The Library University of California, Los Angeles The gift of Mrs. Cummings, 1963 p"p UNITED SYNAGOGUE. BYE LAWS COiNSTITUENT SYNAGOGUES, PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE: OFFICE : 2, CHARLOTTE STREET, PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON. NOVEMBER, 1881. LONDON : , LEA & CO., PRINTERS, CIRCUS PLACE, LONDON WALL. INTRODUCTION. GREAT SYNAGOGUE. PREFACE TO THE EDITION OP THE LAWS PUBLISHED IN 55171827. " THE Wardens of the Great Synagogue, Duke's Place, presume " that it will neither be deemed irrelevant nor intrusive, if they " seize the opportunity afforded by the publication and distribu- " tion of the newly arranged Code of Laws, to prefix to the same " an account of the early establishment of this Congregation, " together with a cursory detail of its present arrangement, and " of the course pursued by the Officers and Vestry to effect the " objects of their anxious care. " It appears, from the remnant of an ancient manuscript book " of laws and minutes of transactions, still existing among the " documents lying in the Synagogue Chambers, that a meeting " for prayer at least, if not a place specially devoted for Public " Worship, must have been established by the German Jews " prior to the year p"S? 1"JH or 1692 : the Synagogue in Duke's " Place, however, was the first building (excepting that of the " Portuguese Congregation), purposely erected for divine service " after their settlement in this happy realm in the year 1655. " This pious work was effected at the sole expense of MOSES " HART, Esq., a wealthy merchant of that time, the consecration " of which took place on the Eve of the New Year p"D? 2"sn n"~\ "A.M. 5482 or 1722; and, by a codicil to the will of this " religious and generous benefactor, bearing date 1756, the pro- " perty was bequeathed to the Congregation altogether. " In T"3pH or 1767, this Building was repaired, enlarged, and " consecrated. Since that period, however, the community having " greatly increased, the whole was taken down and the present " elegant structure (being twice the size of the former) was " erected in ypn or 1 790 ; toward the expense of which, Mrs. " JUDITH LEVY, the then only surviving daughter of the original " founder, subscribed the sum of 4,000. a2 2095990 IV " The Synagogue thus renewed, is the oldest and most spacious " in London belonging to the German Jews ; besides which, as " the population has increased, several others have since been '' erected ; but, in consequence of its early standing, this of " Duke's Place has always been the principal point whereto the " poor, both resident and foreign, have looked for, and found " relief. At the head of its religious department, we have, at " the present time, the happiness to boast of the superintendence " of the highly-gifted and worthy Dr. SOLOMON HIRSCHEL, " Q.D.C., whose reverend and esteemed father also guided Israel " in this place from the year T"*pn or 1757 to Y'Dpn or 1764; " divine worship is, of course, regularly and devoutly attended " to under his auspices, while the Honorary Officers and Vestry " are zealously employed in the general superintendence, in the " dispensation of charity to the poor, the attention to the sick, " and burial of the dead. Fixed monthly stipends are allotted to " proper objects as well as casual relief administered as occa- " sions arise, and the sums dispensed among the foreign poor " who apply are very considerable, besides a large annual expense " incurred for the distribution of JTIVD for which there always are " an immense number of applicants ; a Physician, Surgeon, and " Apothecary are also engaged to attend in their several depart- ' ments for the benefit of the poor. " Thus are our principal duties, of worship to the Almighty " God, and charity to his creatures, attempted to be fulfilled. " May we find grace in the sight of the Lord, and may he bless " his people ! AMEN. " It must be evident, that an establishment like this, requires " very large funds to effect its purposes ; and the managers have " the satisfaction to declare, that the Congregation has met with " many liberal supporters, and the poor with many generous " friends. Several large sums have been settled in the funds, " and their produce confided to the management of the Vestry " for specific charitable purposes, to be annually distributed ; " and the names of LAZARTJS SIMONS, Esq., ISRAEL ELKIN, " Esq., of Jamaica, and ASHER GOLDSMID, Esq., must, on this " account, be particularly noticed, while the enumeration of the " rest of the generous benefactors to the Congregation, is in this " place impossible ; their names are justly inscribed in golden " letters on the tablets in the synagogue, and their deeds are " registered in Heaven. " Such liberality is as honourable to the donors as it is indis- " pensable to the Congregation, as, but for the generosity of the " public, the Jewish Poor would be very badly provided for ; " parochial relief being principally given in workhouses, our in- " digent brethren are consequently deprived of such assistance ; " and, although in France, Holland, Hamburgh, &c., the law of " the land authorises the Jewish Congregations to levy a rate " on their brethren for their Synagogue establishment and the " maintenance of their poor, the laws of England do not permit " a compulsory tax to be raised by any separate community with- " out a special act of Parliament ; hence, the only resource and " hope of this Congregation rest on the voluntary contributions " of its members, nor is this hope groundless ; for the Jews are " by all acknowledged to be compassionate and charitable, being " fully impressed with the words of scripture : oK 1 ? iixo OJK p ?y pxn mpo jvnx hn vh 3 inn pna 1x1x3 13*3*61 TJy 1 ? Tn*6 IT ns nnan run inn &a >3 b innn 133^ yv " The poor shall never cease out of the land : therefore I " command thee, saying, Thou shalt open wide thine hand unto " thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in thy land. Thou " shalt surely give him, and thine heart shall not be grieved when " thou givest unto him : because that for this thing the Lord thy " God shall bless thee in all thy works, and in all that thou " puttest thine hand unto." J)eut. chap. xv. verses 11 and 10. " The Congregation have hitherto been highly benefited by " the bequests of pious and benevolent persons, among which " may be mentioned those from the late MOSES HART, Esq., " Founder of the Synagogue, ISAAC FRANKS, Esq., AARON " FRANKS, Esq., Dr. SAMUEL DE FALK, LEVY BARENT COHEN, " Esq., JUDAH PHILLIPS, Esq., of Jamaica, DANIEL ELIASON, " Esq., and many others, besides settled funds for peculiar pur- " poses as heretofore mentioned." Extract from the Preface to the Edition of the same Laws, published in 56231863. IN 1854, "there having been no reprint of the Laws since the " years 5587 1827, and many of them then in existence having " been subsequently abrogated, or modified, and several new VI " Laws enacted, the Committee of the Congregation determined " to submit to the consideration of the Vestry the desirability of " a revised code. " Pursuant to a resolution of the Committee, passed at a " Meeting held on the 7th November, 5615 1854, and ratified " by a resolution of the Vestry at a Meeting held on the 23rd " of the same month, a Sub-Committee was appointed to draw " up such revised code. The Sub-Committee was constituted as " follows : " Dr. BARNARD VAN OVEN, " Chairman. " Louis NATHAN, Esq. " LEWIS JACOBS, Esq. SAMUEL MOSES, Esq. JOSHUA ALEXANDER, Esq. SAMPSON SAMUEL, Esq. MAURICE SOLOMON, Esq. " It is only a duty to the memory of the respected Chairman " of the Sub-Committee, to quote the concluding paragraph of " the report in question : " ' The Committee cannot close this Report without recording " ' their grateful appreciation of the eminent services of their " ' esteemed Chairman, Dr. VAN OVEN, who has invariably " ' attended every Meeting, and whose talents, experience, and " ' urbanity, have greatly aided the Committee in their attempt " ' to adequately fulfil the trust confided to them.' " The Sub-Committee, in their Report, state that they com- " menced their labours on the 24th January, 5615 1855, that " they elected the Secretary of the Synagogue, Mr. SIMEON " OPPENHEIM, an Honorary Member, and that his complete " knowledge of the present Laws, and the manner of their " operation, had been of the greatest value to the Sub-Committee " at each step of their proceedings. " The Revised Code was submitted to the consideration of the " Vestry, and underwent the most careful and minute considera- " tion of that body, during a series of Meetings ranging over a " period of nearly three years. With such modifications as were " made by the Vestry, it was then, conformably to Law, sub- " mitted to the consideration of the conjoint body of the Vestry " and forty-two Members, and recommended for their adoption ; " such portions of the same as relate to religious matters having " previously been submitted to the consideration of the Chief " Rabbi, the Rev. Dr. ADLER. Vll " The present revised Code has thus been prepared with much " care ; and is framed not only to meet the requirements of the " present time, but also in strict accordance with those principles " which have hitherto governed the Congregation, and to which " pious reference is made in the original Preface. " It may bo interesting generally to note, how importantly, " since the date of the last promulgated code, the Great Syna- " gogue has advanced in the wide extent of its religious influ- " ences, and in the increased amount of its benefactions ; and " how, by the establishment of a Branch Synagogue in Great " Portland Street, it has been enabled to meet the requirements " of its Members, whom the habits of the present time have " located at a distance from the original building. " In the First Preface, a just and glowing tribute is paid to " the efficiency of the then Chief Rabbi, the late Dr. SOLOMON " HIRSCHEL, yx"r ; and it is a source of the highest gratifica- " tion at the present time to testify how much the Congregation " and the Jewish community at large are indebted for their " spiritual welfare, to the learning, zeal, and ability of the present " Chief Rabbi, the Rev. Dr. N. M. ADLEK ; and it is considered " that this Introduction cannot be better concluded, than by the " expression of the fervent prayer, that, under God's blessing, " the Chief Rabbi may be long spared to continue in the exercise " of his sacred functions ; and, that, under the like blessing, the " Great Synagogue may be enabled adequately to provide for the " religious requirements of its increasing Congregation, so that " the parent Synagogue and its branches may at all times find " that the liberality of their Congregants is keeping pace with " the increasing demand on their financial resources." HAMBRO' SYNAGOGUE. EXTRACT FROM THE INTRODUCTION TO THE EDITION OF THE LAWS PUBLISHED IN 5605-1344. " CONCORD, which is the foundation of social happiness, is only " to be preserved by the adoption of such regulations as are con- " ducive to the general welfare. Vlll " Laws are therefore necessary for the establishment of good " order ; and that the same may be preserved, it is necessary that " we implicitly observe such Laws framed for the support and " benefit of the Congregation. " The inefficiency of Laws to regulate our Congregation has " been long felt by those who have had the management of its " affairs ; for although all those laid down for religious ob- " servances are clearly deduced from sacred sources, yet the " government of Assemblies for the worship of God, requires " certain rules and orders to be followed, in order that the ecceu- " tricity of individuals may not disturb the general harmony. ' Besides the regulations requisite for the procurance of funds " to defray the current expenditure of the establishment, and " charitable dispensations to the poor always attached thereto ; " as it must be evident that an establishment of this description " requires funds to effect its purposes ; and the Managers " have the satisfaction to declare that the Congregation has " met with very liberal supporters, and the poor with many " generous friends. Several sums have been settled in the funds, " and their produce confided to the management of the Committee " for specific charitable purposes, to be annually distributed in " Coals, Great Coats, &c., and the names of E. P. Salomons, Esq. " (who bequeathed the Synagogue to this Congregation), Abra- " ham Salomons, Esq., and Solomon Abrahams, Esq., must on " this account be particularly noticed. While the enumeration of " the rest of the general benefactors to the Congregation is in this " place impossible, their names are justly inscribed in golden " letters on the tablets in the Synagogue. Prayers are read for " the repose of their souls at the specially appointed times, and " their deeds are without doubt registered in Heaven. tram we now rtx- ':.: : ' " And may the words of our mouths and the meditations of our " hearts be acceptable in thy presence, O Lord, who art our " Rock and Redeemer. " Attempts have, however, at various times been made to " supply this want of efficient Laws and Regulations, but from " a variety of causes they have uniformly failed of being " completed." NEW SYNAGOGUE. EXTRACT FROM THE PREFACE TO THE EDITION OF THE LAWS PUBLISHED IN 56121851. " EVERY nation and every community is governed by laws ; they " are requisite for its constitution, the establishing of good order, " and the well-being of society ; the effluxion of time also ren " ders it necessary that there should be occasional alterations and " modifications of those laws, so as to meet the reforms and " improvements which the advancement of our social, moral, and " religious positions demand. " All law originates from intuitive principles of responsibility " to Justice fixed in the Human Mind by DIVINE WISDOM ; the " world is governed by it, whilst every class, every collective " body, and every division of the created universe, has its own " specific Laws, each forming part of a fundamental whole, the " law of morality being one of its chief features. This is a great " principle, by means of which, the world of life attains its pro- " gression it is the axis, upon which the whole of Human " Existence revolves, it is the root from which all the branches " of the Tree of Knowledge spread and extend their influence in " every direction, wherever reason and judgment assist its " sway. " The Law of Morality is undoubtedly coeval with, or had its " origin in, the Mosaic Code, called forth by all the mental " qualifications of our great Lawgiver, from the Divine ideas " implanted by the Creator for the moral and religious guidance " of the whole human race. This Code of Law has continued " in force to the present day, aided by numerous contingent and " tributary forms, harmonizing with the general principles, upon " which they were grafted ; but as time alters the condition of " ail things, so their subsidiary regulations require also some " additional particulars for our government ; and it is for this X " reason, that the Elders of our Congregation, with such Mem- " bers as were willing to undertake the task, were appointed a " Committee, for the revising, amending, and making such " additional Laws, as they should find necessary, for the " protection of good government, and the endeavouring to " preserve intact our Holy Religion, with a strict adherence to " the dispensation of the Law, as written in the sacred volume, " which the Committee have laboured to set forth ; for the obser- " vance, and they trust, for the more efficient regulation of our " pious and worthy Congregation." PREFACE. THE Council of the United Synagogue, in publishing the Laws and Bye -Laws of its Constituent Syna- gogues, considers it desirable to prefix thereto a short summary of the communal organisation which existed prior to its establishment, with a narrative of the proceedings connected with its foundation ; and a sketch of the principal measures which have since occupied its attention. The preface to the Laws of the Great Synagogue, printed above, gives a short account of the foundation of that Synagogue. The Hambro' and New Synagogues were both offshoots from the Great Synagogue, but their in- terests were considered to be so divergent, that originally they declined to be governed, even in spiritual affairs, by the same ecclesiastical authorities. Each Synagogue had its own Rabbinical Chief, exer- cising authority over his own congregants, and en- joying independent jurisdiction. So fearful was each Xll Congregation of the increase of Synagogues, to the injury of its own exchequer, that each Code of Laws contained rigorous provisions against the assemblage of its members in private meetings for prayer, and heavy fines were levied from those who ventured to disregard this prohibitory legislation. The first advance towards conjoint action was effected in 5518 1758, when the Great andHambro' Synagogues appointed one Chief Rabbi, with eccle- siastical jurisdiction over both Congregations. But it was not for many years that any further progress in this direction was attempted. The next recorded endeavour was made by the late Chief Rabbi, the Rev. Dr. Solomon Hirschel. His earnest labours resulted, in the year 5565 1805, in the formation of a compact between the Great, Hambro' and New Synagogues, for the pur- poses of charity. So important did he deem this event, that he presented to each of the contracting bodies a congratulatory ode in Hebrew and English verse. The copy presented to the Great Synagogue, and which is still preserved in its vestry room, states that the presentation was made "to the vestries of the three Synagogues after the adjustment of the differences between them, and their conclusive ar- rangement respecting the united care of the strange poor in London." In the same year another considerable step was taken towards ensuring concerted action among the London Jewish Congregations. There had existed for many years a Committee of the Spanish and Por- tuguese Congregation, charged with the duty of Xlll communicating with the Government on all questions concerning Acts of Parliament and other laws spe- cially affecting the Jews. This Committee, after much discussion, agreed to co-operate with a similar Committee appointed by the Great Synagogue; and in the year 1760 these two sections of British Jews resolved mutually to communicate to each other any public affair which might become known to one of them, and which might interest " the two nations" The next step was in 1.789, when delegates from the Great, Hambro' and New Synagogues attended the meetings of the Portuguese " Deputados," but for the purpose of consultation only. In 1805, however, by the invitation of the Deputies, all the Jewish Congregations of Great Britain were requested to send representatives to join " in all transactions that may concern us as one body." The Board of Deputies, consisting of these representatives, received Parlia- mentary recognition in 1836 for the purpose of certi- fying Secretaries for the Registration of Marriages under the Act passed in that year. The treaty or compact between the three City Ger- man Congregations, already alluded to, continued in force till 5594 1834, when there were published the articles of a new treaty agreed to by the Sub-Com- mittees of the Great, Hambro' and New Synagogues. In this new compact the scope of concerted action was much enlarged, and it was agreed that various communal duties, both religious and charitable, should be discharged in common, the cost of the same being defrayed in the proportions of one moiety by the Great Synagogue, and one-fourth part each by the XIV New and Hambro' Synagogues. Each Synagogue was precluded from accepting as a member anyone attached to either of the other contracting Synago- gues, or even from letting a seat to anyone so attached, and any contributions received, even in- advertently, in violation of this agreement, were to be handed over to the Synagogue to which the con- tributor was considered to belong. An arrangement of this kind, which worked without inconvenience when the congregants of each Syna- gogue were grouped round their respective places of worship, became at times somewhat oppressive when they removed to various parts of the metropolis, and necessarily attended the Synagogues which gradually became established in the districts in which they resided. For example, in the Portland Street Branch of the Great Synagogue, a member of another Syna- gogue could only obtain a seat with the permission of the executive of his own Synagogue, and could not take any part in the management ; while, as regards privileges, he occupied his seat under a totally different tenure to that of his neighbours. An inconvenience still graver than this was felt in the City Synagogues themselves; a majority of the members constituting the Boards of Manage- ment no longer attended the places of worship which they controlled; and the anomaly therefore existed that in the East end of London, where the chief seat of government still remained, the affairs were mainly regulated by gentlemen who did not worship at the sacred buildings to whose wants they ad- ministered ; while, on the other hand, the affairs of XV the Western Branches were regulated from the Central Office in the City. The patience of the members, and the harmony and good feeling of the officers of the various Synagogues, greatly mitigated the effect of the anomalies which, under the altered condition of the Jews as to residence, had arisen from the treaty. It might even have been practicable to uphold that system for a short time longer, but several circumstances combined to impress on the Executives of the Synagogues the expediency of introducing the inevitable change while the majority of the community were still attached to the old reli- gious centres, by ties of allegiance, affection, or inheritance. The most important of these circumstances was the establishment of Synagogues in the extreme west, in the north and in the south of London, and the posi- tion which they assumed : 1. In the extreme west, at Bayswater, the prece- dent of the Portland Street Branch was followed as far as possible ; but, for the first time, it was found necessary to appoint honorary officers and a com- mittee apart from the parent bodies, with limited powers of legislation and of control over the income and expenditure, subject to the veto of the parent Synagogues. The accidental circumstance of the principal members of this Branch Synagogue having seats at the parent Boards, prevented, at the time, any grave inconvenience from this arrangement ; but it was manifest that when this tie lapsed, a natural consequence in the course of years, it would be diffi- cult to reconcile the members of this and of other XVI Synagogues which might hereafter be similarly established, to the fact that being unrepresented at the parent Boards, they would have but a limited control over the administration of the funds which they contributed. 2. In the north of London a Synagogue had been built, the connection of which with the parent Syna- gogues was still more slight than at Bayswater, nothing but a poll tax being contributed to retain membership, and the income and expenditure being totally free from any of the recognised communal burdens borne by the older bodies. 3. In the south of London a Synagogue had been erected which had no connexion whatever with the parent bodies. Nothing was contributed from their funds to the cost of its erection, and though its members were mainly members of the older bodies, they contributed to the latter only just sufficient to retain the right of burial in the Cemeteries. The financial prospect of the parent Synagogues thus gave rise to serious apprehensions. Deprived of the contributions of their wealthier members, who were all leaving them for more favoured districts, the burden of ministering to the various ecclesiastical, religious and charitable requirements incidental to the religion, remained with them, while the means of maintenance visibly diminished, and the ties of alle- giance from their former members became weaker year by year. Even these considerations of membership and finance, important as they had become, might still have been disregarded, if it had been found that the XVII discharge of duties more sacred in their nature was efficiently provided for under the old system, and would be endangered by a new one. But on the contrary, the want of improved administration in the management of the burial grounds, in attendance on the sick and the dying, in the supervision of the poor, and in attention to the requirements of the sanitary and dietary laws, was patent to all who took part in the management of the affairs of the com- munity. Thus it w r ill be seen that every consideration, reli- gious, social and financial, alike pointed to a recon- struction of the bond of union which had hitherto kept the Congregations in some measure together ; it was not therefore surprising that an accidental and undesigned circumstance served to bring about a movement for which every mind appeared so fully prepared. This incident was supplied by the resistance of two members of one of the contracting Synagogues, who having been some years previously inadvertently accepted by another Synagogue, declined to resume the membership of the one to which they had origi- nally belonged. A conference ensued between the Executives of the Great and New Synagogues on the point, and the discussion took the shape not only of redressing the inadvertent breach of treaty which had taken place, but of endeavouring to prevent the pos- sibility of a similar occurrence in the future. With the view of ensuring so desirable a consummation, the Rev. Dr. Nathan M. Adler, Chief Rabbi, suggested to and impressed on the Wardens of the Great Synagogue, b XVHl assembled round his table on the morning of the first day of the Feast of Tabernacles, 5627--1866, the advisability of endeavouring to unite the Con- gregations under one management. The honorary officers of the Great and New Synagogues already delegated, invited the co-operation of the honorary officers of the Hambro' Synagogue, and in the sub- sequent month of November each body of officers submitted to their respective Boards the general question of an amalgamation. These Boards passed resolutions approving the desirability and affirming in substance the principle of an amalgamation, and appointed delegates to confer and prepare a scheme to be submitted to them for approval. Delegates from the Bayswater Synagogue were subsequently invited and appointed ; and after many meetings, extending over some time, a scheme which received the sanction of the Chief Rabbi was pre- pared by the delegates, and recommended by them to the various Synagogues for adoption. The scheme endeavoured to unite the members of the Synagogues generally into one great Congrega- tion, having one common interest, governed by one fundamental code of laws, and capable of embracing every kindred Metropolitan Congregation in one bond of membership, while at the same time strengthening the feeling of local interest and attachment neces- sary for promoting the welfare and success of the several Synagogues. The scheme secured for every member unfettered discretion in the selection of his place of worship, and gave to every seatholder a voice in the election of those who were to perform XIX the services, to control the finances, and to direct the affairs of his synagogue. The scheme underwent some modifications, but all its main features were adopted by the Boards of Management of the Great, Harabro', New and Bays- water Synagogues, and it was submitted for the approval and ratification of the members at General Meetings held at the respective Synagogues on April 19, 56281868. At these meetings the scheme for the Union of the Synagogues was, with certain modifications, approved, and authority was given to the Boards of Management to take the necessary steps for carrying it into effect. Many of the recommendations which were adopted, and especially those proposing to deal with the trusts and endowments of the Constituent Synagogues, required the sanction of the Charity Commission- ers for England and Wales, to whom application was consequently made. After the necessary in- vestigation by the Commissioners, the scheme, translated into legal phraseology, was incorporated in the Seventeenth Report of the Commissioners, dated February 26, 1870, was then presented by them to Parliament, and on the 14th July, 1870, the " Act for Confirming a scheme of the Charity Commis- sioners for the Jewish United Synagogues " (38 and 34 Viet., Ch. cxvi.) received the Royal Assent and became part of the law of the land. The Hebrew title, ^JOE'' fiD3D p"p tnat was feli- citously chosen for the Amalgamated Body, is one fraught with great and solemn reminiscences. It embodies aspirations for unity, harmony, and 62 XX concord in the future, together with recollections of a great, glorious, and imperishable past. May it typify results commensurate with the feelings of which it is the symbol ! In the decade that has elapsed since the foundation of the United Synagogue, many important measures for the amelioration of the religious and social condi- tion of the Community have been adopted, and many additions rendered necessary by its rapid aug- mentation and development have been sanctioned. It may, indeed, be affirmed that in every department of communal life, the awakened attention attracted to communal affairs, and the benefits of a unified and concentrated administration, soon became apparent, as will be amply evidenced by the following short sum- mary of the work of the past few years. At the first meeting of the Council it was resolved to embody in a declaration of trust, equally binding on any Congregations in the Union with the Act of Parliament itself, all those clauses which the Charity Commissioners had eliminated as being un- suitable for parliamentary legislation. These clauses referred to the maintenance of the Chief Kabbi and the Ecclesiastical Board, to the control of the Chief Rabbi over matters connected with the religious administration of the United Synagogue, and to the imposition of pecuniary penalties in certain special cases. The endowments and trusts were soon after placed XXI under the control of a Special Committee, which has efficiently administered the varied and responsible duties entrusted to it, while the distribution of the Synagogue Charity has at the same time been econo- mically and wisely directed under the machinery prescribed by the Act itself. The Council has also assumed the duty previously undertaken by the Committee for the diffusion of Religious knowledge, namely, the visitation of all public institutions containing Jewish inmates, such as Hospi- tals, Prisons, Reformatories, Workhouses, and Lunatic Asylums. This work, which requires much delicacy and tact, is under the superintendance of a Committee specially appointed, and is carried out with great ability and intelligence not only by the ministers of the Constituent Synagogues, but also by ministers of other Metropolitan and Provincial Synagogues, and occasionally by laymen. A special fund was insti- tuted for the relief of discharged patients, prisoners, &c., to which the United Synagogue contributes, and this comprehensive work, which has almost grown to the limits of an ordinary special institution, shows how potent for good a combined and unified adminis- tration can speedily become. The whole of the marriage regulations of the dif- ferent Congregations have been revised and harmo- nised. Facilities have been given for the celebration of marriages at merely nominal rates, and the excuse formerly pleaded for immorality and irregular cele- bration of marriages, namely, the high charge made by the Synagogues, has been entirely removed. Education has not been neglected, The Beth flami- XX11 drash has been affiliated to the United Synagogue, and a competent gentleman appointed to give instruction in Hebrew and Rabbinical Literature in the English language. A considerable sum has been for some years annually voted to the Jews' College for the training of Jewish ministers. Funds at the same o time have been largely contributed towards the erection and foundation of Synagogues in such dis- tricts of London as required them. A new Cemetery has been purchased at the extreme west of London, towards the cost of which large voluntary contri- butions were received, and additional land was purchased for the Cemetery at the extreme east, the cost of which fell exclusively on the Communal funds. At the same time that additions were thus made to the responsibilities of the United Synagogue, and that new properties were acquired in fresh districts, the older Synagogues were not forgotten. In each of the City Synagogues various ground charges existed which have been redeemed, and all the older Syna- gogues have been completely renovated and restored since the Union took place. While the Council thus gave evidence of life and energy, the members of the different Synagogues showed an increasing attention to Communal affairs. The annual elections for Honorary Officers, Repre- sentatives and Committees, evoked a continuous inte- rest on the part of the seatholders ; this awakened vitality led to a desire fora revision of the distinction, which almost from time immemorial had existed among the members of a Synagogue, in their division into two classes, one of which was called DTD XXlll (Privileged Members), and the other ordinary seat- holders. A first but very considerable step in the direction of the abolition of this distinction had been taken, at the time of the establishment of the United Synagogue, in the grant of a voice at all elections to all seatholders of twelve months' tenure, a right pre- viously reserved to Privileged Members only. Ex- perience having proved that the possession of the franchise aided in enlisting general interest in Com- munal objects, while in no degree lowering the cha- racter of the Kepresentatives selected, it was not surprising that the policy of maintaining this distinc- tion should be questioned. At several meetings of some Constituent Synagogues, the maintenance of Privileged membership was attacked, and the Council at length decided on submitting the question of its abolition to a meeting of delegates from all the Synagogues in conference with the Council, in the manner provided by one of the clauses of the scheme. The Council took the opportunity of introducing at this Conference various minor alterations in the scheme which they had deemed to be advisable. The Conference was held on May 24th, 56401880, under the presidency of Sir N. M. de Kothschild, Bart., M.P., the President of the United Synagogue, and it was resolved that " no Privileged Member shall be made " after that date. Due provision was at the same time made for preserving all the existing rights of present Privileged Members, and for their pre- ferential participation in the special Benevolent fund which existed for their benefit. The experience of the change is yet too recent for any authoritative XXIV opinion to be given as to its consequences, but as far as any appearances to the contrary can be discerned, no fears are now entertained as to the result of the effacement of distinctions that had already become shadowy. Under the provisions of the United Synagogues Act, the various Constituent Synagogues continued, after the Union, to .be administered under the same laws and regulations which had previously governed them. These were supplemented from time to time by new laws initiated by the Council, or suggested by the Boards of Management of the different Con- gregations for its sanction. Certain changes were also made, founded upon resolutions of the Council, and the natural operation of the new system at the same time tended to make many of the old laws either obsolete or inoperative. It was at length found indispensable to authorise the preparation of a new Code, embodying the laws then in existence, with the introduction of such changes as might be found desirable. This authority was given by resolution of Council on November 3rd, 1874, and it was deter- mined to proceed in the first instance with the pre- paration of those laws which are denominated in the Act "Bye-laws," and which govern the constitution and proceedings of the Constituent Synagogues, as distinguished from those laws which have no special local significance. It is provided in the Act that these Bye-laws should be submitted by the Boards of Management of the Constituent Synagogues for the approval of the Council. The duty of preparing the Code was entrusted by the Qouncil to the Executive XXV Committee, in conjunction with the Local Boards of Management; but the merit of the detailed work incidental to the composition of the Code must be ascribed to a Sub-committee, which consisted of three Members of the Executive Committee of the United Synagogue, and of two Delegates selected by each Board of Management from its own Members. Mr. Lionel L. Cohen was appointed Chairman of the Delegates, who were engaged for some years in the preparation of their arduous task, which was tem- porarily interrupted while the question of the main- tenance or abolition of the Privileged Membership was under consideration. In this manner the present Code was gradually formulated. When the Bye-laws had been framed by the Delegates, they were transmitted to the respective Boards of Management for their approval and revision, and then finally passed by the Council. The framers had kept in view the exigencies of each Synagogue as embodied in their then existing laws and customs, and where no material principle was involved, it has not been thought necessary to insist on absolute uni- formity of legislation in each Congregation. The framers of the Code have rather endeavoured to secure general harmony, and it will be found that the differences of enactment which exist in the various Synagogues are trivial, and such as will entail no inconvenience on members who may remove from one Synagogue to another. These Bye-laws, "slowly broadening down from precedent to precedent," are not the result of hasty or spasmodic legislation ; they arc the outcome of deliberate growth and of the most XXVI careful consideration of the requirements of the Com- munity. In the preparation of the Code of Laws the Dele- gates were favoured by the able assistance of Mr. Morris S. Oppenheim and of Mr. Algernon E. Sydney, the Hon. Solicitor to the Council ; the legal expe- rience of these gentlemen in the different branches of their profession was of great service to the Delegates, and the labour expended by them, in giving precision to the phraseology of the Laws, and in reconciling their different provisions, merits the warmest appre- ciation. The duty of preparing the present code of Laws for publication was entrusted to Messrs. Lionel L. Cohen, Noah Davis, and Maurice Hart, who were efficiently assisted by Dr. A. Asher, the Secretary to the Council of the United Synagogue. The Delegates had the satisfaction of receiving the sanction of the Rev. the Chief Kabbi, Dr. Nathan Marcus Adler to the work in which they were en- gaged. For thirty-six years Dr. Adler has served the Jewish Community as their spiritual Chief, and it is a source of gratification to repeat in the Preface to these Laws, adapted to the requirements of the United Synagogues, the tribute of veneration, regard and affection paid to Dr. Adler in the Preface to the Laws of the Great Synagogue eighteen years ago. May he long be spared, by the Divine Blessing, to continue in the exercise of his sacred functions ! xxvn This sketch of the circumstances which gradually culminated in the amalgamation of the Synagogues, and which have since characterised the brief history of the United body, would be incomplete did it not record the names of the gentlemen originally appointed by the Synagogues as Delegates for the purpose of preparing the scheme which formed the basis of the United Synagogues' Act. Many of them have not been spared to see the fruition of their labours, while others continue to render to the Con- gregation zealous and invaluable service, advancing the interests of the Community which owes them so much, and of which their talents and public spirit have long constituted them distinguished ornaments. They were as follows : Delegates from the Great Synagogue. Sir Anthony Rothschild, Bart., Messrs. Lionel Louis Cohen, Jacob Waley, M.A., Hyam Leopold Beddington, Joseph Lazarus, Moses Symons, Louis Nathan, Joshua Alexander, Sampson Samuel, Simeon Oppenheirn and Lewis Jacobs. On the death of Mr. Sampson Samuel, Aid. Sir Benjamin S. Phillips was chosen in his stead. Hambro* Synagogue. Messrs. Henry Aaron Isaacs, Moses Van Praagh, Hyam Levy, Isaac A. Boss, Jonas Engel, Moses Solomon Keyser, Joseph M. Isaacs and Lewis Lyons. On the death of Mr. Jonas Engel his son, Mr. Lawrence Engel, was appointed in his stead. New Synagogue. Messrs. Henry Solomon, Philip Salomons, Marcus Samuel, Algernon Edward Sydney, Lawrence Levy, Sampson Lucas, Edward I. Sydney, XXVlll Noah Davis, Alexander Levy, and, on the death of Mr. Philip Salomons, Mr. Solomon Schloss. Bayswater Synagogue. Messrs. Saul Isaac, David Benjamin, Asher H. Hart, Samuel Montagu, Michael Samuel and Joseph Levitt. Mr. Lionel Louis Cohen was unanimously elected Chairman of the Delegates, and Dr. Asher Asher, Secretary. As soon as the Council was constituted in Decem- ber, 1870 its first act was to appoint Sir Anthony Rothschild, Bart., as President, and Messrs. Sampson Lucas and Lionel L. Cohen, Vice-Presidents. Sir Anthony Rothschild continued to serve the Council in that capacity till his lamented death in January, 1876. His kindly and genial bearing, his great ex- perience of Communal affairs, and his deep attach- ment to the Congregations over which he presided, endeared him to all his colleagues, and enabled him with comparative facility to organise that assembly which he had materially helped to call into existence. On his death Mr. Sampson Lucas, Vice-President, was elected President, Sir Nathaniel M. de Roth- schild, Bart., M.P., being appointed one of the Vice- presidents. Unfortunately, after a brief interval of three years, the United Synagogue was again deprived by death of the services of its President, an interval far too short in the interest of the Institution which Mr. Sampson Lucas had zealously served in many capacities, but amply long enough to have secured to him the affectionate regard of the Council over which he had presided. Sir Nathaniel M. de Rothschild, Bart,, M.P., succeeded Mr. Lucas as President, tho XXIX vacant post of Vice-President being filled by the election of Baron Henry de Worms, M.P. Sir Nathaniel de Rothschild continues to fill the office of President, and vies with his predecessors in his attachment to the public service, on which he brings to bear unremitting attention, and the traditional devotion of his family to the advancement of the interests of the Congregation. As the Synagogue is the centre of the spiritual and social life of the Community, and therefore necessarily interwoven with all its religious and domestic affairs, the laws framed for its guidance have necessarily a wide range. Their tendency should be to preserve the traditions of our Holy Religion, to uphold the dignity of the Community and the in- dividuality of the various Synagogues, to place all members impartially on an equal footing, and to promote general concord. It is hoped that the present Code of Eye-laws fulfils these purposes, and that, as the United Synagogue is the expression of the unity and fraternal regard which should prevail among the individuals who in the aggregate form a Congregation, so may these Bye-laws be regarded as an indication of the staofe of religious and social o o progress to which the Community as a whole has advanced. May the blessing of Our Father, so bountifully vouchsafed to His Children throughout their wanderings and dispersions, continue to rest on them, so that the work of their hands may ever redound to His Glory and to their honour. Amen. Heshvan, 5642. November, 1881. UNITED SYNAGOGUE. AT THE PRESENT TIME (5642 1881) THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE CONSISTS OF TEN CONSTITUENT SYNA- GOGUES, NAMELY: THE GREAT, HAMBRO', NEW, CENTRAL, BAISWATER, BORO', ST. JOHN'S WOOD, EAST LONDON, NORTH LONDON, AND WEST END SYNAGOGUES. 1. The present structure of the GREAT SYNAGOGUE was, as described in the foregoing preface to its laws, erected in 5550 1790 on the freehold site of a former Synagogue which bore the same name. A portion of the site, acquired for the reconstruction of the Syna- gogue in 1790, was held from the City of London on lease, renewable for ever on payment of a fine. The freehold of this portion was purchased from the Cor- poration of the City of London by the Council of the United Synagogue in 1874 ; and the whole of the site of the Great Synagogue and its appurtenances is therefore now freehold. The Synagogue contains 507 seats on the ground floor, and 231 in the gallery. 2. The HAMBRO' SYNAGOGUE, Church Eow, Eeri- church Street, in the City of London, was originally founded in the year 54961736. The freehold of XXXI the site and the existing building were bequeathed to the Congregation in the year 1805 by Eleazar Philip Salomons, Esq. The Synagogue contains 255 seats on the ground floor, and 135 in the gallery. 3. The NEW SYNAGOGUE was originally founded in Leadenhall Street in the year 55201760. The foundation stone of the present building in Great St. Helen's, Bishopsgate Street, was laid by the late Chief Rabbi, the Rev. Dr. Solomon Hirschel, on T"Xpn *)"** 'H May 10, 1837, and the Synagogue was consecrated by him on p|"Xpn W?M TD Sept. 13, 1838. The site is freehold. The building contains 410 seats on the ground floor, and 152 in the gallery. 4. The CENTRAL SYNAGOGUE, in Great Portland Street, was erected in lieu of the Branch Synagogue which had been opened in the same street in April, 5015 1855. The site of the present building is leasehold, and expires in 1967. The foundation stone was laid by Baron Lionel de Rothschild, M.P., on tymn pJ "I March 18, 1869, and the Synagogue was consecrated by the Rev. Dr. Nathan M. Adler, Chief Rabbi, on Vin ]D\3 '1 April 7, 1870, exactly one year, by the Hebrew Calendar, from the laying of the foundation stone, which date was also the anniver- sary of the consecration of the Great Synagogue and of its Branch in Great Portland Street. The Central Synagogue contains 461 seats on the ground floor, and 364 in the gallery. The cost, inclusive of the purchase of the leasehold interest, and of the erection of two ministers' houses, was 37,284, of XXX11 which the sum of 22,884 was subscribed by the public, 6,000 was contributed by the United Synagogue, 7,800 was raised on debentures, now liquidated, and 600 was derived from the sale of life seats, etc. 5. The BAYSWATER SYNAGOGUE was founded in 5623 1863 as a branch of the Great and New Syna- gogues. The site is freehold. The foundation stone was laid by the Rev. Dr. Adler, on I'D-iH Tl&n 1" July 10th, 1862, and the Synagogue was consecrated by him on y;nn SN T* July 30th, 18G3. There are 3-11 seats on the ground floor, and 334 in the gallery. The total cost of the Bayswater Synagogue, including site, decoration. and subsequent alterations in!867, was 15,611. Of this amount 7,420 was contributed by the public, 3,000 was provided by the Parent bodies in equal proportions, and interest received on deposit account amounted to 380. The sum of 2,000 was borrowed from a Bank. No debentures were issued. From the opening of the Synagogue in 1863, the annual surplus income, after payment of rates to the Parent Synagogues, was allowed to accumulate, until, in 1870, it amounted to a sufficient sum for liqui- dating the deficit in the Building Account and for repaying the loan from the Bank. The above five Synagogues constituted the United Synagogue at its foundation in 5640 1870. Of the other five Synagogues two have joined the United Synagogue since that date, and three have been founded under its auspices. XXX111 6. The Bono' SYNAGOGUE, the outcome of a private p/b held in the neighbourhood many years ago, was originally founded in St. George' s-road, Southwark. The present building, which contains 206 seats on the ground floor, and 1 14 in the gallery, was consecrated by the Rev. Dr. Adler on TDIfl JD^ '3 April 7, 1867, and the Synagogue joined the United Synagogue in 1873. The site is leasehold, the lease expiring in 1942. The building cost 4,800, de- frayed by voluntary contributions and by a loan from a bank, subsequently repaid out of surplus income. This sum was exclusive of the cost of a school erected in connection with the Synagogue, but now separately administered. 7. The NOKTII LONDON SYNAGOGUE joined the United Synagogue in 1878. The stone on which the Ark rests was laid by Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild on pf^n V?D3 T3 December 24, 1867, the building being then near completion ; and the Synagogue was consecrated by the Rev. Dr. Adler, on rTDIH |D^ "I March 29, 1868, the anniversary by the Hebrew Calendar of the consecration of the Great and Central Synagogues. Its cost was 5,793, of which the sum of 4,183 was defrayed by voluntary contributions, 600 was raised by a loan on debentures, now liquidated, and 1,010 by an advance from the Great Synagogue. The site is leasehold, the lease expiring in 1964. There are 289 seats on the ground floor, and 231 in the gallery. 8. The ST. JOHN'S WOOD SYNAGOGUE, a temporary c XXXIV iron building, was the first Synagogue founded under the auspices of the United Synagogue. The site is freehold. The cost of the site and temporary building was defrayed by voluntary contributions and by a vote of 1,000 made by the Council of the United Synagogue. There are 152 seats for gentlemen, and 90 seats for ladies. Authority for the foundation of the St. John's Wood Synagogue was given at a general meeting of the members of the United Synagogue, held on 13th July, 1876, arid it was consecrated by the Rev. Dr. Adler, on vVin h*h$ m September 17, 5636. The building was opened free from debt. Arrangements are now in progress for the erection of a permanent edifice on the site of the temporary iron structure. 9. The EAST LONDON SYNAGOGUE was erected under the auspices of the United Synagogue, and the founda- tion stone was laid by Mr. Lionel Louis Cohen, on V^n JD'J JO April 17, 1876. The site is freehold, and the Synagogue, which contains 314 seats on the ground floor, and 220 in the gallery, was consecrated by the Rev. Dr. Adler on rWl ]D'J K'* March 25, 1877. The building was opened free from debt; the cost of the building and freehold site was 9,781, of which the sum of 2,000 was provided from the funds of the United Synagogue, and 7,781 raised by public subscription. 10. The WEST END SYNAGOGUE contains accommo- dation for 301 persons on the ground floor, and 278 in the gallery. The meeting of members of the United Synagogue 3 authorising its erection and ad- XXXV mission into the Union, was held on May 10, 1877. The foundation stone was laid by Mr. Leopold de Kothschild, on rVin JVD VD June 7, 1877, and the building was consecrated by the Rev. Dr. Adler on D'VlH ]DO '1 March 30, 1879, the anniversary, by the Hebrew Calendar, of the consecration of the Great, Central and North London Synagogues. The cost, including the site, which will become freehold in about twenty-five years., was 24,980, of which the public contributed the sum of 13,297, 4,000 was provided from the funds of the United Synagogue, 6,500 was borrowed on Debenture, and the sale of life seats, &c., produced 1,183. " UNITED SYNAGOGUE. CHIEF RABBI Rev. Dr. Nathan Marcus Adlcr DAYAN Rev. Bernard Spiers. PRESIDENT. Sir Nathaniel M. De Rothschild, Bart., M.P. VICE-PRESIDENTS. Lionel L. Cohen, Esq. | Baron Henry de Worms, M.P. TREASURERS. David Davis, Esq. | Frederic M. Ilalford, Esq. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR, AND TREASURERS OF THE BEQUESTS AND TRUSTS COMMITTEE. Noah Davis, Esq. | Maurice Hart, Esq. TREASURERS OF THE BURIAL SOCIETY. Joseph Magnus, Esq. | Simon Simons, Esq. LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE. Abrahams, II. A., Esq. Abrahams, S., Esq. Adlcr, Marcus N., Esq. Alex, Ephruim, Esq. Arnholtz, A., Esq. Barnard, Daniel, Esq. Barnctt, Morris, Esq. Beddiugton, A. H., Esq. Beddington, Hyam L., Esq. Beddington, Maurice, Esq. Benjamin, David, Esq. Benjamin, Joseph, Esq. Benjamin, Moss, Esq. Benjamin, M., Ksq. Bent-witch, M., Esq. Berg, Ellis, Esq. Bergtheil, J., Esq. Birnbaum, B., Esq. Bloomfield, R. Z., Esq. Braunstein, N., Esq. Cohen, Arthur B., Esq., Q.C., M.P. Cohen, E. A., Esq. Cohen, G., Esq. Cohen, J. A., Esq. Cohen, Lionel L., Esq. Cohen, Louis, Esq. Cohen, Neville D., Esq. XXXV11 Collins, II. H., Esq. Davidson, Louis, Esq. Davis, Benn, Esq. Davis, Charles, Esq. Davis, Charles, Esq. Davis, David, Esq. Davis, Frederick, Esq. Davis, J., Esq. Davis, M., Esq. Davis, Noah, Esq. Ellis, Sir B. H., K.C.S.I. Engel, Lawrence, Esq. Flatau, A., Esq. Flatau, William, Esq. Franklin, Ellis A., Esq. Fried! ander, Albert, Esq. Goldhill, John, Esq. Graumann, E., Esq. Ilalford, F. M., Esq. Harris, J. M., Esq. Harris, M., Esq. Harris, M., Esq. Harris, Samuel, Esq. Hart, Henry, Esq. Hart, James L., Esq. Hart, Maurice, Esq. Hyam, Lawrence, Esq. Isaac, Saul, Esq. Isaacs, Henry A., Esq. Isaacs, Joseph M., Esq. Israel, Henry A., Esq. Jacobs, D. H., Esq. Jacobs, D. L., Esq. Jacobs, Harris, Esq. Jacobs, John, Esq. Jacobs, Judah, Esq. Jacobs, Mark, Esq. Jacobs, S., Esq. Jonas, J, A., Esq. Joseph, Isaac A., Esq. Joseph, M. S., Esq. Joseph, Nathan S., Esq. Keyser, Ausur, Esq. Lazarus, Henry, Esq. Lazarus, Lewis, Esq Levy, Abraham, Esq. Levy, Alexander, Esq. Levy, Edward A., Esq. Levy, H., Esq. Levy, Lewis, Esq. Levy, Moses, Esq. Lion, A. J., Esq. Lion, Lion, Esq. Lucas, Edward, Esq. Lucas, Henry, Esq. Lyons, Lewis, Esq. Maas, L., Esq. Magnus, Joseph, Esq. Marks, I. M., Esq. Marsden, A. M., Esq. Meyers, Barnett, Esq. Montagu, Samuel, Esq. Moses, Assur H., Esq. Moses, Samuel, Esq. Myers, A. N., Esq. Myers, S., Esq. Nathan, Louis, Esq. Oppenheim, M. S., Esq. Ososki, Louis, Esq. Peartree, Henry, Esq. Phillips, Sir B." S. Phillips, L. H., Esq. Pick, I., Esq. Pool, Samuel, Esq. Reubenson, Isidor, Esq. Rosenfeld, A., Esq. Rothschild, Sir N. M. DC, Bart, M.P. Samuel, Charles, Esq. Samuel, Stuart M., Esq. Schloss, Sol., Esq. Silber, A. M., Esq. Silver, Solomon, Esq. Simmonds, J. L., Esq. Simons, Simon, Esq. Solomon, Henry, Esq. Solomon, Lewis, Esq. Solomon, Saul, Esq. XXXVlll Solomons, II. J., Esq. Sydney, A. E., Esq. Van Praagh, B. L., Esq. Van Stavcren, B., Esq. (Asher Ashcr, M.D., Secretary.} Wcingott, S., Esq. Worms, Baron II. dc, M.P. Worms, Baron. SEVEN ELDERS.* Solomon, Henry, Esq. Solomon, Saul, Esq. Worms, Baron Henry Do, M.P. Benjamin, David, Esq. Cohen, Lionel L., Esq. Marks, I. M., Esq. Samuel, Charles, Esq. * The above-named gentlemen, with the two Treasurers, the two Overseers of the Poor, and the Wardens of the Constituent Synagogues hereafter named, constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE. Arnholtz, A., Esq. Benjamin, J., Esq. Cohen, Neville D., Esq. Israel, Henry A., Esq. Joseph, Isaac A., Esq. Lazarus, Henry, Esq. Levy, Abraham, Esq. Levy, Lewis, Esq. Marks, I. M., Esq. Weingott, S., Esq. Wiili the Treasurers, OVERSEERS' COMMITTEE. Alex, E., Esq. Nathan, Louis, Esq. Israel, Henry A., Esq. Benjamin, David, Esq. With the Overseers of the Poor. BEQUESTS AND TRUSTS COMMITTEE. Abrahams, H. A., Esq. Berg, E., Esq. Cohen, J. A. Esq. Ellis, Sir B. H., K.C.S.I. Jacobs, M., Esq. Jacobs, S., Esq. Jonas, J. A., Esq. Levy, E. A., Esq. Ososki, L., Esq. Rosenfeld, A., Esq. With the Treasurers, and the Orerseers of the Poor and their Committee. BUILDING COMMITTEE. Samuel Montagu, Esq., Chairman. Abrahams, Hymau A., Esq. Beddington, Maurice II., Esq. Bergtheil, J., Esq. Collins, H. H., Esq. Davis, David, Esq. Flatau, W., Esq. Harris, II. M., Esq. Hart, Henry, Esq. Israel, II. A., Esq. Jacobs, John, Esq. Jaffe, Martin, Esq. Joseph, Isaac A., Esq. Joseph, J. A., Esq. Lazarus, R., Esq. Levy, A., Esq. Marks, I. M., Esq. Myers, Mark, Esq. Oppenheim, Morris S., Esq. Silber, A. M., Esq. Solomon, Saul, Esq. Sydney, A. E., Esq. XXXIX BOARD OF MANAGEMENT OF THE BETH IIA- MIDRASH. Philip N. Casper Esq. ^Warden. Charles Samuel, Esq., Chairman. Berg, E., Esq. Bergtheil, J., Esq. Cohen, Louis, Esq. Joseph, Nathan S., Esq. Keyser, Assur, Esq. Meyers, Barnett, Esq. Montagu, Samuel, Esq. Moses, Assur II.,, Esq. Solomon, Henry, Esq. COMMITTEE OF THE BURIAL SOCIETY. Auerhaan, M. L., Esq. Barnett, M., Esq. Benjamin, J., Esq. Bentwitch, M., Esq. Berg, E., Esq. Blcomfield, R. Z., Esq. Davis, David, Esq. Davis, Joseph, Esq. With the Treasurers of the Society and the Overseers of the Poor. Flatati, A., Esq. Goldhill, J., Esq. Halford, F. W., Ess. Joseph, N. S., Esq. Reubenson, L, Esq. Solomon, Saul, Esq. Weingott, S., Esq. HOSPITAL, PRISON, ETC., VISITATION COMMITTEE. Louis Davidson, Esq. ,Chairman. Stuart M.Samuel, Esq., Treasurer. Abrahams, Hyman A., Esq. Cohen, Nathl. L., Esq. Davis, Charles, Esq. Goldhill, J., Esq. Jaffe, Martin, Esq. Joseph, Nathan S., Esq. With the Overseers of the Poor. REPRESENTATIVES AT THE BOARD OF GUARDIANS. Oppenhcim, Morris S., Esq. Phillips, Sir B. S., Kt., Aid. Phillips, L. H., Esq. Solomon, Lewis, Esq. Solomon, Saul, E.sq. Abrahams, Hyman A., Esq. Beddington, Maurice IT., Esq. Benjamin, David, Esq. Cohen, Lionel L., Esq. Hyam, David, Esq. Isaacs, Henry A., Esq. Israel, Henry A,, Esq. Keyser, Assur, Esq. Levy, Hyam, Esq. Lucas, Francis A., Esq. With the Overseers of the Poor. Montagu, Samuel, Esq. Rosenfeld, A., Esq. Rothschild, Leopold De, Esq. Samuel, Sydney M., Esq. Samuel, Charles, Esq. Samuel, Stuart M., Esq. Schloss, Solomon, Esq. Silber, A. M., Esq. Sydney, A. E., Esq. xl REPRESENTATIVES AT THE CHIEF RABBI'S BOARD. Alex, E., Esq. Becldington, Hyam L., Esq. Bergtheil, J., Esq. Ilymans, Henry, Esq. Jacobs, John, Esq. Jacobs, S., Esq. Joseph, Morris S., Esq. Levy, Hyam, Esq. Moses, Sain., Esq. Rosenfeld, Ab., Esq. Solomon, Henry, Esq. REPRESENTATIVES AT THE COUNCIL OF THE JEWS' COLLEGE. Abrahams, Hyman A., Esq. Davis, Bonn, Esq. Franklin, Ellis A., Esq. Harris, Samuel, Esq. Lucas, Edward, Esq. Silber, A. M., Esq. REPRESENTATIVES AT THE BOARD OF SHECHITA. Arnholz, A., Esq. Berg, Ellis, Esq. Birnbaum, B., Esq. Davis, David, Esq. Goldhill, J., Esq. Hymans, Henry, Esq. Israel, II. A., Esq. Levy, J., Esq. Silber, A. M., Esq. Levy, Lewis, Esq. Simmons, S., Esq. London, P., Esq. Marks, I. M., Esq. Montagu, Samuel, Esq. Samuel, Michael, Esq. Solomon, Henry, Esq. AUDITORS. Davidson, Louis, Esq. HONORARY OFFICERS, BOARDS OF MANAGEMENT, AND MINISTERS OF THE CONSTITUENT SYNA- GOGUES. GRKAT SYNAGOGUE. Wardens: Sir Nathaniel M. De Roth- schild, Bart., M.P., and Mr. Abraham Rosenfeld. Financial Representative : Mr. Isaiah M. Marks. Hoard of Manage- ment : Messrs. Moss Benjamin, M. Bentwitch, Jos. Davis, Henry A. Isaacs, C.C., Alex. Isaacs, Ralph Lazarus, and B. Van Staveren. Ministers: Rev. Marcus Hast and Rev. Moses Keizer, who is also Secretary. HAMBRO' SYNAGOGUE. Wardens: Messrs. Harris Jacobs and S. Jacobs. Financial Representative : Mr. H. A. Israel. Board of Management : Messrs. M. Jaffe, C. Joel, M. Levy, Mark Myers, J. Reubenson, M. Rosenberg, and B. L. Van Praagh. Ministers: Rev. S. M. Gollancz and Rev. E. Spero. Secretary : Mr. Jacob Salomons. xli NEW SYNAGOGUE. Wardens: Messrs. D. H. Jacobs and L. Ososki. Financial Representative: Mr. Lewis Levy. Board of Management : Messrs. R. Z. Bloomfield, George Cohen, Chas. Davis, Coleman Jonas, John Jacobs, Samuel Levy, L. H. Phillips, C.C., Alg. E. Sydney, Israel Woolf, and SaulWoolf. Preacher: Rev. Hermann Gollancz. Ministers: Rev. Ab. Barnett and Rev. Isaac Cohen, who is also Secretary. CENTRAL SYNAGOGUE. Wardens: Messrs. J. A. Jonas and Morris S. Oppenheim. Financial Representative : Mr. Joseph Benjamin. Board of Management : Messrs. Alfred H. Bed- dington, Lionel L. Cohen, Fred. Davis, Asher Isaacs, J. A. Joseph, Jacob Levy, and S. Trenner. Ministers : Rev. Aaron L. Green, who is also Preacher, and Rev. S. Lyons, who is also Secretary. BAYSWATER SYNAGOGUE. Wardens: Messrs. Edward A. Levy and Henry Lucas. Financial Representative: Mr. Isaac A. Joseph. Board of Management : Messrs. Marcus N. Adler, J. Bergtheil, David Benjamin, Henry H. Collins, Louis Davidson, A. Flatau, and Charles Samuel. Preacher : Rev. Dr. Hermann Adler. Ministers: Rev. Isaac Samuel and Rev. Raphael Harris, who is also Secretary. BORO' SYNAGOGUE. Wardens: Messrs. J. A. Cohen and H. J. Solomons. Financial Representative : Mr. S. Weingott. Board of Management: Messrs. A. J. Cohen, Mark Davis, S. L. Frankenburg, E. Grauman, H. M. Harris, Moss Harris, David L. Jacobs, M. S. Joseph, Joseph Salomons, and Saul Solomon. Ministers : Rev. Sol. Levy and Rev. P. Ornstien, who is also Secretary. ST. JOHN'S WOOD SYNAGOGUE. Wardens: Messrs. Hyman, A. Abrahams and Benn Davis. Financial Representative : Mr. A. Arnholz. Board of Management : Messrs. L. Farmer, S. Marks, E. N. Frankenstein, M. de Saxe, M. L. Auer- haan, Henry H. Collins, and S. Spyer. Preacher, Minister, and Secretary : Rev. B. Berliner. EAST LONDON SYNAGOGUE. Wardens : Messrs. Morris Barnett and Mark Jacobs. Financial Representative : Mr. Ab. Levy. Board of Management : Messrs. D. Barnard, Isaac Cohen, J. Kaufman, Sol. Silver, Hyman Simons, H. Wolfsbergen, and M. Wolfsbergeu. Ministers : Rev. V. Rosenstein and Rev. H. Millem, who is also Secretary. NORTH LONDON SYNAGOGUE. Wardens: Messrs. E. Berg and W. Flatau. Financial Representative : Mr. H. Lazarus. d xlii Board of Management : Messrs. B. Birnbaum, J. Goldhill, H. Hart, H. Lazarus, J. Lindow, L. Lion, J. Magnus, and M. Van Duren. Ministers : Revs. H. Wasserzug and Julius A. Goulstein, who is also Preacher and Secretary. WEST END SYNAGOGUE. Wardens : Sir Barrow H. Ellis, K. C.S.I, and Mr. James L. Hart. Financial Representa- tive : Mr. Neville D. Cohen. Board of Management : Messrs. Maurice H. Beddington, Arthur Cohen, Q.C., M.P., Ellis A. Franklin, F. M. Halford, Martin Jaffe, A. M. Marsden, F. Mendl, Sam. Montagu, Henry Nathan, S. S. Oppen- heim, S. Schloss, and Saul Solomon. Ministers: Rev. Simeon Singer, who is also Preacher, and Rev. M. Haines, who is also Secretary, UNITED SYNAGOGUE. LAWS of the United Synagogue and BYE-LAWS, made pursuant to 33 and 34 Vic., c. 116, for the Government of the Constituent Synagogues, and for the Regulation and Management of their Local Matters. n*n ^rx TI n " Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God, and serve IIim"Deut.vi. 13. *#* The Paragraphs Printed in Italics, being either Extracts from Acts of Parliament or Bye-laws enacted by the Council, are NOT SUBJECT TO REVISION by the Boards of Management of the Constituent Synagogues. THE United Synagogue lB>* flD3D p"p consists, at the date of the adoption by the Council of the follow- ing Laws and Bye-laws, of the Great, Hambro*, New, Bayswater and Central Synagogues, constituted Constituent Synagogues by Sec. 1 and 2 of the Schedide to the 33 and 34 Vic., c. 116 (United Synagogues Act); of the Bortf and North London Synagogues, admitted into the Union under the provisions of Sec. 63 of the said Schedule to the said Act ; and of the St. John's Wood, East London and West End Syna- gogues, admitted under the provisions of Sec. 64 of the said Schedule. .SYNAGOGUE. Sec. 6rt, Sub- sect. B, Sche- dule to United Synagogues Act. Sec. 6rt, Sub- sect. A, Sche- dule to United Synagogues Act. Sec. 55, Schedule to United Syna- gogues Act. 1. This Congregation consists of A. Persons .(whether male or female) who shall be in occupation as tenants of seats at this Syna- gogue. B. Persons who, at the date of the passing of the resolutions amending the Schedule to the United Synagogues Act (May 24, 1880), were Privi- leged Members of the United Synagogue, and were attached to this Synagogue, so long as they continue to comply with the conditions U'hich may be required and to contribute the annual payments which may be assessed by the Council of the United Synagogue, or its Executive Committee, for the maintenance of rpnpn npin (the rights of a Privileged Member of the United Synagogue). Sec. Off, Sub- duieto'the MEMBERS OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE NOT HOLDING SEATS IN A CONSTI- TUENT SYNAGOGUE. 2. Persons (whether male or female) not in occupa- tion as tenants of Seats at any Constituent Synagogue who shall contribute to the United Synagogue such annual sum for the right of Membership as the Executive Com- mittee shall determine, and shall not be more than one year in arrear in payment thereof, are Members of the United Synagogue. Sec. c<7, Sub- 3. Any person desirous of acquiring or retaining Sect. 53, Sche- Membership of the United Synagogue without holding United Byna- a sea ^ ^ n a Constituent Synagogue, shall make appli- goguesAct. cation in writing to the Executive Committee of the United Synagogue, who shall assess the annual amount to be paid in each caw, exclusive of 18-9. per annum Law of Burial Burial Bate. In the event of such Member becoming Society * a tenant of a seat in a Constituent Synagogue, his seniority of membership shall date from the time of his becoming a Member of the United Synagogue, provided he shall have regularly paid his Assessment and Burial Rate. RIGHTS OF SEATHOLDERS. 4. A male Seatholder above the age of 21 years, having occupied a seat in this Synagogue for one year immediately preceding the date of. election, and being not more than one year in arrear in payment of his account, is entitled to the following rights: A. He is eligible to be elected to the office of mm jnn or rvBws jnn. B. He is entitled to vote (a.) At the Biennial Election of Representa-$ ec -'' ><$&*- J r dule tollnited tives to the Council of the United Syna- Synagogues Act. gogue; (b.) At the Annual Election of the Board off^^l Management of this Synaqoque ; United s y nft - ' * gogues Act. (c.) At tlie election of Salaried Officers of this Sec. eo, of Schedule to Synagogue; United s y na- (d.) At the election of Representatives of this | e "^ w f Synagogue at the London Committee o/ Council - Deputies of the British Jews ; Subject to the provisions of the United Synagogues Act and of the Bye-laics regulating such elections. 5. A Male Seatholder above the age of 21 years t occupying a full price seat in this Synagogue, shall, if he has occupied a full price seat at this or any other Constituent Synagogue for the two consecutive years immediately preceding the date of election, and is not B 2 more than one year in arrear in payment of his account, be eligible to be elected Sec. 7, Sub- (a.) A Member of the Council of the United sect. F&G, c _7- a Schedule to synagogue, to represent tins synagogue g.JgnesA&t" 1 " thereat, in accordance icith the pro- visions of Sec. 7, Sub-sees. F G of the Schedule to the United Synagogues Act. Sec. 9, Sche- (M A Treasurer of the United Swaqonue. dule to United J iJ J J Synagogues ^ An Overseer of the Poor of the United Synagogue. Sees. 41, 4ia (<:/.) A Warden, Financial Representative, or Schedule to Member of the Board of Management Synagogues f ^ 8 Synagogue in accordance with the Act - provisions of Sees. 41 and 41a of the Sche- dule to the United Synagogues Act. Bye-law of (e.) A Representative at the London Com- mittee of Deputies of the British Jews. 6. A Seatholder in this Synagogue, not being more than 12 months in arrears in payment of his account, is entitled according to seniority of membership (a.) To officiate as po (except on holidays) on the occasion of the marriage and of the rTl ^3 of any OT his children. (b.) To be called to the reading T)f the Law minn nx'lp on rat? whenever ho is a am (c.) To recite fc^Hp, sul'eCt to the provisions of Bye-law 164. To the attendance of one of the Readers of this Synagogue on the occasion of the marriage of any of his children or the PIT MHS of any of his sons. RIGHTS OF Qna ^1 (PRIVILEGED MEM- BERS) NOT BEING SEATHOLDERS. This law 7. Persons icho possessed PlTlpn fipin (the rights of a Privileged Member) of this guesl Synagogue at the date of the establishment of the United Synagogue (\th July, 1870J, and not then being occupiers of seats therein, are, so long as they shall continue to comply with the con- ditions required by the Council or by the Executive Committee for the maintenance of their right of Pri- vileged Membership, entitled to vote At the Biennial see. 7 of Election of Representatives at the Council of the United Sed^yn Synagogue. ss ues Act - ORDER OF PRECEDENCE OF PRIVILEGED AND OTHER MEMBERS, AND MAIN- TENANCE OF MEMBERSHIP. 8. All persons who at the date of the passing 0/sec. 55, the resolutions of May 24, 1880, amending t United Synagogues Act, were Privileged Members the United Synagogue, shall remain Privileged Mem- bers of the United Synagogue, and shall, so far as not inconsistent with the Scheme as altered or modi- fied by those resolutions, retain their present pri- vileges. 9 9. The Members oj the United Synagogue shall be Sec. 56, entitled to precedence in the Constituent Synagogues united in which they' holcL seats according to seniority ^/ membership, and* m calculating such seniority, the date of admission shall, as to persons who at the date of the establishment of the Scheme were Privileged Mt inbers of a Constituent Synagogue, be considered to be the date at which they shall have been made Privi- leged Members of such Constituent Synagogue, and 6 the date of admission shall, as to persons who between the date of the establishment of the Scheme, and the date of the passing of the resolutions of May 24 th t 1880, amending the United Synagogues Act, have been made Privileged Members of the United Synagogue, be con- sidered to be the date at which they shall have been made such Privileged Members. The other Members of the United, Synagogue shall rank after the preceding, and in calculating the seniority of such other Members, the date of admission shall be the date at irhich they jirst began to occupy seats as tenants at any Constituent Synagogue, or jirst made payment of an annual sum for right of membership ; but so that for the purpose of retaining such seniority, there must be no interval sub- sequent to the date of admission in which such Member shall not either have occupied a seat at a Constituent Synagogue, or been a contributor of an annual sum for right of membership in accordance with these resolutions not more than a year in arrear in payment thereof. See Sec. 53 of 10. Any Privileged Member not holding a seat in United Syria- one f ^ ie Constituent Synagogues shall, in order to gogues Act. re tain his right of Membership, pay such annual con- tribution to the United Synagogue, and to the Burial Society, as the Executive Committee of the United Synagogue may determine. Such payments shall be Council f collected by the Constituent Synagogue in which the said Privileged Member last held a seat, or if he had never been a Seatholder, by such Constituent Synagogue as the said Committee shall appoint; and all the existing rights and privileges of a Privileged Member shall be liable to be forfeited, at the discretion of the Executive Committee, on the non-payment of the said contributions. f n Jf any Privileged Member oj the United Syna- gogue shall be reported to the Executive Committee as having forfeited his seat in a Constituent Synagogue by reason of being in arrears of his account, the Execu- tive Committee may, in their discretion, declare the said Member to have forfeited all his rights and privileges as a Privileged Member of the United Syna- gogue. 12. The local rights of any Seatholder, whether See also Bye- Privileged or Non-Privileged Member, may, at the a discretion of the Board of Management, be suspended, should the said Seatholder be more than twelve months in arrear in payment of his account. 13. The order of precedence among Privileged Members and Seatholders shall be that indicated in Bye-laws 176 and 179, GOVERNMENT. At the New 14. The government oj this Synagogue vide Sec. 14, and Bore? . V, .? 7 7 ftiJipdulo tn Synagogues the 111 respect of matters Of a lOCat nature united Syna- 'committLnen affecting the same specified as such in the gs ues Act - %ffrth 'London United Synagogues Act, or determined by EIGHT, and at fj ie Bve-laws of the Council, shall be the West End ,' * , tisr 7 NINE. under the management oj two Wardens and seven Committeemen, who together shall con- stitute a Board of Management in accordance with Sec. 41 of the Schedule to the United Synagogues Act. Council. 15. The Financial Representative of each Constituent Bye-law of Synagogue shall be cx-ojficio a member of its Board of r Management. He shall take rank in the Synagogue immediately after the Wardens, and shall have a seat in the Wardens box therein. 16. The Wardens and the Financial Representative 8 for the time being of this Synagogue shall be termed Honorary Officers thereof. WARDENS. vide Sec. 43, 17. The Wardens of the Synagogue shall preside United Syna. therein, and shall have the general superintendence of the gogues Act. religious service and local business thereof, subject to the provisions of any Bye-laws in force which from time to time may be made by the Council) or by the Board oj- Managemmt of this Synagogue, in accordance with Sections 52 and 66 of the Schedule to the United Syna- gogues Act. 18. The Wardens shall arrange between themselves the rota of their duties, one of them acting as Warden President for the time being. 19. The Warden President shall officiate as po> except when such function shall devolve by right on any Seatholder under the provisions of Bye-laws 169 and 170; but he shall have the power of delegating such duty to either of the other two Honorary Officers. 20. Every proclamation made in the Synagogue, and every notice paper affixed therein, or in any part thereof, or on any building belonging thereto, shall require the previous consent of the Presiding Honorary Officer, or the order of the Board of Management of this Synagogue, or of the Council of the United Synagogue. RECEIPT AND EXPENDITURE OF MONEY. FINANCIAL REPRESENTATIVE. vide Sec. 16, 21. The person elected by each Constituent Syna- Umted Syna- go(jue in accordance with the provisions of Section 16 gogues Act. o j. t j ie Schedule j fl ie u n it e d Synagogues Act, shall be called its Financial Representative. 22. The Financial Representative shall superintend Bye-law of Council. the receipt and expenditure of all money on account oj~ this Synagogue, and the receipt of money in connection schedule to the therewith on account of the Burial Society, subject as to both to the general superintendence of the Treasurers of the United Synagogue. 23. The Financial Representative shall, in the event of any person, or any immediate member of such person's family, dying while in arrear of his or their account to the Synagogue, be empowered to compromise all debts, the non-payment of which would, under the Laws of the Burial Society, entail deprivation of the rights and privileges of that Society. 24. All the moneys received on behalf of the Con- Bye-law of stituent Synagogues shall be paid into the account of the Bankers of the United Synagogue. Such payments shall be made under the supervision of the Financial, Representative. 25. (a.) A list of cheques for the payment of the quarterly, monthly and other disbursements of this Synagogue, shall, at least one week before such cheques are required, be prepared and forwarded by the Secretary, under the direction of the Financial Re- presentative, to the Secretary of the United Synagogue. All demand notes must be signed by the Financial Representative, and countersigned b}' the Secretary. (b.) Demand notes for sums of money to be ex- Bye-law of pended under Clause 47 of the Schedule to the United Synagogues Act, must state explicitly the object for which such sums are required ; and no sum drawn under any item or items in the Estimates, or under the said Clause, shall be available for granting a gratuity, com- pensation, or increase of salary , to any ojficiql, or class of officials. f 26 ' The Financial Representative of each Constitu- ent Synagogue shall, whenever requested so to do by the Treasurers of the United Synagogue, forward to the Secretary of the United Synagogue a statement to be prepared by the Local Secretary in such form as the said Treasurers shall deem necessary or expedient, showing the financial position of such Constituent Syna- gogue. vide Sec. 45 27. The Financial ^Representative shall, under the of Schedule to 7 - . United Syna- direction oj the Board of Management, superintend the Bye-law- of preparation of the annual Budget and Estimates of JunclL this Synagogue. Bye-law- of 28. The Financial Representative of each Con- Councn. stituent Synagogue may, for the current expenditure of such Synagogue during the months of January and February of every year, draw upon the Treasurers of the United Synagogue on- the same scale as authorised in the Budget of the preceding year ; and after the esti- mates for the current year shall have been adopted by the Council, all payments made by the Financial Repre- sentative in pursuance of this law shall be adjusted with reference to the definite annual expenditure sanc- tioned by the Council. Bye-law of Council. 29. The form, arrangement, and grouping of the accounts issued by each Constituent Synagogue, and of all statements relating to its finances, shall be under the supervision of the Financial Representative, in accordance with the instructions relating thereto, which shall, from time to time, be issued by the Finance Com- mittee. 30. The Financial Representative on entering office shall receive from the Secretary an inventory in tri- plicate of all min ""ISD mantles, bells, and other orna- ments thereto belonging, fc?TO ^I;Q, plate, furniture. 11 and other movable property in the possession or under the care of the Secretary of this Synagogue. 31. The Financial Representative shall sign such inventories, retain one copy in his possession during his tenure of office, and shall forward another copy to the Secretary of the United Synagogue: the third copy shall remain in the custody of the Secretary of this Synagogue. The Financial Representative shall see that the property be kept in good order and condi- tion, and in a secure place appropriated for such pur- pose ; that all additions to such property made during his tenure of office be duly entered by the Secretary in the said inventories, and shall notify such additions to the Board of Management and to the Council. 32. The Financial Representative, at the expi- ration of his period of office, shall return his copy of the inventory to the Secretary, having previously compared the same with the property scheduled therein ; if he find the same correct, he shall certify thereon to that effect, or report to the Board of Management as to its incorrectness. This annual procedure shall be observed although the same Financial Representative remain in office for a subse- quent term. 33. The movable property appertaining to this Synagogue shall at all times remain therein, unless removed for the purpose of repair. Provided always, that any portion of such property may be lent to the Executive of any other Synagogue for any temporary purpose, upon the consent in writing being obtained of any two of the Honorary Officers of this Syna- gogue and of one of the Honorary Officers of the United Synagogue. 34. The Financial Representative shall superin- 12 tend the receipt of ^DGJM flW/b in tho Synagogue on 35. The Financial Representative shall, at least once in three months, inspect and examine the Books and Accounts kept by the Secretary, and shall satisfy himself that such Books and Accounts are correctly kept. 36. The Accounts of the Income and Expenditure of this Synagogue shall be annually made up to the 31st of December by the Financial Representative, and shall be laid, duly audited, before the Board of Management, and, in print, before the Finance Com- mittee of the United Synagogue as soon after such date as they may direct. 37. The Financial Representative, or, in his ab- sence, one of the Wardens, shall examine and sign the Members' Accounts prior to their being issued. BOARD OF MANAGEMENT- ITS FUNCTIONS AND POWERS. 38. The Board of Management shall meet at least once every three months, or oftener if necessary, to superintend and manage all matters of a local nature affecting the Synagogue. Sec. 45, 39. The Board of Management of each Constituent United Syna- Synagogue sliall annually prepare and submit to the goguesAct. Council a Budget or Scheme, showing the estimated Income and Expenditure for the ensuing year in respect of the same Constituent Synagogue ; and such Budget or Scheme shall, if and so far as the same shall not be varied by the Council -within two months after the same shall be submitted, and subject to such 13 variations (if any) as shall within the said two months be made by the Council, be deemed to be confirmed and adopted by the Council ; and the Income and Ex- penditure of the ensuing year, in respect of the Constituent Synagogue, shall, as closely as may be, be regulated by and with reference to the sam,e Budget. 40. The Board of Management of a Constituent &*?**, ' J \ Schedule to Synagogue shall have the general supervision and control United Syn. of all Salaried Officers of the United Synagogue whose duties relate specially to the said Constituent Synagogue, and shall have power, in case of a vacancy, to appoint any such Officer, whose salary shall not exceed thirty pounds a year. 41. The Board of Manaqement of a Constituent Sec.47, . , ,. , Schedule to Synagogue shall have power to direct repairs in the same United s y na- Synagogue to an amount not exceeding in any one year gogue ' the. sum of fifty pounds, and to direct an expenditure for See also Bye- the General Purposes of the same Constituent Synagogue to an amount not exceeding in any one year the sum, of fifty pound*. 42. The Board of Management shall fix the day and hour for election of Salaried Officers whose duties relate specially to this Synagogue, to be elected under the provisions of Sec. 60 of the Schedule to the United Synagogues Act. 43. The Board of Management of each Constituent clause 5 , , . Deed of Foun- Synagogue may impose fines upon persons who shall dation and be elected and shall refuse or neglect to serve the 1] office of Warden of that Synagogue; the amount of the said fines shall be from time to time determined by such Board of Management, subject to the approba- tion of the Council of the United Synagogue. 14 Bye-laws of 44. ^ soon a s possible after the, Elections lu'l\ t the Council of the United Synagogue. Sec. si, 47. The Board, of Management of a Constituent Schedule to ^ 7777 . . , United Sy^ synagogue shall be subject to the Control of the Council of the United Synagogue. (To be inserted at page 16 of the Bye-Laws of the Constituent Synagogues.") REGULATIONS FOB REPAIRS AND WORKS, AS AMENDED BY THE COUNCIL, JANUARY STH, 1892. CONSTITUENT SYNAGOGUES. 1. The Presiding Honorary Officer of a Constituent Synagogue shall, subject to the provisions of Regulation 3, have power to order repairs at or in connection with that Synagogue, provided the amount of any such repairs does not at any one time exceed 5. Every authorisation for such repairs must be given in writing, be countersigned by the Local Secretary, and be forwarded to the Secretary of the United Synagogue. Subject to the provisions of Regulation 3, the amount shall then be debited to the Building Fund. 2. Where the approximate estimate at any Con- stituent Synagogue for any work exceeds, at any one time, the sum of 5, the previous sanction of the Local Board shall be required for its authorisation ; the copy of the Estimate and of the Resolution sanctioning it shall then be transmitted to the Secretary of the United Synagogue, and, subject to the provisions of Regulation 3, the amount shall then be debited to the Building Fund. 3. If the aggregate amount of the expenditure in- curred under Regulations 1 and 2 at or in con- nection with any Constituent Synagogue shall have amounted in any one year to a sum of 25, no further expenditure for repairs at the cost of the Building Fund shall be incurred for that Synagogue, except with the sanction of the Chairman of the Building Committee (or, in his absence, of one of the Honorary Officers of the United Synagogue in rotation of seniority), who shall have power to ratify any outlay previously approved by the Presiding Honorary Officer or Local Board of a Constituent Synagogue (as the case may be) to an amount not exceeding 5 at any one time, and not exceeding in the aggregate a further amount of 25 in any one year for the purposes of that Synagogue. 4. No application from a Local Board of Management for repairs at a Constituent Synagogue shall be considered by the Building Committee unless such application, together with an outline description of all works which may then appear to be requisite, whereof the cost is estimated to exceed in each Synagogue the sum of 25, be made before the 1st of December in the previous year. And after having conferred with the several Boards of Management presenting such outline description on the proposals thus submitted, the Building Committee shall report to the Council not later than the month of April in each year the works which they recommend to be under- taken in the various Synagogues during the then current year, having due regard to the necessities of each Synagogue, and to the available resources of the Building Fund. Approximate Estimates of the cost of all works recommended by the Building Committee shall at the same time be submitted to the Council. 5. No new Seats shall be erected in any part of a Constituent Synagogue without the previous con- sent of the Building Committee, who shall recommend to the Council from what fund the cost of erecting such Seats shall be defrayed. 6. No account shall be considered as chargeable to the Building Fund unless the proceedings in connection with the order for Works or Repairs be effected strictly in accordance with the fore* going Regulations. WORKS NOT CONNECTED WITH THE CONSTITUENT SYNAGOGUES. 7. Repairs at the BETH HAMIDRASH shall, as hitherto, be charged to the Beth Hamidrash Account. Should its funds not be able to meet any required expenditure, a report thereon shall be submitted by its Board of Management and the Building Committee conjointly to the Council. 8. The Chairman of the Building Committee, or in his absence one of the Honorary Officers of the United Synagogue, in rotation of seniority, may order any repairs or works at or in connection with the Almshouses, or any of the Buildings belonging to the United Synagogue, unconnected with any particular Constituent Synagogue, and un- connected with the Cemetery Buildings and Cemeteries, both those in use and those disused, not exceeding 10 at any one time, or not ex- ceeding in the aggregate 50 in any one year, and the same shall be debited to the Building Fund. Should the amount required exceed 10 at any one time or 50 in the aggregate in the year, but not exceed 25 at one time or 50 in any one year, the estimate for such works shall be submitted to the Building Committee, and subject to their approval, be debited to the Building Fund. Should the amount required exceed 50, a report thereon shall be submitted by the Building Committee to the Council for their approval. 9. One of the Treasurers of the Burial Society, or in their absence, one of the Honorary Officers of the United Synagogue, in rotation of seniority, may order any repairs or works at or in connection with the Cemeteries or Cemetery Buildings belonging to the United Synagogue, both those in use and those disused, not exceeding 10 at any one time, or not exceeding in the aggregate 50 in any one year, and the same shall be debited to the funds of the Burial Society. Should the amount required exceed 10 at any one time or 50 in the aggregate in the year, but not exceed 25 at one time or 50 in any one year, the estimate for such works shall be submitted to the Burial Committee, and, subject to their approval, be debited to the funds of the Burial Society. Should the amount required exceed 50, a report thereon shall be submitted by them to the Council for their approval, the works to be carried out under the supervision of the Burial Committee. NATURE OF REPAIRS. 10. Works of a decorative character cannot be con- sidered as chargeable to the Building Fund without the express authorisation of the Council. BYE LAW 50. The Building Committee of the United Synagogue is charged with the maintenance of the buildings of the several Constituent Synagogues, and generally with the supervision and management of the buildings and lands belonging to the United Synagogue, other than 'the Ceme- teries or Cemetery Buildings, both those in use and those disused, for which the Burial Committee shall be responsible, as provided for in No. 9 of the Building Regulations. LAW 19 OF THE BURIAL SOCIETY. That the Burial Committee shall inspect periodically the Burial Grounds of the Congregation (including those disused) and the Buildings thereon, and report to the General Council all repairs an:l alterations necessary to be made therein, such repairs and alterations to be effected in accordance with the provisions of No. 9 of the Building Regulations; and shall direct and superintend the salaried Officers of this [Burial] Society in the performance of their duties. 15 AUDITORS. 48. The Board of Management shall annually appoint two Seatholders of this Synagogue to audit its Accounts. 49. The Auditors shall at least once in six months inspect the books and receipts of this Synagogue, investigate its accounts, and certify as to their cor- rectness. They shall audit the annual balance-sheet of the Income and Expenditure of the Synagogue up to the 31st December in each year, as prepared under the direction of the Financial Representative, and sign it, when found correct. Such, balance-sheet shall be submitted, together with the annual budget, to the Board of Management prior to its presentation to the Finance Committee of the United Synagogue. BUILDING COMMITTEE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE. 50. The Building Committee of the United Syna- Bye-law of * J J t Council. gogue is charged with the maintenance of the build- ings of the several Constituent Synagogues, and of the Cemeteries, and generally with the supervision and management of the buildings and lands belonging to the United Synagogue. 51. The Board of Management of a Constituent^. n, r . , , Schedule to synagogue may [in accordance witli Bye-law 41 J United Syn originate and carry out repairs and other u-orks at ei their own Synagogue at a cost not exceeding 50 m Bye-tar of any one year; but when the approximate estimate of such repairs or works exceeds the sum of 50, the 16 Bye-law of Council. floird of Management shall invite the assistance of the Building Committee thereon; and their joint report shall be presented to the Council of the United Syna- gogue, and shall be accompanied by an estimate of the cost of the repairs and other works. And it xhall be the duty of the Building Committee to report to the Council as to ichether any proportion, and if any , what proportion of the estimated cost should (having due regard to the special circumstances of each case) be con- sidered as chargeable to the general account of the United Synagogue. 52. All questions affecting the light, air, or oilier easements of any Constituent Synagogue, or appur- tenances thereof, or of any other United Synagogue property, or affecting the value or rights of sudi property directly, indirectly, or in reversion, and all questions involving structural alterations to such properties, shall be deemed matters beyond the control of any Committee other than the Building Committee of the United Synagogue ; and any such question shall be accordingly not dealt with by any Local Board of Management, but shall be forthwith, directly it shall have 'cognizance of such question, referred by it to the Building Committee; and it shall be the duty of the Surveyor appointed by the Council to report to and advise the Building Committee upon all such questions. Nothing in this Bye-law shall be held to affect the choice of an Architect for the erection or re-building of a Constituent Syna- gogue. Sec. 48, Schedule to SEATS. 53. The Board of Management of a Constituent Synagogue shall fix the rentals to be paid for the H- P CD CO CD O ct O MJ M O P ct H- O O H- 13 O CD CO CD O CO P' *< Ct CT CD CD I CD CO O H) CD O O O I- 1 - O o" ct ct CD ct CD O H 1 PI CD P< O HJ H> H- O CD CO P 1 M cr CD d CD 1 s H- Ct Ct CD ' P* O O p- p co CD H- Ct CD P5 O O HJ 1 8 ct O O CO nr CD H' S O CD ct tr t-j- CD P 1 o 3 CO CO Pi {3 CO ct H- j- 1 M H ct H* O !3 CD P. P. CO * P 1 p* 13* ct 13 O 3 1 r" 1 CD CD ct H- m H -& D3 S (- 1 - 09 * cr O a CO CD O CD I j o pi 2j *~^ H 00 CO CO o* CD 1. M H- ct K* 09 CO ct h* 09 o 09 P' S CD CO O Mj ct ,3 CD ct H- 9 Ct CD V* 0" H- Cr CD *~S P. CD CD CD O 13 t^ y ct P' O CO Ct 0* ct pr O *cJ CD CD CD P' v-^ a CD P- 4 CQ CD r O < C+ *"1 P- t> cr ^ c-t- tj M) CD O CD to H O O 3 O CD VJ O^ *3 j "1 o -* CD w to 2 *CJ M) ^ O *-i 1 p CD CD M> 3 | 1 P+- o 3 H- ft- O P J3 1 5" c-f c- l-J 03 3 Sj p C+ fl J3* CD c+ 3 CD CD CD s 03 03 M) O "1 03 & |3* 3 *^ cr P H cr CD P y c*- C H 03 03 CD X *d c- 5 tr s O ft- 3 P CD J {3* 1 to P PJ P CD P C-h ^cJ CD ^ o 3 H 3 H* P. * t j ie c om tit uen t Synagogues, and the amount of salary to be paid to them shall rest with the Council of the United Synagogue, which determination shall be come to after receiving from the Board of 37 Management of the Synagogue in which such office is vacant, a Report upon the duties of the office, and the proposed salary. PREACHER. READERS 109. A Preacher may be appointed subject to Bye-law 161, and shall, if required by the Board of Management, deliver a sermon on Sabbaths and on such Holydays as may be determined by the War- dens, and on any special occasions when requested by the Wardens or the Committee. 110. The Preacher shall also, if requested, deliver a discourse at least once at the house of mourning of any Seatholder of this Synagogue during the week of mourning. 111. The Preacher and D'JTn (Readers) shall, upon their election, become ex-officio D^ftfcO (accredited Officers) of the Congregation. 112. The D^TH (Readers), dressed in their official costume, shall attend in the Synagogue whenever Divine Service is to be performed therein, and shall enter the Synagogue for that purpose at least five minutes prior to the time fixed for the commencement of prayers. 113. The official costume ot the Readers shall be such as is approved by the Board of Management. 114. The order and rotation in which the D^TH shall perform Divine Service in the Synagogue shall from time to time be regulated by the Board of Management. 38 115. The Readers, unless prevented by illness, shall not absent themselves from the performance of their duties in the Synagogue without the permission of the Warden President. Should either of them be unable through illness or other cause to attend the Synagogue to officiate therein, he shall intimate such inability to his colleague, who shall officiate in his stead. Vide Bye-laws nfl. The Readers, in their official costume, shall attend at the solemnisation of all Marriages requiring registration or record by the Secretary of this Syna- gogue, whether the ceremony be performed in the Synagogue or its premises, or elsewhere ; one of the Readers shall also attend, if required, at the festivals of Marriages solemnised in connection with this Synago- gue, to read the customary prayers ; priority, in the event of more than one Marriage being celebrated on the same day, being given to DTD '7JD ar *d Seat- holders according to their respective seniority. 117. One of the Readers, TheGreat) New , nndEast in SUCh rotation aS may be re- London Synagogues do not adopt i the latter portion oj this clause; gulated by the Honorary Offi- the Central Synagogue adds /[ . in the latter portion that CerS, Shall, if required, attend the Readers shall attend the rfra nna of the son of a " JV1 7^3, or of a Seatholder, according to seniority ; and shall also attend at the Synagogue on the occa- sion of the wife of any Seatholder returning thanks there after childbirth. Law of Burial 118. In the case of the death of a Seatholder of a Society. Constituent Synagogue, or of his wife, it shall be the duty of one of the Readers of such Synagogue to attend at the house of mourning on the occasion of the funeral; but when the interment takes place in the West Ham Cemetery, the Reader shall not be required to attend the funeral to the grave, unless 39 when officiating for the Rabbi of the Burial Ground. Attendance on Funerals at the Cemeteries shall be regulated as follows : (a.) At West Ham the duty shall devolve on the Kabronim Rabbi. (b.) At Willesden it shall devolve on one of the Readers of the Synagogue to which the de- ceased was attached, and in the case of non- members, upon the Chief Reader of the Bayswater Synagogue. (c.) The same regulations shall apply to the setting of Tombstones. 119. On the death of any Member of the Burial Law of Burial Society, or on any Member of that Society observing the week of mourning for a relative, and having p, one of the Readers or some other official of the con- gregation appointed for the purpose, shall, if required, read prayers at the house of mourning, evening or morning, as may be desired by the mourner, and shall, if required, deliver a discourse at least once during the weelc. The attendance of the Synagogue officials is limited to the house of mourning, or, failing that, to the house of the senior mourner seniority implying seniority of Membership of the congregation. 120. It shall be the duty of the Readers of the Law of Burial Constituent Synagogues to attend, when called upon, for the purpose of affording spiritual consolation to, and reading the appointed prayers with, the Seat- holders of their respective Synagogues, or members of the families of such Seatholders, when sick or dying. 121. In the event of the Rabbi of the of 40 Ground being temporarily incapacitated from duty, one of the Readers of a Constituent Synagogue shall, on the requisition of the Treasurer for the time being of the Burial Society, be required to officiate in his stead. Law of Burial 122. It shall be the duty of the Board of Man- agement of each Constituent Synagogue to apportion among its ministers the performance of the duties prescribed in the laws of the Burial Society. 123. The second Reader shall , . . In the West End Synagogue, prepare the niin *H5D and shall this By e-iaw reads as . , i .. n .1 follows: The Honorary supervise the preparation ot the officers shall give directions to vPfmpnt5 Vestment8t thing; requisite for the perform- ornaments and everything requisite jor the performance ailCe of the Services ill the of the service in the Synago- Synagogue. If there be but one Reader, such duties shall be performed by him. 124. Any youth intending to read a PIBHS upon the n3> of his being H1VD 11 must give notice thereof, and must attend the Synagogue on a previous day, so that the Reader who officiates as Klip 7JD (person appointed to read the nilfi) may ascertain if he be competent to read such PlfcJHfi, and on the day of the youth's becoming nittb 11 the Klip ^3 shall stand next to him during his reading of the 125. Should any youth intending to read a on his becoming ni& 13 be found by the fcOl (person appointed to read the rH1J"l) to be incompetent to read properly and to translate his nfcJHS, the 7^3 Klip shall report to the Presiding Warden, who shall have the power to withhold his permission for the youth to read. 126. The Reader who officiates as Klip ^573, or any 41 other person appointed to read the min, shall attend the Synagogue on a day prior to every Sabbath or Holyday, for the purpose of rehearsing the portion to be read on such Sabbath or Holyday, and shall carefully take note of any error that may be found by him in the min "ISD for the purpose of its correction. 127. The Readers shall also perform such other Bye-law of 7 7 7 n Council. clerical duties in tins synagogue, or in connection with its Members, as shall be delegated to them, by its Wardens, and such other clerical duties as may be specially delegated to them by the Council, or by any of its Honorary Officers in their order of precedence. SECRETARY. 128. The Secretary shall be ex-officio a (accredited Officer) of the Congregation. 129. The Secretary shall keep the accounts of this Synagogue, and shall take charge of all books, documents and papers belonging thereto deposited with him, and shall not show them to any one (except to a Member of its Board of Management, or to any of the Honorary Officers or to the Secretary of the Council of the United Synagogue), without a written order from the Warden President. 130. All cheques received by the Secretary of a Bye-law Constituent Synagogue shall be forthwith paid by him, to the Bankers of the United Synagogue to the account thereof, and all other moneys received by him (without such moneys being permitted to accumulate beyond 30,) shall be paid to the said Bankers to the like account. 131. The Secretary shall issue all summonses 42 convening Meetings of the Board of Management, or its Sub- Committees, and of the Members of the Syna- gogue, attend such Meetings, and take down the minutes of their proceedings. 132. The Secretary shall attend the Meetings of the Council and its Committees when required, and shall perform such duties as the Council or its Honorary Officers shall from time to time direct or require. 133. The Secretary shall prepare the half-yearly accounts for rental of seats and other moneys which shall be due from the Members and Seatholders of this Synagogue, shall conduct all its correspondence as directed, communicate without delay to the Warden President all matters relating to its business, and perform all duties generally appertaining to the office of Secretary. 134. The Secretary shall be the Registrar of Marriages for this Synagogue, under the provisions of the 6 & 7 Will. IV., c. 86. He shall attend the solemnisation of Marriages, and register the same in accordance with the provisions of the said Act, and shall attest the pQttO (Marriage contract). 135. The Secretary shall also keep a record of all marriages solemnized in connection with this Synagogue which are not required, under 19 & 20 Viet., cap. 119, sec. 12, to be returned to the Regis- trar-General, and shall attest the rO1J"O (Marriage Contract). 136. The Secretary shall keep Registers of all Births of Jewish children which are notified to him for registration, and of all Marriages which are attested by him under Bye-laws 134 and 135. 43 ] 37. The Secretary shall keep a book, wherein shall be entered duplicate JVQirO, which, previously to the solemnisation of a marriage, shall be signed by the same parties who sign the ] 38. The Secretary shall receive a fee of 2s. 6d. for every Certificate of Birth, Marriage, or Burial given by him from the Registers, to be paid by the person requiring the same. But the Warden President shall have the power, on application, to order such certi- ficate to be given without the payment of such fee. 139. All the property and effects belonging to or in the care of this Synagogue shall be in the charge of the Secretary, who shall be responsible for the safe custody of the same. 140. The Secretary shall prepare an Inventory in triplicate of all the property of this Synagogue for the use of its Financial Representative, in accordance with Bye-law 30. 141 . The Secretary shall prepare the various forms and documents for the several Elections at this Synagogue, in accordance with the Laws and Bye- laws regulating the same. 142. The Secretary shall attend at the Office of this Synagogue at such times as may be fixed by the Board of Management. At the Ham- 143. The Secretary, upon his appoint- st. John's ' ment, shall find sureties to the satisfaction LondoTsyna*- of the Board of Management of this Syna- gogue for an amount of not less than 500, and shall maintain such sureties to the satisfaction of that Board. 44 COLLECTOR. 144. All moneys due to this Synagogue shall be collected in such manner, at such time and by such Officer of the Synagogue as its Board of Management shall appoint. The collection shall be under the direction of the Financial Eepresentative and Secre- tary, and subject to the control of the Board of Management. 145. All moneys received for the Synagogue by the Collector shall forthwith be handed over to the Secretary. 146. The Collector, upon his appoint- At tlie Boro , ment shall find sureties to the satisfaction st. Johns , -~ , _ , r Wood and East of the Board ot Management to an London sy>,a- amount of not less than 300, and shall SS of maintain such sureties to the satisfaction j of that Board. BEADLE. 147. The Beadle shall open and close the Synagogue on every occasion when ZtSy^ Divine Service is to be performed, or %**"** when any religious ceremonial is to take ^^- place therein, and shall remain in attendance in the Synagogue on all such occasions to maintain order. 148. The keys of the Synagogue shall be kept by the person residing thereat, and shall be delivered to such person by the Beadle upon his closing the Syna- jroo-ue, unless the latter be the resident Officer, in f> n ' which case he shall have them in his own custody, 45 149. The Beadle, under the direction of the Se- vide 123 cretary, shall superintend the cleaning of the Syna- gogue, with its appurtenances, its plate and furniture, shall keep the same in proper order for daily use, and shall prepare the vestments, ornaments, and every- thing requisite for the performance of the service in the Synagogue. 150. The Beadle shall be in attendance at all Meetings of the Board of Management and of the Members of this Synagogue, and at all Meetings of the Council and its Committees held at this Syna- gogue. 151. The Beadle shall attend at the chambers of this Synagogue on all occasions when the business of the congregation shall require it ; and shall perform all duties required from him by the Officers of this Synagogue, or of the United Synagogue. 152. The Beadle shall attend at any Marriage Ceremony performed at or in connection with this Synagogue, and shall convey and be responsible for the care of the GENERAL LAWS RESPECTING SALARIED OFFICERS. 153. Salaried Officers in the service of the United Bye-law Synagogue) or of any of its Constituent Synagogues, shall be exempt from the payment of Synagogue taxes and charges for seats. If they shall be pos- sessed of rpnpn npin they shall retain all the rights f/DTQ vJD whilst holding office, except the right to vote on any occasion, and to be elected to, or to hold any honorary office. 4G 154. A Salaried Officer of this Synagogue shall not absent himself from the performance of his duties without the previous permission of the Presiding Warden, which permission must also be obtained for any leave of absence. 155. No Salaried Officer who is a pfcO of the congregation shall be engaged in trade or business. -^6. ^11 Salaried Officers of the Constituent Syna- United Syna. gogues shall ipso facto be deemed to be officers of the and Bye-law United Swiaqoque. of Council. Bye-law of 15 7. ( a j Upon a per son being elected to serve any paid office in the United, Synagogue, or any Con- stituent Synagogue thereof, he shall as a condition precedent to his entering upon the duties of such office ', sign such agreement as to the performance of such duties, his tenure of office, and the salary attached thereto, and all matters incidental to such duties or office, as shall be determined on and required by the Executive Committee of the United Synagogue. (b.) Until such agreement shall have been signed and handed to the Secretary for the time being of the Council of the United Synagogue, the person elected shall not enter into office, nor shall any order for payment of money to him be honoured by the Treasurers of the United Synagogue. (c.) Such agreement when handed over shall be retained among the archives of the United Syna- gogue. (d.) The Wardens for the time being, or whoever may be the contracting party or parties on behalf of the United or Constituent Synagogue, shall in the happen- ing of any breach or breaches of the agreement on the part of the officer, take all such steps for enforc- 47 ing the contract or terminating it as the Executive Committee of the United Synagogue shall from time to time direct or require. SERVICE OF TPIE SYNAGOGUE. 158. TJie form of worship in each of the Consti- clause 3, tuent Synagogues, and all religious observances in the Foundation Constituent Synagogues, and all matters connected icith and Trust * the religious administration of the United Synagogue, and of its subsidiary chanties, shall, subject to the provision in the scheme requiring such form of worship to be in accordance with the Polish or German ritual, be under the supervision and control of the Chief Rabbi. 159. Subject to the provisions of Clause 3 of the Deed of Foundation and Trust of the United Syna- gogue, the superintendence of this Synagogue and the maintenance of order therein during the perfor- mance of Divine Service, shall be vested in the "Warden President, or, in his absence, in the other Warden. If neither of these Officers be present, the duty of acting as Presiding Officer shall devolve in order of precedence on (a.} The Financial Representative. (b.) Any Past Honorary Officer, being a Seat- See Clause 57, in o i xi_ Schedule holder 01 this synagogue, who at the united Syna- date of the passing of the United Syna- gogue gogues Act was or had been an Honorary Officer of any Constituent Synagogue, according to his seniority of office. (c.) Any member of the Board of Management according to seniority of membership of the United Synagogue. 48 Past Wardens of this Synagogue since the date of the passing of the United Syna- gogues Act. (e.) Representatives of this Synagogue at the Council, according to seniority of member- ship of the United Synagogue. (/.) The senior JV3 7573 present, who is a Seat- holder in this Synagogue. (g.) Seatholders in the order of seniority of their tenure at any Constituent Synagogue. 1GO. The person upon whom the duty of presiding in this Synagogue shall devolve, shall, for the time being, be invested with all the authority of the Warden President. clause 6, 161. The Board of Management of a Constituent Foundation Synagogue shall not, without the sanction of the Chief and Trust. Rabbi, permit any person to preach therein. No person other than an accredited Officer of the United Synagogue shall perform religious service at a Con- stituent Synagogue, without the previous sanction of the Board of Management thereof, and of the Chief Rabbi. 162. All proclamations made in the Synagogue re- lating to religious services or observances shall be in the terms that may be directed by the Chief Rabbi, and shall be sanctioned by the Presiding Honorary Officer previously to being made therein. 163. The distribution of the J"VlP during Divine A % ' ' Service shall be made by the Presiding Officer in such order and manner as the Board of Management may from time to time determine ; priority being given to awn. 164. The Board of Management shall, subject to 49 the provisions of Cl. 3 of the Deed of Foundation and Trust, regulate the mode or precedence in which fc^Hp shall be said in the Synagogue by and persons observing London j^ Seatholders, according to seni- deletes this Bye-iaw. ority, shall be permitted to read HfcJ>K or 13J&D ^"iyE on the occasion of observing or being 72K for a parent, precedence being given to a Seatholder observing t 166. On tf:n NJynn seven miH nSD shall be taken out of the Ark for the rYlp!"l. The Presiding Officer shall take HD^m HN^IH and the DnfiD shall be presented in order to the following persons : (a.) The Warden; (b.) The Financial Representative; (c.) The min jnn and n^iSnn ;nn; (d.} Past Honorary Officers, being Seatholders of See clause 57 ... c -, i , c ^ of Schedule to this Synagogue, who at the date or the the United passing of the United Synagogues Act were Act! a gue Bai/swater,st. or had been Honorary Officers of a amixorthioli- Constituent Synagogue, according to donSynagogues fl.p:,. a PT1 i or ;t v o f offipp' sui>stitute"Pre- tneir senioruy 01 onicc, Sn (c.) Other persons in such order as the Board of Management may deter- mine. 167. On rnin nrw seven DnSD shall be taken out of the Ark, and shall be presented by the Presiding Officer in order to the following persons : (a.) |1H Reader; (b.) The Chief Rabbi, Dayan or Preacher ; (c.) The min jnn and the JVBWO pn ; (d.) The persons in the order directed by Bye- law 1G6, Sub-sections a, b, c, d and e. E 50 1G8. The Presiding Officer shall be pD on every occasion when such office does not devolve by law upon a member. 169. A JV3 ^yn, being a Seatholder, or a Seat- holder in this Synagogue who shall have occupied a seat at a Constituent Synagogue for not less than one year immediately preceding, shall be entitled to offici- ate as po on the occasion of his son becoming ?T) *O ; should the niD *O be an orphan, his nearest relative, being a JV3 SjD and Seatholder, or being a Seat- holder in any of the Constituent Synagogues for not less than one year immediately preceding, shall be entitled to the same privilege. 170. On the Sabbath previous to the celebration of a Marriage, when the bridegroom is called to the reading of the Law, the father of the bride or bride- groom, provided he be a JV1 7^1 and Seatholder, or a Seatholder who shall have occupied a seat at this or any other Constituent Synagogue for not less than one year immediately preceding, shall have the privi- lege of officiating as pD. In the event of the father being dead, then the nearest relative of the bride or bridegroom, such relative being a rV3 7JD and Seat- holder, or a Seatholder who shall have occupied a seat at this or any other Constituent Synagogue for not less than one year immediately preceding, shall have the like privilege. 171. Should several of the cases specified in Bye- laws 169 and 170 occur on the same Sabbath, the privi- lege of officiating as pD shall devolve upon that person of those entitled to such privilege, who is the senior JYn ^JD or Seatholder ; the parent of the ni "O, bride, or bridegroom, as the case may be, having the preference over any other relative, and in all 51 such cases an Honorary Officer shall have the right of priority; and Seatholders in this Synagogue shall have the right of priority over Seatholders in any other Constituent Synagogue. 172. On the Sabbath after the annual election of the Honorary Officers and Board of Management of this Synagogue, a "p^fc? '& shall be made in the Syna- gogue after the reading of the Law, in which the names of such Officers and of the Members of the Board for the ensuing year shall be proclaimed. 173. On 1133 DV arid on T rODft the prayer of DW) fctSfc SN shall be said, and a general mnn without names shall be made for all persons who have bequeathed money or other property to the United Synagogue, or to any of its subsidiary Chari- ties, or to any of its Constituent Synagogues. 174. On lisa DV ' preceding the In Bayswater .-,/.'./ \ , , and West End .livening bervice (^*iyib), on the seventh night of HOB, the night of and the first night of r\WW (except ""nit I > when such shall occur on Saturday even- . in the ing), immediately after the Afternoon J3oro' Syna- n / i_ Service nhJJb n/SH a list shall be read quest s of '2 2s. /, ,, r -\-\ i i to the Local, or of the names 01 all persons, having been Seatholders of this Synagogue, who have General Funds fa e ft an( j bequeathed the sum of 10 or are to be in- scribed on the upwards to the United Synagogue, or to memoriallist. r . any of its subsidiary Charities, or to any of its Constituent Synagogues. The names of persons not Seatholders, who have bequeathed money to the Congregation, shall be announced in such Constituent Synagogue as the Council shall direct. Should JTiyQ&y ^\y happen on. ,TQ&?, the same course shall be adopted on the second evening of ni^Qt? before the commencement of the Evening Service. E 2 52 175. When Q^ax attend the Synagogue on any Friday evening, their presence shall be announced, and they shall be received at the entrance of the Synagogue by the Chief Rabbi (if present) and the D\JTP1 Readers. CALLING OF PERSONS TO THE READING OF THE LAW AND OFFERINGS. See Bye-law jyQ ^hc order of precedence in (being called to the reading of the law) shall be as follows : (a.) The Chief Rabbi; (6.) The Wardens; (c.) The Financial Representative; See Clause 57 (d.) Past Honorary Officers, being Seatholders of of Schedule to J the United this bynagogue, who, at the date ol the Ac". ag ' passing of tlie United Synagogues Act, were or had been Honorary Officers of a Constituent Synagogue, according to their seniority of office ; (e.) Members of the Board of Management ; (/.) Past Honorary Officers of this Synagogue having held office since the date of the pass- ing of the United Synagogues Act, being Seatholders in this Synagogue ; (g.) Representatives of this Synagogue at the Council of the United Synagogue ; (h.) C*J"Q ^ya being Seatholders according to their registered seniority of Privileged Membership ; (/.) Seatholders in this Synagogue according to the registered seniority of their continuous 53 tenure of a seat in any of the Constituent Synagogues. 177. The Wardens shall direct the formation of a list of persons to be invited in rotation rninn HJOIpS to the reading of the Law in the order contained in Bye-law 176. 178. The Secretary shall forward a notice to each person on the list, apprising him of the day fixed for his being called to the reading of the Law, commencing on n^H tJW and proceeding according to the order of the list until HDS. Should the list riot be exhausted by HDS it shall be recom- menced and continued until the end of the list of Members comprised in the first seven Sub-sections of Bye-law 176, after which it shall be resumed where it was previously terminated. 179. The rotation provided for in Bye-law 176 shall be superseded on the occasion of the calling to the Law of the following persons, who are D*!3VPI ' (a.) A boy, on becoming pfiXD "13; (6.) A bridegroom on the rQK> previous to his marriage. (c.) The father or nearest male relation of a nrea-O boy; (d.) A husband on his wife's returning thanks after childbirth; (e.) A person on the day of his t^ (g.) (h.) A person desirous of returning thanks SblJP! on recovery from sickness, or escap- ing from danger, or returning from a journey, 54 The rotation may also be superseded by the Pre- siding Officer, to permit the relatives of any of the above, or any visitor, or any person attending the Synagogue, being called to the Law. 180. D'UVn shall not have any prior right to be called to the reading of the Law on the following days and times; iyian l, niB^ ITm D^ltD DWH D*/b* and Tf] '1 DV, (except as to persons on the day of their tD'WlN* on 'fil '1 DV), but they may be called to the Law on those days with the permission of the Presiding Officer. 181. Any person being a SVH shall give notice thereof to the Secretary on or before the Thurs- day preceding the rO> upon which he is to be called to the reading of the Law, and the Secretary shall communicate the same to the Warden President. In the event of the said person being twelve months OL* more in arrear of payment of his account to the Synagogue, the Warden President, in conjunction with the Financial Kepresentative, shall decide whether and upon what terms of payment such person shall be permitted to exercise the rights of a nvn or of po. 182. The Chief Rabbi is a 2VH on the following days : the fOB? previous to every BHP! >iO, the first days of rWH B>ani myO> hD3, and on mm nrw, "im rae>, n:w ras? and 183. Persons called to the reading of the Law shall only be permitted to make a *p3&y * in such manner as the Board of Management shall determine. 184. Any person, with the permission of the Pre- siding Officer, may make a special offering by means of a *p3fc? ' without being called to the reading of the 55 Law ; such offering shall be declared in the Synagogue at such period of the Service and in such manner as the Board of Management shall determine. n'B>srD |nn and mm ]nn 185. A Meeting of the Board of Management shall be held annually in or about the latter part of the month of Ellul, at which eight persons shall be selected by them from a list of the Seatholders in this Synagogue, and the two Seatholders having the highest number of votes shall be declared duly elected to the offices of mm jnn and 186. In the event of one or more of such persons declining to fill such offices, the next in rotation having the highest number of votes shall be deemed duly elected thereto. The names of the persons accepting such offices shall be announced in the Syna- gogue on the first day 187. In the event of all the persons who may be elected for the office of mm |nn, or of nBWn jnn, declining to serve, it shall devolve upon the Honorary Officers to fill the same. 188. The minn ]n and n'BWa jnn shall attend the Synagogue on min nnB> and nWH r\l& to be called to the reading of the Law, and during the service they shall be seated in the Wardens' box. MARRIAGES. 189. No Marriage shall be solemnised in connec- tion with this Synagogue, without the written autho- risation of the Chief Rabbi. 56 190. The Chief Rabbi's Certificate, authorising the solemnisation of the Marriage, together with the Superintendent Registrar's Certificate of the notice of Marriage (given by such Registrar in accordance vide 19 and 20 with the provisions of the 19 and 20 Viet., c. 119, Sees'.'* aid 9 9. Sec. 4), shall be delivered to the Secretary of this Synagogue by or on behalf of the parties contract- ing to marry, and if possible shall be left with him at least seven days previously to the intended solem- nisation of the Marriage. If such Marriage is to be solemnised by license, then the Chief Rabbi's Cer- tificate, and the Superintendent Registrar's Certificate (given under Sec. 9 of the before-mentioned Act), shall be left with the Secretary of this Synagogue as soon as they shall have been obtained. 191. In the event of a Bridegroom .being in arrear of payment of his account due to this Syna- gogue, the Warden President, in conjunction with the Financial Representative, shall decide whether, and upon what terms of payment such person shall be permitted to have the Marriage ceremony per- formed at or in connection with this Synagogue. Bye-law of Council. Bye-law of Council. Bye-law of Council. 192. No person shall be permitted to have the ceremony of marriage solemnised at or in connection with a Constituent Synagogue who is indebted to any other of the Constituent Synagogues, without the con- sent of the Honorary Officers of the Synagogue to which the debt is owing. 193. The special permission of the Chief Rabbi shall be required to authorise any officer of a Con- stituent Synagogue to solemnise marriages. 194. The Marriage ceremony of any seat/wider of a Constituent Synagogue, or of any person desirous of being married in connection with such Synagogue^ 57 shall, subject to the provisions of Bye-law 196, be solemnised by the Preacher or one of the Readers of the Constituent Synagogue of which the bridegroom is a seatholder, or of which he by marriage becomes a member. 195. The following fees and charges shall be paid Bye-law of for the solemnisation of a Marriage at or in connection with the Synagogue : The Chief Rabbi . . .110 Consolidated Charges . .220 When the Ceremony is not solemnised in the Synagogue or in the Synagogue Cham- bers, exclusive of cab fares .200 When the ceremony is solemnised at a distance beyond the radius of ten miles from the Constituent Synagogue in connection with which it is registered, a further charge of 2 2s. shall be made in addition to the above charges, which sum of 2 2s. shall be divided among the officers attending such marriage in such proportion as the Wardens of the Constituent Synagogue shall determine. 196. (a.) Should any member of a Constituent Bye-law of Synagogue, or person who by marriage becomes a member of a Constituent Synagogue, desire to have his marriage solemnised by a Preacher or Reader of the United Synagogue other than the Preacher or Reader of such Constituent Synagogue, he shall make application for the purpose, at least Jiftccn days before the date of the marriage, to the Secretary of the United Synagogue at the office of the same. (b.) The Preacher or Reader whose services are required under the previous sub-section for the solemnisation of a marriage, shall, on receiving an intimation to that effect from the Secretary of the 58 United Synagogue, comply with such request; and if there be more than one application for his services on the same day and hour, then he shall comply with such requests in the order of priority of application ; provided always that due regard be had by him to the prior right of members, or of persons icho by marriage become members, of his own special Syna- gogue, who shall have a preferential claim to his services over persons desirous of availing themselves thereof under Sub-Section a. (c.) The right of choosing a Preacher or Reader for the celebration of the marriage of a member, or of a person who becomes a member, of a Constituent Synagogue, other than the Minister of such Con- stituent Synagogue, is limited to the choice of such Preachers or Readers as are not at the same time official Registrars of Marriages. (d.) All applications to the Secretary of the United Synagogue, in accordance with Sub- Section a, for the services of a Preacher or Reader as the cele- brant of a marriage, shall be accompanied by a pay- ment of 3 85. to the funds of the United Synagogue, which sum shall be returned in the event of the services of such Preacher or Reader not being pro- cured. The said sum of 3 3s. is exclusive of, and in addition to, the Marriage Charges enumerated in Bye-Law 195. (e.) From the said amount of 3 35. the sum of 1 Is. shall be allowed in lieu of expenses to the Preacher or Reader officiating at the marriages of persons other than members, or persons becoming members, of his own Synagogue. Byo-iawof 197. (a.) Per sons desiring to be married at a lower rate than that specijied in Bye-law 195, shall be entitled to claim the right of being married for the sum of 10s. 6d. 59 (b.) Marriages celebrated under the conditions of Section a of this Bye-law, shall be solemnised at one of the so-called minor Synagogues. (c.) In the case of the marriage of Seatholders of any of the Constituent Synagogues, or of their children, or of persons who may have at any time been contributing Seatholders for any period amount- ing in the whole to two years, or of their children, a power of reduction or remission of the larger fee (speci- fied in Bye-law 195J shall be vested in any two of the Honorary Officers of that Synagogue, the Marriage to take place in the Synagogue of which the bride- groom is or becomes a member in the same manner as if the fees had not been reduced or remitted. Every application for such reduction or remission to be made on a form of application to be provided for the pur- pose, and to be submitted by the Secretary of this Synagogue to his Honorary Officers for decision. (d.) A similar power of remission of the smaller fee (specified in Section a of this Bye-law) shall be vested in the Overseers of the United Synagogue, with respect to marriages solemnised in one of the minor Synagogues, the marriage to take place tliere in the same manner as if the fee had not been remitted. Every application for such remission to be made on a form of application to be provided for the purpose, and to be addressed to the Secretary of the United Syna- gogue, who shall submit it to the Overseers for their decision. (e.) The Marriages celebrated at .one of the minor Synagogues, under Sections a, b, and d of this Bye-law, shall be solemnised by such one of the ac- credited Ministers of the Constituent Synagogues, and registered by such one of its Secretaries, or in such rotation, as the Executive Committee of the United Bye-law of Council. 60 Synagogue may from time to time determine; but persons marrying at one of the minor Synagogues shall not be entitled to avail themselves for the celebra- tion of marriage of the services of a Preacher or Reader other than the officers of the Synagogue in connection with which the marriage is registered. 198. All fees and charges payable upon the per- formance of a Marriage ceremony in connection with this Synagogue shall be collected by the Secretary previously to the solemnisation thereof. 199. The amount of the wedding charges (except the charge payable under Bye-law 196 d) shall be received as at present by the Constituent Synagogue in connection with which the marriage is registered, and such charges, except the fee payable to the Chiej Rabbi, shall be paid into the Cash account of the Synagogue. 200. All Marriages not solemnised at the private residences of either of the persons married, or in rooms provided by them, shall be solemnised, with- out distinction whatever of place, in the Synagogue, unless prevented by the actual performance therein of Divine Service, or by the Synagogue being under repair, or by the Marriage having been inadver- tently registered to take place at the Synagogue Chambers. Bye-law of 201. Full publicity shall be given, in such manner as the Executive Committee may from time to time deem advisable, to the regulations under which mar- riages may in future be solemnised at various rates, Pye-law of Council. 61 BOARD OF MANAGEMENT TO MAKE BYE-LAWS. 202. The Board of Management of a Constituent Sec. 5-2, Synagogue may make and submit to the Council Bye- united Vn laws for the regulation and management of matters gogues Acl ' of a local nature affecting the same Constituent Synagogue, and such Bye-laws shall be considered by the Council, and shall take effect, if and so far as the same shall be confirmed, and subject to any variations which may be made by the Council, provided that no such Bye-laws are repugnant to or inconsistent with this scheme or the Bye-laws of the United Synagogue for the time being in force. REPEAL OF OLD LAWS. 203. The foregoing Bye-laws shall commence and Bye-law of take effect from the date of the Meeting of Council con- firming the same (ti'T\r\ JIBTI !Y3 November 2nd, 1880), and thereupon all the old Laws and Regulations of this Synagogue shall be and are hereby repealed in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 52 of the Schedule to the United Synagogues Act. 02 EXTEACTS from ACTS of PARLIAMENT REGULATING MARRIAGES. c and 7 will. Persons professing the Jewish religion may Extract from continue to contract and solemnise Marriages accord- ing to the usages of the said persons respectively; and every such Marriage is hereby declared and con- firmed good in law, provided that the parties to such Marriage be both persons professing the Jewish religion respectively ; provided also that notice to the Registrar shall have been given and the Registrar's certificate shall have been issued in manner hereinafter provided. 6 and 7 wm. In every case oj marriage intended to be Extract from solemnised in England according to the usages of the Jews, one of the parties shall give notice under his or her hand in the form (contained in the vide 19 and 20 schedule annexed to 19 and 20 Viet., c. 119, sec. 3) Viet. c. 119 Sec. V to the Superintendent Registrar of the district within which the parties shall have dwelt for not less than seven days then next preceding, or if the parties dwell in the districts of different Superintendent Registrars, shall give the like notice to the Superin- tendent Registrar of each district, and shall state therein the names and surnames, and the profession or condition of each of the parties intending Marriage, the dwelling place of each of them, and the time, not leing less than seven days, during which each G3 has dwelt therein, and the building in which the Marriage is to be solemnised ; provided that if either party shall have dwelt in the place stated in the notice during more than one calendar month, it may be stated therein that he or she hath dwelt there one month and upwards. Any marriages according to the usages of per- 19 and 20 Viet. sons professing the 'Jewish religion, where the parties Extract from thereto are both persons professing the Jewish Sec- 21 * religion, may be solemnised by license (which license the Superintendent Registrar to whom notice of the intended Marriage shall have been given is authorised to grant) as effectually in all respects as if such Marriage were solemnised after the issue of a certificate by such Superintendent Registrar. The Registrar- General shall furnish or cause 6 and 7 Will. to be furnished to every person whom the President Extract from for the time being of the London Committee of Deputies of the British Jews shall from time to time certify in writing under his hand to the Registrar- General to be the /Secretary of a Synagogue in England of persons professing the Jewish religion, a sufficient number in duplicate of Marriage Register Books, and Forms for certified copies thereof. Every Secretary of a Synagogue, immediately Jy nd 7 8 y iu * after every Marriage solemnised between any two Extract from persons professing the Jewish religion, of whom the husband shall belong to the Synagogue whereof he is Secretary, shall register, or cause to be regis- tered, in duplicate, in two of the said Marriage Register Books, the several particulars relating to that marriage, according to the form of the schedule (annexed to the Act), and every such Secretary, whether he shall or shall not be present at such marriage, shall satisfy himself that the proceedings in relation thereto have been conformable to the 64 usages of the persons professing the Jewish religion, and every such entry as hereinbefore is mentioned (made by such Secretary as aforesaid), shall be signed by the said Secretary, and by the parties married, and by two witnesses, and shall be made in order, from the beginning to the end of each book ; and the number of the place of entry in each duplicate Marriage Register Boole shall be the same. iv lld c "seT' 11 ' Every Secretary shall, in the months of April, Extract from July, October, and January, respectively, make and deliver to the Superintendent Registrar of the district which may be assigned by the Registrar- General to such Secretary, on durable materials, a true copy, certified by him under his hand, of all the entries of Marriages in the Register Book kept by him since the last certificate, and to contain all the entries made up to that time ;* and if there shall have been no Marriage entered therein since the last certificate, shall certify the fact under his hand, and shall keep the said Marriage Register Books safely until the same shall be filed; and one copy of every such Register Book, when filled, shall be delivered to the Superintendent Registrar of the district which shall have been assigned to such Secretary ; and the other copy of every such Register Book of Marriages among persons profess- ing the Jewish religion shall remain under the care of the said persons, to be kept with their other registers and records, and shall for the purposes of this Act be still deemed to be in the keeping of the Secretary for the time being. ,f * By 1 Viet., c. 22, sec. 6, the certified copies are to be made up and to refer respectively to the last days of March, June, September, and December then next preceding. 1" By 1 Viet., c. 22, sec. 28, neglect to comply with the provisions of the 33rd sec. of 6 and 1 Will. IV., c. 86, subjects the offender to a penalty of 10. INDEX. CLAUSE ?, attendance of, in Synagogue ... ... ... 175 Accounts (Annual see Balance Sheet and Estimates) collection of ... ... ... ... ... ... 144 compromise of debts ... ... ... ... ...23,63 issue of Members' ... ... ... ... 65,133 Agreements to be signed by officials ... ... ... 157 Arrears, bridegroom in ... ... ... ... 191, 192 letting of seats to persons in ... ... ... ... 65 persons in, not qualified to be elected ... 84/.<7. 85, 103 persons in, not qualified to vote ... ... 84/.#., 85, 107 seats liable to forfeiture in ... ... ... .. 63 DMVH in arrears ... ... ... ... ... 181 Auditors, Board of Management to appoint 48 duties of ' 49 Balance Sheet and Estimates preparation of 27,39 extraordinary expenditure in budgets ... ... 69 to be submitted annually (1st) to Board of Manage- ment 36, 49 to be submitted annually (2nd) to Finance Com- mittee 36,49 to be submitted annually (3rd) to Council ... ... 39 Beadle, duties of 147152 Bequests, announcement in Synagogue ... ... ... 174 commemoration of ... ... ... ... 173 how to be recorded ... ... ... ... 66 Bequests and Trusts Committee Board of Management to elect a member of Births, Secretary to keep register of Secretary to issue certificates of Board of Deputies seatholders to vote for representatives at ... ... 4/? seatholders eligible to be elected representatives at 5 Board of Management functions of, and times of meeting ... further powers of accounts to be submitted annually to ... ... 36, 49 collection of accounts subject to control of I 44 F 66 INDEX. CLAUSE Board of Management (continued) constitution of ... ... ... ... ... 14,85,90 Financial Representative member of... ... ...14,90 majority of to decide questions ... ... ... 71 may grant free seats ... ... ... ... ... 62 may make bye-laws ... ... ... ... ... 202 Meetings of 67 Beadle to be in attendance at ... ... ... 150 casting vote of Chairman of Chairman of ... ... ... ... ... 70 confirmation of minutes of minutes of quorum ... requisition for special meetings of Secretary to attend ... ... ... 72, 131 summonses to ... ... ... ... 68, 131 Wardens to preside at ... ... ... ... 70 members of, receiving charity ... ... ... 105 ni>*p to be distributed as determined by ... 163, 166 misconduct of salaried officers to be considered by... 45 no person to read in Synagogue without sanction of 161 number of Committeemen ... ... ... ... 14 official costume of readers to be approved by ... 113 power to appoint salaried officers ... ... 40, 107, 144 power to direct repairs ... ... ... ...41,51 power to impose fines... ... ... ... ... 43 power to summon meetings ... ... ... ... 83 power to suspend local rights of seatholders in arrear 12 Preacher's duties to be determined by ... ... 109 questions of light and air questions of repairs ... ... ... ... ... 51 regulate mode of saying LS^p ... ... ... 164 resolution of dismissal of salaried officers to be sub- mitted to the Council ... ... ... ... 45 seatholder eligible to be member of ... ... ... 5d seatholders may vote at elections of ... ... ... 4B seats subject to forfeiture by ... ... ... ... 63 subject to control of Council ... ... ... ... 47 superintend preparation of budget and estimates ... 27 supervision and control of salaried officers ... ... 40 to appoint auditors ... ... ... ... ... 48 to appoint collector ... ... ... ... ... 144 to apportion burial duties ... ... ... ... 122 to declare vacancies in salaried offices ... ... 107 to determine manner and time of making a p^B'VD 183, 184 to determine necessity of electing successors ... 106 to direct how bequests shall be recorded ... ... 66 to elect one of their number on committees of the United Synagogue ... ... ... ... ... 44 to elect nnwni min jnn 185 to fix seat rentals ... ... ... ... ... 53 to fix time for secretary's attendance at office ... 142 INDEX. 67 CLAUSE Board of Management (continued) to fix time for election of salaried officers ... ... 42 to prepare and submit budget ... ... ... 39 to regulate order of service ... ... ... ... 114 to report to Council duties required of salaried officers 108 to report when privileged member forfeits seat .. 64 Building Committee, duties of 50,51,52 Board of Mangement to elect a member of... ... 44 questions of light and air ... ... ... ... 52 repairs at Constituent Synagogues ... ... ... 51 supervision of properties of United Synagogue ... 50 Burial Society Board of Management to apportion among its Ministers duties of ... ... ... ... ... 122 Board of Management to elect a Member of the Committee of ... ... ... ... ... 44 duty of Eabbi of 118 Readers to officiate ... ... ... ... ... 121 Bye Laws, Board of Management may make ... ... 202 date of present... ... ... ... ... ... 203 to be confirmed by Council ... ... ... ... 202 imp ^3, duties of 124,125,126 H^O Jinn, Readers to attend 117 ITlVD "O, power to refuse a youth to read ... ... 125 Eeaders to ascertain competency of youth to read ... 1 24 relatives entitled to act as pD ... ... ... 169 Charity, persons in receipt of, not qualified to hold office 105 Chairman of Board of Management ... ... ... 70 casting vote of ... ... ... ... ... ...71,79 Chief Eabbi, D^>3N attending Synagogue to be received by 1 75 fee for marriages ... ... ... ... ... 195 marriages to receive authorisation of ... 189,190 no person to conduct religious service without con- sent of ... ... ... ; . . ... ... 161 officers to receive permission from, to solemnise marriages ... ... ... ... ... ... 193 proclamations as directed by ... ... ... ... 162 religious service under control of ... ... 158 when a HIT! 182 Clause 47 of Act, expenditure under ... ... ... 25i Collection of Accounts duties of collector ... ... 145 mode of 144 sureties of collector ... ... ... . . 1 46 Committee (see Board of Management}. Compromise Accounts, Financial Eepresentative em- powered to ... Honorary Officers empowered to ... ... ... 63 Congregation, how constituted Constitution of Board of Management ... 14,85,90 Congregation ... Council of United Synagogue... ... ... . 84 F2 68 INDEX. CLAUSE Council of United Synagogue constitution of ... ... ... ... ... ... 84 biennial election for ... ... ... ... ... 89 election of Representatives at ... ... ... 84/ 1 election of a successor to Representative ... ... 106 Beadle to be in attendance at all meetings of ... 150 Board of Management under control of ... ... 47 bye-laws to be confirmed by ... ... ... ... 202 budget to be submitted to ... ... ... ... 39 dismissal of salaried officers subject to ... ... 45 fines to be under control of ... ... ... ... 43 incapacity to act as member of ... ... ... 86 local secretaries to attend meetings of ... ... 132 meetings to be convoked when required by... ... 82 members of, receiving charity ... ... ... 105 number of representatives at ... ... ... ...84,89 privileged members (non-seatholders) may vote at elections for ... ... ... ... ... ... 7 refusal to convoke meetings when required by ... 83 resignation of member of ... ... ... ... 86 seatholder eligible to be member of ... ... ... 5a seatholder entitled to vote for representatives of ... 4B Beat rentals to be submitted to ... ... ... 53 to determine date of elections ... ... ... 87 to determine duties required of salaried officers 108, 127 to determine powers of Board of Management ... 46 to direct how bequests shall be recorded ... ... 66 Demand Notes, monthly ... ... ... ... ... 25 Definition of membership of United Synagogue ... 1 Divine Service (see Religious Service}. Dismissal or suspension of salaried officers ... 45, 157 Duties of Beadle 147152 K"rtp ^yn 124126 Collector 145146 Financial Representative 21 37 Rabbi of Burial Society 118 Preachers Readers 109 127 Secretary 128 143 Wardens 1720 Elections, casting vote at ... ... ... ... ... 102 fines for refusing to act after being elected ... 43 for Board of Management ... ... ... ... 85,90 for Committees of United Synagogue ... ... 44 for Council of United Synagogue ... ... ...84/, 89 for Financial Representative ... ... ... 91 for Wardens and Committeemen ... ... ... 90 mode of voting ... ... ... ... ... 98 "1"Q&' *D for persons elected ... ... ... ... 172 Nomination list to be forwarded to electors... ... 97 Nomination papers for ... ... ... ...92 97 of successors ... ... ... ... ... ... 106 persons eligible for 84, 85, 95, 103, 105 INDEX. 69 Y CLAUSB Elections (continued) persons receiving charity not eligible ... ... 105 poll at 88,104 refusal to serve ... ... ... ... ... 101 result of ... ... ... ... 100 salaried officers may not vote at ... ... ... 105 scrutineers at ... ... ... ... ... ... 104 seatholders entitled to vote at ... ... ... 42?, 99 Secretary to prepare papers for ... ... ... 141 time of holding annual ... ... ... ... 87, 88 Elections for salaried officers persons entitled to vote at ... ... ... 4^ 107 salary not exceeding 30 ... ... ... ...40,107 time to be fixed by Board of Management ... ...42, 107 Estimates, etc. (see Balance Sheet and Estimates}. Executive Committee of the United Synagogue power to give publicity to marriage regulations ... 201 power to suspend all rights of privileged members 10, 11 report of number of free seats to be made to ... 62 report of number of half-price seats to be made to 61 report when privileged member forfeits seat to bo made to ... ... ... ... ... ... 64 to assess for retention of membership ... ... 3 to assess non-seatholders ... ... ... ... 2 to assess privileged members ... ... 1,10 to determine rotation of duties of Ministers to solemnise marriages at the minor Synagogues ... 197 Expenditure of money (see Eeceipt and Expenditure of money). Finance Committee to issue instructions concerning accounts ... ... ... ... ... ... 29 to receive annual accounts in print ... ... ... 36, 49 Financial Representative, arrangement for expenditure during January and February ... ... ... 28 collection under d irection of ... ... ... ... 144 demand notes to be signed by ... ... ... 25 form of accounts to be under supervision of ... 29 member of Board of Management ... ... ... 15,90 mode of election of ... ... ... ... ... 91 payments to Bank under supervision of ... ... 24 power to compromise debts ... ... ... 23,181,191 rank and title ... ... ... ... 15,21 seatholders eligible to be elected ... ... ... 5d to be an honorary officer ... ... ... ... 16 to compare and certify correctness of inventory ... 32 to examine and inspect books ... ... 35 to examine and sign members' accounts ... 37 to notify additions of property to Council ... 31 to prepare financial statements 26 to receive inventory of property .,. ...30,140 to sign and forward copy of inventory to Secretary of United Synagogue ... ... 31 70 INDEX. CLAfSE Financial Representative (continued') to submit accounts annually ... ... ... ... 36 to superintend preparation of budget and estimate 27, 49 to superintend receipt and expenditure of money ...22, 144 to superintend receipt of 7ptJTl JVtfno ... ... 34 Financial statements to be forwarded when requested ... 26 Fines, Board of Management may impose ... ... 43 subject to approbation of the Council ... ... 43 Form of Worship (see also Religious Service}. ... ... 158 Free seats ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 62 Funerals, duties of Readers ... ... ... ... 118 at Willesden, of non-members ... ... ... 1186 General Meeting ... ... ... ... ... ... 75 Government of Synagogue ... ... ... 14,15,16 Honorary Officers consent for lending property ... 33 direct letting of seats ... ... ... ... ... 54 fQK> > after election for 172 power to compromise debts ... ... ... ...63, 192 power to reduce or remit marriage fees ... ... 197c power to suspend salaried officers ... ... ... 45 priority in officiating as po 171 to be rvpsna jnn and min jnn 187 to take chair at meetings ... ... ... ... 77 Wardens and Financial Representative to be termed 16 Half-price seats, regulations for letting (see also Seats) 56 61 days when no priority can be claimed ... ... 180 days when the Chief Rabbi is a SITl... ... ... 182 must intimate fact to Secretary ... ... ... 181 order of being called to the Reading of the Law ... 6, 179 mm ann 4a, 185188 Inventory of property ... ... ... ... ...30 32 order of precedence for recital of ... ... ... 164 seatholders entitled to recite ... ... ... ... 6c IWlp (see Heading of the Law). Lending property ... ... ... ... ... ... 33 Light and air, questions affecting ... ... ... 52 Marriages : bridegroom in arrears ... ... ... 191,192 Chief Rabbi's authorisation for ... ... ... 189 Chief Rabbi's and Registrar's certificates to be de- livered to the Secretary ... ... ... ... 190 fees 195, 196<7, 197, 198 fees, reduction or remission of ... ... 197c & d fees to be collected by Secretary ... ... ... 198 fees to be paid to Constituent Synagogues ... ... 199 no distinction of place in Synagogue for ... ... 200 officers to receive Chief Rabbi's permission to solemnise ... ... ... ... ... ... 193 priority of celebration of ... ... ... ... 116 publicity of regulations --. ... ... ... 201 Readers to attend at solemnisation of ...116, 196, 1970 Secretary to attest nznro ... 134,135 INDEX. 71 ,.. . CLAUSE Marriages (continued) Secretary to issue certificates of ... ... ... 133 Secretary to register all 116,134,135,136 solemnisation of ... ... ... 194 1970 at minor Synagogues ... ... ... ... ... 197^ fee for 197 a fee, reduction or remission of ... ... ... 197rf Readers to perform ceremony ... ... ... 197^ by selected Ministers ... ... .;. ... 196a choice of Minister limited ... ... ... 196c fee for 196^ requests to be answered in order of priority ... 1966 special allowance to Minister officiating ... 196 e Meetings : casting vote at 71,79 chairman of ... ... ... ... ... ... 70 77 issue of summonses for ... ... ... 68,76,131 majority to decide questions at ... ... ... 71, 78 minutes of ... ... ... ... ... ... 72 confirmation of minutes of ... ... ... ... 73 of Board of Management ... ... ... ... 67 power of Council to convoke ... ... ... ... 82 quorum at 71,75,81 refusal to convoke ... ... ... ... ... 83 requisition for special meeting of Board ... ... 74 5 , ,, general meeting ... ... 75 secretary to attend 72,131,132 summonses to contain notices of money votes ... 69, 76 voting at ... ... ... ... ... ... 80 "p3t{> V3, manner of making ... ... ... ... 183 on Sabbath after annual election ... ... ... 172 time for making special ... ... ... ... 184 JliVP, distribution of 163,166,167 Members' accounts to be examined and signed prior to issue... ... ... ... ... ... ... 37 Members of United Synagogue ... ... ... ... 1 3 Membership of Congregation, seniority of, how calculated 3,9,119 Money Votes, summonses to contain notices of special ... 69 7pBTl JVSno, Financial Representative to superintend receipt of ... ... ... ... ... ... 34 Nomination for honorary offices ... ... ... ... 92 papers, invalidation of ... ... ... ... 93 papers, time for filling up ... ... ... ... 92 list, names of gentlemen retiring from office to be placed on ... ... ... ... ... ... 96 list, persons objecting to be placed on ... ... 94 list, preparation of ... ... ... ... ... 94, 95 list to be forwarded to electors ... ... ... 97 Non-seatholders may acquire membership of United Synagogue ... ... ... ... 2 calculation of seniority of membership of ... ... 3 (Privileged Members), rights of ... ... ... 7 72 INDEX. CLAVSE Notice Papers, consent for affixing 20 Officials (see Salaried Officers) Order of Precedence among privileged members and seatholders 13, 159, 163 for carrying min nSD on Nm KWIH 166 for carrying min nDD on min nriDK> 167 for officiating as po ... ... ... ... ... 171 for being called to the Beading of the Law ... 176 for niyp 163 for reciting ^Ip ... ... ... ... ... 164 Overseers of the Poor of the United Synagogue power to remit marriage fee at minor Synagogues... 197 d seatholders eligible to be elected ... ... ... 5c Payments to the bank ... ... ... ... ... 130 Preacher (see also Reader and Preacher"] appointment of ... ... ... ... ... 109 duties at house of mourning 110, 118, 119 officer of congregation ... ... ... ... Ill Proclamations, general ... ... ... ... ... 20 relating to religious service ... ... ... ... 162 Property of Synagogue, additions to be notified to Council 31 may be lent ... ... ... ... ... ... 33 Secretary responsible for safe custody of ... ... 139 Secretary to prepare inventory of ... ... 30,140 (see also Inventory of Property.) Properties of United Synagogue, under supervision of Building Committee ... ... ... ... 50 Privileged Members, assessment for maintenance of membership... ... ... ... ... ... 1 forfeiture of seat by ... ... ... ... ... 64 order of precedence of... ... ... ... ... 13 priority of attendance of officials ... ... 116, 117 retention of rights of ... ... ... ... ... 8 rights of, liable to forfeiture ... ... ... ... 11 non-seatholders entitled to vote at election for Council... ... 7 entitled to vote at election for salaried officers... 107 rights of ... ... ... ... ... ... 7 rights of, liable to forfeiture ... ... ... 10 salaried officers to retain rights of ... ... 153 to pay annual assessment ... ... ... 10 Qualification for representatives at the Council ... ... 84 Ditto ditto at Board of Management 85 Quorum at meetings of Board of Management ... ... 71 Ditto General Meetings of Seatholders ... ... 75,81 Reader, Preacher (see also Preacher) D^2N attending Synagogue to be received by ... 175 accredited officer of Congregation ... ... ... Ill appointment and duties of Preacher... ... 109, 110, 127 attendance of, at n^D TVO 117 attendance of, at solemnization of marriages,. 116, 194, 196 INDEX. 73 CLAUSE Eeader, Preacher (continued] attendance of, in Synagogue 112, 117, 126 attendance of, in Synagogue, on wife of seatholder returning thanks after childbirth ... ... ... 117 to ascertain competency of youth to read a runs 124, 126 duties of, at house of mourning ... 110, 118, 119, 120 duties of, at houses of sick or dying ... ... 120 duties of, in regard to funerals, etc. ... 118, 122 duties of Klip "pyi 124126 inability to perform Divine Service ... ... ... 115 official costume of ... ... ... ... ... 113 performance of Divine Service ... ... ... 114 preparation of mm nSD, etc. 123 seatholders entitled to attendance of... ... 6d, 110 special fee for solemnizing marriages of non- members ... ... ... ... ... ... 196<; to act for Rabbi of Burial Ground ... ... ... 121 to perform clerical duties when required ... ... 127 Reading of the Law TOP ' 184 order of precedence for being called to ... 176,177 rotation may be superseded ... ... ... ... 179 seatholders entitled to be called to ... ... ... 66 Secretary to apprise persons who are to be called to 178 Wardens to direct who shall be called to ... ... 177 when the Chief Eabbi is a nvn 182 when D^Vn have no prior right to be called to ... 180 D^Vn must intimate fact to Secretary ... ... 181 Receipt and Expenditure of money accounts to be submitted annually ... ... ... 36 auditors to inspect ... ... ... ... ... 49 arrangements for January and February ... ... 28 balance sheet and estimate to be prepared ... ... 27 books and accounts to be examined by Financial Representative ... ... ... ... ... 3o expenditure under Clause 47 of Act... ... ... 25b Financial Representative to superintend 22 moneys to be paid to the bankers of the United Synagogue ... ... ... ... ... 24 monthly demand notes to be forwarded to the Se- cretary of the United Synagogue 25 to be regulated by Annual Budget 39 Treasurers of United Synagogue to have general superintendence of ... Reduction or remission of marriage fees, power of 197c & d Refusal to accept office ... ... ... ... ...43,101 to act as rrtJ>K-a jnm min inn 187 Religious Service D^3S to be announced ... ... 175 announcement in Synagogue of bequests . . . attendance of officials at t.f ! H2 74 INDEX. CLAUSE Keligious Service (continued) Beadle to open Synagogue for ... ... ... 147 distribution of niVP ... 163 for persons who have made bequests... ... 173 O to honorary officers after election ... ... 172 order of performance of ... ... ... ... 114 order of precedence for the performance of... ... 159 order of precedence for the nispn on Km NWIH ... 166 order of precedence for the niQpn on Him nnDK> ... 167 person presiding to have authority of Warden Pre- sident 160 persons who may perform ... ... ... ... 161 preparation of requisite's for ... ... ... ... 123 presiding officer to act as po... ... ... ... 168 priority of seatholders to act as }}D ... ... ... 171 when seatholders may act as |3D ... ... 169 170 proclamations to be sanctioned ... ... ... 162 recital of PHp 164 seatholders permitted to read portion of ... ... 165 tinder supervision of Chief Rabbi ... ... 158,161 Wardens to have general superintendence of ... 17, 159 Belief, persons in receipt of congregational, not eligible to hold office ... ... ... ... ... 105 Repairs, Board of Management power to direct... ... 41, 51 Building Committee's duties 50,51,52 Eepeal of old laws 203 Eesignation of Warden, how to elect a successor in case of ... ... ... ... ... ... 85 of Representative at Council, how to elect a successor in case of ... ... ... ... ... ... 86 Retention of membership of Congregation ... ... 3 Rights of privileged members retained ... ... ... 1,8 of privileged members liable to forfeiture ... ... 10, 11 of salaried officers ... ... ... ... ... 153 of seatholders ... ... ... ... ... ... 4, 5, 6 of seatholders (local) may be suspended ... ... 12 PD, order of precedence of seatholders to officiate as ... 171 Warden President to officiate as ... ... ...19, 168 when seatholders may officiate as ... ... 6a, 169, 170 Salaried Officers, agreements to be signed by ... ... 157 dismissal or suspension of ... ... ... ... 45 duties and salary to be determined by the Council... 108 election of, if salary under 30 per annum... ... 40 election of, if salary above 30 per annum... ... 107 election of, date to be fixed by Board of Management 42 exempt from payment of Synagogue charges ... 153 general laws respecting ... ... ... 153 157 not eligible to serve on Committees, etc. ... 105, 153 not to engage in trade ... ... ... ... 155 officers of United Synagogue... ... ... ... 156 may not absent himself from his duties ... ... 154 permission for leave of absence ... ... ... 154 75 CLAUSE Salaried Officers (continued) seatholders entitled to vote at election of ... ... 47? under control of Board of Management 40 Seatholders, eligible for members of Council of United Synagogue 84.P eligible for rvpN-a jnm rnin inn ... 4 a in arrears 55, 63 local rights may be suspended ... ... ... 12 order of precedence of ... ... ... ...13 159 permitted to read a portion of the Service ... ... 165 priority for officiating as JiD ... ... ... ... 171 priority of attendance of officials 116,117 rights of 4, 5, 6 voting rights of ... ... ... ... ... 4JB t 99 what honorary offices may be held by ... ... 5 when entitled to attendance of Eeaders, 6d, 1 10, 1 18, 1 19, 120 when entitled to be called to the Reading of the Law 6b when entitled to officiate as }3D ... ... 6a, 169, 170 when entitled to recite B'Hp ... ... ... ...6c, 164 Seats, free ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 62 forfeiture of, by privileged members ... ... 64 honorary officers to direct letting of... ... ... 54 , issue of accounts for ... ... ... ... ... 65 liable to forfeiture 63,64 rentals to be fixed by Board of Management ... 53 rentals subject to variation by Council ... ... 53 to person indebted ... ... ... ... ... 55 at Half Price applications for ... ... ... 57 Board of Management to limit number of ... 61 conditions of renting ... ... ... ... 60 number let to be reported ... ... ... 61 persons holding, entitled to vote ... ... 99 regulations for ... ... ... ... ... 56 three years' occupancy ... ... ... ... 58 to persons above the age of 25 ... ... ... 59 Secretary, duties of 129142 accredited officer of Congregation ... ... ... 128 attendance at meetings of Council, etc. ... 72, 131, 132 attendance at office ... ... ... ... ... 142 Chief Rabbi's authorisation of marriage to be delivered to ... ... ... ... ... ... 190 to attest nmrD 134, 135 to keep nama books 137 to register marriages ... ... ... ...116, 134, 135 to collect marriage fees ... ... ... ... 198 to submit to honorary officers applications for re- duction, etc., of marriage fees ... ... .-. 197c collection under direction of ... ... ... ... 144 moneys collected to be handed to ... ... ... 145 payments to the bank by ... ... 130 responsible for safe custody of property to prepare inventory of property ... 30,140 76 INDEX. CLAUSE Secretary (continued) sureties of ... ... ... ... ... ... 143 to apprise persons when selected to be called to the Beading of the Law ... ... ... ... 178 to communicate names of D^ITl to Wardens ... 181 to issue summonses ... ... ... ... 68, 131 to prepare nomination papers ... 94,95, 97, 141 to prepare election papers ... ... ... ... 141 to prepare members' accounts ... ... ... 133 to register births ... ... ... ... ... 136 to issue certificates of births ... ... ... ... 138 Secretary of United Synagogue application for remission of marriage fees at minor Synagogues to be made to ... ... ... ... IQfd application for special minister to solemnise marriage to be made to 196,1965 inventory of property to be forwarded to ... ... 31 may inspect accounts, books, etc., of Constituent Synagogues... ... ... ... ... ... 129 monthly demand notes to be forwarded to ... ... 25 Seniority of Membership, how calculated ... 3, 9, 119 privileges according to ... ... 6, 116, 117, 159 Service in the Synagogue (see Religious Service). Scrutineers, appointment and duties of ... ... ... 104 Summons to meetings ... ... ... ... 68, 76, 131 Sureties of Collector ... ... ... ... ... 146 Secretary ... ... ... ... ... 143 Suspension or dismissal of salaried officers ... 45, 157 Tombstones, regulations for setting ... ... ... 118c Treasurers of United Synagogue power to request Financial Statements ... ... 26 seatholders eligible to be elected ... ... ... 5b to have general superintendence of moneys... ... 22 United Synagogue, definition of member of ... ... 1 Council of seatholders eligible to be elected members of 5a seatholders entitled to vote for representatives at 4.B (See also Council.") Overseers of the Poor of, seatholders eligible to be elected ... ... ... ... ... ... 5b Treasurers of, seatholders eligible to be elected ... 5c Voting by ballot at elections ... ... ... ... 98 casting vote at elections ... ... ... ... 102 for Members of Council ... ... ... ... 84F mode of 80,98 number of votes to decide elections ... ... ... 100 persons eligible to vote ... ... ... ... 99 Wardens duties of ... ... ... ... ... ... 17 election of ... ... ... ... ... ... 90 election of successor ... ... ... ... ... 106 resignation or incapacity to act ... , . . . . , 85 INDEX. 77 CLACSE Wardens (continued) seatholders eligible to be elected ... ... ... 5d to arrange rota of duties ... ... ... ... 18 to be termed honorary officers ... ... ... 16 to direct who shall be called to the Heading of the Law ... 177 to preside at meetings... ... ... ... ... 70 to preside in the Synagogue ... ... ... ... 17 Warden President power of delegating the function of, or to officiate as, JJD ... 18, 168 power to order certificates of birth, etc., to be issued without fee 138 power to withhold permission for youth to read a nena 125 power to suspend salaried officers ... ... ... 45 refusal of, to convoke meetings ... ... ... 83 to convoke meetings 67,74,75,82,88 to decide on what terms a bridegroom in arrears may have the marriage ceremony performed ... 191 to decide concerning a UITJ in arrears ... ... 181 to superintend performance of Synagogue Service ... 159 Wedding charges (see Marriage Fees). . UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 41584 A 000 880 522 8