1 w ■f — University of California. CfTT^^T OT'-' / OEPT. ■— I— ..■■i^i ,1.,^^. I ^/ THE POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS UxNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PUBLISHKD IN ACCOHDAXCE WITH THE ACT OF CONGRESS APPEOTED MAECH 3,/i879/-' i Jj U ^^im COMPILED AND EDITED BY ARTHUR H. BISSELL, Law Ckrk of the Post-Office Department, AND THOMAS B. KIRBY, Private Secretary to the Postmaster-General. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1879. v\^' s^^ ORDER OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. Post-Office Depaetiment, Washington^ D. C, July 1, 1S79. The regulations herein contained are issued b}^ my authority and have my official sanction. All former regulations and rulings in con- flict, or at variance with those herein contained, are hereby abrogated. All postmasters and other postal officers and employes are required to return to the Post-Office Department all copies of former editions of the Postal Lavrs and Regulations immediately upon the receipt of the present volume. /3^0 6 M A- /c^ Vofitmaiiter-Gencral. CALIb'i.st€r at dav of , IS . E K R A T A . Page 34, section 5, for "June 19" read "June 17;" for "20 Stat., p. 201," read "20 Stat., p. 141." Page 42, section 34, for "tlieir respective nse" read "the respective use." Page 84, section 247, for " 19 Stat." read "18 Stat." Page 90, section 276, for "end of each month" read "end of each •week." Page 91, section 288, for "Return Letter Office" read "Dead Letter Office." Page 101, section 361, for "addressed to box-holders" read "addressed to box num- bers." Page 107, section 414, for "Division Superintendents" read "their Division Super- intendent." Page 114, section 443, line 8, for "rf" read "c." Page 11.5, section 449, line 2, strike out the word " only." Page 117, section 462, for "see section 442" read "see section 472." Page 143, change the foot-note to read as follows : "By the act of June 12, 1879 (see page 354), the time is extended to one year." Page 147, section 627, paragraph 4, line 2, for "of their depots" read "from their depots." Page 167, for" section 227" read "section 727." Page 170, for "section .5.57" read "section 757." Page 172, section 787, for "attendance book" read "record of arrivals and dei)art- Tires." Page 18.3, section 865, for "return-registry-receipt" read "registry-return-receipt." Page 314, section 1247, for "(R. S. 5434" read " R. S. 5534"; section 1248, for "R. S. 5435" read "R. S. 5535." Page 318, line 8, for "5265" read "5266." Page 319, line 1, for "tables" read "topographer." Page 320, add "American Rapid Telegraph Company, 41 Wall street, New York, received and filed April 12, 1879." Postmasters atid oilier posfal officers and cnq'loyes must male these corrections in the proper places in the book as soon as they receive it. T ABLE TITLES AXn CHAPTERS. COXTAIXF.D IX THE POSTAL LAWS AXD REGULATIOXS. Pages. SPECL\L INSTRUCTIOXS TO TOSTMASTERS 27-28 SUGGESTIONS TO THE PUBLIC 29-31 TITLE 1. THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Chapter \. — Ougaxizatiox axd General Provisions 33-47 Sec. 1. Establishmeut of the Post-Office Department. 2. Assistant Postmasters-Geueral. 3. AVho may act as Postmaster-Geueral. 4. Assistant Attorney-General for the Post-Office Department. 5. Other officers of the Post-Office Department. G. Special agents and their salaries. 7. Acting special agents. 8. Special agents authorized to administer oaths. 9. Superintendent of railway mail service. 10, Payment of special agents. 11. Bonds requirt-cl of special agents. 12. Assignment of si)ecial agents. 13. Authority and powers of special agents. 14. Special agents' communications confidential. 15. Ju- risdiction over offenses against the postal laws. 16, Preliminary proceedings before whom. 17. When witness must give bond, 18. Special agents, how related to Postmaster-General. 19. Resi- dent foreign mail agencies. 20. Mail agents on ocean steamers. 21. Postal agencies in China and Japan. 22. Route agents, em- ployment of. 23. Railway postal clerks. 24. Oath of office. 25. "Who may aibninister oath. 26. Authority of Postmaster-General to prescribe regulations. 27. Distribution of the business of the Department. 28. Seal of the Post-Office Department. 29. Duties of the Postmaster-General. 30, Property in charge of the Depart- ment. 31, Postal arrangements with foreign countries. 32. Publi- cation of postal conventions. 33. Blank agency at Wa.shington. 34. Foreign dead letters. 35. Orders, contracts, etc., to be truly dated. 36. Form of bonds and contracts. 37. Copies of mail con- tracts for the Auditor. 38. Orders to be certified to the Auditor. 39. Credits for payments by postmasters. 40. Fines, penalties, for- feitures, etc., how remitted. 41. Discharge of imprisoned judg- ment debtors. 42. Such discharge no bar to execution. 43, Postal employes may not be interested in contracts. 44. Prescribed an- nual reports of the Postmaster-General. 45. Annual reports of the Auditor. 6 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Pages. CAop^er 1.— Organization and General Provisions — Continued 33-47 Sec. 46. Annual estimates of tlie Postmaster-General. 47. Esti- mates to be furnislied the Secretary of the Treasury. 48. Con- tracts signed by the First Assistant. 49. Contracts signed by the Second Assistant. 50. Contracts signed by the Third Assistant. 51. Omission to take oath not to affect liability, etc. 52. Suits and prosecutions in State courts. 53. Disbursements for topographer's office, how made. 54. No emj)loye to receive fees. Chapter 2. — Accounts, Eevenues, and Deposits 47-54 Sec. 55. Manner of keeping accounts. 56. Miscellaneous and money- order receipts. 57. Postal revenues to be accounted for. 58. Reve- nues to be appropriated for postal service. 59. Payments, how made; advances. 60. Transfer of debts to coutractoi's. 61. Suits to recover wrongful and fraudulent payments. 62. Delivery of stolen money to owner. 63. Disposal of tines, penalties, and forfeitures — of moi- eties. 64. Accounts to be preserved two years. 65. Restrictions on payments on account of postal service. 66. Postal revenues and collectious to be paid into Treasury. 67. Deposits, how brought into the Treasury. 68. Transfer of postal deposits. 69. Accounts of postal deposits. 70. Entry of each deposit, transfer, and payment. 71. Public moneys in Ti-easnry subject to draft of Treasurer. 72. Money to be safely kept by postmasters. 73. Custody of government money in bauds of postmasters. 74. Frequent deposits of revenues. 75. No money to be paid directly into the Departmeut. 76. Post- offices financially designated and classified. 77. Post-offices trans- ferred from one class to another. 78. Postmasters to transfer their deposits promptly. 79. Letter of trausmittal to state what. 80. Postmasters may transfer funds free. 81. Postmasters to report amounts paid mail messengers, etc. 82. Postmasters to report cause of failure to deposit. 83. Want of funds not accepted as ex- cuse. 84. Collection drafts must be paid. 85. Failure to deposit cause for removal, unless. Sd. Postmasters to pay over balance at end of quarter. 87. Postmasters at special post-offices to report balance. 83. Postmasters at special post-officas to transmit receipts promptly., 89. Payment to department must be in what. 90. No allowance made for expenses for payments, etc. 91. Counterfeit money to be replaced. 92. Postmasters at draft post-offices not to pay drafts on other post-offices. 93. Postmasters not required to redeem mutilated currency. 94. Postmasters to refuse mutilated coins. 95. All funds to be kept in current money. 93. Postmasters to sign certificates in person. 97. Postmasters not to receive for- eign coin. TITLE II. POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. Chapter 1 — Establishment of Post-Offices and Appointment of Post- MASTKRS — Of Bonds and Sureties 55-58 Sec. 98. Establishment of post-offices. 99. Discontinuance of post- offices. 100. Classification of ]>ostmaster8. 101. Appointment and term of office of postmasters. 102. Ai)pointments issued from office of First Assistant. 103. Postmasters' connuissions to be recorded and countersigned. 104. Residence of postmasters. 105. Bonds of ])(isf masters. 10t>. Application of payments after giving new bond. 107. Connuissions not issued to jiostinasters before ai)}»roval of bonds. CONTENTS BY SECTIONS. ( I'agc-B. Chiptrr 1 — KsrAiu.isiiMi:M or rosr-Oi-KiCES am> Ai'I'OINT.mkxt ok Post- MASTKKS — Ok 1{oN'I>S AND SlUKTIKS — Collt illllt'd 55-58 Skc. km. WIjo may In? apiMtiiitt^l postiiiastcr. WJ. Wlicii new Ixnnl is reiiuiivd. IKt. Limit of time of sureties' liability. 111. Ke- spousiliility of sureties upon postmaster's death. 112. Renewal of boiiostinasters at Presidential post-oHices. 117. Salaries of fourth-(;lass postmasters. 118. Penalties for false returns, unlawful sales of stamps. 119. Biennialreadjustment of salaries. 120. Orders atieeting salaries to be re](ovted to auditor. 121. Allowance for clerks at separatinjj post-oHlces. 122. Limit of salaries. 123. Application for readjustment of salaries. 124. Allowances for clerks and incidental expenses. 125. Allowances for extraordinary busi- ness. 120. Allowances to be fixed by order. 127. Allowances can- not exceed surplus revenues. 128. Keceipts rerjuired for i»ay of clerks employed. 129. Extra allowances to first and second class ]tost-otHces. 130. Appointment of clerks in post-offices. 131. Rostef of clerks, their duties and salaries. 132. Salaries and expenses may be deducted from receipts. 133. Vouchers for deductions to be sent to the auditor. 134. No postmaster to retain more than his salary, etc. 135. Compensation of postmasters pro tempore. Chapter 3 — Postage-stamps, Stamped Envelopes, and Postal Cards .... 04-70 Sec. 130. Postajt;e-stamps for prepayment of postage. 137. Postage- stam]»s, denominations of. 138. Stamped envelopes to be jirovided. 139. Stamped envelopes of how many kinds. 140. Postal cards to be provided. 141. I'ostal cards for use in Postal T'nion correspond- ence. 142. Exclusive issue of i)08tal cards by the department. 143. Letter-sheet envelopes, double postal cards, etc. 144. Improve- ments in stamps and envelopes. 145. Sale of stami>s at post-oflSces. 140. Postmasters to keep a supply of stamps. 147. Requisitions for stamps, etc., how to be made. 148. Rec^uisitions, when to be made. 149. Requisitions for special-request envelopes. 150. Postmasters not sujqdied with stanqis until conmiissioued. 1.51. Postmasters to count sujjplies when received. 152. Damaged supjdies, how to be treated. 153. Mistakes in printing special-request envelopes. 154. Postmaster to charge himself with stamps, etc. 155. No quarterly returns, no stam])s. 150. Postage-due stamps, newspajier and period- ical stamps. 157. Moneys received for sale of stanqis, how jyaid over. 158. Stamps for unpaid postage to be used, etc. 159. News- paper and periodical stamps, how used. 100. When supplies ex- hausted how to proceed. 101. I'ostmasters to report postage col- lected from publishers. 162. Monthly report of supplies by post- nuisters at Presidential oftices. 103. Postmasters to turn over supplies to successor. 164. Discontinued post-offices, disposition of snx)plie8. 165. No percentage to postmasters for sale of stamps, etc. 106. Rates governing sale of stamps, etc. 167. AflSdavit by post- masters claiming credit for stamps destroyed. 168. No credit to be allowed where office is robbed of stamps. 169. Exchange of i)Ost- age-stamps prohibited. 170. Postage on si)oiled stamped envelopes, when refunded, etc. 171 . Postal cards when spoiled to be redeemed. 8 POSTAL LAWS AXD REGULATIOXS, Pages. C7iflj>- 3— Postage-Stamps, Stamped Exvelopes, &c— Coatiuued 64-70 Sec. 172. Stamps, etc., redeemed to be seut to department with letter. 173. Postmasters lield to strict accountability for stamps. 174. Stamped envelopes, etc., to be sold at cost. 175. Postage-stamps sold at discount to designated agents. Chapter 4— Classification of Domestic Mail Matter axd Rates of Postage Thereox 71-85 Sec. 176. Mail matter divided into four classes. 177. First-class mat- ter defined. 178. Postage on first-class matter. 179. Soldiers', sailors', and marines' unpaid letters forwarded. 180. Prepayment required on otticers' letters. 181. Postage on delivered postal cards re-posted. 182. Other than first-class matter must be open to exam- ination. 183. Sealed packages, etc., to pay letter-rates. 184. Sec- ond-class matter defined. 185. Essential characteristics of second- class matter. 186. A known office of publication defined. 187. Advertising sheets defined. 188. Decision upon doubtful publica- tions. 189. Postmaster's entry of second-class publications. 190. Postage on second-class matter. 191. Weighing of second-class matter. 192. Manner of prepaying second-class matter. 193. Reg- ular subscribers defined. 194. Evidence of subscription-list may be required. 195. Sample copies at second-class rates. 196. Ad- mission of new publications to second-class rates. 197. Penalty for submitting false evidence as to a publication. 198. Postmasters to report the submission of false evidence. 199. Entry of second-class publications. 200. News-agents applying for second-class rates. 201. Evidence required of news-agents. 202. News-agents defined. 203. Sample copies defined. 204. Extra numbers not sample copies. 205. Sample copies to be mailed separately. 206. Supplements ad- mitted as second-class matter. 207. Definition of supplements. 208. Hand-bills and posters not supplements. 209. Prohibited ad- vertisements in second-class matter. 210. Examination of second- class matter. 211. Detention of suspected second-class matter. 212. Foreign publications admitted as second-class matter. 213. Examination of foreign publications. 214. Infringement of copy- right by foreign puldication. 215. Third-class matter and postage thereon. 216. Proof-sbeets defined. 217. Circulars defined. 218. Postage on circulars mailed in bulk for postmasters to distribute. 219. Printed matter defined. 220. Manifolding and type-writing not printing. 221, Fourth-class matter defined. 222. Unmailable matter. 223. Precautions against injury to the mails. 224. Post- mastei's responsible for admission of improper matter. 225. Ob- scene matter prohibited in the mails. 226. Lottery-circulars pro- hibited in the mails. 227. Lottery advertisements in second-class matter. 228. Postmasters responsible for admission of obscene matter to the mails. 229. Postage on fourth-class matter. 230. Treatmentof unmailable matter reaching its destination. 231. Per- missil>le additions to other than first-class matter. 232. Personal con-espondence negatively defined. 233. Letter-postage charged on prohibited writing or printing. 234. Form of bills accompanying ;second-class matter. 235. Newspapers to be wrapped and suffi- ciently dried. 236. Manner of ])resentiug second-class matter for mailing. 237. Manner of presenting third-class matter for mailing. 238. What a package of third-class matter may contain. 239. Free county publications. 240. Postage on second-class matter at free- deliverv offices. CONTENTS liV SECTIONS. r;i::.». Chapter 4— Ci.assiiica iikn ok 1><)Mi>ii( Mail Maih:!: ani> Uatks or I'OSTAiii«> nl' licf ((ninty jiublieaticuis subject to postajj^e. 24J!>. Congressional documents free ot'i>ostaj>e. 246. Conj^ressional Record and extracts therefrom free. 247. Seeds anil Rejtorts from Aj;ri- cultural Department free. 24.-^. Kemailinatch mail matter. 368. Time of closing the nuiil. 369. Preference given to letters over other mail matter, when. 370. Penalty for unlawfully detaining m?iil matter. 371. l^repaid matter to bo forward(!d if requested. 370. Erroneously delivered and re-directed inatter to be forwarded. 373. Letters mailed under cover to postmasters how treated. CONTENTS' BY SECTIONS. 11 J'agCH. Chapter V — DisrinisriiuN and Disi-atcii ok (»i;i>i.nai;v Do.mksik Mail Matter — Continued Hr2-l(i7 Sec. 374. Postmasters to rei-f ijtt lor coi»yri«;ht miittt-r. :57.">. I'ostajie- stamps to be eanceled. I{7rt. Return-stami>s on jxistal cards and letter-envelopes. 377. Manner of canceling stainiis. 378. Treatment of matter bearing canceled or impro[M'r stamps. 379. All mail matter other tlian second class to be ])ostmarked. 3'^0. Imjiressions to be taken of the dated stamp. 3-'l. How to secure U'tiible stam]>ini;:. 3H2. Treatment of tirst-class matter received in liail order. 3H:{. Distribution and disjiatch of mails. 384. No changes except in case of emergency. 385. Distribution of mails by schemes. 38^). What States shouhl be distributed. 387. Mail to be made up by States. 388. Local mail for railroad and steam- boat lines. 389. Other than local mail sent to railroad and steam- boat lines. 390. Making up local mail for railway lines. 391. Make direct packages for horse routes. 392. Making up mail beyond la.st post-office on stage-route. 39.5. Letters for delivery and for distri- bution in separate packages. 394. Direct packages. 39.5. Letters nnist not be plaied in jxiuch loose. 39r>. Facing slips to be used. 397. Checking errors. 398. Dispositiouofslijis received. 399. Ab- sence of slips on packages or in sacks. 400. Slips and schemes fur- nished. 401. Report of uuworked mail received. 402. Report of all irregularities. 403. No through iiouches by mail trains. 404. Changes in forwarding mails. 40.5. Hooks prohibited in handling mail bags. 40r). Letters with stamps canceled not to lie returned. 407. Letters not to be placed under straps of pouches. 408. Printed labels furnished to be returned. 409. Application tVu- printed labels. 410. Time of closing mails. 411. Pouches to be examined. 412. Mails stojiping over night. Chapter 10. — Superixtexdexts of Mails at Post-Offices of the First AND Second Classes 107-1U8 Sec. 413. Ap])ointnient of superintendents of nuiils. 414. General duties of superiuten.leuts of mails. 415. Record and report of errors in distribution. 416. Examination of slips. 417. Postmas- ters to be fu'.nished with the record. Chapter 11. — Case Examixatiox of Post-Office Clerks 108-109 Sec. 418. Case examination of distributing clerks. 419. Nature of case examinations. 420. Verbal examination of clerks. 421. Post- masters' order-book. 422. Orders to be signed by clerks. 423. Slips on which errors are noted to be compared with schemes. 424. Reports at end of month to General Superintendent. 425. Incom- petent clerks not to be continued, etc. Chapter 12. — Receiving and Dispatching Mails at Catcher Post- Offices 109-110 Sec. 426. Cranes and catcher pouches. 427. How to luepare pouches and hang them on the crane. 428. Catcher pouches to be used for no otlier purpose. 429. Only fifty pounds of mail allowed in catcher pouches. 430. Special instructions to postmasters served by catchers. Chapter 13. — Disi'Osal of Unmailable, Undelivered, and Dead Mau. Matter IIO-IJO Sec. 431. Unmailable nuitter to be sent to the dead-letter otfice — ex- ceptions. 432. Definition and classification of unmailable matter. 433. Definition and classification of dead matter. 434. Fii-st-class matter not to be held unmailable on mere suspicion. 12 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIOXS, Pases ■Chaphr 13.— Disposition of L'xdelivered, L'xmailable, ax.) Dead Mail Matter — Continued 110-1-20 Sec. 435. Unmailable matter fioui railway offices, how treated. 436. Unmailable matter inadvertently forwarded, how treated. 437. Postmasters to return uumailable matter to senders. 43:^. Matter re- turned to senders at other post-offices. 439. Held for postage matter that cannot be returned to sender. 440. Disposition of destructive unmailable matter. 441. Unmailable matter to be i)romptly sent to dead-letter office. 442. How matter must be sent to the dead-letter office. 443. How to make up and transmit returns of unmailable mat- ter. 444. Advertisement of unclaimed and undelivered matter. 445. Advertising- foreign letters. 446. Displaying lists of advertised letters. 447. Pay for advertising letters. 44S. Charge on advertised letters. 449. Advertisement of unclaimed matter. 450. Matter that should not be advertised. 451. Form of the advertisement. 452. Advertisements in newspapers. 453. Advertised matter to be so marked. 454. Letters from dead-letter office to be advertised. 4.55. Fictitious matter not to be advertised. 456. Request matter. 457. Card matter. 458. Postage must be prepaid on card and request mat- ter. 459. Unclaimed official matter to be treated as card matter. 460. Postmasters' letters to be treated as card letters. 461. Date of arrival and ret-arn of card matter. 432. Collection of postage on short-paid returned card matter. 463. Local letters not returned to another post-office. 464. Disposition of hotel card matter. 465. Return of other than first class-card and re(]^uest matter. 466. Matter unclaimed after return to sender. 467. Disposition of missent matter. 468. Authority of Postmaster-General to kill let- ters. 469. Final disposition of unclaimed matter. 470. Undeliv- ered matter to show reason for non-delivery. 471. Disposition of re- fused second-class matter. 472. Disposition of other refused matter. 473. Return of "no unclaimed and refused matter." 474. State- ments of unclaimed matter. 475. Disposition of refused unmaila- ble matter. 476. Hotel matter without card or request. 477. All hotel matter to be stamped. 478. Disposition of dead printed mat- ter, 479. Dead foreign printed matter. 480. Dead domestic printed matter. 481. Dead postal cards. 482. Return of dead matter. 483. Record of valuable dead letters. 484. Return of dead letters containing money to owners. 433. Return of undelivered dead m(mey-letters back to dead-letter office. 486. Returned dead money- letters must be registered. 487. Other than money dead letters need not be registered. 488. Valuable dead letters must not be forwarded. 489. Dead letters not valuable may be forwarded. ■Chapter 14. — Lost Letters axd Mail Depredations 120-121 Sec. 490. Postmasters to report lost mail-matter to chief special agent. 491. What fact such report umst state. 492. Postmasters to imme- diately report robbery of post-office. 49.3. Cases of mail robbery to be repf)rted at once. 494. Arrest of criminals to be reported to United States district attorney. 495. Examination of persons ar- rested. 496. Robbery of nuiils in vicinity of post-office. 497. Mon- eys recovere()A. The cause (»f deduction of i>ay, etc., how noted. 50.j. No signature and advance; sijjjnaturi', liow noted. 500. Keys and records nnist he turned in before liiial setth-nient. GOT. Record of arrivals and departures to he sent to division superintendent. 50h. No discretion to he used in reporting faihu'es. ."lO.!. Instructions as to paying employees, from whom received. 510. Payments to l)e mach- promptly at end of month. 511. Distinction het ween suhstitnte and acting employ6. 512. Authority for paying acting employes. 513. Manner of paying acting employes. Chapter 16. — MiscKLL.A.XEOfS Provisions Respecting Dctiks of Post- masters 121-12- Sec. 514. Records at post-offices of property and snpplics. .")15. Jn- Acntories of public propt-rty to be made in duplicate. 516. Dupli- cates, how to be disposed of. 517. Postmasters not to receive moneys from predecessors, nnless. 518. Assistants to be appointed. .519. Oaths of otfice to be sent to department. 520. AVho to have access to mail-matter in post-offices. 521. Mails not to be opened in reach of unanthorized persons. .522. Postmasters must collect and examine waste paper, etc. 523. No post-office to be located in bar-room. 524. Loungers not to be permitted in post-office. .525. Business hours at post-office?. 526. Transaction of other business at fourth-class i)Ost-offices. 527. Changing site of post-office. 528. Receiving-box for mail-matter at fourth-class post-offices. 529. Place for mail-matter awaiting delivery and for stamps. .530. Sanc- tity of seals invi(dable. .531. Postmasters not to give information respecting mail-matter. .532. Postmasters powerless to remit fines or overcharges on mail-matter. 533. Official correspondence ; re- turn of official jiapers. 534. How postmasters should reply to of- ficial correspondence. 535. Postal Guide supi)lied officially and to be consulted. 53*>. Postmasters in doubt as to law to ask instruc- tions. 537. Attention to be given to official printed circulars. 53^. How postmasters are to address the Department. 539. Public docu- ments and property to be turned over to successor. 540. Creden- tials of special agents to be demanded. 541. Postmasters not to act as lottery agents. TITLE III. TRANSPORTATION OF THE MAILS. Chapter 1. — Dr.sicxATiox ok Post-roads over wiiicii the Mails may ijr Carried 129-131 Sec. 542. What are post-roaost-roads. 552. Limit of authority of Postmaster-General to establish post-roads. 553. Penalty for obstructing the mails. 554. Delaying mail at a ferry : peualtj'. 14 POSTAL LAWS AND REGILATIONS. Pages Chapter 2. — Carriage of the Mails a Goverxmext Moxopoly. — Un- lawful Carriage of Mail-matter outside of^the Mails. — Seizure AND Detentions of Unlawful Matter in the Mails 131-134 Sec. 555. Prohibitiou of private expresses. 556. Private carriers for- bidden at carrier post-offices. .5.57. Penalty for carrying persons acting as express. 558. Penalty for sending letters by private ex- press. 5.59. Penalty for carrying letters ont of the mail. 560. Pen- alty for carrying letters on board a mail- vessel. 561. Foreign letters only to be received from a post-office. 562. Vessels to deliver all let- ters at post-office. 563. Special agents to search vessels for letters. 564. Seizing and detaining letters. 565. Forfeiture of seizures to the United States. 566. Letters seized may be returned to senders. 567. Letters conveyed without compensation. 568. Letters in stamped envelopes — excepted. 569. Postmasters must report viola- tions of law. 570. Searches authorized. 571. Newspai)ers may be carried out of the mail. .572. Such papers deposited in j)Ost-offices must be paid. Chapter 3. — Advertisejients, Prijposals, and Contracts for Carrying the Mail 13.5-148 Sec. 573. Advertisement of general mail-lettings. 574. Division of the United States into contract sections. .575. Advertisement of routes omitted in general letting. 576. Notice of intention to change terms of contract. 577. Miscellaneous mail-lettings defined. 578. Advertisement of miscellaneous mail-lettings. 579. Rates to be paid for advertisements. 580. Proposals for carrying the mail; how delivered and opened. 581. Proposals to be accompanied by bonds approved by postmasters. 582. Sureties on bidders' bonds must qualify. 583. Amount of bond stated in advertisement. 584. Quali- fication of sureties on more than one bond. 585, Bids to be accom- jianied by a certified check or draft. 586. Time of returning drafts to unsuccessful bidders. 587. Penalty for illegal approval of bonds l)y postmasters. 588. All projjosals to be recorded and filed. 589. Combinations to prevent bids ; penalty. 590. Caution to post- masters signing bidders' bonds. 591. What are legal bids. 592. Bidders must inform themselves as to the character of the service. 593. Special instructions to biddei's. 594. Alterations and modifi- cation of bids destroy their validity. 595. Bidders must be of le- gal age. .596. Bids which cannot )je received. 597. Bids which may be rejected. 598. Biddersnot released from bonds until service is commenced. 599. Persons who may not be interested in mail con- tracts. 600. Bidders may not assign or transfer their bids. 601. Contracts in name of United States and awarded to the lowest bidder. 602. New sureties on contracts may be rerxuired or ac- cepted. 603. In case of bidder failing, contract with other persons authorized. 604. In case of failing contractor, contracts with other persons authorized. 605. Temporary contracts authorized not to exceed last contract price. 606. Penalty for makiug straw bids. 607. Contracts made without adv(irtisement. 608. ]\Iail apartnu^nts to be furnished on mail steamboats. 609. Contracts to be executed in duplicate. 610. Term of contracts. 611. Time of executing con- tracts. 612. Payment on contracts. 613. Causes for which con- tracts may be anunllcd. 614. Contractors to carry all mails and care for mail-bags. 615. Special agents and i)()stal sujjplies to be carried free. 61f). When ])()stmasters may employ ti'uqxuary service. CONTENTS I5V SKf'l'IONS. lij Pages. Chapter '.I. — Advki; i i>KMr,.\ is, I'ltDi'osAi.s, a.\i> ('<)\ti!A( is i oi: < aukvinc; TiiK Mail — ContimaMl i:J5-l4S Skc. ()17. After cimtiacts li;i\f fX|tiiril itn.^linastfrs in;i.\ not jiay for service, Old. Iiitreii.se of coiniieiisiitiini for iiieicartetl service. (519. Increase of coini>eii.siitioii fur increased ci-ierity. CriO. Deternii- iiatiun of coiiii»ensati()n for increased celerity. 021. Decreased compensation tor decreased service. G22. Changt'S of sch(;d- ule ; time of arrival and (lepartnre. G23. Contracts cannot l>e as- signed or transferred. (3'i4. Contracts not to be sublet without consent of the I'ostmaster-Geueral. G25. Subcontracts permissible with consent of the Postinjistor-General. G26. Regulations under which subcontracts may be made. <)27. Mail-messenger service, 62S. Mail-carriers to receive mail for delivery at next i)pst-oflfice. Chapter 4. — ADJCsr.MKxr ok Compensation' to Railroads i-ou Carry- ing TIIK Mails..., 149-152 Sec. 6'29. Conditions of railway service and rates of pay for same. 6:50. Refusal to provide post-otitice cars. iVM. Dimensions of, and additional pay for, post-office cars. 632. Cars to be furnished as re- quired by the Postmaster-General. 633. Mails, how and when to be weighed. 634. Railroad companies to give notice of their readi- ness for weighing. 635. Compensation of railroads reduced ten per centum. 636. Compensation of railroads reduced five per centum more. 637. Congress may fix compensation to be paid land- grant railroads. 638. Congress does fix compensation to be paid said roads. 639. When railroad companies must deliver mails to post-offices. 640. Mails not to be carried beyond termini of routes without authority. 641. Knowledge of si^ecitic reiiuiremcnts of ser- vice, how obtained. 642. Postiuaster-General to decide what trains shall carry the mail. 643. Railway company must carry mails ou any train. 644. Must carry supplies and special agents. 645. When mail may be carried on railway routes by horse express. 646. Railway companies to report receipts and expenses. 647. Commu- nications aftectiug i>ay of railroads, how addressed. 64S. Auditor to furnish instructions respecting finaucial agent. Chapter 5. — Foreign' Mail Service 1.33-154 Sec. 649. Transportation of domestic mails through foreign countries. 650. Transportation of foreign mails through the United States. 651. Foreign mails in transit to be treated as domestic. 652. Con- tracts for carrying foreign mails. 653. How foreign mails may be carried. 6.54. Limit of compensation for carrying foreign, mails. 655. Foreign mail contractors may be fined. 656. Foreign mail contracts may be terminated by Congress. Chapter 6. — Inspection' an'd Verieicatiox of Service Rendered by C.\RRiERs 01" the Mail— Of Fixes axd Deductk)N-s 154-1.57 Sec. 657. Record of arrivals and dei>artures of the mails. 658. How postmasters should report arrivals and departures of the mail. 659. Special reports when required. 600. Disposition of regular and special reports. 661. Duplicate reports to be preserved in post- offices. 662. Delivery of mail to post-offices on star routes. 663. Postmasters to report delinquent mail-carriers. 664. Certain delin- quencies to be specially reporti'd. (i65. Dei\ai:y Maii.- Mattek— CoiitiniiiMl 1(;.'-1T:! Skc. 7'^2. <)i«'ii aiifl (listriliulc one jioiicli or s.ick at ii tiiiu-. 7:!:!. Abst'iiccMif slijiM oil |»iick!i>(«'H i»r in sacks. ~'.\\. Saik to Itc tiirm-d inside out. 7'M^>. Pouches to lie exaniinetl. 7:Ui. I'linted labels to l)e retnnied. 7157. Trip i<'i»orts to l>e. tuiwardeil. 7'.\f^. \"\>i'\- lance leqiiircd in jiuardinj; nniils. I'M). Waste paper ami twine to be exaniineil. 740. Disjiosition of nnniailable matter fonnost-otilices. 756. Employds must examine olliees at the end of runs. 757. Keplies to otticial connnunicatious. 758. AVho may luxve access tootlices. 759. Trij) permits to ride in offices. 700. All hut annual permits to he taken up. 761. Permits not good for transjjortation. 762. Sale of ptKstage-stamjishy employes. 763. Em]doy6s on duty not to traffic. 764. IMust not impart information to nnautliorized ])er- sous. 765. Turning over jnoperty of department. 766. Forward- ing of resignations. 767. No information to he given concerning vacancies. 768. Intoxicating liquors jiroliiljited. 769. Mail in transit not to he delivere Do- mestic Mail Mattek IT.VISS Sec. 806. Reo-istry system iiutUorizccl. 807. Object of the registry system. 808. Means employed to attain safety. 80i). Postmasters' duty to eucourage registration. 810. What mail matter eau be registered. 811. No registration on Sunday. 81-2. Limit of fee for registration ; no fee on offirial matter. 813. Registration fee. 814. Rules for sender of registered letters. 815. Rules for sender of third and fourth class matter. 816. Postmasters must not addi-ess and seal letters. 817. Registry of letters containing currency for re- demption. 818. Special instructions for registering currency. 819. Receiving mail matter for registration. 820. Numbering registered matter and registei'ed package envelopes. 821. Matter becomes registered after a receijit is given therefor. 822. Cancellation of stamps, registry mark, and postmark. 823. Registered matter to be kept secure. 824. Receipt to be taken ni)on delivery of regis- tered matter. 825. The registry-return-receipt. 826. The registry- bill. 827. Registered-package-envelope. 828. Preparing regis- tered matter for dispatch. 829. Matter too large to go in regis- tered-package-envelope. 830. Registered-package-receii)t. 831. Disitatching a registered package. 832. Registered matter not to be tied with ordinsiry mail matter. 833. Mail messengers and mail carriers notto handle registered matter. 834. Certifying to proper dispatch of registered matter. 835. Sending registered matter to an office from distant j)ost-office. 836. Never send registered mat- ter direct over railway mail routes. 837. Postmasters receiving reg- istered })ackagcs for their j)ost-offices. 838. Postmasters receiving registered packages in transit. 839. Recording registei-cd packages in transit and returning receipts. 840. Continuous examination, record, and system of receipts. 841. Record-of-registerctl-mattcr-in- transit. 842. When registered packages should go in way pouches. 843. Registered packages must be sent by the most secure route. 844. Postmasters must observe the registry schemes. 845. Indors- ing registered packages. 846. Checking return of package receipts and bills. 847. Failure to retiirn registered-package-recciitt. 848. Failure to return registry-bill. 849. Circular of iu([uiry returned indorsed "not received." 850. Misdirected registered packages in transit not to be opened. 851. Misdirected registered postage- stamj) packages, etc. 852. Registered packages found in bad order or damaged in transit. 853. Postmasters to receive registiued matter from emjiloyds. 854. Rules for registered packages uniform for all matter. 855. Registered postage-stamp i)ackages damaged in transit. 856. Receiving registered matter at a ])ost-otirti(' for de- livery. 857. Omissions on registry-bill and registry-return-receijit to be sup]died. 858. Failure to send registry-bill or registry-returu- receipt. 859. Treatment of registered letters arriving in bad order. 8ij0. Registered letters found unseali'd. 861. No charge to be made on the delivery of registered nuitter, 862. Rejjort to lie nuide of deticieut postage or fee. 863. Registry-notices to be sent. ('(>.\li:.N"rs i;V SKCTIONS. 19 Chaplir 1. — IvKCKlx i\(;, 'I'ltANsvi: i i i\(i, ami 1)i;i.i\ i:i:in'i. I>'i:(,isi i:i!i;i> I)u- MKSTic Mail MAiTKit — Couliimnl 17r.-183 Skc. ti'M, A Vi(»x-IioltU'r to l>c iiiitifu'il ulicii n-yistfrnl nuitli'r arrives. 86.'). DolivtTy of ro^iisttircd letter or pjircol. ti Ji). Delivery otrej^iH- tored matter liy carriers. H(57. Name of carrier delivering; registered matter must ajipear. tiG'i. Utmost care roqiiired in delivery. Hiill. Kesi»oiisil)ility for wroiijx delivery. ^70. Proper sij;iiature re(|iiireil. H71. Kejfistry-retiirii-receilit to lie ii'iiiailcd to the sender. H72. Xo postajie re([iiired on rej;istry-l)ills and re}i;istry-retnrn-reeeipts. nl'.l. Rej>istered matter received for delivery to insane or dead persons. b74. Attachment of rejiistered letters. H7.'). Frandnlent reost-ol1ice. 877. Refused reiiistered letters or jiarcels. S7H. Orif^inal record to show leturn of a letter or parcel. 879. When returned re Pakcels Addkessko TO, on OkktIxatixg ix, Foreigx Couxtkies 183-19 ) Sec. 898. Registered correspondence for foreign countries. 899. Regis- traticm fee to foreign countries. 900. Postmasters registering foreign matter consult Postal Guide. 901. Registered packages misdirected to foreign post -offices. 902. S^'uder may demand a regi-stry-return- receipt from foreign countries. 903. Registry-return-receipts to foreign countries. 904. Matter which cannot he registered to for- eign countries. 905. Mark Forekjx on registered packages inclos- ing foreign matter. 906. Registered matter from foreign countries. 907. Registry-retiiru-receiiJts of foreign origin. 908. Undelivered foreign registered letters or parcels. 909. Foreign registry-retnrn- receipts not sent to Dead-Letter Office. 910. Registered matter supposed to he liable to customs duty. 911. Foreign registered mat- ter specially held for delivery. 912. Forwarding registered matter in the Universal Postal Union. 913. I'ostnuirk foreign registered matter at exchange post-ofliees. 914. Don't write to foreign prist- masters. Cha})ter 3.— The Traxsmis.siox ok TnuouGii-REtiisTEUEO-rorciiEs 19i»-194 Sec. 915. Object of this' branch of tlie registry system. 916. ]Meaiis used for carrying on the through-registered-pouch-service. 917. Exchanges directed to be made invariably. 918. Sui)i)lies for thi-ongh-r(>gistered-pi)uch-oflices, how used and kept. 919. Addi- tional sn])plies. 20 POSTAL LAWS A^;D ELOrLATIO^'S. ragos. Cliapler 3. — Traxsmission ok Tnuouciii-EEGisTERKD-i'OUcnES — Contiuued. 100-104 Sec. 920. Registered matter dis])atclie(l in throimli-registered-pouelies. 921. Prepar.itiou of matter for tlirongli-registered-pouclies. 922. Signing tlie poucli-bill and copying. 923. Inspection before closing. 924. Labeling and locking. 92.5. Manner of indicating dispatch of extra tlirongb-registered-poticbcs. 926. Object of the registry disk. 927. Extra througli-registered-poncbes, etc., to be promptly rctnmed. 928. Throngb-registered-poucli in bad order. 929. Checking con- tents of throngb-registered-ponch. 930. Safety of registered locks and keys. 931. Through-registered-ponches in transit, when to be opened. 932. Discrepancy in contents of tlu'ongh-registered-poiich. 933. Record of delays to be kept. 934. Damaged registered locks and keys. 93.5. Throng]i-registered-i)onch or blank must be deliv- ered. 936. Non-delivery of through- registered -ponches. 937. Throngh-registered-ponches, when to be taken into terminal post- office. 938. Disposition of through-registered-pouches in bad order in transit. Chapter'^. — The Haxdlixct of Registered INIatteu by Railway ^Iail Employes 104-196 Sec. 939. Registered packages between post-oftices and office to be pouched. 940. Railway-mail-registry-books. 941. Record of regis- tered matter ke^it. 942. Receiving registered matter at terminal post-offices. 943. Receipt for registered matter. 944. Postmarking and retiu'ning registered-package-receipts. 945. Registered matter not to be delivered to employes of railroads. 946. Receipting for I'egistered matter. 947. Illegible postmark on registered packages. 948. Examination of condition of registered packages. 949. Regis- tered-package-receipts to be properly filled out. 950. Forward reg- istered mail in a pouch. 951. Check return of registered-i)ackage- receipt and forward duplicate. 952. Registered nuitterftu' through- registered-iiouch-offices. 953. Registered matterfor delivery to con- necting office. 9.54. Get receipt for registered matter and registry books. 955. Turn over registry books when full to Division Super- intendent. TITLE VI. THE M0^'1•:Y-0RDER SYSTEM OF THE I'NITED STATES. ChaploX. Establishment and General Provisions 107-201 Sec. 9.56. Establishment of money-order systeuL 0.57. Object of the monej'-order system. 958. Design of Congress in establishing the money-order system. 9.59. Postmast«'rs to issue money orders. Re- s]ionsibility therefor. 960. Issue of money orders by clerks. Post- master's respy clerks foi' postmasters and by acting postmasters. 963. Classification ()f money-order post- oftices. 9t)4. New bonds required when post-oflice is made money- order otticc. 065. Books, circulars, and blanks furnished to money- order offices. 966. Duty of retiring postmaster at money-order i)ost- office. 967. Duty of iiH'onung postmasterat uioncy-order post-office. 968. Extra compensation forissuing and pa\ lug money orders. 969. Payment Ibr statiimery andincidentals oiii of money-order proceeds. 070. Surplus money-oriler jn-oceeds, liow accnur.tcd Ibr. IJmit ol" clerk liire. 071. Sjiecial permission reciuired foi- ail <'Xp( iiditures. 1)72. I'dst iiiastrrs 1o rccoiiiiiicnd iiioiic\ -order sxsteni to the nublie. fOXl'KNI'S I'.V SDCTIOXS, 21 (iKiptrr 1. — Ksr.\iij,isii.\ii;.N I and (!K\i;it.\L I'kovision.s— Contiimid l'.>7-20l .Skc. i>7:?. rdstiiiastcrs must cDiiloiin strictly to rcjfulatioiis. '.t? 1. NO " iiioncy-ordtT Imsiiii'ss oii Smidiiy. ilT'). Lcttr-rs on iiioiicy-ordcr business to lie torwiirdrd si'));ir;it('Iy. i'Td. I'ostiuiistiT-fifiiciiil ni;iy in.'ikc ("orcifiii money-order coil vi'iit ions. '.(77. I'oolvs (o In- l\i'|tt ;it money-order ]»ost-ottiees. Chaphr'i. — Issik of Domkstic Monky-Oudi'.ijs 'JOI-'JO? Skc. 1*78. Hliink forms of niipiiciition to he supplied. i»7l». I'osf- m.isters proliiidted fiinn tillinj;- up money-ordcn- npidieationa. 'JHO. Printed forms to be furnished for money orders. 981. Money-order advices. 982. No monej'^ order to be issued on credit. 983. Fees niton money orders; no order for more than fifty doUar.s. 984. FracI ional parts of a cent not to bo included. ;H5. Only three fifty- dollar t)rders to one jterson for same payee. 9^(5. Issninj; money onh-rs and transmitting advices. 937. Stamping money orders and advices. 93H. Persons iirocuring money orders mn.st carefully examine them. 989. Signature of postmaster on money orders lunst be written. 990. When errors are made, uew orders must be nnide out. 991. How to use blank money orders and advices. 992. Omitted and defective blanks to be reported. 993. Postmasters . responsible for loss of nmney-order forms. 994. How ])0stmasters should make out advici-s. 995. "When second advices should be issued. 996. Amount of order to l)e in writing. 997. Orders may be drawn upon Avhat post-oflices. 998. Notice money-order offices discontinued. 999. Postmastei's to instruct applicants on what post-ollice to draw. 1000. Money orders to be recorded when issued. 1001. Report when !j$300 is drawn \\\nn\ other than first-class post- offices. 1002. Advices to be checked to insuri; ettrrectness. 100;5. Keissne of nutney orders ; new fee required. 1004. Rules for reis- , suing mouey orders. 100.5. Issue of driplicate money orders. 1006. Du])licate money orders issued only by superinteudeut. 1007. Duty of postmasters applying for duplicate money order. 1008. Second advice furnished when needed to get duplicate. 1009. Original order may be jtaid before duplicate is issued. 1010. Duty of post- master certifying to uou-paymeut of order. 1011. Postmasters can- not issue duplicates. 1012. On what post-ofticcs duplicates can be drawn. ChajUer 3.^Pa ym ext ( n' Do.mf.stic Mon k v-Oiiders 207-213 Sec. 1013. Money-order good only one year from date. 1014. Only one indcn-sement allowed on money-orders. 1015. Postmasters unist have payees identified. 1016. Money-orders must not be i>aid until advice is received. 1017. Advices examined ami filed as re- ceived. 1018. Advices must be kept secret. 1019. Missent advices to be remailed. 1020. Second advices to be entered when received. 1021. Precautions to be taken before paying orders. 1022. Orders not properly issued to Ije refused payment. 1023. lni[uiry f(U' miss- ing advice. 1024. Duty of postmaster when order does not agree with advice. 1025. Postmasters must provide against delays in paying orders. 1026. Paid orders to be stamped and recorded. 1027, Payment by duplicate to be note«l. 1028. Payment upon power of attorney or to legal representative. 1029. Orders must be correctly receipted and stamped. 1030. Payment of order on day of issue. l();5l. Department not responsible after payment of ordei-. 22 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Pages. Chapter 3. — Payment of Domestic Moxey-Ouders — Contmned •207-2Vi Sec. 1032. How ordei's more than a year old may be paid. 1033. Advices to be examined for orders over a year old. 1034. Payment of amount of money-orders illegally indorsed. 1035. Repajaneut of money-order to applicant. 1036! Rules for repaying orders. 1037. Reiiaid orders to be so stamped. 103S. Repaid orders to be signed by whom. 1039. Repayment by duiilicate. 1040. Special notice of repayment, how entered. 1041. Postmasters to pay only orders drawn on their post-ofitices, 1042. Notice to be sent to payee of duxdicate. 1043. Postmaster-General may stop payment of money orders, when. 1044. When postnmsters should withhold payment of money-orders. Cluipier i. — Issue axd Payment ok Foreign Money-Orders 214-221 Sec. 104.5. Exchange of money-orders with Great Britain. 104G. In- ternational money-orders ; how drawn. 1047. Form of application for international order. 1048. Issuing postmaster not to decide coin value of currency. 1040. Postmaster at New York decides coin value of currency. 1050. Lists of international postal orders. 1051. Payment of international money-orders. 10.52. Inquiry for missing international money -orders. 1053. Repayment of interna- tional money-orders. 1054. Issue of duplicate international money- orders. 1055. Exchange of orders with Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. 1056. Fees for orders on Switzerland and Italy. 1057. Fees for orders on Germany. 1058. Special rules for orders on Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. 10.59. Interchange of money-orders with Canada. 1060. Issue of orders on Canada and Newfoundland; inland offices. 1061. Postmasters not to decide value of currency in Ca- nadian money. 1032. Applications for Canadian money-orders. 1063. Payment of Canadian money-orders. 1064. Daily reports of pi'emium on gold to be tiled. 1065. Canadian money-orders to be stamped on receipt. 1066. Rexiayment of Canadian money-orders. 1067. Invalid Canadian money-orders. 1068. Imjuiries about Ca- nadian money-orders. 1069. Issue of duplicate Canadian money- orders. 1070. General rules for international money-onlcr business. 1071. When gold and paper are at par. Chapter 5. — Money-order Funds and Accounts 221-229 Sec. 1072. Trausferof money-order funds. 1073. Transfer by warrant of money-order funds. 1074. What are money-order funds. 1075. Postmastets' weekly reports of money-order funds. 1076. Embez- zlement of money-order funds. Penalty; explanation. 1077. How to write up the cash-book. 1078. Transferi-ing postage funds to money-or*" er acconut. 1079. Entry of transferred funds in cash-ljook. 1080. The lixed reserve. 1081. Daily remittance of money-order funds. 108k;. Receipts for daily remittances. 1083. No credit for remittances until receipt is obtained. 1084. Daily reports of remit- tances received. 1065. Postmasters nmst remit and deposit prompt- ly. 1086. Unpaid advices less than two weeks old in weekly state- ments. 1087. Money-order funds not subject to rules of postal funds. 1088. Weekly statements, how transmitted. 1089. Money-oi'der cash must be ke))t separately. 1090. Weekly statements to be numbered consecutively. 109L Make up weekly statements every Saturday. 1092. Statemejits of "no business." 1093. Weekly statements at close of (piarter yeai'. 1094. Vouchers to ai'coni))aiiy weekly state- ments. (•ONTi:X'l"S l!V SKCTIONS. 23 Ch(ipl(r7>. — M()\i;v-<)i:i)i;i; 1'inhs .\m> Accoinis — Cdiit iniicil -i'Jl-'^^ Si;c. 109.'). Credits :ill()\veil "ii .New York. lOKs;. Diiifls ii^^'iiiiist credits, liow made. 1()*J7. Specinl dratts lor eiiierjfeiicies. iK'.tH. Drafts must always lie on forms furiiislied. l(Kti>. Speeial iiistnictioiis alioiit remit taiiees. lUHt. I'ostiri.-isters may de]>nsif in national liaiiks. when. llUl. I miinrtaiiir nf iHompt ly transniitt ini^ weekly statemenls. TiTi.i-: \'ii. i;.\('iiAN(;i: of corkespondknx'k with roni:i(;.\ COUNTKIES. Chapter 1. — Tiik I'xivkh.sai, Postal rxiox ^I'l-^TS Sec. 1102. The Convention of Paris, llli:'.. ]-Jej-nlatioiis of detail and order under Paris Convention. 1104. l'osta{;i' auAUTMENT — Cuutiauod •^To-'SSe Sec. 1145. Accounts of expciisiis i)ai(l liy po.stmu.sters to be wtatcd. 1147. Compromise of jmlgmeuts to l>c made, liow. 1148. Papers required iu suits for deliuqucucies, i-tc. 1149. Oaths in settlement with Auditor. 1150. Appeal to First Comi)troller from Auditor's settlement. Chapkr 2. — Postmasifks' QuAitTEKLV EKTiTtxs 286-289 Sec. 1151. Quarterly accounts of receipts. 1152. Quarterly accounts to be sworn to. 1153. Neglect to render accounts ; penalty. 1154. Time of forwarding ([uarterly returns. 1155. What composes the (luartcrly return. 1156. Manner of nuiiling (quarterly return. 1157. Transcripts must accompany account-current. 1158. Written ac- counts will not Ite audited. 11.59. Quarterly returns to include but one quarter. 1160. Printed labels for retui'us from Presidential post-offices. 1161. Detailed statement from Presidential post-offices. 1162. Accounts of outgoing and incoming postmasters. 1163. Ac- counts of deceased postmasters. 1164. Postmaster giving new bond. Return not changed. 1165. Originals must be retained. 1166. Who must sign account-current. 1167. Correction of errors in account. 1168. Record to be kept of receipts by postmasters. 1169. Duty of postmaster when returns are lost in the mail. 1170. Unreasonable delay in presenting claims. 1171. Allowance for advertising letters. 1172. Items not to be entered on the account-current. 1173. No allowance for expenditures Avithout vouchers. 1174. No allowance for administering oaths. 1175. Indorsement on back of account- current. 1176. Blank forms, how prociired. Chapkr 3. — Accounts Current and Transcript — Forms 2'^9-295 Sec. 1177. Forms for use at Presidential post-offices. 1178. Forms for use at fourth-class post-offices. Chapter 4.— The General Postal Account 296-298 Sfc. 1179. Postmasters to keep general account. ll^^O. Statement to be sent quarterly to Auditor. 1181. Debit side of account. 1182. Credit side of account. 1183. Distinction between quarterly and general account. 1184. General account to be sent separately to Auditor. 118.5. Vouchers to be kept by postmasters. 1186. Post- master and Auditor to compare accounts. 1187. Blanks for general account. 1188. Fourth-class postmasters' general account. 1189. All payment to be made for each quarter before transmitting ac- counts. 1190. Forms of account for fourth-class post-offices. Chapter 5. — Collection of Debts due the Department 299-:>0(/ Sec. 1191. Collection by contractors' orders. 1192. Collectit)n by drafts. 1193. Postmasters expected to honor drafts. 1194. Notifi- cation to Auditor of payment of draft. 1195. Notification of non- payment. 1196. Report of cause of failure to collect. 1197. Re- sponsibility for uncollected drafts. 1198. Postmast«'rs may be re- moved for neglect to collect. 1199. Suits upon collection-drafts. 1200. Colh^ction-drafts not issued for money-order funds. Chapter 6.— Renewal of Lost Warrants or Drafts 300-301 Sec. 1201. Indemnity l)ond for duplicate warrant. 12(»2. Certilicatc of non-payment. 1203. No bond re((uired for dui)]ic:ite draft. 1204. Tenor, force, and cfifcct of dupliciite. 1205. Renewal of lost collec- tion-draits. CON'I'KXTS nv -iHCTlONs. 25 I'a;;os. Ciiiq>l(r7. — 1'U(>licatioii for warnint, l>y whom iiud lunv luailc. 12:tl>. Issuinji warrant; duty of clerk and marshal. 1210. Ownership of attached property — trial. l'2ll. Proceeds of attached property to be invested. 1212. I'nlilication of attachment. I'Jl:?. Holders of defendant's property to account tor it. 1214. Diseharjjeof attachment, bond. 121."). Accrued rij^hts not to he abridged. I21t>. Attachments dissolved in conformity with State laws. 1217. What credits allowed in suits. 1218. Suits of United States against individuals, what credits allowed. 1210. .Tni>ies of state- ments of demands by I'ost-Otlice Department. 122.'). IJcturn of marshal to Auditor. TITLE IX. CKiMKs AND :\iisdi:mi:an()1{s agadsST the oi'EK'ATK )Ns <»i" the rOST-OFFK'E DEl'AirniEXT :}r»7-31(J Six. 122G. Forging postal money-orders. 1227. Forging or conntcr- feitiug postage-stamps, dies, etc. 122-\ Forging or counterfeiting foreign i>ostage-stanips. 1221). Injuring mail-matter iu street mail- ing-box, etc. 12:50. Emijez/lement of letteis containing inclosures. 1231. Meaning of words ''intended to be conveyed by mail." 1232. Penalty for detaining letters. 1233. Penalty for detaining, open- ing, or destroying letters. 1'234. Penalty for intercepting or .secret- ing letters. 1235. Stealing or fraudulently obtaining mail. Open- ing valuable letters. 123(i. Receiving articles stolen frcun the mail. 1'237. Stealing, detaining, or destroying newsjiapers. 12.38. Rob- bery of the mail. 1'23[>. Attempting to rob the mail. 1'240. De- serting the mail. 12 H. Stealing post-otitiee property. 1242. Injur- ing mail-bags, etc. 1243. Stealing or forging mail locks or keys. 1'244. Breaking into and entering post-ottice. 124.3. Counti-rfciting bid, bond, etc. 1240. Sending lettei-s through the mail with intent to defraud. 1247. Accessory to robbery of tlu* mail. 1'248. Acces- sory to .ste.iling mail-nuitter. l"24',l. Willfully neglecting to deposit postal revenues. 1250. Fraudulent receipts of postage. 1"251. Painting upon vessel, etc., words " U. S. Mail." 1'25'2. Penalty for using, washing, selling, canceled stamps. 1253. Aiding or abetting in trading in obscene literature. TITLE X. POSTAL AND OTHER OFFICIAL TELEGRAMS :'.17-3-,'0 Sec. 1254. Telegraph companies granted right of way over public domain. 12.55; Telegraph companies to take nniterial from puVdie. lands. 1256. Telegraph companies nuiy not transfer above-granted rights. 1'257. Priority of otticial tidegrams. 1258. United States may purchase telegrai>li-lines. l'2.5ll. To secure rights telegraph companies must accept obligations. 1260. Penalty for I'cfusal to transmit dispatches at rates tixed. l"26l. Rates for official tele- grams as fixed by the Postnuister-Gcneral. I'2(i2. Telegra]ih com- panies subject to foregoing .sections. 26 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIOXS. TITLE XI. EXECUTIVE ORDERS AFFECTING THE POSTAL ORGANIZATIOX. PllgCS. No. 1. Oriler of President Graut forbidding Federal offieers from liolding State and mnnicipal offices 321-322 2. Explanation of the foregoing 322-323 3. Pr<'sident Hayes's civil-service order 323 TITLE XII. OPINIONS OF THE ASSISTANT ATTORNEY-GENERAL FOR THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. No. 1. Local or drop letters ; tlieir character and rights 32.5-327 2. Delivery of lettei-s. Effect of injnuctious of State conrts .328-330 3. Mail-matter by express 330-331 4. Production of letters before a State court under process duces tecum. :?;U-333 5. Letter-1)oxes. Letters addi-essed to fictitious names, how disposed of 333-335 0. Sureties upon contracts; their liability, how tested 33.5-330 7. Official envelopes; misuse of, by private individuals 33G-337 8. Payment of money orders to lictitious address ; validity of power of attorney after decease of grantor 337-339 9. Fraudulent use of the mails 339-340 10. Advertising sheets; what constitutes a regular jjublication designed primarily for ad verti sing purposes :H0-344 11. Delivery of letters to trustees of insolvent tirm 344-345 List of all opinions given by the Assistant Attorney-General for the Post- Otlice-Departnient 34(V3.V2 TITLE XIII. ADDENDA.— CHANGES IN POSTAL LAWS AND REGFLATIONS MADE SINCE THE PIPLICATION O F THIS YOLFME :?53-3G8 REFERENCE INDEX TO THE REVISED STATUTES OF THE UNITED STATES from sections of the Revised Statutes .and subsequent volumes of the Statutes at Large to sections of the Postal Laws and Regulations.. 3(;9-375 ALPHABETICAL AND ANALYTICAL INDEX :!77- 12 ! GLOSSARY OF POSTAL TECHNICALITIES 425- 134 APPENDIX.— An abstract of the Ibrmer postal laws of the United States, showing the various changes in the classilication of mail-matter, domestic I'ates of postage, and in the franking privilege from 17K) to March 3, 1^79.. 435-l."4 SPECIAL IXSTUUCTIOXS TO POST:\r ASTERS. I. All necessary hlaiiks ami iiosl-otliee siipi>Iies aiitlidrizcd liy the law ami re^riila- t ions will l>e I'miiislietl tti iiostniasters ni)()U application to the First. Assistant I'ost- niaJitei-Oeueral, IJlank Agency, nnless specially instiiicted in the re;;iilati<)ns to make application for certain hlanks to another olHce. '2. The Department Avill fnrnish postmasters with lilank forms for '" Pnhlishers" Tem- jiorary I'ermit '" and "Formal Notice of Entry," under sections IIK) and 191( of tlie I'ostal Laws and Rejiulations. Application for the same should he made to the First Assistant Postmaster-General, lilank Aj^ency. :?. In addressinnd-class matter remains as defined hy the former law, except that sample copies of second-class matter maynowhe sent at the])oniid rates, and that the i>ostage is uniform Ibr all second-class jtublications at two cents per pound. ll». Third-class matter includes all printed matter not embraced in the second-class. I'articular attention should he given to the definition of printed matter, section 219. Hooks and music are third-class matter, and so .are unmounted i-hromos; hut chnimos mounted on cloth or pasteboard are fourth-class matter. II. The new law admits of written inscriptions upon third-ci.iss matter no! in the nature of persomil correspondence. See section 232. 12. Postnuisters should consider the presumption to be in favor of the admission of all unsealed printed matter subject to inspection at third-class rates, and should not rate it up on account of written in.scriptionstlu'reon unless the inscription is clearly in the nature of a personal correspondence. 13. Foui'th-class matter includes everything not included in the other three classes, which is not by law and regulations excluded from the mails. Many articles, which under the old law were rated with letter-postage, as matter to which no specific rate (jf postage was attached, belong now to the fourth class, and are subject to a postage charge of one cent per ounce. Such are, for instance, drawings, plans, designs, origi- luil paintinus in oil (U- water-cohu's. etc. 27 28 POSTAL LAWS AND KKGl'LATIOXS. 14. Spciial attcutioii is calleil to the law ami logulations voqniving tlu' use of jxtst- agc-diu- Niainps, sections 271-274, for the colleciion of postage on the delivery of all iusiifliciently prepaid or unpaid matter. They are to be used upon ship and foreign letters, soldier.s' and sailors' letters, as well as upon ordinary domestic letters, and upon uiatter of the third and fourth-classes when it inadvertentlj' reaches its destina- tion without full prepayment. They must never be piit upon matter which is for- Avarded, returned to writer, or sent to the Deal-Letter Office, except at free-delivery post-offices. 15. Postmasters are required to kee[) a complaint-book, in which all letters repiu'ted to them as lost or missing are entered; and, after making examination in their post- offices, they are reipiired to reptu't the loss, with all particulars, without delay, to the Chief Special Agent of the Post-Office Department, Washington, D. C. These books are not furnished by the Department, but must be provided by postinasters at their own expense. 1(5. When complaint is made of delay in the receipt of letters beyond the time re- quired l)y ordinary course of mail, as shown by the postmarks, postmasters should procure the envelopes of such letters and send them, Avith a statement of the facts, to the Division Superintendent of Railway Mail-Service. 17. Before approving applications for the estaldishment of new post-offices, i»ostnms- ters should consult the Postal Guide and see that the name selected has not already been given to a xjost-office or to a county in the same or an adjoining State. IS. Complaints frequently arise on account of the inaccuracy of the letter-balanci-s in use at post-offices. Postmasters are therefore instructed to have their letter-balances tested and adjusted at least twice a year. For this purpose post-offices of the first and second class, and all Special Agents of the Department, will be furnished with a set of standard weights. Postmasters at other post-ofrtces wishing to test their letter-bal- ances will make applicationto the nearest Special Agent or i)ostmastcr fui'nishedwith stamlard weights. The standards will be sent Ijy nuiil, registered, to j)ostnnisters so applying, and must be returned in the samemannerto the ijostmaster or Special Agt-nt from whom they were received, as soon as the balances have been tested. When the balances are found bj- the test to be out of order, postmasters should not attempt to adjust them, but should report the facts to the First Assistant Postmaster-CJeneral, Blank Agency, when they will be furnished with correct balances. 19. All questions submitted by the iiublic or arising in iiractice in regard to the con- struction of iiostal laws and regulations should be decided by postmasters, in the first instance, subject to appeal to the Postmaster-General. 20. Postmasters are notified that hereafter every number of the United Stat es OlHcial Postal Guide will contain a list of the orders which have been issued during the pre- ceding quarter against persons or firms engaged in conducting schemes for the pur- liose of obtaining money through the mails under false pretenses; and wheiuiver any of such persons or firms make application at any post-office for the payment of money- orders, or for registered letters addressed to them, the postmaster at such post-o(fice should imuKidiately report the case to the Postmaster-General. 21. Any printed circulars issued from the Post-Office Deiiartmcnt nuistbc treated as official written letters ; postmasters should acknowledge their reeeij)t, enter their substance opposite the proper section of the Postal Laws and Regulations, edition of 1879, and file the circulars in a book to be kept for that purpose. 22. Postmasters will hereafter preserve all waste-])aper and fwine at their post- offices until enough is accumulated to fill a uniil-bag, when, after <'aroful examination to see that no letters or packages are conceahul therein, they will disi)atch the same by mail to the )>ostmaster at New York City, N. Y., by whom the same will be sold. Duplicate statements of the anu)unt of waste-paper and twiiu! received and the price for which it was sold Avill be sent (luarterly by the postmaster at New York to eacli l»ostmast(!r of the fourth class, to be used as a basis for estimating his conqx-nsation. One coi)y of this statement must in all cases accompa.iy the (quarterly account current of each jiostmaster as a voucher. SUGGESTIONS TO 'I'lli: I'UBLltv ^^\'r / 1. M;iil all lit Irrs, etc., ;is early as inaclicalilc especially w lien s: lit in lar^^e iiiiinljers, as is lVeai>ers and eireiilais. The troiiljle of tiie post-ottice is niiieh diminished if letters, wlien mailed in large niiinliers, are tied in hnmUes, with the aildresses all in one direction. *J. Make the address legible and comi»lete, giving the name <>f tho post-odico, county, and State. The name of the street and number of the house should also be given on letters addn-ssed to cities where letter-carriers are emplojed ; while the letter Atill eventually reach its destination without a number, the omission is often a cause of hesitation and (h-lay. In the case of letters for places in foreign countries, and espe- cially in Canada, in which couutry there are many post-ofHces having the same names as post-otlices in the United States and iu England, the name of tlie couutry as well as the post-office should be given iu full. Letters addressed, for instance, merely to "London," without adding "England," are frequently sent to London, Canada, and r/tr versa, thereby causing delay, and often serious loss. Letters addressed tt) Burling- t(m,X. S. (Nova Scotia), often go to Burlington, New York, on account of the reseni- blaiu-e between S. and Y. when carelessly written. '.i. Avoid using, as nnicli as possible, cheap envelopes, made of thin paper, esi)ecially where more than one sheet of paper, or any other article than pa))er, is iiulosed. Being often handled, and even iu the mail-bags subject to pressure, such enveloiies not unfreiiuently split open, often giving cause of complaint against officials who are entirely innocent in the matter. 4. Never .send money or any otluT article of value through the mail, except either by means of a money-order or in a registered* letter. Any person who sends money or jewelry in an unregistered letter not only runs a risk of losing his j)roperty, but ex- poses to temptation every oni' through who.se hands his letter passes, and may be the means of ultimately bringing some clerk or letter-carrier to ruin. 5. Provide, in cities Avhere letter-carriers are employed, letter-boxes at ]»laees of business or juivate residences, thereby saving much delay iu the delivery of mail- matter. 6. See that every letter contains the full name and ]iost-offic<' address of the writer, with county and State, in order to secure the return of the letter, if the jiersou to whom it is directed cainiot be fouiul. A much larger portion of the undelivered letters could be returned if the names and addresses of the senders were always fully and plainly written or printed inside or on the envelopes. Persons who have large correspondence lind it most convenient to use "special recpiest envelopes," but those who only mail an occasional letter can avoid much trouble by writing a request to " return if not delivered," etc., on the envelope. 7. When di'opi)ing a letter, newspaper, etc., into a street mailing-box, or into the re- ceptacle at a post-office, always .see that the packet falls into the box and does not stick in its passage; observe, also, as a tiijality, whether the postage-stamps, remain securely in their places. 8. Postage-stamps shouhl be placetl on the upjier riglit-liaud corner of the address side of all mail-matter. y. Postmasters are not obliged to accept in payment of postage-stamiis or staiiii>ed envelopes, wx'appers, etc., any currency which maybe so mutilated as to be nueunvnt. or the genuineness of which cannot be clearly ascertained. They are not obliged to receive UKU'e than twenty-live cents iu copper or nickel coins. Tln'y are not ol)lig»'d To affix stamps to letters, nor are they oldiged to make change excejjt as a matter of courtesy. Neither should thev give credit for postage. 29 30 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 10. Ill iisiii<;- postiil cards, be careful not to write or have auytliinj;' printed on llic side to Ite used for tlie address, except the address ; also be careful not to paste, gum, or attach anything to them. They are nniuailable as postal cards when these suggos- tions are disregarded. 11. To insure a letter being forwarded in the mails, it imist have not less than three cents in postage-stamps affixed. The word "Paid" indorsed on a letter is not regarded at the post-office of delivery; letters so marked, and not having any stamp affixed, are treated as unpaid. 12. Letters cannot be carried out of the mail except in postage-stamped-envelopes. There is no objection to a person who is not acting as a common carrier carrying a sealed letter, wlietlier in a stamped-envelope or not ; but to continue the practice, or receive money for so doing, would subject the party to a penalty of one hundred and tifty dollar's. Newspapers, magazines, and periodicals may be canied out of the mail for sale or distribution to subscribers, l>nt if they are ])ut into a post-office for delivery the postage must l)e paid thereon. i:?. Mail-matter deposited in any receptacle erected by the Post-Office Department, such as street mailing-boxes for the reception of mail-matter to be collected by letter- carriers, or boxes in railroad depots for the reception of matter to be collected by employes of the railway mail-service, cannot be reclaimed by any one under any circumstances. On all such receptacles erected in railroad depots a notice should be affixed that the same are not intended for the reception of matter for city delivery^ Persons depositing letters therein, intended for city delivery, do so at their own risk and cannot reclaim them except tluough the Dead-Letter Office. 14. A subscriber to a newspai)er or periodical who changes his residence and post- office, should at once notify the publisher and have the publication sent to his new address. 15. The delivering of letters is not controlled by any statutory provision, but by the rules and regulations of the Post-Office Dei)artment ; and the object of the Depart- ment is to insure and facilitate such delivery to the ]>erson for whom they are intended. In the case of money-orders and registered letters, the parties applying for them, if not known, should be required to prove their identity in the same manner as in bank- ing institutimis, Avhere j)arties presenting di"afts, checks, etc., who are not known, are required to prove their identity. In the case of advertised letters, parties apply- ing should be questioned as to the place or places from whence they may be exj)ecting correspondence. In the general delivery of a post-office, the postmaster should exer- cise a sound discretion in the delivery of letters to persons claiming to be the persons named in the address, and who may not be known to him. 1(5. Pu1)lishers and news agents posting second-class matter in (luautitics will facilitate its distril)ution and often hasten its dispatch by sei)arating such matter by States and Territories and the larger cities. 17. Hotel matter must be returned to the j)ost-office as soon as it is evident that it will not be claimed. 18. Proprietors of hotels, officers of clubs and of boards of trade or exchanges, should not hold unclaimed letters longer than ten days, excejtt at the recpiest of the person addressed. When such letters are returned to the post-otHce they should be redirected for forwarding, and in the absence of more detiuite information as to where the person addressed may be found, the new address may be taken from the hotel register. 19. First-class matter n})on which one full rate of postag*' has been prepaid and all other fully-prepaid matter may be forwarded froiu one i)ost-otifice to another at the rc([uest of the party addr(!ss(!d; but matter of the second, third, and fourth class can only be returned to the sender when the ])ostmaster at the post-office of its destination is fur- nished with return ])ostage. A rcMiuest may be written or in-intcMl upon such matter that the iiostmastcr will notify tlie sender of non-delivery and of the amount of jxist- age which must be furwarded to insure its return. A rei|uest tt> return such matter cannot be regarded. / sr(;(;i;sri(».Ns 'in iiiK rri'.uc. 31 '-jO. All iiii|iiirirs. wlirtlnr (Voiii jinsliiiaslcrs or tin- piihlic, rchativc to lost or iiiis.siii<; iii:iil-iii:it tcr of cvcrv description, liotli torcijrn .-hkI iloinrstic, ordiiiiiry iiiirt iT;;isterc. Packagi's of mutilated currency a(hlressed to the Treasurer of the I'uited States for redetiiption may be registered fri'e of charge for registry, but the [lostage thereon must be prepaid at letter rales. 2(). It is nnudi to be desired that the management of newly completed lines of rail- road should consult the Post-Ottice l)ei>artmcut in regard to the names of stations; if the names of stations in all causes correspond with those of the post-oftices in whose de- livery thej* are, much confusion and annoyance will be saved to the Department and the public. 27. Letters addressed to persons temporarily sojounung in a city where the free- delivery system is in operation should be marked Tkaxsiext or Gkxeiial Dei.i\'kky, if not addressed to a stivet and number, or some other designated place of delivery. TITLE I. THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. CHAPTER ONE. ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS. Sec. 1. Estalilishmout of the Post-Office Department' 2. Assistant Postmasters Genei-al. 3. "Wild may act as Postmaster-General. 4. Assistant Attoniey-Geueral for thePost-Office Department. 5. Other officers of the Post-Office Department. 6. Special Agents and their salaries. 7. Acting Special Agents. 8. Special Agents authorized to administer oaths. 9. Supeiintendent of Railway Mail Service. 10. Payment of Special Agents. 11. Bonds required of Special Agents. 12. Assignment of Special Agents. 13. Authority and powers of Special Agents. 14. Special Agents' communications confidential. 15. Jurisdiction over oftenses against the postal laws. 16. Pieliminary proceedings, hefore whom. 17. "When witness must give bond. 18. Special Agents ; how related to Postmaster. General. 19. Kesident foreign-mail agencies. 20. Mail-agents on ocean steamers. 21. Postal agencies in China and Japan. 22. Route-agents, employment of. 23. Railway postal clerks. 24. Oath of office. 25. "Who may administer oath. 26. Autlioiity of Postmaster-General to prescribe regulations. 27. Distribution of the business of the Depart- ment. Sec. 28. Seal of the Post-Office Department. 29. Duties of the Postma.ster-General. 30. Pn^perty in charge of the Department. 31. Postal arrangements with foreign countries. 32. Publication of Postal Conventions. 33. Blank agency at Washington. 34. Foreign de^id letters. 35. Orders, contracts, etc., to be truly dated. 36. Form of bonds and contracts. 37. Copies of mail contracts for the Auditor. 38. Orders to be certified to the Auditor. 39. Credits for payments by postmaster.s. 40. Fines, penalties, forfeitures, etc. ; how remit- ted. 41. Di.scharge of imprisoned judgment debtors. 42. Such discharge no bar to execution. 43. Postal employes may not be interested in con- tracts. 44. Prescribed annual reports of the Postmaster- General. 45. Annual reports of the Auditor. 40. Annual estimates of the Po.stmaster-General. 47. Estimates to be furnished the Secretary of the Treasury. 48. Contracts signed by the First Assistant. 49. Contracts signed by the Second Assistant. 50. Contracts signed by the Third Assistant. 51. Omission to take oath not to atfect liability, etc. 52. Suits and prosecutions in State courts. 53. Disbuisements for Topographer's office ; how made. 54. Xo employe to receive fees. Sec. 1. Establishment of tlie Post-Office Department. — There shall he at the seat of Government an Executive Department to be known as the Post-Oflice Department, and a Postmaster-General, who shall be the head thereof, and who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who may be removed in the same manner ; and the term of the Postmaster-General shall be for and during the term of the President by whom he is appointed, and for one mouth thereafter, unless sooner removed. (R. S., § 388.) Sec. 2. Assistant Postmasters-General. — There shall be in the Post-Office 3 P L 34 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Dei)artmeiit three Assistant Postmasters-General, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who may be removed in the same manner. (E. S., § 389.) See. 3. Who may act as Postmaster-General. — In case of the death, res- ignation, absence, or sickness of the head of any Department, the first or sole assistant thereof shall, unless otherwise directed by the Presi- dent,* perform the duties of such head until a successor is appointed, or such absence or sickness shall cease. (E. S., § 177.) Executive Mansiox, Washington, October 1, 1878. It is lierehy directed that the Second and Third Assistant Postmasters-Genei-al be, and are hereby, respectively anthorized to act as Postmaster-General upon the condi- tions following, to wit : The Second Assistant Postmaster-General dnring the absence of the Postmaster- General and the First Assistant Postmaster-General. The Third Assistant Postmaster-General dnring the absence of the Postmaster- General and of the First and Second Assistant Postmasters-General. R. B. HAYES. Sec. 4. Assistant Attorney-General for the Post-Office Department. — There shall be employed in the Post-Office Department one ^Lssistaut Attor- ney-General, who shall be appointed by the Postmaster-General. (E. S.,''§390.) Sec. 5. Other officers of the Post-Office Department. — The following- offi- cers of the Post-Office Department, to be appointed by the Postmaster- General, are appropriated for in the act of June 19, 1878 (20 Stat., p. 201), in addition to the clerks of the several classes and other em- ployes (see, also, E. S., § 393): One Chief Clerk. One Stenographer to the Postmaster- General. One Law Clerk (office of Assistant Attoriiey-General for the Post- Office Department). One Topographer. One Appointment Clerk. ■ One Chief of Division of Mail Depredations. One Chief of Special Agents. (Act March 3, 1879, 20 Stat., p. 35G). One Disbursing Clerk and Superintendent of the Building. Three Chief Clerks to the Assistant Postmasters- General. One Superintendent of Blank Agency (office of First Assistant Post- master-General). One Superintendent of Free Delivery (office of First Assistant Post- master-General). One Chief of Division of Inspection (office of Second Assistant Post- luaster-General). One Chief of Division of Dead Letters (office of Third Assistant Post- master-General). As provided by section 179, Revised Statutes. TITLE I THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 35 One Chief of Division of Postage-stamps (office of Third Assistant Postniaster-dciu'rnl). One Sn[)('rint('n(h'iit of Foreign Mails. One Chief Clerk to the Superintendent of Foreign Mails. One Snpcriuteudent of the ]\Ioney-Order System. One Chief (Jlerk to the Superintendent of the Money-order System. One Sui>erintendent of Railway Mail Service. (Act June 17, 1878, 20 Stat, p. 110). Sec. 6. Special Agents and their salaries. — The Postmaster-General may employ two special agents for the Pacific coast, and such number of other special agents as the good of the service and safety of the juail may require. (R. S., § 4017.) Section 4017 of the Revised Statutes proviiloil that Special Agents slionld be entitled to a salary at the rate of not more than $1,6(J0 a year each, and that each should be allowed for traveling and incidental expenses while actually employed in the service a sum not exceeding $h jier day. But by the act of June 17, 1878, 20 Stat., p. 140, the following was enacted : That hereafter the per diem pay of all special agents appointed under section 4017, Revised Statutes, shall only be allowed for their actual and necessary expenses not exceeding five dollars per diem when they are actually engaged in traveling on the business of the department, ex- cept such, not exceeding ten in number, as are appointed by the Post- master-General to duty at such important i)oints as he may designate, and nine assistant superintendents of railway mail service, who may be detailed to act as superintendents of division of railway mail service, who shall each receive a salary of two thousand five hundred dollars per annum and no more. By the act of March 3, 1879 (20 Stat., p. 356), the Superintendent of Railway Mail Service and Chief of Special Agents are paid their actual expenses while traveling on the business of the Department. Sec. 7. Acting Special Agents. — The Postmaster-General may employ, when the service requires it, the Assistant Postmasters-General and superintendents in his Department as special agents ; and he may allow them therefor not exceeding the amount exi^ended by them as necessary traveling expenses while so employed. (R. S., § 4019.) Sec. 8. Special Agents authorized to administer Oaths. — Any officer or clerk of any of the Departments lawfully detailed to investigate frauds or attempts to defraud on the Government, or any irregularity or miscon- duct of any officer or agent of the United States, shall have authority to administer an oath to any witness attending to testify or depose in the course of such investigation. (R. S., § 1S3.) Sec. 9. Superintendent of Railway Mail Service. — The Postmaster-Gen- eral may appoint one agent only to superintend the postal railway serv- ice, who shall be paid, out of the appropriation for the transportation of the mail on railways, a salary at the rate of three thousaiul five hundred dollars a year, and his actual expenses while traveling on the business 36 POSTAL LAAVS AND REGULATIONS. of the department. (Act June 17, 1878, 20 Stat., p. 140 as amended by act of March 3, 1879, § 1, 20 Stat., p. 356.) See Title IV, The Bail way Mail Sendee. Sec. 10. Payment of Special Agents. — The {Sixth) Auditor [of the Treas- ury for the Post- Office Department] shall charge to the appropriation for mail transportation the salary and per diem of the assistant super- intendents of the postal railway service ; and to the appropriation for the free-delivery system, the salary and per diem of the special agent detailed for that service ; and the salary and per diem of the special agents employed in the money-order service shall be paid out of the proceeds of that service. (R. S., § 4020.) Sec. 11. Bond required of Special Agents. — Whenever a special agent is required to collect or disburse any i^ublic money, he shall, before entering upon such duty, give bond in such sum and form, and with such security as the Postmaster-General may approve. (R. S., § 4018.) All Specical Agents are required to give bond, with two sureties, in the sum of five thousaud dollars, wliicli must be filed before they enter upon tlieir duties. Sec. 12. Assignments of Special Agents. — The Special Agents appointed under section 6 embrace the force proper, who are attached to the office of the Post- master-General, and those assigned to the office of the Superintendent of the Money- order System, the Free-delivery Service, and the office of the Second Assistant Post- master-General, as Assistant Superintendents of the Railway Mail Service. These lat- ter officers receive their instructions from the various offices to which they are assigned, and to whose appropriations their compensation and expenses are also chargeable. The force proper of Special Agents receive their instructions from the Chief Special Agent through whose office cases for investigation and reports of Special Agents upon the same pass and are recorded. Sec. 13. Authority and Powers of Special Agents. — All Special Agents are intrusted with keys to the several mail locks in iise, and are, by virtue of their com- missions, authorized to open and examine the mails whenever .and wherever they may find it necessary to do so. They are also emjjowered to enter and examine any post- office when the safety of the mails requires it, or the general interests of the service demand such examination. And by virtue of their commissions, all contractors, post- masters, and others in the service of this Department are bound to respect and obey the authority thus conferred. Sec. 14. Special Agent's Communications Confidential. — Official communi- cations marked Confidential from the special agents of this Department will be held as confidential. But no communication shoiild be so marked unless it relates solely to business of the Dep.artment, and its interest, and is made in pursuance of confidential instructions. The contents of such communication cannot be divulged except by the pernnssion of the Postmaster-General. Sec. 15. Jurisdiction over Offenses against the Postal Laws. — AVhen an arrest is made for .an offense against the postal laws, the iirisoner should be put in charge of the regular law officers of the United States as early as possibh?. If his examination cannot conveniently be had before a Judge or Connuissioner of the United States, he should be taken before the nearest justice of the peace, or other State au- thority competent to examine and bind him over for trial. As justices of the peace have in many cases declined to issue warrants or to enter upon examination, from a doubt as to their jurisdiction, the special agent may remove such doubt by rcft^rring them to the provisions of the law on this subject contained in the following section. See also section 52. TITLE I THE TOST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 37 Sec. 16. Preliminary Proceedings before Whom. — I'or any crime or offon.so against the riiitccl States, tlic ofVcndcr may, by any Ju.sti('y any coniini.s.sioner of a cirenit (;ourt to take l)ail, or by any chancellor, judge of a supreme or superior court, chief or first judge of {'ominon plea.s, mayor of a city, ju.stiee of the ])eace, or other magistrate, of any State where he may be found, and agreeal)ly to the u.sual mode of ])rocess against offenders in .such State, and at the expense of the United States, be arrested and imprisoned, or bailed, as the case may be, for trial before such court of the United States as by law has cognizance of the offense. Copies of the process shall be returned as speedily as may be into the clerk's ofiice of such court, together with the recognizances of the witnesses for their appearance to testify in the case. And where any offender or witness is committed in any district other than that where the offense is to be tried, it shall be the duty of the judge of the district where such offender or witness is imjirisoned, seasonably to issue, and of the marshal to execute, a warrant for his removal to the district where the trial is to be had. (E. S., § 1014.) Sec. 17. When Witnesses must give Bond. — The recognizances of wit- nesses tlit'iiiselvcs .shall be siifficieut, except iu cases wliere it is feared tliat they will not attend the trial. Iu the latter case, sureties must be requii'ed. When au arrest is made. Si)ecial Ageuts or jiostmasters are required to immediately inform the Chief Special Agent, iu a special report, of all the facts iu relation thereto. This report uuist show the name and official position of the party arrested (if au employe of the Department), where, when, and by whom arrested, the offense, and the exact status of the case at date of such report. They are also rec^nired to keep the Department fully advised iu relation to the progress of trials of persons arrested for violatiou of the postal laws in their respective districts. Special reports should be made, from time to time, of the progress in each case to its final conclusiou, and the result. It is im- portant that these instructions should be complied with so far as it is iiracticablo to do so. Sec. 18. Special Agents, how related to Postmaster-General. — Tlie Post- master-General considers Special Ageuts of the Department a.s his re^jrcseutatives, and, as such, all postmasters, contractors, and othei-s iu the service are subordinate to them. They are responsible for their official acts only to him. In the discharge of their duties they are required to act with the single purpose of advancing the inter- ests of the i)ublic, and the efficiency and security of the Department. The element- ary details of the postal service must receive their uiu'emitting attention, to the end that the purpose for which the Post-Office establishment was created shall, as far as they may be concerned, have a faithful aud complete fulfillment. Instructions for their guidance are furnished them iu a separate volume. Sec. 19. Resident Foreign Mail Agencies. — The Postmaster-General jnay establish resident mail-agencies at the i)orts of Panama and Aspinwall iu New Granada ; Havana in Cuba ; at Saint Thomas, and at such other foreign ports at which United States mail-steamers touch to laiul and receive mails, as niay, in his judgment, promote the efficiency of the for- eign mail service ; and may pay the agents employed by him at such ports, out of the appropriation for transportation of the mail, a reason- able compensation for their services, and the necessary expenses for office-rent, clerk-hire, office-furniture, and other incidentals to be allowed him at each of such agencies. (K. S., § iU21.) 38 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 20. Mail Agents on Ocean Steamers. — The Postmaster-General may appoiut an agent in charge of the mail on board of «ach of the mail- steamers on the routes between San Francisco, Japan, and China; between San Francisco and Honolulu, in the Hawaiian Islands ; and between New York and Kio Janeiro, who shall be allowed, out of the appropriation for transportation of the mail, an annual salary of two thousand dollars each. (E. S., § 4022.) Sec. 21. Postal Agencies in China and Japan. — The Postmaster-General may establish, in connection with the mail steamship service to Japan and China, a general postal agency at Shanghai, in China, or at Yoko- hama, in Japan, with such branch agencies at any other ports in China and Japan as he shall deem necessary for the prompt and efficient man- agement of the postal service in those countries; and he may pay the postal agents employed thereat a reasonable com[)ensation for their services, in addition to the necessary expenses for rent, furniture, clerk- hire, and incidental expenses. (R. S., § 4023.) Sec. 22. Route Agents, Employment of. — The Postmaster-General may employ as many route agents as may be necessary for the promi)t and safe transportation of the mail, each of whom shall be paid out of the ai)propriation for transportation of the mail, at the rate of not less than nine hundred nor more than one thousand two hundred dollars a year each. (R. S., § 4024.) See Title IV, The Balhmij Mail- Service. Sec. 23. Railway Postal Clerks. — The Postmaster-General may appoint clerks for the purjjose of assortmg and distributing the mail in railway post-offices, each of whom shall be paid out of the appropriation for trans- portation of the mail, at the rate of not more than one thousand four hundred dollars a year each to the head clerks, nor more than one thous- and two hundred dollars a year each to the other clerks. (R. S., § 4025.) See Title lY, The Railway Mail- Service. Sec. 24. Oath of Office. — Before entering upon their duties, and before they shall receive any salary, the Postmaster-General, and all persons employed in the postal service, shall respectively take and subscribe before some magistrate or other competent officer authorized to admin- ister oaths by the laws of the United States, or of any State or Terri- tory, the following oath or affirmation: "'I, A. B. do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be,) that I will faithfully perform all the duties required of me and abstain from everything forbidden by the laws in relation to the establishment of post-offices and post-roads within the United States ; and that I will honestly and truly account for and pay over any money belonging to the said United States which may come into my possession or control; and I also further swear (or ailii'm) that I will support the Constitution of the United State«; So help me God.'" (Act of June 8, 1872, § 15, as amended by 18 Stat., p. 19; see also R. S., § 391.) Sec. 25. Who may Administer Oath. — And this oath or affirmation may TITLE I-^THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 39 be taken before any officer civil or military, holding: a coinniission nnder tbe United States, and sucli oflicer is lu'ieby antliorized to adiniiiisttT and certify sneli oatli epartiueut, which shall be affixed to all commissions of postmasters and others, and used to authenticate all transcripts and copies which may be required from his Department. (R. S., § 395.) Sec. 29. Duties of the Postmaster-General. — It shall be the duty of the Postmaster-General : First. To establish and discontinue post-offices. Second. To instruct all persons in the postal service with reference to their duties. Third. To decide on the forms of all official papers. Fourth. To prescribe the manner of keeping and stating accounts. Fiftli. To enforce the prompt rendition of returns relative to accounts. Sixth. To control, according to law, and subject to the settlement of the {Sixth) Auditor [of tlie Treasury for the Post-Office Department j, all expenses incident to the service of the Department. Seventh. To superintend the disposal of the moneys of the Depai ment. Eighth. To direct the manner in which balances shall be paid over ; issue warrants to cover money into the Treasury ; and to pay out the same. Ninth. To superintend generally the business of the Department, and execute all laws relative to the postal service. (E. S., § 390.) 42 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. Possessing tlie power to (liscoutinue post-offices, the Postmaster-General may exer- cise it, notwithstanding that the postmasters have been appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and under a statute which enacts that the appointee shall hold his office for the term of four years, unless sooner removed by the President. The office of postmaster at that place is in such case gone. (Ware vs. The United States, 4 Wall., 617.) The head of a Department has not a right to review the decision of his predecessor allowing a credit, except to correct some error of calculation ; if he is of oiiinion that the allowance was wrongful he must have a suit brought. (United States vs. Bank of Metropolis, 15 Peters, 377.) Where the Postmaster-General is authorized and required by act of Congress to adjust a particular claim, nothing but a new authority emanating from Congress will enable one of his successors to open his adjustment upon the ground that he adojited an erroneous basis of settlement. (Chorpenning Case, 12 Opinions, 355.) Sec. 30. Property in charge of the Department.. — The Postmaster-General shall make out and keep, in j)roper books, full and comi^lete inventories and accounts of all the property belonging to the United States in the buildings, rooms, offices, and grounds occupied by him and under his charge ; and shall add thereto, from time to time, an account of such, property as may be procured subsequently to the taking of the same, and also an account of the sale or disposal of any such property, and to report the same to Congress during the first week of each annual session. But this section shall not apply to the supplies of stationerj^ and fuel. (E. S., § 397.) Sec. 31. Postal Arrangements with Foreign Countries. — For the purpose of making better jiostal arrangements with foreign countries, or to coun- teract their adverse measures aiiecting our postal intercourse with them, the Postmaster-General, by and with the advice and consent of the President, may negotiate and conclude postal treaties or conventions, and may reduce or increase the rates of postage on mail-matter con- veyed between the United States and foreign countries. (R. S., § 398.) Sec. 32. Publication of Postal Conventions. — The Postmaster-General shall transmit a copy of each postal convention concluded with foreign gov- ernments to the Secretary of State, who shall furnish a copy of the same to the Congressional Printer for publication; and the printed proof- sheets of all such conventions shall be revised at the Post-Office De- partment. (R. S., § 399.) Sec. 33. Blank Agency at Washington. — The Postmaster-General may establish a blank agency for the Post-Office Department to be located at Washington, District of Columbia. (R. S., § -400.) Sec. 34. Foreign Dead Letters. — The actiou of the Post-Office Depart- ment respecting foreign dead letters shall be subject to conventional stipulations with their respective foreign administrations. (R. S., § 401.) Sec. 35. Orders, Contracts, etc., to be truly Dated. — Every order, entry, or memorandum whatever, on which any action is to be based, allowance made, or money paid, and evcvj cou tract, paper, or obligation made by or with the Post-Office Department, shall have its true date affixed to it ; and every paper relating to contracts or allowances filed in the De- TITLE I THE rOST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 43 piirtmcnt sliall have the date when it was filed iii(h)r.sed upon it. (11. S., § 402.) Sec. 36. Form of Bonds and Contracts. — All bonds taken and contracts entered into by the rost-Ollice Department shall be made to and with the United States of America. (K. S., § 403.) Postiiiaster-Goneral vs. Early, 12 Wheat. 49. Dox rs. I'ostiuaster-General, 1 Petens, 318. Sec. 37. Copies of Mail Contracts for the Auditor. — The Postmaster-Gen- eral shall deliver to the (JSixth) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post- Office Department] within sixty days after the making of any contract for earryiii<;- the mail, a duplicate copy thereof. (II. S., § 404.) Sec. 38. iDrders to be Certified to the Auditor. — All orders and regulations of the Postmaster-General which may originate a claim, or in any man- ner affect the accounts of the postal ser%'ice, shall be certified to the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department. (R. S., § 405.) Sec. 39. Credits for Payments by Postmasters. — Upon the certified quar- terly statement by the {Sixth) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post Office Department] of the payments by postmasters on account of the postal service, the Postmaster- General shall issue his warrant to the Treasurer to carry the amount to the credit of the postal revenues and to the debit of the proper appropriations upon the books of the Auditor. (R. S., § 40G.) Sec. 40. Fines, Penalties, Forfeitures, etc., how Remitted. — In all cases of fine, penalty, forfeiture, or disability, or alleged liability for any sum of money by way of damages or otherwise, under any provision of law in relation to the officers, employes, operations, or business of the postal service, the Postmaster-General may prescribe such general rules and modes of proceeding as shall appear to be expedient, for the government of the {Sixth) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department] in ascertaining the fact in each case in which the Auditor shall certify to him that the interests of the department probably i-equire the exercise of his powers over fines, penalties, forfeitures, and liabilities ; and upon the fact being ascertained, the Auditor may, with the written consent of the Postmaster-General, mitigate or remit such fine, penalty, or for- feiture, remove such disability, or compromise, release, or discharge such claim for such sum of money and damages, and on such terms as the Auditor shall deem just and expedient. (R. S.. § 409.) Sec. 41. Discharge of Imprisoned Judgment Debtors. — The Postmaster- General may discharge from imprisonment any person confined in jail on any judgment in a civil case, obtained in behalf of the Department, if it be made to appear that the defendant has no property of any descrix)- tion. (R. S., § 410.) Sec. 42. Such Discharge no Bar to Execution. — The release i^rovided for by the preceding section shall not bar a subsequent execution against the property of the defendant on the same judgment. (R. S., § 411.) Sec. 43, Postal Employes may not be Interested in Contracts. — Xo person 44 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. employed iu the Post-Oflfice Department sliall become interested in any contract for carrying tlie mail, or act as agent, with or without compen- sation, for any contractor or j^erson offering to become a contractor, in any business before the Department ; and any i)erson so offending shall be immediately dismissed from office, and shall be liable to pay so much money as would have been realized from said contract, to be re- covered in an action of debt, for the use of the Post-Office Department. (R. S., §412.) See section 599. Sec. 44. Prescribed Annual Reports of the Postmaster-General. — The Post- master-General shall make the following annual reports to Congress : First. A report of all contracts for carrying the mail made ^^ithiu the preceding year, giving in each case the name of the contractor ; the date and duration of the contract ; the routes embraced therein, with the length of each ; the time of arrival and departure at the ends of each route ; the mode of transportation ; and the price to be paid, together with a copy of the recorded abstracts of all proposals for carrying the mail, as provided by section 588 [three thousand nine hundred and forty- eight) [of the Revised Statutes]. Second. A report of all laud and water mails established or ordered within the preceding year, other than those let to contract at the annual letting, giving in each case the route or water-course on which the mail is established ; the name of the person emplo3^ed to transport it ; the mode of transportation 5 the price to be paid ; and the duration of the order or contract. Third. A report of all allowances made to contractors within the pre- ceding year above the sums originally stipulated in their respective contracts, and the reasons for the same, and of all orders made whereby additional exj)ense is incurred on any route beyond the original contract price, giving in each case the route ; the name of the contractor ; the original service pro.vided for \>j the contract ; the original price ; the additional service required ; and the additional allowance therefor. Fourth. A report of all curtailments of expenses effected within the preceding year, giving in each case the same particulars as in the pre- ceding report. Fifth. A report of the finances of the Department for the preceding year, showing the amount of balance due the Department at the begin- mng of the year ; the amount of postage which accrued within the year ; the amount of engagement and liabilities; and the amount actually paid during the year for carrying the mail, showing how much of said amount was for carrying the mail in preceding years. . Sixth. A report of the fines imposed on, and the deductions from the pay of contractors, made during the preceding year, stating the name of the contractor; the nature of the delinquency; the route on which it occurred; when the fine was imposed; and whether the fine or deduc- tion has been remitted : and for what reason. TITLE I THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 45 Seventh. A copy of each contract for carrying the mail between the United States and toreijin countries, Avith a statement of the iinioniit of postage derived under the same, so far as the returns of tlie Department will enable it to be done. Eighth. A rei)()it showing all contracts which have been made by the Department, other than for carrying the mail, giving the name of the con- tractor; the article or thing contracted for; the place where the article was to be delivered or the thing jierformed; the amount paid therefor ; and the date and duration of the contract. Ninth. A report on the postal business and agencies in foreign coun- tiies. Tenth. A report of the amount expended in the Department for the preceding fiscal year, including detailed statements of exi^enditures made from the contingent fund. And the Postmaster-General shall cause all of such reports to be printed at the Public Printing Ofiice, either together or separately, and in such numbers as may be required by the exigencies of the service or by law. (R. S., § 413.) Sec. 45. Annual Reports of the Auditor. — The annual reports of the Au- ditor of the Treasury for the Post-Ottice Department to the Postmaster- General shall show the financial condition of the Post-Oflace Depart- ment at the close of each fiscal year, and be made a part of the Post- master-General's annual report to Congress for that fiscal year. (Act of July 12, 1876, § 4, 19 Stat., p. 80.) Sec. 46. Annual Estimates of the Postmaster-General. — The Postmaster- General shall submit to Congress at each annual session an estimate of the amount that will be required for the ensuing fiscal year, under each of the following heads: First. Transportation of the mails. Second. Compensation of postmasters. Third. Comi)ensation of clerks in post-offices. Fourth. Compensation of letter-carriers. Fifth. Compensation of blank-agents and assistants. Sixth. Mail depredations and special agents. Seventh. Postage-stamiJs and envelopes. Eighth. Ship, steamboat, and way letters. Kinth. Dead letters. Tenth. Mail-bags. Eleventh. Mail locks, keys, and stamps. Twelfth. Wrapping-paper. Thirteenth. Office-furniture. Fourteenth. Advertising. Fifteenth. Balances to foreign countries. Sixteenth. Pent, light, and fuel for post-offices. Seventeenth. Stationery. Eighteenth. Miscellaneous. 46 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. Siicli estimates shall show the sums paid imder each heail, and the names of the persons to whom payments are made out of the miscel- laneous fund ; but the names of persons employed in detecting depre- dations on the mail, and of other contidential agents, need not be dis- closed. (R. S., § 3G68.) Hereafter, in making his estimates for railway mail service, the Post- master-General shall separate the estimate for postal-car service from the general estimates ; and in case any increase or diminution of service by postal cars shall be made by him, the reasons therefor shall be given in his annual report next succeeding such increase or diminution. (Act of March 3, 1879, § 1, 20 Stat., p. 356.) Sec. 47. Estimates to be furnished the Secretary of the Treasury. — The Postmaster-General shall furnish a copy of his annual estimates to the Secretary of the Treasury prior to the first of October in each year, which shall be reported to Congress by the latter in his regular printed estimates. (R. S., § 414, as amended by act March 3, 1875, § 3, 18 Stat., p. 370.) Sec. 48. Contracts signed by the First Assistant. — The bonds of all post- masters may by the direction of the Postmaster-General be ai)proved and accepted, and the approval and acceptance signed by the First Assistant Postmaster-General in the name of the Postmaster- General ; and all contracts for stationery, wrapping-paper, letter-balances, scales, and street letter-boxes, for the use of the postal service may be signed in like manner by the First Assistant Postmaster-General in the place and stead of the Postmaster-General, and his signature shall be attested by the seal of the Post-Offlce Department. (Act March 3, 1877, § 2, 19 Stat., p. 335.) Sec. 49. Contracts signed by the Second Assistant. — The Second Assistant Postmaster-General on the order of the Postmaster-General may sign with his name, in the place and stead of the Postmaster-General and attest his signature by the seal of the Post-OfQce Department, all con- tracts made in the said Department for mail transportation and for sup- plies of mail-bags, mail-catchers, mail-locks, and keys and all other arti- cles necessary and incidental to mail-transportation. (Act March 3, 1877, § 3, 19 Stat., p. 335.) Sec. 50. Contracts signed by the Third Assistant. — The Third Assistant Postmaster-General, when directed by the Postmaster-General, may also sign, in his name, in the place and stead of the Postmaster-General, and attest his signature by the seal of the Post-Ofi&ce Department, all con- tracts for supplies of postage-stamps, stamped envelopes, newspaper- wrappers, postal cards, registered-package envelopes, locks, seals, and official envelopes for the use of postmasters, and return of dead letters, that may be required for the postal service. (Act March 3, 1877, § 4, 10 Stat., p.* 335.) Sec. 51. Omission to take Oath not to affect Liability, etc. — Every person emi)loyed in the postal service shall be subject to all ijenalties and for- TITLE I THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 47 feituies for violation of tlie laws relating? to such service whether he has taken tlie oath of olVico or not. (II. S., § 38.32.) Sec. 52. Suits and Prosecutions in State courts. — All causes of action aris- ing under the postal laws may be sued, and all offenders a;,^iinst the same may he prosecuted, before the justices of the peace, magistrates, or other Judicial ccmrts of the several States and Territories having competent jurisdiction by the laws thereof, to the trial of claims aud demands of as great vahie, and of prosecutions where the punishments are of as great extent ; and such justices, magistrates, or judiciary shall take cognizance thereof, aud i)roceed to judgment and execution as iu other cases. (R. S., § 3833.) Sec. 53. Disbursements for the Topographer's Office, how made. — The dis- bursements of the moneys appropriated for the preparation and publica- tion of post-route maps shall be made by a regular bonded disbursiug- officer of the Post-Offtce Department, according to the laws, rides, and customs as recognized by the accounting-ofQcers of the Treasury Depart- ment. The pay-rolls of the draughtsmen, clerks, messengers, and other employees of the topographer's office, shall be regularly made out by the chief of the topographer's office, examined and checked by the appoint- ment-clerk of the Post-Office Department, and the payments thereof made by a bonded disbursing-officer of the Post-Office Department. All expenditures made by the chief of the topographer's office for the prep- aration and publication of post-route maps shall be accounted for by vouchers, accompanied by affidavit, and the moneys therefor shall be disbursed by a disbursing-officer of the Post-Office Department; and all of the above disbiu'sements shall be paid out of the appropriation for the jireparation aud publication of i)ost-route maps. (Act of June 17, 1878, § 2, 20 Stat., p. 143.) Sec. 64. No Employ^ to Receive Fees. — Xo persou employed in the postal ser\ice shall receive any fees or perquisites on account of the duties to be performed by virtue of his appointment. (K. S., § 3858.) CHAPTER TWO. ACCOUNTS, REVENUES, AND DEPOSITS. Sec. 55. Manner of keeping accounts. 56. Miscellaneous ami uioney-order receipts.. 67. Postal revenues to be accounted for. Sec. 64. Accounts to be preserved tvro years. 65. Restrictions on pajTucnts on account of postal service. 58. Revenues to be appropriated for postal serv'ice. ! 66. Postal revenues and coUectious to be paid into 59. Payments, liow made ; advances. I Treasury. 60. Transfer of debts to contractors. 67. Deposits, how brought into the Treasury. 01. Suits to recover -wrongful or fraudulent pay- 68. Transfer of postal deposits. ments. I 69. Accounts of postal deposits. 62. Delivery of stolen money to owner. I 70. Entry of each deposit, transfer, and pa>nnent. 63. Disposal of fines, penalties, aud forfeitures ; of 71. Public moneys iu Treasury subject to diiift of moieties. 1 Treasurer. 48 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. Sec. 72. Money to be safely kept by postmasters. 73. Custody of government money in hands of po.st- masters. 74. Frequent deposits of revenues. 75. No money to be paid directly into the Depart- ment. 76. Post-offices financially designated and classi, fled. • 77. Post-offlces transferred from one class to an. other. 78. Postmasters to transfer their deposits promptly. 79. Letter of transmittal, to state what. SO. Postmasters may transfer funds free. 81. Postmasters to report amounts paid mail-mes- sengers, etc. 82. Postmasters to report cause of failure to de- posit. 83. Want of funds not accepted as excuse. 84. Collection-drafts must be paid. Sec. 85. Failure to deposit cause for removal, unless. 86. Postmasters to pay over balance at end ot quarter. 87. Postmasters at special post-offices to report balance. 88. Postmasters at special post-offices to transmit receipts promptly. 89. Payments to Department must be in what. 90. 'No allowance made for expenses for payments, etc. 91. Counterfeit money to be replaced. 92. Postmasters at di'aft post-offices not to pay drafts on other post-offices. 93. Postmasters not required to redeem mutilated cun-ency. 94. Postmasters to refuse mutilated coins. 95. All funds to be kept in current money. 96. Postmasters to sign certificates in person. 97. Postmasters not to receive foreign coin. Sec. 55. Manner of Keeping Accounts. — The accounts of the postal service shall be kept in such a mauiier as to exhibit separately the amouut of revenue derived from the following sources respectively : First. Letter-postage. Second. Book, newspaper, and pamphlet postage. Third. Eegistered letters. rourth. Box-rents and branch offices. Fifth. Postage-stamj)s and envelopes. Sixth. Dead letters. Seventh. Fines and penalties. Eighth. Revenue from money-order business. ^ Ninth. Miscellaneous. And they shall exhibit separately the amount of expenditure made for each of the following objects respectively: First. Transportation of the mail. Second. Compensation of postmasters. Third. Comiiensation of letter-carriers; Fourth. Compensation of clerks for i)ost-offices. Fifth. Compensation of blank-agents and assistants. Sixth. Mail depredations and special agents. Seventh. Postage-stamps and envelopes. Eighth. Ship, steamboat, and way letters. Ninth. Dead-letters. Tenth. Mail-bags. Eleventh. Mail locks and keys. Twelfth. Post-marking and canceling stamps. Thirteenth. Wrapping-i)aj)er. Fourteenth. Twine. Fifteenth . Letter-balances. Sixteenth. OfiQce-furniture. Seventeenth. Advertising. Eighteenth. Balances to foreign countries. TITLE I — TIIF. POST-OrJTCE DEPATiTMEXT. 49 Nineteenth. Rent, lijiilit, and fuel for post-offices. Twentietli. Stationery. Twenty-first. Miscellaneous. (K. S., § 4049.) Sec. 56. Miscellaneous and Money-order Receipts. — Unclaimed money in dead letters for which no owner can Ix? found; all monej' taken from the mail by robbery, theft, or otherwise, whicli may come into tlie liands ot any agent or employ^ of the United States, or any other i^erson whatever : all fines and penalties imposed for any violation of the i)ostal laws, ex- cei)t such part as may by law belong to the informer or party prosecnt- ing for the same; and all money derived from the sale of waste paper or other public property of the Post-Office Department, shall be depos- ited in the Treasury, under the direction of the Postmaster-General, as part of the postal revenue. And the Postmnster-General shall cause to be placed to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States, for the service of the Post -Office Department, the net proceeds of the money- order business; and the receipts of the Post-Office Department derived from this source during each quarter shall be entered by the {tSixtlt) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department] in the ac- counts of such Department, under the head of "revenue from money ^ order business." (K. S., § 4050.) Sec. 57. Postal Revenues to be Accounted for. — All postages, box-rents, and other receipts at post-offices, shall be accounted for as part of the postal revenues ; and each postmaster shall be charged with and held accountable for any part of the same, accruing at his office, which he has neglected to collect, the same as if h« had collected it. (K. S., § 4051.) Sec. 58. Revenues to be Appropriated for Postal Service. — The money re- quired for the jiostal service in each year shall be appropriated by law out of the revenues of the service. (R. S., § 4054.) Sec. 59. Payments, how Made ; Advances. — All payments on account of the postal service shall be made to persons to whom the same shall be certified to be due by the {Sixth) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post- Office Dei)artraent]; but advances of necessary sums to defray ex- penses may be made by the Postmaster-General to agents enq)loyed to investigate mail depredations, examine post routes and offices, and on other like services, to be charged to them by the Auditor, and to be accounted for in the settlement of their accounts. (K. S., § 4055.) Sec. 60. Transfer of Debts to Contractors. — The Postmaster-General may transfer debts due to the Department from postmasters and others to such contractors as have given bonds, with security, to refund any money that may come into their hands over and above the amount found due them on the settlement of their accounts ; but such transfers shall only be in satisfaction of legal demands for which appropriations have been made. (R. S., § 4050.) Sec. 61. Suits to recover Wrongful or Fraudulent Payments. — In all cases where money has been x>aid out of the funds of tlie Post-Office Dei)art- 4 P L 50 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. meut under tlie pretense that service has been performed therefor, when, in fact, such service has not been performed, or as additional allowance for increased service actually rendered, when the additional allowance exceeds the sum which, according to law, might rightfully' have been allowed therefor, and in all other cases where money of the Department has been paid to any person in consequence of fraudulent representa- tions, or by the mistake, collusion, or misconduct of any ofScer or other employe in the postal service, the Postmaster-General shall cause suit to be brought to recover such wrong or fraudulent paj'ment or excess, with interest thereon. (R. S., § 4057.) Sec. 62. Delivery of Stolen Money to Owner. — Whenever the Postmaster- General is satisfied that money or property stolen from the mail, or the proceeds thereof, has been received at the Department, he may, upon satisftictory evidence as to the owner, deliver the same to him. (R. S., § 4058.) Sec. 63. Disposal of Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures ; Moieties. — All pen- -alties and forfeitures imposed for any violation of law affecting thePost- Oflfice Department for its revenue or property shall be recoverable, one- half to the use of the person informing and prosecuting for the same, and the other half to be paid into the Treasury for the use of the Post-Oflfice Department, unless a different disposal is expressly prescribed. All tines collected for violations of such laws shall be paid into the Treasury for the use of the Post-Office Department. (R. S., § 4059.) Sec. 64. Accounts to be Preserved Two Years. — The Postmaster-General may dispose of any quarterly returns of mails sent or received, pre- serving the accounts-current and all accompanying vouchers, and use such portions of the proceeds as may be necessary to defray the cost of separating and disposing of them; but the accounts shall be preserved entire for at least two years. (R. S., § 4000.) Sec. 65. Restrictions on Payments on Account of Postal Service. — Payments ■of money out of the Treasury on account of the postal service shall be in pursuance of appropriations made by law, by warrants of the Post- master-General, registered and countersigned by the Auditor for the Post-Office Department, and expressing on their fiice the appropriation to which they should be charged. (R. S., § 3ij74.) Sec. 66. Postal Revenues and Collections to be paid into Treasury. — The postal revenues and all debts due to the Post-Office Department shall, when collected, be paid into the Treasury of the United States, under the direction of the Postmaster-General ; and the Treasurer, assistant treas- urer, or designated depositary' receiving such paynient, shall give the depositor duplicate receipts tlierefor. (R. S., § 407.) Sec. 67. Deposits ; how Brought into the Treasury. — All deposits on ac- count of the postal service shall be brought into the Treasury by war- rants of the Postmaster-General, countersigned by tlie Auditor; and no credit shall be allowed for any deposit until such warrant has been issued. (R. S., § 408.) TITLE I THE rOST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 51 Sec. 68. Transfer of Postal Deposits. — Tlie Postmaster-General may trans- fer money bel<)ii;;in;;- to tlie i)o>,tal service between the Treasnrer, assist- ant treasurers, and designated depositaries, at his diseretion, and as tlni safety of the public money and tUe conveuience of the service may re- quire. (11. s., § r>(]n.) Sec. 69. Accounts of Postal Deposits. — Every depositary sliall keep liis account of the money paid to or deposited with him, belonging to tlie Post-Offico Department, .separate and distinct from the account Icept by him of other i>ublic moneys so paid or dei)osited. (R. S., § .'Jfil:!'.) Sec. 70. Entry of each Deposit, Transfer, and Payment. — All persons charged by law with the safe-keeping, transfer, and disltursement of the public moneys, other than those connected with the Post-Oilk-e Depart- ment, are required to keep an accnrate entry of each sum received and of each payment or transfer. (11. S., § 3043.) Sec. 71. Public moneys in Treasury subject to draft of Treasurer. — All moneys paid into the Treasury of the United States shall be subject to the draft of the Treasurer. And for the purpose of payments on the public account the Treasnrer is anthorized to draw upon any of the de- positaries, as he may think most conducive to the public interest and to the convenience of the public creditors. Each depositary so drawn upon shall make returns to the Treasury and Post-Office Departments of all moneys receiv^ed and paid by him, at such times and in such forms as shall be directed by the Secretary of the Treasury or the Postmaster- General. (P. S., § 3644.) Sec. 72. Money to be Safely Kept. — Postmasters shall keep safely, with- out loaning, using, depositing in an unauthorized bank, or exchanging for other funds, all the public money collected by them, or which may come into their possession, until it is ordered l)y the Postmaster-General to be transferred or paid out. (R. S., § 3846.) Sec. 73. Custody of Government Money in hands of Postmasters. — Any postmaster, having public money belonging to the Government, at an ofhce within a county where there are no designated depositaries, treas- urers of mints, or Treasurer or assistant treasurers of the United States, may deposit the same, at his own risk and in his official capacity, in any national bank in the town, city, or county where the said postmaster resides ; but no authority or permission is or shall be given for the de- mand or receipt by the postmaster, or any other jjerson, of interest, directly or indirectly, on any deposit made as herein described ; and evary postmaster who makes any such deposit shall report quarterly to the Postmaster-General the name of the bank where such deposits have been made, and also state the amount which may stand at the time to his credit. (P. S., § 3S47.) Sec. 74. Frequent Deposits of Revenues. — The postmaster at Washington, and postmasters at cities where there is an assistant treasurer, shall de- posit the postal revenues, and all money accruing at their office, with such assistant treasurer, as often as once a week at least, and as much oftener as the Postmaster-General may direct. (R. S., § 3848.) 52 POSTAL LAWS AND KEGULATIOXS. Sec. 75. "So money to be paid Directly into the Department. — Xo moneys are to be paid directly iuto the Department, neither are any paid ont directly by it. The proceeds of postage, or moneys received for postage-stamps, stamped-euvelopes, news- paper-wrappers, or postal-cards sold, will, therefore, never be remitted by postmasters to the Department, nor be paid to any of its officers or .agents, without duo authority from the Postmaster-General. When money is sent to the Department in violation of this regulation it will be returned at the risk of the person so sending it. Sec. 76. Post-offices Financially Designated and Classified. — For couveni- ence ia collecting and disbursing the revenues of the Post-Office Department, post- offices are designated and classed as follows, viz : 1. Special post-offices. — Those post-offices not located on a regular mail-route, but, which are supplied by a special carrier, whose compensation ie fixed at two-thirds of the salary of the jiostmaster. See section 548. 2. Depositing post-officks. — Such as are directed to deposit, at some designated pointii, their surplus funds, quarterly or oftener. 3. Depositokt and draft post-offices. — Those which are directed to retain their own funds, the surplus funds of de^wsiting post-offices and funds received by collec- tiou-drafte on hand to meet drafts drawn by the Third Assistant Postmaster-General, and countersigned by the Auditor. 4. Collection post-offices. — Those which are required to pay over their net proceeds quarterly to the mail carrier named in their special instructions, upon the production by him, from time to time, of the proper orders and receipts sent to him by the Depart- ment. No receipts other than the printed forms furnished to contractors by the De- partment Avill be recognized. All manuscript receipts are illegal. Upon the pre- sentation of the order to the j)Ostmaster by the contractor, or his agent named in the order, the iiostmaster must pay over all money in his hands due to the United States for that quarter, from whatever source derived (except money-order funds), whether for drafts collected from postmasters and others, postage-.stamps, stamped envelopes, newspaper- wrappers, postal cards, waste-paper, box-rents, or other emoluments of the post-wMcft. The amount duo the mail-messenger, if employed, is also excepted from this regulation. Sec. 77. Post-offices transferred from one Class to Another. — Post-offices are transferred, from time to time, from one to another of these classes, to meet the necessities of the service. When such changes are made postmasters will be duly notified. Sec. 78. Postmasters to transfer their Deposits Promptly. — When a post- master has been directed to deposit quarterly, he will, as soon as practicable after the close of a quarter, not delaying more than fifteen days, deposit the whole amount due by him to the Department (as shown by his general account) in such funds as are receivable by law, taking an original and duplicate certificate for the same. The ori- ginal nuist be transmitted in a letter addressed to the Third Assistant Postmaster- (Jeueral, and the duplicate retained as a voucher. If it be not convenient for him to attend to it in person, it is expected that he will embrace the first safe opportunity for transferring the funds by private hands to the point designated, without incurring expense or risk to the Di^partment. Sec. 79. Letter of Transmittal should State what. — A' letter of transmittal should ac*ouipany each deposit, giving full name of the postmaster, the name of his post-office, county, and State, .and the quarter for which the amount is due. Sec. 80. Postmasters may Transfer Funds free. — Postmasters desi ring to do sft mny trasmit funds for d<'i>osit by registered letti^r, in official jxinalty-euvelopes fui- iiishod by the D(q):irluient, ;ind omit th( fee for r(^gistratIou. See section 81"2. Sec. 81. Postmasters to report Amounts paid Mail Messengers, etc. — Post- masters at depositing post-offices who pay mail-messengers or special mail-carriers will report the amount so paid each quarter to tlie Third Assistant Postuiaster-General, .and deposit the balance, if auy, at the point dejsignated. TITLE I Tin: I'OST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. :53 Sec. 82. Postmasters to report Cause of Failure to Deposit. — Postmaatej-s ;it iiost-otlici's siK'fitiod by section 7H, fiiiling to deposit within a inoiitli after tlio elose of a iinartcr, must rejiort tlie eanse of failure to tlie Third Assistant Postiiiaster-Ooueral, or they will be treated as do8it. The postmaster is not per- mitted to f^iv*' credit for i»ostajjes, which are regarded jis cash iu his hands. In like manner, he is juohibited from using, loaninj;, investing, or exchanging moneys received for iinstagcs, on i»ain nf criminal prosecution. Sec. 84. Collection-drafts Must be Paid. — A postmaster cannot refuse to ])ay a draft or collection-order because the contractor is indebted to him. nor because there is an unsettled private account between them, nor upon any other i>retext; and such refusal is made by the law (section 1249) prima-facie evidence of embezzlement, subjecting him to punishment. Sec. 85. Failure to deposit Cause for Removal, Unless. — A failure either to deposit according to instructions, or to pay a draft when presented, or to pay over to a contractor n})ou tlie production of the proper collection orders and receipts, will be followed by the removal of the delinquent postmaster, unless satisfactory explanation is made to the Postmaster-General. Sec. 86. Postmasters to Pay over Balance at end of Quarter. — Postinaster.s at collection post-t>rtices must be rtady to pay over the balance of postal funds due to the United States at the end of each quarter after paying all othcers and employes of the Post-Othce Department authorized by circular No. 3000, and will transnut the con- tractor's receipt by the very first mail after payment is made. Such payments must include the whole amount of money on hand (except money-order funds), whether arising from the postages of the quarter or any preceding quarters, from s.ales of postage- stamps, stamped-envelopes, newspaper-wrappers, or postal-cards, or from nmneys col- lected by or deposited with the postmaster. The absence of the postmaster from his post-oftice when the contractor presents the collection-order will not be accepted as a good reason for non-payment. The receipts must never be put up with the quarterly returns, but should be sent in a separ.ate envelope, addressed to the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department. Sec. 87. Postmasters at Special Post-offices to report Balance. — Eveiy post- master of a "special post-olhce" will report to the Postmaster-tienei'al, at the end of each ([uarter, the balance in his hands over and above the sums due the carrier for supplying his post-office with the mail, in order that the Department may make a l)roi»er disposition of such balances. Sec. 88. Postmasters at Special Post-offices to transmit Receipts promptly, — Postmasters at "special post-offices," when under orders to pay their respective car- riers, will not only pay i»romptly, but lose no time in transmitting to the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Ofiice Department the receipts taken for their quarterly pay- ments. Sec. 89. Payments to Department must be in what. — All payments to the Department, whether upon drafts or otherwise, nnist be in specie, United .States Treas- ury notes, or notes of the national banks; and iKistmasters, in receiving payment of postages or other dues to the Deitartuuuit, should always bear in mind that they are bound to pay them over iu the legal currency of the L'nited States. Sec. 90. No allowance made for Expenses for Payments, etc. — Xo allowance will be made to any jiostmaster for expenses incurred in paying over moneys due by him to the Department; neither will any allowance be made for expenses incurred iu collecting moneys due the Department. Sec. 91. Counterfeit money to be replaced. — Postmasters receiving coun- terfeit money will be recpiircd to replace the same with genuine current funds. 54 POSTAL LAWS AXD EEGULATIOXS. Sec. 92. Postmasters at draft-offices not to pay for other post-offices. — Post- masters at draft post-offices must not pay drafts drawu upon otlier post-offices. Credit for sncli payments will not be allowed. Sec. 93. Postmasters not Required to redeem Mutilated Currency.— Post- masters are not recjuired by law to redeem, or accept in payment of post-office dues, money-orders, stamps, or stamped-euvelopes, any currency wMch may be so mutilated as to be nncurrent; nor is it any part of their duty to receive and transmit to the Treasury, for redemption, mutilated cuiTency belonging to individuals, excej)t as reg- ular mail-matter, forwarded in the usual manner at the risk of the owner. Sec. 94. Postmasters to Refuse Mutilated Coins. — The Treasury Department having declined to receive any coins which have been mutilated (perforated or abraded)» postmasters should refuse all such coins, and thus avoid trouble and expense. Sec. 95. All funds to be kept in Current Money. — The necessities of the postal service are such that all funds received by postmasters must be kept in ciu'reut and passable money, so as to be immediately available for paying the drafts of the De-partment, money-orders, and expenses of the service. Sec. 96. Postmasters to sign Certificates in Person. — Postmasters at depos- itory post-offices must sign certificates of deposit in person, unless necessarily absent or sick, in Avhich case they maj^ be signed as follows : A B , P. M., By C D , A><>iista)i( P. if. Sec. 97. Postmasters not to Receive foreign Coins. — Foreign gold aud silver coins are not a legal tender in the United States, and postmasters should not receive them in payment of postal dues or stamps. TITLE II. POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. CHAPTER ONE. ESTABLISHMENT OF POST-OFFICES AND APPOINTMENT OF POST- MASTERS.— OF BONDS AND SURETIES. Soc. I Sec. 98. E.st;il)lislim-nt of post-offioes. I 107. Commissions not i.s-titi'd to pD.stm.i.sters before 99. Discoutinu;nii'(^ of post-offices. , approval of bonds. 100. Classificatiou of i)ostniasti'rs. \ 108. Who may be appointed postmaster. 101. Appointment and tenure of office of postmas- j 109. "When new bond is required. ters. j 110. Limit of time of suretie.s' liability. 102. Appointments issued from office of First As- ' 111. Responsibility of sureties upon postmaster's sistaut. j death. 103. Postmasters" commissions to be recorded and I 112. Kenewal of bond. countersigned. ' 113. Application of sureties for release, to whom 104. Residence of postmasters. I made. 105. Bonds of postmasters. j 114. Changingnameof post-office necessitates new 106. Application of payments after giving new bond. bond. I 115. Sureties on bonds, how released. Sec. 98. Establishment of Post-offices. — The Postmaster-General shall establish po.st-offices at all such places on post-roads established by law as he may deem expedient, and he shall promptly certify such establish- ment to the (Sixth) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Othce Depart- ment.] And every person who, without authority from the Postmaster- General, sets u}) or professes to keej) any office or place of business bear- ing' the sign, name, or title of post-office, shall, for every such offense, be liable to a penalty of not more than five hundred dollars. (R. S., § 3820.) See sections 16, 5iS. Sec. 99. Discontinuance of Post-offices. — The Postmaster-General may discontinue any post-office where the safety and security of the postal service and revenues are endangered from any cause whatever, or where the- efficiency of the service requires such discontinuance, and he shall promptly certify such discontinuance to the [Sixth) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department.] (R. S., § 3864.) Sec. 100. Classification of Postmasters. — Postmasters shall be divided into four classes, as follows : The first class shall embrace all those whose annual salaries are three thousand dollars or more than three thousand dollars ; the second class shall embrace all those whose annual salaries are less than three thousand dollar.s, but not less than two thousand dollars; the third class shall embrace all those whose annual salaries are less than two thousand dollars, but not less than one thousand dol- lars; the foiu'th class shall embrace all postmasters whose annual com- pensation, exclusive of their commissious on the money -order business. 55 56 POSTAL LAVvS AND REGULATIONS. of tbeir offices, aiuoimts to less thau one tlioiisaud dollars. (Act July 12, 1876, § 5, 19 Stat., p. 80.) Sec. 101. Appointment and term of office of Postmasters. — Postmasters of the first, second, and third classes sliall be appointed and may be re- moved by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Sen- ate, and shall hold their offices for four years unless sooner removed or suspended according to law; and postmasters of the fourth-class shall be appointed and may be removed by the Postmaster-General, by whom all appointments and removals shall be notified to the Auditor (of the Treasury) for the Post-Office Department. (Act July 12, 1876, § 6, 10 Stat., p. 80.) Sec. 102. Appointments hy First Assistant Postmaster-General. — All ap- iiointmcnts of postmasters are issued by ilirectiou of tlie Postmaster-General from tlie office of the First Assistant Postmaster-Geueral. Sec. 103. Postmasters' Commissions to be Recorded and Countersigned. — Hereafter the commissions of all postmasters appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall be made out and recorded in the Post-Office Department, and shall be under the seal of said Department, and countersigned by the Postmaster-General, any laws to the contrary notwithstanding : Provided, That the said seal shall not be affixed to any such commission until after the same shall have been signed by the President of the United States. (x^Lct March 18, 1874, § 1,^18 Stat., p. 23.) Sec. 104. Residence of Postmasters. — Every postmaster shall reside with- in the delivery of the office to which he is appointed. (R. S., § 3831.) A x)ostraaster until the action of the Postmaster-Genei-al does not vacate his office by remaining out of the neighborhood of the jjost-office. If he keep the post-office by an assistant he is still responsible to the Department and to individuals. (2 McLean, 14.) Sec. 105. Bonds of Postmasters. — Every postmaster, before entering upon the duties of his office, shall give bond, with good and approved security, and in such penalty as the Postmaster-General shall deem sufficient, conditioned for the faithful discharge of all duties and trusts imiwsed on him either by law or the rules and regulations of the Department ; and where an office shall be designated as a money-order office, the bond of the i)ostmaster shall contain an additional condition for the faithful X^erformance of all duties and obligations in connection with the money- order business. On the death, resignation, or removal of a postmaster, his bond shall be delivered to the {iSixth) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department.] The bond of any married Avomau who may be appointed postmaster shall be binding upon her and her sureties, and she shall be liable for misconduct in office as if she were sole. (R. S., § 3834.) The bond of a deputy postmaster takes effect and speaks from tlie time that it reaches the Postnuister-Geueral, and not from the day of its date nor from the time wluMi it is deposited in the post-ol'lice to be forwarded. (Boody vs. United States, 1 Wood &Min., 150.) The bond does not constitute a binding contract until approved and accepted by TITLE II rOST-OFFICES AND TOSTMASTERS. 57 tlip Postiimstcr-Gencral. The n'('(i])tii)n and dt'ti'iitioii of an oflirial liond by tlie Post- master-General ft»r a considorablo time without (dejection i8 a 8iirtieiout proof of itb acceptance. (The I'ostma.ster-General v. Norvel, (iilpin, I). ('. R., 131.) Sec. 106. Application of Payments after Giving new Bond. — AVliencvor any ])(»stiii;istt'r is icijuircd t<> execute a new bund, all i)a\ iiient.s made by him after the execution of such new bond may, if the Postmaster-Gen- eral or tlie {Sixth) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Odice Dei)art- ment] deem it just, be applied first to di.scharge any balance which may be due fi'om said i)ostmaster under his old bond. Hereafter, Avhen a deficiency shall be discovered in the accounts of any postmaster, who after the adjustment of his accounts fails to make good such deficiency, it sliall be the duty of the {Siiih) .Vuditor of the Treasury [for the Post Office] Department to notify the Postmaster-Gen- eral of such failure, and upon receiving such notice the Postmaster- General shall forthwith deposit a notice in the post-office at Washington, District of Columbia, addressed to the sureties re.sjjectively upon the bond of said postmaster, at the office where he or tliey may reside, if known; but a failure to give or mail such notice shall not discharge such surety or sureties upon such bond. (E. S., § 3835, as amended by act of Feb. 4, 1879, 20 Stat., p. 281.) Sec. 107. Commissions not issued to Postinasters before Approval of Bonds. — Uitoii the appointment of a postmaster, he is furnished \vith a h'tter of appointment, tlie blank form of the oath required, and a blank bond. The person designated for appointment will execute the bond as directed, take the prescribed oath of otiice, and transmit the bond antl oath to the First Assistant Postmaster-General. A commission ■will be issued when the bond shall be aiiproved by the Postmaster-General, uj>on the receipt of which, and not before, the new appointee is authorized to take charge of the post-office. The bond must be signed, in the presence of suitable witnesses, by him- self and at least two sureties, the sufficiency of each of whom, for the payment of the sum inserted therein, must be shown by the certificate of the magistrate who admin- ister.-^ the oath, Avhose signatures to the same must be attested by the clerk of a coirrt of record in the county ov State where the magistrate resides. Sec. 108. "Who may be appointed Postmaster. — Xo person can be appointed postmaster who cannot legally execute a bond and take the prescribed oath of office. Minors are, by law, incapable of holding the office of postmaster ; but the law provides that married women may be appointed postmasters, and bonds executed by them, as such officers, are declared to be valid. See section 105. Sec. 109. "When new Bond is Required. — In case of the death, removal from the State, insolvency, or any other disability of one or both of the sureties, the postmaster must report the fact to the Depaitmeut, in order that a new bond may be executed. Sec. 110. Limit of time of Sureties' Liability. — TMieuever the office of any postmaster becomes vacant, the Postmaster-General or the President .shall supply such vacancy without delay, and the Postmaster-General shall promptly notify the (Sixth) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post- Office Department] of the change ; and every postmaster and his sureties shall be responsible under their bond for the safe-keeping of the i)ublic property of the post-office, and the due performance of the duties thereof, until the expiration of the commission, or until a successor has been didy ai»pointed and qualified, and has taken possession of the office j except 58 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. tliat in cases where there is a delay of sixty days in supplying" a vacancy, the sureties may terminate tlieir respousibility by giving notice, iu Avrit- ing, to the Postmaster-Greneral, such termination to take effect ten days after sufficient time shall have elapsed to receive a reply from the Post- master-General ; and the Postmaster-General may, when the exigencies of the service require, place such office in charge of a special agent until the vacancy can be regularly filled ; and when such special agent shall have taken charge of such post-office, the liability of the sureties of the postmaster shall cease. (R. S., § 383G.) Sec. 111. Responsibility of sureties after Postmaster's death. — Whether the aiipoiutmeiit be from the Presicleut or the Postmaster-General, in the event of death, the respousibility of the sureties will coutiuue for the tidelity of the persou left in charge of the post-office, until a successor is appointed and qualified, and has taken possession of the j)ost-office: and thej- or any oue of them may perform the duties of postmaster until a successor is appoiuted and takes possession. The person i^erforming such duties must, befoi-e entering on the discharge thereof, take the required oath. Sec. 112. Renewal of Bond. — Whenever any of the sureties of a post- master notify the Postmaster-General of their desire to be released froiu their suretyship, or when the Postmaster- General deems a new bond necessary, he shall require the postmaster to execute such new bond with security. When accepted by the Postmaster-General, the new bond shall be as valid as the bond given upon the original appointment of such postmaster, aud the sureties in the j)rior bond shall be released from re^^ponsibility for all acts or defaults of the postmaster which may be done or committed subsequent to the last day of the quarter in which such new bond shall be executed and accepted. (R. S., § 3837.) For the security of the sureties bound in the previous obligation, the date of the acceptance should be Indorsed on the bond ; yet the sureties to the new bond are bound by the acceptance in fact of their bond by the Postmaster-General, and this acceptance may be shown as any other fact is required to be. (4 Opin., 187 ; vide Bank of U. S. vs. Dandridge, 12AVheat., 64.) Sec. 113. Application of Sureties for Release, to Whom made. — The office of the First Assistaut Postmaster-General being charged with the duty of examining and recording the bonds of postmasters, all applications of sureties to be released from their lia1>ility as sureties should be addressed to the First Assistant Postmaster-General. Sec. 114. Changing Name of post-office Necessitates new Bond. — AVhenthe Postmaster-General shall change the name of a post-office without a change of post- master, the postmaster will be required to execute a new bond, and will be recommis- sioned. The order changing the name will take elTect on the first day of the quarter next succeeding the date of such new bond; but if a change is made both in the post- master and the name of the post-office, the name designated by the Postmaster-General will be used from the date upon which the new postmaster enters upon the discharge of his duties. Sec. 115. Sureties on Bonds, how Released. — If on the settlement of the account of any postmaster it shall appear that he is indebted to the United States, and suit therefor shall not be instituted within three years after the close of sui-h account, the sureties on his bond shall not be liable for such iudebteduess. (K. S., § 3838.) TITLE II ro.ST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 59 OHAPTEl^ TWO. SALARIES OF POSTMASTERS AND EXPENDITURES AT POST-OFFICES. 111). S.ilarirs of i>ostm;i»tei'« at I'rcsiilriiliiil imst- i.lH.-c's. 117. S;il;iiir.'< of f«iiir(li-clas8 ixistiiia.stcis. 1 18. Pcn-iltii's for false rctiiin.s. Unlawful salrs of .stamps. ll!». Iticniiial rfatl,jti.stiiu'iit of salaries. r_'0. OnliTs aft'i'i'tiii-i .salafics to Uv ifpoitt'tl to Auditor. iL'l. AUinvanci' foiileiUsat sfiiaiatinn post-ortieo.s. \'2'2. Limit of .snlarios. 1"J3. Application for i'ea(l,iu.stmcnt of salaries. li'4. Allowauci-sfonk'iks anil iuiidcutal cxiienst'S. ]2'>. Allciwiucos for extraoriliuarv business. IL'G. Allowano-s to he tixfil bv order. Sec. l-JT. V'H. 129. 130. 131. I.'i2. 133. 134. 13.j. .Vllowanres cannot exceed snn)lus re venues. Ueceipts rciiuired foi' ])ay of clerks emidoyed. Extra allowances to first and second cla.>*s post-otfice.s. Al)))ointMieut of clerks in jiost-ollices. Roster of clerks, flieir duties and .salaries. Salaries and ex])enses inay be deducted from rocciiits. Voucliers for deductions to lie sent to tlie Auditor. Ko postmaster to retain mcire than iiis sala- ries, etc. Compensation of iinstmastcrs jjro tetiipure. Sec. 116. Salaries of Postmasters at Presidential Post-Offices. — TLe resi)oct- ive compensation of postmasters of tbe first, second, and third classes shall bcanimal salaries, assiyiied ineven hundreds of dollars, and ])ayable ill ([uarterly i)ayinents, to l)e ascertained and tixcd by the rostiiia.ster- General from their respective quarterly returns to the Auditor fof the TreasiiryJ for the Post-OfRce Department, or co]nes or duplicates tlicreot, for four (luarters immediately preceding- tlie adjustment or readjustment, l)y adding- to an amount of the box-rents of the office received or esti- mated not exceeding- thirteen hundred and fifty dollars when the boxes are supplied and owned by the ])ostiiiaster, and two-thirds of the box- rents, and not to exceed one thousand dollars, when the boxes are not supplied and owned by the postmaster, commis.sions on ail the other postal revenues of the office to an amount not exceeding thirteen hun- dred and fifty dollars, at the following rates, namely: On the first one liundred dollars per quarter, sixty per centum; on all over one hundred dollars and not over three hundred dollars per cpiarter, fifty per centum ; on all over tliree hundred dollars and not over seven liundred dollars ]ier (juarter, forty ]>er centum ; and thirty per centum on all revenues ex- ceeding- .seven hundred dollars per quarter, but the aggregate of the said commis.sions not to exceed thirteen hundred and fifty dollars; and at all otfiees where the total revenues exceed, respectively, four thousand dollars jier annum, there shall be added to the compeii.sation heieiiibc- fore i)i-o\ided from box-rents and commissions a percentage of the gross revenues at the following rates, namely : One jier centum on all sums over four thousand dollars and not exceeding- ten thousand dollars : nine- tenths of one per centum on all sums over ten thousand dollars and not exceeding twenty thousand dollars; eight-tenths of one i>er centum on all sums over twenty tliou.saiid dollars and not exceeding forty thon.sand dollars; six-tenths of one per centum on all sums over fiu-ty thousand dollars and not exceedhig- eighty thousand dollars; five-tenths of one 60 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. per eeiitnm on all sums over eighty thousand dollars and not exceeding- one hundred and sixty thousand dollars ; four-tenths of one per centum on all sums over one hundred and sixty thousand dollars and not exceeding- three hundred and twenty thousand dollars ; three-tenths of one per centum on all sums over tliree hundred and twenty thousand dollars and not exceeding- six hundred and forty thousand dollars ; two-tenths of one per centum on all sums over six hundred and forty thousand --!74. Sec. 118. Penalties for False Returns, Unlawful Sales of Stamps, etc. — In any case wlicri* the Postnuistt'i-dcncral shall be satislied that a jtost- niaster has made a false return of business, it shall be within his dis- cretion to withhold comniissions ou such returns, and to allow any compensation that under the ciicumstances he may deem reasonabh*: ProrifJal, That the form of aitidavit to be made by ])ostmasters ui)on their returns shall be such as may be prescribed by the Postnia.ster- (reneral ; and any ])ostinaster who sliall make a false return to the Audi- tor, for the i)uri)ose of fraudulently incieasiiii;- his compensation under the jyroAisions of this or any other act, shall be deemed guilty of a mi.s- demeanor, and, on conviction thei-eof, shall be fined in a sum not less than fifty nor nu)re than tive hundred dolhu's, es, or postal cards otherwise than as provided by laAV and the regulations of tlie Post-Ottice De]>artnient ; and any postmaster, or other i»erson connected with the postal service, who shall violate any of these pro- visions shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, sludl be lined in any sum not less than tifty nor more than tive hundred dollars, or be imprisoned for a term not exceeding one year. (Act June 17, 1878, 20 Stat., 142.) Sec. 119. Biennial Readjustment of Salaries. — The salaries of i)ostmasters of the first, second, and third classes shall be readjusted by the l\)st- master-Cieneral once in two years, and in special cases, on the applica- tion of the postmaster, as much oftener as the Postmaster-General may deem expedient. (Act July 12, 1870, § 9, V.) Stat., p. 82.) Sec. 120. Orders affecting Salaries to be Reported to the Auditor. — The Po.stmaster-(leneral shall make all orders assigning or changing the salaries of iiostmasters in writing, and record them in his joiu-nal, and notify the change to tlu' Auditor; and any change made in such salaries shall not take effect until the tirst day of the (puirter next following sucli order : Provided^ That in cases of not less than fifty per centum increase or decrease in the luisiness of any post-ofiice, the Postmaster-General may adjust the salary of the postmaster at such ottice to take effect from 62 POSTAL LAWS AND REGl'LATIONS. thelirst dayof tbe quarter or period the returns IbrAvliieb foriii the basis of readjustnieiit.* (Act July 12, 1S7G, § 10, 10 Stat., p. 82.) Sec. 121. Allowance for Clerks at Separating Post-Offices. — The Post- inaster-Cleueral may designate offices at the intersection of mail routes as distributing or separating offices ; and where any such office is of the third or fourth class, he nmy make a reasonalde allowance to the post- master for the necessary cost of clerical services arising from such duties. (Act of July 12, 1876, § 11, 19 Stat., p. 82.) Sec. 123. Limit of Salaries. — Xo salary of any postmaster (»»r76'>-f/e nuide in excess of such surplus revenue. *The language of this section to the proviso is the same as the first sentence of sec- tion 38.56 of the Revised Statutes. The remainder of that section reads as follows: "]5ut incases of an extraordinary increase or decrease in the business of any jiost- office, the Postuuister-(ieneral may adjust the salary of the postmaster at such jiost- ottice, to take el'tect from the lirst day of the (juarter or period the returns for whicli form the basis of readjustment.'' TITLE II rOST-OFFICES AND TOSTMASTKUS. G3 Sec. 128. Keceipts Required for Pay of Clerks employed. — Ai)[»li(';iti()ii for allnwiincc! lor cltTk-liin; at sriciratiii;^ post-olHinis must he, niaih; to tlu' First A.s.sist- ant PoHtiiiastcr-Gonnral. Such allowance tnust not be uiulor.stool as an increase of the salary of tlu^ postmaster, but as a C(»mpeusatiou for clerical services arisiuj; from the duties of rtopanitinj^ the mails for other post-otlice.s. Tiu^ amount of sncli clerk-hiro will not be allowed by the Auditor unless the receipt of the persr)n employed as such clerk shall accompany the (juartcrly account-current. Sec. 129. Extra Allowances to first and second class Post-Offices. — lieiit, li8t-ofHce, with a list of all the clerks and other persons employed, showing their respective compensa- tions and the duties performed by each. The approval by the First Assistant Post- master-General of this roster will bo necessary before any allowance for clerk-hire will be made fm- the ensuing fiscal year. After the roster of clerks and other persons em- ployed has once been approved at the Department the number or compensation of those employed must not be changed without authority from the Department, and l»ostm.asters must report all removals and new appointments as soon as made to the First Assistant Postmaster-General. The rosters must be submitted annually, on the first day of Jannary. Sec. 132. Salaries and Expenses may be Deducted from Receipts. — The sal- ary of a postmaster, and such other expenses of the postal service author- ized by law as may be incurred by him, and for which ai)propriations have been made, may be deducted out of the receipts of his office, under the direction of the Postmaster-General. (R. S., § .3801.) Sec. 133. Vouchers for Deductions to be sent to the Auditor. — Vouchers for all deductions made hy a postmaster out of the receipts of his office, on account of the expenses of the postal service, shall be submitted for ex- amination and settlement to the {Sijcth) Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department], and no such reduction shall be valid unless found to be in conformity with law. (R. S., § 3862.) Sec. 134. No Postmaster to Retain more than his Salary, etc. — Xo i)OSt- master shall, under any pretense whatever, have, receive, or retain for himself, in the aggregate, more than the amount of his salary and his commission on the money-order business as hereinafter provided. (R. S. , § 3857.) See section 0G8. Sec. 135. Compensation of Postmasters pro tern. — Any person performing the duties of postmaster, by authority of the President, at any post-office where there is Ji vacancy for any cause, shall receive for the term for which the duty is performed the same compensation to which he would have been entitled if regularly appointed and confirmed as such post- master ; and all services heretofore rendered in like cases shall be i)aid for under this provision. (Act of March 3, 1870, § 31, 20 Stat., p. 302.) 64 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. CHAPTER THREE. POSTAGE-STAMPS, STAMPED ENVELOPES, AND POSTAL CARDS. Sec. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140, 141. 142. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 1.53. 154. 1.55. 156. 158. 159. Postage-stamps for prepayment of postage. Postage-stamps, denominations of. Stamped-euvelopes to he provided. Stamped-envelopes, of how many liinds. Postal-cards to be provided. Postal-cards for use in Postal Union corre- spondence. Exclusive issue of postal-cards by the De- paitment. Letter-sheets, envelopes, double-postal-cards, etc. Improvements in stamps and envelopes. Sale of stamps at post-offlces. Postmasteis to keep a supply of stamps. Eequisitions for stamp.s, etc. ; how to be made. Eequisitions, -when to be made. Kequisitions for special-rcqnest-envelopes. Postmasters not supplied with stamps until commissioned. Postmasters to count supplies when received. Damaged supplies, how to be treated. Mistakes in printing special-request-envel- opes. Postmaster to charge himself with stamps, etc. Ko quarterly returns, no stamps. Postage-due-stamps ; newspaper and periodi- cal-stamps. Moneys received for sale of .stamps, how jiaid over. Postage-due-stamps, how used, etc. Newspaper and periodical stamps, how used. Sec. 160. "When supplies exhausted, how to proceed. 161. Postmasters to report postage collected from publishei-s. 162. Monthly report of supplies by postmasters at presidential „fflces. 163. Postmaster to turn over supplies to succes- sor. 164. Discontinued post-office ; disposition of .sup. plies. 165. No percentage to postmasters for sale of stamps, etc. 166. Hates governing sale of stamps, etc. 167. Affidavit claiming credit for stamps de- stroyed. 168. No credit allowed where post-office is robbed of stamps. 169. Exchange of postage-stamps prohibited. 170. Postage on spoiled stamped envelopes, when refunded, etc. 171. Postal cards, when spoiled, to be redeemed. 172. Stamps, etc., redeemed, to be sent to Depart- ment with letter. 173. Postmasters held to strict accountability for stamps. 174. Stamped envelopes, etc., to be .sold at cost. 175. Postage-stamps sold at discount to designated agents. S^p" For provisions respecting cancellation of stamps, see Chapter nine, Title II. i^^ For provisions respecting misuse of stamps, see Title IX. Sec. 136. Postage-stamps for Prepayment of Postage. — The Postmaster- Geiieral shall prepare postage- stami)s of suitable denominations, which, when attached to mail-matter, shall be evidence of the payment of the postage thereon. (E. S., § 3914.) Sec. 137. Postage-stamps, Denominations of — Of postage-stamps, three kiuds, eacli consisting of various denominations, are provided, viz: Ordinary stamps, wliicli arc used to prepay postage on ordinary mail-matter of the first, third, and fourth classes; postage-dnc stamps, wlucli are used for the collection of unpaid post- nge ; and newspaper and i)erio(lical stamps, which are used to pay jio.stage on second- class matter. Sec. 138. Stamped-envelopes to be Provided. — The Postmaster-General shall provide suitable letter and newspaper envelopes, with such water- marks or other guards against counterfeits as lie may deem expedient, and with ])ostagc-stamps with sucli device and of such suitable denomi- nations as he may direct impressed thereon; and such envelopes shall be known as "stamped envelopes," and shall be sold, as nearly as may be, at the cost of procuring them, with the addition of the value of the postage-stamps impressed thereon ; but no stamped envelope furnished TITLE II rOST-OFFICES AND TOSTM ASTERS. 65 by tbc Government shall contain any litlio;4iai»liing or en;,'raving, nor any printin.u' excei)t a printed request to return the letter to the writer. Letters and papers inclosed in such stamped envelop«'s shall, if the l)0sta^e-stamp is of a denomination suHicient to cover the ijostage properly charj^^eable thereon, pass in the mail as i)repaid matter. [Th^ Postmaster-Creneral shall cause to be prepared a special stamp or stamped envelope, to be used only for otticial mail-matter, for each of the Executive Departments; aiul said stamps and stamped envelopes shall be supplied by the projier officer of said Departments to all per- sons under its direction requiring the same for official use; and all ap])ropriations for postage made prior to March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, shall no longer be available for said purpose ; and all stanq^s and stamped envelopes shall be sold or furnished to said several Departnu'nts or clerks onlj' at the price for Avhich stamps and stauq)ed envelopes of like value are sold at the several post-offices.] (K. S., § 3915.) See sections 24:9-2r)l. Sec. 139. Stamped-envelopes, of how many Kinds. — Of stamiied-envelopes, two kinils, oacli consisting of various sizes, qualities, anut to become exhausted. Sec. 149. Requisitions for Special-Request Envelopes. — Ro(]nisitions for special-recpiest enveloi)es must be made by ])ostmasters immediately u]ion receiving orders from parties wauting them, at whatever time in the quarter it may be, and if TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. G7 possible shonUl always ho accompauiod hy a printed card showing the matter disireil to be printed. No order is to be taken on eredit, except at the postrausti-r's own risk, and in no case for less than five hundred of any specified deuouiiuation to bear the same piintin^j. Sec. 150. Postmasters not Supplied with Stamps until Commissioned. — No postmaster will be supplied with srumjts, stamjied-euvtMopes, and jxistal-cards until liis bond and oath of ottiee shall have ))eeu placed on file, and his commission duly issued. Sec. 151. Postmasters to Count Supplies when Received. — Upon receiving .supplies of postage-stamps, stamped-euvclopes, newspaper-wrappers, or jiostal-cards, postmasters are recpiired to open ami count them in the presence of a disinterested wit- ness, to date and sign the receipt, and transmit the same to the Third Assistant Post- master-General. In case of any deficiency, the attidavit of the jiostmaster and that of the witness, stating the amount of such deficiency, with all the facts in the case, will be necessary in order to obtain credit theiefor; and in every such case the wrapper, label, and box, or wooden case in which the supplies were sent, should also be re- turned and a record kept of the number, date, address, and all other marks on the same. Receipts nntst be signed in the same manner as requisitions. Sec. 152. Damaged Supplies, how to he Treated. — If any portion of a par- cel be damaged, the i)0st master will sign the receipt fur the whole amount of the l)arcel, and having written across the face of the receipt the number and amount of stamps, envelopes, wrappers, or cards unfit for use, he will return the same, together with the receipt, to the Third Assistant Postmaster-General, who will give credit for the amount returned. But if the damage be total, the entire number should be re- turned, with the receipt not signed, in order that others may be sent in their place. The package must be registered, and the postmaster must also be able to prove the act of mailing by a disinterested witness. Postmasters fiailing to register such pack- ages will not receive credit for the amount alleged to have been returned, in case the same fails to reach the Department. Sec. 153. Mistakes in Printing Special-Request Envelopes. — Special-re- quest envelopes, which may be refused by the parties ordering them, on account of misprinting or other mistake, .should be returned registered to the Third Assistant Postmaster-Geiieral. If the mistake has occurred through the fault of the Depart- ment, credit for the full value of the envelopes will be given in the po.stmaster"s ac- count, and the requisition will be refilled; if otherwise, credit for the postage value only of the envelopes will be given, and the postmaster should forward a new and con-ect requisition. In no case should a postmaster endeavor to dispose of special- recpiest envelopes to any other party than the one for whose use they were ordered. Sec. 154. Postmaster to Charge himself with Stamps, etc. — Every po.st- master will, at the eud of each quarter, charge himself in his quarterly account-cur- rent with the amount of such stamps, stamped-envelopes, newspaper-%vrappers. and l)Ostal-cards as remained on hand at the close of the preceding quarter, or (if he has entered into office during the quarter) with the amount of such articles received from his predecessor, adding thereto the amounts received from the Department dur- ing the quarter just ended, and deducting the amount then remaining on hand, together with the amount of damaged stamps, enveloi)es, or cai"ds returned for credit. The balance of the account thus stated will represent the amount sold, which must be added on the debit side of the quarterly account-current to the amounts due from other sources. Sec. 155. No quarterly Returns, no Stamps. — Po.stmaster.s who have failed to duly render their (quarterly returns to the Auditor will not be sui)i)lied with post- age-stamps, stamped-envelojies, newspaper-wrappers, or postal-cards until the delin- quency has been con-ected. Sec. 156. Postage-due-stamps; newspaper and periodical -stamps. — The 68 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. postage-diie-stamps, the newspaper and periodical-stamps, and the special-reqnest en- velopes, will all be accounted for in the same manner and together with the ordinary stamps, stamped-envelopes, newspaper- wrappers, and postal-cards. Sec. 157. Moneys received for sale of Stamps, how Paid over. — Postmasters receiving postage-stamps, stamped-envelopes, newspaper- wrappers, and postal-cards from the Department for sale, will pay over the money by them received for snch as may be sold, together with other moneys that may be due the Department at the times and in the manner required by their special instructions. Inclosing money to the De- partment to pay for stamps, stamped-envelopes, newspaper-wrappers, and postal-cards is prohibited. Sec. 158. Postage-due-stamps, how used, etc. — Postage-dne-stamps are to be us(m1 for matter of the first, third, and fourth classes which has passed through the mails and arrived at destination with the postage partly or wholly unpaid. The gen- eral manner of using these stamps, and the course to be pursued by postmasters, at post-offices of free delivery only, for obtaining credit for such as may be attached to matter of which no delivery can be made, is fully explained in sections 270-274. Sec. 159. Newspaper and Periodical-stamps, how used. — Newspaper and periodical-stamps are to be used only for the payment of postage on newspaper and periodical pviblications, mailed from a known office of publication or news agency to regular sulxscribers or news agents, known as second-class matter. All matter of this kind intended to be mailed must be brought to the post-office of mailing, Avhere it will be weighed in bulk, and the postage prepaid, according to the weight of the mat- ter to be mailed, l)y the newspaper and periodical stamps. Ordinary postage-stamps cannot be used for such matter, nor can the newsijaper and iieriodical stamps be iised for any other purpose. After weighing the mail matter thus received, and immedi- ately collecting the proper amount of postage thereon, the postmaster will give a re- ceipt to the party mailing from a book of forms to be furnished by the Department. The stamps will then be affixed to the stub of the receipt, and at once effectually can- celed. Stamps so used must be accounted for as sold. The stub-books are to be kept permanently in the post-office, ready to be produced whenever demanded by the De- partment. The stamps attached thereto must never be removed, nor the books dis- posed of otherwise than as directed by the Department. Postmastei's should never neglect to attach to the stub-book the necessary amount to cover all iJostage collected ou newspaper and periodical matter. Failure to attach stamps to the stub-book will subject the oftending postmaster to the penalty provided by law for embezzlement. Sec. 160. When supply Exhausted how to Proceed. — Should the supply of newspaper and jjeriodical stamps at any time become exhausted, the postage on newspaper and periodical matter should be collected in money, and the necessary stamps afterwards attached when they are obtained from the Department. This course should also be iiursued in the case of postmasters at whose post-offices such uuitter is mailed for the first time. In either case, however, no delay should be made in ordering a full sup]>ly of stamps. Sec. 161. Postmasters to report Postage collected from Publishers, etc. — Postmasters will be required to render promptly to the Third Assistant Postmaster- Gener.al, at the close of each quarter, on lilanks furnished for the purpose, a statement of postage collected from each publisher and news-agent during the whole quarter. In rendering his first statement a new postnuister will state, separately, the amount collected by himself and that collected by his predecessor in the same quarter, giving the exiict date, also, when the change of postmasters took effect. Sec. 162. Monthly reports by Postmasters at Presidential Post-Offices. — Postmasters at x)ost-(>ffices of the first, second, and third classes are reiiuired to make monthly reports to the Third Assistant Postnuister-General of the auumnts of postage* stam])s, stamped-t^nvelopes, newsx)ai)er-wra)tp('rs, and postal-cards received from the Department, the amount sold, and that remaiuing on hand at the close of the mouth. TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 69 Blanks for this lunposo will Ijc supplied by the First Assistant Postmaster-Geueral, Blank A;x<""<>'. Sec. 163. Postmaster to turn over Supplies to Successor. — Upon surrender- ing a i)ost-()llieo to his siicit'ssor, tin; late postnnister, or his rt'prcscntative, will turn over to such successor all the stamps, stamped envelopes, newspaper-wrai»i)ers, jiostal- eanls, then on hand, take duplicate receipts for the same, and transmit the ori;(inaI forthwith to the Auditor, that the account of the late postmaster may be credited ac- cordiujfly. These stamps, envelopes, wrappers, and cards must not be sent to the Department, but should be retained for sale by the postmaster, who will charjie him- self with the amount in the quarterly account-current. In such receipt will also be included all postajicc-due stamps that may, at free delivery post-offices only, be at- tached to matter not delivered to the parties to whom the matter belongs. Sec. 164. Discontinued post-ofl5ce, Disposition of Supplies. — If a post-office lie (liseoutiuued, the postuiastev will deliver all stamiis, staniped-envelopes, news l>aper-wrappers, and postal-cards to the postmaster to whom he is directed to deliver the other post-office property, and will take duplicate receipts, one of which he will transmit to the Auditor as above. Sec. 165. No percentage to Postmasters for Sale of Stamps, etc. — The law allows uo compensation to postmasters for the sale of postage-stamps, stamped-eu- velopes, newspaper-wrappers, or postal-cards. Sec. 166. Rules governing Sale of Stamps, etc. — Stamps, envelopes, ^Tap- pers, and cards are to be sold only for cash at the prices stated in the receipt which is sent with them to each post-office. In making sales of envelopes and wrappers post- masters are expected to evince a due spirit of accommodation, but they are not re- quired to lose the fraction of a cent iu selling small quantities ; and if a postmaster cannot readily make change, the purchaser must tender the exact amount for the number wanted. Sec. 167. Affidavit claiming Credit for Stamps Destroyed. — ^Vlieuever a postmaster claims credit for postage-stamps, stamped- envelopes, newspaper- wrappers, or postal-cards alleged to have been lost iu the mails, burnt or otherwise destroyed, his own affidavit, stating the circumstauces and amount of loss, together with all the other proof which in the particular case he can produce, is required to be forwai'ded to the Third Assistant Postmaster-Geueral. Ui)on the receiiit of such affidavit and additional testimony, which should be sent with the least possible delay, the claim will be duly considered. Sec. 168. No credit allowed where Post-office is Robbed of Stamps. — Credit will not be allowed in cases where post-offices have been robbed of stamps or stamped- envelopes, newsjiaper-wrappers, or postal-cards. In an ojiiniou of a former Attorney- General the following occurs : "If the stamps should be stolen or lost, and get into the hands of those who may use them, and thus deprive the government of so much revenue, the postmaster should be held for them. One who has the custody of public uidney or property, and is paid for taking care of it, cannot get rid of his resi>onsi- bility by showing a theft or accidental loss. He is an insurer of its safety against al perils of that kind." Sec. 169. Exchange of Postage-stamps Prohibited. — The exchange of post- age-stamps or stamped-envelopes for those of other denominations to accommodate private parties is prohibited. Postmasters will not be permitted to return to the De- partment unserviceable stamps or stamped-euvelopes that may be acquiied in this way. Sec. 170. Postage on Spoiled Stamped-envelopes, etc., when Refunded. — The amount of the postage only on stamped envelopes and newspaper-wrappers spoiled in directing may be refunded iu stamps or stamiJed envelopes by a postmaster if satis- fied that they have never been used, and that the misdirection occurred at the place 70 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. ■where tlie rcflemptiou is claimed ; also, i>rovitlcd that such envelopes and wraiijpers shall be jireseuted iu a whole condition. In no case is an envelope or wrapper to he redeemed at the post-office to which it is directed, except iu the case of envelopes for drop-letters, which are to be redeemed upon the foregoiug conditions. Sec. 171. Postal-cards when Spoiled to be Redeemed. — Postmasters may also redeem in stamps or stamped envelopes such postal-cards as have been spoiled iu lirintiug or by other causes, and have never been used, at the rate of four cents iu stamps or stamped-euvelopes for every five cards in whatever quantities presented. Sec. 172. Stamps, etc., redeemed to be sent to Department with letter. — Stamped-euvelopes, newspaper- wrappers, and postal-cards redeemed under the two foregoing sections must be sent with a special letter to the Third Assistant Postmas- ter-General, stating the number and amount. The package must be registered, and the postmaster must be able to prove the act of mailing by a disinterested witness. Postmasters failing to register such packages will not receive credit for the amount alleged to have been returned, iu case the same fails to reach the Department. A postmaster need not return sjioiled envelopes or wrappers to the Department oftener than once in each quarter. Sec. 173. Postmasters held to strict Accountability for Stamps, etc. — Post- masters Avill be held to a strict accountability for all iiackages of i)ostage-stamps, .stamped-euvelopes, newspaper-wrappers, and postal-cards passing through their hands : and the value of any package that may be lost or stolen while in transit will be charged to the postmaster through whose fault the loss or robbery occurred. Con- cerning the treatment of registered packages of i)ostage-stami)8, stamped envelopes, and j)ostal cards arriving at or in transit to post-offices reference is made to Title V, Till' mgl^fri/ System of the United States. Sec. 174. Stamped envelopes, etc., to be sold at cost. — Xo stami)ed envel- opes or newspaper- wrappers shall be sold by the Post-Office Department at less (ill addition to the legal postage) tlian the cost, including all salaries, clerk hire, and other expenses connected there Avith.* (Act of July 12, 1876, § 14, 19 Stat., p. b2.) Sec. 175. Postage-stamps sold at Discount to designated Agents. — Postage- stamjis and stamped envelopes may be sold at discount to certain desig- nated agents, who will agree to sell again without discount, under rules to be prescribed by the Postmaster- General ; but the quantities of each sold to any one agent at one time shall not exceed one hundred dollars in value, and the discount shall not exceed tive per centum on the face value of the stamps, nor the same per centum on the current inice of the envelopes when sold in less quantities. (R. S., § 3919.) * Section 3920 R. S., not specifically repealed by section 174, is as follows: • Postage-stamps shall not be sold for any larger sum than the value indicated ou tlieir face, nor stauqicd envelopes for more th.an is charged therefor by the Post-Office Department for like quantities. Any person connected with the postal service who .sluUl violate this provision shall be punishable by a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than five hundred. TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 71 CHAPTER FOUR. CLASSIFICATION OF DOMESTIC MAIL-MATTER AND RATES OF POSTAGE THEREON. Soo. 17(5. Mnil-niiittey divided into four classes. 177. First-tlas.s luiittei- detiiifd. 178. Po.stage on ftrst-class matter. 179. SoMiiTs', sailors', aud mariues' unpaid letters forward I'd. 180. Prepayinciit required on officers' letters. 181. Posta-ic on delivered postal cards rei)osted. 182. Otlier tlian firstela.ss matter must be opeu to examination. 183. Sealed packages, etc., to pay letter-rates. 184. Second-cla.ss matter defined. 185. Essential characteristics of second-class mat- ter. 186. A known ofHce of publication defined. 187. Advertising-sheets defined. 188. Decision upon doubtful publications. 189. Postmaster's record of second-class publica- tions. 190. Postage on .second-class matter. 191. "Weighing of second-class matter. 192. ^Manner of prepaying second-class matter. 193. Kegular subscribers defined. 194. Evidence of subscription -list may be required. 195. Sample copies at second-class rates. 196. Admission of new publications to second-class rates. 197. Penalty for submitting false evidence as to a publication. 198. Postmasters to report the submission of false evidence. 199. Entry of second-class publications. 200. News-agents applying for second-class rates. 201. Evidence required of news-agents. 202. News-agents defined. 203. Samjjle copies defined. 204. Extra iiuiubers not sample copies. 205. Sample cojdes to be mailed .separately. 206. Supplements admitted as second-class matter. 207. Definition of supplements. 208. Handbill.s and posters not supplements. 209. E.Kamiuation of second-class matter. 210. Prohibited advertisements in second-class matter. 211. Detention of suspected second-class matter. 212. Foreign publications admitted as second-class matter. 213. Examination of foreign publication.s. 214. Infringement of copyright by foreign publica- tion. 215. Third-class matter and postage thereon. 216. Proof-sheets defined. 217. Circulars defined. 218. Postage on circulars mailed in bulk for post- masters to distribute. vSec. 219. Printed matter defined. 220. Manifolding and type- writing not printing. 221. Fonrtli-class matter defined. 222. Unmailable matter. 223. Precautions against injury to the mails. 224. Postmasters responsible for admission of im- l)roper matter. 225. Obscene matter prohibited in the mails. 226. Lottery-circulars iirohibited in tlie niail.s. 227. Lottery advertisements in second-class mat- ter. 228. Postmasters responsible for admission of ob scene matter in the mails. 229. Postage on fourth-class matter. 230. Treatment of unmailable matter reaching its destination. 231. Permissible additions to other than first-class matter. 232. Personal correspondence negatively defined. 233. Letter-postage and i)enalty for prohibited writing or printing. 234. Form of bills accompanying second-class mat- ter. 235. Newspapers to be wrapped and sufficiently dried. 236. Manner of presenting second-class m.atter for mailing. 237. Manner of presenting third-class matter for mailing. 238. "What a jiackago of third-class matter may contain. 239. Free county publications. 240. Postage on second-class matter at free-deliv- ery offices. 241. Second-class matter at free-delivery offices, how separated. 242. Free county publications must be mailed by themselves. 243. Publications with offices in two counties free in neitlier. 244. Sample copies of free county imblications sub- ject to postage. 245. Congressional documents free of postage. 246. Congressional Record and extracts therefrom free. 247. Steeds and Eeports from Agricultural Depart- ment free. 248. Reraailing of Congressional documents after cue delivery. 249. Letters, etc.. on government business free. 2.">0. Penalty-envelopes for otficial matter. 251. Extension of two preceding sections. {^"For classification of matter addressed to for eign countries, see Title VII. 72 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 176. Mail-matter Divided into four Classes. — Mail-matter sliall be divided into four classes : First. Written matter. Second. Periodical publications. Third. Miscellaneous printed matter. Fourth. Merchandise. (Act March 3, 1879, § 7, 20 Stat., p. 353.) Sec. 177. First-class Matter. — Mailable matter of the first class shall embrace letters, postal cards, and all matter wholly or partially in writ- ing, except as hereinafter provided. (Act March 3, 1871), § 8, 20 Stat., p. 358.) See sections 231 and 232. Sec. 178. Postage on first-class Matter. — On mailable matter of the first class, except postal cards and drop-letters, postage shall be prepaid at the rate of three cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof; postal cards shall be transmitted through the mails at a postage charge of one cent each, including the cost of manufacture ; and drop-letters shall be mailed at the rate of two cents per half ounce or fraction thereof, includ- ing delivery at letter-carrier offices, and one cent for each half ounce or fraction thereof where free delivery by carrier is not established. The Postmaster-General may, however, provide, by regulation, for transmit- ting unpaid and duly certified letters of soldiers, sailors, and marines in the service of the United States to their destination, to be paid on de- livery. (Act March 3, 1879, § 9, 20 Stat, p. 358.) Sec. 179. Soldiers', sailors', and marines' unpaid Letters Forwarded. — Let- ters written by uoii-commissioiied officers aud privates in the military service, or iu the naval service (embracing the Marine Corps), on which the postage is not prepaid, must be plainly marked on the outside, over the address, "Soldier's letter," " Sailor's let- ter," or "Marine's letter" (as the case may be), and this certificate signed with his official designation by a field or staff officer of the regiment to which the soldier be- longs, or \)y the officer in command of his detachment or of the post, or by a surgeon or chaplain at a hospital. In the Navy or Marine Corjis, the certificate must be signed l)y the officer in command of the vessel, or bj- a chaplain or surgeon on board, or by the officer commanding a detachment of marines on shore. All unpaid letters of soldiers, sailors, or marines, duly certified, must be forwarded to their destination charged with the amounts of postage due at single rates only, to be collected on delivery. Sec. 180. Prepayment required on Ofiicers' Letters. — Letters written by commission(', unless the postmaster shall he satistied from internal evidence fimushed l)y the, pnhli- cation itself that it comes within the proviso of that section. When snch t<'mporary permit shall he granted, the pnhlication shall he eiititled to pass m the mails at the rate of two cents per pound or fraction thereof. Such temporary permit shall he re- voked hy the postmaster in case the pnhlication shall have so changeUsher has submitted to him any false state- ments respecting the character of his publication, either as to its office of publication, or as to its list of subscribers, or as to auy other fact which the postmaster may have deemed it his dut5' to ascertain, in order to determine whether the publication was entitled to admission to the second class, he should report the case, with all the evi- dence in his possession, to the First Assistant Postmaster-General and await his instruc- tions. Sec. 199. Entry of Second-class Publications. — After a publication has been determined to he of the second class, the publisher thereof may, if he desire, formallj' enter the same at the i^ost-office where mailed, and print upon each copy thereof the words "'Entered at the post-office at as second-class matter." Publications so entered, and having printed upon each copy the words of entry, may he exchanged at second-class rates, with other second-class publications, and niaj' be regularly sent at second-class rates, as complimentary, to customers, or business agents of the publicatioui and to other persons solely in the interest of the publication itself or of its publish" ers or employds as such. The formal entry will consist in a written notification of the publisher's desu'e to the postmastei', who will forward a copy of such entry to the First Assistant Postmaster-General. The unauthorized printing by a publisher of the words of entry herein prescribed, or their equivalent, will render him liable to the penalty prescribed in section 197. Postmasters should take pains to call the attention of imb- lishers to this section and in\'ite them to enter their iiublications as herein set forth. Sec. 200. News-agents Appl3ring for Second-class Rates must make and file with the postmaster at their ])()st-olhce of mailing a statement signed by them showing the names of the periodicals which they thus mail, the post-offices, respectively, to which they are directed, and the number of such subscribers to each, with the dates to which their respective subscriptions extend. On all packages of secoud-clags matter mailed hy news-agents to news-dealers the word news-dealer must form part of the address. Sec. 201. Evidence Required of News-agents. — In order to enable news- agents to transmit matter of the second class at pound rates, which is not published 76 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Tvitliin tlie delivery of the j)ost-office of mailing, they must furnish evidence that the periodical so oifered has been inspected and admitted to the second class by the post- master at the post-office of publication. The most satisfactory evidence of such in- spection and approval will be when, in some conspicuous portion of its title page or cover, the periodical bears the printed words of entry prescribed in section 199. Sec. 202. News-agents Defined. — Xo person is a news-agent within the contemplation of the law by virtue of his acting simply as a local or traveling agent for a publication. He must be engaged in business as a news-dealer or liookseller in order to be entitled to send newspapers and periodicals at the pound rates. Sec. 203. Sample Copies Defined. — Sample copies of publications of the second class, which are entitled to transmission through the mails at two cents a pound, are defined to be copies sent to persons not subscribers, fin- the purpose of in- ducing them either to subscribe for or to advertise in the publication, or to agents, or to persons desiring to become agents, or whom the publisher may wish to induce to act as agents, to be used by them in procuring subscriptions and advertising. Any number of copies of any number of diiferent editions of a second-class publication may be sent at any one time as sample copies. The primary design of a publisher in sending out sample cojiies is to increase the subscription-list and advertising patron- age of his publication, and the law permits him to send such copies at the most favored rates, in the expectation that the corrospondeuce resulting therefrom, and the in- creased circulation of the publication to regular subscribers, will augment the postal revenues. See section 195. Sec. 204. Extra Numbers not Sample Copies. — Publishers will not be per- mitted, however, to use the exceptional advantages given to them by the law so as to defraud the Postal Department by mailing as sample copies extra numbers of their publications ordered by advertisers, or by campaign committees, or by other persons, to be sent to specified addresses, and iijyparently intended, from the nature of the con- tents or of marked portions thereof, to serve the business, political, or personal inter- ests of the i)erson or persons ordering the same. Such copies are third-class matter, and must be prepaid by stamps at the rate of one cent for each two ounces or frac- tional part thereof. Sec. 205. Sample Copies to be Mailed Separately. — Sample copies of sec- ond-class publications should be put up in single wrappers, and each package addressed to a i^ersou or firm should be plainly marked, in printing or writing, sample COPY. Sec. 206. Supplements Admitted as Second-class Matter. — Publishers of matter of the second class may, without subjecting it to extra postage, fold within their regular issues a supplement; but in all cases the added matter must be germane to the publication which it supplements, that is to say, matter supplied in order to complete that to which it is added or supplemented, but omitted from the regular issue for want of space, time, or greater convenience, which supplement must in every case be issued with the publication. (Act of March 3, 1S79, § IG, 20 Stat., p. 350.) Sec. 207. Definition of Supplements. — A supplement is held to be matter projier to be inserted in the publication to Avhich it is added, but not inserted for want of space, or want of time, or because it is more convenient regarding space or time, or either, that it should be printed on a separate sheet. It is not indis])ensable or necessary that the sheet should be printed at the otilice of the i>ublication to which it is intended to be a supplement ; but if printed there or elsewhere, to be considered or treated as a suiiplement, it must be printed with the intention and ])urpose only of supplying an integral portion of the i)ublication to which it professes to be a supple- ment, and not for another distinct and separate use. It should have direct relatiou to the i)ubUcation supplemented, so tJiat without it the publication supplemented would be incomplete. TITLE II rOST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 77 Sec. 208. Handbills and Posters not Supplements. — Tlie two ])r('ce(lin<; scctidiis ciiiHiot hi', constnu'd to atlinit " liaiHlbills" oi- " posters " as Hiippk'iiR'nts. Ifaii(U)ills and i)ost(^rs aro snlycct to tlio rate of postaj^c of one cent for each two ounces or fraction thereof; and when sneh matter is inclosed in a newspa]>cr and sent to reguhir subscribers it subjects the package to ])ostago at the higher rate of one cent for each two ounces. Sh()uhl the package reacli the post-olHce of (hdivery with- out any evionnds for each package thereof, except in case of single books weighing in excess of that amount, and for books and documents pnblished or circulated by order of Congress, or official matter emanating from any of the Depart- ments of the Government, or from the Smithsonian Institution, or which is not declared non mailable under the provision of section [225] {thirty- c'ujlit hundred and ninety-three of the Revised Statutes', as amended by the aet of July 12, 1870), or matter appertaining to lotteries, gift concerts, or fraudulent schemes or devices. (Act March 3, 1879, § 20, 20 Stat., p. 300.) Sec. 222. Unmailable Matter. — Liquids, poisons, explosive and inflamma- ble artieh's, fatty substances easily liqneti.able, live or dead animals (nut stutle1, l'O Stat., p. r;(;().) Sec. 230. Treatment of Unmailable Matter Reaching its Destination. — If any matter exchided from the mails [hy the preceding section of thin act], except that d«H'hire(l iion-mailable by section [ti2~}] {thirftf rit/lit htm- flred (Old ninrfi/thrce of the Rrrised Statutes as amended) sliall, by inad- ^•ertence, reach the office of destination, the same shall be delivered in accordance with its address : Prorided^ That the party addressed shall fnrnish the name and address of the sender to the postmaster at the office of delivery, who shall immediately report the facts to the Post- Tuaster-General. If the i^erson addressed refuse to give the required information, the postmaster shall hohl the package subject to the order of the rostmaster-General. All matter declared non-mailable l)y ^qc- Hon 2'2o [thirty-ei(/ht hundred and ninety-three of the Revised Statutes as amended], which shall reach the office of delivery, shall be held by the postmaster at the said office subject to the order of the Postmaster- General. (Act of March 3, 1879, §. 21, 20 Stat., p. 3G0.) See section 475. Sec. 231. Permissible Additions to other than First-class Matter. — ^failable matter of the second class shall contain no writing, print, mark or sign thereon or therein, in addition to the original print, except as herein provided, to wit, the name and address of the person to whom the mat- ter shall be sent, and index figures of subscription book, either written or printed, the printed title of the publication, the printed name and address of the publisher or sender of the same, and written or printed words or figures, or both, indicating the date on which the subscription to such matter will end. Upon matter of the third class, or upon the wrapper inclosing the same, the sender may write his own name or ad- dress thereon, with the word "from" above and preceding the same, and in either case may make simple marks intended to designate a word or passage of the text to which it is desired to call attention. There may be placed upon the cover or blank leaves of any book or of any printed matter of the third class a simple manuscript dedication or in- scription that does not partake of the nature of a personal correspond- ence. Upon any package of matter of the fourth class the sender may A\Tite or print liis own name and address, preceded by the word " from," and there may also be written or printed the number and names of the articles inclosed ; and the sender thereof may write or print upon or at- tach to any such articles by tag or label, a mark, number, name, or let- ter, for purpose of identification. (Act of March 3, 1879, § 22, 20 Stat., p. 300.) Sec. 232. Personal Correspondence Negatively Defined. — The character of personal correspondence referred to in the preceding section cannot be ascribed to tlie following, viz: 1st. To the signatnre of the sender or to the designation of his name, of his profession, of his rank, of the place of origin, and of the date of dispatch. 2d. To a dedication or mark of respect ottered by the sender. 3d. To the figures or signs merely intended to mark the passage of a text, in order to call attention to them. 6 r L 82 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 4th. To the prices added upon the qiiotatious or prices cun-eut of exchange or mar- kets, or in a book. 5th. To all printed commercial papers tilled out iu writing, such as papers of legal procedure, deeds of nil kinds, way bills, or bills of lading, invoices, and the various documebts of insurajice companies, circulars, handbills, &c. 6th. To instructions or requests to postmasters to notify the sender in case of the non- delivery of other than tirst-class matter, so that he may send postage lor its return. See section 465. Sec. 233. Letter-postage and Penalty for Prohibited "Writing or Printing. — Matter of the second, tliLrd, or fourth class, coutaiuing anj writing or printing other than indicated in [the preceding] section [231 and 232], or made in the manner other than therein indicated shall not be delivered except npon the payment of postage for matter of the first class, deduct- ing therefrom any amount which may* have been prepaid by stamiis affixed to such matter ; and any person who shall conceal or inclose any matter of a higher class in that of a lower class, and deposit, or cause the same to be deposited, for conveyance by mail, at a less rate than would be charged for both such higher and lower class matter, shall, for every such offense, be liable to a penalty of ten dollars : Provided, how- ever, That nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prevent publishers of the second class and news-agents from inclosing, in their publications, bills, receipts, and orders for subscription thereto; but such bills, receipts, and orders shall be in such form as to convey no other inforaiation than the name, location, and subscrii:)tiou price of the publication or publications to which they refer. (Act of March 3, 1879 § 23, 20 Stat., p. 361.) Sec. 234. Form of Bills Accompanying Second-class Matter. — Bills printed or written iu substantially the following form are held by the Department to be within the intendments of the preceding section : New York, , 187 . Office of The Weekly, 37 Park Row. P. O. Box, 4295. To the Weekly, Dr. Subscription, jiostage included, |3.20 in advance. Terms cash. Remittances should be made by pastal money order or draft on New York in name of Received payment, 1879, for the Weekly. No objection can be urged to a bill which includes the names of more than one pub. lication, and their terms of subscription, provided they are all published by the same individual or company, or sent by the same news-agent. The bill may include any period of subscription or any number of shipments to a news-agent. Sec. 235. Newspapers to be Wrapped and Sufficiently Dried. — Xo newspa- pers sliall be received to be conveyed by mail unless they arc sufiiciently dried and inclosed in proper wrai)pers. (K. S., § 3S83.) Sec. 236. Manner of Presenting Second-class Matter for Mailing. — In mail- ing publications of the second class they should in all cases be projjcrly dried, folded, and addressed. It is certainly no part of the duty of a postmaster or liis assistants to fold ni'wsi)apcrs so that they can be placed in tlie boxes, »fcc., for dc^livery; and in case a publisher persists in sending tlu!m without being proi)erly folded, after being notified to jiut them up so that they can be promjjtly assorted and delivered, the post- master would be justified iu not distributing them with the regular mail. TITLE II rOST-OFFICES AND TOSTMASTERS. 83 Newspapers folded to the size of 9 by 12 inches are considered sndiciently folded so that tiiey could be placed in the boxes of a jxist-oflficc! with little or no inconven- ience. Sec. 237. Manner of Presenting Third-class Matter for Mailing. — Printed matti-r must be cither placed under l)an(l, upnn -.i roller, lietweeu boards, in a case open at one side t)r at both ends, or in an unenclosed envelope, or simply closcid in such a manner as not to conceal the nature of the packet, or, lastly, tied by a striii^j easy to imfastcn. Address cards, and all printed matter prescntinj^ the form and consistency of an un- folded card. m;iy l»e forwarded without band, cnvelo[tc, fastening, or fold. Sec. 238. What a Package of Third-class Matter May Contain. — A package of third-class matter may contain any number of articles of that class. All legitimate biudiufij, mountiiijf, or coveiing of a book, &c., or of a portion thereof, is permissible whether such binding, etc., be loose or attached; as also rollers in the case of prints or maps, nuirkers (whether of paper or otherwise), in the case of books, pens, or jten- cils, in the case of poeketbooks, &c., and, in short, whatever is necessary for the safe transmission of such articles, or usually appertains thereto; l)nt the binding, rollers, pens, or pencils, &c., must not be sent as separate packages at third-class rates. Sec. 239. Free County Publications. — Publications of the second class, one copy to each actual subscriber residing in the county where the same are printed, in whole or in part, and published, shall go free through the mails ; but the same shall not be delivered at letter-carrier offices, or distributed by carriers, unless postage is paid thereon at the rate pre- scribed in section [100] : Provided, That the rate of postage on newspa- pers (excepting M'eeklies) and periodicals not exceeding two ounces in weight, when the same are deposited in a letter-caiTier office for deliv- ery by its carriers, shall be uniform at one cent each ; periodicals weigh- ing more than two ounces shall be subject, when delivered by such car- riers, to a postage of two cents each, and these rates shall be prepaid by stamps affixed. (Act of March 3, 1879, § 25, 20 Stat., p. «G1.) Sec. 240. Postage on Second-class Matter at Free-Delivery Post-Offices. — Mailable matter of the second class deposited in a letter-carrier post-oflfice for local delivery shall be delivered through boxes or the general delivery ou prepayment of postage at the rate of two cents jier pound, but when delivered by carriers the follow- ing rates must be prepaid by postage-stamps affixed : on newspapers (except weeklies) one cent each without regard to weight; on periodicals not exceeding two ounces in weight, one cent each ; on periodicals exceeding two ounces in weight, two cents each. The rate on weekly newspapers of the second class deposited by the publisher in a letter-carrier post-office for local delivery is two cents per pound, whether the same are delivered by carriers or through boxes or the general delivery. Sec. 241. Second-class Matter at Free-Delivery Offices, how Separated. — Sec- ond-class matter for city delivery, where the carrier system is established, should be sepai"ately made up at the office of publication — that for delivery by the carriers of a l)Ost-office being i)ut in one package or bundle — each article of mail-matter therein jtroperly stamped, and that for delivery through the boxes of the post-office by itself. If the separation is not made at the office of publication, each paper or periodical not properly stamped must be placed in the boxes or at the general delivery for delivery therefrom. Sec. 242. Free County Publications must be Mailed by Themselves. — When a publisher of a newspaper sends in the mails a i)ackage of his papers, a portion in- tended for subscribers residing within the county in which the paper is printed (in whole or in part) and published, and the remainder intended for subscribers residing 84 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. ill another county, lie must pay postage on the entire package at the pound rates. The iinblisher should make two jiackages, one for the subscribers residing in the county and one for those out of the county, the former to go free under section 239. Sec. 2i3. Publications with Offices in two Counties Free in Neither. — Xo publication of the second class claiming more than one office of publication in diifereut counties is entitled to pass in the mails free in either county, unless the publisher elect which office he will regard as his office of publication. In that event the publi- cation shall go free in that county only. The postmaster at the post-office thus selected should notify the postmaster at the other post-office of such selection. The provisions of this section are not applicable, however, to publications claiming or having more than one office of publication which do not claim free county circulation. Sec. 244. Sample Copies of Free County Publications Subject to Postage. — Nothing in the act of March 3, 1879, can be so construed as to permit "sample copies" of any publication to be mailed free in the county where the same is printed or pub- lished ; they must be prepaid at the rate of two cents for each pound. Sec. 245. Congressional Documents Free of Postage. — Senators, Eepresent- atives, and Delegates in Congress, the Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of the House of Representatives, may send and receive through the mail free, all public documents printed by order of Congress ; and the name of each Senator, Eepresentative, Delegate, Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of the House shall be written thereon with the proper designation of the office he holds, and the provisions of this section shall apply to each of the persons named herein until the first Monday of December following the expiration of their resiJective terms of office. (Act of March 3, 1879, § 1, 20 Stat., p. 356.) Sec. 246. Congressional Record, and Extracts therefrom, Free. — The Con- gressional Record, or any part thereof, or speeches or reports therein contained, shall, under the frank of a member of Congress, or delegate, to be written by himself, be carried in the mail free of postage under such regulations as the Postmaster-General may prescribe. (Act March 3, 1875, § 5, 19 Stat, p. 343.) Sec. 247. Seeds and Reports from Agricultural Department Free. — Seeds transmitted by the Commissioner of Agriculture, or by any member of Congress or delegate receiving seeds for distribution from said Depart- ment, together with agricultural reports emanating from that Depart- ment, and so transmitted, shall, under such regulations as the Postmas- ter-General shall prescribe, pass through the mails free of charge. And the pro\isions of this section shall apply to ex-members of Congress and ex-delegates for the period of nine months after the expiration of their terms as members and delegates. (Act of March 3, 1875, § 7, 19 Stat., p. 313.) Sec. 248. Remailing of Congressional Documents after one Delivery. — It is competent for Senators and Representatives and other persons entitled to the franking privilege to send, when properly franked niuler the provisions of the law, })ack.ages of unaddressed free matter in bulk to any person by mail, to bo separately addressed and remailed from another post-office. But such remailing can only be done once, unless it becomes necessary to forward in order to reach the party addressed, in which case the regulations relating to the forwarding of prepaid letters shall apply to the franked package. Except in the case of free matter sent iu franked packages in bulk to a per- TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 85 soil hiinscl foil tit lod to tlic IViUikiii^liiivih^j^t', oach book, docMiinriit or iiiicka;^!' ciititlid to b« scut free in the luuils must suparatcly bi-ar the frank of a Senator, Kciticsfiita- tive, or other person vesteil with tht^ frankin}^ l>rivih'.) Sec. 250. Penalty Envelopes for Official Matter. — For the purpose of carry- ing this act into effect, it shall be the duty of each of the Executive I)e- i:)artments of the United States to i^rovide for itself and its subordinate offices the necessary envelopes ; and in addition to the indorsement des- ignating the Department in which they are to be used, the penalty for the unlawful use of these envelopes shall be stated thereon. (Act of March 3, 1877, § G, 19 Stat, 335.) Sec. 251. Extension of the two Preceding Sections. — The provisions of the [two preceding] \jifth and sixth] sections \of the act entitled '"An act estah- lisking jyost-routes, and for other pur])oses,^^ approved March third, eighteen hundred and serenty-seven] for the transmission of official mail-matter, be, and they are hereby, extended to all officers of the United States Gov- ernment, and made applicable to all official mail-matter transmitted be- tween any of the officers of the United States, or between any such officer and either of the executive departments or officers of the government, the envelopes of such matter in all cases to bear appropriate indorsements containing the proper designation of the office from which the same is transmitted, with a statement of the penalty for their misuse. And the provisions of said fifth and sixth sections are hereb}' likewise extended and made applicable to all official mail-matter sent from the Smithso- nian Institution : Provided, That this act shall not extend or apply to pensio)i-ageuts or other officers who receive a fixed allowance as com- pensation for their services, including expenses for postage. (Act of March 3, 1879, § 29, 20 Stat., p. 302.) The jienalty-envelopos prescribed under this and the two preceding sections ninst be furnished by the various Uepartmeuts at WasJiingtou to their subordinate olticers throughout the country. Ofiicial penalty-labels to be affixed to mail matter may also be furnished in lieu of or in addition to the official penalty-envelopes. The etfect of these three .sections is to substitute for official postage-stamps and official stamped-euvelopes furnished by thePost-Office Department, official penalty-eiivelopea and official penalty-labels fiu'uished by each Department to its own subordinates. 86 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. CHAPTER FIVE. SHIP AND STEAMBOAT LETTERS. Sec. > Sec. 252. Letters on res.scls to and from foreign ports. 259. No fee on foreifrn-addressed letters. 253. Letters on inland .steamboats. | 260. No fees to passengers or sailors. 'J54. Payment for sbip-letters. 255. Double postage on sbip-letters. 256. Definition of .sbip-letters. 257. Manner of collecting sbip-fees. 258. Eating up postage on sliip-letters. 261. Letters on mail-steamboats, bow disposed of. 262. Account of shii) and steamboat letters to be kept. 263. No fees to mail-vessels. 264. Printed sbip-matter, bow to be treated. Sec. 252. Letters on Vessels to and from Foreign Ports. — The master of any vessel of the United States, bound from any port therein to any foreign port, or from any foreign port to any port of the United States, shall, before clearance, receive on board and securely convey all such mails as the Post-Oftice Department, or any diplomatic or consular office of the United States abroad, shall offer ; and he shall promptly' deliver the same, on arriving at the port of destination, to the proper officer, for which he shall receive two cents for every letter so delivered ; and upon the entry of every such vessel returning from any foreign jiort, the mas- ter thereof shall make oath or affirmation that he has promi)tly deliv- ered all the mail iilaced on board said vessel before clearance from the United States ; and if he shall fail to make such oath or affirmation, the said vessel shall not be entitled to the privileges of a vessel of the United States. (R. S., § 397G.) Sec. 253. Letters on Inland Steamboats. — The master of any steamboat passing between x)orts or i>laces in the United States, and arriving at any such port or x)lace where there is a i^ost-office, shall deliver to the postmaster, within three hours after his arrival, if in the day-time, and if at night, within two hours after the next sunrise, all letters and pack- ets brought by him, or within his power or control and not relating to the cargo, addressed to or destined for such port or place, for which he shall receive from the postmaster two cents for each letter or packet so delivered, unless the same is carried under a contract for carrying the mail ; and for every failure to so deliver such letters and packets, the master or owner of said steamboat shall be liable to a penaltj' of one hundred and fifty dollars. (R. S. § 3977.) Sec. 254. Payment for Ship-Letters. — The Postmaster-General may i)ay to the master or owner of any vessel not regularly employed in carrying the mail two cents for each letter carried by such vessel between ports or i^laces in the United States, or from any foreign port to any port in the United Stat«'S ; but all such letters shall be deposited in the post- office at the port of arrival. ( \i. S., § 3978.) Sec. 255. Double Postag^e on Ship-Letters. — All letters conveyed by ves- sels not regularly employed in carrying the mail shall, if for delivery within the United States, be rated with double postage, to cover the fee ])aid to the vessel. (11. S., § 3913.) Sec. 256. Definition of Ship-Letters. — The terms ship-letters and jyackets TITLE II — POST-OFFICES AND TOSTMASTERS. 87 emlirat'f the lottcrs and ))iuk('fs lnoiij^ht into the United States from forcif^n ronntri«r4, or tarrifd from (>naid for them; they are, nevertheless, to be charged with double postage, and the number entered in the account of ship-letters, with the name of the vessel in Avhich they were brought. They will then be forwarded as other ship-letters, the postage to be collected at the post-office of delivery. Sec. 261. Letters on Mail-steamhoats, how Disposed of. — All letters placed on a mail-steamboat, on which the mails are in charge of a route-agent, should go into the hands of such agent ; and on these letters the master of the vessel is not entitled to receive any compensation. None but letters on which at least one full rate of postage has been paid should be received on such steamboat, and these shoiald be duly mailed. But should any chance to be unpaid, they should be deposited by the route-agent in the post-othce at the terminal point of his route, where the postmaster will treat them in all res]>ects as other unpaid letters. Sec. 262. Account of Ship and Steamboat Letters to be kept. — Letters brought by steamboats should be marked "Steamboat" at the time of receiving them, and postmasters will keep an account of both ship and steamboat lettere received, stating the sums paid for them and the postage chargeable thereon. Sec. 263. No Fees to Mail-Vessels. — No fees will be allowed to any vessel or to any person on board any vessel which carries the mail, nor to any mail-carrier on any mail-route by land or water. Sec. 264. Printed Ship-Matter, how to be Treated. — Printed matter deliv- ered to a postmaster by the master of a vessel arriving from a foreign port, and not regularly engaged in carrying the mail, which is wholly unpaid, shall be forwarded by such postmaster to its post-office of destination charged with double third-class rates of dctjjiestic postage, to be collected on delivery. No fee, however, shall be paid for such matter. 88 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. CHAPTER SIX. DELIVERY OF ORDINARY MAIL - MATTER— WITHDRAWAL BY SENDER FROM POST-OFFICE PATCH. Sec. 265. Opening of mails ; placing matter on deliv- ery. 266. Postmasters may remove wrappers of pack- ages. 267. Double postage on unpaid matter. 268. Matter cannot be delivered until postage due is paid. 269. Weight of matter determined at post-office of mailing. 270. Postage-due stamps for iasufflciently-paid matter. 271. Penalty for failing to affix postage-due stamps. 272. Time of affixing postage-due .stamps. 273. Treatment of undelivered matter with post- age-due stamps thereon. 274. Postage-due stamjjs on forwaided letters, how refunded. 275. What persons are entitled to receive mail- matter. 276. Letters addressed to fictitious persons. 277. Proof of identity required in doubtful cases. 278. Letters opened through mistake. OF MATTER BEFORE ITS DIS- Sec. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 290. 291. 292. 293. 294. ilail-matter addressed to other post-offices not deliverable : exceiitions. Mail-matter addressed in. care of another. Letters from the Pension Office. Under no pretext are letters in the mail to be opened. Mail-matter to be delivered according to offi- cial designation. Mail-matter addressed to minors. Mail-matter addressed to deceased persons. Mail-matter to be delivered to assignees, etc. Mail-matter addressed to a defunct firm or corjjoration. Postmaster to require appointment of a re- ceiver. Decision of disputed claims to mail-matter. Injunctions of courts to be respected. "Withdrawal of letters from mailing post-office. Proof of identity of letter required. When to refuse application for withdrawal. Mail-matter beyond mailLug post-office cannot be withdrawn. Sec. 265. Opening of Mails ; Placing Matter on Delivery. — Upon the arrival of the mail at auy po.st-ofiftce, the mail sack.s and poiiehes, oi- the package.s iu a mail- hag addressed to that post-office, and none other, should be opened. Every postmaster, immediately npon the receipt of the mail, will, if possible, place the postmark of his post-office upon every letter received in the mail, showing the date and the hour of the day when the letters were received. He will then look over the letters or pack- ages thus received to see if the postage thet'eon has been properly prepaid, noting on each letter or parcel the amount, if auy, which is found to be due thereon, after which he Avill i)lace the mail on delivery. Sec. 266. Postmasters may Remove Wrappers of Packages. — Postmasters at the office of delivery may remove the wrappers and envelopes from mail-matter not charged Avith letter-postage, when it can be done witli- ont destroying- them, for the pnrx)ose of ascertaining' whether there is upon or connected with any such matter anything which would author- ize or require the charge of a higher rate of postage thereon. (II. S., § 3882.) Sec. 267. Double Postage on Unpaid Matter. — If any mail-matter, on which by law the postage is required to be prepaid at the mailing [post] office, shall by inadvertence reach its destination without such prepayment, double the prepaid rates shall be charged and collected on delivery. (K. S., § 381>8.) Sec. 268. Matter Cannot be Delivered until Postage Due is Paid. — ^N'o mail- matter shall be delivered until the postage due thereon has been jjaid. (K. S., § 3900.) TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 89 Sec. 269. Weight of Matter Determined at Post-Office of Mailing. — riiasiinich as, tliroii^ih cviiporiitioii or otlu-r cause, inail-iiiiitter not iiilrc(|iMMitl,v Iosch \v<-i;rlit in tiiinsit, so that ujiou its arrival at the post-oflice of di'stinatioii its \vci;;ht may not oorri'siiond with that indicatc-d hy tht; itosta>,'c rattnl ui> at the iiost-ollicr of mailing, liostuiasters am iustructod that the weight at time of mailing (h-ttnnincs tlio ratt; of postage, and tliey should collect the postage marked due accordingly. Sec. 270. Postage-due Stamps for Insufficiently-paid Matter. — All iiiail-inat- terof the liist-clas.s upoinvliicli one full rate of ])0.stajL,^e lias been i)repaid .shall be forwarded to its destinatiou, charged with the unpaid rate, to be collected on delivery ; but i)o.stniasters, before delivering the same, or any article of niail-niatter upon Mhicli prepayment in full has not been made, shall affix, or cause to be affixed, and canceled, as ordinary stamps are canceled, one or more stamps equivalent in value to the amount of post- age due on such article of mail-matter, which stamp shall be of .such special design and denomination as the Postmaster-General may pre- scribe, and which shall in no case be sold by anj postmaster nor re- ceived by him in prepayment of postage. That in lieu of the commis- sion now allowed topo.straastersat [post] offices of the fourth class upon the amount of unpaid letter-postage collected, such postmaster shall re- ceive a commission upon the amount of such special stamps so canceled, the same as now allowed upon postage stamps, stamped envelopes, postal cards, and newspaper and periodical stamps canceled as postages on matter actually mailed at their [post] offices : Provided, The Postmaster- General may, in his discretion, prescribe instead such regulation therefor at the [post] offices where free delivery is established as in his judg- ment the good of the service may require. (Act March 3, 1879, § 26, 20 Stat, p. 301.) Sec. 271. Penalty for Failing to affix Postage-due Stamps. — Any postmaster or other person engaged in the postal service who shall collect, and fail to account for, the postage due upon any article of mail-matter which he may deliver, without having previously affixed and canceled such special stamps, as hereinbefore provided, or wiio shall fail to affix such stamp, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of fifty doUars. (Act March 3, 1879, § 27, 20 Stat., p. 3(52.) Sec. 272. Time of affixing Postage-due Stamps. — At all post-offices where the free-delivery service lias not been established, postmasters will not affix f he postage- due .stamps until the delivery of the matter lias been re.quested. At all free-delivery post-offices, matter which has not been sufficiently prepaid will be rated up, and postage-due stamps of the necessary denominations will be affixed as soon as the mat- ter is received at the post-office, unless an order is on file for a letter to be forwarded? jii -wliich case it will l)e forwarded without affixing the postage-dtie stainj). Sec. 273. Treatment of Undelivered Matter with Postage-due Stamps thereon. — After the postage-due stamps have been athxed at free-delivery post-offices, such mat- ter as may be refused, unclaimed, or cannot be delivered must be treated as required by the regulations. When sent to the Dead-Letter Office, credit must be claimed on the dead-letter bill for '^postage-due stamps canceled on undelivered mail-matter." When returned to writer or redirected to another post-office within the United States, a numbered postage-due bill, stating amount due and name of person fiom whom it is to be collected, must be attached to and sent with each letter. 90 POSTAL LAWS AXD REGULATIONS. Sec. 274. Postage-due Stamps on Forwarded Letters, how Refanded. — When a returued or forwarded letter, with postage-due stamps atifixed and bill attached, is received at any post-office from a free-delivery post-office, the receiving postmaster must detach the bill and return it by next mail, with required amount of uncanceled stamps inclosed, to the issuing postmaster. In case of failure to get a return of a bill or stamps after a reasonable delay, postmasters at free-delivery post-offices may obtain the proper credit and expose the delinquent receiving postmaster by making a dupli- cate bill (from the stub of the original), which they will attach to and incorporate in their regular dead-letter bill. This duplicate must be indorsed, in the blank space at the end, Duplicate, Okigixal not returned, or Original returned wnTHOUT STAMPS. In forwarding to foreign countries mail-matter on which postage-due stamps have been canceled, the original bill, indorsed Foreign letter forwarded, must be attached to and incorporated in the regular dead-letter bill. Sec. 275, "What Persons are entitled to receive Mail-matter. — The persons entitled to articles of mail-matter received by mail are those w^hose names are in the address, aud the delivery should be either to the person addressed, or according to his or her order. The order is in some cases implied, as where a person is in the habit of receiving his mail through his son, clerk, or servant, and of recognizing the delivery to him. Mail- matter addressed to a firm may be delivered to any member of the firm, and, if addressed to several persons, may be handed to any one of them. Sec. 276. Letters addressed to Fictitious Persons, etc. — Letters and pack- ages addressed to fictitious persons or firms, to initials, or to no particular person or firm, unless directed to be delivered at a designated place, as a post-office box, street and number, or to the care of a certain person or firm, or other certain place of de- livery, within the delivery of the post-office to which they are addressed, must be returued at the end of each month to the Dead-Letter Office. Sec. 277. Proof of Identity required in Douhtful Cases. — A postmaster should, in all cases of doubt, require satisfactory proof of the identity of persons claim- ing mail-matter addressed for delivery at the post-office. Great care must be especially taken where such matter appears to be of value, and if the person calling for it be not the person addressed, or a member of his immediate family, it is safest to require a written order for its delivery. Sec. 278. Letters "Opened through Mistake." — If there be two or more persons of the same name, and a letter intended for one is delivered to another, and returued by him, the postmaster will reseal the letter in the presence of the person w^ho opened it, and request him to write upon it the words, opened by me through mistake, and sign his name ; he will then replace the letter in the post-office. Sec. 279. Mail-matter addressed to other Post-Offices not Deliverable. — Post- masters cauuot deliver mail-matter which may be addressed to aud deliverable from other post-offices, except in cases of matter addressed to a discontinued post-office nearest the post-office where such matter is held for delivery. Exception to this rule may be made in special cases, as when a letter arrives from a foreign country directed to a post-office other than tha^ at the port of arrival, and the person addressed is about to leave the country, or desires to answer at once by mail from that port. In such cases the postmaster, on being satisfied of the identity of the applicant, may deliver the letter. Exceptions may also ]»o made in the case of ambassadors .iiul other diplo- matic representatives of foreign governments who may be temporarily residing else- where than within the dcdivery of the post-office to which their eorresiHUideuce is directed. In the exceptional cases above provided for, the postmaster who delivers the letters shall report his action to the postmaster of the post-office to which thoy are dire(;te deliver a let tor fymn tlu' Pension Oilier to any ono othor than the person addressed, or to a mem- ber of his or her family, or to a logal f^uardian of the pensioner, and nudor no circnm- •stances is it jillowaltle to deliver sneh letters to an attorney, claim-ujient, or broker. Sec. 282. Under no Pretext are Letters in the Mail to he opened. — A Icttfr onee pl.aeed in tlie post-olliee is in tlif custody of the Dejiartnient for transmission and delivery to the party aililressod. Neither postmasters nor otlieers of tiie law have any anthority to open it under the pretext that there mij^ht be somethinj; improper or even criminal in it, or that would aid in the detection, or furnish evidence for ti\,e con- viction, of offenders a-jjainst the law. ' A. letter of a criminal must, therefore, be deliv- ered to him unless he may otherwise direct. Sec. 283. Mail-Matter to he delivered according to Official Designation. — Mail-matter directed to a i)nblic oflicial by his title, or to an ofti(;er of a coiiioratioii, or person holding a i)ositii)u therein having- an oflicial designation, should be delivered to the i)erson actually holding the office or other position designated in the address, not- withstanding the name of another i)erson may also appear therein, the ]»resumptive intention of the sender being that the article of mail-matter shall reach the ofticcr, etc., addn^ssed rather than the individual named. Sec. 284. Mail-Matter addressed to Minors. — In the case of minor children residing with their parents, and dependent upon them for maintenance and support, such parents are entitled to control the correspondence of the aforesaid minors by di- recting the disposition to be made of mail-matter addressed to them, and where such minors reside temporarily away from their parents, the latter may delegate to another the right to receive mail-nuitter aihlressed to such minors, but such person must show to the postmaster written authority to receive the same before it can be delivered to him. Sec. 285. Mail-Matter addressed to Deceased Persons. — Mail-matter ad- dresst?d to a deceased person must in the tirst instance be delivered to his legal repre- sentatives. In case there are no legal representatives the letters should be delivered to the widow, if there be one, unless there are other claimants for the same, in which event the postmaster should report the case with all the facts to the First Assistant Postmaster-General and await his instructions. Sec. 286. Mail-Matter to he delivered to Assignees, etc. — Wlien the busi- ness of a tirm has been placed in the hands of an assignee or receiver, its letters should be delivered to the latter, on his presentation of proof of his api>ointment by a court or other coinjietcut authority. Sec. 287. Mail-Matter addressed to a Defunct Firm or Corporation. — Mail- matter addressed to a tirm or corporation which has ceased to exist must be delivered to the legal representatives. Sec. 288. Postmaster to require Appointment of Receiver. — When a firm or company dissolves partnership, and contention arises as to whom the umil-nuitter ad- dressed to the former business firm or company, or its officials, shall be delivered, a postmaster, l)eing forbidden by one party to deliver to another, should require the appointment of a receiver, retaining all mail-matter until said receiver is appointed ; and if no such receiver is appointed, or no agreement between the contending parties is reached, before the expiration of thirty days from the date when delivery ceased, the letters in dispute, and all that maj"^ arrive thereafter (until an agreement is made or receiver appointed), shall be sent to the lletnrn-Lotter Office marked ix dispute. Sec. 289. Decision of Disputed Claims to Mail-matter. — A postmaster is not re([uired to decide disputes between members of a dissolved or existing firm as to the delivery of its mail-matter. If the firm is not dissolved, he shouhl, if its mail has habitually been delivered by carrier, continue such delivery, instructing the carrier to hand the mail-matter to any of its members. If the delivery is through box or general delivery, he will place the mail-matter therein to await the call of any author- 92 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. ized person. If the firm is dissolved, lie will be governed in his action by the pro- visions of the preceding section. Sec. 290. Injunction of Courts to be respected. — Where mail-matter may be addressed to a firm which has ceased to exist, and having reached its destination through the mails is claimed by different parties, and some of the claimants in order to determine their rights in the premises subsequently institute a suit against the others in the local courts, and obtain an order from the court enjoining the postmaster from delivering the mail-matter to either party, the postmaster should respect the order of the court by retaining the same and delivering it to the parties who shall be finally*determined by the court to be legally entitled to it. Sec. 291. Withdrawal of Letters from Mailing Post.oflB.ce. — To prevent fraud the postmaster must not permit any letter put into his iiost-oflice for transmis- sion by mail to be withdrawn by any person except the writer thereof, or, in case of a minor child, the parent or guardian of the same ; and the utmost care must be taken to ascertain that the i)erson applying for such letter is really the writer, parent, or guardian. Sec. 292. Proof of Identity of Letter required. — To enable him to know that the person applying for the withdrawal of a letter is the writer, the postmaster may require him, or his messenger, to exhibit to him the same superscription and seal that are upon the letter. And if the postmaster is satisfied that the handwriting and seal are the same, he will permit the letter to be withdrawn, taking a receipt, and preserving it with the paper containing the superscription, and the order, if one were sent. If the person applying for the letter is the parent or guardian of the minor, the postmaster must require him to identify the particular letter by extrinsic evidence satisfactory to the postmaster. Sec. 293. When to refuse Application for Withdrawal. — Postmasters should refuse all applications for the withdrawal of letters in cases where the necessary search would involve the delay of a mail, or retard the regular work of the post-oflice. Sec. 294. Mail-matter beyond Mailing Post-office cannot be withdrawn. — After a letter, or any other article of mail-matter, has passed from the mailing post- oflice, the delivery of it cannot be prevented or delayed by any one except upon the order of the Postmaster-General, to whom direct application must be made by the writer. CHAPTER SEVEN. LETTER-BOXES IN POST-OFFICES. Sec. 295. Postmasters may erect boxes at their own ex- pense. 290. Lock-boxes, etc., for box-holders at their ex- I>en.se. 297. Friends of owners of box to tise the same, when. 298. Postmasters to keep a list of box-holders. 299. Failure of postmaster to make report of box- rents. 300. Rent of boxes to be prepaid. Sec. 301. Payment for boxes must bo ijuartoily. 302. Box to be restricted to use of one family, etc _ 303. Postmaster to leave record of box-receipts with successor. 304. Postmaster sliould refuse to rent box for im- proper purposes. 305. Rcut for private boxes. 306. I'ostmasters not to disclose names of iiox- holders. Sec. 295. Postmasters may erect Boxes at their own Expense. — Any post- master in other than a building owned by the United States may erect boxes in his post-office at his own expen.se. These boxes are neither owned nor repaired by the Dei)artment, but the revenues thereof must be reported quarterly to the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post- Office Department. TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 93 Sec. 296. Lock-boxes, etc., for Box-holders at their Expense. — Po.stmastor.s may allow box-holders avIio desire to do so to provide lock-boxes or diaweis for their own ii.se, at their own expen.se, which lock-boxes or drawers, upon their erection in nuy post-office, shall beconn; the prop- erty of the United Stiites, and be snbject to the direction and control of the Post-Onioe Department, and shall pay a rental at least eqnal to that of other boxes in the same [i>ost] office, or, if there be no other boxe.s in such [post] office, of boxes in other [post] offices of the same class, wliieh rental shall be aircounted for as other box-rents. (R. S., § 40.52.) Sec. 297. Friends of Owner of Box to use same, when. — Letters addres.sed to the iVionds of the owner of a box stopping tiMupor.irily with him may also bo placed ill the box, if directed to his caro or to the number of the box. Hat lettt^rs adrlresscd to other ])er.sous residing in the same jdace, and living and doing busiue.ss separate and ai)art from a box-holder, should not l)o ydaced in such box. Sec. 298. Postmasters to keep a List of Box-holders. — Each postmaster must keep a list of all box-holder.s, with the number of the box assigned to each, and the time during which he has used it. This ILst will be examined by special agents, and be delivered to his successor in office. The postmaster must state in his quarterly returns the amount of box-rents collected in or on account of each qu.arter. • Sec. 299. Failure of Postmasters to make Report of Box-rents. — The salaries of postmasters are based ujiou a sworn statement of the operations of their post-offices for the four quarters immediately preceding the adjustment or readjustment furnished to the First Assistant Postmaster-General. Wheii the postmaster fails to make any report, or reports a less amount of box-rents than that included in his salary, he is ehargetl in the adjustment of his quarterly return, by the Auditor, with the full amount of box-rents included in his quarterly salary. Sec. 303. Rsat of Boxes to be prepaid. — Xo box at any post-office shall be assij^ned to the use of any person until the rent thereof has been p;wd for at least one quarter in advance, for which the postmaster shall give a receipt. (R. S., § 3901.) Sec. 301. Payment for Boxes must be Quarterly. — Postmasters must rent the boxes and drawers ia their post-otfices for one quarter (three months) only, the money to be paid in advance. The Department will insist upon a strict compliance with this regulation. Boxes remaining unpaid for ten days from the expiration of a quarter will be declared vacated. Sec. 302. Box to be restricted to Use of one Family, etc. — A person renting a post-office box is entitled to have the letters of his family put into it. Each box must be restricted to the use of one family, firm, or corporation. Sec. 303. Postmaster to leave Record of Box-receipts with Successor. — When a postmaster retires from office he must leave in the hands of his successor a record of receipts given for payment of box-rents. In the absence of this record, the postmaster will require the parties claiming to have i)aid their box-rents to show their receipts, or produce other satisfactory evidence of such payment. AVhen an individual h(dds a receipt from the late postmaster for box-rent paid, it is the , § '>, 20 Stat., 1). ;517.) Sec. 308. Districting of Cities. — Cities must be so districted as to secure tin- full, o(iual. iiiul most :i(lviintii;j;t'<)us employment of the carriers, and the earliest liracticalilc di'livt-ry and collection of the mails. Sec. 309. Classification of Carriers. — For the more equitable compensa- tion of letter-carriers there shall be in all cities whicli contain a popula- tion of seventy-five thousand or more two classes of letter-carriers, to be fixed by the Postmaster-General. (Act February 21, 1879, § 1, 20 Stat., p. 317.) Sec. 310. Salaries of Carriers. — The salaries of carriers of the first class, ^vho shall have been in service at least one year, shall be one thousand dollars per annum, and the salaries of the carriers of the second class shall be ei'jht hundred dollars per annum. In all cities containing a population of less than seventy-five thousand there shall be one class of letter-carriers, who shall receive a salary of eight hundred and fifty dol- lars per annum.* (Act February 21, 1879, § 2, 20 Stat., p. 317.) Sec. 311. Auxiliary Carriers. — Upon the recommendation of the post, master of any city, the Postmaster-General may establish a third grade of letter-carriers known as auxiliaries, who shall be paid at the rate of four hundred dollars per annum. (Act February 21, 1879, § 3, 20 Stat., p. 317.) Sec. 312. Appointments and Promotions. — Appointments of letter-carriers in cities having two or more classes shall be made to the class having the minimum rate of pay, and i)romotions from the lower grades in said cities shall be made to the higher grades to fill vacancies, after one or more years' services, on certificate of the postmaster to the efliciency and faithfulness of the candidate during the preceding year: Provided^ however^ That at no time shall the number of carriers in the first class, receiving the maximum salary of one thousand dollars, be more than two-thirds or less than one-half the whole number of carriers actually in service in the city in whicli they are employed: Provided, further^ That no boxes for the collection of mail-matter by carriers shall be placed inside of any building except a imblic building or railroad station. (Act Feb. 21, 1879, § 4, 20 Stat, p. 317.) Sec. 313. Public Buildings Described. — Xo street mailing-box shall be placed inside any building whicli is not at *11 hours open to the public and accessible to the carriers. Postmasters may (subject to the above conditions) in their discretion * Until an appropriation shall be made, in accordance with the provisions of section 310, the following regulation will remain in force: The salaries of letter-carriers are lixed by the Postmaster-General at the time of their appointment. Increased pay is granted to carriers, from time to time, when the appropriation wnll justify it, on application of the postmaster to the First Assistant Postmaster-CJeneral, setting forth the diligence, lidelity, and experience of the carrier in whose behalf the application is made. 96 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. place sncli boxes within the halls or corridors on the gronnd-floor of large hotels, and in commercial exchanges, but are forbidden to jilace them within club-houses, private residences, stores, or offices of business corporations. Sec. 314. Number of Carriers Limited. — It shall be the duty of the Post- master-General to carefully inquire into the number of carriers employed in the several cities where the free delivery of mail-matter is established, and to reduce the number of carriers, and the number of deliveries of mails by such carriers for each day to the reasonable requirements o^ the public service. (Act of March 3, 1877, 19 Stat., p. 384.) Sec. 315. Letter-carriers' Bonds. — Every letter-carrier shall give bonds, with sureties to be approved by the Postmaster-General, for the safe custody and delivery of all mail-matter, and the faithful account and payment of all money received by him. (E. S., § 3870.) Sec. 316. Applications for the Carrier System. — Application for the estab- lishment of the carrier system, or for additional carriers, must be made to the First Assistant Postmaster-General, with the reasons therefor. Sec. 317. How Carriers are Appointed. — Letter-carriers are appointed by the Postmaster-General, on the nomination and recommendation of the local post, master Sec. 318. Qualifications for Appointment. — Persons nominated for appoint- ment as letter-caiTiers must be over twenty-one years of age and under thirty-tive. They must be intelligent, temperate, and physically titted for the service, and must be able to read and write and understand the fundamental rules of arithmetic. Sec. 319. Form of Application for Appointment. — A]>plications for the ap- pointment of carriers must state the name in full (plainly written), age, previous occu- pation, proposed time of commencing service, and the qualifications required in the preceding section. Sec. 320. Return of Oaths and Bonds. — Blank oaths and bonds sent with the letter of appointment of carriers must be promptly and correctly executed, and returned to the First Assistant Postmaster-General. Sec. 321. Appointment of Substitutes. — Substitute letter-carriers are ap- pointed when postmasters so advise, at a nominal salary of one dollar a year, and receive the pro-rata pay of the carrier Avhose route they may be called upon to serve, Avithout regard to the cause of the absence of the regular can-ier or his salaiy. Sul)- stitutes appointed by the Department are paid out of the salary of the .ibsent carrier. Sec. 322. Postmasters may Fill Temporary Vacancies. — Vacaniies occur- ring bj' death, illness, or other unavoidable causes, may be filled temporarily by post- masters, when the exigencies of the service demand it ; but a full statement of the facts must be immediately forwarded to the First Assistant Postmaster-General. Carriers must, however, in every instance, take the oath of office before entering on duty. Sec. 323. Employment of Additional Carriers. — Additional letter-carriers must not be euiploycd until ]tostmasters are notified of their appointment, and they have qualifitMl by executing the oath and bond required by law. Sec. 324. Duties of Carriers generally. — Carriers shall be employed in tliQ delivery and collection of mail-matter, or, during the intervals between their trips, may be employi^d in thi^ i)ost-olfico in siicli nianucr as the postmaster may direct. Sec. 325. Leaves of Absence without Pay. — Postmasters may grant leave of absence to carriers without i)ay in cases of illuess, disability niceived in the service, or other urgent necessity, to continue only during the urgeiu'y of the case, provided it shall in no instance exceed thirty days. For n longer time, application, setting forth all the circuuwstaucea, must be made to the First Assistant Postmater-Gencral. TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND rOSTMASTERS. 97 Sec. 326. Penalty for Absence without Leave. — A carrier ab.sentiiiji- liiiii- siilf witlioiift Icavo will torftiit Iii.s pay (liiriii'; tlie time of hucIi abHcncp, aii«I will 1m; rt'juiiiiauiU'd by the imstiiiastcr, or ivportcd to the First Assistant rostniastir-ficncral for roinoval, as tlu^ fircninstaiici's may n'(|uirr. Sec. 327. Carriers' Uniform, and Penalty for Wearing it Unlawfully. — TLe Postiiiaster-CTeneral may prescribe a uiiiforin dress to be worn by letter- carriers, and any person not connected Avitli the letter-carrier branch of the postal service who shall wear the nniform which may be prescribed shall, for every such ofiense, be punishable by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or both. (K. S., § 38G7.) Sec. 328. The Uniform prescribed for Carriers. — The Postmaster-General, imdcr the preceding section, prescribes the following nniform dress, to be invariably worn while on duty, viz : FOR WLNTKR WEAR. First. A single-breasted sack-coat of " cadet-gray," or, technically, " blue-mixed cadet cloth," terminating two-thirds the distance from the top of the hip-bone to the knee, Avith a pocket at each side, and one on left breast — all outside — with tlaps two and three-fourths to three inches wide, with length to suit, say six and a half to seven inches ; coat to be bound entirely around with good plain black alpaca binding one inch wide, to be put over half edges, with tive brass bxrttous, with the design of the seal of this Department (iiost -rider, with mail-bag across the saddle, Avith the letters P. O. D. beneath), down the front, to button uj) to the neck, and one-half inch black braid, round the sleeves two and a half inches from the bottom. Second. Pants of same material and color, with fine black broadcloth stripe one inch wide down the outside seam. Third. A single-breasted vest of the same material and color, with seven oval brass buttons (vest size), with the letters P. O. upon the face. Fourth. Cap of the same material and color (Navy pattern), bound round with a fine black-cloth band one and one-half inches wide, Avith small-size buttons at the sides, of the same material and design as those on the vest, and glazed coA-er for wet weather. Fifth. A reversible cape (detached from the coat) reaching to the cuff of the coat. sleeA'e when the ann is extended, of the same material and color on one side, and gutta-percha cloth on the other side, Avith live buttons, the same as on the coat, down the front, and bound entirely round Avith plain black al^mca binding one inch wide, put half OA'er edges ; or an OA'ercoat of the same material and color, trimmed to cor- respond with the coat, with five brass buttons, of the same size and design as the coat button, down the front. It shall not be obligatory on the carriers to wear either, but whencA'er additional covering is needed, the postmaster of each city will decide, in accordance Avith the wishes of a majority of the carriers, Avhich they shall wear, as both must not be avoiti in the same city. FOR SUMMER AVEAR. First. Coat, single-breasted, skeleton sack, of gray flannel, terminating two-third.s the distance from the toj) of the hip-bone to the knee ; Avith lapels (medium roll) made to button over the breast ; three pockets, outside, Avithout flaps, one on each side, and one on left breast. Coat to be bound entirely round with plain black alpaca binding one inch wide, put half over edges, and three buttons of present regulation style down front. Second. Pants, same material and color, with stripe of black alpaca binding one inch wide doAvn the outside seam. 7 P L 98 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. t Third. Vest, same material and color, houiul same as coat, with collar cut to roll same height as coat, and iive regulatiou huttons down front. Fourth. Panama hat. Sec. 329. Carriers Supply their own Uniforms. — Letter-carriers must pro- cure the uniforms at their own expense, but the postmaster is expected to give his personal attention to the matter, and aft'ord the "trade" an ojiportunity to furnish them at the least expense to tlie carriers, consistent with a proper execution of the re- quirements of tlie above section. Sec. 330. Behavior required of Carriers. — Carriers must iu variably appear on duty in their uniforms, and nnist wear tlicir satchels while on their rounds. TLcy must be civil, pi'ompt, and faithful in the discharge of their duties. Sec. 331. Carriers not to Contract Debts on their Routes. — Carriers who borrow money on their routes, or otherwise contract debts, which they are unable to pay, will render themselves liable to severe censure or dismissal from the service, ac- cording to the aggravation of the case. Sec. 332. Carriers not to Solicit Contributions, etc. — Letter-carriers are for- bidden to solicit contriltutions of money, gifts, or presents, in person or through others ; to issue addresses, comi)limentary cards, prints, publications, or any substi- tute therefor, intended or calculated to induce the public to make them gifts or pres- ents ; to sell tickets on their routes to theaters, concerts, balls, fairs, picnics, excur- sions, or places of amusement or entertainment of any kind, or to deliver any matter while on their routes, except such as may be intrusted to them in the regular course of business. Sec. 333. Establishment of Street Mailing-boxes. — The Postmaster-General may establish, in places wliere letter-carriers are employed, and in other I)laces where, in his judgment, the public convenience requires it, re- ceiving-boxes for the deposit of mail-matter, and shall cause the matter deposited therein to be collected as often as public convenience may require. (R. S., §38G8.) See section 312. Sec. 334. Penalty for Injuring Street Mailing-boxes. — Every person who willfully and maliciously injures, tears down, or destroys any letter-box, pillar-box, or other recei)tacle established by the Postmaster General for the safe deposit of matter for the mail or for delivery, or who will- fully and maliciously assaults any letter-carrier, when in uniform, while engaged on his route in tlie discharge of his duty as a letter-carrier, and every x^erson who willfully aids or assists therein, shall for every such offense be punishable by a tine of not less than one hundred dollars, and not more than one thousand, or by imprisonment for not less than one year and not more than tliree, (K. S., §3S()0.) Sec. 335. Carriers must report Injuries to Street Mailing-boxes. — Carriers will report to the postmaster the commission of any of the offenses ])rovided against in tlic preceding section which may come to their knowledge, who, if ho deems it of sufficient importance, Avill confer with the United States attorney and take such steps as he may advise. Sec. 336. Establishment of Branch Post-offices. — The Postmaster-General, wheh the public convenience reciuircs it, may cstabHsli within any post- office delivery one or more branch ollices for the receipt and (Unlivery of mail-matter and the sale of stamps and envelopes; and he shall prescribe the rules and regulations for the government thereof. IJut no letter shall be sent for delivery to any branch office contrary to the request of the party to whom it is addressed. (K. S., 3871.) TITLE II rOST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. f)9 Sec. 337. No Carriers' Fee permitted. — Xo extra postage or carrier-s' fee sliall be charged or collected upon any mail-matter collected or deliv- ered l»y ciirriers. (K. S., § ;{87;i) Sec. 338. The general Delivery to be Discouraged. — i'ersons calling at the stations for tlii-ir iiiiiils iiuist be reqiu'stcd to leave tluir adilress, and infornu-d that their letters will he promptly sent to them by carrier, free of charge. But as inst.inces may ocenr in which this rnle might work great inconvenience, the .snperintendtuit, or, in his absence, the officer in charge, may in .such cases deliver lettere to the party calling. • Sec. 339. Accounts at Carrier Post-offices. — All exi)eu.ses of letter-carriers, branch offices, and receiving-boxes, or incident thereto, shall be kept and reported in a separate acconnt, and .shall be shown in comparison with the i)roceeds from postage on local mail-matter at each office, and the Postmaster-General shall be guided in the expenditures for this branch of the service by the income derived therefrom. (K. S., § 3S74.) Sec. 340. Postmasters' reports of Operations. — Postmasters must forward a re])ort of the operations of the carrier system, as required by the preceding section, as early after the close of each month as practicable, to the First Assistant Postmaster- General. The blanks furnished for this purpose must be used. Sec. 341. Postmasters' Reports of Expenses. — Postmasters \vill report ([uartcrly to the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department, and nu)nthly to the First Assistant Postmaster-General, on blanks furnished by the Department, the several items of expense enumerated in section 33^. The pay-roll of letter-carriers, and the account of incidental expenses of the system, must be promptly transmitted to the Auditor at the close of each quarter, accompanied by a voucher for eaih bill paid, together with an affidavit that the expenditures were necessary, and the prices ])aid reasonable. The carriers' pay-roll must state the names of the substitute carriers (other than those appointed by the Department), or carriers emjiloyed temporarily, for whom and how long they served, the necessity for their employment, and the amount paid them, with a voucher for each payment. Sec. 342. Rules for Delivery of Matter. — The mails must be assorted and the carriers started on their first daily trip as early as practicable. Mail-matter directed to box-numbers must be «lelivered through the boxes. Mail-matter directed to street and number must be delivered by carriers, unless otherwise directed. Mail- matter directed neither to a box-holder nor to a street and uuni1)er. nnist be delivered by carrier if its address is known or can be ascertained from the city directory ; other- wise, at the general delivery. Sec. 343. Matter not to be Delivered at Unoccupied Premises. — Carriers must not deliver letters in boxes or other receptacles at premises not occupied, in whole or in part, by the persons to whom the letters are addressed, except by the special order of the postmaster. Sec. 344. Matter not to be Delivered in the Street. — A mail-carrier is for- bid(U'n to deliver mail-matter in the streets, even to the owners, but nnist deliver all matter at the houses to wliitdi it is addressed. Sec. 345. Transient or ♦' to-be-called-for " letters, how treated. — Letters having as a part of their address the words "transient," "to be called for," or other words indicating that they are intended for transient pei'sous, mn.st be sent to the gen- eral delivery, to be delivered on application after proper identification. Letters so directed shall not be delivered by letter-cariiers unless on an order from the party addressed. Other letters without street and number or box number, shall be consid- ered as transient, and sent to the general delivery, unless addressed to some person whose address is known to the distributingclerks or to the carriers. While trial search, 100 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. by directory or otherwise, is being made, tbe letter shall be subject to inquiry and delivery through the geueral delivery, and should not be delayed by taking it froni the post-office. Sec. 346. City Directory to be Used to Ascertain Addresses, when. — In cities where a directory is published it must be used when necessary to ascertain the address of persons to whom letters are directed (and it should also be used in the case of transient newspapers and other matter of the third and fourth classes, where the error in or omission of street addi'ess is evidently the result of iuadverteuce or ignorance) ; but when circulars, j)riuted postal cards, or other matter (except letters) shall arrive at any post-office in large quantities, which have apparently all been sent by the same person or firm, and from which the street addresses have been purposely omitted, the directory need not be used to supply such omission, and all of such cii'culars, etc., which cannot be readily delivered through boxes or by carriers shall be sent to gen- eral delivery to await call. Sec. 347. Carriers to Receive Letters for Mailing. — Carriers are reqiiired, while on their rouuds, to receive all letters prepaid by postage-stamps that may be handed to them for mailing, but are strictly forbidden to delay their deliveries bj^ waiting for STich letters, or to receive money to pay postage on letters handed them for mailing. Sec. 348. What Carriers may not do. — Carriers are forbiddeu to deliver auy mailable matter which has not passed through the post-office or station with which they are connected, or to exhibit any mail-matter intrusted to them (except on the order of the postmaster or some one authorized to act for him) to persons other than those addressed, or to deviate from their respective routes, or to carry letters in their pockets, or to engage in any business not connected with this service dui-ing their hours of business. Sec. 349. Return of Undelivered Matter. — Every letter or package that cannot be delivered shall be returned to the post-office or station by the carrier, who shall write upon it the reason for its non-delivery, the initials of his name, and the number of his district. Sec. 350. Holiday and Evening Delivery. — The "windows in connection with the carriers' department must be opened for the delivery of mail-matter diuiug office-hours on Sundays, holidays, and in the evening after the last street delivery. Sec. 351. Tests of Carriers' Efficiency. — The delivery and collection of mail-matter must be tested at frequent and irregular intervals, and carriers must be held to a strict accountability for any omissiou or neglect in these particulars. Sec. 352. Prompt and Frequent Deliveries Required. — The mtmber of daily delivery and collection trips by carriers must not be reduced without the authorization of the Department. Letters must l)e frequently and promptly delivered by the car- riers, so that citizens may have no inducement to call at the post-office. Citizens supplied by carriers should be induced to provide receiving-boxes at their houses and places of business. Sec. 353. Limited Sale of Stamps by Carriers. — Postmastere must not re- quire nor permit carriers to sell postage-stamps or stamped-envelopes, except in limited quantities ; but under no circumstances must they delay their deliveries or collections to make change. Sec. 354. Branch Post-offices or Postal Stations. — Application for the estab- lisluneut of branch jiosl -offices or postal stations must be nuide to the First Assistant Postniaster-(;eueral, setting fcnih iu full tlu^ necessity ;uid expeuse tliereof. Sec. 355. Mails between Stations and the General Post-Office. — The mails from the post-office to the stations, and return, must be conveyed with the greatest ])racticnble dis])atcli, and ))y the nutst expeditious routes. Sec. 356. Advertised Letters. — The advertised list of letters must desig- nate those remainiug at the post-office, and those remaining at each station. Such TITLE II I'().ST-OFFICE« AND TOSTMASTEKS. lOl letters must bo iltiliverod wlioii ciilloil for, and tlio iiddressoes iiiforiucd tliut, if tlicy will leave their address, their letters will iu future be promptly sent to them by earners, fre(> of eluujic. Sec. 357. Care of Street Mailing-Boxes. — Street mailing-boxes imist be kept in repair, ami in a neat condition, and (irmly fastened to the post. A list nuist 1)0 kept in tin* ]U)st-ortice of their number aTid loeation. Sec. 358. Postmasters to inspect Stations. — The .statioii.s must be fre- (piently visited by the postmasti^r, or by some one designated by him, who shall .see that these rogulatious are enforced, and that proper order and discipline are main- tained. Sec. 359. Carriers' Daily Return of Property and Mail. — After the last daily delivery, the carriers nnist return their satchels, keys, and all the mail-matter they cannot deliver to the i)ost-olhco or station with which they are connected. Carriers must bo held to the strictest accountability for the keys to the street mailing-boxes intrusted to them, the loss of Avhich will be regarded as a grave offense, and render them liable to removal. Sec. 360. Carriers must not return Deposited Letters. — Carriers are for- bidden, under any circumstances, to return to any person whatever letters deposited in the street mailing-boxes. Sec. 361. Delivery of Registered Letters by Carriers. — Postmasters will hand to the letter-cari-iers, for delivery, all registered letters (excepting those ad- dressed to box-holders), requiring them first to sign their names in the last column of the record-of-registered-matter-received-and-delivered. The carriers will, on the de- livery of every such letter, require the i)orsou receiving it to sign the registry-return receipt, and also a receiiit for the same in the carriers'-registry-delivery-book. Car- riers must exercise the ntmost caution in the delivery of these letters to the party addressed, or to some responsilile person whom they know to be authorized to receive them. See also sections 866-870. Sec. 362. Postmasters to supervise Carrier Service. — Postmasters will see that the superintendents of carriers' stations, and the carriers and clerks connected with this service, are informed of the highly responsible character of the duties re- quired of them. They will issue, from time to time, such orders and instructions as may he found necessary to carry out these regulations and to maintain proper order. The carrier ilisobeying such orders will be reprimanded by the postmaster, or reported for removal to the First Assistant Postmaster-General, as the case may require. Sec. 363. Arrest of Persons found Tampering with Boxes. — Postmasters will arrange with the police authorities of their several cities for the arrest of all persons iu citizens' dress found tampering with or collecting from the street mailing- boxes; also, of all persons wearing the carriers' uniform (including the carriers), found tampering with or collecting from the boxes at other than the usual and regu- lar colleetion rounds, of which the police authorities nnist be kept informed. Sec. 364. "Cave Canem" — "Beware of the Dog." — Carriers are not re- quired to run the risk of being bitten by dangerous dogs in delivering mail-matter. Persons keeping such dogs must call at the post-otfice for their mail, or if they wish it delivered at their houses, must satisfy the postmaster that it is safe for the carrier to so deliver it. Sec. 365. Supplies for Carrier Post-Offices. — Street mailing-boxes, blank- books, blank-forms, and carriers' satchels will be furnished on application to the First Assistant Postmaster-General ; and locks and keys for street mailing-boxes on applica- tion to the Second Assistant Postmaster-General. All other letters relating to this branch of the service must be addressed to the First Assistant Postmaster-General. Sec. 366. Manner of Keeping Books. — IJlank books furnished for this branch of the service must be conectly and neatly kept according to their design, and bo at all times subject to examination by the Special Agents of this Department, 102 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. CHAPTER NINE. DISTRIBUTION AND DISPATCH OF ORDINARY DOMESTIC MAIL- MATTER. Sec. 367. Postmasters to receive and. dispatcli mail matter. 368. Time of closing the mail. 369. Piefereuce given to letters over other mail- matter, when. 370. Penalty for unlawfully detaining mail-matter. 371. Prepaid matter to be forwarded, if requested. 372. Erroneously delivered redirected matter to be forwarded. 373. Letters mailed under cover to postmasters, how treated. 374. Postmasters to receipt for copyright matter. 375. Postage-stamps to be canceled. 376. Eetum-stamps on return-postal-cards and let- ter-enveloj)es. 377. Manner of canceling stamps. 378. Treatment of matter bearing canceled or im- proper stamps. 379. All mail-matter other than second class to be postmarked. 380. Impressions to be taken of the dated stamps. 381. How to secure legible stamping. 382. Treatment of first-class matter received in bad order. 383. Distribution and dispatch of mails. 384. INo changes except in cases of emergency. 38.5, Distribution of mails by schemes. 386. What States should be distributed. 387. Mail to be ihade up by States. 388. Local mail for raih'oad and steamboat lines. 389. Other than local mail sent to railroad and steamboat lines. Sec. 390. Making up local mail for railway lines. 391. Make direct packages for horse routes. 392. Making up mail beyond last post-office on stage route. 393. Letters for delivery and distribution in sepa- rate packages. 394. Direct packages. 395. Letters must not be placed in pouch loose. 396. Facing slips to be used. 397. Checking errors. 398. Disposition of slips received. 399. Absence of slips on packages or in sacks. 400. Slips and schemes furnished. 401. Report of uuworked mail received. 402. Report of all irregularities. 403. No through pouches by mail trains. 404. Changes in forwarding mads. 405. Hooks prohibited in handling mail-bags. 406. Letters with stamps canceled not to be re- turned. 407. Letters not to be placed under straps of pouches. 408. Printed labels furnished to be returned. 409. Application for printed labels. 410. Time of closing mails. 411 Pouches to be examined. 412. Mails stopping overnight. U^ For instructions as to the distribution and dispatch of registered matter, see Title V- |!y° Por instruction as to the dispatch of foreign mails, see Title VII. Sec. 367. Postmasters to Receive and Dispatch Mail-matter. — Every post- master shall keep an [post] office in which one or more i)ersons shall be on dnty during such hours of each day as the Postmaster-General may di- rect, for the purpose of receiving, delivering, making up, and forwarding all mail-matter received thereat. (K, S., § 3839.) Sec. 368. Time of Closing the Mails, — All letters brought to any post- oflice half an hour before the time for the departure of the mail shall be forwarded therein ; but at [post] offices where, in tlie opinion of the Post- master-General, iiKU'e time for making up the mail is recpiired, he may prescribe accordingly, not e-\cecding one liour, (li. S., § 3840.) Sec. 369. Preference given to Letters over other Mail-matter., — AVhen the amount of mail-matter to be carried on any mail-route is so great as to seriously retard the progress or endanger the security of the letter-mail, or materially increase tlie cost of carriage at the ordinary rate of speed, tlie Postmaster-General may provide for the separate carriage of the letter-mail at the usual rate of speed ; but the other mail-matter shall TITLE II rOST-OFFICES AND TOSTMASTERS. 103 uot bo delayed any more than is absolutely necessary, liavin;;- due re- gard to the cost of expedition and the means at his disposal for [affect- in(j\ [elVectiu-J the sanu'. (K. S., § ;'.!l!»4.) Sec. 370. Penalty for Unlawfully Detaining Mail-matter. — Any i)ostmaster who shall unlawfully detain in his [post] office any letter or other mail- matter, the postiufi" of which is not prohibited by law, with intent to prevent the arrival and delivery of the same to the per.son to whom it is addressed, shall be punishable by a fine of not more than five hun- dred dollars, and by imprisonment for not more than six mouths, and he shall be forcA er thereafter incapable of holding the ollice of post- master. (K. S., § ;i89(K) Sec. 371. Prepaid Matter to be Forwarded if Requested. — Prepaid letters shall be forwarded from one post-oftice to another, at the request of the l»arty addressed, without additional charge for postage. (R. S., § 3940.) All letters upon which oue full rate of postage has beeu prepaid shall, and all other fully prepaid matter may be forwarded at the request of the party addressed, without additional cliarjie for ])ostao;p. Sec. 372. Erroneously Delivered, Redirected Matter to be Forwarded. — When auy article of mail-matter is taken from the post-otfice, or delivered by a carrier, the connection of the ])ost-office has presumptively terminated. If, however, such matter shall nave been erroneously delivered, or being addressed to the care of another per- son shall be immediately returned by him redirected, it shall be the duty of the post- master to forward or redeliver such matter without extra charge. Sec. 373 Letters mailed under cover to Postmaster — how treated. — Inas- much as by law all first-class matter on which one full rate of postage is prepaid must be forwarded, it is the duty of a postmaster to forward such mail-matter which may reach him under cover from any other post-office with or without request to mail the same. Before forwarding such matter he should cancel the stamps and indorse iu writing on the reverse side of such matter the following : " Rkceived at , rxDER COVER FRO.^I THE POST-OFFICE AT . TO BE FORWARDED IX THE MAIL." Sec. 374. Postmasters to Receipt for Copyright Matter. — The postmaster to whom any \such] copyright book, title, or other article is delivered, shall, if requested, give a receipt therefor ; and when so delivered he shall mail it to its destination. (R. S., § 4901.) Sec. 375. Postage-stamps to be Canceled. — Postage-stamps affixed to all maU-matter or the stamjied envelopes iu which the same is inclosed shall, Avhen deposited for mailing or delivery, be defaced by the post- master at the mailing [i^ostj office, in such manner as the Postmaster- General may direct ; and if any mail-matter shall be forwarded without the stamps or envelopes being so defaced, the postmaster at the office of delivery shall deface them, and report the deUnquent postmaster to the Postmaster-General. (R. S., § 3921.) Sec. 376. Return Stamps on Postal-cards and Letter-envelopes. — Should re- turn postal cards and return letter envelopes be issued by the Department, the retitru stamps must not be canceled until the matter is deposited in some post-office for re- turn to the sender. See section 143. Sec. 377. Manner of Canceling Stamps. — The cancellation or defacing required by section 375 must be ettected by the use of black printing-ink, wherever that material can be obtained; and where it cannot, the operation should be performed 104 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. by making several heavy crosses or parallel lines upon each stamp, with a pen dippe.i in good black writing-ink. The use of the office rating or postmarking stamp as a canceling instrument is positively prohibited, inasmuch as the postmark, when im- pressed on the postage-stamj), is usually indistinct, and the cancellation effected therelty is imperfect. See. 378. Treatment of Matter Bearing Canceled or Improper Stamps. — When matter bearing previously-used stamps is deposited for mailing, and the post- master can identify the mailing party without violating the seal of such matter, it is his duty to bring the case to the notice of the United States district attorney, that the offender may be prosecuted. If the person mailing such matter cannot be identi- fied as above, then it should be treated as held for postage. Mail-matter bearing stamps other than postage-stamps, or stamps cut from stamped envelopes, newspaper wrappers, or from postal cards, should be treated as held for postage. Mutilated stamps and fractional x>arts of postage-stamps and postage-due stamps cannot be recognized in prepayment of postage. For exam^de, a letter or package to which one two-cent stamp and the half of another two-cent stamp are affixed cannot be consid- ered as having been iirepaid three cents, but only two cents ; and a letter or package on which eighteen cents postage is chargeable cannot be prepaid in full by affixing a six-cent stamp and the half of a twenty-four-cent stamp. Sec. 379. All Mail-matter other than Second Class to be Postmarked. — All mailable matter (except that of tlie second class) deposited in any post-office for mail- ing or delivery must bear a postmark giving the name of the post-office and an abbre- viation of the name of the State (and on first-class matter the date of deposit); and all letters received from other offices or post-offices for delivery or for redistribution to other offices or post-offices must be postmarked on the reverse side, ■with the date and, when possible, the hour on which they are received. But in the case of packages of letters from other offices or post-offices, received to be forwarded intact to the post- offices of final destination, the facing-slips only will be postmarked at the post-offices through which they pass. Missent matter of any class, received at any post-office, must be postmarked Avith the date of receipt before the same is forwarded to its i^roper destination. First-class post-offices may be exempted from the operations of this sec- tion if upon evidence satisfactory to the Postmaster-General they shall show it to be impracticable to comply with its provisions. Sec. 380. Impressions to be taken of the Dated Stamp. — The figures of the dated stamp must be carefully adjusted at the beginning of each day; and as soon as this has been done, a clear impression must be made in a book specially provided for the purjjose, so as to afford evidence of the coiTect discharge of this duty : special care must be taken not to omit the Sunday impression of the stamp. If the stamp is fitted with letters and figures indicating the hour at which any let-ter amves or in dis- patched, care must be taken to change them punctually at the ai)pointed periods. If this is not done, the postmaster maj' often be blamed for a delay which has not occurred at his post-office. An impression must be made in the book provided of every dated stamp used T)y the jiostmaster throughout the day, and each impression should be taken iuunediately a change is made either in the date or hour. Sec. 381. How to secure Legible Stamping. It is necessary, not only that the impression of every official stamp should bo legible, but that it should be perfect in every particular; so that each letter and figure of the stamp maybe quite clear. To effect this, attention must be paid to the following points: The stamp must bo kept perfectly clean, which may be done most effectually by brushing it with a brush slightly wetted and dipped in powdered potash or soda. Typo which has been used must be cleaned before it is replaced in the box. The stamp should bo held firndy in the hand and struck upon the letter with a light sharp Idow; care being taken not to let the stamp fall upon the inipression made at another post-office. It is in the power of any person, by attention and [)ractice, to become a good and rapid 8tani]>or. Sec. 382. Treatment of First-class Matter received in bad order — All mail- TITLE II I'OST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 105 matter of the first class deposited in or received at any i)ost-iit1iie unsealed or in a mutilated or otlierwiee bad condition must be stamped or marked with the name of the post-office, date, and the words •' Received unsealed" or "Received in bad order," as the (iise may be, and bo resoaled before beiufj forwarded or delivered. Sec. 383. Distribution and Dispatch of Mails.— In the distribution and e made to the Superintendent of Railway Mail Service for the division in which the post-office may be situated. Sec. 385. Distribution of Mails by Schemes.— Postmasters will carefully distribute and make up mails by the official schemes which may be furnished them, and will conform to any changes that may be made in same by the Suiierintendent of the Division, and will make up and exchange only such pouches as may be ordered by him. But such post-offices may be excepted from the requirements of this section as the General Su])eri7itendent may direct. Sec. 386. What States should be Distributed.— A distribution or separa- tion should be made of mail only for such States or portions of States as can be ad- vanced or expedited by reason of such distribution. Sec. 387. Mail to be made up by States. — All mail for States of which no distribution is made must be made up "by States" (and facing-slips used, in accord- ance with section 896); that is, letter and circular mail for each State must be made up in packages, and newspaper mail in canvas sacks, by itself, and the name of the State marked on the slip covering the package or tag attached to the sack. Sec. 388. Local Mail for Railroad and Steamboat Lines. — Mail to be for- warded to local post-offices on railroad or steamboat lines should Ite made up in pack- ages, addressed to the proper railway or steamboat office, and containing only the local mail 8U])])lied by that line, as given in the official schemes. Sec. 389. Other than Local Mail Sent to Railroad and Steamboat Lines. — All other mail, not local, sent to or via such lines, should bo nuide by States, if sitfflcient to do so, and if not, then put all in one package, addressed with the name of the rail- way (or steamboat) office in whose pouch it is forwarded, adding "State of ," to indicate that it contains other than local. Sec. 390. Making up Local Mail for Railway Lines. — Post-offices on railroad lines, in making up local mail for such line, will make two packages, one for the train going north or south, east or Avest, as the case may be, and, in addressing the pack- ages, will add the direction in which it is intended to be sent. Sec. 391. Make Direct Packages for Horse-routes. — In making up mail to be forwarded by a horse or stage route, a direct package should be tied out for each post-office, including the last one, on such route, so as to facilitate the handling of the mail by the intermediate post-otlices. Sec. 392. Making up Mail beyond last Post-office on Stage-route. — Mail from a post-office on and to be forwarded by a horse or stage route and beyond the last post-office on such route, should be made up " by States," as far as i)ossible, or if 106 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. uot sufficient to do so, then in one package, marking the name of such hist post-office on the slip covering the same and adding the abbreviation "Dis.," to indicate that the package is for distribution. Sec. 393. Letters for Delivery and Distribution in Separate Packages. — Let- ter and circular mail for delivery and mail for distribution at a post-office must alwaj^s be made up in separate packages. Sec. 394. Direct Packages. — Making a direct package is placing all let- ters for one post-office in a package by themselves, with a plainly-addressed letter for such post-office faced out on each side. Sec. 395. Letters must not be placed in Pouch Loose. — Letter and circular mail must always be properly " faced up " and tied in packages, and never placed in the pouch loose. Sec. 396. Facing-slips to be used. — Facing-slips must be placed upon aU packages of letters and circulars, and in each canvas sack of newspapers, the same to be securely tied on the package, or if newspapers, placed in the sack, and have on each the address or destination of the package or sack, the post-mark, with date and time of close or dispatch, and the name of the person making up the same. Sec. 397. Checking Errors. — All errors found in the distribution of a package of letters or in a sack of newspapers must be noted on the reverse side of the slip covering or inside of the same, giving the name of the post-office and State, and the county, when included in the superscription, adding thereto the name of the per- son noting the errors, and postmark with date. Sec. 398. Disposition of Slips received. — All slips received upon packages of letter or circular mail or in sacks of newspaper mail must be preserved and for- warded to the Division Superintendent. First and second class post-offices will for- ward such slips daily, and all other post-offices at the end of each week. SUps ou which errors are checked should be forwarded in sealed official penalty-envelopes. Sec. 399. Absence of Slips on Packages or in Sacks. — If no slips are re- ceived on the packages or in sacks, notify Division Superintendents, stating, if possible, the office or post-office from which the mail was received, and if newspaper mail, forward the label received on the sack. Sec. 400. Slips and Schemes furnished. — Postmasters can obtain facing- slips from the Superintendent Railway Mail Service in whose division their post-offices are located ; also, official schemes of distribution, or any information relating to the same. Sec. 401. Report of Unworked Mail received. — Postmasters will report to the Di\-ision Superintendent all mail sent to their post-offices which should have been distributed and made up by railway mail employes, forwarding with report the slips covering the same, or if newspaper mail, the labels received on the sacks. Sec. 402. Report of all Irregularities. — They will also promptly report to the Division Superintendent any and all irregularities in the receipt of mails for or at their post-offices, and any other irregularity aflfecting the proper dispatch or for- warding of nuiils which may be brought to their attention. Sec. 403. No Through Pouches by Mail-trains Postmasters will not make any through iioiiclics to l)e forwarded by mail-trains unless specially instructed to do so. The mail sliould be jjroperly made up and placed in tlui pouch for the railway mail employ^. Sec. 404. Changes in Forwarding Mails. — Any changes which i)ostinasters thiuk should be made in the for\varnti()u. Sec. 405. Hooks prohibited in Handling Mail-bags. — The use of hooks in liandling jjiail-bags is forbidden. TITLE II I'OS'I'-OFFICKS AND POSTMASTKKS. 1()7 Sec. 406. Letters with Stamps canceled not to be returned. — After cancel- ing: the stiinips a jiostm.istcr iiiiisf not rctnrii the; letter to the jxji-son ninilin^ it for liini to take to tlic train. It ninst he forwarded in the i)on(li, as railway mail eni- ))loyt^s are jirohihited Ironi reeeivinjf it; and any person offering; Hneh letter to an eni])li>y('- for iii.iillM,^ is niiilty oC a iriisili'nir;nior iindci- the law. See section Ti.Vi. Sec. 407. Letters not to be placed under Strap of Pouches. — After ])()uches are closed and dispatched from a post-ollieo lettei's must not Ini placed nnder the strap or attached to the outside of the ])ouch. If this is done at the depot inform the mail messenj;er, and have the practice discontinued. Sec. 408. Printed Labels furnished to be Returned. — Printed wooden labels for sacks of newspaper mail and i)rinted slide-labels for pouches must he taken oif when the sacks or pouches are opened, and returned by first mail to the i)()st-o(hce or lino from which they were received, the wooden lal>ols to be classed with newspaper mail and the slide-labels as letter mail. Under no circumstances are auy of such labels to be defaced or destroyed. Sec. 409. Application for Printed Labels. — Postmasters will send to Division .Superiuteudeut lists of such printed wooden or slide labels as may be needed for vise at their post-offices. Sec. 410. Time of Closing Mails. — Mails at first-class post-ofiices are to he closed not more than one hour aud at all other offices not more than half an hour before the schedule time of departure of trains, unless such departure is betweeu the hours of 9 p. m. and 5 a. m., when they can be closed at 9 p. m. The jjost-office at New York City is excepted from the requirement of this section. Sec. 411. Pouches to be examined. — When a pouch or canvas is opened it should be carefully examined to see that no mail is left therein. Sec. 412. Mail stopping overnight — When the mail stops overnight where there is a post-ofilice, it must he kept in the post-office, except at points where otherwise ordered by the Departmeut. CHAPTER TEN. SUPERINTENDENTS OF MAILS AT POST-OFFICES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND CLASS. Sec. Sec. 413. Appointmeut of Superiutenilents of Mails. | 416. Examination of slips. 414. General duties of Superintendents of Mails. ; 417. Postmasters to be furnished witli tho record. 415. Kecord and report of errors in distribution. | Sec. 413. Appointment of Superintendent of Mails. — The General Super- intendent of the Railway Mail Servict; of the Post-Office Department shall designate post-offices of the tirst and second classes at which clerks shall be appointed to super- inteiul the distributicm of mails, and to bo known by the title of " Supeiintendeut of Mails," who shall be appointed upon the nomination of said General Superiuteudeut of Railway ilail Service, approved by the rostnKister-C4eneral. Sec. 414. General Duties of Superintendents of Mails. — Where superin- tendeuts of mails are designated, they will have entire charge of tho distribution and dispatch of all mails at such post-offices. They will see that tho distribution of the post-office is done in accordance with the latest official schemes ; that such schemes are kept corrected to date, as per changes issued by Division Superintendents ; that case examiuations of distributing clerks on the official schemes of distribution are kept up. 108 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 415. Record and Report of Errors in Distribution. — Siiperiuteudeiits of mails will keep a record of the errors made by each distributing clerk in a post. office and report the same to the postmaster at the end of each month, or oftener, if he desires. He Avill also report all case examinations had in like manner. Sec. 416. Examination of Slips. — Superintendents of mails will examine the slips on which errors in distribution hav^e been noted, returned to the post-office by the Division Superintendent, and will, after making a record of the same, retiirn them to the clerks by whom the distril)ution was made. Sec. 417. Postmasters to be Furnished With the Record of Errors. — The superintendent of mails must work in harmony with the other departments of the post-office at which he is designated, and endeavor by every means to promote its effi- ciency as Avell as that of the service. He will also keep the postmaster advised of the record both of errors in distribution and of the result of case examinations, as well as the general efficiency of each clerk under his supervision. CHAPTER ELEVEN. CASE EXAMINATION OF POST-OFFICE CLERKS. Sec. I Sec. 418. Case ex.aminations of distributing clerks. 423. Slips witli errors noted to be compared wiMi 419. N.ature of case ex.aminations. schemes. 420. Verbal examination of clerks. 424. Monthly reports of case examinations. 421. Postmasters' order-hook. 425. Incompetent distributing clerks to he re- 422. Orders to be signed by clerks. I moved. Sec. 418. Case Examinations of Distributing Clerks. — With the view of having distributing clerks become familiar with schemes of distribution, and thereby increase their knowledge of the distribution as well as the efficiency of the service, post- masters at first and second class post-offices will require distributing clerks in their post-offices to be examined from time to time on schemes of such States as are required to be distributed at their post-offices. Sec. 419. Nature of Case Examinations. — These examinations will consist of the distribution, from memory, and into a case for that purpose, of cards, representing the counties or post-offices of any State of which distribution is made, and in accord- ance with the official schemes. After the cards have been distributed they nuist bo examined l)y some person thoroughly acquainted with the distribution of such State. Sec. 420. Verbal Examination of Clerks. — Clerks should also be sharply questioned as to the proper routes to which mails are dispatched from their post-offices after they are made up, and also respecting such orders relating to tlio making up and dispatch of mails as may have, from time to time, been given them. Sec. 421. Postmasters' Order-Book. — Postmasters at first and second class post-offices will keep an order-book, in which all orders relating to the making up and dispatch of mails at their post-offices, all official cluuiges in schemes which are received from Division Supcriutcndont, are to be inserted by record or otherwise, and require distributing clerks to ex.amine the s.ame daily. Sec. 422. Orders to be Signed by Clerks. — Each order should be signed by all the distri))nting chu'lvs .as an indication that it has been oxamini'd. Sec. 423. Slips with Errors noted to be Compared with Schemes. — All slips on which errors are noted which have been returned to the postmaster by the Division Superintendent must be carefully compared with the schemes and orders by which the distribution was made and a record kept of the same, the slips being returned to the clerk making such distribution. TITLE II I'OST-OFFICES AND TOSTMASTERS. 10!) Sec. 424. Monthly Reports of Case Examinations. — A report inu.st be made at the end of «.':icli inontli to tlit; Gt-iienil SiipiTintciulcut of tlio Kaihvay Mail Service for thi> iiit'orination of tlit^ Di'j>artiii('nt, of tin- result of all cii,si» cxaiiiiiiations ami the record of errors of each dislril>unii;j;-c!crk in the iHi.st-ollice. Sec. 425. Incompetent Distributing-clerks to be Removed. — \\'lien tlic rec- ord of case examinations and errors made in the distribution and forwarding of the mails by any clerk iu the post-office is l)elow what is required for the correct perform- ance of such duties, snch clerk must not be continued in that position, but a more competeut jiersou must be assigned to the i)lace. CHAPTER TWELVE. RECEIVING AND DISPATCHING MAILS AT CATCHER POST-OFFICES. Sec. 426. Cranes aud catcher-pouches. 427. How to preiuire pouches and hang them on the crane. 428. Catcher-pouches to he used for no other pur- Ijose. Sec. 429. Only fifty pounds of mail allowed in catcher- pouches. 430. Special instructions to xwstmasters served hy catchers. Sec. 426. Cranes and Catcher-Pouchers. — For the piirijose of exchanging mails at certain way aud flag .stations between the post-offices at these places and the railway offices, without an abatement or loss of speed of the train, the Post-Office Department has introduced the use of a "mail-catcher," causing the erection at each of such stations of a " crane" on which the pouch to be exchanged by the postmasters is to be hung, and has furnished a supply of canvas pouches with rings attached to both top and bottom, and strap with buckle attached to the center; these pouches to be used only in making such exchanges. Sec. 427. How to Prepare Pouches and Hang them on the Crane. — 1st. The pouch or mail-bag should be prepared iu the following manner. If only a small mail is to lie sent let it remain in the bottom of the pouch, but if a large mail is to be sent di- vide it, put part in the top, but most in the bottom.. Buckle the strap around the center of pouch M. In case the strap is gone, tie the middle of the pouch, as seen iu the dia- gram. It is worse than useless to haug up a bag crammed full like a bag of grain. 2d. Haug the bottom of the pouch on the upper iron S of the crane A, turn all directly to the track, then lift lower arm B and place the iron S iu the ring of the pouch, slip the socket down the stem until there is sufficieut strain on the jiouch to hold it from blowing down. If a strong wind is blowing, tie the pouch to the two irons S, by the rings, with one strand of ordinary post-office twine. Hang the pouch lock end down. 3d. \Yhen the service occurs in the night, or between suuset and snurise, haug a light on or near the crane. This is important. Sec. 428. Catcher-pouches to be Used for no other Purpose. — These canvas 110 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. pouches were manufactured expressly and only for such exchanges, and must be used for no other purj^ose. It is absolutely necessary that a prompt and regular exchange of the same pouches be always kept up, and employes of the Railway Mail Service are instructed to report to their Division Superintendent every case where a postmaster fails to return to the railway office the pouch last given him. Sec. 429. Only Fifty Pounds of Mail allowed in Catcher-pouches. — The catch- ers are especially designed to take on the trains for distribution and dispatch letter- mail, but paper and other mail may be inclosed to a maximum weight of fifty pounds. If more than this weight is to be sent, as at post-offices where paper's are published, the paper mail should be sacked and sent by local train to the nearest express stop, thence placed in the mail-cars. Sec. 430. Special Instructions to Postmasters Served hy Catchers. — Post- masters at post-offices at which mail-trains do not stop, and which are supplied by " catcher service," will carefully comply with the following instructions : 1st. See that none but "catcher "-pouches .are used. 2d. After the mail is placed in the pouch and locked, see that the x^ouch is seciu-ely strapped or tied around the middle. 3d. See that the pouch is secui-ely suspended on the crane, with the lock downward, not exceeding ten minutes before the schedule time of arrival of the train. 4th. If from any cause the pouch should not be caught by the train and a pouch is put off, return the extra pouch to the next mail-train by securing it to the pouch in which the mail is sent and strapping or tying the two pouches jiogether at the middle as one pouch. 5th. Under no circumstances should "catcher "-pouches be sent out ui)on any stage or horseback routes, or used for any other purpose tlian to exchange mails where trains do not stop. 6th. Postmasters must not permit "catcher "-pouches to accumulate at their post- offices, but must return them to the mail-trains at once. 7th. If the crane at your st.ation should get out of position or repair so as to inter- fere witli the exchange of mails, report the fact at once to the Division Superintend- ent, so that the attention of the railroad company can be called to the matter. CHAPTER THIRTEEN. DISPOSAL OF UNMAILABLE, UNDELIVERED, AND DEAD MAIL- MATTER. Sec. 431. Unmailable matter to be sent to the Dead- Letter Office. 432. Defluition and cla.ssiflcation of uumailable matter. 433. Definition and clasaiflcation of dead matter. 434. First-class matter not to be held unmailablo on mere suspicion. 435. Unmailablo matter from r.ailw.ay offices, how treated. 436. Uumailable matter inadvertently forwai'ded, how treated. 437. Postmasters to return unmaihible matter to senders. 438. Matter returned to senders at other post- offices. 439. Held for postage matter tliat cannot bo re- turned to sender. Sec. 440. 441. 442. 443. 444. 445. 446. 44T. 448. 449. 450. 451. 4.^0 Disposition of destructive unniailabhi matter. Send unmailablo matter promptly to Dead Letter Office. How matter must be sent to the Dead-Letter Office. How to make up and transmit returns of uu mailable mattei'. Advertisement of unclaimed and luidelivered matter. Advertising foreign letters. Disj)layiug lists of advertised letters. Pay for advortisbig letters. Chai'go on advertised letters. Advertisement of un<;laimed matter. Matter th.at sho\rtd not bo advertised. Form of the advertisement. Advertisements iu newsiiapors. TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. Ill Soc. I Sec. 453. Ailvortisod iiiiittcr to ho 8<) mavkoil. [ 470. 454. Letters from Dead- Letter Oflico to be adver- tised. 471. 4.')5. yietitioua matter not to bo advertised. 472. 450. Keqiie.st matter. 473. 4.")7. Card matter. 474. 4."i8. Postasie must be prepaid on card and request 475. ninKer. 470. 459. Unilainied orticial matter to bo treated a.s 477. card matter. 478. 400. Postmasters' letters to be treated as card 479. letters. i 480. 401. Date of arrival and return of card matter. 481. 402. Collection of postage on short-i)aid letumed 482. card matter. 483. 463. Local letters not returned to another post- i 484. oflice. ' 464. Disposition of hotel card matter. 485. 405. Return of other than first-class caid and re- quest matter. 486. 466. Matter unclaimed after return to sender. 467. Di.sjjosition of mlssent matter. 487. 468. Authority of Postmaster-General to kill let- ters. 488. 409. Final disposition of imclaimed matter. 489. Undelivered matter to show reason for non- delivery. Disposition of refused sccond-i'lass matter. Disposition of otlu-r refused matter. Ketui-n of "no unclaiiiu'd and refused matter.' ' Stiiteinents of uuelainie) Fraudulent, or that (registered nuxtter only) which the Postmaster-General has specially ordered to be withheld from delivery and returned to the writer, because the parties addressed are engaged in obtaining money under false pretenses by the use of the mails. Mail-matter not registered must never bo treated as fraudulent. See section 875. Sec. 434. First-class Matter not to be Held Unmailable on mere Suspicion. — Postmasters are specially warned that they have no right to detain first-class matter upon the mere suspicion tliat it contains articles forbidden to be sent in the mails. Neither will they, under any circumstances, be justified in breaking the seal of any letter or itaclcago to ascertain whether or not unmailable matter is inclosed. , See section 5:^U. Sec. 435. Unmailable Matter from Railway Offices, how Treated. — Postmas- ters receiving any articU* of unnuiilable matter from a railway oHice will ilispose of it in the same manner as if it had been deposited in their own i)ost-ofiices for mailing. Sec. 436. Unmailable Matter Inadvertently Forwarded, how Treated. — If any matter which should have been detained as " held for postage," " i-xcess of weight and size," "coin," or as "lottery" (see o, c, e, aud g, section 4:52), shall have, through TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 113 inadvertence, been forwrtnled from the post-oHiee of mailiii;;, it must notbe .stop]>ed in transit. 8n«',li as bears a foreign .itlilress will be intercepted by the poNtinaster at the exchange post-otHee and treated as hereinafter provided. (See section 443.) Miadi- rected, destructive, and obscene matter (see h, d, and /, section 4:{2), and all matter found h)08e in the mails, should, liowever, be detained by any i>ostmaster into whose hands it may fall. Sec. 437. Postmasters to Return Unmailable Matter to Senders. — It is tlie duty of postmasters at whose post-oflices any mail-matter is detained as unmailable under any of the classes enumerated in section A'\2 (except / and .) In lTnitexiia^e most used by them, which shall be selected in the manner ])res('ribed in the ])receding section. (R. S., § 30.31.) Sec. 446. Displaying Lists of Advertised Letters. — Every postmaster shall \2)nsf] [display] in a conspicuous place in his office a copj" of each list of non-delivered letters immediately after its publication. (K. S., § 3033.) Sec. 447. Pay for Advertising Letters. — The compensation for publishing the list of non-delivered letters shall in no case exceed one cent for each letter so published. (K. S., § 3034.) Sec. 448. Charge on Advertised Letters. — All letters published as non- delivered shall be charged with one cent in addition to the regular post- age, to be accounted for as part of the postal revenue. (R. S., § 3935.) The charge provided for by this section is only to be made when compensation is paid for advertising letters by virtue of an order of the Third Assistant Postmaster- General in accordance with section 444. See also section 452. Sec. 449. Advertisement of Unclaimed Matter. — At post-offices of the fourth class unclaimed matter of the first class only, except "card" and "request" letters, and all valuable matter of the third and fourth classes shall be advertised monthly, and when practicable such advertising should take place upon the first day of the month. At all other post-offices such matter shall be advertised weekly, and where practicable such advertising should take place on Monday. Sec. 450. Matter that should not be Advertised. — Each advertisement should include all the matter indicated in the preceding section on hand at the time of advertising, except such as is intended for persons who caU regularly at the post- office, or where it is indorsed To be held until called for, Poste restante, or words to that effect ; or where the postmaster has special reason to believe that it will be called for, or where he has been requested by the party addressed to retain it. In such cases it may be held for a period not exceeding two months, after which it should be advertised. But whenever any matter is so held it must be plainly marked " Spe- ciuUif held for (leJivcrj/." Sec. 451. Form of the Advertisement. — The advertising of unclaimed matter shall be effected by placing conspicuously in the post-office one or more printed or manuscript lists of the names of the persons to whom such matter is addressed. The names on such list or lists shall be arranged alphabetically, and where there is any considerable number the names of the ladies and gentlemen shall be in separate lists. The third and fourth class matter should always be advertised in a list sepa- rate from the letters, with approjtriate headings. Sec. 452. Advertisements in Newspapers. — If the publisher of any news- paper desires to publish such advertised list gratuitously, it shall be the duty of post- nuisters to furnish a copy for that purpose, and if more than one publisher desires to do so a copy should be furnished to all simultaneously. No expense must be incurred in the advertising of unclaimed matter, nor any fee charged upon delivery of the same excejit by special permission from the Third Assistant Postmaster-GeneraL 116 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 453. Advertised Matter to be so Marked. — Every letter or parcel advertised must have plainly written or stamped upon the address side the word Ad- vertised together with the date of advertising. Sec. 454. Letters from Dead-Letter Office to be Advertised. — Letters and other matter returned from the Dead-Letter Office direct to the sender, should be advertised, and, if not called for, be treated as ordinary unclaimed matter. Sec. 455. Fictitious Matter not to be Advertised. — Fictitious matter should uf)t be advertised, but should be sent to the Dead-Letter Office weekly from all post- offices to which it is addressed. Such matter must not be detained at the mailing post-office. This matter should be sent in returns entirely separate from other classes of matter, and the packet should be plainly indorsed, Returx of fictitious matter. Each return of this matter must be accompanied by a list giving the addresses of the matter included in the return, and the number of pieces to each address. This list may be made on Form 1522 by changing the word " unm-aUable" to "fictitious." Sec. 458. Request Matter. — When the writer of any letter on which the postage is prepaid sliall indorse upon the outside thereof his name and address, such letter shall not be advertised, but after remaining" un- called for at the office to which it is directed thirty days, or the time the writer may direct, shall be returned to him without additional charge for postage, and if not then delivered shall be treated as a dead letter. (E. S., §3930.) Sec. 457. Card Matter. — Whenever any unclaimed matter of the first class bejirs the name and address of the sender or some designated i>lace to which it can be returned, as post-office bos, street and number, etc., without a request that the same be returned if not delivered, such matter will not be advertised, but must be returned to the sender at the expiration of thirty days, or such other period as may have been specified on the envelope, from the date of its arrival at the post-office of destination. Under the present postal arrangements with Canada all nnclairaed re- quest letters originating in either country are treated in the manner herein provided fur domestic recjuest letters. Sec. 458. Postage must be Prepaid on Card and Request Matter. — Xo letter or other article of matter of the first class shall be returned to the sender, as provided in the two preceding sections, unless at least one full rate of postage was originally prepaid thereon. Sec. 459. Unclaimed Official Matter to be Treated as Card Matter. — Un- claiiiK'd letters and other matter originating in any of the Executive Departments of the Goverunu^nt or inclosed in official penalty-envelopfls, and matter mailed iinder the frank of Senators and Members or officers of Congress, is to be returned to the post- office of origin under the provisions of section 4.57 the same as other card and rcqiie-st nuxtter. If the post-office of origin cannot be ascertained it should be returned to post-office, Washington, D. C. Sec. 460. Postmasters' Letters to be Treated as Card Letters. — Letters writ- ten by ])08tmaster8 upon official business should be treated as card letters, and if unclaimed should be returned to the post-office of origin as indicated by the envelope. If the post-office of origin cannot be determined, then they should be sent to the Dead- Letter Office in the regular return of iiiicltiimrd mutter. Sec. 461. Date of Arrival and Return of Card Matter. — Every unclaimed card or reqiicit lett<^r must bear the stamj) of the i>ost-office indicating the date of its arrival, and a i)ostm;nk showing the date of its return to the writer. Sec. 462. Collection of Postage on Short-paid Returned Card Matter. — Uu- cliiimed card aud rcqucut letters wliicli are short-paid, but upon which one full rate of postage was prepaid when mailed, are to be returuod to the post-office of origin TITLE II rOST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 117 fir delivery to the writer, wlio avIII he required to ]»ny the iiiiiount orij;in:illy due. If payment is refused, the mutter will be indorsed iis Kkkuskd and treated accordingly. See section 442. Sec. 463. Local Letters not Returned to Another Post-Office. — A request npou a local or drop-letter for its return to the writer at some otiur post-otUce, if un- claimed, cannot bo respected except in the case of such as may have been prepaid with at least one full (three-eont) rate of postaj^e. Sec. 464. Disposition of Hotel-card Letters. — Unclaimed letters bearing the card of a hiitt'l, a school, or college, or other public institution which has evidently been placed >ipon the envelope to serve as a mere advertisement, should not be returned to the placj designated iu such card unless there is also a special re lujst that they be so returned. Sec. 4S5. Return of other than First-Class Card and Request Matter. — Un- registered matter other than that of the tirst class cannot be returned free to the sender, even if a request to that effect be written or printed thereon, except lirst-class rates of postage be prepaid thereon. AVhen, therefore, matter of other than the first class is deposited in a post-ofttce for mailing, bearing a request to return to the sender if not delivered, it shall be the duty of the postmaster to retain it and notify the sender at once, by return of matter or otherwise, and call his attention to this regulation. Senders of matter other than first class are permitted and should be encouraged by postmasters to write or print upon parcels sent by them the following notice or the substance thereof to the postmaster at the post-oftice of delivery, to wit: If xot de- LIVKRED WITHIN DAYS, THE POSTMASTER IS UEQUESTED TO NOTIFY THE SENDER, SPECIFYING THE AMOUNT OF POSTAGE WHICH MUST BE REMITTED TO INSURE THE RE- TURN OF THE PARCEL TO (giving the name and address of the sender). It is the duty of postmasters receiving matter with this request written or printed thereon to comply therewith as promptly as iu the case of first-class matter; and such matter should be stamped as provided in section 461. Sec. 466. Matter Unclaimed after Return to Sender. — TMien matter returned to the sender under the provisions of the preceding sections is not claimed, it should be treated in all respects as other ordinary unclaimed matter. Sec. 437. Disposition of Missent Matter. — Postmasters at ^vliose post- o liees letters which have evidently been misdirected may arrive should not forward them to other post-ofifices for thie purpose of trial, on the supposition that they may r jach the parties named in the address. If they know the proper direction to be given the letters, they may forward them without additional postage, but otherwise they should be sent to the Dead-Letter Office as misdirected matter, as directed in section 442. In either case the letter should be stamped Misdirected, and bear the name of the post-office and the date of disposition. Sec. 468. Authority of Postmaster-General to Kill Letters. — The Postmaster- General may regulate the period during which undelivered letters shall remain iu any post-oflQce and when they shall be returned to the Dead- Letter Office; and he may make regidations for their return from the Bead-Letter Office to the writers, when they cannot be delivered to the parties addressed. (R. S., 3036.) Sec. 489. Final Disposition of Unclaimed Matter. — Unclaimed matter at post-otfices of the first, second, and third classes must be sent to the D. -ad-Letter Office at the expiration of four weeks after the date of advertisement ; and at post-offiees of the fourth class one month after advertisement. In this way post-otfices that advertise weekly will make a return of dead letters to the D;^partraeut weekly, and at post-otfices Avliere the advertisement is done monthly, the return will bo made monthly. Sec. 470. Undelivered Matter to show Reason for Non-delivery. — Upon every undelivered article of mail-nuittcr must appear the reason for non-delivery, such as 118 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Eemoved, Dkad, Refused, Firm dissolved, &c. The specific reasou slionkl always be given, if possible, as the iuforiuation is often of great value to the writer; but when that cannot be ascertained, it will be sufficient to mark them Uxclaimed. Sec. 471. Disposition of Refused Second-class Matter. — Postmasters shall notify the ijublisher of any newspaper, or otlier periodical, when any subscriber shall refuse to take the same from the office or neglect to call for it for the period of one month. (R. S., § 3885.) Sec. 472. Disposition of other Refused Matter. — Refused matter should be seut to the Dead-Letter Office with the unclaimed matter, and should be entered ou the statement (Form 1523) under its appropriate head. A list giving the address of each piece of matter should accomjtany the return. These lists should be made iu two parts, one for the tirst-class matter and another for the third and fourth class. Re- fused matter should not be lield in a post-office beyond the time for making the next regular return of unclaimed matter. Sec. 473. Return of No unclaimed and refused matter. — Whenever ithap- jiens that there is no unclaimed or refused matter to be sent to the Dead-Letter Office at the regular time for making the return of such matter, a statement (Form 1523), properly headed and dated, and the words No matter to send noted thereon, should be sent to the Dead-Letter Office. Sec. 474. Statements of Unclaimed Matter. — Each return of unclaimed matter must be accompanied by a statement made on Form 15'23 (suitable blanks, printed on white paper for use at fourth-class post-offices, and on yellow for all others, will be furnished upon application to the Superintendent of Blank Agency, Fost-Office Department), and also by a copy of the advertised list. The matter which has been delivered or otherwise disposed of since advertising should be indicated by having the names marked off the list. Both statement and advertised list must always be in- closed with the return, and not sent iu a separate envelope or package. Returns of unclaimed matter should be addressed to the Dead-Letter Office, Washington, D. C, and must be plainly indorsed Return of unclaimed matter from (here insert the name of the post-office). For this purpose an official penalty-envelope will be used as a label, either pasted or securely tied to the package. No postage will bo required. Sec. 475. Disposition of Unmailahle Matter Reaching Destination. — AATien any matter classed as unmailable on account of its harmful nature has, through inad- vertence, reached its destiuatiou and has been refused, after being treated as prescribed in section 230, it should not be sent to the Dead-Letter Office, but must be detained, and a statement giving a description of contents, name of the addressee, etc., be sent to th(? Third Assistant Postmaster-General, who will issue instructions as to its final disposition in each case. Obicene matter which, through inadvertence of the postmaster at the mailing place, reaches the post-office of destin.ation, should be withheld from delivery and at once seut to the Dead-Letter Ofliee, accompanied by a special letter of advice addressed to the Third Assistant Postmaster-General. Lottery matter which has, through the inadvertence of the postmaster at the mailing post-office, reached the po.st-olfice of destination, sliould be withheld from delivery and sentto the Dead-Letter Otfi<'e, with a letter of advice ;iddri'ssed to tlie Tliird Assistant Postmaster-General. Sec. 476. Hotel Matter without Card or Request. — Hotel matter returned to the ]»ost-office not redin^etiMl and bearing no "card" or "request" will be sent to the Dead-Letter Office wtnOcly from all post-offices, with a complete list, giving the full name and address of each article. The entries iu the list must be .arranged alpha- betically, and the aiticles and entries numbered to corresjiond. The list may be made paiate from otlu^r classes of nuitter, and the words Return of hotel matter iijdm (here add the name of the post-office) must be plainly indorsed TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 119 upon tlio outside of the packago. Wlieiuner hotel matter is returnetl to a ]»08t-office redirectod by tlm ]>roprietor of a hotel or hy other consignee, and in good order, it shall be the duty of the postuiaster to forward it accordingly without ))ontagi' charge therefor: Provided, lie sliall have, at the tinus of its return, no contrary instructions from the addressee: And 2)rovUh'd farther, That such new adilress is t<» any place to which such matter might be forwarded under the i>rovisionH of secti(ui ;{71, or is to any place iu a foreign country to which prepayment of postage* is optional. Hotel letters bearing a special retpu'st for their return, and letters bearing tlie name and address «»r the business card of the writer, are, of course, excepted fi'om the above n(iuiremeiits, and will t)e ti'catfd as provided iu sections 4^>Ci and 457. Sec. 477. All Hotel Matter to be Stamped. — Postmasters sliotild be careful to stamp upon all hotel matter the date of the original delivery aud also the date of its return to the ])ost-<>lHce. Sec. 478. Disposition of Dead Printed Matter. — The Postma.ster-General may provide, by regulations, for disposing of printed and mailable matter wbicli may remain in any post-office, or in tlie Department, not called for by the party addressed; but if the ptiblisher of any refused or uncalled-for newspaper or other periodical shall pay the postage due thereon, such newspaper or other periodical shall be excepted from the operation of such regulations. (R. S., § 4061.) Sec. 479. Dead Foreign Printed Matter. — All foreign printed matter ■when unclaimed the usual time must be sent to the Dead-Letter Office as part of the regular return, but no entry thereof need be made on the bill except of that upon "which postage may be due. Sec. 480. Dead Domestic Printed Matter. — Domestic miscellaneous printed matter, without obvious value, including printed postal-cards, is not to be sent to the Dead-Letter Office when unclaimed, except that upon which postage may be due, but must be sold as waste-paper at the expiration of each quarter and the proceeds taken np and accounted for as other postal revenue. Sec. 481. Dead Postal Cards. — Unclaimed postal cards wholly written will be sent to the Dead-Letter Office with the regular return at the expiration of thirty days. Foreign postal cards must be tied in a package by themselves. Sec. 482. Return of Dead Matter. — In making up the retiu'u all matter sent should be securely wrapped and tied together in one package. At post-offices of the tirst, second, and third classes the foreign matter shouhl be separated from the domestic. "When the number of letters to be sent in a single return is large, they should be tied up in packets of one hunderd each, and then the whole return should be bound together in one parcel, or put into a suitable pouch properly addressed and indorsed. If there be third or fourth class matter to accompany the return in sufficient quantity to make it inconvenient to tie the whole in one parcel, a pouch must be used, so that all the matter will be received together. Sec. 483. Record of Valuable Dead Letters. — Dead letters containing valuable inclosures shall be registered [recorded] in the Dead-Letter Office ; and when they cannot be delivered to the party addressed nor to the writer, the contents thereof shall be disposed of, and a careful account shall be kept of the amount realized in each case, which shall be subject to reclamation by either the party addressestmast<'rs to rcpoi't pi-omptly to the Cliief Special Agent every com- l)laint which is made to them or couu's to their knowledge of the loss in the mails of letters or articles of valui^, whether registered or not. TITLE 11 POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 121 Sec. 491. What Facts such Report must State. — In every case of loss by mail the Chief .^^prcial A;^tMit ahouUl be iiiiiu«Hliatfly iiifonnfil of all the ciieiiinstances cumiected with it, such ad the name of the po.st-oflice in which the letter was posteil ami the date of mailinj^; whether by the writer liiiiiself or by another jiersou ; tho names of the writer and the person addressed ; the amount and a description of the inelosnre; the post-office to whicli addressed; and whether registered or unregistered, and if registered the registry number, with any other particulars that may aid in making a thonuigh investigation. Sec. 492. Postmasters to immediately Report Robbery of Post-Office. — "NMien- ever a post-otlice has been robbtvl the postmaster will immediately report all the facts t(» the Chief Special Agent, and to the nearest resident Special Agent. This report must state as fully Jis possible all the circumstances connected with the robbery, giv- ing the date and extent of tho loss. He must be careful to state whether the loss con- sists of stamjis, stamped-envelopes, postal-cards, letters (stolen or rifled), postal or moncy-onh'r funds, or government property. If the lo.ss includes the mail-key the number shouhl be given ; and if registered or ordinary mail-matter, he must be par- ticular to state whether the same was rifled or taken from the post-office. He must give all the information in his possession relating to each lost or rifled registered letter, such as post-office where mailed, date of mailing, number of letter and registered- package envelope, by whom written, to whom addressed, and contents. For the value of registered or ordinarj' mail lost by robbery of post-offices postmasters will be held re,sponsible if, upon investigation, it appears that due care was not taken to secure the mail-matter from depredation. Sec. 493. Cases of Mail-Robbery to be Reported at once. — Cases of mail- rt)bbory should at once be reported to the Chief Special Agent, and information given from time to time of any new facts which may be developed in regard to tlitMU. Sec. 494. Report Arrest of Criminals to United States District Attorney. — When a criminal is apprehended, the United States attorney for the district in which the oftense was committed must be promptly informed of the facts, and his advice, and, if possible, his personal attention, be obtained. If from any cause the services of the district attorney cannot be had, and it shall become necessary to employ another attorney, the compensation of such attorney must be agreed upon before engaging in the case, subject to the approval of the Postmaster-General ; and it will only be paid upon recommendation of the Special Agent who may have charge of the case. Sec. 495. Examination of Persons Arrested. — Persons arrested for mail depred.ations should be taken before a district or circuit judge, or a United States commissioner, for examination or commitment. Sec. 493. RDbbery of Mail in Vicinity of Post-Office. — If a postmaster lias rv»ason to Ijelieve that a mail has been stolen, in whole or in part, in the vicinity of his post-offi-e, he shall at once examine into the evidence, and if satisfietl that such robbery or theft has actually occurred, he shall take immediate and energetic meas- ureji for recovering the mail and for apprehending and prosecuting the ott'ender, anrl shall notify the Chief Special Agent of the facts and of his action. Sec. 497. Moneys Recovered from Mail Robbers. — All moneys recovered from mail robbers, &c., will be forwarded at once through the office of the Chief Special Agent to the Postmaster-General, who will, upon satisfactory evidence, return t same to the owners. See section 62. 122 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. CHAPTER FIFTEEN. PAYMENT OF EMPLOYES OF THE RA.ILWAY MAIL SERVICE BY POSTMASTERS. Soc. 498. Eecoril of arrivals and departures to be ex- amined daily. 499. Pay -withheld for failure to siffn record. 500. Preliminary notice to paying postmaster. 501. Notice to Second Assistant Postmaster-Gen- eral. 502. Absences for more than thirty days to be re- ported. 503. Partial suspension of pay pending final in- structions. 504. The cause of deduction of pay, etc., how noted. 505. "Ko signature" and "advance signature," how noted. Sec. 506. Keys and records must be tuined in before final settlement. 507. Record of arrival and departures to be sent to Division Superintendent. 508. No discretion to be used in reporting failures. 509. Instructions as to paying employ6s, from whom received. 510. Payments to be made promptly at the end of month. 511. Distinction between substitute and acting employ6. 512. Authority for paying acting employes. 513. Manner of paying acting employes. Sec. 493. Record of Arrivals and Departures to be Examined daily. — Post- ma.sters will examiue the record of arrivals and departures daily, wlicu the same is kept at their post-offices, and report to the Division Superintendent at once all failures of employes to sign the same, and also all cases of advance signature. When the rec- ord of arrivals and departures are kept avray from the post-office, they must be ex- amined daily by some person designated by Division Snperintendent, and all cases of failures to sign or of advance signature mnst be reported daily to him. Sec. 499. Pay Withheld for Failure to Sign Record. — The paying post- master shall withhold not exceeding one day's pay for each failure on part of an em- ploye to record his arrival or departure, or to perform service, until the matter is reported to the Division Superintendent and instructions received from Second Assist- ant Postmaster-General. Whenever a failure to record or to perform service is reported by a paying postmaster he shall consider such report as a preliminary notice and shall ■withhold payment, as specified above, until specific instructious are received from the Second Assistant Postmaster-General. Sec. 599. Preliminary Notice to Paying Postmaster. — In case of death, resignation, removal, suspension, or change of paying post-office of an employ^, the Division Snperintendent will at once send a preliminary notice to the paying post- ma^ster. Sec. 501. Notice to Second Assistant Postmaster-General. — On receipt of each report of failure by the Division Su])erintendent, he will at once report the same to the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, through the General Snperintendent, and at the same time will send a copy of said report to the paying postmaster as a prelim- inary notice to him ( o withhold payment, as provided in section 499, until instructions are received li(im the Second Assistant Postmaster-General. Sec. 502. Absences more than 30 Days to be Reported. — When an eniploy6 has been absent from duty more than thirty consecutive days, on account of sickness or other cause, the Division Superintendent will report the .same to the Second Assist- ant Postmaster-General through the General Superintendent, and also send a prelim- inary notice to the paying i)ostmaster. Sec. 503. Partial Suspension of Pay, pending final Instructions. — In all cases wlicrc preliminary UKticc h:is Ikmmi received from the Division SuiierinleMdcnt, the p tying postmaster will withhold from the pay of thii employe a snilicient sum to cover all stoppages, linos, a.ul forfeitures of which ho has been notified until final TITLE II POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 123 instrncfioiiH in each case have boeii recoivod IVoiti tho Second Assistant. Postmaster- Gciifral. Sec. 504. The Cause of Deduction of Pay, etc., how Noted. — Tlie cause of cvciy (Icductiou of pay, and tlu- authority for making tlio 8ainc, must always he noted on pay-roll. Sec. 505. "No Signature" and "Advance Signature," how Noted. — Wlien- cver an employ^ fails to sign thu record, the postmaster will write the words No SIG- NATUUK in the line whore the name should have been signed. In case of ADVANCE SlcJNATl'Ki;, the same will ho noted on the sanm line with the signature. Sec. 506. Keys and Records must be Turned in before final Settlement. — On the resignation, transfer, suspension, or removal of an employ^, final settlmieut •with such employ6 will bis deferred until tho paying postmaster has received from tho Division Superinteuihint in whose division such employd last performed service a cer- tificate That all mail-keys, records, and other property of the Department have becu turned over to him. Sec. 507. Record of Arrivals and Departures sent Division Superintendent — At the end of each month postmasters will promptly forward the record of arrivals and departures, duly certified, to the Division Superintendent for inspection; after ■which they Avill be returned to the postmaster, who -will see that they are carefully preserved. Sec. 508. No Discretion to be used in Reporting Failures. — Xo discretion should be exercised by a postmaster, or by any other person in charge of a record of arrivals and departures, in reporting any failures on account of any peculiar circum- stauces attending the case. The failure should be reported promjitly for reference to the Department, for decision ui>on the merits of the case. Sec. 509. Instructions as to Paying Employes, from whom Received. — All instructions to postnmsters relative to paying employ6s in the railway mail service must come from the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, Division of Inspection. Any payments made to employes contrary to the regulations and his instructions .will be disallowed to the paying postmaster. Sec. 510. Payments to be made promptly at end of Month. — Postmasters will be prepared to pay employes within three days after the expiration of the month in which the service was performed, but no payments shall be made until the month has expired, and no payment shall be made to employes after entry into service until the paying postmaster has been advised that the oath of ofhce of such employ^ has been received by the General Superintendent of Railway Mail Service. Sec. 511. Distinction between Substitute and Acting Employes. — Post- masters will observe the distinctiou between a substitute and an acting employ^. A substitute is a person emplojed for or by a regular employe to perform his duties for him during his temporary absence from duty. An acting employ^ is a person em- ployed temporarily to fill a vacancy caused by the death, removal, resignation, etc., of a regular employ^. All sums paid to a substitute employ^ must be receipted for by the principal for or by whom the substitute was employed ; but sums paid to an acting emi>loye must be receipted for by such acting employ^ himself. Sec. 512. Authority for Paying Acting Employes. — Xo payment shall he. made to acting enqdoy^s without specific authority from the Second Assistant Post- master-General. Sec. 513. Manner of Paying Acting Employees. — A receipt evidencing payment to an acting employ^ must be taken on a separate blank form furnished by the First Assistant Postmaster-General, Blank Agency. And those vouchers must be forwarded direct to the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, Division of Inspection, for necessary credit. The paying postmaster will also note on said receipts his authority for making the payment. Acting employes should never be put upon the regular pay-roll. 124 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. CHAPTER SIXTEEN. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS RESPECTING DUTIES OF POST- MASTERS. Sec. 514. 516. 517. 518. 519. 520. 521. 522. 523. 524. 525. 526. 527. 528. Eecords at post-offices of property and sup- plies. Inventories of public property to be made in duplicate. Duplicate, how to be disposed of. Postmasters not to receive moneys from pre- decessors, unless. Assistant to be appointed. Oaths of ofKce to be sent to Department. Who to have access to mail-matter in post- offices. Mail not to be opened in reach of unauthorized persons. Postmasters must collect and examine waste- paper, etc. No post-offlce to be located in bar-room. Loungers not to be pennitt*d in post-office. Business hours at post-offices. Transaction of other business at fourth-class post-offices. Changing site of post-office. Iteceiving-box for mail-matter at fourth-class post-offices. Sec. 529. Place for mail-matter awaiting delivery and for stamps. 530. Sanctity of seals inviolable. 531. Postmasters not to give information respe<'t- ing mail-matter. 532. Postmasters powerless to remit fines or over- charges on mail-matter. 533. Official correspondence ; return of official papers. .534. How po.stma.sters should reply to official cor- respondence. 535. Postal Guide supplied offlLcially and to be con - suited. 536. Postmasters in doubt as to law to ask instruc- tions. 537. Attention to be given to official printed cir- culars. 538. How postmasters are to address the Depart- ment. 539. Public documents and property to be turned over to successor. 540. Credentials of special agenls to be demanded. 541. Postmasters not to act as lottery agents. Sec. 514. Records at Post-Oifices of Property and Supplies. — Every Post- master shall keep a record, in such form as the Postinaster-Greneral shall direct, of all postage-stamps, envelopes, postal books, blanks, and prop- erty received from his predecessor, or from the Department or any of its agents ; of all receipts in money for postages and box-rents, and of all other receipts on account of the postal service, and of any other transac- tions which may be required by the Postmaster-General ; and these rec- ords shall be i)reserved and delivered to his successor, and shall be at all times subject to examination by any special agent of the Dei)artnient. (R. S. § 3842.) Sec. 515. Inventories of Public Property to be Made in Duplicate. — On taking cliarst-otiice from beinj? left without a duly qualified person to jierform its duties in case of the ueci^ssary absence, the sickness, resijjnatioii. or death ictures thereon, nor made known to others. A disregard of tliis regulation will be consiilered a vio- lation of official trust, and will render tin; oil'ender liable to removal. Postmasters may, however, when the same can b(> done without interference with the regular l)nsi- ness of the post-office, furnish to officers of the law, to aid them in discovering a fugitive from criminal justice, information concerning tlie postmarks and addi'esses of letters, but must not delay or refuse their delivery to the persons addressed. Sec. 532. Postmasters Powerless to Remit Overcharges on Mail-matter. — TITLE II rOST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 127 A poHtniastor has no discretioiuiry powrr for tlio rpmiKsion of ju'iiiiltit^H or ov«»rcliiiigf'3 oil uuiil-iiiiitter. Uailcr siK'ciiil circuiustiinccH cases will uii(luul>teeial Agents of the Department unless personally known to them to be snch- A Special Agent's credentials are always signed by the Postmaster-Gleneral himself. Sec. 541. Postmasters not to Act as Lottery Agents. — Xo postma.?ter shall att as ageut for any lottery office, or under any color of purchase, or othervrise vend lottery tickets ; uor shall he receive or send any lottery scheme, circular, or ticket free of postage. For any \iolation of this section the offender shall be liable to a x>^nalty of fifty dollars. (R. S., § 3851.) TITLE III. TRANSPORTATION OF THE MAIL. CHAPTER ONE. DESIGNATION OF P03T-E0ADS OVER WHICH THE MAIL MAY BE CARRIED. Sec. 542. TThat are post-roads. i i4<^. Extending mail facQities to special offices. 543. The Postmaatt- r-General maj establish serr- 549. Selectinz post-roads. ic« on post-roads. I 550. When ttrrminas of post-roads may be changed- 514. All coort-hoases to be snpplied with maiL i 55L Discontinaing service on po.st-njads. 545. Carrying the mail on canals. 552. Limit of authority of Po6tmaster-o.. passage of trains throu;j;h its limits at a rato TITLE III — TRANSPORTATION OF THE MAIL. 131 of speed not exceeding six niilos pciliunr, iind not coudict with tlii.s section. (.5 0pins. 554.) Sec. 554. Dalaying Mail at a Ferry, Penalty. — Any ferryman wlio sli;ill (lolay the i)a.ssiij^e of the ni:iil by willful neglect or refusal to tran.si)ort the same across any ferry shall, for every ten minutes such mail may be so delayed, be liable to a penalty of tea dollars. (R. S., § 3990.) CHAPTER TWO. CAKUIAGE OF THE MA.IL A GDVERNMETJT MONOPOLY— UNLAW- FUL CARRIAGE OF MAIL-MATTER OUTSIDE OF THE MAILS.— SEIZURE AND DETENTION OF UNLAWFUL MATTER IN THE MAILS. Sec. 555. Prohibition of privjitp exprcssps. 556. Private carriers forbidden at carrier post- offices. 557. Penalty for carrying persons acting as express. 558. Penalty for sending letters bj- private express. .559. Penalty for carrying letters out of the mail. 560. Penalty for carrying letters on board a mail vessel. 561. Foreign letters only to be received from a post-office. 502. Yesssls to deliver all letters at post-office. Sec. 563. Special agents to searcli vessels for letters. 564. Seizing and detaining letters. 565. Forfeiture of seizures to the United States. 566. Letters seized may be returned to senders. 567. Letters conveyed without compensation. 568. Letters in stamped envelopes. 569. Postmasters must report violations of law. 570. Searches authorized. 571. Newspapers may be caiTied out of the maiL 572. Such pai)ers deposited in post-offices must be paid. Sec. 555. Prohibition of Private Expresses. — Xo person shall establish any private express for the conveyance of letters or packets, or in any manner cause or provide for the conveyance of the same by regular trips or at stated periods, over any post-route which is or may be estab- lished by law, or from any city, town, or place to any other city, town, or place between which the mail is regularly carried ; and every person, so oflending, or aiding or assisting therein, shall for each offense be liable to a penalty of one hundred and fifty dollars. Provided, Nothing herein contained shall be construed as prohibiting any person from receiving and delivering to the nearest post-oftice or postal car mail- matter properly stamped. (K. S., § 3983, as modified by act of March 3, 1879, § 1, 20 Stat., p. 35G.) The term packet, as used in this and the following sections of the law, is restricted to mailable matter of the first cla.ss. (Opiu. So. 14, Ass't Att'y-Geu. P. O. Dept. — Spence.) A person who intends to make the carrying of letters periodically for hire his regu- lar business, or jtart of his business, in opposition to the public carriers, is legally incapable of receiving authority to take letters out of the post-office for that purpose, however sneh authority may be attenijited to be conferred. (9 Opins., 101.) Sec. 558. Private Carriers Forbidden at Carrier Post-Offices. — Postmasters at letter-carrier post-offices will under no circuinstauces deliver first-class mail-matter to a private carrier, no matter what credentials he may present, whether it be a joint order from all of his employers, or a separate order from each one, a permanent stand- ing order, or an order renewed eveiy day. 132 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIOXS. Sec. 557. Penalty for Carrying Persons Acting as Express. — The owner of every stage-coach, railway-car, steamboat, or other vehicle or vessel, which shall, with the knowledge of anj' owner, in whole or in part, or with the knowledge or connivance of the driver, conductor, master, or other person having charge of the same, convey any person acting or employed as a i)rivate exi^ress for the conveyance of letters or packets, and actually in possession of the same for the purpose of conveying them, contrary to the spirit, true intent, and meaning of this title, shall, for every such offense, be liable to a penalty of one hundred and fifty dollars. (E. S., § 3983.) Sec. 558. Penalty for Sending Letters by Private Express. — ^o i)ersou shall transmit by private express or other unlawful means, or deliver to any agent of such unlawful express, or deposit, or cause to be deposited, at any appointed jilace, for the purpose of being transmitted, any letter or i)acket ; and for every such offense the party offending shall be liable to a penalty of lifty dollars. (K. S., § 3984.) Sec. 559. Penalty for Carrying Letters out of the Mails. — Any person concerned in carrying the mail, who shall collect, receive, or carry any letter or packet, or cause or i)rocure the same to be done, con- trary to law, shall, for every such offense, be punishable by a fine of not more than fifty dollars. (R. S., § 3981.) No stage-coach, railway-car, steamboat, or other vehicle or vessel which regularly jierforms trii^s at stated periods on any post-route, or from any city, town, or place to any other city, town, or place, between which the mail is regularly carried, shall carry, otherwise than in the mail, any letters or packets, except such as relate to some part of the cargo of such steamboat or other ves- sel, or to some article carried at the same time by the same stage-coach, railway-car, or other vehicle, except as i^rovided in section [558] [thnc thousand nine hundred and ninety-three] ; and for every such offense the owner of the stage-coach, railway-car, steamboat, or other vehicle or vessel shall be liable to a i^enalty of one hundred dollars; and the driver, conductor, master, or other person having charge thereof, and not at the time owner of the whole or any part thereof, shall for every such offense be liable to a penalty of fifty dollars. (R. S., § 3985.) Sec. 560. Penalty for Carrying Letters on Board a Mail-Vessel. — Xo per- son shall carry any letter or packet on board any vessel which carries the mail otherwise than in such mail, except as provided in section [oG8J [three thousand nine hundred and ninety -three], and for every such offense the party offending shall be liable to a penalty of fifty dollars. (K. S., §3980.) Sec. 561. Foreign Letters only to be Received from a Post-Office. — Xo vessel departing from the United states for any foreign port shall receive on board or convey any letter or ])acket originating in the United States which has not been regularly received from the post-oftice at the port of departure, and which does not relate to the cargo of such vessel, except as pro\'ided in section [508] [three thousand nine hund red and ninety three]; and every collector, or other oflicer of the port empowered tj TITLE III — TRANSPORTATION OF THH MAII>. IJ.J grant doarances, shall iciiiiirc IVoiii llic master of such vessel, as a. eonditioii of clearaneo, au oath that he lias not received on board, has not nnder his care or control, and will not receive or convey uny letter or packet contrary to the provisions of this section. (II. S., § .'W-ST.) Sec. 562. Vessels to Deliver all Letters at Post-Office. — No vessel aniving Avithin any jjort or collection-district of the I'nited States shall be allowed to make entry or break bulk until all letters on board are delivered at the nearest ])ost-o(lice, and the master tliercof has sif^ned and sworn to the following declaration, before the collector or other x)roper customs officer : "I, A. B., master of the , arriving from , and now lying in the i)ort of , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have, to the best of my knowledge and belief, delivered, at the post-office at , every letter, and every bag, packet, or parcel of letter.s, which were on board the said vessel during her last voyage, or which were in my pos- session or under my power or control." And any master who shall break bulk before he has delivered such letters shall be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred dollars, recoverable, one-half to the officer making the seizure, ami the other to the use of the United States. (R. S., § 3088.) Sec. 563. Special Agents to Search Vessels for Letters. — Any special agent of the Post-Office Department, when instructed by the Postmaster Gen- eral to make examinations and seizures, and the collector or other customs officer of any port, without special instructions, shall carefully search all vessels for letters which may be on board or which have been conveyed contrary to law. (R. S., § 3989.) Sec. 564. Seizing and Detaining Letters. — Any special agent of the Post- Office Department, collector, or other customs officer, or United States marshal or his deputy, may at all times seize all letters and bags, packets or parcels, containing letters which are being carried contrary to law on board any vessel or on any post-route, and convey the same to the nearest post-office, or may, by the direction of the Postmaster-General or Secre- tary of the Treasury, detain them until two months after the final deter- mination of all suits and proceedings which may, at any time within six mouths after such seizure, be brought against any person for sending or carrying such letters. (R. S., 3990.) Sec. 565. Forfeiture of Seizures to the United States. — Every package or parcel seized by any special agent of the Post-Office Department, col- lector, or other customs officer, or United States marshal or his deputies, in which any letter is unlawfully concealed, shall be forfeited to the United States, and the same proceedings may be had to enforce the for- feiture as are authorized in respect to goods, wares, and merchandise forfeited for violation of the revenue laws ; and all laws for the benefit and protection of customs oihcers making seizures for violating revenue laws shall apply to officers making seizures for violating the j)ostal laws. (R. S., § 3991.) See Title xxxiv, chap. 10, Rev. Stat. 134 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 568. Letters Seized may be Returned to Senders. — All letters, packets, or other matter which may be seized or detained for violation of law shall be returned to the owner or sender of the same, or otherwise dis- jiosed of as the Postmaster-General may direct. (E. S., § 3805.) See. 567. Letters Conveyed Without Compensation. — Nothing herein con- tained shall be construed to prohibit the conveyance or transmission ot letters or packets by private hands without compensation, or by special messenger employed for the particular occasion only. (E. S., § 3992.) Sec. 568. Letters in Stamped Envelopes. — All letters inclosed in stamped envelopes, if the postage-stamp is of a denomiuation sufficient to cover the i)Ostage that would be chargeable thereon if the same were sent by mail, may be sent, conveyed, and delivered otherwise than by mail, provided such envelope shall be duly directed and properly sealed, so that the letter cannot be taken therefrom without defaciug the envelope, and the date of the letter or of the transmission or receipt thereof shall be written or stamped upon the envelope. But the Postmaster-General may suspend the operation of this section upon any mail-route where the public interest may require such suspension. (E. S., § 3993.) Sec. 569. Postmasters must Report Violations of Postal Monopoly. — When- ever a. postmaster receives iuformatiou or lias good reason to believe that letters are illegally brought to or seut from auy city, town, lauding, station, or place, near his l>ost-office, whether by steamboat, railroad, private carrier for hire, or auy other mode of couveyauce, or in any way in violation of the i)recediug section, he will give imme- diate notice of such violation of law to the Postmaster-Geueral, with all the facts concerning it in his possession. Sec. 570. SaiTclies Authorized. — The Postmaster-General may, by a let- ter of authorization under his liauil, to bs filed among the records of his Department, empower any special agent or other officer of the Post- Office Establishment to make searches for mailable matter transported in violation of law; and the agent or officer so authorized may open and search any car or vehicle passing, or having lately before passed, from any place at which there is a post-offiee of the United States to any other such place, or any box, package, or packet, being, or having lately before been, in such car or vehicle, or any store or house, other than a dwelling-house, used or occupied by any common carrier or trans])orta- tlon company, in which such box, package, or packet may be contained, whenever such agent or officer has reason to believe that mailable matter, transported contrary to law, may therein be found. (E. S., § 402(3.) Sec. 571. Newspapers may be Carried out of the Mail. — Contractors or mail-carriers may convey out of the mail newspapers for sale or distri- bution to subs(;rihers. (li. S.. § .'ISSS.) Sec. 572. On such Papers Deposited in Post-Office Postage must be Paid. — If newHi>apers which have been carried outside of the mail are placed in a. post-oHico for delivery, postage must bo charged and collected. Contractors and otlicr persons may also convey books, pamphlets, magazines, aiul newspapers (not intended for im- mediate distril)ution), done up in packages as mfrchaudise, and addressed to somo hona-Jldc news-agent or booksidler. TITLE III TKANSPOKTATION OF THE MAIL. 135 CHAPTER THREE. ADVERTISEMENTS, PROPOSALS, AND CONTRACTS FOR CARRYING THE MAIL. S«c. ' Soc. 573. Advertispment of };«'"i'i:'l niaillittinKs. 603. 574. Divisiim of the United States into eontiact I sections. ' ^O^- 575. Adveitisoment of routes omitted in general | let tins?. _ ! 605. 576. Xotiie of intention to change terms of conj | tract. 1 606. 577. iliscellaneous mail-lettinga defined. 607. 578. Advertisement of miscellauioiis mail-lettings. 608. 579. Rates to be paid for advertisements. 580. Proposals for carrying the mail; how deliv- 609. ered and opened. 610. 581. Proposals to be accompanied by bonds ap- 611. proved by postmasters. • I 612. 582. Sureties on bidders' bonds must qualify. ■ 613. 583. Amount of bond stated iu advertisement. [ 614. 584. Qualification of sureties ou more than one j bond. 615. 585. Bids to be accompanied by a certified check I or draft. 616. 588. Time of returning drafts to unsuccessful bid- ' ders. ' G17. 587. Penalty f.)r illegal approval of bonds by post- masters. 618. 588. All proposals to be recorded and filed. ' 589. Combinations to prevent bids, penalty. 619. 590. Caution to postmasters signing bidders' bonds. ! .591. What are legal bids. ' ! 620. 592. Bidders must infonn themselves as to the character of the service. | 621. 593. Special instructions to bidders. I 594. Alterations and modifications of bids destroy | 622. their validity. | 595. Biiblers must be of legal age. 623. 596. Bids which cannot be received. G24. 597. Bids which may be rejected. 598. Bidders not released from bonds until service 625. is commenced. 599. Persons who may not bo interested in mail 626. contracts. 600. Bidders may not assign or transfer their bids. 627. 601. Contracts in name of United States and 628. awarded to lowest bidder. 602. New sureties ou contracts may be required or accepted. In case of bidder failing contract with other persons autliorized. In case of failing contractor contracts with other persons authorized. Temporary cimtracts authorized, not to exceed last contract price. Penalty for making straw bids. Contracts made without advertisement. Mail apartments to be furnished on mail steamboats. Contracts to be executed in duplicate. Tenn of contracts. Time of executing contracts. Payment on contract-s. Causes for which contracts may be annulled. Contractors to carry all mails and care for mail-bags. Special agents and postal supplies to be car- ried free. When postmasters may employ temporary service. After contracts have expired postmasters may not pay for service. Increase of compensation for increased serv- ice. Increase of compensation for increased ce- lerity. Determination of compensation for increased celerity. Decreased compens.atioii for decreased serv- ice. Changes of schedule; time of arrival and departure. Contracts cannot be assigned or transferred. Contracts not to be sublet without consent of the Postmaster-Creneral. Subcontracts permissible with consent of the Postmaster-General. Eegulatious under which subcontracts m-iy be made. Miil-messenger service. ilail-carriers to receive mail for delivery at next post-oflice. Sec. 573. Advertisemsat of General Mail-Lettings. — The Tostmaster- Geueral shall cause iiLlvci-tisemeiit.s of all general mail-lettiugs of each State and Territory to be conspicuously posted up in eachpost-ofiice in the State and Territory embraced iu said advertisements for at least si.Kty days before the time of such general letting ; and no other advertisement of such letting shall be required; but this provision shall not apply to 136 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. any other than general mail-lettings. (Act March 3, 1879, § 1, 20 Stat., p. 356.) See R. S., § 3941; see 19 Stat., 78, 383.) See also section 578. Sec. 574. Division of the Unite i States into Contract Sections. — The United V states is dividocl iuto four coatract sections. A general letting for one of these sections occurs every year, and contracts are made at snch general lettings for four consecu- tive years, commencing on the first day of July. The sections and their current con- tract terms are — 1. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massschusetts Ehode Island. Connecticut. New- York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia ; current term, July 1, 1877, to Juno 30, 1381. 2. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennes- sse, Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana; curi-ent term, July 1, 1876, to June 30, 1830. 3. Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri ; cun-eut term, July 1, 1879, to June 30, 1883. 4. Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Indian Territory, Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Idaho, AVashington, Ore- gon, Nevadi, and California; current term, July 1, 1878, to June 30, 1882. Sec. 575. Advertisement of Routes Omitted in General Letting. — ^Mien- ever by reason of any error, omission, or other canse any route which shonld properly be advertised for the regular letting^ is omitted, it .shall be the duty of the Postmaster-General to advertise the same as soon as the error or omission shall be discovered, and the proposals for such route shall be opened as soon as possible after the other proposals in the same contract section ; and the contract made under such supple- mentary advertisement shall run, as nearly as possible, from the begin- ning to the end of the regular contract term, and during the time necessarily lost by reason of such error, omission, or other cause, the Postmaster-General shall provide for the carrying of the mail on such route at as low rate as possible, without advertising. (R. S., § 39G7.) ^/ Sec. 576. Notice of Intention to Change Terms of Contract. — Wlienever it becomes necessary to change the terms of an existing contract for carry- ing tlie mail otherwise than as provided in (the preceding) section [018 and G19], notice thereof shall be given and proceedings had thereon the same as at the letting of original contracts. (E. S., § 3958.) Sec. 577. Miscellaneous Mail-Lettings Defined. — The lettings for service upon new mail-routes established by Congress in any contract division of the l''nited ^States during a contract term, and upon routes where the contractor, has failed or abandoned his contract, are denominated miscellaneous mail-lettings. >. Such letting.s are made under advertisement to cover the mail service on such routes until the expiration of the contract terra, when the service, if continued, is embraced in the general mail-letting. Sec. 578. Advertisement of Miscellaneous Mail-Lettings. — Before maldng any contract for iiihind mail traiisportutioii, other than by railroads and steamboats, except for temporary service, as provided for in [sections G83-005] [an act approirrl Auf/mt eleventh, eif/htcen hundred and screuty- six, ameniator}/ of sub-sections tiro hundred and fortii-six and two hundred and fifty-one of section twelve of an act approved Jane twenty-third, eight- y can hundred and seventy-four] the Postmaster-General shall cause to be published, in not exceeding ten newspapers published in the State or TITLE III TRANSPORTATION OF THE MAIL. lol Territory in whidi such service is to be let, one of ^vliicli slmll lie piil)- lislied at tlie seat of fi'overmiicnt of such State or Territory, once a week, for si.K consecutive weeks, luccediii;;- the time of h!tti^;,^ a notice in , 19 Stat., p. 12!).) See. 533. Amount of Bond Ra^nired Stated in Advertisement. — ^The amount of hoiid rciiiiirud wiUi Ijiils, a-iul tliu pre.suut pay wlieix it cxceotLs (!jj,0l)j) live tliou- siuid ilidlars, aro statml in tlii) a;lvortisoiu?.ufc undor tha approin-iato route. Sec. 534. Qnalification of Sureties on More than One Band. — When the Hami- iK-rsous arc suictics on more tliaii ouo bond siudi real estate uiu.st o(j[iial in value TITLE III — TRANSPORTATION OF TIIE MAIL. 139 not less than oin'-fouith tlic iijjjjrog.ato of all flic lioiidsoii which thoy aro sureties. A inarritMl woman will not be accosted as surety, either on the IxmkI ro])osal. Consolidated or combination bids (''))roi)osing mw sum for two or more routes") cannot be considered. The route, the service, the yearly pay, the name and residence of the bidder (that TITLE III — TIIANSPORTATION OF THE MAIL. 141 is, his iisiiiil i)i>.st-offico address), and tlw nami' of cuIi iiu'iuhcr of a firm where a coiii- pany olVt-rs, Hhoiihl b(> dlHtiiictly stated. Jiid(h'rs aro re(HK'^^ted to iimo, as far as practicable, the jJiinted |iri»ito-iils, and lo retain (;oi)ies of them. Sec. 594. Alterations and Modifications of Bids Prohibited. — Bids altcrod in the route, the si-rviee, tlie yearly pay, the natm- of tlie hidiler, or auy mitcrial part of the bond, by erasures or interlineations, shouhlnot be submitted ; and if so submit- ted will not be considered in awardinj; the contracts. A niodilieation of a bid in any of its es.seutial terms is tantamoujit to a new bid, and cannot be received so as to interfere with regular competition. Making a new bid in proper form is the only way to modify a previous one, and such jjrevious bid must be withdrawn if it is desired that it shall not be considered. No withdrawal of a bid will be allowed nnless the witlidrawal is received twenty- four hours |)revious to the tinu' lixed for opeuini; the ])ro])Osals. Sec. 595. Bidders Must be of Le^al Age. — Xo bidder will be accepted ■who is nnder twenty-one years of a.oe^ or who is a married woman. Sec. 596. Bids which Cannot be Received. — Bids received after the time named in an advertisement will not bo considered. Neither can bids be considered which are without the bond, oath, and certilicate required by section 581 and sec- tion 5e2. Sec. 597. Bids which may be Rejected. — The Postmaster-General re- serves the ri,i;ht to reject all bids on any route whenever in his judgment the interests of the service refjuire it. See sections .')S9 aiul 601. Sec. 598. Bidders not Released from Bonds until Service is Commenced. — Xo bidder for carrying;- the mails shall be released from his obligation under his bid or proposal, notwithstanding an award made to a lower bidder, until a contract for tlie designated service shall have been duly executed by such lower bidder and his sureties, and accepted, and the service entered upon by the contractor to the satisfaction of the Post- master-General. (K. S., § 3952.) Sec. 599. Persons who may not be Interested in Mail Contracts. — Xo post- master, assistant postmaster, or clerk employed in any post-oflice shall be a contractor or concerned in a contract for carrying the mail. (R. S., § 3850.) See section 43. Postmasters are also liable to dismissal from office for acting as agents of contract- ors or bidders, with or without compensation, in any business, matter, or thing re- lating to the mail service. They are the trusted agents of the Department, and can- not consistently act in both capacities. Sec. 600. Bidders may not Assign or Transfer their Bids. — Bids or inter- ests in bids cannot be transferred or assigned to o her parties. Bidders will, there- fore, take notice that they will be expected to perform the service awarded to them through the whole contract term. Sec. 601. Contracts in Name of United States, and Awarded to Lowest Bidder. — All contracts for carrying the uudl shaU be in the name of the United States, and shall be awarded to the lowest biilder tendering suffi- cient guarantees for faithfid performance, without other reference to the mode of transportation than may be necessary to provide for the due celerity, certainty, and security thereof; but the l*ostnmster-General 142 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. shall not be bound to consider the bid of any person who has willfully or negligently tailed to perform a former contract. (R. S., § 3049.) Sec. 602. New Sureties on Contracts may be B,ec[uired or Accepted. — The Postmaster-Greneral, whenever he may deem it consistent with the pub- lic interest, may accept or require new surety upon any contract existing or hereafter made for carrying the mails, in substitution for and release of any existing surety. (R. S., § 3955, as amended by act of March 3, 1879, § 30, 20 Stat., p. 362.) See. 603. Bidder Failing, Contract with other Persons Authorized. — After any regular bidder whose bid has been accepted shall fail to enter into contract for the transportation of the mails according to his proposal, or, having entered into contract, shall fail to commence the performance of the service stipulated in his or their contract, as therein provided, the Postmaster-General shall proceed to contract with the next lowest bidder or bidders in the oixler of their bids, for the same service, who will enter into a contract for the performance thereof, unless the Postmaster-G-eneral shall consider such bid or bids too high, and in case each of said bids shall be considered too high, then the Postmaster-General shall be authorized to enter into contract, at a price less than that named in said bids, with any person, whether a bidder or not, who will enter into contract to i>erform the service in accordance with the terms and provisions prescribed for the execution of other con- tracts for similar service; and in case no satisfactory contract can be thus obtained, he shall readvertise such route. (R. S., § 3951, as amended by act August 11, 1876, 19 Stat., p. 129.) Sec. 601. Contractor failing, Contracts with Other Persons Authorized. — And if auy bidder whose bid has been accei)ted, and who has entered into a contract to perform the service according to his proposal, aud in pursuance of his contract has entered upon the performance of the service, to the satisfaction of the Postmaster-General, shall subsequent- ly fail or refuse to perform the service according to liis contract, the Postmaster-General shall proceed to contract with the next lowest bidder for such service, under the advertisement thereof, (unless the Postmaster-General shall consider such bid too high) who will enter into contract and give bond, with sureties to be approved by the Post- master-General, for the faithful performance thereof, in the same pen- alty and with the same terms and conditions thereto annexed as were stated and contained in the bond which accompanied his bid : and in case said next lowest bidder shall decline to enter into contract for the per- formance of sueli service, then the Postmaster-General may award the service to, ami enter into contract witli, any person, whether a bidder on said route or not, who will enter into contract to perform the service and execute a bond of like tenor and effect as that required of bidders, in a penalty to be prescribed, and with sureties to be approved by the Post- master-Generid, for the i)erforman('o of the service contracted to be per- formed at a price not exceeding that named in the bid of the said next TITLE III TRANSPORTATION OF THE MAIL. 143 lowest bidder; and if no contract can be secured at the price naiiiod in said next lowest bid, then the Postmaster-Creneral shall jn-od'cd to secure a contract, at a price not considered too hv^h, with any i>crson who will execute such contract in accordance with the law ai)])licable thereto, jiivin-x, in all cases, the in-cfcrence to the regular biddiu's on the list whose bids do not exceed the price at which others will contract there- for; and if no satisfactory contract can be thus secured the route shall be readvortised. (Ibid.) Sec. 605. Temporary Contracts Authorized at last Contract Price. — AVlien- ever an accepted bidder shall fail to enter into contract, or a contractor on any mail -route shall fail or refuse to perform the service on said route accordinj;- to his contract, or when a new route shall be estab- lished or new service required, or when, from any other cause, there shall not be a contractor legally bound or required to perform such serv- ice, the Postmaster-General may make a temporary contract for carry- ing- the mail on such route, Avithout advertisement, for such period as may be necessary, not in any case exceeding six months,* until the serv- ice shall have commenced under a contract made according to law: Proridal, Jtoiccvcr, That the Postmaster-General shall not employ tem- porary service on any route at a higher price than that jiaid to the con- tractor Avho shall have performed the service during the last preceding contract term. "And in all cases of regular contracts hereafter made, the contract may, in the discretion of the Postmaster-General, be con- tinued in force beyond its express terms for a period not exceeding six months, until a new contract with the same or other contractors shall be made by the Postmaster-General." {Ibid.) Sec. 693. Penalty for Making Straw Bids. — Any i^erson or i)ersons bid- ding for the transportation of the mails upon any route which may be advertised to be let, and receiving an aAvard of the contract for such service, who shall wrongfully refuse or fail to enter into contract with the Postmaster-General in due form to perform the service described in his or their bid or proposal, or having entered into such contract shall wrongfully refuse or fail to perform such service, shall, for any such fail- ure or refusal, be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be punished by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars, and by imi)risonment for not more than twelve months. And the failure or refusal of any such l^erson or persons to enter into such contract in due form, or having en- tered into such contract, the failure or refusal to perform such service shall be j>>'N»rt facie evidence in all actions or prosecutions arising under this section that such failure or refusal was wrongful. (K. !S., § ."JlK'ji, as amended by act August 11, ISTO, 19 Stat., p. 129.) See 13 Opin., 473. Sec. 607. Contracts made without Advertisement. — The Postmaster-Gen- eral may enter into contracts for carrying the mail, with railroad com- panies, without advertising for bids therefor. (R. S., § 3942.) AVhen from any cause it may become necessary to make a new contract for *A biU is pendins (May, 1879) in Congress to make the time one year. 144 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. carrying the mails upon any water route between ports of tlie United States, upon which mail service has previously been performed, the Postmaster-General may contract with the owner or master of any steam- ship, steamboat or other vessel plying upon the waters or between ports of the United States, for carrying the mail upon said route for any length of time not exceeding four years and without advertising for proposals therefor whenever the public interest and convenience will thereby be promoted ; but tlie price paid for such service shall in no case be greater than the average price paid under the last preceding or then existing regular contract upon the same route. And the Postmaster-General may contract with the owners or masters of steamships, steamboats or other vessels plying upon the waters or between ports of the United States for carrying the mail^ upon such routes where no mail service has previously been performed, without advertising for proposals there- for; but no contract for such new service shall be for a longer time than one" year. No contract for carrying the mails between the United States and any foreign port shall be for a longer time than two years, unless otherwise directed by Congress. (E. S., §§ 3943, 3956, 3970, as amended by act May 17, 1878, § 5, 20 Stat., p. Gl.) Sec. 608. Mail Apartments to be Furnished on Mail Steamboats. — On routes where steamboat service is required, the contractor will be required to furnisb steam- boats wliicli are safe, suitable, and satisfactory to the Postmaster-General. As route-agents will be placed on each boat who will take entire charge of the malls and all mail matter, the contractor will be required to fit up, on each boat em- ployed in the service, a room suitable for an office, with a sleeping apartment attached, for the exclusive use of the route-ageut, and to furnish first-class board to such agent Avithout charge. Sec. 609. Contracts to be Executed in Duplicate. — Each contractor is re- quired to execute, with his sureties, contracts in dnplicate, both to be returned to the Second Assistant Postmaster-General. A copy will be furnished to the contractor if requested. Sec. 610. Term of Contracts. — No contract for carrying the mails shall be made for a longer term than four years. (R. S., §3950.) See section G07. Sec. 611. Time of Executing Contracts. — Contracts are to be executed and filed in the Department by or before the day specified in the advertisement for proposals, otherwise the accepted bidder will be considered as having failed, and the Postmaster-General may proceed to contract for the service with other parties accord- ing to law. Sec. 612. Payment on Contracts, — No person whose bid for carrying the mail is accepted shall receive any pay until he has executed his contract according to law and the regidations of the Department. (R. S., § 3959.) Payments will be made by collections from, or drafts on, postmasters or otherwise, after the expiration of each ([uarter — say in November, February, May, and August, provided that rciiuinMl evi(lcnci> of service lias b.'t^u received. Sec. 613. Causes for which Contracts may be Annulled. — Tlie Postmaster- General may annul a contract for repeated failures to run .agreeably to contract ; for assigning the contract ; for violating the iiost-office laws, or disobeying the instruc- tions of the Department; for refusing to discharge a carrier when required by the De- jiartmcnt to do so; or for transporting persons or jiackagos conveying mailable matter out of the mail. TITLE III — TRANSPORTATION OF THE ^rAI^. 145 Sec. 614. Contractors to Carry all Mails and Care for Mail-Bags. — (■mi- trac-tors aif ifqiiind, in all efial aj^ents of the I'ost- OlHco Dei)artnu'nt, al.so itost-ollicc blanks, mail-bag!4, locks and keys, are to l>c con- veyed without extra char}j;e. Sec. 616. When Postmasters may Employ Temporary Service. — When any contractor fails to coninienco the .service .stipulated in his contract, or jibandon.s the same, it is the duty of the postmaster at the head of the route (»'. e., the post-office first named in the advertisement and contract) to employ temporary .service at the lowest rate possible, but in no ease at a higher rate than that paid under tlie last pre- ceding regular contract, and to report the facts to the Second Assistant Postmaster- General innnediiitely. Sec. 617. After Contracts Expire Postmasters may not Pay for Service. — After the ex]iiration of a contract, ;ind until the Postmaster-General has decided upon a new contract, or upon the expediency of discontinuing the post-ofHce, postmasters cannot make any contract or ]iayment for service unless expressly .authorized to do so by the Postmaster-General. Sec. 618. Increase of Compensation for Increased Service. — Comi^ensation for additional service in carrying" the mail sliall not be in excess of the exact proportion which the original couii)ensation bears to the original service, and when any such additional service is ordered the snni to be allowed therefor shall be expressed in the order, and entered npon the books of the Department ; and no compensation shall be paid for additional rcgnlar service rendered before the issuing of such ore a true coi)y of the original by a postmaster at one of the termini of the route therein sublet. No subcontract can be recognized unless made with the original contractor. Sec. 627. Mail-Messenger Service. — In connection with railroad and steamboat routes, mail-messengers are designated to carry the mail to and from post- offices not at the termini of routes when such post-offices ai-e more than eighty rods (one-quarter of a mile) from the steamboat landing or railroad station. (1) Whenever it is necessary to secure such service, the postmaster at the post-office to be supplied is authorized, by special instructions iu each case, to advertise for sealed proposals for five or ten days, with instructions to forward to the Second Assistant Postmaster-General (unopened and iu one envelope) all proposals received, accompany- ing them with a copy of the notice posted and a reijort of his action in the nuitter. (2) The proposals are then opened by the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, and the lowest bidder is designated by au order as mail-messenger (unless the postmaster shall have reported that he is dishonest or incapable), and the postmaster is directed to pay him quarterly. (3) Mail-messengers are not required to execute a contract, and are not designated for a definite period, but arc expected to serve at the compensation proposed at least one year, or iiutil otherwise ordered by the Postmaster-General. (4) Railroad and steamboat contractors are to have the service performed at all post-offices not more than a quarter of a mile of their depots, stations, or landings, as well as at the terminal post-offices of their routes. (5) A postmaster cannot be allowed any compensation for this scr\ice performed by himself. * 148 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. (6) A niail-messeuger cannot he omployed Avitlioiit express authority from the Sec- ond Assistant Postmaster-General. (7) lie must he paid in full hy the postmaster before any payment is made to the contra<'tor or before making deposit. (8) He shonld be paid promptly at the close of every quarter out of any funds in the hands of the postmaster belonging to the United States, except money-order fnnds. (9) If not paid, the reason shonld be stated by the postmaster. If paid, the receipt should be transmitted at once to the Auditor. (10) If the original has been sent and lost, the postmaster should forward the dupli- cate, retaining an exact copy. (11) The payment must be made and the receipts taken to correspond vrith the reg- ular quarters, which end on the 31st of March, the 30th of June, the 30th. of Septem- ber, and the 31st of December. (12) Two receipts must be taken ("orignal" and "duplicate"). The original must be sent by the first mail to the "Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Olfice Depart- ment." The duplicate should be retained until sent for. (13) These receipts must be signed by the appointed mail-messenger himself, not by an agent. (14) If signed by a mark, they must be witnessed; if illegibly signed, the name must be plainly written underneath. (15) Deductions must be made for lost trips and noted on the face of the receipt. (16) The postmaster's name, not the assistant's, should be written in the body of the receipt. (17) Altered receipts will not be credited. Blank receipts will be supplied by the First Assistant Postmaster-General, Blank Agency. (18) The receipt must never be inclosed with the quarterly returns or with othci- papers. It should be sent in an envelope by itself. (19) The name of the postmaster and of the post-office must be written plainly. (20) Receipts must not be sent for amounts not actually paid. (21) If the iJostmaster has not sufficient funds to pay the whole amount dtic, he must pay what he has, send on the receipt for the amount paid, state the balance claimed to Ije due, and apply for a draft on some other oftice to pay it. (22) In making application for a draft a blank form must be used, which will be finnished by the Auditor if requested. (23) Drafts are not sent until applied for, nor for very small balances, except to close an account. (24) Advances made for this service will be refunded on application. {2')) Payments for this service must be charged in the "general account," and not in the " quarterly account-current." (26) Mail-messengers must take the usual oath of office, and transmit it to the Sec- ond Assistant Postmaster-General, Division of Inspection. See sections 24 and 25. Sec. 628. Mail-carriers to receive Mail for Delivery at next Post-office. — Every roiite-ageut, postal clerk, or other carrier of the mail sliall receive auy mail-matter presented to him, if properly prepaid by stamps, and deliver the same for mailing at the next post-office at which he arrives ; but no fees shall be allowed him tlierefor. (R. S., § 3980.) See Title IV, The Jiailicaij ^fail-^Scn'ice; see, also, section o.">5. When any projierly-iirepaid mail-matter is presented to an emplovt? of the railway- mail service, he compli(is with the ]>rovision8 of this section by depositing it in his mail-car, as all postal cars and mail apartments in cars and steamboats have been designated by the Postmastcr-Genenil as post-offices for the distribution of mail iu trmiait. See sectioii 708. TirLi: III TRANSPORTATION OF THE MAIL 149 CHAPTER FOUR. ADJUSTMENT OF COMPENSATION TO RAILROADS FOR CARRYING THE MAILS. Soc. CUD. Wl. 632. 633. 034. g3:.. 030. 037. 03S. Coiulitions of railway service ami rates of pay lor same, liefusal to provide ])ost-offico ear.s. Uiniensioiia of ami additional pay for po.st- oftiec ours. Cars to be fimiislied as re(]iiired by tho Post- master-Oeneral. JIail.s, how aud wlien to be weisluMl. llailroad eoin])auies to j^ive notice of their readiness for weinhiuij. Coniiiensatiou of railroads reduced teu per centum. Compensation of railroads reduced five per centum more. Congress may fix compensation to be paid land-grant railroads. Congress does fix compensation to be i)!iid said roads. 0.)9. 040. 641. 042. 043. 644. 645. 040. 647. 048. "When railroad eoiiipaiiie.s must deliver mails to post-ortii'es. !Mails not to be can-ied beyond termini of routes without authority. Knowledge of specific requiremouts of serv- ice, how obtained. Postmaster (Teneral to decide what ti'.iins shall carry the mail. Railway company must carry mails ou any train. Must carry .supplies and special agents. AVhon mail may be carried on railway routes by hoi'so express. Eailwaj- compiuiies to report receipts and ex- penses. Communications aflfecting pay of railroads, how addressed. Auditor to furnish instructions respecting financial agent. Sec. 629. Conditions of Railway service and Rates of Pay for same.— The rostiiia.ster-Goiieral is autliorized and directed to readjust the compen- sation hereafter to be paid for the transportation of mails on railroad routes upon the conditions and at the rates hereinafter mentioned: First. That the mails shall be conveyed with due frequency and speed; and that sntticient and suitable room, tixtures, and furniture, in a car or apartment jiroperly lighted and warmed, shall be provided for route- agents to accompany and distribute the mails. Second. That the pay per mile per annum shall not exceed the follow- ing- rates, namely : On routes carrying their whole length an average weight of mails per day of two hundred pounds, fifty dollars; live hun- dred pounds, seventy-live dollars ; one thousand jiouuds, one hundred dollars; one thousand live hundred pounds, one hundred and twenty- live dollars; two thousand pounds, one hundred and fifty d<»llars: three thousand five hundred pounds, one hundred and seventy-five dollars ; five thousand pounds, two hundred dollars, and twenty-five dollars ad- ditional tor every additional two thousand pounds, the average Aveight to be ascertained, in every case, by the actual weighing of the mails for such a number of successive working-days, not less than thirty, at such times, after June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and not less frequently than once in every four years, and the result to be state«l and verified in such form and manner as the rostmaster-General uuiy direct. (K. S., § 4002.) Sec. 630. Refusals to Provide Post-office Cars. — In case any railroad com- pany now furnishing railway post-office cars shall refuse to provide such 150 POSTAL LAWS AXD EEGULATIONS. cars, such company sliall not be entitled to any increase of comi)ensation under the pro\isions of the next section. (R. S., § 4003.) Sec. 631. Dimensions of and Additional Pay for Post-office Cars. — Addi- tional pay nia}' be allowed for c\Try line comprising' a daily ti'ip each way of railway post-office cars, at a rate not exceeding twenty-live dol- lars per mile per annum for cars forty feet in length; and thirty dollars 2>er mile per annum for forty -five-foot cars; and forty dollars pet mile per annum for fifty-foot cars ; and fifty dollars per mile per annum for fifty-five to sixty -foot cars. (E. S., § 4004:) Provided, That the Post- master-General may use such portion of the postal-car service appropri- ation as may be spared from it to supply any deficiency that may arise from insufficient appropriations in the item for railway transportation. (Act of March 3, 1879, § 1, 20 Stat., p. 357.) Sec. 632. Cars to be Furnished as Required by the Postmaster-General. — All cars or parts of cars used for the railway mail service shall be of such style, length, and character, and furnished in such maimer, as shall be required by the Postmaster-General, and shall be constructed, fitted up, maintained, heated, and lighted by and at the expense of the railroad companies. (Act of March 3, 1870, § 4, 20 Stat., p. 358. See R. S., § 4005. ) Sec. 633. Mails, How and When to be Weighed.— The Postmaster-Gen- eral is hereby directed to have the mails weighed as often as now pro- vided by law by the employes of the Post-Office Department, and have the weights stated and verified to him by said employes, under such in- structions as he may consider just to the Post-Office Department and the railroad companies. (Act of March 3, 1875, § 1 ; 18 Stat., p. 342.) Sec. 634. Railroad Companies to Give Notice of their Readiness for Weighing. Tlie transportation of mails is autliorized on railroad routes "with the nndestandiug tliat the rate of compensation shall be determined ujion returns showing the amount and character of the service, to he made within twelve months from the date of its commencement, or eai'lier if the Dei>artment so elect, and no payment Avill be made except upon the basis of snch returns. The mails should not be weighed until the service is fairly established on the route, and when the company is sat islied that this is accomplished, the fact should be reported to the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, wbo directs the weighing of mails. Sec. 635. Compensation of Railroads Reduced Ten Per Centum. — The f*ost- master-General is hereby authorized and directed to readjust the com- ])ensation to be paid from and after the first day of July, eighteen hun- dred and sevent3'-six, for transportation of mails on railroad-routes by reducing the compensation to all railroad companies for the transporta- tion of mails ten per centum per annum from the rates fixed and allowed by [section 020J [the first .section of an act entitled "Aw act mahing appro- ■priatioriii for the ner vice of the l*ost- Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy four, and for other purposes,^'' approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-three], for the transportation of mails on the basis of the average weight. (Act of Jidy 12, 1870, § 1, 10 Stat., ]). 7!).) Tliis .act does not att'ect the coiiipeiisiitiou for railway postal cars, provided forinthe ' act of March 3, 1873 (section G31, supra). Opin. Att'y-Gen. Taft, Oct. 7, 187G. TITLE III TRANSPORTATION OF THE MAIL. 151 This act was not iutfiulod to utlVct existing contracts. Oiiin. Att'y-Gen. Taft, Dec. 21, 187fi. Sec. 636. Compensation of Railroads Reduced Five Per Centum More. — The Postniiistcr-CJcnenil is licreby aiitlioiizcil and dircctcil to readjust tlie compensation to be paid from and after the first day of July, ('i;fl)teeu hundred and seventy-eiftht, for transportation of mails on railroad routes by rediu'inu" the compensation to all railroad companies for the trans- portation of mails five per centum per annum from the rates for the transportation of mails, on the basis of the average weight fixed and allowed by the [preceding section] [Jin-f ftcctinii of an act entitled ^^ An act maldny aiipropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy seven, and for other _p«>7>o.sY'.v," approved July ticelfth, eighteen hundred and seventy- six]. (Act of June 17, 1878, § 1, 20 Stat., p. 112.) Sec. 637. Congress may Fix Compensation to be Paid Land-Grant Railroads. — All railway companies to which the United States have furnished aid by grant of lands, right of way, or otherwise, shall carry the mail at such T)rices as CongTess may by law provide; and, until such ])rice is fixed by law, the Postmaster-General maj' fix the rate of compensation. (R. S., § 4001.] For riglils and oljligations of land-grant roads under this section, vide 13 Opins. , 445, 5;?G; 14 Opins., 428, 6G3, etc. Sec. 638. Congress does Fix Compensation to be Paid said Railroads. — Rail- road comi)anies whose railroad was constructed in whole or in part by a land-grant made by Congress on the condition that the mails should be transported over their road at such price as Congress should by laAv direct, shall receive only eighty per centum of the compensation author- ized by [this act] [section 6'So.] (Act of July 12, 187G, § 13, 19 Stat., p. 82.) Sec. 639. When Railroad Companies must Deliver Mails to Post-Offices. — Railroad companies are required to take the mails from and deliver them into the terminal post-offices, and to all intermediate post-offices located not over eighty rods from the line of road, and the distances from the terminal depots to the post-offices, where railroad companies deliver the mails, are paid for by the Department as a part of the length of the route. Sec. 640. Mails not to he Carried beyond Termini without Authority. — lu case railroads are extended or tiains run lieyond the termini of the route on which the transportation of mails is duly authorized, the mails must not he carried beyond the termini of the route until the additional service is ordered by the Second Assistant Postuiaster-Cicneral. Sec. 641. Knowledge of Specific Requirements of the Service, how Obtained. — The rates of eorai>ensation are computed upon the average weight of mails per day carried the whole length of the route ; but the rates fixed by law requir*' not only a certain weight of mails, but also that the mails shall be carried with due frequency and speed, and that suitable room, fixtures and furniture shall be provided in a car or apartment of cur. properly lighted and wanned, for route-agents to accoiniiany and distribute the nuiilsas accessories to the weight of mails, in order to entitle a company to the maximum rates of pay. The specific re(]uiremeuts of the service, with regard to these items, will be made known through the General Superinteudeut of the Kail- 152 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. way-Mail Service. Tlie requiroineiit as to due frequency, and the size of tlie mail-car or apartuient, are at all times to be determined by the Department. Sec. 642. Postmaster-General to Decide what Trains shall Carry the Mail. — The Postmaster-General shall, in all cases, decide upon what trains and in what manner the mails shall be conveyed. (Act of March 3, 1879, § 3, 20 Stat., p. 358.) Sec. 643. Railway Company must Carry Mails on any Train. — Every rail- way company carrying" the mail shall carry on any trains which may run over its road, and without extra charge therefor, all mailable matter directed to be carried thereon, with the person in charge of the same. (R. S., § 4000.) Sec. 644. To Carry Supplies and Special Agents. — Eailroad Companies are required to convey, without specific charoje therefor, all mail-bags, post-office blanks, and stationery supplies. Also, to convey, free of charge, all duly-accredited Special Agents of the Department, on the exhibition of their credentials. Sec. 645. When Mail may be Carried on Railway Routes by Horse Express. — If the Postmaster-General is unable to contract for carrying the mail on any raihva}' route at a compensation not exceeding the maximum rates herein provided, or for what he may deem a reasonable and fair compen- sation, he may separate the letter-mail from the other mail, and contract, either with or without advertising, for carrying such letter-mail by horse- express or otherwise, at the greatest speed that can reasonably be ob- tained, and for carrying the other mail in wagons, or otherwise, at a slower rate of speed. (R. S., § 3999.) Sec. 646. Railroad Companies Requested to Report Receipts and Expenses. — The Postmaster-General shall request all railroad comi)anies transport- ing the mails to furnish, under seal, such data relating to the operating, receipts and expenditures of such roads as may, in his judgment, be deemed necessary to enable him to ascertain the cost of mail transporta- tion and the proper compensation to be paid for the same; and he shall, in his annual report to Congress, make such recommendations, founded on the information obtained under this section, as shall, in his opinion, be just and equitable. (Act of March 3, 1S79, § 0, 20 Stat., p. 358.) Sec. 647. Communications Affecting Pay of Railroads, How Addressed.— All comnnuiications aft'eetiug the pay for carrying the mails, or so intended, must bo made in writing at the time the service is rcndcied for which payment is desired, and must be addressed to tlie St^eond Assistant Tostmaster-General. Sec. 648. Auditor to Furnish Instructions Respecting Financial Agent As boon as service is conuuenccd on a route, npi)licntion should benuule tothe Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Ofiice Department for instructions respecting the designa- tion of a liuuucial agent to receive and receijit for auioiuits due for caiTyiug the mail. TITLE III TRANSrORTATION OF THi: MAIL. 153 CIIxVPTKli FIVE. FOREIGN MAIL SERVICE. SpC. Sec. 649. Tiniisiiortatioii of (Idiiicslic mails tliiough ! 053. ]Iow (oifi;.'ii iiiail.s may l)f» carrif«l. l'orei;;ii ciiuntrivs. 054. Limit of I'uuiiK'UMUtiuii lor cairjiDg foreign C.'iO. Tr!iiis|ioitatioii of foroign mails tbrongh tbc mails. United Statrs. Co."). Foreign mail contrartrirs mn\ lie fiiu-il. 651. Foiiijiii mails in transit to bo treati-d as do- j 656. Foreign mail contracts may be teniiinated by mestie. Congress. 652. Contracts for carrying foreign mails. Sec. 649. Transportation of Domestic Mails Through Foreign Countries. — The rostiiia.stt'r-Ck'iicral, after adverti.siiij;- for proposaLs, may enter into contraets or make suitable arrangements for transportin.^- the mail through any foreign country, between any two points in the United States, and such tran.sportation shall be by the speediest, safest, and most economical route ; and all contracts therefor may be revoked when- ever any new road or canal shall be opened affording a speedier, more economical, and equally safe transportation between the same points; but in 3ase of the revocation of any such contract a fair indemnity shall be awarded to the contractor. (II. S.. § 4000.) Sec. 650. Transportation of Foreign Mails through the United States. — The Postmaster-General may, by and witli the advice and consent of the Presionipanies- Sec. 657. Record of Arrivals and Departures of the Mail. — The Postmas- ter-General shall furnish to the ])(>stmastcrs at the termination ot each route a schedule of the time of arrival and departure of the mail at their TITLE III — TRANSPORTATION OF THK MAIL. 155 [post-]offices, respectively, to be posted in a conspicuous place in the [post-] oftice; and lie shall also fiivc thcni notice of any chanu'c in the arrival and dei)artnre that nuiy be ordered; and he shall eausr to be kept and returned to the Department, at short and regular intervals, registers, showing the exact times of the arrivals and departures of the mail. (K. S., § 3S41.) Sec. 658. Postmasters' Report of Arrivals and Departures of the Mails. — Postiua.sters at the end of ovcry i»iail-it>ut<>, and at sucli other iMi.st-oniccs as the P(istina.sti'r-G(>ii('ral may direct, will he funiislitsd with hhiuk forms from the office of the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, Division of Insi)ection, ni)on which they will report the exact times of the arrival and departures of all the mails which are opened at their post-offices, as recjuired in the precedinecified in the contract or schedule, it will be expected of every coutractor immediately, by himself or agent, to send his excuse to the Second Assist.ant Postmaster-General, Division of Inspectiou, setting forth particularly the cause of the failure. A specific excuse is reqiiirtnl for each dcliuquenciy of a coutractor, and general allegations will not be admitted. If bad roads be alleged, a si>ecific rei)ort must be made of what portion of the road was so bad as to obstruct the mails, and what was its peculiar condition; if high waters, it nuist be shown what water-courses were impassable ; aud so of all other excuses. If part of the trij) only was performed, tiie report must show what part, and give the distance traveled. Sec. 668. Causes for which Forfeitures must Occur In all cases there will be a forfeiture of the \y.iy of the trip wlieu the tri^t is not run — of not more than three times the pay of the trip when the trip is not run aud no sufficient excuse for the failure Is furnished, aud a forfeiture of at least oue-fourth part of it when the running or arrival is so far behind time as to lose the coiniectiou with a depending mail. These forfeitures may bo inureaseil iuto penalties of higlicr amount, according to the uatiu-e TITLE III TRANSPORTATION OF THE MAIL. 157 or frp([noncy of the failnrps ami tlio inqiortancc of tlio mail. Whoiipvor it shall bi» sati.sfaotorily shown that the contractors, their carrif-rs oraj^rnts, have, for f Ik* accom- modation of passenjjers, left or put aside the mail, or any portion of it, or have failed to deliver aniail at a post-ottiee immediately npon aiTival, thi-y shall forfeit not ex- ceediiifi a (juarter's ])ay. Sec. 689. Causes for which Fines will be Imposed. — Fines Avill l>o imposetl, nnless the dr]in(|iieney lie sat iKfactorily exi)liiiiied in due time, for each of tlie follow- ingeanses: Failinj; to take from or deliver at a ])ost-oHiee the mail or any part of it; for 8nfterin<;- it to he wet, injured, lost, or destroyed ; for eonvcyinf? it in a place or manner that exposes it to deprcd.-ition, loss, or injury; for refusing, after demand, to convey a mail hy any coach, railroad, ear, or steamboat, which the contractor regularly rnns, or is concerned in running, on the route, beyond the specified number of trips in the contract ; for not arriving at the time lixed by the schedule ; the penalty to be exacted being eijual to a (jnarter's pay. Sec. 670. Deductions and Fines upon Railroad Companies. — Tlie Postmas- ter-General sliall deduct from the pay of the railroad companies, for every failure to deliver a mail within its schedule time, not less than one- half of the price of the trip, and ^\'here the trip is not i)erfonued, not less thau the price of one trip, and not exceeding, in either case, the price of three trii).s : Provided, however, That if the failure is caused by a connect- ing' road, then only the connecting road shall be fined. And where such failure is caused by unavoidable casualty, the Postmaster-General, in his discretion, may remit the fine. And he may make deductions and ijupose fines for other delinquencies. (Act March 3, 1S79, § 5, 20 Stat., p. 358.) Sec. C71. Term "mail-lw^s" incliidps, -what. 672. Every mail-route must be supplied with mail- bags. C73. Applications for mail-bags must state, wliivt. 674. Applications for supplies to Second Assistant Postmastci'-General. 075. Repairs of mail-bajrs by postmasters, etc. 676. Mail-bags in tnnisit becoming unsouud. 677. What mutilation of a mail-bag may be al- lowed. 678. Sacks containing public documents. 671). Damaged mail-bags at post-olKces which are mail-bag depositories. 680. Surplus mail-bags not to accumulate. 681. Equal exchange or reciprocal return of locked pouches. 682. Eegister of outgoing and incoming mails to be kept. 083. Xames of depositories for mail-bags and locks. 684. Account of depository iJost-oflices to be ren- dered. 685. Surplus stock to be kept apart from the cur- rent stock. 686. Legitimate use of mail-bags restricted, to what. 687. Canvas sacks may be taken by publishers, when. CHAPTER SEVEN, MAIL EaUIPMENTS. I Sec. 688. Wa.ste or abu.se of mail-b.'igs to be prevented. 689. Mail-bags not to be purchased by postmas- ters. 600. ilail-catcliers, how furni.shed. 691. Applications for maU- bags, etc., to state rea- sons. 692. Mail-locks and keys by whom furnished. 093. C.ire of mail-keys, penalty for hiss. 094. Mail-keys to have a .specific number. 695. Exchange of mail-keys by railway mail em- ployes. 696. Receipts to be always taken for mail-keys. 697. Repairing mail-locks and keys foi'bidden. 698. Defective keys to be reported to the Depart- ment. 699. Brass locks not to be sent to iron-lock post- offices. 700. Proper course when defective key will not open mail-lock. 701. Proper course when defective lock cannot be opened. 702. Fastening strap never to be cut. 703. Economy in the u.ie of mail-locks. 704. Unlawful use of mail-bags to be reported to the Depaitmeut. 705. How to address communications on mail i equipments. Sec. 671. Term "Mail-bags" Includes, what. — The general term "?«a estahlislied rejiair-shops, under such special instructions as may from time to time lu' received from tiie Second Assistant rostmaster-Cicneral. Sec. 680. Surplus Mail-bags not to Accumulate. — Surplus mail-bags iiiiist not he allowed to accumulate and fall into disuse iu any itost-oflice not a depository for mail-haj^s. All such, whether iu good condition or not, must be forwarded to the nearest mail-hai; depository. Sec. 681. Equal Exchange or Reciprocal Return of locked Pouches. — The use of locked pouches (for letter mails) must he controlled hy the rule of etiou are re([uired by law to be purcliasod by the Postmaster-General, under contract male with the lowest bidder, after advertisement for proposals. Tliey are not to ha piirclias^d by postnrastiu's or mail-contractors, and no allowance will be made for mail-bags purchased by them without special instructions from the Depart- ment. Sec. 699. Mail-catchers, how Famished. — Mail-catchers (for use Avliere they are allowed by tlu>. D.'pavtmunt) are fiiruished on ai)plication to the office of the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, Division of Mail Eiiuipments. Sec. 691. Application for Mail-bags, etc., to State Reasons. — Every applica- tion for mail-bags and mail-catchers must state fully the reasons which makeanaddi- ti(Mial supi»ly necessary. Sec. 632. Miil Locks and Keys, by whom Famished.— Mail locks and keys arc furnished from tho office of the Second Assistant Postmastcr-Goncral, Division of TITLE III— TRANSPORTATION OF TIIK MAIL. 101 Mail Ef|ni[)inp.nts. Applications for mail locks or keys must always assign the reasons tliiTclor. Sec. 693. Care of Mail-keys — Penalty for Loss. — The careful ii.se of inail- locks anil the safe-keepiu}; of mail-keys are e.ssential to the integrity of the ]>ostJil service. The mail-key must never bo exposed to public observation nor placed where it may bo lost or stolen. It must not be siilfered to pass, even for a moment, into the hands of any person not a sworn officer of the Post-Offieo Department. Tiie safe-keep- ing of the mail-key is cue of the expressed conditions of the official bond of every postmaster. The loss of a mail-key, as it may afford peculiar facilities for stealing from the mails, is au act of carelessness likely to be more pernicious to the service than almost any other a postmaster or agent of the Department can commit. It is therefore deemed sufficient cause for removing the postmaster or agent so oftending, enforeiu"' the penalty of the official bond of the former, and even in certain cases for discontinu- ing the post-offiee. Sec. 694. Mail-keys to have a Specific Number. — The inail-key.s bear, each of them, a ditt'erent number stamped upon them. Every postmaster or eraploy6 to whom such keys are intrusted will be charged therewith and held to a strict account therefor. On the receipt of any such mail-key by a postmaster, he should make a record, to be kept in his post-office, of the date of its receipt and of the number stamped upon it. Whenever such or any other mail-key shall afterwards be referred to, in any communication to the Department, its number must invari.ably be specified. Every casualty whatever concerning a mail-key must bo proinjitly reported. Sec. 695. Exchange of Mail-keys by Railway Mail Employes. — In all cases . of an exchange of routes between employes of the Railway Mail Service, there must also be an exchange of mail keys between them, so that every mail-key shall always be retained in the particular office for which it was originally furnished by the Depart-; - ment, and never be taken away for use elsewhere. Sec. 696. Receipts to be always Taken for Mail-keys. — Xo mail-key shall 1 be transferred or exchanged except to a successor in office, nor be funushed nor loaned without special instructions from the Department. No such key, not obtained directly • from the Department or from a predecessor in office, shall 1)o kept or detained, but promptly returned to the Department, with a full report of facts in relation to it. If ' a mail-key be received from a discontinued post-office, or elsewhere, it nnist be sent without delay to the Department by the postmaster receiving it, stating whea andT from whom it was received by him. Whenever a retiring postmaster turns over a mail-key, he must obtain and transmit to the Second Assistant Postmaster-General a receipt for the same, specifying the number stamped upon it, in order that he may receive due credit on the books of the Department, and he and his sureties be released from all further responsibility therefor. Sec. 697. Repairing Mail-locks and Keys Forbidden. — Xo attem])t shall be made to have a mail-key or a mail-lock repaired ; nor to pry into the interualniechan- - ism of any maildock. No damaged or defective mail-key shall be kept in post-offices, but each one. as soon as it becomes damaged or defective, must be jiromptly returned ' to the Department with an exjilanatory letter. With every application for a new mail-key in lieu of one broken, the broken parts must be inclosed, and the- number of ' the broken key stated. Sec. 698. Defective Keys to be Reported to the Department. — \Mien a mail- key is perceived to be much worn and becoming defective, timely notice should be given of the fact, always stating the number of the key, so that a new one may be furnished before the old one becomes entirely useless; the latter to be returned to the. Department. Whenever extra keys are fnrnislieartment the facts and proofs to sustain a prosecution against the otfeuder. Sec. 705. How to Address Communications on Mail Equipments. — All coui- lunnications re(piired by this chapter to be sent to the Department nuist be addressed to the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, Division of Mail E(iuipments. Such com- munications must invarialdy give the name of the post-office, county, aud State from which they are sent, and must not embrace any other subject. TITLE IV. THE KAII.WAY MAIL SERVICE. CHAPTER ONE. 0RGANI2ATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS. Sec, j Sec. 706. The General Snpcrintendeut of Railway Mail 710. Appointment of employes. Service. | 711. TTnifomi for employes. 707. Division .Superintendents. I 712. Division Superintendents not to recoiuniend 708. "Offices" — post-offices for distributing mail appointjncnts. in transit. 713. Assignment of Chief Head Clerks. 709. Employes of Railway Mail Service. | Sec. 706. The General Superintendent of Railway Mail Service. — The Postm.ister-Geiioral has vested the jienpral supervision of the distrihution ami dispatch of mails at post-oftiees and iu transit upon railroad and steanihoat routes in the Gen- eral Superintendent of Railway Mail Service, with headquarters at Washington, D. C, and in the Superintendents under his directions. Sec. 707. Division Superintendents. — For the puriwse of securing effi- ciency in the dispatch and distribution of mails, the United States has heen divided into nine divisions, each of which is in charjie of a .Superintendent, as follows: First Divi.^iox.— Comprising the New England Staies.^Hcadquarters of Siiperiii' tendent, Boston, Mass. Second Division. — Comprising New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and the Eastern .Shore of Maryland.— Tifertrf^/Mrtrfers of SKpcrinteiidcnf, Xew York, X. Y. Thiho Division. — Comprising Maryland (excluding the Eastern Shore), North Caro- lina, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District o{ Co\umbia.-^Readquarters of Stiperin' tendent, Richmond, Va. Fourth Division. — Comprising South Carolina, Georgi.a, Florida, Alabama, Missis- sippi, and Louisiana. — HeadquarUrs of Superintendent, Atlanta, Ga. Fifth Division. — Comprising Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee. — Head- quarters of Superintendent, Cincinnati, Ohio. Sixth Division. — Comprising Wi.sconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, and Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and the Territories of Dakota and Wyoming. — Head- quarters of Superintendent, Chicago, IU, Seventh Division. — Comprising Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Texas, Colorado, the Indian Territory, and New Mexico. — Headquarters of Superintendent, Saint Louis, Mo. Eighth Division. — Comprising California, Nevada, Oregon, and the Territories of Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Washington. — Headquarttrs of Su2icrln- tendent, Sost-offices for the distribution of mail-matter iu transit. To distin- guish these traveling post-offices from ordinary i)ost-offices, they are designated iu the regulations as "Offices." Sec. 709. Employes of Railway Mail Service. — In the Postal Eegnlations the word "emidoyes" is used to designate all railway ijost-office clerks, route-agents, and nuiil-route messengers. Local mail-agents retain their present designation. Sec. 710. Appointment of Employes. — Appointments to the railway mail ser\-ice are made upon the recommendation of the General Superintendent. All ap- pointments are originally made for six months only, and at the expiration of that time, if the record and final examination of the person temporarily appointed are satis- factory, he receives a permauent appointment. All promotions are made upon the recommendation of the General Superintendent, based upon the report of the Division Superintendent as to good conduct, faithful service, and efficiency, and all such reports must be accompanied by the employe's full record, including case examinations and facing-slips. Sec. 711. Uniform for Railway Mail Employes. — Postal clerks, ronte- agents, and mail-route messengers shall not be required to wear uniform other than a cap or badge. (Act of March 3, 1879, section 1, 20 Stat., p. 357.) The uniform cap required by this section of the law to be worn by employes is regulation navy, three inches deep. If inch front, with black corded silk band ; cloth to be full indigo dark navy blue ; lining of caji to be silesia, and oil-glazed cover; the cap to bear upon its front the letters " E. M. S." in silver, surrounded by a gold wreath. The Postmaster-General is satisfied that the adoption of a uniform for the railway mail service has been productive of great good to the service by elevating its tone and inspiring a feeling of manly pride in the corps, which has greatly increased its efficiency. While the law forbids him to require any uniform to be worn other than a cap or badge, and no distinction can be made between those who wear the entire uniform and those who do not, he believes that the interests of the service will be pro- moted and the safety of the mails increased if all the employes, of their own free will and accord, continue to wear the entire uniform formerly required — a uniform which any man should be proud to wear in view of the honorable record which the railway mail service of the United States has made since its organization. Sec. 712. Division Superintendents not to recommend Appointments. — Divi- sion Superintendents must confine themselves in their recommendations for promo- tions in the railway mail service to the fact as to whether, in their opinion, the person recommended would make an efficient employ^, and must not recommend, directly or indirectly, any person for appointment. Sec. 713. Assignment of Chief Head Clerks. — Division Superintendents may assign to duty (when necessary, subject to the approval of the General Superin- tendent) ns chief liead clerks of railAvay mail service, such employes as in their judg- ment are bijst qualilied to discharge the duties expected of them, and the duties of such chief head clerks will ))e to make examination of the men under their charge; to see that they perforuj all the duties required of them promptly and thoroughly ; to see that the schemes furnished are kopt corrected, and that all orders issued by the Division Superintendent are pronq»tly executed. All irregularities, insubordination, inefficien- cies, and lax morality occurring on xoutes under their charge nuist be reported to their Division Superintendent at once.. TITLE IV THE RAILWAY ^LVIL SERVICE. 163 CHAPTER TWO. INSTRUCTIONS TO EMPLOYES HANDLING ORDINARY MAIL- MATTER. S.C. 7U. 715. 71G. 717. 718. 719. 720. 721. 722. 726. 729. 730. 731. 732. 733. 734. 735. 73e. 737. 738. 739. 740. 741. 742. 743. 744. 745. 746. 747. 748. 749. 750. 751. 752. 753. 754. Kiniiloyea to carry instnu'tion.s with them. Kiniiliiyds to rcjwrt errors discovered in the I'ostiil (Jiiido. Enijiloyes to bo oxaniiued in the postal laws and regulations. Oiw wnployo to have charge of Otlicc. Accountability of employ^ in char-re of Office. Assistants to obey enii>loy6 incharjje. Receiving mail at cars; canceled stamps to be refused. Cancellation of postage-stamps. Postmarking stamps not to be used for cancel- lation. Keceiving and delivering second-class mail at cars. Mail to be made up by States. Separate mail for delivery and mail for distri- bution. Direct packages. Letters must not be placed in pouch loose. Facing-slips to bo used. Checking errors. Di.spositir violations. j:^"For instructions as to handling registei-ed matter, see Title V, The Registry System of the United States. Sec. 714. Employes to Carry Instructions -with Them. — Each eini)loy^, when on dnty, must have with him cither the volume of Postal Laws and Regulations of th3 latest edition, or so much thereof as relates to the railway mail-.service and 166 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. registry system of the United States, copies of current "Orders" affecting Lis line, "Schemes of distribution," latest " Postal Guide," and copy of "Schedule of mail- trains." Sec. 715. Employes to Report Errors Discovered in the Postal Guide. — Every employe detecting errors in the United States Official Postal Guide must report the same at once to his Division Superintendent, in order that it may he reported to the Department for correction. Sec. 716. Employds to be Examined in the Postal Laws and Reg^ations. — At each examination of employes they will be required to answer questions touching the postal laws and regulations, and they must be thoroughly instructed on the rates of postage aud in the regulations of their own service and of the registry system of the United States. They must also be informed as to the duties of postmasters, so far as those duties affect the railway mail service. Sec. 717. One Employe' to have Charge of Office. — "WTiere there is more than one employe assigned to duty in an Office, one of the number will be designated to take charge of the same. Sec, 718. Accountability of Employe in Charge of Office. — The one so des- ignated will have charge of and be accountable for all property belonging in or pertain- ing to the Office, and he will for the time being have full charge of the same. It will be his duty to see that all necessary reports are made, that all distribution in the Office is correct, aud that all mails are properly made \ip and put upon the proper ix)ute to their destination. Sec. 719. Assistants to Obey Employ^ in Charge. — It will be the dutj' of his assistants to implicitly obey orders of the employe in charge, and no one on duty will consider his labors ended until the whole mail has been properly distributed, pouched, and transmitted. Sec. 720. Receiving Mail at Cars ; Cancelled Stamps to be Refused. — Let- ters and other proi)erly-prepaid mail-matter must be received at the Offices, and all employes who are required to open letter-boxes at stations and take mail therefrom must visit the boxes the last moment before leaving ; but employes are strictly pro- hibited from receiving from the imblic for mailing, matter on which the stamjis have been canceled. Sec. 721. Cancellation of Postage-Stamps. — Postage-stamps affixed to let- ters, packets, or parcels of any descrii)tion, and all stamped envelopes, newspaper wrap- pers, and postal cards, must be immediately and effectually canceled in the Office in which they may be deposited for transmission. The cancellation must be effected by the use of black i>rinting-ink wherever that material can be obtained; and where it cannot* the operation should be performed by making several heavy crosses or parallel lines U2)on each stamp with a pen dipped in good black writing-ink. Sec. 722. Post-marking Stamps not to be Used for Cancellaton. — The use of the Office rating or postmarking stamp as a canceling instrument is positively prohib- ited, inasmuch as the postmark when impi-essed on the postage-stamp is usually indis- tinct, and the cancellation effected thereby is imperfect. The postage-stamj) must, therefore, bo effectually canceled with a sej^arate instrument. Sec. 723. Receiving and Delivering Second-class Mail at Cars. — The Post- master-Geneial may provide by order the terms tii)on which route-agents may receive from i^ublishers or any news agents in cliarge thereof, ami i: maile up in seiiarate packajics. Sec. 726. Direct Packages. — Making a direct package i.s placing all let- tei'sfor on<^ OlHee or post-oflice in a i)ackii;ie by themselves, with :i plainly-addressed letter for sn< h Otticc or post-office faced out on each side. Sec. 227. Letters must not be Placed in Pouch Loose. — Letter and circnlar mail must always be properly." faced up" and tied in packages, and never placed in the pou( h loose. Sec. 728. Facing-slips to be Used. — Facing-slips must be placed upon all packages of letters and circulars (except those made npdirect for delivery, when the slip should be placed inside of each package, and he postmarked and bear the name of the person making the package and the direction moving), and in each canvas sack of newspapers, the same to be securely tied on the package, or if newspapei-s, placed in the hag, and have on each the address or destination of the package or sack, the postmark, with date, direction moving, and the name of the person making up the same. Sec. 729. Checking Errors. — All errors found in the distribution of a package of letters or in a sack of newspapers must be noted on the reverse side of the slip-covering or inside of the same, giving the name of the post-office and State, and the county when included in the superscription, adding thereto the name of the per- son noting the erroi*s, and postmark with date. Sec. 730. Disposition of Slips Received. — All slips received upon pack- ages of letter or circular mail or in sacks of newsiiaper mail must be preserved and forwarded to the Division Superintendent. Sec. 731. Distribution of Mails by Schemes. — Employes will carefully dis- tribute and make up maihs by the otldcial schemes which may be furnished them, and will conform to any changes that may be made in the same by the Superiuteudeiit of the Division, and will make up and exchange only such i)ouche8 as may be ordered by him. Sec. 732. Open and Distribute One Pouch or Sack at a Time. — Emidoyes will complete the distribution of the contents of one pouch or sack before opening an- other, so that any errors in disti'ibutiou or misseut mail may be correctly noted and reported. Sec. 733. Absence of Slips on Packages or in Sacks. — If no slips are re- ceived on the packages or in sacks, notify Division Superintendents, stating, if possi- ble, the line or post-office from which the mail was received, aud if newspaper mail, forward the label received ou the sack. Sec. 734. Sack to be Turned Inside Out. — Whenever a sack of newspaper mail is emptied the sack nuist be turned inside out, to make sure that no mail is left in it. Sec. 735. Pouches to be Examined. — In emptying a pouch great care must be taken that no mail is left therein ; and to be certain of this, it must be held so that the whole interior can be seen aud looked into, in each case, in addition to thoroughly shaking it. Sec. 736. Printed Labels to be Returned. — Printed wooden labels for sacks of newspaper mail and printed slide-lAbels tor pouches must be taken otf when the sacks or pouches arc opened, and returned by first mail to the post-office or Ofiice from which 168 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. they were received, the woodeu labels to he classed with newspaper mail and the slide- labels as letter mail. Uuder no circumstances are auy of such labels to be defaced or destroyed. Sec. 737. Trip Reports to be Forwarded. — Trip reports, together with all slips received, mast be properly tilled out and i)rom|)tly forwarded to the Division Superintendent at end of each triji. Be particular to give all the information called for by the trip report. Sec. 738. Vigilance Required in Guarding Mails. — All employes are ex- pected to use extraordinary vigilance in guarding the mails under their charge, which must not be left for a moment exposed, day or night, and especially in making transfers where there is considerable portage between trains. Should they become aware that the mails are so exposed at any time or place, they are required to note the sjiuie upon their trip-report, for the information of the Division Superintendent. When accom- panying the mails on other than regulation wagons, one of the employes should always sit in such position as to be able to instantly detect the loss of a pouch or sack. Sec. 739. Waste Paper and Twine to be Examined. — Waste paper and twine must be preserved and turned in at terminal post-of3fice, but carefully examined before being sent from the car, and the sack containing the same shall boar the words " Waste paper," and the postmark, witli date of time of sending it into the terminal post-ofitice. Sec. 749. Disposition of Unmailable Matter Found in the Mails. — Any em- ployd in whose Office shall be deposited for mailing domestic letters wholly unpaid, or on which less than one full rate of postage is paid, letters or packages bearing stamps that have been previously used, or stamps cut from stamped envelopes or wrappers, or packages of third or fourth class matter not fully pi-epaid, shall detain the same and turn them over to his Division Superintendent. It shall also be his duty to intercept aud withdraw from the mail all letters or packages of the second, third, or fourth class so incorrectly, illegibly, or insufficiently addressed that they cannot be forwarded to the persons for whom thoy are intended, or the addresses of which have become detached or erased ; all articles found loose in any pouch or sack, and any article which, by the rulings of the Department, has been declared unmailable because of its harmful nature, and forward the same to his Division Superintendent, Avith a statement giving the date and name of the post-office or other source from which such matter was re- ceived. Employes must not change the address upon such matter, aud no iudoraement upon a letter, or addition thereto in pencil or ink or any other way, will be permitted. Sec. 741. Unmailable Matter Forwarded to Superintendent. — All such mat- ter forwarded to the Division Superintendent must be accompanied by a slip addressed to the Superintendent, and bearing the name of the employ^ forwaixling the same, aud the postmark <»f his Office with date. Sec. 742. Mailable Matter Turned in as Unmailable to be Checked as Errors. — Any such mail-matter, the address on which is found in the latest current "Postal Guide," will bo noted as errors on the slip accompanying the same and charged agauist the employd. Sec. 743. Unmailable Matter to be Postmarked. — Unmailable matter of the first and secontl class sent to the Division Superintendent must be postmarked on the back. Sec. 744. Soldiers' and Sailors' Letters. — Soldiers' and sailoiV letters, duly certitiiMl, sliould be forwarded t]w same as pre]iaid matter. Sec. 745. Change of Schedules to be Reported. — Employ(^s are directed to notify the SuiKU-intendent of the Division of all elianges of schedules or running of trains ujion their r<'s]tective routes. Sec. 746. Letters Outside of Pouches to be Reported. — Emi)loyes will re- j i»orfc to the Division Superiutendeut each instance of liuding lotteiM under the strap or TITLE IV THE RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE. 169 attaclii'd to flu- outside of a poncli, j;i\in;j; iiiiinc of Ollice or post-onicc from \Tliich re- ceivt'd. Sec. 747. No Employ6 to be Absent without Leave. — Xo iiiiploy^ is allowi'd (o al)S(>nt hiiiisolf from his lim-, or U) excliaii;;!' nius witli an cmiiloy^ on tlic same or any other lino, withont the written jieniiission of tlm Division or (Jcrneral SiiixTintendeiit of Railway Mail Service. And any eniployd to whom a leave of iihsiniee is j^ranteil will be re(iuired to fnrnish a snitahle and comi>etent siilwtitute, ;it his own expense, nnless he can mak<' a satisfactory arrangement with the other ein]doyi^s on hi.s line to perform his duties during his absenci! ; such arrangement to he evidenced hy a memorandum, in writing, signed by .all the parties concerned, and to be filed with the Division Superintendent. But uo employd shall be absent for a period aggregating more than sixty days in any one ye.ar (computing from .January tirat) nor nmre tlian thirty consecutive days withont special authority from the Department. See sections 502, ;')((:{, TnxtriicttotiH to Pai/hig VontmaHtcrs. Sec. 748. In Case of Disability, Employe must Send Certificate. — In case an employe shall be disabled while in the actual discharge! of his duties as su(di by a railroad or other accident, ho shall forward to his Division Superintendent a sworn cer- tificate of his attending physician or surgeon, setting forth the nature, extent, and cause of his disability and the probable duration of the same. This certificate should be sworn to before a notary public, justice of the peace, or other ofticer authorized to ad- minister an oath who uses a seal. On receipt of this certificate, leave of absence, with ])ay, nuiy be granted to the disabled employ^ or employes on application to the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, Division of Inspection. But no leave of absence, with pay, granted under such circumstances, shall cover a period exceeding ninety days from the date the disability was received. But if at theriutendent of Railway Mail Ser%'ioe. Sec. 749. Employes' Record of Arrivals and Departures. — A record of ar- rivals and (lepartures will bi kept at each terminal post-offlce, or at some other place at each terminus of a run, to he designated by the Division Superintendent, in which «'ach employ^ is reqnired to sign in his own handwriting his name and the day and hour of the schedule arrival and departure of the train, and of his own arrival at and departure from the post-office or other place where the record is kept. Failure to do so will be regarded as a failure to perform service without excuse, and the employd will forfeit one day's pay for each failure to so sign, but such forfeiture shall not exceed one day's pay for any number of failures to sign on any one day. See section 499. Sec. 750. Posting Record-Book. — The person in char^te of the record of arrivals and departures must till up the blank spaces at the head of each page before the i)age is signed upon. Sec. 751. Partial Duty to be Noted on Record. — In case an employe does not perform duty over the whole length of the route, the portion over which he per- formed duty must be noted on the record. In case of a substitute, he will sign, in addi- tion to his own name, that of the employ^ for whom he is performing service. Sec. 752. Employ^ Paid for Daily Service. — The Department pays each employe for daily service whether ho is ou duty or not, and therefore has a right to dem.and service of him at any time. Sec. 753. Address of Employes. — Employes must keep the Division Su- perintendent advised of their full address. Sec. 754. Period of Duty — Emploj'^s must remain on duty the whole length of their allotted runs. Sec. 755. Employes must Accompany Mails to and from Post-Offices. — It is the duty of each employd to accompany the mails to and from the initial and terminal post-otlices of their respective runs. 170 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 756. Employes must Examine Offices at the End of Runs. — Employes will thoroughly examine their Offices before leaving, to see that uo mail is left therein, and that every precaution for the proper protection of the Office has been taken. Sec. 557. Replies to Official Communications. — Each employe is required to date and sign with his official signature all replies to official inquiries and other communications. Sec. 758. Who may have Access to Offices. — Tlie Office is for the exclusive accommodation of the mails and the persons specially appointed to take charge of the same . It is strictly private, not to be entered by any person except regular Special Agents of the Post-Office Dei)artment and persons who may be authorized by the General Super- intendent and Superintendents of the Railway Mail Service. The conductor of the train, however, will have access to the Office in the performance of his duties, and, in case of necessity, other railway employes may pass through, but none of them shall be allowed to remain therein. Sec. 759. Trip Permits to Ride in Offices. — ^Permits, signed by the General Superintendent Railway Mail Service, and countersigned by one of the Division Super- intendents, will be required (except for Special Agents of the Post-Office Department) as authority for riding in Offices. Without such permit no person except Special Agents of the Post-Office Department, who will be required by the employe in charge to show their commissions, will be allowed to ride in an Office. This applies to all employes in the service passing over lines to which they are not assigned. Sec. 760. All but Annual Permits to be Taken up. — Permits will be taken up by the employ^ in charge of the Office, who will affix his postmark, with date, also his name, on the reverse side, and forward to his Division Sui)eriutendent with his trip report, noting on the same the points between which the person rode in his Office. If it is an annual permit, it should not be taken up, but the number of it should be noted on the trip report, and also the points between which the holder rode in the Office. Sec. 761. Permits not good for Transportation. — A permit is in uo way to be considered as furnishing transportation to the person holding it, but simply as author- ity to ride in the Office, and the conductor must be notified, so that he may take up ticket* or pass, or collect fare. Sec. 762. Sale of Postage-Stamps by Employes. — Employes are required to keep constantly on hand a supply of postage-stamps of the denomination of three cents, for the accommodation of the public at the Office. Applicants should make their own change. It is a penal oifense for an employ^ to demand for a postage-stamp a sum exceeding that expressed on its face. Sec. 763. Employes on Duty not to Traffic. — Traffic in merchandise by em])loy^s, while on duty or the active engagement, at any time, in any occupation of profit or emolument, is strictly prohibited. They must confine themselves wholly to the duties imposed upon them by the Department. The time while off actual duty is for rest and study. Sec. 764. Must not Impart Information to unauthorized Persons.. — Xo infor- mation must be imparted, voluntarily or otherwise, concerniivg- h'rt«'rs or other mail- matter passing tlirough the hands of employes in the process of distribution, excepting to those who may be officially authorized to receive information, and when information may be desired by them. Sec. 765. Turning over Property of Department. — On the resignation, suspension, or removal of an employe, lie shall turn over the mail-keys and all other property and records (including the records of registered packages received and fi)r- warded) in his i)ossessiou to the Superintendent of Railway Mail Service of the Division in which he last perf()rmeal)lo vacancies in the s<'rvice must not he imparted hy enipU>y«^s, nor nmst they take any i)art in procnring appointments. Sec. 768. Intoxicating Liquors Prohibited. — The use of intoxicating liijuors wlicii on duty is ahsohitely itrohiliitcfl. Sec. 769. Mail in Transit not to be Delivered. — Employes are specially instrnctt'd not to make a «lelivery at the Office o{ letters iu transit, which come into their hands for distribution, to any person whatever (except an authorized Special Agent of the Department), although it be personally known to them that the appli- cant is the person named in the address. The act of delivery is devolved by law and the regulations of the Department on the postmaster at the post-office to which the letters are addressed. Sec. 770. Public Property not to be Used for Private Purposes. — The use of any property of the Department tor personal purposes is strictlj- prohibited. Sec. 771. Exchange of Pouches. — Exchange of letter-mails must always be made in locked pouches, and, whether there is any letter-mail or not, a pouch, duly locked, must be furnished whenever one is due. Sec. 772. Mail must not be Delivered at Places not Post-OfBces. — Under no circumstances should mail be delivered at any place not a regularly established post- office ; and wherever a post-office is discontinued, the mail for it should be delivered into the nearest established post-office. Sec. 773. List to be kept of Exchange Pouches. — Each employe in charge of an Office nuist keep a list of all exchange i>ouches that shoiild be dispatched and received by him, and on each run each pouch received must be " checked off" at the time it is received. Any failures to receive any regular exchange must be reported to the Division Superintendent on the " trip report." Sec. 774. Irregularities to be Reported. — Every serious irregularity iu the forwarding of mails should be specially reported, and in making these reports, where letters are concerned, give the exact postmark, including the hour. In the case of newspapers, state whether received iu a pouch or a sack, and, if in a sack, whether it contained all second class, all third class, or mixed matter; and if all one i)ublica- tion, give the name and date of it. In addition to the above, the date, place, exact time of receipt, and train by which received, should be given. In all cases, the tag on a misseut pouch or sack must be forwarded with the report to the Division Super- intendent. Sec. 775. Missent Matter to be so Stamped. — Each letter or i)aper missent to an Office must be plainly stamped Mis.sext, and the postmark of the Office also stamped plainly thereon. This also applies particularly to registered mail. Sec. 776. Mutilation of Property Prohibited. — Any mutilation of property furnished for the use and couveuieuce of the employes of the service is strictly pro* hibited. Sec. 777. Employes must Examine Order-Book. — Employes must, im- mediately previous to starting out upon each run, invariably examine all order- books or orders left for their guitlance. Sec. 778. Second Class and other Matter outside of Mail-Bags. — Mail matter must under no consideration be carried outside of the regular mail-bags, except second- class matter designed and marked for outside delivery, or matter the form of which prevents it from being carried in the mail-1>ag. Sec. 779. Reading Mail-Matter in Transit Forbidden.— Employes must 172 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. not remove newspapers or periodicals in the mail from their wrappers, packages, or bundles for the purpose of reading them. Sec. 780. Case Exminations. — Case examinations of employes will be had, from time to time, upon the official schemes of distribution furnished them, the connection of trains as shown in the "schedule" of mail-trains, and such other instruc- tions and orders as relate to the service. Sec. 781. Examination of Employes on their Instructions. — Employes will be examined as to their knowledge of the "Instructions to Employes of the Railway Mail Service " at each case examination. The questions asked will be such as will require an answer giving the substance of each section of the instructions, aud the result of the examination will be reported to the Department. Sec. 782. Probationary Appointees to be Examined Monthly. — All proba- tionary appointees will be examined monthly during their probationary terra. These examinations will consist of a knowledge of the instructions, the schemes of distri- bution which may be furnished them, and railway connections at the various junc- tions, as given in the schedule of mail-trains. The result of each examination will be reported to the Department, and on the result of these examinations and their efficiency in their work will depend their permanent appointment in the service. Sec. 783. Employes on Night Lines. — The special attention of employes on night lines is called to the following : When there is any mail to be distributed or work to be done, every employ^ must be awake aud do his full share. When the distribution is entirely finished and all of the work done, there is no objection to a part of the crew going to sleep, but at least one emxiloye must always be wide awake and on duty. This i»recautiou is absolutely necessary for the proper protection of the registered and other mail against accident, fire, or robbery, as well as for the personal safety of the employ6s on duty. Sec. 784. Securing Mail-Locks and Mail-Key. — Employes when on dnty must always wear the mail-key securely attached to their clothing by the safety-chain. Under no circumstances will employes on vacating their Offices leave mail-locks therein. Sec. 785. Notify Division Superintendent of Changes Needed in Offices. — Employt^s should notify their Division Superintendent of any changes or alterations needed in their cars, and must not go to the railroad company with any requests or suggestions as to what alterations or changes they think should be made. Sec. 786. Employes must Assist Special Agents, — In all cases Special Agents of the Post-Office Department, presenting proper credentials, must be given any assistance or facility they may ask, and in no case must the fact of a Special Agent being on the train be communicated by one employ^ to another. No excuse will be taken for any violation of this section. Sec. 787. Presence of Special Agents not to be Reported. — Xo entry should be man feet from the traik, so as to prevent the ])on(h from bein;^ ublic. Sec. 805. Local Agents Governed by General Instructions to Employes. — In addition to tliese special instructions to local mail-agents, they will also be governed by the general instructions to employ«58 of the railway mail service when applicable. TITLE V. THE REGISTKY SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES. CHAPTER ONE. RECEIVING, TRANSMITTING, AND DELIVERING REGISTERED DO- MESTIC MAIL-MATTER. Sec. .See. 806. Registry system authorized. 837. 807. Object of the registry Sy.steni. 808. Means einiiKiyrd to attain safety. 838. 809. Postnia.sters' duty to encourage registration. 810. What mail-matter can be registered. 839. 811. No registration on Sunday. 812. Limit of fee for registration. Ko fee on offl' 840. cial matter. 613. Registration fee. 841. 814. Rules for sender of registered letters. 842. 815. Rules for sender of third and fourth class matter. 843. 816. Postmasters must not address and seal let- ters. 844. 817. Registry of letters containing currency for i redemption. ' 845. 818. Special instructions for registering cur- | 846. reucy. j 819. Receiving mail-matter for registration. } 847. 820. Numbering registered matter and registered ' 848. paclcage envelopes. ! 849. 821. Matter becomes registered after a receipt is given therefor. 850. 822. Cancellation of stamps, registry-mark, and postmark. 861. 823. Regi.st^red matter to be kept secure. 824. Receipt to be taken upon delivery of regis- | 852. tered matter. 825. Tlie registry-return-receipt. 853. 826. The registry-bill. 827. Registered-package-envelopes. 854. 828. Preparing registered matter for dispatch, 855. 829. Matter too large to go in registered-package- envelope. 856. 830. Registered-package-receipt. 831. Dispatching a registered package. 857. 832. Registered matter not to be tied with oi'dinaiy mail-matter. 858. 833. Mail-messengers and mail-carriers not to handle registered matter. 859. 834. Certifying to proper dispatch of registered matter. 860. 835. Sending registered matter to an office from 861. a distant post-office. 836. Never send registered matter direct over rail- 862. ■way mail-routes. i Postmasters receiving registered packages for their poet-offices. Postmasters receiving registered packages in transit. Recording registered packages in transit and returning receipts. Continuous examination, record, and sj"eteni of receipts. Record-of-registered-matter-in-transit. When registered packages should go in way pouches. Registered packages must be sent by the most secure I'oute. Postmasters must observe the registry sehemesi Indorsing registered packages. Checking returns of package receipts and bills. J'ailure to return regist^red-package-recelpt. I'nilure to return registry-bill. Circular of inquiry returned indorsed "Not received." Mi8osting the same, and the fee therefor shall not exceed twenty cents TITLE V THE REGISTRY SYSTEM. 177 ill addition to the regular pontage, to be, in all cases, prepaid; and all sncli fees sliall be aeeounted for in such manner as the I*ostiiiaster- General sliall dnect. But letters ujion the otlicial business of tin; I'ost- Office l)ei)artiiient which require registering shall be registered free of charge and pass through the mails free of charge. (R. S., § 31)27.) Sec. 813. Registration Fee. — The fee on any registered matter, domestic or foreijfii, is t'lxvd at ten ct'utH on each letter or parcel, to 1)0 affixed in stamps, in addition to the jiostage. Two or more lettt^rs or parcels addressed to, or intended for, the same jicrson cannot l)e tied or otherwise fastened t<);:;ether and rej^istered as one. Sec. 814. Rules for Sender of Registered Letters. — l*ostmasters before receiving a letter for registration ninst reostag<^ and fee. Sec. 815. Rules for Sender of Third and Fourth Class Matter. — Postmasters before receiving third and fonrth class matter for registration mnst recjnire fnll ad- dress, indorsement, and prepayment of fee and postage, as stated in preceding section, and fnrther retinire that such matter shall be marked Third class or Fouutii class, as the case may be, and shall be so put up as to safely bear transportation, and admit of an examination of contents, to ascertain that it is admissible to the mails a-s such matter. See sections 223, 237, and 238. Sec. 816. Postmasters must not Address and Seal Letters. — Postmasters and their employes are forbidden to address a registered letter for the sender, to place contents in letter, or to seal the letter, or to affix the stamps. This must, in all cases, be done by the sender, as required in section 814. No inquiry must be made fnrther than to ascertain that the matter is mailable, and no statement can appear on the receipt as to the contents of any registered letter, except letters containing currency, registered under the following section: Sec. 817. Registry of Letters Containing Currency for Redemption. — Under such regulations as the Postmaster-General may prescribe, all i>ost- masters are authorized to register in the manner prescribed* by law, but without payment of any registration fee, all letters containing fractional or other currency of the United States, which shall be by them sent by mail to the Treasurer of the United States for redemption; and the post- master at the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia, shall reg- ister, in like manner, without charge, all letters containing new currency returned for ciuTcncy redeemed, which shall be received by him from the Treasurer, in sealed packages, marked with the word "register" over the official signature of the said Treasurer. (II. S., § 3932.) Sec. 818. Special Instructions for Registering Currency. — Whenever letters containing currency for redemption are oHered for registration, postmasters will be governed by the following instructions: First. They must require the contents of every such letter to be exhibited to them, with a descriptive list of contents, giving an accurate and detailed description of the money to be remitted. In case of fractional currency, the number and denomination of pieces will be sufficient; but of currency of the denomination of one dollar and upward, the letter, number of series, and date of each note, as well as the dejiomina- tion, mnst be given. Second. The list must be carefully examined and compared with the nn>ney to be remitted, and when found to be correct will be filed in the office, to be subject at all times to the iusi>ectiou of proper agents of the Post-Office Department. 12 P L 178 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Third. The money must then be iuclosed aud the letter sealed iu the presence of the postmaster, who will then give the iisual registry-receipt therefor. Fourth. The letter must then he disposed of in the manner provided for other regis- tered letters ; but, for the sake of further security, the postmaster must be ready to prove beyond question in eveiy case, by a disinterested witness, that such letter was duly mailed in the mode prescribed for registered letters ; otherwise, should the letter or package be lost, he will be held responsible therefor. Sec. 819. Receiving Mail-Matter for Registration. — When a letter or parcel as presented for registration the postmaster will first examine it to see that the sender has complied with requirements of sections 814 and Slf), and, if such be the case, he Avill then enter on the book of registration the name and address of sender, address and destination of letter or parcel, registered number aud date of mailing, filling out alike the stub of the book and registry receipt. He will number the letter or parcel to correspond with number on stub and registry receipt, sign the receipt, separate it from the stub, aud give it to the sender. NOTK. — Postmasters will erase the word Letter or Parcel on receipt and stub, so I that it will read according to the character of article registered. Sec. 820. Number Registered Matter and Registered-Package Envelopes. — The registration-book must be commenced each quarter with No. 1, aud continued consecutively through the quarter, and the letters or parcels registered correspond- ingly numbered. Registered-package envelopes are also to be numbered consecutively, • commencing each quarter with No. 1. Sec. 821. Matter becomes Registered after a Receipt is given Therefor. — After a receipt has been given therefor, and the matter has been numbered as pre- scribed in the preceding sections, the letter or parcel becomes a registered letter or parcel, aud must be guarded with the utmost care, and kept separate from ordinary mail-matter. Sec. 822. Cancellation of Stamps, Registry-Mark, and Postmark. — All stami)s on registered matter will be effectually canceled, aud the letter or parcel marked plainly Registered, and plainly postmarked. Sec. 823. Registered Matter to be kept Secure. — All registered matter .must be kept separate from ordinary matter, and iu that part of the post-office most secure from accident or theft, and to which no access can be had by any one unau- thorized by the postmaster, who must account for all registered matter coming into his post-office. Sec. 824. Receipt to be Taken upon Delivery of Registered Matter. — A ■receipt shall be taken upon the delivery of any registered mail -matter, showing to whom and when the same was delivered, which shall be returned to the sender, and be received in the courts na prima-facie evi- dence of such dehvery. (E. S., § 3928.} Sec. 825. The Registry-Return-Receipt. — A registry-return-receipt of the new card form must l>e filled out for each domestic letter or parcel {i. c, addressed to any post-office iu the United States or Territories). The registry-return-receipt must on its face have written the name of sender, street and number, or post-office box, name of post-office, county, and State (the space for stamp of post-office is reserved for post-office of delivery). On the other side enter date of mailing, registry number, mailing ])ost-office aud State, and address of the registered letter or parcel. Sec. 826. The Registry-Bill. — A registry-bill, of the new card form, must be prepared to accompany the registeriid letter or parcel, whi(-h bill must, on its face, be filled out with the name of the mailing post-office, county, aud State (the place for «tamp is reserved for })()8t-ofilice of destination) ; on the other side, in the heading, the date of mailing, mailing post-office, jjost-office of destination, county, and State, numb(ir of registered-package envelope in which it is to be inclosed, aud in proper columns in body of bill the registry number of letter or parcel, class, whether first, TITLE V — Tin: REGISTRY SYSTEM. 17!) third, or fourth, namo of luldreasee, and the lull luiist bn Miyiied by tlic postmaster (»u the h>wer h'ft corner. NoTi;. — The above section mentions only one letter or parcel, but it is not intended that postmasters shall nse a separate bill for each letter or parcel sent by one mail to the same itost-ofhee ; all doniestie rej^istered letters or jiarcels for the same ])ost-ot)ice are to bo entered on one bill and inclosed in one ie<^istered-]iackaj^e envelope when practicable. When this cannot bo done, a separate registry bill must be made out for the contents of each registered-i>ackage envelope. Special bills in aheet form (old style) may be ns<>d by large ])ost-otTice8 when necessary. Sec. 827. Registered-Package Envelope. — A registered-package envelope is to be used for no otiier purpose than covering rcgisterefl mail-matter in its trans- mission from the receiving post-ot^ice to post-otlftce of delivery. They nnist securely cover the registered matter they convey, be plainly addressed to post-otKce of destina- tion, connty, and State, be distinctly numbered, and legibly postmarked with the postmark of the mailing post-oftice and date fif mailing. Sec. 828. Preparing Registered Matter for Dispatch. — The registered letter or i)arcel with registry-bill and registry -return-receipt must be placed together in a registered-package envelope, addressed to the same post-of^ce as the letter or parcel. The registered-package envelope must then be firmly sealed. Sec. 829. Matter too Large to go in Registered-Package Envelopes. — When a registered letter or parcel too large to place inside of a registered-package envelope is received, it mnst,togetherwith the registry-bill andregistry-retnrn-receii>t, be wrapped, and a registered-package envelope, cut open so as to exiiose address and record of transit, be securely tied thereon, or be gunnned or sealed to the wrapped package so that it cannot be detached or the contents interfered with. Sec. 830. Registered-Package Receipt. — After a registered package has been made u}) for dispatch, a registered-package receipt must be tilled out Avith name of mailing post-oftice, date of mailing, number and address of registered package. This registry -receipt is to be signed and returned without delay by the postmaster or employd of the Railway Mail Service who next receives the registered i^ackage after it leaves the mailing postmaster. Sec. 831. Dispatching a Registered Package. — If a registered package is to be delivered direct to an employ^ of the Railway Mail Service for transmission, the postmaster will hand to him the package and obtain his signature on the jiackage receipt, ^\^lere a registered package cannot be delivered direct, as above, it must be deposited iu the mail-pouch, never in a newspaper or tie sack, the package receipt being placed in the letter jiackage which is to be first distributed by the employe re- ceiving the same. The i)ouch must be locked, and the lock must be tried to ascertain if it has been securely fastened. Sec. 832. Registered Matter not to be Tied with Ordinary MaU-Matter. — Postmasters must not wrap or tie registered packages with any ordinary mail-matter, but should place them separately in the mail-pouch, so that their presence can be observed at once by the jierson opening the pouch. Sec. 833. Mail-Carriers not to Handle Registered-Matter. — Under no circumstances can a registered package be intrusted to a mail-carrier or a mail- messenger outside of the locked pouch, nor should the pouch be intrusted to any but a sworn officer or employd of the Department. Sec. 834. Certifying to Proper Dispatch of Registered Matter. — The post- master, his deputy, or a duly-qualitied clerk must be prepared at any time to make affidavit that any particular registered package was either given to an emi)loy(5 of the railway mail service or left the post-office in a pouch properly locked and labeled, and was forwarded by the proper route ; and in all cases where practicable two persons should be present at the mailing of a registered package, and be prepared to testify as above, in case it should be required. 180 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 835. Sending Registered Matter to an Office from Distant Post-Offices. — "Wiieu a registered package that is to pass iuto au Otiice is to be sent froiu a post-office located on a route at any distance from the railway or steamboat line, the postmaster must so pouch the package that it will be received and receipted for by the postmaster at a post-office connecting with the Office. If the sending postmaster makes up a di- rect pouch to the Office and another to the connecting post-office the registered pack- ages must not be placed in the pouch for the Office, if the pouch passes through any other post-office before reaching the Office. Sec. 836. Never send Registered Matter Direct over Railway Mail Routes. — lu no case must a postmaster dispatch a registered i)ackage in a direct pouch over a route upon which there is railway mail service. Registered matter on such routes must be held for the Office and pouched or delivered to the employ^ in charge, as the safety of registered matter must be considered before celerity in its dispatch. If the dispatching post-office is not on a railroad or steamboat line the requirements of the preceding section must be observed. Sec. 837. Receiving Registered Packages in Pouches for a Post-Office. — Postmasters opening a pouch and finding registered packages therein addressed to their post-offices will sign the package receipts which they will find in the bundles of letters, examine Ihe registered packages, and note the condition and date of arrival on the package receipt, which they will return hy first mail to the sending postmaster or em- ])loye of the railway mail service. Sec. 838. Postmasters Receiving Registered Packages in Transit. — If a registered package received in a way-pouch is addressed to a post-office beyond his own on the same route, the postmaster will sign the accompanying registered-package- receipt and fill up another package-receipt, inserting the name of his post-office, and, after indorsing the package, replace it in the ponch with the package-receii»t placed in the bundle of letters for the next post-office on the route. Sec. 839. Recording Packages in Transit and Returning Receipts. — From the package-receipt he received with a transit package the postmaster must make the proper entry in the record-of-registered-matter-in-transit, and then return the receipt by first mail to the Office or post-office whence it came. Sec. 840. Continuous Examination, Record and System of Receipts. — The process of examination, indorsement, record, filling out package-receii)ts anew and depositing in pouch, must be repeated by every postmaster opening the pouch until it reaches its destination. Sec. 841. Record-of-Registered-Matter-in-Transit. — Postmasters at all post- offices where jjouches containing mail-matter for other i^ost-offices are opened must make on the record-of-registered-matter-in-transit a full statement (as per heading of columns) of every registered package, registered postal-card package, registered staniped-envelope package, registered postage-stamp package, or through-registered- pouch passing through their post-offices, showing particulars of arrival and disposal of each such package or pouch. They must at all times be prepared to make prompt rei)ly to any inquiry from a Special Agent or ijostmaster concerning sucli registered packages or pouches. The registered packages are so conspicuous that their preseiu-e among the contents of any mail-pouch cannot fail to be observed, and an omission to make record of them will not be excused. This record of transit must be carefully preserved in good order aud be at all times open to the inspection of Special Agents of Ihe Post-Olliie ])e].iii1iiieiit. Sec. 842. When Registered Packages should go in Way-Pouches. — AM i ore tlirough-pouches and way-pouelies are sent over routes on which there is no railway mail service, the registered packages must be sent in the way-pouches, and not in Ihe through-pouches, except when the through-pimches are sent under brass locks and special instru('tions given to forward registered mail iu the same. Sec. 843. Registered Packages must be Sent by the most Secure Route. — Postmasters must dispatch legistered packages by the most secure route, and eu- TITLE V THE REGISTRY SYSTEM. 1^1 (Icavor, oaprcially wlicii tlioy liavo to bo HiMit loii;^ distances, toliavc thom roacli a rail- way Odice or tliron^ih-ro^istercd-jxnuli-DlTicc as soon as jiossililc, oven thouf^h such ip()Msil)hi agents of tho servicer, as far as practicabh; avoidinj^ th(^ (>xposnre and handlinf; n»M;essitated by the frequent openinij of ])oii(lies at way postotBces. For list of throiiyh-roerintendent. Sac. 845. Indorsing Registered Packages. — When a postmaster or rail- way-mail employ(^ signs a receipt for a registered i)ackage, he will carefully examine the package, and indorse thereon in the spaces provided therefor a statement of its condition, the date of its receipt, the name of his post-otlice or Otlice and his signa- ture; also indorse statement of condition on package-receipt. Sac. 848. Checking Return of Package Receipts and Bills. — On tlie return of a registered-package receipt and registry-bill, the postmaster will note the date on the stub of the registration-book and tile them for futni-e reference. Sec. 847. Failure to Return Registered-Package Receipt. — In case a regis- tered-i>.ackagc receipt is not promptly returned 1)y the postmaster, or employ^ of the railway mail service, to whom it was sent with thep.ackage, the postmaster who sent it must fill out a duplicate, noting date of such duplicate on registration-book. Failure of duplicate to return in due season must be reported to Third Assistant Postmaster- General. Sec. 848. Failure to Return Registry Bill. — In case the registry bill fails to come back to the mailing jiost-ofidce in reasonable time, a Circular of inquiry for regis- tered matter, giving particulars of the package and its contents, must be sent to the post-otJice to which tho registered package w' as addressed. Sec. 849. Circular of Inquiry Returned Indorsed "Not Received." — If the circuLar of inquiry is returned stating the registered jiackagc has not reached its des- tination, a full report of the case must be made to the Chief Special Agent Post-Otiice Department, Washington, D. C, for investigation, and, in addition, to such Special -Agents for certain States and Territories as may be designated by the Chief Special Agent. Seo. 85D. Misdirected Registered Packages in Transit not to be Opened. — Misdirected registered packages, except those mentioned in next section, must be re- turned to the mailing post-office for better directions. The postmaster detecting the error must indorse it "RETt^RXKO Fou better direction," place the misdirected reg- 'stered package under cover of a regularly numbered registered-package envelope, duly postmarked and addressed to the mailing post-office, and sealed, making due note of the fact on his record-of-registered-matter-in-transit. Registered packages in transit or addressed to another post-office must not be opened. Sec. 851. Misdirected Registered Postage-Stamp Packages, etc. — Post- masters at through-registered-pouch-offices, or separating post-offices, on receiving a registered package of stamps, envelopes, or postal cards bearing an incorrect or im- perfect address, should hold the pack.age and at once uotify the Third Assistant Post- master-General, Stamp Division, giving the registered number, date of postmark, and full address of the package, and aAvait instructions in regard to its disposal. Sec. 852. Registered Packages Found in Bad Order or Damaged in Transit. — In case a registered package becomes damaged it must be placed in a new registere«l- l)ackage envelope at the post-office where the injury occurs or is discovered; or, when 182 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. damaged in the hands of an employ^ of the railway mail service, at the post-office at the terminus of his route. The original registered-package envelope must not be removed, but, before it is inclosed in the new one, it must be indorsed with a state- ment of its exact condition, signed by the postmaster or railway -mail employe from whom received. The new registered-package envelope must bear the address, reg- istry number, and name of the post-office of origin, and also the postmark of the post- office at which the package is re-enveloped. The fact of reinclosure must be noted on the Record-of-registered-matter-in-transit. Employes of the railway mail service find- ing in their Offices registered packages in bad order or damaged must deliver them to the postmaster at the terminal post-office for treatment as prescribed in this sec- tion. See section 85.5. Sec. 853. Postmasters to Receive Registered Matter from Employes. — Post- masters at tenninal post-Offices of routes ou which there is railway mail service must at all times be jirepared to receive and properly receipt for registered packages brought to their post-offices by euiplo s of the railway mail service. No delay of trains or un- reasonable hours of arrival will authorize a deviation from this regulation. Sec. 854. Rules for Registered Packages Uniform for all Classes. — The rules given for the treatment of registered packages apply equally to registered postage-stamp packages, postal-card packages, and stamped-envelope packages, except where special rules are given for the treatment of such matter in certain contingencies. Sec. 855. Registered Postage-Stamp Packages Damaged in Transit. — Eegis- tered postage-stamp packages, registered postal-card packages, or registered stamped- envelope packages which have been damaged in transit nmst be securely wrapped and sealed by the postmaster discovering the damage, or at the ternunal post-office to which such matter is delivered by railway-mail employes. After indorsing the package as provided in section 852, the postmaster will attach to it a label, "Registered postage- stamp package," "Registered postal-card package," or "Registered stamped-envelope package," as the case may be, will mark the original address and registry number on the wrapper, indorsed as follows: "Placed under cover at post-office. , 18 — ." He will then enter the package iipon the record-of-registered-matter-in- trausit, forward it to its destination as other registered matter, noting the fact of its being damaged and placed under cover, and send a full report of the facts to the Third Assistant Postmaster-General, Stamp Division. Sec. 856. Receiving Registered Matter at a Post-Office for Delivery. — On the arrival of a mail at any post-office the pouch must be opened only by the postmaster, his depi;ty, or a sworn clerk. If a registered package aostinaster must siii)i)ly the omission. Before returning the registry-bill, he will not(^ any irreguhirity thereon over his signature. Sec. 858. Failure to Send Registry-Bill or Registry-Return-Receipt. — If, on opening a registered package, no bill is found, the receiving postmaster must fill out a TITLE V THE REGISTRY SYSTEM. 183 bill and iiulorsc it No iuli> ui'.ckivkd, sign it, luldri'ss it i)n)]»«'ily, i)Ostiiiaik it, and fm- ward it without ouv*-!' to tlm mailing iiost-ollicc. If no ii'giMtry-ii'tnrn-nMtipt accoin- panies a rcgisteifd lutter or parcel, tht) postmaster opening (he package innst lill one out, attach it to the letter or parcel, and mail it to tin; sender whi-n signed. A report of every such case must bo made to the Third Assistant rostniaster-(jieneral, in order that the delinnuent postmaster may be specially advised. Sec. 859. Treatment of Registered Letters Arriving in bad Order. — If, on opening a registered package, a registered letter is found in bad order, the postmawter will imlurse the letter, Rkceivkd ix bad order, and sign his name. He will then inclose the letter iu an ordinary official envelope, seal the envelope, and address it to the person to whom the registered letter is addressed, indorsing on the envelope, Havk this ex- amined ON delivery, and make proper entry thereof, as required in section 85(5. Ou delivery of this letter the addressee should be re(|uested to open the envelope in pres- (iiiee of the postmaster, delivery-clerk, or letter-carrier, and if there should be any of its original contents missing, the original envelope of the letter should be obtained from the addressee, with his indorsement thereon as to the deticiency ; and this en- velope, with the registered-package envelope, should be sent to the Chief Special Ageut for investigation. Sec. 860. Registered Letters found Unsealed. — If a rejj^isterecl letter arrive unseal h1, the postmaster will indorse it Received unsealed, and sign his name. He will tlien place it in an official envelope, and deliver it as directed iu the preceding section, obtaining from the addressee the original enveloi)e of the letter, with the indorsement of the addressee thereon, stating whether the contents are cor- rect or incorrect. If the contents are found correct, a report must be made of the case to the Third Assistant Postmaster-General, accompanied by the envelope. If incorrect, the case should bo reported and the envelope of the letter and the registered- package envelope sent to the Chief Special Agent. Sec. 861. No Charge to be Made on the Delivery of Registered Matter. — The law, section 612, requires full prepayment of registry fee and postage, which is to be affixed by stamps to letter or parcel when presented for registration; postmasters, therefore, receiving registered letters or parcels for delivery will deliver them to the addressee even if the requisite amount of stamps to cover postage and fee are not affixed, tirst examining them to see if the postmaster at the mailing post-office has performed his duty in this resjiect, and noting any cases where it has been neglected. Sec. 862. Report when Stamps do not cover Postage and Fee. — A report of all ca.ses where the postage stamps ui)on registered matter do not cover the postage and registration fee, showing number of letter or parcel, date of mailing, post-office of origin, and amount of deticiency, must be made weekly to the Thinl Assistant I'ost- master-General, that it may he recovered from the mailing postmaster who has failed to comj)ly with the law. See section 81*^. Sec. 863. Registry-Notices to be Sent. — On receii)t of a registered letter or parcel at a post-office (not a free-delivery post-office), the postmaster must notify the addressee of its arrival, using for that purpose a "Registry -notice," which notice must be delivered to the addressee in the same manner as ordinary mail-matter. This ''Registry-notice" may also be used at free-delivery post-offices for registered letter^ or parcels too large to send out by carrier. Sec, 864. A Box-Holder to be Notified when Registered Matter Arrives — Box- holders must be advised of the arrival of a i-egistered letter or i)arcel addressed to their boxes, by depositing in the boxes the proper notices, as provided in tl)e jueceding section. Sec. 865, Delivery of Registered Letter or Parcel. — Ou applioatioii for a registered letter or parcel, the applicant proving to be the proi)er person to receive it, the postmaster will require signature to be given on the record-of-registerod-matter- . received-and-delivered ; also on the return-registry -receipt which accomi)anies the., registered letter or parcel. 184 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 863. Delivery of Registered Matter by Carriers. — Postmasters at free delivery post-offices must deliver through the carriers all registered letters and parcels addressed to street aud number, requiring the carriers to receipt for such letters on the record-of-registered matter-received-and-delivered or on a special receipt-hook. The carriers must, on the delivery of any registered letter or jjarcel, require the person receiving it to sign the return receipt, and also receipt in the book furnished for the purpose. Sec. 867. Name of Carrier Delivering Registered Matter must Appear. — Car- riers' registry-delivery-books must show the name of the carrier who delivers each registered letter or parcel. Sec. 868. Utmost Care Required in Delivery. — Registered letters or parcels must never be delivered to any person but the one to whom they are addressed, or on the written order of addressee. Identification should be required when the applicant is unknown, and written orders should be verified and placed on tile as vouchers. Sec. 869. Responsibility for Wrong Delivery. — Postmasters will be held responsible for the wrong delivery of any registered matter, aud must, therefore, take the requisite measures to ascertain the proper person to receive it. Sec. 870. Proper Signature Required. — AMien a person other than the ad- dressee signs for a registered letter or parcel, the names of both addressee aud recip- ient must appear on the receipts. Sec. 871. Registry.Return-Receipt to be Remailed to the Sender. — As soou as any registered matter has been delivered and the registry-return-receipt therefor has been properly signed, the receipt must be postmarked with date of delivery (which is also the mailing postmark), and sent by next mail, without cover of an envelope, to the addi-ess of the sender which is written on the rogistry-return-receipt. Sec. 872. No Postage on Registry-Bills and Registry-Return-Receipts. — The registry-bills and registry -retiu'n-receipts, after signature, require no postage thereon; they are to be simply postmarked aud mailed without delay. Sec. 873. Registered Matter for Delivery to Insane or Dead Persons. — If, on the r(!ceipt of a registered letter or y>arcel, the person addressed is dead, it may be delivered to the legal representative of the deceased, who must be either the executor of the •will or the administrator of the deceased, and who produces proof of the fact. In some States the residuary legatee named in a will is allowed, on giving bonds for the proper fulfillment and execution of its provisions, to become the executor. In any such case such person is, upon presentation of the necessary proof, to bo considered the legal representative of the deceased. Registered matter addressed to persons who have been declared insane by competent authority should be ti-eated as above ; but in the absence of any legal representative, all such domestic registered matter must be returned to the mailing post-office for delivery to the sender. Sec. 874. Attachment of Registered Letters A registered letter is not sub- ject to attachment in the hands of a postmaster before its delivery, as the Department holds it in cimtodia Iff/is for delivery to the person addressed, or to his or her onler. A postmaster acting in virtue of his office, and refusing to deliver letters on a pi-ocess is.sned by a State court, will readily be purged of any alleged contempt of such process; and in case of any conflict with the State law, be, acting in the line of his duty, will have pro- tection by the law which govei-ns the transmission of registered matter. Sec. 875. Fraudulent Registered Letters may be Returned. — The Postmas- ter-General may, ni)on evidence satisfactory to him that any pei-sou is engaged in comlncting any fr-andnlent lottery, gift-enterprise, or sclieme for the distribntion of money or of any real or x>ersonal proiterty, by lot, cliance, or drawing of any kind, or in conducting any other sclieme or device for obtaining money througli the mails by n^eans of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, instruct post- TITLE V THE REGISTRY SYSTEM. 185 masters at any post-offices at which registered letters arri\ c directed to liny such person, to return all such registered letters to the postmasters at the [post] offices at which they were orijunnally mailed, with the word "fraudulent" plainly writte)iorstam])ed n])on tln^ontside of such letters; and all such letters so returned to such postmasters shall he l)y them returned to the writers thereof, under such re<,ailations as the Tostmas- ter-General may prescribe. IJut nothing contained in this title shall be so construed as to authorize any i>ostmaster or other person to open any letter not addressed to himself. (K. S., §31)20.) Sec. 876. Return Undelivered Registered Matter to Mailing Post-Office. — If a domestic registered letter or parcel cannot bo delivered within thirty days after its arrival, or within such time as may he named in a reijuest indorsed on its face, or in case delivery is prohibited by the Postmaster-General in accordance with the preceding section, the postmaster must indorse on it the cause of non-deliv- ery and return it to the post-office whence it was mailed. It must be marked Rk- TL'RNEi) TO W'UITKR, renumbered, and entered in registration-book, as if mailed at his post-office (counted as free in his quarterly report of registered letters and parcels), placed in a registered-package envelope with a registry bill, and a note of such return with date thereof made in receipt column of record-of-registered-niatter-received-and- delivered. The address of letter or parcel must be changed only as to destination, and E. W. marked on registry bill, indicating return to writer. On arrival at the original mailing post-office it must be treated as if it were an original registered letter or parcel received for delivery. Fraudulent matter of foreign origin must be sent to the Dead- Letter Office, accompanied by a letter of advice addressed to the Third Assistant Post- master-General, exidaining the character of the matter, and giving the date of the order of the Postmaster-General forbidding its delivery. Sec. 877. Refused Registered Letters or Parcels. — In case of addressee simply refusing to receive a registered letter or parcel, it must be retained the proper length of time before return, as prescribed in the preceding section. Sec. 878. Original Record to Show Return of a Letter or Parcel. — Xote must be made on the original record of every registered letter or parcel returning to a mailing post-office, stating its return and date. Sec. 879. When Sender of Returned Registered Matter is not found.— In case a domestic returned registered letter or i)arcel cannot be delivered to sender, it must be retained thirty days and be then forwarded (properly registered) to the Dead- Letter Office, after due notice to sender by advertisement or otherwise. Sec. 880. Sending Registered Letters or Parcels to the Dead-Letter Office. — When registered letters or parcels are sent to the Dead-Letter Office they must be jxtst- marked with date of sending, indorsed with reason for so forwarding, bt^ accompanied M'ith diiplicate bills showing the sending post-office and the numljer an\viii'i8fi)ar.it48 Registered package receipt 1556 Record-of-registered-matter-received-and-delivered 1547 Record-of-regiairred-maifer-in-transit 155:} Carriers' -registry-delirery-hooks . 1500 Railway-mail-registry-books 1539 Registry-notices 1525 Registry-circular-of-inquiry 3856 Registry quarterly report 3848 Requisition for registered-package envelopes 3204 Registry deficiency report 3846 Registry-tracer 1536 Sec. 893. Envelopes Used in Registry Business. — The envelopes used will be furnished on rerpiisition addressed to the Third Assistant Postmaster-General. 1. Ordinary official penalty-envelopes, 2. Registered-package envelop>es. Sec. 894. Registry Supplies to be Kept Up. — Postmasters must not allow their supply of registered-package envelopes or any of the blanks recjuired in the registry business to become exhausted. Requisition must always be made iu time to receive a new supply before those on hand are entirely used. Sec. 895. Postmasters take Special Interest in Success of Registry System. — In order to make the registry system as efficieut as possible, it is necessary that it should receive not only the attention, but the hearty co-operation, of every postmaster, who should feel that he has an interest in the improvemeut of the service as well as a desire to promote the public good. Special attention should be paid to secure legibility 188 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. of addresses and postmarks on registered-package envelopes, and all entries upon registry blanks and records slionld be neatly and distinctly written. Postmastera are particularly enjoined to report promptly to the Third Assistant Postmaster-General any neglect or violation of the registry regulations which may come to their knowledge, in oi'der that the officer in fault may be called to account for his misconduct. Sec. 896. Postmasters not to Reprimand other Postmasters. — Postmasters are positively forbidden to reprimand other postmasters for neglect or violation of these regulations. It is the province of the Department to instruct postmasters as to their duties and to take cognizance of their neglect or refusal to obey instructions. Sec. 897. Postmasters in Doubt as to their Duty as to any requirements of the regulations of the registry system, must submit the matter in doubt to the Third Assistant Postmaster-General. Ignorance of the law or regulations will not be accepted as an excuse for their violation or for neglect of duty. CHAPTER TWO. RESPECTING REGISTERED LETTERS AND PARCELS ADDRESSED TO, OR ORIGINATING IN, FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Sec. 809 900 901. . Registered correspondence for foreign coun- tries. Registration-fee to foreign conntries. Postmasters registering foreign matter con- sult Postal Guide. Registered packages misdirected to foreign post-offices. 902. Sender may demand a registry-return-receipt from foreign countries. 903. Registry-return-receipts to foreign conntries. 904. Matter which, cannot be registered to foreign countries. 905. Mark "Foreign" on registered packages in- closing foreign matter. 906. Registered matter from foreign countries. Sec. 907. Registry-retum-receipts of foreign origin. 808. Undelivered foreign registered letters or par- cels. 909. Foreign registry-retum-receipts not sent to Dead-Letter Office. 910. Registered matter supposed to be liable to customs-duty. 911. Foreign registered matter especially held for delivery. 912. Forwarding registered matter in the Univer- sal Postiil Union. 913. Postmark on registered matter at exchange post-offices. 914. Don't write to foreign postmasters. Sec. 898. Registered Correspondence for Foreign Countries. — Eegistered let- ters or ])arcels addressed to foreign countries are governed in their transportation within and through the United States by the same rules and regulations as domestic registered matter, excejjt that no domestic registry -return-receipt is to be made out by the mail- ing postmaster and sent with such foreign registered correspondence, and the registered- package envelope is to be addressed to the proper exchange post-otidce in the United States designated to dispatch registered correspondence to foreign countries. See section 1125. Sec. 899. Registration Fee to Foreign Countries. — The registration fee to all countries where registration is permissible is ten cents on ea(;h letter or parcel, to be prei)aid by stamps, in addition to the postage. See sections 818-81(). Sec. 900. Postmasters Registering Foreign Matter Consult Postal Guide. — All classes of mail-matter may b^^ registered to countries and cohmies in the Universal Postal Union, but to certain countries and colonies not in the Universal Postal Union registration of letters only is permissible. To some parts of the world tliere is no means of forwarding registered matter; postmasters are therefore specially enjoined to consult the foreign postal table in the latest issue of the United States Official Postal Guide to ascertain the proper rates of postage, and whether the matter presented is entitled to registration, as will be shown by the ton-cents fee appearing in the columns TITLE V THE REGISTRY 8Y.STEM. 189 licatlcd " Rcjji.storod uiattci" in said taMe; ah.icuco of tln' fee in ))otli folrirTiiiH headed " Re«;istrati()ii fi-e on letters" and "Registiati«u fee on other artieh-s"' indicates tliat no re;fistration exists; jjresenee of fee in letter column alone- indieates letti-rs only can Ix; registered ; postmasters must, therefore, refuse to register any mail-matter addressed to countries to which there is no registration or to register other mail-matter to countries Avhcri' I'egislration is conlined to letters. Sec. 901. Registered Packages Misdirected to Foreign Post-Offices. — If a registered package isn-coived in transit addresst'd to a post-ollice in a foreign country, it .should he .sent to the post-ottice designated to exchange registered matter with such foreign country, where the registered package will he opened and the contents properly forwarded. Sec. 902. Sender may Demand a Foreign Registry-Retum-Receipt. — The sender of a registered letter or parcel addressed to countri])ouch service. 917. Exchanges directed to bo made invariably. 918. Supplies ft>r through-rogistcred'poudi oliicea, how used and kept. 919. Additional euppliesi Sec. 920. Registered matter dispatched in through reg- istered-pouches. 921. Preparation of matter for through-registered- pouches. 922. Signing the pouch-hill and copying, 923. Inspection before closing. 924. Labeling and locking. TITLE V — THE REGISTRY SYSTEM. 191 Sec. 926. Manner of indlrntiiiBcligpntch of oxtra tli rough- ri'KiHt»Tfil-)ioii«Iu'8. 026. Ob.jcit !irtiii('iit li;is been ciiiihled to kf'c]» jiacc witli the growth of rcjii.Htry liiifsiiies.s in consolidating the regibtered parkagt's nnurpose, i)ostmarked, and jilaced in the iiouch with the registered packages. Sec. 923. Inspection before Closing. — Before closiug a through-registered- pouch for dispatch, the dispatching clerks must assure themselves beyond any doubt that all the packages advised to the pouch-bill are inclosed. Sec. 924. Labeling and Locking. — The through-registered-pouch must be properly labeled before any packages are placed therein, and the packages, tied to- gether in bundles in order of entry on bill, and marked with name of through-regis- tered-pouch-office, should be compared with the bill and with the label of the pouch, lock number proved correct, and bill and jiackages then placed in the pouch, which must be securely locked and the proper entries made on the record of through-regis- tered-ponches dispatched, and on delivery to the railway-mail employe a receipt taken therefor. Sec. 925. Indicating Dispatch of Extra Through-Registered-Pouches. — When two through-registered-pouches are sent from a post-office by the same dis- patch to the same post-office, a registry-disk bearing the figure "2" must be attached to each pouch by passing the link of the lock through the ring of the disk. If three pouches are to be sent by the same mail, a disk bearing the figure ''3" must be used, and so on, attaching the disk bearing the figure which corresponds with the total number of pouches sent on each separate pouch. Sec. 926. Object of the Registry-Disk. — The registry-disk is attached to the through-registered-pouches to inform employes of the service whose duty it is to receive and receipt for them how many through-registered-pouches are included in any one dis- patch; they must, therefore, at any transfer of the through-registered-pouches, exam- ine the registrv-disks and ascertain before receipting that the full complement of i»ouche8 from each post-office indicated by the registry-disks have been delivered to theni' Whenever the letter B appears on the registry-disk, in addition to the niunber, a box must accompany the pouch or pouche.s for each B appearing on the registry-disk. The letters indicate the number of boxes, and the figures the total of boxes and pouches. Sec. 927. Return Extra Through-Registered-Pouches, etc., Promptly. — In order that each through-registered-pouch-office may preserve its proper complement of through-registered-pouches, locks, and disks, the extra number when received must be returned by next dispatch, inside of the regular pouch, duly entered on the pouch- bill. Sec. 928. Through-Registered-Pouch in Bad Order, — On the arrival of a through-registered-pouch at a through-n-gistered-pouch-ofiiee, the receiving clerk must before receipting to the railway-mail employ^, assure himself of the good condition of both pouch and lock. If either appears to have been tampered with or is in bad order, the receipt for the pouch must be withheld until its contents have been carefully examined, and found not only to correspond with the entries on the i)ouch-bill, but to be in good order and condition. Projier facilities should be allowed the railway mail em))loy6 to be present at such exaniin.-ttion, and if the contents are not in good order the receipt given him must state that fact. A. minute of the case must also be TITLE V THE REGISTRY SYSTEM. 193 placed ill tlu' filfs (»f tlio tlinnmli-rfj^iHtercd-pouch-onico, in ciisis any Iohs of coiitcnta should at'tcrwaid In- cliarj^rd. Sec. 929. Checking Contents of Through-Registered-Pouch. — A tlirough-reff- istered-poiudi inii.st 1m' oix-imd by two clerks, and its t-ontcnts must In- arcd with tlu« eutries on the i)ouch-l»ill. After projjer entries of the itacka^^es im the hooks nl' tlie thronfih-refxistered-iioneh-ofliee, the itoueli-bill nnist he sij^ned liy both chrks. post- marked, and returned to the sendinj^ ])ost-otllie»^ in the next throu;;h-rejfistered-ponch dispatched to that post-ortico. Each pouch must be. thoroujfhly shaken, and its inte- rior ins])eeted, to ascertain that it has been conipU'tely emptied. Sec. 930. Safety of Registered Keys and Locks. — Wlien a tlirougli-regis- tored-poucli is opened at tin* post-otHre of destination the lock must be, at once placi-d in the safe of the re<;istry branch of the ])()st-ofiice, whei-e it must be kept until needed for iiuniediate use ajrain. The keys used in openiufj the reermit) in conveying them to and from the terminal post-office and the Office, and must keep this pouch in their personal charge, and accompany the wiigon ou which it is conveyed to the train. Sec. 940. Railway-Mail-Registry-Books — Ivaihvay mail employes "will be furnished by their Division JSuperintcndent with rail way-mail-iegistry-books, i)iovidcd TITLE V THE REGISTRY SYSTEM. 195 by the Department, for the purpose of keeping a record of all registeivd niaUt-r pu!s.>*iii;( throujrli tlii'ir IiuihIs. Sec. 941. Record of Registry Matter kept. — An entry of the nnniber, jM^st- niark, date, and addifss of every n-jii.stered paeka;ie, ie;;i.stered-Htanip paekaj^e, regis- tered-postal-eard paekaj^e, and staniped-enveloite paekaj^e, as well a.s every tlironyh- registered-jtonch jiassing through their handrt, must be made in the raihvay-muil- registry-book by every railway-mail enii)l<>y(^, and where it is ]ir>s.Hilile the reei-ipt on delivery of these paekages must l)e taken direct, in the ])n>per eoinmii of the book. Sec. 942. Receiving Registered Matter at terminal Post-offices. — liefore leaving the terminal iiost-othcetheijroper rail way-mail employ 6 must receive and receipt for all through-registered-i)onehes and registered packages tendered him by the \um • ma.ster or proper clerk, and become personally responsildo for their care until their delivery into the hands of the proper postmaster or other authorized agent of the Department, or their disposal as required by the regulations of the registry system. Sec. 943. Receipt for Registered Matter. — Eiuploy<5s Avill in all cases obtain a receipt for each registered package from the person to whom it is delivered. In the delivery of registered-package envelopes they should be arranged in the same order in which they are entered on the railway-niail-registry-book. Sec. 944. Postmarking and Returning Registered Package Receipts. — To protect themselves against fraud in the matter of receipts given to postmasters and others for registered mail, employloyed by the railroad company, nor to any mail-messenger, unless specially instructed. It must bo placed in the pouch, together with a receipt, to be signed and returned. Sec. 946. Receipting for Registered Matter. — The Department does not authorize employes to stamp their names in receipting for registered matter. They must sign their names with pen or pencil. Sec. 947. Illegible Postmark on Registered Packages. — The first recipient of a i-egistercd package with illegible ])(>stmark should write on the package the name of the OlTfice or post-ottice from which it was received. Sec. 948. Examination of Condition of Registered Packages. — ^When a regns- tered package is handed to a railway nuiil employe by an employe on a connecting Ortice or a postmaster, he must exannne the package, make the proper indorsement showing its condition, sign, date, and hand the receipt back. He must then make proper indorsement on the package and enter it in his railway-mail-regis try-bcok. See section 852. Sec. 949. Registered-package Receipts to be properly Filled Out. — Keceipts for registered packages nnist be properly tilled up by the sending postmaster or rail- ■way-mail employ^. If this duty is not performed, the employd will report the de- linquent to his Division Superintendent. Sec. 950. Forward Registered Mail in a Pouch. — When the delivery of any registered matter cannot be made direct to the postmaster or a connecting Otlice, and it has to be placed in a pouch for a post-ottice, a package receijit for the same^ properly filled up, must be placed in the package of letters for such post-office, to be signed and returned to the employe?. The package nnist always be placed in the pouch, and the pouch securely locked. Sec. 951. Check return of Registered-Package Receipt. — On the return of a registered-package receipt, properly indorsed and signed, the railway-mail employ6 must check its return on his railway-mail-registry-l)ook and preserve it for future reference. In case it fails to return in due season, he nnist prepare a duplicate and semi it to the postmaster. If the duplicate fails to returu in proper time the railway-mail employ^ must report the case, with all particulars, to his Division Superintendent. 196 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 952. Registered Matter for Through-Registered-Pouch-Offices. — Eegis- tered matter that cau be iiroperly forwarded in througli-registered-pouches, coming into the hands of railway mail employes, must be delivered into their terminal post- offices, when such post-offices are through-registered-])ouch-offices, to be forwarded thence under cover of through-registered-pouches. Such registered packages should be kept in the order of their entry on the railway-mail-registry-book, so as to facilitate delivery. Sec. 953. Registered Matter for Delivery to Connecting Office. — When a railway-mail employ^ aiTives at the terminus of his route, he must deliver to a con- necting railway-mail employ^ all registered matter deliverable on the route of such con- necting employ^ when practicable. If he fails to meet such employ^ he must deliver the registered pouches or packages into the terminal post-office with the registered matter deliverable at such post-office. Sec. 954. Get Receipt for Registered Matter and Registry-Book. — Railway mail employes must not leave registered matter at terminal post-offices, under any circumstances, without first obtaining proper receipt therefor, nor must they allow their railway-mail-registry -books to go out of their possession until they can no longer be used. Sec. 955. Turn over Registry-Book when Full to Division Superintendent. — When a railway mail employ^ has filled his registry-book with entries, and all the package-receipts have been returned and checked, he will turn over his book and receipts to his Division Superintendent for filing at his headquarters and receive a receipt showing date of first and final entry in book and the total number of pack- age-receipts, and the book will be placed on file for reference. The package-receipts should be arranged in the oi'der of their entry on the railway-mail-registry-book. Any inquiry or tracer received respecting registered packages entered in such registry- books will be referred to the Division Superintendent with indorsed slip, stating Re- corded IN BOOK, DATED (from first to last date, as shown on receipt.) The Division Superintendent will fill the tracer from the record on the registry-book and forward tracer. TITLE VI. THE MONEY- OimER SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES. CHAPTER ONE. ESTABLISHMENT AND GENERAL PROVISIONS. Sec. 956. Est.iblishment of money-order system. 957. Object of the money-order system. 958. Design of Congress in establishing the money-order system. 959. Postmasters to issue money-orders. Respon- sibility therefor. 960. Issue ofmoney-orders by clerks. Postmasters' responsibility. 961. Postniastfi s to designate clerks to sign money- orders, when. 962. Signature by clerks for postmasters, and by acting postmasters. 963. Classification of money-order post-offices, 964. New bonds retiuired when post-office is made money-order office. 965. Books, circulars, and blanks furnished to money-order offices. 966. Duty of retiiing postmaster at money-order post-office. Sec. 967. Duty of incoming postmaster at money-order post-office. 968. Extra compensation for issuing and paying money-orders. 909. Payment for stationery and incidentals out of money-order proceeds. 970. Surplus money-order ])roceed8, how accounted for. Limit of clerk-hire. 971. Special permission required for all expendi- tures. 972. Postmasters to recommend money -order sys- tem to the public. 973. Postmasters must conform strictly to reg- ulations. 974. No money-order business on Sunday. 975. Letteis on money-order business to be for- warded .separately. 976. Postmaster-General may make foreign money- oi'der conventions. 977. Books to be kept at money-order post-offices • Sec. 956. Establishment of the Money-Order System. — To promote public convenience, and to insure greater security in the transfer of money through the mail, the Postmaster- General may establi.sh and maintain, under such rules and regulations as he may deem expedient, a uniform money-order system, at all suitable post-otfices, which shall be designated as " money-order offices." (R. S., 4027.) Sec. 957. Object of the Money-Order System. — The money-order system i.s iuteiuU'd ti) promote public convenience and to secure safety in the tran.sfer through the mails of small sums of money. The principal means employed to attain safety con- sist in leaving out of the money-order the name of the p.ayee or person for ^vhom the money is intended. In this respect a money-order differs from au ordinary liank draft or check. An advice, or notification, containing full particulars of the money- order, is transmitted without dehvy by the issuing postmaster to the postmaster at the po.st-office of pajnnent. The latter is thus furnished, liefore the money-order itself is presented, with information which will enable him to prevent its payment to any j)erson not entitled thereto, provided the remitter complies with the regulation of the Department wMcli ]>roliibits him from sending the same information in a letter inclosed with his mouc'v-order. 197 198 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Ss3. 953. Dasign of Congrsss in Establishing Money-Order Systeii. — The following is the construction given by the late Attoruey-Geueral (Williams) to the statute creating the money-order sj'stem : Congress designed to give money-orders, in some res]iects, the character of ordinary negotiable instruments, to the end that they might be received with full credit, and their usefulness, in a business point of view, be thus promoted. The statute does not contemplate that the remitter of the money-order shall be at liberty to revoke it and demand back his money against the will of the payee after it comes into the possession of the latter ; since, to enable the former to obtain a repay- ment of the funds deposited, he must produce the monej^-order. The payee of the money-order, upon complying with the requirements of the law and of the regulations of the Post-Office Department, is entitled to payment of the money on demand, and the remitter of the money-order cannot, previous to its being paid, by any notice that he may give to the post-office at which it is payable, forbid the payment thereof to the payee. (14 Opinions, 119.) Sec. 959. Postmasters to Issue Money Orders. Responsibility therefor. — The postmaster of every city where branch j^ost-offices or stations are established and in operation, snbject to his supervision, is authorized, under the direction of the Postmaster-General, to issue, or cause to be issued, by any of his assistants or clerks in charge of branch post-offices or stations, jjostal money-orders, payable at his own or at any other money-order office, or at any branch i)ost-office or station of his own, or of any other money-order office, as the remitters thereof may direct ; and the postmaster and his sureties shall, in every case, be held account- able upon his official bond for all moneys received by him or his desig- nated assistants or clerks in charge of stations, from the issue of money- orders, and for all moneys which may come into his or their hands, or be placed in his or their custody by reason of the transaction by them of money-order business. (R. S., § 4029.) Seo. 980. Issue of Money-Orders by Clerks. Postmasters' Responsibility. — In case of the sickness or unavoidable absence from his office of the postmaster of any money-order post-office, he may, with the approval of the Postmaster-General, authorize the chief clerk, or some other clerk employed therein, to act in his place, and to discharge all the duties required by law of such postmaster ; and the official bond given by the principal of the office shall be held to cover and apply to the acts of the person appointed to act in his place in such cases ; and such acting officer shall, for the time being, be subject to all the liabilities and i)en- alties prescribed by law for the official misconduct in like cases of the postmaster for whom he shall act. (R. S., 4031.) Sec. 931. Postmasters to Designate Clerks to Sign Money-Orders, when. — In case of the sickness or unavoidable absence for a length of time from his post-office of the postmaster at a money-order post-office, ho should apply to the Postmaster- General for permission to put a designated clerk in his place to discharge his duties, upon the condition that the bond of the postmaster shall cover and apply to the acts of such clerk. Sec. 982. Signature by Clerks for Postmasters and by Acting Postmasters. — It is desirable that money-orders and otlier otUcial papers should in all cases be signed by the postmaster himself; but when, by reason of his unavoidable absence, it may be necessary for the assistant postmaster or designated clerk to sign the moucy-orders, TITLE VI THE MONEY-OKDER SYSTEM. 199 the postinastor's namo must lie writtoii, ami lnucath it tin* naiiK- and (l<'.si<;nutii)ii of the writer, tlins: "JOHN DOE, *' FoxtmaHter, "By RICHAlfl) KOE, "Aasislaiil I'Dslmaxler {or Clrrk)." It may .also liapp»Mi that in case of the doatli, the ab.seoinliim, or the arrest of a postmaster, a person may he jihaced hy the sureties in charj^e of the iiost-olhce as "aetinj; postmaster" for them until a new postmaster is appointed hy the Dejiartment. The person thus placed in charge shouUl sign money-orders and other otflcial papers as "acting postmaster." Sec. 933. Classification of Money-Order Post-Officss. — Money-order post- ofhees are divided into two classivs. Post-olliinvs of tlif tir.st class are, depositories, in which those of the second class deposit their surplus mouey-ordi-r funds. This classi- fication does not in any manner refer to that estaldished hy section 100. The names of money-order post-ottices of the first class are printed in the United States Official Postal Guide in italics. Any post-othce in either class may draw upon any other post-oftice in the list of money-order jtost-ottices. Sec. 964. New Bonds Required at Post-Offices Made Money-Order Offices. — Postmasters whose post-otiices are designated as money-order post-otfices are re(iuired, before commencing the money-order business, to give a new bond to the government, with at least two sureties, which is conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties and obligations imposed upon them by the laws relating to the postal as well as to the money-order business. Sec. 965. Books, Circulars, Blanks Furnished Money-Order Post-Offices. — When a post-office is designated as a money-order olHee, the postmaster will hv fur- nished with the books required to be kept, and with the necessary blank forms for conducting the money-order business. Postmasters should be careful not to sufter their stock of these blanks to become exhausted, but to make a timely application for a hew supply. The utmost economy in the use of blanks is always to be observed. The registers and the cash-book, being the property of the Department, must be care- fully i)reserv^ed by the postmaster, and must be delivered up when called for, or npou his going out of office. All circulars and instructions sent to a postmaster must be kept on file in his post-ofiice, permanently for reference. Sec. 966. Duty of Retiring Postmaster at a Money-Order Post-Office. — In case of the appointment of a new postmaster at a money-order post-office, it will be- come the duty of the late pcKstmaster to render a statement of the business transacted Tip to the date on which he ceased to bo responsible, even should it be for a fractional part of a week only. Upon giving up charge of the post-office, he will deposit with his successor the balance of money-order funds remaining in his hands, taking dupli- cate receipts therefor, one of which he will transmit to the Superintendent of the Money-Order System, together with his final statement, in the "Summary " of which lie will take credit for the amount thus deposited. The late postmaster will also turn over to his successor the money-order books, blanks, and all circulars and instruc- tions which have been sent to the post-oftice by the Department, and also all advices on hand of money-orders drawn npon him, whether paid or unpaid, and he will obtain therefor, as in the preceding case, duplicate receipts, one of which he will transmit to the Department; the receipt must distinctly state the number and description of the blanks, and must designate the first and the last number of the money-order and ad- vice forms delivered, as, "From No. 13;i to No. .">00, iuclusive." The late postmaster will, therefore, obtain from his successor two separate and distinct sets of receipts — one for the money-order funds only, and one for the money-order blanks. Sec. 987. Duty of Incoming Postmaster at a Money-Order Post-Office. — Upon taking charge of a money-order post-office, the postmaster will obtain from his predecessor full iuformatiou as to the condition of the accounts of the post-office, the 200 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. place of deposit, etc., and he will debit himself in the money-order cash-book, and in his first weekly statement, with the amount of funds received from his predecessor. If the latter had been furnished with a credit on the postmaster at Xew York, he will apply at once to the Department for a transfer to himself of the unexpended balance of such credit, or, if there be no balance, for a renewal thereof in his favor. Sec. 968. Extra Compensation for Issuing and Paying Money-Orders. — Postmasters at money-order offices may be allowed, as compensation for issuing" and paying money-orders, not exceeding one-third of the whole amount of the fees collected on orders issued and one-fourth of one per centum on the gross amount of orders i^aid at their respective offices, provided such compensation, together with the postmaster's salary, shall not exceed foiu' thousand dollars per annum, except in the case of the postmaster at Xew York City. (R. S., § 4047.) Sec. 969. Pajrment for Stationery and Incidentals out of Money-Order Pro- ceeds. — The Postmaster-General may pay out of the proceeds of the money-order business the cost of stationery and such incidental ex- penses as are necessary for the transaction of that business. (R. S., § 4048.) Sec. 970. Surplus Money-Order Proceeds. Limit of Clerk-Hire. — If the entire receipts from the rates of compensation allowed by section 968 for the money- order business at any post-office should, when added to the annual salary of the post- master, exceed the sum of §4,000 per annum, or $1,000 per quarter, he must account to the Department for the surplus of such receipts. At the close of each quarter post- masters will be duly notified by the Auditor of the amount allowed for commissions, and instructed as to the proper entry to be made thereof. Postmasters whose total compensation from all sources amounts to $4,000 per annum can receive nothing in addition thereto for the transaction of the money-order business, but may be allowed by the Postmaster-General a fixed sum for the necessary clerical force actually em- ployed in that business. Postmasters are strictly prohibited from employing in the transaction of their money-order business any portion of the time of their clerks paid for out of the allowance from postal funds for clerk -hire. Sec. 971. Special Permission Rec[uired for All Expenditures. — Postmasters are not authorized to incur, without special permission from the Department, any ex- pense whatever on account of the money-order business, except for necessary stationery to be used exclusively in that business ; but they will bear in mind that all blank- books and blanks required in the transaction of the mouey-order business ai"e not to be purchased by them, but will be furnished by the Department, upou application there- for to the Superintendent of the Money-Order System. They will take credit for all authorized expenses incurred on money-order account iu the cash-book, and iu the sunmiary of the weekly statement, under the liead of "incidental expenses," and will be careful to forward with the statement proper vouchers for the credits claimed therein. Such vouchers must specifically state that the said expense was incurred on money-order account. Upon application to the Third Assistant Postuiaster-General, jiostmasters at money -order post-offices will be supplied by the Department with a sufficient number of envelopes of the size required in the transaction of the mouey- order business. Sec. 972. Postmasters to Recommend the Money-Order System to the Public. — It is expected of postmasters that they will use a legitimate iudueuce iu recommend- ing the mouey-order system, and, by courteous .attention to the in([uiries of applicants, exhibit its superiority as a safe method of transmitting snxall sums of money through the mails. Sec. 973. Postmasters must Conform Strictly to Regulations. — The success of the money-order system will greatly depend upou the attention, promptitude, and TITLE VI THE MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM. 201 accuracy f'f post'iiiVstorH ; ami it is expected, therefore, that every ]H>stiiia.Hter\vill care- fully study the reus ami stri(^tly cnulorin to them. I'ostimisters an; als<» re- quired to report to tlie Superiiiteudeiit ot'tlie Miuiey-Ortler .System all eases of repeateil failure in the re(H',ipt by tliem of advices frou» any ouc i»ost-oriiee. Xe,yli^en<-e in for- wardiii<5 advices cannot Ix^ tt)hn'ated. It causes delay in jiayment, and thereby often intlicts great hardship upon the payoo. It, moreover, tends to deran^^c and discredit the money-order system. Sec. 974. No Money-Order Business on Sunday. — Postmastens are not per- mitted to t r;iiis:iet any money-order business on .Sunday. Sec. 975. Letters on Money-Order Business to be Forwarded Separately. — All letters ;iddressed by postmasters to the Department, or tin; .Superinti-ndent of the Money-Order .System, should be forwarded separately, and are not, under any circum- stances, to be inclosed in envelopes with the "weekly statenu-nts. Sec. 976. Postmaster-General makes Foreign Money-Order Conventions. — The Postmaster-Geueral may conclude aiTaugcnieuts with the i>o.st de- ])artment.s of foreign governments Avitli whicli postal convention.s have been, or may be, concluded, for the exchange, by means of postal orders, of small sums of money, not exceeding fifty dollars in amount, at .sucli rates of exchange, and compensation to postmasters, and under such rules and regulations as he may deem expedient ; and the expenses of establishing and conducting- such system of exchange may be paid out of the i)roceeds of tlie nwney-order bu.siness. (R. S., § 4028.) Sec. 977. Books to be Kept at Money-Order Post-Offices. — The books to be kept, and which, to insure nniformity, will lie furnished to all the money-order post- offices by the Department, \ipon ap^dicatiou to the Superintendent of the Money-Order System, are: 1. A register of money-orders issued, iu which must bo recorded, daily, the particu- lars of all orders issued. 2. A register of advices received, which will l»e used for the record of advices. 3. A casli-book, showing the debit aud credit transactions of each day. They should contain a complete record of the money-order business of the post-offices to which they are furuished, and must be fully written up before the close of each day. The headings of the registers, together with the instructions contained iu Chapter Five of this Title, will so etiectually direct postmasters that no mistakes need occur iu keeping these books. CHAPTER TWO. ISSUE OF DOMESTIC MONEY-ORDERS, Sec. 978. Blank fomia of application to be supplitHl. 979. Postinastcrs proliihiti'tl from tilling up mouey- onler ai)plicatiou9. 980. Printed forms to bo fuinislietl for nionej- orders. 981. Money-order advices. 982. No money-order to be issued on credit. 983. Fees ujion money-orders. No order for more than tifty dollars. 9S4. Fractional parts of a cent not to be included. 985. Only three fifty-dollar orders to one person for same payee. 986. Issuing money-orders and transmitting ad- vices. Sec. 987. Stamping money-orders and advices. 988. Persons i)rocuiing money-orders must care- fully examine them. 989. Signature of postmaster on money -orders must be written. 990. "When erroi-s are made new money -orders must be made out. 991. How to use blank money -orders and advices. 992. Omitted and defective bbinks to be reported. 993. PostmastiMS responsible for loss of money- order forms. 994. How postmasters should make out advices. i 99.1. AVlieu second advices sboulil be issued. ' 990. Amount of money-order to be in writing. 202 POSTAL LAWS AN^D REGULATIONS. Sec. 997. Money-orders may be drawn upon what post- offices. 998. Notice money-order offices discontinued. 999. Postmasters to instruct applicants on what post-office to draw. 1000. Money-orders to be recorded when issued. Sec. 1006. Duplicate money-orders issaed only by the Siiperiatendent. 1007. Duty of postmaster applying for duplicate money -order. 1008. Second advice furnished when needed to get duplicate. 1001. Report when $300 is drawn upon other than I 1009. Original money-order may be paid before first-class post-offices. 1002. Advices to be checked to insure correctness. 1003. Reissue of money-orders. New fee required. 1004. Rules for reissuing money-orders. 1005. Issue of duplicate monej'-orders. duplicate is issued. 1010. Duty of postmaster certifying to non-pay- ment of money-order. 101 1. Postmasters cannot issue duplicates. 1012. On what post-offices duplicates can be drawn. Sec. 978. Blank Forms of Application to be Supplied. — The Postmaster- General shall supply money-order [post] offices with blank forms of appli- cation for money-orders, which each applicant shall fill up with his name, the name and address of the party to whom the order is to be paid, the amount and the date of application ; and all such aj)i)lications shall be preserved by the postmaster receiving them for such time as the Post- master-General may prescribe. (R. S., § 4033.) Sec. 979. Postmasters not to Fill up Money-Order Applications. — When a mouey-order is applied for, the postmaster will funiish the applicant with a printed form of application (Form No. 0001), in which the latter must enter, himself, .all the particulars of amount, name, address, &c., required to be stated in the money-order and advice. Postmasters and money-order clerks are strictly in'ohibited from filling up the application. Sec. 980. Printed Forms to be Furnished for Money-Orders. — Tlie Post- master-General shall furnish money-order [post] offices with printed or engraved forms for money-orders, and no order shall be valid unless it be drawn upon such form. (R. S., § 4034.) Sec. 981. Money-Order Advices. — The postmaster issuing a money-order shall send a notice thereof by mail, without dehiy, to the postmaster on whom it is drawn. (R. S., § 4035.) Sec. 982. No Money-Order to be Issued on Credit. — Any postmaster who issues a mone^'-order without having previously received the money therefor shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars. (R. S., § 4030.) Postmasters are not permitted to receive in payment of money-ox'ders issued by them, or to pay out for money-orders drawn upon them, any money that is not a legal-tender by the laws of the United States, except national bank notes. Check, drafts, or promissory notes are not to be received under any circumstances for money-orders. Sec. 983. Fees upon Money-Orders. No Order for more than Fifty Dollars. — On and after the first day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, the fees on money-orders shall be, for orders not exceeding fifteen dol- lars, ten cents ; exceeding fifteen and not exceeding thirty dollars, fif- teen cents; exceeding thirty and not exceeding fort^^ dollars, twenty cents ; exceeding forty and not exceeding fifty dollars, twenty-five cents ; and no money-order shall be issued for a sum greater than fifty dollars. (R. S., § 4032, as amended by act of March 3, 1875, 18 Stat., p. 351.) Sec. 984. Fractional Parts of a Cent not to be Included. — A single money- order may include any amount from one cent to fifty dollars, but such uioney-order must not coutaiu a fractional part of a cent. TITLE VI THE MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM. 203 Sec. 985. Only Three Fifty-Dollar Orders to one Person for same Payee. — Wlu-n a liiij^rr .siuii than lifty tlollars is rciinircd, aildidoiml inniii'v-orfliTs t<» iiiakr it ii|» iiuist lteol»taiii('«l. Hut post iiiaHtstitnti<»n of a diffen'iit remitter for every three of a larf^e immber of money-orders issued in om; day, in favor of the same i)ayee, should nf)t Ix* tolerated liy ]iostmasters. Sec. 986. Issuing^ Money-Orders and Transmitting Advices. — From the itom.s oontaiiMMl in the ajiplication, tlu) postmaster will make out the money-onler re(|nired in c<»nformity therewith, and also the corresponding form of advice. The numey-order, ■when completed, is to he handed to the apidicant upon i)ayment of the sutn expressi-d therein and of the fee charg<'al)le tlu'reon, which fee must invariably be p.iid in money, postage-stamps not being receivable therefor. By the first mail dispatched to the 2)ost-ottice of payment after the issue of a money-order, the ])ostmaster m nst transmit, in a sealed envelope, the corresponding advice to the postmaster at the itost-office upon which it is drawn. In forwarding advices lie must use only such envelopes as bear the print tlKircof, and should th(! ijostiiiastcr to whom the moiu-y-onlcr is prt'scntnl notify the IJepurtnR'Ut ofthf liict hoforu a dnplicatc in i.ssni-d, «pfci:il pei- iiiission will In- jjivcu him to pay or repay, as the case may be, snch orijrinal mon«'y- order. IJut it" sntllcient time ha8 elapsed for the isnuo of a dnplieate, the postmaster to whom the money-order is presented will write across it the words, Cancklkd — DU- PLIOATK Ari'i.iKO i"t)U. If the person who presents it requires the jmstmaster to return it to him, he may do so; ))nt, if not, the money-order should he sent to tln' Department. Sec. 1010. Duty of Postmaster Certifying Non-payment of Money-Order. — ^Vh('U a postmaster sii^us acertilieatc that a money-order drawn upon his iiost-otlicc lias not been and will not be paid, ho should at once note the same )>y writing, in red ink, across the face of the advice and under the entry thereof in the register of advices received, the words Duplicate applikd fou — okuiixal monky-oudku xot to hk paid; ami in the case of a money-order issued at his post-oftice, when he has certified that the original money-order has not been and will not be repaid, he will write under the entry of the said money-order, in the register of money-orders issued, the words Duplicate applied for — ouiginal money-ordeu not to be repaid. Neglect of this rule may involve a postmaster in serious trouble, as he will be held strictly accountable should the original money-order be afterward paid or rejtaid at his post-ofiice. Sec. 1011. Postmasters cannot issue Duplicates. — Duplicate luouey-onler.s will lie issued only l)y tlu^ Dt-partnient. Under no circumstances whatever will a post- master be allowed to issue them. Sec. 1012. On what Post-Offices Duplicates can be Drawn. — A duplicate money-order can only be drawn upon the issuing or on the paying post-oftice of the original money-order, and becomes invalid if it bear more than one indorsement or is not presented for payment within one year after its date. CHAPTER THREE. PAYMENT OF DOMESTIC MONEY-ORDERS. Sec. I Sec. 1013. Money-order valid only cue year from date, i 1029. Money-orders must be correctly receipted 1014. Only one indorseiuent allowed on money- and stamped. order. 1030. Payment of money-order on daj' of issue. 1015. Postmasters must have payees identified. 1031. Department not responsible after pajnueut of 1016. Money-orders must not be paid until advice money-order. is received. 1032. How money -orders more than a year old may 1017. Advices examined and filed as received. i be paid. 1018. Advices miist be kept secret. j 1033. Advices to be examined for money-orders 1019. Missent advices to be remailed. over a year old. 1020. Second advice to be entered when received. 1034. Payment of amounts of money-orders iUe- 1021. Precautions to be taken before paying money- [ gaily indorsed. orders. 1035. Repayment of money -order to applicant. 1022. Money-orders not properly issued to be re' \ 1036. Rules for repaying money-orders. fused payment. | 1037. Repaid money-orders to be so stamped. 1023. Inquiry for missing advice. 1038. Repaid UKmey-orders to be signed by ■whom. 1024. Duty of postmaster when money-order does 1039. Repayment by duplicate. not agree with advice. , 1040. .Special notice of repayment, how entered. 1025. Postmasters must provide against delays in 1041. Po.stmasters to pay only money-orders drawn paying money-orders. I on their post-otlices. 1026. Paid money -orders to be stamped and re- 1042. Xotice to be sent to payee of duplicate. corded. 1043. Postmaster-General may stop paynu>nt of 1027. Payment by duplicate to be noted. money -orders, when. 1028. Payment upon power of attorney or to legal 1044. When postmasti'rs should withhold pajiucut representative. of inouey-ordi^rs. Sec. 1013. Money-Orders Valid only for One Year from Date. — Xo money- order shall be valid and i)ayable unless presented to the postmaster on 208 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. whom it is drawn witliin one year after its date ; bnt tlie Postmaster- General, on the application of the remitter or payee of any snch order, may cause a new order to be issued in lieu thereof. (R. S., §4036.) Sec. 1014. Only One Indorsement Allowed on Money-Orders. — The payee of a money-order may, by his written indorsement thereon, direct it to j be] paid to any other person, and the postmaster on whom it is draw'n shall pay the same to the person thus designated, provided he shall fur- nish such proof as the Postmaster-General may prescribe that the in- dorsement is genuine, and that he is the person empowered to receive payment; but more than one indorsement shall render an order invalid and not payable, and the holder, to obtain payment, must apply in writ- ing to the Postmaster-General for a new order in lieu thereof, returning the original order, and making such proof of the genuineness of the in- dorsements as the Postmaster-General may require. (R. S., §4037.) Sec. 1015. Postmasters must have Payees Identified. — ^Wheii a money- order is presented for j)aynieut at the post-office upoa which it is drawn, the post- master or authorized clerk will use all j)roper means to assure himself that the ap- plicantisthepersonuamed andintendedin theadvice, oristhe indorsee orattorney of the latter ; and npon payment of the money-order care must be taken to obtain the sig- nature of the payee, or of the person authorized by him to receive payment, to the receipt on the face of the money-order. The signature to the receipt upon the face of the money-order must be that of the pei'son who presents and receives payment of the same. Sec. 1016. Money-Orders must not be Paid until Advice is Eeceived. — No money-order must be paid until the corresponding letter of advice has been received. Sec. 1017. Advices Examined and Filed as Received. — As soon as prac- ticable after the. close of each day's business, all advices received during the day must be arranged and filed in alphabetical order according to the name of the issui ug post-office so that, whenever needed, they may be referred to without difficulty. They must be retained on file for a term of four years, at the expiration of which time they are to be disposed of as " waste i)aper " of the post-office. The postmaster is required to examine each advice when received, to see that it is properly stamped and in all respects regu- lar, and at the same time, if found to be drawn upon his post-office, to enter the par- ticulars thereof in the register of advices received. To avoid errors and to facilitate payment, the ''paid" and "unpaid" advices should be kept in separate packages. Sec. 1018. Advices must be Kept Secret. — Every care should be taken to guard against the loss of these important documents ; and with this view, and to pre- vent their disarrangement, they should be kept under lock and key. Postmasters, assistant postmasters, and money-order clerks are forbidden to reveal to any jiersou the information communicated to them by the advices in their possession of money- orders drawn npon their respective post-offices. Sliould they do so, in any case, with- out special permission from the Department, such action will be regarded by the Post- master-General as sufficient cause for removal. Sec. 1019. Missent Advices to be Remailed. — In the event of an advice being received of a money-order which is not drawn upon his post-office, the post- ma^stcr must transmit it by the first mail to its ])roper destination, previously noting on the document the circumstance of its having been missent. A strict compliance Avitli this regulation is of the utmost iuiiiortance to jirevent delay in paynu'nt. Sec. 1020. Second Advice to be Entered when Received. — Should a second advice bo received, correcting the number, name, or amount of the original, the entry in the register should be altered accordinglj', and the second advice be attached to the original, and i>]aced ou file. TITLE VI THE MONKY-ORDER SYSTEM. 209 Sec. 1021. Precautions to be Taken before Pa3ring Money-Orders. — When a moncy-iirdcrisprosciitcd forpjiyiiicnt, tlio ])ostiiiastcr will first «N.iiiiiiif flicdoriimcrit tf> sec tliat it isjjropcrly si<;m'(l, Htaiiipcd, <'tc. ; lif will t}i<'ii<'f)nipan' tlirdatf, nuinlKT, arid amount with the advicf or with tlio record tlu'ret^f in the roj^istir of advicos nn-pjvod, and satisfy himself that tlie ajtplieant is the person entitled to ])ayinent. Every pereon who appli(^s for payincMit of a money-order should he reipiired Ity the \}<>Ht- master to prove his identity, unless the applicant is known to l)e the ri;;htful owner of the money-order. Special cautionshould heexereisedin the payment ofmoney-ordcrB issued in favor of women or of soldiers or sailors. In the event of a money-order having been paid to the wrong person through lack of necessary precatition on the part of the postmaster, he will V»e held aecoiintahle for such payment. Whoever identifies the payee of a money-order should he required, hefore payment is made, to write his name and residence on the hack of the corresponding advice, under a statement that he knows the applicant for jiayment to be the person he represents himself to be. Care should be taken that the signature of the payee be as full as the name given in the advice, and that it be in no way inconsistent therewith. If the payee be unable to write, he must sign the receipt by making his mark, to be witnessed in writing. The witness should sign his name, with his address, in the presence of the yiostmaster, and the latter will then certify the payment by adding his own initials. The witness should be known to the postmaster, but it is desirable (though not imperative) that he be not connected with the post-office. In no case should the postmaster act as witness himself. It is not absolutely necessary that the witness should be personally acquainted with the payee. \Vlien the payee of a money-order is a bank, railway company, insurance company, municipality, college, newspaper, society, or corporation of any kind, the president, cashier, manager, secretary, treasurer, agent, or the person who has author- ity to receive payment of moneys due such bank, railway company, «fec., must be required to sign the receipt on the money-order in his official capacity, and the i)aying postmaster may exact satisfactory proof that the applicant for payment is duly author- ized to sign and to receive payment of the money-order. Sec. 1022. Money-Orders not Properly Issued to be Refused Payment. — Should thestampof theissuingpostmasterandthe written date be wanting upon amoney-order, the postmaster at the post-office upon which it is drawn nuist decline payment, but a money-order may be paid notwithstanding the absence of the stamp of the issuing post- office, provided the money-order is not defective in any other respect. Money-orders from which the stamp of either post-office has been omitted will be rejected as vouchers by the Department, and will be returned to the postmaster at fault, in order that the omis.sion may be supplied. Sec. 1023. Inquiry for Missing Advice. — When a money-order is presented for which no advice has been received, one of the printed letters of inquiry for missing advices (Form No. 6006) must at once be dispatched to the postmaster who issued the order. Under no circumstances whatever can an order be paid nntil the corresponding advice shall have been received. Sec. 1024. Duty of Postmaster when Money-Orders do not Agree with Advice. — When a mouey-ordor is presented which does not agree with the advice, payment must be refused until a second advice can be obtained, unless the ditference be evidently acci- dental and tritiing, in which case the postmastermay, if he chooses, pay the money-order ; but he will be held responsible if the payment should prove to be incorrect. Every case of ditference, however small, between a money-order and an advice should be reported in forwarding the money-order at the end of the week. If the discrepancy is considerable and is not corrected by a second advice, the holder of the money-order shouM be directed to return it to the remitter, so that the latter may present it to the issuing postmaster for repayment and the issue of a new money-order in lieu thereof. If the latter postmas- ter is responsible for the error, he must charge himself with the fee for the new money - order. In case, however, the amount stated in the advice is less than that in the money- 14 PL 210 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. order, pa^nnent of the lesser amount may be made to the payee at ouce, provided he requests it. The postmaster must then -write across the face of the money-order this memorandum : Paid $ , amount or advice, ix compliance with payee's kequest ; and must send to the issuing postmaster for a second advice. Should the amount of the second advice agree with that of the money-order the postmaster will transmit to the Superintendent of the Money-Order System, in an envelope marked " Special," the paid money-order, together with both advices and a full statement of the case, that he may cause the balance due on the money-order to be paid to the payee. If the second advice agrees in amount with the first, no further action need be taken in the matter. Sec. 1025. Postmasters Paying Money-Orders must Provide against Delays. — It is the special duty of the postmaster to provide as far as possible against delay in the payment of money-orders on presentation, by making immediate application for funds (using Form No. 60.36), whenever the amount of advices received indicates the need of assistance to enable him to pay (he corresponding money-orders. He is authorized to defer payment only long enough to procure the requisite funds, and the delay, if he is prompt in making his application, should not exceed five days. Should a postmaster who has sufficient funds of the Department, whether arising from the issue of money- orders or from postages, in his hands, refuse to pay money-orders drawn upon him when dulj' presented, such refusal will be deemed sufficient cause for his immediate removal. Sec. 1026. Paid Money-Orders to be Stamped and Recorded. — After payment of a money-order, the date of such payment must immediately be stamped upon the money-order and upon the advice, and likewise entered opposite the record thereof in the register of advices received, with the word Paid written opposite the entry, in the column headed "Remarks." Sec. 1027. Payment by Duplicate to be^SToted. — Wlien a money-order is paid by duplicate, the fact must be noted iu the register of advices received, by writing op- posite the entry of the advice, in the column of "Remarks," the words Paid by dupli- cate No. — (adding the number and date of payment). The same should be written iu red ink under the particulars of the original order in the weekly statement. Sec. 1028. Payment upon Power of Attorney or to Legal Representative. — Postmasters are prohibited from iiaying a money-order to a second person without the written indorsement to such second person by the payee on the back of the money-order, unless the payee has, by a duly executed power of attorney, designated and appointed some person to collect moneys due or to become due him, iu which case the attorney should be required, before payment is made him, to file at the post-office of payment a certified coi)y of such jjower of attorney, or unless the payee has given a written order, addressed to the paying postmaster, which is to be filed with the latter, author- izing a second j»ers;iyiil)l(> to ;i firtii, bank, or r(»iM]iiiiiy wliii'li liiis ccjisrd to (;xisf, imiMt Im- |)iiitl to llin Ifjiiil rcpi'csciitnl i\ <• tlincof. Sec. 1029. Money-Orders must be Correctly Receipted and Stamped. — Any moiH'y-onlir not corifcll.v n-cciiited, or not 8tani]>('(l witli tin- date of [layniint, will Ix- disallowed from tlic wi't-kly acronnt and n-turni-d for correction. Sec. 1030. Payment of Money-Order on Day of Issue. — Tlie Dcpartnient docs not undertako to secure payment of a money-order on the day of its issuostmaster to whom such applica- tion shall be made to till up and dispatch the proper forms therefor. The duplicate will be issued agreeably to the request contained in the postmaster's letter — i. c, to the remitter, payee, or indorsee— and made payable at the issuing or the paying post-ofhce, as may be desired, and forwarded to the address specified by the ai>plicant. Sec. 1035. Repayment of Money-Order to Applicant— The postina.ster issu- ing a money -order shall repay the amount of it upon application of the per- 212 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. son who obtained it, and the return of the order; but the fee paid tor it shall not be returned. (R. S., § 4039.) Sec. 1038. Rules for Eepaying Money-Orders. — A postmaster may repay a money-order issued at his own post-office, provided the money-order is presented to him for that i^urpose, and is less than one year old, and does not bear more than one indorse- ment ; bntthe repayment must be made to the person who obtained the money-order, except in special cases. (See section 1038.) If the advice has gone forward to the poet-office upon which the money-order was drawn, the postmaster will, by the first mail,dispatch a special advice (Form No. 6036) notifying that post-office of the'repay- ment. If the advice has not gone forward, it is to be transmitted to the Superintend- ent of the Money-Order Sj'^stem, inclosed with the corresponding repaid money-order in the weekly account. The fee must not in any case be refunded. Sec. 1037. Repaid Money-Orders to be so Stamped. — The word Repaid (and the date) must be written or stamped on the face of every repaid money-order, and a corresponding entry made in the register of money-orders issued, against the par- ticulars of the money-order and in the column headed "Remarks." Sec. 1033. Repaid Money-Orders to be Signed, by Whom. — Every money- order repaid must be signed by the remitter or jierson who procured it. But if he should be unable to make application for such repayment in person, it can be made to another party, in which case the remitter will fill up the indorsement upon the back with the name of the person to whom he wishes the payment made, and sign his own name thereto, substituting the word "remitter" for that of "payee," where the latter occurs. But postmasters will exercise the greatest caution in repaying a money-order to a second person. It may occasionally ha|ipen that a money-order is presented for payment at the post-office of issue by the payee. The issuing postmaster is at liberty to pay the money-order in such case, and treat it as "repaid," provided he is satisfied as to the identity of the payee, and that the latter has good reasons for presenting the order at his post-office. Across the face of the order should be written these words, viz: Repaid to thk payee, and a "special advice of repayment" should be forwarded to the post-office on which the mdfney-order was drawn. Sec. 1039. Repayment by Duplicate. — When a money-order is repaid by duplicate, the fact must be noted in the register of money-orders issued, by writiiig opposite the entry of the original money-order, in the column of "Remarks," the words Repaid by duplicate No. — (adding the number and the date of repayment). Special notice must also be sent to the post-office on which the original money-oixler was drawn. In taking credit for such repayment in the sunniiary of the weekly statement, the postmaster will enter the number of the original monej^-order, and also that of the dupli- cate, thus, "By money-order No. 1286 (repaid by duplicate 120), ^19.25." Sec. 1040. Special Notice of Repayment, how Entered. — When a post- master receives a special notice of the repayment of a money-order by the issuing post- master, he will write the words Repaid at (naming the place and date) oppo- site the entry in the register of advices received, and also upon the original advicei which, .after having attached the special notice thereto, he will pl.ace on lil(^ Sec. 1041. Postmasters Pay only Money-Orders on their Post-Offices. — jS^o postmaste)' will be permitted to pay a money-order which is not drawn upon his post- office. This, however, does not preclude the repayment of a money-order at the post- office where it was drawn, .as s{)ecified in section 1036. The postmaster at the post- office drawn upon m.ay also jiay a money-order to the remitter thereof, but such Jiair- menti should be mad(^ with great caution, as prescribc'd in section WAS. Sec. 1042. Notice to be Sent to Payee of Duplicate. — The postmaster who receives from the Departnumt a duplicate payable by him must forthwith send notice to the ijayco of such duplicate to call for payment. In jtaying a duplicate order the postmaster is iHsquirod to exercise the same precautions as in paying an original order. Sec. 1043. Postmaster-General may Stop Payment of Money-Orders, when. — TITLE VI — THH MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM. 218 The Postmaster-General may, upon evidence satisfactory to liim that any person is (Mi^;i<;e«I in coiKliictinj; any fraudulent lottery, j^ilt enter- prise, or scheme for the distribution of money, or of any real or jiersonal property, by lot, chance, or drawing of any kind, or in conducting any other scheme or device for obtaining money through the mails by means of false or irau samo, number and date lio will di'livcr, when completed, to tin- rf-ntittcr, as a rot'cipt for tho amount paid in by tlic latter. No ''advice" is used at the issuing post-oHice in this interuatioiial system, inasmuch as the money-order, insteail of being delivered to the remitter for transmission, is forwarded directly by the issuing post- master to tiic ''exihange" post-oflice at New York. The particulars of the money- order are to hci entered in tlie register of international nion«'y-cM(b'rs issued, and the apjilication must be retained on tile. The general rules in regard to issuing domesti* money-orders contained in the domestic money-order instructions are to be observed in the issue of international money-orders, in so far as these rules are applicable. The postmaster, however, must ret'nse to issue a money-order payable to any person, if the surname and the initial hotter of that person's luimc^ are not furnished by the apjilicant, unless the payee be a peer or a bishop, in which case his ordinary title is sufticieut. If the payee be a tirm, the usual designation of such firm will suffice, such as " Baring Bros.,'' " Smith »& Sou," ".Jones & Co." ; but the mc're term " Messrs.," such as "Messrs. Rivington," or the name of a company trading under a title "which does not consist of the names of the persons composing such company, as, for example, "The Carron Company," must not be accepted as suflftcieut by the issuing postmaster, who will decline to issue a money-order on the United Kingdom in favor of such payee, as i)aymeiit thereof would be refused in th.af country. Sec. 1048. Issuing Postmaster not to Decide Coin Value of Currency. — The issuing postmaster must not undertake to decide detinitively upon the actual value in United States gold coin of a certain sum in currency for which an international money- order is issued. He is at liberty, h(nvever, to advise the remitter as to its ai)proximato value, which may be found to differ materially from the real value, as the latter is to be comput(>d upon the basis of the premium upon gold on the day of the receipt of the money-order l)y the postmaster at New York. Hence, this Department cannot undertake, on behalf of a remitter in this country, to pay a determinate sum in gold in the United Kingdom. As the pren'ium on gold is variable, it is evident that an in- ternational money-order issued for a sum in United States currency may, when received at the exchange post-office at Now York, yield a sum in gold greater or less than that considered at the post-otfice of issue as the equiA\ilent of such money-order. For the same reason, the value in United States currency of a money-order in gold, certified by the exchange office at London to the exchange post-office at New York, would depend upon the premium on gold on the day of the receipt of the list containing such certified ordei-. This Department, therefore, cau only agree to cause a payment to be made to a beneficiary in Great Britain of the gold value of any international money-order issued for an amount in United States currency, and to pay to a beneficiary in this country the currency value of an international money-order in gold from Great Britain. To guard against misapprehension, postmasters will l)c careful to exjilain this point fully to remitters and to payees. Sec. 10i9. Postmaster of New York Decides Coin Value of Currency. — Wlieii the international money-order and coupon are received by the postmaster at New York, the latter will stamp thereon the date of receipt, and insert the items to be filled iuby him, viz: "Premium on gold the day of receipt at New York"; "Value of money- order in United States gold"; "Value of nnmey-order in sterling"; "Date and number of list in which money-order was certified to the United Kingdom "; " Current number of certified money-order."' When the coupon has been c(uni)leted by the postmaster at New York, he will return it to the issuing postmaster, who will place it on file with the corr(!sponding application for reference, in case the remitter of the money-order desires information as to the value thereof in gold when received at New York, the amount transmitted, or the date of transmission. It is expected that the issuing post- master will cheerfully and promptly comply with a reiiuest of the remitter for infor- mation as to any of these points. Sec. 1850. Lists of International Money-Orders. — It is tbe duty of the postn'iaster at New York to enter the particulars of each British international money- 216 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. order issued in this country and received by him since his last previous dispatch to Great Britain in a blank form called a "List of international jiostal orders," which list he transmits by the next transatlantic mail to the exchange post-office at London, together with his certificate that the several amounts of these money -orders have been duly received in the United States for payment in the United Kingdom to the persons named in that list. He also forwards at the same time a money-order drawn by him, in sterling, in favor of and addressed to each payee mentioned in the list, which order the exchange office at London undertakes to send, free of postage, to the payee. The postmaster at New York, therefore, retains on file all international money-orders drawn on him by postmasters in the United States, but forwards to the United Kingdom a descriptive list thereof, together with corresponding money-orders, payable in sterling, made out by him in favor of the several beneficiaries. The exchange post-office at London, in like manner, transmits by each transatlantic mail to the postmaster at the exchange i)ost-office at New York a similar list of international money-orders for sums received in the United Kingdom for payment to beneficiaries in the United States. The receiving exchange post-office at New York immediately issues a money-order in favor of each beneficiary for an amount in United States currency equivalent to that in gold mentioned in the certified list, which money-order is payable by the money- order post-office nearest his place of residence, and is transmitted to the postmaster at such post-office. It is provided by the Convention that each exchange post-office shall, in the certified lists, state the amounts of the money-orders in the denominations of the money of the dispatching and of the receiving country, and that, in the trans- action of the international money-order business, the pound sterling of Great Britain .shall be considered as equivalent in value to four dollars and eighty-six cents of the gold coin of the United States. Sec. 1051. Payment of International Money-Orders. — Upon the receipt of an international money-order, issued by the postmaster at New York upon the post- master of a money-order post-office in this country, the latter will enter the particulars thereof in his register of international money-orders received. He will then send a notification (Form No. 6704) to the payee to apply for payment of the order in person or by his duly authorized agent, who must file with the paying postmaster his written authority from the payee to receive payment of the money-order and execute a receipt therefor, and must prove his identity if required to do so. Such written authority, when given by a payee who does not reside within the delivery of the post-office of payment, should be executed in the in^esence of the postmaster of his locality, and should bear a certificate from the latter to that effect, as well as the impression of his post-office stamp. The date of payment must immediately be stamped upon the in- ternational money-order and likewise entered opposite the record thereof in the register, and the paid money-order imist be forwarded to the Department as a voucher with the weekly statenuMit of international money-(n-der business. Sec. 1052. Inquiry for Missing International Money-Order. — Should inquiry be made at the post-office for a money-order from Great Britain, notice of which had been received by the jjayee from the remittci', but wliich had not reached the post- master, he will send a letter of inquiry upon the subject to the postmaster at New York. The latter, in case an international money-order luid been drawn by him upon the postmaster in favor of the payee and had been lost in transmission, will take measures to furnish a duplicate thereof. Sec. 1053. Repayment of International Money-Orders. — Whenever the re- mitter of an international money-order, i)ayable in tin; United Kingdom, makes appli- cation to the issuing postmaster for repayment of the amount thereof, the latter should immediately communicate the fact to this Department, whereupon, if the money-order has not already been certified by the exchange post-office at New York to the exchange post-office at London for payment, the issuing postmaster will be authorized to repay the amount of such money-order. But if it has been so certified, this Department will notify the Postal Department of Great Britain that application has been made for its I TITLE VI — TIIK MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM. 217 repaymoiit, iiiid, should it not li.ivc lutii paid in that country at tlio date of the r, hecome invalid, and will he recertilied to the country of issin- for re- payment, or other disposal, in accordance with the hiws ami rt fiulations of that country. Postmasters will therefore take care to forward proini>tly to this ])fi»art- nuuit all invalid money-orders of this kind, with their weekly stat<'iiients containing,' a d(^scrij)lioii lliereot". Sec. 1054. Issue of Duplicate International Money-Orders. — In ea.s(; the postmaster who issues an international money-order does not receive, after a snflicient lapse of time, the correspondinj; coupon thereof, duly filled up and stamped hy the postmaster at New York, the former should mm\ him a letter of inquiry on the suhject, with the recjuest that, if the money-order had not heen received at the exchange post- ottice at New York, the latter would transmit to the issuing post-oflHce a certiticate to that ertect. Ui)on the receipt of such a document, the postmastcir who issued the original should draw and transmit a new money-order in liini thereof, for the same amount, and should write across its face, and across the coupon, in red ink, the wonls In lieu of Bkitisii ixtiorxatioxai. moxey-ordkr No. — , not rkceivkd ijy tiik POSTMASTER AT New York. Th(^ certificate of loss should he carefully tiled, hut it is not necessary to make out and deliver a second receipt; to the remitter. Sec. 1055. Money-Orders on Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. — The in- ternational post-otHce of exchange with the United States, on the part of the Ger- man Empire, is Cologne, and on the part of Switzerland, is IJasle, and on the part of Italy, is Turin. Sec. 1056. Fees for Money-Orders on Switzerland and Italy. — ^The forego- ing instructions relative to the international money-order system between Great Brit- ain and this country are, except as provided in section 1058, to he strictly followed hy postmasters in the issue of international money-orders payable in Switzerland, Germany, or Italy, and in the payment of money-orders for sums delivered to the postal administration of either of those countries, for transmission to the United States. The fees or rates of commission for the issue of international numey-orders, payable in Switzerland or Italy, are the same as are charged for issuing international money-orders on Great Britain. Sec. 1057. Fees for Money-Orders on Germany. — The fees for the issue of international money-orders jiayable in Germany are as follows, viz: On money-orders not exceeding $.5, 15 cents ; over $5 and not exceeding $10, 25 cents ; over $10 and not exceeding $20, 50 cents ; over |20 aiul not exceeding $30, 75 cents; over$:?0 and not exceeding $40, $1 ; over $40 and not exceeding $50, $1.25. Sec. 1058. Rules for Money-Orders on Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. — In the issue of international money-orders payable in Germany, Switzerhiml, or Italy? the mode of procedure differs from that described in section 1047 of the instructions relative to British international money-orders, in this respect, viz : The postnuister at New York transmits, at stated periods, to the exchange Y>ost-office at Cologne, or at Basle, or at Turin, as the case may require, a list of international money-orders, for sums received in the United States, for payment by either of those ])ost-ottice8 in their respective countries, but no money-orders are drawn by him in favor of and addressed to the payees, and transmitted to either of those exchange jiost-oftices for dtdivery, in the manner detailed in section 1049. On the receipt of a "list" from New York by the exchange post-otHce at Cologne, at Basle, or at Turin, a don\eatic money- order is immediately issued in favor of each payee mentioned in the list, which omer is j)ayaV)lo at the money-order post-oflice nearest his place of residence, and is sent to him or to the postmaster at such ])ost-ottice. Sec. 1059. Interchange of Money-Orders with Canada.— The exchange of 218 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. money-orders between tlie United S tates and Canada is to be effected througli the agency -of certain post-offices in the United States, selected for that purpose, to be known as ''international exchange post-offices." Sis such exchange post-offices have been agreed upon in the convention between the two countries, viz, Bangor, Me., Buffalo, N. Y., Detroit, Mich., Saint Paul, Minn., Portland, Oreg., Saint Albans, Vt. Sec. 1080. Issue of Money-Orders on Canada and Newfoundland. — Certain •other money-order i>ost-offices in this country, specially selected for this service by the Postmaster-General, and to be known as "inland post-offices," in distinction from (the exchange jjost-offices, are authorized to issue money-orders on any of the above- mentioned international exchange post-offices, payable to beneficiaries in the Domin- ion of Canada and in the province of Newfoundland, and to pay money-orders, prop- erly certified by postmasters of such exchange jiost-offices, for sums remitted by post- masters in the Dominion of Canada and in the province of Newfoundland, for payment to beneficiaries in the United States ; but each exchange post-office shall also be an inland post-office, the postmaster at which shall have the right to draw orders on his own or on any other exchange post-office for certification in the usual manner. Hence, a, postmaster in either country cannot draw an international money-order, for an amount deposited with hiin, directly upon a postmaster in the other, but must draw the same upon some one of the designated "exchange post-offices" most convenient to the residence ef the payee or beneficiary for whom the money is intended. An interna- tional money-order must not be drawn for a larger sum than fifty dollars in United States currency, and must not contain a fractional part of a cent. The fees for the issue of international money-orders are as follows, viz : On naoney-orders not exceeding .$10, twenty cents; over $10 and not exceeding $20, forty cents; over $20 and not exceeding $30, sixty cents ; over $30 and not exceeding $40, eighty cents ; over $40 and not exceeding .$50, one dollar. No other money can be received or paid for Canadian money-orders than that which is a legal tender, except national-bank notes- Sec. 1061. Postmasters not toDecide Value of Currency in Canadian Money. — Tlie Canadian dollar is equivalent in value to the gold dollar of the United States, but the issuing postmaster must not undertake to decide definitely upon the actual value, in United States gold coin (or Canadian money), of a certain sum in currency for which an intexnatioual money-order is issued by him. He is at liberty, however, to advise the remitter as to its approximate value, which may be found to differ materi- ally from the real value, as the latter is to be computed, on the day the order is received by the exchange post-office, upon the basis of the premium on gold in New York, as last advised by the postmaster of that city. Hence, this Department cannot under- take, on behalf of a remitter in this country, to pay a determinate sum in gold (or Canadian money) in the Dominion of Canada. As the premium on gold is variable, it is evident that an international money-v)rder issued for a sum in United .States currency may, when received at such "exchange post-office," yield a sum in gold greater or less than that considered at the post-office of issue as the equivalent of such money-order. For the same reason, the value in United States currency of a money-order in gold, when received for certification by any "exchange j)ost-office," would depend ujion the premium on gold in New York on the day of the receipt of the money-order, as shown by the last telegraphic advices from the postmaster thereof to such "exchange post- office." This Department, therefore, can only agree to cause payment to be made to a beneficiary in the Dominion of Canada of the gold value of any international nionej'-order issued for an amount in United States currency, and to pay to a ben- eficiary in this country the currency value of an international monej'-order in gold from the Dominion of Canada. To guard against misapprehension, postmasters will be careful to explain this point fully to remitters and to j)ayees. Sec. 1082. Application for Canadian Money-Order. — A S]iocial form of a})plication, form "No. G4U1, Canadian," must be furnished to each appli<'ant for an international monc^y-order payable in the Dominion of Canada. On this form he must enter all the particulars of the amount, names, address, &c., and must state TITLE VI — THE MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM. 219 the lull iiiiiiKi and exact. rosiilotu'O of lln- i>;iye«i, K'^i"^ tlui (<»\vii or village an«l county. Fruiu tliu items coiitainod in .smli ai)pUcatioii the (iulimd) ihHuin)r iioHtiiiaH- ter will till up a Canadian international money-order, the advi(;e of the .same, the coupon, and tho receipt, all of which, afler haviuj; been jiroperly da^ed, and slaiiiix-d wilii the money-order Htamj) of hi.s ])().st-oHice, he will loiwaid, without separatin;c them, to the international exehan;^*! jio.st-otlice nearest the residence of t lie jiayee, but ho will iu)t undertake to enter upon either of them the name of the post-olHce in the Dominion of Canada at which .such money-order is to be paid. Ih' will also fill up, detach, and deliver to the rtMuitter of .such money-order the certificate. Upon th<- return to him, from the exchan<^e post-olliee, of the receipt " No. \2(l,'' he will place the same on tile in his post-oHice for reference, should the ren»itter apply for information as to the j^old value of the money-order. lie will also enter in his " coinldned regis- ter" of moni'v-orders issued the particulars of such money-order, and the ajiplication must be retained on tile at the issuing pest-ol'tice. Sec. 1063. Payment of Canadian Money-Orders. — When a money-order, drawn by a postmaster in the Dominion of C'anada, and properly numbered, dated, certilied, stamped, signed, and addre.s.sed to Iiim l>y the postmaster a ta duly-author- ized international exchange post-otirtce, is jtresented for payment to the jjostmaster of an inland post-oftice, authorized to transiict Canadian business, he wdll compare such money-oi-der with the corresponding advice, which should previously have been re- ceived by him, and after having satisfied himself, in the manner re(iuired for domestic money-orders (see sections lUi:? to 1044, inclusive), that both the advice and niouey- order are correct, and that the person presenting the money-order is legally entitled to receive the amount due thereon, he will pay the same, and will enter all such paid money-orders upon his combined weekly statement. The postmaster issuing a Cana- dian money-order should bo careful to instruct tlie sender thereof that he "should at once iuftu-m the iJayee, in Canada, of the full name ant^ address of the remitter,"' iiuismuch as payment thereof cannot be obtained unless the payee is able to furnish that information to the paying postmaster. All applications for duplicates of lost or missing advices, or for corrections of advices, must be made to the exchange post- master by whom such advices w^ei"e certilied. Postmasters, however, must refuse to issue a money-order payable to any i^erson, if the surname of that person, and hi.s given name or names, or at least the initial letters thereof, are not furnished by the applicant. Sec. 103i. Daily Reports of Premium on Gold to be Filed. — Tlie postmas- ter at New York, N. Y., will telegraph at 3 p. m. daily, except Sunday, the rate of premium ou gold at that hour in New York to each of the exchange post-otitices designated for the cercihcatioa of international money-orders to and irom Canada ; and postmasters at exchange post-offices are required to keep on file in their po.st-o.*lice.s the telegrams received daily from New York concerning the premiunx on gold. Sec. 1035. Canadian Money-Orders to be Stamped at Exchange-Offices. — The postmaster at each of .said international exchange jxtst-offices will, whenever he receives a money-order with its corresponding ''advice,"' ''.coupon,"' and "receipt,"' stamp, at once, upon each of these papers the current iuternatioual number and the date of its receipt at his post-office. He wall al.so enter therein the vahie of the same in gold (or Canadian currency), if such money-order originated in the United States, or its value in United States currency, if it originated in the Dominion of Canada, as a.scer- tained by calculation, uiion the biisis of the last telegram received by him from the post- master at Now York, aud the name of the post-office in the Dominion of Canada or in the United States, as the case may be, at which he desires the sj^me to ba paid, which shouhl be the post-office nearest the residence of the payee or most access! ble by him. He will then forward tlu mouey-order, inclosed in an envelope, to the payee, aud the advice to the postmaster instructed to pay the money-order, and will seiul back the receipt to the issuing postmaster, but will retain the coupon on tile in his post-office f )r future reference. At the close of each week he will make up, in duplicate, from the coupons on tile iu his 220 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. post-offiee a " weekly list of iuternatioual money-orders " issued in the United States wliich have been certified by him during the week for payment in the Dominion of Canada, and " weekly list of international money-orders" issued in the Dominion of Canada which have been certified by him during the week for payment in the United States, and will forward such duplicate " lists," with his weekly statement, to the Super- intendent of the Money-Order System at Washington, D. C. He will also furnish, upon the application of postmasters drawn upon, duplicates of lost advices, which must be made up from the corresponding coupons on file in his post-office. When the postmaster at an exchange post-office receives an application from a paying postmaster for a cor- rected advice, the former will, if necessary, apply to the issuing postmaster for precise information in the premises, and will communicate the same to the postmaster at the post-office of payment. Sec. 108S. Repayment of Canadian Money-Orders. — When a remitter of an international money-order, payable in the Dominion of Canada or in the United States, makes application to the issuing postmaster for repayment of the amount thereof, the latter should immediately communicate the fact to the postmaster of the exchange post-office on which it was drawn, Avhereupon, if he has not already certified and forwarded the money-order to the payee, and the advice to the paying postmaster, he will return them to the issuing postmaster for repayment. But if the money-order (in case it is payable in the Dominion of Canada) has been so certified, the issuing post- master, upon the receipt of notice to that effect from the exchange post-office, will apply to the Superintendent of the Money-Order System at Washington, D. C, for repayment, who will notify the Canadian Postal Department of such application, and request authority for repayment of the money-order. When that authority is received by him, notice will at once be sent to the issuing postmaster to repay the amount of the m one y-order. Sec. 1067. Invalid Canadian Money-Orders. — All money-orders certified for payment in either country, which for any reason cannot be paid within twelve months after the month of issue become invalid, and will be recertified to the country of issue for repayment or other disposal in accordance with the laws and regulations of that country. Postmasters will therefore take care to forward promptly to this Department the advices of all invalid money-orders of this kind with their weekly statements and a description thereof. Sec. 1088. Inquiries about Canadian Money-Orders. — AH inquiries from inland postmasters in the United States concerning the issue or the payment in Canada of international money-orders should be addressed to the postmaster of the exchange post-office by whom such money-orders were certified. See. 1089. Issue of Duplicate Canadian Money-Orders. — In case the post- master who issues an international money-order does not receive, after a sufficient lapse of time, the corresponding receipt thereof, duly filled up and stamped by the postmaster at the exchange post-office drawn upon, the former should send him a letter of inquiry on the subject, with the request that if the money-order and advice have not been received at the exchange post-office the latter Avould transmit to the issuing post- office, and also to the Superintendent of the Money-Order System at Washington, D. C, a certificate to that effect. Upon the receipt of such a document, the i)ostmaster who issued the originals should at once draw upon and transmit to the same exchange jjost-office a new money-order, advice, coupon, and receipt in lieu theerof for a like amount, after having written across the face of each of them in red ink the words In lieu of Canadian money-order No. — , not ueceived by the postmaster at EXCHANGE POST-OFFICE. The certiiicate of non-receipt should be carefully filed by the issuing postmaster, but it is not necessary for him to furnish remitter with a second receipt. Great caution should be exercised by postmasters at exchange j)ost-offices in certifying such money-ord(^rs, as they will be lield responsil)le for all double ])aynients that imiy occur thrdugli their negligenct>. Sec. 1070. General Rules for International Money-Order Business. — Post- TITLE VI THE MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM, 221 ma»tera will rocoivo as compensation for transacting international mon«*y-onlor Vinsi- noss one fonrth of ono per cent, on the gross amount of international money-onleri* issutMl and paid, and the domestic money-order regnlations in regard to incidental expenses and to the transH^r of funds and blanks from a late to a newly appoinU-d postmaster an^ to be followed in the transaction of all international money-order business. Sec. 1071. When Gold and Paper are at Par. — While tin-; fr<>l«l coin ami the paper currency of the United States are of equal commercial value, so much of tlie^e regulations as is bivsod upon the existence of a ditference in their value is void and of no eftect. CHAPTER FIVE. MONEY-ORDER FUITDS AND ACCOUNTS. Sec. I See. 1072. Transfer of money-order fiin(l.s. | 1087. Money-order funds not suliject to rules of 1073. Transfer by warrant of money-order funds. I po.stal funds. 1074. Wliat are money-order funds. 1075. Postmasters' weekly reports of niont\y-()rder funds. 1076. Embezzlement of money-order funds, pen- alty, explanation. 1077. How to write up tbe cash-Viook. 1078. Transferring jiostage funds to money-order account. 1079. Kntry of transferred funds in cash-book. 1080. The fixed reserve. 1081. Daily remittance of money-order funds. 1082. Receipts for daily remittances. 1083. No credit for remittances until receipt is obtained. 1084. Daily reports of remittances received. 1085. Postmastersmust remit and d«'posit promptly. 1086. Unpaid advices less than two weeks old in weekly statements. 1088. Weekly statements how transmitted. 1089. Money-Older t:a.sh must bo kept separately. 1090. Weekly statements to be numbered con.secu tively. 1091. Make up weekly statements every Saturday. 1092. Statements of "no business." 1093. ^Veekly stateinents at close of quarter yenr. 1094. Vouchers to accom})any weekly statements. 1095. Credits allowed on New York. 1096. Drafts against credit.", how made. 1097. Special drafts for emergencies. 1098. Drafts must always be on forms furnished. 1099. Special insti-uctions about remittances. 1100. Postmasters may deposit in national banks, when. 1101. Importance of promptly transmitting weekly statements. Sec. 1072. Transfer of Money-Order Funds.— All payments aiul transfers to and from money-order ottices shall be imder tbe direction of the Post- master-General. He may transfer money-order funds from one post- master to another, and from the postal revenue to the money-order funds ; and he may transfer money-order funds to creditors of the Department^ to be replaced by equivalent transfers from the postal revenues. {11. S., §4042.) Sec. 1073. Transfer by Warrant to Money-Order Funds. — Tbe Postmaster- General may transfer to the postmaster at any money-order office, by warrant on the Treasury, countersigned by tbe [Sixth] Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post Office Department], and payable out of the ix>stal revenues, such sum as may be required over and above the cuirent revenues at his office to pay the money-orders draAvn upon him. (K. S., § 4043.) Sec. 1074. What are Money-Order Funds.— All money received for the sale of money-orders, including- all fees thereon, all money transferred from the postal revenues to the money-order funds, all money transferred 222 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. or paid from the money-order funds to the service of the Post-Office De- partment, and all money-order funds transferred from one postmaster to another, shall be deemed and taken to be money-order funds and money in the Treasury of the United States. And it shall be the duty of the assistant treasurer of the United States to open, at the request of the Postmaster-G-eneral, an acoount of "money-order funds" deposited by postmasters to the credit of the Postmaster-G-eneral, and of drafts against the amount so deposited, drawn by him and countersigned by the [Sixth] Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department.] (E. S., §4045.) Sec. 1075. Postmasters' Weekly Reports of Money-Order Funds. — The Postmaster General shall require each postmaster at a money-order office to reader to the Post-Office Deparcmeut weekly, semi-weekly, or daily accounts of all money-orders issued and paid ; of all fees received for issuing them; of all transfers and payments made from money-order funds ; and of all money received to be used for the iiayment of money- orders or on account of money-order business. (R. S., § 4044.) Sec. 1076. Emhezzlement of Money-Order Funds, Penalty, Explanation. — Every postmaster, assistant, clerk, or other i^erson employed in or con- nected with the business or operations of any money-order office who converts to his own use, in any way whatever, or loans, or deposits in any bank, except as authorized by this Title, or exchanges for other funds, any portion of the money-order funds, shall be deemed guilty of embezzlement ; and any such person, as well as every other person advis- ing or participating therein, shall, for every such offense, be imprisoned for not less than six months nor more than ten years, and be fined in a sum equal to the amount embezzled ; and any failure to pay over or pro- duce anj' monej'-order funds intrusted to such person shall be taken to be prima-facie evidence of embezzlement ; and upon the trial of any in- dictment against any person for such embezzlement, it shall be prima- facie evidence of a balance against him to i)roduce a transcript from the money-order account-books of the [Sixth] Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department]. But nothing herein containefl shall be construed to prohibit any postmaster depositing, under the direction of the Postmaster-General, in a national bank designated by the Secretary of the Treasury for that purpose, to his own credit as jjostmaster, any money-order or other funds in his charge, nor prevent his negotiating drafts or other evidences of debt through such bank, or through United States disbursing officers, or otherwise, when instructed or required to do so by the Postmaster-General, for the purpose of remitting suri)lus money-order funds from one post-office to another, to be used in payment of money-orders. Disbursing officers of the United States shall issue, under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, duplicates of lost checks drawn by tliem in favor of any postmaster on account of money-order or other i)ublic funds received by them from some other postmaster. (R. S., § 404G.) TITLE VI THE MONKY-ORDEU SYSTEM. 223 Sec. 1077. How to Write up the Cash-Book. — In writ in;; up tlio cash-book, the biiliinn" will liist In- hroujjlit loiwunl. 'I'lifii, on tin- df\At side niunt bw iMitfred tho ainoiiiit loccivod upon a (>.sf,inastosit promptly in obedience to these instructions Sec. 1086. Unpaid Advices Less than Two Weeks Old in Weekly Statements. TITLE VI — TIIH M(J.\I:V-0K1)I:K SVS'IKM. 225 Kvory postiiiastor is it>(|iiirrii, in iiiaiairl advices tliat liav'o been on hand two weeks or more. If tliere is not space enou;fh to include in the weekly statement all the )ini>aid advices on hand less than two weeks, he will enter only the aggregate amount thereof, hut will make a detailed enumeration of these advices ou a separate paper, which must he inclosed with the weekly statement, as a vouclier for funds withheld from deposit. A blank form for this enumeration of af the weekly sTatement should not be retained by the jiost- master. Sec. 1093. Weekly Statements at Close of Quarter. — Postmasters Avill l)e careful to enter into their weekly statements neither more nor less than the trans- actions of one week, and the week must be understood to counnence on Monday and to end on Saturday. Bnt at the ex]»iratifm of each (jnarter of the year, Aiz, 31st :March, 30th June, 30th September, and 31st December, should either of these days not fall on Saturday or Sunday, a statement must be made up and forwarded of the 1.3 r L ' 226 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. business transacted from the last Saturday but one in the montb, up to the close of the last day of that month and quarter. The next succeeding statement must embrace all the business transacted since the first day of the first month of the next quarter up to the close of the second Saturday of said mouth. For example, the 30th of September, 1879, falls on Tuesday ; hence no statement is to be made on Saturday, the 27th of that month, but a statement must be made on Tuesday, the last day of the month, to in- clude all the biisiness transacted since Saturday, the 20th of the month. In like man- ner, no statement should be made on Saturday, October 4, 1879, but the statement of the next Saturday, October 11, must embrace all the business transacted since the first day of that month. The object of this regulation is to facilitate the quarterly set- tlement of the accounts of i)o-5tmasters, and also to disj)ense with statements for frac- tional iiarts of a week. TITLE VI TIIH MONHY-OKDKU SYSTKM. •_'•_'< is! JO a^uQ J^5 <<•; 33 -SQ 8 11 •.Mjsuur -jsod aq; . lO in t- t- '~ ! 6 o z _■ :!2i 'A y-< ;2; • 3 £ . i •~ _ %.\^ ^ fc -r X ' i- M -^ ^ r-<^ TT u 2 o i C" o 5 i _=- 2 r ? F ■- ' •= .' Vi»~ S^" xi~ k" S :? (S » S •J t~- OC C5 = -'>a '"I J ■.i.i;si!ra X(l asii .io,j . o . - o : o 6 :| SE-i H r- r^ " H "h H H H H ~H I H - f- i cT o" '^. II 228 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 1094. Vouchers to Accompany Weekly Statements. — The paid, repaid, and "not issned" money-orders, and the voncliers for mcideutal expenses must in- variably accompany the statements, which will not be considered complete without them. Postmasters at first-class post-offices are required to send with each weekly statement a transcript of theii- cash account for the week (Form No. 6018), giving therein the business of each day in detail. Postmasters who remit their suridus money-order funds to the postmaster at San Francisco, Cal., are required to send him a similar transcript, using Form No. 6020, and those who deposit at Portland, Oreg., must for- ward such transcripts weekly to the postmaster of that city. Sec. 1095. Credits Allowed on New York. — AVhenever it is found neces- sary, in order to prevent delay or enil>arrassment in the payment of money-orders, the postmasters at certain post-offices will be allowed a credit for a specific amount with the postmaster at New York, or at some other first-class post-office designated for the pur- pose, which credit will be used in the following manner : When at anj^ post-office having such credit the funds arising from the money-order business are insufficient to pay the money-orders presented, the postmaster will thereupon be permitted to draw a draft, payable to his own order, against the amount placed to his credit, for such a sum, and no more as may be necessary to meet the requirements of the case. It is therefore apparent that this credit anust be drawn by installments ; for example, $100, $200, etc., as may be required, and not in one gross sum. The amounts so drawn from time to time must be entered by the postmaster to his debit in the cash-book upon the day they are drawn, and also in the weekly statement. Should the amount of money-orders paid at any one of these post-offices continue to exceed consideraldy the amount of money-orders issued, this credit will, of course, become exhausted. In that event the postmaster having a credit should make timely aiiplicatiou to the Superin- tendent of the Money-Order System for a renewal thereof (Form No. 6035). Sec. 1096. Drafts against Credits, how Made. — Special drafts will be supplied to postmasters having these credits, who, in the margin provided for their own use, will state the amount of the credit, and enter and deduct from it the amount drawn by the corresi)onding draft, by which means tliey will be constantly reminded of the condition of the fund. Each of these drafts bears a coupon, which the postmaster drawing the draft will fill up, date, and sign, and which the postmaster at the post-office drawn upon will transmit to the Superintendent of the Money- Order System Avhencver the draft is xiaid. It rarely happens that any difficulty is experienced by a postmaster in negotiating a draft of this descripti*)n. For this purpose a form of indorsement is printed upon the back. Should he be unable to obtain the amount of such draft in his vicinity, he will promptly notify the Depart- ment. In the negotiation of these drafts, the postmaster is not at liberty to receive any money that is not a legal tender, except national-bank notes, inasmuch as lie is prohibited from paying out any other money for money-orders presented. If a in-emium be recei\'ed foi' a draft, the postmaster must cliarge himself therewith. Sec. 1097. Special Drafts for Emergencies. — In case of S])ecial exigency, where assistance is needed at a post-office tht; business of which does not re(|uire a stand- ing credit, a draft for a designated sum sufficient to meet the unpaid advices will be sent u])on application to the Su|teriiiten(lent of the Money-Order System. Sec. 1098. Drafts must always be on Forms Furnished. — Postmasters are prohibited from drawing drafts in manuscript or upon any other forms than those sTip- .plied by the Department, and they must invariably sign the drafts themselves, except in the cases mentioned in sciction 9G2. Sec. 1099. Special Instructions about Remittances. — The postmaster at every money-order post-otlice will make the deposits leciuired by these instructions(see section 1081) by transmitting the amount to be deposited in a registered package ad- dressed to the postmaster of tlio post-oliice named as his depository. Inclosed in this package he will also send a letter (Form 6U21), giving in detail ;ni accni ate description TITLE VI — mi: M()m:v-(irj)i:i; systkm. 2"J0 of tho iiKMicy tlitTiiii icmiiti'd. Ft)!' tlio sako er kilogramme of letters or post-cards, and 25 centimes per kilogramme of other articles ; 2d. For sea conveyance, 15 francs per kilogramme of letters or post- cards, and 1 franc per kilogramme of other articles; TITLE VII FOIJHKiN CORRESPOND KNX'E. 233 It is, liowevor, uiukMstood — 1st. That wheicvcr th«' transit is alioady jL;rat nitons at pirscnt, oi subject to more advantaj^eons condilions, snt-ii <'on, following; 2d. That wherever the rate of sea-transit lias hitherto been fixed at <» francs 50 centimes per kiloynimme of letters or post-cards, snch rate is reduced to 5 fraucs ; 3d. That every sea-conveyance not exceeding oOO nautical miles is gratuitous if the administration concerned is already entitled, on account of nuiils or corrcs]»ondenco benefiting by this conveyance, to the rtMiiu- neration applicable to the territorial transit ; in the contrary case pay- ment is made at the rate of 2 francs i)er kilogramme of letters or post- cards, and 25 centimes per kilogramme of other articles ; 4th. That in the case of sea-conveyance effected by two or more admin istrations, the expenses of the entire transportation cannot exceed 15 francs i)er kilogramme of letters or i)ost-cards, and 1 franc per kilo- gramme of other articles. These expenses are in such case shared between the administrations ^ro rata for the distances traversed, without prejudice to other arrangements between the parties interested ; 5th. That the rates specified in the present article do not apply either to conveyance by means of services depending upon administrations foreign to the Union, or to conveyance within the Union l)y means of extraordinary services specially established or maintained by one admin- istration in the interest or at the request of one or several other admin- istrations. The conditions of these two categories of conveyance are regulated by mutual agreement between the administrations interested. The expenses of transit are borne by the administration of the country of origin. The general settlement of these expenses takes place on the basis of statements prepared every two years, during a month to be determined on in the Regulation of Execution referred to in Article l-Jt hereafter. The correspondence of the postal administrations with each other, articles reforwarded or misseut, undeliverable articles, acknowledgments of delivery, post-ofdce money-orders or advices of the issue of orders, and all documents relative to the postal service, are exempt from all transit charges, whether territorial or maritime. Akticle 5. The rates of postage for the conveyance of postal articles throughout the entire extent of the Union, including their delivery at the residence of the addressees in the countries of the Union where a delivery service is or shall be organized, are fixed as follows : 1st. For letters, 25 centimes in case of prepayment, and double that amount in the contrary case, for each letter and for every weight of 15 grammes or fraction of 15 grammes; 2d. For post-cards, 10 centimes per card ; 234 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 3d. For printed matter of every kind, commercial papers, and samples of merchandise, 5 centimes for each article or packet bearing a particn- lar address; and for every weight of 50 grammes or fraction of 50 grammes, provided that such article or package does not contain any letter or manuscript note having the character of an actual and personal correspondence, and that it be made up in such a manner as to admit of its being easily examined. The charge on commercial papers cannot be less than 25 centimes per packet, and the charge on sami)les cannot be less than 10 centimes pBr packet. In addition to the rates and minima fixed bj' the preceding paragraphs, there may be levied : 1st. For every article subjected to the sea transit rates of 15 francs per kilogramme of letters or post-cards and 1 franc per kilogramme of other articles, an additional charge, which may not exceed 25 cen- times per single rate for letters, 5 centimes i^er i)ost-card, and 5 centimes per 50 grammes or fraction of 50 grammes for other articles. As a tem- j)orary arrangement, there may be levied an additional charge up to 10 centimes per single rate for the letters subjected to the transit rate of 5 francs per kilogramme. 2d. For every article conveyed by services maintained by administra- tions foreign to the Union, or conveyed by extraordinary services in the Union giving rise to special expenses, an additional charge in propor- tion to these expenses. In case of insufficient prepayment, articles of correspondence of all kinds are liable to a charge equal to double the amount of the deficiency, to be paid by the addressees. Circulation shall not be given — 1st. To articles other than letters which are not prepaid at least partly, or which do not fulfill the conditions required above in order to enjoy the reduced rate ; 2d. To articles of a nature likely to soil or injure the correspondence; 3d. To packets of samples of merchandise which have a salable value, or which exceed 250 grammes in weight, or measure more than 20 centi- meters in length, 10 in breadth, and 5 in depth. 4th. Lastly, to packets of commercial pai)ers and printed matter of all kinds, the weight of which exceeds 2 kilogrammes. Article G. The articles specified in Article 5 maylje registered. Every registered article is liable, at the charge of the sender — 1st. To the ordinary prepaid rate of i)ostage upon the article, accord- ing to its nature ; 2d. To a fixed registration fee of 25 centimes at the maximum in the European states, and of 50 centimes at the maximum in the other coun- tries, including the issue to the sender of a bulletin of i>osting. TITLE VII — FOREIGN COKKESPONDENCE. 235 The seiidci' of a rc^iistcicd article may ol»taiii an ackiiowh dfj^inent of drlivt'iy ofsiu'li article l»y jtayin;: in aihaiicc a fixed fee of !'."» eeiitiiiies at tlie iiiaxiiiiiini. In case of the loss of a registered article, and exce[)t in ease oi force majruir, ther<' is to l)e i)aid an indemnity of 50 francs to the sender, or, at his re<]uest, to the addressee, by the administiation npon wiiose ter- ritory or ill whose maritime service the loss has occurred ; that is to say, where the trace of the article lias ceased. Asa temporary measure, the administrations of the countries beyond Europe, whose legislation is at present opposed to the principle of responsibility, are permitted to ])ostpone the ai)plication of the preced- ing clause until the time wlien they sliall have obtained from the legis- lative power authority to subscribe to it. Up to that time, the other administrations of the Union are not bouud to pay an indemnity for the loss, in their respective services, of registered articles addressed to or originating in the said countries. If it is impossible to discover the service in which the loss has occur- red, the indemnity is borne in equal proportions between the two corre- sjionding offices. Payment of this indemnity is made witli the least possible delay, and, at the latest, within a year dating from the day of application. Every claim for an indemnity is excluded if it has not l)een made within one year from the date on which the registered article was posted. Article 7. Those countries of the Union which have not the franc for their monetary unit hx their i)0stages at the equivalent in their respective currencies of the rates determined by Articles 5 and (i preceding. Such countries have the option of rounding off the fractions in conformity with the table inserted in the regulation of execution mentioned in Article 14 of the present Convention. Article 8. Prepayment of postage on every description of article can be effected only by means of postage-stamps valid in the country of origin for the correspondence of private individuals. Official correspondence relative to the postal service, and exchanged between the postal a. Each administratfon keei»s the whole of the sums which it has col- lected in execution of the foregoing Articles ."i, (I, 7, and 8. Consequently, there is no necessity on this head lor any accounts between the several administrations of the Union. iS^either the senders nor the addressee.s of letters and other postal 236 POSTAL LAAVS AND REGULATIONS. articles are called upon to pay, either iu the couutry of origin or in that of destination, any i^ostage or any postal fee other than those contem- plated by the articles above mentioned. Article 10. ^o additional charge is levied for the reforwarding of postal matter within the interior of the Union. Article 11. It is forbidden to the public to send by mail : 1st. Letters or packets containing gold or silver substances, pieces of money, jewelry, or precious articles ; 2d. Any packets whatever containing articles liable to customs duty. In case a packet falling under one of these prohibitions is delivered by one administration of the Union to another administration of the Union, the latter proceeds according to the manner and forms prescribed by it s legislation or by its interior regulations. There is, moreover, reserved to the government of every country of the Union the right to refuse to convey over its territory, or to deliver, as well articles liable to the reduced rate, in regard to which the laws, ordinances, or decrees which regulate the conditions of their publication or of their <'irculation in that couutry have not been complied with, as correspondence of every kind which evidently bears inscriptions forbidden by the legal enactments or regulations in force in the same country. Article 12. The offices of the Union which have relations with countries beyond the Union admit all the other offices to take advantage of such relations for the exchange of correspondence with the said countries. The correspondence exchanged in open mails between a country of the Union and a country foreign to the Union, through the intermediary of another country of the Union, is treated, as regards the conveyance beyond the limits of the Union, in conformity to the conventions, ar- rangements, or special provisions goveining the postal relations between the latter country and the country foreign to the Union. The rates chargeable on the correspondence in question consist of two distinct elements, viz : 1st. The Union rate tixed by Articles 5, 0, and 7 of the present Con- vention. 2d. A rate for the conveyance beyond the limits of the Union. The first of tliese rates is assigned — a. For correspondence originating in the Union and addressed to foreign countries, to the dispatching office in case of prepayment, and to the office of exchange in case of non-prepayment. h. For correspondence originating in fort'ign countries and addressed TITLE VII rolM-IGX (ORRESPOXDEN'CE. '2'M to tlH' Union, to tlio ollicc of cxclian^ic in cast' of ])rci)iivnHnt. and to the ofllci* of destination in case of non-inrpaynient. Tlic second of these rates is. in every ease, assi^iiicd to the ollicc of exchan-^e. With refiard to the expenses of transit \vitliin th<' I'nion, tlie cor- respondence originating in or atldressed to a foreign conntiy is assiini- hxted to that from or for the country of the Union whii'h maintains rehitions witli the country foieign to the Union, unless such relations imply obligatory and partial i)repayment, in which case the said I'liion country has the right to the territorial transit rates fixed by Article 4 preceding. The general settlement of the rates chargeable for the conveyance beyond Union limits takes place upon the basis of statements which are prepared at the same time as the statements drawn up by virtue of Article 4 preceding- for the calculation of the expenses of transit within the Union. As regards the correspondence exchanged in closed tnails Ijetweeu a country of the Union and a country foreign to the Union, through the intermediary of another country of the Union, the transit thereof is subject as follows: Within the limits of the Union, to the rates fixed by Article 4 of the present Convention. Beyond the limits of the Union, to the conditions arising; from si)ecial arrangements concluded or to be concluded for that purpose between the administrations interested. Article 13. The exchange of letters of declared value and that of postal money- orders form the subject of special arrangements between the various countries or grouiis of countries of the Union. Article 14. The postal administrations of the various countries composing the Union are competent to establish by nnitual agreement, in a regulation of execution, all the measures of order and detail which are judged necessary. The several administrations may, moreover, make among thcmselvcv* the necessary arrangements on the subject of (luestions which do not concern the Union generally, provided that thcsi' arrangements are not contrary to the present Convention. The administrations interested are, however, permitted to come to mutual arrangements for the adoption of lower rates of postage, within a radius of 30 kilometers, for the conditions of the delivery of letters by express, as well as tV)r the exchange of post-cards with paid answer. In this latter case, the answer-cariir«*aii, and, if ne<'«'s- sary, the rates to bo k'vieil by that administration in confuniiity with Article 7 preceding. Article 10. Conjiresscs (»f i>lonii)otcntiarios of tlic contractin.u' countries, or simpb; ailmiuistrati\c conferences, according to tiie importance of the ques- tions to be solved, are held when a ^ ( N. P. Delyanni. ^«'^^^^^<^ {a.Mansolas. For Italy G. B. Tantesio. „ T ( XAONonou Sameshima. ^o^M^^^ i Saml. M. Bryan. For Luxembourg V. de R(EBE. For Mexico G. Barreda. For Montenegro Dewez. For Xorway Chr. Hefty. For The Netherlands and the Aether- ^ f^|^™^|^ ^andas- laud Colonies ^ Wyborgh. For Peru Juan M. de Goyeneche. For Portugal and the Portuguese Colo- i Guelhermeno Augusto de nies ( Barros. For Eoumania C. F. Eobesco. ^ -p . ( Baron Yelho. j^or lYUSsia j Georges Poggenpohl. For Salvador J. M. Torres-Caicedo. For Servia Mladen F. Radoycovitch. For Sweden Wm. Roos. For Switzerland | Ed.' HoSn." For Turkey B. Couyoumgian. Having examined and considered the j)rovisions of the foregoing final protocol, signed at Paris on the 1st of June, A. D. 1878, relative to the Convention of Paris, signed the same day, the same is by me, in virtue of the x^owers vested in the Postmaster-General by law, hereby ratified and approved, by and with the advice and consent of the President of the United States. In witness whereof I have caused the seal of the Post-Office Depart- ment of the United States to be hereto affixed, with my signature, this 13th day of August, 1878. [SEAL.] D. M. KEY, Postmaster-General. I hereby approve the above-mentioned protocol, and in testimony thereof I have caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. [SEAL.] R. B. HAYES. By the President : F. W. Seward, Acting Secretary of State. Washington, August 13, 1878. 244 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. 1103. Regulations of Detail and Order under the Paris Convention. — Eegulatious of detail and order for the execution of the Convention concluded between Germany, the Argentine Republic, Austria-Hun- gary, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark and the Danish Colonies, Egypt, Spain and the Spanish Colonies, the United States of North America, France and the French Colonies, Great Britain and certain British Colonies, British India, Canada, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxemburg, Mexico, Mon- tenegro, Norway, The Netherlands and the Netherland Colonies, Peru, Persia, Portugal and the Portuguese Colonies, Roumania, Russia, Servia, Salvador, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey. . . The undersigned, in view of Article 14 of the Convention concluded at Paris June 1st, 1878, for the revision of the fundamental compact of the General Postal Union, have, in^the name of their respective administra- tions, established, by mutual agreement, the following measures to in- sure the execution of the said Convention : I. Direction of the Correspondence. 1. Each administration is bound to forward, by the most rapid routes at its disposal for its own mails, the closed mails and the correspondence in open mails which are delivered to it by another administration. 2. The administrations which avail themselves of the right to levy sup])lementary charges, as representing the extraordinary expenses at- tending certain routes, are at liberty not to forward by those routes when other means of communication exist, such of the insufficiently-paid cor- respondence for which the employment of the said routes has not been expressly requested by the senders. 11. Exchange in Closed Mails. 1. The exchange of the correspondence in closed mails between the administrations of the Union is regulated by mutual agreement, and according to the needs of the service, between the administrations con- cerned. 2. If an exchange is to be made through tlie intermediary of one or several third countries, the administrations of those countries must be informed thereof in due time. o. It is, moreover, obligatory in this latter case to make up closed mails, whenever the amount of the correspondence is of a nature to im- pede the operations of an intermediary administration, according to the statement of that administration. 4. In case of alteration in a service of exchange in closed mails estab- lished between two administrations through the intermediary of one or more third countries, the administration which has called for the altera- tion gives notice thereof to the administrations of the countries through whose intermediary the exchange is made. TITLE VII FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 245 in. Extraordinary Services. The extraordinary services of the Union grivin^- rise to spcciiil expenses, the fixing of wiiich is reserved by Article 4 of tlie Con v-ention for arrange- ments between the administrations interested, are exehisively — 1st. Tiiose wliich are maintained for the aceelerate soldi 1 sen. lOs.ddi .... 3 .soldi. Portuiial and Portnsiiese colonies. Kussia Servia Sweden Turkey Mexico Peru Salvador 20 (ire 12i cents shaliLs .")0 reis 7 kopecks. .. .tO pai-as 20 lire 50 paras 6 eentavos . . o eentavos . . 5 eentavos de peso. 10 iire 5 cents . . . . 2 sliahis 20 reis 3 kopecka . . 20 paras . . . 10 ill e 20 pai-as . . . H eentavos . 2 eentavos . 2 centavoi de peso. 2J cents. 1 shall i, 10 reis. 2 kojiecks. 10 paras. 5 lire. 10 paras. 2 eentavos. 1 centavo. lean ta vo de peso. 2. In case of change in the monetary system in one of the above-named countries, the administration of that country mu.st have an understand- ing with the Swiss Postal Administration in order to modifv the above equivalents : it devolves upon the latter administration to give notice of this modification to all the other offices of the Union through the inter- mediary of the International Bureau. 3. Any administration has the right to have recourse, if it deems it necessary, to the understanding i)rovided for in the preceding paragraph , in case of an imjiortant modification in the value of its money. 246 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 4. The monetary fractious resulting either from the complement of the charge applicable to iusufficieut prepaid correspondence, or from the combination of the Union postages with the foreign postages, or with the surcharges contemplated by article 5 of the Convention, may be rounded oif by the administrations which collect them. But the sum to be added on this account cannot, in any case, exceed the value of one- twentieth of a franc (five centimes). V. Correspondence with Countries foreign to the Union. 1. The offices of the Union which have relations with countries foreign to the Union, furnish to the other offices of the Union a table conforma- ble to model C annexed to the present Regulations, and indicating, with the conditions of dispatch, the rates due for the conveyance outside of the Union of the correspondence for or from the aforesaid countries. In the case provided for by the tenth paragrajih of Article 12 of the Conven- tion, there may be added five centimes per single rate of letters and two centimes per single rate of other articles. 2. In application of Article 12 of the Convention, there is levied, in addition to the foreign rates indicated in table C : 1st. By the office of the Union forwarding prepaid correspondence for countries outside the Union, the rates of prepayment respectively applicable to correspondence of the same nature for the country of egress from the Union ; 2d. By the office of the Union to which is addressed unpaid or par- tially paid correspondence of foreign origin, as follows : a. For letters, the rate applicable to the unpaid letters coming from the country of the Union which serves as the intermediary ; h. For other articles, a charge equal to the prepaid rate on similar articles which are addressed from the Union country of destination to the Union country serving as the intermediary. VI. Application of Stamps. 1. Correspondence originating in countries of the Union is impressed with a stamp indicating the place of origin and the date of posting. 2. Correspondence originating in countries foreign to the Union is impressed, by the office of the Union which has received it, with a stamp indicating the point and date of entrance into the service of that office. 3. Unpaid or insufficiently prepaid correspondence is, in addition, impressed with the stamp T (tax to be paid), the application of which devolves upon the office of the country of origin in cases of correspond- ence originating in the Union, and upon the office of the country of entry in cases of correspondence originating in countries foreign to the Union. TITLE VII FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 247 4. Registered articles must bear the special mark (label or stamn) adopti'd for articles of a lik<^ nature by the country of ori^'in. 5. The stamps vr marks, tlie employment of wlii<;h is pn*scribed by the i)resent article, are pla(;ed on the address side of the iiacket. 6. Every article of correspondence not bearing the stamp T is con- sidered as prepaid and treated accordingly, unless there be an obviijus error. YII. Indication oftheXumher of Rates and the Amount of the Foreign Charges. 1. Wlien a letter or other article of correspondence is liable, by reason of its weight, to more than a single rate, the office of origin or of entry into the Union, as the case may be, indicates, at the upper left corner of the address, in ordinary figures, the number of rates paid or to be paid. 2. This regulation is not obligatory for the fidly prepaid correspond- ence. 3. The foreign charges due by virtue of Article 12 of the Convention and of Article Y of the present Regulations, for the conveyance outside of the Union of correspondence for or from countries foreign to the Union, are indicated at the lower left corner of the address of eacli arti- cle, as follows : 1st. By the office of tlie country of origin, in red figiu-es, in case of regularly prepaid correspondence originating in the Union ; 2d. By the office of the country' of entry into the Union, in blue fig- ures, in case of correspondence of foreign origin to be charged by the Union office of destination. Till. Insufficient Prepayment. 1. When an article is insufficiently prepaid by means of postage- stamps, the dispatching office indicates, in black figures placed at the side of the postage-stamps, the amount of the insufficiency, expressing it in francs and centimes. 2. According to this indication, the exchange office of the country of destination charges the article with double the insufficiency ascertained. 3. In case use be mas, catalogues, iu()sp«'ctuses, annouuceinents and notices of various kinds, whether printed, engi-avtxl, lithogra|)hed, or autographed, and, in general, all impressions or copies obtained ui)ou paper, parchment, or card-board, by means of i)rinting, lithographing, or any other mechanical process easy to recognize, except the copying-press. 2. The following are excluded from the reduced postage, viz : Stamps or forms of prepayment, whether obliterated or not, as well as all printed articles constituting the rei)resentative sign of a monetary value. 3. The character of actual and persotml corTesjyondence cannot be ascribed to the following, viz : 1st. To the signature of the sender or to the designation of Lis name, of his profession, of his rank, of the place of origin, and of the date of dispatch. 2d. To a dedication or mark of respect offered by the author. 3d. To the figures or signs mei-ely intended to mark the passages of a text, in order to call attention to them. 4th. To the prices added upon the quotations or prices current of ex- change or markets. 5th. Lastly, to annotations or corrections made uiM>n proofs of print- ing or musical compositions, and relating to the text or to the execution of the work. 4. Printed matter must be either placed under band, upon a roller, between boaixis, in a case open at one side or at both ends, or in an unclosed envelope, or simply folded in such a manner as not to conceal the natui^e of the jiacket, or, lastly, tied by a stiing easy to un- fasten. 5. Address cards, and all printed matter presenting the form and con- sistency of an unfolded card, may be forwarded without band, envelope, fastening, or fold. XYIII. Samples. 1. Samples of merchandise are admitted to the advantage of the re- duction of postage which is granted to them by Article 5 of the Conven- tion only under the following conditions : 2. They nuist be placed in bags, boxes, or removable envelopes, in such a manner as to admit of easy inspection. 3. The}' must not have any salable value, nor bear any manuscript other than the name or profession of the sender, the address of the ad- dressee, a manufacturer's or trade-mark, numbers, and prices. 252 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. XIX. Articles grouped together. It is permitted to inclose in the same packet samples of merchandise, printed matter and commercial papers, but subject to the following' con- ditions : 1st. That each article taken singly shall not exceed the limits which are applicable to it as regards weight and size. 2d. That the total weight must not exceed two kilogrammes per package. 3d. That the minimum charge shall be 25 centimes when the packet contains commercial papers, and 10 centimes when it consists of printed matter and samples. XX. Refoncarded Correspondence. 1. In execution of Article 10 of the Convention, and subject to the ex- ceptions specified in paragraph 2 of the present article, correspondence of every kind circulating in the Union, addressed to i^ersous who have changed their residence, is treated by the delivering office as if it had been addressed directly from the place of origin to the place of new destination. 2. With regard to articles of the interior service of one of the coun- tries of the Union, which enter, in consequence of reforwarding, into the service of another country of the Union, the following rules are observed : 1st. Articles unpaid or insufficiently paid for tlieir first transmission, are treated as international correspondence, and subjected by the de- livering office to the charge ai^plicable to articles of the same nature addressed directly from the country of origin to the country in which the addressee may be. 2d. Articles regularly paid for their first transmission, and upon which the remainder of the charge relating to the further transmission has not been paid previous to reforwarding, are subjected, according to their nature, by the delivering office, to a charge equal to the difference between the prepaid rate already paid and that which would have been levied if the articles had been originally dispatched to their new desti- nation. The amount of this difference must be expressed in francs and centimes at the side of the postage stamps by the reforwarding office. In both cases, the charges contemplated above remain to be defrayed by the addressees, even if, owing to snccessive reforwardiugs, the arti- cles should return to the country of origin. 3. Articles of every kind missent are, without delay, reforwarded by the most rapid route to their destinatioD. TITLE VII — FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 253 XXL Undelivered Correnpondencc. 1. The correspondence of every kind which is not dclivorpd, from what- ever cause, must he returned immediately after the expiration of tlie period for keei)in^ it reiiuired by the hiws of tlie country of (U-stination through the intermediary of the respective ottices of exchange, and in a special bundle hibelearately, at prime cost. 5. The International IJureau must, besides, hold itself always at the disposal of the members of the Union, for the i)urpose of furnishing them with any special infonnati(m they may require upon quest rmis relating to the International Postal Service. C. The International Bureau makes known demanosals. must ob- tain as follows : 1st. Unanimity of votes, if they relate to the modification of the stipu- lations of the Articles III, IV, V, XI, XXYI, XXXIII, and XXXIY. 2d. Two-thirds of the votes, if they relate to the modification of the stipulations of the Articles I, II, VIII, X, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVII, XXXI, and XXXII. 3d. Simj)ly au absolute majority, if they relate to the modification of stipulations other than tliose above mentioned, or to the interpretation of the various stipulations of the Regulations. The resolutions adopted in due form are sanctioned by a simple noti- fication from the International Bureau to all the administrations of the Union. TITLE VII FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 261 XXXIV. Duration of the Regulation.^. The present 7lo;x'iliin()ns shall be ]mt into ex•«-- !^-.S'='" For Brazil Vicomte d'Itajuba. For Denmark and the Danisli Colonies . . . Schou. For Egypt A. Caillard. For Spaiu and the Spanish Colonies. . . { ^^'$:'^J^;^^,, ( L6oN Say. For France } Ad. Cochery. ( A. Besnier. For the French. Colonies E. Roy. For Great Britain and the British Colo- { Sv, P' T^?^i^^^x. . ^ ^ X. Jas. Page. ^^^ (A. Maclean. For British India Fred. R. Hogg. ( F. O. Adams. For Canada } Wm. Jas. Page. ( A. Maclean. For Greece i ^- ^- ^elyanni. ieudencie.s, (Gor6e, St. Louis, Bakel, Dagana,) Mayotte and Nossi-bd, Gaboon, Re- union, (Bourbon,) Ste. Marie de Madagascar. 3. In America : French Guiana, Gaada- loupe and dependencies, (Desirado or Deseada, Les Saintes, Marie Galaute, and the north portion of St. Martin,) MartiniquCj St. PieiTe, aud Miquelotu TITLE VII FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 263 Frkxcii Coloxiks— Continued. 4. In OcKtuH-n : New Cih-douia, Tahiti, Mai»iiit'sas Isliiiid.s, Lslo of rities, Loyalty Islands, tbo Aichipclagoes of Giimliicr, TouboiiaT, aud Tua- motou, (Low Islands.) Gkrmany, iucludingtlie Island of Heligo- land. Great Britain axd Iuki.axd, inelulicable in the United States to correspondence exchanged with the Universal Postal Union (Canada excepted) are as follows : For prepaid letters, 5 cents per fifteen grams (| ounce). For unpaid letters received, 10 cents per fifteen grams (i ounce). For insufficiently paid letters or other articles received, a charge equal to double the amount of the deficiency. For j)ostal cards, 2 cents each. For newspapers, if not over four ounces in weight, 2 cents each ; if over four ounces in weight, 2 cents for each additional four ounces or fraction thereof. For printed matter of all kinds, commercial papers, and samples of merchandise, 1 cent for each article or pacliet bearing a particular address, and for every weight of two ounces or fraction thereof; with a minimum charge of 5 cents per packet of com- mercial papers, and a minimum charge of 2 cents per packet of samples of merchandise ; that is to say, for commercial papers not exceeding ten (10) ounces in weight, the postage is five (5) cents, and if above ten ounces in weight, one cent for each two ounces or fraction thereof ; for samples not exceeding four ounces in weight, two cents; if above four ounces in weight, one cent for each two ounces or fraction thereof. For the registration fee on all correspondence, 10 cents. No fee will be charged for return receipts of registered articles in cases where such receipts are requested. The prepayment of the Union postage on ordinary letters is optional, but the postage on all other articles (except postal cards, which are necessarily prepaid, and registered letters and other articles i-egistered) must be at least partially prepaid. Sec. 1109. Mode of Prepayment. — Paymeut of postage on every descrip- tion of correspondence can be efl:ected only by means of postage-stamps valid in the country of origin for the correspondence of private individuals. Sec. 1110. Franking of Official Correspondence. — Ofiicial correspondence relative to the jiostal service, exchanged directly between the resiiective Postal Administrations of the Union, is alone admitted free of postage. Sec. 1111. Postmarking. — All classes of correspondence are reqnired to be impressed by the mailing office with a stamp indicating the place of origin and date of posting. Sec. 1112. Registration. — Any article of mail -matter may be registered, subject to prepayment of the postage upon the article, according to its nature, in ad- dition to the registration fee of 10 cents. For detailed instructions as to registration of foreign matter, see Title V, Chapter Two. Sec. 1113. Conditions of Form and Weight. — 1. Postal cards must be forwarded without cover. One of the sides must be reserved for the address alone, and the communication written on the other side. It is forbidden to join or to attach to postal cards any article whatever. 2. Printed matter must be either placed under band, upon a roller, between boards, in a case open at one side or at both ends, or in an xanclosed envelope ; or simply folded in such a manner as not to conceal the nature of the packet ; or, lastly, tied by a string easy to unfasten. 3. Address cards and all in-intod matter presenting the form and consistency of an nufolded cax'd may bo forwarded without band, envelope, fa.stening, or fold. 4. The maxinnua weight of printed matter is fixed at 2 kilograms (4 lbs. 6 ozs.). 5. Commercial papers nuist be forwarded under band or in an open envelope. 6. The maximum weight of connuercial papers is fixed at 2 kilograms (4 lbs. 6 ozs.). 7. Samples of merchandise must conform to the following conditions: 1st. They must be placed in bags, boxes, or removable envelopes in suoh a manner as to admit of easy inspection. TITLE YII FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 265 2(1. They must not have any salahio valno, nor hear any inaniiHcript other than tho name or profession of the Hender, the aihlress of the addrcHsee, a manufacturer's or tra(h'-mark, numhers and i)riee.s. 3d. They must not exceed 'i-W "grains in wei;?ht (8} oTinces), or the foHowiii;; dimen- sions: 20 eentimeters (8 inches) in length, 10 centimeters (4 inches) in hreadtli, and 5 centimeti-rs (2 inches) in (h'pth. 8. Packets of printed matter, commercial i)apers, and samph-s must nr)t contain any letter or manuscript note liaving the character of an actual and personal corre- spondence, and must be made up in such manner as to admit of being easily exam- ined. Tho character of actual and personal correspondence cannot be ascribed to the fol- lowing, viz : 1st. To the signature of the sender or to the designation of his name, of his profes- sion, of his rank, of the place of origin, and of tho date of dispatch. 2d. To a dedication or mark of respect offered by the author. 3d. To the figures or signs merely intended to mark the passages of a text, in order to call attention to them. 4th. To the prices added upon the quotations or prices current of exchange or mar- kets. 5th and lastly. To annotations or corrections made upon proofs of printing or musi- cal compositions, and relating to the text or to the execution of tlio work. It is permitted to inclose in the same packet samples of merchandise, pi'iuted mat- ter, and commercial papers, but sul)ject to the following conditions : 1st. That each article taken singly shall not exceed the limits which are applicable to it as regards weight and size. 2d. That the total w eight must not exceed 2 kilograms (4 lbs. 6 ozs.) per package. 3d. That the minimum charge shall be 5 cents when the packet contains commercial papers, and 2 cents when it consists of printed matter and samples. Sec. 1114. Printed Matter Defined. — The following are considered as printed matter, viz: Newspapers and periodical works, books stitched or bound, pam- phlets, sheets of music, visiting cards, address cards, proofs of printing, Avith or with- out the manuscripts relating thereto, engravings, photographs, drawings, plans, geo- graphical maps, catalogues, prospectuses, announcements and notices of various kinds, whether printed, engraved, lithographed, or autographed, and, in general, all impres- sions or copies obtained upon paper, parchment, or card-board by means of printing, lithographing, or any other mechanical process easy to recognize, except the copying- press. Sec. 1115. Commercial Papers Defined. — The following are considered as commercial papers, viz: All instruments or documents written or drawn wholly or partly by hand which have not the character of an actual and personal correspondence, such as papers of legal procedure, deeds of all kinds drawn up by public functionaries, way-bills or bills of lading, invoices, tho various documents of insurance companies, copies or extracts of deeds under private seal, written on stamped or unstamped i)aper, scores or sheets of manuscript music, manuscripts of works forwarded separately, etc. Sec. 1116. Articles Excluded from Reduced Postage. — The following are excluded from the reduced postage, viz: Stamps or forms of prepajTuent, whether ob- literated or not, as well as all printed articles constituting the representative sign of a monetary value. Sec. 1117. Articles Excluded from Postal-Union Mails. — It is forbidden to send by mail : 1. Letters or packets containing gold or silver substances, pieces of money, jevrelrj', or precious articles. 2. Any packet whatever containing articles liable to customs duty. 3. Articles other than letters which are not prepaid at least partly, or which do not fultill the conditions required in order to enjoy the reduced rate. 266 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 4. Articles of a nature likely to soil or injure the correspondence. 5. Packets of samples of merchandise which have a salable value, or which exceed 250 grams (8f ozs. ) in weight, or measure more than 20 centimeters (8 inches) in length, 10 centimeters (4 inches) in breadth, and 5 centimeters ("2 inches) in depth. 6. Packets of commercial j)apers and printed matter of all kinds, the weight of which exceeds 2 kilograms (4 lbs. 6 ozs.). There is, moreover, reserved to the government of every country of the Union the right to refuse to convey over its territory, or to deliver as well, articles liable to the reduced rate in regard to which the laws, ordinances, or decrees which regulate the conditions of their publication or of their circulation in that coimtry have not been complied with, as correspondence of every kind which evidently bears inscriptions forbidden by the legal enactments or regulations in force in the same country. See also "Miscellaneous Regulations and Suggestions," section 1132, subsections 19, 20, 21. Sec. 1118. Special Arrangements with Certain Countries. — By the terms of Article XXIII of the Convention of Paris all the stipulations of antecedent special treaties, conventions, arrangements, or other acts previously concluded between, the A'arious countries or administrations, in so far as those stipulations are not in accord- ance with the terms of the Paris Convention, are abi'ogated. Hence, such of the provisions of antecedent postal conventions as are not inconsistent or at variance with the provisions of the Universal Postal Union Convention, may, by mutual understand- ing between the administrations parties to such conventions, be considered as remain- ing in force. 1. A mutual understanding has been had between this Department and the postal administrations of Great Britain and Germany to continue in force the former regu- lation limiting the dimensions of book-packets and other printed matter to two (2) feet in length and one (1) foot in width or depth. 2. By virtue of a similar understanding between the United States and Great Britain, periodicals published in the United States at intervals of not more than thirty-one days may be sent to Great Britain at newspaper rates of postage. Sec. 1119. International Postal Card. — A two-cent postal card lias been specially prepared and issued by this Department for circulation in the Universal Postal Union mails, and is to be used for card correspondence with the countries of the Postal Union. See section 141. Sec. 1120. Reforwarding. — 1. All mailable matter of Postal Union origin (including such matter from Canada) received in the United States may be re- forwarded from the United States post-office of original destination to any other United States post-office, or to any Postal Union country, without charge of addi- tional postage therefor, or, if a registered ai'ticle, without charge of an additional registry fee. 2. Such matter, however, as has been in the first instance addressed to a post-office in the country of mailing is chargeable on rodii-ectiou with the same postage, less the sum prepaid, as would have been charged had it been addressed in the first instance to the post-office of ultimate delivery, but, if registered, without additional registry fee. Sec. 1121. Articles not Transmissible, or Limited in Weight, to Italy. — 1. Living plants, and generally any living portion of a vegetable, such as branches, bulbs, or roots, being prohibited entrance by mail in Italy, samples of these articles cannot be sent in the mails to that country. 2. Samples of tobacco, being subject to customs duties in Italy, should not be sent in the mails to that country. 3. Samples of raw or spun silk for Italy are limited to a weight of one hundred, grams (3^ ozs.). Sec. 1122. Addressing Correspondence to Russia. — Correspondence for Russia should have the name of the place of destination added in either English, TITLK VII FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 2G7 Fronoli, or fievnum, and if for thi> smaller towns in Knssia, thi-y hIiomM lioar, as a jiurt «)f tlu'ir addrt'ss, tho name of f lit^ jtrovinci' or >iovt!rnm<-nt in whirli tlio towns are sit- uated. If tlii'si! conditions are not comidied with the Knssian post-oflico deelineH to undertake delivery of the eorrespondenei-. Sec. 1123. Newspapers for Russia. Restrictions. — Newspapons and other politieal jmblieations of foreinblieiitions and newspapers are only admitted to circnl.atiou by mail when addressetl to the rnblie Imperial Library, the Academy of Sciences, the liigher establishment's of education, and established bookstores, but any person in Russia may snbscrib(> at the Russian ])0.st-ot1iccs fur lorciiiii ncws])a]MTs and i)ublications, whether ]iiilitir;i] or na O >j ^1 >. sT = >. ■' >. = >v'^ p.'S [-, t.'w > H > HWWH WW gW IS Ti a a =s ■ bc SB : :•;' a oW o gw : ^ ; .ix-s N a'3 O : ;^y &= — a ; h . • ^^-a ^ s-a : 3^ 1 i§^ 1 g gs ; a ^ t ,- c ; c ,t. t ■ = > lwl^ §« U ^ ^ CS Fh Cd _ 3 • i:^ : nooQ Hti ^ S<=^A ?R S &:P M3 C e «Q uite mak mai S •* -a ^ ; 3 , ji a • >H M a-^ =ea T' ^ .;s ^ ^ ^ C Jj3 C3 ; , MP40« ■ . H g £ ° o ;fi :* '*-. 't?. sg §.g S"3 ts a 01 CO a c8 SSm O .3 o a a 5fe o .2 -g . »" a t< * f^'r; -Sa-wr^M o K § * ts g'5 ->5 a a 'a 2 9 3 pH •" '3 ^ ."^ c'a s'S-9 o . bt;:^o'S a o a a K t- ? a « a?':» .S:.5 3 a - ia? a a a a '^■a S:ia?i^ O q a g bfl -■; 5:_2.a ^5 9j-9 •r So o CD 'a 2 a ! « ^ > .a ^ a ^ .a 1 <-^ S<' -a ,'~'^- ac-r -2 ='3 a a-S— 5 iS S I: " t. '^ X _ , -ti5 a3N -m- a a «'^ S^-g -■aa5"^_^^'es- T-S-^r-- -^-5.2 >? - - - ^ •„ — cd '€i< a -i ! a 5 a 5 -' ?; -ri - a l-g^^^^a -<5.-g -c5'a«'2-5^a-ii" H'^'S =^.5a^ 3 ~ a •- f^ -a - - S a -_S S-aa ».a_« -2 =^ S^t ? xS i a cB s o * a a.2» -sa .ate® Scia H g W TITLE VII — FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 2C9 •I ■OS I a ,-J. ' *2 c t- C u 111 I HI H 3 w^i; = 00 j; o o 5 J j_£ ■- 1 C3 O CO . tu E * ie t£ u S .• to S:i eScScjclcSggca M M 3 3 o o cccc ^^ _3 J yj= 7 t>p t>>a ■a - . . CO a o o t>i yj >H >< M ^ S ^ ^ " : : : : :^ © o oooec" X « xxx«x 2 ij; [^ e ^ 3 c a r-i 'S C3 X B ^ = ■5 =. = o •" 3 «'33rH 73 3 -^-J !«5 cc '^ 3 ^•3 X 3 x'S r^-3 * (3 Ms'-^ i a'.S r'^ 5^ a£'^ X ^ .3 a ?' <1 o >ii<'~'£ a's'a S M- 2 3-? 3 j; S---2 a-- o 3/;— - 3 *> X 3 ;: 3 -3; S 3 £a ^'= =- i'^ O" 3 T* 3 s 3 s_-3 =•- =t; = = iJ ^ 2 7: 3 : a . ^ . CI • 3 "3 3 3 0.3 f^Ma ,a fev £^■=^3: efe-3 .-'i ^-■,-31^--' :5 : -g :^ : S 5 : • 3 . a ,3 t-'a — ^2i3s c-£iiO p.S'^^X £^ '^< J; - " >^ 3 J: i: -3 * 9 ^. ^ .9 ^ Izi 3 a |3 2"a's '> ti 3 . - o 2 S 5P "x^x 3 .5 > .3 3 ». a -~ ■r- J— r" J 3 • r. ^ x'E 13 s ^ v: N - u- 3- '= t ^ 3 ^3 ?? ^ J^O'XX?' 270 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. ^A't* m mSHmS SHS uR So" *=> '^^^ « p. p>sa fi p £ 2 53 t8 C8 PP Q PPPPP PPP p o p>p -S « " ^ B s o in £ tS a J< r3 .■§^E 2 3 B O O B 3 AJ ^ s^.« ^ ,i«i o o ^ h ,^>^;>^ H h ^ fe: 9 » o ^ ^ i) V \^ 1^ ^;z;;2i 1^; >^ b '"3 ci ^ ^ ^ "S ^ * >^><, a s o o o o a a o a cs fc^ sa at: o & t^ a c3 « ;: s^ » 5-sa 1^-5 B5 ci-.g' ^3 X O ^^ -I -5 2 = 5 S a S a ti s « 'S HO O O WW ^ -~"S O 2 " aS^Ca- « .S 5 _ .9 a ai a y S « 6 ^ ■| J ■£ Is « "b 3 a S « pd s o P a C3 "^ >-. -t-^ f O C C KM : ^ : M a a-J S a a.a § TITLE VII — FOREIGN CORRESrONDENCE. •I'll A >° 5: u ^5 P 3 a - c- ■ "^ ac - I - w I ©'-'--'»«'-- to tt u ;c « 'J !.£ • 5 '"a ■ • :^ : : :.g : • • 5* • QJ ^ O - t. ;- ;• ^ qpp :Ra=;> OSQk coo a, « si 9 u -to .5 " S ■-• 3 2 cS c 3 ^ is coo "a 3 S C ='2>-^ 5 tr -■ -• = ii^ -w a Si? [2 i?-'? '-''a'o O— So:. EriiM . Oii ^±-^~> 3 « • . . . _ ^ ^ g . N ■i' • ■ g ci a . «-' ii,^. J : ; li|i:5l|'« : : ■^ ^ S" 2 i2 . « ^ ; • - K - ;:; '^ .•/. r^ • - .a g^ S - =. „„ E- cs o o a ^ ^1 HH > 272 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. EXCHANGE OF MAILS WITH CA>rADA. The excliange of mails witli Canada takes place between the following exchange post-offices : On the side of the United States. On the side of Canada. Albany, N. Y Hamilton, Ont. ; Toronto, Ont. ; Montreal, Q. Bangor, Me St. John, N. B. Boston, Mass Hamilton, Ont. ; Toronto, Ont.; Kingston, Ont. ; Montreal, Q. ; Quebec, Q. ; Halifax, N. S. ; Yarmouth , N. S. (summer service) ; St. John, N. B. ; Charlottetown, Pr. Ed. I, Buffalo, N.Y Great Western Eailway, Out.; Canada Southern Railway Postal Car, Out. ; Buf- falo &, Lake Huron Railway Postal Car, Ont. ; London, Ont. ; Fort Erie, Ont. ; Hamilton, Ont. ; Niagara, Ont. ; Toronto, Out. Burlington, Vt Montreal, Q. Calais. Me St. Stephen, N. B. ; Western Extension Eail- way Postal Car, N. B. Canaan, Vt Hereford, Q. Canada Roads, Me Jersey, Q. ; Marlow, Q. Cape Vincent, N. Y Kingston, Ont. Chicago, 111 Great Western Eailway Postal Car, Ont.; Hamilton, Ont. ; Toronto, Ont. ; Grand Trunk Eailway (west) Postal Car, Ont. Cleveland, Ohio Lomlon, Ont. Derby Line, Vt Stanstead, Q. Detroit, Mich , Great Western Eailway Postal Car, Ont.; Canada Southern Eailway Postal Car, Ont. ; Windsor, Out ; Toronto, Out, ; Grand Trunk Railway Postal Car, Ont, ; Montreal, Q. Duluth, Minn Silver Islet, Out.; Thunder Bay, Ont. Eastport, Me Grand Manan, N. B. ; St. Andrews, N. B. ; St. John, N. B. Fort Covington, N.Y Huntingdon, Q. Fort Fairfield, Me Andover, N. B. Houlton, Me St. Andrews, N. B. ; St. Stephen, N. B. ; Woodstock N. B. ; Western Extension Eailway Postal Car, N. B. Island Pond, Vt Montreal, Q. ; Montreal & Island Pond Eail- way Postal Car, Q. Marine City, Mich Sombra, Ont. Morristown, N. Y Bi'ockville, Ont. Newport, Vt Lenuoxville, Q. ; Massawippi Valley Eail- way Postal Car, Q. New York, N. y. . Loudon, Out.: Hamilton, Out.; Toronto, Ont. ; Kingston, Out. ; Ottawa, Ont. ; Montreal, Q. ; Quebec, Q. ; Halifax, N. S. Ogdensbnrg, N. Y Prescott, Out. Oswego, N. Y Kingston, Ont. Pembina, Dak West Lynne, Man. Portland, Me Montreal, Q. ; St. John, N. B. Portland, Oieg Victoria, B. C. Port Huron, Mich Sarnia, Ont. Poit Towusend, Wash. Ter Victfuia, B. C. (by steamers). Eichford, Vt Southeastern Eailway Postal Car, Q. Rochester, N. Y Port Hope, Out (by steamer iu summer). Rouse's Pf)iut, N. Y Montreal, Q. ; St. John's, Q. Rutland, Vt Montreal, Q. (via St. Armand & St. Albans R. P. O. and St. Albaus & Boston R. P O. ). Saint Albans, Vt Montreal, Q. ; St. Anuaud Station, Q. ; St. John's, Q. ; Veruiout Junction Railway Postal Car, Q. ; Quebec, Q. Saint Vincent, Minn Winnipeg, Man. San Francisco, Cal Victoria, B. C. Sault de Ste. Marie, Mich Sault de Ste. Marie, Ont. Suspension Bridge, N. Y Great Western Railway Postal Car, Ont. ; Clifton, Ont. ; Toronto, Out. (for regis- teied letters). TITLE VII — FOKEIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 273 On lUf .side ofllir riiitfd StatcH. On tlif niilc i.f Cimmla. Tliniis;unl Isliiiid Tark, N. Y Kinjjstdii, Out. (dmiiiK «iim'ii»r). Troy, N. Y MontrcMl, (/. Upix'V Miulawnskii, Mr Kdimiiidstoii, \. I?. Vanci'borouj!;h, Mc Halifax, \. S. (tor nj^isfcicd Ifttf-rs); West- ern Kxleii.sioii Uaihviiy I'oatul Cur, X. 11. Waddin-rton. N. Y M<»rrisltiir>r, Out. Watertowii, \. Y Kiiif^ston, Out. Detroit & Cliieago R. P. Toronto. Ont. ; Grand Trunk Iv'ailway (east) I'orttal Car, Ont. ; Montreal, Q. Island Pond &■ Portland a;j;ent Montreal, Q. Newiiort & Sprinylield aj^ent Montreal, Q. ; MnHaawijtpi Valley Railway Postal Car, C^., and .Stanstead, Q. New York & Chicago R. P. 0., east of Ivocliester, N. Y Toronto, Ont. Rieht'ord tfc Newjjort agent .S(nitliea.stern Railway Postal Car, Q. Rome, Watertown & Ogdensbnrg agent.. Kingston, Ont. Ronse's Point & Albany agent Montreal, Q. St. Albans & Boston R. P. O Montreal, Q. ; Vermont Jnnction Railway Postal Car, Q. St. Panl & St. Vincent agent Winnipeg ami St. Vincent ronte agents. Tacoma & Victoria agcTit Victoria, B. C. Vauceborough &, Bangor, Me., R. P. O. .. St. Stepliens, St. Andrews, and Woodstock, N. B. EXCHA^'GE OF MAILS WITH MEXICO. The exchange of mails ■witli Mexico takes place between the following exchange po.st-oti(ice8 : 1. Between New York and Vera Crnz (by sea). 2. Between New Orleans and Tampico and Vera Crnz (by sea). 3. Between San Francisco and Mazntlan, San Bhis, Mauzauilla, Acapulco (by sea). 4. Between Brownsville, Tex., and Matamoras. 5. BetAveen Eagle Pass, Tex., and Piedras Negras, 6. Between El Paso, Tex., and Paso del Norte. 7. Between Tncson, Ariz., and Magdalena. Correspondence for Y'ucatan, Campeachy, Tobasco, Vera Cruz, Puebla, and the entire eastern and central sections of Mexico is expeditiously forwarded -via New York or via New Orleans. Correspondence for the State of Tauiaulipas and northeastern section of Mexico is exi)editionsly forwarded via Brownsville, Tex., or via New Orleans. CoiTespondence for the States of Nneva Leon and Coahnila, up to San Luis Potosi, is expeditiously forwarded via Eagle Pass, Tex. CoiTespondence for the State of Chihuahua and central and northwestern sections of Mexico is expeditiously forwarded via El Paso. CoiTespondence for the States of Sonora, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Duraugo and the Territory of Lower California is expeditiously forwarded via Tucson, Ariz. Correspondence for ports and places on the Pacific coast and western and southern sections of Mexico is expeditiously forwarded via San Francisco. 18 P L 274 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. CHAPTER TWO. CORRESPONDENCE UNDER SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS, AND WITH COUNTRIES NOT IN THE UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION. Sec. 1126. Special postalconventlons and arrangements. 1127. Eates of postage When not fixed by conven- tion. 1128. Eates, etc., for non-Convention countries bj- direct mails. 1129. List of principal non-Convention countries. 1130. Eates to non-Convention countries on matter not sent direct. 1131. Postal Guide to be consulted for foreign post- age table. Sec. 1132. Miscellaneous regulations and suggestions. 1133. Treatment of dutiable articles. 1134. Dutiable printed matter in foreign mails. 1133. Discretional remission of duties on single books. 1136. Consuls may pay foreign postage on letters for the United States. 1137. Eetaliatory postage on certain foreign matter. 1138. Letters brought by foreign vessels to be deposited in post-oifice. Sec. 1126. Special Postal Conventions and Arrangements. — Special postal couventions are in force with tlie countries named below. The principal provisions governing the exchange of correspondence under the respective couventions and arrangements, together with the rates of postage, are stated under each. CANADA. The Dominion of Canada embraces all the British North American Provinces, except Newfoundland. The coi'respondence exchangeable comprises letters (ordinary and registered), postal cards, newspapers, pamphlets, magazines, books, maps, plans, engravings, drawings, photographs, lithographs, sheets of music, etc., and patterns and samples of merchan- dise, including grains and seeds. Patterns and samples are construed to be ionafide specimens of goods on hand and for sale, having no intrinsic value aside from their use as patterns and samples. The weight of each package is limited to eight ounces, and the postage ch.arge is ten cents per package, prepayment compulsory. They are subject to the regulations of either country to prevent violations of the revenue laws ; must not be closed against insiJec- tion, and must be so wrapj)ed and inclosed as to be easily examined. All articles of mail-matter, except samples, must be fully prepaid at the domestic rates of the country of origin, and are deliverable free of charge in the country of destination. Newspapers sent from offices of publication in the United St.ates to regular sub- scribers in Canada are subject to the same rates of postage and conditions of prepay- ment as when sent to subscribers in the United States. "Request letters" originating in Canada are return.able directly to the Canadian mailing post-offlces, in the event of non-delivery to their addressees within the time sjiecified by the writers. The regulations respecting the manner of inclosure and limit of weight, governing the transmission of domestic correspondence, are applicable to correspondence ex- changed with Canada, i^atterns and samples excepted. ECUADOR. Letters, and manuscript subject by the laws of either country to letter rate of postage, newspapers, and prints of all kinds in sheets, in pamphlet.s, and in books, sheets of music, engravings, lithographs, photographs, drawings, maps, and plans, comprise the corn;spondence exchangeable wi tli Ecuador. All correspondence, except letters, and mauuscript subject to letter postage, is TITLE VII FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 275 transmissihle uiulor the same rogiilatioiiH aiwl restrictions an aro statM f<»r (iiiatomaln (tlie limit for Itoolts »'Xci>])t*Ml), ajid is also Hiilijcct to tin- laws v( fa<;li coiiiitrv in rt'ijanl to its liability to cuHtoiuH duty, if coutaiiiiiif^ dntialilc ^(>o<1h. Corn'spondt'iiec other than Icttt-rs, n'trivcd from Eiiiador, is Ijjihlo, on delivery iu the Unitfd States, to tho rates of postaf^e for matter sent to Emador. The rates of j)osta<;e appliealile to correspondeneo for E(iiaectively, in regard to its lia- bility to be rated with letter postage when containing written matter, or for any other cause specified in said laws and regulations. Bound or unbound books weighing over two pounds cannot be sent, except at letter rates of postage. The rates of postage applicable to correspondence for Guatemala sent via Panama are as follows, prepayment compulsory : Letters, per | ounce, 10 cents. Newspapers, 2 cents each. Other printed matter, 1 cent an ounce. Correspondence of all kinds received from Guatemala is liable, on delivery in the United States, to the rates of postage for matter sent to Guatemala, and on that from the United States sent to Guatemala postage is chargeable on delivery. Registration is not permissible and samples cannot be sent. THE HAWAIIAN KINGDOM (SANDWICH ISLANDS). Letters, newspapers, and printed matter of every kind are exchangeable. Rates of postage, prepayment compulsory, on corresjtondence for Hawaii sent in direct mails : Letters, jier ^ ounce, 6 cents. Newspapers, United States domestic rates. Other i>rinted matter, 4 cents per 4 ounces or fraction thereof. On newspapers received in the United States from Hawaii the established rates of the United States domestic postage are chargeable. Articles of printed matter except newspapers are liable, on delivery in the United States, to postage at the rate of 4 cents for each 4 ounces or fraction thereof. The domestic postage rates of the Hawaiian Kingdom are chargeable upon all correspondence, except letters, received there from the United States, To regular siibscribers in the Hawaiian Kingdom newspapers published in the United States may be sent at domestic rates. Registration is not permissible, and samples cannot be sent, NEW SOUTH WALES (AUSTRALIA). Exchangeable correspondence comprises letters (ordinary and registered), news- papers, printed matter of every kind, and patterns and samples. 276 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. The provisions relative to nupaid and iusufflcieutly prepaid letters to New Zealand, as below stated, are applicable in tlie case of New South Wales. Correspondence of all kinds, if prepaid in full in New South Wales, is delivered free of charge in the United States. The regulations and conditions governing the exchange of newspapers and iirinted matter are identical with those stated below for New Zealand. Rates of postage, prepayment compulsory, and in full to destination, on correspond- ence for New South Wales sent in direct mails : Letters, per |. ounce, 12 cents. Register fee on letters, 10 cents. Newspapers, 2 cents each. Other printed matter and samples, 4 cents per 4 ounces or fraction thereof. NEW ZEALAND. For the correspondence exchangeable, see New South Wales above. Letters may be registered with fee and postage prepaid. Letters nnx>aid, or prepaid less than one full rate, caunot be forwarded, but insuffi- ciently paid letters, on which a single rate or more has been prepaid, will be forwarded charged with the deticient postage. Correspondence of all kinds prepaid in full in New Zealand is delivered free of charge in the United States. Newspapers, printed matter, and patterns of merchandise are subject to the laws and regulations of each country, respectively, in regard to liability to be rated with letter postage when containing written matter, or for any cause specified in said laws and regulations, as well as in regard to liability to customs duty under the revenue laws. The rates of postage, register fee, and conditions of prepajTnent on correspondence for New Zealand sent in direct mails are the same as for New South Wales. QUEENSLAND (AUSTRALIA). Exchangeable correspondence comprises letters (ordinary and registered), news- papers, printed matter of every kind, and patterns and samples of merchandise. The provisions relative to unpaid and insufticiently paid letters to New Zealand, as above stated, are applicable in the case of Queensland. Correspondence of all kinds prepaid in full in Queensland is delivered free of charge in the United States. New8i)apers, printed matter, and patterns and samples of merchandise are subject to the laws and regulations of each country, respectively, in regard to their liability to be rated with letter postage, when containing written matter, or for any other cause specified in said laws and regulations, as well as in regard to their liability to customs duties. Postage rates, register fee, and conditions of prepayment for correspondence for Queensland sent in direct mails are as above stated for New South Wales and New Zealand. VENEZUELA, The correspondence exchangeable with Venezuela comprises letters and manuscript, subject by the laws of the United States, or Venezuela, to letter rate of postage, news- papers and prints of all kinds in sheets, in pamphlets, and in books, sheets of music, engravings, lithographs, photographs, drawings, maps, and plans. Mail-matter other than letters must be inclosed in narrow bands or covers, open at the sides or ends, so as to be easily examined, subject to the laws and regulations of each country, resx^ectively. Rates of postage, prepayment compulsory, for correspondence for Venezuela sent in direct mails : Letters, per i ounce, 10 cents. TITLE VII FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 277 Newspapprs, Uniterl States domestic rates for transient ncwHpapers, with one tent a«M<'(l fa]>«'r. Otlur ])rint<'(l niattiir, Unitod States domestic rates and one cent for oadi ounce or fraction tlicrcof. Domestic rates of postafjo are ostage cannot be forwanled. Those pre- paid at single rates or more will be forwarded chargtid with the deficient postage. Correspoudeuce fully i>rcpaid in Victt)ria is delivered free of charge in the United States. Newspapers, printed matter, and samples of merchandise are subject to the laws and regulations of each country, respectively, in regard to liability to letter postage when containing written matter, or for any other cause specified in said laws and regulations, as well as with reference to liability to customs duties. Postage rates and register fee upon correspondence for Victoria sent in direct mails are the same as given above for Queensland. Sec. 1127. Rates of Postage when not Fixed by Convention. — Tlio rate of United States postage on niail-iuatter sent to or received from foreign countries with wliicli different rates have not been established by l)ostal convention or other arrangement, when forwarded by vessels regu- larly employed in transporting the mail, shall be ten cents for each half- ounce or fraction thereof on letters, unless reduced by ordei' of the Post- master-General ;* two cents each on newspapers ; and not exceeding two cents per each two ounces, or fraction thereof, on pamphlets, periodicals, books, and other printed matter, which postage shall be prepaid on matter sent and collected on matter received ; and to avoid loss to the United States in the payment of balances, the Postmaster-General may collect the unpaid postage on letters from foreign countries in coin or or its equivalent. (II. S., § 3912.) Sec. 1128. Rates, &c., for Non-Convention Countries by Direct Mails. — Correspondence from the United States for foreign countries and places other than those heretofore named, or with which uo postal treaties or other postal arrangements have been made by the United States, if forwarded in direct mail by vessels regularly em- ployed in caiTying the mails, and not through the intermediary of a country having postal relations with the United States by treaty or other arrangement, is subject to the rates of jiostage stated in section 1127 and foot-note thereto. Only ordinary letters, newspapers, i>amphlet8, periodicals, books, and other printed matter nuiy be sent in these cases, under the regulations and conditions ai)plicable to the same correspondence in the domestic mails. Prepayment of postage is compulsory for all correspondence, and the prescribed rates are collectible ujion delivery in the United States of nuitter received. Sec. 1129. List of Principal Non-Convention Countries. — The jirincipal countries and places to which the above rates and conditions at present apply are the *The Postmaster-General has reduced the rate to live cents. (See next section.) 278 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. United States of Colombia, other Central and South American States not embraced in the Universal Postal Union, or not having postal arrangements with the United States ; the West India Islands not in the Postal Union ; the Fiji and other islands of the Pacific Ocean not in the Postal Union, or with which no postal arrangements have been made ; Shanghai, China, and the Australian colonies other than New South AVales, Queensland, and Victoria. Registered letters may be transmitted to Aspinwall, Panama, and to Shanghai. Sec. 1130. Rates to Non-Convention Countries on Matter not Sent Direct. — If corresiJondence for countries not in the Postal Union, or the countries and places men- tioned or referred to in the last section, istransmitted inopenmails through the interme- diary of other countries having postal arrangements with the United States and with the countries of destination, it is liable generally to the combined rates of the United States, as named above for direct transmission, and those applicable in the inter- mediary country to correspondence for the same destinations, less the domestic interior rate of the intermediary country, and the combined postages are usually required to be prepaid. Sec. 1131. Postal Guide to be Consulted for Foreign Postage Table. — Ref- erence should be had to the Foreign Postage Table in the latest edition of the United States Official Postal Guide for rates of postage, condition and limit of prepayment, and the classes of correspondence transmissible, in the cases of countries and places not in the Universal Postal Union, or to which coiTesx)ondence is forwarded in the open mails of intermediary counti'ies. Sec. 1132. Miscellaneous Regulations and Suggestions. — 1. All inquiries relative to foreign mails and mail steamship service between the United States and foreign countries should be addressed to " Superintendent Foreign Mails, Post-Office Department, Washington, D. C." 2. The Post-Office Department is the i^roper medium for official communication with foreign postal officials respecting postal matters, and United States postmasters should refer all subjects requiring official correspondence with foreign jiostal administrations or officials to the Superintendent of Foreign Mails at Washington, D. C, through whose office such corre8j)ondence is conducted. 3. All articles of correspondence addressed to foreign countries must bear a legible impression of the stamp of the mailing post-office, or inscrijjtion in ink, showing the place of mailing and date of dispatch therefrom. 4. In order to avoid the delay consequent upon the return through the Dead-Letter Office of short-paid letters, addressed to countries to Avliich prepayment of postage is compulsory, care should be exercised in the weighing and stamping of such letters. In case of doubt it is safer to prepay at the higher rate. Delay may also be avoided by writing the name and address of the sender on the covers. 5. Make the address legible and complete, giving the name of the country, as well as the name of the post-office or town. Letters addressed merely to "London," with- out adding "England," may be sent to London, Canada, and vice versa, thereby caus- ing delay, and often serious loss. Wherever practicable the name of the street and number of the house should also be given on letters addressed to cities. While the let- ter may eventually reach its destination without a number, the omission is often a cause of hesitation and delay. 6. See that every letter, newspaper, or other packet sent by mail is securely folded and fastened. In affixing the postage-stamps to the covers of printed matter, see that they do not overlap the covers and adhere in part to the contents, thus, in effect, closing the jiacket against inspection. Avoid using cheap envelopes, made of thin paper, especially where more than one sheet of paper or any other artich> than paper is in- closed. Being often handled, and subject to pressure in the mail-bags, such envelopes not nnfrequently split open, often giving cause of complaint against officials who are entirely innocent in the matter. TITLE VII FOREIGN CORRESPONDEN'CE. 279 7. It is rt'coiuiiiemleil Unit soiiio other iiiiittrial th;in wiix \n- u.suil lor cloMing lftt»is or puckots atUliessed to placfs in Wiiriii (liniatcs. H. Many of the su}^;^i'stioii,s iflativi' to doiiicHtic roiTi'.sixuKlcuct! apply with ci|nal lorco to coiTi'.spoiulciuo aihlressi-d to toi*'ij;ii t-omitrii'.s. y. Lettt'r.s for couutrios to which paynu-nt of posta;i(: is coinimlsory, winMi uii)iai(l or iiisiUliciontly prepaid, arc sent to the Dead-Letter OlBce, to be opeued and returned to the writers. 10. Unthilivercd correspondence of foreign orif^in is rctnrned to the senihrs in pnr- siiance of the stipnlations of postal treaties or conventions in force with fost-office, the postmaster shall also, at the time of its arrival, notify the addressee or addressees thereof that such letter or package has been received and is believed to contain articles liable to customs duties, and that he or they must appear at the post- office at a time in said notice to be designated, not exceeding twenty days fi'om the date of said notice, and receive and open said letter or package in the i>resence of an officer of the customs. Letters and sealed packages, or packages the wrappers of wliich cannot be removed without destroying tliom, which are supposed to contain articles liable to customs duties, and which are addressed to persons residing outside of the delivery of the United States exchange post-offloe where they were first received from abroad, shall be forwarded, without longer detention than twenty-four hours, to their respective destinations, marked Stipposed liable to customs duties, and upon their receipt at the post-offices of destination the postmasters thereof shall notify the nearest customs officer and the parties addressed, in the manner and to the same eftect as hereinbefore provided iu the case of similar letters or packages addressed for delivery at the United States ex- change post-offieo where they were first received. Provided, however, that nothing lierciuabove contained shall authorize or allow customs officers to seize or take possession of any letter or scaled package Avhile the TITLE VII FOREIGN CORRESPONDENX'E. 281 eamo is in the onstody of a postmaster, nor nntil after its dolivory to th*^ ai(faranoo of a cnstoins ofliccr and tlic addrcsst^i', in pursuance of the notices hereiiihefore jiruvifli-d to he jjivuu. Unseali'd packain}^ and stating the accounts of the Department, and the otiicial forms of papers to be used in connection with its receipts and expenditures. Lie shall report to the rostmaster-General all delincpiencies of i>ostmasters in rendering their accounts and returns, or in ])aying over money-order funds and other receipts at their othces. He shall register, charge, and countersign all warrants upon the Treasury for receipts or payments issued by the Postmaster-General, when warranted by law. He si i all perform such other duties in relation to the financial concerns of the Department as may be assigned to him by the Secretary of the Treasury, anSft>^^] Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department] shall forward to the Department of Justice certified copies of all papers in his office tending to sustain the claim. (R. S., §296.) Sec. 1149. Oaths in Settlement with Auditor.* — Any mayor of a city, justice of the peace, or judge of any court of record in the United States, may administer oaths, in relation to the examination and settlement of the accounts committed to the charge of the [Sixth] Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department]. (R. S., §298.) Sec. 1150. Appeal to First Comptroller from Auditor's Settlement. — "\\Tien- ever the Postmaster-General or any person whose accounts have been settled by the [Sixth] Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office De- partment] is dissatisfied with the settlement made by the Auditor, he may, witliin twelve months, appeal to the First Comptroller, whose decision shall be conclusive. (R. S., §270.) CHAPTER TWO. POSTMASTERS' QUARTERLY RETtJRlTS. Sec. 1151. Quarterly accounts of receipta. 1152. Quarterly accounts to be sworn to. 1153. Neglect to render .accounts ; penalty. 1154. Time of forwarding quarterly retuma. 1155. What composes the quarterly return. 1156. Manner of mailinj? quarterly returns. 1157. Transcripts must accomijany account cur- rent. 11.58. Written accounts will not be audited. 1159. Quarterly returns to include but one quarter. 1160. Printed labels for i-eturns from Presidential offices. 1161. Detailed statement from Presidential offices. 1162. Accounts of outgoing and incoming post- , masters. 1163. Accounts of deceased postmasters. 1164. Postmasters giving new bond, return not changed. Sec. 1165. Originals must be retained. 1166. Who must sign account-current, 1167. Correction of errors in accounts. 1168. Bcoord to be kept of receipts by postma.?- tera. 1169. Duty of postmaster when returns are lost in the mail. 1170. Unreasonable delay in presenting claims, in- ference from. 1171. Allowance for advertising letters. 1172. Items not to be entered on the account-cur- rent. 1173. Ifo allowance for expenditures without vouchers. 1174. No allowance for administering oath. 1175. Endorsement on back of account-current. 1176. Blank forms, how procured. Sec. 1151. Quarterly Accounts of Receipts. — Everj'^ postmaster shall ren. der to the Postmaster-General, under oath, and in such form as the * Section 297, Revised Statutes, provides that the several Auditors are empowered to aduiinister oaths to Avitnoeses in any ca.se in which tlioy may deem it necessary for the due examination of the accounts with which they shall bo charj^ed. TITLE VIII — AUDITING POSTAT. ACCOUNTS. 287 latter shall prescribe, a quarterly account of all moneys received or charjit'd by liiiii or at his office, for posta;;*', rent of boxes or otlier r«'- ceptacles for inail-inatter, or l>y reason of kecpiii;; a l>ranch oHiee, or for the delivery of mail-matter in any manner whatever. (K. S., § 384.3.) Sec, 1152. Quarterly Accounts to be Sworn to. — Tlie rostniastcr-General may rtMHiire a sworn stiitciiuMit to accroiiipany eacli quarterly account of a postma.ster, to the effect that such account contains a true statement of the entire amount of postaj^e, box-rents, cliaruildin;j in which the post-office is located. Every postmaster will keep the above accounts separately, and charge himself with all receipts thereon. He will make quarterly returns thereof to the Auditor, ami turn over his records to his successor. Sec. 1169. Duty of Postmasters when Returns are Lost in the Mail. — The postiuasttT, though lie nuiy have mailfd his returns, will not be considi-red as dis- charged from the penalty mentioned in section llol} unhsss, after lieiug notified that they have not been receivt^d at the Dejiartmeut, he transmits forthwith duplicate transcripts from the orij^iual accounts retained in his possession. Sec. 1170. Unreasonable Delay in Presenting Claims. Inference from. — A Tuo account-current is intended to show the net proceeds of the post-oHiceforthe quar- ter, no balance due on a former quarter, nor any payment to or collection for the De- partment in a former quarter, is to be inserted in it. All vouchers for expenses charged in the account-current must be transmitted with the said accounts, and if for advertising letters, must state the number of letters. Unreasonable delay not only implies neglect of the public business, but is calculated to bring suspicion upon the claims withheld ; and the Department, therefore, reserves to itself the right to reject .all such claims after the quarterly accounts have been adjusted. Sec. 1171. Allowance for Advertising Letters. — When proper authority has been given to tho postmaster by the Postmaster-General, one cent will be allowed for advertising each letter, and the printer's receipt must state the number ol letters and the amount paid for advertising. Sec. 1172. Items not to be Entered on the Account-Current. — Items relat- ing to Money Order Business, to ex])eiiditures on account of the Free Deli very System and of the Railway Postal Service, must iu)t be entered on the account-current. Sec. 1173. No Allowance for Expenditures without Vouchers. — No allow- ance will be made for any expenditure (uiless accompanied by the proper voucher — that is, a bill receipted. Sec. 1174. No Allowance for Administering Oaths. — Xo allowauce cau be made for fees paid for administering oaths to accounts. Sec. 1175. Indorsement on Back of Account-Current. — The postmaster must indorse plainly upon the back of the account-current, in the blanks prepared for that purpose, the class and name of the post-ofirtce, the name of the State, the period for winch the account is rendered, and the name of the postmaster. Sec. 1176. Blank Forms, how Procured. — Blank forms for quarterly ac- counts-current are furnished on application to the First Assistant Postmaster-General, Blank Agency ; and postmasters should so arrange their orders as to have a supply suf- ficient for one year constantly on hand. CHAPTER THREE. ACCOUNTS-CURRENT AND TRANSCRIPTS— FORMS. Sec. [ Sec. 1177. Form.s for use at Prt'sidi'utwl iK)st-ollici'S. 1178. Fonu.s for use at fourth-class post-offices. Sec. 1177. Forms for Presidential Post-Offices.— The following forms of accounts-current and transcripts, w hich are i)rinted upon colored or tinted paper, are prescribed for the use of postnuisters at post-offices of the first, second, and third classes : 19 P L 290 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. ^ H < a t-.§ "3 M M CP p; 00 ci 3 d Z -^ ~ .c » V< -i^ 1 1 Is O P< a B ft 1 p. t- ;- a ^ cS a s T. 4) Pi 03 6 t2 3 2 P M 3< p -1 •1 X H Cm o & a ^ .3 -4J "5 C x' "3 c p< p. •5 B ss ei c p. p. E « K C a J7 = P 11 C > P.S _ o « = i 'x o £ p*2 s p. ^ 3 .a £ p 1 P. o a a a a 5 OS S 2 S2 S o a a a 5 -£ £ a "S 05 O P< o a p. £ i o P. o a s u 5 3 5 £ c •5 f P. c c E K t 2 a . c * -11 a- a c a ^ t S i p. o p. £ 1 ^ ft -1 p (^ ^^ '^ c « 'i! lO «o t-^ t' .o . =« h aS 1^ 5 3 c: °-^ Q U 1 a r .5 5 "St = -^— a :- •_ s P. c i .= — ■ = ° — 2 *" ' 5^ i c: •= ~r "lis^ ■>^ 1- =5 £ CS 5 ==.5 1:^ '■; r^ a p.!! o a n S c ♦^ ISS^.a g sills TITLE VIII AUDITING POSTAL ACCOUNTS. 291 Jiox-niit account. Qiiarter-ycaily rotiini of ftll roccipts for linxos niid drawers by mo receivod aa postmaatcr of , State of , for the (luartor i-uding , 18 — . Rent of boxpn ... Keut of dniwura . No. Rate. Dollars. Ct8. I, , postmaster of , do that the above and forcjroinjc is a trne and correct account of all receipts for rent of boxes and drawers for the quarter ending , 18 — . , Postmaster. - antl subscribed before the undersigned, a for the of - this- ilay of , A.D. 18— . Detailed statement of stamps, .Jc, received. (No. 1511.) Pest Office : County of . State of . -, 18- A detailed statement of stamps and stamped envelopes, newspaiier wrappers, postal cards, newspaper and periodical stamps, and postage-duo stamps received during the quarter ended , 18 — , and acknowledged in article 4 of the aocount-ouiTent for that quarter. Date of receipt, ^f^^' Description. (Whether stamps, envelopes, newspaper wrap- pers, or postal cards.) Amount. Dollars. Cents. Total 1 I certify the above statement to be correct. raij-roU of clerks. "W'e, the undersigned, officers in the post-office at , have received of the several sums affixed to our names, in full for services to , inclusive. Postmaster. post-master. Names. Time of service. Signatures. 292 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Poat Office Expense voucher. (Form 1526.) , State of. To _, Dr. To Received of -, P. M. at , State of , the above sum of i^sti dollars, for whicli have signed duplicate receipts this day of , 18 — . Detailed statement of vouchers. (No. 1559.) Post Office : County of State of , 18—. A detailed statement of vouchers accompanying quarterly account-current for the quarter ended , 18 — , for "Which credit is claimed in art. 10 of said account-current. No. of To whom paid. For what expended. Amount. voucher. Dollars. Cents. Totf il I certify the above statement to be correct. -, Postmaster. Sec. 1178. Forms for Fourth-Class Post-Offices. — The following forms, wliich are iiriuted uitou white i)apcr to tlistingnish thcni from those of presidential post-offices, are prescribed for the use of postmasters at fourth-class post-offices : 1NSTKUCTION8. The special attention of postmasters is directed to the following instructions, and a strict compliance with the same will be required : Article 1. Enter the amount received for waste-paper, twine, &c., sold during the quarter. Articlk 2. Enter the amount of box-rent collected during the quarter. Postmasters are prohibited from collecting or I'eceiving the rent of boxes for more than oiu' qu.arter in advance. Akticlk 3. Enter the exact v.alue of all postage-stamps, postage-diui stamps, stamped envelopes, newspaper stamps, newspaper wrappers, and postal cards that remained TITLE VIII AUDITING POSTAL ACCOUNTS. 293 on liaud at the close of the preceding qnaitcr. Whore a cliange of postmasters occurs, the \ iiUie of stamps, enveh)pe8, curds, etc., received from the outgoing postmaster shouhl also he entered in this article. Akticlk 4. Enter the value of all postajije-stamps, postage-due stamps, stamped enveh)pes, newspaper stamps, newspaper wrapjiers, and postal cards receive ^ p o i (=1 5^ O o H ;i l| b X - a? P* a; P 3 — .S-2o (C 30 CO H.3 o 9 <&«-€e- ^ d 4i ;! S o b u ._= B 3 rr X ft c: 1) s s c =! bll fct C q fcf.J^ a - -- C 9 5 - 7"— '^ P « p o "^o ftft ^ if.t; o t « c 3 •: p s ti " r S "= - = ^-r = a ^ ^ *:ft>s.i-t:ftL.t.*-LH, 2 * C . ^ —" 3 G i.^ +j; Kr— -13 ftp a 5^ ^ I) CO J^ re O ftcS . a ft ftcM ■■*• t- w • P P S CO t. i " >■•" =5 t P— CO £.■« 9 £<^i5'^ r— '^ '^ ^ 35 _S " _ e t~ r= *^ P 2 . fe t- rK p C i, * . ; °'ft'? Oil £: bf p'S •r'^ 9 § 3 « 3 s s «i I "I §5 ?^ p 9'— ^ f— t: - -" o Ji p >■.;-' * '^ ft-? ft '=^ I "1 J. ■Too p, fS t; '*" S « > § -sp^.s^ ti o ft ■^ .mIHI^ js P p. 2 o in lliiyii ftP o o t. c« 3 P-'^ i * 0) ^:£ p - = — 5 «^£(B= ^;::a a » a; t^ ft.= P » O •a X't. i '^ p s5-2*:tSsJ -w •Pf^ p g'?;f ° 2.^1-3 O 5 s 2 " p s o ft o . "p ? P ?"o i S * '*" O'S P =<- P.- a 5^ t'^ ifPl = 5 p ?:= : ift? £» « c "_ig a '^^ ■••^ .- 2 's . • ' C S -P "5 2 = H ft -3' fP-'Sl n. S 1*-w Xio^2M"-=5'C ^x?^ 3 =2 TITLE VIII AUDITING POSTAL ACCOUNTS. 295 Traimcrijit for fourth clagg officeg. Account of liox-ronts collpotcd, niul daily triiiisnipt of aiiinuiitof poHtaco-stampB. Btampe,' the quarter cndinj? 188—. This lraiisfni>t fonns a part of the quartoiiit out .specihcally the jtartieulars wherein the accounts disagree. Sec. 1187. Blanks for General Accounts. — Blanks for j^oncral accounts will Itf funiislicd to ii<)stiii;i.sti >-. >-. >i ;*. >i a a a a o o 22"*2r!S -H ■* IM r-l ■* 00 rt lO O -* CC r5 r-l C^ 35 . rH CO C^ f-i 00 §>■■■£ ft 1-5 P^3- r-t O 05 CO CO C5 cE^ "5 §2 B Sec . B QG O ,sfc o El H o as o o B c5" a rt => ^"^ ■-( "'^00 o o f* O O '-' TITLE VIII AUDITING POSTAL ACCOUNTS. 299 CHAPTER FIVE. COLLECTION OF DEBTS DUE THE DEPARTMENT. Sec. 1191. Collection by contractors' orders. 119 2. Colled drafts. 1198. Postmasters may be removed for neglect to collect. 1199. Suits upon collection-drafts. 1200. Collection-drafts not issued for "money-order funds. " Sec. 1191. Collection by Contractors' Orders. — ^Mion tlie convenience of tlie sorvito rt'(i[uires it, contractors arc funiislied Avitli printed blank orders upon post- ina.ster9 on their routes, to whom, upon presentation of an order at the end of the quarter, postmasters are required to pay over all moneys due the United States, from "whatever source received, except " money-order funds." In such cases uo form of order or receijtt will be recognized except the printed blank furnished by the Depart- ment. A payment made otherwise than strictlj' according to the regulations is null and void. Sec. 1192. Collection by Drafts. — ^Mienever it shall be deemed advis- able by the Auditor, drafts will be i.ssued for the collection of balances due by post- masters, late postmasters, and others; and ininiediatoly upon the receipt of such drafts by the postmaster in whose favor they are issued, it is his duty to notify the party or parties upon whom such drafts are drawn and demand prompt payment thereof, as instructed by the circulars accompanying the diafts. Sec. 1193. Postmasters Expected to Honor Drafts. — Upon the receipt of such notice and demand, it is the duty of the postmasters, or other persons upon whom such drafts are drawn, to pay the amount thereof to the postmaster in whose favor they are issued without delay and without risk or expense to the United States. Sec. 1194. Notification to Auditor of Payment of Draft. — If the draft be collected by the postmaster, he shall immediately notify the Auditor by transmitting his receiiit for the amount, as instructed by the circular accompanying the draft, and should charge himself upon his general postal account with the amount of such draft. Sec. 1195. Notification of Non-Payment. — If the postmaster, late post- master, or other porsou upon whom the draft is drawn, fail to respond to the demand Avithin the time named in the Auditor's circular of instructions, the postmaster hold- ing the draft will notify the Auditor by letter of such failure, communicating the reply to his demand, if any bo received, when further instructions will be sent by th® Auditor. Sec. 1196. Report of Cause of Failure to Collect. — If the exertions of the postmaster to collect from the party or his sureties prove unavailing, he will commu- nicate to the Auditor the cause of such failure, and also the i-esidence and pecuniary circumstances of all the parties, if alive ; or, if dead, the condition of their estates and the names of their administrators or executors. Sec. 1197. Responsibility for Uncollected Drafts. — If dne diligence be not used in making the collection, or if, being unsuccessful, any postmaster fail to return the draft or demaiul to the Auditor, or otherwise to give notice of such failure, or fail to give any information required in relation to the same, .such neglect and want of fidelity will amount to a breach of the couditiou of his bond, and the ib'aft will bo 300 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. permanently charged to tlie general acconnt of the postmaster holding it, and he and his snreties will be held responsible for the amount of the same. Sec. 1198. Postmasters may be Removed for Neglect to Collect. — The fail- ure or refusal of a postmaster to comply strictly with instructions sent him in rela- tion to the collection of drafts will be considered just ground for his removal from office. Sec. 1199. Suits upon Collection-Drafts. — Upoii the return of a collection- drafc upon a late postmaster or contractor unpaid, the Auditor will at once prejiare and transmit to the Department of Justice certified copies of all the accounts and other papers necessary for the immediate institution of a suit against the principal and sureties for the recovery of the balance due the United States. Sec. 1200. Collection-Drafts not Issued for Money-Order Funds. — Collection- drafts are not issued upon late postmasters for balances due the United States upon their money-order accounts. If a late postmaster fails to pay to his successor, immedi- ately upon his taking charge of the iiost-otfice, the full amount of money-order funds in his hands, as shown by the last statement rendered, the Aiulitor will instruct the postmaster, by letter, to demand immediate payment of such balance ; and if payment be not made promptly, the i>ostmaster will be directed to require payment of the sureties of the late postmaster, as in the case of the collection of drafts for postal balances. Should payment be refused by the snreties, the case will be submitted to the Department of Justice for suit, as provided in the preceding section. CHAPTER SIX. RENEWAL OF LOST WARRANTS OR DRAFTS. Sec. 1201. Indemnity bond for duplicate warrants. 1202. Certificate of non-payment. 1203. No bond required for duplicate di'aft. Sec. 1204. Tenor, force, and effect of duplicate. 1205. Renewal of loot collection-drafts. Sec. 1201. Indemnity Bond for Duplicate Warrant. — In aU cases where application is made for the issue of a duplicate warrant, upon the allegation that the original is lost, every such application must be addressed to the Auditor of the Treas- ury for the Post-Office Department, who will furnish the applicant with a blank "bond of indemnity," to be filled up in accordance with the conditions specified in the same, which bond, duly executed, must be returned to the Auditor, accompanied by a statement, on oath or affirmation, by the aiiplicaut, or the person who is the legal holder thereof, showing the time, place, and all the circumstances attend- ing the loss or destruction of the warrant, with its number, date, and amount; in whose favor it was issued ; and if assigned, to whom made payable ; together with any other particulars relating to it within the knowledge of the applicant. Sec. 1202. Certificate of Non-Payment. — The applicant must also pro- duce a letter or certificate from the officer or person on whom the warrant may have been drawn, showing that it has not been paid ; also that payment of tUo same will not thereafter be made to the owner, or any other jterson whatever. Sec. 1203. No Bond Required for Duplicate Draft. — When the application is for a duplicate draft, the applicant must conform to the above requirements, except as to the execution of the bond of indemnity. Sec. 1204. Tenor, Force, and Effect of Duplicate. — The duplicate, when issued, shall have the same tenor, force, and effect as the original, unless, in case of assignment, the assignee of the lost draft or warrant produce due authority from the Iiayee for the issue of the duplicate in his own favor. TITLE VIII AUDITING POSTAL ACCOUNTS. 301 Sec. 1205. Renewal of Lost Collection-Drafts. — Where collection-drafts sent to iHMtmasttTH arc lost, tht- posttnastcrs to wliom they arc wMit are rfM|uin'rt to make alUduvit, cither that thi>y huvo m-vor roccived tlio same, or that paymoiit has Lecu roijiu'stc'd ami refusod, or that thf draft has htM'n forwanh'd by mail. Tin- post- ma.stnr will ho roqiiirod to make further adhlavit that neither the whole nor any part of sncli draft has been i)aid to hiui nor to any (►ther i)erson, so far as he knows or is able to ascertain. Forms for this affidavit will bo furnished by the Auditor. CHAPTER SEVEN. PROCEEDINGS IN SUITS. Sec. 1206. Circnitanil rosecutions ; and in any civil suit, in case of delin(piency of any postmaster or contractor, a state- ment of the account, certitied as aforesaid, shall be admitted in evidence, and the court shall be authorized thereupon to give judgment and award execution, subject to the provisions of law as to proceedings in such civil suits. (11. S., § 889.) (See U. S. r. Hodge, KJ Hoav., 478; Lawrence r. U. S., 2 McLean, 58L) Sec. 1224. Copies of Statements of Demands by Post-Office Department. — In all suits for the recovery of balances due from i)ostmasters, a copy, diily certified under the seal of the [Sixth] Auditor [of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department], of the statement of any postmaster, .special agent, or other person, employed I>y the Postmaster-General or the Auditor for that purpose, that he has mailed a letter to such delinquent postmaster at the post-office where the indebteness accrued, or at his last usual idace of abode ; that a sufficient time has elapsed for said letter to have reached its destination in the ordinary course of the mail ; and that payment of such balance has not been received, within the time designated in his instructions, shall be received as sufficient evi- dence in the courts of the United States, or other courts, that a demand has been made upon the delipquent postnuister; but when the account of a late iiostmaster has been once adjusted and settled, and a demand has been made for the balance appearing to be due, and afterward allow- ances are made or credits entered, it shall not be necessary to make a farther demand for the new balance found to be due. (1\. S., § 800.) Sec. 1225. Returns of Marshal to Auditor of the Treasury for the Post- Office Department. — Every marshal to whom any execution upon a judg- ment in any suit for moneys due on account of the Po.st-Office Depart- ment has been directed, shall make returns to the [Sixth] Auditor [of the Treasury] for that Department, at such times as he may direct of the pro- ceedings which haA'e taken place upon the said process of execution. (K. S., §792.) 20 P L TITLE IX Sec. Sec. 12-2r>. Fnrjiinf; postal monoy-ordtM-s. 1239. 1227. Forfriug or coimterfeitiug postage-stamps, 1240. dies, &c. 1241. 1228, Forging or counterfeiting foreign postage- 1242. stainps. 1243. 1229, Injuriiig mail-matter in street mailing box^ 1244. &c. 124.i. 1230. Eiiibczzlomeiit of letters containing inclo.s- ures. 1246. 1231. Meaning of words "intended to be conveyed 1247. by mail." 1248. 1232. Penalty for detaining letters. 1249. 1233. Penalty for detaining, opening, or destroying letters. 12.50. 1234. Penalty for interoeptiiig or secreting letters. 1251. 1235. Stealing or fraud ulently obtaining mail, open- ing valuable letters. 12.52. 1236. Keceiving articles stolen from the mail. 1237. Stealing, detaining, or destroying ncws- papeis. 1253. 1238. Bobbery of the mail. CRIMES AND MISI>EMEANOIlS AOAINST THE OPERATIONS OF THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Attempting to rob the mail. Deserting the mail. Stealing post-ofMee property. Injuring mail-bags, &,c. Stealing or forging mail looks or keys. Breaking into and entering ])o»t-ottiee. Counterfeiting bid, bond, &e. Sending letters through the mail wtth intent to defraud. Accessorj' to robbery of the mail. Accessory to stealing mail matter. Willfully neglecting to deposit postal reve- nues. Fraudulent receipts of postage. Painting upon vessels, &c., words "TJ. S- Mail." Penalty for using, washing, selling, canceled stamps. Aiding or abetting in trading in obscene literature. Sec. 1226. Forging Postal Money-Orders. — Any per.son wTio .slmll, with intent to defraud, falsely make, forge, counterfeit, engrave, or print, or cause or procure to be falsely made, forged, counterfeited, engraved, or printed, or willingly aid or assist in falsely making, forging, counterfeit- ing, engraving, or iirinting, any order in imitation of or purporting to be a money-order issued by the Post-Ofifice Department, or any of its postmasters or agents, or any material signature or indorsement thereon; any person who shall falsely alter, or cause or procure to be altered, or willingly aid or assist in falsely altering any such money-order; any person who shall, with intent to defraud, pass, utter, or publish, or at- tempt to pass, utter, or publish, as true, any such false, forged, counter- feited, or altered money-order, knowing the same, or any signature or indorsement thereon, to be false, forged, counterfeited, or altered, shall be punishable by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars, or by im- prisonment at hard labor for not less than two years and not more than five year.s. (K. S., § 5403.) Sec. 1227. Forging or Counterfeiting Postage-Stamps, Dies, etc. — Any per- son Avho shall forge or counterfeit any po.stagestainp, or any stamp printed upon any stamped envelope, postal card, or any die, plate, or engraving therefor; any person who shall make, or print, or knowingly use or sell, or have in possession, with intent to use or sell, any such forged or counterfeited postage-stamp, stamped envelope, postal card, 307 308 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. die, plate, or engraving ; any person "wlio shall make, or knowingly use or sell, or have in possession, with intent to use or sell, any paper bear- ing the water-mark of any stamiietl envelope, postal card, or any fraud- ulent imitation thereof; any person who shall make or print, or authorize or procnre to be made or printed, any postage-stamp, stamped envelope, or postal card, of the kind authorized and provided by the Post-OfiBce Department, without the special authority and direction of the Depart- ment ; any person who shall, after such postage-stamps, stamped enve- lopes, or postal card, have been printed, and with intent to defraud the postal revenue, deliver the same to any person not authorized by an in- strument of writing duly executed under the hand of the Postmaster- General and the seal of the Post-OfBce Department to receive them, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment at hard labor not more than five years, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (R. S., 5464.) Sec. 1228. Forging or Counterfeiting Foreign Postage-Stamps. — Any per- son who shall forge or counterfeit or knowingly utter or use any forged or counterfeited postage- stami^ of any foreign government, shall be punished by imi)risonment at hard labor of not less than two nor more than ten years. (E. S., § 54C5.) Sec. 1229. Injuring Mail-Matter in Street Mailing-Box, etc. — ^Any person who shall willfully or maliciously injure, deface, or destroy any mail-matter deposited in any letter-box, pillar-box, or other receptacle established by authority of the Postmaster-General for the safe deposit of matter for the mail or for delivery, or who shall willfully aid or assist in injur- ing such mail-matter, shall be punishable by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than three years. (E. S., § 54G6.) Sec. 1230. Embezzlement of Letters Containing Inclosures. — Any person employed in any department of the postal service who shall secrete, embezzle, or destroy any letter, ]3acket, bag, or mail of letters intrusted to him, or which shall come into his possession, and which was intended to be conveyed by mail, or carried or delivered by any mail carrier, mail-messenger, route-agent, letter-carrier, or other person employed in any department of the postal service, or forwarded through or delivered from any post-ofHce or branch i>ost-office established by authority of the Postmaster-General, and which shall contain any note, bond, draft, check, warrant, revenue stamp, postage-stamp, stamped envelope, postal card, money-order, certificate of stock, or other pecuniary obliga- tion or security of the Government, or of any officer or fiscal agent thereof, of any description whatever; any bank-note, bank x>ost bill, bill of exchange, or note of assignment of stock in the funds ; any letter of attorney for receiving annuities or dividends, selling stock in the funds, or collecting the interest thereof; any letter of credit, note, bond, warrant, draft, bill, promissory note, covenant, contract, or agreement whatsoever, for or relating to the payment of money, or the delivery of TITLE IX — CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS. dO'J any article of valno, or tlio x)erformanco o( any act, matter, or tltin;;"; any reccii)t, release acquittance, or discliarj^c of or fioni any debt, cove- nant, or demand, or any part tliereof ; any co[)y of the record of any jud;j:ment or decree in any court of law or chancery or any execution which may have issued tliereon ; any co})y of any otlier re(;ord, or any other article of value, or writin<^ representing; the same; any such per- son who shall steal or take any of the things aforesaid out of any letter, packet, bajx, or mail of letters which shall have come into his possession, either in the regular course of his oflicial duties or in any other manner ■whatever, aud provided the same shall not have been deliv^ered to the l>arty to whom it is directed, shall be punishable by im])risonment at hard labor for not less than one year nor more than five years. (K. S., § 54(57.) All indictment which charges the defendant with uuhiwfuUy abstracting a letter containing bank-notes from the mail is good, if it alleges that the letter containing bank-notes was put into the post-office to be conveyed by post, and came into posses- sion of defendant as a driver of the mail-stage. (The United States vs. Martin, 2 Mc- Lean, 256.) In an indictment for embezzlement, under this section, it is sufficient to charge " that defendant was a person employed in one of the departments of the Post-Office estab- lishment of the United States." (The United States v-t. Patterson, 6 McLean, 466.) It is not necessary to aver in an indictment, nnder tliis section, that the letter em- bezzled was intended to be conveyed to any ])articular place; an averment that it was intended to be conveyed by post being sufficient. (U. S. r». Okie, 5 Blatch., 576. See also U. S. vs. Randall, 1 Deady, 524; l^ S vs. Hardyman. i;{ Pet., 176; U. S. vs. Gold- ing, 2 Curtis's C. C, 212; U. S. vs. Winter; U. S. vs. Jenther, 13 Bhitch., 333, .335.) Sec. 1231. Meaning of Words " Intended to be Conveyed by Mail." — The fact that any letter, packet, bag', or mail of letters has been dej^osited in any post-ofiice or branch post-office established b}' authority of the Post- master-General, or in any other authorized depository for mail-matter, or in charge of any jiostmaster, assistant clerk, carrier, agent, or mes- senger employed ill any departmentof the postal service, shall be evidence that the same was " intended to be conveyed by mail" within the mean- ing of the two preceding sections. (R. S., § 5408.) Sec. 1232. Penalty for Detaining Letters. — Any postmaster who shall unlawfully detain in his office any letter or other mail-matter, the iiost- ing of which is not prohibited by law, with intent to prevent the arrival and delivery of the same to the person to whom it is addressed, shall be punishable by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, and by imprisonment for not more than six months, and he shall be forever thereafter incapable of holding the office of postmaster. (R. S., § 3890.) Sec. 1233. Penalty for Detaining, Opening, or Destroying Letters. — Any person employed in any department of the postal service, who shall unlawfully detain, delay, or open any letter, packet, bag, or mail of let- ters intrusted to him, or Avhich has come into his possession, and which was intended to be conveyed by mail, or carried or deliveretl by any mail-carrier, mail-messenger, route-agent, letter-carrier, or other person employed in any department of the postal service, or forwarded through 310 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATI0N8. or delivered from any i^ost-oSice or branch post-office established by authority of the Postmaster-General; or who shall secrete, embezzle, or destroy any such letter, packet, bdg, or mail of letters, although it does not contain any security for or assurance relating to money or other thing of value, shall be punishable by a fine of not more than five hun- dred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both. (R. S., § 3891.) Sec. 1234. Penalty for Intercepting or Secreting Letters. — Any person who shall take any letter, i^ostal card, or packet, although it does not contain any article of value or evidence thereof, out of a post-office or branch post-office, or from a letter or mail carrier, or which has been in any post-office or branch post-office or in the custody of any letter or mail carrier, before it has been delivered to the person to whom it was directed, with a design to obstruct the correspondence, or to pry into the business or secrets of another, or shall secrete, embezzle, or destroy the same, shall, for every such ofiense, be punishable by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment at hard labor for not more than one year, or by both. (R. S., § 3892.) See U. S. IS. Bond. 2 Curtis, 265; U. S. vs. Lancaster, *2 McLean, 431. Sec. 1235. Stealing or Fraudulently Obtaining Mail, Opening Valuable Let- ters. — Any person who shall steal the mail, or steal or take from or out of any mail or post-office, brancli post-office, or other authorized de- pository for mail-matter, any letter or jiacket ; any i)ersou who shall take the mail, or anj^ letter or packet therefrom, or from any post-office, branch post-office, or other authorized depository for mail-matter, with or without the consent of the person having custody thereof, and open, embezzle, or destroj"" any such mail, letter, or package which shall con- tain any note, bond, draft, check, warrant, revenue-stamp, jiostage-stamp, stamped envelope, money-order, certificate of stock, or other pecuniary obligation or security of the Government, or of any officer or fiscal agent thereof, of any description whatever; any bank-note, bank post-bill, bill of exchange, or note of assignment of stock in the funds; any letter of attorney for receiving annuities or dividends, selling stock in the funds, or collecting the interest thereof; any letter of credit, note, bond, war- rant, draft, bill, promissory note, covenant, contract, or agreement what- soever, for or relating to the payment or the delivery of anj^ article of value, or the performance of any act, matter, or thing ; any receipt, release, acquittance, or discharge of or from any debt, covenant, or de- mand, or any part thereof; any copy of the record of any judgment or decree in any court of law or chancery, or any execution which may have issued thereon ; any copy of any other record, or any other article of value, or any writing representing the same; any person who shall, by fraud or deception, obtain, from any person having custody thereof, any such mail, letter, or packet containing any such article of value shall, although not employed in the postal service, be punishable by TITLE IX — CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS. 311 imprisonment at hard labor for not less than one year and not more tliun five years. (11. S., §5409. See also li. S,, §55.'i.j.) TluH section doe* not look bey<»iul a i>o.ssc'Ssiou of letters obtained \crongfuUy from tlic post-oftice or from a mail-carrier. After tho voluntary teruiiuatitm of the custody of a letter by tho post-otHce or its ajjentij the riylits of tho real proprietor of the letter are under tho guardianship of the local law and uot of that of the United States U. S. vs. Parsons, 2 Blatch., 104. To constitute a post-office under this section, the place where the business of keep- ing, forwarding, and distributing mailable matter is conducted need not bo a building set apart for that use, or any apartment or room in a building ; but, according to the extent of the business done, may bo a desk, or a trunk, or box, carried about a house or from one building to another. (Tho United States vs. Marselis, 2 Blatch., 108.) A decoy letter, containing nionej', mailed for the purpose of entrapping a clerk in a post-office, etc., is within this section. (U. S. vs. CoUingham, 2 Blatch., 470. Vide also U. S. vs. Pond, 2 Curtis's C. C, 265; U. S. vs. Lauder, 6 McLean, 598; U. S. vs. Fisher, 2 McLean, 23.) Sec. 1236. Receiving Articles Stolen from the Mails. — ^Any person who shall buy, receive, or conceal, or aid in buying, receiving, or concealing, any note, bond, draft, check, warrant, revenue-stamp, postagestamj), stami^ed envelope, postal card, money-order, certificate of stock, or other pecuniary obligation or security of the government, or of any officer or fiscal agent thereof, of any description whatever ; any bank-note, bank post-bill, bill of exchange, or note of assignment of stock in the funds ; any letter of attorney for receiving annuities or dividends, selling stock in the funds, or collecting the interest thereof; any letter of credit, note, bond, warrant, draft, bill, promissory note, covenant, contract, or agree- ment whatsoever, for or relating to the payment of money or the delivery of any article of value, or the performance of any act, matter, or thing ; any receipt, release, acquittal, or discharge of or from any debt, cove- nant, or demand, or any part thereof; any coi)y of the record of any judgment or decree in any court of law or chancery, or any execution which may have issued thereon any copy of any other record; or any other article of value or writing representing the same, knowing any such article or thing to have been stolen or embezzled from the mail, or out of any post-office, branch i)ost-office, or other authorized depository for mail-matter, or from any person having custody thereof, shall be punishable by a line of not more than two thousand dollars, and by imiirisonment at hard labor for not more than five years. (R. S., § 5470.) See U. S. vs. Hardyman, 13 Pet., 176. Sec. 1237. Stealing, Detaining, or Destroying Newspapers. — Any person employed in any department of the postal service who shall improperly detain, delay, embezzle, or destroy any newspaper, or permit any other X)erson to detain, delay, embezzle, or destroy the same, or open, or per- mit any other per.son to open, any mail or package of newspapers not directed to the office where he is employed, shall be punishable by a fine of not more than fifty dollars. And if any other person shall open, embezzle, or destroy any mail or package of newspapers not being directed to him, and he uot being authorized to open or receive the same, 312 POSTAL LAWS AND KEGULATIONS. lie shall be punishable by a fine of not more than twenty dollars. And any person who shall take or steal any mail or x>ackage of newspapers from any post-oftice, or from any person having custody thereof, shall be imprisoned at hard labor for not more than three months. (R. S., § 5471.) Sec. 1238. Robbery of the Mail. — Any person who shall rob any carrier, agent, or other person intrusted with the mail, of such mail, or any part thereof, shall be j)unishable by imprisonment at hard labor for not less than five years and not more than ten years ; and if convicted a second time of a like offense, or if, in effecting such robbery the first time, the robber shall wound the person having custody of the mail, or put his life in jeopardy by the use ot dangerous weapons, such offender shall be punishable by imprisonment at hard labor for the term of his natiu^al life. (E. S., § 5472.) Sec. 1239. Attempting to rob the Mail. — Any person who shall attempt to rob the mail bj^ assaulting the person having custody thereof, shoot- ing at him or his horse, or threatening him with dangerous weajions, and shall not effect such robbery, shall be punishable by imprisonment at hard labor for not less than two years and not more than ten years (E. S., § 547.3.) Sec. 1240. Deserting the Mail. — Any person who shall have taken charge of the mail and shall voluntarily quit or desert the same before he has delivered it into the post-ofdce at the termination of the route, or to some known mail-carrier, messenger, agent, or other employe of the Post-Ofl&ce Department authorized to receive the same, shall be punish- able by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, and by imprison- ment for not less than three months nor more than one year. (E. S., § 5474.) Sec. 1241. Stealing Post-Office Property. — Any person who shall steal, jiurloin, or embezzle an.y mail-bag or other property in use by or belong- ing to the Post-OfiSce Department, or who shall, for any lucre, gain, or convenience, appropriate any such property to his own or any other than its proper use, or who shall, for any lucre or gain, convey away any such property to the hinderance or detriment of the public service ; if the value of the property be twenty-five dollars or more, the offender shall be punished by imprisonment at hard labor for not more than three years, and if the value of the property be less than twenty-five dollars, the offender shall be punishable by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by a fine of not less than ten dollars and not more than two hundred dollars. (E. S., § 5475.) Sec. 1242. Injuring Mail-Bags, etc. — Any person who shall tear, cnt, or otherwise injure any mail-bag, pouch, or other tiling used or designed for use in the conveyance of the mail, or who shall draw or break any staple, or loosen any part of any lock, chain, or strap attached thereto, with intent to rob or steal any sucli mail, or to render the same insecure, shall be punishable by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars and TITLE IX — CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS. 313 not more tliiin five hundred, or by imprisonment at hard labor for not less tliaii one y«'ar and not more tlian throe years. (K. S., § 547(5.) Sec. 1243. Stealing or Forging Mail Locks or Keys. — If any ])-, ])arloiuin^, euibezzlinjjf, or obtaininj^ by any folse pretense, any key snited to any lock adopted by the Post-Office ])epartment and in nseon any of the mails or bags tliereof; any person who shall knowingly and nulawfuUy make, forge, or connterfeit, or cause to be unlawfully made, forged or counterfeited, or knowingly aid or assist in making, forging or counterfeiting any sueh key; any person who shall have in his possession any such mail lock or key, with the intent unlawfully or improperly to use, sell, or otherwise dispose of the same, or cause the same to be unlawfully or iinproperly used, sold, or otherwise disposed of; or any person engaged as contractor or other- wise in the manufacture of any such mail locks or keys, who shall de- liver, or cause to be delivered, any finished or unfinished lock or key used or designed for use by the Department, or the interior part of any such lock, to any person not duly authorized, under the hand of the Post- master-General and the seal of the Post-Office Department, to receive the same, unless the person receiving is the contractor for furnishing the same, or engaged in the manufacture thereof in the manner author- ized by the contract, or the agent for such manufacturer, shall be pun- ishable by imprisonment at hard labor for not more than ten years. (R. S., § 5477.) Sec. 1244. Breaking and Entering Post-Office. — Any person who shall forcibly break into, or attempt to break into any post-office, or any building used in whole or in ixirt as a post-office, with intent to commit therein larceny or other depredation, shall be punishable by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars and by imprisonment at hard labor for not more than five years. (R. S., § 5478.) Sec. 1245. Counterfeiting Bid, Bond, etc. — If any person shall fjilsely make, alter, forge, or counterfeit, or cause or procure to be falsely made, altered, forged, or counterfeited, or willingly aid or assist in the false making, altering, forging, or counterfeiting any bond, bid, proposal, guarantee, security, official bond, public record, affidaWt, or other writ- ing, for the purjiose of defrauding the United States ; or shall utter or publish as true, or cause to be uttered or published as true, any such false, forged, altered, or counterfeited bond, bid, proposal, guarantee, security, official bond, public record, affida%at, or other writing, for the purpose of defrauding the United States, knowing the same to be false, forged, altered, or counterfeited ; or shall transmit to or present at, or cause [to] [or] procure to be transmitted to or jiresented at, the office of any officer of the United States, any such false, forged, altered, or counter- feited bond, bid, proposal, guarantee, security, official bond, public record, affida^^t, or other writing, knowing the same to l>e false, forged, altered, or counterfeited, for the purpose of defrauding the United 314 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. States, shall be punishable by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment at hard labor for not more than ten years, or by both saeh punishments. (R. S., § 5479; see, also, E. S., § 5418.) Sec. 1246. Sending Letters Through the Mails with Intent to Defraud. — If any person having devised or intending to devise any scheme or artifice to defraud, or be effected by either opening or intending to open correspondence or communication with any other person, whether resi- dent within or outside of the United States, by means of the Post-Office Establishment of the United States, or by inciting such other person to open communication with the person so devising or mtending, shall, in and for executing such scheme or artifice, or attempting so to do, place any letter or packet in any post-ofiice of the United States, or take or receive any therefrom, such person so misusing the Post-OfiQce Estab- lishment shall be punishable by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, and by imprisonment for not more than eighteen months, or by both such punishments. The indictment, information, or complaint may severally charge offences to the number of three when committed within the same six calendar months ; but the court thereupon shall give a single sentence, and shall proportion the punishment especially to the degree in which the abuse of the Post-Ofiice Establishment enters as an instrument into such fraudulent scheme or device. (R. S., § 5480.) See also sections 875 and 1043, Postal Laws and Regulations. Sec. 1247. Accessory to Robbery of the Mail. — Every accessory after the fact to any robbery of the carrier, agent, or other person intrusted with the mail, of such mail, or of any part thereof, shall be fined not more than two thousand dollars, and be imi^risoned at hard labor not more than ten years. (R. S., § 5434.) Sec. 1248. Accessory to Stealing Mail-Matter — Every accessory after the fact to the offense of stealing or taking any letter or other mail-matter, or any inclosure therein, shall be fined not more than one thousand dob lars, and be imprisoned not more than five years. (R. S., § 5435.) Sec. 1249. Willfully Neglecting to Deposit Postal Revenues — Any oificer, agent, postmaster, clerk, or other person employed in any branch of the postal service having temporary custody of any money taken from dead- letters; any money derived from the sale of waste paper or other public 13ro]3erty of the Post-Ofl&ce Department ; or any money derived from any other source which by law is part of the postal revenues, who shall willfully neglect to deposit the same in the Treasury of, the United States, or in some other depository authorized to receive the same, shall be deemed guilty of embezzlement, and be subject to a fine of not more than double the sum so retained, or to imprisonment for not more than three years, or both. And any person intrusted by law with the sale of postage-stamps or stamped envelopes, who shall refuse or neglect to ac- count for the same, or who shall pledge or hypothecate or unlawfully dispose of them, for any purpose whatever, shall be deemed guilty of embezzlement, and shall be punishable by like fine and imprisonment as TITLE IX CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS. 315 are provided in this section for the embezzlement of money. (R. S., § 40.~.;{.) Sec. 1250. Fraudulent Receipts of Postage. — If any postmaster, or other persons jiiitlioriyAMl by the I'ostiiiiistcr-Gencral to receive th<; i)«)staj,'e of letters, shallfniutlulcntly demand or receive any rate of posta;j;e or ;frutuity or reward other than is provided by this section for the ])osta^e of letters or pa(!kets, he shall be i)unishable by a fine of one hundred dollars. (R. S., §38im.) Sec. 1251. Painting upon Vessels, etc., the Words <' United States Mail." — Any person who shall paint, print, or in any manner place upon or at- tach to any steand)oat or other vessel, or any stage-coach or other vehicle, not actually used in carrying the mail, the words " United States mail," or any words, letters, or characters of like import; or any per.son who shall give notice, by publishing in any newspaper or otherwise, that any steamboat or other vessel, or any stage-coa<;h or other vehicle, is used in carrying the mail, when the same is not actually so used, every person so oftending, or willfully aiding or abetting therein, shall, for every such oft'ense, be punishable by line of not less than one hundred dollars, nor more than live hundred dollars. (R. S., § 3979.) Sec. 1252. Penalty for Using, Washing, Selling Canceled Stamps. — Any person who shall use, or attempt to use, in payment of postage, any canceled postage-stami) or postage-stamps, whether the same have been before used or not, or who shall by any means remove, or attempt to re- move, or assist in removing, marks from any i)ostage-stamp or postage- stamps, with intent to use the same in paymeutof postage, or Mho know- ingly shall have in his possession any postage-stamp or i^ostage-stamps canceled, with intent to use the same, or from which such cancellation marks have been removed, or who shall sell or offer to sell anj' such stamp or stamps, or who shall use or attempt to use the same in payment of postage, or who shall remove the superscrii)tion from any stamped en- velope or postal card that has once been used in the payment of postage, with intent to again use the same for a like purpose, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, aud shall, on couviction thereof, be puuished by iuiprisonment for not less than six months nor more than one year , or by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars for each offense, or by both such flue aud imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. (Act of March 3, 1879, § 28 ; 20 Stat., p. 362.) Any person employed in any branch of the postal service who shall willfully and unlawfully remove from any mail-matter any postage-stamp affixed thereto in payment of the postage, shall be i^unishable by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars, or by imiirisonmeut for not more than six months. (R. S., 3922.) Any person who shall use or attempt to use, inpayment of the postage on any mail-matter conveyed by mail or otherwise, any postage-stamp or stamped envelope, or any stamp cut from any such stamped envelope, 316 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. which has been before used for a like purpose, shall be liable to a penalty of fifty dollars. (R. S., § 3923.) If any person emploj^ed in any department of the Post-Ofiftce Estab- lishment of the United States shall willfully and knowingly use, or cause to be used, in jirepayment of postage, any postage-stamp, postal card, or stamped euvelope issued, or which may hereafter be issued, byauthority of an act of Congress, or of the Postmaster-General, which has already been once used for a like purpose, or shall remove, or attempt to remove, the canceling or defacing marks from any such postage-stamp, or stamped envelope, or postal card, with intent to use or cause the use of the same a second time, or to sell, or offer to sell, the same, or shall remove from letters or other mail matter deposited in or received at a post-office the stamps attached to the same in payment of postage with intent to use the same a second time for a like purpose, or to sell, or offer to sell, the same, every such offender shall be deemed guilty of felony, and shall be imprisoned for not less than one year nor more than three years. (R. S. § 3924.) If any person not employed in any department of the Post-Oflfice Establishment of the United States shall commit any of the offenses de- scribed in the preceding section, every such person shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be punishable by imprisonment for not less than six months nor more than one year, or by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, for each offense, or by both. (R. S., § 3925.) Sec. 1253. Aiding or Abetting in Trading in Obscene Literature, etc. — Whoever, being an officer, agent, or employe of the Government of the United States, shall knowingly aid or abet any person engaged in any violation of any of the provisions of law prohibiting importing, adver- tising, dealing in, exhibiting, or sending or receiving by mail, obscene or indecent publications, or representations, or means for preventing conception or procuring abortion, or other articles of indecent or im- moral use or tendency, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall for every offense be punishable by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars and not more than five thousand, or by imprisonment at hard labor for not less than one year nor more than ten, or both. (R. S., § 1785; see sections 225 and 228, Postal Laws and Regulations.) TITLE X. POSTAL ANO OFFICIAL TELEGRAMS. Sec. 1254. Telegraph conipauies granted right of way over public racticablc rout*" of tbc ronipany trauBuiittiug tlic uicssaf^c uliall iu all cascH bo tbc Ijanin of computation. It", in cou\piitinf{ circuits, tlicrc shall he found one or niorc circuits and a fraction of a circuit, such fraction shall he deemed a circuit. If a connnunicatiou shall he sent rt distance loss than five hundred milcB, that dis- tance shall he deemed a circuit. All words of the comnuinication transmitted are to be counted, exccirting the date and place at which such couununicati beliered that, with few exceptions, the holding of two such officea by the same person is incompatible with a due and faithful discharge of the duties of either office; that it frequently gives rise to great inconvenience, and often results in detriment to the public service, and moreover is not in harmony with the genius of the government: In view of the premises, therefore, the President has deemed it proper thus and hereby to give public notice that, from and after the fourth day of March, A. D. 187;], except as herein specified, persons holding any Federal civil office by appointment under the Constitution and laws of the United States will be expected, while holding such office, not to accept or hold any office nnder any State or Territorial government, or under the charter or ordinances of any municipal corporation ; and, further, tha* the acceptance or continued holding of any such State, Territorial, or municipal office, whether elective or by appointment, by any person holding civil office, as aforesaid',, nnder the Government of the United States, other than judicial offices under the Con- stitution of the United States, will be deemed a vacation of the Federal office held by such person, and will be taken to be, and will be, ti'eated as a resignation by such Federal officer of his commission or appointment in the service of the United States.. The officer of justices of the peace, of notaries ]>ublic, and of commissioners to take the acknowledgment of deeds, or bail, or to administer oaths, shall not be deemed witliiu the imrview of this order, and are excepted from its operation, and may Ije held by Federal officers. The appointment of deputy marshal of the United States maybe conferred n]»on sheritts or deputy sheriffs ; and deputy postniastei-s, the emolu- ments of whoso office do not exceed $600 per annum, are also excepted from the operations of this order, and may accept and hold appointments under State, Terri- torial, or municipal authority, provided the same be found not to interfere with the discharge of their duties a^s postmaster. Heads of Departments and other officei-s of the government who have the appointment of subordinate officers are reqtiired to take sa 21 PL 322 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. notice of this order, and to see to tlie enforcement of its provisions and terms within the sjihere of their respective Departments or offices, and as relates to the several persons holding appointments nnder them respectively. By order of the President : HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State. Washingtox, January 17, 1873. Note. — The President has modified the above order so as not to apply to post-offices the salary of which is less than .$1,000. 2. who are extitled to hold state and municipal offices under the order of the president. Department of State, Washington^ D. C, January 28, 1873. Inquiries having been made from various quarters as to the application of the Ex- ecvitive order issued on the 17th of January, relating to the h(dding of State and municipal offices by persons holding civil offices under the Federal government, the President directs the following reply to be made : It has been asked whether the order prohibits a Federal officer from holding also the office of au alderman, or of a common councilman in a city, or of a town council- man of a town or village, or of appointment under city, town, or village governments. By some it has been suggested that there may be distinction made in case the office be held with or without salary or compensation. The city or town officers of the description referred to, by whatever names they may be locally known, whether held by election or by appointment, and whether with or Avithout salary or compensation, are of the class which the Executive order intends not to be held by persons holding Federal offices. It has been asked whether the order prohibits Federal officers from holding positions on boards of education, school committees, public libraries, religious or eleemosynary institutions, incoii)orated or established or sustained by State or municipal authority. Positions and service on such boards or committees and professorships in colleges are not regarded as "offices" within the contemplation of the Executive order, but as employments or service in which all good citizens may engage without incompat- ibility, and in many cases without necessary interference with any position which they may hold under the Federal Government. Officers of the Federal Government may, therefore, engage in such service, provided the attention required by such em- ployment floes not interfere with the regular and official discharge of the duties of their office under the Federal Government. The head of the department under whom the Federal office is held will in all cases be the sole judge whether or not the employ- ment does thus interfere. The question has also been asked with regard to the officers of the State militia. Congress having exercised the power conferred by the Constitution to provide for organizing the militia, which is liable to be called forth to be employed in the service of the United States, and is thus in some sense under the control of the General Gov- ernment, and is, moreover, of the great^^st value to the public, the Executive order of 17th January is not considered as prohibiting Federal officers from being officers of the militia in the States and Teiritories. It has been asked whether the order prohibits persons holding office under the Fed- eral Government being members of local or municipal iiro departnuuits ; also, whether it applies to mechanics employed by the day in the armoiies, arsenals, and navy-yards. &c., of the United States. Unpaid service in local or municipal lire departments is not regarded as an office within the intent of the Executive order, and may be i)erformed by Federal officers, TITLE XI — EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 323 providi'd it docs not iiitorfcrc with tlio rf<;iiliir and otTlcii-nt. discliar;jo of tlio duties of the Federal olliec, of wliiidi the head of the department mider which tlie ollice is hehl will in each case bo the judge. Employment by the day us mechanics or laborers in the armories, arsenals, navy- yards, &c., does not constitute an ofiico of any kind, and thos<; thus employeerly stamped, has been deposited in the office for delivery, and the person to whom it is addressed requests that it should be forwarded to an- other office under that request, the character of a drop-letter is entirely lost to it, and it assumes the character of a letter deposited "for mailing" without any stamp for that purpose. The stamp affixed to it when deposited was so affixed in order that it should be received for the purpose of delivery only, and was not intended to be, nor was, available for anj' other purpose. If the request "to forward" is to be gratified, it can only be by the prepayment of the postage proper to be chargtid on a letter deposited to be transmitted through tbe mails to the address contained in the request. The comprehensive terms of the lt>9th section are well calculated to mislead if read without regard to other parts of the Code. The terms of the 19Dth section are, " That prepaid and free letters shall be forwarded from one post-office to another at the TITLE XII OPINIONS. 327 rpqucst of till' i)arty addressed without additional charge for postage." It is evident, however, for iiiauy reasons, notwitlistainlinj^ the eoinpreheusivcness of its terms, tliat this section was not intended to apply to drop-letters. In the; lirst jilaee, the lan^^najje of the seetion clearly implies that the letter to he forwanled under its i»rovisions lias heen already carried through the mails from one post-olHee to another, and that post- age for that service has heen jiaid. But inasmuch as the prei)ayment of one full rate of postage entitles the sender to have his letter carried through the lUiiils anywhere where the mails are carried, the right so purchased is not exhausted under the i)ro- visions of this section until it reached not only the destination which the sender has given to it, hut also that further destinatitm which may he given to it hy the person to whom it is addressed. But the prepayment to which this right is incident is that which would have carried the forwarded letter to its last destination if it had been so directed when deposited for mailing. The i)Ostage on a drop-letter it is true must be prepaid, and to that extent it falls within the general terms of a prepaid letter, but the prepayment is not such as would entitle the depositor to have it carried beyond the bounds of delivery of the othce where deposited, or even to be put into the mails. In the language of the acts of 1855 and 1863 it is placed in the office " not for transmission through the mails." Hence it cannot be held or considered to be embraced within that class of prepay- ments to which the right is incident to have the letter carried any and every where where letters are carried through the mails; and that is the prepayment which is clearly contemplated in the 199th section. Again, from all the provisions of the code relating to this subject, we can come to uo other conclusion than that it was the intention of the law that no letter should be carried through the mails from one post-office to another except upon tlie prepaj'nient by stamps of three cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof, and yet, by a con- struction different from that which I have given, a letter deposited in an office "/or delivery only " may be carried across the continent for a postage-stamp of one cent ; for if a drop letter on which one cent postage by stamp has been paid, at an office where there is uo free delivery, is a prepaid letter, embraced within the intendment of the 199th section, then, on the request of the person to whom the letter is addressed, it must be forwarded " without additional postayc" to any office he may direct. This was clearly not intended by the law. For these reasons, I can see no error in the action of the postmaster at Washington in treating the letters, of which the envelopes covering them are before me, as drop letters, not entitled, by any postage which might have been paid on them as such, to he transmitted through the mails, and if transmitted after their official receipt as drop letters at the request of the person to whom they are addressed to another post-office, the postage directed by law to be prepaid on letters deposited for "mailing" must be charged and prepaid on them. I herewith return the letter of Mr. Bennett, with the accomj)anying envelopes, sent with your couuuuuicatiou. Very respectfully, T. A. SPENCE, Assistant Attorney-General Post-Office Department. Hon. John A. J. Creswell, Postmaster-General. 328 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. [Number (11) Two.] Delivery of Letters. Effect of Injunction of State Court. Office of the Assistant Attorney-General FOR the Post-Office Department, Washington, August 11, 1873. Sir : I have carefully esamineLl the papers transmitted for my consideration with your communication of August 1. From those papers I infer the following facts : Alvan W. Chase, being the proprietor of the copyright of a book which he had published, and a large steam-printing house, in August 1839, for a valuable consideration sold the said copyright and steam-print- ing house to Rice A. Beal ; and in the contract of sale, among other agreements, the said Chase contracted with the said Beal "that all letters and packages that should thereafter be received at the post-office in said city of Ann Arbor, addressed to the paid Chase, whether registered or otherwise, and not having the description by num- ber of his private box, should be delivered to the said Beal;" that the postmaster at the said city of Ann Arbor, having knowledge of the said sale and contract, did, from the time of his appointment to the said office in June, 1870, to September, 1872, deliver to the said Beal all letters and packages addressed to the said Chase, not having thereon the description, by number, of the private box of the said Chase in the said office ; that in the month of September, 1872, the said Chase, by his written order, di- rected the said postmaster, after the date of the said order, to wit, September 19, 1872, to place all letters addressed to him in his box, unless there was something in the ad- dress of the letter to indicate that it was intended for the publisher of Dr. Chase's recipes or the proprietor of Dr. Chase's steam-printing house ; and thereafter, in compliance with said order, the said postmaster placed in the letter-box of the said Chase, to be deliv- ered to him, or his order, all letters adtlressed to him, as by the said order directed. That the said Rice A. Beal subsequently, after the order aforesaid of the said Chase to the said postmaster, filed in the circuit court of Washtenaw County, in the State of Michigan, his bill of complaint against the said Alvan W. Chase and others, with a prayer for an iujunctiou. The circuit court for Washtenaw County, on the filing of the said bill of complaint, ordered a writ of injunction as prayed, and, amongst other restraints therein, enjoined the said defendants " from taking or receiving from the post-office in the city of Ann Arbor any letter or letters that may be received at said office addressed to the said Alvan W. Chase which shall not have upon them a des- ignation of the number of said Chase's private letter-box at said office, or in any man- ner interfering to prevent the delivery of the same to the said complainant, Rice A. Beal, at said post-office ;" that the defendants, after service of the said writ of injunc- tion, without having filed a plea or answer to the said bill, but upon affidavits which they filed to be read at the hearing of the motion, moved the court to dissolve the in. junction. The motion to dissolve the injunction was heard and considered, and was denied. The court in denying the motion passed the following order : "The motion to dissolve the injunction is therefoio denied, and it is ordered that the modification of the same, as ordered on the 21st of July instant, be, and is hereby, set aside and held for nought, and that the injunction do stand in full force and effect as originally granted, without modification or alteration, iintil the coming in of the defendant's answer to said bill of complaint, and until the fui'ther order of this court) except that the said defendant. Chase, shall not be prevented by said injunction from taking from the post-otfice any and all letters directed tohimself or family which shall be designated by the number of his post-office box, 351, written thereon." Rice A. Beal, under his purchase from, and contract with, Alvan W. Chase, herein- before stated, and this order of the court, now demands of the postmaster at the city of Ann Arbor the letters and packages received at his office addressed to the said TITLE XII OPINIONS. 329 Chase " which shall uot be desiguateil by the number of bin post-offlce box, 351, written thereon." Under these facts the postmaster at the city of Ann Arbor, in liis b-tter afrompany- ing your conuiiiiiiiiatioii, asks the roHtiiuiHttT-Goiu'ral to b(^ inroniicd of bis duty iu the preinist's; to whom lie shall deliver, or what disposition be shall make of tlio letters addresseil to Alvan W. Chase, and now demanded by Kiec A. Keal. After a careful examination of all the facts presented, I can find nothing that would relieve the postmaster from his duty, as clearly and e.xplicitly stated in the r)8th ane porinittoy ]>rivato exj)reHs or other unlawful means, or d«»- liver to any ii;;ent of siuli unlawful exjiress, or ilejiosit, or cause to be dejiosited, at Jiny appointed place, for the ])nrj»ose of being transmitte«l, any letter or ])acket, and W every such oft'enso the party so offending shall forfeit and pay fifty ilollars," for any consideration of the saving of postage to him for the violation. Much less could it be allowed an officer of a Department to violate the same law for a similar consideration, especially in view of the fiict that Congress has provided so lilx-rally by appropriation for the payment of the postage of the several Departnu-nts. It may not be improper in this conimtinication to notice a matter intimately con- nected with this subject, although iu)t directly responsive to the question projtounded in the letter of the Secretary of War. It was the purpose of the 228th, 229tli, 'I.VHh, and 2:Ust sections of the act of June 8, 1872, to prevent, ]»y penal enactments, the transmission of mailable matter of the first class (all correspondence wholly or ]>artly in Avriting) by express or other unlawful means. By the 134th section of th(^ same act, it is provided that " jyackuf/es weighing more than four pounds shall not be re- ceived for conveyance by mail." The term packar/c in this section, and throughout the law, appears to l)e used in a diflerent sense and with a different intendment from the term "packet" found in the sections above referred to. The latter is restricted to mailable matter of the first class ; the former is used throughout the law as applicable to mailable matter of the second and third classes. And inasmuch as mailable matter of the second and third classes, under the restrictions of the 134th section, cannot be received into the mails when each of the several proper mailable parcels of such matter, made up in a package, exceeds four pounds in weight, such packages are not within the contemplation of the Postal Code, and may be sent by express, or in any other manner, without a violation of law ; but the 134th section not being applicable to mailable matter of the first class, all matter of that class can be conveyed through the mails without regard to its weight, and all the inhibitions of the several sections of the Postal Code, prohibiting its transmission by express or other unlawful means, apply to it. Very respectfully, yours, &c., T. A. SPENCE, Assistant Attoniey-General, Post-Office Department. Hon. John A. J. Creswell, Postmaster-Genei'al. [Number (24) Four.] Production of Letters before a Court under Process Duces Tecum. Office of the Assistant Attorney-Gener.\l, FOR THE PoST-OfFICE DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. C, January 24, 1874. Sir : My opinion is asked as to the duty of the postmaster at Greeusburgh, in the State of Indiana, under the following circumstances : There is in the post-office at Greeusburgh, in the said State of Indiana, a letter ad- dressed to Sally Covert ; that fact having come to the knowledge of a certain William Den wood, and he desiring to know and be informed of its contents, and to ol)tainthe information, in.stituted suit in the circuit court of Decatur County, in the State afore- said, against a certain Nicholas Howard, and caused sul)i)a>ua to be is.sued out of the court in which the said suit was brought, commanding the sheriff of said county to summon George H. Dunu (the postmaster at Greeusburgh) to produce on the trial a 332 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. letter in his possession addressed to Sallie Covert, Greensburgli, Indiana, and to ap- pear before the said court to testify in tlie said suit. The subpoena has been served in due form of law on the said George H. Dunn. From the subpcena it appears that George H. Dunn has been summoned as an indi- vidual, not as an officer, to produce in court a letter which he has in his possession addressed to Sallie Covert. If he has in his possession as an individual, and not in his official character as postmaster, a letter addressed to Sallie Covert, it will be his duty to obey the summons of the court imj)Iicitly ; but if the letter sought to be ob- tained is in the post-office at Greensburgh as proper mail-matter, and he is summoned as postmaster, having charge of the said office, to take the letter from the office to pro- duce the same before the circuit court for Decatur County, to be used as evidence, or for any other purpose, he should respectfully decline to obey the summons. The let- ler addressed to Sallie Covert, having through the mails reached its destination, according to its address, at the post-office at Greensburgh, it is then, until delivered to the person to whom it is addressed or disposed of as the postal laws and regula- tions direct, in the custody of the Post-Office Department of the government, by its agent or representative, the postmaster of the office. His custody or jjossession of the mail-matter in the office is purely representative, not personal; and his duties as the representative are clearly and distinctly defined by the laws and regulations gov- erning the postal service. They are to him his only rule of conduct. No mandate or order of any tribunal, judicial or otherwise, directing or commanding him to disobey or disregard them, or to act in contravention to them, will justify him in so doing, or excuse or protect him from any and all penalties which would follow the violation of his official duties. The government, in receiving the letter addressed to Sallie Covert in the mails, un- dertook to carry that letter to its destination at the office of delivery, and there to deliver it to the person to whom it is addressed without unnecessary detention or de- lay. Any act which would or might detain or delay the delivery to the person to whom the letter is addressed would not only be a default in the undertaking, but would be ou the part of the postu)aster a palpable violation of the Postal Code, for which offense, according to its gravity, the punishment of fine and imprisonment is provided by law. The post-office at the office of delivery is the only proper place of custody of mail-matter until it is delivered; and a postmaster cannot be justified in taking letters from the post-office for any purpose otlier than for delivery to the person addressed, except in exceptional cases, for greater security. The postmaster at Greensburgh, in obeying the summons of the circuit court for De- catur County to produce this letter before it for the purposes of evidence, would not only violate his duty as to the proper custody of the letter before its delivery, but he would further violate the plain letter of the law in doing an act naturally tending to detain and delay the delivery of the letter. The circuit court for Decatur County can- not properly interfere with the postmaster at Greensburgh in the lawful and proper discharge of his official duties, nor require him to do that which would violate in their letter or their spirit the laws and regulations relating to the Post-Office Depart- ment. The court may exercise its jurisdiction over individuals, but not to couti"ol the offi- cers of the government to a violation of the laws relating to their office. It may, in the proper exercise of its jurisdiction, restrain au individual to whom a letter is ad- dressed from taking it from the post-office, or, if the letter luis been delivered, and thereby all connection of the government with it, or relating to it, toriuinated, the court may then exercise its jurisdiction to compel its j)rod action before it, in whose- soever possession it may be found. But it may be, and probably is, alleged that the address "Sallie Covert " is fictitious, and that the letter under that address is intended for the wife of the plaintitf in this action, William Denwood. If such an allegation w.as true, it might and would affect the duties of the postmaster as to its disposition, but none the more justify him in TITLE XII — OPINIONS. 333 obeying the sninmons of the conrt which has been nerved on him. If the addresH is fictitinuH, there is no person to whom it can be delivered, and his dnty in relation to it is clearly delined by the rejjiilations of the Department. He must return it at the end of the month to the Doad-Lotter OHlce, there to he disposed of as jirovided by the laws relating to and the rejjalations of the Department. I would, tlierofore, advise that the postmaster at Groensburg be instructed to appear in person before the circuit court of Decatur County on the day named in the writ of sunmions, but not produce before it the letter which by the said writ he is ordered to produce; and that, if retiuired, he should purge himself of any alleged contempt of the conrt by the statement that the letter mentioned in the writ is in his custody, not as an individual, but as an officer of the government, and that he cannot obey the summons of the court without violating the laws relating to and the rules and regulations of the Post-Office Deiiartment. Very respectfully, yours, T. A. SPENCE, Assistant Attorney-General Post-Office Department. Hon. John A. J. Creswell, rostmaster-General. [Number (26) Five.] Letter-Boxes. Letters Addressed to Fictitious Names ; How Disposed of. Office of the Assistant Attorney-General FOR the POST-OfFICE DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. C, February 4, 1874. Sir: An opinion on the facts presented by the application of Dr. John M. Dagnall "to have delivered to him a large number of letters addressed to Nathaniel Mayfair, P. O. bos 153, Brooklyn, N. Y.," which have been sent by the postmaster at Brooklyn to the Dead-Letter Office of the Department, requires a review of the laws and postal regulations relating to the jiurpose and use of letter-boxes, the delivery of letters, and the use of a fictitious address on mailable matter. While letter-boxes are frequently recognized in the Postal Code as a proper part of postal facilities, and as a source of postal revenues, they are never provided at the ex- pense of the Departments, " except when the building is owned by the United States." They may be and are provided by postmasters and indi\iduals. Boxes "put up" by postmasters are the private proj)erty of the postmasters, but the rents or revenues thereof must be paid over to the Department. Box-holders may provide lock-boxes or drawers for their own use at their own expense, which upon their erection become the property of the United States, subject to the direction and control of the Depart- ments, and for which a rent is expected equal to that of other boxes in the same office. A letter-box may be considered a particular space in the post office, which for a con- sideration is set apart for the exclasive use of an individual for the greater facility of the person to whom it is assigned in receiving his mail-matter, and to be a source of revenue to the Department. Its use is subject to and controlled l)y the regulations of the Department, which have been framed and adopted with a proper regard to the purposes for which it is allowed to be and is erected. For the convenience of the person renting a box, he is entitled to have put in it the letters of his family, firm, or company, and those of his friends stopping temporarily with him, if directed to his care or the number of his box ; but to protect the revenues of the Dep.artment it is provided, that letters addressed to other persons residing in the same place, ai\d living and doing business separate and apart from a box-holder, should not be placed in the box. 334 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. In order to protect the revenues aud to prevent the improper use of the privilege of box-holders, postmasters should use proper care that none should have the jirivilege of the box except those to whom it is allowed under the regulations. In the exercise of this care, the difficulties and embarrassments that will most frequently occur to postmasters will be the disposition to be properly made of letters addressed to initials or fictitious names. This embarrassment may be removed by instructions from the renter of the box directing the jiostmaster that letters so addressed are intended for some of the persons who are allowed to have his or her letters put in his box. All the regulations of the Department in relation to the delivery of letters are framed with care to secure the certain delivery of the letters to the persons to whom they are addressed aud to none other. The Department may be relieved from the duty of delivering them directly to the person to whom they are addressed if the address directs them to be delivered at a designated place withiu the delivery of the office to which they are addressed. But the question may uot unfrequently be asked, Is a box in a post-office a designated place within the intendment of the term as used in the regulations of the Department, and in which letters addressed to fictitious persons, or firm.s, or to initials, or to no particular person or firm, aud, further, addressed to a box of particular number, can be placed ? I think not, in the absence of instructious from the renter of the box, satis- factory to the postmaster, that the letters so addressed are intended for some of the persons allowed under the rules to have their letters deposited in that particular box. If it was otherwise, the restrictions of the regulations to i)rotect the revenue of the Department would be unavailing, as the use of the box would be open to any one who desired to use it, and for that purpose would resort in their correspondence to the use of initials or fictitious names. When a letter is addressed only to a particular box in a post-office, the presumption is that it is intended for the person who rents the box ; but that presumption does not arise when, in addition to the address to the box, there is that of initials or names, which are not the initials or names of persons whose letters, under the regulations, are enti- tled or allowed to be put in the box. These remarks are not applicable to registerd letters. These regulations ^irovide that such letters "must never be delivered to any person but the one to whom they are addressed, or to a person whom the postmaster knows to be authorized to receive them. A receipt for each registered letter delivered must always appear on the sheets provided for that purjiose." In relation to the delivery of letters addressed to fictitious persons or firms, to initials? or to no particular person or firm, the 157th section of the regulations provides that "such letters must be returned at the end of each mouth to the Dead-Letter Office, unless directed to be delivered at a designated i^lace, or to the care of a certain person or firm, within the delivery of the office to which they are addressed." Such direction relieves the Department, in the delivery, from the emban'assment arising from the uncertainty of the address. The term used in this section of the regulations is "fictitious persons or finns," and is not applicable to firms or companies conducting a real and legitimate business under a style or name which is not that of any member of the firm or company, and for that reason might be termed a fictitious name. In such cases letters addressed to the firm or company by its style or name only can be properly delivered to any known member of it. The proper construction of this term of the regulation would limit its applica- tion to letters addressed to persons or firms having no real or business existence. It appears from the statements accompanying your communication that John M. Dagnall rented box No. 153, in the post-office at Brooklyn ; that a large number of letters addressed to "Nathaniel Mayfair, P. O. box 153, Brooklyn, N. Y.," arrived at the post-office at the city of Brooklyn for delivery. From this address the postmaster, in the absence of information to the contrary, •would properly presume that " Nathaniel Mayfair" was the name of a real aud not a TITLE XII — OPINIONS. 335 fictitious person, for whom the h-tters wore intciKlfd, aiul, ho jirosniiuii;^, couhl not put them for delivery in the box rented by John M. DugniiU until sjitislied that Natlmniel Mayfair, for whom the letters were intended, was a member of his family or a friend stopping temporarily with him. But, if against this presumption, he should be in- formed that "Nathaniel Mayfair" was a fictitions name, which John M. Dagnall had assumed for a presumed legitimate purpose in his correspondence, and that the letters HO addressed were intended for him, then the letters should be put in his box for de- livery to him, the address to the box being equal in all respects for the purpose of de- livery to an address to his care. The use of initials and fictitious names, as an address on letters to be sent through the mails for fraudulent and immoral purposes, is much to be deprecated, but they can be and are used extensively for legitimate and proper purposes, and in the ab- sence of express legislation directing it, no further or other restriction or limitation coi\l(l properly be imjiosed upon their use than that provided by a fair and i)roper construction of the 157th regulation hereinbefore referred to. There is nothing in your communication, aside from the suspicion T\hich attaches itself to the use of a tictitious name tinder any circumstances, tending to show that the letters uiuler the address of "Nathaniel Mayfair" were used for a purpose -\vliich should, under the law, exclude them from the mails ; and the statement of John M. Dagnall that "Nathaniel Mayfair" is a fictitious name for himself, that he has assumed in his correspondence for a legitimate purpose, and that statement being confirmed by the address to the box of which he is the renter, and other circumstaTices, I can see no impropriety in gratifying his reciuest "that the letters now in the Department ad- dressed to "Nathaniel Mayfair, P. O. box 153, Brooklyn," should be delivered to him as the person for whom they were intended. Resi>ectfully, yours, T. A. PPENCE, Assistant Attorney-General, Post-Office Department. Hon. JoHX A. J. Cheswell, Postniaster-Genei-al. [Number (83) Six.] Sureties upon Contracts. Their Liability, how Tested. 1. No certain and unerriiiii wliieh tlio full anioiiiit of ])osta^e lias been jtaitl. lie eaiiiiot, luuler any circiuiiMtaiices, l»e allowed to l)as(» his action upon a i)resunu!d kno\vleresuines that the contents of a sealed lett<'r are eonlidt-ntial, except in so far as they may he divulged hy the jierson havinjr the authority to break the seal, and this presumption is conclusive. The postmaster has no right to know and has no authority to inquire into the con- tents of a sealed letter. If it should coiuo to his knowledge, aside from any informa- tion that the letter itself might furnish, that the writer had improperly and illegally used an olticial stamp or envelope, it would bo his duty to report such violation of the law to the proper authorities of the government. It would, however, even in that case, be his duty to deliver the letter, unless restrained from so doing by some com- petent authority. KespectfuUv, A. A. FREEMAN, Assistant Attorney-General for the Post-Office Department. Hon. A. D. Hazen, Third Assistant Fostmanter-General, [Number (130) Eight.] Payment of Money-Orders to Fictitious Address. — Validity of Power of Attorney after Decease of Grantor. 1. Distinction is to be niacle in tlic payment of uiouey-oideis between those cases where assumed names are made use of to cover a le;iitimate bona-fide business earned on with a legitimate intent, and those where the business itself is ((iiestionable and the intent a frandulent one. 2. Power of attorney is personal, and dies with the party giving it. Office of the Assistant Attorxey-Gexeral FOR THE Post-Office Departmext, Washington, D. C, July 16, 1878. Sir : Your letter of the 8th instant, together witli inclosurcs, has been considered. The subject-matter of said communication and inclosures may be considered under the three specitic interrogatories which you have propounded to me, and which are in the following words, to wit : "1st. Whether a money-order issued in favor of a person or company having no ex- istence in fact, could properly be paid to one doing business behind the advertised name or style of such pretended person or company ; and if so what form of signature would render the order a valid voucher under the provisions of law respecting the issue and payment of money-orders ? " "2d. Where an advertised business conducted under a personal name, such as 'Jos. T. Inman,' has been legally transferred, would it be proper to pay to successors in such business, say 'Allison and Hearue,' an order drawn in favor of Joseph T. luman ; and if so, Avould a receipt in form like Allison and Hearue, successors to Jos. T. Inman, or Allison «& Hearue, doing business under the name of Joseph T. Inman, serve to render the order a sufficient voucher for the payment ?" "3d. Would a power of attorney to collect or to sign be of effect, or could efifect be given thereto, under any circumstances in the case of a money-order drawn, or of ono presented for payment, after the decease of the person named as payee of such order, and by whom such power of attorney Avas executed ?" In reply to your Urst question, as to whether a money-order issued in favor of a person or company having no existence in fact could properly be paid to one doing business behind the advertised name or style of such pretended person or company, I have to advise you that a proper solution of the question depends upon a correct ascer- 22 p L 338 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. tainment of the facts of eacli particular case as it may arise. EverytMug, or at least very much, depeuds upon the quo animo of the party using the name. Distinction is to be made between those cases where assumed names are made use of to cover a legiti- mate iona fide business carried on with a legitimate intent and those cases where the business itself is questionable and the intent a fraudulent one. Imaginary or catch titles are often made use of, in this country at least, as a means of advertising a strictly legitimate business. One of the cases cited by the postmaster at New York, in his letter of the 2Sth June, will serve as an illustration of this. J. T. Gilman is a responsible tea merchant, but he does his business under the names of "The Great American Tea Co.," "The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co.," etc. He doubtless finds it to his advantage to thus advertise, and the use of these titles can scarcely subject him to the charge of using a fictitious title within the meaning of the statute. If, however, J. T. Gilman should be an assumed name, and if in addi- tion he should make use of any one or all of these titles, and be not engaged in the trade which these titles indicate, or if he should make use of a legitimate title to cover a fraudulent business or a business of the class denounced in section 3929 of the Revised Statutes, he would clearlj' come within the scope of your first interrogatory. In the case which you have particularly referred to this office it appears that Messrs. Allison and Hearne make and sell a medicine which they advertise as the discovery of Rev. Jos. T. Inmau. One of the firm personated Jos. T. Inman, in signing money-orders drawn to him or his order, until it was discovered by the New York office that there was no such j)erson as Jos. T. Inman doing business as pretended. It was then al- leged by Allison and Hearne that Jos. T. Inman was deceased, and they still claim to be the equitable owners of the orders, entitled, moreover, to sign the orders by virtue of a power of attorney given to Allison by Jos. T. Inman in 1858, but which had since been lost. It is stated also in the letter of Mr. James, heretofore alluded to, that the business in which these parties are engaged is of a questionable nature. Under the circumstances of this case I should advise you that the payment of money- orders drawn to the order of Jos. T. Inman should be refused. As to your second interrogatory, I answer in the affirmative to both branches of it. The postmaster, however, to whom such orders are presented for iiaymeut should be satisfied as to the legality of the transfer of the business of the payee and the identity of the persons purporting to be the successors of such payee. Your third interrogatory is susceptible of but one answer. A power of attorney to collect or to sign a money-order, drawn or presented for payment after the decease of the jjerson named as payee of such order, and by whom such power of attorney was executed, is void and of no effect in law. It is of a personal character, and dies with the person granting it. The papers submitted are herewith returned. July 27, 1878. Sir : I am in receipt of the letter of Mr. James, postmaster at New York, under date of the 25th instant, and addressed to yourself, relative to my opinion of the ICth in- stant in the case of Allison and Hearne, submitted by your office under date of July 10th. In his letter of the 25th Mr. James calls attention to my answer to the second ques- tion propounded by you in your former letter, and its probable eff"ect if adopted un- qualifiedly as the rule in paying the class of money-orders referred to, in depriving the j)ayee of his heretofore-unquestioned right to all his money-order remittances. For the sake of connection, I (|uote again the second interrogatory iiroponnded in your former letter and my answer thereto. The question and answer are as follows : "When an advertised business, conducted under a personal name, such as Jos. T. Inman, has been legally transferred, would it be proper to pay to successors in such business, say 'Allison and Hearne,' an order drawn in favor of Jos. T. Inmau; and, if TITLE XII OPINIONS. 339 so, would a rofcijit in form liko, 'Allison and Hoanio,' succcssorH to Jog. T. Inniaii, or 'Allison and Hrarno'doin^i business under the name of Jos. T. Innian, serve to n-mler tlui order a surtieieut voueher for tln^ ])aynient V To this (juestion the reply was as follows : "As to your second interrogatory, I answer in the atlirniative to both hranehes of it. The postmaster, however, to whom such orders arc presented for payment should ho satisHed as to the legality of the transfer of the business of the payee and the identity of the persons purporting to be the successors of such payee." As a general proposition of law, I have no doubt of the correctness of this view. It must be borne in mind, however, that the money-order sought to be collected by the transferee must be directly connected with the business transferred. The transferee must have a direct interest in the order presented for payment growing out of the transfer. This interest might or might not attach to remittances drawn to the prede- cessor of the transferee. That would depend iipou the nature of the transfer. A. B. may transfer not only his right and title to the business in question to C. D., but the transfer may include all outstanding claims or debts of A. B. If such be the case, C. D., as the successor of A. B., would have the uudovibted right to receipt for all money- orders drawn to the order of A. B. in anyway connected with the business transfen-ed. If, however, the transfer applied only to the right to continue the business under the title, only such money-orders could be receipted for by C. D. as were incident to the ti'ansfer of the title. It is proper to observe in this connection that after fully considering the letter of the postma^ster at New York, and the cases suggested by him, where a .strict applica- tion of the rule would work injustice, I am satisfied that it would be difficult to lay down any general proposition for his guidance. Each case must stand ui)on its owu merits. The course suggested by Mr. James, to wit, of requiring the payee to either receipt tlie order or authorizing in writing another to collect and receipt for him, is unquestionably the safest one. Very respectfully, A. H. BISSELL, Acting Assistant Attorney-General, Post-Office Department. Hon. C. F. McDoxALD, Superintendent Money-Order System. Approved. A. A. FREEMAN, Assistant Attorney-General for the Post-Office Department. [Number (132) Nine.] Fraudulent Use of the Mails. Office op the Assistaxt Attorxey-Gexeral FOR the Post-Office Departmext, JVashington, D. €., August 16, 1878. Sir: The circular, purporting to have been issued by the "Albion Portrait Works," submitted by you for my opinion, is unmailable under section 4041 of the Revised Statutes. That section reads as follows : "The Postmaster-General may, upon evidence satisfactory to him that any person is engaged in conducting any fraudulent lottery, gift-enterprise, or scheme for the distribution of monej-, or of any real or personal property, by lot, chance, or drawing of any kind, or in conducting any other scheme or device for obtaining money through the mails by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, for- bid the payment, by any postmaster, to any such person of any postal money-order drawn to his order or in his favor, and may provide by regulations for the return, to the remitter, of the sums named in such money-orders. But this shall not authorize any person to open any letter not addressed to himself." 340 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. This is uudoiibtedly a scheme for the distribution of " money " or "personal jn-nperty " by "lot" or "chance," and should he stamped as a "fraud" and excluded from the mails. It is evident upon the most casual examination of the circular that the "Albion Portrait Works" (which seems to have an international existence, an office located for one purpose in Canada and a different office for a dilferent purpose in the United States) cannot comply with its undertakings, True, it claims that it cau aftbrd to make these immense sacrifices to secure a large circulation, and by that means an ex- tensive advertisement of its paintings. This plea will not avail to cover up the fraud. No honest man would advertise to give away a hundred-dollar gim or a forty-dollar gun in order to sell a twenty-five dollar picture. But admitting that these gifts or prizes are to be distributed as set out in the circular, the author of this scheme shows that they are distributed by c/i.a"ce, and explains in detail the mode of distribution, thus bringing his scheme so clearly within the inhibition of the statute as to render comment unnecessary. The objection frequently iirged against lotteries is that they are not governed alone by lot or chance. This author, however, is particular to de- monstrate that under his scheme it is impossible that anything save the merest chance should control his distribution, not even the sender of the prize or gift being allowed to know what the gift is. It avails nothing to say that the so-called "Premium gift order" is sent unsolicited, and that the recipient has his option to retiiru it accom- panied by the additional j)rice of the picture or to retain or destroy the order. If the orders are worth what they purport to be (varying from twenty-five to four hun- dred per cent, of the price of the painting), then the company cannot aftbrd to give them away. If, on the other hand, they are worthless, as the manner of giving them to every man who is willing to receive them from the postmaster would seem most clearly to demonstrate, then it is a fraud, and ought to be suppressed. If tbis grand gift concern, alias "The Albion Portrait Works," is engaged, as it purports to be, in, recklessly squandering and giving away its property, it would be a stroke of good fortune to have its business suppressed. If, on the other hand, it is an attempt to defraud the public, then its victims are entitled to the protection atibrded them by the restrictions the law has thrown around the use of the mails. Very respectfully, A. A. FREEMAN, Assistant Attorncij-General for the Post-Office Department. Hon. Jos. H. Blackfax, Snperintendent Foreign Afails. [No. (157) Ten.] Advertising Sheets. — What Constitutes a " Regular Publication, Designed Primarily for Advertising Purposes." 1. In asccrtaiiiiug the primary purpose of the paper, we are not confined to cither its cditoiial or advertising columns ; for it is a fact that will hardly bo controverted that by far the most valuable advertisements are those which, in the nature of editoiials, call particular attention to that character of business in which the advertiser is engaged. This is especially true when the particular character of business thus advertised can be conducted at but one place, and the editor or proprietor is the only person advertised as engaged in that particular business. 2. A paper owned and controlled by one or several individuals or business concerns and conducted as an auxiliary, and essentially for the advancement of the main business or calling of those wlio own or control them, is an advertising sheet within the intent of the law. Office of the Assistant Attorney-General FOR THE PoST-OfFICE DEPARTMENT, Washiiifjton, I). C, March 7, 1879. Sir: Iu compliance with your verbal request, I have examined the petition of Mr. **** ** * * asking that the question of the proper classification of the **** **** a paper published in the city of Washington, D. C, bo reopened and reviewed by TITLE XII — OPINIONS. 341 tho Pcpai'tmont. Mr. *»•*»» proposes to support his application lij" substantially the following : l8t. His own affidavit, showiiin that the **•* ••** is not pnhlishod "primarily for advortisinjr purposes " ; aiul, further, that said paper is not published at nominal rates nor for free circulation. 2d. That the Post-Ollice Department knowin<,'ly permits other papers, which are notoriously advertising sheets, to fjo throu<,'h the mails at juMind rates, eitinjf the " Scientific American," "Tho Boston Journal of Chemistry," "The Star-Span<;led Banner," etc. M. Tliat the law officer of the Department stated that the Scientific American was permitted to i)ass throujih the mails at the jmuiid r.ates hecanse of its wide and ex- tensive circulation, while the ***** **** has a circulation as large, if not larger, than the Si'ientific American. 4th. That he is making a profit of .9:?,000 per year from the sul)Scrii)tions received. 5th. That the order excluding the **** **** from the pound rates is an unjust discrimination against its stibscrihers, who are soldiers. He proposes to show by letters from "tens of thousands of ex-soldiers that they look upon the **** **** as a newspaper, and that they believe themselves outraged by the government in this unjustifiable attempt to interfere with their family paper." The petition then concludes as follows: " I propose to prove that the word primarily does not attach to a paper where sev- enteen-eighteenths of the same is not advertising, but that the whole, or nearly the -whole part of the paper must be used for advertising before the word 'primarily ' can rightfully attach thereto in the meaning of the law. "All of which I ask permission to submit, in order to revoke the order excluding the **** **** from its just rights under the laws." It will be observed, in the first place, that the petitioner does not ask for a review of the ruling of the Department, on the ground that the evidence otfered to be submitted is new or that is was not heard when the matter of the classification of the paper was originally before the Department. Before yon can be asked to review your action in the premises, I am of the opinion the petitioner ought to submit new facts, or else show in a very satisfactory manner that the original ruling, as based on the facts already adduced, was wrong. This the petitioner does not do. The statement proposed to be made that the **** **** is not piihlished "jmmarih/ for adrertisinri purposeii " is more of the natnre of a conclusion of law than a statement of a fact. A paper, the principal ol)ject or design of which is to advertise a particular trade or profession, edited and controlled by a person engaged in the particular trade or professi(ni advertised in its columns, falls within the class defined by law to be " regular publications de- signed primarily for advertising purposes." (Sec. 1.5, act approved July 1'2, 1876.) In ascertaining the primary purpose of the paper, we are not confined to either its editorial or advertising columns; for it is a fact that will hardly be controverted that by far the most valuable advertisements are those which, in the nature of editorials, call particular attention to that character of business in which the advertiser is en- gaged. This is especially true when the particular character of business thus'adver- tised can be conducted at but one place, and the editor or proprietor is the only per- son advertised as engaged in that particular business. I therefore conclude that the matters of fiict otfered to be set forth in the affidavit of the petitioner might be true, and yet not inconsistent with the judgment already rendered Ijy the Department. A regular publication, designed primarily for advertising purposes, may possess every characteristic set out in Mr. ****** proposed affidavit. As to the state- ment that it is not published at nominal rates, that has nothing to do with the ques- tion as to whether its primary purpose is that of advertising. Papers that are pub- lished for free circulation, or at nominal rates of subscription, form a distinct class. The paper in question may have a large and lona-fide subscription list, from which 342 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. its proprietor may derive a large income; it may possess all the xiaraplierualia of a newsi>aper, possessing a known office of publication, issued in regular numbers, con- veying intelligence of passing events, &c., and yet be a " regular publication designed primarily for advertising purposes." I am not called upon to determine whether the paper in question falls within that class ; that question has already been determined ; and I am called upon to say whether the evidence proposed to be submitted is sufficient of itself to reverse that conclusion. This question is invested with almost insuperable difficulties. The 15th section of the act of July 12, 1876, provides that ''transient newspapers magazines, and regular publications, designed primarily for advertising ptirposes, or for free circulation, or for circulation at nominal rates, and all printed matter of the third class except unsealed circulars, shall be admitted to and transmitted tln-ough the mails at the rate of one cent for every two ounces or fractional jjart thereof," What is a "regular publication designed primarily for advertising purposes"? In order to arrive at a proper conclusion, it may be necessary to examine critically two words used in the paragraph, namely, "designed" and " primarily." The term design means to intend, to purpose ; i. e,, a pajier, the intention or purpose in the publication of which is to advertise. But this must be its "primary" purpose. The term "pri- mary" here relates not to the order of time when this purpose was formed, but relates to the character of this design, its dignity and importance. It means, therefore, a regular iiublication, the principal purpose or object of which is to advertise. But we are told that the principal profit derived from the most of periodical publi- cations is derived from advertisements, and therefore we are asked to conclude that advertising is the principal object of the leading newspapers of the country; and as it was not the design of Congress to include the common current newsiiapers of the day in this class, that therefore this definition is unsatisfactory. But we must not confound the "desire "or " wish" of the publisher with his "design." His wish or desire is to make money. His design is to do so by means of publishing a paper. He may conclude to publish a paper having no advertisements at all — such, for instance, as the New York Ledger — or he may conclude to publish one having, like the New York Herald, a large amount of advertisements. In both cases, however, his business is the dissemination of newspaper matter. We buy, subscribe for, and read the Ledger on account of its essays, literature, and stories. We read the Herald on account of the world-wide information as to current events found in its columns, and also on account of the varied business interests it advertises. Whether we look to its advertising or editorial columns we find it full of legitimate newspaper matter. We look in vain through its columns to ascertain who its editor is or what his business is. In fact, there is nothing in either one of the papers I have named, or the thousand of others that might be named (for I have instanced these two as the leading examples of the two difierent kinds of papers), to indicate that the publishers have auy other business than that of publishing the paper. A careful examination of these papers fails to disclose that the editor of either has any other occupation than that of pub- lishing a newspai^er. The one advertises for nobody ; the other for everybody. The paper under consideration pursues neither course ; the burden of its editorials and general reading matter is directed in a single charmel, viz, that of building up the private business of its editor. The paper is devoted to the interests of those having claims, present or pi'ospective, against the government, and the proprietor, and he alone, is advertised as engaged in the business of collecting these claims. To fall Avithin this class it need not be a transient or irregular publication, nor a publication designed for free circulation, nor for circulation at nominal rates ; these form, as already stated, a distinct class of their own, and the rate of postage on each is prescribed by law. We find a paper imblished at a point where a particular trade or profession amounts to a specialty, and we find the cohimns of said paper largely devoted to a particuLar trade or pn)fession; its editorials principally on that subject; its corre- spondence almost exclusively on that or kindred subjects; the burden of its informa- tion relating to a i^articular subject, as, for instance, the collection of claims against TITLE XII — OPINIONS. 343 the {loverniuoiit. Whon \vc fmd tlic* wliolo tnakcviip t>f tlic ]tai)cr of a character to eatfli tbo ey»> and enlist tho intenMit of only a particular class, we conclude, of course, that it is what is denominated a "class Journal." That, however, is not suflicient to exclude it from the pound rates ; for very many papers of this class are everyday ad- mitted to the mails at pound rates. But when we proceed a step further, and ascertain that, in addition to all this, the paper advertises the ^»v>j>cit'/«r, said Trufiint & Davis, for the purposivs hereiu coutaiued, aud in consideration of one dol- lar to him paid )>y the said parties of the second part, the receipt whereof is hereby aeknowledjied, do hereby grant, harjjain, soil, assijrn, and convey to said parties of the second part, all the floods, Avares, nienhandisc, chattels, etlects, ehoscs in action, estates and property, real and personal, of every name, nature, and description, when-- socver the same may he, helon<;ing to .said parties of the first part, tr)j;('ther w ith all their books of acconnts, evidences of debt, and correspond<'nce relatinf; to their busi- ness, whether now in their hands or which may hereafter come to them, exccptin<^, however, herefrom their household furniture and etlects." » • • • Under this deed the trustees claim the rij^ht to demand and receive all letters ad- dressed to the makers of the deed. I do not think this claim can be maintain<'d. Under all ordinary circnmstances the addressee of a letter, aud he alone, is entitled to demand it from the postmasttu-. The exceptions to this rule are very few, aud rest iipou well-defined principles of natural or commercial necessity. If the addressee is dead it is physically impossible to make the delivery to him ; it must in that case go to his representative. If he is bankrupt he is civiliter mortuim, and in like manner incapable of receiving letters relating to the matter of his commer- cial life, and such letters are, therefitre, required to be delivered to the assignee ; not to his assignee, but the assignee appointed under the law without his direction. He is civilly dead, and the court has appointed a representative to take charge of his estate. He is incapable of receiving his correspondence, aud therefore the law, ex necessitate rei, directs its delivery to another ])erson. Here the case is different. Both parties are alive, physically and commercially. Both are capable of contracting. It is true that the addressees of the correspondence have undertaken to convey the oorrespoudence relating to their busiiiess ; but this conveyance is limited to the correspondence now in their (the addressees') hands, or which may hereafter come to them. How is it practicable to determine before a let- ter is opened that it is a " correspondence relating to their business " ? The fact that it is addressed to the tirra is a very strong circumstance in favor of that presumiition, but by no means conclusive. Under this deed, if the assignee is entitled to receive and open all the correspondence addressed to the assignors, it would be their duty to return such as did not relate to the business. If, on the contrary, the assignors are entitled to receive aud open letters addressed to them, it would be their duty to return to the trustees all letters relating to their business. The postmaster ought not to be reqxiired to assume the responsibility of deciding as to the proper party to exercise so delicate a trust. It would have been an easy matter to so draft the deed as to have made it operate as a direction to the postmaster to deliver all the correspondence to the trustee, if such had been the design of the parties to the deed. But I am not undertaking to decide as to what was the intention of the parties to the deed. It is enough that the matter is left in doubt, aud wherever the least shadow of doubt exists, as to the proper person to receive a letter, the postmaster should follow literally the directions ujiou the face of the letter. Very respectfully, A. A. FREEMAN, Assistant Attorney-General, Post-Office Department. Hon. James N. Tyxer, First Assistant Post master- GeneraJ. 346 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. List of all Opinions Given by the Assistant Attorney-General for the Post Office Department. No, Subject. Date. 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 9,10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 38 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Construction of section 5464 Revised Statutes. Bang's photo- graphic postal card- Delivery of letters to members of dissolved partnership Cancellation of official stamps. Construction of section 3855 Revised Statutes. New service. Construction of term Concealment of mail-matter. Construction of section 3887 Revised Statutes. Local or drop letters Mail contractor's oath Bona-fide and regular subscribers. Construction of term Moiety to informers Delivery of letters. Effect of injunction of State court Back numbers. Meaning of term Delivery of letters of deceased person Sending of mail-matter by express. Packet and package defined . Gift enterprises. Sections 3894,3929, 4041, and 5480 Revised Statutes. Obscene publications. Construction of act of March 3, 1873. Section 3893 Revised Statutes. Copyright act Continental Bank-Note Company. Construction of their con- tract of January 25, 1873. Loss of money in the mails Readjustment of compensation for railway mail service Delivery of letters of deceased person. Rights of widow, child, and legal representative discussed. Neglect of government officials .. Readjustment of compensation for carrying the mails Production of letters before a court under process duces tecum. .. Guarantors of a bidder for mail-contract. Postmaster's certifi- cate as to their responsibility. Letter-boxes. Law governing the use of Mail contracts. Method of bidding for, and obligation of bidders . Return of checks or drafts accompanying bids for mail service. Official stamps to be furnished Executive Departments. Con- struction of section 4, act of March 3, 1873. Successful bidder for mail service cannot associate another with him. Baltimore aud Ohio Raih-oad. Clai m for extra compensation for carrying mail. Postmasters' salaries. Readj ustment of, in special cases Interruption of mail by ferrymen. Mail-carrier's rights in cross- ing a ferry. Carrying the mail. Rights of legal representatives of deceased contractors. Carrying the mail. Power of Postmaster-General to contract for. Lottery letters. Disposition of, now in the Dead-Letter Office.. Effect of discontinuance of post-office upon postmaster ap- pointed by President. Letters addressed to letter-box Supplement. Construction of word Carrying mail without advertisement, Avhcn Compensation to railroads for carrying the mails Mail contracts. Construction of section 3951 Revised Statutes . Apidicatiou to reconsider the rejection of the bid of John D. Johnson. Curtailed service, Term discussed Failure of lowest bidder to execute contract by time required.. Relative to the compromise of the claim of the United States against Lowell, late i)ostmasfccr at New Orleans. 23 June, 1873. 24 June, 26 June, 11 July, 18 July, 27 July, 30 July, 5 Aug., 8 Aug., 11 Aug., 15 Aug., 22 Aug., 26 Aug., 2 Oct., 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. 23 Oct., 1873. 12 Nov., 8 Dec, 6 Jan., 7 Jan., 13 Jan., 14 Jan., 20 Jan., 24 Jan., 29 Jan., 4 Feb., 13 Feb., 23 Feb., 25 Feb., 1873. 1873. 1874. 1874. 1874. 1874. 1874. 1874. 1874. 1874. 1874. 1874. 1874. 6 Mar., 1874. 16 Mar., 1874. 17 Mar., 20 Mar., 1674. 1874. 26 Mar., 1874. 6 April, 1874. 9 April, 1874. 17 April, 1874. 22 April, 1874. 24 iVpril, 1874. 8 May, 1874. 15 May, 1874. 28 May, 1874. 3 June, 1874. 9 June, 1874. 16 June, 1874. 18 June, 1874. TITLE XII OPINIONS. 347 List of opinions (jivcn by Anxinldiil Altornry-dcnvnil for J'oMt-Office Diparltneut — Cont'd. Subject. Ri}:jlit and duty of ro.stnia.stf'r-Gcn<'ral rof^ardiiijf unliiiishcd in- Vf.stij;a1ion (if itrcdt^ccssor. Applii'atinu lo reopen eas»i. What advertisements for earryin;^ the mail must eonlain Upon tlie ))roiM>sal of .Mr. Hincdvly to submit tiie question of compensation to I'hiladelphia, Wilmington tfc Baltimore liail- road to arliitration. Official Postal ( Jiiido. Before entering into contract for compila- tion and publication, must there be an advertisement. Use of the mails by persons advertisinj;' gift-concerts, etc Dcmauidder because of alleged failure of the contractor to perform the service. Against award of contract for stamped envelopes and wrappers to Plymi)tou Mauufactariug Company. Protest of George H. Reay. Against extending time for furnishing stamped envelopes. Pro- test of Messrs. Raynor & Co. Regai'ding postage on foreign periodicals imported and mailed in the United States. Transmission of newspapers to Europe outside of the mails Sureties of mail contractors. Duties of postmasters certifying to the sufficiency of. Newspapers and iieriodical publications. Construction of sec- tion 5, act of Juno 23, 1874. Constitutional powers of President to till vacancies originating during the session of the Senate and continuing during the recess. Contractors for carrying the mails. Section 3943 Revised Stat- utes, does not restrict contractors to owners or masters of steam- boats. Postmaster-General may let contract without adver- tisement to one who is neither a master nor owner of a steam- boat. Right of Postmaster-General to compromise judgment against Sinmis, postmaster at Atlanta, Ga., and sureties. Wliat constitutes "corrected proof-sheets" -• Question of forfeitures considered Periodical publication. What constitutes, within the intend- ment of section 5, act of June 23, 1874. Heirs of Sheldon McKnight. Application to have the case re- opened. Liability of postmaster's bond for loss of registered package... Taking or receiving of letters, etc., for the purpose of obstruct- ing the correspondence or prying into the business or secrets of another. Construction of section 3892, Revised Statutes. Power of Postmaster-General to contract with more than one railroad to carry the mails over same route. Denver Pacific Railway and Telegraph Company. Claim for compensation for tran8])ortation of mails. Application for reward ottered September 9, 1874. In re J. T. Morris. Oregim Steam Navigation Company vs. Z. S. Moody Reweighiug of mails on railroad routes. Construction of sec- tions 4002-4005 Re\n8ed Statutes. Failure of railroads to perform service. Rule of deduction Postal convention with Canada. Construction of, relative to rei)aymeut of money-order to remitter. Southern newspapers. Compensation to, under designation of Clerk of House of Re])rosentatives. Deposit of postal funds by postmasters in cities where there is an assistant treasurer. Postal cards. Their character and relation to the postal serv- ice. Curtailment of service. Rate of compensation ''Lap service." Rule of compensation to be i)aid to Burlington and Missouri Railroad Company. Date. 11 July, 1874. 14 Julv, 1874. 21 July, 1874. 24 July, 1874. 20 Aug., 1874. 8 Sept., 1874. 6 Oct., 1874. 17 Oct., 1874. 28 Oct., 1874. 21 Dec, 1874. 23 Dec, 1874. 15 Feb., 1875. 19 Feb., 1875. 2 Mar., 1875. 11 Mar., 1875. 15 May, 17 May, 2 June, 1875. 1875. 1875. 5 June, 1875. 8 Juno, 2G June, 1875. 1875. 14 Aug., 1875. 23 Aug., 1875. 27 Aug., 1875. 25 Oct., 16 Nov., 1875. 1875. 24 Nov., 20 Dec, 1875. 1875. 28 Dec, 1875. 19 Jan., 1876. 24 Jan., 1876. 25 Jan., 25 Jan., 1876. 1876. 348 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. List of ojnnions given hy Assistant Attorney-General for Post-Office Department — Cont'd. 79 80 8l' 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 Special Agents. Per diem allowance to. Construction of sec- tions 4017, 4019, and 4020, Revised Statutes. "Lap service." Compensation to be paid to Pittsburgh, Cincin- nati and Saint Louis Eailroad Company. Electric pen. Circulars written with, may pass through mails as third-class matter. Bonds of bidder. Approval of, by clerk in post-office Sureties u] ion contracts. Their liability, how tested Claim of Bowling Embry for compensation during time of sus- pension from office. Claim of R. W. Gurley, Superintendent of Free Delivery, for back compensation. Pacitic Mail Steamship Compauy. Eight of Postmaster-Gen- eral to pay for performance of service in steamships of greater burden than those mentioned in their proposals. Letter boxes in post-offices are under control of postmaster Letters and circulars defined, and their difference shoAvn. Claim of George H. Giddings for carrying the mails on route No. 12900. ''Lap service." Claim of Rockford, Rock Island and Saint Louis Eailroad Company for compensation. Assignment of contract. Effect of Compensation to railroad companies for mail-messenger service. Case of Baltimore and Potomac Railroad. Extension of route from Bellaire to Pittsburgh Eailroad companies under contract. Whether subject to the provisions of act of July 12, 1876. Importations through the mails "Lap service." Claim of Alabama Central Eailroad Company for compensation. Rate of postage. Eifect of autograph signature on printed matter which is incomplete without it. "Lap service." Claim of Northern Central Eailroad Company for compensation. Land-grant railroads. Application of section 13, act of July 12, 1876, to such as are under contract. Extension of service. Claim of Cleveland and Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh and Erie Eailroad Companies for compensation. Compensation to railroads for use of postal cars. A^ipli cation of act of July 12, 1876. Advertisements. Number of papers in District of Columbia... Ajiplication to Postmaster-General to enter into contract. In re Selucius Garfield. Application for readjustment of mail pay, under act of July 12, 1876. Metric system. Construction of section 3880, Eevised Statutes . Compensation to railroads for postal-car service not subject to reduction of section 1 of act of July 12, 1876. Ante-bellum mail contract. Wilmington and Weldon Eailroad Company. Contract for furnishing adhesive postage-stamps. — Power of Postmaster-General to limit advertisements, etc., to certain class of persons. "Lap service". — Claim of Memphis and Charleston Eailroad Company for compensation. Indians not United States citizens. Eight to hold the office of postmaster. Protest against application of act of July 12, A. D. 1876. Saint Paul and Sioux City Eailroad. Construction of section 3998, Revised Statutes. Twenty-five percent, for night service to Lake Shore and Michigan South- ern Railroad. Extension of route. Under what circumstances can it be ordered. 15 Feb., 1876. 1 Mar., 1876. 3 Mar., 1876. 4 Mar., 1876. 13 Mar., 1876. 14 Mar., 1876. 16 Mar., 1876. 22 Mar., 1876. 23 Mar., 1876. 31 Mar., 1876. 1 April, 1876. 17 April, 1876. 20 April, 1876. 12 July, 1876. 12 July, 1876. 21 July, 1876. 28 July, 1876. 31 July, 1876. 25 Aug., 1876. 26 Aug., 1876. 1 Sept., 1876. 18 Sept., 1876. 26 Sept., 1876. 23 Nov., 1876. 29 Nov., 1876. 22 Dec. 1876. 9 Feb., 1877. 17 Mar., 1877. 15 Mar., 1877. 5 April, 1877. 3 May, 1877. 3 May, 1877. 10 May, 1877. 18 May, 1877. 24 May, 1877. TITLE XII — OPINIONS. 349 List of 02)inion>i given by AuMtntaiit Altoniey-deiierul for Poat-Office Department — Cont'd. 114 Ri'fruliiiimbliciitioiisilfsifincdpiimarily foradvoitisiiigpurposps. 7 JiiiiP, l"*??. 115 CoustiiKtion of contract for I'liriiisliiiig postal cards KJ .Iutic, l?^?. lit) I Papyiojrraidiic process of i)riutiii;f. Newspaper correspondence j 18 June, ld77. executed liy. 117 , Baltimore and Havana .Stoauisliip Company. Claim of, for iil June, 1877. i transportation of mails. 118 i Claim of (J. H. Giddiuys. One mouth's pay for discontinuance 2'.'i .June, 1877. of service. i 119 Sioux City and Saint Paul Railroad Company. Rate of com- j 5 July, 1877. pensatiou to. | Saint Louis Practical Photographer. Insets in publications 12 July, 1«77. Uniforming railway clerks, etc. Right of Postmaster-General 27 Oct., 1877. to issue order for tin-. Official envelopes. Misuse of, by private individuals i 9 Nov., 1877. Allowance to post nuisters for rent. When post-oliice drops from | 9 Nov., 1677. second to third class. New Orleans, Opelousas and Great Western Railroad Company. 15 Nov., 1877. Construction of section 1:5, act of July 12, 1876. Subscribers (regular). Postmasters acting as agents only, are 31 Dec., 1877. not subscribers. Case of Cincinnati Gazette. Disposition of money recovered in the mails 4 Jan., 1878. Private express. Down-town Letter Office. Carrying letters 2 Mar., 1878. outside the mails. j Chicago, Burlington and Quiucy Raili-oad. Protest against l 15 Mar., 1878. reduction of compensation. | Subcontractor's lien. Construction of sections 2 and 3, act of I 1 June, 1878. May 17, 1878. I Payment of money-orders to fictitious address. Validity of; 16 July, 1878. power of attorney after decease of grantor. Uniform canceling ink. Powerof Postmaster-General to adopt, 24 July, 1878. etc. Act of June 20, 1878. i Albion Portrait Works. Fraudulent use of the mails. Section! 16 Aug., 1878. 4041, Revised Statutes. Silver as legal tender. To what extent, in the money-order 17 Aug., 1878. business. Drafts sent through the mails for postal service are on official 29 Aug., 1878. business, and should be registered as such. | Sureties of postmaster liable for funds improperly credited by j 3 Sept., 1878. bank to postmaster's individual account. Case of McArthur, | late postmaster at Chicago. I Application for compensation for carrying United States mails i 16 Sept., 1878. February and March, 1866. Selma and Meridian Railroad [ Company. 1 Correction of mistake in language of lease. Power of Post- ! 24 Sept., 1878. master-General to allow. Rates of postage on publications mailed to subscribers within 1 Nov., 1878. the delivery of carrier post-offices by news-agents without the | same. Construction of section :}872 Revised Statutes. i Charges against postmaster at New Loudon, Conn. Official ! 19 Nov., 1878. misconduct and fraud of personal rights, while assistant I postmaster. Mower vs. Tubbs. ! Ordinary postage-stamps. Can requisitions for, for Depart- ' 3 Dec, 1878. ments be tilled under the act for furnishing official stamps ? ; Duty of Auditor in reporting to First-Assistant, fourth-class ' 4 Dec, 1878. post-offices, etc. Selma, Rome and Dalton Railroad Company, Reduction of 13 Dec, 1878. 10 per cent, under act of July 12, 1876. i Extraordinary increase in business of post-office of fourth ] 16 Dec, 1878. class. Salary of i)08tma8ter, how aliected by proviso, act i of June 17, 1878. | Application of Fisher A. Foster for compensation for index- i 2 Jan., 1879. ing Postal Laws of 1872. Application for compensation for carrying the mails. Saint 11 Jan., 1879. Louis and San Francisco Railroad Company. 1 350 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. List of ojnnions given by Assistant Attorney-General for Post-Office Department — Cont'd. No. 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 Subject. Telegraphic rates. Construction of Postmaster-General's order fixing. Howe Scale Company, protest against award of contract. Question of want of consideration raised. Application for compensation. Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad Comi)any. What constitutes a lease. Obligation of the government thereunder. Printed blanks in periodicals. Does it subject them to third- class rates ? One mouth's extra pay. Are sub-contractors entitled to? Franking privilege. Does it extend to members-elect ? Acquiescence in action of the Department, by claimant, what constitutes. Force and elfect of a rule of the Department discussed. Subletting of a contract. Copy of notice required to be filed with Department. Claim for services rendered Special Agent Railroad companies refusing to carry the mails. How Post- master-General should act. • What constitutes a sheet primarily designed for advertising pui-poses. Sunday service. Power of the Postmaster-General to discon- tinue. Delivery of letters. Right of trustees to letters addressed to a finn, discussed. Official-penalty envelopes. Their use under section 29, act of March 3, 1879. Lease of post-office buildings. Liability of government for Mail lettings. Advertisement of, in States of Virginia and Maryland. Can an advertisement be inserted in a Wash- ington paper ? United States vs. Gregg. Convicted of embezzlement. Ap- plication for pardon. A regular publication designed primarily for advertising pur- poses. Question of discrimination raised. Missouri River, Fort Scott and Gulf Railroad. Abatement of pay from July 1, 1876, to May 25, 1878. George H. Giddings. Who entitled to custody of warrant issued in accordance with siJecial appropriation by Congress. Eflect of injunction. Date. 15 Jan., 1879. 28 Jan., 1879. 31 Jan., 1879. 3 Feb., 1879. 10 Feb., 1879. 13 Feb., 13 Feb., 18 Feb., 1879. 1879. 1879. 24 Feb., 1879. 6 Mar., 6 Mar., 1879. 1879. 7 Mar., 1879. 26 Mar., 1879. 5 April, 1879. 21 April, 1879. 23 April, 5 May, 1879. 1879. 6 May, 1879. 8 May, 1879. 19 June, 1879. 21 June, 1879. TITLE XII OPINIONS. 351 List of 02>ininnH (livrn by An8intaiit .HtENDA. I CHANGES IN THE POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THIS VOLUME. IMI'ORTAXT. Any alterations, &c., which it may be necessary to make iu tliis book on account of changes in the law or regulations (see page 3), and which cannot be conveniently shown in the preceding pages, shotild be made on the blank pages following this notice. In such cases the postmaster must take care to fill in the various columns correctly, and he should place against the section atiVctod the number of the page in "which the alteration will be found. 23 p L 363 354 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. No. of section altered. 605. Date of alteratiou and where noted. An act to extend the time of special postal service until service can be obtained by advertisement. Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assem- bled, Tliat ill cases wliere special ser- vice has already been placed on new routes, the Postinaster-General may, in his discretion, extend such service niitil the time when serAace can be obtained by advertisement, not exceed- ing in any case one year. And when- ever an accei)ted bidder shall fail to enter into contract, or a contractor on any mail -route shall fail or refuse to perform the service on said route ac- cording to his contract, or when a new route sliall be estalilished or new ser- vice required, or when, from any other cause, there shall not be a contractor legally bound or required to i)erform such service, the Postmaster-General may make a temjiorary contract for cairying the mail on such route, with- out advertisement, for such jieriod as may be necessary, not in any case ex- ceeding one year, until the service shall have commenced under a con- tract made according to law. And any i)iovisioii of statute in contiict with this provision is hereV)y repealed. Ai)proved June 12, 1879. Jnne 12, 1879. Page 143. TITLE XIII. ADDENDA, ALTERATIONS, ETC. 355 No. of section altorod. Alloratioii in full Date of alteration and where noteeQ POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. No. of section altered. Alteration in full. Date of alteration and where noted. TITLE xiii. — Ai)i»i:\i)A, altp:rations, etc. 3G7 No. of section jiltert'd. Altcrafionin full. T)at«^ of alttrutiou and w liiT«' nuted. 368 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. No. of section altered. Alteration in full. Date of alteration and wliere noted. REFERENCE ESTDEX REVISED STATUTES OF THE UNITED STATES FROM SECTIONS OF TILE REVISED STATUTES AXI) SUUSEl^UENJ' VOLUMES OF THE STATUTES AT LARGE TO SECTIONS OF THIS EDITION OF THE POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Act of Cong^resM. Revised Statutes. XIII 3 7 14 17 18 161 177 183 270 276 277 292 293 294 295 296 298 :m 382 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 563 629 792 889 890 919 924 925 926 927 92f i 1 ...... 1 ...... .'.'.'.'.J ... — Past*' .*»«T. of 26 28 29 45 46 46 49 49 49 49 49 49 63 63 65 65 65 65 65 65 , 66 66 66 67 I 67 j 67 67 67 I 67 67 67 67 67 67 68 68 68 68 68 68 69 95 111 14.- 168 U)8 175 176 176 ITC. ITC. 1" 26 3 8 113» ]13» 1142- 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1221 1 222 1 4 24 25 5 5 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 3» 66^ 67 40- 41 42- 43- 44 47 1206 I20(> 1225 1223 1224 1206 I20? 120N 1209 1210 1211 24 PL 3'jy 370 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Act of Congress. .Revised Statutes Title. Chap. Sec. Vol. «_„„ Sec. of rage. p.i^.&R. XIII 18 929 177 1313 930 . 177 1313 931 . 177 1314 932 . 177 1315 933 . 177 1316 952 180 131T 951 180 13i8 958 181 1319 964 182 1330 1014 189 16 XIX 1785 317 1353 XL 1 3641 717 6§ 1 3642 717 69 3643 717 1 TO 3644 717 9^1 XLI 3668 3674 721 722 46 65 XLVI 1 3829 3830 750 750 98 101 3831 750 104 3832 750 51 3833 750 53 3834 750 105 3835 751 106 3836 751 llO 3837 751 113 3838 751 115 3839 751 367 3840 751 368 3841 751 657 3842 752 511 3843 752 1151 3844 752 1153 3845 752 1153 3846 752 73 3847 752 73 3848 ... . 752 74 3849 752 663 3850 : 752 599 3851 752 541 3856 1 753 130 3857 753 134 3858 754 54 3859 754 131 3860 ! 754 134 3861 '. 754 133 3862 754 133 3863 : 754 135 3864 754 99 2 3867 755 337 3868 • 755 333 3869 755 334 3870 755 315 3871 755 336 3873 ! 755 337 3874 1 755 339 3 3880 756 1105 3881 757 183 3882 757 366 3883 757 335 3885 757 471 3888 1 757 571 3889 _ 757 733 :5h90 757 370 :}89l 7r7 1333 REFERENCE INDEX TO THE REVISED STATUTES. 371 Act of Congr««ii. I '. Tide. Kc vised Statutes X L VI Chap. 9ec. .T*l* :m)4 :wyH :{Hyy :{9()o :{'joi :Jt>(»4 :{9I2 391:} :}914 39ir) 891 ti :}917 391H 3919 3920 3921 3922 3923 3924 3925 3926 3927 3928 3929 3930 3931 3932 3933 39:34 39:55 39:5H :39:?7 3938 3939 :}940 3941 3942 3943 3944 ;}94r) 3946 3947 3948 3949 3950 3951 3952 3953 3954 3955 3956 3957 3958 3959 :3960 3961 3962 3963 . 758 758 758 759 759 759 759 759 759 759 760 760 761 761 761 761 761 761 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 763 76:5 76:? 76:5 763 763 764 764 7«)4 764 764 764 764 764 765 765 765 765 765 765 765 766 766 766 766 766 767 767 767 767 767 767 768 768 768 768 768 •1 12:11 22« 2«r I250 •■am 17H t7H 11. '7 i:«> |:tx( I 10 1 14 145 175 174 373 12.S2 1252 1252 1252 »^06 §12 §24 875 444 445 §17 446 447 448 468 431 483 456 371 573 607 607 580 581 582 587 588 601 589 603 604 605 598 585 606 602 607 6IO 575 576 612 618 619 665 623 372 POSTAL LAWS AND KEGULATIONS. Act of Congress. Title. Revised Statutes. XLVI Chap. I Sec. ! Vol. Page. Sec. of P.L,.&R. 10 11 12 V.i 3964 3965 3966 3967 3968 3969 3970 3971 :?972 3973 3974 3975 3976 3977 3978 3979 39t0 3981 3982 3983 3984 3985 3986 3987 3988 3989 3990 3991 3992 3993 3994 3995 3996 3999 4000 4001 4002 4003 4004 4005 4006 4007 4008 4009 4010 4011 4012 4013 4014 4015 4016 ' 4017 4018 4019 4020 I 4021 I 4022 4023 4024 1 4025 4020 1 4027 4028 1 4029 4030 768 i 769 769 769 769 769 769 769 769 769 769 769 769 770 770 770 770 770 770 770 770 770 771 771 771 771 771 771 771 772 772 772 772 772 773 773 773 773 773 773 774 774 774 774 774 774 774 774 774 775 775 775 776 776 776 776 776 '.'.'.'.'.' 776 776 77() 776 , 777 777 777 777 542 543 544 545 546 547 607 548 549 550 551 553 253 353 354 1351 638 559 555 557 558 559 560 561 563 563 564 565 567 568 369 553 554 645 643 637 629 630 631 633 649 653 653 654 655 656 650 651 1136 1137 1138 6 11 7 lO 19 30 31 33 33 570 956 9*6 959 983 liKFKKKNCK INDKX TO TMK STATUTES AT LARGE. 373 Act ofCoii^frfoH. Titl«>. Chap. nee. Tol. Pace. M«T. of F.I-.A K. ]?(>vi.st'(l Statutes XL VI 13 4():n 777 960 40:{2 778 9§3 40:{:{ 778 978 40:54 778 OKO 40:J5 77H *.tst 403(; 778 1 1 3 4o:J7 778 lOll 40:58 778 1 003 4o:vj 778 IO:t5 404(1 778 I005 4041 778 10I3 4042 779 1072 404:5 779 1073 4044 779 1075 4045 779 1074 404(5 779 1076 4047 779 96 « 4048 780 969 14 4049 4050 4051 4052 780 780 781 781 55 56 57 296 405:5 781 1249 4054 781 58 4055 781 59 4056 781 60 4057 781 61 4058 782 62 4059 782 63 4060 782 64 4061 782 478 LX 3 4961 959 374 LXV 526:5 52()4 5265 526t) 5267 5268 52(59 1019 1019 1019 1019 1019 1019 1020 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 LXX 5 54(5:5 5464 5465 54(56 5467 5468 5469 5470 5471 5472 547:5 5474 5475 5476 5477 5478 1059 1059 1060 1060 1060 10(50 1060 1061 1061 1061 1061 10(52 10()2 1062 1062 1062 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1212 1213 1211 5479 ...*.. 1062 1245 5480 lot -.2 1246 8 55:54 55:55 1072 1072 1217 1218 Act March 5, 1874 46 1 18 19 S 24 ^ 25 103 Act March 18, 1874 57 1 18 2:5 Act Jium 2:?, 1874 456 6 12 18 18 233 2:55 191 581 18 2:J5 587 18 236 585 374 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Act of Congress. Title. Chap. Sec. Vol. Page. Sec. of P.Ii.&R. Act March 3, 1875 128 1 4 18 18 341 343 63a 1143 7 18 343 247 Act March 3, 1875 129 179 1 1 18 19 19 351 78 78 9§3 Act July 12, 1876 573 314 19 79 635 4 19 80 45 7 19 81 116 9 19 82 119 10 19 82 120 11 19 82 121 12 19 82 122 13 19 82 63§ 14 19 82 174 186 1 19 90 5 225 \ 226 Act August 11, 1876 260 1 19 129 5$2 r 603 . to04 ) 605 19 129 L 606 Joint resolution July 25, 1876 18 ..... 19 215 116 Act March 3, 1877 103 3 19 19 335 335 4S 49 4 19 335 50 5 19 335 249 6 19 335 250 Act March 3, 1877 110 1 19 19 383 384 573 314 Act Decemher 15, 1877 3 107 1 1 2 20 20 20 10 61 62 345 Act May 17, 1878 57S 624 3 20 62 625 4 20 62 579 5 20 62 607 Act June 17, 1878 259 1 20 20 140 141 6 573 20 141 5 117 > 118 20 142 5 20 142 636 2 20 143 53 Act February 4, 1879 45 1 20 281 106 Act February 21, 1879 .... 95 1 2 20 20 317 317 309 310 3 • 20 317 311 4 20 317 312 5 20 317 307 Act March 3, 1879 180 1 20 20 ;»6 :i56 573 245 20 356 555 20 :357 46 20 357 141 20 357 6;il , 3 20 :i58 642 4 20 358 632 5 20 358 670 6 20 3oS 646 7 20 358 176 8 20 358 177 9 20 :i58 178 10 20 359 184 11 20 359 190 12 20 359 209 REFERENCE INDEX TO THE STATUTES AT LARGE. 375 Act orC^ongrraH. Title. Chap. Sec. Vol. l»f«K«-. Wff. of Act Miiicli 3, 1H79 180 13 14 20 20 359 :{.'->9 197 1§J^ 15 2(1 ;i.'-)9 212 IG 20 3.59 206 17 2<» 3.59 S 21. S ( ii:t4 18 20 :}60 217 19 20 :i60 219 20 20 :«iO 221 21 20 :i60 ^ 229 > 230 22 20 360 231 23 20 361 233 24 20 361 182 2.5 20 361 239 26 20 361 270 27 20 362 271 28 20 362 1252 29 20 362 2.51 30 20 :i62 602 31 20 362 135 32 20 362 143 '^ ^■.v ■^'ff: IISTDEX TO TIIK POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Abseac*' (ifciii]ilii.\<''s iif Kiihvay MmH Srrvici-, rules reiiiilat in;;, etc of li)i;il aiiciits, |)i(>visii>ii.s iiiinfiiiiii;i of I'o.stiiiiistcr-lM'iii'ral, who may art in <-as(' of ... . of ])(i.>itniasti'r.-i. wlio may act in ia.se of Absconding debtors, i>ii Mica t ion of attacliincut against w a I rants of a ttaclinicnt against |ifoi>eity of AcccMMory, after t lie fact, to mliliery of the mail. ]>ciialty for liein^ to stealing' mail-mat tef. iicnalty fof lieinii AccidentN to mail-tiains to l)e lepoiteil liy emjtloy6.s of the Kailway Mail Service to.stal ilejiosits to be kept se))arate from other iniblic money of postal service, how kept of I'ost-OtKce Department to be kept by"(Si\-th) Ainlitor (of Treasnry) Accounts-riirrent. (Src (^r.\i;rivi!i,v iiETrifSs.) blank forms foi. how ])rocineil detailed statements to accmniiany, from Presidential post-oflices distinct from iiiiaiteily stateiiunf of sieneral postal account errors in, corrected liy .\uditor: notifications to postmasters of corrections forms for. at fourth-class )(ost-oliices at Presidential ]iost-iiliices iuilorsenicnt on back id', how tilled u)) lost in transmission, jiostmasti'is must semi duplicates of nevi>r to be inclosed with iinarterly statement of general postal account new bcmd i)stiiiasters. how to enter ))osta^e-stam]>s received thereon 1 ori'.iiiials to he retained liv pustmasters : copies only to be sent to Auditor ost masters trans(^ript to be sent with signature of. by whom : blank heading, how tilled up to be preserved two years to be transmit t I'd to .Vuditor before 2()th day of next (|uarter to include only business (diuie iiuarter ....... transcript of and voiichi'is com]>ose jmstmaster's quarterly return transcripts niiiat always be sent with Account, general postal, amounts of Auditor's drafts collected by jiostmasti'is to be entered tipon Auditor will charge upon, amount of collection-drafts neglected to be collected by postmasters blanks for, furnished to Presidential jjost-ottices only form of, for fourth cla.ss post-ottices or ledger, what to be entered on credit side debit side with the Fnitid States to bi' k<-pt by postmasters postmasters to compare, with .Vuditors sfateiiient of quarterly statement of, low diU'creut from i|uarti'rly account-current never to be inclosed witli ipiarterly account-current not reiinired from fourth class post-otHces to be sent to .Vuditor by postmasteis at Presidential po.st- otHees only .". to be transmitted to Auditor before 20tli day of next quarter. what to lie retainc-d by postmasters as vouchers to 1 Sec. Page. 747 169 »().'! 174 :i 34 n]A 125 I'.'li 303 1207 301 1247 314 1248 314 788 172 173 70 114.5 285 69 51 .53 48 1143 285 1176 289 1161 288 1183 296 1167 288 niH 292 1177 289 117.5 289 116!) 289 1184 296 1164 288 889 187 11.58 287 1163 288 1. 1.56 67 1165 288 1162 288 1170 289 1172 289 1161 288 1156 287 11.53 287 11.54 287 11.52 287 1152 287 116(1 287 1155 287 1151 286 1157 287 1166 288 64 .50 1189 297 1159 287 11.55 287 11.57 287 1194 299 1197 299 1187 297 1191) 297 1182 296 1181 296 1179 296 HSH 297 1183 296 1184 296 1188 297 1180 206 1189 297 1185 296 377 378 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Accrued rights of TTnited States not, to be abridged in proceedings under warrant ofattachnieiit Acting Postiuaster-fteneral, who may serve as Acting special agents, Assistant Postmaster-General and superintendents may act as Actions under postal laws. {See Suns.) may be brouglit in State courts Address cards, how tliey may be presented for mailing Adjustment of pay to railway companies for carrying the mail AdniiniMtrators, mail-matter to be delivered to moncv-didi-is to lie ]>ai(l to registered matter To be delivered to of deceased persons aiiaiiist wlioiii collictioii-drafts have been issued, names of, to be reported to Auditor by collect in i; jiost masters Admission of new publications to second-class rate Advances for expenses may lie made by Postmaster-General to si>ecial agents, etc . Adverti sed letters, charge on delivery of, only made when from Dead-Letter ( )tiice list of, at free-delivery post-offices to designate those at post-office and at each station foreign, may lie in foreign language to be dis|ilayed in post-othce to be posted ill iiublic place pav for i>tiblislied list of to be so stam]ped Advertising steamboats, vessels, vehicles, etc., falsely, as carrying the mail, penalty. Advertising sheets, characteristics of ". not entitled to second-class rates Advertisement not icixuived for mail-contracts upon water-routes not re(iuired for luail-contracts with railroad companies of general mail lettings of letters uncalled for, allowance for printing, how ma lbrvciiil.iustiiu'ut ofsiiliirii's of poHtniiiHti'i'H, to whom made 123 02 of surotifs for roloiiso, to wlioni nuulc 113 .18 to Auditor for rpiu'wal of lost warniiit or draft, how iniuli- 1201 300 to be a4-coinpaitied by ccrtitl»rat« of non-i>ayiin-nt ." 1202 300 Appointmrnl, Icttt-r of, to \w furnished to postmast< 90 of mail-a}rents on board of ocean mail steamer84 20 38 of ot!i<'.ers of tlie I'ostOlbcc Department, by whom made •'. 34 of postmasters, by wlioni made • 101 56 to be issued by First Assistant Postma.ster-Creneral 102 56 of railway postal clerks 23 38 of the A liditor of tlie Treasury for the I'est-Office Department 1139 283 Appoiiiliiioiit oifice. (.*>'-■<■ FiusT Assisr.vNT Postmasteu-C^knkkal.) Appi'oprintioiiM for |iiistal service to be made from revenues "iS 49 Archil»Tt!>i' ilra^vings rated as fourth-class matter 27 Arrans<-iiientM, special postal, continued with certain countries under convention ofl'aris 1118 266 made by United States with various countries. 1120 274 Arreist of mail-robbers by postmasters to be ro8tmasters 1192 299 of balances due tht^ Department from postmasters by contractors' orders 1191 299 coni])romise of .judgments may be made by. when 1 l-jj 285 copies of quarterly returns to be sent to: originals to he kept by postmasters Iltj5 288 directicm of quarterly returns sent to. by postmasteis 11."'6 -8' divisions of office of 1141 284 dutiesof, generally stated 1140 283 prescribed by statute _. 1142 284 marshals to make return to. of proceedings upon process of execution 122.T 31)5 may furnish papers reipiired to sustain the clain\s of the Department in suits 1148 286 380 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Auditor — Continued. iiiiiy require jiostniasters at fourtli-elass post-offices to furnish statements of general postal account of the Treasury for the I'ost-OtHee De]iartTiii'nt. a])pointment of postmasters to e()m])are general postal accouur vrith quarterly returns of postmasters to he forwanletl to, when statement of fjeneral postal account to he sent to, by postmasters at Presi- dential post-ottices i records of receipts by postmasters to he returned to to be evidence in suits for Department report of, to be part of Postmaster-General's report superintends collection of debts due the Department to be furnished inventory of what public property at j)ost-ottiees notified by collecting postmaster of nbn-i)ay ment of draft ](aynient of drafts to cause suit to he brought u])ou unjiaid (•olle- ■' Bookkeeping, manner of, at letter-carrier po.st-offices at money -order post-offices Books, how to be jiiescnted for mailing may be sent as third-class mail-matter received in foreign mails, duty on, may be remitted when , single, may be sent by mail when weighing over four pounds special anangements for tran.smission of, to Oreat Britain and Gennanv Bond accompanying bids for canying the mail, londitions of amount of, recpiired of biddeis for carrying the mail ap])lication of paynumts by jiostmasters aftei- giving new sureties for withdrawal from, to whom to be made blank form of to be furnislied to |iost masters upon thiir a]>pointnieiit defendant to give, when ajqilying for discharge ot warrant of attachment foiin of limit of time of sureties, liability on new execution of, by postmaster does not change manner of rendering quaiteily re- turn ..' new, reipiired in case of death, removal fiom State, or inscdvency of sureties new. to be given by iiostmasters at post-offices when first made iliouey -order offices, and subse(|uenfly as requiied not rei|uinil with a|iiili(aliiin for duplicate draft of bidders for carrying the mail to be api)roved by a postmaster not to bi- ajipnix ed by iiostmasters until i-omideted ])i>nalfy for fraudulent aiqiroval of by postmasters of letter-carriers to be )irom|itly i\ei iiteil to be returned to Uirst Assistant Postmaster-tJeneral of l)ostmasters a]ii)roval of, may be signed by First A.ssistant Postmaster-General . . . how jenewed most be lenewed when mime of post-office is chiinged penalty for alteiiug or counterfeiting illegal apjir(i\al of. of bidders, by postmasters lequired of sjiecial agents, and in what cases ro acccnnpany aiiplicalion foi- issue of duplicate warrant responsibility of sureties after postmaster's death Sec. Page. 1188 297 1139 283 1186 297 1154 287 1180 296 1168 . 288 1223 304 45 45 1144 285 .51t) 124 11 a--. 299 1194 299 1199 300 648 152 1129 278 1126 275 1126 276 1126 277 28 41 311 95 203 76 1224 305 1220 304 1076 222 73 51 523 125 1055 217 603 142 5,S3 138 600 141 595 141 593 140 MI2 140 598 141 593 141 593 141 593 140 1245 313 234 82 1 27 27 39 33 42 1177 289 1176 289 1178 292 365 101 1 27 232 81 366 101 977 201 237 83 215 78 1135 281 221 79 1118 266 581 138 583 138 106 57 113 58 107 57 1214 303 36 43 no 57 1164 288 109 57 964 199 1203 300 ,581 138 590 140 587 139 320 96 320 96 105 56 48 46 112 58 114 58 1245 313 587 139 11 36 1201 300 III 58 INDEX. 3H1 Bond— CiiMiiuiU'd. siiri'tics nut M'.-<|i(iiiMilili' I'lH' iiiilclilr1' ;i<-<'\ it'tti witni'rt.scH in ci riain cnxcH Box<-H, lottcr. ortn'tvd liv hnldiTsnl tlicir cxpi'nsi" ; ivnt to lnM-oll(!ctc(l UHlnni; im UHrd. lioltlcFM oi', Mi:iv cri'it lnck-lioxi't at ]»cist-o(lic<-M at tlicir own expfiiHc. .. may lie ircctcil liy iiiistiiiastcr.s at llii-it own cxiM-nsf. nanus of lioldci s of, not to lie disclnsid liy l>ostnniHty one family, firm, or corponttioii strcft mailin-r. arn-st t in rejiair. etc Box-holdf'rti. (Sec LiaTKit-iioxEs ix fOST-oFKicKS.) nolitieation to. of arrival of registered matter for Box-rnilN. (See LKiTlcit-noXKS ix rosr-OKl-KEis.) rciiird of to he kept l)y postmasteis , Branch poHt-o(liri-M. ajiplications for estahlishmenf of. how made eonvevanee of mails between general ]>ost-otfiee and ; mail-matter not to lie .sent to. eontrary to retnrne« 31.1 INI 17 37 :i().-. 04 SWi »3 •Mr> »-2 :«j« 94 3(H 9:t iitrj Ki .WJ 101 :{3:{ 98 :j6.'i 101 33.5 9« rsiu 308 313 9.5 334 98 3.'i7 101 1168 288 3.T4 100 3.'>.") 100 336 98 336 98 3.58 101 699 162 125 62 .526 125 .525 125 1125 272 050 153 1059 218 1107 263 457 116 1126 274 908 190 .545 129 721 166 375 103 376 103 377 103 1252 315 465 117 462 116 457 116 461 116 237 83 171 70 172 70 181 72 323 96 312 95 311 95 315 96 320 96 361 101 309 95 328 97 324 96 351 100 348 100 319 96 317 96 .325 96 3.53 100 3(U 101 .331 99 360 101 347 100 359 101 330 98 349 100 332 99 337 99 314 96 318 96 342 99 310 95 382 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. •Carriers — Coutiuued. sliall not deliver mail at unoccupied premises mail-matter in the street substitutes, bow appointed temporary, may be a])pointed by postmasters to obey ordeis of postmaster be employed in what cities report iiijurits to street letter-boxes Huiiiily tbcir own unifoiTns -■ ])cnalty tor aliseine witliout leave unit'oim of, and penalty for wearing it unlawfully C/aate-examinations, monthly report of, at post-otfices nature of, for cleiks in post-otfices of distrilintinii-clfrts in post-othces I'liiiiloyes of tilt' Railway Mail Service Catchers, how fuiiiislied Catcher-crane, liow to haiiji ]>onrhcs on Catcher post-offices, cranes and jmnches for newspaper juail at, to b(^ sent to nearest express station .s]ieose Catch stations, delivery of mail to, by employes of Railway Mail Service Central America, no jiostal conventions with countries of Certiticates of deposit should be signed in person by j)0stmasters of depository ottirices-current may be sent to Guatemala at newspaper rates of postage, to all other foreign countries as "other ])rinted matter" 1[23 definition of and pevmissildc writing tlieieon from the Post-Oftiie Dcjiartiiicnt to ])ostniasters to be treated as official letters .... issued by Department to be treated as written letters by postmasters postage I >n, when mailed in bulk, for postmasters to distribute Circular of inquiry for registered matter must receive immediate attention of re- ceiving postmaster for registered mattei-, returned indorsed "not received," to be reported to Chief S])ecial Agent to be sent when registry-bill is not returned Circuit courts (of United States), jiirisdictiuii of under ))ostal laws Claims ]iresented after adjustnicnf nl' qiiaiteily accounts may be rejected Claim agents not to receive letters tiom Pension-Office addressed to pensioners Classitlcation of dead matter of lettei-caniers of mail-matter of unmailable matter Clearances not to Ije granted to vessels carrying letters contrary to law Clerks, railway juistal, appointment and pay of (see EMi'i.ovfo OF the Railway Mail- Skkvke) . Clerks in post-ottlces, allowance for allowance for, at money-order ])ost-oifices, out of money-order funds sejiarating post-offices application for, to be made to First Assistant Postmaster-General ap])ointed by postmasters, excejdion case examinations of efficiency of, rei)orted upon by superintendents of mails forbidden to address or seal registered letters or to put postage-stamps thereon inc(nnpefent distiibuting, to be removed may not be interested in mail contract.s must sign all oi-ders relating to ilistribution and disi)atch of mails nujiiber, grade, and coiM)ien.Hation of, fixed by Postmaster-General and salaries not to be changed without authority from First Assistant Postniasfer-(ieiuiral receipts re(iuired for pay of verbal examination of Clerk of House of Representatives entitled to send and receive public docu- ments fne of jiostage 24.'>, Close of mails, authority to fix tinui of vested in Postmaster-General tinn: of as fixed l)y the I'ostmaster-General Coin. {See Unmaii.ahle MArrEU.) cannot be rtigistered to foreign countries foreign, not receivable for postage-stanii)s or dues Sec. Page. 34.J 99 344 99 321 96 322 96 362 101 307 94 335 98 329 98 326 97 327 97 424 109 418 108 418 108 780 172 690 160 427 109 426 109 429 110 430 no 429 110 428 110 791 173 1129 278 96 54 78.'; 172 798 174 585 139 586 139 27 39 713 164 27 39 490 120 493 121 887 186 859 183 860 183 849 181 492 121 1132 280 2iv 78 537 127 21 28 218 78 884 186 849 181 848 181 1206 301 1170 289 281 91 433 112 309 95 176 72 432 111 561 133 23 38 124 62 970 200 121 62 128 63 130 63 418 108 417 108 816 177 425 109 599 141 422 108 131 63 131 C3 128 63 420 108 246, 248 84 368 102 410 107 904 189 97 54 INDKX. 383 C'olleclioiin, no allow mik'i' I'lir cxiiriisi- in making; iit'iiostal t'miils from poMtmasti-is l>y roiifrartoiH' ohIith ilrnftH in fiivor iit°iithi*r poHtiniuitorH sliipt'i'cs to In- (laiil into llicTri'asiirv Collrt'tioii (Irnt'ls lost, how n-iirwi'd iiiusl 111' paiil i\ III ir rontrai'tor owes pimtniUMtt^r |iioiiiiitly paiil 1)\ |i(istiiiaHtrrs anil otliers non']ia\iui-iit of, to lir n porti-il to .Vuilitoi liy I'oUcctin;; poHtiiiiiHter not issiicil for iniinryorili'r fiiiuls paynii-nt of, to lie ri'imrtcil to Amlitof Ity rolli-ctiny postnianter po.stiiiiisti-is may lu- icniovcil fm- failinji to lolliTt must bi' icaily to pay, at rml of raili c|iiarti'r iii';;li'Ctin;l to <-olli-avmt'iit,s on. to hv snit .sri»aratrly to Auditor rctunieil unpaid. Auditor will cau.sf suit to In- liroiiglit iipiin upon po«tniii,stfrs for |>ayinfnt of lialnncfs due tlit; Departnu'iit, how made by Auditor CollmionN from poNliiinHlerci by Auditor s drafts in favor of other pcmtniaHterH. by ((luti.iit.us nrilifs Col Iff t ion po»t-«»fflfc». dutii's of iiostmastcrs at ('oIoK»<'< iutiTiiational i'Xfliani;i' p<»,st-otticr tor monfV-ordrrs on Germany Coloiiibin, rnitril .'^tatfs of, no postal com rntion w itii CoiiibiiinlioiiM to lui'vi-nt bids for carryiui; the mail, how jiiinislu'd C'oiiiiiicrrial papcrit, uudi-r domestic regulations, perini.ssible writing upon undii Postal I'Tiion icirulations. for fnrcii;n mails only ConiniiaMioiif r, Tiiited States, may make j)relimiuary examination of per.sou.s ar- I est I'd for mail ilijiri-datious ConiiniHHioucr of Agriculture entitled to .send repurt.s and seeds free of po,4tage. CouiuiiHNionf r of deeds, postmasters may bold otHce of, witbcmt violating Presi- dent's order ComniiMsions not issued to postmasters until after approval of bonds of jiostmasters, bow i-ecorded and sijiued C'ouiuiuuif Riions to tlie I)e))artment sboiild be on one subject only C'oiiipeuNRliou, extia, to ])08tniasters at money-order post-ottice.s • for advi 1 risiu;; letters of fiiuitb-class postmasters Icttei carriirs postmasters at Presidential post-ofKces pro ten) none allowed to iiostma.sters for sale of posta-je-stamps, etc to masters of shi]>s not mail-vessels for receiving printed matter to iiiasti IS of ships for canyiu}; mail on their vessels 252, Com plaint-book to be kept at all post-ortices Complaint!! of delay in receipt of mails to Division Superintendent of Railway Mail- ,service ... to be made to Chief Special Agent of lost letters, etc Congresfii may tix rates tVir carrying the mail by land-grant railroads terminate any contract for carrying the mails between the United States and any foreign country latts tixed by. for carrying mails by laud-giant railroads Congressional dof unient.s free of postav:e with othcial frank may be mailed in bulk and remailed alter one delivery must III- separately franked, exceiit 11(1 liiiiit of Weight fill Congressional Reeord, free of postage when franked by members of Congress ... Consuls may pay imstage on letters for the United States, which will be refunded by the State Department .'. Continuanff of suits, bow granted to defendants Conlraft otHfe. (S«e Skcosd A s.ststa.nt Postma-stek-Gf-xeral.) Contrae tors for carrying the mail, (Sue Maii. coxtkactors.) iliiluitiniis from ]iay of, for .s])ecial causes for failure to perform service and tines for delimpiencies . . delimiuencies of. to be reported by ])ostmasters tines imiiosed uimu, for what for carrying foreign mails may, be fined must miike specific excu.ses for each delinqnenci" take ])ostal oath of ottice notitied bv postmasters of failures, when transfer of debts to Contrnf tors' orders, postmasters reijuired to pay upon presentation Contrae t sections, division of the I'nited States into Contracts for larrying the mail. (See Mail lOXTKArTs.) lietwiiii the Fnited States and any foreign country may be terminated by Con- gress form of postal employes not to be interested in to be certitied to Auditor t nily dated _ Convention of Paris, accessions to the I'uion, how pennitted, article 18 aciounis between countries of the I'nion aboli.shed, article 9 arliitration between disagreeing members of the Union, article 17 combmatious of colonies, etc, as one administration, article 21 conditions of I'onve.vance of mails across frontiers, article 3 congi'esses of contracting countries every five years, article 1!) correspondence between po.stal administrations alone tree, articles See. I»a«o. 00 S3 HOI 290 111)2 299 257 87 m 50 1203 301 M 53 ll9:i 299 1 !«.'•) 299 12()0 300 1I!M 299 1108 300 m 53 11»7 299 1190 299 8«i 53 1109 300 1192 299 1192 299 1191 299 76 52 10,T.> 217 1129 278 .->H9 140 •.'32 81 in.'-> 265 49.1 121 247 84 321 107 57 103 56 3 27 968 200 447 115 117 60 310 95 116 59 135 63 165 69 264 87 253, 254 86 15 28 16 28 15 28 637 151 6.-.]iositioiis for, how made and adopted, article 20 239 monetary iMiuix ulciits of the franc, article 7 235 I>osta--.- i-atcs. ai'ticle .t 233 postagestaiiiiis, what valid for prepayment of postage, article 8 235 prohibiteil matter in Union mails, article 11 236 ratification of, by Postmaster-General and President 241 final protocol 243 reforwarding matter fiee of charge 236 regi.stercd matter, limited liability for, article 6 235 registration of all mailable matter permitted, article 6 234 signatures of contract iug parties to 240 stipulations of, extend to what, arti<'le 2 232 transit charges and comlitions. article 4 232 expenses, how borne, article 4 233 rights guaranteed tln(mt;hout Union, article 4 232 Union countries may make siiecial arrangements with each other, article 14 237 Universal Postal Union established, article 1 232 unmailable matter, article .5 234 CJonveiitioii of Paris, regulations adopted by, amendments of, how to be pro- posed, etc., article32 1103 260 articles of ordinary correspondence failing to reach destination, how to be applied for, article 27 256 change in the monetary system of one country, notice to be given, in what way, article 4 245 closed mails, correspondence in, re«-ulations respecting, how prepared, article 24 255 commercial papers, what are considered, article 16 250 coiTCspondence, aitual and peTsonal. what not considered, article 17 251 delivered by one administration toanother, how forwarded, articlel. 244 in closed mails, regnlations res)iecting, how prepared, article 24 . .. 255 in ojien mails, leiiulations respectinir, how prepared, article 23 253 undelivered, how to be tivated, article 21 253 what may be reforwarded. article 20 252 duration of, aiticle 34 261 exchange of conespondence in closed mails, how regulated, article 2 244 exp<>nses of transit, accounts of, how ine])ared, article 25 255 statistics of, article 22 253 extraordinary services of the Union, giving rise to special expenses, are what, ar- ticle 3 .---.■ ; 245 International Bureau, connnunicatious to be addressed to, article 29 258 duties of, article 30 258 expenses of. how divided, article 28 257 jurisdiction of the Union, article 32 259 language to be used in fonns employed in international correspondence, article 31 . . 259 letter-bills accompanying the mails exchanged with Union countries, what to be en- tered in, article 9 247 mails, how to be made up, article 12 - 249 verification of. by exchange otlices, article 13 249 open mails, corresjiondence in. niinlations resjiectiug, how prepared, article 23 253 postal cards, regulations resjiecting cin illation, dimensions, and use, article 15 250 prepayment insiitticieiit, how indicated, article 8 247 printed matter, what is coiisiilered, article 17 250 rates of postage, how levied on correspondence with countries not in the Union, articles 246 by administrations not having the franc for monetary unit, article 4 245 rates, number of. indications of, and amount of foicii;ii chai'ges, article 7 247 reduced po.stage, what excluded from, article 17 251 reforwarded, what articbs may be, article L'0 252 registered articles, indemnity for the loss of, article 11 248 in the mails, rules lor the treatment of, article 10 248 110 si)ecial c(uidition of form or fastening required, article 14 250 samples of meri'handise, ]irireiiuisites of admission, article 18 251 sub.iect to reduced jiostage, article 18 251 stamps, on cori'esiioudence oriniuatiug in lum-Union ccumtries, how impressed, arti- cle C, 246 Uni(m countries, how impressed, article 6. 246 Stamp T. (tax to be paid), ai)iilicati. f, etc., articIl^ 6 246 undelivered corresiMui second-class mattei- 214 78 Copyright matter, postmaster to receipt for 374 103 INDEX. 385 Sec. Page. Corr«-Mpond«'nrc coiupriMos ull mailMMu uinttur exchnugcd with foreigu coiuitrics .. 1108 'J64 conilitiiMis lit' nschiingo of, with t'auiulii iVM 274 lAUiulor ni;« 274 (Juatiniulii 1120 275 New South Wales, Austniliiv 1120 276 New Ztaluntl 1126 276 Qucciislimfl, Austialia 1126 278 Sandwich Islaud.s 1126 275 Wu.ziK 111 1126 276 Viitoiia, Aii3tialiii 1126 277 exchange jiost-otliccs for, with foreign couutries 112;") 268 metric weiglits used for foreigu 1105 262 miscellaneous rej;ulations and sujigestious for exchange of, with foreign countries. 1132 278 official, how to be eoudueted 534 127 postniasf er.s iiiu.st not allow, to pas.s into the hands of tho public 533 127 personal, negatively diliiied 232 81 postage.s (111, exchanged witli the Universal Postal Union 1108 264 rates of United States jxistage on. exchanged with foreign countries when not fixed by convention 1127 277 witii foreign eountiies not in Postal Union, and "with whom no convention exists, prepayment conipul.sory 1128 277 Postal Ifuiou countries, conditions of fonn and weight 1113 264 prepayment 1108 264 United States postage and registry for 1104 262 Post-Oflie.- Dej.artnieiit, by postmasters. {See Official cokbespojjdence.) Counlcrfipitiiig affidavits, bid.s, boud.s, etc 1245 313 mail lucks ami kevs. peuallv 1243 313 of foieimi ])esta-i-stauips, jieiialt v 1228 308 IMistaLie-stainiis. itc, penalty for 1227 307 C'ounl<-i'ettor Office, fraudulent registered matter of foreign origin, forbidden to be delivev<(l, to bo returned to 876 185 letters fniiu, to be advertised 454 116 when sender of returned registered matter not found it must be sent to 879 185 Dead letters ccmtaining money returaed back to Dcad.Letter Office, postmaster re- sponsible for loss of, when not registered 486 120 containing money returned to owners, caution in delivery of 484 120 when not delivered to be returned registered istered to Dead Letter Office 485 120 foreign, treatment of. determined by conventional stipuLitions 34 42 25 P L 386 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. Page. Dead IvCliers — Contiuned. unclaimed money in, turned into Treasury 56 49 Taluable, returned to Dead-Letter Office not inclosing money neednot be registered. 487 120 sent in search of owner must not be forwarded . . .' 488 120 witljout valuable inclosures, returaed to owners, may be forwarded 489 120 Dead uiattcr, authority of Postmaster-General to declare matter dead 468 117 definition and classification of 4.33 112 how returned to Dead-Letter Oflice 482 119 sent 1 Dead-Letter Oflice 442 114 inquiries for, to be addressed to Third Assistant Postmaster-General 21 31 record of valuable, to be kept in Dead-Letter Office 483 119 Dead persons, delivcrv of ordinary matter addressed to 285 91 registered matter for, how delivered 873 184 Dead postal cards, disposition of 480, 481 119 Dead printed matter, domestic, without obvious value, to be sold as waste-paper except that upon which postage is due 480 119 foreign, to be sent to Dead-Letter Oflice 479 119 rostmaster-General may dispose of, by regulation 478 119 Death, in case of, of sureties, new bond.s required 109 57 (if postmaster, limit of time of sureties' liability 110 57 responsibility of sureties Ill 58 Debtors, imprisoned .judgmeiit, discharge of 41 43 imprisoned judgTuent, discharge of no bar to execution of property 42 43 Debts due the Post-Ofiico De])artment, collection of, to be superintentled by Auditor. . 1144 285 not to be contracted by letter-carriers on their route 331 98 Deelared value, letters of. not admissible to Postal Union mails 1124 267 Decoy letter, stealing of, a crime 1235 311 Decreased service on mail-routes, decreased compensation for, one month's ex- tra pay as indemnity foi' 621 145 Deductions, causes for which, made from contractors' pay 668 156 for faihires to jierfonn service by mail contractors 665 156 from pay of railroad companies, for what 670 157 vouchers for, on account of expenses to be sent to Auditor 133 63 Defective key, when lock cannot be opened on account of, mail should be sent to nearest post-office to be opened 700 162 Defective lock, in case of staple of mail-bag may be cut 701 162 Deticiency in postmasters' accounts to be reported by Auditor to sureties 106 57 Definition of circulars - 217 78 ofdeadmatter 433 112 printed matter .• 219 78 unmailable matter 432 111 Delay in receipt of mails to be reported to Division Superintendents 16 28 Delegates in Congress are entitled to send and receive public documents free of postage 245,246,248 84 Delinquencies, contractors to make specific excuses for each of 667 156 of mail-carriers, fines for 665 156 Delivery and distribution, mail for, to be separately made up by employes of the Eailway Mail Service 725 167 Delivery of ordinary matter, addressed in care of another, may be to person ae of postag-e-due stamps 270-274 89 must be, to persons addressed or their order 275 90 not to be made by a postmaster when addressed to another post-oflSce 279 90 officially addressed must be to person holding the office 283 91 proof of identity may be requii ed before 277 90 to assignees, instruct Urns ((inceming 286 91 fictitious addresses jirohilated 276 90 Delivery of registered matter by cariiers, rules for 866, 867 ] 84 addressed to in.sane or deatl persons 873 184 care required in 868 184 duties of postma.sfeis in.. 865 183 nopo.stage or fee to be collected on 861 183 on order of tlii' ;iddre,ssee 870 184 lesponsihility of poslmasters for wiong 869 184 Demand on postmastei s for bahinces due the Department, evidence of 1224 305 Department, letters from Post-Ollice, legistered free 812 176 of Agriculture, Commissioner of, entitled to send reports and seeds free of postage. 247 84 Justic(\ to in.stnut district attomoys as to conduct of suits for monev due the Po.st-Office I)e]iartiiunt ". ' 1221 304 State will refund to consuls' ])Ostage advanced on letters for the United State's . . 116 281 Departments of the gdverniiieiit allowed til send packages without limit of weight. 221 79 Deposit, faihire to make, cause tor removal of jiostmaster S.'i .'>3 ])Ost masters to report cau.se of failui e to make 82 53 want of funds no exeu.se for lailure to make 8.! 53 Depositaries must make ret unis of money received and paid 71 51 INDEX. 387 I>epoiiiliit|{ poMi-odlrcct, dctiiiition of DrpoMiiory poN|.olIlcoei| defiiiilioi) of lor iiiaillia^r'*. )ist of postiiiii.sti rs nt, to k<'C}i Burplus mail bogs and locks apart from cur- nut st(>ck postniiusters Ht, to render accounts to Second ABsistant Poatmaster- Gem-nil SrpoaitH, luroiuUs of, of postal funds to bie kept separate from other public moneys. how broujjlit into tlif Tivasiiry IraiisfctTi-d letter trausiuittiiis;, to state what must be accuiately cntoreu to be fuiiiK-iit .. made liy postiiiastcrs without risk to lU-partmeut ]>epr<-rN<-rtioii of the mail liy i)ersouiii charge, penalty !><'>• I ;:iiM may 1><- iiiailid as foiirthelass matter !>(■.« troyiMl poNins**-Htanips, etc., how to obtain credit for I>e»t(riiciive niatli-r, (-Set- UN>fA)LAHU-; matter.) how to be jirepared for mailing when mailable DelcclivcM. (,SV(' Si'EcTAi. AiiU.vrs.) Detciilioii of mail matter unlawful, penalty ]>im-l pac-knjses, how made by employtsof Kailway Mail Service how til make, at po.stofHces Disability, employes of Kailway Mail Service to furnish certificate of, on applica- tion lor sick leave . . Distribution and dispatch of niaiis at poMt-offlces. appointment of Super- intendents of Mails to direct by schemes States, how to make up packages changes desired in forwarding mails to be reported to Division Superintendent disposition of facing slijis received duties of Superintendents of Mails errors in distribution, how checked to be recorded by Superintendents of Mails to be checked by employes of RiiUway Mail Seixice failure to receive faciiig slips to be reported for States, when to bo made hooks prohibited in handling mail-matter incompetent distributing ch-rks to bo removed irregularities in receipt of mail to be reported letters not to be placed under straps of pnuilns returned, after cancelLiig stamjjs, for mailing on trains local mail for railway and steamlmat "Ottiees, " liow di8i)atched Ottices to have diret'tiou marked thereon make direct jiackages for post-offices on star routes making direct packages matter foi- delivery and matter for distribution to be made up separately not local sent to railway Offices to be made up by States sent from post-ofhce on star route to go beyond tenuinal post-office to be made up by States no changes to be maile in, without orders from Sujierintendent Railway Mail Service. orders relating to, to be entered in an order-book by postmasters record of errors in distribution to be furnished postmasters time of closing mails through j)ouclie8 not to be forwarded by niail-Ui; ins under orders of General Superintendent of K.'.ilway Mail Service, general rules for. use of facing slips unworkod mail received, to be rej)orted Discontinuance of post-office to be certified to Auditor Dissolved firm, delivery of matter addressed to District attorneys prosecuting suits for Dei)artment, to obey instructions from Department of Justice District courts (of United States), .jurisdiction of, under postal laws Division of Inspection, contractors to make stpecidc excuses to, for each failure or delinquency delinijueneirs of mail-carriers and contractors to be reported to instructiiin.-t to postmasters relative to paying employes of the Railway Mail Serv- ice furnislied l)y ' receipts for payinent by postmasters to acting employes of the Railway Mail Service to be sent to ." ' '. Divisions of Railway Mail Service, territory comin'ised in Division Superintendents of Railway .^lail Service, absence of facing slips on mail to be lejiorted to. liy employes of Railway Mail Service accidents to mail-trains to be reported to assignment of chief head clerks by certificates of disability to be forwarded to, by employes changes of railroad sdiedules to be reported to, by employes of Railway Mail Serv- ice '. daily reports of loc.al agents to delays in receipt of mail to be reported to, by postma sters designation by, of place of keeping employe's' record of arrivals and departures facing slips received by emplov68 to be forwarded to failures to receive regiilar exchange pouches to be reported to, by employ6s S*i: Page. 76 52 76 52 683 159 685 160 684 150 69 51 07 50 68 51 79 52 70 51 74 51 78 52 492 121 1163 288 1240 312 13 27 167 69 223 79 1232 309 726 167 394 106 748 169 413 107 ■isr, 105 387 105 404 106 398 106 414 107 397 106 415 108 729 107 399 106 386 105 405 106 425 109 402 106 407 107 406 107 388 105 390 105 391 105 394 100 393 106 389 105 393 105 384 105 421 108 417 108 410 107 403 106 383 105 396 106 401 106 99 55 288 91 1221 304 1206 301 667 166 mi loft 509 12a 513 123 707 16a 733 167 788 172 707 16a 713 164 748 lf!9 745 16» 799 174 16 2& 749 16» 730 167 773 171 388 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. Page. JDiTision Superintendents of Rail^vay in[ail Service— Continued. irregularities in forwarding mails to be reported 4o, by employes of the Railway Mail Service 774 171 mail-messenger service to be reported to, by local agents 797 173 letters found outside of or under straps of pouches to be reported to, by employes of Railway Mail Service 746 163 local agents to apply to, for leave of absence 803 174 notify of changes of schc'dulc, etc 795 173 under supervision of, record of errors of local agents to be kept by 794 173 mail-keys and other post-office property to be turned over to, by retiring employes of Railwiiy Mail Service 765 170 not to recommend aijjjointmeuts 712 164 permission of, required for leave of absence of and employment of substitutes by employes of Railway Mail Service 747 169 promotions of employes based upon reports of 710 164 registered package receipts improperly lilled out to be reported to 949 195 report to bo made to. by employes of Railway Mail Service when mails are exposed at portages between trains . .'. 738 168 Tesignatious of employes of Railway Mail Service to be forwarded to 766 171 to be kept advised of addicsses of employes 753 169 notified of changes needed in offices 785 172 trip-reports to be made to, by employes of Railway Mail Sei'vico 737 168 unmailable and misdirected matter to be forwarded to, by employes of Railway Mail Service .'. 740 168 unmailal)lu matter sent to, to be postmarked in offices 743 168 show name of employs sending 741 168 Documents, Congressional, free of postage under omcial frank 245, 246, 248 84 Dogs, Iftttr-carriers not to deliver mail where dangerous dogs are kept 364 101 Uoiibt, i)ostiiiiistt>rs in, to a.sk instructions 536 127 Doubtful publications to be referred to First Assistant Postmaster-General 188 73 Draft poiKt-ofiices, duties of postmasters at 76 52 postmasters at, not to honor drafts upon other post-offices 92 54 Draft!^, application to Auditor for duplicate of lost, how made . . .■ 1203 300 application to Auditor for renewal of lost, must prove non-payment 1202 300 collection, lost, how renewed 1205 301 deposited with bids for carrying the mail, when forfeited 585 139 returned to unsuccessful bidders . . 586 139 duplicate, tenor, force, and effect of 1204 300 dailuro to pay, cause for i-emoval of postmaster 85 53 for collection of postal funds from postmasters and others, how made by Auditor . . 1192 299 non-payment of, to be reported to Auditor by collecting postmaster 1195 299 not issued for money-order funds 1200 300 only to be paid by the office on which drawn 92 54 postmasters may be removed lor failing to collect 1198 300 neglecting to collect, charged w ith amount of 1197 299 to report cause of failure to collect amount of, to Auditor, &c 1196 299 returned unpaid, Auditor will cause suit to be l)rought upon 1199 300 upon postmasters and others for collection of balances must be promptly paid 1193 299 payment of, to be rejiorted to Auditor by collecting postmaster '. 1194 299 Drop-letters may be forwarded three miles to a jjost-offlce, when 431 111 rates of postage on 178 72 request on oue to return to another post-office, not regarded 463 117 Duplicate ^Tarrant, how obtained from Auditor 1201 300 tenor, force, and .effect of 1204 300 Duties on printed matter, except books, abolished 1134 281 on single books may be remitted when 1135 281 treatment of articles in the mails liable to 1133 280 Ecuador, special postal arrangements with 1126 274 JSlectric pen. {See Printed matteb.) £nibe2zlentent of letters containing inclosures, penalty 1230 308 postmasters and otln i officers of the postal service failing to deposit postal revenues in Treasury siiiilty ot, peii:ilty : 1249 314 Employes of Railway ITlail Service, absence of facing slips on mail to be re- ported by, to Division Superintendent 733 167 absences of, in case of, with and without leave, must employ substitutes 747 169 accountability of, in charge of Offices 718 166 acting, authority for paying 512 123 definition of 511 123 manner of paying 513 123 appointment of, for six months on probation, permanent appointment after exami- nation 710 164 not to be recommended by Division Superintendents 712 164 case examinations of 780 172 courtesy enjoined uiion 790 172 delivery by, of mail in transit, forbidden 769 171 of mail by, to catch shUions 791 173 directions to, for making direct jjackages 726 167 distribute contents of oiio mad-bag before opening another 732 167 distribution of mails by schemes 731 167 duties of, on night lines 783 172 errors in distribution and dispatch of mails to bo checked by 729 167 Postal (Tuid(> to be repoited by 715 166 examination of, in postal laws and regulations 716 166 upon their instructions 781 172 exchange of letter-mails by, to be ui lacked pouches 771 171 INDEX. 389 Sec. Pngc Euiploy^ of Knilwny .Tliiil N4>rvirf>— <'iiiiiiuu(.'(l. laein}: ^lips nrcivcd liy. to l>c lorwanli Hivision Superintt-ndonts 730 1C7 to lie nsrd liv. in what iiiaiiuci' 7i* lff7 forbitldiTi to s to ln> sent to sent to or riiii\icl iiom fi)n>ign countries to bo postmarked at... regi.strv-return-receipts for iii;it tir siiit ti> fDreign countries to be made out at Expenditures, no allowance for, made in absence of vouchers special i)ermission required .for, at money-order post-offices, out of money-order proceeds Expenses at jjost-offices may be deducted from receipts at post-offices, voucher.s for deduetions for incidental, allowances for Express companies m:iy rvJco ; 728 167 cxiuiiiiiiition of, by sii|M'rint<'i)il<'iit!t of mailit at post-otHccs 416 108 ("irors, liow to lie nott'il tlii-roon 397 lOfi how obtiiiiicd liv ixi.stiiiiistoi'H 400 106 >is(v i'iiii)lov6s of IJailwav Mail SiTviee to lie Ibrwanli-d to Diviaiun Supcrin- t. iit Postmasteu-Genf.isal.) F'iiinncial condition of Post-Oflice Department at close of flscal year ; report of Audi till 4.'i 45 Fines anti iorfeitures, half of amount recovered to be paid to informer 63 50 how and by wliom remitted 40 43 imposed fur violatiun of postal laws, oolleetiou of, to be superintended by Auditor. 1144 285 on contractors, fur what 669 157 of contractors' jiay. for what made 668 156 goods containinii letters unlawfully can'ied 565 133 one day's pay by employes of Railway JkTail Service for failure to sign record of aniials and departures 749 169 tunied in to Treasury .56 49 upon railroad cunipanies 670 157 First Assistant Postniastrr-Oeneral. business of office of 27 39 application fur allowances at iiosl-ottices made to 128 63 appointiiieuts of imstmasters issued by 102 56 doubtful jiublieations to be referred to. for decision as to rate of postage on 188 73 false evidence submitted as to character of publications to be reported to 198 75 letter-carriers' bonds to be returned to 320 96 may sign what contracts 48 46 oaths of otiice of assistant postmasters and clerks to be filed with 519 125 IKJstmasteis' bonds to be approved by 48 46 roster of clerks at post-oflBces to be approved bv, before allowance for clerk hire is made ." 131 63 to be furnished inventory of what jiublic property at post-offices 516 124 First-class niail-uiatter. detiiiition of 177 73 all matter not open for exaiuination held to bo '. 182 72 mit to be held unmailable on mere suspicion 434 , 112 rates of imstage on 178 72 received in Viad order, how treated 382 105 First <"oMi|>lrollcr, appeal to. fnuii deeisi4 154 contractors for carrying, may be lined 655 154 contracts for canying, may be terminated by Congress 0.56 154 term of •i52 153 exchange of correspondence with Canada not governed by Convention of Paris 1107 263 howcarried 653 1.54 inquiries relative to, to be addressed to Sni)erintendeut of 1132 278 in tr.ansit throuch the United States to be treated as domestic 651 153 metric weights usrd for 1105 262 may be tiaiispurted through the United States 650 153 miscellaneous regiilations'and suggestions regarding 1132 273 liostaue and reuistration fee on correspondence with" Postal Union countries 1104 262 Superintendent of, business of otiice of 27 41 1 1 eatmeut of dutiable articles in 1133 280 Foreign matter, delivery of, when received registered 906 189 ueneral rules for registration of 898 188 niisdireeted registered, .should be sent to exchange post-office 901 180 postmasters legist i-riug, should consult Postal G-uicle 900 188 registered, forwaided within Postal Union 912 190 liable to customs duty, how treated 910 190 packages inclosiu,!!, to be niarkee Deah .^[AT•rI■■.^{.) to be sent weekly to Dead-Let tar to exi cution on property 42 43 Incidental expenses at jiost-ofHces, allowance for 124 62 Inclosiires, jienalty for euil>czy.liiig letters containing 1230 308 Increased celerity on mail-routes, determination of compensaticm for 620 145 increased couiix-nsatiou for 619 145 Increased service OH mail-routes, inereu.sed compensation for ObS 145 Indebtedness of postmasters, sureties not responsildc for, when suit is not instituted within three, years after elo.se of accounts 115 58 Indemnity, bond of, to accompany ai>]»lication for renewal of lost warrant or draft . . 1201 300 Indictment for enibez/leuunt of ietters containing inclosures, how drawn 1230 308 Information concerning letters, etc., not to be given to unauthorized persons by era- liloy6s of Kailway Mail Service '64 170 Informer to receive half of penalties and forfeitures recovered for violations of postal laws 63 50 Initial post-oflices, mails to and from, to be accompanied bv employ6s of Hallway Mail Service ... • 755 169 Injunctions of courts to be respected by postmasters in the delivery of mail 290 92 Inland transportation. (&e JfAli- cONTltAi 1^.) Insane persons, uioney-(nders for. how paid 1028 210 registered matter for, how delivered ''73 184 Insolvency, in case of, of sureties, new bonds required 109 .57 Inspection l>i vision, business of 27 40 duplicates of reports to. to be preserved in post-offices 601 155 reports ot arrivals and departures of mail, of failures and complaints, to be made to. 6.")8 155 to. how and when to be forwarded 660 155 special reports of mail-service to be made to, when 659 155 Instructions for opening mail and placing same on deliverj' 265 88 to fourth-class jiost masters for keeping accoiu\ts 1178 292 jiost masters concern lug delivery of niailiuatter in dispute 289 91 Insufliciently prepaid matter. [See rNi'AiD maitek,) 394 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. Page. Insurance companies, printed documents of, filled out in writing, third-class matter 232 81 Insurance policy, printed, flUed out in writiug, third-clsvss matter 232 81 Interest not to be drawn by postmasters on deposits of postal funds 73 51 rate of, on balances due Department 1220 304 International postal cards to be issued by Postmaster-General 141 65 to 1 )»' used for card coiTespondence within Universal Postal Union 1119 266 Intoxicating liquors, use of, on duty, by employes of Railway Mail Service for- bidden ". 768 171 Inventories of public property at post-offices by incoming postmasters 515 124 of public property at post-ollices, how disposed of 516 124 to be kept by the Postmaster-General 30 42 Investment of proceeds of attached property to be in what 1211 302 Ireland. (See Great Britain.) Irregii larities hi distribution of mail received to be reported by poi^tmasters 402 106 ii? forwarding the mail to be reported to Division Superintendent by employes of Kailway Mail Service - 774 171 Italy, money-orders exchanged with 1055 217 prohibiteii matter in the mails to 1121 266 Jeivelry. (/See Unjiailable matter.) cannot be registered to foreign countries 904 189 Judges, district or cu-cuit, to make preliminary examination of persons arrested for mail depredations 495 121 .iurisdiction of, over offenses against postal laws 16 37 of any court of record in the United States are authorized to administer oaths in re- lation to settlement of accounts 1149 286 Judgment at return term iu suits under postal laws 1219 304 may be compromised by Auditor, when 1147 285 Juries, postmasters not exempted from serving on 6 27 Jurisdiction of justices of the peace, magistrates, or other judicial officers over offenses against the postal laws 52 47 of United States courts of causes arising under postal laws 1206 301 over offen.ses against postal laws 16 37 Justices of thepeace are authorized to administer oaths in relation to settlement ofaccoimts 1149 286 jurisdiction of, over offenses against the postal laws 16 37 may examine persons arrested'lbr violations of postal laws 15 36 postmasters may hold office of, without violating President's order 321 Keys {see M.vil keys) 1243 313 mail, penalty for stealing or forging 1243 313 Ij abcls, applic"ations for, by postmasters, to whom made 409 107 on mail-bags to be returned to post-ofhce of origin 408 107 to be returned to Office or post-office whence received 736 167 Iiaud Grant Railroads must carry mails at rates fixed by Congress 637 151 latis fixed by Congress for carrying mails on 638 151 iia'w clerk of Dejmrtment to supervise correspondence on postage and classifi- cation of mail-matter 27 39 IiaiTs, changes in, how noted 353 lieares of absence of local agents, how obtained 803 174 of letter-caiTier.s, how obtained 325 96 of ctnploy6s of Eailway MaU Service, how obtained 747 169 Ijcdger account, amounts of Auditor's drafts collected by postmasters tobe entered upon 1194 299 Auditor will charge upon, amount of collection-drafts neglected to be collected by postmasters '. 1197 299 blanks for, furnished to Presidential post-oflices only 118" 297 form of, for fourth-class post-olfices 1190 297 postmasters to compare with Auditor's statement of 1186 297 quarterly statement of, how different from quarterly account-current 1183 296 never to bo inclosed with quarterly account-current 1184 296 not required from fourth-class post-offices 1188 297 to be sent to Auditor by postmasters at Presidential post- offices only 1180 296 transmitted to Auditor before 20th day of next quarter. 1189 297 to bo kept by postmasters with the United States 1179 296 what to be entered on credit side 1182 296 debit side 1181 296 retained by postmasters as vouchers to 1185 296 IiCgal tender, no money not, to be received by postmasters, except national bank- notes .' ; '. 89 53 liCtter-balances, tests of, by standiird weights, how made 18 28 Iietter-box. {See Eeceivixg-box.) for mail at third and fourth class post-offices, fonn of 528 126 Iictter-boxes. (See Stueet jiailixu coxes.) penalty for injuring , 334 98 mail-matter deposited in 1229 308 street, establishment of 333 98 injuries to, to be reported by carriers 335 98 Iictter-boxcs iu post-ofBccs, amount t£ rent for, to be reported quarterly by post- master; penalty for failing to report 299 93 erected by holders at their expense', rent to bo collected as long as used 305 94 list of holders of, to be ke))t by postmaster 298 93 may bo erected by box-holders at their own expense 296 93 postmaster at his own oxi)onse 295 92 names of holders not to bo disclosed by postmasters 306 94 not to bo rented for imi)ropcr puiposes 304 93 record of receipts for rent of, to be turned over to successor by retiring postmaster. 303 93 INDKX. 395 £ I'mploycd uutil n])poiiitcd by Department 323 apiilicalioiis lor appointiiii'nt as, how made ." 319 applications for (.vet 1''jii;i;-iii;liv!;hy s^vsikm) .'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.. 3l(( ajipointnu nts and iiroinotioim of, how niadu 11] 3pj auxiliary apiiointmcnt of, autliorized .'.'.'.'. 311 bonds and oaths of olliii- of, to bo returned to First Assistant Postmastcr-Genorai. . 3'2 tested frequently 351 how appointed 317 leaves of ahscnee of 305 may be eniphiyed in post-ofliee durimr iutei-vala between trips 324 sell stamps in limited (inantitics, when S.IS must beware of doiis 3f>} not contract debts on their routes 331 deliver mail-matter before it has passed through post-oftice 348 mat ter iu 1 lie strei^ts 344 deviate from routes, must not show letters, etc 348 receive money to pay iicisTaL;e on inatti r handed Ibeni for mailing 347 return to any person ht tci s ilejiosited in street mailing-boxes 300 solicit couiribiitions, I'fc 332 receive properly-stamped letters for mailing 347 report injuries to s( net mailing-boxes 3.3.") retui-n mail-keys and s.vtehels to post-office after last delivery 35!) supply their own uuifonus '. 32t) Wear uniform on duty, etc 330 write reason for iion-di'livery on undeliveied matter 349 names of, must apjiear in legistrv-delivery-book 8fi7 no fees to be ])aid to, iqion matter delivered 337 not to dili ver matter at unoccupied premises 343 number of, limited 314 penalty for absence without leave by 326 assaulting, when on duty and in uniform 334 qualifications of, for ajipointiuent 3I.S salaries of 310 substitutes, how a])pointed 321 temporary, may be ajipoiuted by postmasters 322 must take oath of oihcc 322 to be employed in what cities 307 obey orders of postmasters 31J2 make lirst trip as early as possible 342 uuifonu, penalty for unlawfully wearing 327 prescribed for .' 3".'8 Kiettcr-cuvcloiics, return, retui'ii stamps, when to be canceled 376 IjTttrr of tj-aiimniittal, piiri)ort of, to accompany deposits 79 liOiicrsheel envelopes, rostmaster-General may issue 143 IjCtlcrs. (,SV(; First-class .MA riF.i:.) addressed to a ilefunct lirm or <-orpoiatiou. to be delivered to representatives 287 dissolved tinu or partneiship, how disposed of 288 deceased persons, how tn^ated ; 28.'J minors, to be controlled by parents, guardians, etc 284 after stamjis are canceled, not to be retui-ued for mailing on train 40(j allowance for advertising 1171 carried by foreign vessels, must be received from and delivered to post-offices 1138 containing inclo.sures, penalty for embezzlement 1230 dead, containing money, to be returned to owners 484 when to be sent to Dead-Letter Office, and how 485, 486, 487 when to be forwarded by postmasters to other offices, and when not 488, 489 delivery of. {See Dklivehy ok matteu.) incloseil in stamped envelopes, may be conveyed outside the mail, except ^. .. 568 for foreign countries, can only be sent from post-offices 5«'.l from Pension Office, to be (hdivered to address 281 local, (jnl.y returned to writer at other pest-office, when luopaid 403 may be conveyed out of the mail without conipen.sation by private hands 567 registered, to wliat foreign countries '. 900 witlidra^Nai from mailing post-office in certain cases 201, 292 must not Ix; delayed on account of other mail 369 placed in pouch loose 395 loo.se in jiouches by eiuployfis of the Eailway Mail Service 727 not to be placed under straps of pouches '. .' 407 of 11 dep.'irt ment, bureau, or office of the government, free of postage 2 19. 250, 251 declared value, not admissible, to Po.stal Union mails 1124 officially addressed, must be delivered to person holding the office 283 of postmasters to Department 538 opened by mist ake by person of same name 278 outside of' or under strap of pouches, to be reported to Division SuperintendejQt by employes of Eailway Mail Service 740 Pago. 59 CO 03 03 03 03 00 06 00 95 05 90 00 101 95 184 100 90 06 00 100 101 08 100 09 100 100 101 101 98 98 100 184 99 09 06 07 08 90 05 06 96 90 94 101 09 97 97 103 52 65 91 01 91 91 107 289 283 308 120 120 120 134 132 01 117 IM 188 02 102 106 167 107 85 207 91 127 90 168 396 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. Ijetters— Continued. penalty for detention of, by postmaster intercepting, embezzling, destroying, etc., by persons not in the postal service opening, destroying, secreting, or embezzling, by persons in the postal service sending, through the mails with intent to defraud prepayment on, optional to Postal Union countries received unsealed, to be sealed and .stamped by postmaster registered, rules for senders of relating only to cargo of vessel, may be carried outside of mail seized for violation of law, how di.sposed of ship, addressed to a foreign country, no fee on • brought by jjassengers or sailois, no fee allowed to be delivered "to legal assignees or receivers withoilt opening to have preference over other matter in dispatch unlawfully carried out of the mails may be seized or detained concealed in goods, entail forfeiture of goods valuable dead, record of when to be marked ' ' ship " "steamboat'' withdrawal of, after mailing. (See Withdraw.\l of jiatter. ) beyond mailing post-office only allowed by authority of Postmaster- General .' .' from maUing post-ofBce may be refused with one full rate prepaid forwarded at request of person addressed liights, allowance for, only made to post-offices of first and second classes liiiuit of salaries of postmasters liiiuit of ■»veight to four pounds for thii'd and fourth class matter only r^iq uor. intoxicating, not to be sold in post-office room l.ilhogi-apIis. (/S'ee Pelxtetj jiatter.) lioca I agents, courtesy in dealing with the public enjoined upon daily reports of, to Division Superintendents examination of fovemed by general instructions to employes of Railway Mail Service andling of registered matter by T \ leaves of absence of, how procured record of arrivals and departures of mails transferred at stations by report in-egularities in mail-messenger service to Division Supeiintendent to assist in transfer and delivery of mails, dispatch missent mails by proper trains, notify DiN-ision Sviperintendeiit.s t)f changes of schedule tinder supervision of Division Superintendent only vigUancc required of, in guarding the mails Ivoclis. {Sec Mail-locks.) Hiock-boxcs. (&e Letter-boxes in post-office?.) erected by box-holders at their own expense are property of the Department Hiondon international exchange post-office for money-orders - lioss of quarterly returns in transmission Kiosses in tlu- mails to be promptly reported to Chief Special Agent what facts reports of, must state Ijost matter, inquiries for, to be addressed to Chief Special Agent IjOsI postage-stamps to be charged to postmasters liotteries. ( .SV e Fraudulext schemes.) jjostmasters forbidden to act as agents for lf words in law ■ iiitcinleil to l)e conveyed by'' ITlailable njatter, iinstiuastc-vs uliliuid to register . ." sent to Division Superintcndtut by tniploy^'S of Railway Mail Service as immaila- blc to be cbi'cked as errors '. ". '. mail-agentM. loieigii, appointment and payment of in (Jhiiia .mil Japan ". on 00 fill 1 .'^tiaiiiers route, > iiijilcjyment and pay of Mail apai-tiueiits to be provided on mail steamboats (see Offices) Mnil-bags, applications for additional, to state what applications toi-, to be made to Second Assistant Postmaster-General state what communications concerning, to be addressed to Second Assistant Postmaster-Gen- eral contents of one, to be distributed before another is opened by employes of Railway Mail Service . .'. canvas, to be turned inside out when emptied by employes of Railway Mail Service. damaged, to bo sent to established repair shops' dcpositoiics of, to render accounts to Second Assistant Postmaster-General list of different kinds of eqnal exchange and reciprocal return of Sec. Page. 310 1233 309 1246 314 1108 264 382 105 814 177 561 132 566 134 259 87 260 87 286 91 282 91 369 102 564 133 565 133 483 119 259 87 262 87 294 92 293 92 371 103 129 63 122 62 221 79 523 125 804 174 799 174 eOO 174 805 174 802 174 803 174 801 174 798 174 797 173 795 173 794 173 796 173 296 93 1045 214 1169 289 490 120 491 121 20 31 173 70 541 128 227 80 226 80 1132 279 524 125 10 37 52 47 16 37 1231 309 809 176 742 168 19 37 21 38 20 38 22 38 608 144 691 160 674 158 673 158 705 162 732 167 734 167 679 159 684 109 683 159 671 157 681 159 . INDEX. 397 Seo. Paga J?Iail-bngs — Coutiuuod. every niail-ronte to bo siipiiliod with 072 168 faatcniutrstiap of, never to be cut 70« 102 found in bad order in transit, to bo repaired 876 1G8 hooks ])rolubitcd in handling, by eiuployfs 789 172 potttniaatcrs 405 106 in which Congressional docunientti were sent, to bo returned to Waaliington, D, C. . 678 158 mutihitiou of, forbiiklen 077 158 only to be used for transmission of niail-niattor 086 160 penalty for ihutilating with intent to steal or rob the mail 1242 312 stealing or diverting, from proper uso 1241 312 pouches to be thoroughly examined wucn emptied by employes of Railway Mail Service .-.." 735 107 purchase of, by jiostnuistors forbidden 689 ICO record of outgoiiiL: ;iih1 incoming, to bo kept 682 150 repairs of, by ])ostiii;ist(T'8 675 158 surplus at dei)ositoriis, to bo kept apart from current stock 685 160 surplus of, not to bo accumulated at jjost-oflices 680 150 to bo carefully handled by mail-carriers 614 146 unlawful use "of, to be reported to the I)ei)artment 704 162 waste and abuse of, to be prevented 688 160 when opened at ])08t-oftices, to be carefully examined 4)1 107 supplied to pultlisliers 687 160 Mail-carriers ex(iii]itiil from militia duty 6 27 must lie over sixteen years old 604 156 need nut leave team to deliver mail at way post-offices 662 155 not allowed to receive or deliver obscene matter, etc 225 70 not to be entrusted with registered matter outside pouch 833 170 penalty for desertion of mail by 1240 312 postmasters to report delinipient 663 156 special delinriueneies of, to l)e reported 664 156 to receive properly prepaid matter and deliver it for mailing at next post-office at which they arrive 628 148 ITIail-cars. (See Offices.) Mail-catchers, how funiished 690 160 Mail-coutractors combining to prevent bids for carrying the mail, to forfeit contract and Ite disqualified for five years from caixying the mail 589 140 debts due the Department may be transferred to 60 49 failing to perform sei-^'ice, Postmaster-General may contract with next lowest bid- der; etc 604 142 to carry all mails and care for mail-bags 614 145 s])i-(ial agents and ]>ostal siqudics free 615 145 Mail-contracts, annulment of, for what causes 613 144 assignment or transfer of, prohibited and null 023 146 awarded to lowest bidder 001 141 between Fnited .Stares and foreign ports limited to two years 607 144 copiis try advertisements in 227 80 eaniple copies not entitled to free county delivery 244 84 ofnewsp:ii)er8, etc., allowed to be sent by newe-agents 195 74 INDEX. 399 S.-C. niail-ninltor— Continiii'd. s*"coiul class, scpMriiU'iulvortlKfiiKiit slu'Ctn in iu'Wh|iU)ii'1m, etc., uol allowed Ht'Cuiiil' <'lii88 riit<-s 210 siH'Oiul I (IIii-hIvc Htamp for 191, 192 how used 1.10 to lie wii^ilicd ill bulk 19a wlifii HusiKictcd to t'oiitiiin unlawful inattf>r abould bo dctuincd 211 of third class, dctinitioii of aift manner of present iiig for mailing 237 iniiy contain what , 238 permissible writing on , 232 other than letters, may be delayed when ncressary to expcdit« letter-mail HOO local, sent to railroad and Hteamsbi]) lines 389 penalty for bein;|; accessory after t lie fact to stalling of 1248 detaininjr, in a post-otlice 12.TJ inteicei)ting or secreting y>'M stealing, delainintr, or destro^ving newspapers 12J7 or wi reiniiieil before delivering 277 recei%'ed for regislialioii, to be entered on registration-book, numbered, and receipt therefor to be given the sender 819 refused, disposition of 471, 472 returned from Dead-Letter Office should be advertised 454 return of diad, to lie forw.-irdcd even when there is none to be sent 473 second, third, and fourth class may be examined by receiving postmasters 26C not to contain proliibiti'd writing 233 IKiniissiblo additions to (in writing, etc.) 231 to be open for examination 182 sent Irom post-office on stage-i'oute to go beyC and undelivered, advertisement of 444 fin.Tl di.sposition of 469 official, to be treated as card-matter 4.59 nndelivered, reasons to be shown for iion-dclivery 470 unlawfully detaining, opening, or destroying, penalty 1233 nnmailabfe, definition and classification of 432 how to make up, and transmit retums of 443 reaching destinat ion, lu)W treated 475 received from railway 'Offices, how treated 435 to bo returned to sender, when 437, 438 .sent to Dead-Letter Office 431 how often and in what manner 441, 442 nnpaid, double postage to be charged on delivery 267 how to be treated at free-delivery post-offices, if unable to deliver 273 not to be delivered until post-agc is paid 268 penalty for failing to affix poatage-due-stamps to, before delivery 271 postagc-dut-stamps to be affixed to, before delivery 270 time of affixing postage-due-stamps to 272 valuable dead, record of 483 weight at time of mailing determines rate of postage on 269 who may have access to, in post-offices 520 withflrawal of, beyond mailing post-office only allowed by authority of Postmaster- Ceneral " 294 when permitted 291, 292 when refused 293 miail^nirsiiien^crs, postmasters to report to Thiril Assistant Postmaster-General amount paad to 81 registered matter not to bo intrusted to, except, in pouches 833 when and how employed; how paid; duties of; no compen.sation to postmaster acting as ; must take oath of office 627 under super visiim of local agents 797 IVaiUrobbcrH, arrest of, to be reported to United States district attorney 494 postmasters must try to apprehend, when 496 preliminary exiiniination ot 495 inail-robbefy , in vicinity of post-office, duties of postmaster 496 penalty for ." 1238 attempting 1239 punishment of accessory to, after the fact 1247 recovery of money in case of, how disposed of 497 to be immediately reported 492 reported to Chief Special Agent 493 mail-route messengers, (see Emi-loyes ON THE Railway Mafl SKR\acE) 709 ITIaiUroutcs (see Post Roai'8), special service on new, may be extended one year inails, attempt to fob, penalty 1239 Canadian and other foreign', may be transported through the United States 650 not to be opened within reach of unauthorized persons 621 Page. 77 74 6H 74 T7 78 M 83 81 103 105 314 309 310 311 310 103 12ft 12S 103 90 178 118 116 118 88 82 81 72 105 118 311 115 91 100 90 117 114 117 116 117 309 111 114 118 112 113 111 113 88 89 88 89 119 92 92 92 .52 179 147 173 121 121 121 121 312 312 314 121 121 121 164 354 312 153 125 400 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. Sec. Page. Alails — ContiuueLl. on railroads to be weighed under instructions from Postmaster-General 633 150 opening of, instructions for 265 88 penalty for desertion of, by person in charge 1240 312 Postmaster-General may contract for carrying domestic mails through a foreign country 649 153 robbery of, penalty for _ 1238 312 stopping over night must be kept in post-ofiice ' 412 107 time of closuig, prescribed by law 368 102 regulation under law 410 107 to be accompanied in transfer by local agents 796 173 to and from initial and teiininal post-offices by employSs of the Eail way Mail Service 755 169 carried by ships 252, 253 86 vigilant guard over, by employes of Railway Mail Service 738 168 ]TIail-steauiboa.t!s, lett"ers on, how disposed of 261 87 ITIail-ti-ains, accidents to, to be reported to Division Superintendents 788 172 I?£ail ve-sscls, no fees to, for ship-letters 263 87 Manifolding not printing, and therefore first-class matter 220 78 ITIaiiiiscript of all kinds tirst-class mail-matter 177 72 Maps fourth-class matter when made with pen 221 79 post-route, prepared by Topographer for use of Department, for sale to indi- viduals when, titc 27 39 Marking stamps. (See Dated stamps.) Married >vonien may be appointed postmasters 105 50 not accepted as mail-contractors 595 141 Marinc'8 Icttcris may be forwarded unpaid, how 179 72 Masters of vessels shall not receive ships fees on printed matter 264 87 shall Deceive mail 252, 253 86 Mayor of city authorized to administer oaths in relation to settlement of accounts . . 1149 286 may examine persons arrested for violation of postal laws 16 37 Marshals to make returns to Auditor of proceedings upon process of execution 1225 306 Member of Congress. (See Fkankinu pkivilege.) Merchandise. (Sec Fourth-class matter. See Samples of merchandise.) cannot be registered to foreign countries 904 189 not admissible to foreign mails except as bona-flde samples without salable value.Tr22 , 1132 280 Metals, samples of. (See Fourth-class matter.) Metric system of weights and measures used for foreign correspondence 1105 262 Mexico, cxchanso post-offices for 1125 273 Militia duty, jioshnasters and mail-carriers exempted from 6 7! Mincralogical s]>«-ciincns. (»S'(?« FouitTH-CLASS MATTER.) Minor.s c;i'uuut lie niijioiiited postmasters 108 57 letters to, to be controlled by parents, guardians, etr ntlvii-cH — ('(iiitiiiiiiil. cXHiiuiii'il ■!• a wei-k tor those inuii' tliun il yi-ar olil instructions for nuikiiii; out ". invalid, uion- thiin a yi-iir olil. rctiinieil to I>i-|iartiiii-nt niissent to wron;^ iiost-otHi-r, to lir |iruni|itly rcniaili'tl to ilfstination niissin>;. in<|uirv tor, to \>e niaiU- " name ofiiayini; post-otHcc to In- written in full u]ion ■- omitted anil defect ivi- Idanks tor, to lie report I'd receijit of neiessary liefore money -oriler ran lie paid repayment of money-order, liow noted upon rejieated failure to receive, from any one po.st-oHice must lie reported retained upon tile for four years special iiistru<-tions for forwardini; - of rejiayment of money-order, ■when sent to be sent without delay to iiostiuasters upon wiiom money-orders are drawn stamped with a sjieiial stamp imiiaid. less than two weeks olil, how lejiorteil in weekly statements ITIoiK-y-ortlrr biiMiiirMM. a< counts of how to lie kept \iy Auditor domestic, compensation to ] post masters for transacting international, ;;eiieral rules for compen-sation for letters upon. toSupcriiiti iideut, to lie in separate envelopes without other iuclosiirus. net proceeds of. turned into Treasury jiayiuents on account of. not to lie entered on account-current 3Iouf'>--ortl<-r roiivciitioiini, Postma.ster-General may conclude with foreign postal aclministiatioiis '. Moncy-ortler fiiiKlH. credits for, on Xew York, how drawn upon ciedits on Xew York allowed for collection-drafts not drawn upon, suit ajrainst late postmaster for daily remittances of, how made receipted for not credited until receipt is obtained i-ejiorts of remittances received deliuition of. Assistant Treasurer of tlie United States to open an account for deposit of, in national banks iiemiitted other than national banks forbidden. drafts for, must be on iirinteil forms only embezzlement of, penalty for 1 fixed reserve, how determined not to be paid out upon contractors' orders posta-ie funds, how transfeired to receipts and pajinents of, how entered on ca.sh-book regulations for postal funds do not apply to , . remittances and deposits must be promptly made of.... l(j.S.'> of, special iiistrmtions for making special drafts for, in emergencies drawer to be provided for, to keep .separate from all other cash on hand transfer of postal revenues to, by Postuiastir-General to postmasters and creditors by Postmaster-General transferred from postage a<-count. how enteied in cash-book unpaid advices less than two weeks old. how rejiorti-d in weekly statement of weekly statements of, at close of (piarter. how made " form for how transmitted made up every Saturday must be promptly transmitted "no business'' reiiuired from postmasters to 111' numbered consecutively from January 1st, each year .. vouchers, accompanying Money-order Post-ofllceiii, account-books, blanks, and circulars, furnished to bond reipiired of postmasters at circulars and instiaictions received by postmasters at, to be kept on file for reference. cla.ssification of '. has no referen.-e to classification of iiost-orti<-es under laws fixing salaries clerks and ])ostmasters at, prohibited from filling up apjilications for money -orders . at, paiil out of postal funds, not to be employed in money -order business compensation to postmasters at, limit of ". T discontinuance ot. to be carefully noted expenditures at, for money-order business, not allowed without authority from De- partment I gold premium to be kept on file at what incidental exjienses at, liow allowed new po.stmasters at, todiOiit themselves with funds received from late postnuister.. receive what, fiom outgoing jiostnnister official M. (). B. envelopes, furnished to retiring postmasters at, to deposit funds with, and turn over blank circulars, etc., to succ«'ssor stationery and clerk hire at, may be allowed out of proceeds of money-order business. sur]ilus leceipfs at. from money -order bnsin-«ss, to be accounted for ITIoney-ordcr necoinl adriccs, entry of. by receiving iio.^fmaster. uimn register. .. to lie furnislifd. win ii needed, to .secure issue of a duphcate money-order when and how to he made iUout^y-order system, accounts and records reipiired by, furnisheil on ajiplication to Superintendent of design of Congress in establishing establishment of net proceeds of, turned into Treasury 20 P L lo:{3 211 OtH 204 H)Xi 211 loiu 208 W£i 2o!» w: 204 99-J 204 lolti 20X 1<»4U 212 ll7:t 20o 1017 20.K 9M} 20.-< 103t( 212 Hsl 2ir2 987 203 lOKti 22.S ll-J.-i 28.". WW 200 1070 221 1»7."> 201 .')« 49 117:; 2iH 97C 201 loati 228 109,5 228 ]2 1073 221 1072 221 1079 223 1086 22.'> 1093 225 1093 227 1088 225 1091 225 1101 229 1092 225 107,j 222 1090 225 1094 228 965 199 964 19;i 965 199 963 199 !)«3 199 979 202 970 20O 968 200 998 205 971 200 1064 219 971 20O 967 199 966 199 971 200 9C6 195) 969 200 070 200 1020 208 1008 206 99.-. 204 977 201 9.->8 198 9.-* 197 :>*i 49 402 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. Page. Money-order systciu — Continued. objects of, safety of how secured 957 197 regulations of, must be strictly confonned to by postmasters 973 200 safety of, to be commended to the public, by postmasters 972 200 superintendent of, how appointed 5 35 Money-ordcri^, acts of clerks designated to sign, covered by postmasters' bonds 961 198 amounts of, to be expressed in writing upon 996 204 aiiplicants for, to be instnicted upon wha't post-offices to draw 999 205 apjilications for blank forms supplied by Postmaster-General 978 202 upon Great Britain, form of ; 1047 214 must be filled up by api)licant only 979 202 blank fomis for, liow f leated when 'si)oiled 991 203 must be securely kept: po.stmasters responsible for fraud com- mitted by lost or stolen monej-order blanks 993 204 Canadian, applications for, how made 1062 218 curiency or coin, value of, to be decided by postmaster at New York 1061 218 duplicates, how obtained 1069 220 how stamjyed and forwarded from exchange post-offices 1065 219 inquiries concerning, how made 1U68 220 international exchange post-otHces for 1059 217 invalid, how repaid 1067 220 jiayment of how made 10C3 219 repayment of lo66 220 I'nited States " inland " post-offices may issue 1060 218 clerks designated to sign, to write signature, how. 962 198 in post-olfioes ma v be desiauated to issue 960 198 date of payment to be staiiiiied mxiu 1026 210 deliverable to ap])lieant only ( m payment therefor 986 203 differ from drafts and cheeks in wliat respects 9.57 197 disagreeing witli advice, to be refused payment, except 1024 209 duplicate cannot lie issued by ]iiistiiiasteis ■ 1011 207 having been applied for, orighial may be paid wlien 1009 206 postmasters must certify to non-payment of original .' 1010 207 issued by Superintendent Money-Order System ; under "what conditions. 1006 206 issue (if how and when permitted 1005 205 notiie of receipt of to be sent bv po.stmaster to pavee 1042 212 postmaster ajiplying for issue (if. to .state what . ..". 1007 206 to be drawn only u)i(iu issiiiui; or ]iaying pdst-oftices , 1012 207 erroneously made out must lie eaueeled and new mouey-order issued 990 203 paid, how recovered for owner 1031 211 fees charged for issuing 983 202 forgery o^ penalty for 1226 307 fractional paits of a cent not to be included in 984 202 improperly issued, to be refused payment 1022 209 indoised more than once become invalid 1014 208 indorsement upon, pennitted only once 1014 208 international, coin value of, in cun'ency, decided bv postmaster at If ew York 1049 215 not to be decided by issuing po.stmasters . . 1048 215 drawn upon international exchange post-office at Xew York 1045 214 duidicates how olitained 1054 217 exchange po.st-offices for, in Germany, Switzerland, and Italy 1055 217 fees for (except Genuany ) 1046 214 from Great Britain, imiuiry for, how made 1052 216 jjayment of 1051 216 how drawn 1046 214 issue of, when gold and currency are at par 1071 221 on Germany, fees for 1057 217 Switzerland, and Italy, how forwarded from international exchange post-office at New York City 1058 217 Great Britain, form of application for 1047 214 how forwarded from international exchange post- office at Xew York City 1050 215 Switzerland and Italy 1056 217 repayment of ." 1053 216 issued bj- acting postmasters, how signed 962 198 desigTiaf ed clerks, how signed 962 198 issue of, by clerks designated for that purpose 960 198 for more tlian $300 upon any other tlian a flr.st-class post-office, to be spe- cially reiM.rted .' 1001 205 in one day forbidden (if more than three of fifty dollars each to one remitter in favor of sauie ]i;iyee 985 203 of, on Sunday foi hidden 974 200 ])rohibited on ciedit or for anv money not legal tender except national- bank notes \ '. : 982 202 to be lecorded in "register of money order.s issued." .sub.sequent action upon, to be noted therein 1000 205 ujion branch post-otfices-. etc 959 198 invalid, illegally indorsed, diiiilicates for, how obtained 1 0.32, 1034 211 (more than a year old), dniilicates for. liow obtained 1032, 1034 211 limited to fifty dollais, fees for issuing 983 202 may be diawn only by, and u])on money-order i>ost-ofHces 963 199 must be payable to onei)erson or firm onlv 994 204 truly dated and stami.ed ' 986 203 name of ])0s1 -office drawn upon, to be written in full upon 997 204 omitted and defective blanks for. to be reported 992 204 paid, not coirectly receipted and sf amiied, charged to i>aying-postmaster 10'.29 211 ITIon«>y-or(i<li- only at post-iitticfH iii.oii wliicli ilniwn piijco of, caiinnt bi- ]>r«- vi'iitcil fvinu r<\ n'mittrr til lie iili-nlirtfil In- ton- |>ayiiiriit of payiiieiit of. I.y diipliratf. liow notcil I.y posliiia.HtiT at Iiih own risk wlii-ii Staff of payiiii; |HiHl.»ttii-<' im riToiifOii.sly yivcii forliiddfii until advices ai<> n-ccivrd on day of i.-»suf tcnninate.s n-.sponsibility of Department to fr.iudnli-nt coMicni.'* may l>i-Hto)>pfd Ity orilerof I'ostnia.Ht«?r-(ii'inT.il. l>aycf at post-otlicf of i.-*.snc upon powiT of attorney, upon indorsement, and to leyal repreKenta- tives of dci-ea.si'd jiayee upon presentation to lie provided for withheld li.v po.stniaster.s under what eireumstani-es ]iii>ta<:e..stamps not receivable for fee.s upon piistnia.ster resjtonsible for jiaynieut of. to wron^ jh-i-xou postnia.ster.s to desijniate i-lerk.s to si;tn. when precautions to be taken before paying printed foruis for. to be furnished by the I'ostnia.ster-Oeneml ]»urcha.sers .should carefully examine rei.ssue of, paynnent of uew fee required rules for reissued on account of fault of issuing po.stma.ster, fee upon to be ]>:M by jiost- nnvster in fault lefu.sal of [lostma.ster to pa.v. except from lack of fund.s, cause for his removal remitter of. cannot revoke after receipt by payee rei>aid, how to be si^ied to be so stain])ed t.epa,vnient of. by dn^ilicate. how noted 1039 niles tor •..•..• To applicant, fee not returned responsibility of )iostniasters for money received for i.s.sue of .signature f'<■»• Un.mmi..\ht.f. .M.vrrKU.) >'aiur of post-oflir*", clian<;e of. necessitates new In mils 114 IVauiP« of post-offices, when new iiostottices are ajiplied lor. iio.stma.ster at neijjhbor- iuz posT-iittice not to approve application if name sidected has already beeu given to another post-ottice *^17 Xegleet of postmasters to promptly collect drafts may be considered .lust ground for removal IVe^v foil lift land, money-orders exchanged with Xew pub I ir at ions, how admitted to second-class rates 3fews agents, detiuitionof how fhey can obtain second-class rates may inciose bills, receipts, ami subscription orders, in second-class matter Send and receive seciiml-ilass matter, including sample copies, at ]iound i-ates . rar.st verity character of matter utiiiiil as second-class Xe^r Mouth Wales, special postal ariauueinents with. Newspapers carried out of the mail and i.laced in po.st-otlice for delivery must have postage paid extra numbers of. are not sample coi)ies may be carried out.side of the mail entered at ])ost-otlice as seiimd-class mail-matter sent to subscribers in Canada at ]iound rates (ireat I'.ritain at pound rates tile Sandwich I.slands at pound i-ates inisceilaneons mail-lettings to be ailvertised in new. how to pass as se<'ond-class mail-matter not granted free county delivery when claiming two offices of publication in dillercnt counties mailable to Russia, except penaitv for stealing, destroying, or detaining regular sub.scribers to. detinecl secoud-class mail-matter, free countv publications mu.st be mailed by tliem.selves... must be proi)erl y folded and addressed wTapi>ed and suthciently dried. postma.ster nia.v reipMre evidem'e of subscrijition-list .sample copies allowed to be sent by and to news-agents not entitleil to free i-ountv delivery sent to foreign countries .shonld be in single wrapper.s, excejit. * 11 when ti-ausii-nt. are thinl-class mail-matter to pass as second-class mail-matter 1 ■"*-•. •<>•"' "3 IVevrspapers and periodicals. (.See SF.roxr>-ri..\.s.s M.\rrEH.) doubtful publications referred bv po.stmasters to First Assistant Postma.ster-den- eral... :.! l"^ 'S ])03tage collected from j.ublishers of. how rejmrti-d ICl 6S on .second-cla.ss to be cidlecled in money K'-o t'^ 119.'=: 300 10(°K) 218 liW 7.'. 202 ve 200 T.'* 233 S2 19.-. 7.1 201 ".^ 11 20 **7*> .-.72 134 204 7r. -.71 134 199 7;'> 1121! 274 1118 2tW 112»; 27.-. .-.78 I3t; 190 < J 24-1 R4 11-23 207 1237 311 193 74 242 S3 236 82 23.-. 82 194 74 19.-. 74 244 .<4 11.T2 279 21.-. 78 404 POSTAL LAWS AXD REGULATIONS. Sec. Page. Newspaper and periodical stamps accounted for as postage-stamps l.ifi 68 how used l.J9 68 supply of, to lie kept up IfiO 68 Newspaper wrappers. (See Po.stage-stamps for general provisions concerning.) postage on .s])oile(l. refunded h'ow 170 69 po.stniasters not to lose fraction of cent on sale of 16 214 German, Swiss, and Italian money-orders 1056 217 .salary of postmaster at 122 62 IVe-»v Zealand, special postal arranginients with 1126 276 IVigiit, luail stojiping over, to be kejit in post-office 412 107 IVight runs, duties of emjdoy^s of the Kailway Mail Service on 783 172 IVixcs (matter addressed to ]iiaces not post-offices or to States in which there is no such po.stoffice as that named in the address) to be returned to publication office by post- masters 4:iK 113 to Division Superintendents by enijiloy^s of Railway ^fail Service 740 168 IVotary public, postmasters may hold office of without violatiiiLi I'resideufs order. . 321 Oath, blank form of to be furnished to postmasters upon their apiioiutmcnt 107 57 may be aibniniste red by whom, in regard to accounts before Auditor 1149 286 no allowance to i>ostmasters for fees paid for, being sworn to accounts 1174 289 of bidders for cariving the mail 581 138 postmasters' qiuuteily returns to be accompanied by 1152 287 sjiecial agents auflKirizcd to administer 8 35 Oath of office, before whom taken 25 38 must be taken liy mail contractors before drawing pay 25 39 of assistant postmasters and clerks in post-office to be" sent to First Assistant Post- ma.ster-General 519 125 letter-caniers to be returneil to Fiist Assistant Postmaster-Genei'al 320 96 omission to take, not to affi'Ct liability , 51 46 to be taken befoi-e entering upon duties and recei^-ing salary 24 38 by mail messengers 627 148 Obscene matter. (See Uxm.vil.vble .matter. See. also. Dead .matteu.) jjenalty for abetting trade in, by officers of the government 1253 316 mailing, etc '. 225 80 jiostmasters responsible for admission of, to the mails 228 80 l)rohibited in domestic mails 225 79 foreiiin mails, U 19 1132 279 Obstructing the mail, penalty for ; what is not. within the statute 553 130 Ocean mail service. (See Foreign mails and M.vil costkacts.) Ocean steamers, mail agents on, appointment and salaries 20 38 OAeuses against postal laws. (AVe Penalty.) aiding or abetting ia trade in obscene matter, penalty 1253 316 assaulting letter-carrier on i 314 breaking into post-office with intent to steal, penalty 1244 313 carrying letters on board a mail vessel mitside of the mail, penalty 560 132 outside of the mail, ]ptnalty 559 132 per.sons acting as private ex])ress, penalty 557 132 combinations to nTcvent bids for carrying mail, penalty 589 140 counterfeiting bids, bonds, etc, penalty 1245 313 delaying mail at a feny. penalty S.'H 131 depositing lottery circulars, etc., for transmission in the mails, penalty 226 80 obscene matter for transmission by the mail, penalty 225 79 deserting the mail, penalty 1240 312 detention of mail-matter iii ]K>st-offi(es, penalty 1232 309 embezzlement of letters containinn inclnsures, penalty 1230 .308 not cdiituiuinu inclnsures, penalty 1233 309 establishing or abittiuj; private cx|iri'sses, penalty 5.55 131 failure to affix jiostajre-due stamps wlien required, penalty 271 89 deliver mail tn ])ostoffi(e by masters of inland .steamboats, penalty 2.53 86 fal.se returns by postmasters, ])enalty 118 61 failure to receive mail from I'nited States consuls, etc.. or to deliver mail to ])ost- office by masters of ves.sels arriving in the United States or dei)arting from for- eign jxirts. i)enalty , 2.52 86 false statements of .sureties on bidders' bonds, penalty .582 138 forging iir counterfeiting foreign postage-stamps, penalt.v : 1228 308 money-order, penalty .■ 1226 307 United States postage-stamps, etc., penalty 1227 307 stealiug mail locks or keys, jjcnalty 1243 313 fraudulent receipt of i)o.stase, penalty 1250 315 illegal approval of bidders" bonds b.v postmasters, penalty ,5X7 1.39 injuring mail-bags, with intent to rob the mail, penalty 1242 312 matter in street mailing-box, etc,, iienaltv 1229 308 .street mailingbnxe.s, ])enalty ' 3:i4 9« interceptiu'j; lettiis, |)eualtv 1234 310 issue of nioney-ordeis on credit, penalty 982 202 iurisdietiiiu (if Federal and State courts over .52 47 laws relati\e to, ajijdy to foreign mails in transit 651 1.53 making straw bids, jienalty 603 143 nia.ster of vessel Ureakin;; bulk before delivering letters to nearest jiost-office 562 133 may be trieil in St ite enurts 52 47 moieties of penalties and foifeitures for, to be paid to informers 63 50 INKl.X. 405 Svr. I'aj;i*. OilVii'^t'H tiuiiiiiNl |>i>«liil liitVM— I 'iiiitiiiiii'il. ii<';:lii ( li\ iMPsiniii.stiis 111 iiiiiliT iiriiiiiiils. |ii'iinlty IIM 2^7 iKi;!"' tiiil; to ili'i»>sil pnsiiil nviim.'s. iiciialty 1240 aU iilistriirliiii; i)iissii;;n of the mail. |ii'iialt v V^J ]'.W |)aiutiM'j: ii|inii vfssrls. dr.. tin- winds I'liitrd Stati's Mail. |)cii»lt,v 1-'>1 'tl'> lirrMiiiis I'liipliiyi-il ill )ili)V(''s LCiiilty of. lialilr to |ii'iiallifs wlii-tlicr lliuy liavi- taki'ii tlit'oatliornot 'il 4.">M 132 tl'iroimh tin- mails with iiitoiit to (li-frainl. pi-inilty 124f. 314 stealing;, ilitainini:-, or distroyinji' ni'wsiiapi'rs in tin- mail, pt-iialty 1237 311 luaillia^sor otln r iiost-ollii'i' piopiitv, penalty 1241 312 the mail, iionalty ". " 123.'> 310 siililcttinii mail rimtiait.s witlmnf cnn.sent of rostiiiastpr-Gi-nt-ral 024 146 snlmiission liy iiulilislicis of false evideiiee a.s to oliavactor of a jmlilicatioii, i)enalty. 11»7 7.^ trial of, ill Federal and State courts -VJ 47 unl.iwfiil eaiiiaiieof letters to or from the I'liited States liy foiei<;ii vessels, penalty . I13H 2K2 detention of mail matter by ]iostiiiasters. penalty 37«( _lt)3 removal of po.sta^ie-.stamjis from mail-matter, penalty ]2."ii; 31."> sales of stamiis. etc.. iieiialty ll** '>1 use of ottieial en veloiies. penal tv 249 >*5 ■} OnU-c hoiirw at iidst-oliiees. the usual liusiiiess hoins of the place '>-■> 125 Onifcrw' leltevs delivered aeeoidinu to ottieial desijpiation 2i<3 01 mnst Vie prepaid - • '•"*" '- "Olllces." applied in Tiailway ^lail Service as a general term for jmstal ears and mail ajiartnients in ears and on steamlmats. desijniated by I'ostmaster-General as imst- offices for the distribution of mail in transit {eee E.\ii-i.ovi-.s of Ji.\ii.WAV ^I.\ii. Seuvick) "*"^ 'C3 <'ancellation of postage-stani])s in 721 ]6 172 eiiiploy6s in charne of. designation and duties of ^2" '?' list of exchaniie iiouches to be ki])t by eiiiiiloye in charge of 773 171 mail to be received foi' niailinii at; matter bearing canceled stamjis not to be re- ceived at "20 lOfi mail-locks not to be left in - J'^-* ^ '.^ • postmarking .stani]) not to be used for canceling postage-stamps in -• 722 UMt ]irinted labels received from, to be returned to <3*> ^^' registered matter found in bad order in. to be turned in at terminal post-ottices H.">2 181 responsibility of em))loyes in charge of l\*^ ^I|V .s lie of postage-.stani])s at T .^ ; '*>- 1'" second-class matter not to be receivcnl for mailiiiL; at. without certificate of postmas- ter that postal;.- has been jiaid Jr'l - to be examined bv emjiloves at i-nd of runs, to see that no mail is left therein, etc .. 7."iC. I'O provided on' board mail steamboats [j'.'J* If-* trii> permits to ride in, how liianted '•'■• ^i** tobetakeiinp :-■.■■•■. "''" ^'" "waste paper and twine in", to be (-xamined by employes of Kail way Mail Service and turned in to terminal iiost-otHces ^39 1C8 who m.iy liave access to 'J'^ ' '^2 Oflicial <-ii-ciiIariii from nepartment to be treated as letters ••■3' |"-j. Oliirial corrcNpoiidoiifr, conduct of. bv postmasters •>34 li.< replies to. bv emploves of liailway Mail'Service "•'" ''!? to be conliiied to one subject iu eacli letter -I*"* ]'-L liostmastcrs must not allow, to pass into the hands of the iiiiblic ->33 lli Ollicial «'iivoloi»0!>i. reipiisitiiiii for. for use of postmasters, how to be made 147 66 Ollii-ial lettcrsiif the United StatestJovernmeiit fret- of po.stage in penalty envelopes. 24'.t )<■> no limit of weiiiht for "-^21 j^9 of the Post-Ottice Department free of po.stage and registration fee ^^12 1<6 nnclaimed. to be treated as card matter f .';' '3- Oflicinl pnprrH, retiiiTi of. by postmasteis. not to be given to the public -^ 12i^ Oftirial penally enrclopcN, penalty for uiilawfnlly using 249 ft> to be iirovided'by <-a
  • Opening of ieltera strictly luohibited '-^^z ^^ Openinjs the mail, instructions for -*'•' ^ Opinions of Assistant Attorney-tJeneral for Tost-Dllice Department 32-'> Order-book. em]ili>yes of Railway .Mail Service must examine 777 171 of postmasteis at iiost-ottiees of the fir.st and second class 421 108 Ordert* to be certitied to .\uditor •'•'* •♦•' trulv dated ^■' •'2 what to be earned bv emploves of the Kailway Mail Service 714 ]6"> Organization ot ]'ost-( »ltice i)ciiarfmeiit )iro))er 27 39 OvercharseN of iiostaKeon domestic mail-matter cannot be remitted by postmasters; 1 i- "»'l-> 1 '^7 remedv tor • •'- '-' of posta-re on foreiim matter must be refunded bv the iiostma.stei-s who demandt-d them, 'in t ■- 11-t^ 279 406 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. Page. Overpayiiirntii, mode of lecovery of, by tlie Department 61 49 Packages, limit of weight of 221 79 of a department, bureau, or office of the government, free of postage 249, 2.'}0, 251 85 third-class mail-matter may contain what 238 <33 sealed, to be forwarded as lirst-class mail-matter, if at least one full rate of postage is prepaid 183 73 I»ackct, word, as used in postal law equivalent to letter o'jo 131 JPaiiania, registration of letters to, permissible 1129 278 Papyrographic process, matter produced by, printed matter 219 78 Parents, right of, to control coi-respondence of minor childien 284 91 Paris Convention. {See Convextiox of Pauis.) does not govern exchange with Canada 1 107 263 Partial duty of employes of Ilailway Mail Seixice to be noted on record of arrivals and departures 751 169 Partnership, delivery of letters to members of 268 91 Payments, all, by postmasters for resses 557 132 combinations to ])veveiit bids for earrving the mail .")89 140 coucealiu;>' anv i>riihil)iled writing iu uiuil-matter of second, third, and fourth cla,ss..f... ...'.. : 233 82 conveying through the United States, outside of the mails, letters intended to be conveyed in a foieign vessel 1138 282 delaying niail at a ferry 5.54 131 deserting tlie mail by person in charge 1240 312 detaining, opening, or destroying letteis 12,33 309 embezzlement of letters eontainiiig iuclosurcs 1230 308 establishing or abetting ])rivate e\])resses 555 131 failing to affix postage-dm- stanqis to unjiaid matter 271 89 false statements of sureties on bidders' bonds ,582 138 forging money-orders 1226 307 or counterfeiting ])ost age-stamps 1227, 1228 307, 308 fraudulent receipts of posl age, etc 12,50 315 iUegal a]ii)r(ival of bidders' bonds by postmasters 587 139 injuring ui;al-bags 1242 312 matter dejiosited in stieet mailin^-bo.x 1229 308 street letter-box. s '. 334 98 inteice])ting or secieting letters 1234 310 issuing money-orders on credit 982 202 mail robbery 1238 312 making straw-bids 603 143 masters of ships who refuse to aeee|)f mail 252,253 86 master of vessel breakinu bulk before delivering letters to nearest post-office ... 562 133 neglect to render ipiarterly return by postmasters 11.53 287 obstructing jiassage of the mail -553 130 liostmaster. acting as a lottery agent 541 128 receiving articli's stolen from t hi' mail 1236 311 refusal of telegra]>h companies to transmit government telei;iams at rates fixed bv Po.stmaster-Gencral 1260 318 INDEX. 407 Sijc. Page. Peiinlty — CciHtimicd. icinoviiiy; rniiii inail-iiinttvi', or iiHiii};, waMliiii-i. or wflliiii: |)iMtii:;f'Hlaiii|iH. iift«-i- caii.rll:iti..n 12.'.2 .iV, i-fiiiliTiiiK I'alsr ii-tmiis iir unlaw fully sclliii-r ))ostai;f-.>ttniiii)s Hi 01 n-fitsiil liv ti'|i'^ni]>li ri>ni|iaiii('M to traiiHiiiit ;;ovci-uiiii'iit t)-li-;;raiii.i at riilcn Hx«mI by tlir roslinast.i (Mii.ial 1200 3H srniliiin k-tttTs liv inivati- cxiivc-is 55M ITJ tim.u:;li til.' iiiMil with iiitiiit to (Ift'i-Jiml 1240 314 stfaliuj:, (li-tainiliL:. or distroyiii;; iii-w«)ia|ii-rs 12:J7 311 or ili vert inn t'loin ]iro]M'r u.if tlir iiost-olHcc iiropcrt v 1241 'M2 lorj:iiiu mail IimUh ami krys ". r.'43 313 wroii nil illy olitaininn niailniattrr tVoiii I)i'|iartiiifiit . rj:i."> 310 siililcttin;; inail-ioiitrarts without tin- consent of tin- I'o;'tina«tt'r-(;i'iifral 0'J4 140 nuliniittini; false I'viilcnrr as to a puliliiation (second-class matter) 11>7 7.*> unlawful carriage of letters to or from the I'nited States hy forei^jn vessels IKW 2*J use of or illegal dejiosit of moni'y-order t'tiud.s lOTO 2VJ wearin}; of lettercairiers' uniforni 3'J7 97 unlawfully detrtiiiins mail matter 370, 1232 103,3iK> paiutinn the words '■ r. S. Mail " on stt-amlioats, etc 1251 31."> willful neglect of deposit iiig postal revenues 1249 314 of bonds recpiired with bids for carrying tlie mail .Wl 137 Penalty envelopes, reipiisitions for, how to be iiiaile 147 Wi must be furnished bv Deiiartmeiits in Washington 2r)l 8'» Pennion Ollice, letters from, must be delixered only to person adrtresHcd 281 11 Periodicals doubtful in character to be referred by postmasters to First Assistant rostmaster-General 1*8 73 extra numbers of, are not sample copies 204 76 may be entered at jhisI -offices as second-class mail-matter 199 7.5 new, how admitted as .secoml-class mail-matter 190 75 not granted free county delivery wlu'n chiimiug two otBces of publication in different counties 243 84 po.stage collected from publishers of, how reported 101 fW rejrular subscribers to, defined 193 74 second-class mattei-, free county cojiies mii,st be mailed by themselves 242 83 uuist be properly folded and addressed 230 82 wrapped ami sufficiently dried Xi'> 82 sauijile copies allowed to be .sent by and to news agents 19.") 74 not ent itled to free county delivery 244 84 postmaster nuiy reciuire evidence of subscription-list 194 74 when to pass as second-class mail-matter 181. 18."> 73 third-class mail-matter, when not sent to subscribers 21."> 78 Periodical slain p!«. how used ^'>'-> 68 when exhausted, jiostage should be collected in money 100 OH PermilM, temiiorarv, for new second-class publications, blanks for. Low procured 17 2 27 to ride in Ottices ". J-^j^ ^I" not good for transportation 701 l^o to be taken up if not annual 700 17.1 PerniOiial correspondence, negatively defined, for domestic mails 232 81^ negatively detiued under Postal I'nion regulations, for foreign mails only 1113 205 Plank roads, mail may be carried on 540 130 Poisons, uumailable --- '^ Poslagc collected from publishers to be reported by postmasters 101 68 collection of, on shoit-])aiil returned card-matter 402 llti cim.snls may pay. on foreign letters for the I'nited States 1130 281 determined by weight of matter at time of mailing 2t)'.t 89 double, to becharged on letters carried by certain ships 2."i5 86 unpaid matter ; ;''" ^ excessive, on domestic matter cannot be remitted by postmasters. reiiiedy_l'or o32 V-i on matter addressed to foreign countries may be refunded, ' 17 1132 2. J first-class rate charged cm second, third, and fourth cla.s's mail-matter when unlawful ^ writing is ailded -^^ _- foreinm. Postal Guide to be consulted for rates of 1131 -<» fraudulent demand or receipt of excessive, by postmasters, penalty 12.50 31.> letters, packages, etc.. of a depai-tment or office of the goveniuient, free 249, 250, 2ol 8o must be paid before delivery of mail 208 8» prepaid in full on legistered matter - 812 1 1 none recpiired on registrv-bills and registry -return-receipts b<2 Hi not fully prei)aid oii regi'.stered matter must be paid to the Department by the post- master who received it -. , ™- 1'^ not to be charged cm public documents sent by members of Congress, etc 24j, 240, U^ 84 cidlected upon delivery of registered" mat ter *61 18.3 on first-class matter !'•; '"- fourthclass matter 22'» ^^ matter forwartleil to a country within the Postal Fuion 11-" -2*J postal cards, when leposted iifter delivery 1^1 ;|."- secoud-class mail- matter •_ ly '.* at free delivery post-offices |-|*'j 5-* third-class mail-matter •■•• 21 j lO postmasters collecting Cfcessivo, on matter for foreign countries may he compelled ^ to refund, 1 17 -. -- 1'-*- "'■' Postmaster-General may impose retaliatory, upon matter earned in toreigu vessels, when •,-•■•. • • • ■ 11"*' -' '■ prepayment, conditions of, for articles exchanged wth couutriea ot Universal Postal rnion • -.•■■■••••-. •, "°* -" mode of. for- coiTespondence exchanged with countries ot Uui versa! Postal Fniou \\09 264 rates of on .ship-letters -•" *'* 408 POSTAL LAWS AXD REGULATIONS. Sec. Page. I*ostag?— Contiiuu'il. rates of, fin various articles of mail-matter exchaiijieil with countries of Fiiiversal Postal Unicm 1108 to countries of Universal Postal Union 1104 foreign countries with whom no convention exists 1127 non-convention countries, on matter not sent direct 1130 sent direct 1128 I*o«tage-fIiic stamps accounted for as postage-stamps 156 how used 158 must not l)e aflixcd to matter forwarded, returned to writer or sent to Dead Letter Otiicc. exi<])t at frit- delivery post-offices T" 14 not re.iilies, record of, to be kept by postmasters 514 cancellation of, in Offices 721 in i)ost-offices upon matter deposited for mailing or delivery, failure to cancel to be reported by postmaster at destination 375 credit for bunied or destroyed, how obtained 167 detailed statement of, received, to accompany quarterly returns from Presidential post-offices IIGI forgery of foreign, penalty 1228 or countei-feiting of United States, penalty for 1227 how accounted for. on quarterly retura - 154 disposed of by late po.stmaster at discontinued post-office 164 kinds of '. 137 matter Ijearing, previously used, to be held for postage 378 money not to be sent to Department for •- 157 monthly i'ei)oits of. fiom Presidential post-offices 162 mu.st be sold for ca.sh only 166 mutilated and fractional, not receivable for postage 378 no percentage allowed postmasters for sale of - 165 not fiuoiished to postmasters failing to make quarterly returns to Auditor 155 until they are commissioned 150 to be exchanged 1G9 penaltv for removing from mail-matter, or using, washing, or selling after cancella- tion: f. - 12.52 persons using, a second time, to be re])orted to United State/? district attorney 378 Postmaster-General may adopt improvements in, etc 144 postma.sters to be ehariied with value of lost or stolen 173 keep sujiply of 146 receipt foi'. to be sent to Third Assistant Postmaster-Geneial 151 received damaged, proper course of postma.ster 152 record of receipts of. to be kept by postmasters 1168 requisition for, by postmasters, how made •- 147 when to be made 148 sale of, by employes of Railway Mail Sei'V'ice 762 sold at discount to designated agents .- 175 stolen friiui iiiist-iiffice, no credit allowed for 168 to be counted by ]iiistmasteis when received 151 issued by Postmaster-General 136 sohl at post-offices 145 turned over to successor by retiring postmaster 163 tracer to be sent when receipt of registered packages of, is not acknowledged 885 unlawful sale or hypntlieiatiim of. penalty 118 unserviceable, acquired by exchange, not to lie returned to Department 169 valid for postage in countiy of oiigin alone, to be used in Postal Union correspond- ence 1109 Postal ageuts in China and Japan 21 Postal arrangements (see Akkaxgemen'ts) 1 126 Postal cards cannot be issued except by Department 142 cannot be sent to countries not in Postal Union except at letter rates, IT 18 1132 domestic, to be issued by Postmaster-General 140 for use in Postal Union correspondence 141 how redeemed when si)oileil 171 international, to be issued by Postmaster-General 141 used for Postal Union correspondence 1119 postage on, when reposted after delivery 181 requisition foiv how to be made 147 return, return stamps, when to be canceled 376 to be issued by Postmaster-General 141 tracer to be sent when receijif of registered packages of, is not acknowledged 885 when dead to l»e sent to Dead Letter ( )ffice if wholly in writing 481 spoiled, and redeenu-d by imstiiiaster. how to be returned for 172 (f^cc I*cisr.\i.i;-sTA>fP.s for general provisions concerning.) Postal cars. (See Okfices.) additional i)ay for. not afl',?cted by act of July 12. 1876 633 to i-ailroads for; surplus approiuiations for. may be used to meet deficiencies for railway transimrtatiou of the mails 631 railways refusing to furnish, not entitled to extra eomiiensation for 630 264 262 277 278 277 68 68 28 104 8» 89 223 40 66 124 166 103 69 308 307 67 69 64 104 68 68 69 104 69 67 67 69 315 104 66 70 66 67 67 288 66 66 170 70 69 67 64 66 69 186 61 6» 264 38 274 65 279 65 65- 70 65 266 72 66 103 65 186 119 TO' 1.50 14i> IMiKX. 409 StT. I'agi*. PoNliil <'l<-ri4H, railw.iv. iippiiinl mint ami ]>:\\ nf "JS M tin cliiti- siiil to Srcn-tiiryofStati- M 42 I'ostiiiasti'i-i iiiiciiil iiiiiv ni:ikc. with Imri^ii c'oiiiitrii-H :tl 42 jiioofslicits of, to l)c rc'vis.'il at I'osI (mire I), partiiient :i2 42 PoMtnl fiiiKln (xce ^luNKY), rulUction ol', tVoiii poMtiiuirttt-rM by AiuliloVHilrnnH In fuvor ol ot li.i postiuasti'is 1 102 29f> to lii> paid out by postmasti'is upon pfcs-ntationof fontnirtoi-M' onlcrH lllil 21tO PoHtnl iiiiiitle, ("'noi's in, to lie icpoitcd bv (■Miploy6!4 of thi; Uailway Mall SiTvire... "!.'> IWl supjilii'il to iiostinasti'i'H unil to be consulti-il XIS 127 to I.,' consiiltcl for lati-.s of Ionian posti^is ll:il 278 PoMtnl laMM, oti'cnsi's av:ainsf (xcc Oikknsics aijaisst Postai.-Laws) ; pifliiiiiiiary ]iiortMMlini;s in trial, iiy wlioni 10 :i7 PoHtnl lawM nncl regiilntioii**, constiiirtioii oT, to be made by iiostinuHtrrrt in tin- tiist iiistaiuc .suliji-.4 IfMI eonveyance of mail between ;;eneial post-otliie anil 3.'>.'> KMi PohIrI fiiipplicH earried by railway companies witliont extra cbary.e t>44 152 traiis])i>rteil free by mail-contractors lil.-i 14.'« PoMtnl lelrgraphy, authority for introduction of 12.>« 31« Poiiilal Union. (.See Tnivkksal Postal rxioN.) Poste rcstantc letters) to be held two iuoutlis before advertising 4."0 lir. Posters are not sujiplements -'"^ "" PoMtmarking, how to secure leirible 381 104 required on all but second-class matter deposited for mailing; or delivery 379 li»4 dead matter sent to Dead-Letter C )ttice 442 113 reipiiremeuts of, in Postal ruion correspimdenee r-- HH 2ri4 PoMtiuarking stamp. {See Dated sta.mi-.) not used in Ortices for caiieelinu; postaffe-stamp.s 722 IW Postmasters, accounts of expeuses by, to be stated quarterl v bv Auditor to Postmas- ter-General A -■ 1140 2?.-. aflidavit made by, to loss of collection-drafts 1 20.1 .'{ol alli iwance to. lor'ad vert isiiif; letters 1171 280 all pavnieuts tor quarter to be made by, before trausmittin.g quarterly returns and statements to Auditor 11«0 297 application by, fc 6 are responsible for admission of impro])er mail-matter 224 70 at delivery post-ottice. to lu)Iil unmailable matter 230 81 fourth-class post-otlices may transact other business than that pertaining to office in ))ost-otiice room ^20 12.> notreqiiired to uuike quarterly statement of general jiostal account excejit by special itireetion of the Auditor 1188 207 to]uovide separate drawers •''20 12t> Presidential post-otfices must remler monthly report of postage-stamps, etc 11)2 68 \vitb quarterly return a detailed .statement of iiostage-stamps. etc., and vouchers ... . IICI 2S.^ use the i)rinted labels for transmitting quarterly returns 1160 2S7 only, to send quarterly statement of general postal ac- count to Amlitor ..-■ - 1180 206 blanks for it.se of, how procured 1 ; ' bonds of, to be given before entering upoii their duties 105 56 l)u,sinc.ss hours ot •>25 12.' by whom appointed 101 •_'•' removed 101 ■''' cannot deliver mail-matter addressed to anntlier i)o.st-oHice. except in certain ca.ses. 270 90 cause of failure to collect amount of collection-iliafts to be rejiorted by. to Auditor. 1196 299 collectinu excessive iiosta^e ou matter addressed to f.)reiu:n countries must reim- burse the sender, 1117 ..:... - "•''2 2.0 collection of postal funds from, by Auditor's drafts in favor of other po.stnmsters.. . 1102 200 b"y contractors' orders 1101 299 commissions, how recorded and signed 103 j^ of. how to be made out and recorded 1"3 •_><> compensation of, at Presidential post-othces H'' -'^ fourth-class H' t! course of, in case of publishers entering second-cla.ss mail-nnitter 100 i^ to be taken in case of receiving misprinted special-request envelopes l->3 ^67 deceased, who may render accounts for l}*^' -^^ delivery of niail-n'iatter to legal assignees or receivers 2Sr> ^91 directions for obtaining blank forms 11''' -?? disposition of destructiye matter ■"'! l, duties of, in case of mail robbery in vicinity of post-office — - 40t) V-l errors in their quarterly returns to be corrected by Auditor lljj' -'''^ evidence of demand upim. for balances due t lie Department 12J.4 30.> execution of new bond by. does not clian-e m inner of rendering quarterly retunis . 1164 -8^ exempted from militia diit v. but not from .jury ami road duty -•.- ' " '-• tailing to dej.osit postal revenues in the Treasury guilty of embezzlement, penalty. r-40 .114 410 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. PostinasterM — Continued. litiliug to sc-c propff i)ostiiu:e and fees aiv preiiaid on registered matter must pay it themselves '. .. forbidden by President to iiarticijiati- in ]iolitieal eampalsns, etc failing lo to address or seal nuisteieil litti-rs or to i)Ut postaji;e-stamps thereon rejnimand other postmasters for violations of rej^istry regulations wiite to foieign postmasters upon registry business except at exhange post-othcc-s' fraudulently api>rovini; bidders' bonds to be dismissed from office frequently to inspect branch offices jleueral or ledger account with United States to be kept by how to act when forwarding or returning registered matter on request address the Department classified to conduct official correspondence deliver mail-matter to rejirestntatives of a defunct firm or corporation deliver matter addressed to them under cover dispose of duplicate inventories of property facing-slips postage-stamps, etc., when post-office is discontinued indorse quarterly returns registered package keep credit side of general postal account debit side of general postal-account mail quarterly returns make requisition for postage-stamps, etc up uumailable matter and transmit returns •. note errois on faa n'l>0lt liilsf I'Viilriiri' siiliiiiiltfil by l)ul>llsliel« 1!»M 7.') r. iits oflitliilioMs '. '.".f.i 93 risiilc within ililivciv iif jxiHtotlicc 104 3« s.iul allidavit fur iinsiaui-staniiiH. rtr., di-Htioyfil 167 flft (|iiaiiiTly iftuiii and Iiaiisrii|it lii;rftlu'r 11." -M7 tniii ovcv all imlilic iiiopcity on hand to sni'frssor MB l'J7 uocd not notit'v inihlisln-rs of foicigii iicw8iia|Mi-.s and iicriiMliralH, wlii'ii tlii'V un; not taken on t."' -'4 '. 1l:i:t 2*) no allowanee to. for fees paid for lieini; sworn to aceonnt.t 1174 "J^ll) credit allowed to. when iinsta^ie-.stanip.s, ete., are .stolen from tlic'in Uiii c'oiiniiissioned until after approval of bond 107 .I" furuisbed with postage-stamps, ete., if failing to render 67 until eominissioned l.'iU 67 required to receive matter for rejristration on Sunday.s and letjal holiday.s Mil 176 to act as lotter.v agents, penalty for 541 12X allow letter-boxes to be rented for iin]>roiier puri)()ses ;t04 9:i eluirffe fee to carriers on shiiiletters addressed to a foreign country 2-">9 S7 collect postage or fee u|>i>ii delivery of registered matter Stil l<: dis\' 1-'^ return letters after laneeling of stamps 40li 107 retain more than salaries and commission on money-order business i:U 6:1 of the fourth class, form of general postal account for...." 1190 297 instructions to. for kei'jiing their accounts 117x 292 on receiving second, third, or fourth i) 31.'> jiowerless to remit 4 287 remUre open letters 2.-12 91 should deliver to address mail-matter addre.s.sed toa iierson in caro of another 280 90 suggest advantageous changes in forwarding mail 404 106 special instructions to zi for registration of currency sent for redemption 818 1 1 1 statement of unclaimed ntatter ■♦"■' H'l snit pending against, for delinquencies. Auditor to furni.sh papers, et<- 1148 286 their quarterly returns must be signed by whom 1 166 288 to be accom])anied by atHdavit 1152 287 time of affixing postage-due-stamps to unpaid matter 272 89 closing mail, r ' 368,410 102,107 to appoint assistants Jl8 l_.-> be charged with valiu» of lost or stolen stamps, etc 173 70 charge double iiostage on unpaid matter _ 267 88 themselves with postage-stamps, etc 1.54. 156 C7 412 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. Page. Postina!>iter« — Coiitiiiueil. to collect lent tor boxes erected b\ linx-holtlers at tlieiv own expense as long as used. 305 9^1 comiiitie ireneral ] ostal iii)eal to tlic Postmaster-(Teneral 19 28 deliver o^repayment for letter-boxes 300, 301 93 respect injunctions of courts relating to delivery of mail 290 92 retain original of (juarterly return and forward copy thereof 1165 288 return registered matter that cannot be delivered ti'i mailing po.st-office 876 185 to writers thereof only legisteied letters addressed to persons conducting fraudulent lotteries, etc 875 184 unmailable matter to sender 437, 438 113 wooden labels, etc 408 107 sell postage-.stamps for ca.sb only 166 69 and stamped envelopes and to be I'esponsible, etc . 145 66 send receipt for jiostage-stamps to Third Assistant Po.stmaster-< Jeneral 151 67 unmailable matter to Dead-Letter Office 431 111 sign registcied-paekage receipts addressed to their post-offices 837 180 supervise letter-cairiers 362 101 take impressions of dated stamps 380 104 receipts for pay to .lerks 128 63 transmit quarterly returns and general accounts in separate envelopes 1184 296 regular return of dead matter, even if there be none 473 118 use facing slips for letters and fpartm<>iit, accounts of to be kiqit by (Sixth) Auditor (of tlie Treasniv) .' 1143 285 '.'7 .i;» I .la 1224 au.> 812 l7r, J :t4 .T'.-. 1220 3U4 2*< 41 aan OH m .V. OH .V. iw .'l.'l IHCT 190 Ott .Vi OH .l.-. 112.-. 2H7 307 114 rf.'Hi lii» 1244 :n:t 9H .■i.'i 1, 7:iH l(t7 . Iti7 :{H7 102 123.-, :tli .542 I2!t .>i:{ 129 .-,.V2 i:«i .->.->l i:u) .>4!) i:.-io i:«) 27 33 INDEX. 4 1 3 l*OMf-<|||ici- l>f|tni-liii<'iil— Ciintiiiiii'il. ilisti iliutiiiii i)f liu.siiicss <)(' .•.stiil.li.sliin.iit of ' fviili'iu'c of ilciiianil ii|i<>ii iiii.'ttiiia.sti-i'.s for lialniK'c ilin- Icttfi-.s uinm otliiial liiisiia-ss of, ivfjistfix-d iVei- of cliur;;)- and \nins tlinmsli '••'• mails IVff III' cliaijic oIlicci-M of, a]i|ioiiit<'il liy PoNtnia.stcr-Crfiifral o)iinioiis of A.ssiHtaiit .Vttonwy-Geuenjl for latc of iiitiTi'.tt on lialaiicf.-i iliie s.al of I'osi-ollirrN, liraiicli. Postiiiastfr-Gfiirral may estuliliiih li\ \\ hose aiitlioritv ili.scoii tinned '. fstal.llshcd ila.ssiticatioii of for nioiu'v-didiT bnsim-ss (liscontinnancf of. to be (•crtitied to Auditoi' istablishnient of, to lie (cititifd lo Auditor ixcLansf for all forcij;n mail A, list of tiinuH-ially dosifrnated a:id rlassilied 33().1[ fiee-drlivcry, cstalilislimcnt of holiday and evening delivery at penalty for linakini; inti> '. nnlaw fully jiiofcssin^ to keep l>rinted labels received frt>m, to lie returned to 4{)K, ' to be kept open for re7 letters not to be ]>la<'ed loo.se in. by eniploy6s of the Railway Mail Service 727 167 received outside of one, to be reported to Division Superintendent of Jtailwav Mail Service '. 74ti I «-i list of exchange, to be kept by employes in charge of Offices 771:1 171 Prepayuieut compulsory on correspondence to foreign countries with which no convention exists ]12j< 277 ulitioiial within Postal I'nion on letters only 11U8 2»>4 Pre»ii(lont, order of, forbidding postal officers to jmrticipate in ])olitical cami)aigiis 323 urtions to bo revised at Post-OtHce Department permissible writim; upon, as tliird-class matter Property, holders of (b tiudanl's. after |)ublication of attachment proceedings to account for it of Post-Ottice De])artment, penalty for diverting, from proper use ownership of, attached how to be determined proceeds of, held ot- sold under warrant of attachment how to be invefjted public, to be turned over by iMistniaster to successor rec(ud of, to be kept tiv ]iost masters Proposals for carrying the mail, alterations and modiffcations in, pridiibited .. aniouut of, not to be diviili^id li\ jMistuiasters who approve them assignment of, pi obi bit ed how witlidrawn penalty for altering or counterfeiting rei-eived too late not considerefl ri::ht to reiert nil, reserved bv tin- Postmaster-General 1132 2H0 232 Hi 408 107 219 7S 1114 2fi.T 21.-. 7H 1134 2H1 lllfi 2ti.- ,->.■>.-> 131 .-»9 L!2 560 132 .V)7 132 .=i.V* 132 .'•|69 134 710 Hi4 782 172 710 1(>4 312 9.- 32 42 2IH 78 1213 .103 1241 312 1210 302 1211 302 5.39 127 11«H 2H.'< 5!»4 141 591) 140 fiOO 141 .->H0 137 124.-) :il3 59ti 141 .197 141 414 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. Page. Proposals for carrying the mail — Coutiuned. tu lie accompanied by bond.? 581 137 certified check or draft 58.5 1.39 filed and recorded 5«8 140 to be .sealed : how and when opened 580 137 tran.sfer of, prohibited 600 141 unaccompanied by bond not considered 581 138 what are the only lejjal 591 140 withdrawal of, not allowed later than twenty-four hours before time of opening 594 141 Prosecution of oti'enders again.'*t the postal laws ." .52 47 ProNpecliises not allowed on bills or receipts for .suh.scriptions 233 82 Piibliratiou office, definition of 186 73 Pub lice tiouK, defiuitioii of supplements to 2U7 76 (kiulitful. to Vie referred to First Assistant Postmaster-General 188 73 foreign, may pass as sec iind-< lass mail-matter 212 77 violating United .States cuiiyri^ht. not sectmd-class matter 214 78 when otiered as second-class matter, how inspected 213 77 free county, defined 239 83 must be mailed by themselves 242 83 new, how to be admitted to seconil-ehiss rate 196 75 l)eualty for publisljer subiriittiiii; false evidence as to character of 197 75 not granted free eoinity delivery when elainiing two oifices of publication in differ- ent counties 243 84 sample copies of. second-class, definition of 203 76 how to be mailed 205 76 second-class mail-iiuitter, not entitled to free county delivery 244 84 jKistujasters may require evidence of subscriptiou-list of . 194 74 rejiular suliscriliers to, defined 193 74 samiile lopies allowed to he sent by and to news agents .. . 195 74 suindements to regular, may be mailed as secoiid-ilass matter 206 76 Public docuuient>> jtublislied by Cont;ress free of postage 245 84 Public fuutlH for dejxisit may be transmitted by postmasters in free registered letter. 80 .52 must be safely ke))t (.sy<' McixEV) .' "^ 72 51 Public property, inventories to be made of. by i)ostma.ster taking charge of a post- ottice .' - - 515 124 mutilation of, by employes of Railway Mail Service prohibited 776 171 not t o be used for private pui'iioses by employes of Railway Mail Service 770 171 to be turned over by postmasters to sueeessors includes what .539 127 Publishers allowed to mail su]i]ilei]ients as second-class matter 206 70 form of bill they may attach to secondchiss mail-matter 234 82 how to enter seconil-class mail-matter at post-otfices 199 75 pass new i>ublicatiuns as second-class mail-matter 196 75 mail sample cojiies of jiublications 205 76 mail-baiis su])plied to. when 687 160 maniiei' of ]ireseuting third-class matter for mailing 237 83 may inclose bills, receijits. and subscription-orders in second class matter 233 82 must properly ft )Id and address mail-matter of secoiul class 236 82 not allowed tii iiass extra numbers of publications as .sample copies 204 76 not to sulmiit false evidence 197 75 oflice of to entitle to second-cUiss po.stage-rates 186 73 postage collected iVoiii. how to hi- rejioited by posttnaters 161 68 sec(md-class mail-mat t-er must be properly wrapped by. and sufficiently dried 235 82 4(ualitications of sureties on more than one bidder's bond 584 138 of sureties on biddeis bonds 582 138 <|uarterly returns, accompanied by aftidavit to what eflVct 11.52 287 blank form for. how ])rocured 1176 289 composed of account-current, tran.scripts. and vouchers , 1155 287 copies only of, to be sent to Auditor ; originals to be kept by postnuister 1165 288 distinct from ipiarterly statement of general postal account 1 183 296 indorsement on back of, how filled up 1175 289 errors in, corrected by Auditor: notification to postmasters of corrections 1167 288 forms for, at fourtli- iiulosed will] (juaiterly statement of general postal account 11S4 296 new bond given by ])ostniaster does not change manner oi rendcrini^ 1164 288 no mention to lie made in, of registiation fees 889 187 not upon riguhir blanks will not be audited 1158 287 outgoing jiostma.ster at fouitli-ilass posl-ottices nuiy make special arrangements with successor about leuderiiig 1162 288 payments for former HHril tii S»Tond Assistant PostinastordciKTal ooiupi'Usatiou of, for carry iug the mail n-iluccd five jier n-iit. additional ten ]«Tr«-iit liiips may bo impo.si'd upon uiay bf coutracted witb for raiiyinv; tin- mail wit bout s)dvcrtiH<-iiii-nt must cany mails on any trains witlimil extra clia !■;.'»• sjn'cial ajients and postal siiiipiii-s witliont extra olinrye not to carry mails beyond termini of route I'ostmastcr-Ueneial to deeidi- niion wbat trains nuiil shall be canicrt by readjustment of pay to. for carry in;; the mail ". refusinjr to provnle jxmtal cars not to lie jiaid for reciuested to consult Deiiartmcnt about naiiu-s of station:) re(iiured to deliver mails to jMist otbces, when rules of, to be observed by ein]>loye8 of Railway Mail Scl^'ico sjieeilic reiiuiremeiits of I)ci>aitment to be made known to, through (leneral Super- intendent of Kail way Mail Service to (It'sijrnate to Auilitor a financial a};-ent to receive and receipt f(»r pay for carryinc the mails to rcjiort operatinsr exitenses to Postmaster-CJeneral to Second Assistant I'ostmaster-ticneral their readiness to have nniils weiu.lled RnilM-ny iiiail-reijislry book to be turned over to Division Superintendent by ri' tiring empbiyes use of, by emidoy^s of Kailway Mail Service KiiilM-ny ITInil Service, chief head clerks of division superintendents of. as.siijnincnt of employes of, ai)]>ointiuent. duties, .'te. {Sep EMI'I.OVKS.) (ieucral Superiutendcnt of a]ipointment, pay and allowances duties of Rnilwny poi>itaI clerks, Postmaster-General may appoint. (See EMi'i.OYts of Kah.way M.mi, Sekvice) Railway service,- compen.sation for, reduced five per cent, additional ten ]>er cent conditions of, rate of pay, and a(\justmeiit of pay for on land-frrant railroads, rates for, as fixed by Congress to be at rates fixed by Conirress •specific requirements of the Department for, made known through General Snipcrin- tendent of Railway ]\Iail Service Rales of postage detenu ined by weight of matter at time of mailing on first-class niail-iuatter on fourth-class domestic matter on matter sent to countrii-s not in Postal I'nion within Postal I'nion on second-class mail-matter on ship letters on third-class domestic matter , ReadjiiNiment of jiay to railway comiianies for carrying the mail of po.st masters' salaries, biennial salaries, ajiidication for, to whom made Receipt for ]iiista;;i'-stamps to be si-nt to Third Assistant Postniaster-GeLcral to \n- given by new ]iof,r master to (predecessor for public property Receivers, legal, delivery of mail-matter to Receiving box for mail at third and fourth class jiost-ortices. form of Kecorfi. C'ongressioual, five of postage when sent by niembeis of Cimgress. Ac Rccoril of arrivals and departures of emiiloyes of Kailway Mail Service, where ke))t and how ])osted of local agents, liow kept till' m.iil. how ke])t by jtostmasters Record of registered iuatter received and delivered, entries upon, how made Record of registeretl matter in tran»iit must be carefully preserved and open to in^iieetiou of s])ecial agents Records, jiature of to be kept at post-offices of Iie;)artment and Auditor to be evidence in suits Redemption, currency .sent to Treasurer of the United States for, to be registered free of cliarge ' special instructions for registrati to send to be sent to Dead-Letter Ortiee witli unelainu-d matter Registered fourt ■■•class matter, rules to be observed by senilers of Registered letters addressed to persons conducting fraudulent lotteries, ic, may be returned by oi-der of the I'ostmaster-deni'ral arriving in bad order, treatment of by receiving jiostma.ster unsealed. Ireattnent of bv receiving ]iost master control of writer ceases after dis]>ateh, withdrawal of by writer before dispatch not subject to attachment in the hands of postmasters before delivery rules to be observed b.v senders of S.C. I'agC «KI7 1.11 «nx l.'.l 047 I.VJ KU\ I.-.l H3.'. l.V» tr7i) 1.'.7 nn u:{ IH-A I.V.' im I.V.' (MO I.'SI «4'.' l.'.l' OVO 14» t«0 149 26 .-(I (t:{9 l.-.l 792 17:5 (l.-.l ft4X }r,2 lAV, I.V.' rat 1.-.0 70.-. 17f) !I40 1!>4 71H 104 71)7 ](i.{ 9 3.-. 70(5 lo:{ 2.T 38 036 l.-.l tar, ^■A) 029 149 crt8 1.51 037 lil 041 l.-.l •J(>9 89 178 72 **20 SO 112."^ 277 llllS 2(H I'M) 74 2.i»< s, 215 78 629 149 119 61 123 62 l.il 67 .^.16 124 2«6 91 .-)28 126 24G, 248 84 749-7.il 109 sol 174 0.-.7-(J01 1.-.:. 841 l.«0 .-.14 124 1223 304 817 177 818 177 112 473 118 472 118 81.-. 177 87.'. l.'i4 .<-.9 183 800 l.SJ 883 18(i 874 184 814 177 * The title " Railway Service " refers onl v to the tiansportation of nuiils by n»iln>ad companies under contract or otherwi,se,' and should not be confounded with the h'aitiray Mail Sen-ire. by which is under- stood the distribution and dispatch of mails in tran.sit upon railroails and steamboats in "(iHices" by route-agents, postal-clerks, and other postal employes denominated in these regulatinns " Kniployes of tlie IJail'W.iv Mail Service.' 416 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Sec. Page. Rcsjistered matter, accouuts of, to bo preserved in post-oftices 890 187 becomes so wlieu postmaster gives a registry receipt therefor 821 178 care required iii delivery of 868 184 Department not liable for loss of 806 176 delivery of, by can'iers , 866, 867 184 duty of postmasters in 865 183 on order of tlie addressee 870 184 foreign, forwarded within Postal Union 912 190 liable to custdiiis duty, liow treated : 910 190 post marked at exchange post-otfices 913 190 specially held for delivery, bow long 911 190 undelivered tliirty days "to be seut to Dead-Letter OiBce, except request matter from Canada 908 190 for insane or dead persons, how delivered 873 184 found among ordinarv matter, treatment of 886 186 handling of, bv local agents 802 174 how prt'paivd i\ ir dispatch 828 179 to be dis].at( lied 831 179 misseut, duty of postmaster receiving 882 186 missing or lost, to be reported to Chief Special Agent 887 186 may be forwarded from one post-olHce to another on request 881 185 returned to sender on reiiuest 881 185 never to be sent direct o vei' railway-mail routes 836 180 no charge to be made on delivery of 861 183 notification to box -h(dder of arrival of 864 183 not reaching destination, to be reported to Chief Special Agent 849 181 to be intrusted to mail-carriers or messengers 833 179 tied with ordinary mail-matter 832 179 original record of, returned, must show what 878 185 po.stage-stamps on, to be canceled; matter to be marked '•Rkoistered" 822 l78 l)ostmaster8 failing to see that proper postage and fees are prepaid on, must pay the ditterence '..... 862 183 responsible for wrong delivery of 869 184 proper dispatch of how and when to be certified to 834 179 received for delivery at a post-office, treatment of 856 182 from foreign countries, delivery of 906 189 receii)t to be taken upon delivery of 824 178 record of, in transit 841 180 refused by addressees to be letumed to mailing post-office 877 185 registry notice to be sent of arrival of 863 183 safety of, how secured 808 176 sent to an Otfice from a distant post-office, how to be pouched 835 180 Dead-Letter Office, how to be indorsed 880 185 must be rcgisten-d free 880 185 to be accomjianicd l)y what 880 185 or from foreign countries to be postmarked at exchange post-offices 913 190 tliat cannot tie ouclies, wlien 842 180 uniform rules for treatment of, except 854 182 Registration, duty of postmasters to encourage 809 176 matter admitted to 810 176 matter not admitted to, wlien addressed to certain foreign countries 904 189 received for, to be entered, uuudxred. and receipt given therefor 819 178 not allowed on Sunday nor re(iuire of currency sent for redemjition, special instructions for 818 177 toTreasurerofthe FnitedStatesforredemption to be freeof charge. 817 177 letters only to Aspinwall permissible 1129 278 Panama permissible 1129 278 Shanghai iieruiissilde 1129 278 iM>i:x. 417 Ki^giHlriilioii — ( onl inui'tl. •f mutt IT iidtliTsscd to I'difi^tii I'oiiiitricN, jji-ucral nili'8 tin- to I'osliil I'liioii coiiiitiius what niiitttcr lu'iinittrd i liimrtorly rfi>orts of, to Tliiifl Asuistnut I'osliiiaMtfr-tiriii'rnl v) Australia (New South WaU-a. (^iUM-ii«laiiil. and Virtoriu) ]u-riiii8Hil>le Ecuador not pfruiissildc (Juatcniala not pcrniis.siblf Nrw Zialaud pc rniissiliU- Sand\\ iili Islands (Ilawaiiau Kin<^duni) not piTiniHsibk! \'tni-/inla not iiirinissil)l(' _. R« KIN t rat ion book to lie nunilicrcd 1 at c'onnncuct-nn'Ut of each iinaHtT KcKiKtrulion frv lixid at ten rents for caili letter or narccl Uniit of. none rcqiiirid on oltiiial niattir of the Post-Onicfi Department on matter addressed to forei'in (■inmtriis to countries of I'niveisal Postal I'nion ... RfKislry bill, al)sinee of, to lie rei)orted by jiostmaster receiving re^iiMterud matter to Til i rd .\ ssistant I'ostmasti'r-t ienei'al directions for mal^ini^ out lailiu-; to return, circular of iuipiiry to be .sent out no postage retpiired on, when returned receivius; postmaster to sui)ply omissions lui RcgiHiry diMt-, usc> of, upon throughrejiistered-iiouches KcKiHtry notice to lie sent to persons to whom registered niatt«r is addressed K^HiMtry rcc«'il»t to be signed and returned without d«day Kf'KiMtry return receipt, ali.sence of to be repoitcd by postmaster receiving refjis- tered matter, to 'I'hird Assistant l'ostmaster-( Jeneral .Utached to foreign undelivered matte)- to be leturned to exchange post-offlco with indorsement, etc directie signed and returned receiving ))Osfmaster to sujijily omissions on Kegistry schemes to be comi)lied with by postma.ster Kegistry system, envelopes used iu, how pivcured •>8tablishmeut of through-registered-pouch service. (-See Thuough-kegistehkk- POUCH.) List of blanks used in ject of _■ postmasters, except at exehange post-offices, forbidden to write to foreign post- masters upon matters conceming ;-- fiostmasters in doubt as to regulations of, to submit the question to Third Assist- ant Postmaster-General ._ posttnasters not to reprimand other postmasters for violation of regulations of to Interest themselves iu success of supplies used iu. to l>e kept up Registry tracers must receive immediate attention of receiving postnni8t«r to l)e sent when receipt of registereil postage-stamp, etc., i>ackage is not acknowl- edged • ; Regular subscribers to newspapers and periodicals defined Regulations, alterations in, how noted examination of employes of Railway Mail Service in _ - mi.scellaueiMis, and suggi stions in ivgard to mailing matter to foreign countries postal, by whom to be prescribi-d Rejection, right of, nserved on all bids for carrying the mail Keiuoval, in case of, frcmi State of sureties new bonds re(iuired of postmasters, by whom made • ftjr neglecting to promptly collect drafts Rene vfal of lost warrant or draft, how obtained of i>ostniaster's bond, how made Rent of letterboxes in post-offices to be prepaid quarterly of letter-boxes nnist be reported by jjost masters of jiostotlices. aUowance tor, onlv made to tirst and second class post-offices Reports, annual, of Auditor of the Treasury forjthe Post-Office Department annual, of Postmaster-dcueral ,- monthly, of postagi-.stamps, &c., to be made by postmasters at Presidential offices. luartcrl v. of exjien-ses to be made by postmasters • >f local agents to be made daily to l')ivision Suiierintendent of what Representatives in Congress are entitled to send and receive public documents free ol iharge -*•'• Request matter must have one full rate of postage prepaid not tirst class, sender may have returned by sending postage to be returned to writer , ReNidenrp nt postmaster must be within delivery of iiost-office Resignations of cmi)loy6s of Kailway Mail Service to be forwarded to Divisnm Su- ]ierinti>ndents .' -.-,•••• Responsibility for uncollected drafts, sureties of postmaster to be held to, it the Matter fails lo jmmiptly collect drafts .Return of dead matter Ret urn- letter envelopes, cancellation of return stamps on Postniaster-Oencral may issue 27 P L 1112 MlU 1126 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 H20 MKI t*12 HW 1104 858 826 848 872 8.->7 92G H&'l 830 8o8 909 825 903 902 871 871 872 907 85" 844 893 806 188 2IH 176 187 276 275 275 276 275 277 178 177 176 188 262 182 178 181 184 1><2 192 la-j 179 182 190 178 189 189 184 184 184 189 182 181 187 176 892 807 914 897 896 895 894 884 885 193 716 1132 26 597 109 101 1198 1201 112 300. 301 299 129 45 44 162 341 799 246, 248 4.Vi 465 456 104 76*5 1197 482 376 143 187 178 190 188 188 187 187 186 186 74 353 166 278 39 141 57 56 300 300 .58 93 93 63 45 44 68 99 174 84 116 117 116 56 171 299 119 103 65 418 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Return posstal cards, caiKellatiou of return stanijis on Postmastfi -(it-iieral may issue Return requesiit. (.SVcEKiiUEST Matter.) Returns, quarterly,. blauk forms for, and instructions for keeping, at fourth-class post-ottices composed of what copies of, to he forwarded and originals to he retainecl by postmasters errors in, corrected by Auditor forms for, at Presidential ]»o.st-ortices how to be mailed indorsement on back of, how filled up not to include more than one fniartci' not upon regular blanks will not be audited payments for former (|uai ters not to appear on on account of, wliat not to be entered on penalty for failing tn render penalties for rendering fal.se printed labels to he used liy postmasters at Presidential offices rendition of, not changed on account of a postmaster giving new bonds time of rendering to he accompanied by attidavit rendered by postni;isters signed by whom transcript to be sent wit li .. .. when lost in the mail postmasters must forward duplicates Revenues, how covered into the Treasury from postage c(dlected fiom publishers, how to he i-ejtorted postal, to be deposited b,\' certain po.stmasters at least once a week surplus, to meet exi)euses at first and second class post-otMces to he paid into tin- Treasury ... . uncollected at i>iist otiici's to Imj eharged against postiuaster.s Road duty, postma.stirs not cxeiiipt from Robbery of post-otticc to 1><- reported to Chief Special Agent, how Robbery of the mail, attempt at, penalty for penalty for '. punishment of accessory to, after the fact to he reported to Chief Special Agent Roster of clerks at post-othces of first and second class Route agents. {ISee EMi'i.dV^s ok the Railway Mail Service.) on steamboats to receive and take charge of letters Postmaster-( jcneral may appoint to he provided with apartments on mail-.steamhoats Russia, correspondence to. liow addressed newspapers not allowed to be mailed to, except Sacks, (iiee Mail-kacs.) Safety chain for mail-keys to he u.sed by employes of Railway Mail Service Sailors' letters may he forwarded unpaid, how Salaries, no postmaster to retain more than of clerks at jiost-othces foreign mail-agtuts fourlh-class ](ostmasteis letter-carricns mail-agents on board of ocean steamers postmasters, applications for readjustment of, to First Assistant Postmaster- General postmasters at Piesideiitial post-otHces biennial, readjustment of limit of may be dated back, when may be deducteil from receipts (uders ati'ectiiig, to l)e reported to Auditor pro teiii of special agents Sale of i(ostan('-stai\i]iK and stamjied envelopes of ))ostagestinii|is, etc., tn lie nia(h' by postmasters for cash only unlawful, of poHtage-staiiijis ; iiiiialties tlu'refor ' Sample copies, definition of manner of iiuiilin'.i not entitled to free county delivery of scicnidelass mattei- nia\ be mailed at ])ound rates Samples of iiicrciiandi-k<> (kcc CfiNVKN iion ok Paris, regulations ai>oi'TKI> r.Y) admissilile to mails for Canada, New SouthWales, Xew Zealand, Qneenslan 287 116.^) 288 1167 288 1177 289 1150 287 117.) 289 ll.'ifl 287 115(< 287 117U 289 1172 289 11.-.:! 287 lis 61 llOU >«7 1164 288 11. -.4 287 115-.' 2>*7 11. -.1 236 1166 288 1157 287 1169 289 39 3 161 68 74 ?,l 1-J7 62 66 50 57 49 6 •fi 492 121 1239 312 123.'* 312 1247 :!14 493 121 131 es 261 87 22 38 608 144 1122 266 1123 267 784 172 179 72 134 6S 131 6S 19 37 117 60 310 95 20 ■J» 123 62 116 .19 119 61 122 62 12» 61 132 65 120 61 135 63 6 3.=. 145 6^^. 166 65> 118 6! 203 76 205 76 244 84 195 74 1126 274 1113 264 1126 275 1126 275 1126 275 1126 274 1126 2T5 365 1'>1 745 168 622 145 657 1S4 42:: \m 400 lOri 731 ; V' iM>i:\. 419 Ncollllllfl. (.SVi- CKKAr Ukiimn.) SonI «)t I'omI otlicc I)«'i>iirtiiiulo(l lotHTJ* never to lie o|iiuii| i>rililiiitiiii tliiil tliiv idiitnln tiiiiiiall- ;llili- iiiMlt.T ... . ■ Nealc'd piK'kiijfi'H siilijcrf to liistiliis.-i lalt-s ul' iiciHtaKc til 111- CiiiNwnilid MS liist rliisH matti-i' il'iiiir lull talc <»(' |ioHta;;c in paiil Nfiilx, Niiiiflity ot\ iiiisliiiaMli'i.s In iirfSfivc inviiilalc Wi>nr«'ln'"i I'm- iii;iil iiNitli'i trMiis|iiiT tcil in viiil:iliiiii rnl, ii|i|iliratiiins I'lir iiiHiMtaiiH lu Im> iiiadf to luisiiicss orotliee of iiiav j;iiint Icavc.-i of absi-iicc to ('in|)lo\ es of Kailway Mail Si-i'vifC on hiii');cou'ii cer- t'iliiatc of ilisaliilit.v ' " may siiTli wliat contiacts railway roiii]iaiii<'s to icpoif to. wlion ready li> liave niailH weijjlied to he fiiinislied witli Inventoiy of what |iiil)lie jiroperty at jiost-oltices Net'Oiid clnNN iiinil'iiiitlf<>r. a|i|>ea'l of postmaster in iloiilitliil cnHex to Fh'Hl As- sistant I'ostiiia.stii-CMiiiial 1 tills, rt'ceiiits. and indeis tor suliscriiition may lie iiirlosed in deliuition of ' entry of, at iiost-ottiees essential eharaeteristies foreiftn publieatioiis, liow iiiNiH-eted may In- admitted as form of tiill foi- to aeeom)iany freeeonniN |iul>lieations must lie mailed liy themselves must not claim two oltiees of |>nblicatioii in dift'erent oouii- ties free in county exee)it at carrier post-oltices how to be ottered for mailiujr at m'c-deli very iiost-oftices loses its cliaracter when iirobibited matter is found therein uianm-r of colleitini; )Mistairi- on may be carried in ottipai-atiiig jtOKl-oHi<-<>M. allowance for clerks at 1-1 Oi Mliausliai, registi-ition of letters to. penni.ssible 1121> 27K Nliip I<>tl<-ri4. account of. kept by postniiister '-K iS7 de tin it ion of -■j'j "^ double postage on --^2 'IH manner of collecting fees on '-{'" ■*'2 no fee on. addressed to foreipi countries --'^ '^ no fees to mail vessels for bringing "-'•'■' ".i. no fees to passiiincrs or sailors for bringing -'(JO ». payment for carrying [-■}^ ";* ratini; ii|i postiiL:e on -•'*' •"'' to In- ni civi-il liv masters of all I'nited States v<-ssels 2">2 ^i Wliip prill |«- ik:. 73 2ia "" •SM «2 242 1*3 24.t »* 2:t'.l K3 241 «« 20}) 77 l.W 68 77« 171 209 77 1X2 72 2:m "2 2:1.'. s2 723 160 irjH 280 2n:t 82 2.11 81 240 83 101 6« 2l!«i 88 1!M 74 471 118 190 74 IS!) 74 22»; SO 244 .<4 19.-. 74 210 77 192 74 lilt* 2C0 112»i •274 112ti **7."i 211 77 191 74 2«M .xT 253 80 2:« SI 9m 189 420 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Site of post-ofliccs uiit tu be changed by iiostinasters Size of pai-kageM in jtostal union mails Skelehes, foiiith-tlass matter, being unclassified ^Iide-label!4. {See Labels.) Smithsoniau Institution allowed to send package.-* iu excess of four pounds as t'imrth class matter Soldier!owei-s of bond required of carried by railway companies without extra charge cases, when allowed per diem pay certain officers of Dei)artnu-nt may act as communications from, confidential credentials of, always sigmd by whom should l)e di luandid by postma.sters employed in certain duties, paid out of what appropriations employes of Railway Mail Seivice must assist j must not report presence of instructions to, by whom given mail rn tiansit may be delivered to. by employ6s.of the Railway Mail-Service may be authorized to make searches for mail matter transported in violation of law placed in charge of post-offices open mails seize letters unlawfully carried out of the mails must be obeyed by postmasteis, contractors, and other postal employes persons autliorized to be ap])ointed presence in offices not to be noted on employes' record of arrivals and departures.. regardeil as iitrsonal reiii escntatives of Postmaster-General report to l)e made to, when registered packages fail to reach their destination responsible only to Postmast .-r-General salaries of transported free by mail contractors to have access to offices to notify .justices of the peace of their right to examine persons arrested for viola- ti(ms of postal laws to search vessels for letters unlawfully carried Special mail carriers, postmasters to reports amount paid for, to Third Assistant Postmaster-General Special post-ofBccs, nature of postmasters at, to report to Auditor balance over amount due mail-caiTier notify Second Assistant and Division Superintendent when point of supply is changed must pay mail-carriers promptly RU)>plying mail to Special request envelopes, accounted for as postage-stamps requisitions for spoiled in ))rintiug, proper course of postmasters Special service, on new mail-routes may be extended one year Specimen papers. {See Sample coi'if.s.) Spoiled neivspaper wrappers, postage only on, refunded, how Spoiled postal card.>t, how redeemed Spoiled stamped envelopes postage only on, refunded, how Stage-coach, penalty for falsely advertising, as carrying the mail Stage-rou tes, direct packages i o be made for post-offices on, of mail to be forwarded by Stamp Division. {See Posi AiiK SxAivir Division.) Stamped envelopes {see Voi^v XkiKifix'sn'S for general provisions concerning) kinds of letters inclo.sed in, may be conveyed outside of the mails, except mode of making reijuisition liv postmasters postage on spoiled, refumbil. how Postmaster-General authorized to adopt improvements in postmasters not to lose fraction o " cent on sale of to be issued by Postmaster-C ;eriodical, how used newspaper aiul jx i iodical, i>ost,masters how to proceed when exhausted penalties for unlawful sab- of postage, and other supj)lies, record of, to be kept by postmasters credit for, when dist roved, liow oiitained. ." forging or couutei feit ing of, penalty for 1227, 1228 307, 308 how to be disposed of when post-oftice is discontinued kinds of lost or stolen, to be charged to postmasters manner of canceling monthly report to be made by nostmasters at Presidential offices no coniiieiisaticm allowed for sale of no cre(lit allowed when stohm not to be exchanged l(enalty for removing, from mail-matter, or using, washing, or selling after cancellation Sec. Page. 527 126 1113 265 221 79 221 79 179 72 7-14 168 27 39 6 35 8 35 13 36 11 36 644 152 6 35 7 35 14 36 040 128 540 128 10 36 786 172 12 36 769 171 570 134 110 58 13 36 564 133 13 36 12 36 787 172 18 37 849 181 18 37 6 35 615 145 758 170 15 36 563 133 81 52 76 52 87 53 4 27 88 53 548 130 156 68 149 66 1.53 67 354 170 69 171 70 170 69 1251 315 391 105 139 65 568 134 147 66 170 69 144 6G 166 69 138 64 174 70 172 70 885 186 159 68 160 68 118 61 .514 124 167 69 1228 307, 308 164 69 137 64 173 70 377 103 162 68 165 69 168 69 169 69 iNi»i:.\. 421 MinuipH — ( 'oiitiiiiicil. postage, I'o.stiiiii.Htir(!iiicial aiilhi>ii/.i'aliiii$' mail-matter, i)enalty Steamboats, mail apartments to be furnished on mail, letters on, how disposed of penalty for uidawfully ]>aiiitiui;- the words "U. S. Mail" upon Steamboat letters, liiiount oi', to be kept on mail steamboats to ;;o into hands of route-agent to be received by nuisters of inland steamboats Steamboat service, contracts may be made for. without advertising Steamers, ocean, mail agents on. appointment and salaries Stolen money to be delivered to owners Stolen postage-stamps to be charged to postmasters. ... Straw-bi« 271 H9 272 «9 270 ■<>j lt< 2^ (K12 Wo 391 105 601 141 ."•2 47 U3(i •JHl 52 47 724 167 387 11)5 129 •KJ 123.'; :!iii 60tl 144 261 s7 12.^il :il.-. 262 261 s7 253 HI) 607 143 20 ;jf .62 .'HI 173 7o 600 143 t>06 143 36:< 101 33.-. 9K :t6J 101 313 96 312 95 334 98 1229 308 333 98 357 101 625 624 193 ISM 751 321 1132 1217 12Ii> 1222 1223 12tM! si'l 974 ■r^ 413 414 416 417 415 •t. 706 207 20«! IM4 10'.» 141! 141! 16!) 96 278 29 29 104 :w.\ :;it4 :iU4 ;!i)4 :(01 125 176 201 39 107 107 108 108 108 , 16:t 7«! 76 l.VJ 422 rOSTAL LAWS AND REGULATION'S, Siirrtics — Continued. may render accounts of deceased postmasters (in bidders' bonds to l)e ai)])roved by a postmaster ; bonds of bidders for cairjing must qualify: penalty for falsely swearini; to value of propeity, etc more tlian one bond, qTialification of piistiiiasters' bonds, how released limit of liability not liable -when suit for indiTbtedness is not instituted within three years after close of accounts ... res]iousibh- foi their neglect to collect Auditor's drafts responsibility after jiosfniaster's death to apply to I'iist Assistant I'ostmaster-deneral for release.. to be notitied by .\uditor of deticieucy in accounts Surplu.s revenue, allowances for e.\]ienses at first and second class post-ottiees to to be made out of . . fS^'itzerland, money-orders exchanged with Telegrams on government business, rates to be paid for . Telegraph companies, lines of may be juirchased by United States may take buililing materials from ])ublic lands must accept obligations before exercising rights ccmferred . . give priority to govoi'un;ent messages at lates tixed by the I'ostmastor-Gcn- eral '. ' . . . . penalty for refusing to transmit government telegrams at rates fixed by Postmas- ter-General lates to be charged by, for tran.smitting government telegrams rights and privileges gTanted, not to be transferred of way over public domain granted to subject to government rates, li.st of Temporary contracts for carrying' the mail, no higher payment than last contract-price autliori/.ed for not to lie made by jiostuiasters after expiration of contract-term to be for not exceeding one year when authorized to be made without advertising when to be made by po.stmasters : when made to be reported to Second Assistant Postmaster-General Temporary permits for new second-class j)ublication.s, blanks for, how procured. Terminal post-offlce.>», mails to and from, to be accompanied by employes of Rail- way Mail Service ' Third Assistant I»ostmasterOeneral. ab.scaice of registry-bill and return- registry-receipt on domestic registered matterto be reported to. by receiving postmaster luisincss of office of doubtful iiuestions under registry regulations to be submitted to iiKluiries for dead matter to be addressed to may sign what contracts uiisdireeted registered packages of po.stage-stamps, etc.. from Stamji Division to be reported to iiuarterly reports to, of matter registered at all ])ost-offices regi.Htered packages of po.Htagc-stamps. etc., found danuiged in transit to be re- pented to ' i-ep(Mt to be made to. l)y postmasters of registere« 182 27 40 .897 188 21 31 ,50 46 851 181 888 187 855 182 860 183 862 183 !i:!(i 194 215 78 23; 83 572 134 810 176 000 188 238 83 23:! 82 232 81 2(i6 Sfi 815 177 1118 266 , 451 115 221 79 40:! 106 922 192 932 19:i 933 193 925 192 92() 192 934 193 917 191 !I27 192 936 194 9:!8 194 923 192 031 m\ 9:i0 19:i 924 192 929 193 921 191 928 192 iM>i;\. 423 I ki-iMij^jli r<'^iNl<-i-4-il |iom<'Im-<> — ( 'mil iniiiil. takiii ill 1 11 1 II 111 iiMl iiustiiHiccs, when MiniHiiiisHiDii (if. Ill list lir rc;;iilin- iiiiil invariiiltlu wluil matt IT III list 111' iiii'liisi-il in 'rhr<»iiu'li rt'K-iNtrml-iioiifii o(IU-«>it, t'lir wliiit piirpnitc i-Htitliliftlifil »|Mcial sii|i|ilitH lor iinist In- kf|il II 1 1 iisr anil rair of. spi't'ial sii|i)ilii's for Tiitif ol allixiii!; |iostaK>'(>K'ra|>li<>r. ilisliniscincuts I'ov otlirc of, liow iiiadr uoik nlollir. ol' Trallif aii«l triKliii;; by i-iiiplovi's of Kailwnv Mail Scivii-i- on dutv fni'liiilikin TraiiiM. ro>tiiias!(i -Ccncral tti iliViilc wliat. shall cairy mails ' TriiiiMOriplM iiui.st acconiiiany iioslniastirs' i|iuirtt'rly ivtuni al\va\s 111- SI 11 1 w illi ai rininl-cili'VOlit uot upon rii;iilar Iilanks will imt In- a ml it id t4) iiiilmli' only )iusiiiiss iif mil' iiiiaitcr TrniiMcripf N of refortlM of Amlitor'.s 1 ks prima facie i-vMciu-e iii trials for em- lif/,/.li'iiiiiit of nioniviinli'i' fmi(ts "f till' D.'paitni.'ut, liow aiitlii'iitiiattMl TraiiMlVr of dciiuHits liv post mast its to be niailf iironiptly "f mail 11 111 tracts ]iiiiiiiliiti'il liostal ili'piisits. how made liosf-ottiii's from oni' tinaucial ilass to auotlu^r |iioiiosals for canyi:!^ the mail proliibiti'd pulilir funds by jiostinastii' in tVii' ri'^jistind Ictti-r TraiiMt'rr «f drbtw due tlir Di'partniint to contiactors to lontractors only in aciordanrt' w itli approjiriatioiis TrHnwftT of iiiailw at stations, rerord of. to In- ktipt by local agents '.lual a;:i'iits to assist in and siipi-iinti'ml TraiiNii-iit ii4-u>rM. [See 'riiiicDci.Ass mattek.) TranNiiiillal It-llfr, iiiii|iiiit of. to ari'onipany dciiosits TrauMitorlaliou «-iir4>lop«-H for sii'ds, itc. may lie scaled TraiiNporlalioii of iiiailN. (See Maii. iciN iijact.s.) Trea»iii'«'r of llic I' ■■ileal MtaleM, riirn-ni-v sent to. for rc(li'iii]>tion to be rejristcred tVei- of .liar^i- ' may draw upon postal dipositaries '1 rials of otfinsi's a<;ainst postal laws in Federal and State courts of owiu'isliip of attaibed pio|ii'rty bow to be conducted ^ Trip peri^^it!!i, in ride in ( Ittiies. ..' Trip reporl»>, acridiiits to mail-trains to be noted in to be made li\ em|iloyes of the Uailway Mail Service to Division Superintendents.. Turi^i, inti'iiiatioiial exebauiic iiost-ortiee for money-orders T v»-iii<> in ( tftices to be examineil by empbiyes of Ka'ilway Mail Service and tunicd iu to terminal iiostottiees T j'pe-writiiig not printing:, and therefore tirst-class matter I'nclaiiiieal leltcrn not to be held at lioteks loiifrer than ten days, to be then redirected ami ntiinied to ]iiist-otHee I.'i»«.-lai>^i<- liKI •.r»} 191 UI.'. 191 UlU 101 UIO 191 ftlM 101 •-TJ 80 .'.3 47 'Si 89 763 170 ftt'J 152 iir.r. 287 1157 287 IIM 287 1150 287 1076 222 28 41 78 52 623 146 m 51 77 52 600 141 80 52 60 49 60 49 7tf8 174 795 173 7n .•SS •1-i'i 79 1 SIT 177 71 51 52 47 1210 302 759-761 170 788 172 727 168 1055 217 739 168 220 78 • if littercarriir.s to be siip|died bv themselves .. I'niverMal Po.>itai t'nio^^. (.SVc (■(ixvENriox of (See (■(iXVEXriOX OF Pakis.) onditions of form and weight for matter addressed to coiiut-.ies in couiitrii s and colonies embraced in. names of postage and registration fee to countries of registered matter to be forwarded in i'niiiailable luatter, addressee of. to be notitied, when ■annot be registered •letinition anil ilassification of deiiosited in Offices to be jiostmarked, etc tlestriictivc, disiiositiou ot -numeration of forwarded to Division Superintendent to .show name of emi>loye sending: found in ( Iffices, disposition of bow sent to Dead Letter Office ■uadvertently forwaided, how treated at jiost-oltices reaching destination, how treated must be .sent pronii>tly to Dead Letter Othce (■recautious to lie taken by ]iostniasters against receiving •each inn destination, bow disjiosed of 449 115 406 117 451 115 452 115 1132 280 474 118 469 117 56 49 .56 49 13 27 876 185 908 190 :f49 100 470 117 711 164 r. :i28 97 329 98 1113 264 1106 262 nm 262 912 190 439 113 810 176 432 111 743 168 440 113 •>•»•» 79 741 168 740 168 442 114 436 112 230 81 441 113 224 79 475 118 424 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Uniuailable matter — Continued. received from railway Offices by postmasters, how treated returns of, to Dead Letter Office to be returned to senders by postmasters, when sent to Dead Letter Office under Postal Union regulations, defined for foreign mails only when returned to senders at distant jiost -offices Unpaid matter, double postage on wholly, wlien inadvertently reaching destination failure to affix jiostage-due stamps, penalty therefor how to be treated at free-delivery post-offices if unable to deliver not to be delivered till postage i.s paid postage-due stamps to be affixed before delivery of time of affixiua: postajic-diic stani jis on Unworlied mail received at jMist-offices to be reported Vacancy of office of jiostmastpr to be tilled without delay Vacancies in jiost ottitts. bow tilled, duties of sureties in case of in the Railway ilail Service, eni]iloyes not to give intVmuation concerning Valnable matter received at Dead Letter Office, record to be kei)t of . . . ." registration of, should be encouraged by postmasters Value, letters of declared, not admissible to Postal I'liion mails Vehicle, jienalty for falsely advertising, as carrying the mail Venezuela, special postal arrangements with , Vessels carrying letters contrary to law not to be granted clearances may be searched bv Siiecial Agents for letters unlawfully carried penalty for unlawfully painting, etc., words U. S. Mail upon to deliver all letters at post-offices Victoria, special postal arrangements with Vouchers acconi]ianyinj.; general postal account to be retained by postmasters for deductions on account of ex]ienses to be sent to Auditor for only one (juarter to be sent with (piarterly return nuist acc(>m]iany iiostniasters' tjuarterly return no allowance toi- exjienditures without not upon regular blanks will not be audited Wales. (.SVf i iKKAT P>I{IT.\1X.) Warrant, aii]ilin to Auditor for renewal of lost, must jirove non-]iaynieut ap])lication to Audit(U- for dujdicate of lo.st, how made du])licatc. tencu. force, and effect of Warrant ot attachment. {See Attachmext.) W^aste paper and tTV'ine in Offices to be examined by em])loyes of Railway Mail Service and turned into terminal post-offices in post-offices to be examined for letters, etc sent to postmaster at Xew York to be sold Water-route.'ii, contracts for mail-service upon, made without advertisement mail may be cat ried on Way post-otHces on star routes, driver not required to leave his team to deli^■er mail to Way pouches, registered packages must be sent in, except Weight, conditions of, for matter addressed to Postal TTniou coiuitries limit of four pounds for third and fourth class matter in domestic mails no limit of, for official matter Weight of mails, compensation of railroads based ujion on railroads to be ascertained, liow often W^eight of matter to be determineil at post-office of mailing Withdra^val of matter, ajiplication for, to be refused when hejond mailing post-office only peimitted Ijy special order of the Postmastei'-den- eral proof of identity to be re(iuired befoi'e registered first-class by writer before dispatch when i)ermitted Witnesses in trial of otfenses against postal laws, when to give bond 'Wooden labels. (-See Lauf.ls.) W^rappei-s, postmasters may remove, from matter not charged with lettei-postage to ascertain whether it contains an.vthing liable to higher rate stamped newspajjer, to be issued by Postmaster-( ieneral , requisition for, how to be made to be sold at cost and postage when sjioiled postage only refunded, how Written inscriptions, third-class matter not to be rated up for, unless they are clearly in the nature of ])ersonal coiTes])ondence Written matter. (.S'ec Fikst-class mattkk.) Writing, tliird-class matter cimtaining, may i)ass tbrougli the mails at third-class rates, wlien ' 1 Sec. PasP. 435 ■12 443 114 437 113 431 111 1117 265 438 113 267 88 271 89 •273 89 268 88 270 89 272 89 401 106 110 .57 110 .5T 767 171 483 119 .«;09 176 1124 267 1251 315 1126 276 .-.61 1.3& 563 133 12.51 31» .562 13a 1126 277 1185 296 133 63 1159 287 11.55 287 1173 289 1 1.58 287 1202 300 1201 300 1204 300 739 168 .522 12.5 ■)9 28 607 144 •547 130 662 155 842 180 1113 264 221 79 221 79' (129 140 (i33 150 269 89- 293 92 294 !t2 292 92 .«:83 186 291 92 17 37 266 .18 138 lU 147 66 174 70 170 6!^ GLOSSARY WORDS HAVING A TECHNICAL MEANING IN THE POSTAL SERVICE. Ai-liiig Posliiirtsler. A inison in iliMim- i.f n piist-i>Hiic l»y aiilliority rVmn tin- I'lrrtiilinl in .•««.• lit' llic iciiii)\;il. oi- liy aiitliiiiity nftlic suii-ticti nf tlio ixistniastcr in liim- «if tin- iiiMroniliiiK. ar- ifst, insauilv. or ilcatli ol' tile latttT. |)( ndin-; tin- a|))iiiintin('nt of a n«w {mstniarttcr. Sc»- ner tions 111, i:{rj. nt)2. Address. iSyji. Direclinn.) Tlip siipeisoTi)itiiiii of mail. Iddresst-e. The person or care to wlioni matter is aililicsscil tor delivery. AdjiistiiK'iil. A])iilie(l to railroa1e for the amount and ignin;; the niiiht liifoi. for his morniniT nin. This jiraetice is strictly prohihited. Advice of a .llouey-Order. A letter or notice, jiartly printed and partly wiitleii. Iiearin;: tin same number and date as its correspondinji nuuu'V.order, sent bv the iHsnin<: to the paying iMistt- master Ibr the |)ur]iose of informing the latter as to the name and re.sideuce of the remitter aud payee of the order. I'sed to assist tlie paving postmaster in tUo identitication of the owner of thJ' order. (S.-ctions 981, OSO. 00], !l!l+.) Advioe-Foriit. The jirinted form. ))rescribed by the rostmaster-tieneral, uikhi wiiieli a letter i>f advirc is made out. (Si>.").) Application. Apajx-r. jiartly printed aud )>aitly written, upon whieii tli.- remitter has stated the anuiuiit for which lu- desires a nioneyor Application. Form of. Form 60(11, upon wliicli tin- remitter of a money ordi-r is retpiired to nnikf out his ai)plieatiou. (Seetion 97S.) Badge. A mark or insignia designed to distinguisli otticials or i-mploy^-s id' any branch "f tin- pi«st ottiee serviee. Bag. (.sVc M.ui. H.\(;.) Bag. Di!«patcli. A leather pouch witli spi( ial 1." U. in which is forwarded the foreign lorresjionil ince ot' the Department of Stat ■. Beneficiary. The jiavee, <>v i»erson for win m the anuiuut of a moneyonlui is intended. Cenei-ally used to designati' the iiavee of an inteinatioual uu>ncy-order. (Solicn 1(146.) Blind Keadcr. Tin- clerk in'tlu' lan^.r post-otiices to whom is referretl leu tinal interpretation. beforr forwarding to tlie I)eail-L>tter Oliice. sules placed over a letter can'ier's table to assist liim in anaiiuiuir his mail lor ronsciutive delivery. Case. Letter- ]>i<«tribntion. A piece of fiunit lire arr;uij;ed and intended to facilitate the distribu- tion of letters. Four cases, eacli comiirisin" from 100 to 200 separate boxes, are usually com- bined in one i)ieie of furniture. Case, Paper-Distribution Platform, (^yu. Platform Oven.) The same as the last named with the exception that a workino; platform i.s raised to the level of the lower tier of boxes, thus aflbrdini; ^i.rcatcr facilities where many divisious on one case is necessary — consistinii of from 300 to .j.50 divisions, oi' boxes. Case, Paper Distribution, Cprighl. iSyn. Oi-cn.) An iiprislit caseof horizontal tiers of boxes, oiilinarily VI' x 10", fidiit openiii'.; aiiaimed to facilitate llie distribution of 2d, 3d, ami 4th class matter. Consisting of froui .jl) to 17') divisions or boxes. Case. Registered. {See KKinsi'EUEii.) Case Kxainination, Offices by Counties. An examination conducted in the railway mail service anil distribution divisions of ]>ost-offices. consistiuji of the separation of cards repieseut- ini; tlie ]iost-otli(es of a State or section, into lioxes labeled for the counties in which such post- otHcesaiv locatiMJ. Case Kxaniiualion, Offices by Sicbenie. An examination peculiar to the railway mail service and distriliution divisions of post-oltices. consistinj: of the separation of cards representing tile ])ost-ottiees in a State or section into boxes labeled for the mails directed by .scheme or order to l)e made II)) for such .section. Case Examination. Ti-anscript of Sehome. An examination somewhat similar to the alwve, l)ut in wlii( h the cards lepreseut only the offices ap])earing on the face of a scheme in which only a ))ortion of the offices in such county are specitically given. Cash-Book. The book in whiih the daily cash receipts and disbuisements of a money-order ix)st- offiei' aic entered. (Section 1077.) Cateh. To seize a mail wliile a train is in motion. Catcb-Crane. A crane erected by the side of a railroiid track on which to suspend ])onclies contain- ing niail to be taken by a train in motion at any rate of speed. Catch-Pouch. (>SV(' Maii,-('.\T(HEk PorcH.) Catch-!<(talion. A mail-station at which a mail-train iloes not stop, and mails are necessarily taken on trains w itli the catclier. Catcher. An iron instrument used on trains in connection with the fixed catch-crane, to take on mail at mail-staticms wliire no stoji is made. Catcher-Arm. The part of tlie catcher resting in sockets at either end and parallel with the side of the ciii at all times. Tlie short arm of tlie catcher as distingni.shed from the trip or long arm. I'atcher-IiCver. The wooden handle or lever by which the trip is worked or raised to a position on a horizontal liiii; with the arm, for taking the ponch from the crane. Catcher-Sockets, Tlie sockets on either side of the car door in which the catcher works and is supDorted. Catcher-Trip. Tlie long or rather the outer ann of the catcher, which, when riiised by the lever, trijis the l)ag froio the crane and secures it near the intersection with the ann. Certificate. Interuaiioual. (See Inteknationai..) Certificate of Deposit. A receipt made out by the postmaster of a money-order post-office of the ■'tirst 1 lass" ill aekiiowledgment of the deposit of a remittance of monev-oider funds. (Sees. 1(IS2, 10S3.) Certificate of Inspection. A certiflcjite of tlie Second Assistant Postmaster-General to the Au- ditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office Dejiartment. certifying that mail-service has been per- formed for a s]>e(itied peiiod liy the ])er,soii or by the mail-contiactor named therein. This cer- tificate also shows the amount of tiius and deductions, if any. which should be charged to con- tractor, or jiersiui pirforiiiing the service, beiause of failures or delinipiencies during the period of time covered liv such certificate, and is called a ■certiticate of inspection" because it is pre- Ijared after careful iiispeeti. lSecl:oiis ]049, KKi.'). ( Chargex. Aiiiouiits due and collectible at the post-office of delivery on mail insufticiently prepaid, but foiwaiileil in aceordaiice with regulation or treaty stiiiulation. Cleat. An Mttaclimeiit of metal device to a sack to which the drawing-card is fastened in closing the .sack. Clerk. Ciiief Head — (R. M. S ) A head railway i)ost office clei-k detailed to take immediate charge of the general ditails of serviie of a route or number of routes, to arrange for changes wlien necessary. >.V.c. Clerk. Dispatch. .\ clerk at a post-olbce to whom is assigned the special duty of dispatching and receiving mails. Clerk. Tally. .\ clei U lo wb>)iii is assigned the duty of tallying and checking made-up mails and niakiiiu for tile a jieriiianeiif rccoid of the same.. Clerk's I\ limber. .\ number stamped or written on the face of a facing-slip to indicate the clerk making ii]i the mail such faciiig-slii) accompanies. Close. The time spcciticMl and publicly aiinouiieed as the latest that mail can be ri'ceived at a post- office tor dispatch 1).\ any given mail. Closed .TIail. Corii'spondeiice si'iit in sealed hags in transit through one or more intermediary colllUries. CoIU'Clor. A lett:i. .\ term used to indicate a liausfer or coiitiiiuatiiui in transit without delay from one route lo another. Coiiiicctioii. Clos4-. .\ term used win n tin ditVerem c in time between the arrival at a ]>oint of mail on one route ami its ilejiaiture on another is only what is rcciuisitc to make all transfers. (JI.OSSAKY. 127 I'oniicctioii fVoiii. iTlHilll'll t'lllllll'i lion <'oiiii<-<-lioii M illi. Tliiilo. \ ti'i'iM iisfil to iiiilii':iti> tliiil rniiiiiTtinii ■nitwiiril m witli ii iiuiiii-ii tiinll icilllr li:i> Ii 111 iIiIImiimI liy till" rouli' llliili-l'Htiioil or ilf-iiv:ii'lt<'>l. t'onnorlioii willi. .TIisN«>lfri-r Htirh roinii'ctiiili. Coiilrnflor. Om- who imliv idiiMllv or iis m linn ■ onlrarlM to pcrloriii rrrtain si'rvii'i. of tin- iiuturi' of tr:iiis|)orl:il ion. in ;iri onl;inri- willi nilniii s|ic<'iH('iitioin4 anil lor a ili-tliiiti- Hinonnt nnincil !■ (■OIlllM.I, C'oiilriK-lor. Tlnil-Koiilc. A rontrartor witli tin- I'osi (Mlio Ii<'|inrlniinl tor liani)ii>rlatiiiii i>( 111.' ni:iil on :i .-.t;i;:c (star) of ini-ssi'n;:rr rinilr. l'oi-il«- |ioiiii<'«'. A- used in loiiinii mail Hir\ ici' ami in postal c on \inl ions. s\ non_\ moiis with niHil malti'i': anv niatirr ailmittril to tlii' mails. I over. Ki|iii\ ali'iit or(ii\i|o|ii- or wiaiiprr. ( oiiiili-y »(' l^rMliiinlioii. Saini' as ]iayin'.: roniiliN . Coiiiili') of nrifiitt. Saiiii' as issnini; roiintry. Coupon. A iiMiiioiamliini of jiaiiiiiilars 111' an iiili'nialiunal moiii\ orilir. |iiirfl,\ prinliil ami paitly written in tlir iiiaii;in tliereof in smli a manner that it ma\ lie iletailieil leailih . anil tlleil by itself for t'litiire ret'erenee. Seet ions 1047. Ill4i». lOPo. <'r«'«lit. A speeitied aniiiiinl of nionev-orihr fiimls in the eiistoil> ol the poslniHster at New York. N. v.. ajiainsi wliieh llie postmastei- at some other otliee has lieen anthotizeil liy tin- superintend ent of the moiie.x oilier system to ilraw ilralts. IfSeetion l(l!t.'i.» I'rcw. (Smi.. ,S'«'/.) The men lompo.sini: a jiartN of employes worUinii in a ear. Dra«l. Sneh nail matter as has lieen aiivertiseil and remained iinelaimed oin- month after the date ol adverti.seineiit. or has lieen relii.sed, or for any reason has not reached the party addresseplicatioii, to persons, not liox-holders. or not receivin'_' their mail liv aiilhori/ed Ictlcrcarrier.s. 1>f-po«it. .\ remittance of nionev-ordi-r fluids after its receipt at the ilesiL;ii iteil money order post otiice of the '• first class ' to which it was addressed. Such receipt i ntitles the n-mittiii!: pi^t maslei to a ceititicate of deposit therefor from the reieiviiiL; ]mstniastei . Oopos'l, C'frlificute of. (,Vc Ci-.uiii-u ai i-; nv Dki-osi i.) (Section Kix:; i DepoNii. Omc«-ol'. (Ncc MoM.v-OiMii'.it Oi'i-iiK ni-' IHK Kik.st Class.) DppoMiliiig Ollicc. .V post-ottice from which a remittance of nioney-onln funds is received for fie jiosit. (Section KIS.) Of'poMiliiijS PoslmasiHT. (,»(• KK.MlTTlSii rosf.MAsri-.ii.) D<>po«iloi-y. .\ iiostoflice designated liy the deiiartinenf for tin- repair ol mail iioiiches and sack.*. for the rri eijit and storage of new pouches and .sacks, and for the issue of same on onler.— l'. .\ jiosi -office ilesi;:nated for the depiisil of postal funds liy other iiostmasters, l>f*lriifliv«'. Matler which hy reason of its hiiitfiil nature is lialile to injure the ]iersiins of jiostal i-mploMs 111 daiiMLie other mail matter. l>ir«Tlorv Nfnrt'lior. .\ (lerk to whom is assigned the duty of searcliinj; eitv directories for tbo full ]iriiiiii address on mail matter, the address of which' when rceeivi d is inconiidete or iucor- rect. 1>ire(*l Pouch. A poinli labeled to a post-oliice or route understood or named. I>i!!>rrf*paii4'y. A difference : generally iisci! to siyiiify a ditl'erence in number, date, or aiuount a.<« statid ill a mone\ -Older and in its eoi responding advice. (Section 1(IS4.) Di«pat«-h. .\ term ii.scd to indicate all tin- mail forwarded bv a routi- at aii.\ one time. It nicluae.-« the close, the actual leaving from llie poslolhce, the train, boat. stai;e, or coiiveyaine forwaijled by, the depot or station-hmdinu such train or boat leaves from, and the time tixed ior each ol these nioNelllelllS. 1>i«pnl<-li. .-IdTniifC. A dispatcli made to a train or l«iat in aihaiice of the last and regular di.s- patch lor the same train or boat. The advame dispatches are nninbi reil in reverse oitler. or in iet;iil:ir iiiinierical order from the regular (or standardi dis|iatch. I>i«pnlfh, K«>siilar. Tin last ordiiiarv wa'ion from a post-oltice to a train or boat, and whu-li in eludes all mail deiiositcd in the post-olti.-e to time of closiiiLi for sneh dispatch. Dixpalrh. N<-li«-tlulc. .\ sch.-dule showinj: the dispatches of mails from a piist-otlice. witli »l"j''."ji time. lea\ ill" time of the \aiioiis waeons, route, train, and leaving; lime of the same, by which ilis|iatelie(l.~ , ,- . T>ii»palrli. !i*iippleiiirillai-y. .\ sjiecial dispatcli oceasionally made alter the rei;nlar di.siiatcli. Diwpatcli .>iinibri-. A number indicatin,^ a certain dispatch. niMlribulioii. (Svii I>ix.. I>i.-^f.. 1>. I'. <>.) -Ml ordinarv mail received at :;iiy po.stothce addri-sseil lo other post-'otlices. not delivery malli-r. -J. Matter sent to a iiost-offiee to be forwarrted thero from to other iiost-ollices to which addre.s.sed. . , .. , . Diilvibiilioii Uivi.iioii. That iioition of the service of a iiost-ottice to which is a.ssmneil theUuty of aiiaii'in ■ for and inakin" the separation and dispatili of all mails other than those for IiM-al deliverv." Ui«lribuliiii; PoHl-Omcr.>« are abolished. (.sVc S|.;i-ai;atim. I'usr-On k i->.» DraJ'l. An order fill the iiavimiit of a sum of inonev. In nioney-order business. ;;enerjilly na.;ew York or an order on the iiostniaster at New York for an amount of money older funds drawn in favor of another postmaster by the I'ostina.stpr-t J.iieial. (,Vl r. ) (Setious \W\ Iif.Mi. I>i-op. i'lie opi-nin'.; in a posl-olhee or mail apartment of a ear for the inailin;i of lett.-rs and other niailalile matter liv tin- imblii-. . , ,. ... ^ a^ i _ i. Dfop-lirt((-i-. A letter intended for a i>erson residing within the delivery ot the post-ottne where St Our Freqiu'iicy. Applieil to railioail service iiu-ans that the rostinaster-Cenenil is to detennine what number of nips per week will constitute due freiiiieiicy on any lonte. 428 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Due Speed. Means that the Postmaster-General .shall determine what rate of .sijceil of railio.iil trains will be accepted, as a comijliance with the law in e%'erv case. Duplicate. An exact copy. The use of a duplicate is .sometimi's to supply the place of a document- lost or destroyed, and .sometimes to furnish or prisirvc iutnrmution in rt place from which ac- ces.s ti) the ori>iiual is inconvenient or impossible. (Sections Ui:!l», 10.')4.) Duplicate Advice. (.sv« Second Advice.) Duplicate ilertitlcate of Deposit. The coi)y of a certificate of deposit which the receiving postmaster is recjuired to transmit to the superintendent of the monev-order svstem. (Sectioii 1082.) Duplicate Itloney-Order. A second order furnished to the owner of the original by the Po.st- Oliice Department of the payinji country' in cases where sudi original has been invalidated by reason of loss, destruction, mutilation, or more than one indor.sement. (Sections ]0.39, 1054.1 Euibezzlciiient. Criminal use of money order or ])ostal funds bv a per.s Exchange, Sysleiu of. A mutual agreement between the postal administrations of two countries for the issue of money-oiders in either anil their payment in the other country, together with detailed arrangements for the transaction of the bu.siness and for the settlement of the accounts arising therefrom. (Section 976.) Extra National. Correspondence exchanged in the mails between two countries, which is either received from or addresseil to a third country. K<°acing-.mip. A ])ieceof ordinary wrapijing-iiaper accompanying all packages of first-class matter anil circulars. The sli]) shouhl be in size about4by 2.\ inches, and bear cm its face, either printed ov written, the deseri)itive title of tlie mail forwarded under it. the postmark of the ottice or post- office in which it is made up. and the name or number of theelerk orem))liiye of the railwaymail service making up the mail. In addition to the above, faciugslijjs usiil in postotfices will in- dicate the liour of elosing the mail forwarded under them; those used in the railway mail service will indicate the direction ,in which tla^ office is moving at the time the package is- made uj). Emi)loyes of the railway mail service place facing-slips for direct packages inside such ]iackages. and omit the descri])tive title. Fictitious. Matter addres.sed to a.ssumed names or initials without any ilesignated place of de- livery. Fine. The sum deducted fioni the pay of a mail-c«nitractor for a \ iolation of the terms of his contract. Fixed Reserve. (.Vcc Eeserve.) Foreign ^lail Sack. Fsed without lock and oidy for dispatching mails to fmeign countrie.s. They are made of blue and H-hite striped cotton canvas; are of four sizes. Xo. Vicing the largest and No. 3 the .smallest. No. is .50 inches in length and tW inclics in circumferem e. Xo. 1 is 43 inches in length aiul 62 inches in circumferen<-e. Xo. 2 is 4] inches in length :iud 4f< inches in circumference. X'o. 3 is 32 inches in length and 3H inches in cinumferi'uce. Farm. A piece of fumiture arranged foi the general office separation of mails received from otlier offices. Frank. To exem])t fiom postage. A signature apjiearing on mail-uiatter which exempts it fiom postage. Fraudulent. Registered letters the delivery of which luis been tiubidden by ;i sp.-i ial order of the Postmaster-Cieiiernl. Free-Delivery Divii^ion. That portion of tlie service of a ]iosto1iice relating to tlie five delivery of mail by letter-carriers at residences or jdaces of business. General Delivery. The delivery of mail from the delivery-window of a post-otVice upon application of the jiartv to whom addressed. Hards. (Syu. Queers, Xires, X incbes wide in the widest )(art. Hotel. Matter refuiiieil to the post-ntVice from a hotel. h(ispit;il. i-.illege. ;ind other similar institutions or by a public tunctionai\ or consignee ;icci\stoiiied to nceive mail for third jiarties. Incidental Expense. An ex])eiise of occ;isional and irregular (xeiirrence. not otherwise s))eciried in instructions, which lias been incurred iieccss;irily in the tiiinsaction of post;il or money-order business. (Sections 966. 971.) ■ flentitication t'lieck. A slip of iiajier given by an examining clerk in the paying-ollicc to the owner of a money-order presented for payment. ;is evidence thiit the latter has been identified as the jierson he represents himself to be. Indorsee. The iierson named in the indorsement, by the payee, as the one to whom payment is to be made. The person to whom the jiavee of a money-order transfers his right to receive i>ay- ment thereof. (Section 1028.) Indorsement. Something written across a document, previously comidete, exidaining, extending, or changing its sco))e. or as a refeience. In numey-order business, an in,struction upon the back of the order, tilled ii|i and signeil by the payee thereof authorizing its payment toanorbm- persoji. (Sectioii 1(114.) fu.ossAin. 429 tiilaiKl Moiiry-Oi'ilcr An iiitiniutioiiiil in \ nnl.r ImhihiI a) <.i ilinuii ii|miii uii IiiUikI iin.in>r ..1.1, 1 ..tin.-. IIS .lisliii^msliod IVoiiiii ■ ci-Hitlril oicl.i. ' III ..ii)- whirli lian 1 ii . <-rtitli-il nnil mini li.'ic.l l.y nil cx.Ikiii.:'' "Ili.c with ii •• intitiiil iiitii initinniil iiiiiiiImt. " Inlnntl :»loiiey-«i«l«T <»lii<'r'. A p..st olli.-,- iiiith..! i/iil t<> iMHin- iinil |.av inl<-nniti»nnl iin.mv ..nil IS as ilistiiii;iiisli. <1 lr..iii iiii i-xrlmiiKi-otlirc. «lii
  • i-i-." (Scctioii KMill.i InlniKl l*o«tliiiiiMl<-i-. 'I'lic pLsiiiiMstrr ot'aii inhiiul inoiicN onlii ..Hi.. Irr«"»|»«'«'liv«' Kc««'rv«'. (Sir Kksikvk.) tnK'rnnlioiinl <'<-rlili«-nl«>. A nrci|il. i>aitl\ inintiil ami wriii.n. mi flu- niuiuin nl' ami iMMiinc till' saiiii' 111 nil III r as an iiit.iiiatiinial iiiinicx ..iiIit. .if wlij.li ii r.nniMa |iai I 'riii-. n-n-liit wlilrh is lill.-.l Ml., il.'ta. lu.l. ami yiv.n to the n-niitt< r ..C tlii> nr.li-i l.v tin- inlanil iHMiiIni: iiOMtniii»l.T slii.ws (hr aimiunl omI-OIH<-c. A post-otlin- ilc.Mij;nati-(l in an inti-niatiiinal rnnvi-ntiun lii-tW(-«-ii tin- piislal ailmiiiistraliiiiis of two lomitiii-.s ti. ptrfunii tin- uniit- of i-i-i-tlfviiij: thi< valm-.s ami tin- ..iricctm-ss ofimnit-y-oiili-rs issm-il in i-itln-r i>t° tin- i-intnlrii-.s lor |iayni<-Mt in tin- otiior. Sm-li (inlcis arc mit valiil iir jiavalili- until s.i rt-ititii-d. (Si-i-tiuiis '.»\'>, UMlt.) Inlrrnntioiinl lOxrhanec liJMt. t A list nt'tlii- nnnilii-rs. annnintH. dati-s. and otin-r pni-tii iihirri Intrrnnlional lAnt. ^ of moin-y-i.nli-rs issm-d and rci-titicil as roir.rt, in any <■ itrT for iiayniciit t.i licmtii-iarii-s in a forei).ni <-oiintry. Th(-nr list.-* an- madi- out, ci-rtiflcd as roni-ct. and tian.smitti-d liy .■\i-Jian<:(--otli(-(-s only, 'riu-v arc Hi-nt to, and for tin- infonnntion of. thi'< i-\(-lianj;i--otti(-i- in iln- ]iayiii!r nnmtry in oi-di-r to soc-iin- iiaynu'iit to Ilit- pci-Hon dl•^il;nat<■ll in till' oiiuinal iiilami i.rili-r. (Si-ction KK'id.) lnl<'rni<-rn correspondence to iti* nltiiiiat.- ilcstinati.ni. I nfrrnntioiinl ITIoiiry-Ordrr. A iiionev-order issued in one coiintr\ for pavnieiit in a loreii^a .■..iintry. (Section l(l4ti.) invalid Adrif*-. 'i"li.- advice of an invalid money-order. Inralid .Hoiify-Ordrr. A money-order, the payment of wliii-h, by reason of its a;;c. mutilation, suriilusane of imlorsemcnts, or other (-au.. ) Limit of Dimension!!!. The maximum length, breadth, and deiitli allowed for certain postal packets. Limit of Weight. The iiiaximnm weight allowed for certain postal pai-kcts. Line. Ni arlv a svnonvm of "Koiite." I'suallv a]i]ilied to distinguish route-service perfonned dur- ing the dav' from that perlornied during' the night: as Wash. & Peters. K. I". O. • IHiv-I.ine,' Wash, .y Peters. Ii. P. (t. • Night-Lim-.' Liwl. Weekly Canadian. A list of Canadian international money -orders cerlitied during a given week by a Canadiaii international exchange post-oftii-i-. (Section IOG.1.) I.>«ral. I'.-rtaining or contined to the delivery distri<-t of a post-olliee. Loral .TIail. Useil in railway mail .service to indicate mail for post-othces between the initial and terminal ))]n-d in the middle. Tliey are oidy of cine size — :^(i inelies in lentrth and 3tj inciies in eiic iiniferenee. Mail, dosed, (.svc Closkii Mail.) Mnil, Delivery. Mail for tlie local delivery of a iM.stollice. jTIail, Direct. .\.s ap])lied to foreijiii (^xchanjies. is a mail transpdrted diicctly to its destinarii>u without usin^' the iutejDiediary service of a third countiy. Mail. Direct. ^lail made up direct for an ottice. It may be either '"deliverv"' or ■•distriluition" matter. Mail, DiiiitribiilioM. ^lail addressed to other ofiices than that at whicli it is I'eceived: not delivery mail. Mail. Exprciis. Mail sent hy train on whicli there are no emph)yes of the railway mail service. Mail, E.xtra Dislribiilioii. Sometimes ai)i)lied in the .same sense for ordinary mail, as extra-in- ternational for freight. Mail, foreign. Mail received from foreisu countries or colonies : or, asdistini;nished from 'mail domestic," mail for or from foT-eign countries or c(donies. Mail, liOcal. .\ term used in the railway mail service to indicate mail deliven-d hetweeii tie- rt-r- mini of the i-oad as distinguished from throujiii mail. Mail-Me««Pllgcr W«M-vice. 'fhe service to \\ liic-li is assiyiied tlit- duty of transiiortation of the mails from a ni-neral post -ottice to adjacent dejiots, landings. \<-,. oi- lii-twi-en lirancli post-oflices. (u- trains, or intenhanseahly. under the direction of the jiostmaster at such general post-otlice. Hail IVuiiiber. A numlier jiiven to a mail for convenience in scheduliuf; or i-efereuce. Mail, Ordinary. All mailable matter suliject to domestic rates of postage and intended for the de- liverv of post-oflices in the T7nited States and Dominion of Canada : luit rciii.stered mail. 9Eail Pockets. {.Ser IluusE Mail- Bag.) Mail-Pouch. Adai)teil to any mode of conveyance exceptini; horseback. Has locked mouth and circular bottonr 1'here an- five sizes, the largest beini; S'o. 1. and the smallest Xo. .'>. Xo. 1 is 48 inches iu leuiith and 60 inches in circumfcrciu-t^ Xo. - is 41 inches in leniitli aiul 48 inches in circumference. Xo. 3 is .36 inches in len^ith and 42 inches iu circumference. Xo. 4 is r;0 inches in length and 36 inches in circumference. X'o. 5 is 26 inches in length and 28 inches in circumference. Mail, Registered. Mail for which a receii)t is jiiven to tli(> sender and by each jiostmaster I'V eui- )doye into whosi- hands it passes until it itailies its destinatiiui. Mail, Regular, 'flu- mail seiit out at a regular disjiatch, and inartmeiit ai)pointed at a fixed salaiy. to perform service somewhat similar to that )ierformed by a contractor, the latter not l)ein<;' appointed and his coni])en.sation difirniined by contract. Messenger, Mail-Route. An otticial desinnation for an employe of the railway mail service iu im- mediate cliai;:!' of the way service or short routes : an inferior urade of roiitc-anent. Messenger .^Service. 'I'he duties devolvinji upon a nnul-messensier or contractm- for local messen- ger ser\ ice. Messenger Service, I,i-partm.-iil rdativi- to tin- i- !-.- acti(m 111' iin>Me\didi-r liiisim-ss. (Sc<'liou !l."i(i. Xv.} GLOSSARY. 431 MoMOy-OnU-r I.iiwm. .Vtta«l'C'im)rr«sH icliitiv.- 1.. the iii..ii.\ onl. i nVKtoiii »i iln lr'.iii*>urti<>ti. (.V« Kfvi.s.il Sl;iliii(s. siTtioiiH !t'i«-l»7:i.) Ifloiicy.Ordcr OtlUt-. I'lu! «.tlice ol tin- Mii|Mi'iiiti'ii>-Or liiiPIHN (iiilii s. (Sci tiiiiis ll.'.il, ".KiCi, !Mi7.) I»Ioin-j-Oril«T PoMl.OtHrt' of the "llr«l rlnMM.'> A iinuicv i>ril« r ii.ml offln- i|.„ii.'n«r«il liv Ihi l'si( ami nccmiiil li>i- ninittiiiKi-H of nioiKv-oiiU-r riiiiil* iVimi iillii T |Misl iilliiis. (Siiiii.n !ni:!. ) ITIoney-Ordrr PoHf.Ollit-c oI'iIk' ••Hcroiid cIiihm.** A inoii. y oiilir pimt <>|»in- wliiili i» not uii thoii/.cil to i.Tiixi- (.11 ilciH.sil rtiiiillaiu I-. (.1 inoiii-v-oiilcr !'iih<1h IVoni ntlii-r rHmt-iimrfK iStn'. ti<.iisi>(;:{ 1(101.) ITIoiif>y>Ordrr I»ro«-»'«'«l»t. K.v.iiius jiiisiii;; lr..iii tin- lr:insii.ti..Tis i.f tin- nii.n.v -<>itli-r iiriit4«in (S.-7(l.) JTIoil<'y-4>ril<li-iii'(' iii< iil.-iit tli.'ii-f.. ami till' .s.'lll.im lit ol all i|ii( si ioii.s and ai.-oiinls arisinu tlicictVoiii. ( Si. t ions lt.'i<>. H.'iT.) ITIonrv-Wrdi-r 'I'riiiiMHclioii. An itrnii/.id unit ol' iii -y-.n-diM Inisiniss imludiiii: alt IiiIhh' and liiatilial iiiiid.nt to or rii|iiir.il lor its roiii|il(t ion : as, the is.nm- ot'ii im vordil , til*- piiyniflit ol a inomy oidiT; tin' i.-ci-iiit of a riiiiittam f nion.'y-oi.l.-i- funds. A. . (Si'ttion I09:i.i ITIutilntrd. Matt, r .so daiua;:('d in llii' mails liv .'a.siinltii'S tliiit it cann.it )><• furwaiilt-d to di-tthiR' tion. IVrvvMpnpcr Train. A very faily train, sfaitinv; fr.ini a lar.i;<' ••ity. tin- w liiih st'coM.I riass niatt.-r ir> inadf iij. dii-.'.-t at ixil.liiation otli.-.'s for tlic fiiiploy^s on tlic ti-ain. wliirli niatti-r is not HIh triliiitcii in a |i.isl oltic- lul'or.- start ini;. IXIxe*!. I's.'d in railway mail s.-ivicc to .(.•not.- iiiattcr. i-liictly of the first and Hi-rond rIasH. ndiln-it.'<).- that indiiat.-d in tli.' aildi.ss. OIHcr. U.sfil in railway mail scrvirc to d.-notf a postal car or mail apartni.-nl in n <-ar .ir on lumnl a steamboat, wliicli have all Vieen di'sijiuaf.-.l liy the I'ostniastcr-tJcncral as po<)t- the .■ouiitry of .Icstinati.ni. Paid Order. A iiiiinL'y-or.ler. projierly riTcii>t.»'d. which has lii'cn pai.l t.i the own.-r thcn'of ut the ottii.- named tli.'r.-ou as the ]iayinn<-y- order, by ni.-ans of which the payinfr posttna.ster is assisted in seciirin;: payment to the [MTsi'in t.) whom th.' oilier bel.mss. (Seiti.ins fl7H. it7!l, !t!t4. ) Payee. The person named in the advic .m- ciiii)i.in of a mom-y-order as th.- one entitl.'.l t.i r.-ct>i\-e anil receipt lor tli.' amount of such order. (Se.tioii !t.'')7.) Paying Country. The country in which a iiioiiev -ordei- is due and payald.-. Paying OtHre. The po.st-oflice at which a inoney-oiiler is made payable, or upon which it is dniwn. Paying PoxtinaMter. The postmasterof a payiiii; oliice. Penal Sum. The ;:ros.s amount forfeitable by tlie luincijial and sureties th.-ri'.if. as s.'t forth in thi- terms of a bon.l of indemnity, in case of failure oii the part .if the fomier t«i comply with m execute the atipulatious therein written. (Section louti. I PoHt-Offiee drawn upon. (.Vf P.wixi; Oki-kk.i (Section lo:iU.) PoNtal .Arrangement. Syn. • J'/ixtnl ('(inventlnti." but .sonu-timesappli.d to an informal au:reenipnt.. Ponttal Code. Tin- code of laws rtdatinu to (lostal matters. Postal Card. A card with po.sta^c-atiiiii]) eiuliosscd thereon, issued by the i;overniiient. n.sed for semliuj; shoit written .■onimunications. Postal Conrentiou. .\ formal atiT'eeimnt or arranjicuieut with a fore.inn coiinti-y .ir .-onntries for the recii>r.iial ex.hanuf <>! c(>ne.s[)iindenc.' at tixed rates of postage and other eondiriniiA. nogo- tiated and ((included by the Postmastet -(Jcneral. in virtue of the powers veste.l in him liy law. by and with the advice and consent of the I'resi.leiit. Postal Order, or f o.>ttal ITIouey-Ordcr. {Si-c Monky-Okhkh.i Postal Regulations. Decisions, rulings, and j^eneral orders of the I'ostmaster-t Jeiienil lins.il on the postal laws (code). Postal Service. Diit.v jierfonned in or pertaining to the reception, distriluiti.tn. and dispatch, trans- portation and dtdiv.-iv .if mail-matter, in.ludin;; ever\ tiling that is neee.ssary to seciin- the .safety of the mails and the celerity and certainty of tlieir dispatch. Postal I'nion, Universal. The title liiveii to the single postal t.'rrit.iry formed by the countries and .(iloiiies which Jire now, or may hereafter liecdiiic. jiaitics to the postal conv.-nl ion of Paris. sisueil .lime 1. li^78. Post. To imt in tlie mail. (Syn. Mail.) Postage. Established fee for tlie convevance ami )>ro|ier delivery of mail. Poslage-Fuufls. .Mon.'ys .lerived fr.)ni box-rents, )iosta'.:es. sales .if stamjis. \c.. in .listin.tion fmiii moneys ilenoniinat.'d nioucy-ojder funds. (Section ]()7H.) Postage-Rates. Iietincl amounts for whi.h mail is c.mveyed and ilidiver.-d. Postage-Mlamp. A )irinted fonn for the iire])ayment of posta.i:e issued an. I sold by the Post-tJltii-t I'epartnieiit to be athxe.l to mail matter. Postage, Ciipaid. .Vdilitional postajie due and payable at delivery. Postage Out' Stamp. A printed foini to b.-athxi'd and .ancide.l u|i.in tlu'.lelivery .'f iusiitH.'ientlv pr.'paid matter, showinj;- the anmunt of posta^f .liie and <-.)llect.-.l thereon. Post-Bills are ab.ilished. Poster. (1) Til.' si nder of mail: the one wli.i posts mail. (li) -\ larj;.' jirinted shi.t intende.l t.i Im- displaye.l in a iMihlie jila. .' as an adv.i li- .,.. ,.i Poste Restnutc (Fr). A .lii.ction to the i>ostniaster at the ileliv.'ry .>tti.-e. jilaced on mail b\ tin seii.ler or iiostcr. to indicate that such mail is to be held until call.-d tor. Postmark. Mark .ir stamp of a p.ist-otti. n mail-matter jiostetl thereat, sometimes written. T.> mark with a postmarkin-; standi or in.licat.' the .iltice an.l .late of mailinu in writing. Postmarli, Backing. A u.neral term lor all p.istmarks on the back or reverse side of tn«il. in- cluding tiaiisit. rec.'ivinir. branch, carri.'rs p.istmark. Arc. Postmark, Brnncli. Tti.' (lostmark of a brancli ]iost-.>tti.'e. Postmark, Carri«'r's. The imstniark in.li.'atin^ the carrier tiip on which fli.' mail on whiih it apjiears was sent out. Postmark. Day (of month). The ]iortion of tin- general p.istmark indi.atinir the .lay .>f the month. Postmark, Directory Searcher. A p.istnnuk indi.atin^ that the ni8il on which it npi>«'ar,« hft.'» bieii haiidl.'il an.l treated by a certain directory searcher. Postmark, Hour. That portion of a general pos(n\ark intUoatiug the hour of the day. 432 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Postmark. .Tloutli. That portion of a general postniarlc indicatino' the month of the year. Postmark. Office. That imrtiou of the general postmark indicating tlie office or post-ottice at wliieli such postmark is made. Postmark, Bating. The postmarking stamp used to indicate the amount of postage due on mail before dilivery is made. Postmark, Receiving. Tlie postmarli made on the back of mail received from other offices, to in- dicate the time of such receipt. Postmark, Steamer. The postmark, nsually consisting of the post-office name or abbreviation, date, anil a number, used in the New York post-office to indicate by what steamer foreign mail is reci'ived. Postmark, Transit. A backing postmark u.sed to indicate the time letter mail in transit through an office is received at such office. Postmark, If ear. That portion of tlie general postmark indicating tlie year. Postmaster. The officer of tlie Post-Offiie Department having immediate charge and supervision of a post-office and of all postal matters connected witli its delivery district. Postmaster, Assistant. (Syn. Depiitii.) An otticer of flu- Post-Office Department assisting the postmaster in the supervision of flie business of a iiosf-office, and in his absence acting as post- master. Post-OHice. A local governmental office where mail is received, handled, and delivered, dispatclied or forwarded. Post-Office, Brancii. (Syn. Statielivery. An office at which the free-delivery service is in oi)eration. Post-Office, Oeneral. A central or main post-office in cities where branch post-offices are estab- lishiHl. Post-Office, Head. A post-office located at a terminus or intersection of a star route, through which mail is forwaided to other jiost-offices on the same or connecting routes. The first post- oflixce.ss in the c(nnmercial value of gidd coin or exchange over their legal or conventional value. (Sections 1004, 1077.) Prepaid. Mail on which all ]>()stage-ortion of the po.stage-diies thereon has been paid at the office of ])osf ing. Prepayment. The payiuent of all iwstage-dues at the ]»o.st-office where mail is posted. Prepayment, 4j4»nipulsory. Full prepayment of postage fees, absidutely necessary, and without whi signed by the addressee ot a registered article on its ■./ im.l irhil,- «tii|MMl (-..ft. .11 .iinviis. Tli.-r.- iin- tlir.-i- Hi;!rit.tlM- InrKi.t I» liiK No 1. aii.l f li.- smaU. si N,.. :t. Xo. ] !« :t6 inchi-H in l.iiirth. iiikI 4H iniliiN in rirminf.T.-nrf No •2 IS 24 iiiili.s III Irnntli, iinil SO im-lu!>* in cin iniifir.nii- . Xo. .1 in IH inrlii-N |ji li-ni:th ami 24 inclics m ciri-iiiiili'ii-nic. ' RrgiciU'r of AdviteH IC<>r<>irri-(tliiiis llTil. 1017, lOlMl.) RcKinK-r of ITIoney-OrdrrN IitMiird. A Ixidk kept l>v nn isHiiinK i...»tninMt.r in wlilrh ht- in r.iiuinil to make daily cnliiis of tin- imrtiiiilais of the ndviicM. iim JMMii.d, of all nion<'v-<>rdayiin: of the amount of a money-order at the oftiee where it was issued. An order may be repaid to the remitter, the payee, or the indorsee. Fees are not reiiaid. (Seetiona 1035, 1039.) Reserre. A limited amonnt of tnoney-order funds allowed by the superintendent of the noney-onler system to be retained at certain dcsif^natcd money-order otHces to insure the prompt pa>-inent of money-orders. Reserves are of two kinds, ■'Fixed'" and "In-espeetive. A "fixed re- serve' is one which may be exceeded when the amount of unpaid advices on hand is tjreater than the amount of the reserve. (Sections 1080 and lOSl.) An "irrespective nsen-e" is one which is iiTespective of the amount of unpaid advices, and may not be exceeded under any cir- cumstances. Return. The acctimulation of dead or unmailable matter transmitted at regular inter\-iils to the Dead-Letter Otlice. Return Card. A business card (except that of a hotel, college, or other public institution wliieh furnishes envelopes for indiscriminate use of patrons), a post-ottice box, street and number, or other designation, printed (ui an envelope, by which the latter may be restored to the writer unojiened. Return Request. A request printed or written on the envelope of a letter that it be returned to the writer if not delivered. Renevv'al of Credit. Where a credit has been exhausted it may be renewed by application to the Superiuteudeut of the money-order system. (See Cueoit.) (Sectitm 1095.> " Route. A post-road between au.v two jiost-oftices (intermediate post-otticcs may or may not bi- in- cluded) on which transportation of the mails has been ordered and contracted for. Route-Agents. {See Agent.) Route, Carrier's. The district within the delivervof a free-delivery office in which delivery of maila i.s made at residences or places of business by any one letter-camer. Route, Railroad. A railroad on which transportation of the mails and sei^ice has been ordered by the department. Route, i^tar. A jiublic highway or other road on which transportation of the mails has been ortlered and cimtracted for by the Post-Ottice Dejiartment. Route, Steamboat. A water-route on which transportation of the mails and service by steamboat has been ordered bv the I'ost-Ottice Department. R. P. O. (Abb. for Railwan FostOMce.) Run. Xearly a synonym of "Triii," but applied generaUy to the starting out of an employ^ on duty, a.s. "Mr. Jones takes the "run' west to-uight.'' Saek. (See Mail-Bag.) Satchel. A unifonn leather bag used by letter-carriers, and in which the.v place mail for delivery or di'posit at the post-oftice. Scale IVumber. The number assigned to any issue of authorized scales, letter-balances. (Stc. used in weighing or rating mail. It should be used in connection with the date of order authoiizing such ihanged issue. Schedule Point. A po.st-office on a mail-route where a .specified time for the airival and departure of the mail has been fixed by the Second Assistant Postmaster-Genenil. Each terminus of a mail-route is always a "schedule point.'" Scheme. An nftieial and formal jdan or di-sign of di.stribution or assorting. Scheme of Distribution. A scheme for the distribution division of post-offices or for employ68 of the railway mail service. Scheme of Distribntion, General. A distribution scheme issued by the railway mail service ffir general adajitation to any standpoint, and in which all routes and inethmls of supply are indicated. Scheme of Distribution, Oeneral .4i:i;{li> Supply. A distribution .scheme issued by the railway mail service for general adaptation, in which only the best single supply for an office is given. Scheme of Distribution, ^Tlassing. A sni)]denientary .scheme directing the disposition to be made of The ilivisiinis of the u ni king iiliice scheme. Scheme of Distribution, Post-Ollice. A distribution scheme jinblished by a post-otfii'e for its ilisnilmtiiin ilivisioii and ariaiigcil to secure a uniform casing or assiu'tingof mad at all times. Scheme of Distribution, MInndpoinl. .V distribution scheme issued by the railway miiil service for the iliicctinn and from the staniljmint of a route or other standpoint. Second Advice. A letter of advice, ujion a distinct form, sent by the issuing postmastiT in lieu of an original advice which has been mutilated or which is otherwise ille-xible. or which has failed to reach the paying otiiie. or which is alleged to be defective or manifestly incorrect in any of its particulars. A second advice is not neces.sarily an exact copy of the original. It may be a conectiou thereof. (Section 995.) 28 P L 434 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Separating. A term used in the district divisions of post-oifices and in the railway mail service to indicate the act of dividing mail for the convenience of a post-office or route making the fina. distribution of the same. Separatiog Post-Offices. Post-offices where mail is received for distribution and dispatched to other post-offices. Before the introduction of the railway mail service all mail was either sent direct or to a distributing post-office, but now the largci' part of tlic distiibutiou is done en route by the employ68 of the railway mail service, and mily mail for post-offices on star-routes is sent to separating post-offices. Distributiug po.st-officis are abolished. Service. A biancli, division, or subdivision of the business of the Post-Office Department. The spe- cial duties of any such branch or division. The general duties of the department. Set. {See Crew.) Special Agent. A confidential agent of the department, the personal rr])resentative of the Post- master-General, acting undir siiicial or scaled in.structions in the adjustment of business which it is impossible or impracticable to adjust by means of correspoiuU-nce. Special agents assigned to the money-order system receive their instructions from and report to the su)>eriutendent of the money-order system; those to the free-delivery system from the superintendent of free de- livery, &c. Special Draft. A draft on the postmaster at New York for a designated sum, furnished by the superintendent of the money-order system to meet a special emergency, to a postmaster who does not require a standing credit. (See Creutt and Draft.) (Section 1097.) Special IVotice of Overdraft. A notice (Fonu tiiiHT) sent by an issuing to a paying postmaster at a second-class office to inform him tluit the amount of money-orders drawn upon his office in a given day eqnals or exceeds $200. (Section 1001.) Special Notice of Repayment. A notice sent by the issuing to the paying postmaster to in- form him that a money-order, the advice of which has gone forward, has been repaid. (Sections 1004, 1040.) Stamp. To impiess with some mark or postmark. An instrument with which such marking is made. To affix postage-stamps to mail. Star Service. Contracts for carrying the mail, other than by railway or steamboat, " without other lefereuce to the mode of transportation than may be necessary to provide for the due celerity, certainty, and security thereof." So called from the fact that the printed contract forms are headed with stars in the following manner : * * * * * *. The three groups of stars represent the words "celerity, certainty, security." Sterling. The designation given to the lawful money of Great Britain. Money computed in pounds, shillings, and ]ieuce. (Sections 1049, 1050.) Stra'w Kids. Bid.* for carrying the mail made with the intention of failing to perform service after the awarding of the C(mtract, so that a new contract will liave to be made with a higher bidder with whom a combination has been made by the lowest bidder. Safficieut and Suitable Rooms, Fixtiircisi, and Furniture. Applied to railroad service means That the Postiiiastei-( ieiieial is to determine what sj)ace is required formailsand agents, what tixturos art^ rei|iiiied to facilitate distiibutiou, and what furniture is necessary to render the department convenient and comfortable. Superintendent of t lie Money-Order Syistem. The officer at the seat of government charged by the Postmaster-General with the general supervision and management of the business of the money-order system. Sureties. Persons who sign or indorse the bond of a postmaster as guarantors for the faithful per- formance, by the latter, of the duties of his office, and who biiid themselves {see Penal Sum) to make good the whole or a designated portion of any lo.ss that may accrue to the postal or mouev-order funds by reason of the negligence or malfeasance of the postmaster, or of any of the eini.loyes of liis office. (Sections 960. 964.) Surname. The family name or designatiim, usually inherited from the father, as distinguished from the given or Christian name. (Seetion 1063.) ' Terminus. One of Tlie emls of a post -route. {See Txitiat, Office, Terminal Offipe.) Through Registered ITIsiil Pout-hes. Fsed exclusively for domestic exihauges of through registrieil mails lietwceii siieli post oliiees as are autlioHzed to make such exehan^es; nulde of red-stii]H(l idttou eaii\as of tliree si/.es. tlie huLLCst lieing No. 1 and the smallest No. 3. No. 1 is 4.S inches in h-uu'tb and Oil inelies in circuiiifereuce : No. 2 is 41 inches in length and 48 inches in circumferen<'e ; No. 3 is 36 inciies in leugtli and 42 inches in circumference. Tracer. (Syu. Searclw)-. Imjuirii.) A ]>rinted form foi' ascertaining the disposition made en route at each succeeding stage or transfer of missing ordinary or registered mail. Transfer. The loan of funds from one account to another by authority of the Postmaster-General. (Section 1072.) Tic-Sack. (,S'('e Jute-canvas Mail-sack.) Treaty. {See Postal Convention.) Trip. The performance of service one way over a route. Trip, Round. The ])erfoiniauce of service both ways over a route. Uniuailablc. Matter whicli by law, regulation, or treaty stipulation is excluded from the mails, or wlLich by reason of illegible, incorrect, or insufficient address cannot be forwarded to destina- tion. Toucher. The evidence of the payment of money upon which credit is taken in an account. Paid and repaid money-oidei-s, receipts for stationery and incidental expenses, receipts for the salai'- ies of clerks, and certificates of deposit are anumg the vouchers to a money-order account. (Sections 971, 1086, 1094.) Way. (See Likal.) The term " way " sliould be apjdied only to po.st-offices on star routes and mail sent to them. The term ■'loi nl" should be anplieil only'to po.st-offices on railroad or steamboat routes, and to mail intended for them. ■H'ayjTIail. IMail for a way post-office. ■W^ay Po.st-Ofliee. On a star route, a post-office between the termini of the route. Weekly I^i.st. (-sv-f List, Canadian'.) ■Weekly Statement. A dctaili'd ri'Cord of the money-order transactions of a nost-ofiice reiiuired to be sent to tlie su]ierintendi'nt of the money-order system on Saturday at the close of each week's business. Tlu' first weekly statement in each fiscal (|uarter includes tlie business of all the days of the (|uarter prior to till' second Sunday, anil the last weekly statement in eacli fiscal (juarter includes the business of all the days subsequent to the .Sunday next before the last in the quarter. APPENDIX. AN ABSTRACT OF THE FORMER POSTAL LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES, SHOWING THE VARIOUS CHANGES IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF MAIL MATTER, DOMESTIC RATES OF POSTAGE, AND IN THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE, FROM 1789 TO MARCH 3, 1879. 435 AN AHSTKACT OF THi; I'OK.MKi; POSTAL LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES, SHOWING THE VAKIOls CILVNCiKS IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF MAIL MATTER. DOMESTIC HAIES OF FOSTACIE, AND IN THE FRANKING PRIVI- LEGE, FROM 1789 TO MARCH 3, I.-^71). Act September '2-2, 17r*l».— For the tviiiiimary (.■st:il>li>liinciit of tli.' itost-office, to con- tinue in force until the end of llic next session of Conj;r<-ss, and ni> lon;^cr. Jet August 4, 17t)(1. — Continues in force tiie act of 8ei>teiul>er 2J, 17-'J, until the end of the next Congress, ami no longer. Act March ^^, 1791.— Continn«»s in force the act of September 2i, 17^9, until the end of the next Congress, and no longer. This act (March 3, 1791) provides that all letters to and from the Treasurer, Comp- troller, and Auditor of the Treasury, and th(^ Assistant to the Secretary of tlie Tre.i.sury, on public service, shall be received and conveyed by the i)ost free of postage. Act Filn-uanj 'JO, 1792. — Continues in force the act of Marcli :{, 1791, until the 1st of June, 1792, and no longer, and provides that this act (Februarj" 20, 1792; shall con- tinue in force for the term of two years from June 1. 1792, and no longer. This act (February 2(1, 1792) was the first act fixing rates of postage on domestic letters, and established the following rat<'s, to take effect .June 1. 1792: Act Februurii 20, 1792, Hection 9. — By land. — For every single letter not exceeding 30 miles, 6 cents. For every single letter over 30 miles, and not exceeding 60 miles, 8 cents. For every single letter over 60 miles, and not exceeding 100 miles, 10 cents. For every single letter over 100 miles, and not exceeding 150 miles. 12A cents. For every single letter over 1.50 miles, and not exceeding 20i) miles, 15 cents. For every single letter over 200 miles, and not exceeding 250 miles, 17 cetits. For every single letter over 2.50 miles, and not exceeding 3.50 miles, 20 cents. For every single letter over 350 miles, and not exceeding 450 miles, 22 cents. F^or every single letter over 450 miles, 25 cents. For every double letter, double the said rates. For every triple letter, triple the said rates. For every packet weigliing 1 ounce avoirdujiois, to pay at the rate of four single letters for each ounce, and in that proportion for any grt;ater weight. Act Feb r liar !i 2i), 1792, -section 10. — Letters ami packets i>assing by sea to and from the LTnited States, or from cme p(nt to another therein, in ])acket-boats or vessels, the property of or provided by the United States, shall be rated and charged as follows: For every single letter, 8 cents. For eveiy double letter, 16 cents. For every triple letter or packet, 24 cents. For every letter or packet brought into the United States, or carried from one port thereinto another by sea. in any i)rivate ship or vessel, 4 cents, if delivered at the place where the same shall arrive ; and if directed to be delivered at any other place, with the addition of the like postage as on domestic letters. Act Fcbrnarn 20, 1792, .section 13.— The i)ostmasters to whom snch lettei-s may be delivered shall ]iay to the master, commander, or other person delivering the same. except the commanders of foreign packets, 2 cents for every such letter or packet. Act Fchritarii 20, 1792, section 19. — Letters and packets to be received and conveyed by post, free of i»ostage,5under certain restrictions: President of the United States I ^^„ ,,,^^,.^.^ „j. ,,.,ekots to or Iron.. V lee-President ot the I nited btates, ^ ' Senators, ) All letters or packets to or from, not ex- Representatives, ( cceding 2 ounces in weight, duriujj their act- Secretarv of the Senate, ual attendance in any session ol Congress, Clerk of'the House of Representatives, J and 20 days after such session. Secretary of the Treasury, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, Comptroller, Register, Auditor, Treasurer, ^Secretary of State, All letters to or from. 437 438 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Secretary of War, ^ Commissioners for settling accounts between the United States ] and individual States, } All letters to or from. Postm aster- General, Assistant Postmaster-General, Provided, No person shall frank or inclose any letter or packet not Ms own ; but pub- lic letters or packets, from the Treasury Department, may be franked by the Secre- tary, Assistant Secretary, Comptroller, Register, Auditor, or Treasurer. Each person shall deliver to post-office every letter or packet inclosed to him for other persons, that postage may be charged. Act February 20, 1792, section 21. — Printers of newspapers, authorized to send one paper to every other printer of newspaper, in the United States, free of postage, imder regulations of the Postmaster-General. All newspjipers conveyed by mail for any distance not more than 100 miles, 1 cent; and over 100 miles, 1^ cents ; if any other matter or thing be inclosed, it is subject to letter rates of postage. Act February 20, 1792, section 26. — Postmaster-General to make provision for receipt of letters and packets, to be conveyed beyond the sea, or from one port to another in the United States ; and for every letter so received, a postage of 1 cent shall be jtaid. Act May 8, 1794. — To take effect June 1, 1794, without limit as to time. Establishes a General Post-Office. Section 9, 10, and 13 of this act re-enacts sections 9, 10, and 13 of act of February 20, 1792. Section 19 of tMs act re-enacts section 19 of act of February 20, 1792, except that it omits the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury and commissioners for settling accounts between the United States and individual States, and adds the Commissioner of the Reveniie and postmasters ; the letters and packets of postmasters not to exceed one-half ounce in weight. Section 26 of this act re-enacts section 26 of act of Fel unary 20, 1792. Act December 3, 1794. — Confers franking privilege on James White, Delegate to Con- gress from the Territory of the United States south of thei"iver Ohio. Act February 25, 1795. — Confers franking privilege on purveyor of public supplies, as to letters to or from. Act March 3, 1797. — That all letters or packets to George Washington, now Presi- dent of the United States, after the expiration of his term of office, and during his life, shall be received and conveyed by post, free of postage. Act June 22, 1798. — Extends the privilege of franking letters and packets to the Sec- retary of the Navv, uuder like restrictions and hmitations as are provided in act May 8, 1794, section 19. Act March 2, 1799, section 7. — Establishes a General Post-Office at the seat of Govern- ment of the United States. For every letter composed of single sheet of paper conveyed not exceeding 40 miles, 8 cents ; over 40 miles and not exceeding 90 miles, 10 cents ; over 90 miles and not ex- ceeding 150 miles, 12| cents ; over 150 miles and not exceeding 300 miles, 17 cents ; over 300 miles and not exceeding 500 miles, 20 cents ; over 500 miles, 25 cents. Double letter or 2 pieces of paper, double rates. Triple letter or 3 jiieces of paper, triple rates ; and for every packet composed of four or more pieces of paper, or other thing, and weighing 1 (mnce avoirdupois, quadruple rate, and in same proportion for greater weights : Provided, No packet of letters con- veyed by the water-mails shall be charged inore than (jTiadrnple postage, unless con- taining more than four distinct letters ; no package to be received weighing more than three pounds. Act March. 2, 1799, section 8. — Every packet or letter brought in the United States, or carried from one jtort to another in private ship or vessel, 6 cents, if delivered in office where received; if to be conveyed by post, 2 cents added to ordinary postage. Act March 2, 1799, section 11. — Authorizes postmasters, to whom letters may Tie deliv- ered by masters or commanders of any shij) or vessel arriving at any port within the United States, where a post-office is established, except foreign packets, to pay two cents for each letter or jtacket. Act March 2, 1799, section 13. — Postmasters aiithorized to pay mail-carriers one cent for each way-letter delivered to them, also mail-carriers authorized to demand and receive 2 cents in addition to the ordinary postage, for every letter delivered by them to persons living between post-offices on their route. Act March 2, 1799, section 17. — Letters and iiackets to be conveyed free to and from the following : Postmasters. — Not exceeding J ounce in weight. Senators, "j Representatives, ( Not exceeding 2 ounces in weiglit. during actual attend- Secretary of the Senate, ranceinanysessionof Congress, and 20 days after such session. Clerk of the House, J APPENDIX l(>K'Mi:i.' I'osiAL LAWS. 439 ) All Ifttois iiiid pai-kt'ts. Pn'si«l«^iit of till- Uiiifml 8fat«s, ) Vicc-Picsidfiit lit' tin- I'liittMl StutoH, Si'c Tftiiry of tlif Tifasmy. Coiiiiitrollfi" of I lie 'rrrasiiry, Auditor of the Trcasiiiy. KcfjisttT of tin- 'rrt'asiiiy. Tivasmcr of tin- I'liittMl States, Ct>iiiiiiis.sioiM'r of till' Kevi'iiiic, SiijKTvisors of tho Kinfuue, Iiisi>citois t>f the Reveime, t'oiiiuiissioiK'is, Pnrvi-yur, SecTctaiy of War, Accountant of War Office, Secretary of State, Secretary of Navy, Acoouiitanf of Navy, Postmaster-General, Assistant Postmaster-General, All may receive their newspaiiers free of jiosta*:;!' : I'mridtd, Senators. Kcpresenta- tives. Secretary of Senate, and Clerk of the House siiall n-ceive newspapers free dur- ing session of Congress, and 20 days after. Letters or jiackets from any pnlilic otHicer to In- franked l»y person sending. All letters and packets to and from George Washington, late President, to be re- ceived and conveyed free. Act March "i, \''M, neciion 19. — Re-enacts section 21 of act Feltruarv '20. 17i»2. Jet Mttrcli "i, 1799. xiction W. — Fixes postage on newspapers at 1 cent each for not more than one hundred miles, and 1^ cents for any greater distance, Single news- papers from one ])lace to another in the same State shall not exceed 1 cent. Concealing a letter, or other thing, or any memorandum in writing in a newspaper, subjects each article in packet to a single letter postage. Magazines and pamphlets, 1 cent a sheet, for not exceeding fifty miles; 1^ cent« for over fifty miles, and not exceeding one hundred miles ; and 2 cents for any greater distance. Act March 2. 1799, fcection 25. — Postmaster-General authorized to provide for receipt of letters or packets, to be conveyed by^ sea to any foreign i)ort or home port. Every letter or packet so received, suVtject to a postage of 1 cent. Act Januari) 2, IHOO, ncction 1. — Confers franking i)rivilege on William Henry Harrison, Delegate to Congress from Territory northwest of the Ohio River, to send and receive letters free of ]iostage. Act April 3. 1800. — Confers franking privilege to Martha Washington, to send and receive letters and packages free of postage during her life. Act December 1.5. 1800, fiection 1. — Confers franking i)rivilege on Delegate from Terri- tory northwest of the Ohio River, to send and receive letters free of postage. Act February 25, 1801. — Confers franking iirivilege on John Adams. President of the United States, after the expiration of his term of othce, and during his life, on ail let- ters and packets to him. Act February 18, 1802. — Confers privilege of franking and receiving letters free of postage to any person admitted, or to be admitted, to take a seat in Congress as a Delegate. Act May 3, 1802, section o. — Franking privilege extemled to tho Attorney-General, to send and receive all letters, packets, and newspapers, free of postage. Act March 26, 1804. section 3.— Letters, returns, and other papers on pnblic service, sent by mail to or from Offices of Inspector and Paymaster of tho Army, to be received and conveved free of postage. Act JHne'^29, 1809. — Letters and packets from Thomas .Tetferson, late I'resident of the United States, to be received and conveyed l>y post, free of postage, during his life. Act April 30, 1810, section 1.— Establishes a General Post-Otfice at the seat of Gov- ernment. Act April 30, 1810, section 11.— Rates of postage on letters and packets: Single sheet of paper less than 40 miles 8 cents. 40 to 90 miles 10 cents. 90 to 150 miles 12^ cents. 150 to 300 miles 1" cents. 300 to 500 miles 20 cents. over 500 miles 25 cents. Double letters or two pieces of paper, double rates: triple letters or three pieces of paper, triple rates ; every packet composed of foiu- or more pieces of paper or other 440 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. tiling, auci weigliiug one ounce avoirdupois, quadrnple rate ; and in same proportion for greater weight : Provided, No packet of letters, conveyed by the water-mails shall be charged more than ([uadruple postage, nnless containing more than four distinct letters. Weight of packet limited to three pounds. Jet A})ril 30, 1810, section 12. — Letters or packets brought into the United States, or carried from one port therein to another, shall be charged 6 cents, if delivered at the post-office where the same shall arrive ; and if to be conveyed by post to any other place, with two cents added to the ordinary rates of postage. Act April 30, 1810, section 1.5. — Postmasters authorized, on the receipt of letters fi'om any ship or vessel arriving at any port within the L^nitcd States, where a i)ost-office is estaljlished, to pay to the master, commander, or other person delivering the same, except the commanders of foreign packets, two cents for everj- letter or packet. Act April 30, 1810, section 17. — Postmasters authorized to pay mail-carrier one cent for every letter brought into their office ; also mail-carrier authorized to demand and receive two cents, in addition to the ordinary postage, for every letter delivered by them to persons living between post-offices on his route. Act April 30, 1810, section 24. — Letters and packets to and from the following officers of the United States to be received and conveyed through the mails free of postage : Postmasters, not exceeding I oz. in weight : Senators, ^ Members, 1 Limited to two otmces in weight, and during their actual Delegates, / attendance in any session of Congress and twenty days there- Secretary of the Senate, after ; excess of weight to be paid for. Clerk of the House, J President of the United States, Vice-President of the United States, Secretary of State, Secretary of Treasury, •Secretary of War, Secretary of the Navy, Attorney-General, Comptroller, Treasurer, Re^ist"er ' ^^^ letters and packets. Supervisor of direct tax of district of S. C, Superintendent of Indian trade. Purveyor, Inspector and Paymaster of the Army, Accountants of War and Navj^ Departments, Postmaster-General, Assistant Postmastere-Geueral, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, All may receive their newspapers free of postage. Senators, Representatives, Scrretary of the Senate, and Clerk of the House of Rep- resentatives shall receive their newspapers free of postage only diu'ing any session of Congress and twentj' days thereafter. Act April 30, 1810, section 2.5. — Secretaries of the Treasury, State, War, Navy, and Postmaster-General authorized to frank letters or packets on official business, pre- pared in any other public office, in the absence of the principal thereof. Act April ZO, 1810, section 2G. — Printers of newspapers authorized to exchange one copy free, of newspai>ers, under regulations of the Postmaster-General. Act April 30, 1810, section 27. — Newspapers by mail, one cent each for not more than one hundred miles; one and one-half cents for any greater distance. Single news- papers, from one place to another in the same State, not to exceed one cent. Act April 30, 1810, section 32. — Postmaster-General authorized to ])rovide for the receipt and transmission of letters and packets beyond sea, or from any port in the United States to any port therein ; every letter or packet so received subject to a postage of one cent. Act April 30, 1810, section 34. — Drop or local letters, one cent each. Act April 30, 1810, section 39. — Adjutant-General of the militia of each State and Territory has the right to receive by mail, free of postage, from any major or briga- dier general thereof, and to transmit to said generals, any letter or i)a('kot, relating solely to the militia of such State or Territory, under certain restrictions. Act Ajml 18, 1814, section 4. — Secretary of State authorized to transmit by mail, free of i>ostage, one copy of documents ordered to be printed by either House of Congress; namely, of communications, with accompanying documents, made by the President to APPENDIX FORMER POSTAL LAWS. 441 Coiifjrt'ss orcitluT Iloiisc tlurcof; of rei»i>it.s iiuuh- 1»\ the Siinlary of Slalo, Tn-iiMiiry, War, Navy, Postiiiastci-CifinTal, or coiiiiiii.ssiuni r.s nt tin- .siiikiiiii-fiiiiil. to ('oiijxri'M.«», or eitlicr llou.sc tlicnof, in pursuaiur of any law or rcMoliition ort-ollicc within the CnitiMl .States tlu'V may rcsiifctivcly desijinatc. Act Dcccinlxr 2'.i, 1-11, -srction 2. — I'roni and after I'elirnary 1, 1:^1.'>, tln-re hliall Im* add«Ml to tile rates of postage estaMislied l»y law 'tit per eentnin on tlie anionnt of hiicIi rates res))e(tively. Act Fihnitiiji I, 1H1(). — Rei)caLs so nineh of aet of Di-eeniliei 'S'>, \^14, as inipose.H 50 per eentnin additional postage. Acl Jpril It, 181(i, nn'tioii 1.— Rates of i)ostag»' after Mav 1, I-IC: (•.•II tn. Every letter e(nnposed of a single sheet of jiaper, les.> tiian '.'^> miles I> Over '.iO miles and not exceeding CO miles ID Over 60 miles uiid not exceeding ir)0 miles 12^ Over loO miles and not exceeding 400 miles 1^4 Over 400 miles 2.') Every donhle letter or two pieces of jiajier. doiihle rates. Every triple letter or three pieces of pajn-r, tri]d<' rates. Every jiaeket containing four or more pieces of paper or one or more other articles, and weighing one onnce a\oir(lu]iois, ([uadniide these rati's, and in that i)ro]>ortioii foi- all greater rates. No packet of letters conveyed by water-mails to he charged with more than (|uadrni>le postage, nnless the same shall i-ontaiii nnire than four di>tinct letters. Any memoraiidnm written on a newspaper or other jninted i»a\ier, ami transmitted l>y mail, to he charged with letter-postage. Jet April 9, ISlfi, xvctio)! 'i. — Letters and jiackets to and from Seuators, Memhers, and Delegates of the House, Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of the Ihmse, to lie con- veyed free of ])ostage for thirty days jncvions to each .session of Congress and for thirty days after the termination thereof; limited to two ounces in weight ; excess to be paid for. Act March 1, 1817. — Letters and packets to and from .lames Madison, President of the Ignited States, after the expiration of his term of oftice and during his life, to lie cari'ied l>y mail free of jiostage. Act March V.\, 1"^-J(l. — Letters and packets to and from the President of the Senate 2)ro tempore, and Sjieaker of the Honse for the time being, to be received and conveyed by mail, free of ])ostage, during the session of Congress, nnder certain restrictions. Act March 3, 1825. — Au act to reduce into one the'several acts establishing and regu- lating the Po.st-Otlice Department. .Section 1 establishes at the seat of government a general post-ofiice, under the direction of the Postmaster-General. Act March o, 1^2."), .section 5. — Authorizes the Postmaster-General to have mail carried by any steamboat or other vessel which shall be used as a packet in any waters of the United States, on .such terms and conditions as shall be con-si^ectioii ti.— :Master or manager of any steamboat pa.ssiug froin one port or place to another port or ]daee in the I'nited States, where a post-othce is es- tablished, to deliver all letters or packets addressed to such port or place, to the i>ost- master there, for which he shall receive of such postmaster two cents for every letter or packet .so delivered, unless the same shall be conveyed under contract with the Postmaster-General. Act March 3, 1825, section 13.— Rates of po.stage <>ii letters and packets couv<-yed in the mail of the United States : For every letter of a single sheet of paper, conveyed not exceeding 30 miles . »1 cents. Over 30 miles and not exceeding 80 miles 1" cents. Over K> miles and not exceeding 150 miles 1-i ceiit.s. Over 1.50 miles and not exceeding 400 miles 1""^ cents. Over 400 miles -•' *"^""ts- Every double letter or two pieces of paper, double th.'si- rates : every triide letter or three lueces of paper, triple these rates: every i)acket cdt'our or more i.ieces ot i>aper, or one or more other articles, and weighing one ounce av<.irdupois, <|ua«lriiple these rates ; and in that proportion for all greater w eights : I'rovided, That no packet of letters, conveyed bv the water-mails, shall be charged more than 4uaeiegates, o + f actual attendance in anv session of Congress and sixty secretary 01 tne ^enate, ^ heioxe and after ; excess of weight to be paid for. Clerk of the House, J • ' « 1 President of the United States, "i Vice-President of the United States, Secretary of State, Secretary of War, Secretary of Treasury, Secretary of Navy, At torney-General, Postmaster-General, \ All letters and packets. Assistant Postmasters-General, Comptrollers of Treasury, Auditors of Treasury, Register, Treasurer, Commissioner General Land-Office, Ex- Presidents and Presidents of United States, J All of the above to receive newspapers free of postage : Provided, That postmasters shall not receive, free of postage, more than one daily newspaper each, or what is equivalent thereto ; nor shall members of the Senate or House, Clerk of the House, or Secretary of the Senate receive newspapers free of postage after their franking privilege shall cease. Act March 3, 1825, section 28. — Secretaries of Treasury, State, War, Navy, and the Postmaster-General may frank letters or packets on official business, prepared in any other public office, in the absence of the principal thereof. Act March 3, 1825, section 29. — Printers of newspapers authorized to exchange one paper, free of postage, under regulations by Postmaster-General. Act March 3, 1825, section 30. — Newspapers, conveyed by mail, one cent for any dis- tance not more than 100 miles; 1^ cents for any greater distance. Single newsjjapers from one place to another, in the same State, one cent. Inclosing or concealing a letter or other thing, or any memorandum in writing in a newspaper, pamphlet, or magazine, subjects it to single letter postage for each article of wliicli the package is composed. When mode of conveyance and size of mail will admit, magazines and pamphlets published periodically may be transported in the mail to subscribers, at 1^ cents a sheet for any distance not exceeding 100 miles, and 2| cents for any greater distance. And such magazines and pamphlets as are not published periodically, if sent in the mail, shall be charged four cents on each sheet for any distance not exceeding 100 miles, and six cents for any greater distance. (Section 13 of this act dehnes a sheet to be four folio yyages, 8 qviarto pages, Iti octavo pages, or 24 duodecimo ]iages, or pages less than that of a pamphlet size or magazine, whatever be the size of tlie ]tai>er of which it is fiumed. The surjiliis pages of any pamphlet or magazine shall also he considered a sheet. ) Act March 3, 1825, section 34. — Postmaster-GeneraT authorized to make provisions for the receii)t of letters and packets, to be conveyed by any vessel beyond sea, or from one port tf> another in the United States, and the postmaster receiving tlu' same at the port to which such vessel shall be bound shall be entitled to a postage of one cent on each letter or packet received. Act March 3, 1825, section 36. — Droj) or local letters delivered at the post-office, one cent each. APPENDIX FOh'Mi;i.' l-oSTAL LAWS. 44S Act Murrli 3, 182.'), .■iertiiiu 4(i. — The a(lintiiiil-KOiiiial of tin- iiiilitiii of cucli Stfit*- and Tt'iritoiv aiithoiizi'd to rccfivf liy iiiiiil, fitt- of postajif, Ironi any niajor-nornTal or l)rif>a(lit'r-v;<'in ral then-of, ami to tiansiiiit to said <;cinTalH any h-f t. — KNjK'als all aits and jiarts of arts wliirli have l»efli passed for the esta'dislimeiit and icn<' cent to lie allowed eaeli postnnister for every let- ter recei\('il from any ship or vessel and mailed i>\ him. .((7 March '2, 1""27, ncdioii 4. — Anthorit.\ to frank and receive letters and |iaeket.M free of postajje extended to the eomnussioners of the navy hoard, .Ad.intant-(ietieral, C'»»iii- nnssary -General. Insi»eetor-(;enerai. C/nartermaster-tJeneral, raymaster-tJeneral, .Sec- retary of the Senate. Clerk (dthe Ilonse. Snjierintendent of the I'atent Otliei-. No other ]>ei'son or otlieer, except those ennnieratcd herein and in tin- act of March 3, IS'ia, sliall he anthorized to frank or ri'ceive letters liy mail free of posta^^e. Act March *J, 1S27, .vec^/o;/ .">. — One or more ]iieces id' |iaper mailed as a h-tter and wcifihinf;- one onnce avoirilni»ois, shall he charged with i|nailrii)(lc posta^^e, and at the. same rate slionld the wci^^iit Vte j^reater. I'aeka^ics containinii four pieces of paper, nuadrnide. rates. Every printed ]iamphlet or niatiazine, containing more tlian t w enty-fmir pa^es on a royal sheet, or any sheet of less dimensions, shall he charj^cd hy tiic sheet : and small pamjihlcts, ])rinted on a half or ipiarter sheet of royal, or less size, shall l>e charged with one- half tlie amonnt of postage on a fnll slu'et. Donhle postage siiall lie charged, nnless there shall hi- printed or written on one id" the outer ]iagesofaIl l>aniplilets and magazines the uumher .iect to same rates ot postage as are prescribed hv this act on magazines and pamphlets. Act March Z, 1845, scc^iou '3.— Printed or lithograph circulars, hand-bills, or adver- 444 POSTAL LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. tisemeiits, printed or lithograplietl on qnarto-post or single-cap paper, or paper not larger than single-cap paper, nusealed, shall he charged with postage at the rate of two cents for each sheet, without regard to distance. Pamphlets, magazines, peri- odicals, and all other printed or other matter (except newspapers) unconnected with any writing, sliall be charged with postage at the rate of two and a half cents for each copy sent, not exceeding one ounce in weight, and one cent additional for each addi- tional ounce, without regard to distance ; and any fractional excess of not less than one-half ounce above one or more ounces shall be charged for as if said excess amounted to a full ounce. Act March 3, 184.5, section o. — Repeals all acts and parts of acts conferring upon any person the right or privilege to receive and transmit through the mail, free of postage, letters, packets, newspapers, periodicals, or other matter. Act March 3, 1845, section 6. — All officers of the Government of the United States, heretofore having the franking privilege, shall be allowed and paid quarterly all post- age on official letters, packages, or other matter received by mail. Postage upon official letters, packages, or other matter received by the three Assist- ant Postmasters-General shall be remitted, and they shall be authorized to transmit by mail, free of postage, official letters, packages, or other matter under certain regu- lations. Deputy postmasters allowed all postage which they may have paid or have had charged to them for official letters, packages, or other matters, and they are authorized to send by mail, free of postage, official letters and packets, under certain regulations. Act March 3, 1845, section 7. — Continues in force act of June 30, 1834, authorizing the governors of the several States to transmit by mail certain books and documents, and authorizes Members and Delegates, Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House, to transmit by mail, free of postage, any documents printed by order of either House of Congress. Act March 3, 1845, section 8. — Senators, Members, Delegates, Secretary of Senate, and Clerk of the House authorized, during each session of Congress, and for thirty days before and after every session of Congress, to send and receive through the mail, free of postage, any letter, newspaper, or packet, not exceeding two ounces in weight. Postage-charge for excess of weight on official letters, packages, &c., received during any session of Congress, to be paid out of the contingent fund of the House of which the person may be a member. Authorized to frank written letters from themselves during the whole year, tSrc. Act March 3, 1845, section 13. — Transmission of letters by steamboats, under act of March 3, 1825, section 6, not prohibited: Provided, That the requirements of said sixth section shall be strictly complied with by the delivery of all letters so conveyed, not relating to the cargo or some part thereof, to the postmaster or agent of the Post- Office Department, at the port to which said letters may be delivered, and the postmaster or agent shall collect upon all letters or other mailable matter so delivered to him, except newspapers, pamphlets, magazines, and i)eriodicals, the same rates of postage as would have been charged upon said letters had they been transmitted by mail from the i)ort at which they were placed on board the steamboat from which they were received ; weight of packet limited to three ])0unds. Act March 3, 1845, section 15. — Mailable matter defined. — Letters, newspa]»ers, maga- zines, and pamphlets pericxlically published or puldished in regular series, or in suc- cessive uunibcrs, under the same title, though at irregular intcLvals, anil all other written or iirinted matter, whereof each copy or number shall not exceed eight ounces in weight, excejrt Ijank-notes sent in packages or bundles, without written letters accompanyiug them. Bound books not to be included within the meaning of these terms. Act March 3, 1845, section 16. — Xcwspapers defined. — Any printed publication issued in numbers, consisting of not more than two sheets and published at short stated in- tervnls of not more than one month, conveying intelligence of passing events, and hona-fide extras and supplements of any such puldicatlons. Fre_e exchange of newspapers between publishers as provided for by act ]SIarcli 3, 1825, section 29, not prohibited. Act March 3, 1845, section 23. — Franking i)rivilege conferred l>y former acts on the President of the United States when in otiice, and- to all Ex-Presidents, and to the widows of the former Presidents, Madison and Harrison, continued in force. Joint resol II lion of March 3, 1845. — Provides that act of March 3, 1845, shall go into effect on and after July 1, 1845. Act Mail 29, 1840, section 3. — Same rates of i)ostage to T»e charged in Texas as in other States of the United States. Act All fi list G, 1846, section 18.— On and after January 1, 1847, postage shall be paid in gold and silver only, or in Treasury notes of the United States. Act March 1, 1847, section 3. — Members and Delegates in Congress, Vice-President of the United States, Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of the House to have power to APPENDIX — roi.'.MKlJ I'OSIAL LAWS. 445 sj'IkI an ili«- 111-1 Mr. inlay of Dirt'iiiluT followiiiy,- tin- expiration of their term of oilier. Act Mdicli 1. 1S47, .sceNon 4. — Seeretaiy of the Senate ami Clerk of the IIoiih*- to reeeive and send all letters and ]»ackaj;e,s free of posta;ie, diirinj^ their term of otllce; limited lo two ounces. .lit Murcli 1, 1H47. mrllon '». — Members of Coiif^ress to ri-eeivc and send all li-lteeeml»fr followin;; tin- expirii- tion of their term of oHice. Act March ti, IsJT, sccliaii 1. — Postnnisters, whosr eom]iensation forthehi.st pri-eediiij; year did not exeeed iJiJOO, to send all letters written by himself ami reeeive all addressed to himself, on his jirivate business, free of postajie; limited to one-half oiim-i- in weight. ^Ict Murch :!, 1H47, section 4. — [getters, news]>aiters, and patkits. not exercdinn oiio ounce in wei^jht, directed to any ollicer, nnisieian, or pri\ ate of the Army of the I'nited States in Mexico, or at any i)lace on the frontier of the Unilt^d States bordering; on Mexico, shall be conveyed in the mail free of )>ostaj^e. Act March :?, It^ 17, section 5. — Continues in force section 4 of this Act dnriii;; the present war and three months thereafter. Act March'.i, lSi7, section!. — Postmaster-tlcneral aiitliorized to establish a iiost-othce at Astoria, and other places on the Paeitie : Cents. All letters conveyed to or from Cha^res 20 All letters conveyed to or from Havana - Ivj^ All letters conveyed to or from Panama 151) All letters con veyeartuU'Ut. Act March :?, 1"'47, section l'^. — Newspapers by mail (except exchanges between pub- lishers), except those franked by those enjoying the franking privilege, and news- papers not sent from the office of publication, and handbills or circulars printed or lithograjdied, not exceeding one sheet, shall be subject to three cents pi-epaid postage each. Postnuister-General authorized to jtay not exceeding two cents each for all letters or packets conveyed in any vessel, iu>t employed in carrving the mail from one place to another in the I'nited States, under such regulations as he may i)rovide. Publications, or books juiblislied, procuicd, or iturcliased by either House of Con- gress, shall be considered public documents and entitled to be franked as such. Act March :?, 1847, section 14. — Rei)eals so njuch of act of March 3. 1845, and of all other acts relating to the I'ost-Ofhce Department as is inconsistent with this act. Act March 9, 1H4S'. — Letters aTid packets by mail to anostage which the governments, to which such foreign packets belong, impose upon letters, Ac., carried in American packets. Act June 27, 1848, section 2. — All letters and other mailable matter conveyed by any foreign ship to or from any jiort of the I'nited States, to be subject to postage charged as in above section, except letteis relating to the vessel or cargo. Act Auf/usf 14, 184S, section '.i. — Postmaster-tieneral authorized to establish a jwist- olfice at San Diego, Monterey, San Francisco, and other places on the Pacific, in Cali- fornia, and all letters conveyed to or from any of the above i>laces on the Pacific, from or to any place on the Atlantic, to be chargeil forty cents jxistagc : all letters con- veyed from one to any other of said places on the I'acilic. twelve ami a half cents. Act March A, 1849,' xe ■/((*» 1.— Kates of letters transported under the (.ostal treaty with Great Britain : Letters not exceeding one-half ounce, one rate of postage. Letters exceeding one-half ounce avoirdupois, and not exeeetliug one ounce, two rates of postage. Letters exceeding oiu; ounce avoirdupois, and not exceeding two ounces, four rates of postage. Letters exceeding two ounces avoirdupois, and not excL-eding three ounces, six ratts of postage. Letters exceeding three ounces avoirdupois, and not exceeding four ounces, eight rates of postage. And in like progres.sion for each additicmal ounce or fraction of an ounce. News- papers not sent from the office of ])nblication to be charged with the same rates of postage as other papers; to be prejiaid. 44G " POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Act January 10, 1850. — Fraukiug privilege grauted Sarah Polk, relict of the late James K. Polk, duriug her life, to cover all letters and packages to and from. Act May 23, 1850, section 17. — Marshals aud their assistants, authorized to transmit papers and documents relating to the census through the post-office free. Act March 23, 1850, section \9. — Secretary of the Interior required to appoint a clerk to superintend the census, who shall have the privilege of franking aud i-eceiving, free of charge, all official documents aud letters connected therewith. Act Jnlij 18, 1850. — Franking privilege granted to Margaret Smith Taylor, relict of Zachary Taylor, same as granted to widows of deceased Presidents. Act September 27, 1850. — Third section act of August 14, 1848, extended to Terri- tories of Utah and New Mexico, and Postmaster-General authorized to establish such rates of postage in said Territories as may to him seem proper, not to exceed those authorized iu said act. * Act March 3, 1851, section 1. — Bates of jfostage on letters — From and after June 30, 1851, in lieu of rates of postage now fixed by law, there shall be charged the follow- ing rates : Every single letter, in writing, marks, or signs, by mail, not exceeding thi-ee thousand miles, prepaid postage, 3 cents ; not prepaid, 5 cents ; for any greater distance, double these rates. Every single letter or paper conveyed wholly or in part by sea, and to or from a foreign country over two thousand five hundred miles, 20 cents ; under two thousand five hundred miles, 10 cents (excepting rates fixed by postal treaty); double letter, double rates ; triple letter, triple rates ; aud every letter or parcel, not exceeding i ounce in weight, shall be deemed a single letter, and every additional weight of^ ounce or less shall be charged with an additioual rate. Drop or local letters, 1 cent each. Letters uncalled for and advertised, to l)e charged 1 cent in addition to the regular postage. Act March 3, 1851, section 2. — Newspapers not exceeding 3 ounces in weight sent from the office of publication to hona-fide subscribers shall be charged with postage as folloAvs : Weekly newspapers free, within the county where published, and for not exceed- ing fifty miles out of the county where published, 5 cents per quarter ; exceeding 50 miles, and not exceeding 300 miles, 10 cents per quarter ; exceeding 300 miles, and not exceeding 1,000 miles, 15 cents per quarter; exceeding 1,000 miles, aud not ex- ceeding 2,000 miles, 20 cents per quarter; exceeding 2,000 miles, and not exceeding 4,000 miles, 25 cents per quarter ; exceeding 4,000 miles, 30 cents per quarter. Newspapers published monthly, sent to hona-fide subscribers, one-quarter of the foregoing rates ; puldished semi-monthly, one-half of the foregoing rates ; published semi-weekly, double the foregoing rates ; published tr'-weekly, treble the foregoing rates; aud ofteuer than tri-weekly, five times the foregoing rates; on other papers, unsealed circulars, haudliills, engravings, pamphlets, periodicals, magazines, books, aud all other printed matter, Unconnected with Avritteu matter, of notniore fhanoue ounce in weight, and not exceeding 500 miles, one cent ; and for each additional ounce or fraction thereof, one cent; exceeding 500 miles, and not exceeding 1,500 miles, double these rates; exceeding 1,500 miles, and not exceeding 2,500 miles, treble these rates; exceeding 2,.500 miles, and not exceeding 3,500 miles, four times these rates ; exceeding 3,500 miles, five times these rates. Subscribers to iicriodicals required to i)ay oiie-(iuarter's postage in advance ; post- age one-lialf the furcgoing rates. Bound books aud parcels of printed matter, not over thirty ounces, made mailable matter. Postage on printed matter, other than newspapers, aud periodicals published at in- tervals not exceeding three months and sent from office of i>ublicatiou to hona-fide subscribers, to be prei)aid. When print(nl matter, on which jiostngc is required by this section to be ])repaid, shall be sent without pre])aynient,The same shall bcclnirged witlidoul)lethepi'ei)aid rate. Nothing iu this act shall subject to postage any matter exempted from i)ostage by existing law. Publishers of ]iamphlefs, periodicals, magazines, and uews])apers, which shall not exceed sixteen ounces in weight, allowed to interchange their publications free, con- fined to a single copy of each publication. Publishers allowed to inclose in their ])ub- lications bills for subscription without additional postage. Newspapers not containing more than three hundred s(|uaie inches, maybe transmitted to &o««-^V/<' sul>scribers at one-fourth the rates bxed by this act. Act March 3, 18.M, section 8. — Provides for the annual approi)riationof $500,000 to the Post-Office Dejiartnieut for mail-servi(M> for the two Houses of Congress, and other De- partments, and ofticers of the govi^niment, in the tr;ins])ortati()U of free matfer. Act Aiit/usl 30, bsr)2, section I. — It'dlex of poxiiKje on printed mutler. — l<''roni and after Sep- tember 30, 1S52, posfjige on all printed matter passing by mail, instead of the rates now charged, shall be as follows: Each nt^wspaper, periodical, unsi'aled circular, or otlu^' article of printed matter, not ''xceeding three ounces iu weight, to any part of APPENDIX FOIv'MKl,' PosiAL LAWS. 447 tho I'uitt'd Stiitos, one ci-nt ; and tor i'\< r> aililiiinii.il oiiiicr or tVartioii tln-rt-of, uue cent additional. Postajjc on any iifw.spaiMrs or |>iTiodiral.H paid i|iiai'tcrly or yearly in iidvantis anlished, one-half the rates liefore mentioned. Small iiewspain'rs and i>eiioilii;ils, imhlished monthly or oftener. and )).'tmphletH of not more than sixteen oet.avo pa^^es, sent in siiij^le paekam-s. wei^hinji at least eiyht ounces, to one address, and prepaid hy ]iosta;;e-stamps atli.\eai>ers and ]>eriodi<-als may exchange, free of postagi-. one copy of each imhlication, aiul may send to actii.il siii>scril)eis. in their pnldieatioiis, hills and receipts for the same free. I'uhlisheis of weekly ni-wspajieis may send to each actual subscriber within the county where their papers are printed and imldished one copy free of postage, nniler certain conditions. Act AiifiHst '.?0. 18;V2, section '.\. — Prescribes certain conditions, which, if not com|died with, sul)ject printed matter to letter-)>ostage. Matter sent by mail from one part of the I'nited States to another, the jio.stage of Avhich is not fixed by this act, shall, unless entitled to be sent free, be chargeil with letter-jtostage. Act J/itniist 30, 18.52, section'). — Rei)ealssomnchof the second section of act of March, 3, 18.')1, as relates to the postage ov free circulation of newspapers, jieriodicals. and other printed matter, and all other jnovisions of law inconsistent with this act. Act Aiif/iist 30, lSo2, section 8.— Postinaster-tiencral authoiized to provide stamp.d letter envelopes. Letters when inclosed in such envelojxs [ with stamps thereon eipial iu amount to the i>ostage to which such letters would he liable if sent by mail) may be sent and delivered otherwise than by mail under certain conditions. Act Fcbniarii 2. \i')i. — The .Superiiitei'ideiit of the Co.-ist Survey and the .assistant in charge of theOthce of the Coast Survey, authorized to transmit freeof post.ige. by the mails, all letters and documents iu relation to their public ilnties. Act March 3. 1<).'). section I.— In lieu of the rates of ]>ostage now tixeil by law. there shall he charged the following rates: For every single letter, in manuscript or ]>ai>er of any kind, in writing, marks, or signs, coiiveyedin the mail beTween i)Iaces in the rnited States, not exceeding three thousand miles, three cents: and for .my greater distance, ten cents; for a double let- ter, double rates: trelile letter, treble rates; (inadrnide letter, i|uadrui»le rates; every letter or parcel not exceeding one-half ounce in weight .shall be deemed a .single let- ter, and every additional weight oi' one-half ouiu-e or less shall be i on letters to or from a foreign country. Postage ou drop or local letters, one cent each. Nothing in this act to alter the laws in relation to flu- franking juivilege. Act March 3, ISoo. section 4.— Franking privilege, of ^'ice-l'residellts continued to those who have held .— IJooks, maps, charts, or other i>nblications, entered by cojtvright, and Avhich. under act of August 10. l-4(i. are required to be deposited in the Library of Congress and in the Smithsonian Institution, may be sent hy mail, tree of postage, under regulations to be jncscribed by the Postniiister-lJeneral. Act Januar}/ 2, 1.-.57.— Repeals the inovision in the act of August :!U. l-.Vi. permitting tran.sieut printed matter to be sent through the mail, without prep.iymeiit ot postag.- ; the pfistage on all such nnitter shall In- paid by stamps or otherwise, as the Postmaster- General mav direct. Act April 3. 1830, section 1.— Modities sectmd clause, section 3, of act Augu.st 30, 18.»2, establishing the rates of postage on ininted matter, so as to allow only the name, the date when the subscrii)tion expires, and the addn-ss of the per.son to whom sent. Act April 3, 1860, section 2.— Postage on tiro), or local letters deli vere 1 by earners, one cent each. Act Fchrnari/ 27. 1861, section -.—That upon all letters returned from the deail-ietter office there shall be i)aid the usual rate of postage ; to he paid on delivery. Act Fehrnarii 21 , l-^Hl. section ".i.— That upon every letter or pa.kit brought into the United States, or carried from e deemed mailable matter, and charged with postage by weight, not to exceed four pounds, at the rate of one cent an ounce or fraction of an ounce, to any place in the United States under 1,500 miles; two cents an ounce or fraction of an ounce over 1,.500 miles, to l»e prepaid hj postage-stamps. Act Fehrnarji 27, 1861, xeetion 1?,. — That cards, blank or printed, blanks in packages weighing at least eight ounces, and seeds or cuttings in packages not exceeding eight ounces, shall also lie deemed mailable matter, and charged Avith postage at the rate of one cent an ounce, or fraction thereof, to any place in the United States under 1,500 miles, and two cents an ounce, or fraction thereof, over 1,500 miles, to be prepaid by postage-stamits. Act February 27, 1861, section 14. — Modifies the act of March 3, 18.55, so as to require the ten-cent rate of postage to be prepaid on letters conveyed in the mail from any point in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains to any State or Territory on the Pacific, and vice versa. Drop-letters shall be prepaid by postage stamps. Act February 27. 1861, section 16. — The postage over the overland route, between any State or Territory east of the Rocky jNIountains to any State or Territory on the Pacific, on each newspaper, periodical, unsealed circular, or other article of jirinted matter not exceeding three onnces in weight, shall be one cent; and every additional ounce, or fraction thereof, one cent additional. Act February 27, 1861, section 17. — Rate of letter-iiostage between any State or Terri- tory east of the Rocky Mountains and any State or Territory on the Pacific, ten cents for every 4 ounce. Act March 2, 1861, section 9. — Contractors on overland routes to San Francisco re- quired to rnn a pony-express during the C(mtinuance of their contract or until the completion of the overland-telegra]>li, at certain times, carrying for the Government free of charge five jiounds of mail-matter, with the liberty of charging the public for transportation of letters by said express, not exceeding one dollar for -k ounce ; to com- mence before the 25th day of March, 1862, and expire July 1, 1864. Act July 22, 1861, .section 11. — Letters written by soldiers in the service of the United States may be transmitted by mail without prei>ayment of postage, under regula- tions of the Post-Office Department ; postage to be paid by the party receiving. Act July 24, 1861. — Prepaid letters to soldiers in the service of the United States, and directed to a point where they have been stationed, may be forwarded without further charge. Act January 21, 1862, section 1. — Postnuister-General authorized to return all dead- letters to writers, except those containing circulars and other worthless matter. Valuable letters to be charged treble, and all others double the ordinary rates of post- age, to be collected from the writers. Provisions of act of .July 2, 1861, section 11, extended to sailors and marines in the service of the United States. Act Aiyril 16, 1862, section 1. — Postujaster-General authorized to establish branch post-offices in cities, and to charge one cent in addition to the regnhtr postage for every letter de])Osited in them, to Ite forwarded by mail, to be prepaid l)y stamps ; and one cent for every letter delivered at snch bi-anch office, to be ]iaid on delivery. Act May 15, 1862, section 1. — Establishes the DepartnuMit of Agricultnie. Act May 15, 1862, section 2. — Provides for the appointment of a Commissioner of Agri- culture, ami confers franking privileges on said Connnissioner to send and receive by mail, free of postage, all con)nninications and other matter pertaining to the business of his Depart iiieiit ; weight limited to thirty-two ounces. Act July 1, bSi'i, scctiiin 1. — Creates the Oltice of Connnissioner of Internal Revenne, and confers on the Connnissioner the ]ii-ivilege of franking all letteis and docnments pertaining to the duties of his Oflice, and of r<'ceiving free all snch letters and docu- ments. Act July 5, 1862, section 6. — Chii'fs of the bureaus of the Navy Deiiartment authorized to frank all comnnmications from their respective bureaus, and all conununications to their bureaus on the business thereof shall he free of jKisfage. Act Marcli :i, 1^6'.!, xectiun 16. — ruhlications not received by nniil, at rates and terms to be agreed upon. APPENDIX POKMKU roSTAI- I-AWS. 449 Cniitrarts liiive in» forct- until ni)provf Hiiiitll ]i!i<'ki-tH, c>thi»r than IrttiMs «>r ]>iH»tTs siml not «'xc<'c !»»' ]n'c|taiil l»y |»osla;if-.staiM|i.H at tin- rat<- of two ci-ntH for t'ac-li 1«iMii' omicf.s or lra<'lioii tlififoi". Jr-f Mttnh :?. 1H(>:?, srrliiin H). — Limits wcifilit to lour oiimcs. f\(ci»t 1mm. U.H |)iiliiiH|ic<| or <'ln-ulattMl l>_v onl«'r of <':i, m-vtwii V.K — l>ivi(l»s inailaMc inattt-r into tlin-r ilaM«-H. FirHt class, Irttrrs: sct-ond clnss, rc^iular inintcd matter; tliini class. nii.s4'i>||jinr'on.s nialti'r. .IH March :?, 1"'6:{, Hfctioti "JO. — I'irst-class rniliraccs all lorn-spoinli-nrr wholly or ]>artly in writin;^. fx<-<']»t that niciitiont-d in tin- third class. S('( onil class tinluaccs all niailahlc matter exclusively in |»rint ami re)j;uhirly inMU'- 1 at stated ))eriods, without additimi l>y writinji. mark, or si^;n. Third class euihraces all other matter which is or may hereatler he hy law declared luailalde. Act March 'A, Idfti, .iccl'ioii 2\. — I'ixes the maximum standard weight for tlie Hin^lp rate of letter-i)Ostai;t' at one-half ounce avoirdnixus. Act March 'A, lHfi3, xcctinii "ix;. — Fixes the rate of jiostaye on domestic letters not ex- ce»'din<^ (uie-half ouiu-e in weii^ht at three cents, and three cents additional for each additional half-ounce (U- traction thereof, to he ]u'e]i;iid h\ iiosta;ie-st:ini|is atlixed. Act March W. l>*i}',i. section ^'.i. — Fixes the rate of posta;;!- on ilrop-htters not exceeding one-half ounce in wei-iht at two cents, and two cents added f(u- each additional half- ounce or fraction thereof, to he pre]taid by postajie-stamps ;if1ixed. Act March :>. l-^i;:?. i^ection '24. — Mailahle nuittcr wholly or p.irtly in writin;;. or so iiuirked as to convey further information than is conveyed hy the original juint incase of printed mattei-, or sent in violation tif law oi- rejiulations touchin;^ the inclosure of matter which may he .sent at less than letter-rates, and .ill matteron which iioditferent rate is provided hy l.iw, suhject to letter-iiosta;ie : I'roridcd, That hook-manuscript and corrected proof, passiuj; hetween author an;i, section '25. — All uuitter not enumerated as mailable, and to which no si)ecitie rates of i)osta;ie are assiij;ned. subject to letfer-postajie. Act March 'A. 18<>:?, section '2ii. — Double rates of jiostaj^e to be collected on deliveiy on any matter on which ]iostaiie is required to be prepaid at the mailin.n-ottice : I'ror'uled, Such nuitter reaches its destination without smli ]>re])aymeut. Alt Marcli ;!. If^iVA. section 27. — I'ostniaster-tiencral .luthorized to j»rovi(h' for tran.s- mittini; uni)aid ami duly-ccrtitieed witli d3, section 30. — Lettci-s may be forwarded from otlice t>f destination to any other ottice. with additional charjie of postaj^e therefor. Act March 3, IdtU?. section 31. — Postnutster-General autluuized to jiay two cents each for all letters conveyed in any vessel, not einidoyod in carryiuff the mail from one pla<<' to another in the United States, or from any foreisatlixee as follows: For newspap<-rs and oilnr jx-riodical imblications. not exceeding four ounces, and ])assing through the mails or post-otlices of the I'nited States, the rate for each ([uarter shall be. for publications is.sued once a w« ek. 5 cents; twice a week, 10 cents; three times a week, 15 cents; six times a week, 30 cents; seven tinu-s a week, 35 cents; and in that ]>ropoi-tion. adding one rate for each issue more frequent than once a week. For weight exceeding four ounces and not exeeed- 2<) P L 450 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS, iu<^ eig-lit oiiucus, ai aldiioiial rate, and an adrlitioual rate for eacdi additioual four oimces or fraction thex-eof; postage to be jirepaid for uot less tliau one quarter uor more tliau one year, at either the office of mailing or dehvery, at the option of the subsci'iber. Weekly newspapers, to each subscriber within the county where the same are l)rinted and published, one coi>y free of postage. Act Manli ?>, 186:5, section 36. — Postage on mailable matter of the second class, issued less frequently than once a week, issued from a known office of publication, and sent to subscribers, shall be as follows: Upon newspapers, magazines, and other periodical publications, not exceeding four ounces, passing Through the mails or post-offices of the United States, the rate for each such i)aper or periodical shall be one cent, and an additional rate of one cent for each additional four ounces or fraction thereof; Pro- vided, That the Postmaster-General may provide for the transportation of small news- l)apers in packages, at the same rate by weight, when sent to one addi'css ; postage must be prepaid at office of mailing or delivery, at option of subscriber, for not less than one quarter nor more than one year. Act March 3, 1863, section 37. — Publishers may inclose in their publications to sub- scribers bills for siibscrijition, and may write or print on their ]tublications or their wrapjiers name and address of subscribers and the date when subscriptioa expires; but any other inclosure, or addition in writing or in print, shall subject the same to let- ter-postage. Act MarcJi 3, 1863, section 39. — Postmaster-General authorized to prescribe the manner of wrai»ping all matter uot charged with letter-postage nor lawfully franked; if not so wrapped and secured, the same shall be subject to letter-postage. Act March 3, 1H63, section 42. — Confers the franking privilege upon and limits it to the following persons : President of the United States. Vice-President of the United States. The chiefs of the several Execiitive Departments. The heads of Bureaus or chief clerks of Executive Departments, to be used only for official communications. Senators, Kepresentatives, and Delegates in Congress, Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of the House ; to cover correspondence to and ti'om tliem, and all printed mat- ter issued by authority of Congress, and all speeches, proceedings, and debates in Con- gress, and all printed matter sent to them ; to commence w'ith the term for which they are elected, and to expire on the first Monday in December following the expiration of such term. All official communications to any of the Execiitive Departments, by an officer re- sjionsible to that Dei>artmeut, the envelope to be marked "official," with the signature of the officer thereon. Postmasters, for their official communications to other postmasters, the envelope to be miirked "official," with the signature of the i)ostmaster thereon. Petitions to either House of Congress, free. The franking privilege granted by this act, limited to four ounces, except petitions to Congress, congressional or executive documents, and publications or books pub- livshed, procured, or purchased by order of either House of Congress, or joint resolution of both Houses, which shall be considered as piiblic documents, and entitled to be franked as such; and except, also, seeds, cuttings, roots, and scions, the weight of packages to be fixed by regulations of the Postmaster-General. Act March 3, 1833, section 43. — Publishers of periodicals, magazines, and newspapers allowed to exchange their publications free of postage ; confined to a single copy, and not to exceed sixteen ounces in weight. This act to take effect June 30, 1863. Act March 3, 1863, section 45. — Repeals all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act. Act January '22, 1864. — Clothing of wool, cotton, or linen, in packages not exceeding two pounds each, addressed to any non-commissioued officer or private in the Army, may be transmitted by mail at the rate of eight cents for every four ounces or fraction thereof, under regulations of the Postmaster-General ; postage to be prepaid. Act March 16, 1864. — The franking priAnlegeof the President and Vice-President shall extend to and cover all mail-matter sent from or directed to either of them. Act March 25,1864, .sec//oH 4. — Mailable matter conveyed by nmil W(^stward of the "western boundary of Kansas, and eastward of the eastern boundary of California, sub- ject to prepaid letter-rates, except newspajters sent from a known oifice of ])ublication to subscribers, not exceeding one copy to each, and franked matter to. and from tlie intermediate points between the boundaries named, which shall be at the usual rate. Act June 1, 1864. — Official (•ommunications to heads of Departments or heads of Pu- reaus or chief clerks or one duly authorized by the Postmaster-General to frank official matter, shall be received and convoyed by mail free of postage, without being indorsed, "official business," or with the name of the writer. APPENDIX I'OlfMKU Posi.vr. LAWS. 451 Act Juiii'M), ISfU, Hfction 1.— Tin' fiankiii;; |»ri\ ilfjii- to tin- CiiiniiiiMHiiiniT of Internal RevoiiiK', cxtciKkHl to h'ttciM iiiiil tlociiinints iH-rtaiiiiiij^ to tin- diiticM of liiHOnicft anr'ep:iid on niat- ti'r sent, and collected on matter received ; suhject to rates estahlished or to l>c e.stah- lished hy inteniational jiostal convention. Art Jaiinarn vJO, lS(;.',._Aminil8 section 4 of art March 2'>, lHf,4, ho as to inHort in th« proviso in said sccriim after the word "newspapers," the words *' periodicals, maga- zines, and exchanj^es.'' Act March 3, IHiio, scclion 20. — Pri vilejie of frankinji letters and docnments pertaining; to the duties of the Otiice of Internal IJevenue and of receiving; free of jiosta^e all such letters and documents, is extended to the Commissioner of that ( )llice. Act March :?, IS65, .section 15. — Fixes the prepaid postage on drop letters, at all otHees excei)t free delivery, at one cent. Act Fcbriiarji Id, ISGti. — Confers franking i)rivilege on Mary Lincoln, widow of the late Ahraham Lii'.coln, to cover all letters and i)ackets hy mail, to and from. Act June 12, IHIifi, nection 1. — Provides for the forwarding of prepaid and free letter-i at the request of the party addressed, from one post-otlice to another without addi- tional postage and the return of deail-lettera to the writers free of postage. Act June Vi, X^iW), flection 2. — Request letters to he returned to the writers without additional postage. Act Jul If 13, 18()6, xectioii (55. — That all official communications made by ass«»ssors to collectors, assessors to assessors, collectors to collectors, collectors to assi-ssors, assess- ors to assistant assessors, assistant assessors to assessors, collectors to their deputies or deputy collectors to eollectors, may he othcially franked hy the writers tlu>reof and trausmitted hy mail free of i)ostage. Act .full/ \:\. l.-'lili, .section ()(). — Authorizes tlie Secretary of the Treasury to appoint a Special Commissioner of the Kevcnue; and all letters and docements to and from said Commissioner, relating to the duties and husiness of his Office, shall he transmitted by mail free of postage. Act ./'iilji 2!*, MH'^ section I'.l. — Establishes the Hureau of Statistics, and authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to aiqioint a Director to su)ieriiitenil the husinessof said Hiui-au, and provides for the transmission by mail, free of postage, of all letters and documents to and from him, relating to the liusiness of his (Hhce. Act March 2, l*'!!'*.— The adjutants-general of the States and Territories authorizetl to transmit by uuiil, free of postage, any medals, eertilicates of thanks, or other testi- monials awarded, or that may be awarded, by the legislatures of .said States aud Territories, to the soldiers thereof, under regulations to be prescribed by the Post- master-General. Act March 9. I8f)8. section 3. — Letters and doeuments to and fiom the Congressional Printer, relating to the business of his OHice, shall be transmitted by mail, free of postage, under regulations to be prescribed by the Postmaster-tJeneral. Act June 2:\ li^lH.— That the operations of "section 4, act of M.inli 25, 1S(V1, shall cease on ami after September 30, IHtiS. Act Jnlji '27. ]^6)^, section 1. — Pri'iiaid letters, having the name and address of the writer in writing, f)r in ]>rint on the outside, after remainiug uncalled for at the post- office to which ilirecteil, thirty ila\s, or the time the writer may direct, shall lie nv turned to the writer without additional iiostagc Act Jiili/ 27, 1868, section 3. — Weekly uewspajtius. sent to subscribers in the county where printed and ]iublished, to be delivered free of postage, when deposited in the office nearest the othce of ])ulilication ; but they shall not be distributed by letter- carriers unless ]iostage is |uepiiiil thereon at the rate of live cents per quarter, for not less than one (|uartcr nor more than one year, at the office of nniiling or delivery, at the option of the subscriber. Act March 1, 18(59. — Kequires the franking privilege to be exercised, by jiei-sons en- titled to it, by the written autograi>li signature njiou the nuitter franked : let t ere or other mail-matter iu)t thus franked, tiv he charged with ])ostage. Act July 8, 1870, section H. — Pro\ iiles that the Comiuissioner of Patents may send an\f receive by mail, free of jiostage, letters, jirinted nniiter. and packages, relating to th ■ business of his Ottice, including Patent-Office Rejiorts. Ad Ji'hi ~. I^'TO. section i'."). — Au.v copyriLi'i' liin.Iv or nilier ;ufirlr nia\ b,- sini i ■ Li'i- ' ongress, by mafl, free e iiiai' ,iinly written or printwl < 452 POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Act June 1, 1872, section 4. — Reiieals section 12, act March 3, 1847, and section 8, act March 3, 1851, so far as said sections provide for s})ecitic permanent appro}>riations for carrying free matter in tlie mails for tlie several Departments and Members of Con- gress; hereafter payment for carrying snch matter shall he made out of the annnal appropriations. Act June 8, 1872, section 99. — The rate of postage on newspapers (excepting week- lies), periodicals not exceeding two onnces in weight, and circnlars when deijosited in a letter-carrier office for delivery hy the office or its carriers, shall l)e uniform at 1 cent each ; but periodicals weighing more than two ounces shall be subject to a post- age of 2 cents each ; these rates to be prepaid by stamps. Act June 8, 1872, section 127.— Letters upon the official business of the Post-Office Department may be registered free of charge and pass liy mail free of charge. Act June 8, 1872, section 130. — Divides mailable matter into three classes: First class, letters ; second class, regular printed matter; third class, nuscellaneous matter. Act June 8, 1872, section 131. — Mailable matter of the first class shall embrace all correspomlence wholly or i)artly in writing, except book manuscript and corrected proofs x>assing between authors and publishers. Act June 8, 1872, section 132. — Second class, to embrace all matter exclusively iu print and regularly issued at stated periods from a known office of publication, with- out addition by writing, mark, or sign. Act June 8, 1872, section 133.— Third class, to embrace all other luailable matter. Matter of this class, except books, and other printed matter, book-manuscripts, proof-sheets, and conected proof-sheets, shall not exceed twelve ounces in weight. Sanii)les of metals, ores, and mineralogical specimens, limited to twelve ounces. Act June 8, 1872, section 134. — Limits weight of packages to four pounds, except books published or circulated by order of Congress. Act June 8, 1872, section 13(i. — Matter not charged with letter postage, nor lawfully franked, subject to letter-postage, unless wrapped in accordance with regulations of the Postmaster-General. Act June 8, 1872, section 141. — Publishers of newspapers or periodicals may ]mut or write upon their publications to regular subscribers the address, the date when the subscription expires, and may inclose therein bills and receipts lor sultscription, Avith- out extra postage. Act June 8, 1872, section 142. — To inclose or cancel any letter, memorandum, or other thing, in any mail-matter not charged with letter-postage, or to write thereon, sub- jects such matter to letter-postage. Act June 8, 1872, section 152. — Mail-matter on which postage is required to be prepaid, reaching its destination, by inadvertence, without such prepayment, shall be subject to double the ]>repaid rates. Act June 8, 1872, section 15H. — That on all mattei' wholly or partly in Avriting, except book-manuscripts and corrected proofs passing between author and jiublisher, and local drop letters; on all printed matter, so marked as to convey any (jther iuformation than is conveyed by the original print, except the correction of a mere typt>graphical error; on all matter sent in violation of law or regulations respectiug inclosures; and on all nuitter to which no specific rate of postage is assigned, postage shall be 3 cents the half ounce or fraction thereof. Act June 8,1872, section 157. — Fixes the ))ostage on droj) or local letters at letter- caiTier offices at 2 cents the half ounce or fi'actiou thereof, and 1 ceul the half oimee or fraction thereof at all other otiflees. Act June 8, 1872, section 158. — Quarterly postage on news])apers and othei- periodical ])ub]icatious, not exceediug four ounces in weight, sent to subscribers, shall be at the following rates: On publications issued less fnuiuently than once a we«'k, 1 cent for each issut^; issued once a week, .5 cents; ami 5 cents additional for eai'ii issue more irequent than onc*^ a week; an additional rate shall be charged for eacli additional four ounces or fraction thereof. Act June 8, 1872, section 16t). — Small newspaix-rs issued less fre([uently than onco a A\ eek, in ])ackages to <)ne address, to subscribers, 1 cent for each four ounces or frac- ii^, \>^72, xeelion 1()4. — Packages nl' woolen, cotton, or linen clothing, in jiack- aj;cs not exceediug two poumls, may l>c sent by mail to any noii-comnnssi(uied otHcer or jirivate in the Army, if j>repaid, 1 cent each ounce or fraction thereof. Act June 8, 1^72, section Itlti. — Letters con vey<^d in vessels not regularly employed in irryiug the njail, slmll, if for delivery in the United States, be rated with double p.'ttage. APPENDIX FoKMKIi I'OSTAI, LAWS. 453 Acl June rt, 1872, Hcvtioii 170. — l'ro\ idi's ((ir l lir issue ami triiii.siiii.s.Hiitn liy mail of pont.-il tanls at 1 cciit each. .tcl .Innc S, \r<7"i, mi-liim isii.. — ( 'onlVrs tlic tVaiiUin;; piiv ilr^ic ii|inii ami limits if, to tho following pcrsoiis : First. 'I'lic PifsitU'iit, l>y liiiiist'lf nr priv att- sec ri'tarv, to ((ivcr all mail-matter. Secoml. \'i('t' I'lfsidcnt, to covt'r all mail-inatt< r. Third. T\w chiefs of the several executive Departllleiils. Fourth. Senators, ) Koiirescutatives. I 'I'o covei- tlieir e(irres|iomleuce, all printed mat- Deley aiitlicuity of Con^Tess, anrl all Secn'tarv of the Senate, s|>eeelies. |Udceedin^s,anddebatcsin(J(>uin-CH,s. Clerk ol the House, j Fifth. Such heads of Hureaus oi- chief clerks as the PoKtmasfer-fieucrul may ul)li< ations, ))rocured or published by order of Conjjrcas, to be public documents, anapers, periodicals, and magazines, exchanged between ]>ublishers, DOt exceeding sixteen ounces in weight. Eighth. Weekly newspa|)ers, one copy to each subscriber within the county where the, sauii' is jniuted and ]>ui)lished. Ninth. Notice to the publishers of the refusal or neglect of subscribers to take newa- pajters, magazim's, or other ])eriodicals from the jtost-oftice. Tenth. Dead-letters returned to the writers. Eleventh. Medals, cintitiiates of thanks, or other testimonials awarded by tho legis- latures of States and Territories, to the soldiers thereof. Act ./tine !^, 1872, Kection 18.'). — All mail-mat ter to or from Mary Lincoln, widow of late President Lincoln. Act JaniKirii H, 187:3.— Auu'uds scition \'X\ ot' act of .lune ^^, 1872, so as to authorize the transmission by mail of jiackagesof seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, and scions, of any weight. For each package not exceeding four pounds, the jiostage shall be 1 cent for each two ounces or fraction of an ounce; to be |ire]>aid in full. Act Janiiaii/ M, 187S. — Aliolishes the franking juivilcge from anil after July 1, 1873. Act March ii, 187:3. — Repeals, from and after June :{((, l-^7:{, all laws and parts of laws permitting the transmission by mail ot any free matter whatever. Act June 2'.i, 1-74, section a. — (>;i and alter January 1, l'^7r), all newsi)apei's and peri- odical publications mailed from a known othce of luiblicafion or news agency, and ad- dressed to regular subscribers or news agents, postage shall be charged at the follow- ing rates: On newspapers and periodical luiblications issue