor of the Library Building. Facsimiles of Egyptain Hieroglyphics. Early MSS. Papyri of the First and Second Century, a.d. MSS. and Charters from the Ninth to the Sixteenth Century. Early Printed Books. Books printed before 1500. Books printed by Etienne Dolet and Sebastian Gryphius. Early Aldines ; Early English Printed Books and First Editions. First Folio Shakespeare, 1623. Bindings, Fifteenth to Nineteenth Century. Autographs of Casaubon and Ben Jonson. Bishop Lee Collection of Engravings, etc., illustrative of the History of the Diocese of Manchester. Portraits of Members of the Staff. The Whitworth Engineering Laboratory. ENGINES. The 100 Horse-Power experimental Engines and the Experimental Oil Engine were in motion. Prof. Reynolds' Kinetic Engine, and Machine for exhibiting the balancing of reciprocating and rotary motion were on view. HYDRAULICS. Vortex Rings in Water. Experiments showing the transition from steady to unsteady motion of water in round tubes. Apparatus for exhibiting the transformation and losses of energy in con- tracting and expanding pipes. Prof. Reynolds' apparatus for illustrating the loss of energy in oblique impact of jets. Hydraulic Ram. Centrifugal Pump and Turbine. 64 THE CONVERSAZIONE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. 100 Ton Testing Machine. Machine for subjecting metals to rapidly repeated reversals of stress. Machine for determining the effect of centrifugal force on the driving power of belts. Deflection Machine for small bars, wires and springs. Cement Tester. Apparatus for experimentally determining the supporting pres- sures in continuous beams. Apparatus for determining the whirling speed of small shafts. The Physical Laboratories. basement. (Rooms 31 — 39.) Hampson Liquid Air Machine, Room 34. 12-plate Wimshurst Electrical Machine, Room 36. GROUND FLOOR. (Rooms 1 9.) Hopkinson Electrotechnical Laboratories. Dynamos, Electric Furnace (ready for work). Advanced Electrical Laboratories. first floor. (Rooms 11 — 19.) Physics Laboratories, with Apparatus used by Students. second floor. (Rooms 21 — 29.) Lecture Rooms 25 and 27. Grating Room 21, with 6-inch Rowland Concave Grating and Mounting. OBSERVATORY ON ROOF. 10-inch Cooke Refracting Telescope. The Beyer Laboratories. GEOLOGICAL LABORATORY. 3. — Series of Microscopical Sections, illustrating the Structure of Rocks. 2. — Series of Photographs illustrating the dependence of Scenery on Geological Structure. 3. — Geological Maps of Manchester District, British Isles, and Europe. AT OWENS COLLEGE. 65 BOTANICAL LABORATORIES. 1. — A series of Experiments illustrating the principles of Vegetable Physiology. Water cultures. Root pressure. Transpiration. Respiration. Growth experiments. 2. — An exhibition of the methods employed in preparing and cutting vegetable tissues for microscopic examination. 3. — Photographs and living plants illustrating the adaptation of plants to their surroundings. 4. — Living Seaweeds. ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY. 1. — Living Marine Animals (fish, sea-anemones, hermit-crabs, etc.) 2. — Luminous animals (sea pen). 3, — Microscopical Exhibit of Pond-life. 4.— Stages in the Development of the Chick, illustrated by living embryos. 5. — Exhibition of the methods used for cutting very thin sections. The Manchester Museum. FIRST FLOOR. Tertiary Fossils : Prehistoric Iron Implements from Canterbury. Historic Collections : Robinow Collection of Egyptian Antiquities. Mammalia : Anthropoid Apes, etc. Temporary Case of Objects from First Egyptian Dynasty. Smithies Collection of Peruvian Pottery. Reuben Spencer, Hibbert and GKiterbock Coin Collections. SECOND FLOOR. Whales, Dolphins, Kangaroos, Reptiles, Fishes. Birds : Rollers and Bee-eaters from the Dresser Collection. 66 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES Eggs of British Birds : Local Birds and Nests. Botanical Room : Vegetable Kingdom systematically arranged : Models of Plants. THIRD FLOOR. Shells (Pleurotomaria Adansoniana) : Sea-Urchins : Corals : Insect Mimicry. Selections from the Schill Collection of Butterflies and Moths. Botanical Room : Stems, Leaves, Seeds, Galls. Flinders-Petrie Egyptian Collection. The Presentation of Addresses. The formal reception of delegates and the presentation of addresses to the College took place in the Whitworth Hall on Thursday morning, March 13th. The Duke of Devonshire, President of the College (robed as Chancellor of the University of Cambridge), took the chair, and there accompanied him to the platform the Chancellor of the University (Earl Spencer), the Vice-Chancellor (Mr. Alfred Hopkinson), Sir William Houldsworth, Professor "Wilkins, Professor Young, Professor Schuster, Dr. Hiles, Professor Tout, Professor Lamb, Professor Sinclair, Professor Wild, Mr. Alderman Thompson (Treasurer of the College), Mr. Broadfield (Treasurer of the University), Sir F. Forbes Adam, Mr. Emmott, M.P., Mr. A. H. Worthington, Miss Alice Crompton, the Registrar of the College, the Secretary of the College Council, the Registrar of the University, and others. The first ten rows of seats were reserved for members of the staff, of the College and University Courts, and of Convocation, and for the visitors concerned in the morning's ceremony. The rest of the Hall was filled with keenly interested spectators, most of whom were students of the College. The Duke of Devonshire opened the proceedings with a short speech. He said : — " Owens College has during the last two days been very highly honoured. Yesterday a brilliant company, including Royalty itself, TO OWENS COLLEGE. 67 assembled in this hall — which, I hope you all think, justifies the pride which we take in it — to celebrate the Jubilee of the foundation of Owens College. Later in the day the scene was changed to the Town Hall, where the municipal authorities of the great city in which the College has found its home renewed their congratulations. But as an academic body perhaps we value not less than all those to whom I have referred the presence among us to-day of representa- tives of universities and learned societies of our own and of foreign countries, and we welcome not less heartily those of the colonies. But above all, perhaps, we are touched and grateful for the presence among us of the distinguished representatives of foreign universities, who are about to present to the College addresses of encouragement and congratulation which will be treasured for ever amongst our most precious archives. And now, ladies and gentlemen, I shall not trespass further on the time, already sufficiently short, which is allotted to the important proceedings of to-day. I will only ask you to allow me to add one word of personal excuse. You will perhaps not be surprised to know that it is somewhat difficult for one who is engaged in political life to escape for the greater part of three days from the performance of his duties in London, and as I fear it will be necessary for me to return this afternoon before the completion of these proceedings, I trust you will allow me, when I vacate this chair, to ask the Principal to occupy it, thus placing him in a position which I think his natural modesty has somewhat led him to depart from during these last two days." At the close of the President's speech the following universities and learned societies presented, through their delegates, addresses of congratulation on the occasion of the Jubilee of the Owens College : FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES AND SOCIETIES. Paris : Prof. A. Espinas. Lille : Prof. A. Angellier. Academie des Sciences, Institut de France : Prof. H. Becquerel. Munich (University and Academy) : Prof. Hermann Breymann. Gottingen : Prof. Walther Nernst. 68 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES Gottingen (Royal Academy of Sciences) : Prof. Voigt. Zurich Polytechnik : Dr. E. Knecht. Geneva : Prof. Chodat. Harvard : William Woodward. INDIAN AND COLONIAL UNIVERSITIES AND LEARNE0 SOCIETIES. M'Gill (Montreal) : Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., LL.D., D.L. (High Commissioner for Canada). Calcutta : William Booth, M.A., Sc.D. Madras : J. B. Bilderbeck, M.A. Adelaide : Prof. Hudson Beare, B.Sc. New Zealand : Prof. A. Dendy, D.Sc. THE UNITED KINGDOM. UNIVERSITIES. Oxford: Rev. W. W. Merry, D.D., Sir W. R. Anson, Bart., D.C.L., and Sir J. S. Burdon-Sanderson, Bart., D.M. Cambridge : Sir R. C. Jebb, Litt.D., LL.D., D.C.L., Prof. J. J. Thomson, LL.D., D.Sc, F.R.S., and R. T. Wright, M.A. Durham : Rev. Canon J. T. Fowler, D.C.L., F.S.A. London : A. W. Rucker, D.Sc, F.R.S. (Principal), Prof. W. P. Ker, LL.D., and Sir Thomas Barlow, M.D., F.R.C.P. Wales : T. F. Roberts, M.A. (Vice-Chancellor). Birmingham : Oliver J. Lodge, D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S. (Principal), Prof. H. G. Fiedler, Ph.D., and Prof. Charles Lapworth, LL.D., F.R.S. St. Andrews : Prof. W. A. Knight, LL.D., Prof. John Herkless, D.D., and Prof. C. R. Marshall, M.A., M.D. Glasgow : Prof. G. G. Ramsay, M.A., LL.D., Prof. John Ferguson, M.A., LL.D., and Prof. William Jack, M.A., LL.D. Aberdeen : The Very Rev. J. M. Lang, D.D. (Principal), Prof. J. W. H. Traill, M.D., F.L.S., F.R.S., and Prof. J. T. Cash, M.D., F.R.S. Edinburgh : Prof. A. R. Simpson, M.D., and F. Grant Ogilvie, M.A., B.Sc. Dublin : Rev. J. P. Mahaffy, D.D., D.C.L., and Prof. W. Macneile Dixon, Litt.D. Royal University of Ireland : Sir Rowland Blennerhassett, Bart. TO OWENS COLLEGE. 69 UNIVERSITY COLLEGES. University College, London : G. Carey Foster, LL.D., F.R.S., (Principal). St. David's College, Lampeter: Rev. LI. J. M. Bebb, M.A., (Principal), and Prof. Robert Williams, M.A. King's College, London : Prof. J. Millar Thomson, LL.D., F.R.S. Queen's College, Belfast : Prof. E. A. Letts, Ph.D., D.Sc, F.C.S. Queen's College, Cork : Prof. Marcus M. Hartog, D.Sc. Queen's College, Galway : Prof. A. Senior, Ph.D. Bedford College for Women : Major Leonard Darwin, R.E. University College of Wales, Aberystwyth : A. Emrys Jones, M.D., M.R.C.S. Durham College of Science, Newcastle-upon-Tyne : H. P. Gurney, M.A., D.C.L. (Principal). Yorkshire College, Leeds : Prof. Arthur Smithells, B.Sc, F.R.S. University College, Bristol : C. Lloyd Morgan, F.R.S. (Principal). University College, Sheffield: W. M. Hicks, Sc.D., F.R.S., (Principal). University College, Nottingham : Rev. J. E. Symes, M.A., (Principal). University College, Liverpool : A. W. W. Dale, M.A. (Principal). University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, Cardiff : E. H. Griffiths, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S. (Principal). University College of North Wales, Bangor: II. R. Reichel, M.A., LL.D. (Principal). . Royal Holloway College for Women : Miss Emily Penrose, (Principal). LEARNED SOCIETIES. Royal College of Physicians : Sir W. S. Church, Bart., M.D., LL.D. (President). Royal Society: Sir G. G. Stokes, Bart., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., (Past President). Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society : Charles Bailey, F.L.S. (President). Royal Irish Academy : Prof. Robert Atkinson, LL.D., Litt.D., (President). 70 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES Royal Society of Edinburgh : Robert Mimro, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.E. Royal College of Surgeons of England : H. G. Howse, M.S., M.B., F.R.C.S. (President). Geological Society of London : Prof. Charles Lapworth, LL.D., F.R.S. (President). Cambridge Philosophical Society : Prof. H. Marshall Ward, Sc.D., F.R.S. Royal Astronomical Society : J. W. L. Glaisher, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S. (President). Zoological Society of London : Professor G. B. Howes, LL.D., F.R.S. (Vice-President). The Incorporated Law Society : Sir Albert Rollit, LL.D., D.C.L.. M.P. (Vice-President). Institution of Civil Engineers : Charles Hawksley (President). Royal Geographical Society : Major Leonard Darwin, R.E. British Association: A. W. Riicker, D.Sc, F.R.S. (President), and G. Carey Foster, LL.D., F.R.S. Manchester Statistical Society : E. J . Carlisle, M.A. (President). Royal Institute of British Architects : W. Emerson (President). Manchester Geological Society : Jonathan Barnes, F.G.S., (President). Chemical Society : Prof. W. A. Tilden, D.Sc, F.R.S. Chethain Society : C. W. Sutton. The Council of Legal Education : Hon. Sir W. Rann Kennedy, K.C. Institution of Mechanical Engineers : William H. Maw, President. Royal Institute of Public Health: Prof. W. R. Smith, M.D., D.Sc, F.R.S.E. (President). Society of Medical Officers of Health : A. Wynter Blyth, M.R.C.S. (President). Mathematical Society of London : E. W. Hobson, Sc.D., F.R.S., (President). Royal Historical Society : Prof. T. F. Tout, M.A. TO OWENS COLLEGE. 71 Iron and Steel Institute : G. J. Snelus, F.R.S. (Vice-President). Physical Society of London : Prof. S. P. Thompson, D.Sc, F.R.S., (President). Institute of Chemistry : Prof. J. Millar Thomson, LL.D., F.ll.S. , F.C.S. (President). Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society : Rev. E. F. Letts, M.A. (President). Society of Chemical Industry : Ivan Levinstein (President). Manchester Geographical Society : Harry Nuttall. Manchester Microscopical Society : Charles Turner. Society of Electrical Engineers : W. E. Langdon. Many of the delegates accompanied the presentation of the addresses entrusted to them, with congratulatory speeches. The first was that of Prof. Antoine Henri Becquerel, who handed to the President an address in the name of the Academie des Sciences. Speaking in French, he congratulated the Owens College upon the success which had marked the labours of the College during a period of fifty years, and expressed wishes for its future success. Sir George G. Stokes said he had the honour to present an address from the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. The oldest scientific society in the kingdom sent its most hearty con- gratulations to Owens College, in celebration of the Jubilee and in recognition of the important work which that College, of com- paratively recent foundation, had been doing in the city of those eminent men Dalton, Joule, and others. During the speech of Sir George Stokes, Earl Spencer arrived in the Hall, and on the conclusion of the address, was conducted, amidst the heartiest cheers, to a seat on the right of the President. The presentation of addresses was then continued. The Rev. Dr. W. W. Merry said that as representing the oldest University in England — that of Oxford — it was with great delight that he was allowed, in association with his distinguished colleagues Sir W. R. Anson and Sir J. S. Burdon-Sanderson, to extend to one 72 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES of their youngest and most brilliant sisters in university records their very hearty congratulations, and to express their hope, and indeed their assurance, that this was the beginning of a very great advance- ment and a very noble and distinguished future for the College. Prof. Hermann Breymann, representing the University and Academy of Munich, said he was entrusted by one of the greatest of the German Universities, having 220 professors and 4,400 students, to convey their best greetings and most sincere congratulations to Owens College on that very important day. He had a second message to give. The Bavarian Royal Academy of Science had also entrusted him with a letter of congratulation. He read a passage in the letter which stated that Owens College had entered upon the second half of its first century with the consciousness of having taken an active and honourable part in the development of those technical and physical sciences the knowledge and advancement of which were of supreme interest to the intelligent population of Lancashire. Sprung from small beginnings, that institution had, under the liberal support of their fellow-citizens, attained a high position in the scientific world by means of its activity in teaching as well as by its success in science, and to that position the Munich Academy joyfully presented its tribute of admiration. Prof. A'oigt, of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Gottingen, pre- sented an address from that institution. Dr. Knecht, of the Manchester Technical School, said he regretted that a professor of the Zurich Polytechnik was unable to be present. He had been appointed the delegate to present an address from that body and to offer the sincere congratulations of their brethren in Zurich. Professor Chodat, of the University of Geneva, also presented an address, and added a few words in French. He spoke of the " University of Manchester," a slip which was loudly cheered. Prof. Woodward presented an address from Harvard University. Lord Strathcona, who was loudly cheered as he ascended the platform, said that on behalf of the M'Gill University of Montreal, TO OWENS COLLEGE. T8 of which he had the privilege of being the Chancellor, and also as representing in England the Dominion of Canada, he congratulated the Victoria University and the Owens College on the great work the College had done within the past fifty years. He was one of the few who could remember John Owens, the founder of the College. He could assure the President that they appreciated in Canada, as he knew they did also throughout the whole of the colonies, the great benefits they, as well as others, had derived from the work of the Owens College. Prof. W. Booth said he had been duly entrusted by the authorities of the University of Calcutta to express their congratulations upon the present occasion, and the hope that Owens College would be as successful in the future as it had been in the past. On behalf of the University of Madras, Mr. Gk B. Bilderbeck said the students there were under great obligations to Owens College through the writings of many of its professors, whose names were household words amongst them. Prof. Hudson Beare, on behalf of Adelaide University, which he said was one of the youngest Universities of the Empire, offered hearty congratulations to their elder sister, whose prosperity and success in the future would, he hoped, be as great as it had been in the past. Prof. Dendy (New Zealand), an old student of Owens College and a graduate of Victoria University, presented the address from his University. On behalf of the most distant University in His Majesty's dominions, he said he had very great pleasure in offering their most sincere and heartfelt congratulations upon the occasion of the Jubilee of Owens College. Although they were separated by half the circumference of the globe, he assured them that their sympathies in New Zealand were still strong with the motherland, and that any function of that kind was watched with the greatest interest, especially by those who had had the honour and privilege of being former students of such an institution. Sir R. C. Jebb, Cambridge University, accompanied by Prof. J. J. Thomson and Mr. R. T. Wright, former students at Owens 74 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES College, offered the heartiest congratulations of his University on the auspicious celebration of the Jubilee, a festival which he said had been so remarkably successful in every way. He also tendered the heartiest good wishes and hopes of Cambridge University for the future and increased prosperity of the College. Dr. Ker, representing London University, said the representatives of that University were unhappily deprived that day of the presence of their Vice-Chancellor, Sir Henry Roscoe. Dr. Ker offered con- gratulations from his University. Mr. T. F. Roberts, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Wales, in presenting an address, said he had an especial reason in doing so, in the fact that the College had as its principal founder a countryman of theirs, of whom they were proud. This gave them a reason for rejoicing deeply with them and for sharing in their hopes for a yet more glorious future. By a happy coincidence the signing of the address, which he had the honour to present, was one of the earliest official acts of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Chancellor of the University. Dr. Oliver J. Lodge, Principal of the University of Birmingham, said he brought salutations from the city of Priestley and Watt to the city of Dalton and Joule. With their Chancellor, Mr. Chamberlain, they of the Birmingham University hoped that the City of Manchester would be connected with Owens College presently in name as well as in fact. Professor W. A. Knight said he presented the address from St. Andrews University, the oldest of the Scottish universities. He was associated in the deputation with Professor Marshall, who was a former student at Owens College. Professor G. G. Ramsay said that from beyond the Tweed he had the pleasure to bring the congratulations of Glasgow University to Owens College, a college with which they at Glasgow had always felt the warmest sympathy upon two grounds — that it had been founded upon lines more representing those of the universities of Scotland than those of England, and because it was their lot to send forth their intellectual light in murky regions like those of Glasgow. One note TO OWENS COLLEGE. 75 of sadness he must strike. One of the body of his University who was to have been one of the representatives that day was himself for many years an honoured professor in Owens College. They had lost in him one of their most distinguished ornaments, and one of the most distinguished ornaments of Owens College. The Very Rev. Dr. Lang, who was accompanied by Professor Traill and Professor Cash, said he had the honour to present an address from the most northern and one of the most ancient universities of Scotland — that of Aberdeen. They expressed the hope that the future of Owens College would be even more brilliant than its past. Professor Simpson, of the University of Edinburgh, said the youngest of the Scottish universities presented to Owens College its felicitations on its past achievements and its good hopes for further success in the future. Professor Mahaii'y, of Dublin University, said he had the honour to present an address from a University which was neither the oldest nor the youngest, the nearest nor the furthest, nor the best, and certainly not the worst. Sir Rowland Blennerhassett presented an address from the Royal University of Ireland. He was authorised, he said, by the Senate and the authorities of the University to join in all the good wishes for the prosperity of Owens College that had already been expressed. The Principal of Owens College said a large number of addresses of congratulation had been received from universities and learned societies which had been unable to send delegates. Mr. Fiddes, secretary to the Council of the College, read the following list of such universities and societies : France : College de France. Italy : University of Rome, University of Bologna, University of Padua, Accademia dei Lincei. Germany : University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Erlangen, University of Freiburg im Breisgau, University of Giessen, University of Jena, University of Kiel, University of Strasburg, 76 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin, Royal Academy of Sciences at Leipsic. Switzerland : University of Basel, University of Berne, University of Zurich. Austria : Bohemian University of Prague, German University of Prague, University of Vienna, University of Buda-Pesth, Imperial Academy of Sciences at Vienna. Holland : University of Leyden, University of Utrecht, University of Amsterdam. Belgium : University of Liege. Russia : University of Helsingfors, University of Moscow. Denmark : University of Copenhagen. Norway : University of Christiania. Sweden : University of Lund, University of Upsala. Greece : University of Athens. Portugal : University of Coimbra. United States of America : University of California, University of Columbia, Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University, Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, University of Princeton, Western Reserve University. Japan : University of Tokio. Addresses from university colleges and learned societies, of which the list of representatives is given above, were then presented, no speeches being made. The Principal of the College, whom the Duke of Devonshire, obliged to leave before the conclusion of the proceedings owing to his political duties, had requested to take his place, replied to the addresses of congratulation. He said : If I use very few words in thanking those who have presented addresses to-day for their presence here and for the encouragement that they have given to our work, I hope that it will not be thought that our feelings as members of the College are not strongly affected by their presence and by the words which they have used in their addresses and their speeches to-day. Although we have passed our fiftieth anniversary, we are not yet too old to feel a certain glow of TO OWENS COLLEGE. 77 youthful pleasure at the commendation of our work that we have received from you. I thank those who have presented these addresses, and I should like to convey our thanks at the same time to the universities who have, in the most gratifying language, expressed their congratulations to us on this our Juhilee. I am sorry that to-day there are two of the best friends of our College absent whose presence here would have been particularly gratifying to us, representing as Vice Chancellors the two Universities of Cambridge and London — both of them amongst those who have done most to build up and carry on the work of the College in the past. I refer to Dr. Ward, Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, and to Sir Henry Roscoe, from both of whom I have received letters, which I will read. Dr. Ward says: — " You know already how deep is my personal regret not to be present at your Jubilee. But the cordial goodwill of the University of Cambridge, which has always accompanied the progress of Owens College, will be better expressed by Sir Richard Jebb and his colleagues than it could have been by myself. There is one further consideration which tempers my disappointment at not being with you on this memorable occasion. The Jubilee is essentially a celebration of the past, and the College has done great things in 50 years. But, with all proper piety of feeling, I never cared as much for the past of Owens College as for its future. This future is not, I hope, an affair of another 50 years or so, but part of the national future itself. The advance of the College depends on increased resources, on a larger measure of freedom, and a unanimous determination of all its members to keep in view the highest end of university study and of university life." Sir Henry Roscoe writes: — " It is with extreme regret that I write to inform you that the state of my health prevents my taking part in the Owens College Jubilee. As the only living representative of the professoriate in the early and critical period of the College history, I had looked forward with the deepest interest to this celebration, and fully hoped to 78 THE PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES have been able to take part therein. The event graced by the pre- sence of Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales becomes one of more than local importance. It is one of national interest, for amongst all the proofs now before us of an awakening amongst our people to the necessity of the higher scientific education none is more remarkable than the rise and progress of Owens. Fifty years ago the very existence of a centre of the higher teaching and learning in a commercial and industrial city like Manchester was looked upon by all but an enlightened few as a chimera. Now the acknowledgement of its value and importance is general. To Owens belongs the honour of being the first in the van of this educational advance, and the Jubilee celebration marks in a fit manner the high position which Owens has won for itself amongst the great educational institutions of our country." I feel (the Principal continued) that it would be fitting that the thanks of the College should be conveyed to those members of universities, and especially to the scientific members, who have presented addresses, by a successor of Sir Henry Roscoe; and I cannot do more fittingly than call upon Sir H. Roscoe's successor, who carries on the traditions of the chemical school here so well, and ask Professor Dixon to express those thanks. Professor Dixon said : I wish the great privilege of seconding this vote of thanks had been entrusted to a senior member of our staff, but holding the chair I do, so long and so honourably held by Sir Henry Roscoe, I could not refuse to speak at the request of my scientific colleagues. In their name I desire to thank the many universities and learned societies which have sent us greeting, and to assure the delegates that their presence here to-day is regarded by us as no mere compliment, but is cherished as a proof of their apprecia- tion of our work, which of all forms of encouragement is the most quickening and the most real. The long list of distinguished delegates precludes any attempt to return thanks to them individually, and even were I to select the names of those eminent in science I could not do them justice. But if one branch of science may serve as a pattern of the whole, then what I say as a student of TO OWENS COLLEGE. 79 physical chemistry must be mentally multiplied by you and the product duly divided among the several sciences. Among those who have come to us from abroad I select, therefore, for special thanks Professor Becquerel, of Paris, whose researches are exerting such profound influence on our knowledge of radiant energy; and Professor Nernst, of Gottingen, who has so deeply fathomed the mystery of solution. Among the delegates from universities and societies in the United Kingdom no man appeals more strongly to all workers in physical science, for no one has been a stauncher friend to all, than Sir George Gabriel Stokes. In Dr. Rxieker and Dr. Lodge we welcome old colleagues in our sister colleges, now Principals of Universities, founded, like our own, to spread the culture of letters and of science in the great centres of population. From London also we have Professor Carey Foster, equally learned as physicist and chemist; from Glasgow the veteran Professor Ferguson. From the Queen's Colleges, Ireland, we welcome Professor Letts and Professor Senior, from Sheffield Professor W. M. Hicks, and from Birmingham Professor Poynting. We thank the Chemical Society for sending us her treasurer, Professor Tilden. We rejoice also to see among us, because their presence affirms the close connection between our industries and university education, Mr. Snelus, the President of the Iron and Steel Institute ; Mr. Langdon, the President of the Institu- tion of Electrical Engineers; Mr. J. M. Thompson, President of the Institute of Chemistry; and Mr. Ivan Levinstein, President of the Society of Chemical Industry. And, lastly, we welcome with special pride the old students who have gone forth from our walls and won distinction and fame for their old College in every department of life. Among many such here to-day to whom our warmest thanks are due I can only (by my limitation) refer to Professor J. J. Thomson, of Cambridge, who, out-maxwelling Maxwell, counts and weighs the parasites on Dalton's atoms; to Professor Arthur Smithells, of Leeds, who has read the riddle of the chemistry of flames ; and to Dr. E. H. Griffiths, who is just carrying from Cambridge his marvellous energy to experiment in new fields. In looking back through the fifty years of our College life we all recognise a past of great achievement. In 80 THE HONORARY DEGREES chemistry we can look back on the great teachers Erankland, Roscoe, and Schorlemmer, and can recall their ever-memorable researches. To-day we of Owens College look forward to the uncertain future not without anxiety, but not without good hope, for we have two things on our side which ever inspire and direct — the encouragement of our contemporaries and the glorious example of the past. The Honorary Degrees. The ceremony, hitherto purely a College celebration, now became a University function, and Earl Spencer, as Chancellor of the Victoria University, took the chair. He said : I rise, in opening the proceedings of the University, to say but two or three words. I come here to-day, and I was here yesterday, feeling the greatest pleasure in assisting at this celebration of your great College. No one wishes more success to Owens College than I do myself, and I feel it a great honour as Chancellor of the University to be here to-day to confer degrees in the name of the University on so many distinguished men, not only from every part of the King's dominions but from other parts of Europe and the world. I shall not detain you longer, but only express again the gratification which I feel at taking part here as Chancellor, and offer in my own words a sincere welcome, which I give in the name of the University, to the distinguished men on whom I shall have the honour to confer a degree. LL.D. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon the following : — Sir William R. Anson, Bart., the Right Hon. Sir John T. Hibbert, K.C.B., the Right Hon. James Hoy (Lord Mayor of Manchester), Sir W. Rann Kennedy, Dr. E. C. Maclure (Dean of Manchester), Mr. Alfred Neild, Principal T. F. Roberts, Sir Albert K. Rollit, Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, and Mr. R. T. Wright. SIR W. K. ANSON. In presenting Sir W. R. Anson, the Principal said there was no one who could be a fitter representative of a University in Parliament, AT OWENS COLLEGE. 81 and none whom they more readily welcomed as representing the University of Oxford amongst them that day than Sir William Ileynell Anson, Warden of All Souls' College, known as one of the ablest of university administrators, and also as one of the clearest expounders of the laws and constitution of our country. SIR J. T. HIBBERT. Of Sir John T. Hibbert the Principal said : If long and dis- interested public service can constitute a claim to academic honours, none could be more worthy than Sir J. T. Hibbert, chairman of the Lancashire County Council, who has so well served his country both as a Minister of the Crown and a member of the Legislature, and also by his able and enlightened administration of the affairs of our own county. THE LORD MAYOR. The Principal next presented Mr. Alderman Hoy, Lord Mayor of Manchester. He said : Called after many years of arduous public service by the unanimous voice of his colleagues to the chief magistracy of his own city, the Lord Mayor of Manchester has already won golden opinions by the very great ability and dignity with which he has discharged the duties of his high office. May our civic and academic institutions ever work together for the public good in the spirit which he has so well displayed in the speeches he has made ! MR. JUSTICE KENNEDY. Sir W. R. Kennedy was next presented. The Principal said : In the distinguished career of Sir William Rann Kennedy is found another example to show that distinction as a scholar is likely to be followed by distinction in the practice of a great profession. We gladly recall that Mr. Justice Kennedy is one of those who have lectured on law at Owens College. Some of us who are members of the Northern Circuit will with special satisfaction welcome as a graduate of the Northern University one who was an ornament of that circuit who had been at Cambridge Senior Classic, and is now a judge of His Majesty's High Court of Justice. 82 THE HONORARY DEGREES THE DEAN OF MANCHESTER. In presenting the Dean of Manchester, the Principal said he was chairman of the Manchester School Board, and a member of the Consultative Committee of the Board of Education, whose energy and geniality, and ability in the transaction of business, had been of signal service to the cause of primary education in the city. MR. A. NEILD. Next presenting Mr. Alfred Neild, the Principal said : " It is with peculiar pleasure that I present to you Mr. Alfred Neild, the senior member of the Court oJ Governors of Owens College, whose scholarly tastes and the high standard which he had always main- tained as regards the policy of the College have rendered him one of its best friends for now more than forty years during which he has acted as a member of the Council, for a long period as Treasurer of the College, and afterwards as Treasurer of the University." PRINCIPAL T. F. ROBERTS. Principal T. F. Roberts was next presented. The Principal said : In the part played by its Colleges in the organisation of education the Principality of Wales has set an example which might be followed with advantage throughout this country, in which the Principal of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, has taken so useful a part. I have the pleasure to present to you Thomas Francis Roberts, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Wales, for the degree of LL.D. SIR A. ROLLIT. Of Sir Albert Rollit the Principal said the Incorporated Law Society of the United Kingdom had sent as its representative one whose energy had been displayed in many fields. Sir Albert Rollit had shown equal ability both in the Legislature and in the councils of his own profession, and both as President of the Associated Chambers of Commerce of the United Kingdom and as a member of the Senate of the University of London. AT OWENS COLLEGE. 83 LORD STRATHCONA. The Principal then presented Lord Strathcona. He said : " To have played a large part in welding British North America into the Canadian nation, to have broken through the barrier by which that nation was once divided, to have illustrated the unity of the Empire and the unity of learning by enriching universities on the shores of the North Sea and the banks of the St. Lawrence, to have assisted with unbounded liberality and foresight in the defences of the Empire, and, finally, to be spending the evening of his days in drawing closer bonds which stretch across the Atlantic, are some of the claims of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, Chancellor of the University of Montreal, to the degree of Doctor of Laws, for which I now present him to you." MR. R. T. WRIGHT. In presenting Mr. R. T. Wright, the Principal said he was almost the first of the many students of Owens College who won high distinction in the University of Cambridge, and who had since done most valuable service to literature and to science by the admirable manner in which he had discharged the duties of his office as secretary of the Cambridge University Press. LITT.D. The degree of Litt.D. was conferred upon the following : — Professor A. Angellier, Professor A. C. Bradley, Professor H. Brey- mann, Professor A. Espinas, Professor W. P. Ker, Dr. McLaren, the Lord Bishop of Manchester, Dr. W. W. Merry, Professor A. S. Napier, Mrs. Pylands, and Mr. J. H. Wylie. The recipients were presented by Professor Wilkins. PROFESSOR ANGELLIER. In presenting M. Auguste Angellier, Professor of English Language and Literature in the University of Lille, Professor Wilkins said : Professor Angellier is one of the most distinguished of that brilliant band of French scholars who have done so much of 84 THE HONORARY DEGREES late by their penetrative and sympathetic criticism to promote the study of English literature both in their own country and in ours. His learned and exhaustive work on Burns is familiar to all students, and in recognition of its substantial merit I invite you to confer on its author the degree of Litt.D. PROFESSOR BRADLEY. Presenting Professor Andrew C. Bradley, he said : "When in 1884 University College, Liverpool, was admitted into the Victoria University no new colleague was more heartily welcomed than the learned and graceful critic who held the Chair of English Literature. Five years later the tie was broken by a call to the ancient University of Glasgow. Oxford now claims him as her own. But that the old bond may be renewed I present to you Professor Andrew Bradley. PROFESSOR BREYMANN. Of Professor Hermann Breymann, of the University of Munich, he said : Twenty-seven years ago Dr. Breymann was a lecturer in the Owens College. Called away to the Chair of Modern Philology in the illustrious University which he represents, he has been one of the leaders in the school founded by his great master Friedrich Diez, which has so successfully applied the principles of philological science to elucidate the history and the structure of the Romance languages. In recognition of his eminence as a scholar I invite you to confer on him the degree of Litt.D. FROFESSOR ESPINAS. Presenting Professor A. Espinas, he said : The ancient and illustrious University of Paris — the mother of the academies of the West, who counts more centuries than we do decades — has done us the high honour of sending one of its professors to bring its felicitations on our fiftieth anniversary. Professor Espinas is widely known as the author of a work of exact and comprehensive learning on " The History of Economic Doctrines," the subject which he professes in the University of Paris. AT OWENS COLLEGE. 85 PROFESSOR KER. Presenting Professor W. P. Ker, he said : Professor Ker is one of the representatives to-day of the University of London, with which our own has so many ties ; and in his work on " Epic and Ilomance " has shown in a very noteworthy way that singular command of mediaeval languages and literature from which we hope still to gather abundant fruits. THE REV. DR. MC LAREN. Presenting Dr. McLaren, he said : The Rev. Alexander McLaren, D.D., for forty-four years has devoted in this city his exact theological scholarship, his charm of literary form and freshness, his fervid eloquence, and his intense conviction to the maintenance among us of the highest ideals of life and conduct, and so has won to no common degree the reverence and affection of his fellow-citizens. THE BISHOP OF MANCHESTER. The Bishop of Manchester was next presented. Dr. Wilkins said : Wide learning, strong clear thinking, and a firm grasp of the gravest modern problems have marked his public utterances from the masterly Hulsean lectures of 1808 to the sermon of last Sunday. The honour in which he is held in this great diocese, the University, the seat of which is his Cathedral city, desires to recognise to-day. THE REV. DR. W. W. MERRY. Presenting the Rev. Dr. William Walter Merry, he said that the debt that was due to the Rector of Lincoln College from the student of Homer and of Aristophanes, from the lover of the earliest (very rude) Latin poetry and the latest (very polished) Latin prose, could not be fitly described by one less gifted than the Public Orator of the University of Oxford. He would only venture to say how heartily they welcomed the head of the College of Pattison and Fraser, of Christie and of Hopkinson. 86 THE HONORARY DEGREES PROFESSOR A. S. NAPIER. Of Professor Arthur Sampson Napier, Dr. Wilkins said that in Professor Napier they had a former student of the Owens College who now held an honoured place in the University of Oxford, where for more than sixteen years he had been Merton Professor of the English Language and Literature. His attention had been mainly given to the study of Old and Middle English, on which his publications had been numerous and authoritative. MRS. RYLANDS. Mrs. Bylands was next presented. Professor Wilkins said : I present to you Mrs. Enriquita Bylands, who with splendid munifi- cence has gathered in Manchester a magnificent library as the most fitting memorial for one who cared much that the best books should be accessible to all, who laid down the rules for its government with far-sighted sagacity, who endowed it lavishly, and who is never weary of adding to its treasures with a watchful and discriminating generosity. MR. J. H. WYLIE. Presenting Mr. J. H. Wylie, H.M. Inspector of Schools, he said that Mr. Wylie, while discharging the duties of his responsible position in the neighbourhood of Manchester, found leisure for the production of a work on the reign of Henry IV., marked by patient research and careful investigation of sources, which was justly regarded as a standard authority for the period with which it dealt, and which gave him high rank among contemporary historians. D.SC. Professor Young, Dean of the Medical Department of the College, presented for the degree of Doctor of Science Sir Thomas Barlow, Sir John S. Burdon-Sanderson, Sir William S. Church, Mr. H. G. Howse, and Professor A. R. Simpson. AT OWENS COLLEGE. 87 SIR THOMAS BARLOW. In presenting Sir Thomas Barlow, Professor Young said they welcomed one who, by his achievements and by his early connection with the Owens College, might fairly be claimed as one of its most brilliant sons and associates. By his scientific work he had justly won for himself a world-wide reputation. As a signal mark of his professional attainments and of his high personal qualities he was appointed physician extraordinary to Her late Majesty Queen Victoria. At present he held the office of physician to the King's household, and in addition he also occupied important positions at the University of London and at the Royal College of Physicians of London. SIR J. S. BTJRDON-SANDERSON. Of Sir J. S. Burdon-Sanderson, Regius Professor of Medicine in the University of Oxford, Professor Young said he was at once the Nestor and doyen of British physiologists. Of his scientific researches not the least famous were those dealing with subjects on the borderland of physiology and medicine. By his observations and reports on diphtheria, vaccine, cholera-bacteria, and other subjects, and by his classical investigations on inflammation and the pathology of fevers, he had materially extended our knowledge of the fundamental processes which formed the very basis of medicine. Moreover, those advances in our knowledge of morbid processes had exercised a far-reaching influence on the health of the community at large. His contributions both to science and to practical medicine were known throughout the world. SIR W. S. CHURCH. Presenting Sir W. S. Church, Professor Young said that since the incorporation of the Royal College of Physicians in 1518 its successive presidents had included the most able and learned physicians in this country. Not the least illustrious in that distinguished roll was Sir William Selby Church. His singularly sound judgment, uniform dignity, temperate firmness, and eminent professional attainments marked him out as peculiarly fitted to act as a member of the South 88 THE HONORARY DEGREES African Hospitals Coiiiniission, a work which commanded his whole- hearted devotion to the interests of humanity. Again, in other committees dealing with investigations of disease Sir William Church's judgment and scientific knowledge had been conspicuous. They welcomed one who by his interest in the progress of medicine and in other ways had rendered great services to the nation. MR. H. G. IIOWSE. In presenting Mr. Henry Greenway Howse, Professor Young said he was the official head of the profession of surgery in this country. His services to his hospital and to his profession, his eminence as a teacher, his contributions to the science and art of surgery, and his early and sustained support of the great principle of the antiseptic treatment of wounds, had with many other personal distinctions led to his appointment as President of the Ifcoyal College of Surgeons of England, amongst whom he held a worthy place in the roll of honour. PROFESSOR SIMPSON. Professor Young then presented Professor Simpson, the Dean of the great Medical School of the University of Edinburgh. He said he was the bearer of a name rendered for ever illustrious in the annals of medicine by the services of his predecessor, and he worthily filled the Chair he now occupied. His contributions to gynaecological science were of high value, and they had gained the admiration of his co-workers. Professor Schuster, in presenting for the same degree Professor H. Becquerel, Professor R. Chodat, Principal G. Carey Foster, Dr. J. W. L. Glaisher, Principal E. H. Griffiths, Principal W. M. Hicks, Dr. E. W. Hobson, Professor G. B. Howes, Professor W. Jack, Principal 0. J. Lodge, Professor Nernst, Professor J. II. Poynting, Professor W. A. Tilden, Professor Voigt, and Professor H. Marshall Ward, said : PROFESSOR ANT0INE HENRI BECQUEREL. Grandson of Antoine Becquerel, son of Edmond Becquerel, our honoured guest represents the third generation of a family of . AT OWENS COLLEGE. 89 physicists who have added to our store of knowledge by their experimental skill and keenness of observation. His discovery of imponderable emanations and active radiations from inert matter, entitle him to the distinction of having laid the foundation of a new branch of Physics. That great and illustrious society, the " Academie des Sciences," in holding out its hand of friendship to us, has sent one of the most distinguished members of its body. PROFESSOR ROBERT CHODAT. The town of Geneva, famous for the scientific eminence of its aristocracy, young as an University, but old as a seat of learning, is represented to-day by its Professor of Botany, who has shewn that he upholds with distinction the high traditions of the intellectual activity of his city. PRINCIPAL GEORGE CAREY FOSTER. We are glad to see among us the honoured Principal of University College, London. Our recognition is due to him for the long continued services he has rendered to science, and in particular for the practical teaching of Physics, which he was the first to establish in this country. DR. JAMES WHITBREAl) LEE GLAISHER. His mind is raised to invincible heights by his mathematical genius ; it is brought back to earth by his love of the stars. PRINCIPAL ERNEST HOWARD GRIFFITHS. In the town of Joule we honour him who gave us the most accurate measurement of Joule's constant. PRINCIPAL WILLIAM MITCHINSON HICKS. The laws of fluid motion have always fascinated the highest scientific intellects. My Lord Chancellor, I present to you William Mitchinson Hicks, whose successful work in this branch of Physics entitles him to receive the degree of Doctor of Science of this University. 90 THE HONORARY DEGREES DR. ERNEST WILLIAM HOBSON. All sciences bow to Mathematics as to their queen. The Mathe- matical Society of London honours us by sending its distinguished President to take part in our festivities; we honour ourselves by adding him to the list of our graduates. PROFESSOR GEORGE BOND HOWES. To occupy the chair rendered famous by the late Thomas Huxley is in itself a distinction. To occupy it worthily, to uphold its high traditions, to help and advise in the research work of generations of students forms a task which has been accomplished with marked success by Professor George Bond Howes. PROFESSOR WILLIAM JACK. The ties of old friendship are strong. A representative of the distinguished group of Professors, who in the old building in Quay Street carried on the educational work which led to the foundation of this University, is sure to receive a warm welcome from us. PRINCIPAL OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE. An apostle of the immortal Maxwell when apostles were still needed, a prophet who foresaw the future of electrical vibrations, a missionary who has left us to propagate the ideals of his College in the Midland Counties. PROFESSOR WALTHER NERNST. The University of Gfottingen is famous for the independence of its spirit, famous for its love of pure knowledge, but anxious also to maintain its reputation of industrial progress gained by the successful installation of the first electric telegraph, stretched by the hands of two of its mathematicians from the physical laboratory to the astronomical observatory. It could have sent us no more fitting representative than the chemist and physicist, who is at the same time the writer of a profound theoretical treatise and the inventor of a new and beautiful electric lamp. AT OWENS COLLEGE. 91 PROFESSOR JOHN HENRY POYNTING. As an experimental investigator, John Henry Poynting has weighed the earth in a balance, as a mathematician he has designed the channels for the flow of electrical energy; as a student of Owens College, he stands as one of the strongest pillars on which the fame of this great College rests. PROFESSOR WILLIAM TILDEN. Our University takes a pride in the success of its schools of chemistry, and we are glad to be allowed to recognise the eminent services rendered to science by the Chemical Society of London, by offering the degree of Doctor of Science to its distinguished repre- sentative. PROFESSOR WOLDEMAR VOIGT. During a period of experimental activity, in which the rapid accumulation of facts often outruns the convincing reasoning of logical deduction, we ought specially to honour the man who, trained in the school of Franz Neumann, is able to harmonise the scientific method of his master with the freedom of imagination which distinguishes the younger generation. He is doubly welcome to us as the representative of the Iloyal Academy of Sciences of Gottingen, a body which has led the way in creating a union between the scientific intellects of the civilised world. PROFESSOR HARRY MARSHALL WARD. My Lord Chancellor, I present to you Harry Marshall Ward, the Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge, a former student of Owens College, and a pupil of our late colleague Williamson. His valuable researches on the diseases of plants have secured him one of the highest positions among living botanists. MUS.DOC. Dr. Hiles presented for the degree of Mus.Doc. Mr. Adolph Brodsky and Dr. Hans Kichter. 92 THE HONORARY DEGREES MR. A. BRODSKY. It was, he said, with especial pleasure that he presented Mr. Brodsky, an artist renowned in all the great Continental schools of music, who— being entrusted with the management of the Manchester Royal College — by his never-failing geniality, his unwearied care for the welfare of those committed to his guidance, and especially by his self-denying exertion on behalf of those who, without assistance, could not grapple with the expense of a prolonged course of training, had gained not only the respect but the warm affection of those most closely associated with him in his work. DR. RICHTER. In presenting Dr. Richter, he said the work carried on by Sir Charles Halle exercised so wide an influence not only in the North of England but throughout the whole kingdom as to cause it to be felt that it could be fittingly continued only by a musician of world-wide celebrity — Dr. Hans Richter, the most renowned of living orchestral conductors, upon whom, years ago, the University of Cambridge conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Music. M.A. Professor Tout presented the following, upon whom was conferred the degree of M.A. : — Miss Annie Adamson, Mr. H. Guppy, Mr. Elijah Helm, Mr. T. C. Horsfall, Mr. George Milner, Mr. Charles Rowley, Mr. C. W. Sutton, Mr. C. H. Wyatt. MISS ADAMSON. He said : We honour Annie Adamson, not only for her kinship to one who will never be forgotten in this University, but as the senior mistress of our great High School for Girls, and as a teacher of rare originality, vivacity, humour, and force of character, who has shown by her own example the ideal method of instruction in the many tongues in which she possesses such eminent capacity. AT OWENS COLLEGE. 93 ME. H. GUPPY. Henry Guppy, librarian of the John Rylands Library, brought with him to this city a well-earned reputation as a bibliographer and library organiser, and has in a brief time won golden opinions from all for the zeal, tact, courtesy, and ability with which he has administered the splendid palace of learning which has added so largely to the intellectual resources of this district. MR. E. HELM. Some forty years ago the pupil of Stanley Jevons at Owens College and its sometime Cobden Lecturer, Elijah Helm has shown by his numerous writings on economics, commerce, and finance, no less than by his thirteen years' labours as secretary of that Manchester Chamber of Commerce of which he is also the historian, that combination of the theory of his science with the practice of business pursuits wherein we confidently expect that his example will be ever more abundantly followed by future generations of our students. MR. T. C. HORSFALL. The single-minded devotion and energy which Thomas Coghlan Horsfall has shown in the establishment and maintenance of the pioneer Art Museum in Ancoats, now successfully amalgamated with our University Settlement, of which he has ever been one of the leading spirits, has been equally conspicuous in every aspect of a career consecrated to the public service, and notably in his self- denying efforts to reconcile the differences that stand in the way of the diffusion of popular education and in his zeal for the solution of the vital question of the adequate housing of our labouring population. MR. GEORGE MILNER. In George Milner, the veteran president of the Manchester Literary Club, we pay our homage to one who has laboured, both by precept and by the example of his own delicate and graceful writings, for the diffusion of literary feeling, love of natural beauty, and solicitude for our fellow-men. 94 THE HONORARY DEGREES MR. C. ROWLEY. To the genial and popular chairman of the School of Arts Com- mittee, Charles Rowley, who has but yesterday celebrated his silver wedding, to his social and recreative works in Ancoats, Manchester is mainly indebted for her more recent and scholarly development of art teaching and the artistic spirit in our midst, and for a crowd of other good works. MR. C. W. SUTTON. The strenuous energy of Charles William Sutton, the chief librarian of our Municipal Reference Library, has won for the col- lection under his care the distinction of being first, not only in order of time but also in importance and value, of our municipal libraries, and has yet left him leisure for literary work of eminent merit, whether as the guide and director of our local archaeological societies or as the learned and scholarly biographer of a whole host of Lan- cashire worthies in the Dictionary of National Biography. MR. C. H. WYATT. The services of Charles Henry Wyatt, clerk of the Manchester School Board, have been devoted to educational administration for the whole of the thirty-two years during which School Boards have been in being, while his writings on citizenship and educational problems and his services to the Association of School Boards of England and Wales, of which he is the secretary, have spread the reputation of his zeal and knowledge far beyond the limits of our own town. The Victoria University is proud to add to its roll of graduates men and women who have thus distinguished themselves in the public service of the city which is its seat. M.SC. The following were presented for the degree of M.Sc. by Professor Lamb :— Mr. Charles Bailey, Mr. Francis Jones, Mr. J. H. Reynolds, and Mr. James Scotson. In making the presentations he said : I bring before you four notable citizens of Manchester, distinguished in various ways for their devotion to scientific research or to the diffusion of scientific knowledge. AT OWENS COLLEGE. 95 MR. C. BAILEY. In the case of Charles Bailey, the president of the Literary and Philosophical Society, we pay homage to the Society itself, with its great associations and traditions, and we recognise the long services rendered to it by its present head. But we also honour, whilst we love and admire, the kindly nature and the genial enthusiasm which in the eyes of his countless friends are qualified only by one defect, his own inveterate modesty. MR. FRANCIS JONES. Francis Jones, another servant of the same Society, comes to us as a chemist who, after sitting at the feet of such masters as Bunsen and Roscoe, taught for a time in this College, and has now for a long series of years led the scientific teaching in that great foundation, the Grammar School of this town. We welcome the skilled original worker, and the sound and successful teacher to whom this University, as well as others, is indebted for a long succession of able and disciplined students. MR. J. H. REYNOLDS. We also greet here to-day representatives of the latest addition to the educational machinery of the neighbourhood, the Municipal Technical School. The magnificent structure is a monument of what municipal generosity can effect in matters where its sympathies are really enlisted. But whilst we recognise the lavish equipment, the great possibilities, and the vast responsibilities of that institution, we recognise also how largely these are due to the single-minded and persistent devotion of its present director, J. II. Reynolds. MR. JAMES SCOTSON. Lastly, in a University where the theory of teaching now takes equal rank with other academic subjects, the claims of elementary education cannot be passed over. By the universal assent of experts no more fitting representative could be found than the trusted and skilful organiser and inspiring teacher whom we now welcome to our body, James Scotson. 96 DESCRIPTION OF THE A B.A. DEGREE. Professor Wilkins also presented Mr. Henry Brierley for the degree of B.A. under the resolution of the Court by which bachelors' degrees were offered to those who were Associates of Owens College before 1880. It was a happy circumstance, Professor Wilkins said, that Mr. Brierley applied for the privilege in a year following that in which he had been chairman of the Associates, in a year in which he had been chairman of the Owens College Union, and in a year in which his devotion to the College had been conspicuous and splendidly fruitful. The proceedings then concluded. Description of the Whitworth Hall. The Whitworth Hall extends from Burlington Street to the Museum tower, lying roughly north and south. Its length is 130 feet and its breadth 50 feet. It is connected with the Museum by an archway, under which is the main entrance to the College. The spaces between the seven buttresses which flank it are occupied by pairs of tricuspid windows, lighting the large hall above, and plainer windows below lighting the ground floor. The seventh and eighth bays on the east side are occupied by a porch, surmounted by an arcaded stone screen, with turrets on either side and three lancet windows, which forms the entrance from Oxford Street. At each angle of the Burlington Street end is a square tower. These have small turrets at each corner joined by arcaded parapets, under which are corbels simulating machicolations. The storey of the towers just below this is of open pointed arches. On the south side the two lower stories are left quite plain, but on the east and west side of the respective towers are two fine oriel windows, supported on conical buttresses, tapering into the walls a few feet from the ground. The space between the towers is occupied by a large window with stone tracery, on either side of which are buttresses crowned by octagonal turrets. The gable above is decorated with arcading and surmounted by a finial like a stool turned upside down, " v 01 UNIVERSITY OF WHITWORTH HALL. 97 with a leg longer than the others in the centre. At the base of the south side of the western tower is an entrance from Burlington Street. Just north of this tower is a corridor connecting the Hall with the Christie Library, and a projection forming the service room of the Hall. The blank spaces on the south walls of the towers bear shields with the arms of the College (on the east tower) and Sir Joseph Whitworth (on the west tower). The interior is divided into two stories. On the ground floor is a long corridor, stretching from an entrance under the archway leading from Oxford Street to the College quadrangle, to an entrance hall at the south end of the building. At either side of this corridor are rooms opening by doorways one into the other. From the entrance hall staircases rise against the south wall on either side to the large hall, and from these further staircases lead to small galleries, placed on either side of the hall at the south end, and communicate with the back of a gallery rising in tiers at the same end. The great hall itself is 130 feet long by 50 feet broad, and 65 feet high. The north end is filled up by the platform, with galleries on either side, and the organ. The roof, which is constructed of oak beams on a modification of the hammer beam principle, is supported by six granite columns, on which rest the principals, which are arranged in the form of pointed arches. The subsidiary arches, which support these, have at their junction carved figures of eagles. The panelling, galleries, organ loft, and platform are of light polished oak. The hall is lighted mainly by six pairs of large windows on either side, and a large window at the south end. There is also a window to the right of the platform, and one in each of the northernmost bays. The artificial lighting is by twelve chandeliers, each containing seventeen incandescent lights. The large window contains the coats of arms of various benefactors of the College. Note. — The arms are as follows, beginning with the topmost row at the left : — (1) Victoria University, Owens College. (2) Faulkner, Owens, City of Manchester, County of Lancaster, Devonshire, Beyer (shield with name). (3) Ashton, Christie, Whitworth, Fielden, Eylands. H 98 DINNER AND STUDENTS' CELEBRATIONS The Jubilee Dinner. On the evening of Thursday, March 13th, a dinner was given by the Council of the College in the Whitworth Hall, " to meet the delegates of Universities and Colleges and recipients of honorary degrees." Nearly 200 guests were present, including many Governors of the College, the members of the Senate and teaching staff and others. Mr. Alderman Thompson, the Treasurer of the College, presided, and seated with him at the high table were the Lord Bishop (Dr. Moorhouse), the Lord Mayor of Manchester (Mr. Alderman Hoy), Sir William Anson, Mr. Edward Donner, Sir Frank Forbes Adam, Prof. Ramsay, Prof. Osborne Reynolds, the Principal, Miss Emily Penrose, Dr. Mahaffy, Dr. Merry (Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford), Prof. Voigt, and other distinguished guests. The tables placed at right angles to the high table were each presided over by a member of the Senate. The toasts of the King, of the Prince and Princess of Wales, and of the Royal Family, which came first, had a very special importance and significance in view of the kindness of the Prince and Princess of Wales in coming to open the Whitworth Hall the day before, a fact which was not lost sight of by the chairman in proposing these loyal toasts. The Warden of All Souls (Sir William Anson), whose connection with Manchester equally with his gift of graceful humour and polished oratory peculiarly fitted him for the part, proposed the toast of " The College." Mr. Donner and Prof. Reynolds replied on behalf of the College. The next toast, that of " The City of Manchester," was proposed by Sir Frank Forbes Adam, and replied to by the Lord Mayor. The toast of " The Delegates," proposed by the Principal, was replied to by Prof. Ramsay, of Glasgow. The toast of " The New Graduates " was proposed by Prof. Weiss, and replied to by Dr. Merry, Prof. Voigt, and Prof. Angellier. Prof. Voigt spoke in his native tongue, as did Prof. Angellier. Both were listened to with great interest, and received with great applause. The proceedings terminated with the toast of " The Chairman," proposed by the Lord Bishop. AT OWENS COLLEGE. 99 Student Celebrations. On Friday, March 14th, the students celebrated the Jubilee in an informal and characteristic manner. The programme consisted of a fancy-dress torchlight procession through the city, to be followed by a smoking concert in the new hall. Soon after six o'clock about three hundred students assembled in the quadrangle, and arrayed as they were as all sorts and conditions of men, in garments of all shapes and sizes, gave it a weird and fantastic appearance. Lit only by the dim flicker-of hundreds of Chinese lanterns borne aloft on sticks and wavering to and fro as their bearers moved, the quadrangle certainly looked more like the scene of some mad carnival in a foreign land than a plot of sober English ground surrounded by academic walls. Some of the most conspicuous apparitions must be placed on record. Britannia, with shining helmet, loomed large and gracious, happy in the possession of a menacing trident, while a green-coated Irishman flourished his blackthorn shillelagh in another part of the quadrangle. There were many gentlemen in kilts — relics, doubtless, of extinct Highland clans, and more than one son of the Far East. A sprightly cleric and a North American Indian, a gibbering ghost (of whom or of what was part of the mystery that surrounded it), and a benign sandwich man, were of the company. One gentleman, in an access of loyalty to his Alma Mater, had donned what would perhaps be most correctly described as a " confection " of the College colours, and another wore grotesque academicals, whose precise significance no man knew. There were vagrants and female domestics, as well as most of the ubiquitous and decadent figures of the comic press. Shortly before seven o'clock the word was given to light up torches, and the procession, headed by four mounted policemen, marched out of the quadrangle to the inspiring strains of bagpipes, more pungent than melodious. Large and demonstrative crowds lined the route of the procession, which was as follows : Oxford Street, Mount Street, Albert Square, Cross Street, Market Street, Piccadilly, Portland Street, and back to the College by Oxford Street again. Unfortunately the rain began to fall when Albert Square was reached, but it only served to accelerate the pace of the 100 DR. McLAREN'S SERMON procession, and did not lessen the enthusiasm either of the students or of the multitudes who cheered their progress through the streets. On returning to the College, the greater part of the procession entered the Whitworth Hall, where preparations had been made on a large scale for the smoking concert, and which, with its numerous refreshment tables, presented an essentially social aspect, strongly in contrast to its ceremonious appearance on the preceding morning. Mr. Barclay occupied the chair during a miscellaneous but thoroughly enjoyable programme. Pianoforte solos, songs, and sketches were given by the following gentlemen : Messrs. A. Jones, F. da Cunha, F. Walmsley, S. Heathcote, H. Gregson, It. N. Porter, and Hartley. During the evening, too, speeches were made at the importunate request of the audience by Mr. Collier and Professor Dixon. About eleven o'clock the gathering broke up, after " Auld Lang Syne " and " God Save the King " had been sung. Dr. McLaren's Sermon. As the celebrations of the Jubilee had been prefaced by a religious service, it was fitting that they should be concluded in the same way. Accordingly the Rev. Alexander McLaren, D.D., Litt.D., preached a commemoration sermon in the Union Chapel, Oxford Street, on Sunday, March 16th, 1902. The immense congregation that assembled on the occasion was largely composed of members of the College. Dr. McLaren took as his text : " Wisdom is the principal thing ; therefore get wisdom, and with all thy getting get understanding." — Prov. iv. 7. and preached the following sermon : — I should not have presumed on my own motion to have arranged for this service, but having been asked to do so by members of the Council of Owens College, I gladly give effect to the suggestion, though the gladness is tempered by the consciousness of inability to find words adequate to this occasion and to this audience. It was fitting that the ceremonies of the week should be, as it were, enclosed in a circlet of religious observances, thus bringing together literature and science, civic and ecclesiastical life as fellow-workers over large fields. At the initial service of last Sunday a voice, to which we all AT UNION CHAPEL. 101 listen with deference and profit, spoke with official as well as personal authority for the Church as by law established. I have no mandate to represent the Free Churches with which I am more immediately connected, but I am sure that I speak for them when I associate them most cordially with the felicitations and good wishes already so abundantly offered. I have, at least, one qualification to be their mouthpiece in that I can recall the early days of struggle of the College, and preserve through all the intervening years fresh and radiant the memory of the brilliant and meditative genius of its first Principal, as well as that of the scholarly modesty, and wise, persistent administrative efficiency of its second Principal, and those of many toilers of whose unrequited labours, as they seem, in sowing the seed we are now reaping the harvest. The Hebrew sage, whose words I have read, lays down in them the principle of which all colleges and places of learning are the outcome, and which it is their highest function to keep clear before themselves as guiding and animating their work, and to witness for in the community in which they may be set, where lower ideals are but too often followed. But it is important to observe that the conception which he associates with wisdom is not altogether that which we sometimes connect with the word. It is by no means synonymous with lore of any kind. It is not merely intellectual; it is ethical and practical. It guides life, restraining, impelling, directing, and correcting, and, above all, it is in touch with God. He casts his conception into the likeness of an august, sovereign woman, bearing in her hands chaplets and crowns, wealth, riches, length of days, and honour for her votaries, preparing a table for them to which she invites the simple in heart, herself co-eternal with God, and the artificer of His works. Now, if we bring these glowing impersonations down to plain prose they come to this, amongst other things, that " the principal thing " is character rightly formed, graced with beauty, endowed with strength, subject to an austere morality, and in contact with God. That is the Hebrew conception of " wisdom," and, may I venture to say, that is the ideal of the ultimate end of all learning, literature, science, and art, by which the teachers will be ennobled and the taught will be builded up in 102 DR. McLAREN'S SERMON proportion as they keep it clear before them. Not merely to impart instruction, not merely to train for professions or for commerce does this great institution of which we are speaking this evening stand amongst us, but in order that, by means of imparted instruction and trained faculties, it may tend to build up men of the highest type — men who can govern themselves, men who can grasp behind the seen and temporary the Unseen, which is the cause of it all and the home of our hearts. In proportion as the teacher loses sight of that farthest aim he narrows himself ; in proportion as the taught loses sight of it he misses the purpose of his learning. Brethren, if I may venture to speak now to those who are immediately connected with Owens College, the ideal may seem very remote from the dry, dusty details of the daily tasks, but the pole star is not too high to be steered by, and the true deliverance from the drudgery of the Real is the clear vision of the Ideal. Now, from this highest point of view we can comprehend most clearly two or three things. We can comprehend, for example, the true relations between a college and the community in the midst of which it is set down. It is impossible to over-estimate the benefit of having planted in the midst of a great centre of commercial life an institution, the very existence of which is a perpetual witness that there are higher things in the world and truer wealth than all the success and the riches that can be won in mills and warehouses. It is of priceless value that this College, like Wisdom — its mother — -should stand " in the high places of the city," and cry aloud, " Eat of my meat." Its function is to stand for ideas and ideals, to penetrate the mass with shafts of light and to slay some mud-serpents, to exalt non-material good. It is not only the few that are taught, but it is the multitude who never cross its threshold, that feel in varying degrees the force of the silent rebuke, or, at least, the silent protest which it lifts up against the lower conceptions of " the principal thing," which are only too rampant in this great city. And so, not to be sequestered in academic groves, but to be plunged into the midst of toiling multitudes, is one of the felicities of this institution. We cannot too highly value the power which radiates from a college in the midst of a great commercial centre. AT UNION CHAPEL. 103 But while, on the one hand, the College has duties to Manchester, on the other hand, Manchester has duties to the College, which it is of the highest advantage to the city that it should clearly recognise and generously discharge ; and many rich men have wisely devoted a portion of their wealth to enlarge the powers of this great institution. But it has claims not on individuals only, but on the community, for it is doing yeoman service for the community, not merely in communicating instruction on subjects bearing upon commerce and industry, but in the other ways to which I have referred, and thus deserves, and, I venture to hope, will receive liberal civic aid to one of the most important factors for good in our civic life. From this same highest point of view the relations between learning and religion are discerned to be harmonious and complemen- tary, not antagonistic and mutually exclusive, as some unwise partisans on either side are too fond of insisting that they are. The representatives may be hostile — the principles are not. The aim of learning, as I have tried to point out, is to turn out men of the highest type ; the aim of religion is the same. Their methods differ, their conceptions of what is the highest type sometimes differ too, but they are not antagonistic. Two mountain ranges stand looking across at each other and separated by a broad plain, but the streams that flow down their flanks pass into a common channel and fertilise the valley, and the peaks that tower so high and are so far apart spring from one deep-lying rock formation far below the surface. And so, whatever may be the attitude of the representatives, there is a unity in aim in these two mighty powers — learning and religion. No doubt there often appears to be antagonism, when learning comes to corrode some of the human outworks of religion— and thereby to do it a service by removing the things that can be shaken, that the things which cannot be shaken may remain. The cathedral stands revealed in its majesty and its symmetry when the mean booths that cluster round it, like fungus round the bole of an elm tree, are swept away. No doubt a student absorbed in his own special study has but a tepid interest in things outside it — and that temptation of all scholars is intensified to-day by the necessary specialising which follows on the immense accumulation of material— but indifference to anything 104 DR. McLAREN'S SERMON. else arising from preoccupation with his own subject is by no means peculiar to the student; but alas! it determines the relation to religion, of men in all callings and in all circumstances. They are no friends of either who try to pit them in antagonism to one another, and the zealots in both camps would be all the better for remembering the wider outlook taught us by Him who said : " He that is not against us is for us." But I should be unfaithful, dear friends, to my deepest convictions if I did not avow that I for one believe that after all learning and culture, there remain deep, primal, ineradicable, universal needs which learning and culture will never satisfy. We have all of us one human heart, and it is fashioned alike, whether it beats beneath the gown of the scholar or the jacket of the workman, and its cry, often stifled, often misinterpreted, never silenced altogether, is for God, for the living God. We need, we all need, a Person behind and above the whirl of circumstance, and the miracles of matter, on whom to lean, to whom to submit, in whom to trust, with whom to be at rest. We all need consciences to be cleansed, perverse and enfeebled and en- slaved wills to be emancipated by submission to rightful authority, the power of evil within us lo be broken, the seducing voices of evil without us to be hushed — and there is but One that can do all that for us. The glowing impersonation of the Hebrew sage has received an advancement and a realisation of which he little dreamed. It has taken flesh and blood, and has come amongst us, in Him who is the power of God and the wisdom of God, " the Light that lighteth every man that cometh into the world," God's Son, man's Brother, King of all. He can impart to each what none else can give. Literature, science, art, have brought us priceless riches, but they leave us still poor. Their highest honour is to be second, not first — second to none but to Him, and their noblest function is to stand and cry, " We are not that Light, but we are sent to bear witness of that Light." " Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world." May we all, teachers and taught, hearers and speaker, betake our- selves to Him in living trust and loving obedience, that so we may be wise with His wisdom and may attain to the highest type of manhood, being men " in Christ!" Addresses ADDRESSES. 107 UNITED KINGDOM. Oxford. Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi apud mancunienses Cancellarils Magistri et Scholares Universitatis Oxoniensis Salvere iubent. Gratulainur vobis, viri docti, decimum lustrum felici auspicio liodie celebrantibus ; nee quidquam nobis gratius quam in hac urbe, proprio mercaturae et negotiorum domicilio, dignum et spectabile Musarum Scientiaeque templuni intrare et doctorum virorum coetui interesse. lam vero quod quinquaginta modo annos confecit, ipsa temporum ratio Societatem vestram fortasse vel immaturitatis vel virium nondum adultarum arguere videretur ; vos tamen venerandum illud Sapientis praeconium ultro estis consecuti, qui " consummatus in brevi multa tempora expleverit." Nobis quidem tarn mirabilia studiorum incrementa, tot tantosque praesides, praepositos, professores, discipulos, ceterosque Collegii alumnos contemplantibus, ad summum doctrinae fastigium tempestive potius quam nimium festinanter pervenisse videmini. Ab auspicato Collegii initio adeo non defecistis, ut iamiam novorum aedificiorum accessione, nova rei familiaris amplificatione ita adaucti estis ut nulli non oneri sustinendo satis superque sufficiatis. Quapropter nos Oxonienses, de fortunis vestris optimam spem atque exspectationem habentes, fausta et felicia vobis et precari et augurari haud unquam desinemus. Datum in Domo nostra Convocationis die quarto mensis Februarii A.S. MDCCCCII. ( SEAL } 108 ADDRESSES. Cambridge. Universitatis Victorianae Collegium Owensianum apud mancunienses Salvere jubet Universitas Cantabrigiensis. Rem nobis pergratam fecistis, viri doctissimi, quod annum quinquagesimum Collegii vestri ab origine feliciter exactum propediem celebraturi, etiam nostram Universitatem laetitiae vestrae participem esse voluistis. Sunt sane multae benevolentiae mutuae causae, quae Universitati nostrae cum Collegio vestro intercedunt. Primum imperii Britannici in eadem parte positi, studiorum communium consuetudine vobiscum sumus consociati; deinde Pro- fessorum vestrorum in ordine insigni ex alumnis nostris complures non sine gaudio numeramus; denique non modo Collegii vestri in Praeside illustri, Cancellario nostro, sed etiam in Procancellario nostro, Universitatis vestrae Victorianae plus quam semel Procan- cellario, habemus magna necessitudinis vincula. Ergo ad Collegium vestrum, Universitatis Victorianae e Collegiis tribus natu maximum, legatos tres libenter mittimus, primum Procancellarium nostrum vobis omnibus notissimum, deinde unum e Professoribus nostris, unum etiam e Senatus nostri Concilio, quorum uterque vobis erit eo gratior quod vestri Collegii ex umbraculis egressus Academiae nostrae nemora non sine laude intravit. Nuntios igitur nostros, nostrum omnium nomine honoris causa ad vos missos, et feriis vestris celebrandis, et aulae illi novae Academicos in usus dedicandae, multum iuvabit ipsos interesse. Nos interim Collegio vestro insigni, Universitatis quoque nomine iamdudum dignissimo, per saecula plurima etiam in posterum omnia prospera exoptabimus. Valete. Datum Cantabrigiae Idibus Februariis A.S. MCMIL ADDRESSES. 109 St. Andrews Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi APUD MaNCUNIENSES Salvere iubet Universitas Sancti Andreae apud Scotos. no quidem cum gaudio litteras vestras accepimus quibus eertiores sumus facti vos diem festum agere, gaudiique vestri participes fieri a vobis comiter invitati summo studio volumus. Quare ad vos mittimus delegatos qui vobis animum nostrum erga vos declarent, quos amice missos amice ut excipiatis oramus. Valete. Jacobus Donaldson, LL.D. Vice Cancellarius. Ad Sancti Andreae apud Scotos, Kal. Jan. MCMII. 110 ADDRESSES. Glasgow. COLLEGIVM OWENSE APVD MaNCVNIENSES Sal verb Ivbet Vntversitas Glasgvensis. Gratissimum vero nobis, viri doctissimi, fecistis quod in partem vestri gaudii iubilaeas f erias celebrantium Yniversitatem et Collegium nostrum adbibere voluistis, necessitudinisque inter Collegia nostra tarn arte usque ab initiis vestris coniunctae haud immemores fore existimastis. Quippe arrisimus nascentibus, adolescentes fovimus, et plenis iam annis ad maturitatem pervenisse gaudemus; tantosque tantuli temporis et in litteris et in scientia admirati profectus, summis vos laudibus ornare et eumulare cupimus. Quas nostras gratulationes eo libentius largimur quod nobis anno proximo simili de causa ferian- tibus tarn comiter adfuistis, doetissimeque monuistis similia vos nostris studia in regione simillima exercere; namque et ipsi famam ex fumo peperistis, frontemque Industriae ferrugineam Apollinari laurea circumdedistis. Iuvat etiam recordari quot e doctoribus et discipulis nostris in vestrum gremium excepti sint, quot e professoribus nostris dilectissimis in Academia vestra instituti : quorum unus, eheu ! doctrinis ornatus omnibus, his nuper diebus, ipse nobiscum hisee feriis adfuturus, acerba morte summo omnium desiderio ereptus est. Quocirca non sine aegritudine quadam vestris feriis adsistimus, feriantibusque omnia bona fausta felicia et nunc et in posterum exoptamus. Dabamus Glasguae, Prid. Id. Mart., A.D. MCMII. R. Herbert Story, Praefectus et Vice-Cancellarius. ( SEAL J ADDRESSES. Ill Aberdeen. To the Court of Governors, the Council, and the Senate of the Owens College, Manchester. The Senatus of the University of Aberdeen has the honour of associating itself with other Universities and Learned Societies in offering its most cordial congratulations on the events which make the year 1902 an Annus Mirabilis in the history of Owens College. Jubilee celebrations invite restrospect. The foundation of a college in the heart of a busy manufacturing and commercial city, fifty years ago, illustrated the widening range of thought in the nineteenth century as to the relations of higher academical instruction to the social and industrial developments of the country. The Senatus shares in your satisfaction on account of the remarkable prosperity of the College during the five past decades. Having regard to the eminence of those who have filled its Chairs; to the service which it has rendered in the cultivation of the liberal Arts, and the applications of Science; to the grateful appreciation of its benefits evidenced by the ever-increasing number of Students; and to the public confidence and esteem which the sense of its utility has inspired; the Northern University, whose record extends back over more than four centuries, recognises, in the College, a worthy constituent of the Republic of Letters, a younger sister whose attainment, already great, is the promise of still greater things. The Whitworth Hall, whose opening is a conspicuous feature of your days of rejoicing, is a noble expression of the enlightened liberality by which the interests of Education have, in recent years, been furthered. The Senatus is assured that your College will make full use of the scope for expansions of study which the New Hall will afford. The Senatus has appointed the Principal of the University and 112 ADDRESSES. two of its members, Professors Trail and Cash, to present this Address, and to convey its warm and friendly greetings. Its sanguine expectation is that, as an Institution for the promotion of research, the pursuit of knowledge, and the ascertainment of truth, Owens College will not only maintain, but will add to, the achieve- ment of the past. Signed in the name of the Senatus. The University, Aberdeen, March, 1902. ADDRESSES. 113 Edinburgh. COLLEGIO OWENSI APUD MaNCUNIENSES S. P. D. Universitas Academica Edinburgensis. Collegium vestrum, Yiri Doctissimi, neque tanto a nobis locorum intervallo seiunctum est neque fama tarn obscurum neque a privatarum vinculis amicitiarum tarn remotum — quotusquisque enim nostrum est quin aliquem ex vestro coetu noverit, quotusquisque vestrum quin aliquem ex nostro? — ut non iampridem nobis innotuerint et magna eius ac praeclara in educandis adulescentibus merita et ad provehendam scientiam litterasque excolendas quantam quam feliciter navaverit operam. Quoniam igitur iam quinqua- gesimum huius felicitatis annum sollemnibus feriis celebraturi estis, idque non modo non imminutis viribus, sed novis aucti, sed nova spe incensi, nova adeo Aula, quam in usus Academicos vos dedicaturos scribitis, locupletati, hoc vos rogamus atque impense oramus ut multis multorum votis benevolentiaeque indiciis, quae undique ad vos hoc tempore delatum iri confidimus, nostrorum quoque votorum pro salute vestra voluntatisque erga vos nostrae testimonium (quod legati quoque a nobis missi praesentes confirmabunt) adicere liceat. Optamus igitur vobis quae optari possunt optima, ut et discipulorum numero ac sedulitate Collegium vestrum floreat et docentium virtute ac praestantia inclarescat et aedificiorum ac librorum copia quam maxima et commodissima instruatur utque, cum centesimum annum impleverit, neque minus prosperum neque minus strenuum sit neque minus dignum cui a successoribus nostris similis iterum gratulatio, similia vota simili futuri spe perferantur. Yaleatis fausteque ac feliciter has ferias agatis. (Signed) Gtul. Muir, Praefectus. L. J. Grant, Senatus Academici Secretarius. Dabamus Edinburgi Mense Martio MCMII. 114 ADDRESSES. Dublin. Collegium Mancunii sub nomine venerando Owens institutum et iam annos quinquaginta feliciter decursos eelebraturum plurimum salvere iubemus. Spatio temporis brevi in optimam existimationem crevistis, et Angliae partibus septentrionalibus facem illam doctrinae praetulistis, quae diu meridionalibus tantum affulsit. Aedi Universitatis quae augustum nomen Victoriae iactat nos praecipue laetis animis gratulamur qui Elizabethae, alteri inter reginas fastorum Britannicorum decori, ortum debemus. Igitur bos viros doctos adlegamus Jobannem Pentland Mabafty, S.T.P. Guilelmum McNeile Dixon, LL.D. dignos ut speramus qui feriis vestris intersint et nostris verbis fausta omnia vobis comprecentur. Dabamus Dublini mense Febr. MCMII. ADDRESSES. 115 London. TJniversitas Londinensis collegio owensi S. D. P. Fortunatam nobis occasionem litterae vestrae praebuerunt ut antiquam consuetudinem et amicitiam nunc bonis auguriis confirmemus, Collegio Owensi ferias natales celebranti ex animo gratulemur. Quod cum omnibus qui in his studiis versantur gaudio erit, turn nobis potissimum, qui in bac tanta varietate negotiorum hoc strepitu laborum occupati imaginem perfectae disciplinae exprimere conamur, haud nescii vos eandem speciem doctrinae intuentes eundem cursum vobis instituendum proposuisse. Neque enim nos caligine quotidiana oppressi vitam umbratilem laudamus, et vobis illud Pericleum cordi est, " sine mollitie philosophari," ut civitatem vestram omnibus luminibus artium liberalium communitam babeatis. At nos cum Collegio Mancuniensi artissima necessitudine coniunctos esse ipse praesens omni praeconio melius testabitur, quern hodie adlegavimus, amplissimum et ornatissimum virum, scientia naturae et occultarum rerum praestantissimum, Henricum Roscoe, apud nos vice Cancellarii officium gerentem. Cui viros doctissimos adiunximus Arturum Gulielmum Rucker, Thomam Barlow, Gulielmum Paton Ker, qui rite vobis omnia fausta et felicia precentur, domum Owensem in aeternum florere iubeant. Dabamus Londini die XXII°. mensis Januarii, A.S. MDCCCCII . Johannes, Comes de Kimberley, Cancellarius. Henricus E. Roscoe, Pro-Cancellarius. Edwardus Henricus Busk, Praeses Graduatorum Convocatorum. Arturus Gulielmus Rucker, Praefectus. 116 ADDRESSES. Durham. COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TTniVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI apud mancunienses Universitas Dunelmensis S. P. D. Litteras vestras grato admodum animo accepimus : turn quia cordi est gratulari vobis quod per decern lustra praelata ingenuarum artium lampade tutam facilemque alumnis eruditionis viam illustraristis, turn quia nobis tarn fausta occasione utendi et vestri gaudii partem capessendi feeistis copiam. Quam sincero autem animo vobis gratulemur ex ore legati quern hospitio vestro commendamus amplius quam per litteras praedicatum iri speramus. Fortunatum sane ducimus quern ad vos misimus — Josepbum Thomam Fowler, civilis legis doctorem, alumnum nostrum, rerum antiquarum studiosissimum — quippe cui aedificia ista tanta patronorum munificentia exstructa, suo quodque operi aptissime accomodata mirari contigerit, atque in novissimam illam basilicam Josepbo Wbitwortb cognominem principe nostro dilecto praeeunte introire, quae in Meridionali parte aulae Orientem versus sita " Ardua ad Solem " fastigia erigit. Optamus denique ut Collegio vestro in annos fama crescat; ut alumnis accedat numerus ; ut artium et disciplinarum qualiumcunque cultus floreat ; ut f elix f austusque illucescat f estorum dies, et labores vestri per plurima in futurum lustra f ortunentur ! Valete. Dabamus Id. Mart. MCMII. ADDRESSES. 117 Wales. COLLEGIO OWENSI IN UnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI Universitas Cambrensis S. P. D. Gratulamur Yobis, Viri Doctissimi, quod quinquaginta iani annos feliciter emensi, Ferias quod aiunt Iubilaeas estis concelebraturi. Celebrantibus omnia fausta et felicia ominamur et petentibus ut unus e nobis gaudii vestri testis particepsque fiat, nos quippe communium studiorum consuetudine et artioribus quibusdam vinculis consociati eo libentius obsequimur, quod e vobis unus et alter his annis laborum nostrorum in partem vocati maximo cum nostro commodo doctrinam suam usumque impertiverunt. Accedit quod auctor ipse vester conditorque, vir in summa apud posteros observantia reponendus, patre Cambrensi ortus efficit ut nos quasi propinquitate quadam coniuncti vestro gaudio gaudeamus. Legatum igitur nostrum, Procancellarium Universitatis nostrae, Collegio apud Aberystwythiam eundem Praepositum, Thomam Franciseum Roberts benignitati vestrae commendamus. Valete. Dabamus Nonis Martiis. MCMII. At Goleg Owens ym Mhrifysgol Victoria Prifysgol Cymru yn anfon annerch. Llongyfarchwn chwi, wyr dysgedicaf, oblegid cyrhaedd ohonoch yn llwyddiannus derfyn banner can mlynedd, a'ch bod yn awr ar fin dathlu Gwyl eich Jiwbili. Ar yr wyl hon eiddunwn i chwi bob llwyddiant a Uawenydd, ac mewn ateb i'ch cais ar ddyfod un ohonom yn dyst ac yn gyfrannog o'ch hyfrydwch, wele ninau, megis wedi ein cysylltu a chwi yn rhwymyn yr un efrydiau a hefyd ryw rwymau eraill tynnach, o hynny yn barotach yn ufuddhau, drwy fod un neu 118 ADDRESSES. ddau ohonoch yn ystod y blynyddoedd hyn wedi eu galw gennym i ddwyn rhan o'n llafur ni, ac, er em mawr ennill, wedi cyfranu ini o'u dysg a'u profiad. Ymhellach drwy fod eich sefydlydd a'ch sylfaenydd chwi, gwr a deilynga'r parch dyfnaf gan yr oesoedd a ddel, yn fab i dad o Gymro, par hyn ein bod ninnau, yn rhwymyn ein perthynas, yn llawenhau yn eich llawenydd chwi. Gan hynny cyflwynwn Is-Ganghellydd ein Prifysgol a Phrifathraw ein Coleg yn Aberystwyth, sef Thomas Francis Roberts fel ein cenad i'ch inwyneidd-dra chwi. Byddwch wych. Mawrth 7 fed 1902. George P., Cancellarius. ADDRESSES. 119 Birmingham. CONCILIO ET SENATUI COLLEGII OWENSIS IN UnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI APUD MANCUNIENSES S. P. D. Universitas Birminghamensis. Vobis, Collegae Mancunienses, natalem quinquagesimum vestrum in aula ilia nova celebrantibus, qua aedificiorum vestrorum rationi tamquam manus extrema accessit, nomine Academiae nostrae vix e carceribus emissae gratulamur, et pro perpetua salute vestra vota pia nuncupamus. Collegium Owense tamquam sororem maiorem natu et iam adultam salutamus, quae iam inde a medio saeculo undevicesimo scientiarum artiumque fautrix exstitit " vitaiqua lampada tradidit," et omnibus Collegiis hodiernis quae in Anglia eisdem rebus studeant exemplar ad imitandum proposuit. Atque optime de patria nostra communi meruit Universitas Victoriensis, quae, vestra stirpi insita, tria Collegia septentrionalia diversa loco, natura consortia et cognata, in unum quoddam corpus civitatis academicae consociaverit. Gratissimis vos, Collegae Victorienses, animis semper prosequemur, quod et vobis et ceteris Collegiis quae in municipiis hodiernis mercatura et fabrica florentibus scientiarum artiumque cognitionem docendo atque investigando promoveant libertatem academicam vindicavistis. Quidquid in reliquum tempus instat, sive Universitas vestra triformis integra et immota mansura est, sive stirps ista communis trifariam germinabit et subole pulcherrima novarum Universitatum amplificabitur, vobis nos vinculis artissimis amicitiae coniunctos et 120 ADDRESSES. hodie esse gloriamur et semper fore optamus auguramurque. Vivat et vigeat Academia Mancuniensis, atque sui memores alios faciat, ut adhuc fecit, merendo! Datum ad Birmingham et communi sigillo Universitatis obsignatum a. d. VI. Id. Mart. A.S. MCMII. Subscripserunt Charles G. Beale, Vice-Cancellarius. Oliver J. Lodge, Praefectus. Geo. H. Morley, Secretariats. [ SEAL ) ADDRESSES. 121 COLONIES AND INDIA. MacGill, Montreal. COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJnivERSITATE VlCTORIENSI APUD MANCUNIENSES S. P. D. Universitas Macgilliana Monte Begio in Provincia Canadensi sita Quas nuper ad nos, viri doctissimi, dedistis litteras laeto animo accepimus, gratiasque vel maximas agimus quod, ferias celebraturi quas in eum diem indixistis qui Collegii vestri natalis erit quinquage- simus, nos quoque trans Oceanum in partem gaudii vestri vocare voluistis. Ut enim inter omnes qui Britannicum prae se ferunt nomen summa hodie exstat voluntatum, consiliorum, cogitationum consensio, ita scitote non deesse et apud nos qui probe exploratum habeant quantum per hosce quinquaginta annos domi effecerit Academia vestra, et quantam etiam foris sit consecuta laudem, quippe unde velut a felici quadam stirpe provenerit tarn laeta progenies collegiorum, non solum in celeberrimis Angliae urbibus sed etiam Taoduni in regno Scotorum : quorum omnium haec praecipua est laus, quod civibus universis, quoquo loco natis, viam quandam quasi optime munitam patefecerunt ad omnia humanitatis, litterarum, scientiae excolenda studia. Nee vero praeteritos tantum annos prospere peractos vobis gratulamur, sed etiam in futurum fortunam in dies feliciorem exoptamus. Cuius voti interpretem, vestrae voluntati et invitationi libenter obsecuti, mittimus ad vos virum amplissimum, ornatissimum, splendidissimum, Dominum de Strath- cona et Monte Regio, Cancellarium huius Universitatis, qui nunc in principe imperii sede res huius provinciae summa cum omnium 122 ADDRESSES. approbatione administrat, idem et, optime de universa republica in recenti rerum discrimine meritus, dux est et quasi signifer eorum qui diversas Britannici imperii partes artioribus vinculis inter se conexas videre cupiunt. Eum velimus accipiatis ut qui inter omnia vobis fausta precantium voces gravissime possit et ex animo testificari quot bona vestro collegio in futurum et optemus et auguremur. Valete. Scribendo adfuerunt Gulielmus C. Macdonald, e Regentibus. Gulielmus Peterson, LL.D., Primarius. Gualterus Vaughan, Tabularius. Datum Monte Regio Mensis Januarii die XX ma MCMII. ADDRESSES. 123 Melbourne. The University of Melbourne, February 11th, 1902. The Registrar, The Owens College, Manchester. Sir, I am directed by the Council of this University to express its regret that it has been found impracticable to appoint a representative to be the guest of the Owens College on the occasion of its Jubilee celebrations. The Council sends its congratulations to the President and Council of the Owens College, and felicitates them on this interesting event of the history of the College, and on the distinguished position which half a century has enabled it to attain. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, Alexander Sutherland, Registrar. 124 ADDRESSES. Madras. The University of Madras. To His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., LL.D., President of the Owens College, Manchester. As the delegate of the University of Madras, I request permission of your Grace to offer to the President and the Council of the Owens College the congratulations of the University on the celebration of the Jubilee of a College whose history during the fifty years of its existence has been a record of vigorous and uninterrupted growth and of the triumphs of a many-sided activity. The flourishing condition and assured success of the College cannot but be causes of pride and satisfaction as well to the people of Manchester generally as to the distinguished men whose energy and ability have contributed so largely and in so many directions to the attainment of the eminent position occupied by the Owens College in the world of Science and Letters. To the Owens College, through the medium of the writings of some of the distinguished members of its staff, Indian students are under great obligations; and the honoured names of Frankland, Roscoe, and Schorlemmer, of Balfour Stewart, of Milnes Marshall, of Jevons, of Dr. James Bryce, and Dr. A. W. Ward — to mention only the names of an older generation of Professors in the College — are to various sections of the student world in India as familiar as household words. It is therefore appropriate that an Indian University should be allowed to take a share in the present celebrations, and I esteem it a privilege to convey to the President and Council, on behalf of the University of Madras, an expression of our admiration of the splendid work performed by the College in the past, and also of our best wishes for its prosperity in the future. J. B. BlLDERBECK. Fellow of the University of Madras. ADDRESSES. 125 New Zealand. Collegium Owense aptjd Mancunienses Salvere jubet TTntversitas Novo-Zealandiana. Non modico nos affecistis gaudio, viri doctissimi, quod nos quoque vobis festos dies agentibus adesse voluistis. Et quamquam spatiis exclusi iniquis qui nostrae praesumus Academiae non ipsi vobis vocantibus obsequi potuimus, tamen forte fortuna fit ut uni e professoribus nostris, qui rite summos bonores in Universitate vestra olim adeptus est alumnus, nunc cum maxime in animo sit antiquam exquirere matrem. Huic igitur negotium dedimus ut dum in Anglia commoratur vestrum concilium adeat, et verbis nostris omnia fausta precantium vos salvere jubeat. Quern si animo benevolo exceperitis, pergratum nobis feceritis. Nostrae quoque Academiae regnante desideratissima regina Victoria jacta sunt fundamenta; apud nos quoque sera rubens accendit lumina Vesper. Neque auxilii immemores esse debemus quod nobis in studia liberalia incumbentibus, multi e professoribus vestris, praeceptum illud divini Platonis Aa/niradia £yovt££ SiaSwaovmv aXXrjXotc diligenter tenendum rati, egregia animi alacritate tulerunt. Valete. 126 ADDRESSES. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Harvard. To Owens College in Victoria University, From Harvard University in New England. Greeting : Your invitation to take part in the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of your College, lately passed, and in the dedication of a new Hall to the liberal objects of the foundation, was received by our Society with great interest and a lively appreciation of the goodwill which it betokened. An institution founded to cherish the precious heritage of learning and to increase that heritage in a great industrial community represents the true function of learning in the modern world. For ever the servant of truth and of the higher arts, and their defender against the encroachments of sordid interests, it must always, on the other hand, devote its resources to the advance- ment of the public well-being and happiness. For such objects, and for all efforts to attain them, the American universities have a peculiar sympathy ; in your success they take a peculiar satisfaction. It is with great pleasure, therefore, that we have charged William Woodward, Master of Arts, to present the congratulations of Harvard University at your festival, and in our name to bid you God-speed. The President and Fellows of Harvard College by Charles W. Eliot, President. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 28th February, 1902. ADDRESSES. 127 Yale. collegio owensi in TJniversitate Yictoriensi apud mancunienses TJniversitas Yalensis S. P. D. Nos valde paenitet, viri doctissimi, quod vobis Collegii Owensis decimum lustrum exactum celebrantibus legatum e nobis mittere non potiumus. Nihilominus gaudemus vobisque ex animo gratulamur cum Academia vestra per quinquaginta hos annos tanta cum felicitate floruit, speramusque fore ut lampada litterarum scientiarumque quam, quasi cursores, magna cum laude usque adhuc tulistis et ad gloriam vestram et ad generis humani usum beneficiumque perpetuo feratis aliisque tradatis. Arthur Twining Hadley, Praeses. Anson Phelps Stokes, Jr. Scriba. E Novo Portu Connecticunensi a. d. iii Kal. Apriles, MCMIL 128 ADDRESSES. Pennsylvania. Universitas Pennsylvaniensis COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJniVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI APUD MANCUNIENSES S. P. D. Quanta in disciplina universitatum mutatio lustris decern effecta est ! Quantum hodie habent locum ea naturae studia quae quondam non digna putabantur ut liberalibus cum artibus coniungerentur ! Cuius mutationis laus nulli magis est tribuenda collegio quam Collegio Owensi apud Mancunienses ita propter praeceptores et alumnos illustrato. Itaque Universitas Pennsylvaniensis, quae eisdem annis feliciter explevit spem Franklinii sui, viri prudentis- simi, quam semper habuit fovitque ut naturae investigationi magnus daretur locus in cursu academico, dum gratulatur Collegio Owensi de rebus iam gestis praeclarissimis, precatur ut semper opibus auctoritate bonoribus floreat et crescat. Carolus C. Harrison, Praefectua. Jesse Y. Burk, Sigilli Custos. Datum Philadelpbiae, 18 Febr., MCMIL ADDRESSES. 129 Princeton. collegio owensi in vniversitate vlctoriensi apvd mancvnienses Praeses Cvratores Professores Vniversitatis Princetoniensis Salvtem Qvam Plvrimam. Perbenigne qvidem fecistis, viri doctissimi Mancvnienses, qvod per litteras hvmaniter conscriptas nos qvoqve trans mare oceanvm dissociabilem commorantes ad societatem feriarvm vestrarvm mox agendarvm voeavistis. Speramvs porro fore vt aliqvis e nostro ordine Academico delegatvs vobis adsit vicarivs, qvi ea qva par sit benevolentia vsvs lavdis vestrae gratvlationes nostras praesens nvntiet. Anno illvstri ivbilaei vestri redeant precamvr Man- cvnienses doctissimi beneqve de repvblica scientiarvm meriti in possessiones svas et has avctiores. Qvibvs votis precibvsqve vos qvinqvaginta annis magnvm diem propediem impositvros laeti hilaresqve consalvtamvs omnes. Datvm in avla Nassovica Kal. Febr. MCMII. Franciscus L. Patton, Praeses. 130 ADDRESSES. Columbia, New York. Praeses et Curatores Universitatis Columbiae in Urbe Novo Eboraco Praesidi et Professoribus Collegii Owensis in TJniversitate Victoriensi apud mancunienses s. r. d. Summa cum delectatione audivimus edocti vestris litteris amicos et magistros Collegii Owensis apud Mancunienses natalem eius quinquagesimum sollemnibus celebraturos nos quoque feriarum laetabilium participes iam esse voluisse. Quod testimonium insigne vestrae erga nos benevolentiae pergrato animo notavimus, sed obstat distantia locorum quin boc praesertim anni tempore legatum e nostro coetu Mancunium mittamus. Nibilominus, quia diem ilium quo Collegium Owense auspiciis secundis alterum semisaeculum incipiet non solum vobis sed fautoribus scientiarum artiumque liberalium perlaetum omnibus oportet esse, nos vobiscum amore studiorum intime coniuncti hasce litteras gratulatorias iam dedimus ut Columbianos quamvis absentes suo gaudio gaudere Mancuniensibus persuasum sit. Vobis igitur, viri clarissimi atque amplissimi, vestraeque academiae perillustri, ex animo precamur ut fausta feliciaque sicut antea semper omnia contingant. Datum Novi Eboraci Kal. Jan. MDCCCCII. Nicholas Murray Butler, Ph.D., LL.D., Praeses. ( SEAL j ADDRESSES. 131 Cornell. To Owens College in Victoria University, Manchester. Cornell University sends greetings and congratulations on the half century's honourable achievements of Owens College in the republic of science and letters with cordial good wishes for a continuation of prosperity in the new era on which the College is entering. Will Owens College kindly accept these felicitations in writing, as it is not practicable at this date in the academic year for Cornell University to send a special representative to Manchester to attend the celebrations? J. G. Schurman, President. Ithaca, New York, January 29th, 1902. ( SEAL J 132 ADDRESSES. California. Senatus Academicus Universitatis Californiensis COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI Salutem Plurimam. Cum ad nos invitatio pergrata venisset, ut vobiscum gaudia iniremus, misimus socium nostrum, Fredericum Slate, Scientiae Baccalaureum, Physicorum in nostra TJniversitate Professorem, ut ipse gratulationes nostras ad vos adferret a. d. IV Id. Mart, hoc anno. Universitas nostra quoque est in numero iuniorum, tamen vis et robur etiam in iuvenibus multum adsunt; qua re hoc communi vinculo coniuncti et vos et nos ad maiora procedamus. Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Universitatis Rector. Berkleiae, a. d. Id. Ian. MCMII. ADDRESSES. 133 Johns Hopkins. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. The President and Faculty of the Johns Hopkins University, in acknowledging, with sincere appreciation, the honour of an invitation to participate in the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Owens College, extend to the President and the Court of Governors their hearty congratulations upon the completion of this period of distinguished usefulness, and express their especial regret that it is found impracticable to signify, by the presence of a delegate, the high regard of this University for an institution so well known for its services to education and for its contributions to science and letters. Ira Remsen, President. 31 January, 1902. 134 ADDRESSES. Western Reserve, Ohio. Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi apud mancunienses Salvere iubet Universitas Reservationis Occidentalis. Vobis ex animo gratulamus quod decern lustra vitae academicae complevistis, atque incrementum magnum utilitatis honorisque per annos futuros. Ex invitatione vestra Henricum Eldridge Bourne, historiae professorem, legatum huius Universitatis rite statuimus. Charles F. Thwing, Praeses. Clevelandi Ohioensis, a. d. VII. Kal. Jan. MCMI. ADDRESSES. 135 AUSTRIA— HUNGARY. German University of Prague. [Telegram.] Die prager deutsche Universitat sendet zur morgigen Feier die warinsten Gliickwxinsche und Griisse. Rektor, Wieser. 136 ADDRESSES. Czech University of Prague. [Telegram.] Rector et Senatus Caes. Reg. CaroloFerdinandeae Litterarum TTniversitatis Bohemicae Pragensis dum ex animo laetantur quod Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi apud Mancunienses decimum lustrum complevit et celebrat, praesidi collegii huius ac omnibus professoribus petere sese atque optare hisce nuntiant ut ea ipsa academia in dies magis crescat et noreat ad largum scientiae fructum. Sykora, Rector. ADDRESSES. 137 Vienna. Wien, 18 Febr. 1902. An Das Owens College, Manchester. Im Marz d. J. wird die dortige Universitat das 10 Lustrum ihres Bestandes feiern. Die Wiener Universitat welcher Sie bei diesem Anlassen zu gedanken so freundlich waren nimmt lebhaften und regen Antheil an dieser schonen Feier und erlaubt sich zu derselben durch mich als derzeitigen Rector ihre aufrichtigsten und herzlichsten Wiinsche fur das Gedeihen und die Fortentwicklung dieser hochgeschatzten und beriihmt gewordenen Schwester Universitat zu ubermitteln. Der Eektor der K. Universitat J. Schipper. 138 ADDRESSES. Budapest. Rector et Senatus Regiae Scientiarum Universitatis hungaricae budapestinensis Praesidi AC Senatui COLLEGII OWENSIS IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI apud Mancunienses Owensis S. P. D. E litteris Vestris, ad Nos perhumaniter datis, haud cum parvo gaudio legimus Vos, a. d. IY. Id. Mart, anni currentis anniversarium fundationis Collegii Yestri quinquagesimuni esse celebraturos. Gratias Yobis agimus, viri praestantissimi, quod hoc nuntio nos quoque ad hanc festivitatem benigne invitaveritis. Quum tarn praegravibus rerum conditionibus non per legatos publice missos gratulationem nostram facere nobis concessum sit, vehementer dolemus. Lubentes itaque Yobis congratulari decrevimus his litteris, quibus, licet absentes, tamen caritatem votaque testari vellemus. Quod reliquum est Y. Nobisque F. P. Jiudapestini in Metropoli Hung, die septinia m. Martii a. D. MCMII. R. Scient. Universitatis h.t. Rector : Thomas de Yecsey, regis. Hung, aulae Consiliarius. Antontus Margitai, Ab epistolis. ADDRESSES. 139 BELGIUM. Liege. Universitas Leodiensis COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI APUD MANCUNIENSES S. D. P. Laeti lubentesque vobis gratulamur, doctissimi viri, collegae carissimi, quod eum diem, quo celeberrima vestra schola ante hos quinquaginta annos nata est, festum acturi estis. Optamus ut ea per omnia saecula, summa doctrina et summa gloria florens, gentis Britannicae dignitati et utilitati serviat! Maria jamdiu transvolavit fama collegiorum vestrorum et Owensis et Eboracensis et ejus, quod dicitur Universitatis, nee quemquam nostratium fugit quantum cum alii viri doctissimi, qui in eis collegiis sunt fueruntve, ad omnium rerum scientiam et cognitionem, turn vero Gulielmus Stanley Jevons ad philosophiam et ad artem publicae rei gerendae, Balfour Stewart ad physicam et meteorologiam, Osborne Reynolds nuperrime ad mechanicam contulerint. Igitur cum ceteris orbis terrarum Universitatibus et virorum doctorum Societatibus ex animi sententia vobis gratulamur; et, quo magis perspiceretur, quae nostra erga vos esset benevolentia, legatum academicum ad vos mittere in animo erat, qui gaudiis caerimoniisque vestris interpres noster interesset, nisi eo ipso tempore, quo ferias jubilaeas agetis, scliolis hie opera danda esset. Quod nos invitavistis, pergratum nobis fecistis; vobis gratias agimus quam maximas et, gratulatione pro decern lustris summo cum honore peractis iterum facta, vos valere jubemus. Senatus academici nomine : Ab epistulis. Rector Universitatis. Eug. Hubert. V. Dwelshauvers-De Hy. 140 ADDRESSES. DENMARK. Copenhagen. Rector Senatusque TTniversitatts Hauniensis COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI APUD MANCUNIENSES S. P. D. Gratissimas Vestras accepimus litteras, quibus nobis nuntiastis Collegium Vestrum, decimo iam lustro completo, a. d. IV Id. Mart, h. a. ferias iubilaeas acturum esse, et nos quoque invitastis, ut unum e nobis legatum mitteremus, qui bis feriis interesset. Vellemus equidem liberalissimae Vestrae invitationi obsequi nobis liceret. Cum autem pluribus de causis fieri non possit, ut coram adsimus, nihil aliud nobis relinquitur, quam ut absentes Collegio Vestro per litteras congratulemur votaque faciamus, ut sempiterna artium optimarum laude floreat. Dabamus Hauniae a. d. IV Non. Mart. a. MDCCCCII. ( SEAL J Vilh. Thomsen, b.t. Rector Universitatis. Jul. Lassen, Referendarius Consistorii. ADDRESSES. 141 FRANCE. Paris. Au College Owens de L'Universite Victoria L'Universite de Paris. Mylord, Messieurs et tres honores Collegues, L'Universite de Paris, la plus vieille des Universites, apporte a votre College, qui est une des plus jeunes ecoles de haute culture, ses felicitations pour l'ceuvre accomplie par lui en un demi-siecle, et ses vceux pour l'avenir. Le College Owens a le rare merite de remplir tous les devoirs et fonctions de l'enseignement superieur; garder l'antique patrimoine des humanites, qui, etant commun aux peuples civilises, est pour eux comme un rappel a la fraternite ; travailler au progres de la science, pour l'honneur de l'intelligence humaine et pour a j outer aux victoires de l'esprit sur la matiere; collaborer a l'ceuvre democratique de l'education populaire. En effet, vous donnez leur part aux humanites, puisque vous formez des lettres et des artistes; vous instruisez des ingenieurs, ces officiers de la guerre pacifique; et, par vos cours du soir, par l'extension universitaire, vous elevez le niveau intellectuel de vos artisans. A ces obligations diverses, les vieilles universites s'efforcent de satisfaire, en se transformant. Yotre College s'est trouve tout d'abord adapte aux besoins des temps nouveaux. II a eu l'heureuse fortune de naitre dans une des capitales de l'industrie moderne, et de s'incorporer si bien en elle que les deux destinees semblent confondues : le College Owens est une grande maison intellectuelle, que seule la reine du coton pouvait, en cinquante annees, porter au point ou nous la voyons aujourd'hui. Mylord, Messieurs et tres honores Collegues, Tout le monde doit vous etre reconnaissant d'avoir prouve, par votre memorable exemple, que les temps sont passes ou Ton pouvait 142 ADDRESSES. scinder en deux parts le champ de l'activite humaine, n'honorer que la manifestation de la pensee speculative ou esthetique, et rejeter a un rang infime les travaux qui etendent chaque jour l'empire de l'homme sur la nature. Laissez-nous a j outer que nous ne saurions oublier, en cette circonstance solennelle, ni les glorieux echanges qui se sont faits au cours des siecles entre les philosophes et penseurs de l'Angleterre et ceux de la France, ni la grande gloire de Manchester, reconnue par tous ceux qui etudient l'histoire de la liberte dans le monde moderne. Liberte politique, liberte economique, liberte religieuse, toutes les libertes, Manchester les a reclamees et fait triompher a leur heure. L'TJniversite de Paris se plait a rendre hommage a ce souvenir. Paris, en Sorbonne, le 5 Mars 1902. Le Vice-Recteur, President du Conseil de l'TJniversite, Greard. Le Secretaire du Conseil, E. Lavisse. ADDRESSES. 143 Lille. Universitati Victoriensi Universitas Insulensis optima vota et gratulationem maximam profert, hoc festo die qui Owensis Collegii quinquaginta ante annos conditi celebratur. Namque mirabile est quanta celeritate primus ille ramus in illustrem Universitatem creverit, quae adeo viget floretque ut antiquas Universitates divitiis adaequet eisque aemuletur in futurum promissis, et eas juvenili laude assequatur. Quamobrem in praeclarissima ilia Universitate Victoriensi insigne exemplum salutamus quo plane demonstratur scientias artesque non modo in veteribus litterarum et sapientiae sedibus vigere posse, sed in recentioribus quoque urbibus, commercio et mercatura occupatissimis adeo feliciter adolescere ut huiusce civitatis Universitas maximum iam nunc ornamentum et decus facta sit. Ex quo splendidissime apparet illos humani animi flores iisdem aeternis exsurgere causis, ubicunque vivunt homines qui sibi iniunctum a diis oflicium, imo nobile gaudium existimant vitam humanam philosophia mitiorem et altiorem, litteris artibusque pulchriorem et ampliorem, scientiis potentiorem et beatiorem efficere. Idcirco inter cuncta ilia quae hue hodie afferuntur vota gratulationesque, nulla sinceriora sunt vota nullae jucundiores gratulationes quam quae ab Universitate Insulensi afferuntur quae ipsa recens et in dedita commercio negotiisque urbe condita, ex Universitatis Victoriensis prosperitate augurium, exemplum, spem et bonum animum sumere potest. Aug. Angelliee. MDCCCCII. 144 ADDRESSES. GERMAN EMPIRE. Heidelberg. Prorector et Senatus Universitatis Ruperto-Carol^e Heidelbergensis Praesidi et Concilio Collegii Owensis in Universitate Victoriensi AI'UD MaNCFNIENSES Salute m. Cum exaudiverimus vos decern lustris feliciter peractis sollemnia agere novamque aulam Academicos in usus dedicare, gaudenti ac lubenti animo recordanmr, quam celeriter Collegium Vestrum egregii civis beneficio vere liberaliter institutum effloruerit doctorum celeberrimorum studio et virtute. Inter quos Henricum Roscoe nominare liceat, quia viri immortalis memoriae Bunseni nostri alumnus atque aemulus conexum effecit gravissimum et gratissimum inter universitates nostras. Nam ad universitatis formam iam ante haec quinque fere lustra vos Vestro iure adspirare potuistis quam etsi intercedentibus aliis non totam solis vobis dari placuit, tamen Vestra maxime opera nova Universitatis Victoriensis species concessa est. Quae quantopere communi usui commodisque urbis comitatus patriae inserviat, crescens in annos numerus cum docentium turn discentium penes vos luculente demonstrat. Itaque speramus fore, ut his temporibus, quibus auri sacra fames turpisque lucri cupido hominumque illiberalium industriosa levitas ubique fere dominari videntur, cum ceteris Academiis vestrum ADDRESSES. 145 quoque collegium tamquam arx existat his periculis propulsandis propagandisque non modo studiis liberalibus verum etiam iustitiae libertati humanitati destinata. Quodsi hoc effeceritis, sollemnia semisaecularia non sine honore et splendore agenda laetiora etiam excipient saecularia. Quod Deus Optimus Maximus bene vertat et felix faustum fortunatumque esse iubeat. Datum Heidelbergae ineunte mense Martio anni MCMII. K 146 ADDRESSES. Wurzburg. Rector atque Senatus Wirceburgensis Owensis Collegii Prafecto atque Proiessoribus S. D. P. Litteris humaniter scriptis nos invitastis, viri amplissimi atque ornatissimi, ut e collegio nostro quempiam mitteremus, qui vestro hospitio exceptus sollemnibus interesset, quae a vobis ad diem, quo ante haec decern lustra collegium vestrum illustre conditum est, celebrandum decreta sunt. Haec invitatio quanto nos honore impertiverit, probe novimus. Ac sane vellemus votis vestris obsequi ; at tantae nos difficultates undique circumveniunt, ut nullam prorsus rationem videamus id quod volumus assequendi. Itaque velimus nobis ignoscatis, quod hasce solas litteras modestas ad vos misimus utpote testes nostrae erga vos propensae voluntatis. Gratulamur igitur vobis ex animo et laetamur vobiscum, quod collegium vestrum nobile, quod statim ab initio vincula rupit, quibus saepe conscientiae libertas obstringitur, decern lustra tarn feliciter peregit, ut egregium locum inter academias Britanniae obtineat. Huius vero dignitatis praestantiam sckola vestra assecuta est, quod, qui in ea docendi munere fungebantur, homines maxime illustres, discipulorum ingenia atque mores ita formabant, ut non pauci eorum postea magnam nominis famam sibi conciliarent. Sed numquam hac institutione iuvenili apud vos magistrorum industria circumscripta erat, ea versabatur quoque in scientia promovenda atque amplificanda, id quod hercle haud facile negotium est in urbe rerum commerciis tarn dedita quam quae maxime. Hac in re cum multi alii excellebant turn maxime Henricus Roscoe, qui artem chemicam miris inventis exornavit atque summa perspicuitate explanavit et Gruilelmus Jevons, qui, qua erat mentis sagacitate, ceconomiam publicam ad rationes ADDRESSES. 147 mathematicas et metaphysicas revocavit et reconditiores leges, quibus pretium rerum subiectum est, egregie exposuit. Quae cum ita sint, spem laetam fovemus vestri collegii gloriam, quam decern peracta lustra stabiliverunt, insequentia ita auctura esse, ut, cum vicesimum lustrum praeterierit, is qui scholae vestrae fata enarraturus est, non possit non dubius haerere, qua ratione magna Collegii Owensis laus sit explicanda atque illustranda. Valete nobisque favete. Wirceburgi Die XII. Mensis Martii MDCCCCII. N. Schanz, h.t. Rector. Balmann, TJniversitatis Syndicus. 148 ADDRESSES. Leipzig; Universitatis litterarum Lipsiensis Rector et Senatus collegii owensis in tjniversitate vlctoriensi Praesidi et Professoribus S. D. P. Instant feriae solemnes, quibus Collegii Vestri praeclara viri egregii liberalitate fundati memoriam quinquagenariam rite celebraturi estis. Atque babetis profecto, quod prima statim semi- saecularia festorum dierum sollemnitate prosequenda Vobis esse putaveritis. Nam Collegium Yestrum professorum in variis disciplinis eximiorum doctrina et acumine singulari ad eum brevi florem evectum est, ut academiarum longe antiquiorum laudem feliciter aequiperaret et ad ampliora universitatis iura merito aspiraret, quae sociatum cum urbium vicinarum collegiis mox impetravit. Itaque quod Yestro Collegio sollemnia iubilaea ex animo gratulamur ac pia vota pro perenni eius flore concipimus, baec vota etiam ad universitatem, quae a Yictoria regina augustissima nomen babet, ita redundant, ut utrique faustissima quaeque laetabundi imprecemur. Dabamus Lipsiae d. IX. m. Martii a. MDCCCCII. Universitatis Lipsiensis h.t. Rector. Dr. Eduardus Sievers. ADDRESSES. 149 Freiburg im Breisgau. Grossherzoglich Badische Universitat Freiburg Akademisches Directorium. Verehrter Herr Praesident ! Zum jubelfeste Ihrer hochschule konnen wir leider einen vertreter nicht entsenden. Urn so herzlicher siiid unsere Gluckwiinsche zu allem, was Ihre hochschule in den funfzig jahren Ihres bestehens geleistet hat, und fur die zukunft. Die grosse geistige gemeinschaft die uns mit England verbindet, ist nicht bloss die einheit der wissenschaf t, der alle gelehrten institute der welt dienen, sondern zugleich auch die blutsverwandtschaft. Und wie unser Goethe auch in England heimisch ist, so ist Ihr Shakespeare der unsrige geworden. Solche bindeglieder ketten uns diesseits und jenseits des kanals fester und dauerhafter an einander, als es im getriebe der tagesinteressen oft erscheinen mag. Das sind bindeglieder fiir die ewigkeit. Und unsere hochschulen huben und driiben sind die pflanzstatten der grossen ideale, die in namen wie Goethe und Shakespeare ausgedriickt sind. Indem wir uns mit Ihrer hochschule eins wissen in der pnege der ideale und in der liebe zur wissenschaft, rufen wir Ihrer hochschule zum jubelfeste zu : Vivat, floreat, crescat! In ergenbenheit. Prof. Fr. Kluge, d.z. prorector der universitat. Freiburg den 1 Februar 1902. 150 ADDRESSES. Munich. Rector et Senatus Universitatis Ludovico-Maximilianeae MONACENSIS AmPLISSIMIS VIRIS Praesidi, Thesaurario, Praeposito Collegii Owensis in Universitate Victoriensi apud mancunienses S. P. D. Litterae Vestrae, quibus natalem diem Collegii Owensis ante hos quinquaginta annos primum aditum litterarum studiosis aperientis celebratum iri annuntiavistis atque ad earn sollemnitatem nos invitavistis magnam nobis attulerunt laetitiam. Cognovimus enim Yos nobiscum consentire omnes omnium gentium humanitate politarum Universitates communi quodam vinculo ita copulatas esse, ut, quidquid uni earum laeti iucundique contigerit, id ceteras quoque suaviter afficere videatur. Quapropter invitationi Vestrae liberali gratissime obsequentes decrevimus, ut legatum mittamus collegam eruditissimum, humanissimum, suavissimum Dr. Hermannum Guilelmum Breymann, Philologiae Neoromanae et Francogallicae Professorem P. 0., qui intersit Vobis sacra semisaecularia sollemniter concelebrantibus laetus laetitiae Vestrae testis, disertus interpres gratulationis nostrae ob studiorum Collegii Owensis per decern lustra prosperitatem, pius nuncupator votorum nostrorum pro Universitatis Vestrae in posterum salute atque incolumitate. Valete. Dabamus Monacbii a. d. XII. Cal. Febr. A. MDCCCCII. Dr. L. Brent ano, h.t. Rector. ADDRESSES. 151 H alle- Wittenberg. Qvod Bonvm Felix Favstvmqve sit Inclvto Collegio Owensi in Vniversitate Victoriensi apvd Mancvnienses Qvod cvm die XII Mensis Martii Anni MDCCCLII. Favstissimis omnibvs institvtvm esset per dimidivra saecvli civitatem M ancvniensem gloria et splendore svo insigniter illvstravit ivventvteni litterarvm stvdiosam egregia doctrina informavit ita vt nobilissimarvm vniversitatvm qvae antiqvitvs nationi Britannicae decori atqve ornamento fvervnt atqve etiamnvnc esse pergvnt lavdem aemvlari atqve aeqviparare havd frvstra videretvr qvare ivre meritoqve iam se accingit ad diem qvo decern lvstra feliciter peregerit sacris sollennibvs rite concelebrandvm neqve vero in hvivs semisaecvli lavdibvs acqviescere ac desidiae se dare in animo habet sed statim hoc cvrsv peracto alivm altiorem ingressvrvm est cvivs stvdii volvntatisqve qvasi signvm pignvsve qvoddam prae se f ert novam avlam per bos ipsos sacrorvm dies vsvi academico aperiendam Sacra Sollennia Semisaecvlaria die XII mensis Martii anni MDCCCCII. rite peragenda Ex Animi Sententia Gratvlantvr fidem volvntatemqve svam testantvr pro perpetva eivs salvte et incolvmitate pia vota nvncvpant favsta felicia fortvnata omnia precantvr Yniversitatis Fridericianae Halensis cvm vltebergensi consociatae Rector et Senatus. herm annus suchier, b.t. rector. 152 ADDRESSES. Jena. [Telegram.] Besten Gliickwunsch entbieten Prorector und Senat der TJniver- sitat Jena. ADDRESSES. 153 Strassburg. Kaiser-Wilhelms -Universitat. Strassburg, den 24, Februar 1902. HoCHGEEHRTE HeRREN ! Mit Dank baben wir Ibre giitige Einladung zur Teilnabme an dem bevorstebenden Jubilauni Ibrer Universitat erbalten. Da wir leider ausser Stande sind, Ibnen durcb den Mund eines Abgesandten personlicb unsere Gluekwiinscbe auszusprecben, so wollen Sie uns gestalten, es scbriftlicb zu tbun. Ibre Universitat ist wie die unserige eine Scbopfung der zweiten Halfte des vorigen Jabrbunderts, und so baben wir mit doppeltem Interesse Kenntnis erbalten von dem rascben Aufscbwung, den Sie genommen, und von den glanzenden Leistungen fur die Wissenscbaft, die in Manchester den Nebel zerteilt baben, der iiber den Niederungen unseres Wissens stebt. Moge Ibre Babn aucb in dem zweiten Halbjabrbundert aulwarts geben; moge es Ibnen vor allem nie feblen an solcben Lebrern und Scbiilern, die gesundes und stetiges Wacbstum einer Universitat verbiirgen, nie aucb an freigebigen, opferwilligen Forderern, wie Sie solcbe bisber gebabt, und an teilnebmenden Freunden, die Ibre Arbeiten und Feiern neidlos und gliickwunscbend begleiten wie die Strassburger Kaiser-Wilbelms-Universitat. Rektor und Senat der Kaiser- Wilbelms-Universitat-Strassburg. Spitta. 154 ADDRESSES. Giessen. Den Leitern und Lehrern des Owens College in Manchester. Entbieten Rector und Senat der Universitat Giessen zur fiinfzigsten Wiederkehr des Stiftungstags aufrichtigen Gliickwunsch, in der gewissen Hoff'nung, dass sich die Hochschule zu Manchester weiter ausgestalten werde und bliihe und wacnse dem Heimatlande zur Ehre, der Menschheit zum Wohl. Im Auftrag der derzeitige Rector. Giessen, 7, Februar 1902. Hansen. ADDRESSES. 155 Kiel. Die Christian -Albrechts-ITntversitat zu Kiel. Begriisst und begliickwiinscht das Owens College zur Feier des Zehnten Lustrums seines Bestehens in Anerkennung und Wiirdigung der grossen Leistungen, durch welche es in diesem Zeitraum die Wissenschaft gefordert hat. Wir gedenken namentlich der wichtigen Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Electricitat, die aus den Mauern des College hervorgegangen sind, und die uns gelehrt haben, dieses allerwarts wirkende Agens nach seiner Masse und Beweglichkeit genauer zu befragen. Mit ganz besonderem Stolze kann das Owens College aucb auf das zuriickschauen, was es auf dem Gebiete der Chemie geleistet bat. Mustergultige Laboratorien sind in ibm entstanden, in denen Unterricbt und Eorschung gleicb vortrefflicb gepflegt werden, und von denen eins scbon durch seinen Namen an die engen Beziebungen erinnert, die zwischen deutscber und engliscber Chemie obwalten. Aber auch dem Gebiete der philosophischen, philologischen und historischen Disciplinen, unter denen wir das Each der National- okonomie besonders hervorheben, ist durch wiirdige und hervorra- gende Vertreter eifrige Pflege zuteil geworden. Wenn auch wissenschaf tliche Bestrebungen und Taten an und fiir sich schon das starke Band bilden, das die Hochschulen der "Welt vereinigt, so freut sich die Christiana-Albertina an diesem Tage doch ganz besonders auch auf personliche Beziehungen hinweisen zu konnen. Wirkt doch heute am Owens College als Lecturer of Botany ein Mann, der seine ersten erfolgreichen Schritte auf akademischem Boden an unserer Universitat gethan bat. Von solchen Empfindungen getragen, naht sich die Christiana- Albertina dem Owens College an seinem Jubilaumstage mit dem Ausdrucke aufrichtigsten Gluckwunsches zu der bisher riihmlichst zuriickgelegten Strecke seines Bestehens und mit herzlichen Wiinschen fiir sein ferneres Gedeihen. Kiel, den 9 Marz 1902. Dr. Hugo Gering, P. P. 0. d. z. Rector. 156 ADDRESSES. Gottingen. Q. B. f. f. s. collegio owensi Nobili Mancuniensium Ornamento Yictoriae Universitatis trigeminae origini et praesidio per decimum iam lustrum laudem scientiae ab urbe industriosa et opulenta quae etiam Daltonis et Joulii urbs est non alienam in sede sua firme stabilitam foventi et illustranti magistrorum praestantia discipulorum sollertia studiorum et laborum celebritate probato adulescenti inter universitates litterarias sed adulto viribus ac virtutc Sacra Semisaecularia Feliciter Agenda ex animo congratulamur solida saecula bonae frugis plena auguramur fausta omnia docentibus discentibusque comprecamur Universitatis Georgiae Augustae Prorector et Senatus. Dabamus Gottingae die YI mensis Februarii MCMII. Dr. Gustav Roethe, h.t. prorector. ( SEAL J ADDRESSES. 157 Erlangen. EUER HOCHWOHLGEBOREN spreche ich im Namen und Auftrag des Akademischen Senats der Friedrich-Alexanders-TJniversitat den verbindlichsten Dank aus fur die gtitige Einladung zu dem Jubelfeste des Collegium Owense. Wenn wir auch nicht in der Lage sind, einen Yertreter unserer Universitiit zu entsenden, so wollen wir doch auch nicht versaumen, mit unserem Danke zugleich die herzlichsten und wiirmsten Gliickwunsche fur das weitere Bliihen und Gedeihen des Collegium Owense zu verbinden. Mit ausgezeichneter Hochachtung habe ich die Ehre zu sein, Euer Hochwohlgeboren sehr ergebener, Wilh. Geiger derzeit Proreetor der Universitat Erlangen. An den Praeses des Owens College, Manchester. 158 ADDRESSES. Berlin. TJnIVERSITATIS LlTTERARIAE FRIDERICAE GrUILELMAE Eector et Senates COLLEGIO OWENSI IN UnIVERSITATE YlCTORIENSI APUD MaNCUNIENSES S. P. D. Quod nos certiores fecistis, Viri praeclarissimi, Collegium Yestrum a. d. IY. Id. Mart. a. MDCCCLI conditum iam id agere ut decern horum lustrorum feliciter peractorum memoriam eodem die huius anni ut par est in societate multorum tarn popularium quam exteroruni sollemniter celebret, laeti nuntium accepimus, utpote qui ita sentiamus instituta excolendae hunianitati et propagandis cognitionis humanae finibus destinata ita inter se naturali quadam neeessitudine contineri ut quicquid uni ex iis prospere accident non possit non gratum esse et acceptum omnibus. Quod vero nos quoque ad eius sollemnitatis partem capiendam liberaliter vocavistis, gratias quidem agimus invitantibus, sed quia non contigit ut e nostris qui sit sensuum nostrorum interpres hoc tempore ad Yos dimittamus, eo impensius has litteras testes esse volumus animi sinceritatis qua licet absentes Yestros dies festos prosequemur Collegio Yestro omnia bona fausta precantes certamque spem concipientes fore ut Fortuna propitia Institutum Yestrum tueatur et augeat meliusque semper in aevum proroget litterarum studiis saluti, Urbi autem Yestrae decori ac laudi. Yalete. Dabamus Berolini D. I. M. Martii A. MDCCCCII. ADDRESSES. 159 Bonn. COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJNIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI APTJD MANCUNIENSES UnIVERSITATIS FrIDERICIAE GiTILELMIAE RhENANAE Rector et Senatus s. D. p. Gratae et acceptae ad nos pervenerunt litterae, quibus et decimum iam lustrum collegium vestrum illustrissimum complevisse nuntia- vistis et ut sollemnibus quae paratis intersimus comiter invitavistis. At cum propter officia et itineris longinquitatem facere non possimus, ut praesentes vobiscum dies festos agamus, tamen congratulantium numero nos deesse noluimus et ad gaudium nostrum nostraque vota declaranda hasce litteras ad vos mittendas curavimus. Etenim ex animi sententia gratulamur lustra tanto cum splendore in studiis peracta, quibus non solum de vestris alumnis, sed etiam, qua necessitudine litterarum scientiarumque studia per totum orbem inter se coniuncta sunt, de omnibus quotquot ilia colunt egregie meruistis, atque vota facimus, ut et in posterum aequali cum honore inter omnes academias excellere nobisque favere pergatis. D. Bonnae Nonis Martiis a. MDCCCCII. (Signed) Ludwig, h.t. Rector. C. Hoffmann, Secretarius Universitatis. 160 ADDRESSES. GREECE. Athens. To 'ASriviim Havtiri(TT{]fitov rtj* 'Oov verity AiSaKrripity Tty \v t£ BiKTtopitoviut^ YlavtiritrTriuiiy 7rapa rote Iv 'AyyXta MayKOwaiotg tv ttocitthv. Ta 7rpo(ncXi}Tijpm ypaufiara a hiriortiXai r\fjuv T}£ia><rar£ tvay^oq KOUicrautvoi rrjv vfitov Xoyiortrra eyto te kcu oi W£p\ ejue ica&riyr}Tai r)Seti)g Trpotrayoptvouev. Koc a<p6cpa ulv IttoSovuev Ka&y\yr\Ti}v Tiva tCjv riutTepwv avrotrt irpbg Vfxag airoaroXov kcu irpiafivv avyyapnaoutvov v/juv eVi ry ayoutvy toprrj iTwriuxpcu kcu Tr)v rjuerepav Trpbg vuag aropyrjv icai aycnrt)v tp/jirivevoovTa, aXXa kcu ttoXXiov tvexa Xoytov Bvv)(tptQ Ian tovto tv T<p TtapovTi. "OStev toiqSs toiq ypufAuaatv avayKr) Trt&o/xtvoi apvovu&ciy kcu rovToiq Tag re huag kcu rag twv avvStfiacrKaXtov (v\ag tvToXy Trig tov TiavtTnaTtifxiov 2vyicX?}TOu airb uiarig KapSiag £v\ou&a. Etq £tti [iriKKTTOv tvScuuov ati icai a.KuaI,ov fig KXebg koX TrpoK07rrjv rb bfiirtpov 'OoiWtov AtSaKTrjptov, vfxug te tcai oi avrb KvfitpviovTeg kcu iv aural dtdaoKOVTtg evdaiuoveg eitjte tov iravra \povov tni ayaSty riov te ypaufxaTMV icai rwv tmtrTiintov. 'O tov ev 'A&tjvcuc 'E&vikou Ilavemarr\[xiov UpvTavig E. K. SAKEAAAPOnOYAOS. Ev 'ASrjvatg Tp SEicary tou fitivbg 'lavovapiov TOV <T(OTt)piOV BTOVg ADDRESSES. 161 ITALY. Bologna. [Telegram.] Universita, Bologna alma madre degli studi associasi plaudente a vostre celebrazioni. Rettore, Puntoni. 162 ADDRESSES. Padua. Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi APUD MaNCUNIENSES Salvere jubet Universitas Patavina. Quod istius praeclari Collegii, viri doctissimi, quinquagesimum diem natalem agitis, nos imprimis laetari decet, qui ordini vetustissimae Universitatis adscripti, quam multa fere obsint novam constituentibus studiorum sedem, iampridem experti sciamus. Quondam igitur tarn breve aevi spatium tale incrementum Vestro Collegio attulit, ut iam cum ceteris Britanniae Athenaeis toto orbe perillustribus merito comparetur, Vobis vehementer gratulamur et favemus. Existimate nos, quamvis non praesentes, animis tamen quodammodo istis feriis interesse ac vota facere ut tarn prosperis inceptis maiora etaim ac splendidiora in posterum respondeant. Patavii a. d. VI Id. Mart. A.S. MCMII. Vict. Polacco, in Universitate Patavina Ordinis Jctorum Decanus et Pro Rector. ADDRESSES. 163 Rome. Yalenttnus Cerrutt E. Lycei Magni Romani Magister Summtjs Doctoribus Alumnisque CONLEGII OWENSIS MaNCTJNII IN UnIVERSITATE StUDIORUM YlCTORIENSI CONSTITUTT SUIS CONLEGARUMQUE VERBIS S. D. Quod Vos, Viri Clarissimi, Vosque, optimae spei Adolescentes, IY. Id. proxime instantis Mart. L. ab institutione Conlegii vestri annum sollemniter concelebraturos nuncfatis, nosque geniali festo per legatum nostrum adesse humanissime contenditis; id coetui nostro universo pergratum acceptumque accidit. Siquidem bonarum artium studiosis nihil tarn probatum optatumque usuvenire potest, quam sapientum inceptis favere, deque amplioribus disciplinarum quaruni- quaque incrementis publice vehementerque gaudere. Qua propter Yobis, Yiri Clarissimi, Yobisque, optimae spei Adolescentes, de indicto nunciato festo gratulantes, gratesque agentes, turn Nos ex animo quinquagenariae proximae laetitiae vestrae adfuturos, turn per 01. Yirum Henricum Roscoe, qui nuius modi Munus libentissime suscipere assensus est, Romani Athenaei nostri praesentiam testaturos significamus. Yalete. XY. Kal. Mart. A. MDCCCCII. 164 ADDRESSES. JAPAN. Tokio. [Telegram.] Cordial congratulations Jubilee celebrations. — Tokio University. ADDRESSES. 165 NETHERLANDS. Leyden. COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TTnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI apud mancunienses Universitatis Lugduno Batavae Senatus. S. P. D. Quod nos ut Vobiscum una ferias celebraremus, quas propter exactum decimum lustrum in a. d. IV Id. Martii paratis, invitastis, agnoscimus humanitatem Vestram. Sed — cum summo nostro dolore nobis illud est declarandum — temporum conditio nos ipsos per legatum adesse feriis Yestris vetat. At non vetamur proloqui nobis tamquam fratribus cordi esse rem ipsam, quae Vobis laetitiae praebet occasionem. Mancinii enim nomen illud quam multa loquitur unicuique qui hospes non est in earum rerum historia, quibus recentiore aetate hominum mentes cum ipsam Angliam turn reliquam Europam incolentium agitabantur! In memoriam revocat tempus quo Magna Britannia viam praeibat populis qui quod ipsis persuasum erat quam plurimis persuadere studebant : huinanitati nihil magis esse salutare quam Libertatem. Mancinium qui nominat in mentem ei venit studium illud homines quam maxime vindicandi a magistratum importunitate : agendi, contrahendi, commercii exercendi libertas ei stat ante oculos ; redire eum animo iuvat in tempus illud spei plenum cum optima quaeque exspectabantur a liberi commercii lege, si per totam populorum vitam extenderetur ilia. lam enim praesagiebat nobile pacis artium certamen diro mox illi impositurum certamini finem, quod cruentis geritur armis. At non tarn prospere res cessit : quam multa obstarent non intellexisse videntur homines. Sed quamvis spes frustra fuerit, desperare tamen haudquaquam licet. Immo quotquot sunt hominum 166 ADDRESSES. genera artesque, nullis magis quam illis qui doctrinam colunt pro libertate ilia est pugnandum, licet ea pugna multo quam exspecta- verant gravior sit. Atque viris doctis qui Mancinii in nobilissima ilia urbe habent domicilium in prima hie acie est dimicandum. Quapropter pro Vobis iamiam ferias Yestras celebraturis publica vota sic suscipimus; perstet in certamine, quod proprium sibi sumsit urbs Mancinium, Collegium Owense, semperque memor sit sententiae illius, quam in ore habebat Gulielmus Arausiacus Universitatis nostrae auctor ; " neque ad conandum spe, neque ad perseverandum successu opus est." (Signed) H. van der Hoeven, Rector Magnificus. W. van der Veugt, Actuarius. Lugduni Batavorum mense Decembri anno 1901. ADDRESSES. 167 Utrecht. COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI Quae est apud Mancunienses Saltjtem Dicit quam Plurimam Universitas Ultraiectina. Laeti laetum accepimus nuntium Hancuniensibus esse in animo celebrare memoriam quinquagesimam Collegii Owensis intra moenia urbis suae conditi et discentibus patefacti. Libentissime vobis, viri clarissimi, gratulemur tarn prudens et tarn faustum consilium, quo omnibus apparebit, vetustissimam partem vestri Foederis Academici vitae suae saeculum dimitiatum explevisse. Poenitet nos, quod rationes nostrae non sinunt, nunc, medio studiorum cursu pergente, unum de Senatu nostro legatum mittere, qui vostri gaudii testis vobis pro gratissima invitatione agat gratias nee non sincera vota nuncupet pro salute et flore futuris vostri sodalitii. Quare rogamus, ut litteris vobis satisfacere liceat, quibus omnia bona vobis precamur speramusque ut sol prosperitatis vobis rebusque vostris continuo luceat. A. A. W. Hubrecht, Rector-Hagnificus. Molengraaff, Senatus ab actis. Datum Ultraiecti Kal. Martiis ann. MCMII. ( SEAL J 168 ADDRESSES. Amsterdam. Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi apud mancunienses Salvere iubet Universitas Amstelodamensis. Pergratum nobis accidit, Viri doctissimi, quod ex nostra quoque Universitate legatum vestris feriis interesse cupivistis. Dolemus tamen neminem ex Collegis Amstelodamensibus mense Martio vacare suscipiendo huic nonorifico negotio. Quae igitur vota pro incolumitate et assiduo flore Collegii Owensis libenter nuncupassemus praesentes, ea iam bis litteris perscripta benevolenter, quaesumus, accipiatis non minus sincera et solemnia. d. Amstelodami Kal. Feb. MCMII. P. K. Pel, Rector Magnificus. C. Ph. Sluiter, Senatus ab actis. ( SEAL J ADDRESSES. 169 NORWAY. Christiania. COLLEGIO OWENSI IN UnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI APUD MaNCUNIENSES S. P. D. Universitatis Regiae Fridericianae Senatus. Literas Vestras, a. d. XI. Kal. Decemb. superiori anno datas, quibus indicastis, semisecularia sollemnia Collegii Vestri a. d. IV. Id. Mart, esse celebranda, laeto animo accepimus. Omnes enim academiae, quae liberalibus artibus excolendis promovendisque operam navent, amore sororio quodam semper cobaerent et firmis operam ravent, amore sororio quodam semper cobaerent et firmis inter se vinculis continentur. Hue accedit, quod inter populos nostros non solum viciniae, sed etiam sanguinis affinitate antiquitus coniunctos, plurima semper fuere commercia, minori potissimum nationi et salubria et maximi momenti. lure ecclesia nostra filia Anglicae vocata est, et per multa quoque saecula et rempublicam et instituta et literas Magnae Britanniae mirabundi merito suspexere nostrates. Quocirca prospera vobis incrementa optimosque successus merito congratulantes, ex pia animi sententia vota nuncupamus, ut collegio Vestro semper benedicat Deus Optimus Maximus vosque continua benignitate protegat et complectatur. Mancuniensium, viri praestantissimi, qui uni e professoribus nostris inter solemnia hospitium praestare voluerunt, benevolentiam bumanitatemque grati agnoscimus. Pergratum sane nobis fuisset, si 170 ADDRESSES. collegam quempiam ad vos ablegare potuissemus, id quod tanien hac occasione non licuit. Valete! Dabamus Christianiae Kalendis Mart. MCMII. W. E. Brogger, Senatus Academici Praeses. Dec. fac. math.-ph.ys. S. Michelet, Dec. fac. theol. B. Morgenstierne, Dec. fac jur. E. Poulsson, Dec. fac. med. Yngvar Nielsen, Dec. fac. hist.-philos. Chr. Aug. Orland, Secretariats universitatis. ADDRESSES. 171 PORTUGAL. Coimbra. Rector, Senatus et Praeceptores Universitatis Conimbrigensis Praesidi et Praeceptoribus COLLEGII OWENSIS IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI apld Mancunjenses Viris Amplissimis S. P. D. Humanissimas vestras literas, Viri doctissimi, nuperrime allatas singulari cum voluptate perlegimus : in quibus insigneui erga Academiam nostram Collegii Owensis benevolentiam agnovimus. Sed est cur vobis gratulemur inprimis; siquidem iam ornatissimo Collegio vestro contigit, ut annum quinquagesimum, florentibus optimarum artium studiis, feliciter expleret. Quod vero eius natalem hoc mense solemniter celebraturi, congredientibus auspicato viris eruditissimis, gaudia vestra nobiscum etiam communicata voluistis, laetamur maximopere, gratiasque immortales habemus. Ceterum, hoc tempore ita scholarum occupationibus premimur et obligamur, ut lectionum tradendarum abrumpere seriem nemini doctorum liceat : quapropter nequimus aliquem e coetu nostro deligere, qui consessum vestrum amplissimum petat, hospitioque peramanter oblato perfruatur: quo quidem honore Academiae huic nihil foret incundius. Quod superest, Yiri sapientissimi, vobis Collegioque vestro omnia fausta et fortunata, Deo favente, exoptamus in multa quinquennia. Yalete. Dr. Antonifs Josephus Goncalvez Glimaraes, Pro-rector. Dat. Conimbrigae, a. d. IV. Non. Mart. A.D. MCMII. 172 ADDRESSES. RUSSIA. Helsingfors. Illustrissimo Praesidi et Viris Doctissimis qtji COLLEGIO OWENSI IN ITnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI apud Mancunienses praepositi sunt S. P. D. Universitas litterarum Helsingforsiensis. Sollenne quinquaginta annorum in Collegio Owensi celebraturi quoniam Yos qui ei praeestis, viri celeberrimi, nostram Academiam iUius laetitiae participem esse voluistis, veras agimus Vobis gratias et ex initiis, quae tarn clara brevi temporis spatio posuistis, speramus fore ut magis magisque Universitas Vestra crescat et communem artium ingenuarum laudem augeat patriaeque Vestrae amplificet gloriam. Hoc vero suum propriumque lumen babet atque babebit Vestra Academia quod in tarn multiplici omnium gentium commeatu et in tarn corroborato atque immenso rerum omnium commercio tantum abest ut ab altioribus studiis abhorreatis, ut non solum mundi leges Yobis investigandas esse, sed omne ingenii nuniani opus excolendum censeatis. Itaque " arduus ad solem " constet sibi animus Vester ; sic insigni semper vigens virtute Collegium Owense et cuncta Universitas Victoriensis simul fovebitis summam et doctrinam et bumanitatem. In nomine Senatus Iniperialis Universitatis Alexandreae. E. R. Hjelt. D. Helsinforsiae Idibus Februariis A. MCMII. ADDRESSES. 173 Moscow. [Telegram.] L'TJniversite Imperiale de Moscou a recu avec reconnaissance Finvitation de l'Owens College et lui addresse ses felicitations sinceres pour son activite feconde pendant ces cinquante ans ecoules, en faisant des voeux non moins sinceres pour que l'institution de Manchester puisse celebrer encore a l'avenir de nombreux jubiles en rhonneur de la science. Recteur, A. Tikhomiroff. 174 ADDRESSES. SWEDEN. Upsala. [Telegram.] The University of Upsala begs to offer the Owens College its best wishes and cordial congratulations on the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the College, in the name of the Senate. Olof IIammarsten, Rector of Upsala University. ADDRESSES. 175 Lund. Q. D. O. M. B. V. Universitas Regia Carolina Lundensis Praesidi Sociisque COLLEGII OWENSIS IN TJnIVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI APUD MaNCUNIENSES s. r. d. Litteras vestras, viri doctissimi, quibus nos ad solennia vestra semisaecularia celebranda invitastis, gratissimo animo accepimus. Sed nos longa via et assiduus labor hums temporis probibent, ne legatum intra nos ipsos electum mittamus. Hac tamen epistola vobis propter lustra decern feliciter iam peracta animo sincero gratulamur. Fas est sperare fore ut Collegium vestrum labore praeceptorum et discipulorum, munificentia civium, ut mos est Anglorum, auctum per aetates longas innumerabilibus adolescentium catervis eruditionem doctrinamque tradat atque hoc modo imperium Britannicum in fines orbis terrarum proferat. Vivat, vigeat, floreat Collegium Owense in Universitate Yictoriensi apud Mancunienses. Dabamus Lundae a. d. II. Id. Febr. MCMII. Magnus Bliz. Rector Universitatis Lundensis. 176 ADDRESSES. Stockholm. Rector et Senatus TJniversitatis Holmiensis Praesidi et Senatui Collegisque Omnibus Collegii Owens Manchesteriensis. s. P. D. Jucundissimae nobis fuerunt literae a Vobis missae, quibus ad memoriam conditi ante quinquaginta annos Collegii Vestri nobilissimi Vobiscum celebrandam aedificiumque Collegii novum splendidumque inaugurandum nos quoque voluistis invitare. Urbem Vestram decus esse Britanniae non solum propter industriam laboriosam civium et multitudinem opum, verum etiam propter splendorem literarum et artium liberalium iam olim clarum et per haec decennia magnifice a Vobis auctum, quis ignorat? Cuius lumina totum per orbem elucentia Nos quoque communi Yobiscum pietate admiramur, inter quae prominent Joannes Dalton et Jacobus Joule, inter omnes, qui naturam pervestigare et in chemicis et physicis artibus elaborare student, immortali semper laude prosequendi, et Ricardus ille Cobden, inter viros rei publicae administrandae peritos perillustris, libertatis et salutis communis studiosissimus. Domum illam, ubi liabitaverat inclitus hie vir primam sedem praebuisse audivimus Collegio Yestro quod nunc ab alio viro nobili et liberali aedificium magnificentius dono accepit. Tanti nominis omen faustum egregie accepistis, quippe qui libertatis semper defensores et propugnatores tenebrarum- que inexorabiles inimici fueritis. Quam famam in literis omnium generum per L hos annos — tarn exiguum in vita gentium et populorum tempus — Vobis iam compara- vistis maximam quotidieque comparatis, earn ut feliciter conservetis glorioseque per futuras aetates promoveatis piis ac sinceris votis exoptamus, cuius pietatis et voti testes hasce literas esse voluimus. Valete. SVANTE ArRHENIUS, Rector TJniversitatis Holmiensis, Senatus Academici Praeses. ADDRESSES. 177 SWITZERLAND. Basel. COLLEGIO OWENSI IN TJniVERSITATE VlCTORIENSI APUD MaNCUNIENSES Universitatis Basiliensis Profes sores s. Summo gaudio, collegse doctissimi humanissimique, ex Vestris litteris nuper receptis didicimus, collegium Yestrum decimo lustro finito a. d. IV. Id. Mart, sollemnia celebraturum esse fautorum collegarum amicorum magna cum caterva. Quibus quod nemo nostrum possit interesse, quantopere doleamus scitis iamiam ex litteris nuper ad Vos datis iterumque hodie repetimus, scholis impediti medioque in labore versati. Veterrima enim nostra Helvetorum Universitas libenter mississet qui gratularentur primos quinquaginta annos feliciter peractos Anglicorum Collegio fere novissimo. Feliciter sane peregit Owense collegium decern hsec lustra. Quot viri doctissimi convenerunt qui docerent, quot qui discerent adulescentes studiosissimi. Quot inventis professores illustres illustris collegii scientiam auxerunt, gloriam comparaverunt Universitati sibique. Quot semina quot discipulorum inseveritis animis, quot quanti fructus sint inter paucos hosce annos inde orti, quis censeat? quis pendat ? Eadem Vobis est docendi ratio, quserendi eadem. Atque nobiscum Yos sentire libenter accipimus, non nisi sapientise semper studiosum bene docere posse studiosos. Ex matre enim eadem orta est utraque Universitas, ex Atbeniensi scilicet prima ilia Academia, eundemque colimus HPQA KTI2THN Platonem, MAIEYT1KH2 TEXNH2 inter- M 178 ADDRESSES. pretem incomparabilem, pium sacrumque sacerdotem EPfiTOS TOY KAAOY. Qua ex opinione multa Vestro collegio nova lustra yte saecula felicia augurati ex animi sententia optamus ut ultra maneat Vobis hie bonarum scientiarum flagrantissimus amor vere academicus coniun- gatque magistros cum discipulis semper amice. Valete. Datum BasilesD Kalendis Martiis. Subscripsit Universitatis Basiliensis, h.t. rector. Prof. Fritz Fleiner. ADDRESSES. 179 Zurich. Universitatis Turicensis Rector et Senatus COLLEGIS HUMANISSIMIS MaNCUNIENSIBUS. S. D. Quo laetior nobis nuntius advenit, a. d. IV. Id. Mart. A.S. MCMII decern lustra esse circumacta, ex quo Collegium Owense in Universitate Victoriensi conditum esset vosque ad eum diem concelebrandum ea qua uti soletis urbanitate unum e nobis quoque invitasse, eo molestius ferimus, quod tanto spatio negotiisque impediti legatum mittere nequimus. Id autem volumus, ut pro certo habeatis, nos benevolenter lubenterque lustra feliciter peracta congratulari atque hoc votum pie suscipere, ut in posterum quoque propitio numine vobis Deus adesse velit. Turici a. d. VII Kal. Jan. MCMII. [ SEAL J 180 ADDRESSES. Bern. Rector et Senatus Universitatis litterarum Bernensis COLLEGIO OWENSI QUOD EST IN UnIVERSITATE YlCTORIENSI AruD Mancunienses S. P. D. Pergratus nobis advenit nuntius festissimum vos. a. d. IV. Id. Mart. h. a. celebraturos esse diem atque eum quasi duplicem et bifrontem. E-etro enim spectantes laetamini decern lustris Collegio vestro in litterarum cura prosperrimo successu peractis. In posterum autem iidem gratissima futuri proventus spe elati ornatiorem sedem scientiae studiis prospicitis novam aulam inaugurantes. Cuius laetitiae quod nos quoque participes esse voluistis, gaudenti animo ac libenti paremus. Atque cum natalem semisaecularem ex sententia vobis gratulamur, speramus per longissimam annorum seriem in novo quod dedicaturi estis sacello Musis vos studiorum ac doctrinae frugem libaturos esse uberrimam. Valete. Dabamus Bernae a. d. Y. Kal. Mart. a. MCMII. Dr. A. Oncken, h.t. Rector. f SEAL J ADDRESSES. 181 Geneva. Rector Senattjsque Universitatis Genevensis Illustrissimo Praesidi Senatuique Collegii Owensis S. P. D. Gratissimum fuit nobis quod, cum quinquagenariam clarissimi Collegii Yestri nataliciam essetis celebraturi, ut legatione missa ei solemni interessemus amicissime invitavistis. Quam benevolentiae Yestrae significationem quoniam magni, ut par est, f acimus, ex nostro numero virum doctissimum optimeque de herbarum cognitione meritum Rob. Chodat ad vos mittimus, qui Yobis nostro omnium nomine decern lustra cum maximo decore peracta congratuletur, votaque pia perferat quae pro Yestra Collegiique Yestri salute, felicitate, dignitate suscipimus. Yalete. Genevae, Kal. Mart. MCMII. Ernest Martin, Rect. Sherratt & Hughes, Printers and Publishers, 27, St. Ann Street, Manchester. 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. DEC 1-1966 J M 67-%, ^ U> ■preM^ffiT JUL12'67-8Af 1 LOAN DEPT. MAK 2 8 1973 « 7 LD 21A-60m-3,'65 (F2336sl0)476B General Library University of California Berkeley W ' |U