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 OF THE 
 
 EXHIBITING 
 
 THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM ; 
 
 THE CERTAIN RESTORATION OF JUDAH AND 
 ISRAEL ; 
 
 THE PRESENT STATE OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL ; 
 
 AND 
 
 AN ADDRESS OF THE PROPHET ISAIAH RE 
 LATIVE TO THEIR RESTORATION. 
 
 BY ETHAN SMITH, 
 
 PASTOR OE A CHURCH IN^POULTNEYi (VT.) 
 
 ** These be the days of vengeance." CHRIST. 
 * Yet a remaant shall return." ISAIAH, 
 
 POULTNEY, (F/.) 
 
 GRISTED AND PUBLISHED BY SMITH & SHUTE. 
 
District of Vermont, TO WIT : 
 
 BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the eleventh clay of 
 June, in the forty-seventh year of the Independence of the 
 United States of America, SMITH & S.HUTF., of the said Dis 
 trict, have deposited in this office, the title of a book, the 
 right whereof they claim a? proprietors, in the words follow 
 ing, to wit : " View of the Hebrews ; exhibiting; the destruc 
 tion of Jerusalem ; the certain restoration of Judah and Is 
 rael; the present state of Jutlah and Israel ; and an address 
 of the prophet Isaiah, relative to their restoration. By 
 ET;IAJV SMITH, Pastor of a Church in Poultney, (Vt.) 
 'These be the days of vengeance.' CHRIST. 'Yet a rem 
 nant shall return.' ISAIAH." In conformity to the act. of 
 the Congress of the United States, entitled " an act for the 
 encouragement of learning, by securit g the copies of map< f 
 charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such co 
 pies, during the times therein mentioned." 
 
 JESSE GOVE, 
 
 Clerk of the District of Vermont. 
 A true copy of record, examined and sealed by 
 
 J. GOVE, Clerk. 
 
Xntnftuctfoit* 
 
 historical events have been of such interest 
 to the world, as the destruction of Jerusalem by the 
 Romans, about forty years after the asronsion of our 
 blessed Lord. This remark is true, if the event 
 be contemplated simply as a piece of history. But 
 when it is admitted that the event was a striking ful 
 filment of denunciations of wrath uttered by Christ 
 on his persecutors, and by ancient prophets on the 
 same people ; also that it furnished a most brilliant 
 type of the final destruction of Antichrist in the last 
 d:iys ; it becomes far more interesting. This inter 
 est must be felt at this period, when the great events 
 of the last days connected with the restoration of 
 the Hebrews, are in a train of incipient fulfilment. 
 The signs of the times are important on this genera 
 tion. For upwards of thirty years they have been 
 assuming an aspect, with which the Christian world 
 ought to feel deeply impressed ; and which will is 
 sue in the battle of that great day of God Almighty., 
 and in the millennial kingdom of Christ. 
 
 The restoration of God's ancient people is to be 
 as "life from the dead" to the Gentile world. Sor.ie 
 have queried whether they are literally to be res 
 tored to Palestine. It hence becomes important to 
 examine the prophetic scriptures upon this subject. 
 This the writer has attempted to do ; and will exhi 
 bit the result of his enquiries, in the following p- 
 ges. 
 
 M5Q66Q3 
 
VI 
 
 To ascertain the present state of the Hebrews, 
 must be a matter of interest : and especially the state 
 of the ten tribes of Israel. This, in the following 
 work is attempted. Also an explanation is given of 
 an address from the prophet Isaiah to some Chris 
 tian people, relative to the restoration of the ancient 
 people of God ; and probably this people is Ameri 
 ca. If it is ascertained that the ten tribes are to be 
 restored with the Jews, in the last days ; they must 
 be now in existence, and they must come to the 
 knowledge of the Christian world about this time : 
 for the time of their restoration must be near. And 
 it is believed they are coming to light with ample 
 evidence. This musCdeeply interest the Christian 
 part of the world. 
 
 It would be strange if so great a section of Chris 
 tendom as our United States, could claim no appro 
 priate address in the prophetic writings. And it is 
 thought to be capable of being shown, with a satis 
 factory degree of evidence, that such an address is 
 indeed found ; and one of great interest at this oay. 
 The writer acknowledges himself to be affected 
 with this part of the subject ; and he would rejoice 
 to be the humble instrument of exciting a corres 
 ponding feeling in the minds of his Christian breth 
 ren. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 Poultney, July, 1823. 
 
 RECOMMENDATION. 
 
 ;,. that they have hoard (he 
 
 cUftlly r< <( i;i:;ieuJ it to the perusal of all cius-es o*" j-eople. 
 Voted, uua.ijinious.ly. 
 
 Attest, KUFUS CUSHMAN, Scribe* 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE 
 
 DESTRUCTION 
 
 OP 
 
 The land of promise was long a land of won 
 ders. The Hebrew nation there was, for many 
 centuries, the cradle of the true and only 
 church of God on earth. There glorious 
 things were wrought for her salvation. Patriarchs 
 had there prayed, sacrificed and praised. There 
 Prophets had prophesied ; find the Almighty had 
 often made bare his holy arm. There his people 
 had too often apostatized ; had been expelled 
 from their Canaan ; and again mercifully restor 
 ed. There the ten tribes of Israel had renounced 
 the house of David, and their God; and were 
 hence banished to some unknown region of the 
 world, to the present day; while the Jews were 
 still retained in the covenant of their God. Tlxve 
 God, manifest in the flesh, made his appearar.ee 
 on earth ; performed his public ministry ; 
 atoned for the sins of the world ; and ascended 
 to glory. There the first heralds of the ; 
 dispensation commenced their ministry ; and 
 thence the wonderful scheme of grace was pro- 
 d through the nations. 
 1* 
 
Jerusalem was the capital of this earthly Ca 
 naan. Glorious things were spoken of this cjty 
 of our God. " Beautiful for situation, the joy 
 of the whole earth, was this Mount Zion on the 
 sides of the north, the city of the Great King.' 7 
 This, for many centuries, might he called God's 
 Capital on earth. God said, alluding primarily 
 to this city, " For the Lord hath chosen Zion to 
 be an habitation for himself. Here will I dwell, 
 for I have desired it." Here great things were 
 done in divine faithfulness : which led the psalm 
 ist to say ; " God is known in her palaces for a 
 refuge. For lo, the Kings were assembled ; they 
 passed by together. They saw it, and so they 
 marvelled; they were troubled, and so they hast 
 ed away." " The Lord of hosts is with us ; the 
 God of Jacob is our refuge." " In Salem stood 
 his tabernacle ; and his dwelling place in Zion. 
 There brake he the arrows of the bow, the shield 
 and the sword of the battle." This city of<jod 
 long answered well to its name, Jeru, they shall 
 see ; Salem, peace. Long did the church, while 
 they walked with God, there see and enjoy 
 peace. 
 
 But alas, we find recorded of this city, temple, 
 and nation of the Jews, a fatal reverse. They 
 found the sentiment in their sacred oracles ful 
 filled ; " The Lord is with you while ye be with 
 Mm ; but if ye forsake him, he will cast you oiF. 
 
 The Jews became carnal ; crucified the Lord 
 f glory ; and they fell under the denunciations, 
 and the full execution of his wrath. Their law 
 giver Moses, and their prophets had long thunder 
 ed against them, that when they should become 
 of the character they finally assumed, the most 
 tremendous judgments of God should cut them 
 off. And the Messiah uttered against them, in 
 
consequence of their rejecting him, a new edition 
 of these fatal denunciations, which we find in 
 Matt. xxiv. Mark xiii. Luke xix. 41 44. chap, 
 xxi. and xxiji. 27 30; to which the reader is re 
 ferred. These were to have a primary fulfil 
 ment in the desolation of Jerusalem, and of the 
 Jewish commonwealth. This primary fulfil 
 ment Christ assured should take place on that ge 
 neration. And the denunciation was fulfilled. 
 
 This fulfilment, inasmuch as it demonstrated 
 the truth and divinity of our Saviour ; exhibited 
 a type of the destruction of Antichrist, and of the 
 wicked at the end of the world ; and shows the 
 danger of rejecting the Son of God ; ought to be 
 duly noted in the church, and frequently con 
 templated. It is a subject too much neglected, 
 and forgotten in the present Christian world. I 
 design then, to give a concise description of the 
 event, in which Jesus Christ came in awful judg 
 ment upon the infidel Jews, and vindicated his 
 cause against his persecutors and murderers. 
 But some preliminary remarks will first be made. 
 
 This noted city was built on two mountains ; 
 and contained two parts, called the upper, and 
 the lower city. The former was built on Mount 
 Sion ; the latter on Mount Acra. The city is 
 supposed to have been founded by Melchisedeck, 
 and then called Salem, or Solyma. The war 
 like Jebusites possessed it, when Israel entered 
 Canaan. 
 
 In the higher city they long defended them 
 selves against%e Hebrews. Here they remain 
 ed, till David subdued them ; and called theiir 
 City, The City of David. 
 
 Herod the Great, when he repaired (or rather 
 rebuilded) the temple, added vast strength arid 
 embellishments to this city ; which accounts for 
 
8 
 
 its superb state and strength, when it was de- 
 Most of this city was surrounded with three 
 wrpHs. In some places, where it was deemed in 
 accessible, it b '.'lie. The wall, first built, 
 was adorned and str-e ulhcned with sixty lowers. 
 Fourteen tower-; rested o'i the middle wall. The 
 outside one (most remarkable for its workman 
 ship) was secured with ninety towers. 
 
 The tower Psephinos, was most celebrated. 
 It was seventy cubits high ; had eight angles ; 
 a iid commanded a most beautiful prospect. Here 
 the visitor might (in a clear atmosphere) delight 
 himself with a view of the Mediterranean, forty 
 miles to the west ; and of most of the Jewish do 
 minions. Some of these towers were nearly 
 ninety cubits in height; and famous for their 
 beauty, elegance and curiosities. They were 
 built of white marble ; and had the appearance 
 of vast marble blocks. These huge piles gave to 
 the city, in the view of the adjacent country, a 
 most majestic appearance. 
 
 Near the most lofty of these towers stood the 
 royal palace, of the most commanding elegance. 
 Incredible cost had furnished its pillars, porticoes, 
 galleries, and apartments. Its gardens, groves, 
 fountains, aqueducts, and walks, presented -the 
 richest and most delightful scenery. This was the 
 beauty and elegance of the north side of Jem* 
 salem. 
 
 On the east side stood the temple, and the fort 
 of Antonio, over against Mount Olivet. This 
 fort was built on a rock of fifty feet in height, and 
 of inaccessible steepness, overlaid with slabs of 
 marble. The castle of Antonio stood in the 
 centre of this fortress. The workmanship of this 
 castle made it more resemble a palace, than -a 
 
castle. A tower adorned each square of this 
 fortress ; one of which was seventy cuhits high, 
 and commanded a full view of the temple. 
 
 The temple was, in many respects, the most 
 astonishing fabric ever heheld. Its site was part 
 ly on a solid rock, originally steep on every side. 
 The lower temple had a foundation of vast di 
 mensions, said to he three hundred cuhits from 
 its lowest base. This foundation was composed 
 of stones sixty feet in length; and the lower 
 part of the superstructure was composed of 
 stones of solid white marble, more than sixty 
 feet long ; and seven by nine feet in bigness. 
 Four furlongs compassed the whole pile of build 
 ing ; which was one hundred cubits high ; with 
 one hundred and sixty pillars, to afford both sup 
 port and ornament. 
 
 In the front were spacious, and lofty galleries, 
 with cedar wainscot, resting on uniform rows of 
 white marble columns. Josephus asserts that 
 nothing could exceed the exterior part of this 
 house of God, for exquisite workmanship and 
 gancc. Its solid plates of gold seemed to strive 
 to out-dazzle the rising sun. The parts of the 
 building not covered with gold, had, at a distance, 
 the appearance of pillars of snow, or white 
 marble mountains. And the grandeur of the in 
 ternal workmanship of this magnificent dome, 
 did not fail of being fully equal to its external 
 magnificence. Nothing superb, costly, or ele 
 gant was spared. The different parts of the 
 world had seemed to vie with each other, to pour 
 their most costly treasures into this wonderful trea 
 sury of Heaven. The lower story was decorated 
 with the sacred furniture, the table of shew bread, 
 altar of incense, and the candlestick of pure 
 Veiiten ^old. The altar and table were overlaid 
 
10 
 
 with pure gold. Several doors of the sanctuary 
 were fifty-five cubits in height, and sixteen in 
 breadth, overlaid also with gold. The richest 
 Babylonian tapestry, of purple, blue and scarlet,, 
 and of exquisite workmanship, waved within these 
 doors. Golden vines, with leaves and clusters 
 of grapes of gold, were suspended from the ceil 
 ing live or six feet, of curious workmanship. The 
 temple had a huge eastern gate of pure Corin 
 thian brass, a metal in the highest esteem. It 
 would be a task to enumerate all the foldings of 
 golden doors in the chambers ; carved works, 
 paintings and gildings ; vessels of gold; scarlet, 
 violet, and purple sacerdotal vestments ; and all 
 the incalculable piles of riches, in this temple of 
 Jehovah. The most precious stones, spices, 
 and perfumes ; every thing that nature, art. or 
 riches could furnish, were stored within those 
 stupendous and hallowed walls. Here were the 
 e?///, and temple to be destroyed, for the infidelity, 
 malice, hypocrisy, and persecution of the Lord of 
 glory, (in himself, and his followers,) which cha 
 racterized its rulers and people. Here a measure 
 of unprecedented atrociousness, was just filled 
 up ; which should bring down wrath upon them 
 to the uttermost. 
 
 This tremendous ruin, our Lord foretold, and 
 fulfilled. 
 
 The last noted entrance into Jerusalem of Him, 
 who was God manifest in the flesh, took place on 
 the Monday before the scene of his sufferings. 
 Amidst the acclamation of multitudes he was hail 
 ed King of Zion, with every token of joy and 
 praise. The air rang again with their praises, 
 uttered for all the mighty works they had seen. 
 They sang, Hosanna! Blessed be the King that 
 cometli in the name of the Lord! Peace in hcav- 
 
11 
 
 en ; and glory in the highest. Our Lord (supe 
 rior to all their adulation, and knowing how soon 
 the hosannas of some of them would turn to, 
 " Crucify him;" and being touched with sym 
 pathy and pity for a devoted city, now going to 
 till up their guilty measure of iniquity) "beheld 
 the c>':j. mi'! wept over it." He sa>d ; "If thou 
 .nvn, even thou, in this thy day, the 
 thii ' :':; to thy veace ! but now they 
 
 six ; 'or the : :- i; -.hall corne 
 
 when i; ch ;-',u;<t 
 
 thee, and ce. ee ia 
 
 On rvery ^ii.e : a.ui sl-.;i i , . .; the 
 
 groajd, and tiv clu'drm v , _.,.., tiiey 
 
 shall not leave thee one stone 'pan another; 
 because thou knewcst not tht time of thy visita 
 tion." Tue day but one alter, Christ went kto 
 the temple for the last time, to instruct the peo 
 ple. While he was thus employed, the hi^h 
 priest, elders, Herodians, Sadducees, and Phari 
 sees, gathered in turn around him, with a mali 
 cious view, to entangle him in his talk. Christ 
 returned such answers, spake such parables, and 
 set home such reproof and conviction to their 
 souls, as not only to astonish and silence them; 
 but to give them some awful prelibation of the fi 
 nal judgment, which awaited them at his bar. 
 He thus, in a most free and pungent address to 
 the disciples, administered the most dignified and 
 keen reproofs for the cruelty, hypocrisy and pride 
 of the Scribes and Pharisees. He foretold the 
 malicious treatment the disciples would meet 
 with at their hands ; and then denounced the 
 vengeance on that falling city, which for ages 
 their crimes had been accumulating. He fore 
 warned that this cup of divine indignation should 
 be poured on that generation. His tender feeling* 
 
12 
 
 of soul then melted in a most moving apos 
 trophe : u O Jerusalem, Jerusalem ! thou that 
 killest the prophets, and ^stonest them that arc 
 gent unto thee ! How often would I have gather 
 ed thy children together, even as a hen gathereth 
 her chickens under her wings ; and ye would 
 not ! Behold, your honse is left unto you deso 
 late. For 1 say unto you, ye shall not see me 
 henceforth, till ye shall say, " Blessed is lie that 
 cometh in the name of the Lord.'' Upon this 
 our Saviour left the temple. The disciples took 
 an occasion to speak to Christ of the magnificence 
 of the sacred edifice ; how it was adorned with 
 goodly stones and gifts. 'Blaster, (said they,) see 
 what manner of stones and buildings are here." 
 " Jesus said unto them ; See ye not all these 
 things ? Verily, I say unto you, there shall not 
 be left here one stone upon another, tha't shall 
 not he thrown down." How very unlikely must 
 such an event have seemed ! But it was indeed 
 fulfilled upon that generation. 
 
 Jesus and his disciples retired to the mount of 
 Olives. Here the temple rose before them in all 
 its majestic elegance. The surrounding scenery 
 naturally suggested the conversation which fol 
 lowed. The disciples petitioned ; " Tell us, 
 when shall these things be ? and what shall be 
 the sign when all these things shall be fulfilled ?" 
 Their minds seem to have been impressed with 
 the preceding discourse ; and they fell most 
 readily upon the same subject, and wished to 
 know when such awful events should come ; and 
 what warnings should announce their approach. 
 Our Lord replied : " Take heed that no man de 
 ceive you; for many shall come in my iiame, 
 saying, I am Christ; and siiall deci-lv i ; 
 As though he had' said : This shall be one t 
 
13 
 
 token of the event, both as my denunciations re 
 late to a primary accomplishment in the destruc 
 tion of Jerusalem ; and to a more general and 
 dreadful fulfilment in the destruction of Antichrist 
 in the last days. Impostors shall abound. False 
 revisionists shall deceive and ruin many. This 
 was fulfilled in relation to Jerusalem. Not long 
 after Chri.-i/s ascension, the Samaritan Dositheus 
 appeared and declared himself the Messiah 
 predicted by Moses. Simon Magns also declar 
 ed himself ; ' the Great power of God." Soon af 
 ter, another impostor appeared from the mongrel 
 Samaritans. The church has ever been annoy 
 ed by such kind of Samaritans, who have ever 
 been fruitful in vile impostors, crying " Lo, here: 
 and lo, there.'' This impostor promised to ex 
 hibit to the people sacred utensils said to be cle- 
 ported by Moses in Mount Gerazim. Here a 
 new decision must be given from heaven, to the 
 question between the Jews and Samaritans, as 
 to the place of worship ; a thing of which schis 
 matics have ever been exceedingly fond ; to de 
 rive some new light upon their party question di 
 rectly from above ; as though decisions already 
 given were insufficient, 
 
 Armed multitudes sallied forth to follow this 
 Messiah, confident their Great Deliverer had at 
 last made his appearance. But Pilate, the Ro 
 man governor, checked their fanaticism with the 
 sword, and put their fancied Messiah to death. 
 
 Another impostor, Theudas, arose. He had 
 the address to persuade multitudes to follow him 
 into the wilderness, under his promise that he 
 would cause the river Jordan to divide. The 
 Roman procurator, Fadus, with a troop of horse, 
 pursued them ; slew the impostor, and many oth 
 ers ; and dispersed the faction. Deceivers., un- 
 
M 
 
 der (be government of Felix, were multiplied, 
 leading off people into the wilderness under the 
 promise and fanatical expectation that they 
 should there see signs and wonders. The old 
 Serpent often leads fanatical people into wilder 
 nesses of error and delusion, under similar ex 
 pectations. The vigilant age of the Roman 
 governor rested on these impostors, and was sure 
 to frustrate their designs, as oft as they appeared. 
 In the year 55, arose a notable Egyptian im 
 postor, named Felix. Thirty thousand followed 
 him, under the persuasion that from mount Oli 
 vet they should see the walls of Jerusalem fall to 
 the ground at his command, for their easy cap 
 ture of the Roman garrison there ; and their tak 
 ing possession of Jerusalem. They were attack 
 ed by the Roman governor : four hundred were 
 slain : and the rest dispersed. The Egyptian 
 impostor escaped for his life. In the year GO, an 
 other pretended Messiah appeared, engaging to 
 break the Roman yoke, if they would follow him 
 into the wilderness ; but the deceiver and his 
 followers soon fell a sacrifice to the vigilance of 
 Festus, the governor. It would he loo unwieldy 
 to mention all the vile impostors of this peri 
 od. They were a just retribution of righteous 
 Heaven upon the Jews, for having rejected and 
 put to death the true Messiah : and they fulfill 
 ed the warning of our Lord, of a host of deceiv 
 ers at that period. How prone are men to court 
 deception. Christ had said to the Jews, 'I am 
 come in my Father's name, and ye receive me 
 not. if another should come in his own name, 
 him will ye receive.' This was fulfilled : and 
 not only then, but in every age to this day. Those 
 who give the best evangelical evidence of their 
 being ambassadors of Christ, many will reject; 
 
15 
 
 while the confident and noisy claims of egotists 
 are by them fully allowed. " As in water face 
 answers to face ; so the heart of man to man." 
 
 Oar Lord proceeds : " And ye shall hear of 
 wars, and rumours of wars : see that ye be not 
 troubled : for all these things shall come to pass; 
 but the end is not yet. For nation shall rise a- 
 gainst nation ; and kingdom against kingdom ; 
 and great earthquakes shall be in divers places, 
 and famines, and pestilences; all these are the 
 beginning of sorrows." 
 
 The portentous thunders of wars and rumours 
 of wars may be said to have occupied most of the 
 time froai the death of our Saviour, to the destruc 
 tion of Jerusalem. The historic pages, which 
 treat of these times, are stained with blood. A 
 war between Herod and Aretas, king of Arabia, 
 opened the bloody scene, after a short season of 
 peace. In Selucia the Greeks and Syrians rose 
 against the Jews, who fled thither from the pes 
 tilence in Babylon, and slew 50,000 of them. 
 Five years after, the Jews in Perea, and people 
 of Philadelphia, contended about the limits of a 
 city ; when many of the Jews were slain. Four 
 years after this, an insult being offered to the 
 Jews within the precincts of the temple, by a 
 Roman soldier ; and being violently resented ; a 
 Roman force rushed upon them ; which so terri 
 fied the Jews, that they fled in vast disorder ; 
 and 1 0,000 of them lost their lives in the streets. 
 After another four years, the Jews ravaged the 
 country of the Samaritans, in consequence of 
 their having murdered a Galilean, who was going 
 to keep the passover. Many were slain. Soon 
 after, a contention arose between the Jews iu 
 Cesarea and the Syrians, relative to the govern 
 ment of Csar@a. In the firat encouuter more 
 
1C 
 
 than 20,000 Jews were slain. This contention 
 raged in many cities where the Jews and Syrians 
 dwelt ; and mutual slaughter prevailed. And in 
 live other cities the carnage among the Jews waa 
 dreadful. At Damascus 10,000 Jews were slain 
 in one hour. And at Scythopdis 13,000 were 
 nlain in one night. In Alexandria the Jews rose 
 upon the Romans ; and had 50,000 of their peo 
 ple slain, without any regard to infancy or age. 
 Soon after, in a contention at Totapata, 40,000 
 Jovr- ;)"ri 's'd. These contentions rose and in 
 creased, till ihe whole Jewish nation took up 
 arms against the Romans, and brought on thcm- 
 .-> their linal destruction. Thus the predic 
 tion of our Saviour quoted, received in those days 
 a striking primary fulfilment. 
 
 Our Saviour added : " And great earthquakes 
 be in divers places," These significant 
 loo. were accomplished in those dr. NS. 
 ;< recorded by Tacitus ; one at Rome in 
 ^ii of Claudius ; another at Apamea, in 
 Syria , where were many Jews. So destructive 
 : ::i> one at the latter place, that the tribute 
 he Romans, was for live years remitted, 
 terrific at Crete ; one at Smyrna ; 
 one ai ( Chios, and one at Samos; 
 
 'laces Jews dwelt. These are no- 
 .i!ji?(ratus. Soon after, in the reign of 
 i'acitus and Eusebius inform, that 
 d Colosse, as well as Lacdicea, 
 were overthrown by earthquakes* Another is 
 noted at Rome ; one at Campania ; and others 
 tremendous are mentioned as taking place at Je- 
 !cm in the night, just before the commence- 
 nu.iit of the last siege of that city. Of tlux; Jo-* 
 sephus gives the following account : " A 1 . 
 storm bursi on them, during the ni^Jit 
 
17 
 
 winds arose, with most excessive rains, with con 
 stant lightning, most tremendous thunders, and 
 dreadful roarings of earthquakes. It seemed as 
 if the system of the world had been confounded 
 for the destruction of mankind. And one mudit 
 well conjecture that these were signs of no com 
 mon event." 
 
 The famines predicted by Christ were like 
 wise fulfilled. The one foretold by Agabus, no 
 ted in the Acts of the Apostles, was dreadful, and 
 of long continuance. It extended through 
 Greece and Italy : but was most severely felt at 
 Judea, and especially at Jerusalem. The con 
 tributions noted as brought by Paul from abroad, 
 to relieve the poor brethren there, were sent 
 during this sore famine. Authors of that time 
 mention two other famines in the empire, previ 
 ous to the one occasioned by the siege of Jerusa 
 lem. 
 
 "Pestilences" too, the Saviour adds. Two in 
 stances of this signal judgment took place before 
 the last Jewish war. The one took place at 
 Babylon, where many Jews resided ; the other 
 at Rome, which swept off vast multitudes. Oth 
 er lighter instances of this calamity occurred, in 
 various parts of the empire ; as both Tacitus and 
 Suetonius record. 
 
 Our Lord also adds : " And fearful sights and 
 great signs shall there be from heaven." Jose- 
 plms (who can never be suspected of wishing to 
 favour any prediction of Christ ; and who proba^ 
 bly knew not of any such prediction, when he 
 wrote,) gives accounts of events, iwhich strikingly 
 answer to this premonition. Speaking of the in 
 fatuation of his countrymen, in running after im 
 postors, while they neglected the plainest admo 
 nitions from heaven ; he gives account of the 
 seven following events : 
 
18 
 
 1 . He says ; " On the 8th of the month Zanthi- 
 cus, (before the feast of unleavened bread,) at the 
 ninth hour of the night, there shone round about 
 the altar, and the circumjacent buildings of the 
 temple, a light equal to the brightness of the 
 day ; which continued for the space of half an 
 hour." 
 
 2. " About the sixth hour of the night, (says 
 Josephus,) the eastern gate of the temple was 
 found to open without human assistance." This 
 gate was of solid brass ; and so large and heavy, 
 as to require twenty men to close it. And Jose 
 phus says, "it was secured by iron bolts and bars, 
 that were let down into a large threshold consisting 
 of one entire stone." The Jews themselves con 
 cluded, from the miraculous nature of this event, 
 that the security of their temple had fled. When 
 the procurator was informed of this event, he sent 
 a band of men to close the door ; who with great 
 difficulty executed their orders. 
 
 3. Again, the same celebrated Jewish author 
 says : "At a subsequent feast of Pentecost, while 
 the pivsts were going by night into the inner tem 
 ple, to perform their customary ministrations, 
 they first felt (as they said,) a shaking, accom 
 panied by an indistinct murmuring ; and after 
 wards voices as of a multitude, saying in a dis 
 tinct and earnest manner : " Let us depart 
 hence." How striking was this miraculous pre 
 monition. It commenced with a shaking ; to 
 oill and fix the attention of these Jewish priests. 
 Then was heard an indistinct murmur. This 
 would make them listen with all possible heed. 
 Then they heard the distinct voices, as of a mul 
 titude in great earnestness and haste ; " Let m 
 depart hence /" And their last f'ytal war with the 
 Romans commenced before the next season for 
 celebrating this feast. 
 
19 
 
 4i Another sign was the following. The 
 same author says : " A meteor, resembling a 
 sword, hung over Jerusalem, during one whole 
 year." Tfris could not have been a comet, for 
 it was stationary a whole year, and seems, from 
 the words of Josephus, to have been much near 
 er than a comet, and appeared to be appropria 
 ted to that city. This reminds one of the sword 
 of the destroying angel, stretched out over Jeru 
 salem, I. Chro. 21, xvi. This stationary posi 
 tion of the sword for a year, was a lively indica 
 tion that the impending ruin was fatal. 
 
 5. Josephus says again : "As the high priests 
 were leading a heifer to the altar to be sacrificed, 
 she brought forth a lamb in the midst of the tem 
 ple." Most striking rebuke to those infidel 
 priests who had rejected the Lamb of God, who 
 had shed his blood once for all, and abrogated 
 the Levitical sacrifices ; which yet they were 
 impiously continuing. This wonder was exhib 
 ited in the temple, the type of the body of Christ, 
 and at the passover, when at a preceding passo- 
 ver Jesus was arrested and sacrificed ; and it 
 took place before the high priests and their at 
 tendants ; so that they could never complain fop 
 want of evidence of the fact. 
 
 6. This author says : " Soon after the feast of 
 the passover, in various f>arts of the country, be 
 fore the setting of the sun, chariots and armed 
 men were seen in the air passing round about 
 Jerusalem." This strange sight occurring be 
 fore sunset, and being seen in various parts of 
 the country, must have been a miraculous por 
 tent ; a sign from heaven. The Jews had said, 
 '- What sign showest thou, that we may see and 
 believe." Now they had their signs in abun- 
 j yet they would not believe. 
 
2(3 
 
 7. The last and most fearful sign Josephns re? 
 lates ; that one Jesus, son of Ananus, a rustic of 
 the lower class, appeared in the temple at the feast 
 of tabernacles, and suddenly exclaimed, "A voice 
 from the east a voice from the west a voice 
 from the four winds a voice against Jerusalem 
 and the temple a voice against the bridegrooms 
 and the brides a voice against the whole peo 
 ple /" These words he continued to exclaim 
 through the streets of Jerusalem by day and by 
 night, with no cessation (unless what was needed 
 for the support of nature) for seven years / He 
 commenced in the year 63, while the city was in 
 peace and prosperity, and terminated his excla 
 mations only in his death, amidst the horrors of 
 the siege in the year 70. This strange thing, 
 when it commenced, soon excited great atten 
 tion ; and this Jesus was brought before Albinus, 
 the Roman governor, who interrogated him, but 
 could obtain no answer except the continuation 
 of his woes. He commanded him to be scourg 
 ed, but to no effect. During times of festivals, 
 this cry of his was peculiarly loud and urgent. 
 After the commencement of the siege, he ascen 
 ded the walls, and in a voice still more tremen 
 dous than ever, he exclaimed, " Wo, wo to this 
 city, this, temple, and this people /" And he then 
 added, (for the first time for the seven years,) 
 " Wo, wo to myself 7" The words were no soon 
 er uttered, than a stone from a Roman machine 
 without the walls, struck him dead on the spot ! 
 
 Such were the signs in the heavens and in the 
 earth, which just preceded the destruction of Je 
 rusalem. Several of them are recorded by Ta- 
 oitus as well as by Josephus. The veracity of Jo- 
 sephus as a historian is probably allowed by all. 
 Scaliger affirms that he deserves more credit as 
 
21 
 
 a writer, than all the Greek and Roman histori 
 ans put together. 
 
 From the conquest of Jerusalem by Pornpey, 
 sixty years before Christ, the Jews repeatedly 
 had exhibited a most rebellious spirit against the 
 Romans. The Jews had basely said to Pilate, 
 concerning Christ, " If thou let this man go, thoa 
 art not a friend to Caesar." But the fact was, 
 they persecuted Christ because he would not 
 erect a temporal throne in opposition to Csesar. 
 Any impostor who seemed prepared to do this, 
 they were ready to follow ; and were ready to 
 improve every apparent occasion to evince their 
 decided hostility to the Romans. And they 
 hardly needed a prophet's eye to discern that 
 this spirit and conduct (manifested on all occa- 
 -} would soon draw against them the Roman 
 sword. 
 
 Judas, a Caulonite, and Sadduc. a Pharisee, 
 had rallied the Jews with the idea that their pay 
 ing tribute to the Romans would not fail to con 
 firm them in the most abject slavery ; in conse 
 quence ef which, their enmity often burst forth 
 with malignant violence. Tumults and riots ';.- 
 creased, arid Florus, the F.oaiaii governor of Ju- 
 
 dea, by his crUel exactioi 
 amorte the Jews. Eleazei 
 
 s, increased this spirit 
 , son of the high priest, 
 
 persuaded the officers of the temple to reject the 
 offerings of foreigners, and to withhold publick 
 prayers for them. The Roman government felt 
 the insult ; and a basis was scon found to be laid 
 for a Roman war! Feuds and contentions in 
 creased in Judea, till Cestius Callus marched an 
 army thither from Syria to restore order. His 
 march was i^arke'- with blood arid desolation. 
 The city of ZebuTon, Joppa. and other villages 
 in his way, he plundered and burned. Ei^ht 
 
22 
 
 thousand four hundred of the inhabitants of the 
 former place, he slew. The district of Narba- 
 tene he laid waste, and slew two thousand of the 
 Jews in Galilee ; reduced the city of Lydda to 
 ashes, and drove the Jews, (who made desperate 
 sallies upon him) till he encamped within a hun 
 dred miles of the capital. Soon after, he enter 
 ed Jerusalem, and burned some part of the city. 
 But through the treachery of his own officers, he 
 made an unexpected flight. The enraged Jewt 
 pursued him, and slew about sixty thousand of 
 his men. Many of the rich Jews, alarmed at the 
 Roman invasion, fled from Jerusalem, as from a 
 foundering ship. Some suppose many of the 
 Christians now fled to a place called Fella in the 
 mountains of Judea. 
 
 Nero being informed of the defeat of Cestius, 
 gave the command to Vespasian to press the war 
 a.^ainil the rebellious Jews. lie and his son 
 Titus soon collected an army of sixty thousand 
 men. In A. D. 67, he marched from Ptolemais 
 to Judea, marking hi* steps with ravages and 
 desolation. Ink r< 3 t\nd age fell before the fu 
 rious soldiery. A>1 the strong towns of Galilee, 
 and many of those of Judea fell before the vic 
 torious arms of Vespasian, who slew not les 
 than one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants. 
 Signal vengeance was taken on Joppa, which 
 had in part been rebuilt, after it had been by 
 Cestius reduced to ashes. Vespasian was enra 
 ged at the frequent piracies of this people. The 
 Jews of this place fleeing before him, betook 
 themselves to their shipping. But a furious 
 tempest overtook those who stood out to sea, 
 who were lost. The others were dashed vessel 
 against vessel, or against the rocks. Some in 
 their distress laid violent hands on themselves. 
 
23 
 
 Such as reached the shore were slain by the en 
 raged Romans. The sea for some distance was 
 stained with their blood: four thousand two hun 
 dred were strewed along their coasts, and not 
 one- escaped to relate their catastrophe. Truly 
 this was " distress of their nation, with the sea 
 and the waves thereof roaring !" 
 
 Vespasian returned from Jericho to Caesarea, 
 to prepare for a grand siege of Jerusalem. Here 
 he received intelligence of the death of the em 
 peror Nero. This led him to suspend for the 
 present, the execution of his plan against the 
 Jews. This respite to that devoted people con 
 tinued about two years, and but encouraged 
 them to deeds of greater enormity. 
 
 A spirit of faction now appeared in Jerusalem. 
 Two parties first, and afterwards three, raged 
 there ; each contending with deadly animosity 
 for the precedency. A part of one of these fac 
 tions having been excluded from the city, enter 
 ed it by force during the night; and to such mad 
 ness were they abandoned, that they butchered 
 (on that fatal night) not less than eight thousand 
 h've hundred of men, women and children, whose 
 mangled bodies appeared the next morning 
 strewed in the streets of Jerusalem. These 
 abandoned murderers plundered in the city; 
 murdered the high priests, Ananus and Jesus, 
 and insulted their dead bodies. They slew their 
 brethren of Jerusalem, as though they had been 
 wild animals. The} 7 scourged and imprisoned 
 the nobles, in hopes to terrify them to become of 
 their party; and many who could not be thus won, 
 they slew. In this reign of terror, twelve thou 
 sand of the higher orders of the people thus per 
 ished ; and no relative dared to shed a mourning 
 tear, lest this should bring on him a similar fate. 
 
24 
 
 Accusation and death became the most common 
 events. Mciny fled, who were intercepted and 
 slain. Piles of their carr^-es Inv on publick 
 roads ; and all pity, as v,v!l :i.- iv;.-;rd i'or human 
 or divine authority, seemed extinguished. 
 
 To add to the horrid calami Lies of the times, 
 occasioned by the bloody factions, Judea was in 
 fested by bands of robbers and murderers, plun 
 dering their towns and cutting in pieces such as 
 made any resistance, whether men, women or 
 children. Here were exhibited thi; most horrid 
 pictures of what fallen man is capable of perpe 
 trating when restraints are taken olf; that they 
 would turn their own. towns and societies into 
 scenes of horror, like kenncJs of mad animals. 
 
 One Simon became cemmandcr of one of the/ e 
 factions; John of another. Simon entered Je 
 rusalem at the head of forty thousand banditti. 
 A third faction rose, and discord blazed witli ter- 
 rifick fury. The three factions were intoxicated 
 with rage and desperation, who went on slaying 
 and trampling on piles of. the dead, with an in 
 describable fury. People coining to the temple 
 to worship, were murdered, both natives and for 
 eigners. Their bodies lay in piles, and a collec 
 tion of blood defiled the sacred courts. 
 
 John of Gischala. heaJ of a faction, burned a 
 store of provisions. Sisron, at the head of an 
 other faction, burned another. Thus the .lows 
 were wen' destroying themselves, u< :d 
 
 preparing the way for "wrath to come upon 
 them to the uttermost." 
 
 In the midst of these most dismal events, an 
 alarm was made that a Roman army was ap 
 proaching the city ! Vespasian becoming empe 
 ror, and learning the factious and horrid state of 
 the Jews, determined to proseeule th;*. war 
 
asa hist them, and sent his son Thus to reduce 
 Jerusalem and Judea. The Jews, on hearing of 
 the approach of the Roman army, were petrified 
 with horror. They could have no hope of peace. 
 They had no means of flight. They had no time 
 for counsel. They had no confidence in each 
 other. What could he done ? Several things 
 they possessed in abundance. They had a meas 
 ure of iniquity filled up ; a full ripeness for des 
 truction. All seemed wild disorder and despair. 
 Nothing could he imagined but "the confused 
 noise of the warrior, and garments rolled in 
 blood." They knew nothing was their due from 
 the Romans, but exemplary vengeance. The 
 ceaseless cry of combatants, and the horrors of 
 faction, had induced some to desire the interven 
 tion of a foreign foe, to give them deliverance 
 from their domestick horrors. Such was the state 
 of Jerusalem when Titus appeared before it 
 with a besieging army. But he came not to de 
 liver it from its excruciating tortures ; but to ex 
 ecute upon it divine vengeance ; to fulfil the fa 
 tal predictions of our Lord Jesus Christ, that 
 " when ye see the abomination of desolation 
 standing in the holy place when ye see Jerusa 
 lem compassed about with armies, then know 
 that the desolation thereof is nigh.'' " Where 
 soever the carcass is, there shall the eagles be 
 gathered together." Jerusalem was now the 
 carcass to be devoured ; the Roman eagles had 
 arrived to tear it as their prey. 
 
 The day on which Titus had encompassed 
 Jerusalem, was the feast of the passover. Here 
 let it be remembered, that it was the time of this 
 feast, (en a preceding occasion) that Christ was 
 taken, condemned and executed. It was at the 
 time of this feast, that the heifer in the hands of 
 3 
 
2G 
 
 the sacrificing priests, brought forth a lamb. And 
 just after this feast at another time, that the mirac 
 ulous besieging armies were seen over Jerusalem, 
 just before sunset. And now at the time of the 
 passover, the antitype of this prodigy appears in 
 the besieging army of Titus. Multitudes of 
 Jews had convened at Jerusalem from surround 
 ing nations to celebrate this feast. Ah, misera 
 ble people. going with intent to feed on the 
 paschal lamb; but really to their own linal slaugh 
 ter, for rejecting " the Lamb of God who taketh 
 away the sin of the world !" The Jews had 
 imprecated the blood of the true Paschal Lamb, 
 (by them wantonly shed) on themselves and on 
 their children. God was now going in a signal 
 manner to take them at their word. He hence 
 providentially collected their nation, under sen 
 tence of death, as into a great prison, for the day 
 of execution. And as their execution of Christ 
 was signal, low, degrading, the death of the 
 cross ; so their execution should be signal and 
 dreadful. The foiling city was now crowded 
 with little short of two millions of that devoted 
 people. The event came suddenly and unex 
 pectedly to the Jews, as the coming of a thief, 
 and almost like lightning. Josephus notes this; 
 and thus without design, shows the fulfilment of 
 these hints of Christ, that his coming should be 
 like a thief in the night, and like lightning shin 
 ing under the whole heavens. 
 
 The furious contending factions of the Jews, 
 on finding themselves environed with the Ro 
 man armies, laid aside (for the moment) their 
 party contentions, sallied out, rushed furiously 
 on their common foe, and came near utterly de 
 stroying the tenth legion of the Roman army. 
 This panic among the Romans, occasioned a 
 
27 
 
 short suspension of hostilities. Some new con- 
 lidence hence inspired, the hopes of the Jews ; 
 arid they now determined to defend their city. 
 But being a little released from their terrors of 
 the Romans, their factious resentments again re 
 kindled, and broke out in great fury. The fac 
 tion under Eleazer was swallowed up in the oth 
 er two, under John and Simon. Slaughter, con 
 flagration and plunder ensued. A portion of 
 the centre of the city was burned, and the in 
 habitants became as prisoners to the two furious 
 parties. The Romans here saw their own pro 
 verb verified : "Quos Deus vult perdere priiis 
 elemental." "Whom God will destroy, he gives 
 up" to madness." 
 
 The invading armies knew how to profit by 
 the madness of the Jews. They were soon 
 found by the Jews to have possession of the two 
 outer walls of their city : this alarm reached the 
 heart of the factions, and once more united them 
 against the common enemy. But they had al 
 ready proceeded too far to retreat from the ef 
 fects of their madness. Famine, with its ghast 
 ly horrors, stared them in the face. It had (as 
 might be expected) been making a silent ap 
 proach ; and some of the more obscure had al 
 ready fallen before it. But even this did not 
 annihilate the fury of faction, which again re 
 turned with redoubled fury, and presented new 
 scenes of wo. As the famine increased, the suf 
 ferers would snatch bread from each other's 
 mouths, and devour their grain unprepared. To 
 discover handfuls of food, tortures wcie inflicted. 
 Food was violently taken by husbands from 
 wives, and wives from husbands ; and even by 
 mothers from their famishing infants. The breast 
 itself was robbed from the famishing suckling, as 
 
our Lord denounced : "Wo to them that give 
 j-uck in those days." 
 
 This terror produced a new scene of righteous 
 retribution. Multitudes of the Jews were forc 
 ed by hunger to flee to the enemy's camp. Here 
 instead of pitying and relieving them, the Ro 
 mans cut off the hands of many, and sent them 
 hack ; but most of them they crucified as fast as 
 they could lay their hands on them ; till wood 
 was wanting for crosses, and space on which to 
 erect them ! Behold here thousands of those des 
 pairing Jews suspended on crosses round the 
 walls of Jerusalem ! Verily '"the Lord is known 
 by the judgments that he executeth !" Yea, 
 this did not suffice. Behold two thousand Jews, 
 bad fled to the mercy of their invaders, rip 
 ped open alive (two thousand in one night!) by 
 Arabs and S v 'aiis in the Roman armies, in hopes 
 
 " " *_ . . * +l*~ ae > T 2-- ' ' 
 
 01 imaing golu, wmcn n,c~v. ^^wsnaa \ortneir 
 enemies fancied they had) swallowed to carry off 
 with them ! 
 
 Titus being a merciful general, was touched 
 to the heart at the miseries of the Jews ; and in 
 person he tenderly entreated the besieged to 
 surrender. But all the answer he obtained for 
 u-.mierncss was base revilings. He now re- 
 oivt:d to make thorough work with this obstin 
 ate people ; and hence surrounded the city with 
 a. circunrvailation of 39 furlongs in length, 
 strengthened with thirteen towers. This, by the 
 astonishing activity of the soldiers, was effected 
 in three days. Then was fulfilled this prediction 
 of our blessed Lord : " Thine enemies shall cast 
 a trench about thee, and keep thce in on every 
 side." 
 
 As the city was now cut ofT from all possible 
 gup plies, famine became more dreadful. Whole 
 
29 
 
 families fell a sacrifice to it; and the dead bodies 
 of women, children, and the aged, were seen 
 covering roofs of houses, and various recesses. 
 Youth and the middle aged appeared like spec 
 tres ; and fell many of them dead in publick pla 
 ces. The dead became too numerous to be in 
 terred. Many died while attempting to perform 
 this office. So great and awful became the ca 
 lamities, that lamentation ceased ; and an awful 
 silence of despair overwhelmed the city. But 
 all this failed of restraining the more abandoned 
 from most horrid deeds. They took this oppor 
 tunity to rob the tombs ; and with loud infernal 
 laughter, to strip the dead of their habiliments 
 of death; and would try the edge of their swords 
 on dead bodies ; and on some while yet breath 
 ing. Simon Georas now vented his rage against 
 Matthias, the high priest, and his three sons. 
 He caused them to be condemned, as though fa 
 vouring the Romans. The father asked the fa 
 vour to be first executed ; and not sec the death 
 of his sons ; but the malicious Simon reserved 
 him for the last execution. And as he was ex 
 piring he put the insulting question, whether the 
 Romans could now relieve him ? 
 
 Things being thus, one Mannaeus, a Jew, es 
 caped to Titus, and informed him of the consum 
 mate wretchedness of the Jews : that in less 
 than three months one hundred and fifteen thou 
 sand and eight hundred dead bodies of Jews had 
 been conveyed through one gate, under his care 
 and register; and he assured him of the ravages 
 of famine and death. Other deserters confirmed 
 the account, and added, that not less than six- 
 hundred thousand dead bodies of Jews had been 
 carried out at different gates. The humane 
 heart of Titus was deeply affected ; who, under 
 3* 
 
30 
 
 those accounts, and while surveying the piles of 
 dead bodies of Jews under the walls, and in the 
 visible parts of the city, raised his eyes and hands 
 to heaven in solemn protestation, that he would 
 have prevented these dire calamities ; that the 
 obstinate Jews had procured them upon their 
 own heads. 
 
 Josephus, the Jew, now earnestly entreated 
 the leader John and his brethren to surrender to 
 the Romans, and thus save the residue of the 
 Jews. But he received in return nothing but 
 insolent reproaches and imprecations ; John de 
 claring his lirm persuasion that God would never 
 suffer his own city, Jerusalem, to be taken by 
 the enemy! Alas, had he forgotten the history of 
 his own nation, and the denunciations of "the 
 prophets ? Micah had foretold that in this very 
 calamity they would presumptuously "lean upon 
 the Lord, and say, Is not the Lord among us ? 
 No evil shall come upon us." So blind and 
 presumptuous are hypocrisy and self-confidence! 
 " The temple of the Lord, the temple of the 
 Lord, the temple of the Lord, are these." 
 
 The famine in the city became (as might be 
 expected) still more deadly. For want of food 
 the Jews ate their belts, sandals, skins of their 
 shields, dried grass, and even ordure of cattle. 
 JVbav it was that a noble Jewess, urged by the in 
 sufferable pangs of hunger, slew and prepared for 
 food her own infant child! She had eaten half 
 the horrible preparation, when the smell of food 
 brought in a hoard of soldiery, who threatened 
 her with instant death, if she did not produce to 
 them the food she had in possession. She being 
 thus compelled to obey, produced the remaining 
 half of her child ! The soldiers stood aghast, 
 : the recital petrified the hearers with horror: 
 
31 
 
 and congratulations were poured on those whose 
 eyes death had closed upon such horrid scenes. 
 Humanity seems ready to sink at the recital 
 of the woful events of that day. No words can 
 reach the horrors of the situation of the female 
 part of the community at that period. Such 
 scenes force upon our recollection the tender 
 pathetic address of our Saviour to the pious fe 
 males, who followed him, going to the cross : 
 " Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me; but 
 weep for yourselves and for your children ; for 
 behold the days are coming, in which they shall 
 say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that 
 never bare, and the breasts that never gave 
 suck." Moses had long predicted this verj 
 scene. "The tender and delicate woman among 
 you, (said he,) who would not venture to set the 
 sole of her foot on the ground for delicateness ; 
 her eye shall be evil towards her young one, and 
 toward her children, which she shall bear ; for 
 she shall eat them, for want of all things secret 
 ly in the siege and straitness wherewith thine en 
 emy shall distress thee in thy gates." Probably 
 the history of the world will not afford a paral 
 lel to this. God prepared peculiar judgments 
 for peculiarly horrid crimes ! " These be the 
 days of vengeance ; that all things that are writ 
 ten may be fullillcd.'' Josephus declares, that 
 if there had not been many credible witnesses of 
 that awful fact, he never would have recorded 
 it ; for, said he, " such a shocking violation of 
 nature never has been perpetrated by any Greek 
 or barbarian." 
 
 While famine thus spread desolation, the Ro 
 mans finally succeeded in removing part of the 
 inner wall, and in possessing themselves of the 
 high and commanding tower of Antonio, which 
 
32 
 
 seemed to overlook the temple. Titus with his 
 council of war had formed a determination to 
 save the temple, to grace his conquest, and re 
 main an ornament to his empire. But God had 
 not so determined. And "though there he ma 
 ny devices in a man's heart ; nevertheless the 
 counsel of the Lord that shall stand." A Ro 
 man soldier violating the general order of Titus, 
 succeeded in hurling a brand of fire into the 
 golden window of the temple ; and soon (as 
 righteous Heaven would have it !) the sacred 
 edifice was in flames. The Jews perceiving 
 this, rushed with horrid outcries to extinguish 
 the fire. Titus too, flew to the spot in his char 
 iot, with his chief officers and legions. With 
 loud command, and every token of anxiety, he 
 enforced the extinguishing of the fire ; but in 
 vain. So great was the confusion, that no atten 
 tion was paid to him. His soldiers, deaf to all 
 cries, assiduously spread the flames far and wide; 
 rushing at the same time on the Jews, sword in 
 hand, slaying and trampling down, or crushing 
 them to death against the walls. Many were 
 plunged into the flames, and perished in the bur 
 ning of the temple. The fury of the Roman 
 soldiers slaughtered the poor, the unarmed, and 
 the rich, as well as men in arms. Multitudes of 
 dead bodies were piled round about the altar, to 
 which they had fled for protection. The way 
 leading to the inner court was deluged with 
 blood. 
 
 Titus finding the fire had not yet reached the 
 inner temple, entered it with his superior offi 
 cers, and surveyed its magnificence with silent 
 admiration. He found it to exceed all lie had 
 heard. This view led him to renew his efforts 
 to save this itupcridous pile of building, though 
 
so many of the out-buildings were gone. Ifc 
 even entreated his soldiers to extinguish the 
 flames, and appointed an officer to punish any 
 who should disobey. But all his renewed ef 
 forts were still in vain. The feelings of his sol 
 diery were utterly unmanageable, launder, re 
 venge, and slaughter had combined to render 
 them deaf and most furious. A soldier succeed 
 ed in firing the door posts of the inner temple, 
 and the conflagration soon became general. 
 
 One needs almost a heart of steel to contem 
 plate the scenes which followed. The trium 
 phant Roman soldiers were in a most ungovern 
 able rage and fury. They were indeed instru 
 ments prepared for their work, to execute the 
 most signal vengeance of Heaven ; the flame of 
 which was now reaching its height ! The Ro- 
 i :::;::: - : 1".V 'jfliro Jev^s ail before them ; sparing 
 neither age, sex or rank. They seemed deter 
 mined to annihilate the Jewish race on the spot. 
 Priests and common people ; those who surren 
 dered, and those who still fought ; all were alike 
 subjects of an indiscriminate slaughter. The 
 fire of the temple at length completely envelop 
 ed the stupendous pile of building. The fury of 
 the flames exceeded description. It impressed 
 on distant spectators an idea that the whole city 
 was in flames. The ensuing disorder and tu 
 mult, Josephus pronounces, to have been such 
 as to baffle description. The outcry of the Ro 
 man legions was as great as they could make. 
 And the Jews finding themselves a prey to the 
 fury of both fire and sword, exerted themselves 
 in the wildest accents of screaming. The peo 
 ple in the city, and those on the hill, mutually 
 responded to each other in groans and screeches. 
 People who had seemed just expiring through 
 
34 
 
 famine, derived new strength from unprecedent 
 ed scenes of horror and death, to deplore their 
 wretchedness. From mountain to mountain, 
 and from places distant, lamentations echoed to 
 each other. 
 
 As the temple was sinking under the fury of 
 the raging element, the mount on which it stood 
 seemed in that part of it, (says the historian) to 
 impress the idea of a lake of liquid fire ! The 
 blood of the slain ran in rivulets. The earth 
 around became covered with the slain ; and the 
 victorious Romans trampled over those piles of 
 the dead, in pursuit of the thousands who were 
 fleeing from the points of their swords. In a 
 word, the roar and crackling of fire ; the shrieks 
 of thousands in despair ; the dying groans of 
 ili-) isands, and the sights which met the eye 
 wherever it was turned, were such as never be 
 fore had any parallel on earth. They probably 
 as much exceeded all antecedent scenes of hor 
 ror ; as the guilt which occasioned them, in 
 their treatment of the Lord of Glory, exceeded 
 all guilt ever before known among men. 
 
 A tragical event had transpired worthy of par 
 ticular detail. Before the temple was wrapped 
 in ilamos, an impostor appeared among the Jews, 
 asserting a divine commission ; and that if the 
 people would follow him to the temple, they 
 would see signs, wonders and deliverance. About 
 six: thousand (mostly women and children) fol 
 lowed him, and were in the galleries of the tem 
 ple, wailing for this promised deliverance, when 
 fire wis set to tint building. Not one escaped. 
 All wore consumed in the conflagration of the 
 sacred edifice ! What multitudes are by false 
 prophets plunged in eternal (ire ! 
 
35 
 
 The place of the temple now presented a vat 
 pile of ruins. Here terminated the glory and 
 existence of this stupendous building, this type 
 of the hody of Christ, and of his church ; this 
 type of the Millenium, and of heaven. Here it 
 reached its close, after the period of one thou 
 sand and thirty years, from the time of its dedi 
 cation by Solomon ; and of six hundred and thir 
 ty-nine years, from its being rebuilt in the days 
 of Haggai, after the seventy years captivity. 
 It is singular, that it should be reduced to ashes 
 not only soon after the feast of the passover t 
 which convened so many thousands of Jews to 
 Jerusalem to meet the ruins of their city and na 
 tion ; but that it should be consumed on the 
 same month, and same day of the month, on 
 which the Babylonians had before destroyed it 
 by fire. 
 
 Josephus records another strking event, which 
 seemed a sign of the destruction of Jerusalem. 
 He says; (addressing the Jews who survived this 
 ruin) " The fountains flow copiously for Titus, 
 which to you were dried up. For before he 
 came, you know that both Siloam, and all the 
 springs without the city, foiled ; so that water 
 was brought by the amphora, (a vessel.) But 
 now they are so abundant to your enemies, as to 
 suffice for themselves and their cattle. This 
 wonder you also formerly experienced, when the 
 king of fiabylon laid siege to your city." 
 
 The priests of the temple, after the destruc 
 tion of their sacred edifice, betook themselves 
 (those who had thus far escaped the general 
 slaughter) to the top of one of its broken walls, 
 where they set mourning and famishing. On the 
 fifth day necessity compelled them to descend, 
 tnd humbly to ask pardon of the Roman general* 
 
3o 
 
 But Titus at this late period rejected their peti 
 tion, trying; "As the temple, for the sake of 
 which 1 would have q-ared you, is destroyed; it 
 is but lit the priests should perish also." All 
 were put to death. 
 
 The obstinate leaders of the great Jewish fac 
 tions, beholding now the desperateness of their 
 cause, desired a conference with Titus. One 
 would imagine they would at least now lay down 
 their arms. Their desiring an interview with 
 the triumphant Roman general, appeared as 
 though they would be glad to do this. But right 
 eous Heaven designed their still greater destruc 
 tion. Titus after all their rnad rebellions, kind 
 ly offered to spare the residue of the Jew.-, if 
 they would now submit. But strange to relate, 
 they refused to comply. The noble general 
 then, as must have been expected, was highly 
 exasperated ; and issued his general order, that 
 he would grant no further pardon to the insur 
 gents. His legions now were ordered to " rav- 
 'ind destroy," With the light of the next 
 ling, arose the tremendous ilame of the cas 
 tle of Antonio, the council chamber, register's 
 oflice, and the noble palace of the queen Helena. 
 These magnificent piles were reduced to ashes. 
 The furious legions, (executioners of divine ven 
 geance, Ezek. ix. 5, 6 ) .then flew through the 
 lower city, of which they soon became masters, 
 slaughtering and burning in every street. The 
 Jews themselves aided the slaughter. \\ t the 
 royal palace, containing vast treasures, ei-iht 
 thousand four hundred Jews were muidercci by 
 their seditious brethren. Great numbers 6f de 
 serters from the furious leaders of faction, flock 
 ed to the Romans : but it was too late. The 
 general order was given, all should be slain. 
 Such therefore fell. 
 
37 
 
 The Roman soldiers, however, being at length 
 weary with butchery, and more than satisried 
 with blood, fora short time sheathed their swords, 
 and betook themselves to plunder. They col 
 lected multitudes of Jews, husbands, wives, 
 children, and servants ; formed a market ; and 
 set them up at vendue for slaves. They sold 
 them for any trifle ; while purchasers were but 
 few. Their law-giver, Moses, had forewarned 
 them of this ; Deut. xxviii. 68 : "And ye shall 
 be sold for bond men, and bond women ; and no 
 man shall buy you." Tremendous indeed must 
 the lot of those be, who reject the Messiah, and 
 are found fignting against the Son of God. Of 
 ten had these Jews heard read (but little it seerns 
 did they understand the senseof the tremendous 
 passage) relativ o to the Jewish rejectors of 
 C!,i'ist, " He that sitteth in the Heavens shall 
 laugh ; the Lord shall have them in derision. 
 Then shall he speak unto them in his wrath, and 
 vex them in his sore displeasure. Yet have I 
 set my king upon my holy hill of Zion. Thou 
 shalt break them with a rod of iron ; thou shalt 
 dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel." 
 " Thus saith the Lord, say, A sword, a sword is 
 sharpened, and also furbished : it is sharpened 
 to make a sore slaughter ; it is furbished that it 
 may glitter; (said God by the prophet, Ezek. xxi. 
 alluding to this very event;) the sword is sharpen 
 ed, and it is furbished to give it into the hand of the 
 slayer. Cry and howl, son of man; smite upon thj 
 thigh; smite thy hands together,and let the sword 
 be doubled a third time ; the sword of the slain. 
 I have set the point of the sword against all their 
 gates, that their hearts may faint, and their ruins 
 be multiplied : Ah, it is made bright! it is wrap 
 ped up for the slaughter." Such, and much 
 4 
 
38 
 
 more, were the divine denunciations of this very 
 scene, which the infidel Jews would not escape, 
 but would incur! And even a merciful God 
 shrunk not from the execution ! Let antichris- 
 tian powers, yea let all intidels and gospel des- 
 pisers, consider this and tremble ! 
 
 The whole lower city, now in the possession 
 of the Roman legions, (after the respite noted,) 
 was set on lire. But the insolence of the devo 
 ted Jews in a part of the higher city, remained 
 unabated. They even insulted and exasperated 
 their enemies, as though afraid the work of ven 
 geance might not be sufficiently executed. 
 
 The Romans brought their engines to operate 
 upon the walls of this higher branch of the city, 
 still standing; which soon gave way before them. 
 Before their demolition, Titus reconnoitred the 
 city, and its fortifications ; and expressed his as 
 tonishment that it should ever fall before his 
 arms. He exclaimed, " Had not God himself 
 aided our operations, and driven the Jews from 
 their fortresses ; it would have been absolutely 
 impossible to have taken them. For what could 
 men and the force of engines have done against 
 such towers as these ?" Yes, unless their Rock 
 had sold them for their iniquities, no enemy 
 could have prevailed against Jerusalem. Jose* 
 phus, who was an eye witness of all the scene, 
 says ; " All the calamities, which ever bcfel any 
 nation, since the beginning of the world, were in 
 ferior to the miseries of the Jews at this awful 
 period." 
 
 The upper city too fell before the victorious 
 
 arms of the Roman conquerors. Titus would 
 
 have spared all, who had not been forward in 
 
 'ing the Romans ; and gave his orders ac- 
 
 ugjy. But his soldiers, callous to ail the 
 
39 
 
 feelings of humanity, slaughtered the aged anft 
 sick, as well as the mass of the people. The tall 
 and most beautiful young men, however, were 
 spared hy Titus to grace his triumph at Rome. 
 Of the rest, many above the age of seventeen, 
 were sent in chains to Egypt, to be disposed of 
 as slaves. Some were reserved to be sacrificed 
 on their amphitheatres, as gladiators; to be slain 
 in sham tights, for the sport of their conquerors. 
 Others were distributed through the empire. 
 All who survived, under the age of seventeen, 
 were exposed for sale. 
 
 The triumphant general commanded what re 
 mained of the city, to be razed to its foundation, 
 except three of the most stately towers, Mariam- 
 ne, Hippocos, and Phasael. These should stand 
 as monuments of the magnificence of the place, 
 and of his victory. A small part of the wall of the 
 city at the west also, he commanded should be 
 spared, as a rampart for his garrison. The oth 
 er parts of the city he wished to have so effec 
 tually erased, as never to be recognized to have 
 been inhabited. The Talmud and Mamonides 
 relate, that the foundations of the temple were 
 so removed, that the site of it was ploughed by 
 Terentius Rufus. Thus our Saviour predicted, 
 that " there should not be left one stone upon 
 another." 
 
 One awful occurrence is noted, as transpiring 
 during these scenes; that eleven thousand Jews, 
 under the guard of one Fronto, a Roman gener 
 al, were (owing to their own obstinacy, and to 
 the scarcity of provisions) literally starved to 
 death ! 
 
 Josephus informs that eleven hundred thou 
 sand Jews perished in this siege of Jerusalem; 
 that two hundred and thirty-seven thousand per- 
 
40 
 
 ished in that last war in other sieges and battles: 
 besides multitudes who perished by famine and 
 pestilence : making a total of at least fourteen 
 hundred thousand. Some hundreds of thou 
 sands, in sullen despair, laid violent hands on 
 themselves. About ninety-seven thousand were 
 captured, and dispersed. Relative to the two 
 great leaders of the Jewish factions, Simon and 
 John ; they were led to Rome, to grace the tri 
 umph of Titus ; after which Simon was scourg 
 ed and executed as a malefactor ; and John was 
 committed for life to dungeon. Thus ended 
 their violent factious contentions. 
 
 The Roman army, before they left Jerusalem, 
 not only demolished the buildings there, but even 
 dug up their foundations. How fatal was the 
 divine judgment on this devoted city. Five 
 months before it was the wonder of the world ; 
 and contained, at the commencement of the siege, 
 more than a million and a half of Jews, natives 
 and visiters ; now* it lay in total ruins, with 
 not "one stone upon- another ;" as Christ had 
 denounced, These ruins Eusebius informs us 
 he beheld. And Eleazer is infestgluced by Jose- 
 phus as exclaiming ; " Where is ''d'ttr. j-reat city, 
 which it was believed God inhabited." The 
 prophet Micah had predicted ; "Therefore shall 
 Zion for your sakes be ploughed as a field, and 
 Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the moun 
 tain of the Lord's house as the high places of the 
 forest." A captain of the army of Titus, did in 
 fact plough where some part of the foundation 
 of the temple had stood, as the Talmud records, 
 and thus fulfilled this prediction. 
 
 Jesus Christ had foretold of this destruction, 
 that " there should be great tribulation, such as 
 was not since the beginning of the world." And 
 
41 
 
 of the event Josephus says ; " If the misfortunes 
 of all nations from the beginning of the world, 
 were compared with those which befel the JCWF, 
 they would appear far less." Again ; "No oili 
 er city ever suffered such things ; as no other 
 generation from the beginning of the world, was 
 ever more fruitful in wickedness." 
 
 Other parts of Judea were still to be subdued. 
 Macherus was attacked. Seventeen hundred 
 Jews surrendered and were slain; also three 
 thousand fugitives taken in the woods of Jardes. 
 Titus at Caesarea celebrated in great splendour 
 the birth day of his brother Domitian. Here a 
 horrid scene, according to the bloody customs of 
 those times, was presented. To grace this oc 
 casion, more than two thousand five hundred 
 Jews fell ; some by burning ; some by fighting 
 with wild beasts ; and some by mutual combat 
 with the sword. 
 
 Massada was besieged. The Jewish com 
 mander, in despair, induced the garrison first to 
 destroy their stores, and then themselves. They 
 (nine hundred and sixty in number) consented 
 to the horrid proposal. Men, women, and chil 
 dren took their seats upon the ground, and offer 
 ed their necks to the sword. Ten men were 
 selected to execute the fatal deed. The dread 
 ful work was done. One of the ten was then 
 chosen to execute the nine, and then himself. 
 The nine being put to death, and fire being set 
 to the place,>the last man plunged his dagger in 
 to his own heart. 
 
 Seven persons, (women and children,) found 
 means to conceal themselves, and escape the 
 ruin. When the Romans approached, these 
 seven related to them these horrid events. 
 
 4* 
 
42 
 
 Most of the remaining places now, through 
 sullca despair, gave up all opposition, and sub 
 mitted to the conquerors. Thus Judea became 
 as a desolate wilderness ; and the following pas 
 sage in Isaiah had at least a primary accomplish 
 ment : " Until the cities be wasted without in 
 habitant; and the houses without man ; and the 
 land be utterly desolate ; and the Lord have re 
 moved man far away, and there be a great for 
 saking in the midst of the land." 
 
 A line of prophecies is found in the sacred or 
 acles, which relate to a signal temporal destruc 
 tion of the most notorious enemies of the king 
 dom of Jesus Christ. Those were to have a 
 two-fold accomplishment ; first upon the Jews ; 
 and secondly upon the great Antichrist of the 
 last days, typified by the infidel Jews. Accord 
 ingly those prophecies in the Old Testament are 
 ever found in close connexion with the Milleni 
 um. The predictions of our Saviour, in Matt, 
 xxiv. Mark xiii. and Luke xxi. are but a new 
 edition of these sacred prophecies. This has 
 been noted, as " the destruction of the city and 
 temple foretold." It is so indeed ; and more. 
 It is also a denunciation of the destruction of the 
 great Antichrist of the last days. The certainty 
 of this will appear in the following things. New 
 Testament writers decide it. The Thessaloni- 
 ans, having heard what our Lord denounced, that 
 all those things he had predicted should take 
 place on that generation ; were trembling with 
 the apprehension, that the coming of Christ pre 
 dicted, would then very soon burst upon the 
 world. Paul writes to them, (2 Thes. ii.) and 
 beseeches them by this coming of Christ, not to 
 be shaken in mind, or troubled with such an ap 
 prehension. For that day, (that predicted conr*- 
 
43 
 
 ing of Christ, as it related to others beside the 
 Jews,) was not to take place on that generation. 
 It was not to come till the Antichnstjan aposta 
 sy come first ; that man of sin was first to be ro 
 vealed. This long apostasy was to be accomplish 
 ed, before the noted coming of Christ in its more 
 important sense be fulfilled. After the Roman 
 government, which hindered the rise of the man 
 of sin, should be taken out of the way, Paul says, 
 " Then shall that wicked one be revealed whom 
 the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his 
 mouth, and destroy with the brightness of his 
 comingS"* Here then is the predicted coming of 
 Christ, in its more interesting sense, in the bat 
 tle of that great day, which introduces the Mil 
 lenium. Here is a full decision that these noted 
 denunciations of Christ alluded more especially 
 (though not primarily) to a coming which is still 
 future. 
 
 The same is decided by Christ himself, in 
 Rev. xvi. After the sixth vial, in the drying up 
 of the Turkish Euphrates, three unclean spirits 
 of devils, like frogs, go forth to the kings of the 
 earth, and of all the world, to gather them to the 
 great battle. The awful account is interrupted 
 by this notice from the mouth of Christ ; verse 
 15, "Behold, I come as a thief. Blessed is he 
 that watcheth and keepeth his garments ; lest he 
 walk naked, and they see his shame." This is 
 as though our Lord should say ; now the time is 
 at hand, to which my predictions of coming as a 
 thief, principally alluded. Now is the time when 
 my people on earth shall need to watch, as I di-* 
 rected, when predicting my coming to destroy 
 first the type of Antiekrist, and secondly the an? 
 titype. 
 
44 
 
 The predictions in the prophets, which re 
 ceived an incipient fulfilment in the destruction 
 of Jerusalem, were to receive a more interesting 
 fulfilment in Christ's coming to destroy his anti- 
 christian foes. Hence it is that the seventh vial 
 is called (Rev. xvi. 14.) "the battle of that great 
 d iv of God Almighty ;" clearly alluding to that 
 great day noted through the prophets. And of the 
 same event it is said, Rev. x. 7 ; " the mysk'rr 
 of God shall he finished, as he hath declared to 
 his servants, the prophets. Here again the al- 
 l-.ision clearly is to the many predictions in the 
 prophets of the destruction of the enemies of 
 Christ's kingdom, which were to receive an in 
 cipient fulfilment in the destruction of Jerusa 
 lem ; and a far more interesting one. in the 
 sweeping from the earth the last antichristian 
 powers, to introduce the millennial kingdom of 
 Christ. We accordingly find those predictions 
 through the prophets clearly alluding to the last 
 days, and the introduction of the Millenium. 
 
 Viewing the destruction of Jerusalem then, as 
 hut a type of an event now pending upon anti- 
 Christian nations, we peruse it with new inter 
 est ; and it must be viewed in the light of a most 
 impressive warning to this age of the world. 
 The factions, madness, and self-ruin of the for 
 mer, give but a lively practical comment upon 
 the various predictions of the latter. Three 
 great and noted factions intrbduced the destruc 
 tion of Jerusalem. And of the destruction of An 
 tichrist we read (perhaps alluding to that very 
 circumstance) Rev. xvi. 19; "And the great 
 city was divided into three parts." Then it fol 
 lows; " and the cities of the nations fell; and 
 great Babylon came in remembrance before God 
 to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierce- j 
 
45 
 
 ness of his wrath." In the desolation of Gog 
 and his bands, faction draws the sword of exter 
 mination. " I will call for a sword against him 
 throughout all my mountains, saith the Lord 
 God ; every man's sword shall be against his 
 brother." Ezek. xxxviii. 21. 
 
 The great coalition against the Jews, in the 
 time of Jehoshaphat, was destroyed by the sword 
 of mutiny and faction : See 2 Chro. xx. And 
 in allusion to this very battle whicli God fought 
 for his church, the vast coalitions of Antichrist, 
 in the last days, when the Jews are restored, is 
 said to be gathered " to the valley of Jehosha 
 phat :" See Joel iii. The various circumstan 
 ces of the destruction of Jerusalem, afford a live 
 ly comment on the many denunciations of the 
 battle of that great day of God Almighty, which 
 awaits the antichristian world ; w r hile it is fully 
 evident, that they more especially allude to the 
 tremendous scenes of judgment, which shall in 
 troduce the Millenium. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE 
 
 CERTAIN RESTORATION 
 
 OF 
 
 3\3DAH AKD ISIIAI^L 
 
 THE subject of this chapter is introduced with 
 a concise view of the expulsion of the ten tribes 
 of Israel from the promised land. The ten 
 tribes revolted from the house of David, early 
 in the reign of Ilehoboam, son and successor of 
 kins; Solomon. They received from this young 
 prince treatment, which was considered irnpoli- 
 tick and rough; upon which they separated them 
 selves from that branch of the house of Ls; < L 
 who, from that time, have been distinguished by 
 the name of Jews. They submitted to another 
 king, Jeroboam. And this breach was never af 
 ter '.ealctl. Jeroboam, to perpetuate and widen 
 th: breach, and apprehending that if the Jews 
 and ten tribes amicably met for pubJick worship, 
 according to the law of God, the rupture be 
 tween them would probably soon be healed, set 
 , olden calves, one in Dan, and one in 
 ! ; .''id ordered that the ten tribes of Is- 
 -!:! meet there for their publick worship. 
 He tli us ''made Israel to sin." And would to God 
 
43 
 
 he had been the last who has made the professed 
 worshippers of Jehovah " to sir,," by assigning 
 them different places of worship, from motives 
 not more evangelical than those of Jeroboam. 
 
 The ten tribes thus weot off to idolatry. A 
 line of kings succeeded Jeroboam ; hat none of 
 them, to the time of the expulsion, were true 
 worhippers of the God of Israel. By their apos 
 tasy, folly, and idolatry, the ten tribes were pre 
 paring themselves for a long and doleful rejec 
 tion, an outcast state for thousands of years. 
 This Moses had denounced ; Deut. xxviii. And 
 this God fulfilled. 
 
 Tiglah-Pilnczer, king of Assyria, captured the 
 tribes of Reuhen and Gad, and the half tribe of 
 Man ass ah, who lay east of Jordan, and placed 
 them in Halah, Harah, and Hahor, by the river 
 Gozen. 1 Chro. v. 2G. About twenty years 
 after, (134 years before the Babylonish captivity 
 of the Jews, and 725 years before Christ,) the 
 rest of the ten tribes continuing impenitent. 
 Shalmanezer, the succeeding king of Assyria, at 
 tacked Samaria, took the remainder of the ten, 
 tribes, in the reign of Hoshea, king of Israel, 
 carried them to Assyria, and placed them with 
 their brethren in Halah and Habor, by the river 
 Gozen in Media 2 Kings, xvii. This filial ex 
 pulsion of Israel from the promised land, was 
 about 943 years after they came out of Egypt. 
 The king of Assyria placed in their stead, in Sa 
 maria, people from Babylon, Cuiha, Ava, Ila- 
 inah, and Sapharvaim. llere was the origin of 
 the monqre! Samaritans. 
 
 From this captivity the ten tribes were never 
 recovered. And they have long seemed to have 
 been lost from the earth. They seem to have 
 been indeed " outcast," from the social worid, 
 
49 
 
 and the knowledge of civilized man. The 
 Jews, long after, were dispersed among the 
 nations ; but have ever been known as Jews. 
 But not so with Israel. They have seemed 
 strangely to disappear from the world ; and 
 for 2500 years to have been utterly lost. 
 
 What are we to believe concerning the ten 
 tribes ? Are they ever again to be known as the 
 natural seed of Abraham ? Are they now in ex 
 istence as a distinct people ? If so, where are 
 they to be found ? All parts of the world are 
 now so well known, that one would conceive 
 the commonwealth of Israel cannot now be 
 found among the civilized nations. Must we 
 look for them in a savage state ? If so, the 
 knowledge of their descent must be derived from 
 a variety of broken, circumstantial, traditionary 
 evidence. Who, or where, then, are the people 
 who furnish the greatest degree of this kind of 
 evidence ? 
 
 An answer, relative to their restoration, will 
 be involved in this chapter ; and an answer to 
 the other questions; may be expected in the chap 
 ter following. 
 
 That the Jews are to be restored to Palestine 
 as Jews, seems evident from a variety of consid 
 erations. And that the ten tribes of Israel will 
 there be united with them, seems also to be 
 plainly predicted in the prophets. 
 
 Let the following things be considered : 
 
 1. The preservation of the Jews, as a dis 
 tinct people, among the many nations whither 
 they have been dispersed, now for nearly 1 800 
 years, affords great evidence, to say the least, 
 that the many predictions, which seem to fore- 
 tel such a restoration, are to have a literal ac 
 complishment. This their preservation is a 
 5 f 
 
50 
 
 most signal event of Providence. Nothing like 
 it has ever, in any other instance, been known 
 on earth ; except it be the case with the ten 
 tribes of Israel. Other dispersed tribes of men 
 have amalgamated with the people where they 
 have dwelt, and have lost their distinct existence. 
 And nothing but the special hand of God could 
 have prevented this in the case of the Jews. 
 The event then shows, that God has great things 
 in store for them, as Jews. What can these 
 things be, but the fulfilment of those many pro- 
 
 Ehecies, which predict their restoration to the 
 md of their fathers, as well as their conversion 
 to the Christian faith ? 
 
 2. That people have never, as yet, possessed 
 all the land promised to them ; nor have they 
 possessed any part of it so long as promised. 
 Hence their restoration to that land, is essential 
 to the complete fulfilment of those ancient pro 
 mises. They were to possess the land to the 
 river Euphrates, and forever ; or to the end of 
 the world* God promised to Abraham. Gen. xv. 
 18 "Unto thy seed have I given this land, from 
 the river of Egypt, unto the great river, the riv 
 er Euphrates." Exod. xxiii. 31 "And I 
 will set thy bounds from the Red Sea, even un 
 to the sea of the Philistines, and from the 
 desert unto the river (Euphrates) ; for I will de 
 liver the inhabitants of the land into your hands* 
 and thou slialt drive them out before thee." 
 Deut. xi. 24 ' Every place whereon the sole 
 of thy feet shall stand, shall be yours, from the 
 wilderness and Lebanon, from the river, the 
 river Euphrates, even unto the uttermost sea, 
 shall your coast be." Here, then, are the boun-f 
 daries of this ancient divine grant to Abraham] 
 and his natural seed. Beginning at tho river of 
 
51 
 
 Egypt, (a river not far from the north-east cor- 
 ner-of the Red Sea, and running into the Medi 
 terranean.) Thence northward, on the shore of 
 the said sea, as far as the point due west of 
 Mount Lebanon. Thence eastward, over said 
 mountain, away to the river Euphrates. Thence 
 southward, as far as the south line of Syria. 
 Thence westward, including the whole of Syria, 
 to the first named river. The whole of this ter 
 ritory, the natural seed of Abraham were to pos 
 sess. " for ever." The inhabitants " should he 
 driven out before them." But this people an 
 ciently possessed hut a small part of this terri 
 tory. There was indeed a kind of typical pos 
 session of it, in the reign of Solomon ; which 
 reign was a type of the Millennium. (See Psalrri 
 Ixxii.) David, in his wars, which were typical 
 of the wars that will introduce the Millennium, 
 subdued and put under tribute the Syrians, Mo- 
 abites, Ammonites, and most of the nations 
 dwelling in the above named territories. And 
 they continued in subjection in the reign of So 
 lomon. (See 1 Kings, iv. 21.) But those na 
 tions were not then driven out ; nor was their 
 land possessed by the children of Abraham. 
 They afterward threw off their yoke, and were 
 extremely troublesome to the people of God. 
 They were only made tributary during a part of 
 two reigns. But God promised Exod. xxiii. 
 31 "I will set thy bounds from the Red Sea 
 even to the sea of the Philistines, and from the 
 desert unto the river (Euphrates.) For I will deli 
 ver the inhabitants of the land into your hands, and 
 thoit shalt drive them out before thee." The land 
 east of Canaan, and away to the river Euphra 
 tes, was never possessed by Israel. Their lite- 
 
52 
 
 ral possession of that extent of territory, must 
 be an event still future. 
 
 The promised land was given to Israel " for 
 an everlasting possession ;'' Gen. xvii. 8. Surely 
 this must mean a longer time than they did in 
 ages past possess it. This promise remains then 
 to be yet fulfilled. It must mean an undisturbed 
 possession of it, so long as the possession of it 
 on earth may be desirable ; or to the end of the 
 world. We accordingly find that people, at the 
 time of the introduction of the Millennium, ex 
 postulating with God, and pleading that ancient 
 granf;; Isa. Ixiii. 17, 18; "O Lord, why hast 
 thou made us to err from thy way. and hardened 
 our heart from thy fear ? Return, for thy ser 
 vants' sake, the tribes of thine inheritance. The 
 people of thy holiness have possessed it (thine 
 inheritance) but a little while : our adversaries 
 have trodden down thy sanctuary. We are thine. 
 Thou never bearest rule over them ; they are 
 not called by thy name." Here is a plea, put 
 into the mouths of the ancient people of the 
 Lord, at the time of their restoration, not long 
 before the battle of the great day, with a de 
 scription of which battle this chapter begins. 
 They expostulate, relative to the sovereignty of 
 God, in the resting of the veil of blindness and 
 hardness so long on their hearts, during their long 
 infidel state. They plead that they are God's 
 servants, according to the ancient entail of the 
 covenant. They plead for a restoration ; - 
 and plead that their nation had enjoyed that, 
 their everlasting inheritance, but a little while ; 
 but that a people not called by God's name, nor 
 governed by his word, had trodden down the 
 sanctuary ; a description exactly fulfilled by the 
 Turks. This fully implies the entering again of 
 
53 
 
 the Jews upon their ancient inheritance, in the 
 last days. 
 
 3. 1 shall now adduce some of the numerous 
 express predictions of this event. In the pro 
 phecy of Ezekiel, the restoration of the Jews 
 ajid of Israel to their own land, as well as their 
 conversion in, the last days, is clearly predicted. 
 In chapter xxxvi. we have their long dispersion, 
 and their guilty cause of it. But God, in the 
 last days, works for his own name's sake, and 
 recovers them. God says, "And I will sanctify my 
 great name, which was profaned among the hea 
 then ; and the heathen shall know that I am the 
 Lord, when 1 shall be sanctified in you before 
 their eyes. For I will take you from among the 
 heathen, and gather you out of all countries, and 
 will bring you into your own land. And I will 
 sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be 
 clean ; from all your filthiness, and from all your 
 idols will I cleanse you. A new heart also will 
 I give unto you, and a new spirit will I put with 
 in you ; and I will take away the stony heart out 
 of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of 
 flesh. And I will put my spirit within you, and 
 cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall 
 keep my judgments and do them. And ye shall 
 dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers, and 
 ye shall be my people, and I will be your God. 
 Then shall ye remember your own evil ways 
 and shall loathe yourselves. Not for your sakes 
 do I this, saith the Lord God, be it known unto 
 you. Thus saith the Lord God ; in 'the day that 
 I shall have cleansed you from all your iniquities, 
 I will also cause you to dwell in the cities, and 
 the wastes shall be builded. And the desolate 
 land shall be tilled, whereas it lay desolate in the 
 sight of all the heathen that passed by. And 
 5* 
 
54 
 
 they shall say, This land (hat was so desolate, is 
 become like the garden of Eden ; and the waste 
 and desolate and ruined cities are become fenced 
 and are inhabited. Then the heathen, who are 
 left round about you, shall know that I the Lord 
 build the ruined places, and plant that which was 
 desolate. I the Lord have spoken it, and I will 
 do it." Here is their regeneration ; having a 
 new heart ; being cleansed from all sin. Arid 
 beside this, we find expressly promised, their be 
 ing reinstated in the land of their fathers, which 
 had long lain waste. They rebuild their ancient 
 cities. That this is in the last days, connected 
 with the introduction of the Millennium, the 
 connexion of the whole passage, and the follow 
 ing chapters, fully decide. Both houses of the 
 descendants of Abraham, (viz. Israel and Judah.) 
 are recovered, as will be seen. Those predic 
 tions cannot he fulfilled merely by the conver 
 sion of that people. For over and above their 
 express conversion, they are established in the 
 land of their fathers. ^ 
 
 The prophet proceeds further to predict and 
 illustrate the wonderful event, by the resurrec 
 tion of a valley of dry bones ; chap, xxxvii. : 
 which figure God thus explains : "Son of man, 
 these bones are the whole house of Israel. Be 
 hold, they say, our bones are dried, and our hope 
 is lost ; we are cut off for our parts. Therefore 
 prophecy, and say unto them ; Thus saith the 
 Lord God ; Behold, O my people, I will open 
 your graves, and cause you to come up out of 
 your graves, and bring you into the land of Is 
 rael. And ye shall know that I am the Lord, 
 when I have opened your graves, O my people, 
 and brought you tip out of your graves, and shall 
 put my spirit in you, and ye shall live, and I shall 
 place you in your own land. Then shall ye 
 
56 
 
 know that I the Lord have spoken it, and per 
 formed it, saith the Lord." 
 
 The re-union of the two branches of that peo 
 ple follows, by the figure of the two sticks, taken 
 by the prophet. On the one he writes', " for 
 Judah, and for the children of Israel his com 
 panions." Upon the other; " For Joseph, the 
 stifk of Ephrairn, and for all the house of Israel, 
 In! companions." 
 
 Lest any should say, the prediction which 
 here seems to foretel the restoration of the ten 
 tribes, as well as that of the Jews, were accom 
 plished in the restoration of that few of the Isra 
 elites, who clave to the Jews under the house of 
 David, and the ten tribes are irrecoverably lost ; 
 it is here expressed that the Jews and those Isra- > 
 elites, their companions, were symbolized by one 
 stick ; and Ephraim, all the house of Israel, (the 
 whole ten tribes,) by the other stick. These 
 sticks miraculously become one in the prophet's 
 hand ; which is thus explained. "Thus saith the 
 Lord God ; Behold, I will take the children of 
 Israel (their general ancient name, including the 
 twelve tribes) from among the heathen, whither 
 they be gone ; and I will gather them on every 
 side, and bring them into their own land. And 
 I will make them one nation in the land, upon 
 the mountains of Israel ; and one king sh^ll be 
 king to them all ; and they shall be no more two 
 nations, neither shall they be divided into two 
 kingdoms any more at all. And they shall dwell 
 in the land that I gave unto Jacob, my servant, 
 wherein your fathers have dwelt, and they shall 
 dwell therein, even they and their children, and 
 their children's children, forever." Can a doubt 
 here rest on the subject, whether the Jews and 
 the ten tribes shall be re-establi*hed in Palestine? 
 
56 
 
 Can such divine testimony as this be done away? 
 But similar testimonies to the point are numer 
 ous in the prophets. This passage has ;;ever 
 yet received a primary, or p^.ri.Inl fuliiirnent. 
 The whoio of it remains to he fulfilled* Some 
 of the predictions, which are to have an ultimate 
 accomplishment in this final restoration, had a 
 primary one in the restoration from the seventy 
 years captivity in Babylon. But even this can 
 not be said of the prophecy under consideration. 
 Noae of those written on the second stick, in the 
 hand of the prophet, have ever yet been recov 
 ered. The whole passage is intimately connect 
 ed with the battle of that great day, which intro 
 duces the Millennium; as appears in the two fol 
 lowing chapters. Here the house of Israel enter 
 again upon their everlasting possession of the 
 land of promise, which God engaged to Abraham. 
 A reiteration of these predictions is intermin 
 gled with the predictions concerning Gog, or the 
 powers of Antichrist, to be collected against the 
 Jews, after their restoration, in the two chapters 
 succeeding. " In the latter years thou (Gog) 
 halt come into the land that is brought back 
 from the sword, and gathered out of many peo- 
 x ple, against the mountains of Israel, which have 
 been always waste, (or have lain waste for so 
 many centuries during the dispersion of Israel ;) 
 but it (that nation) is brought back out of the 
 nations, and they shall dwell safely all of them. 
 Thou sha.lt ascend and come like a storm ; thou 
 shalt be like a cloud to cover the land, thou and 
 all thy bands, and many people withthee. Thus 
 saith the Lord God ; it shall also come to pass, 
 that at the same time, shall things come into thy 
 janind, and thou shalt think an evil thought ; and 
 thou shalt say, I will go up to the land of unwall- 
 
57 
 
 ed villages, (the state of the Jews in Palestine, 
 after their restoration) '; I will go to them that are 
 at rest, that dwell safely, all of them, dwelling 
 without walls, and having neither bars nor gates ; 
 to take a spoil, and to take a prey, to turn thine 
 hand upon the desolate places that are now in 
 habited, and upon the people that are gathered 
 out of the nations, who have gotten cattle and 
 goods, who dwell in the midst of the land." 
 " Thou shalt fall upon the mountains of Israel, 
 thou and all thy bands. So will I make my ho 
 ly name known in the midst of my people Israel ; 
 and the heathen shall know that I am the Lord, 
 the Holy One of Israel. Behold, it is come, it 
 is done, saith the Lord God. This is the day 
 whereof I have spoken. And they that dwell in 
 the cities of Israel shall go forth, and shall set 
 on fire and burn the weapons seven years. 
 
 The whole account is thus divinely summed 
 up. "Therefore, thus saith the Lord God; now 
 will I bring again the captivity of Jacob, and 
 have mercy upon the whole house of Israel, and 
 will be jealous for my holy name ; after,that they 
 have borne their shame, and all their trespasses 
 whereby they have trespassed against me, when 
 they dwelt safely in their land, and none made 
 them afraid. When I have brought them again 
 from the people, and gathered them out of their 
 enemies' lands, and am sanctified in them in the 
 sight of many nations ; then shall they know that 
 1 am the Lord their God, who caused them to be 
 led into captivity among the heathen; but I have 
 gathered them into their own land, and left none 
 of them there (among the heathen) any more ; 
 neither will I hide my face any more from them, 
 for I have poured out my spirit upon the house 
 f Israel, saith the Lord God." It seems as 
 
51 
 
 though this were enough, if nothing more were 
 quoted from the prophets to prove our point. If 
 this proof should be deemed insuilicierit, one 
 would he apt to say, nothing that inspiration can 
 assert upon the point, could be deemed suffi 
 cient ! 
 
 But that it may appear that the prophetic 
 writings unite to exhibit this as a great object of 
 the Christian's belief, I shall note some of the 
 ether predictions of it. 
 
 In Isaiah xi. the stem from the root of Jesse is 
 promised. The Millennium follows, when the 
 cow and the bear shall feed together, and the 
 wolf and the lamb unite in love ; and nothing 
 more shall hurt or offend. ' " And it shall come 
 to pass in that day that the Lord shall set his 
 hand again, the second time, to gather the rem 
 nant of his people, who shall be left, from Assy 
 ria and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from 
 Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from 
 Hamah, and from the isles of the sea. " And he 
 shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall 
 assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather to 
 gether the dispersed of Judah. from the four 
 corners of the earth." Here just before the 
 Millennium, the Jews and ten tribes are collected 
 from their long dispersion, by the hand of Omni 
 potence, set a second time for their recovery. 
 A body of the Jews, and some of several other 
 tribes, were recovered from ancient Babylon. 
 God is goinf, in the last days, to make a second, 
 and more effectual recovery from mystical Baby 
 lon, and from the four quarters of the earth. The 
 prophet proceeds ; # And the Lord shall utterly 
 destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea; and with 
 his mighty wind shall he shake his hand overjhe 
 river, and shall unite it in the seven streams, and 
 
59 
 
 make men go over dry shod. And there shall 
 be an highway for the remnant of his people, 
 which shall he left from Assyria ; like as it was 
 to Israel in the day that he came up out of the 
 land of Egypt." Mr. Scott, upon this passage, 
 says ; " For the Lord will then remove all ob 
 stacles hy the same powerful interposition, that 
 he vouchsafed in behalf of Israel, when He sep 
 arated the tongue, or bay of the Red Sea, and 
 destroyed that hindrance to the departure of Is 
 rael ; and with a mighty wind he will so sepa 
 rate the waters of the river Euphrates, in all its 
 streams, that men may pass over dry shod. Thus 
 an highway shall be made for Israel's return, as 
 there was for their ancestors to pass from Egypt 
 into Canaan. This part of the chapter, contains 
 a prophecy, which certainly remains yet to be 
 accomplished." Bishop Lowth says, the same; 
 and adds, as quoted by Mr. Scott, t4 This part of 
 the chapter, foretels the glorious times of the 
 church, which shall be ushered- in by the restora 
 tion of the Jewish nation, when they shall em 
 brace the gospel, and be restored to their own 
 country. This remarkable scene of Providence 
 is plainly foretold by most of the prophets ; and 
 by St. Paul.' 5 We thus have the testimony of 
 those great men in favour of a literal restoration 
 of the Jews to their own land, being here predic 
 ted.. And here is a drying up of a mighty river, 
 to prepare the way for the event. A river is 
 the symbol of a nation. When Israel were 
 to be redeemed from Egypt, the Red Sea was 
 to be dried before them. When they were to 
 be redeemed from Babylon, the Euphrates was 
 by Cyrus to be dried or turned, to accomplish 
 the event. And in their last restoration to Pa 
 lestine, (ere long to be accomplished,) another 
 
60 
 
 great mystical river is to be dried up. The sixth 
 vial dries up the mystic Euphrates, that the way 
 of the kings of the east may be prepared. This 
 is to-be fulfilled on the Turks. Perhaps the 
 event is now transpiring. This river is to be 
 smitten in its seven streams $ as stated in^this 
 prophecy of Isaiah ; perhaps indicating, that the 
 Turks, be they ever so powerful in provinces 
 and resources, as seven is a number of perfec 
 tion, they yet shall fall by the remarkable hand 
 of God, to accommodate the return of his ancient 
 people. These prophetic hints give an interest 
 to the present struggles in the south-east of Eu 
 rope. 
 
 In Jeremiah, xxiii. 6, 8, is the restoration of 
 Israel. "Li his days, (i. e. under the millennial 
 reign of the righteous branch raised up to Da 
 vid,) Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell 
 safely : I will gather the remnant of my flock out 
 of all countries, whither I have driven them, and 
 will bring them again to their folds. Therefore, 
 behold the days come, saith the Lord, that they 
 shall no more say, The Lord liveth, who brought 
 up the children of Israel out of the land of 
 Egypt ; but, The Lord liveth, who brought up, 
 and who led the house of Israel out of the north 
 country, and from all countries whither I have 
 driven them, and they shall dwell in their own 
 land." As this event is under the reign of Christ; 
 so it has never yet been fulfilled. It is an event 
 of the last days ; and plants the ancient people 
 of God in their own land. 
 
 ** 'The same comparison of the same event, we 
 find in Isaiah, xvi. 14, 15. After denouncing 
 their long dispersion, for their sins ; God says, 
 " Therefore, behold the days come, saith the 
 Lord, that it shall no more be said, The Lord 
 
61 
 
 liveth that brought up the children of Israel out 
 of the land of Egypt ; hut the Lord liveth that 
 brought up the children of Israel from the land of 
 the north, and from all the lands whither I had 
 driven them ; and I will bring them into their 
 land, that I gave unto their fathers." 
 
 In Isaiah xviii. a land shadowing with wfngs at 
 the last days, is by the Most High addressed, and 
 called to aid this restoration of thatpeople of God. 
 " Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered 
 and peeled, to a people terrible from the begin 
 ning hitherto ; a nation meted out, and trodden 
 down ; whose land the rivers have spoiled. In 
 that day shall the present be brought unto the 
 Lord of hosts, of a people scattered and peeled, 
 and from a people terrible from the beginning 
 hitherto ; a nation meted out and trodden under 
 foot ; whose land the rivers have spoiled, to the 
 place of the Lord of hosts, the Mount Zion." 
 The people here described, (to be brought by 
 that land addressed, as a present to the Lord, to 
 Mount Zion, or to Palestine,) are evidently the 
 descendants of Abraham, and an event of the last 
 days. A further explanation of this chapter, is 
 to be given in the last chapter of this work. 
 
 The same thing is rioted in Isaiah Ix. The 
 Jewish church is called upon ; " Arise, shine, for 
 thy light is come, and the glory of the Lord is 
 risen upon thee. The gentiles shall come to 
 thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy ris 
 ing. Who are these that fly as clouds, and as 
 doves to their windows ? 'Surely the isles shall 
 wait for me, and the ships of Tarshish first, to 
 bring thy sons from far. their silver and their 
 gold with them, unto the name of the Lord thy 
 God, and to the Holy One of Israel, because he 
 hath glorified thee." Here are ships conveying 
 6 
 
62 
 
 the Jews to Palestine, as clouds and as doves to 
 their windows. Chap. Ixvi. 20 : " And they shall 
 bring of your brethren for an offering unto the 
 Lord, out of all nations, upon horses, and in 
 chariots, and in litters, and upon mules, and upon 
 swift beasts, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, 
 saith the Lord, as the children of Israel bring an 
 offering in a clean vessel unto the house oYthe 
 Lord." InZephaniah, iii. 10, (connected with 
 the battle of the great day, and the Millennium,) 
 we read ; " From the rivers of Ethiopia my sup 
 pliants (or worshippers) shall bring my offering, 
 even the daughter of my dispersed ;" as the 
 passage should be rendered. 
 
 In Amos, ix. 14, 15, is a prediction of this 
 event. " And I will bring again the captivity of 
 my people Israel, and they shall build the waste 
 cities, and inhabit them ; and they shall plant 
 vineyards, and drink the wine thereof; and I 
 will plant them upon their land, and they shall 
 no more be pulled up out of their land, which I 
 have given them, saith the Lord God." This 
 restoration is surely future. For after the res 
 toration from the Babylonish captivity, they were 
 again expelled from their land, now for many 
 centuries. But after the restoration here prom 
 ised, God says, " They shall no more be pulled 
 up out of their land." This shows that the res 
 toration here promised, is both future and liter 
 al. Jer. xxx. 3 ; " For lo, the days come, saith 
 the Lord, that 1 will bring again the captivity of 
 my people, Israel and Judah, saith the Lord ; 
 and 1 will cause them to return to the land that 
 I gave to their fathers, and they shall possess it." 
 In the restoration from Babylon, Israel was not 
 returned. And the Jews possessed their land 
 but a short time. Hence this prophecy remains 
 
to be fulfilled. ^Read the whole 31st chapter of 
 Jeremiah, and you will find the restoration of the 
 Jews, and the ten tribes, to the land of their fa 
 thers, in the last days ; and their continuance in 
 it, so long as the sun, moon, and stars endure. 
 " If those ordinances depart iivm before me, 
 saith the Lord, (i. e. of the sun, moon and stars) 
 then the seed of Israel shall cease from being a 
 nation before me forever." God here promises 
 "the city (Jerusalem) shall be built to the Lord ; 
 it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any 
 more forever." Fie re God engages that as 
 Ephraim is God's first born ; so he will earnest 
 ly remember him still, and surely have mercy 
 upon him, for his bowels are pained with his long 
 outcast slate. That he will sow the house of Is 
 rael and tlie house of Juclah with the seed of men; 
 and that ""like as he had watched over them, 
 to pluck up, and to break down, to throw down, 
 and to destroy and afflict ; so he will watch over 
 them to build and plant. That all this shall be, 
 when the new covenant is made with the house 
 of Israel and the house of Judah, not according 
 to the covenant that he made with their fathers. 
 Thus it is an event to take place under the last, 
 the gospel dispensation ; and hence it must be 
 now future. 
 
 The prophet Joel, when foretelling the last 
 days, and the Millennium, notes this event; chap, 
 iii. 1. " For behold, in those days, and at that 
 time, when I shall bring again the captivity of 
 Judah and Jerusalem, I will also gather all na 
 tions, arid will bring them down into the valley 
 of Jehoshaphat." The battle of the great day 
 of God follows ; verse 9 17. Upon which fol 
 lows (he Millennium. In this series of events, 
 God "brings again the captivity of Judah and 
 Jerusalem." 
 
G4 
 
 In Zecb. iii. is the same. A new preparatory 
 scene of judgment is predicted; verse C, 7. The 
 battle of the great day follows ; verse 8. Then 
 the Millennium ; verse 9. To prepare the way 
 for this, the noted restoration is promised ; verse 
 10 18. And the scene closes thus; verse 19, 
 20. " Behold, at that time 1 will undo all that 
 afflict thee ; and I will save her that halteth, and 
 gather her that was driven out; and I will get 
 rne praise and fame in every land where they 
 have been put to shame. At that time I will 
 bring you again, even in the time that I gather 
 you ; for I will make you a name and a praise 
 among all the people of the earth, when I turn 
 back your captivity before your eyes, saith the 
 Lord." 
 
 The prophet Hosea most decisively predicts 
 this event. His first son mast be called Jezrcel ; 
 for God would soon avenge the blood of Jezrecl; 
 "and I will.canse to cease the house of Israel." 
 This house did cease ; and has been banished 
 and lost to this day. The name of his daugh 
 ter, Lo-rtrhamah, is explained : " Ye are not 
 my people; and I will not be your God." Here 
 is their long dispersion. But he immediately 
 proceeds to predict their restoration. Chap. i. 
 10, 11; " Yet the number of the children of Is 
 rael shall be as the sand of the sea, which cannot 
 be measured nor numbered ; and it shall come 
 to pass that in the place, where it was said unto 
 them, Ye are not my people ; there shall it be 
 said to them, Ye are the sons of the living God. 
 Then shall the children of Israel and the chil 
 dren of Jiidah he gathered together, and appoint 
 themselves one head ; and they shall come up 
 out of the land ; (earth :) for great shall be the 
 dav of Jezreel." Iiere the ten tribes were to 
 
65 
 
 be dispersed, and again restored, together with 
 the Jews ; and their numbers and prosperity 
 shall be immense. This prophet proceeds in 
 the following chapters to predict the same event. 
 See Hosea, 2d and 3d chapters. The account 
 closes thus ; " For the children of Israel shall 
 abide majiy days without a king, and without a 
 prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an 
 image, and without an ephod, and without a ter- 
 apliim. Afterward shall the children of Israel 
 return and seek the Lord their God. and David, 
 their king ; and shall fear the Lord and his good- 
 ness'in the latter days." Here is a description 
 of the present dispersed state of Israel ; and a 
 prediction of their national restoration, ?; in the 
 latter days." 
 
 This restoration is a great event in the proph 
 ets ; and we find it in the New Testament. Paul 
 (in his epistle to the Romans, chap, xi.) notes 
 their being again grafted into their own olive 
 tree^ as a notable event of the last days, which 
 shall be the " riches of the gentiles ;" yea, "life 
 from the dead" to them. See also Isaiah xlix. 
 18 23. One passage more I w r ill adduce from 
 the writings of Moses ; Deut. xxx. The 
 long and doleful dispersion of this people had 
 been predicted in the preceding chapters. Here 
 their final restoration follows. " And it shall 
 come to pass, when all these things are come 
 upon thee, and thou shalt call them to mind 
 among all the nations whither the Lord thy God 
 hath driven thee, and shalt return unto the Lord 
 thy God; that then the Lord thy God will turn 
 thy captivity, arid have compassion upon thee, 
 and will return and gather thee from all the na 
 tions whither the Lord thy God hath scattered 
 thee. And the Lord thy God will bring thee 
 
1'iio the land, which thy fathers possessed, and 
 thou shalt possess it, and he wili do Ihee good, 
 and multiply thee ahfrcc Iky fathers." This has 
 never yet been fulfilled. For the Jews, return 
 ed from Babylon, were very far from being mul 
 tiplied in their land above their fathers. This 
 remains still to be accomplished. 
 
 Thus the prophetic writings do clearly decide, 
 that both Israel and the Jews shall, in the last 
 days, before the Millennium, be literally restor 
 ed to their own land of Palestine ; and be con 
 verted to the Christian faith. 
 
 4. To give a mystical import to all these 
 prophecies, and say they will be fulfilled only in 
 the conversion of these ancient people of God to 
 Christianity ; is to take a most unwarrantable 
 liberty with the word of God. Some have made 
 such pretence ; but far be it from me to follow 
 them ! Why not as well apply a mystical sense 
 to every prediction of future events ? To the 
 predictions of the battle of that great day ; of the 
 Millennium ; of the resurrection of the bodies of 
 men ; of the final judgment ; of the conflagra 
 tion of this world ; of heaven ; and of hell ? 
 Why may not those as well all be fuliilled, not 
 by a literal, but by some mystical accomplish 
 ment ? Is not this to add and to diminish, with a 
 witness ? Paul says, (2 Tim. ii. 16.) " But shun 
 profane and vain babblings ; for they will in 
 crease unto more ungodliness, and their words 
 will eat as doth a canker; of whom is Hymeneas 
 and Philetus ; who concerning the truth have 
 erred, saying, that the resurrection is past alrea 
 dy ; and overthrow the faith of some." What 
 was the liberty taken by those arch heretics ? 
 No doubt it was this; applying to the predictions 
 ef a resurrection of the bodies of men from the 
 
grave, a mystical resurrection of the soul from 
 the death of sin. But the predictions of the res 
 urrection are far 'less numerous, and are not 
 more express, than are the predictions of the 
 restoration of the Jews and Israel to their own 
 land. 
 
 In various of the most remarkable of these 
 predictions, we find it distinctly ascertained that 
 the Jews shall be converted ; shall have a new 
 heart* given them ; shall have their hearts cir 
 cumcised to 'fear the Lord. And beside this, it 
 is said that people shall (as a distinct nation.) be 
 restored to the land of their fathers, and shall 
 dwell in temporal prosperity there through all 
 following ages', and be more numerous than ever 
 were their fathers. To say then, that all those 
 predictions of such a restoration to Palestine, are 
 to be accomplished only in the bringing of that 
 people (in their dispersed state,) to embrace the 
 Messiah ; is to take a most unwarrantable liber 
 ty with the word of God! Look at one passage ; 
 Ezekiel, 36th, 37th, 38th, and 39th chapters. 
 Are the new heart ^the heart of flesh,) there 
 promised, and God's gathering them out of all 
 lands into their own land, which had so long lain 
 waste, one and the same event ? What can such 
 expositors do with the predictions of Gog and his 
 bands, gathered against them, and falling upon 
 the mountains of Israel ? Are these (and all the 
 predictions in Joel, Zechariah, and other proph 
 ets, of the gathering of all nations to Jerusalem,) 
 to be explained away, so that no " gathering of 
 the nations and assembling of the kingdoms," 
 must be expected ? It must be a dangerous expe 
 dient to explain away the clear and express sen 
 timents of revelation. The old and best exposi 
 tors generally have believed in a literal restora- 
 
tion of Judah and Israel. And no material ob 
 jections can be raised against it, which might not 
 in its principle, operate as forcibly against all 
 predicted future events. 
 
 5. That the Hebrews are to have a literal res 
 toration, appears from the fact, that the threat- 
 enings that God would cast them oif, had their 
 fulfilment in a literal rejection of them from the 
 promised land. The promises of their restora 
 tion appear to be an exact counterpart of this ; 
 and hence must have their effect in restoring 
 them again to Palestine. If such promises did 
 not design to restore them again to the land of 
 their fathers ; why should the threatenings of 
 their rejection of God, be designed to have their 
 effect in expelling them literally from the land 
 of promise ? Why should one of them receive a 
 literal, and the other a mystical construction ? 
 No account can be given of this. If there is no 
 benefit in restoring them to Palestine ; why was 
 there any calamity in expelling them from Pales 
 tine ? Why did not God let them continue there, 
 though he withdrew his spirit and grace from 
 them ? But if, over and above this, they must be 
 expelled from the land of promise ; then surely 
 their promised restoration must (over and above 
 giving them the heart of flesh) bring them back 
 to the Canaan, which w.as given to them for an 
 everlasting possession. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE 
 
 PRESENT STATE 
 
 AiYD 
 
 THE present state of the Jews is so well un 
 derstood in the Christian and literary world, that 
 very little will here he said on this part of the 
 subject. While a more particular attention will 
 be paid to the present' state of the ten tribes of 
 Israel,. 
 
 The whole present population of the Jews has 
 boon calculated at five millions. But the prob 
 ability is, (as has been thought by good judges,) 
 that they are far more numerous. One noted 
 character says, that in Poland and part of Tur 
 key, there are at least three millions of this peo 
 ple ; and that among them generally, there is an 
 unusual spirit of enquiry relative to Christianity. 
 Mr. Noah says, that in the States of Barbary. 
 their number exceeds seven hundred thousand. 
 Their population in Persia, China, Tndia, and 
 Tartary. is stated (in a report of the London So~ 
 ciety for the conversion of the Jews.) to be more 
 than three hundred thousand. In Western Asia 
 
70 
 
 the Jews are numerous ; and they are found in 
 almost every land. 
 
 As in Europe this remarkable people have 
 "been singularly depressed, and in ages past> 
 made a laant, reproach, and by-word, trodden 
 i, scattered and pealed ; one would hope 
 quarter of the world would feel themselves 
 obligated to be singularly active in bringing about 
 their restoration. Considerable has been under 
 taken to meliorate their condition, and prepare 
 th^e way for their restoration. 
 
 It is fourteen years since a society was formed 
 in London to aid the Christianization of this peo 
 ple. A chapel has been erected by this society 
 for their benefit. The New Testament they 
 have caused to be translated into the Hebrew 
 language ; also many tracts written in Hebrew. 
 These tracts and Testaments have been liberal 
 ly distributed among tl^ Jews, and been read 
 bv nrihit-raes of them with no small attention. 
 .'ii * have been sent among them; 
 
 schools opened, and various means used. A 
 seminary was opened in 1322 for the instruction 
 of the youth of (Ills people. Four students of 
 the seed of Abraham entered it ; one of them, 
 the celebrated Mr. WoiiF, a Jewish convert and 
 rrvs.? : : u -, la various parts of the Umt-'d. 
 Kingdoms, auxiliary societies have been formed; 
 and the amount of monies received in 1822, was 
 upwards of !0,698/. sterling, (between 40 and 
 $50,000.) In the schools of the society are be 
 tween seventy and eighty children of the Jews. 
 In 1322 there were distributed. 2,459 Hebrew 
 Testaments; 81)2 Germrvi Jewi--h do.; 2,597 
 Polish Judea do. ; 800 Hebrew Psalters; 42.110 
 Ilr^-ow Tracts; 10.000 ft . for the Jews; 
 
 13,300 Hebrew cards. The prophets are about 
 
71 
 
 to be printed in Hebrew, on stereotype plates, 
 for ihc benefit of the Jews. Places of deposit 
 of book* for the Jews are established extensive 
 ly in the four quarters of the world. 
 
 Other and similar societies in favour of the 
 Jews are becoming numerous. Only several 
 be given in detail. One has been formed 
 in Lciiiii under the sanction of his Prussian ma 
 jesty. This society in an address to the public, 
 observes; u Pious Christians in Germany stem 
 themselves almost excluded from the work of 
 converting the heathen ; to whom sea-fa rii:^- ra 
 tions oi)]y have an immediate access. May they 
 be of good cheer in turning their eyes to iLe 
 ons of the ancient peopie of God, who live 
 among them, or in their vicinity. There is no na 
 tion provided with so effective means now to begin 
 the work of their conversion, as protestant Ger 
 many. For this country the most glorious harvest 
 *eems to be in reserve. Let us then clear oursel ves 
 from the blame of ieavi,^ to perish these mill 
 ions, living among us, ;.\tes, without 
 having ever made any vveJi regulated attempt to 
 lead them to that cross, upon which their fathers 
 crucified the Messiah. This field is our own, 
 ra.d only requires labourers. According to our 
 best information of its state, we have no doubt 
 but the soil will readily receive ti.e seed of the 
 divine word." The informations received from 
 Poland too, are interesting. The Jews there 
 seem to be convinced that some important change 
 in their condition is preparing; aud the) seem 
 ready to co-operate ii ! ans of such a 
 cisu ..;;e. Count Von d( r Hecke, near Westpha- 
 li:-?j ; :as established near Dasselsdorf. an asylum 
 for converted Jews. A. id ruisierous societies 
 have been formed in Europe and America, to 
 
72 
 
 aid this great object. The American Meliorat 
 ing Society, with its auxiliaries, might he noted 
 in detail ; but they are well known. The his 
 tory of the Palestine mission also ; the noted 
 agency of Mr. Frey, and the mission of Mr. 
 Wolff, the Jewish missionary to Palestine ; also 
 the remarkable conversion of many of the Jews ; 
 but this would exceed my designed limits ; and 
 these things are well known to the Christian 
 world. 
 
 My present object is rather to attend to the 
 present state of the ten tribes of Israel. This 
 branch of the Hebrew family have long been 
 u outcasts" out of sight ; or unknown as He 
 brews. The questions arise, are they in exist 
 ence, as a distinct people ? If so, who. or where 
 are they ? These are queries of great moment, at 
 this period, when the time of their restoration is 
 drawing near. These queries may receive an 
 answer in the following remarks : 
 
 1. It has been clearly ascertained in the pre 
 ceding chapter, that the ten tribes, as the Israel 
 of God, are in the last days to be recovered, and 
 restored with the Jews. The valley of dry bones, 
 and the two sticks becoming one in the prophet's 
 hand, have been seen clearly to ascertain this : 
 See Ezek. xxxix. as well as the many other 
 passages noted in that chapter. But as this fact 
 is essential to our inquiring after the ten tribes 
 with confidence of their existence ; I shall here 
 note several additional predictions of the event, 
 found in the prophets ; and note some passages, 
 which distinguish between the dispersed state of 
 the Jews, and the o-nL-avi si ate of the ten tribes ; 
 which distinction wiii aiiord some light in our 
 inquiries. 
 
73 
 
 When the restoration of the Hebrews is pre 
 dicted, in Isaiah xi. that God will in the last days 
 set up an ensign for the nations ; it is to ''assem 
 ble the outcasts of Israel ; and gather together 
 the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of 
 the earth." Mark the distinction; the Jews are 
 " dispersed;" scattered over the nations as Jews, 
 as they have long been known to be ; but Israel 
 are "outcast ;" cast out from the nations ; from 
 society ; from the social world ; from the knowl 
 edge of men, as being Hebrews. This distinc 
 tion is repeatedly found in the prophets. The 
 dispersed state of the Jews, as Jews, is a most 
 notable idea in the prophetic scriptures. But of 
 Israel, the following language is used ; as Isaiah 
 Ivi. 8 ; " The Lord God who gathcreth the out 
 casts of Israel, saith," c. Accordingly, when 
 Israel are recovered, and united with the Jews 
 at last; the Jews express their astonishment, and 
 inquire where they had been? They had utterly 
 lost them, as is the fact. See Isaiah xlix. 18 
 22. The Jews here, while " removing to and 
 fro" through the nations, in their dispersed state, 
 had been "left alone," i. e. of the ten tribes. The 
 latter being now restored to the bosom of the 
 mother church, the Jews inquire, " Who hath 
 brought up these? Behold, I was left alone j these, 
 where had they been .?" Here we learn that the 
 ten tribes had, during the long dispersion of the 
 Jews, been utterly out of their sight and knowl 
 edge, as their brethren. This implies the long 
 outcast state of the ten tribes. 
 
 Several additional passages will be noted, to 
 show that both the branches of that ancient peo 
 ple are to be restored. In Isaiah xi. after the 
 promise that the dispersed Jews, and outcast Is 
 rael shall be restored ; the prophet adds, verse 
 7 
 
74 
 
 13 ; " The envy also of Ephraim shall depart ; 
 Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall 
 not vex Ephraim." Here the mutual jealous 
 ies between the two branches of the house of Is 
 rael, which before the expulsion of the ten tribes 
 kept them in almost perpetual war, shall never 
 again be revived ; which passage assures us of 
 the restoration of Israel as Israel. 
 
 In Jer. iii. tbose two branches arc distinguish 
 ed by "backsliding /srr/.t7, and her treacherous 
 sister Judah." Israel was already put away for 
 her spiritual adulteries, (having then been re ect- 
 ed for nearly one hundred years.) But the same 
 backsliding Israel is there again recovered in the 
 last days. God calls after them ; "Return, thou 
 backsliding Israel; for I a/n married unto you, 
 saith the Lord. And 1 will take, you, one of a 
 city and two of a family ', and will bring you to 
 Zion." " In those days the house of Judah shall 
 walk with the house of Israel ; and they shall 
 come together out of the land of the north, to the 
 land that I have given to your fathers." This 
 has never yet had even a partial accomplish 
 ment. Its event is manifestly future. 
 
 The entail of the covenant must as surely re 
 cover the ten tribes, as the Jews. Paul shows 
 in Romans xi. the consistency of the rejection of 
 the Jews, with the entail of the covenant with 
 Abraham. And he makes their final restoration 
 in the last days, essential to this consistency. 
 But this inspired argument as forcibly attaches 
 itself to the ten tribes, to ensure their recovery, 
 as to the Jews. He accordingly there says, "and 
 so all Israel shall he saved j"** or both branches of 
 the Hebrews shnil be recovered. This some 
 point is most positively decided in Jeremiah, 
 
30th and 31st chapters, as has appeared in the 
 preceding chapter. 
 
 2. It inevitably follows, that the ten tribes of 
 Israel must now have, somewhere on earth, a 
 distinct existence in an outcast state. And we 
 justly infer, that God would, in his holy provi 
 dence, provide some suitable place for their safe 
 keeping, as his outcast tribes, though long un 
 known to men as such. There is no avoiding 
 this conclusion. If God will restore them at last 
 as his Israel, and as having been "outcast" from 
 the nations of the civilized world for 2500 years; 
 he surely must have provided a place for their 
 safe keeping, as a distinct people, in some part 
 of the world, during that long period. They 
 must, during that period, have been unknown to 
 the Jews as Israelites ; and consequently un 
 known to the world as such; or the Jews would 
 not at least (on their heing united to them.) in 
 quire, " These, where had they been ?" Isaiah 
 xlix. 21. 
 
 3. We have an account of the ten tribes, after 
 their captivity, which accords with the ideas just 
 stated. We receive not the books of the Apoc 
 rypha as given by Inspiration ; but much credit 
 has been given to historical facts recorded in it; 
 as in the wars of the Maccabees, and othci p : aces. 
 In 2 Esdras, xiii. 40, and on, we read ; u Those 
 are the ten tribes which were carried away pris 
 oners out of their own land, in the time of Osea, 
 the king, whom Salmanezer, the king of Assyria, 
 led away captive ; and he carried them over the 
 Waters, and so carne they into another laild." 
 Here is the planting them over the Euphrates, in 
 Media. The writer adds ; " But they took this 
 counsel among themselves, that they would leave 
 the multitude of the heathen, and go forth into a 
 
7G 
 
 further country, where never man dwelt ; that 
 they might there keep their statutes which they 
 never kept (i. e. uniformly as they ought,) in 
 their own land. There was a great way to go, 
 namely, of a year and a half." The writer pro 
 ceeds to speak of the name of the region being 
 -called Arsareth, or Ararat. He must allude here 
 to the region to which they directed their course 
 to go this year and a half's journey. This place 
 where no man dwelt, must of course have been 
 unknown by any name. But Ararat, or Arme 
 nia lay north of the place where the ten tribes 
 were planted .wlien carried from Palestine. 
 Their journey then, was to the north, or north 
 east. This writer says, "They entered into the 
 Euphrates by the narrow passages of the river." 
 He must mean, they repassed this river in its 
 upper regions, or small streams, away toward 
 Georgia; and hence must have taken their course 
 between the Black and Caspian seas. This set 
 them olFnorth-east of the Ararat, which he men 
 tions. Though this chapter in Esdras be a kind 
 of prophecy, hi which we place not confidence ; 
 yet the allusion to facts learned by the author, . 
 no doubt may be correct. And this seems just 
 such an event as might be expected, had God in 
 deed determined to separate them from the rest 
 of the idolatrous world, and banish them by 
 themselves, in a land where no man dwelt since 
 the flood. 
 
 4. Let several suppositions now be made. 
 Suppose an extensive continent had lately been 
 discovered, away north-east from Media, and at 
 the distance of " a year and a half's journey ;" a 
 place probably destitute of inhabitants, since the 
 flood, till the time of the "casting out" of Israel. 
 Suppose a people to have been lately discovered 
 
77 
 
 in that sequestered region, appearing as we should 
 rationally expect the nation of Israel to appear 
 at this period, had the account given hy the wri 
 ter in Esdras been a fact. Suppose them to be 
 fouad in tribes, with heads of tribes ; but desti 
 tute of letters, and in a savage state. Suppose 
 among their different tribes the following tradition 
 ary fragments are by credible witnesses picked up; 
 some particulars among one region of them, and 
 some amoag another ; while all appear evident 
 ly to be of the same family. Suppose them to 
 have -escaped the polytheism of the pagan world, 
 and to acknowledge one, and only One God ; the 
 Great Spirit, who created all things seen and un 
 seen. Suppose the name retained by many of 
 them for this Great Spirit, to be Ale, the old He 
 brew name of God ; and Yohewah, whereas the 
 Hebrew name for Lord was Jehovah ; also they 
 call the Great First Cause, Yah ; the Hebrew 
 name being Jah. Suppose you find most of them 
 professing great reverence for this great Yohe 
 wah ; calling him "the great beneficent supreme 
 holy spirit," and the only object of worship. 
 Suppose the most intelligent of them to be elat 
 ed with the idea that this God has ever been the 
 head of their community; that their fathers were 
 once in covenant with him ; and the rest of the 
 world were "the accursed people," as out of 
 covenant with God. Suppose you find them, on 
 certain occasions, singing in religious dance, 
 " Hallelujah," or praise to Jah ; also singing 
 Yohewah, Shilu Yohewah, and making use of 
 many names and phrases evidently Hebrew. 
 You find them counting their time as did ancient 
 Israel, and in a manner different from all other 
 nations. They keep a variety of religious feasts, 
 which much resemble those kept ,in ancient Is- 
 
78 
 
 rael. You find an evening feast among them, in 
 which a bone of the animal must not he broken ; 
 if the provision be more than one family can eat, 
 a -neighbour must be called in to help eat it, and 
 if any of it be still left, it must be burned before 
 the next rising sun. You find them eating bit 
 ter vegetables, to cleanse themselves from sin. 
 You find they never eat the hollow of the thigh 
 of any animal. They inform that their fathers 
 practised % circumcision. Some of them have 
 been in the habit of keeping a Jubilee. .They 
 have their places answering to the cities of re 
 fuge, in ancient Israel. In these no blood is ever 
 shed by any avenger. You find them with their 
 temples, (such as they be,) their holy of holies 
 in their temple, into which it is death for a com 
 mon person to enter. They have their high 
 priests, who officiate in their temples, and make 
 their yearly atonement there in a singular pontff- 
 ical dress, which they fancy to be in the likeness 
 of one worn by their predecessors in ancient 
 times ; with their breast-plate, and various holy 
 ornaments. The high priest, when addressing 
 to his people what they call " the old divine 
 speech," calls them " the beloved and holy peo 
 ple," and urges them to imitate their virtuous 
 ancestors ; and tells them of their "beloved land 
 flowing with milk and honey." They tell you 
 that Yohewah once chose their nation from all 
 the rest of mankind, to be his peculiar people. 
 That a book which God gave, was once theirs ; 
 and then things went well with them. But oth 
 er people got it from them, and then they fell un 
 der the displeasure of the Great Spirit ; but that 
 they shall, at some time, regain it. They inform 
 you, some of their fathers once had the spirit to 
 foretel future events, and to work miracles. 
 
79 
 
 pose they have their imitation of the ark of the 
 covenant, where are deposited their most sacred 
 things; into which it is death for any common 
 people to look. All their males must appear at 
 the temple at three noted feasts in a year. They 
 inform you of the ancient flood ; of the preser 
 vation of one family in a vessel; of this man in 
 the ark sending out first a great bird, and then a 
 little one, to see if the waters were gone. That 
 the great o:ie returned no more ; but the little 
 one returned with a branch. They tell you of 
 the confusion of languages, once when people 
 were building a great high place ; and of the 
 longevity of the ancients'; that -they " lived till 
 their feet were worn out with walking, and their 
 throats with eating." , 
 
 You find them with their traditional history 
 that their ancient fathers once lived where peo 
 ple were dreadfully wicked, and that nine tenths 
 of their fathers took counsel and left that wicked 
 place, being led by the Great Spirit into this 
 country ; that they came through a region where 
 it was always winter, snow and frozen. That 
 they came to a great water, and their way hith 
 er was thus obstructed, till God dried up that 
 water ; (probably it froze between the islands in 
 Beering's Straits.) Yoirfind them keeping an 
 annual feast, at the time their ears of corn be 
 come fit for use; and none of their corn is eaten, 
 till a part of it is brought to this feast, and cer 
 tain religious ceremonies performed:. You find 
 them keeping an annual feast, in which twelve 
 men must cut twelve saplin poles, to make a 
 booth. Here (on an altar made of twelve 
 stones, on which no tool may pass.) they must 
 sacrifice. You find them with the custom of 
 washing and anointing their dead. And when 
 
80 
 
 in deep affliction, laying their hand on their 
 mouth, a id tiieir mouth in the dust. 
 
 Suppose you should find things like these 
 people, without books or letters, 
 but wholly in a savage state,- in a region of the 
 world lately discovered away in the direction, 
 stated by the aforenoted writer in the Apocj\ pha; 
 and having been ever secluded from the knowl 
 edge of the civilized world ; would you hesitate 
 to say you had found the ten tribes of Israel ? 
 and that God sent them to that sequestered re 
 gion of the earth, to keep them there a distinct 
 people, during an " outcast" state of at least 
 2500 years ? Weuld you not say, we have just 
 such kind of evidence, as must at last bring that 
 people to light among the nations ? And would 
 you not say, here is much more evidence of this 
 kind, of their being the people of Israel, than 
 could rationally have been expected, after the 
 lapse of 2500 years in a savage state ? Methinks 
 1 hear every person whisper his full assent, that 
 upon the suppositions made, we have found the 
 most essential pile of the prophet Ezekiel's val 
 ley of dry bones ! 
 
 5. Those things are more than mere supposi 
 tion. It is believed they are capable of being 
 ascertained as facts, with substantial evidence. 
 Good authorities from men, who have been eye 
 and ear witnesses, assure us that these things are 
 facts. But you enquire, where or who are the 
 people thus described ? They are the aborigines 
 of our own continent ! Their place, their lan 
 guage, their traditions, amount to all that has 
 been hinted. These evidences are not all found 
 among any one tribe of Indians. Nor may all 
 the Indians in any tribe, where various of these 
 eTidences are found, be able to exhibit them. It 
 
81 
 
 is enough, if what they call their beloved aged 
 men, in one tribe, have clearly exhibited some of 
 them ; and others exhibited others of them ; and 
 if among their various tribes, the whole have 
 been, by various of their beloved or wise men, 
 exhibited. This, it is stated, has been the fact. 
 Men have been gradually perceiving this evi 
 dence for more than half a century ; and new 
 light has been, from time to time, shed on the 
 subject, as will appear,. 
 
 The North American Reviewers, in review 
 ing a sermon of Doct. Jarvis, on this subject, de 
 livered before the New- York Historical Society, 
 (in which he attempts to adduce much evidence 
 to show that the natives of this continent are the 
 tribes of Israel) remark thus ; " The history and 
 character of the Indian tribes of North America, 
 which have for some time been a subject of no 
 inconsiderable curiosity and interest with the 
 learned in Europe, have not till lately attracted 
 much notice among ourselves. But as the 
 Indian nations are now fast vanishing, and the in 
 dividuals of them come less frequently under our 
 observation ; we also, as well as our European 
 brethren, are beginning to take a more lively in 
 terest than ever, in the study of their character 
 and history." 
 
 In the course of their remarks they add ; "To 
 the testimonies here adduced by Doctor Jarvis, 
 (i. e. that the Indians are the ten tribes of Israel) 
 might have been added several of our New-Eng 
 land historians, from the first settlement of the 
 country." Some they proceed to mention ; and 
 then add, that the Rev. Messrs. Samuel Sewall, 
 fellow of Harvard College, and Samuel Willard, 
 vice president of the same, were, of opinion, that 
 " the Indians are the descendants of Israel." 
 
32 
 
 'Doct. Jarvis notes this as an hypothesis, which 
 has been a favourite topic with European writ 
 ers ; and as a subject, to which it is hoped the 
 Americans may be said to be waking no at last. 
 
 Manasses Ben Israel, in a work, entitled "The 
 'Hope of Israel," has written to show that the 
 American Indians are the ten tribes of Israel. 
 But as w,e have access to his authors, we may 
 consult them for ourselves. The main pillar of 
 hss evidence is James Adair, Esq. Mr. Adair 
 was a man of established character, as appears 
 from good authority. He lived a trader among 
 the Indians, in the. south of North America, for 
 forty years. He left them and returned to Eng 
 land in 1774, and there published his " History 
 of the American Indians ;" and his reasons for 
 being persuaded that they are the ten tribes of 
 Israel. Remarking on their descent and origin, 
 he concludes thus ; " From the most accurate 
 observations I could make, in the long time I 
 traded among the Indian Americans, I was forc 
 ed to believe them lineally descended from the 
 Israelites. Had the nine tribes and a half of Is 
 rael, tint were carried olf by Shalrnanexer, and 
 settled in Me-lia, continued there long, it is very 
 probable by intermarrying with the natives, and 
 from their natural fickleness, and proneness to 
 idolatry, and also from the force of example ; 
 that they won 1 .;! have adopted and bowed before 
 the gods of Media and Assyria ; and would have 
 carried them along with them. But there is not 
 a trace of this idolatry amo-ig the Indians." Mr. 
 Adair gives his opinion, tint the tea tribes, soon 
 after their banishment from the land of Israel, 
 left Media, a id reached this continent from !he 
 north-west, probably before the carrying away 
 of the Jews to Babylon. 
 
83 
 
 A summary will be given of tlie arguments of 
 Mr. Adair, and of a number of other writers on 
 this subject. As the evidence given by Mr. 
 Adair appears in some respects the most momen.- 
 tous and conclusive, I shall adduce a testimonial 
 in his behalf. In the " Star in the West," pub 
 lished by the lion. Eaas Eoudinot, LL. D. 
 upon this subject, that venerable man sajs; 
 < The writer oi these sheets has made a iiee 
 use of Mr. Adair's history of the Indians ; wh ch 
 renders it necessary that something further 
 should be said of him. Sometime about the year 
 1774, Mr. Adair came to Eli^rabethtown, (where 
 the writer lived.) with his manuscript, and appli 
 ed to Mr. Livingstone, (afterward go\en>or of 
 New- Jersey a correct scholar.) requesting him 
 to correct his manuscript. lie brought ampie 
 recommendations, and gave a good account of 
 himself. Our political troubles with Great Bri 
 tain then increasing (">t being the year before the 
 comn.ei. cement of the revolutionary war,) Mr. 
 Adair, who was on his way to Great Britain, was 
 advised not to risk being detained from his voy 
 age, till the work could be critically examined; 
 but to set oil' as soon as possible. He according 
 ly took his passage in the first vessel bound to 
 England. As soon as the war was over, (Mr. 
 Boudinot adds of himself,) the writer sent to 
 London to obtain a ccpy^tf this work. After 
 reading it with care, he strict]}' examined a gen 
 tleman, then a member with him in congress, 
 and of excellent character, who had acted as our 
 agent among the Indians to the southward, dur 
 ing the war, relative to the points of fact stated 
 by Mr. Adair, without letting him know the de 
 sign, aud from him found all the leading facts men- 
 
84 
 
 tioncd in Mr. Adair's history, fully confirmed 
 from his own personal knowledge." 
 
 Here are the evidences of two great and good 
 men most artlessly uniting in the leading facts 
 stated by Mr. Adair. The character of Mr. 
 Boudmot (who was for some time President of 
 the American Bible Society.) is well known. 
 He was satisfied with -the truth of Mr. Adair's 
 history, and that the natives of our land are the 
 Hebrews, the ten tribes. And he hence published 
 his " Star in the West" on this subject ; which 
 is most worthy of the perusal of ail men. 
 
 From various authors and travellers, among 
 the Indians, the fact that the American Indians 
 are the ten tnbes of Israel, will be attempted to 
 be proved by the following arguments : 
 
 1. The American natives have one origin. 
 
 2. Their language appears to have been He 
 brew. 
 
 3. They 'have had their imitation of the ark 
 of the covenant in ancient Israel. 
 
 4. They have been in the practice of circum 
 cision. 
 
 5. They have acknowledged one and only one 
 God. 
 
 6. Their variety of traditions, historical and 
 religious, go to evince that they are the ten 
 tribes of Israel. 
 
 7. The celebrated William Penn gives ac 
 counts of the natives | Pennsylvania, which go 
 to corroborate the same point. 
 
 8. Their having a tribe, answering in various 
 respects, to the tribe of Levi, sheds furthers light 
 on this subject. 
 
 9. Several prophetic traits of character given 
 of the Hebrews, do accurately apply to the abo 
 rigines of Anaerica. 
 
15 
 
 10. The Indians being in tribes, with their 
 heads arid names of tribes, affords further light 
 upon this subject. 
 
 1 1 . Their having an imitation of the ancient 
 city of refuge, evinces the truth of our subject ; 
 and 
 
 12. Other Indian rites, and various other con 
 siderations, go to evince the. fact, that this people 
 are the ten tribes of Israel. 
 
 1. Tfie American, natives have one origin. 
 Their language has a variety of dialects ; but all 
 are believed by some good juydges to be the same 
 radical lan^ia^e. Various noted authors a^ree 
 in this. Charlevoix, in his history of Canada, 
 says; " The Algonquin and the Huron langua 
 ges, (which he says are as really the same, as the 
 French and old Norman are the sa ne-) have be 
 tween them the language of ail thj savage na 
 tions we are acquainted with. Whoever should 
 well understand b >th of these, nvght travel With 
 out an interpreter more than fifteen hundred 
 leagues of country, and make himself understood 
 by an hundred diiferent natiois, who have each 
 their peculiar tongue ;" meaning dialect. The 
 Ai'Jm juin was the dialect of the Wolf tribe, or 
 the Mohegan ; and most of the native tribes of 
 New-England and of Virginia. 
 
 Doctor Jonathan Edwards, son of President 
 Edwards, lived in his youth among the Indians ; 
 as his father was a missionary among, them, be 
 fore he was called to Princeton College ; and he 
 became as familiar with the Muhegan dialect, as 
 with his mother tongue. He had also a good 
 knowledge of the Mohawk dialect. He pro 
 nounced the Mohegan the most extensive of all 
 the Indian dialects of North America. He names 
 not less than sixteen tribes, besides the original 
 8 
 
86 
 
 tribes of New-England, as agreeing with the Mo- 
 hegan. Herein the doctor agrees with the testi 
 mony of Charlevoix just noted. Here we find 
 a cogent argument in favour of the Indians of 
 North America, at least as heing of one origin. 
 And arguments will be furnished that the Indians 
 of South America are probably of the same ori 
 gin- 
 Doctor Boudinot (who for more than forty 
 years was of opinion that the Indians are the ten 
 tribes, and who sought and obtained much evi 
 dence on this subject, assures us, that the sylla 
 bles which compose the word Yohewah, (Jeho 
 vah) and Yah, (Jah) are the roots of a great num 
 ber of Indian words, through different tribes. 
 They make great use of these words, and of the 
 syllables which compose the names of God; also 
 which form the word Hallelujah, through their 
 nations for thousands of miles ; especially in 
 their religious songs and dances. With beating 
 and an exact keeping of time, they begin a reli 
 gious dance thus ; Hal, hal, hal ; then le, le, le -, 
 next lu, lu, lu ; and then close yah, yah, yah. 
 'This is their traditional song of praise to the 
 Great Spirit. This, it is asserted, is sung fh 
 South, as well as North America. And this au 
 thor says ; u Two Indians, who belong to far'dis- 
 tant nations, may without the knowledge of each 
 other's language, except from the general idiom 
 of all their tribes, converse with each other, and 
 make contracts without an interpreter." This 
 shews them to have been of one origin. 
 
 Du Pratz says, in his history of Louisiana, 
 " The nations of North America derived their 
 origin from the same country, since at bottom 
 they all have the same manners and usages, nd 
 ttic same manner of speaking and thinking." It 
 
87 
 
 is ascertained that no objection arises against this, 
 from the different shades of Complexion found 
 among different tribes of Indians. u The colour 
 of the Indians generally, (says Doct. Boudinot,) 
 is red, brown, or copper, according to the cli 
 mate, and the high or low ground." Mr. Adair 
 expresses the same opinion ; and the Indians 
 have their tradition, that in the nation from which 
 they originally came, all were of one colour. - 
 According to all accounts given of the Indians, 
 there are certain things in which all agree. This 
 appears in the journals of Mr. Giddings, of his 
 exploring tour. The most distant and barbarous 
 Indians agree in a variety of things with all oth 
 er tribes. They have their Great Spirit ; their 
 high priests ; their sacrificing, when going to, or 
 returning from war ; their religious dance ; and 
 their sacred little enclosure, containing their 
 most sacred things, though it be but a sack, in 
 stead of an ark. Messrs. Lack and Escarbotus 
 both assert that they have often heard the In 
 dians of South America sing "Hallelujah." For 
 thousands of miles the North American Indians 
 hav^ been abundant in this. 
 
 Doctor Williams, in his History of Vermont, 
 says ; " In whatever manner this part of the 
 earth was peopled, the Indians appear to have 
 been the most ancient, or the original men of 
 America. They had spread over the whole con 
 tinent, from the. fiftieth degree of north latitude, 
 to the southern extremity of Cape Horn. And 
 these men every where appeared to be the same 
 race or kind of people. In every part of the 
 continent, the Indians are marked with a similar 
 ity of colour, features, and every circumstance 
 of external appearance. Pedro de Cicca de 
 Leon, one of the conquerors of Peru, and who 
 
had travelled through many provinces of Amer 
 ica, says of the Indians ; u The people, men and 
 women, although there are such a multitude of 
 trihes or nations, in such diversities of climates, 
 appear nevertheless, like the children of one fa 
 ther and mother." 
 
 Uiloa (rii -t.'d hy Doct. Williams.) had a great 
 acquaintance with the Indians of South America, 
 and some parts of North America. Speaking of 
 the Indians of Cape Breton, in the latter, he de 
 clared them to he " the same people with the 
 Indians in Peru." "If we have seen one Amer 
 ican, (said he) we may he said to have seen them 
 all." These remarks do not apply to all the 
 people in the northern extremities of America. 
 The Esquimaux natives appear to be a different 
 race of men. This race are found in Labrador; 
 in Greenland, and round Hudson's Bay. All 
 these appear evidently the same with the Lap 
 landers, Zemblans, Samoyeds and Tartars in the 
 east. They probably migrated to this western 
 hemisphere at periods subsequent to the migra 
 tion of the Indians. They, or some of them, 
 might * have come from the north of Europe ; 
 from Norway to Iceland, then to Greenland, and 
 thence to the coasts of Labrador, and farther 
 west. But the consideration of those diiferent 
 people, does not affect our subject. 
 
 2. Their language appears clearly to have 
 been Hebrew. In this, Doctor Edwards, Mr. 
 Adair, and others were agreed. Doct. Edwards, 
 after having a good acquaintance with their lan 
 guage, gave his reasons for believing it to have 
 been originally Hebrew. Both, he remarks, are 
 found without prepositions, and are formed with 
 prefixes and suffixes ; a thing probably known to 
 no other language. And he. shows that not only 
 
89 
 
 the words, but the construction of phrases, in 
 both, have been the same. Their pronouns, as 
 well as their nouns, Doctor Edwards remarks, 
 are manifestly from the Hebrew. Mr. Adair is 
 confident of the fact, that their language is He 
 brew. And their laconic, bold arid command 
 ing figures of speech, he notes as exactly agree 
 ing with the genius of the Hebrew language. 
 He says, that after living forty years among them, 
 he obtained such knowledge of the Hebrew idi 
 om of their language, that he viewed the event 
 of their having for more than two millenaries, 
 and without the aid of literature, preserved their 
 Hebrew language so pure, to be but little short 
 of a miracle. 
 
 Relative to the Hebraism of their figures, Mr. 
 Adair gives the following instance, from an ad 
 dress of a captain to his warriors, going to bat 
 tle. " I know that your guns are burning in your 
 hands ; your tomahawks are thirsting to drink 
 the blood of your enemies ; your trusty arrows 
 are impatient to be upon the wing ; and lest de 
 lay should burn your hearts any longer, I give 
 you the cool refreshing word ; join the holy ark ; 
 and away to cut of the devoted enemy /" 
 
 A table of words and phrases, is furnished by 
 Doct. Boudinot, from Edwards, Adair, and oth 
 ers, to show how clearly the Indian language is 
 from the Hebrew. Some of these Indian words 
 are taken from one tribe, and some from another. 
 In a long savage state, destitute of all aid from 
 letters, a language must roll and change. It is 
 strange that after a lapse of 2500 years, a single 
 word should, among such a people, be preserved 
 the same. But the hand of Providence is strik 
 ingly seen in this, to bring that people to light. 
 
 8* 
 
90 
 
 The following may afford a specimen of the 
 evidence on this part of the subject. 
 
 English. 
 Jehovah 
 God 
 Jah 
 Shiloh 
 Heavens 
 Father 
 Man 
 Woman 
 Wife 
 Thou 
 His wife 
 This man 
 JVose 
 
 Roof of a house 
 Winter 
 Canaan 
 To pray 
 JVote 
 
 Hind part 
 Do 
 
 To blow 
 Rushing wind 
 Ararat, or high mount 
 
 Indian. 
 Yohewah 
 Ale 
 Yah 
 Shilu 
 Chrmim 
 Abba 
 Wi, Ishtc 
 Ishto 
 Awah 
 Keah 
 Liani 
 Uwoh 
 Nichiri 
 Taubana-ora 
 Kora 
 Canaai 
 Phale 
 Na 
 Kesh 
 Jennais 
 Phaubac 
 Rowah 
 Ararat 
 
 PHRASES. 
 
 English, Indian. 
 
 Very hot Heru hara or hala 
 
 Praise to the First Cause Halleluwah 
 Give me food Natoni boman 
 
 Go thy way Bayou boorkaa 
 
 (rood be to you Halea tibou 
 
 My necklace Yene hali 
 
 / am sick Nane guaete 
 
 Hebrew; 
 Jehovah 
 Ale, Aleim 
 Jah 
 Shiloh 
 Shemiiu 
 Abba 
 Ish 
 Ishto 
 
 Eweh, Eve 
 Ka 
 
 Lihene 
 Huah 
 Noheri 
 Debonaour 
 Cora 
 
 Canaan 
 
 Phalac 
 
 Na 
 
 Kish 
 
 Jannoa 
 
 Phauhe 
 
 Ruach 
 
 Ararat 
 
 Hebrew. 
 Hara hara 
 Hallelujah 
 Natou. bamen 
 Boua bouak 
 Ye hali ettouboa 
 Vongali 
 Nance heti 
 
 Who can doubt but the above Indian words 
 and phrases were from their corresponding He 
 brew 1 To t>e otherwise, their adoption by sav 
 ages must be miraculous. And if they be from 
 the Hebrew, surely these Indians must be the 
 ten tribes of Israel. 
 
91 
 
 Governor Hutchinson observed, 'that " many 
 people (at the time of the first sctiU-snet.it of New 
 England,) pleased themselves with a con.'o; "I;; re, 
 that the Indians in America, are th< ! irf 
 
 of the ten trihes of Israel." Some-' dis 
 
 covered so early, which excited this \ -..- 
 
 timent. This lias been noted as having been the 
 sentiment of Rev. Samuel Sewall, of vice presi 
 dent Willard, and others. Governor I Inu liinson 
 expresses his doubt upon the sub'.ect, oil account 
 of the dissimilarity of the lart^uage of the natives 
 of Massachusetts, and the Hebrew. Any lan 
 guage in a savage state, must, in the course of 
 2^00 years, have rolled and varied exceedingly. 
 This is shown to be the case in the different dia 
 lects, and many new words introduced among 
 those tribes, which are acknowledged to have 
 their language radically the same. 
 
 The following facts are enough to answer eve 
 ry objection on this ground. The Indians had 
 no written language. Hence the English schol 
 ar could not see the spelling or the root of an/ 
 Indian word. And the gutteral pronunciation of 
 the natives was such as to make even the He 
 brew word, that might still be retained, appear 
 wholly a .different word; especially to those 
 who were looking for no Hebrew language among 
 them. And the following noted idiom of the 
 Indian language was calculated to hide the fact 
 in perfect obscurity, even had it been originally 
 Hebrew, viz. ; the Indian language consists of a 
 multitude of monosyllables added together. 
 Every properly or circumstance of a thing to be 
 mentioned by an Indian, must be noted by a new 
 monosyllable added to its name. Hence it was 
 that the simple word our loves, must be express 
 ed by the following long Indian word, Noonom* 
 
ttntammoontcanunonnash. Mr. Golden, in his 
 history of the five nations, observes, "They have 
 few radical words. But "they compound their 
 words without end. The words expressive of 
 things lately come to their knowledge (he says) 
 are all compounds. And sometimes one word 
 among them includes an entire definition of the 
 thing."* These things considered of a language 
 among savages, 2500 years after their expulsion 
 from Canaan, must answer every objection aris 
 ing from the fact, that the Indian language ap 
 pears very different from the Hebrew. And they 
 must render it little less than miraculous (as Mr. 
 Adair says it is) that after a lapse of so long a 
 period among savages, without a book or letters, 
 a word or phrase properly Hebrew should still 
 be found among them. Yet such words and 
 phrases are found. And many more may yet be 
 found in the compounds of Indian words. I 
 have just now observed, in dropping my eye on 
 a Connecticut Magazine for 1803, a writer on 
 the Indians in Massachusetts, in its earliest days, 
 informs, that the name of the being they wor 
 shipped was Abamocko. Here, without any 
 perception of the fact, he furnishes a Hebrew 
 word in compound. Ahua-mccko ; father-mo- 
 cho. As a tribe of Indians in the south call 
 God, Abba-mingo-ishio ; Father-chief-man. In 
 the latter, we have two Hebrew words ; Abba, 
 father, and Ish, man. Could we make proper 
 allowance for Pagan pronunciation, and find how 
 the syllables in their words ought to be spelled, 
 we might probably find many more of the Hebrew) 
 roots in their language. 
 
 ^See the Connecticut Magazine, Vol. HI. p. 367. 
 
03 
 
 S. The Indians have had their imitation of the 
 ark of the covenant in ancient Israel. Different 
 travellers, and from different regions unite in 
 this. Mr. Adair is full in*his account of it. It 
 is a small square box, made convenient to carry 
 on the back. They never se*t it on the ground, 
 but on logs in low ground where stones are not 
 to be had ; and on stones where they are to be 
 found. This author gives the following account 
 of it. " It is worthy of notice, (he says.) that 
 they never place the ark on the ground, nor sit 
 n the Lare earth when they are carrying it 
 against an enemy. On hilly ground, where 
 sto'hes are plenty, they place it on them. But in 
 level land, upon short logs, always resting them 
 selves (i. e. the carriers of the ark) on the same 
 materials. They have also as strong a faith of 
 the power and holiness of their ark, as ever the 
 Israelites retained of theirs. The Indian ark is 
 deemed so sacred and dangerous to touch, either 
 by their own sanctified warriors, or the spoiling 
 enemy, that neither of them dare meddle with it 
 on any account. It is not to be handled by any 
 except the chieftian and his waiter, under penal 
 ty of incurring great evil ; nor would the most 
 inveterate enemy dare to touch it. The leader 
 virtually acts the part of a priest of war, pro tem- 
 pore, in imitation of the Israelites lighting under 
 the divine military banner." 
 
 Dact. Boudinot says of this ark, " It may be 
 called the ark of the covenant imitated." In 
 time of peace it is the charge of their high priests. 
 In their wars, tney make great account of it. 
 The leader (acting as high priest on that occa 
 sion,) and his darling waiter, carry it in turns. 
 They deposit in the ark some of their most con 
 secrated articles. The two" carriers of this sa- 
 
94 
 
 symbol, before setting off with it for the 
 war, purify themselves longer than do the rest 
 of the warriors. The waiter bears their ark 
 during a battle. It is strictly forbidden for any 
 one, but the proper officer, to look into it. An 
 enemy, if they capture it, treat it with the same 
 reverence. 
 
 Doctor Boudinot says, that a gentleman, who 
 was at Ohio, in 1756, informed him that while, 
 he was there, he saw among the Indians, a stran 
 ger, who appeared very desirous to look into the 
 ark of that tribe. The ark was then standing on 
 a block of wood, covered with a dressed deer 
 skin. A centinel v, as guarding it, armed with a 
 bow and arrow. The centinel finding the intru 
 der pressing' on, to look into the ark, drew his 
 arrow at his head, and vrould have dropped him 
 on the spot ; but the stranger perceiving his dan 
 ger, fled. Who can doubt ojf the origin of this 
 Indian custom ? And who can resist the evidence 
 it furnishes, that here are the tribes of Israel ? 
 See Num. x. 35, 33, and xiv. 44. 
 
 4. The American Indians have practised cir 
 cumcision. Doct. Beat}', in his journal of a visit 
 to the Indians in Ohic, between fifty and sixty 
 years ago, says, that " an old Indian informed 
 him, that an eld uncle of his. who died about the 
 year 1728, related to him several customs of for 
 mer times among the Indians ; and among the rest, 
 that circumcieion was long ago practised among 
 them, but that their young men made a mock of it, 
 and it fell into disrepute and was discontinued." 
 Mr. M'Kenzie informs, that in his travels among 
 the Indians, he was led to believe the same fact, of 
 a tribe far to the north-west ; as stated in the 'Star 
 in the West.' Doctor Boudinot assures that the 
 eastern Indians inform of its having been prac- 
 
95 
 
 tised among them in times past ; but that latter 
 ly, not being able to give any account of so 
 strange a rite, their young men had opposed it, 
 and it was discontinued. Jmmanuei de Moraez, 
 in. his history of Brazil, says it was practised 
 among the native Brazilians. What savage na 
 tion could ever have conceived of such a rite, 
 had they not descended from Israel. 
 
 5. The native Americans have acknowledged 
 ne, and only one God ; and thty have generally 
 views concerning the one Great Spirit, of which 
 no account can be given, but that they derived 
 them from ancient revelation in Israel. Other 
 nations destitute of revelation, have had their 
 many gods. But little short of three hundred 
 thousand gods have existed in the bewildered 
 imaginations of the pagan world. Every thing, 
 almost, has been deified by the heathen. Not 
 liking to retain God in their knowledge, and pro 
 fessing themselves to be wise, they became fools ; 
 and they changed the glory of the one living God, 
 into images, and beasts, birds, reptiles, and creep 
 ing things. There has been the most astonishing 
 inclination in the world of mankind to do thus. 
 But here is a new world of savages, chiefly, if not 
 wholly, free from such wild idolatry. Doctor 
 Boudinot (being assured by many good witness 
 es,) says of the Indians who have been known in 
 his day ; " They were never known (whate\er 
 mercenary Spanish writers may have written to 
 the contrary) to pay the least adoration to ima 
 ges or dead persons, to celestial luminaries, to 
 evil spirits, or to any created beings whatever." 
 Mr. Adair says the same, and assures that "none 
 of the numerous tribes and nations, from Hud- 
 ion's LdV to the Mississippi, have ever been 
 to attempt the formation of any image of 
 
96 
 
 God." Du Pratz was very intimate with the 
 chief of those Indians called " the Guardians of 
 the Temple," near the Mississippi. He inquir 
 ed of them of the nature of their worship. The 
 chief informed him that they worshipped the 
 great and most perfect Spirit; and said, " He is 
 so great and powerful, that in comparison with 
 him all others are as nothing. Fie made all 
 things that we see, and all things that we cannot 
 see." The chief went on to speak of God as 
 having made little spirits, called free servants, 
 who always stand before the Great Spirit ready 
 to do his vyill. That "the air is filled with spirits ; 
 some good, some bad ; and that the bad have a 
 chief who is more wicked than the rest." Here 
 it seems is their traditional notion of good a ;d 
 bad angels ; and of Beelzebub, the chief of the 
 latter. This chief being asked how God made 
 man, replied, that " God kneaded some clay, 
 made it into a little man, and finding it was well 
 formed, he blew on his work, and the man had 
 life and grew up !" . Being asked of the creation 
 of the wo-nan, he said, "their ancient speech 
 made no mention of any (inference, only that the 
 man wjs made first." Moses' account of the 
 formation of the woman, it seems, had been lost. 
 Mr. Adair is very full in this, that the Indians 
 have but one God, the Great Yohewah, whom 
 they call the great, beneficent, supreme and holy 
 S^rit, who dwells above the clouds, and who 
 dwells with good people, and is the only object 
 of worship." So different are they from all the 
 idolatrous heathen upoa earth. He assures that 
 they hold this great divine Spirit as the immedi 
 ate head of their community ; which opinion he 
 conceives they must have derived from the an- 
 oieut theocracy in Israel. He assures that the 
 
97 
 
 Indians are intoxicated with religious pride, 
 and call all other people the accursed people ; 
 and have time out of mind been accustomed to 
 hold them in great contempt. Their ancestors 
 they boast to have been under the immediate 
 government of Yohewah, who was with them, 
 and directed them by his prophets, while the rest 
 of the world were outlaws, and strangers to the 
 covenant of Yohewah. The Indians thus please 
 themselves (Mr. Adair assures us) with the idea 
 that God has chosen them from the rest of man 
 kind as his peculiar people. This, he says, has 
 been the occasion of their hating other people ; 
 and of viewing themselves hated by all men. 
 These things show that they acknowledge but 
 one God. 
 
 The Peruvians have been spoken of as pay 
 ing adoration to the sun ; and as receiving their 
 race of Inr-is. as children of the sun. in their sac- 
 cession of twelve monarchies. The Indians have 
 had much of ai apprehension that their one 
 Great Spirit had a great affinity to lire. And the 
 Peruvians, it seems, went so far as to embody him 
 in the sun. Here seems a shred of mixture of 
 the Persian idolatry, with the theocracy of Is 
 rael. As the more ancient Israelites caught a 
 degree of the idolatrous distemper of Egypt,, as 
 appears in their golden calf; so the ten tribes, 
 the time they resided in Media, and before they 
 set off for America, may have blended some idea 
 of fire with their or God. But the veneration 
 the Peruvians had ior their Incas, as children of 
 the Most High, seems but a shred of ancient tra 
 dition from Israel, that their kings were divinely 
 anointed ; arid is so far from being an argument 
 against their being of Israel, that it operates rath* 
 er in favour of the fact. 
 9 
 
98 
 
 Doctor Boudinot informs of the southern IB- 
 dians of North America, that they had a name 
 for God, which signifies, "the great, beloved, ho 
 ly cause." And one of their names of God, is 
 Mingo Ishto Abba ; Great Chief Father. Me 
 speaks of a preacher's being among the Indians 
 at the south, before the American revolution, 
 and beginning to inform them that there is a God 
 who created all things. Upon which they indig 
 nantly replied, "Go about your business, you fool: 
 do not we know there is a God, as well as you?" 
 
 In their sacred dances, these authors assure us 
 the Indians sing "Halieluyah Yohewah; praise 
 to Jah Jehovah. When they return victorious 
 from their wars, they sing, Yo-he-wah ; having 
 been by tradition taught to ascribe the praise to 
 God. 
 
 The same authors assure us, the Indians make 
 great use of the initials of the mysterious name 
 of God, like the tetragrammanaton of the ancient 
 Hebrews ; or the four radical letters which form 
 the name of Jehovah ; as the Indians pronounce 
 thus, Y-O-He-Wah. That like the ancient 
 Hebrews, they are cautious of mentioning these 
 together, or at once. They sing and repeat the 
 syllables of this name in their sacred dances thus; 
 Yo-yo, or ho-ho-he-he-wah-wah. Mr. Adair 
 upon the same, says ; " After this they begin 
 again ; Hal-hal-le-le-lu-lu-yah-yah. And fre 
 quently the whole train strike up, hallelu-hallelu 
 halleluyah halleJuyah." They frequently sing 
 the name of Shilu (Shiloh, Christ) with the syl*- 
 lables of the name of God added ; thus, " Shilu 
 yo-Shilu-yo-Shilu-he-Shilu-he Shilu-\vah-Shilu 
 -wah." Thus adding to the name of Shilu, the 
 of Jehovah by its sacred s)iiables. Things 
 
99 
 
 like these have been found among Indians of dif* 
 ferent regions of America. Syllables and letters 
 of the name of G<3d have been so transposed in dif 
 ferent ways; and so strange and gutteral has been, 
 the Indian pronunciation, that it seems it took a 
 long time to perceive that these savages were by 
 tradition pronouncing the names of the God of Is 
 rael. Often have people been informed, and smil 
 ed at the fact, that an Indian, hurt or frightened, 
 usually cries out wah ! This is a part of his tradi 
 tional religion ; O Jah ! or O Lord ! 
 
 Doctor Williams upon the Indians' belief of 
 the being of God, observes ; " They denominate 
 the deity the Great Spirit; the Great Man above; 
 and seein to have some general ideas of his gov 
 ernment and providence, universal power and 
 dominion. The immortality of the soul was ev 
 ery where admitted among the Indian tribes." 
 
 The Rev. Ithamar Hebard, formerly minister 
 of this place, related the following : That about 
 fifty years ago, a number of men were sent from 
 New-England by the government of Britain into 
 the region of the Mississippi, to form some treaty 
 with the Indians. That while these commission 
 ers were there, having* tarried for some time; an 
 Indian chief came from the distance of what he 
 called several moons to the westward. Having 
 heard that white men were there, he came to in 
 quire of them where the Great Being dwelt, who 
 made all things. And being informed, through an 
 interpreter, of the divine omnipresence; he raised 
 his eyes and hands to heaven with great awe and 
 ecstacy.and looking round, and leaping, he seem 
 ed to express the greatest reverence and delight. 
 The head man of these commissioners had been 
 a profane man ; but this incident cured him, so 
 
100 
 
 that he was not heard to utter another profane 
 word on this tour. This was related to Mr. He- 
 bard by one Elijah Wood, who -was an eye wit 
 ness of the scene, and who was afterward a 
 preacher of the gospel. The son of Mr. Hebard, 
 a settled minister, gives this relation. 
 
 Let this fact of the Indians generally adhering 
 to one, ai)d only one God, be contrasted with the 
 polytheism of the world of pagans, and heathen 
 besides ; with the idle and ridiculous notions of 
 heathen gods and goddesses ; and who can doubt 
 of the true origin of the natives of our continent? 
 They are fatally destitute of proper views of God 
 and religion. But they have brought down by 
 tradition from their remote ancestors, the notion 
 of there being bat one great and true God; which 
 affords a most substantial argument in favour of 
 their being the ancient Israel. 
 
 It is apreed that within about eighty years, a 
 great change has been produced among the In 
 dians. They have, in this period much degene 
 rated as to their traditional religion. Their con 
 nexions with the most degenerate part of the 
 white people, trading among them ; and their 
 knowledge and use of ardent spirit, have pro 
 duced the most deleterious effects. They hove 
 felt less zeal to maintain their own religion 1 , such 
 as it was ; and to transmit their own traditions. 
 Remarkable indeed it is, that they did so dili 
 gently propagate and transmit them, till so com 
 petent a number of good testimonies should be 
 furnished to the civilized and religious world, re 
 lative to their origin. This must have been the 
 great object of divine Providence in causing 
 them so remarkably to transmit their traditions 
 through such numbers of ages. And when the 
 
165 
 
 carefully retained. These are instead of 
 ic pages and religious books. 
 
 Some of these Indian traditions, as furnished 
 from good authorities, shall be given. Different 
 writers agree that the natives have their historic 
 traditions of the reason and manner of iheir fa 
 thers coming into this country, which agree with 
 the account given in Esdras, of their leaving the 
 laud of Media, and going to a land to the north 
 east, to the distance of a year and a half's jour 
 ney. M'Kenzie gives the following account of 
 the Chepewyan Indians, far to the north-west. 
 He says, " They have also a tradition among 
 them, that they originally came from another 
 country, inhabited by very wicked people, and 
 had traversed a great lake, which was in one 
 place, narr.ow, shallow, and full of islands, where 
 they had suffered great misery ; it being always 
 winter, with ice, and deep snows. At the Cop 
 per Mine River, where they made the first lai d, 
 the ground was covered with copper, over which 
 a body of earth has since been collected to the 
 depth of a man's height." Doctor Boudinot 
 speaks of this tradition among the Indians, 
 Some of them call that obstructing water a river. 
 and some a lake. Some give account of their 
 getting over it ; others not. What a striking 
 description is here found of the passing of the 
 natives of this continent, over from the north 
 east of Asia, to the north-west of America, at 
 Beering's Straits. These Straits, all agree, are 
 less than forty miles wide, at this period ; and 
 no doubt they have been continually widening. 
 Doctor Williams, in his history of Vermont, says 
 they are but eighteen miles wide. Probably 
 they were not half that width 2500 years ago. 
 And they were full of islands, the Indian tradi- 
 
106 
 
 t/on assures us. Many of those islands may have 
 been washed away 5 as the Indian tradition says, 
 *the sea is eating them up;" as in Dr. Boudinot. 
 
 Oiher tribes assure us, that their remote fa 
 thers, on their way to this country, " came to a 
 great river which they could not pass; when God 
 dried up the river that they might pass over." 
 Here is a traditionary notion among the Indians, 
 of God's anciently drying up rivers before their 
 ancestors. Their fathers in some way got over 
 Beering's Straits. And having a tradition of 
 rivers being dried up before the fathers, they ap 
 plied it to this event. Those straits, after Israel 
 had been detained for a time there, might have 
 been frozen over, in the narrows between the isl 
 ands; or they might have been passed by canoes, 
 or some craft. The natives of this land, be they 
 who they may, did in fact arrive in this conti 
 nent ; and they probably must have come over 
 those straits. And this might have been done 
 by Israel, as well as by any other people. 
 
 Relative to their tradition of coming where 
 was abundance of copper ; it is a fact, that at, 
 or near Beer'mg's Straits, there is a place called 
 Copper Island, from the vast quantities of this 
 metal there found. In Grieve's history we are 
 informed that copper there covers the shore in 
 abundance ; so that ships might easily be loaded 
 with it. The Gazeteer speaks of this, and that 
 an attempt was made in 1770 to obtain this cop 
 per, but that the ice even in July, was so abun 
 dant, and other difficulties such, that the obiect 
 was 'relinquished. Here, then, those natives 
 made their way to this land ; and brought down 
 the knowledge of this event in their tradition. 
 
 Doctor Boudinot gives it as from good author 
 ity, that the Indians have a tradition " that the 
 
167 
 
 book which the white people have, was onee 
 theirs. That while they had this hook, things 
 went well with them ; they prospered exceed 
 ingly ; but that other people got it from them ; 
 Unit the Indians lost their credit ; ofiended the 
 Great Spirit, and suffered exceedingly from the 
 neighboring nations; and that the Great Spirit 
 then took pity on them, and directed them to 
 this country." There can be no doubt but God 
 did, by his special providence, direct them to 
 some sequestered region of the world, for the 
 reasons which have been already given.* 
 
 * We have a prediction relative to the ten tribes, which 
 fully accords with the things exhibited of them, and of the 
 natives of our land. In Amos viii. 11, 12, we read "Behold 
 the days come, saith the Lord God, that 1 will send a famine 
 in the land-; not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but 
 of hearing the words of the Lord. And they shall wander 
 from sea to sea, arid from the north even unto the east; they 
 shall run to and fro, to seek the word of the Lord, and shall 
 not find it." This prophecy did relate to the ten tribes. 
 Amos was a prophet to them : he lived not long before their 
 expulsion, from which they have never yet returned. He in 
 the context predicted this expulsion, as then just at hand. 
 See v. 1.2, 14. The famine here predicted, was to be fulfill 
 ed while they were in their outcast state. This is cleurly ev 
 ident from the whole connection. 
 
 The prediction implies, they should know they had been 
 blessed with the word of God, but had Wickedly lost it ; as 
 a man in a famine knows he has had bread or food, but now 
 has it not. It implies, they shall feel somethmg what they 
 have lost, and shall wander. They shall rove fn.m sea to sea; 
 from the north even to the east. They shall set off a north 
 cu:ir?R, and thence east ; or be led to wander in a north-east 
 direction as far as they can wander-; from the Mediterranean, 
 whence they set out, to the extremist sea in the opposite di 
 rection north-east ; to the Frozen Ocean ; over its straits, to 
 the Pacific; and to the Atlantic. They shall run to and fro, over 
 all the vast regions, the dreary wild*, which lie between those 
 extreme seas. They shall retain some general correct idea 
 of God ; but shall find they have lost h;s word. This they 
 shall not reg-ain, till their long famine shall close in the last 
 days. How exf cliy does this prophecy accord with the ac- 
 
108 
 
 M'Kenzie adds the following accounts of- the 
 Chepewyan nation : " They believe also that in 
 ancient times, their ancestors lived till their feet 
 were worn out with walking, and their throats 
 with eating. They describe a deluge, when the 
 waters spread over the whole earth, except the 
 highest mountains ; on the tops of which they 
 preserved themselves." This tradition of the 
 longevity of the ancients, and of the ilood, must 
 have been from the word of God in ancient Is 
 rael. 
 
 Abbe Ciavigero assures us, that the natives of 
 Mexico had the tradition, that u there once was 
 a great deluge ; and Tep/i, in order to save him 
 self from being drowned, embarked in a ship, 
 
 ooai.it noted in Esdras, and with the Indian tradition, ; which 
 meets it ; of their fathers being led iuto this country ! They 
 have indeed wandered north-east, and from north to east, and 
 oath ; from sea to sea, and from the river to tlv end? of the 
 earth. They have r-in to and fro in a famine of the word; 
 retaining some general view of God, and of their ancient 
 blessings under him. Eat their famine and savage state have 
 still continued. From their savage high priests they have 
 sought the word of the Lord, and from their vague traditions; 
 but they have not f und it. 
 
 Bat the following chapter in Amos, engages they shall find 
 aga-ii the holy oracles v. 13 15. u Behold, the days come, 
 sa^.hthe Lord, that the ploughman shall overtake the reaper, 
 and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the 
 mountains shall drop sweet wine ; and all the hills shall melt. 
 And I will br.ng again the captivity of my people Israel ; and 
 they shall build the waste cities and inhabit them, and they 
 shall plant vineyards and drink the wine thereof; they shall 
 also make gardens and eat the fruit of them. And I will 
 plant them upon their land ; and they shall no more be pull 
 ed up out of their land, which I have given them, sailh the 
 Lord thy God." Here aro the rapid scene?, the melting mis 
 sionary events, of our day. Here is the succeeding recovery 
 of the tribes of I=rael. Here is thr planting of them in their 
 own land, and their permanent residence there, to the end of 
 the world Never ha* this restoration had even a primary 
 a'eoutuplis foment. 
 
109 
 
 with his wife and children, and many animals. 
 That as the waters abated, he sent out a bird, 
 which remained eating dead bodies. He then 
 seat out a little bird, which returned with a small 
 branch." 
 
 Doctor Beattj says, that an Indian in Ohio in 
 formed, that one of their traditions was, " Once 
 the waters had overflowed all the land, and 
 drowned all people then living, except a few, 
 who made a great canoe and were saved." 
 
 This Indian added, to Doctor Beatty, that " a 
 long time ago, the people went to build a high 
 place ; that while they were building, they lost 
 their language, and could not understand each 
 other." 
 
 Doctor Bondinot assures us that two ministers 
 of his acquaintance informed him, that they be 
 ing among the Ind a-is away toward the Missis 
 sippi, the Indians there (who never before saw a 
 white man.) informed him, that one of their tra 
 ditions was, a great while ago they had a com- 
 m ) i father, who had the other people under him. 
 Tnat he .had twelve soas by whom he adminis 
 tered his government; but the sons behaving illy, 
 they lost this government over the other people. 
 This the two ministers conceived to be a pretty 
 evident traditionary notion concerning Jacob and 
 his twelve sons. 
 
 Various traditions of the Indians strikingly de 
 note their Hebrew extraction. Doctor Beatty 
 (mentioned by Mr. Boudinot) informs of their 
 feast, called the hunter's feast ; answering, he 
 thinks, to the Pentecost in ancient Israel. He 
 describes it as follows : 
 
 They choose twelve men, who provide twelve 
 deer. Each of the twelve men cuts afcaplin; with 
 these they form a tent, covered with blankets* 
 10 
 
no 
 
 They then choose twelve stones for an altar of 
 sacrifice. Some tribes, he observes, choose but 
 ten men, ten poles and ten stones. Here seems 
 an evident allusion to the twelve tribes; and also 
 to some idea of the ten separate tribes of Israel. 
 Upon the stones of their altar, they suiTcrcd no 
 tool to pass. No tool might pass upon a certain 
 altar in Israel. The middle joint of the thigh of 
 their game, Doctor Beatty informs, the Indians 
 refuse to eat. Thus did ancient Israel, after the 
 angel had touched the hollow of Jacob's thi fc h in 
 the sinew that shrank : Gen. xxxii. 25, 31, 32. 
 " In short, (says Doctor Beatty,) 1 was astonish 
 ed to find so many of the Jewish customs pre 
 vailing among them ; and began to conclude 
 there was some affinity between them and the 
 Jews." 
 
 Col. Smith, in his history of New-Jersey, says 
 of another region of Indians, " They never cat 
 of the hollow of the thigh of any thing they kill." 
 Charlevoix speaking of Indians still further to 
 the north, says, he met with people who con id 
 not help thinking that the Indians were descend 
 ed from the Hebrews, and found in even t\ 
 some affinity between them. Some things he 
 states; as on certain meals, neglecting the UFC of 
 knives ; not breaking a bone of the animal they 
 eat ; never eating the part under the lower oint 
 of the thigh; but throwing it away. Sue: 
 their traditions from their ancient fathers. Oth 
 er travellers among them sr<e;.-k of their peculiar 
 evening feast, in which no bone of !! ; r 
 may be broken. No I" ; be !m !>< n oi il=o 
 
 ancient paschal lamb in Israel, which was eaten 
 in the evening. 
 
 Diilereikt men who had bef-n r-vo witnr 
 speak of this, ahd other I'tu^ls, rL-rinbhng the 
 
ill 
 
 feasts in Israel ; and tell us relative to this pecul 
 iar evening feast, that if one family cannot eat all 
 they have prepared, a neighbouring family is in 
 vited to partake with them ; and if any of it he 
 still left, it must be burned before the next rising 
 sun. None who read the law of the passover, 
 c;n doubt the origin of this. 
 
 A Christian friend of mine informs me, that he 
 '-o rue time since read in a book which he now 
 c.rmot name, the account of a man taken at Que- 
 b.v,, in Montgomery's defeat; of his being car 
 ried far to the north-west by Indians ; and of a 
 feast which they kept, iu. which each had his por 
 tion in a bowl ; that he was charged to be very 
 careful not to injure a bone of it; that each must 
 cai all his bowl full, or must burn what was left 
 on a tire, burning in the midst for this purpose. 
 The object of the feast he knew not. 
 
 Tiie Indians have their feasts of first ripe fruit?,, 
 or of green corn ; and will eat none of their com 
 till a part is thus given to God. The celebrated 
 Pean, Mr. Adair, and Col. Smith, with others, 
 unite in these testimonies. In these Indian feasts 
 they have their sacred songs and dances ; singing 
 Halleluyah, Yoliewah, in the syllables which 
 compose the words. What other nation, besides 
 the Hebrews and Indians ever, in this manner, 
 attempted the worship of Jehovah ? The author 
 of the " Star in the West" says ; " May we not 
 suppose that these Indians formerly understood 
 the psalms and divine hymns 1 Otherwise, how 
 came it to pass, that some of all the inhabitants 
 of the extensive regions of North and South 
 America have, and retain, these very expressive 
 Hebrew words, and repeat them so distinctly ; 
 , them after the manner of the Hebrews, in 
 their religious acclamations ?" 
 
112 
 
 The Indian feast of harvest, and annual expi 
 ation of sin, is described by these writers ; and 
 in a way which enforces the conviction that they 
 derived them from ancient Israel. Details are 
 given in the Star in the West. My limits will 
 permit only to hint at them. The detailed ac 
 counts are worth perusing. 
 
 An Indian daily sacrifice is described. They 
 throw a small piece of the fattest of their meat 
 into the fire, before they eat. They draw their 
 newly killed venison through the fire. The blood 
 they often burn. It is with them a horrid abom 
 ination to eat the blood of their game. This was 
 a Hebrew law. 
 
 A particular or two of their feasts shall be no 
 ted. Doctor Beatty gives an account of what 
 he saw among the Indians north-west of the Ohio, 
 lie says ; " Before they make use of any of the 
 first fruits of the ground, twelve of their old men 
 meet; when a deer and some of the first fruits 
 are provided. The deer is divided into twelve 
 parts ; and the corn beaten in a mortar, and pre 
 pared for use by boiling or baking, under the 
 ashes, and of course unleavened. This also 
 is divided into twelve parts. Then these 
 (twelve) men hold up the venision, and fruits 
 and pray, with their faces to the east, ack 
 nowledging (as is supposed.) the bounty of 
 God to them. It is then eaten. After this they 
 freely enjoy the fruits of the earth. On the 
 evening of the same day, (the Doctor '; ; OJPV 
 have another public feast which lool i !<. the 
 passover. A great quantity of veniso. 
 ded, with other things dressed in their . 
 and distributed to all the guests ; of v* 
 eat freely that evening. But that which \* l- 
 tbrown into the fire and burned ; as 
 
113 
 
 must remain till sun rise the next day ; nor must 
 a bone of the venison be broken." 
 
 Mr. Boudinot says, " It is fresh in the memory 
 of the old traders, (among the Indians) as we are 
 assured by those who have long lived among 
 them, that formerly none of the numerous na 
 tions of Indians would eat, or even handle any 
 part of the new harvest, till some of it had been 
 oilered up at the yearly festival by the beloved 
 man (high priest) or those of his appointment at 
 the plantation ; even though the light harvest oi; 
 the past year should almost have forced them to 
 give their women and children of the ripening 
 fruits to sustain life." Who that reads the laws 
 of Moses, can doubt the origin of these Indian 
 traditions ? 
 
 The Hebrews were commanded to eat their 
 passover with bitter herbs : Exod. xii. 8. The 
 Indians have a notable custom of purify ing them 
 selves with bitter herbs and roots. Describing 
 one of their feasts^ the writer says, " At the end 
 of the notable dance, the old beloved women re 
 turn home to hasten the feast. In the mean time 
 every one at the temple drinks plentifully of the 
 Cussena, and other bitter liquids, to cleanse their 
 sinful bodies, as they suppose." 
 
 The Indians have their traditionary notion 
 clearly alluding to the death of Abel, by the mur 
 derous hand of Cain ; as well as one alluding to 
 the longevity of the ancients. 
 
 More full accounts are given by some of these 
 authors, of the Archi-magus of the Indians their 
 high priest. As the high priest in Israel was in 
 ducted into office by various ceremonies, and by 
 anointing ; so is the Indian high priest by purifi 
 cation, and by anointing. When the holy gar 
 ments are put upon him, bear's oil is poured on 
 10* 
 
114 
 
 his head. And it is slated that the high priests 
 have their resemblances of the various orna 
 ments worn by the ancient high priests ; and 
 even a resemblance of the breast-plate. .These 
 men have been called by the white people, igno 
 rant of Indian customs, jugglers. But they are 
 now ascertained by good witnesses, as a manifest 
 though corrupt succession of the high priesthood 
 in ancient Israel. Bartram says, those, with in 
 ferior priests and prophets, have been maintained 
 in most if not all the tribes. 
 
 The Indian high priest makes his yearly atone 
 ment for sin. He appears at their temple, (such 
 as it is) arrayed in his white deer skin garments, 
 seeming to answer to the ancient ephod. Enter 
 ing on his duty, the waiter spreads a white seat 
 with a white dressed buckskin, close by the holi 
 est apartment of their temple; and puts on his 
 white beads offered by the people. A variety of 
 curious things are described in this dress, by Mr. 
 Adair, as pretty evidently designed imitations of 
 the parts of ancient pontifical dress, which it 
 would exceed my limits to describe. This dress 
 is left in the holy place of their temple, till the 
 hijrh priest comes to officiate again. His breast 
 plate is made of a white conch shell, through 
 which two straps of otter skin pass in two perfo 
 rations ; while white buttons of buck's horn are 
 superadded, as though in imitation of the pre 
 cious stones on the ancient breast-plate, 
 skin wreath adorns his head, instead of t 
 cient plate of gold. And for the ancient 
 the Archi-magus, has his tuft of white ft; 
 His holy fire he obtains by rubbing two sti 
 gether ; and his golden bells and pomcgi 
 are formed of the dried spurs of wild tn- 
 strung so as to rattle on his line mocasins* 
 
/ Mr. Adair assures us, when the Fndian Archi- 
 magus (high priest) is addressing his people, and 
 enforcing 4 * the divine speech," that he calls 
 them " the beloved and holy people," according 
 to the language concerning ancient Israel. He 
 urges them %c to imitate their virtuous ancestors," 
 asid " flourishes upoa their beloved land, flowing 
 with milk and honey." 
 
 Mr. Adair describes the Indian feasts, and 
 speaks of them as hearing a very near resem 
 blance of the stated feasts in ancient Israel. He 
 gives accounts that when the Indians are about 
 to engage in war, they have their preparatory 
 sacrifices, purifications, and fastings. . He speaks 
 of their daily sacrifice, their ablutions, marriages, 
 divorces, burials, mournings for the dead, sepa 
 rations of women, and punishment of various 
 crimes, as being, in his opiaioa, manifestly of 
 Hebrew origin. 
 
 Their reckonings of time, Mr. Adair viewed 
 as evidently Hebrew. They begin their year, 
 as did Israel, at the first appearance of new moon 
 after the vernal equinox. They reckon by the 
 foar seasons, and by the sub-divisions of the 
 moons. 
 
 Bartram says, the Indians believe their bigfe 
 priests have intimate communion with the world 
 of spirits ; and that no great design is formed by 
 the ' ' is without his counsel. 
 
 Thr Wmipoils, far to the west, we learn in 
 C'A\r- ' ' rver's travels among the western In 
 dia^, have their high priest, who pretends to 
 !macy with the Great Spirit, and to be 
 etel future events ; as is the case with 
 1'ioes, at the Grand Portage. Certain 
 he thus found among different Indians, 
 
116 
 
 \vhich show them to have been of the same ori 
 gin. 
 
 Within about eighty years, men inform, that 
 these rites of the high priests have been more 
 neglected. The Indians inform, that in 1747, 
 the high priest in the Natchez, was struck dead 
 by lightning, while using his invocation for rain. 
 They suppose the Great Spirit to have been an 
 gry with him for some impurity ; and with the. 
 " darting fire, and threatening voice," took him 
 away ; arid forbid them to renew the like at 
 tempt. 
 
 Bartram gives a description of a southern In 
 dia:! temple. It is a square of small buildings in 
 the centre of their Indian town. The small 
 buildings of one story cover perhaps half an acre, 
 more or less, according to the strength of the 
 In be. In one of these buildings they hold their 
 councils. A part of this building is shut up as a 
 holy of holies ; and it is death f^r any but the 
 high priest, to enter it. Here they deposit their 
 most sacred things ; as the physic-pot, rattles, 
 vts, eagle's tail, and pipe of peace. 
 
 To this temple u the males (as in ancient Is 
 rael) are obliged to assemble three times a year : 
 viz. at the feast of the first ripe fruits ; at the 
 feast for the success of hunting, about the time 
 of the ancient pentecost ; and the great feast for 
 the expiation of sins, about the time of ripe corn."' 
 No account could be given of these things, with 
 out a complicated miracle, unless the Indians 
 have descended from the tribes of Israel. 
 
 Mr. Boudinot informs, that '-when any of their 
 beloved people die, they soften the thought ot" 
 death by saying, "he is gone to sleep with his be 
 loved fathers." The ancient pious Hebrew cly- 
 
147 
 
 ing, " fell asleep, and was gathered to his peo 
 ple." 
 
 The Indians, when one dies, wash and anoint 
 the body. The Hebrews did the same. 
 
 Some of the southern Indians hire mourners 
 to bewail and magnify the merits of the dead. 
 Thus did the Hebrews : Jer. ix. 1 7. And the 
 Indians, as had the Hebrews, have their solemn 
 gongs on such occasions. A religious procession 
 moves round the corpse, singing, Yah, (Jah.) 
 Ho, is then sung by the procession. The leader 
 then says He; all follow. Then Wah is sung 
 by all. Thus they sing the syllables which com 
 pose Jah, Jehovah. The corpse is then buried 
 with the face to the east. 
 
 Lewis and Clark, in their tour to the Pacific, 
 inform that they found among the natives, in 
 those remote regions, receptacles for the dead, 
 always lying east and west; the door of the tomb 
 to the east, and the bodies in the tombs lying 
 with the face to the east. 
 
 The Indians, often bury with the corpse a va 
 riety of furniture ; and their bes>t things, if the 
 dead be a first character. The Hebrews did the 
 same. Josephus informs that Hyrcaims, a Mac- 
 cabee, when Jerusalem was besieged by the Syr 
 ian tyrant, and money was wanted, took from 
 King David's sepulchre 3000 talents, which had 
 1300 years before been buried with him. 
 
 Another noted Hebrew custom the Indians 
 
 Doctor Boudinot informs, that a worthy 
 
 rnins':er informed him, that as he was preaching 
 
 vi:'! irome Indians; between the exercises, ti- 
 
 vvere brought to an Indian woman present, 
 
 tl .-' her son was suddenly drowned. In deep 
 
 s she retired to a little distance, and sat 
 
 oil i ground. Female friends followed* and? 
 
*( around her. After sitting a season in solemn 
 Siie ice, the m >urni ig mother put her hand upon 
 her mouth, an-i then fell forward vv th her face 
 in the dust. Tlie rest all followed the exam > f. 
 The men we-it by thernselv r es, and did the same. 
 It is well known that laying the hand on the 
 mouth, and the mouth in the dust, is a distin 
 guished Hebraism. See Micah vii. 16 ; Lam. 
 iii. 29 ; Prov. xxx. 32. 
 
 Thus the reader is presented with a few of the 
 historical and religious traditions of the native 
 Americans ; and will judge for himself whether 
 they do not exhibit satisfactory evidence that 
 these natives, are the very tribes of Israel ? 
 
 So important an argument is furnished on fhi> 
 subject, from the Indians' place of refuge from 
 <-tr of blood, tlrat a particular head : $hall 
 be reserved for it, in a succeeding page. 
 
 Among what other people on earth can such 
 traditional evidence be found of their being the 
 descendants of the ten tribes ? It is believed no 
 other nation exhibits such evidence. Whence 
 came the natives of our continent, if they be not 
 the tribes of Israel / And where are ri-. ;sc rrlSji.'s 
 to be found? They are to be found. UHJ come 
 to-light, as Israelites; and this too, about the 
 present period. This results from the prophetic 
 scriptures, and the signs of the times. The de- 
 lants of Abraham are now soon to be recov- 
 L Where shall this branch of them be found 
 as having been providentially preserved, now for 
 2,500 years, if not in this sequestered land ? Tiu- 
 tribes of Israel might have found their way hith 
 er, as well as any other people. Some people 
 did find their way hither, and have brought down 
 ail these Hebraisms and traditions, which it seems 
 
119 
 
 as though could be furnished from no other quar 
 ter, than from the comrnomveaith of isn;t'.. 
 
 7. The celebratyd William P<rm* gicas acco-wils 
 of the natives of Pennsylvania.^ which go to cor 
 roborate the same point. Mr. Perm saw the In 
 dians of Pennsylvania, before they had been af 
 fected with the rude treatment of the white peo 
 ple. And in a letter to a friend in England, 
 he thus writes of those natives ; u 1 found them 
 with like countenances with the Hebrew race ; 
 and their children of so lively a resemblance to 
 them, that a man would think himself in Duke's 
 piace, or Barry -street, in London, when he sees 
 them." Here, without the least previous idea 
 of those natives being Israelites, that shrewd 
 man was struck with their perfect resemblance 
 of them ; and with other things which will be no 
 ted. He speaks of their dress and trinkets, as 
 notable, like those of ardent Israel ; their ear- 
 3, nose jewels, bracelets on their aims and 
 Je^s, rings (such as they were) on their lingers, 
 necklaces, made of polished shells foui>d in their 
 rivers, and on their coasts; bands, slit .!.-* ti; -\ 
 feathers ornamenting the heads of femaies, and 
 various strings of beads adorning several pans 
 of the body. 
 
 Mr. Peim adds to his friend, that " he consid 
 ered this people as under a dark night ; yet 
 they believed in God and immortality, without 
 the help of metaphysics. For he says, they in 
 formed him that there was a great king, who 
 made them that the souls of the good shall go 
 to Siim." He adds ; u Their worship consists in 
 two parts, sacriiice and cantieo, (songs.) The 
 first is with their first fruits ; and the first buck 
 
 * Quoted by Dr. Boudiiiot. 
 
ft* 
 
 they kill goes to the fire." Mr. Perm proceeds 
 to describe their spjcndid feast oi urn ripe iruits, 
 one of which he had attended. He informs ; 
 Ci Ail that go to this feast must take a piece of, 
 money, which is made of the bone of a fi?li." 
 " None shall appear before me empty." He 
 speaks of the agreement of their rites with those 
 of the Hebrews. He adds ; " They reckon by 
 moons ; they oiler their first ripe fruits ; they 
 have a kind of feast of tabernacles ; they are 
 said to lay their altars with twelve stones ; they 
 mourn a year; they have their separations of 
 women ; with many other things that do not now 
 occur." Here is a most artless testimony, given 
 by that notable man drawn from his own obser 
 vations, and accounts given by him; while the 
 thought of this people's being actually Hebrew, 
 probably was most distant from his mind. 
 
 8. Their having a tribe, answering in -carious 
 respects, to the tribe of Lcvi, sheds further light 
 on this subject. The thought naturally occurs, 
 that if these are the ten tribes, and they have 
 preserved so many of their religious traditions ; 
 should we not be likely to find among them some 
 tradition of a tribe answering to the tribe of Le- 
 vi f l If we should find something of this, the evi 
 dence of their being the tribes of Israel would 
 indeed be more striking. Possibly this is fur 
 nished. The Mohawk tribe were held by the 
 other tribes in great reverence ; and the other 
 tr?bcs round about them had been accustomed to 
 pay them an annual tribute. Mr. Boudiuot gives 
 the following account of them. " Mr. Golden 
 says, he had bee.i told by old men (Indians) in 
 New-England, that when their Indians were ;:t 
 war formerly with the Mohawks, as soon as one 
 (a Mohawk) appeared, the Indians would raise a 
 
121 
 
 cry, from hill to hill, a Mohawk ! a Mohawk ! up 
 on which all would flee as sheep before a wolf, 
 without attempting to make the least resistance. 
 And that all the nations around them have for 
 many years, entirely submitted to their advice, 
 and paid them a yearly tribute. And the tribu 
 tary nations dared not to make war or peace, with 
 out the consent of the Mohawks." Mr. Coidea 
 goes on to state an instance of their speech to 
 the governor of Virginia, in which it appears the 
 Mohawks were the correctors of the misdoings of 
 the other tribes. 
 
 Now, could any thing be found in their name, 
 which might have an allusion to the superiority 
 of the tribe of Levi ; we should think the evi 
 dence very considerable, that here are indeed 
 the descendants of the- part of that tribe which 
 clave to the house of Israel. And here too evi 
 dence seems not wholly wanting. The Hebrew 
 word Mkhokkek, signifies an interpreter of the law, 
 superior. We have, then, a new view of the 
 possible origin of the Mohawks ! 
 
 9. Several prophetic traits of character given of 
 the Hebrews, do accurately apply to the aborigines 
 of America. Intemperance may be first noted. 
 Isaiah, writing about the time of the expulsion of 
 Israel from Canaan, and about to predict their 
 restoration, says ; Isai. xxviii. 1 " Wo to the 
 crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim ; 
 (Ephraim was a noted name of the ten tribes of 
 Israel.) The crown of pride, the drunkards of 
 Ephraim, shall be trodden under feet. For ail 
 tables shall be full of vomit and filthiaess; so that 
 there is no place clean." 
 
 In the course of the descriptions of their drun 
 kenness, that of their rejection and restoration ig 
 ibiended ; that the Lord by a mighty one would 
 11 
 
cast them down to the earth ; and their glorious 
 beauty should be like that of a rich flower in a fer 
 tile valley, which droops, withers and dies. But 
 in time God would revive it. " In that day shall 
 the Lord of hosts be for a crown of glory, and 
 for a diadem of beauty unto the residue of this 
 people." None who know the character of the 
 Indians in relation to intemperance, need to be 
 informed that this picture does most singularly 
 apply to them. 
 
 Doctor Williams in his history of Vermont, on 
 this trait of Indian character, says ; " No sooner 
 had the Indians tasted of the spirituous liquors 
 brought by the Europeans, than they contracted 
 a new appetite, which they were wholly unable 
 to govern. The old and the young, the sachem, 
 the warrior, and the women, whenever they can 
 obtain liquors, indulge themselves without mode 
 ration and without decency, till universal drunk 
 enness takes place. All the tribes appear to be 
 under the dominion of this appetite, and unable 
 to govern it." 
 
 A writer in the Connecticut Magazine assures 
 us of the Indians in Massachusetts, when our fa 
 thers first arrived there ; " As soon as they had 
 a taste of ardent spirits, they discovered a strong 
 appetite for them ; and their thirst soon became 
 insatiable." 
 
 Another trait of Hebrew character which sin 
 gularly applies to the Indians, is found in Isai. iii. 
 '"The bravery of their iir.kiing oniair.cnts, about 
 their feet ; their cauls, and round tines like the 
 moon ; their chains, bracelets, mufflers, bonnets, 
 ornaments of the legs ; head-bands, tablets, car- 
 .;>, and nose-jewels ; the mantles, the 
 ~>&s; and the crisping pins." Ore would 
 ine the prophet was here indeed describing 
 
123 
 
 other people on earth probably bear a resem 
 blance to such a degree. 
 
 This description was given just before the ex 
 pulsion of Israel. And nothing would be more 
 likely than that their taste for these fleshy orna 
 ments should descend to posterity. For these 
 make the earliest and deepest impressions on the 
 rising generation. 
 
 1 0. The Indians being in tribes, with their heads 
 find names of tribes, affords further light upon 
 Ihis subject. The Hebrews not only had their 
 tribes, and heads of tribes, as have the Indians; 
 but they had their animal emblems of their tribes. 
 Dan's emblem was a serpent; Issachar's an ass ; 
 Benjamin's a wolf; and Judah's a lion. And this 
 trait of character is not wanting among the na 
 tives of this land. They have their wolf tribe ; 
 their tiger tribe ; panther tribe ; buffalo tribe ; 
 bear tribe ; deer tribe ; raccoon tribe ; eagle 
 tribe, and many others. What other nation on 
 earth bears any resemblance to this ? Here, no 
 doubt, is Hebrew tradition. 
 
 Various of the emblems given in Jacob's last 
 blessing, have been strikingly fulfilled in the 
 American Indians. " Dan shall be a serpent by 
 the way ; an adder in the path, that biteth the 
 horse heels, so that the rider shall fall back 
 wards. Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf; in the 
 morning he shall devour the prey; and at night 
 he shall divide the spoil." Had the prophetic 
 eye rested on the American aborigines, it seems 
 as though no picture could have been more ac 
 curate. 
 
 1 1 . Their having an imitation of the ancient 
 city of refuge, evinces the truth of our subject. 
 Their city of refuge has been hinted from rr r. 
 Adair. But as this is so convincing an argument, 
 
(no nation on earth having any thing of the kind, 
 but the ancient Hebrews and the Indians ;) the 
 reader shall be more particularly instructed on 
 this article. Of one of these places of refuse, 
 Mr. Boudinot says ; " The town of. refuge called 
 Choate, is on a large stream of the Mississippi, 
 five miles above where Fort London formerly 
 stood. Here, some years ago, a brave English 
 man was protected, after killing an Indian war 
 rior in defence of his property. He told Mr. 
 Ad-air that after some Eioriths slay in this place of 
 refuge, he intended to return to his house in the 
 neighborhood ; but the chiefs told him it would 
 prove fatal to him. So that he was obliged to 
 continue there, till he pacified the friends of the 
 deceased, by presents to their satisfaction. " In 
 the upper country of Muskagee, (says Doctor 
 Boudinot) was an old beloved town, called Koo- 
 sah which is a place of safety for those who kill 
 unclesignedly." 
 
 u l;i almost every Indian nation (he adds) there 
 arc several peaceable towns, which are called old 
 beloved, holy, or white towns. It is not within the 
 memory of the oldest people, that blood was ever 
 frhed in them ; although'they often force persons 
 from them, a ad put them elsewhere to death." 
 "Who can read this, and not be satisfied of the 
 
 i\ of this Indian tradition. 
 The well known trait of Indian character, that 
 thev will pursue one who has killed any of their 
 friends, ever so far, and ever so long, as an aven 
 ger of the blood shed, thus lies clearly open to 
 view. It originated in the permission given to 
 an avenger of blood in the commonwealth of Is 
 rael ; and is found in such a degree, probably, in 
 r nation. 
 
125 
 
 12. Other Indian rites, and various other cvn,- 
 siderations, go to evince the fact, that this people 
 are the ten tribes of Israel. Further details are 
 given, and might be enlarged upon : as, religious 
 separations of Indian females, almost exactly an 
 swering to the law in ancient Israel; their beginn 
 ing their year as did bra el, with the new moon after 
 the vernal equinox ; their special attention paid 
 to new moons, as was paid in Israel; their green- 
 corn moon, the most lovely of all, even as Israel 
 had their beloved month Abib, which signifies 
 an ear of green corn ; their Jubilee declared to 
 have been observed by some of the natives : 
 " Melvenda and Acasta both affirm, that the na 
 tives keep a Jubilee according to the usage in 
 Israel." The testimony of Edwards, in his 
 " West Indies," that the striking uniformity of 
 the prejudices and customs of the Caribbee In 
 dians, to the practices of the Jews, has not esca 
 ped the notice of historians, as Gumella, Du 
 Tertre, and others;" and the various predictions 
 of the final restoration of Israel, bringing them 
 from the ends of the earth, from the west, and 
 (as one translates it) " from the going down of 
 the sun." These things open fruitful sources of 
 evidence. 
 
 But I have more than equalled my designed 
 limits. It is again asked, is it possible to find an 
 other people on earth exhibiting an equal degree 
 of evidence of their being the ten tribes of Is 
 rael ? Can another people on earth be found ex 
 hibiting one sixth part of the evidence adduced 
 in favour of the American natives ? We expect 
 no new revelation, nor miracles wrought, to in- 
 iurm who are the ten tribes of Israel. Here is 
 just such evidence as we should rationally look 
 for ; but six times as much of it, as we should 
 
126 
 
 dare to hare expected, after a lapse of 2500 
 years, with a people without letters. Our abo 
 rigines are essentially distinguished from all oth 
 er pagans on earth, in the uniform belief of most 
 of them of one God ; and their freedom from 
 false gods ; as well as in many other striking 
 things, which appear in their history. 
 
 How prone have been mankind, in all ages, to 
 idolatry. Hundreds of thousands of false gods, 
 of every foolish description, have existed in the 
 bewildered imaginations of men destitute of rev 
 elation. But the knowledge of the true God 
 was renounced. "As they did not like to retain 
 God in their knowledge, God gave them up" to 
 almost every description of idolatry. How early 
 did the world (in several centuries after the 
 flood) go off to gross idolatry, even undec the in 
 structions of the patriarchs, and so soon after the 
 terrible admonition of the flood ! The natives of 
 one of the greatest islands of the eastern ocean, 
 are so depraved, that it has not been known that 
 they had the least idea of any Supreme Being. 
 How prone were the Jews and Israel, in ancient 
 times, even under all their rich advantages, to 
 unite in the idolatries of their heathen neigh 
 bours ! 
 
 But the 70 years captivity of the Jews in Ba 
 bylon, cured them utterly of idolatry, from that 
 day to this. While they have been dispersed, 
 and been infidels relative to Jesus Christ ; they 
 have been firm believers in the Old Testament, 
 and in the one God of Abraham. It is analogous 
 with this to expect, that the ten tribes (wherever 
 they are) would be cured, as well as the Jews, of 
 their gross idolatry, and would be kept during 
 their long outcast state, in a situation somewhat 
 resembling that of the Jews, in their speculation 
 
127 
 
 concerning God. Such has been the case with 
 the natives of this continent, at least to as great 
 a degree as could be without a bible or letters ; 
 and such has been the case with no other people 
 on earth ! Nothing but the very special power 
 and mercy of God, could have kept these natives 
 in this traditional habit of acknowledging the one 
 only living and true God, as they have done. 
 While they have been dead to the life of religion, 
 as a valley of dry bones ; yet they have strangely 
 been kept from acknowledging any other God but 
 Jehovah, the Great Spirit, who made them and 
 all things. 
 
 And light, in these last days of wonders, (when 
 the time for the restoration of Israel and Judah is 
 drawing near) has been breaking out and accu 
 mulating on this subject, to exhibit this origin of 
 the American natives. It is ascertained in the 
 " Star in the West," that Spaniards, Portuguese, 
 French, English, Jews, and Christians, men of 
 learning, and the illiterate, and sea-faring men ; 
 (til have united in the statements of facts, which go 
 to indicate that these Indians are the descendants 
 of Israel! Mr. M'Kenzie has travelled from the 
 Atlantic very far to the north-west ; and some of 
 his statements of facts go to the same point. Vari 
 ous of the European visitants to this continent, 
 early after it was known to the civilized world, ex 
 pressed their surprise on finding among the natives 
 things which bore such a resemblance to the his 
 tory of ancient Israel. What account can be 
 given of all this, out that here are Ihe very ten 
 tribes ? These tribes must be somewhere on 
 earth. Where are they ? How can they be 
 known ? Whence came our native Americans ? 
 W T hat other account can be given of their tradi 
 tions, their language, Hebrew words and phrases, 
 
128 
 
 (the radical language of their tribes) and' the 
 broken fragments of the ancient economy of Is 
 rael running through so many of them ? It would 
 be far wilder and more diflicult to account for 
 these things on any other principle, than to say 
 we have evidence that is satisfactory, of having 
 found at last, the very valley of the dry bones of 
 the house of Israel! The facts stated of them, 
 must on every other principle, appear most unac 
 countable, not to say miraculous. 
 
 Before any degree of confidence is admitted 
 against the evidences adduced, as though other 
 and more conclusive evidence must point out at 
 'last, the ten tribes ; let it be recollected, that the 
 divine mode of affording evidence is not always 
 such as human wisdom would dictate. The Jewi 
 had their strong objections against the evidences 
 of the divinity, the resurrection and ascension of 
 Christ. These were not such as they would have 
 chosen. In the midst of such evidences as God 
 saw fit to afford, the Jews required more. "What 
 sign showest thou ?" " How long dost thou make 
 us to doubt?" "Let him descend from the cross, 
 that we may see and believe." Naaman had 
 formed his expectations how his cure would be 
 effected, by the prophet in Israel. He " would 
 come out and lay his hand on the sore, and call 
 upon his God and heal him." And for the mor 
 tifying reverse of this, he turned to go away in a 
 rage. 
 
 Many things may be very probably fancied 
 concerning the kinds or degrees of evidence, 
 which must at last exhibit the ten tribes to the 
 world. But Providence may adopt a different 
 method. The methods divinely adopted in eve~ 
 ry point, have usually been such as to stain the 
 .pride of all human glory. The Afghans in Per- 
 
129 
 
 sia may prove to be a small part of the ten tribes. 
 But it is doubted whether their evidence is by 
 any means so full as that of the American na 
 tives. The latter have, to say the least, very 
 considerable of just such kind of evidence, as it 
 would naturally be supposed must bring to light 
 the ten tribes after remaining for millenaries in 
 a savage state. May the subject be duly exam 
 ined, and a correct decision in due time be form 
 ed. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 AN ADDRESS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PROPHET ISAIAH, 
 
 RELATIVE TO THE RESTORATION OF HIS 
 PEOPLE. 
 
 AN interesting address is found in the 18th 
 chapter of Isaiah to some people of the last days; 
 calling them to have a special agency in the recov 
 ery and restoration of the ancient people of God. 
 Many years ago, while writing my Dissertation on 
 the Prophecies, I hecame much interested in this 
 address of Isaiah ; and in that dissertation, gave 
 a paraphrase .of it ; conceiving' then it was an 
 address to the people of God in Great Britain. 
 I have since become of a different opinion ; and 
 now apprehend it to he an address to the Chris 
 tian people of the United States of America. 
 
 To prepare the way for the contemplation of 
 this address, let several things be considered : 
 
 1. In the pi : rings, many addresses 
 
 are made to nation--, or concerning them. Would 
 
 it no, if iio mention were found in the 
 
 j.rophec; s new western world; which 
 
 was destined by propitious Heaven to make so 
 
 nguishing a figure both in the political and 
 
 lous world, in the last days ? It certain!/ 
 
132 
 
 would seem unaccountable, and the thought can 
 hardly be admitted. 
 
 2. The address in the eighteenth of Isaiah, to 
 be contemplated, is clearly an address to some 
 people concerning events to transpire in thej#s 
 days ; and which are intimately connected with 
 the " battle of that great day of God Almighty, 
 which is still future ; and which is to introduce 
 the Millennium. This appears in verses 5, 6, 7, 
 of the chapter, which will by and by be noted. 
 Hence, 
 
 3. The address cannot have been to any an 
 cient nation or people ; as some expositors have 
 inconsiderately supposed. But it must be to a 
 nation of the last days ; a nation now on earth ; 
 a nation to be peculiarly instrumental in the res 
 toration of the Hebrews in the last days. For 
 this is the very object of the address, as will ap 
 pear. The demand in the address is, to go and 
 restore that ancient people of God in the last 
 days; or at a time intimately connected with the 
 tremendous scenes on antic hristian Europe, and 
 on the hostile wicked world, v which shall sweep 
 antichristian nations from the earth, and pre 
 pare the way for the millennial kingdom of Jesus 
 Christ. This will clearly appear. 
 
 4. The address then, is to a nation, that may- 
 seem to have leisure for the important business 
 assigned, when the old and eastern parts of the 
 world are in the effervescence of revolution, and 
 in those struggles wh:ch precede dissolution. 
 This consideration fixes the address to a people 
 distinct and distant from those oM lands; and 
 hence probably to our new world. 
 
 5. If it be a fact, as is apprehended, that 
 the aborigines of our co-ili o:;i are indeed de 
 scended from the ten tribe* of Israel our ua- 
 
133 
 
 lion, no doubt, must be tbe people addressed to 
 restore them ; to bring them to the knowledge, of 
 the gospel, and to do with thcnl whatever the 
 God of Abraham designs shall he done. The 
 great and generous Christian people, who occu 
 py much of the land of those natives, and who 
 are on the ground of their continent, and hence 
 are the best prepared to meliorate their condi 
 tion, and bring them to the knowledge and order 
 of the God of Israel, must of course be the peo 
 ple to whom this work is assigned. This one 
 consideration would do much toward the decis 
 ion of our question, Who is the nation address 
 ed? 
 
 6. Various things are found in the predictions 
 of the restoration of God's ancient people, which 
 strikingly accord with the idea of a great branch 
 of them being recovered from this land, and by 
 the agency of the people of our States. A few 
 of these shall be noted. 
 
 In the thirtieth and thirty-first chapters of Jer 
 emiah, the prophet treats of the united restora 
 tion of Judah and Israel. These chapters were 
 written about one hundred and twenty years af 
 ter the expulsion of the ten tribes. And in rela 
 tion to the ten tribes, they have never yet had 
 even a primary accomplishment, or any degree 
 of fulfilment. The restoration there predicted 
 is to be in "the latter days ;" chap. xxx. 24: and 
 at the time near the battle of the great day ; see 
 verse 6 8, 23, 24. Much of the substance of 
 these chapters is appropriated to the ten tribes 
 of Israel ; though Judah is expressly to be res 
 tored with them. Of the former, (having then 
 been outcast for an hundred and twenty years,) 
 God says ; chap. xxxi. 20 ; " Is Ephraim my 
 dear son ? Is he a pleasant child ? For since I 
 12 
 
134 
 
 spake against him, (or expelled him from Ca 
 naan,) 1 do earnestly remember him still ; there 
 fore my bowels are troubled for him; I will sure 
 ly have mercy upon him, sailh the Lord." The 
 next verse invites and predicts his final restora 
 tion. These yearnings of the divine compas 
 sion for Ephraim (one noted name of the ten 
 tribes) are the immediate precursor of his resto 
 ration. " 1 will surely have mercy upon him, 
 saith the Lord. Set thee up way-marks, make 
 thee high heaps, set thine heart toward the high 
 way turn again, O vicgin of Israel ; turn again 
 to these thy cities." " J will again be the God 
 of all the families of Israel ; and they shall be 
 my people." " For lo, the days come, saith the 
 Lord, that I will bring again the captivity of my 
 people Israel and Juda'h ; and I will cause them 
 to return to the land that I gave to their fathers, 
 and they shall possess it." " Fear thou not, O 
 my servant Jacob, saith the Lord ; neither be 
 dismayed, O Israel ; for lo, I will save thee from 
 ftfar." " Behold I will bring them from the 
 'north country, and gather them from (he coasts 
 of the earth." In this country "afar" off, these 
 ki coasts of the earth," they had been in an out 
 cast state. " Because they called thee an outcast^ 
 saying ; " This is Zion, whom no man seekcth af 
 ter." (For more than 2000 years none sought af 
 ter the ten tribes.) These ideas strikingly ac 
 cord with their having been outcasts from the 
 known world, in America. This might with sin 
 gular propriety be called the land afar off, and 
 the coasts of the earth. 
 
 In the same connexion, when God promises to 
 gather them "from the coasts of the earth," and 
 says, " they shall come with weeping and with 
 supplication j for I am a father to Israel, and 
 
135 
 
 Ephraim is my first born ;" he adds ; " Hear 
 the word of the Lord, O ye nations, and declare 
 it in the isles afar oif, and say, He that scattered 
 Israel will gather him, and keep him as the shep 
 herd doth his flock." "Isles afar off!" Isles in 
 the Hebrew language, signify any lands, ever so 
 extensive, away over great waters. Where can 
 these "isles afar off," (these "coasts of the earth" 
 here addressed by God in relation to the restora 
 tion of lils outcast yet beloved Ephraim,) where 
 can they be so naturally found as in America ? 
 
 In other prophets the same things are found. 
 In Isai. xliii. God promises this same restoration 
 of Israel. " But now, thus saith the Lord, that 
 created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, 
 
 Israel ; Fear not, for I have redeemed thee, I 
 have called thee by thy name ; thou art mine. 
 When thou passest through the waters, I will be 
 with thee. I have loved thee with an everlast 
 ing love ; therefore will I give men for thee, and 
 people for thy life. Fear not, for I am with thee. 
 
 1 will bring thy seed from the east, and gather 
 thee from the west : I will say to the north, Give 
 up ; and to the south, Keep not back : bring my 
 sons from far, and ray daughters from the ends of 
 Ike earth." " Thus saith the Lord, who muketh 
 a way in the sea, and. a path in the mighty wa 
 ters ; Behold I will do a new thing ; now it shall 
 spring forth ; shall ye not know it ? I will even 
 make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the 
 desert." In Isai. xi. is this wonderful restora 
 tion. Ephraim and Judah are both restored ; 
 the one from his "dispersed," the other from his 
 "outcast" state ; and their mutual envies are for 
 ever healed. And the places from which they 
 are recovered are noted ; among which are " the 
 i*les of th>> sen ;" or lands away over the sea, 
 
136 
 
 and " the four corners of the earth. ^ Certainly 
 then, from America ! This surely is one of the 
 four cornqrs of the earth. Of such a land away 
 over sea, it is predicted, Isai. Ix. 9 ; " Surely the 
 isles shall wait for me, and the ships of Tarshish 
 first, (or a power expert in navigation,) to bring 
 my sons from far."- In Zech. viii. 7, is the same 
 event. " Thus saith the Lord of hosts ; Behold 
 I will save my people from the east country, and 
 from the west count, -y ; and I will bring them, 
 and they shall dwell in Jerusalem; and they shall 
 be my people, and I will he their God." Here 
 they are saved from the west country ; or as it 
 may be rendered, from the going down of the sun. 
 The going down of the sun from Jerusalem, 
 would be over America. In Zech. x. 8, 9, is 
 this same restoration of Ephraim by name ; 
 meaning the ten tribes. "1 will hiss for them, 
 (or Caii them,) and gather them ; for I have re* 
 deemed them. And they shall remember me from 
 far countries; and they shall live, and their chil 
 dren, and turn again." 
 
 Such promises of the restoration of Israel from 
 far countries, from the west, or the going down of 
 the sun, from the coasts of the earth, from the 
 ends of the earth, from isles afar, their being 
 brought in ships from far,, making their way in 
 the sea, their path in the mighty waters ; these 
 expressions certainly well accord with the ten 
 tribes being brought from America. And such 
 passages imply an agency by which such a resto 
 ration shall be effected. Where shall such an 
 agency be so naturally found, as among a great 
 Christian people, providentially planted on the 
 very ground occupied by the outcast tribes of 
 Israel in their long exilement ; and who are so 
 happily remote from the bloody scenes of Eu- 
 
137 
 
 rope in the last days, as to have leisure for the 
 important business assigned ? 
 
 Surely then, this business would be assigned, 
 either tacitly or expressly, to our nation. At this 
 conclusion we safely arrive, reasoning a priori. 
 The circumstances of the case enforce it. And 
 we might expect so interesting a duty, relative 
 to an event on which the prophecies so abun 
 dantly rest, would not be left to uncertain deduc 
 tions, but would be expressly enjoined. 
 
 We may then, open the prophetic scriptures 
 with some good degree of confidence, that the 
 assignment of such a task is somewhere to be 
 found. And where so natural to be found as in 
 the prophecy of Isaiah ? He is the most evan 
 gelical prophet ; arid treats largely upon the res 
 toration of his brethren. He lived to behold the 
 expulsion of the ten tribes ; and must have been 
 deeply affected with the event. The expulsion 
 of the ten tribes took place 725 years before 
 Christ. Isaiah is supposed to have begun his 
 ministry about the year 760 before Christ ; 35 
 years before that expulsion ; and to have contin 
 ued it about 27 years after that event. It is then 
 very natural, to consider his mind as deeply af 
 fected with this event ; with the place of the 
 long exilement of his brethren of Israel ; and as 
 delighted with a view of their final restoration, 
 which he was inspired to foretel. 
 
 Behold this man of God then, wrapt in the visr 
 ions of the Almighty, casting an eye of faith down 
 the lapse of time to the days of the final restora 
 tion of his long rejected brethren. He finds pre 
 sented in vision, away over the Mediterranean, 
 and the Atlantic, far in the west^ or going down 
 of the sun, the continent of their long banish 
 ment. He also beholds in vision a great nation 
 12* 
 
rising there in the last days ; a land of freedom 
 and religion. He hears the whisper of the Spir 
 it of inspiration, directing him to address that far 
 sequestered and happy land ; and call their at 
 tention to the final restoration of his people, 
 
 Isaiah xviii. verse 1. " Ho, land shadowing 
 with wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethio 
 pia." Our translators render this address, fci Wo 
 to the land." But this is manifestly incorrect, 
 as the best expositors agree. The Hebrew par 
 ticle here translated Wo to, is a particle of friend 
 ly calling, as well as of denouncing. And the 
 connexion in any given place, must decide which 
 rendering shall he given. In this place, the 
 whole connexion and sense decide, that the word 
 is here a friendly call, or address ; as in this pas 
 sage ; " Ho every one that thirsteth, come ye to 
 the waters." 
 
 The land addressed, lies " beyond the rivers 
 of Ethiopia." It is agreed that these rivers 
 mean the mouths of the Nile, which enter from 
 Egypt into the south side of the Mediterranean. 
 It is as though the prophet had said ; Thou land 
 beheld in vision away over the mouths of the Nile. 
 Where would such a line strike? It would glance 
 over the northern edge of the States of Barbary. 
 But could the friendly address to a people of the 
 last days, light on those barbarous Mohammedan 
 shores ? Surely not. No land " shadowing with 
 zcings," or that would aid the restoration of the 
 Hebrews, is found in those horrid regions. No : 
 the point of compass and the address must have 
 been designed for a new world, seen in that di 
 rection. This address of Heaven must be to 
 our western continent ; or to a hospitable people 
 found here. Our southern boundary is not far 
 from the latitude of the mouths of the Nile. The 
 
139 
 
 prophetic eye glanced beyond all lands then, 
 known ; and hence no land is named. It must 
 have been a land over the Mediterranean, and 
 the Atlantic. 
 
 Thou land " shadowing with wings." The 
 above direction lands the prophetic vision at the 
 point of the western continent, where the two 
 great wings of North and South America meet, as 
 at the body of a great Eagle. This at first might 
 furnish the prophetic imagery of a land " shad 
 owing with wings." As though the inspiring 
 Spirit had whispered; The continent of those two 
 great wings shall be found at last most interest 
 ing in relation to your Hebrew brethren. 
 
 And those two great wings shall prove but an 
 emblem of a great nation then on that continent; 
 far sequestered from the seat of antichrist, and of 
 tyranny and blood ; and whose asylum for equal 
 rights, liberty, and religion, shall be well repre 
 sented by such a national coat of arms. the pro 
 tecting wings of a great Eagle ; which nation in 
 yonder setting of the sun. (when in the last days, 
 judgments shall be thundering through the na 
 tions of the eastern continent,) shall be found a 
 realm of peaceful protection to all, who fly from 
 the abodes of despotism to its peaceful retreat ; 
 even as an eagle protects her nest from all harm. 
 Yea, a land that, when all other lands shall be 
 found to have trampled on the Jews, shall be 
 found to have protecting wings for them ; free 
 from such cruelty, and ready to aid them. 
 
 Verse 2. " Who sendeth ambassadors by the, 
 sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the face of 
 the waters." It is to be supposed that a great 
 difficulty would at once present itself to the pro 
 phet's view, when beholding in vision this west 
 ern continent, over the mighty waters of the 
 
140 
 
 Mediterranean, and the Atlantic, and about to 
 be called to restore his people. What could be 
 done across such mighty waters ? The difficulty 
 at once vanishes, by the prophet's being ascer 
 tained of this characteristic of the people ad 
 dressed. They would be most expert in navi 
 gation. They could traverse the Atlantic, and 
 Mediterranean, and be able to send missionaries 
 to Jerusalem, or to the ends of the earth, in those 
 last days, or convey the Hebrews from one conti 
 nent to another, with an expedition similar to 
 that with which the Nile (beyond which this new 
 world is beheld) used to be navigated with the 
 skiifs made of the bulrush, or the rind of the pa 
 pyrus.* 
 
 Verse 2, concluded. " Saying, Go ye swift 
 messengers- to a nation scattered and pealed, to a 
 people terrible from the beginning hitherto ; a na 
 tion meted out and trodden down, whose land the 
 rivers have spoiled." ' Saying? before the com 
 mand Go, is interpolated in our translation, and 
 destroys the sense; as though the nation said this 
 to her swift messengers ; whereas it is what God 
 says to the nation addressed, q. d. Come thou 
 protecting nation ; I have a great business for 
 you. Collect and restore my ancient people ; 
 that nation whose ancient history has been so re 
 markable and terrible ; that nation so long dis 
 persed, robbed, and insulted in the people of the 
 
 *Our ftates may claim the characteristic of expert naviga 
 tion, equal at least to any people on earth. Consider our 
 steam-boat navigation, and such accounts as the following ; 
 found in Niles' Register, of March 22, 1823. " Baltimore 
 vessels. The brig Thessalian arrived at Baltimore on Satur 
 day evening last, in 79 days from Lima, and 24 from the sight 
 of the city of Pernambuco, in Brazil; a distance of 12,000 
 miles ; averaging six and a quarter miles every hour of her 
 passage. This vessel was, less than eight months ago, on th 
 stocks in this city." 
 
141 
 
 Jews ; and so long outcast in the ten tribes;- 6 
 That people of line, line, (as in the Hebrew, and 
 in the margin of the great Bible ;) or. whose on 
 ly hope to find their ancient inheritance must be 
 on the line of divine promise, or the entail of the 
 covenant. As the land addressed is described 
 as away over the mouths of the Nile; so various 
 characteristics in the address am suggested from 
 thoughts associated with that river, and the peo 
 ple on its banks ; ss the bulrush vessel just not 
 ed ; and here the measuring line. The river 
 Nile periodically overflowed its banks, and swept 
 away the boundaries of every man's inheritance 
 on its interval. Every man, then, had to depend 
 on a noted line, to measure anew and find his 
 land. So the Hebrews, having by their sins, and 
 expulsion from Canaan, and from the covenant 
 of Abraham, lost all the visible boundaries of 
 their inheritance; h::re no ground of hope of re 
 gaining their standing either in Palestine, or in 
 the covenant of grace, but the line of the mere 
 and sovereign promise of God, for their restora 
 tion. The word is doubled, line, line ; a mere 
 Hebraism, to form a superlative. As peace, peace, 
 means perfect peace, Isai. xxvi. 3; and as goody 
 good, means the best ; so line, line, means super 
 latively of line, or altogether dependent on the 
 mere promise of God. That the allusion is to 
 the event noted is evident from what follows : 
 " Whose land the rivers have spoiled." Whose 
 inheritance (in the Holy Land) has been torn 
 from them, and overrun by neigbouring hostile 
 nations, often symbolized by rivers, even as the 
 lands by the sides of the Nile often had their 
 boundaries swept away by the overflowings of 
 that river. Thus the Romans first, then the Per 
 sians, the Saracens, the Egyptians and the Turks, 
 
142 
 
 have overflowed and possessed the Holy Land. 
 But the line of divine promise will restore it to 
 the Hebrews.* 
 
 Go thou protecting people ; shadow with thy 
 wings my ancient family, as though Ihe Most 
 High should say ; For thus it is written ; "Sure 
 ly the isles shall wait for me, (or lands away over 
 sea from Palest' -e.) and the ships of Tarshish 
 first, (a people expert in navigation;) to bring my 
 sons from far." A far distant land over sea thai! 
 be engaged in this work. 
 
 Verse 3. "All ue. inhulita-it.^ cf the world* and 
 dwellers on ihe earth, sec ye when he liflclh up the 
 ensign on the mount&ins, and when he bloweth a 
 trumpet, hear yr." After the land shadowing 
 with wings is under way in fulfilment of the di 
 vine requirement; an apostrophe is made by the 
 Most High to all nations, to stand and behold the 
 banoer of salvation now erected for his ancient 
 people ; and to hear the great gospel trumpet, 
 the blessed Jubilee, now to be blown for their 
 collection and their freedom. The ancient sil 
 ver trumpets in Israel, collected their solemn as 
 semblies. And the same trumpets, with joyful 
 and peculiar blasts, ushered in the Jubilee morn, 
 and loosed every bond slave of the Hebrews. 
 And the antitype of the event shall now be ac 
 complished. 
 
 This standard of salvation at that period, is a 
 notable event in the prophets. See Isai. xi. 12, 
 where God sets his hand a second time to gather 
 his Hebrew family from all nations and regions 
 
 * Much perplexity had rested on the pa a ?agf, a nation nf 
 lintel i at; till the above solution occurred to mind. With 
 thi'- I am fully satisfied. It is natural, us is Ihe bulrush urivi- 
 gai ; on. It agrees with facts, and is confirmed by the clause 
 following: "whose laud the river 8 have spoiled." 
 
143 
 
 beyond sea ; doubtless from America, as well as 
 other nations ; and it is promised, ''" He shall set 
 up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble 
 the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dis 
 persed of Judah from the four corners of the 
 earth." If from the four corners of the earth ; 
 then surely from America ! In this passage are 
 the descriptive situations from which the two 
 great branches of the Hebrews are recovered : 
 Judah from being dispersed among the nations, 
 and Israel from being outcast from the nations ; 
 thrown out of sight of the social world, precisely 
 as they have been in the wilds of America for 
 more than two thousand years. 
 
 Verse 4. "For so t/ie Lord said unto me, I will 
 take my rest, and I will consider my dwelling 
 place like a clear heat upon herbs, and like a cloud 
 of dew in the heat of harvest." The event and 
 the figures in this passage are best explained by 
 those found in synchrouical passages, or prophe 
 cies alluding to the same event. And according 
 to them, it is as though the Most High should say. 
 I am now about to renew my ancient dwelling 
 place. I will again have a fued habitation in 
 Canaan; as Zech. i. 16 : " Thus saith the Lord, 
 I am again returned to Jerusalem with mercies ; 
 my house shall be built in it;" ai)d viii. 3; a Tbus 
 saith the Lord. I am returned unto Zion, and will 
 dwell in the midst of Jerusalem." And the event 
 shall be as " life from the dead" to the nations : 
 Rom. xi. 15. Therefore, ye gentile lands, now 
 behold. I will now be to rny ancient heritage 
 like the genial heat of the sun to promote vege 
 tation after the death of winter; as Isai. xxvi. 19, 
 " Thy dew is as the dew of herbs," which in the 
 spring shall vegetate. And I will be like the 
 fertile, cooling cloud in the sultry heat of bar- 
 
144 
 
 vest." The Hebrews shall now become "as the 
 tender grass springing out of the earth, by the 
 clear shining after rain ;" 2 Sarn. xxiii. 4. Yes, 
 " I will be as the dew unto Israel ; he shall grow 
 as the lily, and cast forth his roots as Lebanon ; 
 His branches shall spread, and his beauty shall 
 be as the olive tree, aad his smell as Lebanon ; 
 Hos. xiv. 5, 6. The nations shall behold this 
 fulfil rne at of divine grace to Israel, and shall find 
 instruments raised up adequate to the work. 
 
 Bat a tremendous scene to the antichristian 
 world shall be found intimately connected. 
 
 Verse 5. "For afore the harvest, when the bud 
 is perfect, and the sour grape is ripening in the 
 flower, he shall both cut off the sprigs with prun 
 ing hooks, and take away and cut down the bran 
 ches^ Or, near the fulfilment of this event of 
 the last days, a vast scene is to be accomplished. 
 Prophetic notice is ever given relative to that 
 period, that the salvation of the friends of Zion 
 shall be ushered in with a proportionable des 
 truction to her enemies. The harvest and vint 
 age of divine wrath, called " the battle of that 
 great day of God Almighty," must be accomplish 
 ed ; and at the time of the restoration of the 
 Hebrews, that tremendous event shall be at the 
 doors. As in the natural vineyard, when the 
 blossom is succeeded by the swelled pulp, which 
 soon reaches the size of the full grapes, indicat 
 ing that the vintage is near; so at the time of the 
 service here divinely demanded, wickedness shall 
 have blossomed ; pride shall have budded in an 
 tichristian realms. The sour grapes of their 
 tyranny, violence, and licentiousness, will be 
 found to be arriving at their growth ; indicating 
 that the time for the casting of the vine of the 
 
145 
 
 fcarth into the wine press of the wrath of God, is 
 jii^-.t ai hand. 
 
 Verse 6. " They shall be left together unto tht 
 fowls of the mountains, and the beasts of the 
 earth ; and the fowls shall summer upon them, 
 and the beasts of the earth shall winter upon 
 /Acm." Soon the most prominent branches of 
 the antichristian vine of the earth, shall be col 
 lected arid trodden upon the mountains of Israel, 
 in the noted scene of Armageddon ; Rev. xvi. 
 16. The passage noted in Ezek. xxxix. 17 20, 
 (at the time of the slaughter of Gog and his 
 bands, and which is given as an illustration of the 
 text,) shall then be accomplished. " ^nd thou 
 son of man, thus saith the Lord God, Speak unto 
 every feathered fowl, and to every beast of the 
 field, Assemble yourselves, and come ; gather 
 yourselves on every side to my sacrifice that \ do 
 sacrifice for you, even a great sacrifice upon the 
 mountains of Israel, that ye may eat flesh, and 
 drink blood. Ye shall eat the flesh of the mighty, 
 and drink the blood of the princes of the earth ; 
 of rams, of lambs, and of goats, of bullocks, all 
 of them failings of Bashau. And ye shall eat 
 fat till ye be full, and drink blood till ye be drun 
 ken, of my sacrifice which I sacrificed for you. 
 Thus ye shall be filled at my table with horses 
 and chariots, with mighty men, and with all men 
 of war, saith the Lord God." Also the further 
 illustration of the same, Rev. xix. 17, 18 ; "And 
 1 saw an arigel standing in the sun ; and he cried 
 with a loud voice, saying to all the fowls that fly 
 in the midst of heaven, Come and gather your 
 selves together unto the supper of the great God; 
 That ye may eat the flesh of kings and the flesh 
 of captains, and the flesh of mighty men, and the 
 flesh of horses, and of them that sit on them, and 
 13 
 
146 
 
 the flesh of all men, both free and bond, both 
 small and great." 
 
 Verse 7. " At that time shall the present be, 
 brought unto the Lord of hosts of a people scatter 
 ed and pealed, and from a people terrible from 
 the beginning hitherto ; a nation meted out and 
 trodden under foot, whose land the , rivers have 
 spoiled, to the place of the name of the Lord of 
 hosts, the Mount Zion." Just at that period of 
 the world, the present which I claim of you shall 
 be brought to the Lord of hosts, of that scatter 
 ed and outcast people; of that people so terrible 
 in ancient times to their enemies by the presence 
 and power of their God with them ; that people 
 of "/me, /me," or depending solely on the meas 
 uring line of promise, or the entail of the cove 
 nant, found in the sacred oracles for their resto 
 ration to their ancient inheritance in the church 
 of God, arid in the promised land ; inasmuch as 
 the boundaries of their inheritance in both these 
 respects have long since been swept away. A 
 present of this people must be brought by you, 
 sequestered land shadowing with wings, unto the 
 place of the name of the Lord of hosts, the 
 Mount Zion. 
 
 Ye friends of God in the land addressed ; can 
 you read this prophetic direction of the ancient 
 prophet Isaiah, without having your hearts burn 
 within you ? Surely you cannot, if you can view 
 it as an address of the Most High to you. God 
 here exalts you, in the last days, the age of terror 
 and blood, as high as the standard to be raised 
 for the collection of the seed of Abraham ; " on 
 the mountains." Nor is this the only passage, in 
 which this your exaltation is recognized. See 
 the same honour alluded to, in Zeph. iii. 10. 
 There, nearly connected with the battle of the 
 
147 
 
 great day of God, in which he there asserts he 
 " will gather the nations, and assemble the king 
 doms, to pour upon them his indignation, even all 
 his fierce anger, and all the earth shall be devour 
 ed with the fire of his jealousy ;" and that he 
 will then " turn to the people a pure language, 
 that they may all call upon the name of the Lord, 
 and serve him with one consent ;" he informs, 
 as in the address in Isaiah ; " From beyond the 
 rivers of Ethiopia, my suppliants (or a people 
 who are my worshippers,) shall bring mine otter 
 ing, even the daughter of my dispersed, (as the 
 verse should be read.) Here is the same peo 
 ple, away in the same direction, over the mouths 
 of the Nile, who are called God's suppliants, and 
 who, in those days of vengeance, are to bring 
 their offering to God, consisting of the descend 
 ants of his ancient people. 
 
 If these views be correct, Christians in our 
 land may well bless God that it is their happy lot 
 to live in this land shadowing with wings ; this 
 protecting realm, an asylum of liberty and reli 
 gion; a land so distant from the seat of antichrist 
 and of the judgments to be thundered down on 
 old corrupt establishments in the last days. And 
 their devout gratitude to Heaven ought to rise, 
 for the blessing of having their existence so near 
 the period alluded to in this sublime prediction, 
 when this land of liberty is beginning to feel her 
 distinguishing immunities compared with the es 
 tablishments of tyranny and corruption in the old 
 continent. We may rejoice to have our earthly 
 lot with a people of whom such honorable men 
 tion is made by the prophetic spirit of old ; and 
 to whom so noble a work is assigned. Our chil 
 dren coming upon the stage may live to see the 
 meaning and fulfilment of this prophetic chap- 
 
143 
 
 ter, which is most rich in sentiment, and which 
 will not fail of accomplishment. 
 
 The great argument found in this sacred ad 
 dress, to induce to a compliance with the duty 
 demanded, is, the terrors of the days of ven 
 geance on eastern corrupt nations ; which seems 
 to imply some good degree of exemption in our 
 own case, and our happy leisure for the business 
 assigned. Heaven will show despotic nations, 
 and old corrupt empires, the difference between 
 them, and a land " shadowing with wings;" a 
 happy asylum of liberty and religion, in the west. 
 
 Can a motive be wanting to induce us to main 
 tain the character implied in this address, and to 
 obey the injunction of Heaven here urged upon 
 us ? Should any say, what can he done ? Let 
 this be the reply ; be devoutly disposed and pre 
 pared to obey; and Heaven will, in due time, 
 make the duty plain. By prayer, contributions, 
 and your influence, be prepared to aid every at 
 tempt for the conversion of the Jews and Israel; 
 and God will be his own interpreter, and will 
 make the duty plain. 
 
 A leading step has already been taken in a Je 
 rusalem mission. This may prove, in relation 
 to a fulfilment of our text, a cloud like a man's 
 hand, which shall afford a sound of great rain ; 
 and shall water the hills of ancient Zion. How 
 great effects spring from little causes ! A purling 
 stream from the threshold of the sanctuary, soon 
 rises to the ankles, to the knees, to the loins, to 
 an unfordable river, which heals the Dead sea ; 
 Ezek. xlvii. Already has the bulrush vessel slip 
 ped from the "land shadowing with wings," across 
 the mighty waters, over which the prophetic eye 
 glanced; over the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 
 by the mouths of the "rivers of Ethiopia," and 
 
149 
 
 has landed her " ambassadors^ for a Jerusalem 
 mission ! Bless the Lord, O children of Abra 
 ham, for this ray of light from the land of the 
 going down of the sun. This may shed an incip 
 ient lustre on the noted passage in our evangeli 
 cal prophet. It may prove to the children of 
 Abraham, in these days of signal phenomena, a 
 morning rising in the west! Let us, dear coun 
 trymen, second this attempt with our interces 
 sions, our contributions, and our influence. May 
 all societies formed in behalf of the Jews, and all 
 solicitations in their favour,meet our most fervent 
 patronage. And God will not fail of fulfilling by 
 us his gracious designs. The blessed business 
 will be brought within our reach, and will be ac 
 complished. 
 
 The ten tribes, as well as the Jews, belong to 
 the " nation scattered and pealed, and terrible 
 from the beginning." Yes, the stick of Ephraim 
 is to become one in the hand of the prophet, with 
 the stick of the Jews ; fizek. xxxvii. 15. If it 
 is a fact, that the aborigines of this " land shad 
 owing with wings, 55 are the tribes of Israel, we 
 perceive at once what can be done to fulfil the 
 noted demand of God, as it relates to them. 
 And all who fear God will leap for joy. that as 
 the Jerusalem mission is already under way, so 
 missions to these tribes of Israel are already un 
 der way ! 
 
 Let us then, in view of the evidence providen 
 tially afforded, that we have found the long ban 
 ished tribes of Israel, seat ourselves as at the feet 
 of Isaiah ; hear him sighing with deep affliction 
 at the long exilement of his brethren of Israel, 
 and in vision beholding this land of their banish 
 ment. Hear the Spirit of Inspiration suggesting 
 to his anxious mind ; There is the land, the long 
 13* 
 
150 
 
 exilement of your brethren of Israel. There for 
 2500 years shall they be an outcast race, till about 
 the time of the Messiah's kingdom, that darling 
 object of your prophecy. Then their line of 
 promised title to their fair inheritance shall take 
 effect. A great nation shall there be found, at 
 that period, whose sequestered realm and peace 
 ful national character, shall afford a retreat for 
 liberty and religion ; and shall entitle them to the 
 appellation of a " land shadowing with wings/' 
 as the form of their continent suggests. Here is 
 the people to aid the restoration both of your 
 dispersed, and especially your outcast brethren. 
 Address them therefore, and from me assign them 
 their business. 
 
 Ho, thou blessed nation of the last days ; pity, 
 instruct, and save my ancient people and breth 
 ren ; especially that outcast branch of them, who 
 were the natives of your soil. Pity that degrad 
 ed remnant of a nation so terrible in ancient 
 times, but who have been now so long wretched. 
 Bring a present of them, ye worshippers of Je 
 hovah, to the God of Abraham. Give not sleep 
 to your eyes 5 till a house be builded to your God, 
 from those ancient and venerable materials. 
 Were not your fathers sent into that far distant 
 world, not only to be (in their posterity) built up 
 a great protecting nation ; but also to be the in 
 struments of gathering, or recovering the miser 
 able remnant of my outcasts there, in the last 
 days ? Rejoice, then, ye distinguished people in 
 jour birthright, arrci engage in the work by Heav 
 en assigned. Let not those tribes of my ancient 
 people, whom I have borne as on eagles' wings 
 for so many a^es ; let them not become extinct 
 before your eyes ; let them no longer roam in 
 ravage barbarism and death ! My bowels yearn 
 
151 
 
 for Ephraim, my first born. "For since I spakf* 
 against him, I do earnestly remember him still." 
 " 1 have seen his ways and will heal him. I will 
 restore peace to him, and to his mourners; peace 
 in the renewal of my covenant. I will again 
 bear him on eagles" wings, and bring him to my 
 self. For you, (my suppliants in the west,) this 
 honour is reserved ;" Zeph. iii. 10. The wings 
 of your continent have long borne him in his 
 banishment. Let now the wings of your liberty, 
 compassion, and blessed retreat, bear him from 
 Ins dreary wilds to the temple of God. 
 
 Xiook at the origin of those degraded natives 
 of your continent, and fly to their relief. 
 Send them the heralds of salvation. Send 
 ihem the word, the bread of life. You receiv 
 ed that book from the seed of Abraham. Res 
 tore it to them, and thus double your own rich 
 inheritance in its blessings. Learn them to read 
 the book of grace. Learn them its history and 
 (heir own. Teach them the story of their an 
 cestors : the economy of Abraham, Isaac and Ja 
 cob. Sublimate their views above the savage 
 pursuits of the forests. Elevate them above the 
 wilds of barbarism and death, by showing them 
 what has been done for their nation ; and what 
 is yet to be done by the God of their fathers, in 
 the line of his promise. Teach them their an 
 cient history ; their former blessings ; their be 
 ing cast away ; the occasion of it, and the prom 
 ises of their return. Tell them the time draws 
 near, and they must now return to the God of their 
 salvation. Tell them their return is to be as life 
 from the dead to the gentile nations. Tell them 
 what their ancient fathers, the prophets, were in 
 spired to predict in their behalf; and the charge 
 here given for their restoration. Assure them 
 
this talk of an ancient brother, is for them, and 
 they must listen to it and obey it. That the 
 Great Spirit above the clouds now calls them by 
 you to come and receive his grace by Christ the 
 true star from Jacob, the Shiloh who has come, 
 and to whom the people must be gathered. In 
 form them that by embracing this true seed oi 
 Abraham, you and multitudes of other gentile?, 
 have become the children of that ancient patri 
 arch; and now they must come back as your 
 brothers in the Lord. Unfold to them their su 
 perlative line of the entail of the covenant ; that 
 * ; as touching this election, they are beloved for 
 the fathers' sakes ;" that they were for their sins 
 excluded for this long period, until the fulness of 
 the gentiles be come in, and so all Israel shall be 
 saved. 
 
 Go, thou nation highly distinguished in the 
 last days ; save the remnant of my people. 
 Bring me a present of them " to the place of the 
 name of the Lord of hosts, the Mount Zion." 
 
 NOTE. I have lately been informed that a Dr. M'DounaM 
 has published something on this chapter similar to what I have 
 written. What his ideas particularly are, I know not, as I 
 have never been favoured with a sight of the book, nor seen 
 any one who could give any particular account of his scheme. 
 
CONCLUSION. 
 
 1. IT becomes us to be deeply affected with 
 the excommunication of the ancient people of 
 God. In the temporary rejection of those two 
 branches of the Hebrew nation, the truth is sol 
 emnly enforced, that the God of Zion is a God of 
 government ; and that he will be known by the 
 judgments that he executeth. The casting out 
 of the ten tribes for their impious idolatries, is 
 full of instruction. The wonders God had done 
 for them, and all their privileges in the land of 
 promise, could not save, when they rejected the 
 stated place of his worship, and united in the 
 abominations of the open enemies of God. They 
 should be hurled from the promised land, and 
 abandoned to a state of savage wretchedness, for 
 two and a half millinaries. Their sin in those 
 dark ages of the old dispensation was no trifle. 
 Its consequence is held up as an awful warning 
 to the world. It impresses the following lan 
 guage ; " Know thou arid see that it is an evil 
 thing and bitter that thou hast forsaken the 
 Lord," To that event people under evangelical 
 privileges ought to turn their eyes and take the 
 solemn warning. The God of Abraham is a God 
 of judgment ; while blessed are all they that put 
 their trust in him. 
 
 The judgments of Heaven on the Jews were 
 still more dreadful. The Lord of that vineyard 
 did indeed come in a day when they looked riot 
 for iiim, and in an hour when they were not 
 
154 
 
 aware ; and did cut them asunder. He came 
 and miserably destroyed those husbandmen, and 
 burned up their cities, as he foretold. Upon 
 their turning him off with hypocrisy and will- 
 worship, and rejecting the Saviour, the denuncU 
 ation, " Cut it down ; why cumbereth it the 
 ground ?" was fulfilled with unprecedented de 
 cision. Let all rejectors of Christ, behold and 
 tremble. The Jews were confident in a fancied 
 security, to the last. But an impious confidence 
 can never save. It is but a dead calm before a 
 fatal catastrophe. Such presumptuous leaning 
 upon the Lord, and saying, " Is not the Lord 
 among us ? no evil shall come upon us ;" was so 
 far from saving, that it was a sure precursor of 
 perdition, and of the coming of wrath upon them 
 to the uttermost. Let gospel rejectors beware. 
 " Behold, ye despisers, and wonder, and perish. 5 ' 
 " Let him that thinketh he standcth, take heed 
 lest he fall." 
 
 2. How evident and rich is the entail of the 
 covenant which will recover the two branches of 
 the house of Israel! Truly they are u a nation of 
 /me, line ;" (Isai. xviii. 2, in the Hebrew, and 
 margin of the great Bible.) Though they be in 
 fidels, and rejected, and as touching the gospel 
 are enemies for our sakes ; yet as touching the 
 election, (the entail of the covenant,) they arc 
 beloved for the fathers' sakes ; Rom. xi. 28. 
 This entail ensures their ingrafting again into 
 their own olive tree, which shall be as life from 
 the dead to the nations. This is the infallible 
 hold upon them, which shall finally recover them 
 again to Palestine, and to the covenant of their 
 God. It is upon this covenant-hold upon them, 
 that the God of Abraham promises to take away 
 their stony heart out of their flesh, and give them 
 
155 
 
 a heart of flesh; to sprinkle them with clean wa 
 ter, and to make them clean ; to put his Spirit 
 within them and cause them to walk in his stat 
 utes, and make them keep his judgments and do 
 them ; Ezek. xxxvi. 24 27. It is upon this en 
 tail, that God thus engages to bring them in un 
 der his new covenant, or the Christian dispensa 
 tion ; that their children shall be as aforetimes, 
 and their congregations established before him; 
 and " that all who see them shall acknowledge 
 they are the seed which the Lord hath blessed;" 
 " that they are the seed of the blessed of the 
 Lord, and their offspring with them." It will 
 then be understood, that though blindness in part 
 had happened to Israel, it was that the gentiles 
 might take their place, and only till the fulness 
 of the gentiles be come in ; and then all Israel 
 shall be saved. The Jewish church will thence 
 be a kind of capital and model of the Christian 
 world; see Isai. Ix. 1 5; and many other prom 
 ises of the same tenor. 
 
 The entail of the covenant may be expected 
 thenceforth to have its proper and perfect effect 
 in the fulfilment of such promises as the follow 
 ing, which relate to that period ; " I will pour 
 my Spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon 
 thine offspring; and they shall spring up as 
 among the grass, as willows by the water cours 
 es ; Isai. xliv. 3, 4. "As for me, this is my cov 
 enant with them, saith the Lord. My spirit that 
 is upon thee, and my words which I have put in 
 thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor 
 out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the 
 mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the Lord, from 
 henceforth and forever;" Isai. lix. 21. This 
 will indeed bring a season of salvation to man. 
 
156 
 
 3. On reading the prophetic scriptures rela 
 tive to the restoration of the Hebrews, and the 
 calls of Heaven to aid in the event ; the ques 
 tion becomes interesting, What is first to be done 
 relative to this restoration ? The first object, no 
 doubt, must be, to christianize them, and wait 
 the leadings of Providence relative to any fur 
 ther event. God will in due time, be (to all who 
 are willing to wait on him) his own interpreter; 
 and to such he will make the path of duty plain. 
 In his own time and way, after his ancient peo 
 ple shall be duly instructed, and taught the Chris 
 tian religion, God will open the door for the ful 
 filment of his designs relative to any local resto 
 ration ; and will bring that part of them, whom 
 he designs, to their ancient home. All the Jews 
 did not return to Palestine from their seventy 
 years captivity. Many chose to continue where 
 they were planted in the east. Something of the 
 game may be realized in the final restoration of 
 Judah and Israel. God will take one of a fami 
 ly, and two of a city, and bring them to Zion ' A 
 proportion of that nation will in due time be of 
 fered, to return to the land of their fathers, 
 where they may form a kind of centre or capital 
 to the cause of Christ on earth. Relative to 
 many particulars of the event, the holy oracles 
 have not expressed. They have strongly mark 
 ed the outlines or leading facts of the n\>tora- 
 tion ; and the unrevealcd particulars, the events 
 of Providence must unfold. That great num 
 bers will return, there seems not room U, doi bt. 
 But the actual proposition to return, will doubt 
 less be a free-will offering of those whose hearts 
 God shall incline, The first duty :ii':st be to re- 
 rover them to the visible kingdom of Christ, To 
 
157 
 
 this our prayers, alms, and all due exertions must 
 devoutly tend. 
 
 4. Viewing the aborigines of America as the out 
 cast tribes of Israel ; an interesting view is given 
 of some prophetic passages, which appear near 
 ly connected with their restoration. 
 
 In Isai. xl. 3, relative to this restoration of the 
 ancient people of God, we read ;." The voice of 
 him that crieth in the wilderness; Prepare ye the 
 way of the Lord ; make straight in the desart a 
 high way for our God." This received a prima 
 ry and typical fulfilment in the ministry of John 
 the Baptist, in the wilderness of Judea, to intro 
 duce Christ. Hence the passage was applied to 
 him. But it was to receive its ultimate and most 
 interesting fulfilment at a period connected with 
 the commencement of the Millennium, when "the 
 glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh 
 shall see it together ;" as the subsequent text 
 decides. It is intimately connected with the 
 restoration of the Hebrews ; as appears in its 
 context. u Comfort ye, comfort ye, my people, 
 saith your God. Speak ye comfortably to Jeru 
 salem, (a name here put for all the Hebrew fam 
 ily, as it was their capital in the days of David 
 and Solomon,) and cry unto her that her warfare 
 is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned ; 
 for she hath received of the Lord's hand double 
 for all her sins." Here is the final Hebrew res 
 toration, after the time of their doubly long cor 
 rective rejection for their sins shall have expir 
 ed. The voice in the wilderness then follows, 
 as the great means of this restoration. 
 
 A wilderness has justly been considered as a 
 symbol of a region of moral darkness and spirit 
 ual death. It has been considered as a symbol 
 of the heathen world ; and it is a .striking en> 
 14 
 
Mem of it. And the emblem receives strength 
 from the consideration, that it is in a sense liter 
 ally true. The voice, which restores Israel, is 
 heard in the vast wilderness of America, a literal 
 wilderness of thousands of miles, where the dry 
 hones of the outcasts of Israel -have for thou 
 sands of years heen scattered. The voice crying 
 in the wilderness has a special appropriation to 
 these Hebrews. As it had a kind of literal ful 
 filment in the preaching of the forerunner John, 
 for a short time in the wilderness of Judea ; so it 
 is to have a kind of literal fulfilment, upon a 
 much greater scale, in the missions, which shall 
 recover the ten tribes from the vast wilderness 
 of America. 
 
 Of the same period and event, the same evan 
 gelical prophet says, Isai. xxxv. 1. " The wil 
 derness and the solitary place shall be glad for 
 them ; and the desert shall rejoice and blossom 
 as the rose; it shall blossom abundantly and 
 rejoice even with joy and singing. The glory of 
 Lebanon shall be given unto it, and tbe excel 
 lency of Carmel and Sharon ; they shall see the 
 glory of the Lord and the excellency of our 
 God." In such passages, while the prediction 
 is to have its mystical and full accomplishment 
 in the conversion of the heathen world to God ; 
 the prophetic eye evidently rested with signal 
 pleasure, on a literal restoration of his long lost 
 brethren, as involved in the event, and as fur 
 nishing the ground of the figure. They will be 
 literally* and the fulness of the gentiles mystical 
 ly restored and brought to Zion. 
 
 As the wilderness of Judea in a small degree 
 rejoiced and blossomed as the rose, when John 
 the Baptist performed his ministry in it ; so the 
 wilderness and solitary place of our vast conti 
 
159 
 
 went, containing the lost tribes of the house of 
 Israel, will, on a most enlarged scale, rejoice 
 and blossom as the rose, when the long lost tribes 
 shall be found there, and shall be gathered to 
 Zion. The event in relation to these ancient 
 heirs of the covenant, stated in the last verse of 
 this chapter, will then receive a signal fulfilment; 
 "And the redeemed of the Lord shall return and 
 come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy up 
 on their heads ; they shall obtain joy and glad 
 ness, arid sorrow and sighing shall flee away." 
 Upon this final restoration of his brethren, this 
 prophet exults in lofty strains. Several of the 
 many of these strains shall be here inserted. Isai, 
 xlix. Listen O isles unto me ; (or ye lands away 
 over the sea) hearken ye people from afar. I 
 will make all my mountains away ; and my high 
 way shall be exalted. Behold these shall come 
 from /r; and lo, these from the north, and from 
 the west / and these from the land of Sinim. 
 Sing, O heavens ; and be joyful, O earth ; and 
 break forth into singing, O mountains ; for the 
 Lord hath comforted his people, and will have 
 mercy upon his afflicted." Such texts have a 
 special allusion to the lost tribes of the house of 
 Israel. And their being called over mountains, 
 arid over seas, from the west, and from afar, re 
 ceives an emphasis from the consideration of 
 their being gathered from the vast wilds of Amer 
 ica. 
 
 With the prophet Hosea, the rejection and re 
 covery of the ten tribes are a great object. In 
 chapter 2d, their rejection, and the cause of it, 
 are stated, and also a promise of their return. 
 God threatens to strip them naked, and make 
 them as a wilderness?* " And I will visit upon 
 her the days of Baalim, wherein she burned in- 
 
cense to them ;" i. e. to her false gods. This 
 visiting upon her her idolatries, was to be done 
 in her subsequent outcast state, in which God 
 there says; "she is not ray wife, neither ami 
 her husband." But he says, v. 1 4 "Therefore, 
 behold, I will allure her, and bring her into the 
 wilderness, and speak comfortably unto her. 
 And I will give her her vineyards from thence, and 
 the valley of Achor for a door of hope ; and she 
 shall sing there as in the days of her youth, and 
 as in the day when she came up out of the land 
 of Egypt." Here is Israel's restoration ; and it 
 is from the wilderness, where long they had been 
 planted during the period of their outcast state. 
 In this wilderness, God eventually speaks com 
 fortably to them, and restores them, as he restor 
 ed from Egypt. Here God gives them "the val 
 ley of Achor for a door of hope." The first 
 encampment of the Hebrews in the valley of 
 Achor, was to them a pledge of their eventual 
 possession of the promised land, after the Lord 
 had there turned from the fierceness of his wrath; 
 Josh. vii. 26. 
 
 Upon the same event God says; Isai. xliii. 19, 
 20 ; " Behold I will do a new thing; now it shall 
 spring forth ; shall ye not know it ? I will even 
 make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the 
 desert. The beasts of the field shall honour 
 me; the dragons and the owls ; because I give 
 water in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert, 
 to give drink to my people, to my chosen." If 
 such texts have a glorious, general, mystical ful 
 filment in the conversion of pagan lands ; yet 
 this does not preclude, but rather implies the 
 fact, that the people whose restoration is in them 
 particularly foretold, shall be recovered from a 
 vast wilderness ; and their conversion shaJI be 
 
161 
 
 almost like the conversion of dragons and owls 
 of the desert. Rivers of knowledge and grace 
 shall in such wilds be opened for God's chosen. 
 It will then truly be fulfilled, that God in com 
 forting Zion, will "make her wilderness like Eden 
 and her desert like the garden of the Lord ;" 
 Isai. li. 3. Such passages will have a degree of 
 both literal and mystical fulfilment. 
 
 A signal beauty will then be discovered in such 
 passages as the following; Isai. xli. 14. " Fear 
 not, thou worm Jacob, and ye men of Israel ; I 
 will help thee, saith the Lord Gud, thy Redeem 
 er, the Holy One of Israel. I will open rivers 
 in the high places, and fountains in the midst of 
 vallies: I will make the wilderness a pool of wa 
 ter, and the dry land springs of water. I will 
 plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah 
 tree, and the myrtle, and the oil tree ; and I will 
 set in the desert the fir tree, the pine, and the 
 box tree together, that they may see and know 
 and understand together, that the hand of the 
 Lord hath done this, and the Holy One of Israel 
 hath created it." The view given of the place 
 of the long banishment of the ten tribes, gives a 
 lustre to such predictions of their restoration.- 
 These will have a striking fulfilment in the vast 
 wilds of our continent, when the glad tidings of 
 salvation shall be carried to the natives of these 
 extensive dreary forests, and those regions of 
 wretchedness and death shall become vocal with 
 the high praises of God, sung by his ancient Is 
 rael. 
 
 5. If it be a fact that the native Americans 
 are the tribes of Israel, new evidence is hence 
 furnished of the divinity of our holy scriptures. 
 A new field of evidence is here opened from a 
 race of men, " outcast" from all civil society for 
 14* 
 
162 
 
 a long course of centuries. Impressed on these 
 wild tenants of the forest, ^tkese children of na 
 ture, without books or letters, or any thing but 
 gavage tradition,) striking characters are found of 
 the truth of ancient revelation. 
 
 The intelligent vindicator of the word of God 
 has never feared to meet the infidel on fail- 
 ground. His triumph has not been less certain 
 than that of David against Goliah. But in the 
 view taken of the natives of our continent, 
 the believer will find additional arguments, in 
 which to triumph. He will find more than "five 
 smooth stones taken out of the brook," (1 Sam. 
 xvi. 40,) each one of which is sufficient to sink 
 into the head of an impious Goliah, challenging 
 the God of Israel. 
 
 Let the unbeliever in revelations undertake 
 lo answer the following questions. 
 
 Whence have the greater part of the American 
 natives been taught the being of one and only 
 one God ; when all other heathen nations have 
 lost all such knowledge, and believe in many 
 false gods ? 
 
 Whence have the Indians, or most of them, 
 been kept from gross idolatry, which has covered 
 the rest of the heathen world ? and to which all 
 men have been so prone ? 
 
 Whence have many of them been taught that 
 the name of the one God, the Great Spirit above, 
 is Yohewah, Ale., Yah, (Hebrew names of God,) 
 who made all things, and to whom alone wor 
 ship is due *? 
 
 Who taught any of them that God, at first, 
 made one man from earth ; formed him well :, 
 and breathed him into life ? and that God made 
 good and bad spirits ; the latter of whom have 
 a prince over th^m ? 
 
163 
 
 Whence was the idea among these untutored 
 savages, that Yohewah was once the covenant 
 God of their nation ; and the rest of the world 
 were out of covenant with him, the accursed 
 people ? 
 
 Whence their ideas that their ancestors once 
 had the book of God ; and then were happy ; 
 but that they lost it; and then became miserable; 
 but that they will have this book again at some 
 time ? 
 
 Whence their notion that their fathers once 
 had the Spirit of God to work miracles, and to 
 foretel future events ? 
 
 Who taught the untutored savage to have a 
 temple of Yohewah ; a holy of holies in it, into 
 which no common people may enter, or look ? 
 
 Who taught him a succession of high priests ? 
 that this priest must be inducted into office by 
 purifications, and anointing ? that he must appear 
 in an appropriate habiliment, the form of which 
 descended from their fathers of remote antiquity ? 
 
 Whence their custom of this priest's making 
 a yearly atonement, in or near the holy apart 
 ment of their temple ? 
 
 Whence their three annual feasts, which well 
 accord to the three great feasts in Israel ? 
 
 Whence came their peculiar feast, in which a 
 bone of the sacrifice may not be broken ; and all 
 that is prepared must be eaten ; or burned before 
 the next morning sun ? 
 
 Whence a custom of their males appearing 
 thre^ times annually before God at the temple ? 
 
 Who taught wild savages of the desert to main 
 tain places of refuge from the avenger of blood ; 
 <; old, beloved, white towns /"' 
 
 Who taught them to keep and venerate a sa 
 cred ark, containing their most sacred things ; 
 
164 
 
 to be borne against their enemies by one purified 
 by strict rites ? That no one but the sanctified 
 keeper might look into this ark ; aad the enemy 
 feeling the same reverence for it, as the friends ? 
 
 Wheace came the deep and extensive impress 
 ion among these savage tribes, that the hollow of 
 the thigh of no animal may be eaten ? 
 
 Let the infidel inform how these savages (so 
 long excluded from all intercourse with the reli 
 gious or civilized world) came by the rite of cir 
 cumcision ? and some of them an idea of a Ju 
 bilee ? 
 
 Whence their idea of an old divine speech ; 
 that they mast imitate their virtuous ancestors, 
 enforced by u flourishing upon a land flowing 
 with milk and honey ?" 
 
 Whence their notion of the ancient flood ? and 
 of the longevity of the ancients ? also of the con 
 fusion of the language of man at building a high 
 place ? evidently meaning the scene at Babel. 
 
 How came these wild human herds of the de 
 sert by various Hebrew words, and phrases ; and 
 such phrases as accord with no other language on 
 earth ? See the table furnished, page 90. 
 
 Who taught them to sing, Halleluyah, Yohe- 
 wah, Yah, Shilu Yohewah ; and to make the sa 
 cred use they do of the syllables, which compose 
 the names of God ? singing them in their reli 
 gious dances, and in their customs ; thus ascrib 
 ing all the praise to Yohewah ? I ask not, who 
 taught them the spirit or holiness of such reli 
 gious forms ? For probably they have little or 
 no intelligent meaning. But whence have they 
 brought down these traditional forms ? 
 
 How came their reckoning of time so well to 
 accord with that of ancient Israel? 
 
165 
 
 Whence their tradition of twelve men, in prepar 
 ing for a feast similar to the ancient feast of taber 
 nacles; taking twelve poles, forming their booths; 
 and their altar of twelve stones, on which no tool 
 may pass ; and here offering their twelve sacri 
 fices ? and some tribes proceeding by the number 
 ten instead of twelve ? indicating their tradition 
 of the twelve tribes ; and their subsequent ten, 
 after the revolt. 
 
 Whence came their tradition of purifying them 
 selves with bitter vegetables ? also fasting, and 
 purifying themselves, when going to war ? 
 
 Who taught them that at death their beloved 
 people sleep, and go to their fathers ? 
 
 Whence their custom of washing and anoint 
 ing their dead ; and some of them of hiring 
 mourners to bewail them ; and of singing round 
 the corpse (before they bury it) the syllables of 
 Yah, Yohewah ? 
 
 How came they "by their tradition answering 
 to the ancient Jewish separations of women ? 
 also a tradition of taking their shoes from their 
 feet on solemn occasions ? 
 
 Whence were some of them taught in deep 
 mourning to lay their hand on their mouth, and 
 their mouth in the dust ? 
 
 And whence came their tradition of their an 
 cient father with his twelve sons, ruling over 
 others ? and the malconduct of these twelve 
 sons, till they lost their pre-eminence ? 
 
 Let it be remembered, it is not pretended that 
 all the savages are in the practice of all these tra 
 ditions. They are not. But it is contended that 
 the whole of these things have been found among 
 their different tribes in our continent, within a 
 hundred years. A fragment of these Hebrew 
 traditions has been found among one tribe ; and 
 
160 
 
 another fragment among another; and some of tn 
 most striking of these traditions have been found 
 among various and very distant tribes; as has ap 
 peared in the recital from various authors, tra 
 ders and travellers. 
 
 Let the unbeliever in revelation set himself to 
 account for these events. No account can be 
 given of them, but that they were derived from 
 ancient revelation in Israel. And hence in the 
 outcast state of the ten tribes of Israel, (in their 
 huge valley of dry bones, in this vast new world,) 
 we find presented a volume of new evidence of 
 the divinity of the Old Testament ; and hence 
 of the New ; for the latter rests on the former, 
 as a building rests on its foundation. If the one 
 is divine ; the other is divine ; for both form a 
 perfect whole. 
 
 We are assured by the chief apostle to the 
 ger.iilcs. that the restoration of the ancient people 
 of God in the last days, when " all Israel shall 
 be saved,'*' shall be to the nations " as life from 
 the dead;" Rom. xi. 15. Its new and demon 
 strative evidence of the glorious truth of revela 
 tion, will confound infidelity itself ; and fill the 
 world with light and glory. These Indian tradi 
 tions may be viewed as beginning to exhibit to 
 the world their quota of this new evidence. 
 
 The earthquake, at the time of our Savior's giv 
 ing up of the ghost, which rent the rocks, may be 
 said thus to have opened many mouths (perhaps 
 over the face of the earth) tacitly to proclaim 
 the event. It may be said in figure ; " The 
 stones cried out!" (Luke xix. 40.) In our sub 
 ject, we find a powerful corresponding evidence 
 of the truth of revelation, extending through a 
 wild continent, in savage traditions ; which tra 
 dition n-!.st ti.-ive been or i.:lit do\vu from 725 
 iKiibi'c die Christian era. 
 
167 
 
 The preservation of the Jews, as a distinct 
 people, for eighteen centuries, has been justly 
 viewed as a kind of standing miracle in support 
 of the truth of revelation. But the arguments 
 furnished from the preservation and traditions of 
 the ten tribes, in the wilds of America from a 
 much longer period, must be viewed as furnish 
 ing, if possible, a more commanding testimony. 
 And it is precisely such evidence as must have 
 been expected in the long outcast tribes of Is 
 rael, whenever they should come to light ; and 
 just such evidence as must rationally be expected 
 to bring them to the knowledge of the civilized 
 world. 
 
 The evidence discovered among the various 
 tribes of Indians, of the truth of their Hebrew 
 extraction, and of the divinity of the Old Tes 
 tament, seems almost like finding, in the various 
 regions of the wilds of America, various scraps 
 of an ancient Hebrew Old Testament ; one in 
 one wild; another in another; inscribed on some 
 durable substance in evident Hebrew language 
 and character, though much defaced by the lapse 
 of ages. Surely such an event, when attended 
 with concomitant evidence that it could be no 
 imposition, must silence the unbeliever in ancient 
 revelation ; and add a new and powerful item 
 to the evidences already furnished upon so in 
 teresting a subject. The evidence, actually fur 
 nished in the traditions of the savages of Ame 
 rica, suggest the suppositions just made;, but are 
 of a far more substantial character. It is con 
 tended that they furnish the very evidence, long 
 desired, of the existence, and present state of the 
 ten tribes of Israel. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 THE Rev. Dr. Morse in his report of his tour among the 
 Indians at the west, made under commission from ow gov 
 ernment, in 1820, to ascertain the actual state of the Indians 
 in our country, says ; "It is matter of surprise, that the In 
 dians, situated, as they have been for so many successive ages 
 and generations, without hooks or knowledge of letters, or of 
 the art of reading or writing, should have preserved their 
 various languages in the manner they have done. Many of 
 them are copious, capable of regular grammatical analysis, 
 possess great strength, gracefulness, and beauty of expression, 
 They are highly metaphorical in their character ; and in this 
 and other respects resemble the Hebrew. This resemblance 
 in the language, and the similarity of many of their reli 
 gious customs, &c. to those of the Jews, certainly give plausi 
 bility to the ingenious theory of Dr. Boudinot, exhibited in 
 his interesting work, entitled " The Star in the West." A 
 faithful and thorough examination of the various languages 
 of the Indian tribes, wjpuld probably show that there are very 
 few of them that are throughout radically different. The 
 differences of these languages are mostly differences of 
 dialect." 
 
 The various Indian tribes, visited by Dr. Morse, had their 
 Great Spirit. Speaking of the manners and customs of the 
 Sauks, Fox tribe, Pattowattamies, and others, he says : "Other 
 feasts to the Great Spirit are frequently made by these In 
 dians." Of one of these feasts, he says ; "They seat them 
 selves in a circle on the ground ; when one of the guests 
 places before each person a'wooden bowl with his portion of 
 the feast, and they commence eating. When each man's 
 portion is eatea; the bones are collected and put into a wood 
 en bowl, and thrown into the river, or burnt. The whole 
 of the feast must be eate. If any one cannot eat his part of 
 it, he passes his dish, with a piece of tobacco to his neighbour, 
 and he eats it ; and the guests then retire. Those who make 
 the feast never eat any part of it themselves. They say they 
 give their part of it to the Great Spirit." Here seems man 
 ifestly the same feast noted by other authors among other and 
 different tribes in the different parts of the continent, and 
 probably answering to the passover in ancient Israel. The 
 
 15 
 
170 
 
 different and distant tribes have their circumstantial differ 
 ences ; while yet certain things indicate that the feast is a 
 broken tradition of thepassover. 
 
 Another tradition from a Hebrew rite the Doctor states, 
 lie says : " The women of these nations are very particular 
 to remove from their lodges to one erected for that particular 
 purpose, at such seasons as were customarily obseivedby 
 Jewish women, according to the law of Moses. No article 
 of furniture ever used in this lodge, is ever used in any other ; 
 Dot even the steel and the flint with which they strike fire. 
 No man approaches this lodge, while a woman occupies it." 
 The existence of this extensive Indian rite is fully ascertain 
 ed. And of its origin there appears but very little room to 
 doubt. 
 
 This writer says : u The belief of these Indians relative to 
 their creation is not very unlike our own. Masco, one of 
 the chiefs of the Sauk, informed me, that they believed that 
 the Great Spirit in the first place, created from the dust of 
 the earth two men ; but finding that these alone would not 
 answer his purpose, betook from each man a rib, and made 
 two women." Of the descendants of these two pair, they 
 say, " th'at they were all one nation, until they behaved so 
 badly, that the Great Spirit came among them, and talked 
 different languages to them ; which caused them to separate 
 and form different nations." Here are manifest broken frag 
 ments of Moses' history of creation, and of the confusion of 
 language at Babel. " I asked (says Dr. M.) how they sup 
 posed white men were made ? He replied that Indians sup 
 posed the Great Spirit made them of the fine dust of ths 
 earth, as they know more than Indians." Dr. M. gives an 
 account of their holding to a future state ; and to some kinds 
 of reward for the good, and of punishments for the wicked. 
 
 He informs from a Major Cumming*, that the Indians arc 
 very suspicious of some evil intent, when questioned by the 
 Americans ; and that there is no way to obtain a full know 
 ledge of their traditions and ways, but by a long residence in 
 their country. This may account for the fact that their tra 
 ditions (which seems manifestly Hebrew) were kept so long 
 and to so great a degree, from the knowledge of our people. 
 
 Relative t their manner of transacting their public busi 
 ness, they informed Dr. M. " We open our council by smok 
 ing a pipe selected for the occasion ; and we address the au 
 dience through a speaker chosen for the purpose ; first in- 
 \-oking the Great Spirit to inspire us with wisdom. We open 
 our council in the name of the Great Spirit, and close with 
 the same." 
 
 He informs that the Indians " before attending on treaties, 
 great councils, or any other important national business, 
 
171 
 
 always sacrifice in order to obtain the good will of the G rent 
 Spirit. And adds ; " There are no people more frequent or 
 fervent in their acknowledgements of gratitude to God. Their 
 belief in him is universal ; and their confidence astonishingly 
 strong." 
 
 Speaking of their feasts, he says; " The principal festival 
 is celebrated in the month of August ; sooner or later, as the 
 forwardness of the corn will admit. It is called the Green 
 Corn Dance; or more properly speaking, the ceremony of 
 thanksgiving for the first fruits of the earth" 
 
 The question continually recurs, whence came things like 
 these among the natives of our continent, or the American 
 savages, unless these savages are the very tribes of Israel? 
 No evidence is furnished thut such a variety of Hebrew rites 
 is found among any other people on earth, except the Jews. 
 And it seems morally impossible they should have derived 
 them from any other source, than the ancient Hebrew reli 
 gion. 
 
 Mr. Schoolcvaft, a member of the New- York Historical 
 Society, (in his journals of travels among the western Indians, 
 round and beyond the western lakes, and to the mouth of the 
 Mississippi, in 1820.) gives some accounts, which confirm 
 some of the Indian traditions already exhibited. He speaks 
 of attending a feast among the Sioux Indian? ; a feast of the 
 first greeu com.. He says ; " Our attention was now drawn 
 off by the sound of Indian music which proceeded from an 
 other large cabin at no great distance ; but we found the 
 doors closed, and were informed that they were celebrating 
 an annual feast, at which only certain persons in the village 
 were allowed to be present ; and that it was not customary 
 to admit strangers. Our curiosity being excited, we applied 
 to the governor, Cass, to intercede for us; and were by that 
 means admitted. The first ^striking object presented was, 
 two large kettles full of green corn, cut from the cofe and 
 boiled. They hung over a moderate fire in the midst of the 
 cabin ; and the Indian?, both men and women, were seated 
 in a large circle avound them. They were singing a doleful 
 song in a savage manner. The utmost solemnity was depic 
 ted upon every countenance. When the music ceased, as it 
 frequently did for a few seconds, there was a full and myste 
 rious pause, during which certain pantomimic signs were 
 made ; and it appeared as if they pretended to hold commun 
 ion with invisible spirits. Suddenly the music struck up 
 but as we did not understand their language, it is impossible 
 to say what they uttered, or to whom their supplications or 
 responses were addressed. When the ceremony ceased, one 
 of the older Indians divided out all the boiled corn into sepa 
 rate tlishes for as many heads of families as there were pres- 
 
172 
 
 ent, putting an equal number of ladles full into each di.sh.~- 
 Then while the music continued, they one by one took up 
 their dishes, and irtiring from the cabin by a back-ward step,, 
 so that they still iuced the kettles, they separated to their res 
 pective lod'ges ; and thus the ceremony ceased." 
 
 This writer says, "The Indians believed in the existence of 
 a great invisible Spirit, who resides hi the regions of the 
 clouds, and by means of inferior spirits throughout every part 
 of the earth." 
 
 Their word for spirit, he says, is manito, which he ob 
 serves, " signifies the same thing among all the tribes extend 
 ing from the Arkansaw to the source? ot the Mississippi ; and 
 according to M'Kenzie, throughout the arctic regions." This 
 word, Mr. S. remarks,with many others, strengthens the opin 
 ion "of which (he says) there appears ample grounds, that 
 the erratic tribes of the north-western region, and of the val- 
 lies of the Mississippi, are all descended from one stock, which 
 is presumed to have progressed from the north toward the 
 south, scattering into different tribes, and falling from the pu 
 rity of a language, which may originally have been rich and 
 copious." Here is good testimony to some of the points, ad 
 duced in this work, viz. that all the Indians are from one or 
 igin ; all originally of one language ; all from the north-west, 
 the straits of Beering, leading from the north-east of Asia to 
 the north-west of America. 
 
 These Indians, Mr. S. informs, "have their good and bad 
 minitoes," or spirits. The Old Testament informs of holy 
 and of fallen angels. 
 
 Mr. S. speaks of the best of authors allowing that great, 
 corruptions have crept into the Indian language ; and that 
 the remarks of some upon the supposed poverty of the lan 
 guage of these Americans, are very incorrect. 
 
 He speaks of some of the Indians as looking to the people 
 of our states for aid, and says, a council which he attended 
 with the Sandy Lake Indians, thus closed ; " The Americans 
 (meaning the United States) are a great people. Can it be 
 possible they will allow us to suffer f " 
 
 The Rev. Lemuel Haynes informs, that about 60 years 
 ago, he was living in Granville, Mass. A minister by the 
 name of Ashley, called on an old deacon, with whom he was 
 living, being on his way from a mission among the Indians iu 
 the west, where he had been a considerable time. Mr. Ash 
 ley stated his confident belief that the Indians were the Is 
 raelites ; for he said there were many things in their manners 
 and customs, which were like those of ancient Israel. Vari 
 ous of these he stated. Mr. Haynes being then a boy, does 
 not now recollect them. But the people he mentions as be 
 ing impressed with the accounts ; and the good old deacon 
 long spake of them with much interest. 
 
173 
 
 A brother minister informs meihat his father was a lieu 
 tenant in the revolutionary war, and was long among the In 
 dians ; and that he became a firm believer that the Indians 
 were the ten tribes of Israel from their traditions and rites ; 
 various of which he used to state ; but which the minister 
 does not now remember. 
 
 The most important evidence in relation to the Indians 
 being the descendants of Israel, the reader will perceive, is 
 James Adair, Esqr. Recollect he had lived among them as an 
 intelligent trader, 40 years. That his character was well 
 established ; and his accounts well authenticated by colla 
 teral evidence, by a gentleman^ member of congress, who had 
 resided a number of years as an agent of our government a- 
 mong those Indians where Mr. Adair resided. Dr. Boutlinot 
 assures us that he examined this congress member, without 
 letting him know his design ; and that from him he found all 
 the leading facts mentioned in Mr. Adair's history fully con 
 firmed from his own personal knowledge. [See page 83d of 
 this book.] 
 
 I think it therefore desirable, that the reader should see 
 more fully Mr. Adair's arguments, as found in his book ; 
 and a few additional extracts from his work in support of 
 them. He states his sentiment on the subject thus : " From 
 the most exact observation that I could make in the long 
 time I traded among the Indian Americans, I was forced to 
 believe fhem lineally descended from the Israelites." He 
 argues that those of the ten tribes from whom the American 
 Indians descended, must soon have removed from that part of 
 Assyria, where they were lodged, and probably reached this 
 continent previous to the Babylonish captivity of the Jews. 
 
 His arguments that the natives of this continent are of the 
 ten tribes are as follows. 1. Their division into tribes. 2. Their 
 worship of Jehovah. 3. Their notion of a theocracy. 4. Their 
 belief in the ministration of angels. 5. Their language and 
 dialects. 6. Their manner of counting time. 7. Their 
 prophets and high priests. 8. Their festivals, fasts, and reli 
 gious rites. 9. Their daily sacrifice. 10. Their ablutions 
 and anointings. 11. Their laws of uncleanness. 12, Their 
 abstinence from unclean things. 13. Their marriages, di 
 vorces, and punishments of adultery. 14. Their several' pun 
 ishments. 15. Their cities of refuge. 16. Their purifications 
 and preparatory ceremonies. 17. Their ornaments. 18. Their 
 manner of curing the sick. 19. Their burial of their dead. 
 .20. Their mourning for th ir dead. 21. Their raising seed 
 to a deceased brother; 22. Their change of names adapted 
 to their circumstances and times. 23. Their own traditions ; 
 the accounts of English writers ; and the testimonies given 
 by Spanish and other writers of the primitive inhabitants of 
 Mexico and Peru, 
 
 15* 
 
174 
 
 Some of his illustrations of these arguments will be here 
 subjoined in his own words. Under the 1st argument. " As 
 the nation hath its particular symbol, so each tribe, the badge 
 from which it is denominated. The sachem of each tribe is 
 a necessary party in conveyances, and treaties, to which he 
 affixes the mark of his tribe. If we go from nation to nation 
 among them, we shall not find one, who doth not lineally dis 
 tinguish himself by his respective family. The genealogical 
 names, which they assume, are derived either from the name 
 of those animals, whereof the cherubims are said in revelation 
 to be compounded, or from such creatures as are most familiar 
 t.o them. The Indians, however, bear no religious respect to 
 the animals from whence they derive their names. On the 
 contrary, they kill them when opportunity serves. "When 
 we consider that these savages have been above twenty cen 
 turies without the use of letters to carry down their traditions, 
 it cannot reasonably be expected that they should still retain 
 the identical names of their primogenial tribes. Their main 
 customs corresponding with those of the Israelites, sufficiently 
 clears the subject. Besides, as hath been hinted, they call 
 some of their tribes by the names of cherubinical figures that 
 were carried on the four principal standards of Israel. 
 
 His illustrations of the second argument, blended with 
 those of many others, have been sufficiently given in the 
 third chapter of this work. 
 
 Under the 3d argument, he says : "Agreeably to the theoe- 
 >-acy or divine government of Israel, the Indians think the 
 Deity to be the immediate head of their state. All the na 
 tions of Indians are exceedingly intoxicated with religious 
 pride, and have an inexpressible contempt of the white 
 people.* They used to call us in their war orations, the ac- 
 tursed people. But they flatter themselves with the name of 
 the beloved people ; because their supposed ancestors, as they 
 affirm, were under the immediate government of the Deity, 
 who was present with them in a very peculiar manner, and 
 directed them by prophets, while the rest of the world were 
 aliens and outlaws to the covenant. When theoldArchi* 
 magu?, or any one of their magi, is persuading the people at 
 any one of their religious solemnities to a strict observance of 
 the old beloved or divine speech, he always calls them the beloved 
 or holy people, agreeably to the Hebrew epithet, Ammi (my 
 people) during the theocracy of Israel. It is their opinion of 
 the theocracy, that God chose them out of all the rest of man 
 kind as his peculiar and beloved people; which alike animates 
 both the white Jew, and the red American with that steady 
 
 * Within 20 years this trait of Indian character is much 
 meliorated. 
 
1 73 
 
 hatred against all the world except themselves ; and renders 
 them (in their opinion) hated and despised by all." 
 
 His illustrations of the 4th and 5th arguments have been 
 given with those of other authors. 
 
 Under the 6th argument he says : " They count time after 
 the manner of the Hebrews. They divide the year into 
 spring, summer, autumn, and winter. They number their 
 year from any of those four periods, for they have no name 
 for a year, and they subdivide these, and count the year by 
 lunar months, like the Israelites, who counted by moons. The 
 number and regular periods of the Indians' religious feasts is 
 a good historical proof (Mr. Adair adds) that they counted 
 time by, and observed, a weekly Sabbath long after their ar 
 rival on the American continent. They begin a year at the 
 first appearance of the first new moon of the vernal equinox, 
 according to the ecclesiastical year of Moses. Till the 70 
 years captivity, the Israelites had only numeral names for the 
 solar and lunar months, except Abib and Elhamin ; the 
 former signifying a green ear of corn ; and the latter robust 
 or valiant. And by the first of these, the Indians (as an ex 
 plicative) term their passover, which the trading people call 
 the green corn dance." Mr. Adair then proceeds to show 
 more fully the similarity between the ancient Israelites and 
 the Indians in their counting time, as has been noted. 
 
 Under the 7th argument he says : " In conformity to, or 
 after the manner of the Jews, the Indian Americans have 
 their prophets, high priests, and others of a religious order. 
 As the Jews had a sanctum sanctorum, (holy of holies) so 
 have all the Indian nations. There they deposit their con 
 secrated vessels ; none of the laity daring to approach that 
 sacred place.' The Indian tradition says, that their forefathers 
 were possessed of an extraordinary divine spirit, by which 
 they foretold things future, and controlled the common course 
 of nature: and this they transmitted to their offspring, pro 
 vided they obeyed the sacred laws annexed to it. Ishtoallo, 
 (Mr. Adair says of those Indians) is the name of all their 
 priestly order ; and their pontifical office descends by inherit 
 ance to the eldest. There are some traces of agreement, 
 though chiefly lost, in their pontifical dress. Before the In 
 dian Archimagus officiates in making the supposed holy fire 
 for the yearly atonement for sin, the sagan (waiter of the 
 high priest) clothes him with a white ephod, which is a waist 
 coat without sleeves. In resemblance of the Urim and Thum- 
 inim,theAmerican Archimagus wears a breast plate made of a 
 white conch-shell with two holes bored in the middle oi it, 
 through which he puts the ends of an otter skin strap, and 
 fastens a buck horn white button to the outside of each, as if 
 ia imitation of the precious stones of the Urim." 
 
176 
 
 In this statement Mr. Adair exhibits evidence of which he 
 himself seem unconscious. He says the general name of all 
 their priestly order is- Ishtoallo, And the name of the high 
 priest's waiter is Sagan. Mr. Fabor (remarking upon this) 
 thinks the former word is a corruption of tsh-da-eloah, a man 
 of God ; see original of 2 Kings, iv. 21, 22, 25, 27, 40, and other 
 places. And of the latter word he says, " Sagan is the very 
 name by which the Hebrews called the deputy of the high 
 priest, who supplied his office, and who performed the func 
 tions of it in the absence of the high priest. See Calmefs Diet, 
 vox Sagan" 
 
 Here then is evidence to our purpose, that those Indians 
 should call their order of priests, and the high priest's waiter, 
 by those ancient Hebrew names of a man of God, and a de 
 puty of the high priest. How could these events have oc 
 curred, had not - those natives been Hebrew, and brought 
 clown these names by Hebrew tradition ? 
 
 Under the 8th-argumcnt Mr. Adair says ; u The ceremo 
 nies of the Indians in their religious worship are more after the 
 Mosaic institution?, than of pagan imitation ; which could 
 not be, if the majority of the old nation were of heathenish 
 descent. They are uttey strangers to all the gestures practis 
 ed by the pagans in their religious rites. They have another 
 appellative which with them is the mysterious essential name 
 of God; the tetragr -ammaton, or great four lettered name, 
 which they never name in common speech. Of the time and 
 place, when and where they mention- it r they are very parti 
 cular, and always with a solemn air. It is well known what 
 sacred regard the Jews had to the four lettered divine name, 
 so as scarcely ever to mention it, but once a year when the 
 high priest went into the sanctuary at the expiation of sins. 
 Might not the Indians copy from them this sacred invocation, 
 Yo hewah ? Their method of invoking God in a solemn 
 hymn with that reverend deportment, and spending a full 
 breath on each of the two first syllables of the awful divine 
 name, hath a surprising analogy to the Jewish custom, and 
 such as no other nation or people* even with the advantage 
 of written records, have retained. It may be worthy of no 
 tice that they never prostrate themselves, nor bow their bo 
 dies to each other by way of salute or homage, though usual 
 with the eastern nations ; except when they are making or 
 renewing peace with strangers, who come in the name of 
 Yah." 
 
 Mr. Adair proceeds to speak of the sacred adjuration of the 
 Indiana by the great and awful name of God ; the question 
 being asked, and the answer given, Yah, with a profound re 
 verence in a bowing posture of body immediately before the 
 invocation of Yo hcwah ; this he considers to be Hebrew?. 
 
177 
 
 adjuring their witnesses to give true evidence. He says, <4 It 
 seems exactly to coincide with the conduct of the Hebrew 
 witnesses even now on the like occasions." 
 
 Mr. Adai^s other illustrations under this argument, in va 
 rious feasts, fastings, their ark, and their ever refusing to eat 
 the hollow of the thigh of their game, have been sufficiently 
 given, in connexion with the testimonies of others to the same 
 points. 
 
 Enough has also been exhibited under the 9th, 10th and 
 llth arguments. 
 
 Under the 12th he says ; " Eagles of every kind they es 
 teem unclean food ; likewise ravens, crows, bats, buzzard?, 
 f-wallows, and every species of owl." This he considers as pre 
 cisely Hebrew ; as also their purifications of their priests ; 
 and purification for having touched a dead body, or any other 
 unclean thing. 
 
 Under most of his subsequent arguments the quotations be 
 fore given have been sufficient. Under the 16th he says : 
 * Before the Indians go to war, they have many preparatory 
 ceremonies of purification and fasting like what is recorded of 
 the Israelites." Under the 21st he says; " The surviving 
 brother by the Mosaic law was to raise seed to a deceased 
 brother, who left a widow childless. The Indian custom 
 looks the same way." 
 
 Under the last argument he says ; " The Indian tradition 
 says that their forefathers in very remote ages came from a 
 far distant country, where all the people were of one colour ; 
 and that in process of time they removed eastward to their 
 present settlements." He notes and confutes some idle fa 
 bulous stories which he says " sprung from the innovating 
 superstitious ignorance of the popish priests to the south 
 west ;" and speaks of the Indian tradition as being altogether 
 more to be depended on. He says, " They, (the rambling 
 tribes of northern Indians excepted,) aver that they came 
 over the Mississippi from the westward, before they arrived 
 at their present settlements. This we see verified in the 
 western old towns they have left behind them, and by the 
 situation of their old beloved towns or places of refuge lying 
 about a west course from each different nation." 
 
 "Ancient history (he adjs) is quite silent concerning Amer 
 ica, which indicates that it has been time immemorial, rent 
 asunder from the eastern continent. The north-east parts of 
 Asia were also undiscovered till of late. Many geographers 
 have stretched Asia and America so far as to join them to 
 gether; and others have divided them into two quarters of the 
 globe. But the Russsian?, after several dangerous attempts, 
 have clearly convinced the world that they are now divided, 
 and yet have a rucar communication together by a 
 
178 
 
 strait, in which several islands are sitnatr 1, ami through 
 which there is an easy passage from the north-east of Asia to 
 the north-west of America. By this passage, it was very 
 practicable to go to this new world, and afterward to have 
 proceeded in quest of suitable climates. 
 
 Those who dissent from my opinion of the Indian Ameri 
 can origin, (he adds) ought to inform ns how the natives 
 came here, and by what means they found the long chain of 
 rites and customs so similar to the usage of the Hebrew na 
 tion, and in general dissimilar to the modes of the pagan world 
 Their religious rites, martial customs, dress, music, dances and 
 domestic form? of life,?e 3m clearly to evince also,that they came 
 to America in early times before sects had sprung up among 
 the Jews ; which was soon after their prophets ceased ; also 
 before arts and sciences had arrived at any perfection. Other 
 wise it is likely they would have retained some knowledge 
 of them." 
 
 We learn in Dr. Robertson's history of America, that the 
 Mexicans had their tradition that " Their ancestors came 
 from a remote country situated to the north-west of Mexico. 
 The Mexicans (he says) point out their various stations as 
 they advanced from this into the interior provinces ; and it is 
 precisely the same rout which they must have held > if they 
 had been emigrants from Asia."* 
 
 Mr. Adair says, that though some have supposed the Amer 
 icans to be descendants from the Chinese ; yet neither their 
 religion, laws or customs agree in the least with those of the 
 Chinese, which sufficiently proves that they are not of this 
 line. And he says the remaining traces of their religious 
 ceremonies, and civil and martial customs, are different from 
 those of the old Scythians. He thinks, therefore, that the 
 old opinion that the Indians are descended from the Tartars 
 or ancient Scythians, should be exploded as weak and with 
 out foundation. Those who have advocated the affirmative, 
 have not been able to produce much, if any evidence, that 
 any of the religious rites found among the Indians, and re 
 sembling those of ancient Israel, have ever been found among 
 any people in the east of Asia. Such a thing cannot be ex 
 pected. Those rites were arbitrary, established only in Is 
 rael ; and designed to distinguish them from all other na 
 tions. It is utterly inadmissible then, to suppose these Indian 
 rites may be accounted for, froih an idea that the Indians may 
 have learned them from other heathen nations. With very 
 similar propriety might the unbeliever in divine revelation 
 say, that the Jews and ancient Israel derived their religion, not 
 from God, as the bible purports, but from the heathen nations , 
 
 *B. 4, page 41-2-3, 
 
173 
 
 *vho at that time might,for aught we know, have had just such 
 religious customs. 
 
 It the aborigines derived these rites and customs from an 
 cient Asiatic heathen ; why have not some of those heathen 
 themselves retained some of them, and disseminated them 
 through some other parts of the world, besides the vast wilds 
 f North and South America. 
 
 Capt. Carver is able to find that some of the people north 
 east of Asia once presented to some of the Russians their 
 pipe of peace. The people of Israel, as they passed by that 
 people in ancient days, may have caught this custom from 
 them ; as none pretend this was a. Hebrew rite. Or these 
 few people thus noted in Asia may have caught this custom 
 from the Indian? over Beer ing's Straits. But this is nothing, 
 compared with the many Hebrew rites found among the na 
 tives of America. 
 
 Captain Carver, who travelled five thousand miles among 
 the Indians of North America, states some customs observed 
 by some of them in relation to marriage and divorce, which 
 seem much like those of ancient Israel. He sa^s ; u When 
 one of their young men has fixed on a young woman he ap>* 
 proves of, he discovers his passion to her parents, who give 
 him an invitation to come and live with them in their tent. 
 He accepts the offer, and engages to reside in it for a whole 
 year in the character of a menial servant. This however is 
 done only while they are young men, and for the;r first wife ; 
 and not repeated like Jacob's servitude. When this period 
 is expired, the marriage is solemnized." 
 
 44 When from any dislike (he adds) a separation takes 
 place,for they are seldom known to quarrel,they generally give 
 their friends a few days notice of their intention, and some 
 times offer reasons to justify their conduct." Some little cer 
 emonies follow; and he says, " The separation is carried on 
 without any murmurings, or ill will between, the couple or 
 their relations." Probably no other nation has such a resem 
 blance in this respect to ancient Israel. 
 
 Capt. Carver says of the Indians "wholly unadulterated 
 with the superstitions of the church of Rome;" "It is cer 
 tain they acknowledge one Supreme Being, or giver of life, 
 who presides over all things the Great Spirit ; and they 
 look up to him as the source of good who is infinitely good. 
 They also believe in a bad spirit, to whom they ascribe great 
 power. They hold also, that there are good spirits of a less 
 degree, who have their particular departments, in which thej 
 are constantly contributing to the happiness of mortals." 
 " The priests of the Indians (he adds) who are at the same 
 time their physicians while they heal their wounds, or cure 
 their diseases, they interpret their dreams, and satisfy their 
 
180 
 
 desires of searching into futurity." But Capt. Carver unites 
 with other authors on the subject, in speaking of the difficul 
 ty of strangers among them obtaining much knowledge of 
 their religious rites. He says ; " It is very difficult to attain 
 to a perfect knowledge of the religious principles of the In 
 dians. They endeavour to conceal them." It is no wonder 
 then, that Capt. Carver, passing by them on a tour of up 
 wards of five thousand miles, discovered but few of these 
 many rites resembling the religion of ancient Israel, stated by 
 Mr. Adair. He says there was "w?,e particular female custom" 
 bearing resemblance to the rites in the Mosaic law; alluding 
 no daubt, to the well known Indian separation of women. 
 Speaking of their " religious principles," which he says are 
 " few and simple," he &dds, " they (the Indians) have not de 
 viated, as many other uncivilized nations, and too many civ 
 ilized ones have done, into idolatrous modes of worship." 
 " On the appearance of the new moon they dance and sing ; 
 but it is not evident that they pay that planet any adora 
 tion." 
 
 Here then, according to this author, is their one God, infi 
 nitely good, the giver of life, and of all good, presiding over 
 all, and who is the only object of worship ; though they some 
 times beg of the evil spirit to avert their calamities, which, 
 in their opinion, he brings. Here are their good angels, min 
 istering to the good ; here their priests; and a "particular 
 female custom" inexplicable unless by the Mosaic law. Here 
 is their firm adherence to their " few simple doctrines," or 
 rites, less deviating to idolatry than other uncivilized, and 
 even many civilized nations. These facts are far from 
 being destitute of their favorable bearing on our subject. 
 How should such things be true of those savages, were they 
 aot the descendants of ancient Israel ? 
 
 It was observed in page 88 of this book, that the Esqimaux 
 natives, and people round Hudson's Bay appear a different 
 race from the American Indians, and may have come from 
 the north of Europe. Capt. Carver notes an assertion from 
 Grotius, that "some of the Norwegians passed into America 
 by way of Greenland." He also notes that De Laet gives 
 " the following passage from the history of Wales, written 
 by David Powel, in the year 1170. This history says, that 
 Madoc, one of the sons of prince Owen Gwynnith, being dis 
 gusted at the civil wars which broke out between his broth 
 ers, fitted out several vessels, and went in quest of new lands 
 to the westward of Ireland." And he goes on to speak of 
 of their planting a colony there. Here may be the origin of 
 the people of Greenland, Iceland, and round Hudson's Bay. 
 B ut it gives no satisfactory account of the origin of the nu- 
 aerou3 Indian tribes of America. 
 
181 
 
 Let us look at the natives in an extreme part of South 
 America, and see if they exhibit any evidence similar to what 
 has been adduced of the natives of North America. 
 
 Don Alonzo de Ericilla, in his history of Chili, says of th 
 natives there ; " The religious system of the Araucanians is 
 simple. They acknowledge a Supreme Being, the author of 
 all things, whom they call Pillan, a word derived from Pulli, 
 or Pilli, the soul ; and signifies the Supreme Essence. They 
 call him also, Guenu-pillan, the Spirit of Heaven ; Bula- 
 gen, the Great Being ; Thalcove, the Thunderer ; Vilvem- 
 voe, the Omnipotent ; Mollgelu, the Eternal ; and Avnolu, 
 the Infinite." He adds ; " The universal government of Pil 
 lan, (his Supreme Essence,) is a prototype of the Arauca- 
 nian polity. He is the great Toqui of the invisible world." 
 He goes on to speak of his having subordinate invisible be 
 ings under him, to whom he commits the administration of 
 affairs of less importance. These, this author sees fit to call 
 "subaltern divinities." We may believe they are but a tra 
 ditional notion of angels, good and bad ; such as is held by 
 the Indians of North America. 
 
 This author says of this people ; " They all agreed in the 
 belief of the immortality of the soul. This consolatory 
 truth is deeply rooted, and in a manner innate with them. 
 They hold that man is composed of two substances essential 
 ly different ; the corruptible body and the soul, incorporeal 
 and eternal." 
 
 Of their funerals, he says ; " The bier is carried by the 
 principal relations, and is surrounded by women who bewail 
 the deceased in the manner of the hired mourners among the 
 Romans." 
 
 He also says ; " They have among them a tradition of a 
 great deluge, in which only a few persons were saved, who 
 took refuge on a high mountain called Thegtheg, which pos 
 sessed the property of moving upon the water." 
 
 Here then, it seems the remote natives of Chili (a region 
 1260 miles south of Peru, in South America,) furnish their 
 quota of evidence that they originated in the same family 
 wjth the North American Indians, and hold some of their es 
 sential traditions. 
 
 Whence could arise the tradition of those natives, of one 
 " Supreme Being, author of all things ?" That he is the "Su 
 preme Essence ; the Spirit of Heaven ; the Thunderer ; the 
 Omnipotent ; the Eternal ; the Infinite ?" W T hence their 
 tradition of the flood, and of several persons being saved on a 
 floating mountain, meaning no doubt the ark ? Whence their 
 ideas so correct of man's immortal soul? 
 
 This author says of those native Chilians, " Many suppose 
 that they are indigenous to the country ; while others sup- 
 16 
 
182 
 
 pose they derive their origin from a foreign stock, and at one 
 time say, that their ancestors came from the north, and at an 
 other time, from the west." 
 
 Their better informed or wise men, it seems, retain some 
 impressions of their original emigration from a foreign land, 
 and from the north-west, or' Beering's Straits. Is it possible 
 to give a satisfactory account of such traditions among those 
 native Indians of Chili, short of their having received them 
 from the Hebrew sacred scriptures ? And if from thence, 
 surely they must be Hebrews. 
 
 In Long's expedition to the Rocky Mountain, we learn 
 that the Omawhaw tribe of Indians (who inhabit the west 
 side of the Missouri River, fifty miles above Engineer Can 
 tonment,) believe in one God. They call him Wahconda ; 
 and believe him " to be the greatest and best of beings ; the 
 Creator and Preserver of till things ; the Fountain of mystic 
 medicine. Omniscience, omnipresence, and vast power are 
 attributed to him. And he is supposed to afflict them with 
 sickness, poverty, or misfortune, for their evil deeds. In con 
 versation he is frequently appealed to as an evidence of the 
 truth of their asseverations "Wahconda hears what Isay" 
 
 These Indians have many wild pagan notions of this one 
 God. But they have brought down by tradition, it seem?, 
 the above essentially correct view of him, in opposition to 
 the poly the istical world. 
 
 Their name of God is remarkable Wahconda. It has 
 been shown in the body of this work, that various of the In 
 dians call God Yohewah, Ale, Yah, and Wah. doubtless from 
 the Hebrew names Jehovah, Ale, and Jah. And it has been 
 shown that these syllables which compose the name of God, 
 are compounded in many Indian words, or form the roots 
 from which they are formed. Here we find the fact ; while 
 the author from whom the account is taken, it is presumed, 
 had no perception of any such thing. Wah-conda ; the last 
 syllable of the Indian Yohewah, compounded with conda. 
 Or Jah, Wah, their monosyllable name of God thus com 
 pounded. Here is evidence among those children of the des 
 ert, both as to the nature and the name of their one God, 
 corresponding with what has been exhibited of other tribes ; 
 and very unaccountable, if they are not of the tribes of Is 
 rael. 
 
 A religious custom, related by Mr. Long, goes to corrobor 
 ate the opinion that th j ;se people are of Israel. He relates 
 that from the age of between five and ten years, their little 
 sons are obliged \o ascend a hill tasting, once or twice a week 
 during the months of ?laich and April, to pray aloud to 
 Wahronda. When this season of the year arrl'-c?, the moth 
 er iaionua the little son, that the "ice is breaking up in the 
 
183 
 
 liver ; the ducks and geese are migrating, and it is time for 
 you to prepare to go in clay" The little worshipper then 
 rubs himself over with whitish clay, and at sun rise sets off 
 lor the top of a hill, instructed by the mother what to say to 
 the Master of Life. From his elevated position he cries aloud 
 to Wahconda, humming a melancholy tune, and calling on 
 him to have pity on him, and make him a great hunter, war 
 rior, &c. 
 
 This has more the appearance of descending from Hebrew 
 tradition, than from any other nation on earth : teaching 
 their children to fast in clay, as " in dust and ashes ;" and to 
 cry to Jah for pity and protection. Such are the shreds of 
 evidence furnished, one here and another there, through the 
 wilds of America, suggesting what is the most probable, if 
 not evident origin, of the natives of this continent. 
 
 In the Percy Anecdotes, we have an account that the Shavr- 
 ano Indians in an excursion captured the Indian warrior call 
 ed Old Scranny, of the Muskhoge tribe, and condemned him 
 to a fiery torture. He told them the occasion of his falling 
 into their hands, was, he had "forfeited the protection of the 
 Divine Power by some impurity or other, when carrying the 
 holy ark of war against his devoted enemy. Here he recogniz 
 ed the one God, his providence, speaks of his holy ark borne 
 against enemies, alludes to the purity of those who bear it, 
 and if they become impure, the Divine Being will forsake 
 them. The bearing which ideas like these have our ; 
 ject, ueecls no explanation, 
 
CHAPTER I. Page. 
 
 Destruction of Jerusalem, 
 Description of Jerusalem, - 
 
 " of the Temple, 9 
 
 Christ foretels their destruction, - 10 
 
 Various signs of the event, ----- 12 
 
 Seven miraculous portents of it, - - - 17 
 
 Causes of the war, ------- 2l 
 
 Factions of the Jews, - 
 
 The Roman army under Titus approaching, - -24 
 
 A primary fulfilment of prophecies, 42 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The certain restoration of Judah and Israel, 47 
 
 The expulsion of the ten tribes, - - - - 47 
 
 Arguments in favour of a restoration. 
 
 1. The distinct existence of the Jews, 49 
 
 2. Their past partial and short possession of Canaan, - 50 
 
 3. Express predictions of the event, 53 
 
 4. A mystical import given to these, inadmissible, - 66 
 
 5. Their expulsion was literal, and their restoration 
 
 must be thus, -.___. 68 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The present state of Judah and Israel, - - - 69 
 
 State of the Jews, ------ 69 
 
 State of the ten tribes, 72 
 
 Jews dispersed, Israel outcast, - 72 
 
 Israel as such, is to be restored,. - - - 72 
 Hence they must now have somewhere a distinct ex 
 istence; and God must have provided some 
 
 place for them for 2500 years. 75 
 
 An account in Esdras of their going to such a place, - 75 
 
 Some suppositions in relation to them, 76 
 
 These suppositions are true, - 80 
 16* 
 
186 
 
 Arguments to show that the American natives are the 
 tribes of Israel 
 
 1. They all appear to have had one origin, 
 
 2. Their language appears a corruption of Hebrew, 
 
 3. They have their holy ark, - 
 
 4. They have practised circumcision, 
 
 5. They have one, and only one, God, - 
 
 6. Their variety of traditions evince they are the de 
 
 scendants of Israel, .-.-"'". 
 
 7. A prediction relative to their famine of the word, 
 
 8. Testimony of William Penn, 
 
 9. The tribe ofLevi, 
 
 10. Several appropriate traits of character, 
 
 11. Their being in tribes, with heads of tribes, 
 
 12. Their places answering to the cities of refuge, 
 
 13. Other evidences and considerations, 
 
 A hint to objectors, __---. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 An address of the prophet Isaiah, ... 131 
 
 Preparatory consideration, ----- 131 
 
 The 18th Chapter of Isaiah considered, - - 183 
 
 An Address to America, 146 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 1. The excommunication of the Hebrews deeply af 
 
 fecting, '- 153 
 
 2. The Entail of the Covenant rich, ... - - 154 
 
 3. What is first to be done for the Hebrews, - 156 
 
 4. A new view given of some prophetic passages, - 157 
 
 5. New evidence furnished of the Divinity of the 
 
 Bible, 161 
 
 APPENDIX, 169 
 
187 
 
 NAMES OF AUTHORS AND MEN QUOTED AND 
 ALLUDED TO IN THE THIRD CHAP 
 TER OF THIS WORK. 
 
 Charlevoix, page 85. 
 Dr. Edwards, 85, 88. 
 Boudmot, 86, 93, 94, 98, 106, 
 109, 113, 116,117,124. 
 Du Pratz, 86, 96. 
 Dr. Williams, 87, 99, 122. 
 Pedro, 87. 
 Ulloa, 88. 
 
 Adair, 89, 93, 96, 115, 123, 
 173, 178. 
 Hutchinson,91. 
 Beatty, 94, 109, 112. 
 M'Kenzie, 94, 108. 
 Morez, 95. 
 Hebard, 99. 
 Giddings, 101, 102. 
 Lewis arid Clark, 103, 107. 
 
 Hecherwelder, page 103, 
 
 Gookin, 104. 
 
 R. Williams, 104. 
 
 Clavigero, 108, 
 
 Col. Smith, 110. 
 
 Bartram, 115, 116. 
 
 Carver, 115, 179, 
 
 Penn, 119. 
 
 Colden, 120. 
 
 Morse, 169. 
 
 Schoolcraft, 171. 
 
 Long, 182. 
 
 Robertson, 178. 
 
 Powel, 180. 
 
 N. A. Review, 81. 
 
 Don Alonzo de Ericilla, 18 1, 
 
 Esdras, 75. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 58, line 1st from bottom, for unite read smite. 
 Page 64, line 1st from top, for Zech. read Zeph. 
 Page 72, line 10th from bottom, for xxxix* read xxxvii. 
 Page 75, line 19th from bottom, for least read last. 
 Page 1<22, line 7th from bottom, for lines read tire*, 
 Page 123, ine 5 from top, for fleshy read flashy, 
 Page 162| line 13 from top, for xvi. read xvii\