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 Wf^^mm
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 
 
 1817-1909 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY 
 
 1909
 
 BERESrORD. PR., 
 CITY OF WASHINGTON.
 
 HlSTJ>lV 
 
 WB 
 1 
 
 PREFACE. '^^"^ 
 
 On the 26th of September, 1866, Dr. J. M. Toner made 
 an address before the Medical Society of the District of 
 Cokimbia, the occasion being the forty-ninth anniversary 
 of its formation, or more correctly, of the first meeting pre- 
 liminary to its formation. The address was largely a history 
 of the Society, and was the outcome of much laborious 
 research. It is due to Dr. Toner to state that except for 
 some fragments of history by a few other persons his is 
 the only account of the first half century of the Society's 
 existence. The address was published in 1869,* and was 
 largely the basis of the addresses of Drs. Busey and W. W. 
 Johnston at the seventy-fifth anniversary, February 16, 
 1894.1 
 
 Dr. Busey, in a notex to his address, says : "I take great 
 
 asure in making the statement that I am indebted to 
 
 , J. M. Toner, a distinguished member of this Society, 
 
 many of the historical data cited in this address." 
 
 1 Dr. Johnston§ says : "The history and origin and early 
 
 ^ress of the organization was told with a fullness and 
 
 lil which will make the address of Dr. J- M. Toner a 
 
 led record for all time to come. I wish that he were 
 
 niversary oration delivered before the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, 
 
 tuber 26, 1866, by J. M. Toner, IVL D. ; Washington, 1869. 
 
 ansactions and Proceedings of the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Medical 
 
 ty of the District of Columbia, celebrated February 16, 1894. 
 
 ansactions, etc.. page 19. 
 
 ■d. page 26.
 
 IV . PREFACE 
 
 Standing in my place tonight and that you were again 
 listening to the story of the olden time, which he has made 
 so full of freshness and of life." 
 
 Dr. Busey, in his address at the announcement of Dr. 
 Toner's death, October 21, 1896, stated that (See Busey's 
 Souvenir, p. 370) "This Society will hold his memory in 
 honored remembrance as the faithful historian who through 
 years of painstaking and laborious investigation collated the 
 early history of the profession in this District from munici- 
 pal and national records, newspaper publications, family 
 reminiscences, legend and tradition. He verified and 
 arranged the data with such accuracy and completeness in 
 an address delivered September 26, 1866, that it is now and 
 always will be accepted as the standard history of the 
 medical profession of this District prior to 1866. 
 He was eminent and conspicuous as a patient, industrious 
 and honest student. . . . He was eminently and 
 acutely truthful." 
 
 The Presidential address of Dr. D. S. Lamb, December 
 18, 1901,* dealt mainly with the history of the Society, 
 which, as he said "had been written more especially by Dr. 
 J. M. Toner." Dr. Lamb, in his addressf recommended 
 that a committee be appointed to consider the question of 
 publishing a full history, of the Society, and report at its 
 convenience. The recommendation was adopted by the 
 Society, and a committee consisting of Drs. W. W. John- 
 ston, A. F. A. King and E. L. Morgan was appointed. Dr. 
 
 * Transactions of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, from January, 1901, 
 to December, 1901 ; Washington, 1902, page 333. 
 Mbid, page 357.
 
 PREFACE V 
 
 Johnston died March 21, 1902, and, April i6th, Dr. C. H. 
 A. Kleinschmidt was appointed, Dr. King becoming chair- 
 man. It is known that Dr. Kleinschmidt made extensive 
 researches, but the material that he collected is not at hand. 
 
 January 10, 1906, on request of the President of the 
 Society, Dr. J. D. Morgan, he was given authority to enlarge 
 the committee to five, and, January 17th, he appointed the 
 following: Dr. A. F. A. King, Chairman, and Drs. D. S. 
 Lamb, C. W. Franzoni, G. Wythe Cook and R. T. Holden. 
 Dr. King resigned April 3, 1907, Dr. Lamb becoming chair- 
 man, and in August, 1908, Dr. L. Eliot was added to the 
 committee. 
 
 As soon as appointed in 1906, the committee went to 
 work, and, February 7th, made a report to the Society, out- 
 lining a plan of work and was given authority to issue a cir- 
 cular embodying the same. The Society also authorized the 
 committee to prepare and publish the History and draw on 
 the Treasurer for funds to defray the necessary expenses. 
 
 From time to time the subject was brought to the attention 
 of the Society at its meetings and in the successive issues 
 of the "Washington Medical Annals." The members were 
 requested to furnish their personal sketches and photographs 
 to the committee. A card catalogue of the entire member- 
 ship was made in duplicate, and the personal sketches and 
 photographs were gradually collected. At first it was 
 thouglit to arrange the photographs in albums, but later it 
 was decided to reproduce them as halftones in the book. 
 November 28, 1906, the committee was authorized to print 
 one thousand copies. October 7, 1908, it reported that the
 
 PREFACE 
 
 manuscript was nearly ready for the printer, and October 
 2ist, the Society assessed each member $3.00 to meet the 
 cost of publication. The printing began in January, 1909. 
 
 The sources from which information has been obtained 
 in preparing the History are as follows : 
 
 I. The manuscript and typewritten records of the 
 Society, including the volumes of transactions. The first 
 volume of transactions of the Society, comprising the period 
 from its beginning to January i, 1838, has long been 
 missing. At one time it was thought to be in the possession 
 of the family of the late Dr. Thomas Sewall, but inquiry 
 failed to discover it ; it was then concluded to have been de- 
 stroyed in the fire that burned the Washington Infirmary in 
 1861. 
 
 The second volume included the period from January i, 
 1838, to October 31, 1866, and was fully indexed by the 
 Recording Secretary, Dr. A. F. A. King. The third volume 
 included the time from November 7, 1866, to November 3, 
 1869, and was indexed by the Secretary, Dr. Wm. Lee. The 
 fourth from November 10, 1869, to December 18, 1872, 
 was not indexed. The fifth from January 6, 1873, to July 
 
 21, 1874; sixth, from September 9, 1874, to May 17, 1876; 
 seventh, from May 24, 1876, to December 20, 1878; eighth, 
 from January 6, 1879, to September 21, 1881 ; all were 
 indexed. The ninth was from September 28, 1881, to 
 February 27, 1884; tenth, from March 5, 1884, to December 
 
 22, 1886; neither was indexed. The succeeding volumes 
 were each for one year and were indexed, and many were 
 typewritten.
 
 PREFACE vil 
 
 There are also a few books in manuscript, such as were 
 kept by the Corresponding Secretary, including copies of his 
 correspondence. 
 
 2. The printed records of the Society, which include the 
 occasional publication of the charter, constitution and by- 
 laws and list of members under one cover. Such publica- 
 tions were made in 1820, following the first charter; in 
 1839, following the second charter; in 1854, 1861, 1867, 
 1870, 1882, 1894, 1897 and 1904. Several of these were 
 necessitated by the numerous changes that had been made 
 in the constitution and by-laws. To these must be added the 
 catalogue published in 1885. 
 
 Some portion of the Society's transactions appeared in 
 Volume II, of the "National Medical Journal," Washington. 
 This journal was pubHshed, Vol. I, 1870-1, edited by Dr. 
 C. C. Cox; Vol. II, 1871-2, edited by Drs. Busey and Lee. 
 That portion of the Transactions from November 18, 1868, 
 to December, 1870, appeared in the second volume. 
 
 "Transactions of the Society," published quarterly by the 
 Society, from April, 1874, to December 20, 1878, inclusive; 
 five volumes. This publication covered much of the work 
 of the Society from 1865 to February, 1878. 
 
 The "National Medical Review," published in Wash- 
 ington by Walter Scott Wells ; six numbers were published ; 
 December to May, 1878-9. A number of contributions to 
 the Society w'ere published in this journal. 
 
 "Walsh's Retrospect of American Medicine and Sur- 
 gery," published in Washington; Volumes I to III, 1880 
 to 1882. Ralph Walsh and T. E. McArdle edited the first
 
 VUl PREFACE 
 
 and Walsh the other volumes. Only a very few contribu- 
 tions to the Society appeared in this journal. 
 
 The ''Maryland Medical Journal," Vols. IX to XIII, 
 1882-3 to 1885, contained much of the Society work from 
 January 17, 1883, to June 17, 1885. 
 
 "Journal of the American Medical Association," 1882 
 to 1909. 
 
 "National ]\Iedical Review," Washington, D. C, 1892 to 
 its suspension in 1901. 
 
 "Washington Medical Annals," the official publication of 
 the Society's work, 1901 to 1909. 
 
 3. Besides the above mentioned publications the follow- 
 ing have also been consulted : 
 
 Toner's Anniversary Oration, 1866. Dr. Toner compiled 
 a list of members and officers (ibid, p. 19) from 1818 to 
 1838, from the "National Intelligencer" and other sources, 
 chiefly made up, as he says, from publications authorized 
 from time to time by the Society. He believed the list 
 was correct. 
 
 "Toner's Medical Register of the District of Columbia," 
 1867. 
 
 Busey's four volumes, "Personal Reminiscences," &c., 
 Washington, 1895; "A Souvenir," &c., Washington, 
 1896; "Pictures of the City of Washington," &c., 1898; 
 "Annual Addresses," Washington, 1899. 
 
 "Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon General's 
 Office," two series. 
 
 "Transactions of the American Medical Association," 
 33 Vols. 
 
 "Congressional Globe" and "Congressional Record."
 
 PREFACE IX 
 
 L. Eliot — "Historical Roster of the Medical Association, 
 
 D. C, 1899." 
 
 The halftones were made by the Joyce Engraving Co. of 
 Washington, and are arranged in the order of accession to 
 membership in the Society. Some photographs received 
 were not distinct enough to make good halftones. Two 
 portraits were duplicated, appearing in both the Honorary 
 and Active list — Drs. Antisell and Bedford Brown. Two 
 others were duplicated through inadvertence — Drs. Ball 
 and Hoover. Another, Dr. Garnett, was duplicated because 
 the first photograph received was not as desirable as the 
 second. In three cases there is misspelling in the names; 
 Byrnes should be Byrns; Isadore (Bermann) should be 
 Isidor; Phoebe (Norris) should be Phebe. 
 
 The thanks of the Society as well as the committee are 
 due to the following persons for assistance in the work : 
 To Dr. J. D. Morgan, and Miss Cordelia Jackson of George- 
 town, for their general interest in the work and especially 
 in obtaining personal sketches and photographs. To Drs. 
 
 E. L. Morgan, H. A. Robbins and J. H. Yarnall, for similar 
 
 aid. To Dr. Isabel H. Lamb, for comparing all the copy 
 
 with the proof; and to Miss Alice Haslup, of Washington, 
 
 for making photographs of places of meeting without any 
 
 charge. 
 
 D. S. Lamb. 
 
 C. W. Franzoni, 
 
 G. Wythe Cook, 
 
 R. T. HOLDEN, 
 
 Llewellin Eeiot, 
 September i, 1909. " ' 'X?. Committee on History.
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Places of Meeting of the Medical Society, ..... i6 
 
 The Medical Board of Examiners of the District of Columbia, . 19 
 
 The Seal of the Society, 23 
 
 National and International Societies, ...... 24 
 
 Smallpox and Vaccination, 27 
 
 Medical Ethics, 30 
 
 Hospitals and Dispensaries of the District of Columbia, . , 33 
 
 The Library of the Society, 40 
 
 Obituaries, ........... 43 
 
 Coroner's Inquests, .......... 46 
 
 Quackery in the District of Columbia, 47 
 
 The Scientific Work of the Society ; the Essays read ; the Path- 
 ological Specimens and Patients Presented; and the Discussions 
 
 thereon, ........... 53 
 
 The Society and the District of Columbia, Generally, ... 63 
 
 Asiatic Cholera, .......... 66 
 
 The Publication of the Transactions of the Society, ... 67 
 
 The Medical Hall, 84 
 
 Another Medical Building, 88 
 
 Prize Essays, ........... 90 
 
 The Pharmacists of the District of Columbia, .... 91 
 
 The Anniversaries of the Society, ....... 94 
 
 Portraits of Members, ......... 97 
 
 Investments, ........... 98 
 
 The Society and Medical History and Statistics, .... 99 
 
 The Society and Colored Physicians, ...... 100 
 
 1S69 to 1872, 100 
 
 The Society and the Health Department of the District of Columbia, 105 
 Practical Anatomy, . . . . . . . . . .116 
 
 Homoeopathy, ........... 117 
 
 Women Physicians, . . , . . . . . . .119 
 
 Certificates of Illness, ......... 121 
 
 Compensation to the Officers of the Society 122 
 
 The National Surgical Institute of the District of Columbia, . . 124 
 
 Complimentary Action of the Society to Certain Members, . . 127 
 
 Regulation of the Practice of Medicine in the District of Columbia, 133
 
 Xll CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Malaria in the District of Columbia, 138 
 
 Nurses I45 
 
 The Abattoir, 146 
 
 Reminiscences, .......... 147 
 
 The Society and the Water Supply of the District of Columbia ; 
 
 and Typhoid Fever, ......... 153 
 
 An Inebriate Asylum in the District of Columbia, 165 
 
 Licentiates of the Society, 165 
 
 Contagious Diseases Other Than Smallpox in the District of Co- 
 lumbia, ........... 166 
 
 The Testimony of Physicians in Court 169 
 
 The Eclectic Medical Society of the District of Columbia, . . 170 
 
 The Ice Trust 171 
 
 The Feeding of Infants, 172 
 
 The Medical College Act, 172 
 
 Tuberculosis, ........... 176 
 
 The Society and the Milk Supply of the District of Columbia, . 178 
 
 Vivisection, ........... 181 
 
 The Eyes of School Children, 184 
 
 The Opium Habit 186 
 
 The Society and the Health of School Children, .... 188 
 
 Codification of the Laws of the District of Columbia, . . . 188 
 
 Spitting in Public, .......... 190 
 
 Medical Inspection of Schools in the District of Columbia, . . 191 
 
 Psycho-Physical Laboratory, ........ 192 
 
 The Insane of the District of Columbia, ...... 192 
 
 The Executive Committee of the Society, ..... 193 
 
 Association of State Medical Journals, 199 
 
 Reviewers, ........... 200 
 
 The Medical Association, 202 
 
 MEMBERSHIP. 
 
 Honorary Members, 207 
 
 Active Members, Personal Sketches, " . . . . . . 209 
 
 Additions to Sketches, ......... 398 
 
 Table I ; Place of Birth, 401 
 
 Table II ; Medical College From Which Graduated, . . . 403 
 
 Table III ; Non-Medical Educational Institutions Attended, . 407 
 
 Table IV ; Army, Navy and Marine Hospital Service, . . . 413 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 The Constitution and By-Laws and Changes Therein, . . . 417 
 
 Subject Index, ........... 443 
 
 Personal Index, 454
 
 U.S. PATENT OFFICE
 
 ASSEMBLY BUILDING 
 COLUMBIAN COLLEGE 
 
 I5IH & H STS. N . W.
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 Oil the 9th of July, 1790, the Congress of the United 
 States passed a law establishing the seat of the National 
 Government on the banks of the Potomac River. On the 
 1 6th of the same month the law was approved by Presi- 
 dent George Washington. September 19, 1793, President 
 Washington laid the corner stone of the United States 
 Capitol, and on the third Monday in November, 1800, 
 Congress began its first session in the " City of Washing- 
 ton." 
 
 The new city was then but sparsely inhabited and 
 there were few physicians. According to Dr. J. M. Toner* 
 there were only nine physicians and two apothecaries in 
 18 1 5. Today (1909) there are registered at the Health 
 Office of the District of Columbia 1,581 physicians, 648 
 dentists and 597 pharmacists. 
 
 We are further told by Dr. Toner that the first assem- 
 bling of physicians that took place in Washington was in 
 1813, and was called to take action on the death of Dr. 
 Benjamin Rush, one of the signers of the Declaration of 
 Independence, and known also as the " Founder of Amer- 
 ican Medicine." 
 
 According to Dr. S. C. Busey, the Medical Society of 
 the District of Columbia was number twelve in the list of 
 Medical Societies in the United States which in 1894 had 
 reached the age of seventy-five years, and was probably the 
 first scientific society chartered by Act of Congress. Ten of 
 
 * Oration, 1S69. p. 37. 
 I
 
 2 MEDICAI^ SOCIETY 
 
 the founders of the Society were natives of INIaryland, four 
 were Virginians, two were from Massachusetts, three were 
 born in the District of Columbia, and of two the nativities 
 are unknown. The Society is a natural and direct heir of 
 the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and three 
 founders of the Faculty became afterwards incorporators 
 of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia. It 
 may be added that of the twenty-one original incorporators 
 of the Society, six were surgeons in the U. S. Army, two 
 in the U. S. Navy, and one served in both — nearly one 
 half the entire number of incorporators. 
 
 The eleven other societies referred to were as follows : 
 New Jersey ]\Iedical Society, organized in 1766; Massa- 
 chusetts Medical Society, in 1781 ; College of Physicians, 
 Philadelphia, 1787; New Hampshire IMedical Society 
 1791 ; Connecticut Medical Society, 1792; Medical and 
 Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1799; New York Medi- 
 cal Society, 1806; Albany (N. Y.,) Medical Society, 1806; 
 New York County Medical Society, 1807 ; Rhode Island 
 Medical Society, 181 1 ; and Vermont Medical Society, 
 1814. * 
 
 It should be remembered that from 1790 until 1846 the 
 city of Alexandria, Va., was included in the District of 
 Columbia. 
 
 In the early days of the District there were many medical 
 charlatans, who not only imposed on the citizens but worked 
 a hardship, as such pretenders always do, to the regularly 
 qualified physicians. This condition of things was largely 
 the reason for the formation of the Medical Society. By a 
 canvass of the regular physicians it was ascertained that 
 there was a unanimous sentiment in favor of founding such 
 a society. An advertisement was accordingly inserted in 
 the principal Washington newspaper, the " National Intel- 
 
 *Trans. 75th Anniv. Med. Soc. D. C, p. 17.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 3 
 
 ligencer," September 24, 1817, that "The physicians of 
 Washington and Georgetown are requested to meet at Ten- 
 nison's Hotel on Friday, the 26th instant, at 11 o'clock, for 
 the purpose of taking into consideration the organization 
 of a Medical Society."* 
 
 The meeting was held as advertised ; sixteen physi- 
 cians, including nearly all those practicing in Washington 
 and Georgetown, attended. They were Drs. B. S. Bohrer, 
 J. H. Blake, George Clark, Robert French, John Harrison, 
 Thomas Henderson, Samuel Horsley, Henry Huntt, James 
 T. Johnson, William Jones, J. P. C. McMahon, Alex. Mc- 
 Williams, Thomas Sim, Peregrine Warfield and Charles 
 and Nicholas Worthington. Dr. Charles Worthington was 
 made chairman and Dr. Huntt, secretary. The object of 
 the meeting was explained and the following resolution 
 was unanimously adopted : " Resolved^ that the physicians 
 attending this meeting deem it important and expedient to 
 organize at once a society in the District for the promotion 
 of medical science." 
 
 Dr. W. W. Johnston describes this meeting as follows : 
 
 " In a small hotel or tavern, called Tennison's, situated 
 on Pennsylvania Avenue near Fourteenth Street, on the 
 morning of September 26, 181 7, at 11 o'clock, there were 
 gathered sixteen men. * * * 
 
 "They form an interesting group as they sit there. 
 They were the descendants of that better class of settlers 
 who came to America, some in the spirit of adventure (the 
 Old World being too narrow for their ambition), some for 
 conscience sake, seeking a new home from political or 
 religious disaffection, but bringing with them the tastes, 
 the courtesies and much of the wealth of the old European 
 life. The ancestor of Dr. Thomas Sewall, who settled in 
 Washington in 1820, crossed the ocean to America in 1814, 
 plentifully provided with money and English servants, neat 
 
 * Toner, Oration, p. 8 et seg.
 
 4 MEDIC AI, SOCIETY 
 
 cattle and provisions, and with other things snitable for the 
 commencement of a plantation. j\Iany were the heirs of 
 large estates, and inherited the gallant bearing and good 
 looks of their ancestry. Their names, too, tell us of what 
 stock they came — Worthington, Warfield, Henderson, 
 Blake, McWilliams, JNIcMahon, are the same .race which 
 has always been found equal to every emergency in Europe 
 or America. 
 
 " There was youth as well as hearty manhood in this 
 gathering : Worthington was 57 ; Blake, 50 ; Huntt, 35 ; 
 Bohrer, 29 ; William Jones, 28 ; and Weightman, 24* — 
 matured wisdom and judgment united to youthful fire, 
 qualities needed in a new enterprize like this. We can see 
 them there in Tennisou's Tavern, as fine a looking body of 
 hale, handsome men as could be seen anywhere, with 
 strong faces, indicating the set purpose and the firm deci- 
 sion to do all that was possible for the advancement of their 
 profession in this, the new Capital of the Country."t 
 
 A committee of seven was selected to draft a constitu- 
 tion and by-laws for the government of the Society, which 
 was to be called the " Medical Society of the District of 
 Columbia.'" The committee consisted of Drs. Blake, Thos. 
 Sim, Henderson, Clark, Charles Worthington, Warfield and 
 Huntt. The committee reported November 3d ; some 
 amendments were offered and some portions of the proposed 
 constitution and by-laws were adopted ; the remainder were 
 adopted November loth. The constitution and by-laws 
 were ordered to be copied in a book and signed by the 
 members. As this work required time, it was ordered that 
 the next meeting should be held January 5, 1818, and that 
 all physicians of the District should be invited to attend 
 and take part in adopting the constitution and by-laws as 
 a whole and in the election of officers. 
 
 At the meeting January 5th Charles Worthington was 
 
 * Weightmau's name is not in the list of sixteen as given by Dr. Toner. 
 t75th Anniv. Trans, of Soc., 1894. p. 28.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI<UMBIA 5 
 
 elected President ; Arnold Elzey and J. H. Blake, Vice 
 Presidents ; Henry Huntt, Corresponding Secretary ; Thos. 
 Henderson, Recording Secretary ; Richard Weightman, 
 Librarian ; and Wm. Jones, Treasnrer. " Thns," says Dr. 
 Toner, " was launched on the waters of time a new craft that 
 was destined to affect materially the social, intellectual, moral 
 and sanitary character of the District. Meetings were held 
 quarterly, at which papers were read and discussed, and 
 sometimes adjourned meetings were also held. Some of 
 the papers read were published."* Dr. Toner also states 
 that as far as professional improvement was concerned the 
 expectations of the members were more than realized, but 
 that the expected relief from charlatans did not come. The 
 members of the Society finally came to the conclusion that 
 in order to obtain this relief it would be necessary to secure 
 the enactment of some law that would prevent any but 
 competent physicians from beginning the practice of medi- 
 cine in the District of Columbia. Accordingly twenty-one 
 members of the Society applied to Congress in 1818 for a 
 charter or act of incorporation as a Medical Society. The 
 charter was granted, approved by President Monroe, Feb- 
 ruary 16, 1 8 19. It was almost an exact copy of that of the 
 Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland. 
 
 An Act to incorporate the Medical Society of the District 
 
 OF Columbia. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
 States of America, in Congress assevibled. That Charles Worthington, 
 James H. Blake, John T. Shaaff, Thomas Sim, Frederick May, Joel T. 
 Gustine, EHsha Harrison, Peregrine Warfield, Alexander Mc Williams, 
 George Clark, Henry Huntt, Thomas Henderson, John Harrison, Benja- 
 min S. Bohrer, Samuel Horseley, Nicholas W. Worthington, William 
 Jones, James T. Johnson, Richard Weightman, George May, Robert 
 French, and such persons as they may from time to time elect, and their 
 successors, are hereby declared to be a community, corporation, and body 
 politic, forever, by and under the name and title of the Medical Society 
 of the District of Columbia ; and by and under the same name and title 
 
 ♦Toner's Oration, p. 10.
 
 6 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 they shall be able and capable in law to purchase, take, have and enjoy, 
 to iheni and their successors, in fee or for lease, estate or estates, any 
 land, tenements, rents, annuities, chattels, bank stock, registered debts, 
 or other public securities within the District, by the gift, bargain, sale, 
 demise, or of any person or persons, bodies politic or corporate, capable 
 to make the same, and the same, at their pleasure, to alien, sell, transfer 
 or lease and apply to such purposes as they may adjudge most condu- 
 cive to the promoting and disseminating medical and surgical knowledge, 
 and for no other purpose whatever : Provided iteverthetess, That the said 
 society, or body politic, shall not, at any one time, hold or possess prop- 
 erty, real personal or mixt, exceeding in total value the sum of six thou- 
 sand dollars per annum. 
 
 Sec. 2. And be it further enacted. That the members of the said 
 societ)-, above designated, shall hold, in the City of Washington, four stated 
 meetings in every year, viz : on the first Mondays in January, April, July 
 and October ; the officers of the society to consist of a President, two 
 Vice-Presidents, one Corresponding Secretary, one Recording Secretary, 
 one Treasurer and one Librarian, who shall be appointed on the second 
 Monday in March, one thousand eight hundred and nineteen, and on the 
 annual meeting in January forever thereafter, (not less than seven mem- 
 bers being present at such meeting), and the society may make a common 
 seal, and may elect into their body such medical and chirurgical practi- 
 tioners, within the District of Columbia, as they may deem qualified to 
 become members of the society ; it being understood that the officers of 
 the society now elected are to remain in office until the next election 
 after the passage of this act. 
 
 Sec. 3. Ayid be it further enacted. That it shall and may be lawful 
 for the said Medical Society, or any number of them attending, (not less 
 than seven), to elect by ballot five persons, residents of the District, who 
 shall be stiled the Medical Board of Examiners of the District of Colum- 
 bia, whose duty it shall be to grant licenses to such medical and chirur- 
 gical gentlemen as they may, upon a full examination, judge adequate to 
 commence the practice of the medical and chirurgical arts, or as may pro- 
 duce diplomas from some respectable college or society ; each person so 
 obtaining a certificate to pay a sum not exceeding ten dollars, to be fixed 
 on or ascertained by the society. 
 
 Sec. 4. And be it further enacted. That any three of the examiners 
 shall constitute a board for examining such candidates as may apply, and 
 shall subscribe their names to each certificate by them granted, which 
 certificate shall also be countersigned by the President of the society, and 
 have the seal of the society affixed thereto by the Secretary, upon paying 
 into the hands of the Treasurer the sum of money to be ascertained, as 
 above, by the society ; and any one of the said examiners may grant a 
 license to practice, until a board, in conformity to this act, can be held ; 
 Provided, That nothing herein contained shall authorize the said corpora- 
 tion in any wise to regulate the price of medical or chirurgical attend- 
 ance, on such persons as may need those services. 
 
 Sec. 5. And be it further eftacted, That after the appointment of the 
 aforesaid medical board, no person, not heretofore a practitioner of medi- 
 cine or surgery within the District of Columbia, shall be allowed to prac- 
 tice within the said District, in either of said branches, and receive payment 
 for his services, without first having obtained a license, testified as by 
 this law directed, or without the production of a diploma, under the penalty 
 of fifty dollars for each offence, to be recovered in the county court where
 
 DI.STRICT OF COIvUMBIA 7 
 
 he may reside, by bill of presentment and indictment ; one half for the 
 use of the society, and the other for that of the informer. 
 
 Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That every person who, upon 
 application, shall be elected a member of the Medical Society, shall pay 
 a sum not exceeding ten dollars, to be ascertained by the society. 
 
 Sec. 7. And be it ftuther enacted. That the Medical Society be, and 
 they are hereby empowered, from time to time, to make such by-laws, 
 rules and regulations, as they may find requisite, to break or alter their 
 common seal, to fix the times and places for the meetings of the board of 
 examiners, filling up vacancies in the medical board, and to do and per- 
 form such other things as may be requisite for carrying this act into exe- 
 cution, and which may not be repugnant to the constitution and laws of 
 the United States ; Provided, That nothing herein contained shall extend 
 to prohibit any person during his actual residence in any of the United 
 States, and who, by the laws of the state wherein he doth or may reside, is 
 not prohibited from practising in either of the above branches, from practis- 
 ing in this District ; Provided always, That it shall and may be lawful for 
 any person, resident as aforesaid, and not prohibited as aforesaid, when 
 specially sent for, to come into any part of this District, and administer 
 or prescribe medicine, or perform any operation for the relief of such to 
 whose assistance he may be sent for. 
 
 Sbc. 8. And be it further enacted. That Congress may, at any time, 
 alter, amend, or annul this act of incorporation of said society at pleasure. 
 
 H. CLAY, 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 DANIEL D. TOMPKINS, 
 Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate. 
 
 JAMES MONROE. 
 Approved February 16, 1819. 
 
 A curious lapse in language occurred in the charter of 
 the Medical Society. That of the Maryland Faculty, in 
 enumerating the ways in which that Faculty might acquire 
 property, stated that they might be by gift, bargain, sale, 
 devise of any person or persons ; but the charter of the 
 IMedical Society of this District uses the words " gift, bar- 
 gain, sale, demise., or of any person or persons." The same 
 lapse reappeared in the second charter, that of 1838. 
 
 On the 3d of the following March a notice appeared in 
 the " National Intelligencer" that : 
 
 "By an act of Congress the Medical Society of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia has been incorporated, and by a provision 
 of the act the term of service of the officers expires on the 
 8th of March. A meeting of the Society is called on Mon- 
 day next (March 8th) at 11 o'clock, at Strother's Hotel,
 
 8 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 where much business of great importance to the Society 
 will be laid before the members, who are notified to attend 
 precisely at the hour appointed. 
 
 " The Library Committee are requested to meet at the 
 same place on the same day, at lo o'clock, and prepare to 
 make a report. (Signed) Thomas Henderson, Recording 
 Secretary." 
 
 The meeting was held and officers were elected for the 
 year. In addition to those provided for by the charter, 
 three Censors were elected. The constitution and by-laws 
 made no mention of any such officers, and it is not clear 
 what were their duties. (See Board of Censors.) 
 
 Dr. Toner states that the members attended the four 
 meetings of the year with much punctuality and showed 
 great interest in the success of the Society. 
 
 " The papers read before it were well prepared and the 
 discussions which followed were able and practical. A hall 
 was rented in 1819 for the use of the Society and a library 
 collected by donation and purchase. It seems, however, 
 that the novelty of the meetings gradually wore away with 
 the younger members, and some of the older ones became 
 infirm and ceased to attend, or died. The interest in the 
 proceedings and discussions gradually abated, and in a few 
 years barely a quorum could be got together." He adds 
 that '' there was an absence of fraternal feeling among the 
 younger members and the strangers who came to the city 
 to practice ; and that the opening of the Medical Depart- 
 ment of Columbian College in 182 1 added to the indiffer- 
 ence, because it was a ' new source of professional entertain- 
 ment.' "* 
 
 Still another adverse condition presented itself, namely, 
 a dispute as to the need of a licensing body, since a diploma 
 from a medical college was all that was required or contem- 
 plated by the provision of the charter. 
 
 *Toner's Oration, p. He/ seg.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 9 
 
 "In 1825 ^^'^ 1826, during a period of the most active 
 discontent among the members,* a very determined effort 
 was made by a few physicians of Washington and George- 
 town to form a new medical society which should supersede 
 the chartered organization. The profession was thoroughly 
 canvassed and several meetings were held in the interest of 
 the movement, which at first promised to be successful." 
 
 A notice appeared in the "National Intelligencer" April 5, 
 1826, as follows : "Notice. — A meeting of the physicians 
 of Washington and Georgetown who have agreed to form 
 a medical association is requested at the City Hall on Tues- 
 day, the 6th, at 12 o'clock." 
 
 The meeting was held and, what seems strange to us. 
 Dr. Frederick May was elected Chairman and Dr. Thomas 
 Henderson, Secretary. Meetings were also held on the 
 loth and nth of April. There was much diversity of 
 opinion, and nothing was accomplished. 
 
 Again, in 1828, the following notice appeared in the 
 " National Intelligencer" of January 23d :t 
 
 " Medical Society. — A meeting of the Medical Society 
 of the District of Columbia will be held on Wednesday, 
 the 23d instant, at the City Hall, the object of the meet- 
 ing being to decide whether the Society shall in future 
 hold its meetings." 
 
 The attempt to destroy the Society was not, however, 
 sufficiently supported. 
 
 " The discordant views previously alluded to, with per- 
 sonal jealousies that unfortunately sprung up in the Society, 
 prevailed to such an extent in 183 1-3, that for want of a 
 quorum at the annual meetings, the Society, it is believed, 
 failed to elect officers ; at least no record of elections can 
 be found."! 
 
 ♦Toner's Oration, p. 22. tToner Oration, p. 18. tToner Oration, p. 23.
 
 lO MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 A better feeling, however, began to manifest itself among 
 the members in 1834-6, during which years meetings were 
 held, officers elected, and the diseases incident to the terri- 
 tory and the best modes of treatment were discussed with- 
 out the least suspicion that the charter had been forfeited. 
 This disagreeable fact was not discovered by the Society 
 until a case involving the powers and privileges of the So- 
 ciety was taken into court, when it was shown that the 
 charter had been forfeited by neglect of duty, and there- 
 fore no penalty could be incurred for violation of its 
 provisions. 
 
 In Cranch's Reports Vol, V, pp. 62 to 71, is the report 
 of the trial of John Williams for practicing medicine in 
 the District of Columbia without a license from the Medi- 
 cal Board of Examiners of the District. He professed to 
 be an oculist, and practiced and received payment there- 
 for. In the indictment, the specific date of violation of 
 the law was December 15, 1836. The defence set up the 
 contention that the Society had gone out of existence be- 
 cause for some years before 1834 it had failed to hold an- 
 nual meetings as required by the charter, and therein had 
 failed to elect the Medical Board as it should have done ; 
 that, therefore, the Board had been acting without any 
 legal authority, and indeed had never since the charter was 
 given, in 1819, been properly elected. The defence further 
 claimed that some members had given out that they were 
 no longer members, and it was also stated that it had been 
 agreed that the property and effects of the Society were to 
 be divided among the individual members. The minutes 
 of the Board had been lost. The court consisted of Chief 
 Justice Wm. Cranch, with Associate Justices Buckner 
 Thruston and James Sewall Morsell. Francis Scott Key, 
 the author of " The Star Spangled Banner," was United 
 States Attorney and prosecuting ofiicer. It is interesting
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA I I 
 
 to note that Justice Thruston gave it as his opinion that 
 the Society had had authority only to license students and 
 those about to begin practice, and not those already in prac- 
 tice. The jury was out two days and a night, and then 
 rendered a verdict of acquittal. 
 
 At that time all but seven of the original incorporators 
 were dead or had removed from the city ; these seven, Drs. 
 Frederick May, Alex. McWilliams, Henry Huntt, Wm. 
 Jones, G. W. May, Peregrine Warfield and N. W. Worth- 
 ington, with fourteen others who had joined the Society, 
 petitioned Congress, on its assembling in 1837, for a revival 
 of the charter with amendments.* 
 
 The new charter, or act of reincorporation, was approved 
 by President Van Buren July 7, 1838. In the main it is 
 the same as the first charter ; there were some emendations. 
 
 ACT OF INCORPORATION. 
 
 An Act to Revive, with Amendments, An Act to Incorporate 
 THE Medical Society of the District of Columbia. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Seriate and House of Representatives of the United 
 States of America in Congress assembled. That Frederick May, M. D., 
 Alexander McWilliams, M. D., Henry Huntt, M. D., N. P. Causin, M. D., 
 W. Jones, M. D., Richmond Johnson, M. D., Thomas Sewall, M. D., 
 George W. May, M. D., Nicholas W. Worthington, M. D., Joshua Reily, 
 M. D., James S. Gunnell, M. D., Harvey Lindsly, M. D., James C. Hall, 
 M. D., Thomas Miller, M. D., Joseph Borrows, M. D., Alexander McD. 
 Davis, M. D., Benjamin King, M. D., Noble Young, M. D., H. F. Condict, 
 M. D., W. B. Magruder, M. D., Peregrine Warfield, M. D., J. B. Blake, 
 M. D., and such other persons as the}' may from time to time elect, and 
 their successors, are hereby declared to be a community, corporation, and 
 body politic, forever, or until Congress shall by law direct this charter 
 to cease and determine, by and under the name and title of the Medical 
 Society of the District of Columbia ; and by and under the same name 
 and title they shall be able and capable in law to purchase, take, have 
 and enjoy, to them and their successors, in fee or for lease, estate or es- 
 tates, an}' land, tenements, rents, annuities, chattels, bank stock, regis- 
 tered debts, or other public securities within the District, by the gift, 
 bargain, sale, demise, or of any person or persons, bodies politic or cor- 
 porate, capable to make the same, and the same, at their pleasure, to 
 alien, sell, transfer, or lease and apply, to such purposes as they may ad- 
 judge most conducive to the promoting and disseminating medical and 
 
 *Toner Oration, p. 18.
 
 12 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 surgical knowledge, and for no other purpose whatever : Provided, 
 nevertheless. That the said Society or body politic shall not, at any one 
 time, hold or possess property, real, personal, or mixed, exceeding in 
 total value the sum of six thousand dollars per annum. 
 
 Sec. 2. Andbeit further enacted. That the members of the said Society 
 above designated shall hold, in the City of Washington, two stated meet- 
 ings in every year, viz : on the first Monday in January and July ; the 
 oflBcers of the Society to consist of a President, two Vice Presidents, one 
 Corresponding Secretary, one Recording Secretary, one Treasurer and 
 one Librarian, who shall be appointed on the first Monday in July, one 
 thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight, and on the annual meeting in 
 January forever thereafter, and who shall hold their offices for one 
 year, and until others are chosen in their stead (not less than seven 
 members being present at such meeting); and the Society may make a 
 common seal, and may elect into their body such medical and chirurgical 
 practitioners, within the District of Columbia, as they may deem qualified 
 to become members of the Society, it being understood that the officers of 
 the Society now elected are to remain in office until the next election 
 after the passage of this act. 
 
 Sec. 3. And be it further enacted. That it shall and may be lawful for 
 the said Medical Society, or any number of them attending, (not less than 
 seven), to elect by ballot five persons, residents of the District of Colum- 
 bia, whose duty it shall be to grant licenses to such medical and chirurgi- 
 cal gentlemen as they may, upon a full examination, judge qualified to 
 practice the medical and chirurgical arts, or as may produce a diploma 
 from some respectable medical college or society, each person so obtain- 
 ing a certificate to pay a sum, not exceeding ten dollars, to be fixed on or 
 ascertained by the Society. 
 
 Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That any three of the examiners 
 shall constitute a board for examining such candidates as may apply, 
 and shall subscribe their names to each certificate by them granted, 
 which certificate shall also be countersigned by the President of the 
 Society, and have the seal of the Society affixed thereto by the Secretary, 
 upon paying into the hands of the Treasurer the sum of money to be 
 ascertained as above by the Society ; and any one of the said examiners 
 may grant a license to practice until a board in conformity to this act 
 can be held : Provided, That nothing herein contained shall authorize 
 the said corporation in anywise to regulate the practice of medical or 
 chirurgical attendance on such persons as may need those services, nor 
 to establish or fix a tariff of charges or fees for medical attendance or 
 advice, or to interfere in any way with charges or fees for medical attend- 
 ance or advice. 
 
 Sec. 5. And be it further enacted. That after the appointment of the 
 aforesaid medical board no person, not heretofore a practitioner of medi- 
 cine or surgery within the District of Columbia shall be allowed to prac- 
 tice within the said District, in either of said branches, without first 
 having obtained a license, testified as by this law directed, or the pro- 
 duction of a diploma from a respectable medical college or a board of 
 examiners established by law : Provided, That the professors in such col- 
 lege, or the examiners in such board, be men regularly instructed in 
 medicine and surgery, and the collateral branches of medical education, 
 anatomy, chemistry, under the penalty of fifty dollars for each offense, to 
 be recovered in the county court where he may reside, by bill of present- 
 ment and indictment, one-half for the use of the Society, and the other 
 for that of the informer.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA I 3 
 
 Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That every person who upon appli- 
 cation shall be elected a member of the Medical Society, shall pay a sum 
 not exceeding ten dollars, to be ascertained by the Society. 
 
 Sec. 7. A?id be it further enacted, That the Medical Society be, and they 
 are hereby, empowered, from time to time, to make such by-laws, rules, 
 and regulations as they may find requisite ; which by-laws, rules, and 
 regulations shall, in their application and operation, be exclusively con- 
 fined to said Society, as a Society, or body corporate, and not to its mem- 
 bers individually, when not acting in a corporate character ; to break or 
 alter their common seal ; to fix the times and places for the meetings of 
 the boards of examiners ; filling up vacancies in the medical board ; and 
 to do and perform such other things as may be requisite for carrying this 
 act into execution, and which may not be repugnant to the Constitution 
 and laws of the United States : Provided ahvays. That it shall and may 
 be lawful for any person, resident as aforesaid, and not prohibited as 
 aforesaid, when specially sent for, to come into any part of this District 
 and administer or prescribe medicine, or perform any operation for the 
 relief of such to whose assistance he may be sent for : And provided also. 
 That nothing in this act contained shall be so construed as to prevent any 
 person, living within or without said District, from administering medi- 
 cine, or performing any surgical operation, with the consent of the per- 
 son or the attendants of the person to whom such medicine is adminis- 
 tered, or upon whom such surgical operation is performed, without fee 
 or reward ; nor to prevent the giving advice or assistance in any way to 
 tlje sick or afflicted, upon charity and kindness ; nor to prevent the re- 
 ceipt of reward for the same, if voluntarily tendered or made ; nor to ex- 
 tend to midwifery by females ; and any person so administering medicine 
 or performing any surgical operation, not authorized to practice physic 
 and surgery agreeably to the provisions of this act, shall be prohibited 
 from collecting any fee or reward for the same by any process of law : 
 And be it further provided. That no person shall be admitted to an ex- 
 amination until he shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has studied 
 physic and surgery three years, including one full course of medical lec- 
 tures, as usually taught at medical schools, or four years without such a 
 course of lectures. 
 
 Sec. 8. Ayid be it further enacted. That Congress may at any time 
 alter, amend, or annul this act of incorporation of said Society at pleasure. 
 
 JAMES K. POLK, 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 RD. M. JOHNSON, 
 Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate. 
 
 M. VAN BUREN. 
 Approved July 7, 1838. 
 
 Since that time the Society has not failed to meet to 
 elect officers except possibly in the years 1862 and 1863, 
 during the civil war. The Treasurer made no report from 
 January 7, 1861, until January 4, 1864. 
 
 Dr. Toner states that in 1826 a "Washington Medical 
 Society" was formed by the professors and students of the
 
 14 MEDIC AI. SOCIETY 
 
 Medical Department of Columbian College and met at the 
 College. Eventually the Society admitted other physicians. 
 It seems to have ceased to exist in 1832.* 
 
 The present Medical Association of the District 
 OF Columbia was formed in January, 1833. Its object 
 was to provide a code of ethics and fee bill, both of 
 which were denied to the Medical Society by its charter, 
 sections I and IV. It has been held by some members 
 of the Society that by its charter it is prevented from dis- 
 ciplining its members for any offence committed outside of 
 its actual meetings. As an example it may be mentioned 
 that a charge of bribery in which there was a public scan- 
 dal was brought against a member of the Society in 1868. 
 The Society ordered an investigation which was duly made. 
 The investigating committee made a report recommending 
 that the offending member be reprimanded by the President 
 of the Society. The Society approved the recommendation 
 and the reprimand was duly administered. But Dr. S. C. 
 Busey strenuously objected to any action being taken in 
 the case, claiming that the charter forbade it. His efforts 
 and those of a few others, however, failed to prevent the rep- 
 rimand. 
 
 After the second charter had been approved, the Society 
 held a meeting, July 30, 1838, and the following resolution 
 was adopted : 
 
 " Resolved that, whereas the Act of Congress enti- 
 tled An Act to revive with amendments an Act to incor- 
 porate the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, 
 passed 7 July, 1838, did not finally pass both branches of 
 Congress and receive the approval of the President until 
 five days after the first Monday in July, 1838, the day des- 
 ignated in the charter for the first meeting of the Society ; 
 therefore this day has been assumed for the first meeting, 
 
 * Toner's Oration, p. 23.
 
 DIvSTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 1 5 
 
 it being the earliest period after the passage and approval 
 of the Act at which the members of the Society could be 
 notified and assembled. This course has been adopted from 
 the necessity of the case, and as in accordance with the 
 design of the charter." 
 
 The next meeting was held August 8th, and eight mem- 
 bers attended. A committee was appointed to revise the 
 constitution, by-laws and rules ; it consisted of Drs. Thos. 
 Sewall, J. C. Hall, H. Lindsly, N. Worthington and O. 
 Fairfax (of Alexandria). Monday, January 8, 1839, the 
 annual meeting was held at the City Hall, at which there 
 was just a quorum. Officers were elected for the year. The 
 Committee on Revision of the Constitution made report 
 which was adopted. The Society ordered that the report 
 should be printed and a copy of the revised document 
 sent to each member. From this time for many years 
 the minutes show little more than that the Society met, that 
 there were so many members present at the meeting, and 
 that officers were elected ; occasionally some other state- 
 ment is inserted ; as, for instance, that there was " no quo- 
 rum." July 3, 1843, ^ letter from Dr. J. B. S. Jackson, of 
 Harvard Medical School, was read, giving an account of 
 the results of the autopsy made on Hon. Hugh S. Legare, 
 late Secretary of State. 
 
 " The first breeze which ruflEled the calmness of the 
 Society's existence is noted in the records as occurring at 
 the meeting of January 13, 1849. Dr. J. C. Hall, the pres- 
 ident, suggested the propriety of taking some action in 
 regard to the appointment of delegates to the American 
 Medical Association, whereupon Dr. Lindsly offered a res- 
 olution authorizing the president to appoint five members 
 as delegates. Dr. Young offered an amendment instructing 
 the president to make his selection from the profession at 
 large, as distinguished from the professors of colleges, on 
 which amendment there were two ayes, four noes, three
 
 I 6 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 members not voting, A reconsideration of the amendment 
 was moved, this was laid on the table and the original 
 motion was carried without amendment. This incident 
 illustrates a phase of feeling which has all but passed away. 
 The rivalry between the colleges is a generous one, with- 
 out any feeling or jealousy, and the profession at large so 
 outnumbers the professors in colleges that they need never 
 fear being controlled by them. The Society may be said 
 to have passed through its "storms and stress" period and 
 to have reached the open sea of generous feeling, broad 
 aims and united purpose."* 
 
 From 1838 to 1864 the Society met at the time of the 
 regular semi-annual meetings, and occasional special meet- 
 ings, mostly memorial meetings to deceased members, were 
 also held. With 1864, however, a new regime came in, and 
 during that year fifteen meetings were held. The differ- 
 ence is shown by the minutes. The first volume of the 
 Transactions of the Society under the second charter is a 
 manuscript volume of 330 pages with an excellent index, 
 made up by Dr. A. F. A. King. The volume covers the 
 period from January, 1838, to October 31, 1866 — both dates 
 inclusive — over twenty-eight years. The first 169 pages car- 
 ry the record to May 30, 1865, twenty-seven years, leaving the 
 remaining 161 pages for the remaining seventeen months. 
 This striking difference in space indicates the difference in 
 the activity of the Society in its scientific work. The 161 
 pages constitute the record made during the Secretaryship 
 of Dr. King. 
 
 PLACES OF MEETING OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 During the ninety-one years of its existence the Society 
 has met at many different places. As already stated, the 
 first meeting, preliminary to the formation of the Society, 
 was held in Tennison's Hotel, on Pennsylvania Avenue, 
 
 ♦Johnston, in Trans. 75th Anniv., p. 44.

 
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 /«'/■/ /:/f/ ///f/// 
 
 fr.A ///■//■/A A// ^ ^Y_^///'/'r/ryff 
 
 K' VLUJUli lYJ /f^A/z/f.-^ff .M^i//u^//^^ ."^^Y^Ar/A.j <r'//^Myyy/,' //y/,- 
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 /-> 

 
 DISTRICT OF COl^UMBIA I'J 
 
 near Fourteenth Street, N, W. The next place mentioned 
 was where the meeting was held March 8, 1819, after the 
 incorporation, namely at Strother's Hotel, corner of Four- 
 teenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., where 
 Willard's Hotel is now. October ist a room was rented for 
 meetings, known as McPhail's, afterward's as Haskell's 
 schoolroom, on Sixteenth Street, between H and I Streets, 
 N. W., just north of St. John's Episcopal Church. It was 
 called the " Medical Hall," and was rented for one year. 
 The Society afterwards " went wandering about, and met 
 wherever it could find accommodations." Sometimes it 
 met at Strother's, sometimes at Tennison's, sometimes at 
 the office of Dr. Huntt or Dr. Causin ; occasionally at the 
 rooms of the City Councils in the building on Eleventh 
 Street, between C and Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., 
 owned and occupied by the Washington Library Company. 
 Later on, when the City Councils occupied the rooms of 
 General Richard Weightman, on Sixth Street, N. W., af- 
 terwards a part of the National Hotel, the Society met 
 there. The advertisements also show that it met in the 
 room over the United States Engine House, E Street, be- 
 tween Seventh and Eighth, N. W., on the grounds after- 
 wards occupied by the General Post Office. Sometimes it 
 met in a room in the U. S. Patent Office. 
 
 After 1827 ^t occasionally met at the Columbian Medical 
 College, northeast corner Tenth and E Streets, N. W. 
 After the completion of the City Hall the meetings were 
 generally held there ; the Society met there January 8, 1839, 
 after the second incorporation. January 6, 1840, it met 
 again at the Medical College, Tenth and E Streets, and 
 continued to meet there till January 6, 1845, when it held 
 its first meeting at the City Hospital in Judiciary Square, 
 afterwards known as the Washington Infirmary, and to 
 which the College had moved. July 6, 1846, is the first 
 2
 
 1 8 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 date on which the Infirmary is mentioned in the minutes of 
 the Society, which continued to meet thereuntil October i, 
 1 86 1. The Infirmary was destroyed by fire (November 4^ 
 1861), and it is believed that some of the Society's minutes 
 and other records were then consumed. 
 
 January 6, 1862, the Society met at the rooms of the 
 Medical Department, Georgetown College, which was then 
 on F Street east of Twelfth, south side. It continued to 
 meet there until March 8, 1865, when it held its first meet- 
 ing in the building 627 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., the 
 first floor of which was and still is occupied by Oilman's 
 drug store. 
 
 March 20, 1867, the Society returned to the rooms of 
 the Medical Department of Georgetown College (removed 
 to Tenth and E Streets, N. W., in 1867), ^^^ continued to 
 meet there until the Medical Hall at 1002-4 F Street, N. W., 
 was ready for occupancy. The first meeting at this hall 
 was held January 29, 1869. The Society remained 
 there nearly two years; then, January 2, 1871, it met for 
 the first time at the American Colonization Society 
 Building, Southwest corner Pennsylvania Avenue and 
 Four-and-a-half Street, N. W. October 2, 1872, it met 
 for the first time at Gonzaga College, on F Street, N. W., 
 between Ninth and Tenth, east of the old St. Patrick's 
 Church. 
 
 October 12, 1881, the Society met for the first time in 
 the Lenman Building, 1425 New York Avenue, N. W. In 
 the early part of 1884 it removed to the old Georgetown 
 University Law Building, southeast corner Sixth and F 
 Streets, N. W., and about November 25, 1891, to the new 
 Georgetown University Law Building, 506-8 E Street, N. 
 W. February 7, 1906, it removed to the assembly room of 
 the Columbian University, southeast corner Fifteenth and
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 1 9 
 
 H Streets, N. W., and has continued to meet there till the 
 present date.* 
 
 THE MEDICAL BOARD OF EXAMINERS OF THE DISTRICT 
 OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 The above was the title prescribed by the first charter 
 of the Society, but in the second charter the Board was des- 
 ignated simply as the " examiners" and " Medical Board." 
 The constitution and by-laws under the first charter made 
 no mention of the Board ; under the second charter it is 
 called " The Board of Examiners," and a section of the 
 by-laws prescribed its duties. The Board ceased to exist 
 in 1896 by operation of the Medical Practice Act passed by 
 the Congress of the United States. 
 
 As will be seen by consulting the first charter, sections 
 3 to 5, the Board consisted of five members, residents of 
 the District of Columbia, who were to be elected by bal- 
 lot by the Medical Society ; the dates of election were not 
 fixed by the charter, which, however, required that a quo- 
 rum should be present at the meeting at which the members 
 were elected. 
 
 The duty of the Board as prescribed by both charters 
 was to examine and license those gentlemen! who desired 
 to practice medicine in the District of Columbia. A candi- 
 date who could show a diploma from some respectable col- 
 lege or society was not required to be examined, but if he 
 was unable to show such diploma, the Board was required 
 to give him a " full examination" to determine if he was 
 
 *Of the places of meeting above named those buildings that are still standing are rep- 
 resented pictorially in this history : and also Gonzaga College, that was torn down and 
 replaced by stores, and the Washington Infirmary, that was burned. Efforts were 
 made to secure pictures of other buildings that have disappeared, but virithout success. 
 The Committee on History is indebted to Father Himmel, the President of Gonzaga 
 College, for the photograph of the old college building, and to Dr. A. F. A. King for the 
 photograph of the Washington Infirmary. 
 
 tAs the word " gentlemen" was literally construed by the Board, it excluded women 
 fro:n its provisions.
 
 20 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 "adequate (in the second charter ' qualified') to commence 
 the practice of medicine and chirurgical arts." If a satis 
 factory diploma was shown or a satisfactory examination 
 passed, the Board gave a license or certificate. The char- 
 ters provided that any three examiners should constitute 
 the Board, and until the Board could be assembled to act 
 upon applications, any examiner could temporarily grant a 
 license. 
 
 The charter of 1838 provided that no one should be ad- 
 mitted to the examination unless he could present satisfac- 
 tory evidence that he had studied physic and surgery three 
 years, including one full course of medical lectures as 
 usually taught at medical schools, or four years without 
 such a course of lectures. The charter also provided that 
 the professors in the college granting the diploma, or the 
 examiners in any Board granting a diploma (a Board estab- 
 lished by law), should be men regularly instructed in medi- 
 cine and surgery and the collateral branches of medical 
 education, anatomy and chemistry. 
 
 The charters required that the license certificate should 
 be signed by at least three examiners, be countersigned by 
 the President of the Society, and have the Society seal af- 
 fixed by the Secretary of the Society. As there were both 
 a Corresponding and a Recording Secretary, there arose a 
 question as to which should affix the seal ; the dispute was 
 finally settled by making the Corresponding Secretary the 
 custodian of the Seal. 
 
 Previous to the seal being affixed, the candidate was re- 
 quired to pay to the Treasurer of the Society a fee not to 
 exceed ten dollars, the amount to be determined by the 
 Society. 
 
 The penalty for practicing without a license was fifty 
 dollars for each offense, one-half to the Society, the other
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 2 I 
 
 half to the informer. The fine was to be recovered by bill 
 of presentment and indictment in the court. 
 
 The charter authorized the Society to fix the times and 
 places of the meetings of the Board and fill vacancies 
 therein. 
 
 After the reincorporation in 1838 the Society adopted a 
 by-law concerning the Board of Examiners. Curiously, the 
 charter did not require the members of the Board to be 
 members of the Society, simply that they should be resi- 
 dents of the District ; but the Society itself saw to it that 
 only its own members should be on the Board. The fee 
 was at first fixed at five dollars. The senior practitioner 
 on the Board was the chairman. The Board was required 
 to keep a record of its proceedings and make a report at the 
 annual meeting of the Society. The fee was increased to 
 ten dollars in 1867. In 1871 the Board was authorized to 
 elect its own chairman, the granting of temporary licenses 
 was discontinued, and the Board was required to meet on 
 the first Wednesday of each month at such hour and place 
 as it might determine. 
 
 Of course, one of the most important acts of the Society 
 when it met March 8, 1819, was to elect a " Board." Drs. 
 J. T. Shaaff, Charles Worthington, Thos. Sim, Frederick 
 May and Thomas Semmes were the first Board. It devised 
 a form of license or certificate, engraved on parchment. 
 The engraved plate was 13 by 15 inches. The text was in 
 Latin and read as follows : 
 
 Praeses et Qiiaesitores Societatis Medicoriim in Colum- 
 biae Territorio omnibus et singulis has literas lecturis 
 saliiteni : 
 
 Notuni sit^ examinatione habita virum 
 
 doctumque Medicinae et chirurgiae satis peritum nos com- 
 probare. 
 
 Itaque auctoritate nobis collata ex Societatis decreto,
 
 22 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 eidem jiisqiie potestateni artemque salii- 
 
 tarem et Chirurgiam exercendi damns et concedimus. 
 
 Cujus sigillum communi huic membranae affixum 
 nominaque nostra subscripta testimonio sint. 
 
 Datum , Anno Domini Millesimo Octingentesimo 
 
 et Republicae Septuagesimo et hnjusce Societatis 
 
 institutae . 
 
 (Signed by) Praeses (and) Quaesitores, 
 
 The translation is : " The President and Examiners of 
 the Medical Society of the District of Columbia to all and 
 singular who may read these presents, greeting : Be it 
 
 known that upon examination held, we approve 
 
 as a man sufficiently skilled in medicine and sur- 
 
 gery. Therefore by the authority conferred on us by the 
 decree of the Society, we grant and confirm to the said 
 the right and authority of practicing thera- 
 peutics and Surgery. In witness whereof the seal of the 
 Society is affixed to this parchment and our names sub- 
 scribed. Given at , Anno Domini i8 — , and of the 
 
 Republic the , and of the establishment of the 
 
 Society the . Signed by the President of the So- 
 ciety and the members of the Board. 
 
 The Board went promptly to work, as appears from a 
 notice in the "National Intelligencer," March 17, 1819: 
 
 " The Medical Board of Examiners elected under the law 
 of Congress incorporating the Medical Society of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, will hold their first stated meeting in the 
 City of Washington on the first Monday in April. Appli- 
 cants for licenses to practice medicine or surgery in the 
 District of Columbia will then attend, and in the meantime 
 may obtain a special license from any member of the Board.' 
 Signed by the five members of the Board. 
 
 November 3, 1875, I^^s. A. F. A. King, T. M. Healey and 
 C. H. A. Kleinschmidt were appointed a committee to con- 
 sider the wording of the license, which was said to be in- 
 correct. February 9, 1876, the committee reported, recom-
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 23 
 
 mending that a new plate with the necessary corrections be 
 made. The committee was instructed to ascertain the cost 
 of the plate. December 13th the Society ordered the new 
 plate. The corrected form was as follows : 
 
 Praeses et Qiiaesitores Societatis Medicorum in Terri- 
 torio Columbiano. 
 
 Omnibus et singulis has literas visuris salutem. Notum 
 
 sit Virum Medicinae et Chirurgiae doctum 
 
 peritumque, ejus scientiae examinae rite habito, nos com- 
 probare. 
 
 Itaque, auctoritate nobis, societatis decreto collata, eidem 
 jus potestatemque artis medendi et chirur- 
 giae exercendae damns et concedimus. 
 
 Cujus rei testimonies sigillum societatis commune huic 
 membranae afhxum est et nomiua nostra sunt subscripta. 
 
 Datum Washington Anno Domini Millesimo octingen- 
 
 tesimo, Republicae f undatae , hujusceautem 
 
 societatis institutae . 
 
 (Signed) Praeses. 
 
 Quaesitores. 
 
 September 24, 1879, D^- -^- W. Prentiss moved to print 
 the licenses in English ; this was opposed by Drs. King, J. 
 W. H. Lovejoy and J. T. Sothoron, and October i the sub- 
 ject was referred to the Board of Examiners. The ques- 
 tion came up again January 14, 1880. Drs. Prentiss, E. M. 
 Schaeffer and W. H. Triplett favored the English, Drs. 
 Toner, R. Reyburn, Lovejoy, J. Ford Thompson and 
 Kleinschmidt the Latin, and so the motion failed. 
 
 As stated above, the Board expired by law June 3, 1896. 
 Its records prior to 1869 cannot be found. 
 
 THE SEAL OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 A seal*, provided for in the charter, was adopted by the 
 Society presumably at its first meeting or soon afterward. 
 It was engraved on a circular die, 2\ inches in diameter. 
 
 * See title page.
 
 24 MKDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 In the center is a figure of the goddess Hygeia on an ele- 
 vated altar in her temple ; she holds in her hand a cup ex- 
 tended toward a serpent, the emblem of wisdom, which is 
 twined around a pillar and has its head raised as if to place 
 medicine in the cup. Over the altar are the words " Con- 
 cordia, labor, frugali" (concord, labor and frugality), and 
 around the margin the words "Templum hygeiae," and 
 " Societatis medicornm territ Columbiae sigillum" (Seal 
 of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia). 
 
 The first seal disappeared in some way not stated, and 
 the Recording Secretary was directed, January 4, 1847, ^^ 
 have a new one made ; it cost $22.00. Again, May 23, 
 1883, the old seal being much worn, the Society directed 
 that a new one be procured, which was done. 
 
 From time to time the question arose as to who should 
 have charge of the seal, and was not settled till March 31, 
 1869, when an amendment to the by-laws was adopted, 
 giving the custody to the Corresponding Secretary. 
 
 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 The relations of the Medical Society to National and 
 International Societies have been many and important. 
 One reason for this is the fact that Washington is so fre- 
 quently selected as the place of meeting of these .societies. 
 As early as April, 1819, soon after its first incorporation, a 
 delegation from the Society was elected to a " Convention 
 of the Middle States" that met in Philadelphia, June i of 
 that year, to frame and publish an "American Pharmaco- 
 poeia." Drs. Shaaff, Sim and Huntt were the delegates. 
 
 Delegates were also sent to the " National Convention of 
 Physicians" that met in the Capitol at Washington, Jan- 
 uary I, 1820, at which the " United States Pharniacopoeia" 
 was adopted and a committee appointed to attend to its
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 25 
 
 publication. This meeting was the first of the decennial 
 meetings for revising the pharmacopoeia. 
 
 The Medical Society was deeply interested in the forma- 
 tion of the American Medical Association. January 4, 
 1847, three delegates were elected to the first meeting of 
 that body, H. Lindsly, F. Howard and J. Borrows ; Dr. 
 Borrows did not attend. The meeting was held in Phila- 
 delphia May 5th of that year, under the name of the " Na- 
 tional Medical Convention." It should be stated that a 
 preliminary meeting had been held in New York City May 
 5, 1846. The organization was completed at Philadelphia 
 and the name changed to "American Medical Association." 
 Under the new name the first meeting was held in Balti- 
 more May 2, 1848, where the Medical Society of this Dis- 
 trict was represented by Drs. Noble Young, T. B. J. Frye, 
 J. M. Thomas and F. Howard. Dr. J. C. Hall was elected, 
 but did not attend. 
 
 The election of delegates to the American Medical Asso- 
 ciation was generally attended with some evidence of par- 
 tisanship and personal feeling. Sometimes the Society 
 elected them, at other times it appointed a committee to 
 select them. Sometimes the President (1853 and 1854) 
 was authorized to appoint delegates, and he was usually 
 authorized to fill vacancies. Apparently some advantage 
 must have been taken of election as delegates to acquire a 
 little notoriety, for, January 7, 1856, the Society ordered 
 that the names of delegates should not be published in the 
 local newspapers. 
 
 Each year the number of delegates increased with the 
 increase in membership of the Society, so that in time the 
 number became quite large. January 5, 1852, an effort was 
 made to have the Society pay the traveling expenses of its 
 delegates, but the effort failed and apparently was never 
 afterward renewed. The American Medical Association
 
 26 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 met in Washington May 4, 1858, at which time Dr. Har- 
 vey Lindsly, of Washington, was elected President for the 
 session of 1859. 
 
 April 19, 1865, the Society ordered that, in view of the 
 political and social condition in Washington at that time, 
 its delegates to the American Medical Association should 
 not invite that body to meet in Washington. June 5, 1867, 
 however, a committee of arrangements was appointed to 
 attend to the meeting which was to be held in 1868 in 
 Washington. 
 
 The committee consisted of Drs. Grafton Tyler, Chair- 
 man ; Harvey Lindsly, W. P. Johnston, 'F. Howard, L. 
 Mackall, Wm. Marbury, J. M. Toner and T. F. Maury, 
 with Dr. J. W. H. Lovejoy as Secretary. 
 
 At the suggestion of Dr. Toner, April 7, 1869, the Society 
 offered to house and care for the proposed library of the 
 American Medical Association. Dr. Toner succeeded in 
 securing a room in the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Robt. 
 Reyburn was then the Librarian, succeeded in 1871 by Dr. 
 F. A. Ashford, in 1873 by Dr. Wm. Lee, and in 1883 by 
 Dr. C. H. A. Kleinschmidt. The library was eventually 
 removed to Chicago. 
 
 It maybe mentioned here that among the earlier officers 
 of the Association, besides Dr. Harvey Lindsly, who was 
 President in 1859, Dr. Grafton Tyler was a Vice President 
 in 1856, Dr. W. P. Johnston in 1866 and Dr. Noble Young 
 in 1869; Dr. J. M. Toner was President in 1874 ; Dr. S. 
 C. Busey a Vice President in 1877. In 1859, when the 
 Association met in Washington, Dr. A. J. Semmes was Sec- 
 retary ; Dr. Lovejoy was Assistant Secretary in 1868 at the 
 meeting in Washington, and in 1870, at the next meeting 
 in Washington, Dr. Wm. Lee was Assistant Secretary. Dr. 
 A. Y. P. Garnett was President in 1888. This District and 
 this Society have been, therefore, well represented in the
 
 DISTRICT OK COLUMBIA 2'J 
 
 higher offices of the Association. Several members have 
 been chairmen of sections, while others have been selected 
 to deliver special addresses. 
 
 November 12, 1890, Dr. H. L. E. Johnson off ered the fol- 
 lowing resolntion : 
 
 " The Medical Society of the District of Columbia, 
 having learned that the Trustees of the American Medical 
 Association have under consideration a plan for the perma- 
 nent publication of the Journal, Resolved^ That in the 
 opinion of this Society the Capital of our common country 
 affords the only proper place for the publication of the Jour- 
 nal of an association representing every State in the Union, 
 and that we respectfully urge the Trustees to guarantee 
 equality of influence in the Journal management by its pub- 
 lication in this neutral territory, where every State medical 
 association in affiliation shall have equal consideration. 
 
 " Be it further resolved^ That in case the Trustees shall 
 adopt this view we agree in all proper and honorable means 
 to further the interests of the Joiirnal. The Society desires 
 further to inform the Trustees that there is now no medi- 
 cal journal published in the Capital, and that in its opinion 
 the financial prosperity of the Journal, instead of being 
 jeopardized by the change of place of publication, would be 
 materially advanced." 
 
 After discussion the motion was lost by a vote of twelve 
 to thirteen. 
 
 SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION. 
 
 Dr. Toner states that in 1828 the Society held extra 
 meetings and discussed measures to arrest the spread of 
 smallpox. 
 
 January 19, 1846, a meeting was held to take measures 
 to allay the excitement caused by the prevalence of small- 
 pox in the District. A committee consisting of Drs. Thos. 
 INIiller, J. C. Hall and W. P. Johnston was appointed to 
 consider the matter and make report. A resolution was
 
 28 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 also adopted to cooperate with the Board of Health in its 
 effort to suppress the disease. 
 
 March 14, 1864, Dr. D. R. Hagner read a paper on vac- 
 cination, which was referred to a committee, which reported 
 April 5th, and the paper was ordered to be printed in 
 pamphlet form. 
 
 May 22, 1865, Dr. Toner read a paper on smallpox. The 
 Society adopted resolutions stating that its views were in 
 accord with those of the Committee of the American Med- 
 ical Association on the value and necessity of universal 
 vaccination ; some measures should be inaugurated by the 
 city authorities by which every person within the limits of 
 the city should be vaccinated and kept protected by revac- 
 cination, and that a committee should be appointed in 
 conjunction with the Auxiliary Committee of the American 
 Medical Association to represent to the Mayor and other 
 corporate authorities of Washington and Georgetown the 
 advantages of early and universal vaccination and occa- 
 sional revaccination. 
 
 November 25, 1868, a committee was appointed, consist- 
 ing of Drs. J. Eliot, W. P. Johnston and F. A. Ashford, to 
 consider the best means of introducing into use pure vac- 
 cine virus and preserving it for the use of members of the 
 Society. Drs. Garnett and Busey were added to the com- 
 mittee January 20, 1869. 
 
 "The committee reported February 10, recommending the 
 establishment of a Vaccine Institute, under the sole control 
 of the Society, to be managed by a Board of three members 
 of the Society to be elected annually. This Board should 
 examine or inspect all vaccine virus presented to or bought 
 by the Institute, before disposing of it to those entitled to 
 it. One member of the Board should be the curator, 
 having charge of all the virus in the Institute and dispens- 
 ing it or disposing of it under the supervision of the Board.
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 29 
 
 The curator should act as secretary of the Board, and keep 
 a record of its proceedings. The virus should be distrib- 
 uted gratuitously to the members of the Society ; a charge 
 of $2.00 should be made to non-members ; the money to go 
 to the treasurer of the Society and to be used to buy virus 
 when needed and pay the current expenses of the Institute. 
 The members of the Society, at the Wednesday meetings, 
 should deposit the virus in their possession with the pre- 
 siding officer who should deliver it to the Board. The 
 curator should adopt the most improved methods of preser- 
 vation. In order that a constant and fresh supply of the 
 virus might be maintained, the members of the Society 
 should vaccinate all infants delivered by them, within forty 
 days after birth." 
 
 It does not appear that the Institute ever materialized. 
 
 October 23, 1872, the Society discussed the question of 
 the accuracy of the report of the Board of Health in regard 
 to the actual number of cases of smallpox in the District. 
 
 February 21, 1877, Dr. Garnett stated that a case which 
 he had diagnosed as syphilis had been sent to the smallpox 
 hospital by the Board of Health. He asked that a com- 
 mittee be appointed to examine into the matter. Drs. 
 Garnett, G. L. Magruder and F. A. Ashford were appointed. 
 March 14 the committee reported that the case was one of 
 syphilis ; that the physician in charge of the smallpox hos- 
 pital had so pronounced it ; but the patient had been ad- 
 mitted during this physician's absence from the hospital. 
 
 October 31, 1894, a committee was appointed to investi- 
 gate a recent introduction and dissemination of smallpox 
 in the city, and the committee was instructed to impress 
 upon the community the importance of vaccination as a 
 prophylactic. Drs. S. S. Adams, W. W. Johnston, Klein- 
 schmidt, G. Wythe Cook and J. D. Morgan were the com- 
 mittee. It does not appear that the committee reported to 
 the Society.
 
 30 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 MEDICAI, ETHICS. 
 
 Elsewhere it is stated that the Medical Association of the 
 District of Columbia was formed to provide a fee bill and 
 code of ethics, because both were denied to the Society by 
 its charter, which says, section 4, " Provided that nothing- 
 herein contained shall authorize the said corporation in 
 any wise to regulate the price of medical or chirurgical 
 attendance." The charter of 1838 adds these words "nor 
 to establish or fix a tariff of charges or fees for medical 
 attendance or advice, or to interfere in any way with charges 
 or fees for medical attendance or advice." 
 
 Both charters, in section i, state the object of the Society 
 to be " the promoting and disseminating medical and sur- 
 gical knowledge," and add the words " and for no other 
 purpose whatever." The charter of 1838 goes further ; 
 section 7, after empowering the Society to make such by- 
 laws, rules and regulations as it may find requisite, limits 
 this power by the words " which by-laws, rules and regula- 
 tions shall in their application and operation be exclusively 
 confined to said Society as a society or body corporate, 
 and not to its members individually when not acting in a 
 corporate character." As previously stated, it has been 
 held by some members that these clauses forbid the Society 
 disciplining a member for any offense committed outside 
 the actual meetings of the Society, and mention was made 
 of a case occurring in 1868, in which a member was 
 charged with bribery, that caused a public scandal (see 
 page 14). 
 
 On several other occasions the Society has taken action 
 in regard to statements made by members outside the 
 meetings, where the purpose or effect of the statements was 
 to injure the Society. But no extreme measures have ever 
 been taken — nothing beyond a vote of censure. In one case 
 this vote was followed by the resignations of the members ;
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 
 
 31 
 
 in another, the moral effect of the Society investigation was 
 sufficient, and no further action was taken. 
 
 It was necessary, however, at the very beginning that 
 there should be some ethical understanding among the 
 members, and in the first publication made by the Society, 
 in 1820, in connection with the charter, constitution, by- 
 laws and rules, we find the following : 
 
 " Rules and 7'egulations for the purpose of establishing 
 etiquette and professional intercourse among the members 
 of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia : 
 
 " Any member of the Medical Society of the District of 
 Columbia who may violate any of the following rules and 
 regulations, and upon conviction thereof before the said 
 Society, shall, for the first offense, be fined a sum not ex- 
 ceeding twenty dollars ; for the second offense he shall be 
 expelled^ and his expulsion shall be published in one or 
 more newspapers in this District ; and no member of said 
 Society shall consult with, or voluntarily meet in a profes- 
 sional way, or aid, or abet, any practitioner of medicine 
 who may have suffered the penalty of expulsion, 
 
 "Article I. If a physician be called to any member of 
 a fa77iily in the absence of the family physician, on the 
 arrival of the latter the patient shall be resigned by the 
 former. 
 
 " Article II. When a physician engaged to attend a 
 case of midwifery is absent and a second delivers the 
 woman, the latter shall receive the fee and relinquish the 
 patient to the first on his arrival. If the first arrive while 
 the second is present, and before the woman is delivered, 
 the second shall retire and resign the patient to the first. 
 
 "Article III. No physician shall directly or indirectly 
 interfere in the practice of a brother physician or surgeon ; 
 or give opinion in any manner concerning a case knowing 
 him to be in attendance, unless it be during his absence and 
 in cases of emergency. 
 
 " Article IV. In consultation it shall be the duty of 
 the consulting physician to enter the sick room and investi- 
 gate the case in compatiy with the attending physician, and
 
 32 MEDICAI^ SOCIETY 
 
 shall leave the room immediately after having obtained 
 such information as may be required to decide on the case. 
 All directions agreed upon shall be left to the charge of the 
 attending physician. No statements or discussions of the 
 case shall take place in the presence of the patient or his 
 friends^ and no opinions at variance with the plan agreed 
 upon shall ever be promulgated. Punctuality shall always 
 be observed in the visits, and no visits shall be made by 
 the consulting physician^ but in concert or by mutual con- 
 sent, except in cases of emergency when the attending phy- 
 sician cannot be readily procured. 
 
 " Article V. No member of the Society shall publicly 
 advertise for sale any medicine the composition of which 
 he keeps a secret ; or shall offer, either publicly or through 
 his friends, to cure diseases by any such secret medicine, or 
 otherwise. 
 
 "Article VI. No member of this Society shall either 
 casually or formally prescribe ior ox \\s\t pi'ofessio7tally 3iny 
 case gratuitously when the circumstances of the patient 
 will justify a charge, except in cases of practicing physi- 
 cians, or their families, and regular ministers of the Gospel 
 of every denomination. 
 
 " Article VII. No member of this Society shall make 
 any previous contract with any person or family for a defi- 
 nite sum as a remuneration for his annual attendance on 
 said person or family." 
 
 There is no actual evidence existing, only the probability, 
 that these ethical rules were made by the Society itself, 
 and whether the Society deliberately violated the provision 
 of its charter may never be known. Of course, when the 
 Medical Association of the District of Columbia was formed, 
 in 1833, its members adopted a code of ethics by which 
 they were to be governed, and that of the Society was no 
 longer needed. 
 
 April 6, 1887, Dr. Busey moved to refer certain charges 
 which had been made by one member against another to 
 the Standing Committee of the Medical Association, and
 
 '^^^'MORE ^^■ 

 
 y^ 1 1817 /»^i
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 33 
 
 stated that the Board of Censors had decided that the 
 charges were outside its jurisdiction. The charges were so 
 referred. 
 
 October 5, 1892, the attention of the Society was called 
 to the fact that a member had written to a Congressional 
 committee a letter which reflected upon the Society. The 
 matter was referred to the Board of Censors, and the Board 
 reported, November 23d, that the said member had stated 
 that he had been in error in what he had written and 
 would so inform the Congressional committee. The report 
 was accepted, and no further action was taken. 
 
 THE HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES OF THE DISTRICT OF 
 
 COLUMBIA. 
 
 The first public hospital in the District of Columbia was 
 that connected with the poor house, situated then in the 
 square between Sixth and Seventh and M and N Streets, 
 N. W., and called the Washington Infirmary. About 1846 
 the Washington Asylum, on Nineteenth Street southeast, 
 near the Anacostia river, was completed and the poor house 
 and hospital inmates removed thereto. 
 
 During the cholera epidemic in 1832 temporary hospitals 
 were established. After the epidemic ceased the Board of 
 Health petitioned Congress from year to year to establish a 
 public hospital. The Medical Society became interested, 
 and January 11, 1841, appointed a committee consisting 
 of Drs. Thos. Sewall, Alex. McWilliams, Thos. Miller, 
 Wm. Jones and Harvey Lindsly to petition Congress for 
 a national hospital. August 29, 1842, Congress passed 
 a law giving authority for the old jail in Judiciary Square 
 to be altered and fitted up as an insane asylum and hospital 
 for sick, disabled, infirm seamen, soldiers or others ; but 
 in 1844 Congress decided that the site and building were 
 unsuitable for such purpose. "At this juncture the Medi- 
 
 3
 
 34 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 cal Faculty of Columbian College applied to Congress for 
 the use of the building for an infirmary and for other pur- 
 poses." The other purposes were " medical instruction 
 and scientific purposes." The application met with favor, 
 and Congress passed a law, June 15, 1844, to that effect, but 
 required a bond from the incorporators for the return of the 
 property in good condition when demanded. This insti- 
 tution was also called the Washington Infirmary. In 1853, 
 by an appropriation from Congress, the building was much 
 enlarged. At the outbreak of the civil war in 1861 the 
 U. S. Government took possession of the building for mili- 
 tary hospital purposes ; November 3d of that year it was 
 entirely destroyed by fire. (See Toner's Oration.) 
 
 In 1852 Congress made an appropriation for an iJtsane 
 asylum. The location proposed encountered some objec- 
 tions, and the Society held a special meeting November 
 19th of that year, at which a committee was appointed " to 
 take into consideration the policy of interference in regard 
 to the location of the lunatic asylum and the appointment 
 of the physician thereof." The committee consisted of 
 Drs. Fred. May, H. Lindsly, J. Borrows, F. Howard and A. 
 Y. P. Garnett. November 20 the committee asked to be, 
 and was, excused from the further consideration of the sub- 
 ject by the Society. A resolution was then offered by Dr. 
 J. C. Hall, 
 
 " that the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, 
 actuated solely by motives of humanity and a desire that 
 the liberal appropriation made by Congress for the erection 
 and support of an insane asylum be employed in a manner 
 most conducive to the wellbeing of the unfortunate objects 
 of its bounty, respectfully suggests to the President of the 
 United States that a committee of resident ph3^sicians of 
 this city, appointed by this Society, be permitted to confer 
 with him in relation to the healthiness and suitableness of 
 a proposed site for the said asylum."
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 35 
 
 This resolution was laid on the table, and so the matter 
 ended. The asylum was located, as is well known, on a 
 hill south of the Eastern Branch. Dr. Charles H. Nichols 
 was appointed its Superintendent, and, about July 7, 1856, 
 was elected a member of the Society. 
 
 In consequence of the U. S. Government taking posses- 
 sion of the Washington Infirmary in 1861, the necessity of 
 a public hospital led to the establishment of Providence 
 Hospital the same year, and mainly through the efforts of 
 Dr. Toner, It was opened in June, 1861. 
 
 The Columbia Hospital for Women and Lying-in Asy- 
 lum was established in 1866, mainly through the efforts of 
 Dr. J. Harry Thompson, who was for ten years the surgeon 
 in charge ; it was situated at the northwest corner of Mas- 
 sachusetts Avenue and Fourteenth Street, N. W., in the 
 building that was occupied during the civil war as the 
 Desmarres and afterwards the Ricord General (Military) 
 Hospitals. 
 
 The Society was represented more or less on the staff of 
 each of the hospitals in the District and naturally was in- 
 terested in the work done in them. October 23, 1867, the 
 Society directed that a request be made of the officers in 
 charge of the hospitals and asylums in the District to make 
 quarterly reports to the Society, and March 10, 1869, the 
 Committee on Essays was instructed to request such reports 
 either quarterly or annually. The minutes show that some 
 reports were received and discussed. 
 
 January 20, 1869, a committee was appointed to consider 
 the feasibility of establishing a Dispensary under the aus- 
 pices of the Society itself. The committee reported Feb- 
 ruary loth, recommending that a dispensary be established 
 at the new Medical Hall with branches elsewhere as might 
 be thought desirable. It was proposed that the Dispen- 
 sary should secure to the sick poor competent medical ser-
 
 36 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 vice and medicine gratuitously. It should be under a 
 " Board of Control and Consultation," composed of seven 
 members of the Society, to be appointed annually. This 
 Board should make the necessary rules and regulations for 
 the government of the Dispensary, provide ways and means 
 for its management, and disburse the funds. There should 
 be three departments — medical, surgical and diseases of 
 women and children. There should be a superintendent 
 and two or more assistants for each department, to be 
 appointed from members of the Society, by the Board of 
 Control. There were other details in regard to service, 
 consultations, apothecaries, &c. The report was referred 
 back to the committee February 24th for further considera- 
 tion, was never discussed by the Society, and, May 12th, 
 the committee was discharged and no further action taken. 
 
 Although this project failed to materialize, as indeed 
 might have been expected, the discussion of the subject 
 was not without results. Some members of the Society 
 went to work, more especially Drs. G. L. Magruder and H. 
 H. Barker, and started the Central Dispensary^ which was 
 opened May i, 1871, in the Medical College building, 
 Tenth and E Streets, N. W. About 1880, mainly through 
 the efforts of Dr. Barker, an emergency department was at- 
 tached to the Dispensary, so that the title became The Cen- 
 tral Dispensary and Emergency Hospital. The hospital 
 had then been moved to a building on Tenth Street, be- 
 tween D and E, N. W. 
 
 In May, 1874, Drs. L. W. Ritchie and C. H. A. Klein- 
 schmidt of the Society, who lived in Georgetown, started 
 a hospital there and called it the General Hospital of the 
 District of Columbia. For want, however, of sufficient sup- 
 port it was compelled, two years afterwards, to close its 
 doors. 
 
 Through the efforts mainly of Dr. F. A. Ashford of the So-
 
 DISTRICT OF COL,UMBIA 37 
 
 ciety, Garfield Memorial Hospital ^zsiowwA^^. Dr. Busey 
 in his "Reminiscences," p. 221 et seq.^ gives a full account of 
 the movement that finally ended in the opening of the hos- 
 pital in 1882. Many of the medical profession of the Dis- 
 trict supported the movement, and the Medical Society, 
 May 10, 1882, passed the following resolutions commending 
 it: 
 
 " Whereas the medical profession of this District have 
 long felt the need of a general hospital, and, in a very 
 largely attended meeting before the late civil war, had, 
 with great unanimity, formed a project for the establish- 
 ment of such a hospital, the movements for which were 
 unfortunately interrupted and rendered abortive by that 
 unhappy event ; and Whereas the necessities for such an 
 institution are unquestionable and have, since that time, 
 not diminished, but increased more than sevenfold ; there- 
 fore 
 
 " Resolved^ That this Society has learned with great 
 pleasure that certain patriotic and benevolent ladies and 
 gentlemen are now earnestly cooperating in the endeavor 
 to procure the establishment of a general hospital to be 
 known as the Garfield Memorial Hospital. 
 
 " Resolved^ That no more appropriate method of honor- 
 ing the memory of our late brutally murdered President 
 can be conceived of than the erection of such a monument ; 
 an ever active institution for the relief of humanity, suffer- 
 ing in so many various forms ; a source for the acquirement 
 and development of knowledge in those branches of scientific 
 study most nearly directed to the immediate relief of many ; 
 and an everlasting and inexhaustible well-spring of charity 
 and benevolence which in the minds of all men of right 
 feeling must be esteemed far above the tablets of brass or 
 mere monuments of bronze or marble. 
 
 '• Resolved^ That this S jciety desires to assure all con- 
 cerned that the proposed measure meets with its entire ap- 
 probation, to express the extreme interest which is felt in 
 the success of so good a benevolence, and to offer its cor- 
 dial cooperation in efforts to obtain so desirable an object."
 
 38 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Contagions Diseases Hospital. — January i8, 1893, the 
 Society appointed a committee, consisting of Drs. W. W. 
 Johnston, J. H. Bryan and S. S. Adams, to confer with the 
 Conference Committee of Congress and urge the passage of 
 the bill appropriating money to establish a hospital for con- 
 tagious diseases in the District of Columbia. May 1 7th a let- 
 ter was received from the Board of Directors of the proposed 
 Contagious Diseases Hospital, signed by Mr. Archibald 
 Hopkins, asking advice and assistance in connection with 
 the project of putting up buildings for the isolation and 
 treatment of contagious diseases. The Society appointed a 
 committee — Drs. W. W. Johnston, J. Ford Thompson, J. 
 W. H. Lovejoy, E. A. Balloch and B. G. Pool — to consider 
 the matter and report. The committee reported May 24th, 
 recommending that such hospital should not be located 
 within the city limits nor in any thickly settled portion of 
 the suburbs ; should have ample grounds around it ; in 
 fact, should be preferably in the country, away from dwell- 
 ing houses, but still accessible ; in such case there would 
 be little or no fear of dissemination of disease. The com- 
 mittee recommended a location near the Eastern Branch ; 
 the only objection seemed to be the prevalence there of 
 malaria. The report was much discussed and opposed, 
 but finally adopted. The hospital, however, has never 
 been built.'*' One result however of this movement was 
 the erection of buildings at Garfield Hospital for con- 
 tagious diseases patients, through the efforts of the Daisy 
 Chain Guild, and at Providence Hospital a contagious 
 ward was opened. 
 
 February 19, 1902, Dr. W. W. Johnston, as Chairman of 
 the Executive Committee of the Society, read letters in re- 
 gard to a recent communication of the Board of Charities 
 
 *See "Nat. INIed. Rev.," 1S92-3, I, p. 22 ; and Busey'.s " Souvenir," p. 291 et ieq.
 
 DISTRICT OF COL,UMBIA 
 
 39 
 
 concerning a proposed mtimcipal hospital.* The Society 
 authorized the Committee to send the letters to the Dis- 
 trict Commissioners. 
 
 The municipal hospital has so far materialized that a 
 site was bought on Varnum Street, between Seventh and 
 Fourteenth, N. W., and an appropriation was made by Con- 
 gress to erect a building for tuberculous patients. With 
 regard to this hospital the Society, January lo, 1906, 
 formally approved the efforts of the committees of Con- 
 gress on the District of Columbia. June 26, 1908, the 
 Tuberculosis Hospital was formally opened. Dr. G. M. 
 Kober was mainly instrumental in establishing the hospital. 
 
 The Freedmen's Hospital and other civil hospitals in the 
 city, the Children's Hospital, the Episcopal Eye and Ear 
 Hospital, the Georgetown University Hospital, the Co- 
 lumbian University Hospital, the Woman's Dispensary 
 at Four-and-a-half Street and Maryland Avenue, S. W., 
 Woman's Clinic at 1237 T Street, N. W., and others, 
 although they were all founded by members of the Medical 
 Society and Medical Association of the District, the Society 
 as a body took no action therein. The Freedmejis Hospital 
 was an outgrowth of the medical side of the Freedmen's 
 Bureau. The Children's Hospital was an outcome of the 
 Department of Diseases of Children at the Columbia Hos- 
 pital for Women ; was inaugurated in 1870 by Drs. Busey, 
 F. A. Ashford, \\\ B. Drinkard and W. W. Johnston, after 
 a conference with the lady managers of the Washington 
 City Orphan Asylum followed by a public meeting of 
 citizens. The Episcopal Eye^ Ear and Throat Hospital 
 was founded mainly through the efforts of Dr. E. O. Belt. 
 The University hospitals were established, of course, 
 through the activity of the medical faculties thereof. The 
 Womaii's Dispensary was founded by Drs, Annie Rice and 
 
 *Seethe Minutes of the Society, p. 6S9, and Washington Med. Annals, 1902, I, p. 147.
 
 40 MEUICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 Jeaiinette Sumner; the IVoman^s Cliiiic by Drs. Ida J. 
 Heiberger, D. S. Lamb and others ; the Lutheran Eye^ Ear 
 and Throat Infirtnary mainly by Dr. W. K. Butler ; Sibley 
 Hospital mainly by a gift from Wm. Sibley, of Washing- 
 ton, as a memorial to his deceased wife ; the Eastern Dis- 
 pensary and Casualty Hospital by Drs. J. F. Hartigan, 
 J. T. Winter, G. B. Harrison, L. Tyler, L. Eliot and others; 
 the Washington Hospital for Foundlings by the will of 
 Joshua Pierce, in 1869, although the buildings were not 
 completed and opened until 1887 ; Mr. and Mrs. Wm. 
 Stickney and Dr. Z. T. Sowers were most active in the 
 matter. The IVashington Home for Incurables v^SiSiovinded 
 in 1889 by Mrs. H. F. Everett, Mrs. E. S. Bell and Mr. 
 E. F. Riggs ; it admits cases of cancer, and cares for both 
 adults and children. 
 
 The Homeopathic Hospital was founded by physicians 
 and laymen of that method of medical practice. There is 
 also a hospital for officers and soldiers of the U. S. Army, 
 on the old arsenal grounds at the foot of Four-and-a-half 
 Street, S. W., and an army dispensary at 1720 H Street, 
 N. W^ ; two naval hospitals, the old one at Ninth Street 
 and Pennsylvania Avenue, S. E., the new one on the old 
 Observatory Hill, Twenty-third and E, N. W. With none 
 of these, however, has the Society anything directly to do. 
 
 THE LIBRARY OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 As we might suppose, the idea of a Medical Library early 
 occurred to the members of the Society. Indeed, the first 
 charter provided for a Librarian as one of the officers, and 
 at the meeting of organization, January 5, 1818, Dr. Richard 
 Weightman was elected Librarian. The notice of the 
 meeting of March 8, 18 19, included a request that the Com- 
 mittee on Library should meet at the same time. What
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 4 1 
 
 were the duties of this Library Committee does not appear. 
 At the meeting just mentioned, Dr. N. W. Worthington 
 was elected Librarian. 
 
 The duty of the Librarian (see section 6, by-laws) was to 
 take charge of and preserve for the use of the Society all 
 the Society property except the moneys ; to keep a list of 
 the donors ; and report to the Society when desired to do so. 
 The duties today are the same as they were over ninety 
 years ago. 
 
 Dr. Toner states that a library was collected by donation 
 and purchase, a portion of the yearly dues being set aside 
 for that purpose, but when he made his anniversary ad- 
 dress, September 26, 1866, there was only one book left, 
 namely, Quincey's Lexicon, which had been presented to 
 the Society July i, 1818, by Dr. Thomas Henderson. It is 
 easy to understand that as the Society had no permanent 
 home, but moved about, the Library, especially, suffered in 
 the moving. 
 
 July I, 1844, it was ordered that the Librarian should 
 subscribe for standard medical works and periodicals to the 
 amount of ten dollars and that the necessary shelving should 
 be put up. January 3, 1848, the subscription was discon- 
 tinued. The next mention of the Library was January 10, 
 1 86 1, when Dr. Lovejoy presented a copy of Copeland's 
 Dictionary of Practical Medicine " as a nucleus for the 
 formation of a medical library ;" at the same time Dr. 
 Harvey Lindsly presented "Rayer on Diseases of the Skin." 
 These gifts aroused the Society to request the members to 
 contribute books and pamphlets. February 21st following. 
 Dr. Lovejoy gave three more books, and at the same meet- 
 ing the Society ordered that the official papers should be 
 preserved by the Librarian. March 21st, a bookcase and 
 shelving were ordered ; and it was also ordered that the 
 pamphlets so far received should be bound. May i6th. Dr.
 
 42 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Thomas Miller presented a hundred pamphlets and a book. 
 September 12th, Dr. Thos. Antisell ^ave four books. Octo- 
 ber 3d, the Society ordered a subscription to the New Syden- 
 ham publications. 
 
 By January 9, 1867, Dr. Toner, the retiring Librarian, 
 was able to report 152 books and pamphlets in the Library. 
 
 March 10, 1869, a Committee on Library was appointed, 
 consisting of Drs. W. P. Johnston, J. M. Toner, T. Antisell, 
 L. Mackall and W. B. Drinkard. What the committee did 
 does not appear. Another committee was appointed No- 
 vember 9, 1870, Drs. Mackall, C. H. Liebermann and Wm. 
 Marbury, to confer with a committee of the " Journal Club" 
 * * * [this club was formed in 1869 and was a part of 
 the Society in that its members were required to be mem- 
 bers of the Society] with the view of establishing a reading 
 room and library. The committee reported November i6th, 
 recommending that a room be rented and furnished for the 
 meetings of the Society and the care of the journals of the 
 club. December 29th, rooms were obtained at the American 
 Colonization Building, and January 11, 1871, it was ordered 
 that shelving should be put up in the Library room and 
 the use of the room be granted to the Journal Club. 
 
 There was no special mention of the Library again until 
 September 28, 1881, when Dr. T. C. Smith moved that the 
 Library, which consisted " only of old books which nobody 
 ever consulted," be sold at auction. As this motion was 
 not seconded he moved next to turn the books over to the 
 Library of the Surgeon General's Office. This motion also 
 failed to receive a second, and there the matter dropped for 
 a time. 
 
 March 21, 1883, because the Society thought it was pay- 
 ing too much for the rooms it was occupying, it considered 
 the question of giving up the library room and removing 
 the library ; but where to move it does not appear.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 43 
 
 In his Presidential address December i8, 1901, Dr. D. S. 
 Lamb recommended that the library be disposed of, and 
 the Society ordered that a committee, consisting of the 
 President, Recording Secretary and Librarian arrange to 
 carry out the recommendation. 
 
 January 22, 1902, the committee reported that a portion 
 of the library had been donated to the Surgeon General's 
 Library and the remainder would be given to the Carnegie 
 Public Library of Washington. April 2d the Librarian was 
 instructed to report to the Society the titles of books and 
 any other effects remaining after these donations. 
 
 Later on the Librarian, Dr. E. L. Morgan, made a report 
 in which he recommended that, if possible, a room be se- 
 cured at the Carnegie Library, in which the books given 
 by the Society might be arranged and the room used as a 
 reading room for the members of the Society. To carry 
 out this suggestion a committee, consisting of Drs. D. S. 
 Lamb, E. L. Morgan and F. P. Morgan, the Recording 
 Secretary, was appointed March 18, 1903. Thus far the 
 committee has not succeeded in making the desired ar- 
 rangement. 
 
 April 22, 1903, the Librarian was instructed to retain in 
 the Library one copy of each publication of the Society. 
 
 OBITUARIES. 
 
 Sometimes, more especially in the case of a member who 
 had taken a prominent part in the work of the Society, an 
 entire meeting was given, and oftentimes a special meeting 
 was called, for the adoption of appropriate resolutions in 
 regard to the deceased. In the case of less well-known 
 members usually a part of a regular meeting was devoted 
 to this purpose, and this custom has prevailed in later 
 vears.
 
 44 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 For many years it was the custom not only to pass reso- 
 lutions, but for the members to attend the funeral in a 
 body ; of course, this was much more readily done when 
 the number of members was small, deaths were few and 
 every one knew every one else. It was the, custom, also, 
 to wear a badge of mourning on the left arm for thirty days, 
 but this has long since ceased. The Society also usually 
 appointed several members to take charge of the funeral 
 arrangements ; this has also long since ceased. But these 
 customs were in vogue as late as 1876. 
 
 So far as this history is concerned, where a memorial 
 meeting was held or resolutions passed, a note of the fact 
 has been made in the biographical sketch of the member, 
 so that it is unnecessary to give any list of obituary no- 
 tices. It will be interesting, however, to state that the 
 first recorded notice of the kind was April i, 1845, ^^^ ^^• 
 Thomas Sewall ; the next was January 25, 1847, for Dr. 
 Frederick May; the third, July 31, 1849, ^o^ Dr. N. W. 
 Worthington ; the fourth, April i, 1850, for Dr. Alexander 
 McWilliams, Other members had died, but so far as the re- 
 cord shows no notice was taken of the death. In a few cases 
 notice was taken of the death of a celebrated physician not 
 resident in the District of Columbia ; as, July 4, 1853, when 
 a meeting was held in honor of Dr. Nathaniel Chapman, 
 of Philadelphia, and May 3, 1865, ^'^ honor of Dr. Valentine 
 Mott, of New York City. 
 
 November i, 1876, Dr. Busey called attention to the ir- 
 regularities of attendance of members of the Society at 
 funerals of deceased members and thought that there should 
 be some definite rules to guide such attendance. No action, 
 however, was taken. 
 
 May 30, 1877, the Society took action on the death of 
 Dr. Henry Powers Ritter, of Norfolk, Va., who at one time 
 practiced medicine in Washington, although he never joined
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 45 
 
 the Medical Society or Association. While visiting the 
 city he died, May 29, 1877. May 15, 1878, the Society also 
 took action on the death of Professor Joseph Henry, Sec- 
 retary of the Smithsonian Institution, who, although not a 
 physician nor a member of the Society, had shown many 
 courtesies to the Society. 
 
 September 21, 1881, the Society adopted the following 
 resolution on the death of President Garfield : 
 
 ^'' Resolved^ That in view of the great calamity which has 
 befallen the country in the untimely taking off of our Chief 
 Magistrate, and partaking as we do as citizens and patriots 
 of the sorrow and grief which pervade every part of our 
 land, this Society do now adjourn and this resolution be 
 entered upon the journal." 
 
 April II, 1883, the Society took action on the death of 
 Surgeon General Joseph K. Barnes, U. S. A., and October 
 nth, of the same year, on the death of his successor. Sur- 
 geon General Charles H. Crane, U. S. A. Both of these were 
 honorary members. November 21st, of the same year, action 
 was taken on the death of Dr. J. Marion Sims ; this was 
 published in Gaillard'' s Medical JonrnaL for February, 
 1884, and republished as a pamphlet. 
 
 March 13, 1886, the Society took action on the death of 
 Dr. Alexander Y. P. Garnett, Jr. Dr. Garnett had applied 
 for membership, July 6, 1885, but his name was not reported 
 on at the time of election, October 7th. He died March 1 2th, 
 1886, and was never, therefore, a member, although sup- 
 posed to be by many of the Society. 
 
 January 31, 1895, the Society took action on the death of 
 Dr. Alfred L. Loom is, of New York City. 
 
 October 2, 1901, the Society passed the following reso- 
 lution :
 
 46 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 " The Medical Society of the District of Columbia, de- 
 siring to manifest its appreciation of William McKinley, 
 late President of the United States, directs the Recording 
 Secretary to place upon a memorial page this tribute of 
 respect to the memory of a faithful public servant, worthy 
 citizen, loyal and brave soldier, unselfish and -pure states- 
 man, efficient President and upright, honorable. Christian 
 man, whose exemplary and consistent devotion to duty in 
 every position which he was called upon to fill endeared 
 him to his fellow citizens throughout the entire land. His 
 virtues are worthy of emulation, his memory worth cher- 
 ishing." 
 
 December 31, 1902, the Society held a memorial meeting 
 in honor of Dr. Walter Reed, Surgeon, U. S. Army, and a 
 member by invitation, who had achieved fame as the dis- 
 coverer of the " carrier" of the yellow-fever germ, and had 
 also, as Curator of the Army Medical Museum, shown many 
 courtesies to the Society.* 
 
 On the death of Dr. A. B. Richardson, Superintendent 
 of the Government Hospital for the Insane, D. C, the So- 
 ciety adopted appropriate resolutions, November 4, 1903.! 
 And February 24, 1904, on the death of Dr. E. A. de 
 Schweinitz, of the Department of Agriculture. t Drs. Rich- 
 ardson and de Schweinitz were also members by invitation. 
 
 October 15, 1907, action was taken on the death of Dr. 
 James Carroll, Major and Surgeon, U. S. A., and Curator 
 of the Army IMedical Museum. He was one of the mem- 
 bers of the U. S. A. Yellow Fever Commission, and a 
 member of the Society by invitation. 
 
 coroners' inquests. 
 
 July 7, 1856, a committee, consisting of Drs. Noble 
 Young, A. J. Semmes and Grafton Tyler, was appointed 
 to confer with the proper authorities concerning coroners' 
 
 * See Washington Medical Annals, 1902, I, page 45S. 
 
 t Annals. 1903-4, II, page 354. J See Annals, 1904-5, III. page 137.
 
 DIvSTRICT OF COLUMBIA 47 
 
 inquests. January 5, 1857, the committee reported progress 
 and was continued. There is no further record in regard 
 to the matter. 
 
 QUACKERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 The prevalence of quackery in this District lay at the 
 foundation of the original formation of the Society. Dr. 
 Toner speaks of " The frequent injury and injustice which 
 had been perpetrated upon citizens of the District by char- 
 latans and pretended doctors." The Society undertook to 
 inform the public as to who were qualified to practice the 
 healing art and were worthy of the confidence of the pub- 
 lic. " It found, however, that it could do its work more 
 successfully by incorporating and going to Congress for 
 authority ; and, accordingly, the charter was applied for 
 and granted." 
 
 May 9, i860, the Society held a meeting to consider the 
 case of a man named J. E. E. Ealin, calling himself a doc- 
 tor, and claiming to be a celebrated aurist ; the same man 
 had practiced in Nashville, Tenn., as a " corn doctor." 
 Drs. Fred. May, H. P. Howard and J. Borrows were ap- 
 pointed a committee to consult with the District Attorney, 
 with a view to take such action as would be legal and de- 
 sirable. 
 
 September 15, 1880, the Corresponding Secretary was 
 directed to communicate with the editor of the Philadel- 
 phia Press and obtain the names of those persons in the 
 District of Columbia who held bogus diplomas, so that 
 they might be exposed. September 28th the Secretary re- 
 ported the names of several persons. 
 
 May 21, 1884, the Board of Examiners was requested to 
 take measures to rid the community of traveling quacks. 
 The Board reported May 28th that this was not a part of 
 its duties. The Society then appointed a committee, Drs.
 
 48 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Reyburn, Lovejoy, Kleinschmidt, Franzoni and W. H. 
 Taylor, to attend to the matter. This committee re- 
 ported July 7th, stating that as a preliminary step it had 
 taken legal advice as to the authority of the INIedical So- 
 ciety over the practice of medicine in the District. The 
 District Attorney, after careful attention to the matter, had 
 stated his opinion that the charter of the Society was still 
 in force and there would be no difficulty in enforcing the 
 penalties provided for therein against all persons practic- 
 ing medicine in the District without a diploma. But the 
 penalty could not be inflicted if the person had a diploma 
 from a regular medical college. The proper method of 
 procedure would be to summon the offending party before 
 the police court, and thence to the grand jury, for a bill of 
 indictment. The District Attorney would aid, in every 
 possible way, to secure conviction. 
 
 The chairman of the committee corresponded with the 
 Secretary of the Homeopathic Medical Society of the Dis- 
 trict, who stated that that Society had not and would not 
 license any irregular practitioner. The committee recom- 
 mended that a circular letter should be prepared by the 
 proper officers of the Medical Society and be sent to all the 
 irregular practitioners of the District, requiring them to 
 state by what authority they were practicing in the Dis- 
 trict, and calling their attention to the law. 
 
 In the discussion of the report Dr. Lovejoy stated that 
 he did not agree with the District Attorney that the pos- 
 session of a diploma was sufficient; but that, under the 
 law, the individual should present said diploma to the 
 Board of Examiners. 
 
 The report was accepted, and the Corresponding Secre- 
 tary was directed to prepare and send out the circular letter 
 indicated, and to report results to a committee appointed 
 to receive them.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 4g 
 
 This committee consisted of Drs. D. C. Patterson, H. D. 
 Fry, J. Taber Johnson, T. E. McArdle and Kleinschmidt. 
 September 17th, the Corresponding Secretary reported that 
 he had done as directed ; and his report was given to the 
 appropriate committee, with instructions to confer with the 
 Health Officer in regard to the registration of physicians. 
 
 The committee reported, October 15th, that as the result 
 of the letter of the Corresponding Secretary quite a num- 
 ber of persons had applied to the Board of Examiners, and 
 one person had been licensed. The District Attorney, 
 however, had expressed grave doubts as to the validity of 
 the law or his ability to collect fines under it, but said that 
 if any one would make up a case he would prosecute it. 
 With a prosecuting officer in doubt as to the soundness of 
 his case, and in a community always ready to raise the cry 
 of persecution, it was a question if the chances of success 
 would be equal to the danger of failure. Some of those 
 receiving the circular of the Corresponding Secretary 
 claimed the right to practice under the regulations of the 
 Health Office. The committee believed this claim to be 
 without foundation, and while the Health Officer deemed 
 it his duty to allow any one to register who showed his 
 diploma from some college or a certificate of membership 
 in a respectable medical society, he did not regard that act 
 as conferring any legal right whatever to practice medicine. 
 He was asked if he could not so far change his order in 
 regard to registration as to require every one proposing to 
 register to first obtain a license from the Board of Exam- 
 iners. This he declined to do, taking the ground that he 
 had no authority under the law to require this as a prelim- 
 inary to registration. The committee was inclined to think 
 that most, if not all, respectable physicians in the District 
 were willing and anxious, when they came to understand 
 the law, to take out this license, and that they would do so 
 in due time. But if they declined to do so after a proper 
 time, it would be the duty of the members of the Society 
 to refuse to consult with them. It was believed that this 
 would be much more effective than a resort to legal pro-
 
 50 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 ceedings. After a careful review of the whole subject and 
 after consultation with the Board of Examiners, the com- 
 mittee was of the opinion that the Board would be obliged 
 under existing laws to license all who made application, 
 if they furnished a diploma from a respectable medical col- 
 lege or passed a satisfactory examination. - This would 
 give many disreputable persons the very standing in the 
 community which above everything else they most desired, 
 namely, a recognition by the Medical Society of the District, 
 and they would no doubt immediately advertise as licen- 
 tiates of the Medical Society. In view of all the circum- 
 stances of the case, the uncertainty as to the results of 
 legal proceedings, the danger to the Society in case of 
 failure, and last, but not least, the obloquy which would 
 justly attach to the Society should the Board of Examiners 
 be forced to license every charlatan who might be fortunate 
 enough to hold a diploma from some respectable medical 
 college, the committee respectfully recommended that the 
 further consideration of the matter should be indefinitely 
 postponed. 
 
 The report was accepted and committee discharged, but 
 a motion to concur in the report was laid on the table. 
 
 February 28, 1894, the Society adopted the following 
 resolution : 
 
 Whereas, The Washington Post^ of this city, enters a 
 large number of our homes and is read by a large number 
 of our sons and daughters ; and whereas, we have no de- 
 sire to deprive our families of the benefits arising from the 
 perusal of this newspaper ; and whereas, this paper has, in 
 our opinion, some most objectionable advertisements, such 
 as the following : " one male in every five is afflicted with 
 varicocele : they are the great impediment to marriage ; I 
 am the only physician on earth that can cure a varicocele 
 without operation or pain ;" the above advertisement being 
 in bold type and occupying a whole column, thus render- 
 ing it very conspicuous. Also the advertisements of " sexual 
 impotency," "seminal losses," "the curing of syphilis in 
 from 30 to 90 days," " pennyroyal pills," "results of self-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 5 1 
 
 abuse in youth," " nocturnal emissions," " sexual exhaus- 
 tion," and many other objectionable announcements of like 
 character. And whereas, we believe these statements to be 
 false ; calling attention to subjects which should not occupy 
 the minds of the young ; suggesting to them the impure, 
 rather than the pure ; and thus both directly and indirectly 
 tending to promote crime, disease and licentiousness ; 
 therefore 
 
 '•'■Resolved : That a committee of three be appointed by 
 the Chair to report to this Society what action, if any, 
 should be taken in the matter." 
 
 Drs. C. H. Stowell, T. E. McArdle and P. S. Roy were 
 appointed the committee ; it reported March 14th as follows: 
 
 " Whereas, It is the duty of the medical profession to 
 protect the community from all things which menace 
 health ; and whereas, the public press contains many ad- 
 vertisements which advise people to purchase nostrums 
 and consult charlatans ; and whereas, many of these adver- 
 tisements are both indecent and immoral, tending to excite 
 curiosity in the young and calling attention to those sub- 
 jects which by common consent are deemed productive of 
 disease, vice and crime, and whereby many individuals 
 are thereby led to think themselves suffering from some 
 serious disease so enticingly, but incorrectly, described by 
 said charlatans : and whereas, a bill has been introduced 
 in the House of Representatives, known as Bill No. 4732, 
 a copy of which is here appended, the purpose of which is 
 to correct these existing evils, to wit : 
 
 "^(? it enacted by the Senate and Hoiise of Representa- 
 tives of the United States of America itt Congress assem- 
 bled : That Section 3893 of the Revised Statutes of the 
 United States be, and the same is hereby, amended so as 
 to read as follows : 
 
 "Sec. 3893. Every obscene, lewd, filthy, indecent or las- 
 civious book, pamphlet, picture, paper, letter, writing, 
 print, or other publication of an indecent or filthy charac- 
 ter, or devoted to the publication or principally made up 
 of criminal news, police reports, or accounts of criminal
 
 52 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 deeds, or pictures or stories of immoral deeds, lust, or 
 crime, and every article or thing designed or intended for 
 the prevention of conception or procuring of abortion, and 
 every article or thing intended or adapted for any indecent 
 or immoral use, and every written or printed card, letter, 
 circular, book, pamphlet, advertisement, or notice of any 
 kind, giving information directly or indirectly, where, or 
 how, or of whom, or by what means any of the hereinbe- 
 fore mentioned matters, articles, or things may be obtained 
 or made, or advertisement contained in any newspaper, 
 pamphlet, or circular giving information where or by 
 whom abortions may be performed, or where pills, medi- 
 cines, nostrums, or advice for the prevention of conception 
 or for abortion may be obtained, or advertisements of med- 
 icines, drugs, nostrums or apparatus for the cure of private 
 or venereal diseases, whether sealed as first-class matter or not, 
 are hereby declared to be non-mailable matter, and shall 
 not be conveyed in the mails nor delivered from any post- 
 office nor by any letter carrier ; and any person who shall 
 knowingly deposit or cause to be deposited for mailing or 
 delivery, anything declared by this section to be nonmail- 
 able matter, and any person who shall knowingly take the 
 same, or cause the same to be taken from the mails for the 
 purpose of circulating or disposing of or aiding in the cir- 
 culation or disposition of the same shall, for each and every 
 offence be fined upon conviction thereof not more than five 
 thousand dollars or imprisoned at hard labor not more than 
 five years, or both, at the discretion of the court ; and all 
 offences committed under the section of which this is 
 amendatory, prior to the approval of this act, may be pros- 
 ecuted and punished under the same in the same manner 
 and with the same effect as if this act had not been passed; 
 and the Postmaster General shall have full authority to 
 declare what matter is nonmailable under this act so far as 
 the transportation in the mails is concerned : Provided^ 
 That nothing in this act shall authorize any person to open 
 any letter or sealed matter of the first class not addressed 
 to himself ; And provided further ^ That upon the contin- 
 ued mailing of newspapers or periodicals containing adver- 
 tisements or other articles or items forbidden by this act to 
 
 i
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 
 
 53 
 
 be transmitted in the mails, the Postmaster General is 
 hereby authorized to declare said publication, including 
 future issues thereof, nonmailable. 
 
 " Therefore, your committee recommends the passage of 
 the following resolution ; Resolved^ that the Medical Soci- 
 ety of the District of Columbia, in behalf of the health and 
 morality of this community, gives its hearty support and 
 unqualified approval to the House bill No. 4732, and that 
 we hereby urge upon Congress the passage of the same." 
 
 The report was adopted and a copy ordered to be sent to 
 the House Committee on Post Offices. 
 
 April 18, 1894, the Society appointed a committee, con- 
 sisting of Drs. T. E. McArdle, S. O. Richey, J. H. McCor- 
 mick, G. Wythe Cook and W. C. Woodward, to consider 
 what steps should be taken to suppress quackery in the 
 District. To this committee was referred the section of 
 the Pharmacy Act in regard to illegal dispensing of med- 
 icines. It does not appear that the committee made any 
 report. 
 
 THE SCIENTIFIC WORK OF THE SOCIETY ; THE ESSAYS 
 READ ; THE PATHOLOGICAL SPECIMEMS AND PATIENTS 
 PRESENTED ; AND THE DISCUSSIONS THEREON. 
 
 There would be no advantage in listing the many essays 
 that have been read before the Society. Their name is 
 legion and their scope is the whole domain of medicine 
 and surgery, and the collateral sciences. Very many have 
 been published and thus made accessible to the profession 
 at large. They may be said to have had the average value 
 of Medical Society papers ; some, perhaps many, showed 
 originality and observation. 
 
 Dr. Toner * * * (Anniv. Oration, page 68) gives a 
 list of papers contributed by members to medical journals 
 in the early history of the Society ; the following three, at
 
 54 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 least, were read before the Society : " On ovarian disease 
 and abdominal steatomata ;" read by Dr. Thomas Render- 
 son, July, 1818. By Dr. Henderson also, "Report on the 
 diseases of Georgetown; report for 1820 and 1821 ;" read 
 in 1821. By Dr. N. P. Causin, "An essay on autumnal 
 bilious epidemic of the United States ;" read in April, 1823. 
 The minutes of the Society up to 1838 were either lost 
 or destroyed by fire. For many years after 1838 the titles 
 of papers read before the Society did not appear in the 
 minutes ; indeed, were we to judge by the scanty minutes 
 themselves the scientific side of the Society would seem to 
 have been almost entirely neglected. The first record of 
 any essay read is of one by Dr. D. R. Hagner, March 14, 
 1864, on "Vaccination;" it was referred to a committee 
 and was ordered printed ; there is no record of its having 
 been discussed. The next record is July 4, 1864, when 
 Dr. Charles Allen read a paper, expressing the desire that 
 special meetings should be held to promote a more friendly 
 relation between the members and to consider and promote 
 subjects connected with medicine. August 8th, Dr. John- 
 son Eliot was appointed to ask Dr. Harvey Lindsly to read a 
 paper on Asiatic cholera. August 2 2d, the time appointed. 
 Dr. Lindsly failed to appear, and Dr. Eliot himself read 
 the paper ; and it is stated that there was considerable 
 discussion. The same evening Dr. J. E. Morgan was ap- 
 pointed to read a paper on diphtheria, with Dr. F. Howard 
 as alternate ; September 5th, Dr. Morgan being absent, Dr. 
 Howard opened a discussion on this subject. September 
 19th, Dr. N. S. Lincoln read a paper on typhoid fever, which 
 was discussed, and the discussion continued over the next 
 meeting. October 25th, Dr. Wm. Marbury read one on 
 placenta praevia. November 15th, Dr. J. Ford Thompson 
 read one on syphilis. November 28th, Dr. Eliot read one on 
 the bromides in epilepsy ; and Dr. L. Mackall, on the use of
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 55 
 
 permanganate of potassium in diphtheria. The use of 
 digitalis and sulphuric ether in delirium tremens was also 
 discussed. December 12th, epilepsy was discussed. Thus 
 ended the essays for 1864. 
 
 The good example of 1864 was imitated in 1865, and a 
 few of the papers read may be mentioned. May 3d, Dr. R. 
 K. Stone read an account of the death of President Lincoln 
 and the results of the autopsy. May 30th, Dr. A. F. A. King 
 read a paper on menstruation, which he claimed to be a 
 disease. October 4th, Dr. L. Mackall, Jr., read a paper 
 which had been published by his father, Dr. Louis Mackall, 
 in 1862, on the philosophy of muscular action. This paper 
 was much criticised, and Dr. Mackall replied to the criti- 
 cism January 31, 1866. December 20, 1865, Dr. Toner 
 read a paper on the history of the medical profession in 
 this District. He lamented that up to that time no full 
 record of the Society's transactions had been made, and no 
 history of the various epidemics that had prevailed. He 
 wanted a medical library and museum and also a perma- 
 nent home for the Society. This address was presumably 
 the basis of his oration September 26, 1866. 
 
 In 1866 a Committee on Evening Arrangements was 
 appointed, whose duty it was to propose subjects for discus- 
 sion. From this time an increase of interest in the scien- 
 tific work of the Society was noted. 
 
 In the early part of 1883 the Society ordered that postal 
 cards should be sent to members, giving information of 
 papers to be read. Dr. J. T. Howard says that in 1863 
 and 1864 notices of the meetings were mailed by the Pres- 
 ident [Dr. Borrows] himself to the members, over his sig- 
 nature, and on a card two by three inches, duly stamped. 
 Dr. Howard maintains that President Borrows was the 
 founder of the postal-card system in this city. October 
 31st, the Society again ordered that cards should be sent to
 
 56 MEDICAI^ SOCIETY 
 
 members, announcing the titles of papers to be read and 
 names of authors. January 7, 1884, the Society adopted 
 an amendment to Art. Ill of the by-laws, that the Corre- 
 sponding Secretary should notify members, by mail, of the 
 meetings and the titles of papers and the authors' names. 
 
 January 29, 1890, the Committee on Essays recom- 
 mended that the President of the Society be authorized 
 and requested to appoint essayists whose duty it should be 
 to read papers before the Society on the first Wednesday 
 in each month ; also to appoint an alternate, to supply a 
 paper when an essayist was unable to do so. The com- 
 mittee also recommended that during the month of 
 December of each year the President should deliver an 
 address, the date to be left to his convenience. February 
 5th, the recommendations were adopted. At the meeting 
 October 7th, the President appointed the essayists for the 
 remainder of the year 1891 and the first session of 1892 ; 
 July 4, 1892, for 1892-3; July 3, 1893, for 1893-4; De- 
 cember 5, 1894, for 1894-5; July I, 1895, for 1895-6; 
 October 28, 1896, for the year 1897; and since then the 
 essayists for the ensuing year have been announced, either 
 at the December meeting, when the President delivered 
 his annual address, or at the first meeting in the following 
 January. According to By-law I, the appointment should 
 be made at the "commencement of the year." 
 
 January 16, 1895, the Society ordered that discussion 
 on a paper should be closed on the evening that the paper 
 was read, unless carried over by a two-thirds vote ; also 
 that the regular essayist of the evening should read his 
 paper immediately after the presentation of pathological 
 specimens. February 6th, the Society created the office of 
 Assistant Recording Secretary, his duty to make a steno- 
 graphic report of all medical discussions and, after consul- 
 tation with the members concerned therein, make the
 
 MARTIN VAN BUREN BOGAN 
 
 
 15
 
 Joyce £ng. Co. 
 
 i6
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 57 
 
 necessary corrections in the report ; these to be verified by 
 a committee, consisting of the President, Recording Secre- 
 tary and Assistant Secretary, and when any alteration had 
 been made not accepted by said committee, the fact should 
 be reported to the Society at the meeting next succeeding 
 that at which the discussion took place, for final vote by 
 the Society. The office of Assistant Secretary lapsed Feb- 
 ruary 2, 1898, and with it the above provision. 
 
 The record of many cases of disease and injury reported 
 to the Society fails to show whether or not the pathological 
 specimens were also presented ; probably in most of these 
 cases they were not. The first case reported was one 
 by Dr. Antisell, July 19, 1865, a fracture of the skull, with 
 abscess of brain. The second recorded case was August 
 30th, the same year, by Dr. S. A. H. McKim ; laceration of 
 the liver by shot wound. September 30th, Dr. J. Ford 
 Thompson reported two cases of fracture of the skull. De- 
 cember 20th, Dr. G. Tyler reported a case of malformation 
 in a stillborn infant. December 27th, Dr. Thomas Miller 
 reported another malformation. 
 
 It is not worth while to continue this list. Suffice it to 
 say that from this time it became quite common to report 
 such cases. 
 
 Presentation of pathological specimens. — The first re- 
 corded instance of the presentation of a pathological speci- 
 men was April 19, 1865, when Dr. D. R. Hagner showed 
 a specimen of ossification (?) of the mitral valve. The 
 second instance was July 19th ; Dr. Antisell showed a speci- 
 men and reported the case of perforation of the vermiform 
 appendix. The third instance was August 30th, when Dr. 
 Johnson Eliot showed a bone to illustrate how the cranium 
 is made secure after trephining. March 7, 1866, Dr. S. S. 
 Bond showed a specimen of great distension of the colon 
 in a man reputed to be 105 years old. March 21st, Dr. J.
 
 58 MEDICAID SOCIETY 
 
 Ford Thompson showed a specimen of thickened and con- 
 tracted bladder. After this time specimens were shown 
 with comparative frequency, so much so, that the Society 
 ordered the purchase of an anatomical tray. May i6th, Dr. 
 J. Harry Thompson showed a hypertrophied heart weigh- 
 ing 28 ounces, and cirrhosis of the liver and kidneys, the 
 kidneys weighing, respectively, 13 and 14 ounces; from a 
 case of death from Bright's disease in a man who weighed 
 500 pounds and had eight inches of fat over his abdomen. 
 October 17th, Dr. J. H. Thompson showed an ovarian 
 tumor. 
 
 It would be of no advantage to continue the record. 
 Such specimens have been frequently shown and discussed ; 
 but it was not until January 12, 1870, that any provision 
 for them was made in the order of business ; their present- 
 ation was then indicated after " Miscellaneous business." 
 Curiously enough, there have been members who looked 
 with scant favor on this part of the evening program, but 
 to the majority, probably, the specimens have proved inter- 
 esting and instructive. 
 
 March 26, 1873, the Society ordered the purchase of 
 another tray, or waiter ; December 8, 1875, a washstand 
 with basin and pitcher; November 30, 1887, plates and 
 towels were ordered ; and December 7th, Dr. C. E. Hagner 
 presented the Society with a dissecting case. March 5, 
 1902, the Society ordered that one Wednesday in .each 
 month should be devoted exclusively to pathological speci- 
 mens, but this rule soon passed into "innocuous desuetude." 
 
 The presentation of the patients themselves. — The first 
 recorded presentation of the patient himself to the con- 
 sideration of the Society was May 14, 1856, when the 
 famous Alexis St. Martin, of gastric fistula fame, was 
 examined and discussed. A special meeting was called for
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 59 
 
 the purpose. In spite, however, of the extraordinary char- 
 acter of the case, the meeting was but poorly attended. 
 
 The next record of the patient himself being presented 
 was February 5, 1859. This case was less famous, but was 
 equally unusual ; it was that of Dr. Groux, who had a con- 
 genital fissure of the sternum ; the action of the heart, 
 aorta and lungs was demonstrated. A special meeting was 
 called for the purpose. 
 
 The third record is on August 30, 1865, when Dr. C. M. 
 Ford showed a patient with fracture of the skull. 
 
 So far as the record shows, ten years more now elapsed 
 before another patient was presented. 
 
 The reading of papers or exhibitioji of specimens by 
 others than active members of the Society. — The first re- 
 corded instance of this was May 9, 1866, when Drs. C. A. 
 Lee, of New York, and L. M. Linton, of St. Louis, discussed 
 the subject of Asiatic cholera and Dr. Marsden's quarantine 
 system. The same month, May 30th, Dr. N. W. Hubbard, 
 of Ohio, showed a patent hernia truss of his own inven- 
 tion. Next came Dr. J. J. Woodward, U. S. A., January 21, 
 1874; Dr. John S. Billings, U. S. A., February 28, 1877 ; 
 Dr. Paul F. Munde, of New York City, April 26, 1882 ; 
 Capt. T. W. Simonds, U. S. A., April 21, 1886; Dr. I. W. 
 Blackburn, Pathologist to the Government Hospital for the 
 Insane, November 3d ; Dr. W. W. Godding, Superintendent 
 of the same hospital, and who afterwards became a mem- 
 ber of the Society, December ist ; Dr. E. O. Shakspeare, of 
 Philadelphia, who had just returned from an investigation 
 of cholera abroad, March 16, 1887 ; and Dr. M. G. Ellzey, 
 May 4th. 
 
 May II, 1887, Dr. T. C. Smith, as Corresponding Secre- 
 tary, asked to be instructed as to how far he might go on 
 his own responsibility in inviting gentlemen not members 
 or licentiates of the Society to address the Society on some
 
 6o MKOICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 live topic. He had been asked to invite a gentleman to 
 do so, but in talking the matter over with a member Dr. 
 Smith found that there was some opposition to this person, 
 and he wanted to know if he should extend any invitation 
 without first consulting the Society. The- discussion 
 showed that the consensus of opinion was that the Corre- 
 sponding Secretary might extend invitations on his own 
 responsibility, but it would be expected that he would ex- 
 ercise discretion. No formal action, however, was taken. 
 
 November 23d, Dr. Blackburn again addressed the Soci- 
 ety, and May 3, 1888, Dr. William A. Hammond, retired 
 Surgeon General, U. S. A. 
 
 January 30, 1889, Dr. Smith again raised the question 
 of non-members reading essays before the Society. He 
 wanted to know whether the Committee on Essays was 
 authorized to secure papers from prominent medical men 
 visiting the city, and, to settle the question, moved that 
 the committee be instructed to secure papers from said 
 persons. The matter was postponed until February 13th, 
 when the Essay Committee was instructed to secure papers 
 from medical gentlemen, eminent in the profession, from a 
 distance, who might be visiting the city, but the committee 
 should not extend invitations under other circumstances. 
 
 Dr. J. B. Mattison, of Brooklyn, N. Y., addressed the 
 Society, January 21, 1891 ; Dr. George B. Penrose, resident 
 physician at Barnes Hospital, D. C, March 2, 1892 ; Dr. 
 L. Emmett Holt, of New York City, March 30th ; and Dr. 
 Elmer Lee, of Chicago, December 7th; Dr. Herman Canfield, 
 of Bristol, R I., May 24, 1893 '■> Dr. J. J. Kinyoun, of the 
 Marine Hospital Service, March 7, 1894; Dr. John S. 
 Billings, U. S. A., October 24th ; Dr. Joseph Price, of Phila- 
 delphia, November 28th; Dr. Kinyoun again, January 9, 
 1895 ; Dr. Wm. P. Mason, of Troy, N. Y., January 30th ; Dr. 
 W. J. McGee, of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Wash-
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 6 1 
 
 ington, February 6th. On this date the Society ordered 
 that men eminent in medicine, not members of the Society 
 and not exceeding four in number, might be invited 
 annually to address the Society. 
 
 March 6, 1895, Surgeon General George M. Sternberg, 
 U. S. A., addressed the Society ; March 27th, Dr. C. W. 
 Stiles, of the Department of Agriculture; April loth, Dr. 
 Andrew H. Smith, of New York City; May ist, Dr. Wm. 
 Osier; May 15th, Dr. Bedford Brown, of xA.lexandria, Va. ; 
 May 29th, Dr. Walter Reed, Surgeon, U. S. Army, and Cura- 
 tor of the Army Medical Museum ; November 27th, Dr. 
 Abraham Jacobi, of New York City. 
 
 May 6, 1896, Dr. C. H. Alden, Assist. Surg. Gen., U. S. A.; 
 May 13th, Dr. V. A. Moore, of the Department of Agri- 
 culture ; November 25th, Dr. C. F. Dawson, of the same 
 Department. 
 
 February 24, 1897, General Sternberg again ; March 17th, 
 Dr. D. L. Huntington, Assist. Surg. General, U. S. A., and in 
 charge of the Army Medical Museum and Library ; March 
 24th, Dr. Walter Wyman, Supervising Surgeon General, 
 Marine Hospital Service. 
 
 January 19, 1898, Dr. Stiles again; February 2d, Dr. E. A. 
 de Schweinitz, of the Department of Agriculture ; April 
 20th, Dr. E. M. Gallaudet, President of the Deaf Mute Col- 
 lege, D. C. ; April 27th, Dr. Robert Fletcher, of the Army 
 Medical Library ; October 5th, Mrs. Armstrong Hopkins, 
 of India. 
 
 February 22, 1899, Dr. E. L. Munson, U. S. A. ; April 
 1 2th, Dr. G. T. Vaughan, U. S. Marine Hospital Ser- 
 vice ; April 26th, Drs. L. A. LaGarde, W. C. Borden and 
 E. L. Munson, U. S. A. ; May 17th, Dr. Harvey Wiley, of 
 the Department of Agriculture; October nth, Mr. G. E. 
 Gordon, of the Walker-Gordon Laboratory, Washington ;
 
 52 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 October 25th, Dr. Borden again ; November ist, Dr. La- 
 Garde again. 
 
 January 10, 1900, Dr. Jacobi again; January 17th, Dr. W. 
 O. Atwater, of Wesleyan College, New Haven, Conn., Dr. 
 Charles Smart, Asst. Surg. Gen., U. S. A., and Mr. C. F. 
 Langworthy; April nth, Dr. E. B. Behrend, of Washington; 
 October 3d, Dr. Borden again; October 17th, Dr. Stiles 
 again ; November 14th, Dr. LaGarde again. 
 
 May 8, 1901, Mr. L. H. Warner, of New York City ; 
 May 29th, Dr. Walter Reed again ; November 6th, Dr. 
 Stiles again. 
 
 February 26, 1902, Dr. V. P. Gibney, of New York City ; 
 March 26th, Dr. Robert Fletcher again ; April 30th, Dr. 
 Jacobi again ; October ist, Dr. Borden again ; December 
 4th, Dr. Adolf Lorenz, of Vienna, Austria. 
 
 March 11, 1903, Dr. E. L. Keyes, Jr., of New York City ; 
 March i6th, Dr. W. C. Gorgas, Asst. Surg. Gen., U. S. A. ; 
 April 22d, Dr. Wiley again ; April 29th, Dr. de Schweinitz 
 again and Dr. D. V. Salmon, of the Department of Agri- 
 culture ; May 15th, Dr. J. B. Murphy, of Chicago. 
 
 March 16, 1904, Dr. W. W. Keen, of Philadelphia; 
 IMarch 23d, Dr. Keyes again ; October 26th, Dr. Sternberg 
 again ; November 9th, Dr. J. H. Musser, of Philadelphia, 
 and Dr. E. B. Dench, of New York City. 
 
 January 11, 1905, Dr. James J. Walsh, of New York 
 City; April 20th, Dr. W. F. Grenfell, of the Labrador Coast; 
 October nth. Dr. Blackburn again; November 29th, Dr. A. 
 Hrdlicka, of the U. S. National Museum. 
 
 January 24, 1906, Dr. Vaughan again; January 31st, Drs. 
 Blackburn and Stiles again; February 21st, Mr. Charles 
 Truax, of Chicago; March 14th, Dr. Robert Abbe, of New 
 York City; October 12th, Dr. A. E. Wright, of London, 
 England. 
 
 January 23, 1907, Dr. E. M. Santee and Messrs. K. F.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 63 
 
 Kellerman, T. D. Beckwith and G. M. Whitaker, Dept. 
 Agriculture, and Dr. Turner, Health Dept., D. C. ; Feb- 
 ruary 13th, Dr. Theodor Schott, of Bad Nauheim, Germany; 
 February 27th, Dr. J. C. Wise, U. S. Navy; March 27th, 
 Dr. B. K. Ashford, U. S. A., and Dr. C. W. Stiles again ; 
 April loth, Dr. Blackburn again; April 17th, Dr. W. S. Hal- 
 sted, of Johns Hopkins ; May 29th, Dr. Wm. A. White, 
 Supt. Government Hospital for the Insane, D. C. ; Novem- 
 ber 6th, Dr. Hrdlicka again. 
 
 February 19, 1908, Major Spencer Cosby, U. S. A. ; Mr. 
 F. F. Longley ; Drs. M. J. Rosenau, L. L. Lumsden and 
 Mr. J. H. Kastle, Marine Hospital Service ; and Drs. Har- 
 vey Wiley, B. M. Bolton and Mr. C. B. Lane, U. S. Dept. 
 Agriculture ; March i8th, Dr. J. M. T. Finney, Baltimore, 
 Md. ; April 8th, Dr. T. A. Williams ; April 29th, Dr. J. C. 
 DaCosta, Philadelphia, Pa. ; November 4th, Dr. R. A. Ham- 
 ilton of Washington ; December 2d, Dr. Williams again. 
 
 January 13, 1909, Dr. Geo. Ben Johnston, Richmond, Va.; 
 February 17th, Dr. T. M. Rotch, Boston, Mass. ; March 
 loth, Dr. L. L. Flick, of Philadelphia, and General Stern- 
 berg ; March 24th, Dr. Wm. P. Spratling, Baltimore, Md. ; 
 and March 31st, Dr. White again. 
 
 In 1905, several members were appointed to read reviews 
 on important subjects, and annually since then, the Pres- 
 ident has announced a list of " Reviewers " for the year. 
 There is no record of any action having been taken by the 
 Society ; the custom, however, appears to be established. 
 
 THE SOCIETY AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 
 GENERALLY. 
 
 At a very early period in its history the Society showed 
 an interest in public matters — disease, sanitation, etc., as 
 affecting the District of Columbia. Whenever the occa-
 
 64 MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 sion has required, the Society has met its opportunity and 
 generally succeeded in making itself felt in the community. 
 Dr. Toner, in his oration, 1866, said that — 
 
 " The benefits of the Medical Society of the District of 
 Columbia to this community have never been fully appre- 
 ciated by them, and perhaps not to the full extent it de- 
 serves by the members themselves. * * * It is a 
 mistake to suppose that the benefits of a medical associa- 
 tion are limited, or chiefly important, to its members. The 
 skill and proficiency of the medical profession is but a 
 legacy held in trust for the use and benefit of the commun- 
 ity. The interest of the public and the profession in this 
 respect is almost identical. Each is benefited, but the 
 public most, by whatever measure advances and dissemi- 
 nates a knowledge of the healing art and the prevention 
 of disease. * * * But there are other duties of a more 
 public nature, which belong to the profession in its asso- 
 ciate rather than in its individual capacity. With special 
 reference to these this Society was originally constituted." 
 
 February i, 1864, ^^ view of the prevalence of smallpox, 
 the Society appointed a committee, consisting of one mem- 
 ber from each ward of Washington and two from George- 
 town, to consider the sanitary condition of the District. 
 Dr. T. Antisell was made chairman ; the other members 
 were Drs. W. G. H. Newman, F. Howard, Wm. Marbury, J. 
 Eliot, G. W. McCoy, J. M. Roberts and J. E. Morgan. 
 March 7th, the committee reported ; the report was adopted 
 and ordered printed. The printed report covered ten 
 pages, besides twelve pages of appendices. It related 
 mainly to precautions against smallpox, but also consid- 
 ered insanitary matters generally, and especially recom- 
 mended a skeleton of a constitution and duties of a Board 
 of Health. 
 
 Three committees were appointed to carry out the re- 
 commendations : Drs. Liebermann and W. P. Johnston to
 
 I?
 
 J
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 65 
 
 see the Secretary of War ; Drs. Wm. Jones, F. B. Culver 
 and Marbury to see members of Congress ; and Drs. Mor- 
 gan, J. Borrows and Howard to see the municipal author- 
 ities. January 9, 1865, Dr. Antisell made a report, which 
 was accepted, and the committee was instructed to submit 
 the matter to Congress. January 23d, Dr. Antisell reported 
 that a bill had been introduced into Congress and referred 
 to a committee. 
 
 March 28, 1866, Dr. J. Phillips read a paper on the san- 
 itary condition of Washington, in which he recommended 
 surface drainage, removal of garbage, daily sweeping of 
 streets and removal of sweepings ; also rigid ordinances 
 regarding privies, preventing the waste from running hy- 
 drants, and filling the canal ; and the appointing of proper 
 medical inspectors and attendants to the poor. 
 
 April 7, 1897, the Society ordered that a memorial be 
 prepared and sent to the U. S. Senate favoring a bill 
 (House bill 9142) that had passed the House at a previous 
 session, regulating the disposal of animal excreta [see 
 Senate Documents, 1897, No. 14]. 
 
 Further information in regard to certain subjects of 
 sanitation will be found under the respective headings in 
 this publication. Those interested are also referred to the 
 address of Dr. Busey before the Washington Academy of 
 Sciences, December 14, 1898, published in his volume of 
 addresses, pages 135 to 173, with four plates ; also in the 
 Trans. Med. Soc. for 1898, pages 182, 198 ; and in National 
 Med. Review^ 1898-9, VIII, pages 502 to 518. 
 
 January 31, 1866, a committee, Drs. Howard, Morgan 
 and Borrows, was appointed to inquire into the expediency 
 of organizing a society in the District for the relief of 
 widows and orphans of medical men. The committee 
 made no report, and the subject was never again brought 
 before the Society. 
 
 5
 
 66 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 ASIATIC CHOLERA. 
 
 The subject of cholera has been discussed by the Society 
 a number of times. Washington had a serious visitation 
 of the disease in 1832, but what the Society did as a society, 
 in that epidemic, does not appear. 
 
 The approach of the epidemic of 1865-6 induced Dr. 
 Toner, November 22, 1865, to offer the following, which 
 was adopted : 
 
 " Whereas, the threatened approach of cholera from 
 Europe, and its probable appearance among us at no very 
 remote time, is likely to disturb and injuriously excite the 
 public mind and be aggravated by members of the pro- 
 fession inconsiderately giving publicity to their opinions 
 through the newspapers of the city ; to prevent this evil 
 and to give dignity and efficiency to the skill and efforts of 
 the profession, Therefore^ be it resolved., That the Society 
 disapprove of any newspaper publications or notices what- 
 ever upon the subject of cholera, by any of its members, 
 not previously authorized by this body ; and that a com- 
 mittee upon epidemics be appointed, to consist of the 
 President of this Society, one member from each ward and 
 one from Georgetown, to take into consideration the sub- 
 ject of epidemics and their probable influence upon the 
 community, and report to this body at their earliest con- 
 venience." 
 
 It does not appear that the committee made any report. 
 
 November 29, 1865, Drs. Toner and Thos. Miller were 
 appointed a committee to ascertain from Prof. Henry, of 
 the Smithsonian Institution, whether the Society might 
 be permitted to hold a monthly meeting at the Smith- 
 sonian, and see there and examine the new^ books on med- 
 icine and the collateral sciences. The reply was favorable, 
 and December 6th a resolution was adopted to have an 
 informal scientific reunion of the members at the Smith- 
 sonian on the first Monday evening of each month.
 
 DISTRICT OF COL,UMBIA 67 
 
 THE PUBLICATION OF THE TRANSACTIONS 
 OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 Many papers read before the Society were published in 
 the ephemeral medical literature of the early part of the last 
 century. The question of publication by the Society itself 
 was early discussed, but naturally and promptly opposed 
 on the ground of expense, and as long as the Society was 
 comparatively small in number of members the objection 
 was serious. Later, when the membership had much in- 
 creased, the force of the objection was much diminished. 
 
 As early as December 20, 1865, Dr. Toner, in an address 
 before the Society on the history of the medical profession 
 and medical associations of the District, expressed regret 
 that up to that time no full record had been kept of the 
 transactions of the Society or the history of the various 
 epidemic diseases that had prevailed in the District, and 
 suggested that thereafter the essays read before the Society, 
 and its transactions, be published. October 28, 1868, he 
 moved that a very interesting case just reported to the 
 Society be sent to some journal for publication ; and the 
 report was published in the Richmond and Louisville Med- 
 ical Journal.^ 
 
 At the same meeting the President of the Society (Dr. 
 Thomas Miller) also spoke of the advantages of publishing 
 the discussions in some medical journal, and the prospect 
 of some such proposal being entertained at no very distant 
 day. In his Presidential address, January 4, 1869, he for- 
 mally recommended publication, and two days afterwards 
 the subject was referred to a committee, consisting of Drs. 
 J. H. Thompson, W. P. Johnston and Charles Allen, for 
 consideration. March 17th, the committee reported that as 
 far as practicable a full report should be kept of all dis- 
 
 •See Vol. VII, 1869, page 367 ; " Ovariotomy," by Dr. J. Harry Thompson ; with dis- 
 cussion.
 
 68 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 cussions upon important subjects in the Society, and the 
 Secretary should prepare reports for publication in some 
 good medical journal ; that a committee of three, called 
 Committee of Publication^ of which the Recording Secre- 
 tary should be one, should be appointed annually by the 
 Chair, to which all essays read before the Society should 
 be referred, as it was proposed to establish in the District 
 a Quarterly Medical and Surgical Journal, to be conducted 
 by a corps of editors, all of whom should be members of 
 the Society. The committee recommended that the trans- 
 actions of the Society, essays, reports, etc., should be for- 
 warded to the said journal for publication. 
 
 The chairman of the committee stated that the proposed 
 journal would have four departments — medicine, surgery, 
 obstetrics, and physiology and chemistry. The publishers 
 had agreed to furnish a quarterly of 200 pages on tinted 
 paper, with engravings when necessary, and bear the whole 
 burden of expense and subscription list. The Society 
 voted its approval of this scheme, as, indeed, might have 
 been expected, since the expense was to be borne by an- 
 other party. 
 
 It was some time before the promised journal material 
 ized. The jfirst number appeared as the National Medical 
 Journal, April, 1870. Dr. C. C. Cox was the editor, Judd 
 & Detweiler the publishers; it was a quarterly, of 128 
 pages. The Washington collaborators were Drs. S. L. 
 Loomis, Noble Young, J. Harry Thompson, S. C. Busey, 
 F. A. Ashford, T. B. Hood and J. K. Barnes, Surgeon 
 General, U. S. Army. There were many other collabora- 
 tors, resident in New York and elsewhere. Perhaps the 
 venture would have been a success if the journal had not 
 been launched on the stormy sea in which medical Wash- 
 ington rocked at that time and for some time thereafter. 
 The first volume ended with the January number, 1871,
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 69 
 
 and the second volume, beginning with the number for 
 May, was under the editorial management of Drs. S. C. 
 Busey and William Lee, and was published monthly, in- 
 stead of quarterly. Publication entirely ceased with the 
 February number, 1872. 
 
 Dr. Cox was never a member of the Medical Society. 
 None of the proceedings of the Society, and apparently 
 none of the papers read before it, appeared in the first vol- 
 ume of the journal. After the journal had passed into the 
 editorial hands of Drs. Busey and Lee, both of whom were 
 members of the Society, the latter took action toward pub- 
 lication. January 11, 1871, the Committee on Essays was 
 instructed to arrange with some medical journal to publish 
 a synopsis of the papers read and discussions thereon be- 
 fore the Society, and, February 8th, the committee reported, 
 recommending that a copy of each paper read before the 
 Society be filed with the Committee on Essays, to be placed 
 in the archives of the Society ; that pathological speci- 
 mens should be accompanied by a written history, to go to 
 the same committee ; and that the committee should make 
 a synopsis of such papers as it deemed worthy of publica- 
 tion, the synopsis and debate to be published. February 
 15th, this report was approved by the Society. 
 
 April 1 2th, Drs. Busey and Lee offered to publish the 
 transactions in the National Medical Journal^ and the So- 
 ciety ordered the publication. Much of the transactions 
 from November, 1868, to December, 1870, including reports 
 of cases, appeared in volume II of that journal. 
 
 While it is not a part of the present history to consider 
 the reason for the change in editors of the journal, it would 
 be interesting to those who recall those troublous times, 
 were we to reprint the valedictory of Dr. Cox and the 
 salutatory of Drs. Busey and Lee, both of which entirely 
 failed to explain the reason why. The valedictory of
 
 •JO MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Busey and Lee, in February, 1872, is a six-line paragraph 
 which states that the publishers insisted on publishing- 
 matter that did not meet the approval of the editors, and 
 therefore they had withdrawn from the editorship. The 
 publishers admitted this, and after stating that they had 
 arranged for the appearance of the March and April num- 
 bers (which, however, never did appear), charged, and no 
 doubt with truth, that the failure of the journal to succeed 
 was largely due to the personal opposition to Dr. Cox. 
 Thus ended the first medical journal published in the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. 
 
 Nothing definite in the way of publication was now at- 
 tempted until November, 1873, when Dr. Busey offered a 
 resolution, which was adopted, that the Committee on Es- 
 says inquire into the expediency and expense of publishing 
 a Bulletin of the debates of the Society, and report. No- 
 vember 19th, this committee reported that in its opinion it 
 would be eminently proper and expedient for the Society 
 to publish reports of its proceedings ; such a course would 
 enhance the usefulness of the Society, stimulate its mem- 
 bers to present better papers and essays, and tend to improve 
 the scientific character of the debates ; and recommended 
 a quarterly publication bearing the title, " Transactions of 
 the Medical Society of the District of Columbia." The 
 cost to be, pamphlet form, without cover, octavo, 48 lines 
 solid to the page, 24 pages in each number, and 500 copies, 
 $50 per quarter ; which was $200 per year.* 
 
 The committee consisted of Drs. Benedict Thompson, 
 A. F. A. King and Charles E. Hagner. The report was 
 adopted and the committee proceeded with the work. The 
 first quarter began April, 1874 ; the July, October and 
 
 •This was a high price as compared with prices uow. The Washington Medical 
 Annals publishes a 4S-line page octavo, bitnonthlj' journal. 500 copies, uith ccn'ers. and 
 distributes it through the mails for about two-thirds the same sum, and with the 
 advertising receipts deducted, the actual cost is only about half what it was in 1874.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 7 1 
 
 January numbers, each 24 pages, appeared ; the four num- 
 bers constituted the first volume, and brought the record 
 up to October, 1874. The second volume began with 
 April, 1875 5 t^^ J^^^y ^"d October numbers appeared 
 together, and the January number ended with page 94. 
 Volume III consisted of only three numbers, April, July 
 and December, 1876, with a total of 72 pages. Volume 
 IV began with May 24, 1876, and consisted of numbers for 
 January, April, July and October, 1877, with a total of 94 
 pages. Then came volume V, with three numbers and a 
 total of ']'^ pages, ending with July, 1878. The fourth vol- 
 ume introduced business matters, such as the election of 
 new members and resolutions on the death of members. 
 The last meeting reported, published in the Transactions 
 was February 28, 1878. 
 
 As showing Dr. Busey's position on the question of pub- 
 lication, it may be added that in the discussion December 
 3, 1873, <^^ t^^^ report of the committee, Dr. Busey said 
 that "a journal would cost $1,200 per annum, and his ex- 
 perience had shown him that the profession here was not 
 willing to raise that amount. Moreover, it was no easy 
 position to be editor of a journal, even if the editor did not 
 write a single line." From his salutatory while editor of 
 the National Med. Journal we read that — 
 
 " The profession in this District owes it to itself to sus- 
 tain a journal at the seat of government, and we appeal 
 directly to it for that support which will insure success. 
 Among our brethren here there are men of eminent abili- 
 ties and of extensive experience, yet, comparatively, they 
 are unknown to the country, a circumstance attributable 
 to the absence of that medium of communication which 
 we propose to supply." 
 
 In his Presidential address, December 18, 1895, he looked 
 back over the events of nearly fifty years in the Society, 
 and said :
 
 72 MEUICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 "I believe, with the committee of 1873, that a society 
 publication, preferably an annual volume of transactions, 
 * * * would enhance the usefulness of the Society, 
 stimulate its members to present better papers and essays 
 and tend to improve the scientific character of its debates." 
 
 April I, 1874, the committee reported that the Bulletin 
 had been sent, not only to the members, but also to the 
 American medical journals and to each medical society in 
 the United States that published its own transactions. 
 May 13th, the Society ordered that all papers and records of 
 cases presented to or read before it should be sent to the 
 Committee of Publication, and that members should not 
 be allowed to publish elsewhere until after twelve months. 
 This radical order was rescinded January 6, 1875. 
 
 September i, 1875, the Society ordered that members 
 who read papers should give a synopsis of the same to the 
 Secretary, to be recorded on the minutes, and then be 
 available for publication in the Transactions in case 
 they were thought desirable by the Committee on Publi- 
 cation. 
 
 January 26, 1876, a committee was appointed to remodel 
 the whole matter of publication of the transactions ; it 
 consisted of Drs. J. Ford Thompson, W. W. Johnston, W. 
 H. Ross, R. Reyburn and Kleinschmidt. F'ebruary 2d, the 
 committee reported the following resolutions, which were 
 adopted by the Society : 
 
 " That the Transactions be published quarterly, as here- 
 tofore ; that the publication include original papers, re- 
 ports of cases, autopsies or pathological specimens, read 
 before the Society, and such parts of debates as would, in 
 the judgment of the committee, if published, be of general 
 interest to the profession at large, or tend to promote the 
 advancement of medical science ; that where papers were 
 judged worthy by the committee, but were found to exceed 
 the limits authorized by the Society, they might be pub-
 
 19
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 73 
 
 lished, provided the extra expense was defrayed by the 
 author ; that in the event of debates or papers being pro- 
 longed or diffuse, discretionary power be given to the com- 
 mittee to procure condensation of the same, either by the 
 author or the committee, so that all matters of value and 
 interest might be included and space might be economized ; 
 that the extra numbers should be disposed of, if called for, 
 at the rate 20 cents per copy ; provided that 50 copies were 
 retained for preservation in the archives of the Society ; 
 that all matter submitted to the Society, likely to be used 
 for publication, should be written on foolscap paper, with 
 ink, and only on one side of the paper." 
 
 January 31, 1877, the Publication Committee, Drs. Wm. 
 Lee, P. J. Murphy and Kleiuschmidt, was authorized to 
 commence each volume of the Transactions with the first 
 month of the year, and, therefore. No. 3 of Volume III 
 was dated December, 1876, and No. i of Volume IV, Jan- 
 uary, 1877 — the numbers of Volume V to be issued during 
 January, April, July and October of 1878. Also to in- 
 sert, in addition to the matter published by resolution of 
 the Society, such business matter as might be of general 
 interest, including the organization and objects of com- 
 mittees, and especially resolutions passed and remarks 
 made upon the deaths of members. Also to charge a nom- 
 inal price of $1.00 a year to subscribers, said charge not to 
 interfere, in any way, with proper exchanges, and its ben- 
 efits to accrue to the Society. Also to receive advertise- 
 ments. 
 
 February 21st, authority was given the committee to pub- 
 lish obituary notices and admissions of members. 
 
 April nth and i8th, there was severe criticism on the 
 work of the committee; more especially it was charged that 
 remarks and discussions were not published as made. This 
 brought up the whole subject of publication. Dr. J. Ford 
 Thompson opposed further publication, except that inter-
 
 y4 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 esting papers might be published once a year. Dr. W. W. 
 Johnston favored publication because it had improved the 
 tone of debate. He held that it was the office of the 
 committee to condense debates, correct errors, eliminate 
 repetitions, &c. Many debates would have a bad appear- 
 ance without such corrections. Dr. King maintained that 
 the Transactions were the outgrowth of a successful society. 
 Dr. J. E. Morgan opposed publication. Dr. Borrows favored 
 it. Dr. Reyburn favored publication ; believed that the 
 transactions themselves would improve. Dr. Ashford 
 favored publication ; believed that it had already improved 
 debate. Dr. Prentiss held that the Society owed it to the 
 profession to see that the valuable material in the Pro- 
 ceedings should be published. Publication gave greater 
 interest to the meetings, and reached members who were 
 not present at the meetings. He thought we ought to, and 
 some time would, have a regular medical journal in the 
 District. The Transactions^ in the natural order of events, 
 would develop into such a journal. The Committee of 
 Publication should have the right to decline to publish 
 anything it deemed unsuitable. 
 
 May 1 6th, the committee made a report to the Society, 
 explaining and defending some things that had been criti- 
 cised. It had been compelled to issue two numbers in 
 haste. The committee thought that if the publication 
 was to take rank with those of other societies, as an evi- 
 dence of work done and an active interest in the medical 
 problems of the day, then the committee should be author- 
 ized to select for publication certain limited portions of 
 debates bearing directly and usefully on the subject under 
 discussion. 
 
 January i6, 1878, the committee that audited the report 
 of the Treasurer showed that the cost of publication of the 
 Transactions was increasing, and in the debate on the re-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 75 
 
 port Dr. King stated that he considered the Transactions 
 worth but little, because the material was not calculated 
 to do much credit to the Society. He was, therefore, in 
 favor of abridging the publication. Dr. A. Patze (Libra- 
 rian) believed that the publication was gaining favor 
 abroad, because of the number of requests for it received 
 by him. At this point Dr. Toner moved to suspend the 
 publication. Dr. Busey showed that some expenditures 
 had been improperly charged to the Transactions ; that, as 
 a matter of fact, the cost had not really increased. He 
 maintained that marked improvement had taken place in 
 both the debates and the material offered to the Society. 
 The publication had systematized debate, and statements 
 therein were more accurate. The whole character of de- 
 bate had been changed during the last few years. If we 
 stopped publication the Society would retrogress. The 
 publication should continue and should not be abridged. 
 He rather favored an annual. As to the question of cost, 
 the delinquent members should be made to pay up. Dr. 
 W. H. Triplett said that to suspend publication would 
 show poverty of both money and brains. The publication 
 was educational in the hig^hest degree, because it formu- 
 lated thought and was the life and growth of medicine in 
 the District. Dr. Toner thought that abroad the publica- 
 tion was not considered valuable. 
 
 At the close of the debate the Society ordered the pub- 
 lication continued, and appointed a committee to see if 
 advertisements could be obtained to cut down expenses. 
 Drs. Busey, Wm. Lee, P. J. Murphy, Kleinschmidt and 
 W. H. Triplett constituted the committee. 
 
 February 20, 1878, a letter was written by Dr. Landon 
 B. Edwards, editor and proprietor of the Virginia Medical 
 Monthly^ proposing to publish the transactions of the So- 
 ciety monthly, eight or nine pages a month, as prepared by
 
 ^6 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 the Secretary or Publishino^ Committee, on certain condi- 
 tions. The letter was addressed to Dr. J. Ford Thompson, 
 and was referred to a special committee. April 3d, the 
 committee reported against the feasibility of the proposi- 
 tion, and the Society adopted the report. 
 
 October i6th, the Society ordered that publication be sus- 
 pended. October 23d, a letter was received from Dr. Walter 
 S. Wells, stating that he, with others, proposed to inau- 
 gurate a monthly medical magazine in Washington, with 
 the title "National Medical Review," in which space would 
 be given for reports such as had previously been published 
 in the quarterly Transactions. The Society accepted the 
 offer. November 20th, Dr. Busey offered a series of resolu- 
 tions, of which the following was adopted : " That the 
 resolution authorizing publication in the National Medical 
 Review be rescinded." The other resolution, which pro- 
 vided for continuing the publication of the Tratisactions 
 until the volume should be completed, failed to pass. The 
 discussion was participated in by Drs. Triplett, E. M. 
 Schaeffer, Kleinschmidt, A. F. A. King, W. W. Johnston^ 
 Reyburn, Noble Young, F. A. Ashford and J. Ford 
 Thompson. As a matter of fact, the ISIay number of the 
 Review was the last published. July 7th, Dr. Wells wrote 
 a letter to the Society, stating that although the journal 
 had been sent to about 200 physicians, only 30 had paid 
 subscription. Some portions of the work of the Society 
 from February, 1878, to April, 1879, appeared in this 
 journal. 
 
 October 6, 1880, there came an offer from Dr. Ralph 
 Walsh, a member of the Society, to publish such parts of 
 the Society transactions as he might judge to be of general 
 interest, and the Society agreed to this. His journal was 
 a quarterly — Retrospect of American Medicine and Sur- 
 gery — published in Washington. Onlv a few articles from
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 77 
 
 Washington, however, appeared in this journal. Dr. 
 Walsh himself said in an editorial in his last issue, April, 
 1882: 
 
 " Two years ago we were asked by the editor of the 
 New York Medical Journal why the Washington Medical 
 Society did not do more for medical literature. * * * At 
 an early meeting of the Medical Society of the District of 
 Columbia, we announced that in order to give the profes- 
 sion of Washington a voice, we had determined to depart 
 from the original plan of the Retrospect and create an orig- 
 inal department, in which we would gratuitously publish 
 such portions of the Society's proceedings as in our judg- 
 ment would be of general interest. To our great surprise, 
 the proposition met with little favor and some active oppo- 
 sition. * * * After debate, we were permitted to 
 publish papers, provided the authors did not wish to send 
 them to other journals, no part of the discussions being al- 
 lowed publication. For about a year we patiently waited 
 an article, but nothing came." 
 
 January 17, 1883, the Society received a letter from the 
 Maryland Medical Jour^ial^ offering to publish the work 
 of the Medical Society in that journal. The proposition 
 was referred to the Committee on Publication, Drs. D. W. 
 Prentiss, A. F. A. King and T. E. McArdle, which report- 
 ed February 7th, recommending the acceptance of the offer. 
 February 14th, the committee made a further report and the 
 report was adopted, that the material to be published 
 should be limited to original theories, or synopses of papers 
 containing such theories ; original modes of practice ; 
 cases testing modes of practice still sub judice ; cases, cu- 
 rious or rare ; new facts, experiments or discoveries apper- 
 taining to medicine or the allied sciences, and parts of 
 debates judged by the committee to be of general interest 
 to the profession or tending to promote the advancement 
 of medical science ; the publication to begin with January
 
 yS MEDICAl, SOCIETY 
 
 I, 1883 ; the reports to be read to the Society before being- 
 published and opportunity given to members to revise re- 
 marks. The Society adopted the report and, May 9th, 
 ordered that 150 copies of the printed reports should be 
 bought quarterly. 
 
 The proceedings, accordingly, beginning with the meeting 
 January 17, 1883, and ending with June 17, 1885, appeared 
 in the Maryland Medical Journal^ in volumes IX to XIII, 
 1882-1885. At first only the scientific work was printed ; 
 afterwards, obituaries, &c. Some papers were published 
 in full. 
 
 April 8, 1885, the Publication Committee was directed 
 to take some action looking toward publishing the Trans- 
 actions in some metropolitan journal of large circulation. 
 September 30th, the committee reported in favor of the 
 Journal Aynerican Medical Association^ which offered to 
 publish a judicious report about every two weeks and pub- 
 lish papers of merit in full and furnish reprints in neat 
 pamphlet form at actual cost. The Society approved the 
 action of the committee. January 4, 1886, the committee 
 reported that the only condition of publication was that 
 the material should be presented in proper form. The 
 committee thought that the wide circulation that would be 
 given the reports should be a stimulus to the members to 
 do what they could to add to the interest of the proceedings. 
 " Some papers presented showed careful preparation, and 
 were promptly printed in the Jotirnal^ while other papers 
 had not fulfilled the conditions." 
 
 The Journal oj the American Medical Association pub- 
 lished the proceedings, printing many of the papers in full, 
 beginning with the meeting December 9, 1885, and ending- 
 with December 18, 1889, in Vols. VI to XV, 1886-1890, 
 when publication of the proceedings ceased. 
 
 March 14, 1888, Dr. Lachlan Tyler suggested that the
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 79 
 
 Society was in a position to have its transactions published 
 in pamphlet form and exchange with State societies. Dr. 
 T. C. Smith, however, thought that such publication 
 would cost too much, and the transactions were already 
 being satisfactorily published in the Journal American 
 Medical Association. Dr. Tyler then moved that the 
 transactions be published in book form, and the Treasurer 
 be authorized to pay for the same. Dr. A. F. A. King 
 offered an amendment, that the Committee on Publication 
 ascertain the cost of 500 reprints. Dr. Tyler accepted the 
 amendment. Dr. Franzoni said that the Society's experi- 
 ence in publishing its transactions had been expensive and 
 unsatisfactory ; several times the treasury had been bank- 
 rupt. Dr. J. F. Hartigan thought that with $600 in the 
 treasury, the Society was able to publish. The motion, 
 however, was laid on the table. 
 
 June 6th, Dr. J. B. Hamilton called attention to the fact 
 that the publication in \.\\^ Journal American Medical As- 
 sociation was far behind, and wished the Committee on 
 Publication to ask the editor to publish, as formerly, every 
 two weeks. Dr. Busey replied that the journal was 
 crowded, and was doing the best it could. 
 
 September 17, 1890, the Society requested the Commit- 
 tee on Publication to consider the propriety of publishing 
 the transactions of the Society in some other journal than 
 that of the American Medical Association. Dr. A. F. A. 
 King was added temporarily to the committee. Septem- 
 ber 24th, the committee reported that the proposed change 
 was not advisable. 
 
 November 19th, the Committee on Publication was in- 
 structed to take the best method for placing a paper read 
 by Dr. D. S. Lamb on " School Hygiene" in the hands of 
 the educationalists of the District. At the next meeting, 
 however, November 26th, this action was rescinded.
 
 8o MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 April 6, 1892, the Society recommended that authors 
 and essayists give their papers, or abstracts of the same, 
 presented to the Society, to the National Medical Review 
 for publication ; and also ordered that the discussions on 
 papers, etc., should also be given to the same journal. The 
 Review began publication in March, 1892, under the edi- 
 torship of Dr. Charles H. Stowell, a member of the Soci- 
 ety. It was a monthly, 16 pages, double column. Much 
 of the work of the Society was published in it, the dis- 
 cussions beginning with the November number, 1892. 
 Volume V, 1896, contained only three numbers, a new 
 arrangement of volumes being made ; Vol. VI began with 
 the June number, 1896, and the monthly pages were in- 
 creased to 24. In October, 1897, Drs. George W. Johns- 
 ton and T. E. McArdle became the owners and managers, 
 in place of Stowell, and issued the November number. 
 The journal was discontinued in 1901, the last number 
 published being No. i. Vol. XI, for June; the May num- 
 ber completing the Society transactions for 1900. 
 
 October 10, 1894, the editor of the Virginia Medical 
 Monthly offered to publish the proceedings of the Society ; 
 and the editor of the Maryland Medical Journal had also 
 the matter under consideration. The Society referred the 
 subject to the Committee on Publication, which reported 
 October 31st, recommending that the privilege of publica- 
 tion be continued to the National Medical Review^ in 
 consideration of Dr. StowelPs agreement to print promptly 
 all discussions and abstracts of papers presented, when 
 such abstracts were furnished by the authors. The Society 
 adopted the report. 
 
 December 18, 1895, a committee was appointed to con- 
 sider the advisability of publishing the transactions in some 
 permanent form. Drs. W. W. Johnston, Kleinschmidt, 
 S. S. Adams, J. H. Bryan and C. H. Stowell were the 
 committee.
 
 WM. HERBERT COMBS
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 8 1 
 
 The committee reported January 8, 1896, recommend- 
 ing an annual volume of transactions, to be published about 
 October ist, and to include the Society work from the pre- 
 ceding October ist to June 30th. There should be a title 
 page, table of contents, list of officers and members, a con- 
 densed statement of matters of interest discussed and acted 
 on during the year, appertaining to legislation, public 
 health, &c. ; papers, essays and discussions ; and reports of 
 pathological specimens. The editing to be done by a com- 
 mittee appointed by the President ; this committee to have 
 full power to decide on the material for publication, and 
 exclude what was not thought worthy of preservation. In 
 case of disagreement in the committee the President should 
 be the referee. 
 
 Readers of papers should furnish typewritten copies 
 for the use of the committee, but might publish their pa- 
 pers elsewhere, with the statement that they had been read 
 before the Society. It was recommended to publish 500 
 copies at an annual cost of $800, with paper covers ; each 
 member and member by invitation to receive a copy. The 
 cost per page to be from $1.25 to $1.50 ; the volume not to 
 exceed 500 pages. Illustrations, plates, prints in colors or 
 charts, at cost of author of paper. After supplying the 
 members, the remaining copies to go to public medical 
 libraries, societies that publish their transactions and hon- 
 orary members. 
 
 February 12th, after discussion, the report was laid on 
 the table. February 19th, the Committee on Publication 
 was instructed to correspond with \\iQ. Journal of the Amer- 
 ican Medical Associatioji^ the Virginia Medical Monthly^ 
 the New York Medical Journal^ and such other medical 
 journals as the committee might select, to ascertain the 
 conditions on which said journals would publish the trans- 
 actions of the Society and furnish 500 reprints without 
 covers, paged in numerical order, with title page and index, 
 the index to be prepared by a committee of the Society. 
 March i8th, the Committee on Publication made a report, 
 6
 
 82 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 and April ist the report was discussed. The Society or- 
 dered that the transactions be published, and referred the 
 subject to a special committee with instructions to pre- 
 sent a method of publication. April 2 2d, the Society 
 accepted the offer of the National Medical Review ; a 
 special assessment of one dollar per member was levied to 
 pay for the journal, and an Editing Committee appointed 
 with discretionary powers as to publication of papers and 
 discussions ; Drs. W. W. Johnston, G. M. Kober and J. D. 
 Morgan were the committee.* 
 
 As a separate publication, but still a reprint from the 
 National Medical Review^ the Transactions of the Society 
 from March to December, 1896, appeared as Vol. I, the 
 paging being changed. The four succeeding volumes in- 
 cluded, each, the Society work of the corresponding calen- 
 dar year ; the last was for the year 1900. 
 
 March 16, 1898, the Editing Committee reported that 
 the contract for publication made with the Review would 
 soon expire ; that the managers of the journal had lost 
 heavily ; the cost of publishing the transactions of the So- 
 ciety was more than twice the sum the Society paid them 
 for the work. They offered for $400 to continue publica- 
 tion and furnish 50 bound volumes of transactions, as be- 
 fore. The Society agreed to this proposition, f 
 
 February 21, 1900, the Society requested the Editing 
 Committee to report on the advisability of continuing the 
 publication of the Transactions. The committee reported 
 March 2ist,;{: and the Society ordered the publication con- 
 tinued in the same form, with the addition of the bound 
 volumes. 
 
 April 17, 1901, the Editing Committee again made 
 
 •For Mixs oRcT se:e National Medical Review ; also Transactions oi Sioci^ty , 1896, 1, p. 1. 
 t See Transactions, III, for 1898, p. 69 ; also Review, 1898-9, VIII. p, 187. 
 X See Transactions, V. 1900, p. 61.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 83 
 
 report,* and on its recommendation, the Society work for 
 1 901 was published as Vol. VI of the Transactions. 
 
 The Presidential address of Dr. D. S. L/amb, December 
 18, 1901, recommended that the Society publish its own 
 journal. An editorial committee, Drs. D. S. Lamb, W. A. 
 Wells and V. B. Jackson, was appointed to report on this 
 proposition. The committee reported February 12, 1902, 
 recommending the publication. The report was referred 
 to the Executive Committee, which reported February 
 19th, recommending- the publication, and the Society ap- 
 proved the recommendation. t The Editing Committee 
 was authorized to proceed with the publication, keeping 
 the expense within $600 for the year, and was also author- 
 ized to insert advertisements and solicit subscriptions. 
 
 February 18, 1903, the Editing Committee reported the 
 results of the first year of publication ;| and February 17, 
 1904, the results of its second year.§ April 20th, some of 
 the phases of publication were discussed by the Society, 1| 
 and May 4th, the Editing Committee made a report, which 
 was adopted,! limiting the length of papers to ten pages, 
 unless the authors would pay for the additional pages. 
 October 19th, the committee reported that it had secured 
 second-class rates at the post office. 
 
 The Washington Medical Annals is the property 
 and official organ of the Society ; is a bimonthly, varying 
 more or less in the number of pages of each issue, but 
 making a total of between 400 and 600 pages yearly. 
 Each issue comprises the papers read and specimens pre- 
 sented before the Society and discussions thereon ; a 
 brief statement of the proceedings of the Society ; the edi- 
 torial matter ; and a medical miscellany, consisting of re- 
 
 * See Transactions, VI, 1901, p. 137. § Annals, 1904-5, III, p. 132. 
 
 t See Annals, I, 1902, pp. 79, 146. II Annals, p. 241. 
 
 X See Annals, 1903, II, p. 139. U Annals, p, 278.
 
 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 ports of proceedings of other societies, of various medical 
 institutions in Washington, of the Health Office of the 
 District, etc. 
 
 Successive reports of the Editorial Committee have ap- 
 peared in the Annals. The report January i, 1908, for 
 the year ending with the January number, shows a net 
 cost of $1.13 per page, which covered all expenses incident 
 to the publication. Since the publication began in 1902, 
 the membership of the Society has increased from 285 to 
 429, about 50 per cent. 
 
 THE MEDICAL HALL. 
 
 It had long been in the minds of the members of the 
 Society to have a building of its own. In course of time 
 the members tired of going from one place of meeting to 
 another. Apparently the first distinct movement toward 
 such a building was made in the address of Dr. Toner, 
 December 20, 1865. He wanted a medical library and 
 museum for the use of the Society, and also a building in 
 which the archives and other property of the Society might 
 be permanently kept and meetings be held. He proposed 
 a plan to raise $12,000 for the purpose. Drs. Liebermann, 
 H. Lindsly, Toner and G. Tyler were appointed a com- 
 mittee to consider the question. 
 
 Nothing, however, was definitely done until nearly a 
 year afterward, November 7, 1866, when Dr. W. P. John- 
 ston submitted a plan for raising funds to buy a lot and 
 erect a suitable building. The following resolution was 
 adopted : 
 
 '■'■Resolved^ That a joint stock company be formed, com- 
 posed only of members of the Society, with authority to 
 raise by stock subscriptions a sum not less than $50,000 
 nor more than $75,000, for the purpose of erecting, under
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 85 
 
 the auspices of the Medical Society, a commodious and 
 fireproof building to be styled ' The Medical Hall of the 
 District of Columbia.' " 
 
 At the same meeting, Dr. Toner, of the committee pre- 
 viously appointed, reported another plan for raising funds, 
 by subscription and the issue of shares or scrip. His report 
 was received and the committee discharged. November 
 14th, the committee provided for in Dr. Johnston's resolu- 
 tion was appointed : Drs. D. R. Hagner, from the first 
 ward ; W. P. Johnston, from the second ; J. Ford Thomp- 
 son, from the third ; Harvey Lindsly, from the fourth ; C. 
 M. Ford, from the fifth ; S. A. H. McKim, from the sixth ; 
 J. E. Morgan, from the seventh ; Grafton Tyler and Louis 
 Mackall, from Georgetown ; and C. H. Nichols, from the 
 Count3^ 
 
 Promptly, November 2ist, Dr. Johnston reported that 
 $16,000 had already been subscribed by sixteen members, 
 and December 5th, that the subscriptions amounted to 
 $33,900. It was now desirable to have a legal opinion as 
 to the purchase and holding of property by the subscribers, 
 and Joseph H. Bradley, Esq., an eminent member of the 
 Washington bar, was consulted. January 22, 1867, he 
 gave a favorable opinion, and January 30th, a committee 
 was appointed, consisting of the President, Dr. Lieber- 
 mann, with Drs. Johnston, Joshua Riley, F. Howard and 
 W. G. H. Newman, to which, February 6th, Dr. J. C. Hall 
 was added, to buy a lot for the proposed building ; they 
 were to raise the funds by getting subscriptions, to be 
 credited to the subscribers in stock, and propose plans for 
 the building and make report to the Society ; and, finally, 
 to report proper regulations for the purchase and holding 
 of stock, and other matters pertaining to the project. 
 
 February 13th, Dr. Johnston reported that a lot had
 
 86 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 been bought at the southwest corner of Tenth and F 
 Streets, N. W. ; 75 feet on F Street and 74 feet on Tenth, 
 for $25,000, $2,000 to be paid in cash, $10,000 in six 
 months, and the remainder at stated periods to be deter- 
 mined. To help matters along, the Society, February 27th, 
 transferred from its treasury $500 to the Treasurer of the 
 " Medical Hall." 
 
 May ist, the President of the Society was authorized to 
 deliver to the Trustees of St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, to 
 which the property belonged, the necessary promissory 
 notes, secured by deed of trust thereon, " purchased by the 
 Society." June 19th, Dr. Riley resigned from the com- 
 mittee, and Dr. L. Mackall was appointed. The building 
 already on the lot was rented at $100 a month, and the 
 money was invested in six per cent, stock. July 24th, the 
 Society ordered $300 more to be transferred to the Treas- 
 urer of the Medical Hall. August 21st, Dr. Hall resigned 
 from the committee, and was succeeded by Dr. Toner. 
 September i8th, the President was authorized to execute 
 the necessary deed of trust to Messrs. A. Thomas Bradley 
 and J. H. Bradley, Jr., to secure the payment of the scrip 
 that had been issued in accordance with the action of the 
 Society of January 30th. 
 
 October 2d, 9th and 23d, a committee was appointed to 
 organize a course of lectures, to be delivered during the 
 winter months, to help raise funds for the hall. The com- 
 mittee, however, failed to meet, and was discharged No- 
 vember 13th. 
 
 January 22, 1868, the Treasurer of the Hall Committee 
 reported that up to January ist, subscriptions had been 
 received amounting to $3,286, rents to $760, and from the 
 Medical Society, $800 ; total, $4,846, and he had given his 
 bond for $5,000. There had been paid : for the purchase 
 of the property, $3,200 ; interest on deferred notes, $788.91 ;
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 87 
 
 tax, $109.57 ; ^^^ stock bearing over 6 per cent, interest, 
 $570 ; fees to notary, and stamps and recording deeds, 
 $96.75; stationery, $40.28, and printing, $12; total, 
 $4,826.76. The stock that had been bought was intended 
 to meet any current demand that might be caused by the 
 death or departure from the city of any subscriber. Feb- 
 ruary 26th, $100 more was appropriated by the Society. 
 
 July 8th, the Hall Committee was authorized to erect a 
 three-story building, and borrow the required amount, not 
 exceeding $6,000, and pay the same with interest from the 
 rents accruing from the building to be erected ; the build- 
 ing to be insured as it progressed ; $300 more was trans- 
 ferred from the Society to the Treasurer of the Hall. 
 August 20th, ground was broken for the building. 
 
 January 6, 1869, the building being nearly completed, 
 it was ordered that Dr. Johnston inaugurate the new hall 
 by an address, and the medical profession of the District, 
 with ladies, be invited to be present. January 20th, it was 
 ordered that thereafter the officers of the Society should 
 occupy seats on the platform ; also that the Treasurer of 
 the Society should pay the current expenses on the prop- 
 erty, including insurance, taxes, the purchase of furniture, 
 fixtures, alterations, repairs and incidental expenses ; and 
 that $150 be transferred to the Hall Committee, making 
 $1,350 in all so transferred. 
 
 January 29th, the hall was inaugurated. Prayer was 
 offered by Rev. Dr. Wm. Pinckney. Address by Dr. W. P. 
 Johnston. The key of the building was given by Dr. 
 Johnston to President Thomas Miller, who in turn gave it 
 to Librarian Toner, who then also made an address. Ad- 
 dresses were also made by Drs. Liebermann, Tyler and 
 A. F. A. King. The benedicj^on was pronounced by Rev. 
 Dr. G. W. Samson. 
 
 June 1 6th, Dr. Johnston stated to the Society that Mr.
 
 88 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 A. T. Bradley, the attorney, had given an opinion that it 
 would be necessary for each member of the Society to hold 
 at least one share of stock in the Medical Hall. This was 
 an unexpected complication. 
 
 The acoustic qualities of the hall were not the best, and 
 November 3d, the Committee on Building was instructed to 
 consult a "scientific" architect about the matter. Another 
 more serious trouble, however, was now at hand. It had 
 become evident that the Society was unable to raise the 
 balance of funds necessary to complete the payments, and 
 therefore could not hold the property. December 15th, 
 the Society ordered that all its right, title and interest in 
 the building should be transferred to three trustees for the 
 benefit of the stockholders ; the money interests of the So- 
 ciety and stockholders, respectively, to be ascertained by 
 two members of the Society, one to report to the Society 
 and the other to the stockholders, with power to select an 
 arbitrator if the two were unable to agree. Dr. Antisell 
 was appointed to represent the Society. 
 
 February 2, 1870, Dr. Liebermann, acting for the Soci- 
 ety, presented the stockholders' bond in regard to the 
 property, which was transferred, not to trustees, as had 
 been proposed, but directly to the stockholders by their 
 request. April 13, 1871, the Society was informed that all 
 matters between it and the stockholders had been adjusted ; 
 and thus ended the first effort to secure a " Medical Hall." 
 
 ANOTHER MEDICAL BUILDING. 
 
 In his Presidential address of December, 1893, Dr. G. 
 Wythe Cook recommended a medical building. March 7, 
 1894, he called the attention of the Society again to the 
 matter, and a committee was appointed, consisting of Drs. 
 Cook, Busey and J. D. Morgan, to consider it. The com-
 
 23
 
 24
 
 DI.STRICT OF COIvUMBIA 89 
 
 mittee reported April 4th, recommending that some plan 
 of organized and concerted effort be effected by which 
 ^30,000 or more could be raised or secured, to be held as a 
 trust fund to be used only for procuring a permanent home 
 and place of meeting. 
 
 The committee advised a joint stock company with a 
 capital of $30,000, with 2,000 shares at $15.00 a share, 
 payable in ten years, in annual installments of not less than 
 $1.50, or in whole or in part at any period of the ten years, 
 at the option of the holder, said shares to be issued only 
 to members of the Society and such other persons as might 
 be approved by a Committee of Finance to be appointed 
 by the Society, and to bear interest, when paid in full, at 
 the rate of two per cent, per annum. The shares to be 
 irredeemable, except at the option of the Society, and not 
 transferable, except with the consent of the Finance Com- 
 mittee, and sold only after the Society relinquished its 
 option to purchase at their market value. In the event of 
 the death of a holder of such shares, the Society would 
 retain the option of purchase at such value as might be 
 agreed upon, or otherwise the estate might dispose of them 
 at its will and pleasure. Failure to pay the annual instal- 
 ment on each share, or to pay in full the par value in ten 
 years from date of issue, should forfeit the said shares to 
 the Society. 
 
 All shares purchased by the Society, or forfeited to it 
 by delinquent holders, should be held by the Society on 
 the same terms and conditions as applied to other shares, 
 until such time as it might choose to cancel such stock, 
 provided such cancellation was not prior to the accumula- 
 tion of $30,000. 
 
 The duty of carrying into operation and the manage- 
 ment of the project should devolve on a committee of 
 finance, to consist of five members of the Society ; the com- 
 mittee should not be subject to change except by death or 
 resignation. Vacancies to be filled by the Society in such 
 manner as it might determine.
 
 90 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 The report was ordered to be printed and distributed to 
 members, April 25th it was adopted, and it was ordered 
 that an attorney be employed to pass upon the legality of 
 the project. A Finance Committee was appointed, May 
 2d— Drs. Busey, G. Wythe Cook, J. D. Morgan, W. W. 
 Johnston and T. N. McLaughlin, October 31st, the com- 
 mittee reported that it had consulted W. E. Edmonston, of 
 the Columbia Title Insurance Company, who had given an 
 opinion that the Society could not legally carry out the 
 project. The committee therefore asked authority to pre- 
 pare a plan for voluntary contributions, and to ask Mr. 
 Edmonston to draft a bill to be presented to Congress, 
 giving the Society authority to raise funds. The report 
 was adopted and authority given. 
 
 February 6, 1895, the Society recommended the efforts 
 of the Building Committee. March 6th, however, the 
 committee reported that the contributions to the building 
 fund were wholly inadequate for the establishment of such 
 a fund, and asked to be discharged. The record does not 
 show what action, if any, was taken, but the matter was 
 dropped. 
 
 PRIZE ESSAYS. 
 
 The first mention of a prize essay in which the Society 
 took part was July 5, 1865, when Dr. Harvey Lindsly of- 
 fered to give annually a prize for the best essay on some 
 medical subject, the title to be selected by the Society, 
 Drs. Antisell, Toner and Lovejoy were appointed a com- 
 mittee to see that essays were duly prepared for the con- 
 sideration of the Society. December 6th, the committee 
 reported, announcing a prize of $50 for the best essay on 
 " Typho-malarial fever in the District and in the adjoining 
 counties of Maryland and Virginia during the previous ten 
 years." The essays were to be sent in by June i, 1866,
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 9 1 
 
 and the award to be made in July. January 17, 1866, a 
 committee was appointed to carry out the wishes of the 
 Society in regard to the award and, January 31st, the time 
 was extended until October ist. Time passed on until 
 May, 1867, when Dr. Antisell reported that no essay had 
 been received. Thus ended the first offer of a prize. 
 
 In his Presidential address, December 19, 1900, Dr. G. 
 N. Acker recommended that a prize be offered yearly on 
 some subject. The recommendation was referred to a com- 
 mittee consisting of Drs. A. F. A. King, T. N. McLaughlin 
 and S. S. Adams. The matter went later to the Execu- 
 tive Committee, which made a favorable report, February 
 19, 1902. The report was adopted, and a printed circular 
 of information was issued.* A number of essays were re- 
 ceived and December 17th, following, the award was made. 
 
 The prize, $250, by private subscription, was given to 
 Dr. F. P. Vale ; his subject was " Concerning Shock, with 
 a contribution to Pathology." Honorable mention was 
 also made of the essay of Dr. J. B. Nichols, on "A study of 
 acute leukemia and the etiology of leukemia." The 
 judges were Drs. R. A. Marmion, U. S. Navy, W. C. Bor- 
 den, U. S. Army, and H. D. Geddings, of the Public Health 
 and Marine Hospital Service. The fund was raised mainly 
 through the efforts of Dr. S. S. Adams ; 25 members gave 
 each $io.oo.t 
 
 THE PHARMACISTS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 The old grievance of physicians against druggists pre- 
 scribing over the counter found its expression March 29, 
 1865, when the Society appointed a committee, consisting 
 
 * See Minutes, pp. 61, 155, and Wash. Med. Anxals, 1902, I, p. 145. 
 
 t The subscriber.s were Dr.s. G. N. Acker, S. S. Adams, E. A. Balloch, J. H. Bryan, G. 
 Wythe Cook, I^. I,. P'riedrich, Franck Hyatt, H. h- E. Johnson, J. Taber Johnson, W. W. 
 Johnston, A. F. A. King, G. M. Kober, T. N. McLaughlin, J. D. Morgan, W.G. Morgan, 
 T. M. Murray, C. W. Richardson, S. O. Richey, T. C. Smith, Z. T. Sowers, W. M. Sprigg, 
 1. S. Stone, W. H. Wilmer, J. T. Winter, W. C. Woodward.
 
 92 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 of Drs. F. Howard, Joshua Riley, Johnson Eliot, J. E. 
 Morgan and S. A. H. McKim, to report some proper means 
 of preventing druggists from prescribing and practicing 
 medicine. Apparently the committee never reported. 
 
 April 7, 1875, ^ letter was read from the National Col- 
 lege of Pharmacy, inviting the cooperation of the Medical 
 Society in a revision of certain formulae for so-called ele- 
 gant preparations. The Society appointed a committee 
 consisting of Drs. J. W. H. Lovejoy, Kleinschmidt, C. W. 
 Franzoni, J. C. Riley and J. E. Morgan. The committee 
 reported, April 14th, that it had met the Pharmacy Com- 
 mittee and the latter had submitted the following as the 
 object of the conference : 
 
 " First. To secure with comparative certainty the fur- 
 nishing to the patient of such medicines and in such doses 
 as the physician wished to administer. 
 
 " Second. To secure uniformity in the vehicles employed 
 in the administration of such medicines, and thus obviate 
 the confusion which must arise so long as the preparations 
 from different manufacturers are dispensed under similar 
 names, and even those from one source often differ mate- 
 rially in color, taste, &c. 
 
 " Third. To do away with the necessity of taxing the 
 public to the extent of a heavy profit for the manufacturers 
 in addition to our own. 
 
 " Fourth. To recognize the fact that the compounding 
 of medicines is the province of the apothecary ; that by 
 forcing him to sell the preparations of third parties, for the 
 correctness of which he has to assume the responsibility 
 without having control over them, thus reducing it to a 
 mere matter of buying and selling, and incompetent parties 
 are induced to engage in the same. 
 
 " We therefore propose to establish formulae for such of 
 the elixirs, etc., as it may be desirable to retain, and a gen- 
 eral formula for a simple elixir, to answer as a vehicle for 
 most of the soluble salts. 
 
 " For this end we would ask your cooperation in select-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 93 
 
 ing and determining such formulae and in using your best 
 endeavors to bring about, as much as possible, a discon- 
 tinuance of the use of the promiscuous preparations now 
 offered by divers manufacturers." 
 
 After a full and free discussion, the following resolution 
 was offered, and unanimously adopted : 
 
 " Resolved^ That the respective committees report to 
 their societies that the joint committee has agreed to 
 recommend the establishment of uniform formulae for elix- 
 irs, etc., for use by the profession of the District of Colum- 
 bia, and the appointment of a joint committee to carry out 
 this object." 
 
 April 27th, the Society reappointed the same committee 
 as a part of the joint committee agreed upon, October 20, 
 1877, the committee from the Society reported that the 
 work had been completed, showed proofs of the printed 
 matter and asked the formal endorsement of the Society, 
 which was given. The title of the book was " Formulary 
 for Non-official Preparations in General Use in the District 
 of Columbia ;" 48 pages. 
 
 In 1897 a bill was introduced into Congress to regulate 
 the practice of pharmacy: Senate Bill 1330. The bill 
 contained some features to which the Committee on Legis- 
 lation of the Medical Society took exception, and April 
 7th, the Society directed the committee to oppose the pas- 
 sage of the bill. 
 
 May 20, 1903, a committee was appointed to confer with 
 the Commissioners of Pharmacy with regard to formulat- 
 ing a new law concerning pharmacy and poisons.* The 
 committee consisted of Drs. Z. T. Sowers, G. L. Magruder, 
 R. Reyburn. T. A. Claytor and N. P. Barnes. 
 
 December i6th, Dr. M. G. Motter stated that a confer- 
 ence had been held by committees from the Medical Soci- 
 
 * See Washington Medical Annals, 1903-4, II, pp. 307, 496.
 
 94 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 ety, Homeopathic Medical Society, National College of 
 Pharmacy, Retail Drug Clerks' Association, Medico-Legal 
 Society, Registered Drug Clerks' Association and the 
 Board of Pharmacy. The result was a bill which had been 
 sent to the District Commissioners. March 2', 1904, the 
 committee on the new pharmacy law reported to the So- 
 ciety that the bill agreed on had been introduced in 
 Congress,* and November 8, 1905, the Society passed a 
 resolution that it would cooperate with the District Com- 
 missioners in securing the passage of the bill.t 
 
 THE ANNIVERSARIES OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 The question as to what time of the year should be cel- 
 ebrated as the anniversary of the formation of the Society 
 was, perhaps, discussed from time to time, but the first 
 record of the question being raised was when Dr. Toner 
 made his anniversary address, September 26, i866.| It will 
 be remembered that this date was that of the preliminary 
 meeting called in 181 7 to consider the formation of the 
 Society. At that meeting a resolution was adopted to the 
 effect that it was " important and expedient to organize at 
 once a society," etc., and apparently it was from this fact 
 that Dr. Toner maintained that that date should be re- 
 garded as the true anniversary ; because, he argued that we 
 celebrate the Fourth of July as Independence Day, although 
 the resolution of the Continental Congress declaring the 
 independence of the Colonies was not engrossed until 
 July 19, and not signed until August 2, 1776. 
 
 September 26, 1867, what might be called a second An- 
 
 • House Bill 11967. introduced February 8th. See W.\sh. Med. Ann.al.s, 1904-5, III, 
 pp. 134. 147. 
 
 t The bill passed and was approved May 7. 1906. See U. S. Statutes, 1905-6, part I, 
 p. 175. 
 
 X "Anniversary address delivered before the Medical Society of the District of Co- 
 lumbia." Published.in 1869, 80 pages.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 95 
 
 niversary celebration took place. The meeting was held 
 at the Columbian Medical College ; there was an address by 
 Dr. W. P. Johnston, followed by a supper. Dr. Noble 
 Young, however, took exception to the date, September 
 26th, and wrote a letter to the Society, August 12, 1868, 
 when another celebration of September 26th was being 
 contemplated ; he maintained that the proper date was 
 that of the final organization of the Society, namely, Jan- 
 uary 5th, and that therefore the next celebration should be 
 January 5, 1869. The Society debated the question, Sep- 
 tember 2, 1868, and decided, by a vote of 9 to 4, that 
 January 5th was the proper date. Those who voted in the 
 affirmative were Drs. S. S. Bond, F. Howard, W. P. Johns- 
 ton, A. F. A. King, C. H. Liebermann, G. R. Miller, J. E. 
 Morgan, C. M. Tree and Noble Young ; in the negative, 
 Drs. J. W. H. Lovejoy, Wm. Marbury, B. Thompson and 
 J. M. Toner. The attendance was too small to decide such 
 a matter. The Society accordingly celebrated January 5, 
 1869 ; the victor in the contest. Noble Young, made the 
 address, and those attending then adjourned to " Harvey's" 
 for supper. 
 
 As a matter of fact, however, January 5th was not al- 
 ways the date afterwards celebrated. It was January 26, 
 1870, when Dr. Lincoln made his address; Dr. Busey 
 made his, January 4, 187 1 ; Dr. Louis Mackall, January 3, 
 1872, at Marini's Hall ; and January 9, 1873, at the same 
 place. Dr. Lovejoy officiated.* 
 
 Then the pendulum swung back to September 26th, for 
 September 26, 1873, ^^e anniversary was held at Marini's, 
 and Dr. D. R. Hagner made the address ; September 26, 
 1874, at the same place. Dr. W. B. Drinkard was the ora- 
 tor. But the next year, 1875, the date was changed to 
 
 * Marini's Hall was pre\'iously the " Medical Hall."
 
 96 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 November 23d ; the meeting was at the same place, and Dr. 
 W. W. Johnston made the address. 
 
 It is well to note, going back for a moment, that January 
 6, 1851, Dr. Grafton Tyler was elected to deliver an annual 
 address, and this must have been an anniversary address, 
 because Dr. William Jones was President at that time, and 
 the address was made January 5, 1852 ; and Dr. Tyler was 
 elected to make the address again the next year, Dr. Jones 
 still being President. 
 
 September 26, 1876, Dr. Antisell was the orator at Ma- 
 rini's Hall ; December 20, 1877, Dr. A. Y. P. Garnett, at 
 Marini's; December 28, 1878, Dr. A. F. A. King, at Tal- 
 madge Hall; November 26, 1879, Dr. Reyburn, at Gonzaga 
 Hall; December 8, 1880, Dr. S. A. H. McKim, at the 
 same place.* 
 
 With this date the anniversary celebrations ceased until 
 February 16, 1894, when the 75th anniversary was cele- 
 brated, A full account of the events leading up to it, and 
 the program as carried out, was published by the Society, 
 under the title " Transactions and Proceedings of the 75th 
 Anniversary of the Medical Society of the District of Co- 
 lumbia ;" 108 pages. The story is briefly as follows : 
 April 5, 1893, Dr. C. H. Stowell called the attention of the 
 Society to the fact that February 16, 1894, would be the 
 75th anniversary (/. ^,, of the approval of the first charter). 
 A committee was appointed to consider the propriety of 
 celebrating it : Drs. Busey, Stowell and T. C. Smith. The 
 committee reported favorably, and was enlarged by the 
 addition of Drs. T. E. McArdle and S. S. Adams to pre- 
 pare a program. This committee reported the program 
 May loth, and was again enlarged by adding Drs. G. C. Ober 
 and A. A. Snyder to form a committee of arrangements. 
 
 ♦The titles of the anniversary essays up to 1878 were published in the National Med- 
 ico! Review for 1878-9, I, p. 64.
 
 EDWARD DE WELDErS BRENEMAN: 
 
 DAVID PHILIP WOLHAUPTER 
 
 25
 
 26
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 97 
 
 The committee reported details May 24th and again No- 
 vember 29th, and January 17 and February 7, 1894. The 
 celebration was held February i6th, and on the 21st the 
 Society adopted appropriate resolutions. 
 
 The program was opened with an address by Dr. Busey, 
 who wa President of the Society at the time ; Dr. W. W. 
 Johnston followed with a "History of the Medical Society ;" 
 Dr. J. Ford Thompson came next with a " History of the 
 Hospitals of the District of Columbia;" and Dr. T. C. 
 Smith concluded with the " History of the Medical Col- 
 leges of the District of Columbia." The meeting then 
 adjourned to The Arlington, where a banquet was served, 
 with appropriate toasts. 
 
 PORTRAITS OF MEMBERS. 
 
 As early as 1866 the Society undertook to secure the 
 portraits, or copies of them, of deceased members and, inci- 
 dentally, of members still living. February 7th of that 
 year, on motion of Dr. Toner, it was ordered that portraits 
 of deceased members, to be hung up in the room of the 
 Society, be requested from their families. April 4th, the 
 )ortrait of Dr. B. S. Bohrer was received, and May 9th, 
 bat of one of the Worthingtons. December 9th, a com- 
 nittee was appointed — Drs. W. P. Johnston, F. Howard 
 and A. F. A. King — to inquire into and report the best 
 manner in which to frame these portraits. The committee 
 -ep rted, recommending a mounting costing $16.00 apiece. 
 Of course, for only two portraits, this sum was not so large, 
 but for a large number of portraits it would have been too 
 much. 
 
 January 30, 1867, the committee was authorized to ob- 
 tain the portraits of other deceased members, but at an 
 expense as low as possible. April 24th, Dr. Thomas Miller 
 
 7
 
 q8 medical society 
 
 gave his photograph to the Society. The portrait of Dr. S. 
 C. Smoot was received, but July 17th, Dr. Mack all reported 
 that the photographer had lost it. Whether it was ever 
 again found does not appear. February 19, 1873, the 
 photograph of Dr. R. K. Stone was received. Dr. Stone 
 had died the year before. June 7, 1882, the Secretary was 
 requested to ascertain the names of all those members who, 
 according to the rule adopted by the Society, might be re- 
 quested to furnish their pictures for the Society rooms. 
 There is no mention of any report in regard to the matter. 
 
 February i, 1905, Dr. A. L. Stavely presented to the 
 Society a photograph of Dr. Chas. Worthington, that had 
 been made from an oil painting that was afterwafd burned 
 in the " Knox" fire ; the photograph was made by a grand- 
 daughter of Dr. Worthington, a Miss E. W. Trescott, of 
 Washington. 
 
 The Historical Committee, February 7, 1906, sent out a 
 circular letter to all living members, and to many 
 persons not members, asking for photographs of members, 
 both of those living and those deceased. It was the inten- 
 tion of the committee to assemble the photographs in al- 
 bums as a permanent record, but it was afterward thought 
 best to have them reproduced in half-tone for publication 
 in the " History." 
 
 INVESTMENTS. 
 
 The charter of the Society limits its investments to 
 what would bring an income of no more than $6,000 a 
 year. As a matter of fact, it does not appear that it was 
 ever contemplated by the Society as a body to do more 
 than simply assess the members enough to pay the current 
 expenses. At first a portion of the balance remaining from 
 actual expenses was devoted to increasing the library ; but 
 this expenditure did not long continue. In 1866 the So-
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 99 
 
 ciety had some surplus, namely, $400, which was ordered 
 to be invested in stock bearing dividends at 6 or 7 per 
 cent. The Treasurer invested it in United States 7-30S, 
 which, being- at a premium, gave a return of $421, March 
 13, 1867, when the bonds were sold to help pay subsrcrip- 
 tion to the " Medical Hall." The Society subscribed alto- 
 gether $1,350 to this project. 
 
 July 14, 1892, the Treasurer was directed to deposit all 
 moneys in the Washington Loan and Trust Company, 
 which paid a small interest on deposits. April i, 1896, 
 he was instructed to invest $1,000 at five and a half per 
 cent, with real estate security, with the American Secur- 
 ity and Trust Company, of Washington. November 10, 
 1897, the period of investment having expired, it was or- 
 dered to be renewed. 
 
 THE SOCIETY AND MEDICAL HISTORY AND STATISTICS. 
 
 June 12, 1867, it was ordered, on motion of Dr. Toner, 
 that a standing committee be appointed, 
 
 " To consist of one member from each ward, two from 
 Georgetown and one from the county, to be known as the 
 Committee on History and Statistics of the Medical Society 
 of the District of Columbia, whose duty it shall be to col- 
 lect and keep a record of all important facts, occurrences 
 of interest to the medical profession and, particularly, to 
 collect statistics of the frequency and prevalence of par- 
 ticular diseases, throughout the year, and of surgical oper- 
 ations and their results." 
 
 The committee was appointed March 24, 1869, and dis- 
 charged May 12, 1869, apparently not having done any- 
 thing. 
 
 January 25, 1871, the following resolution was adopted :
 
 lOO MEDIC AI. SOCIKTY 
 
 " That a committee be appointed at the first meeting in 
 January (or as soon thereafter as practicable) to be called 
 the Committee on the Medical Constitution of the District, 
 to consist of six members ; the committee to be divided 
 into three sub-committees, respectively, on Meteorology, 
 Endemics and Epidemics, and Medical Statistics, each sub- 
 committee to submit a quarterly report to be embodied in 
 the general report of the committee as a whole ; the latter 
 report to be laid before the Society at the first regular 
 meeting in January, April, July and October. The com- 
 mittee to solicit information from individuals and organ- 
 izations." 
 
 Drs. W. B. Drinkard, T. Antisell, B. F. Craig, W. W. 
 Johnston, J. Ford Thompson and A. F. A. King were the 
 committee. Apparently no report was ever made. 
 
 THE SOCIETY AND COLORED PHYSICIANS. 
 
 On the 9th of June, 1869, two colored physicians, Drs. 
 C. B. Purvis and A. T. Augusta, were proposed for mem- 
 bership in the Society. At the next meeting, June i6th, 
 they were reported as eligible. They failed, however, to 
 receive the requisite number of votes to elect them. June 
 23d, another colored physician, Dr. A. W. Tucker, was 
 proposed ; on the 30th he was reported as eligible, but 
 failed of election. 
 
 No further effort toward membership on the part of col- 
 ored physicians was made till January 6, 1891, when Dr. 
 J. F. Shadd was nominated. April ist, the date of election, 
 the vote was 16 to t^j^ a little less than one-third. No 
 colored physician has since applied. 
 
 1869 TO 1872. 
 
 So many years, the life, indeed, of one generation, have 
 passed away since the trouble of 1869 to 1872, that few of 
 the present members of the Society have any recollection
 
 DISTRICT OF COIA'MBIA lOI 
 
 of it. The story, even now, is painful to tell, although the 
 intense partisanship of that time has long since faded away. 
 
 The complete record of the trouble can be found in the 
 minutes of the Society of those years, especially June 15, 
 1870 ; in Volumes XXI and XXIII, 1870 and 1872, Trans- 
 actions A))ierica7i Medical Associatio7i ; in the Congress- 
 ional Record of 1869-70; in " Busey's Reminiscences," 
 p. 245 et seq. ; and in the National Medical Journal^ 
 1870-1, Vol. I, pp. 168, 203, 214, 220 and 233. 
 
 Briefly told, the story is as follows: December 9, 1869, 
 Senator Sumner offered the following resolution in the U. S. 
 Senate : 
 
 '■'■Resolved^ That the Committee on the District of Co- 
 lumbia be directed to consider the expediency of repealing 
 the charter of the Medical Society of the District of Co- 
 lumbia, and of such other legislation as may be necessary 
 in order to secure for medical practitioners in the District of 
 Columbia equal rights and opportunities, without distinc- 
 tion of color." 
 
 This resolution was discussed by Senators Sumner, Pat- 
 terson and Norton, and was adopted. The discussion 
 showed that the Society and Association were being con- 
 founded. Mr. Sumner stated that his object was to repeal 
 the charter of the Society and then charter a new Society 
 that should be founded on republican principles. He men- 
 tioned the rejection of colored physicians by the Society, 
 and the difficulty they had in securing consultations. 
 
 December 29th, the Medical Society appointed a com- 
 mittee, consisting of all its officers and three other mem- 
 bers, to represent the Society before Congress in a way 
 deemed most expedient by said committee, having in view, 
 especially, the action of the United States Senate. At the 
 same meeting it was ordered that, as it was possible that 
 the charter might be repealed, all moneys due the Society,
 
 I02 MEDICAT< SOCIETY 
 
 all moneys in hand and all property should be delivered to 
 Trustees, the money to be invested in the purchase of 
 books for a medical library, and the other property to be 
 held in trust. Drs. S. C. Busey, L. Mackall, J. M. Toner, 
 J. W. H. Lovejoy and W. B. Drinkard were made the 
 Trustees. 
 
 At the meeting January 12, 1870, Drs. Lovejoy, Toner 
 and Liebermann were appointed a committee to draft a 
 statement of facts, explaining the status of the Society with 
 reference to the proposed action of Congress for the repeal 
 of its charter. This committee made an appropriate re- 
 port, which was adopted and ordered to be published.* 
 
 February 8th, Senator Sumner from the District Com- 
 mittee reported a bill (Senate Bill, No. 511) repealing the 
 charter of the Society ; it was read twice and ordered to be 
 printed. February i6th, the Congressional Committee of 
 the Society reported that the whole matter had been laid 
 before the Senate Committee, and it was believed that 
 Senators Patterson and Hamlin correctly understood it. 
 March 2d, the Society appointed a committee — Drs. Wm. 
 Marbury, C. M. Tree and T. Purringtou — to take an inventory 
 of its personal property, and the Treasurer was instructed 
 to transfer to the trustees the property' embraced in the 
 deed of trust which had been executed under the resolution 
 of January 12th. 
 
 March 4th, the repeal bill was called up in the Senate, 
 but, after some debate, was passed over. It was again called 
 up April 22d, and again passed over. 
 
 The trouble was taken to the American IMedical Asso- 
 ciation, which met in Washington May 3 to 6, 1870. The 
 majority of the local committee of arrangements made a 
 report to the Association, which contained a list of mem- 
 bers of the Medical Society entitled to sit as delegates ; 
 
 * The report was an appeal to Congress. See Busey's " Reminiscences, " p. 247.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IO3 
 
 there was also a minority report that objected to some 
 names in the majority report and recommended others. 
 Both reports were referred to the Committee on Ethics, of 
 the Association ; a majority of this committee reported 
 favoring the report of the majority of the committee of 
 arrangements, and the Association approved the same. 
 
 June loth, the repealing bill was again called up in the 
 U. S. Senate and again passed over. February 8, 1871, it 
 was again called up and passed over. That night the So- 
 ciety appointed its President and two Vice Presidents a 
 committee to look after the interests of the Society before 
 Congress. February 15th, the committee reported that 
 there was no likelihood of action being taken on the bill 
 at that session of Congress. 
 
 Apparently the matter received no further notice from 
 the Senate ; but December iSth, a bill repealing the charter 
 (House Bill, No. 733) was introduced into the House and 
 referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 
 The Society took notice of it January 24, 1872, appointing 
 a committee, consisting of the President, Vice Presidents 
 and Drs. Toner and Lovejoy, to protest against the repeal. 
 The Committee of the House of Representatives, however, 
 never reported. 
 
 At the meeting of the American Medical Association, at 
 San Francisco, in 1871, Dr. Toner was the only accredited 
 delegate from the District, and the question of the Dis- 
 trict's representation does not appear to have been raised. 
 But at the meeting in Philadelphia, May 7 to 10, 1872, it 
 came up and was decided favorably to the Medical Society. 
 
 September 29, 1886, Dr. Busey recalled how, in 1870, 
 the Society, apprehending some danger of abrogation of its 
 charter, had transferred to a board of trustees all its prop- 
 erty, consisting of furniture, library and money on hand, 
 to be held in trust for the Society. The furniture and
 
 I04 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 library, however, had always remained in possession of the 
 Society, and were continuously used. Several meetings of 
 the Board were held, and Dr. Busey was elected chairman. 
 No meetings had been held since 1871. In 1872 or 1873 
 Dr. Busey had made a report to the Society. ■ Since that 
 time he had been in possession of the money, but had for- 
 gotten all about the matter until June, 1886, and it was 
 only September 29th that he had been able to find the 
 record of the transactions. [He then read the minutes of 
 the several meetings of the Board.] 
 
 The Society appointed a committee, consisting of the 
 President, Secretary and Treasurer, to investigate the mat- 
 ter and report some way in which the trustees might be 
 discharged from the trust. The committee reported Octo- 
 ber 27th, reciting the history of the matter from the be- 
 ginning. The trustees had expended $5.75, leaving a 
 balance of $195.25. The committee recommended that as 
 the need for the trustees had pas.sed and they wanted to be 
 released, the Society release them and their representatives 
 of all their obligations. The recommendation and report 
 were adopted. But November 24th, Dr. Busey stated that 
 the action of the Society had been pronounced by an attor- 
 ney insufficient, and he offered a preamble and resolution 
 [these are not given] providing for the reconveyance of 
 the property in their hands to the Society. These were 
 adopted by the Society. 
 
 April 9, 1890, the attention of the Society was called to 
 the fact that Senator Dolph had introduced in the Senate 
 a bill to repeal the charter of the Society. The Secretary 
 of the Society was directed to ascertain the facts. April 
 i6th he presented a copy of the bill, which read as follows: 
 
 "A bill to amend an act entitled 'An act to revive with 
 amendments an act to incorporate the Medical Society of 
 the District of Columbia, approved July 7, 1838 :' Be it
 
 27
 
 28
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA IO5 
 
 enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
 United States of America in Cojtgress assembled^ That the 
 act entitled 'An act to revive with amendments an act to 
 incorporate the Medical Society of the District of Colum- 
 bia, approved July 7, 1838,' be amended by striking- out 
 sections 3 and 5, the first eight lines, and first three words 
 of the ninth line, counting from the top, of section 4, also 
 the last seventeen lines of section 6, beginning with the 
 words 10 'and provided also.' " 
 
 This bill was referred by the Society to the special com- 
 mittee on legislation. 
 
 The matter seems to have drifted along until April 12, 
 1892, when the Senate passed a resolution instructing the 
 District Commissioners to inquire into and report whether 
 the Medical Society admitted colored physicians to mem- 
 bership, or physicians who were or had been teachers in 
 Howard University. After investigation, the Senate com- 
 mittee reported, July 22d, that the Society did " not admit 
 to membership colored physicians, however reputable or 
 well qualified they might be, and that as regards teachers 
 in the medical school of Howard University, in some cases 
 they were admitted and in others rejected." 
 
 This apparently disposed of the whole matter. No 
 further action was taken. 
 
 THE SOCIETY AND THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF THE 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.* 
 
 The necessity for a Health Officer or Board of Health 
 to look after the sanitary needs of the District, was realized 
 at an early date in the history of the District, but a num- 
 ber of years elapsed before such an officer or board was 
 appointed. According to Dr. Toner,t it was mainly through 
 
 * This article was partly prepared by Dr. W. C. Woodward, from the records of the 
 Health Department, D. C. 
 t Oration, p, 76.
 
 I06 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 the efforts of Dr. Henry Huntt, a member of the Society, 
 that the Common Council and Board of Aldermen of 
 Washington passed "An act to provide for the appoint- 
 ment of a Health Officer for the City of Washington," an 
 Act approved by Mayor Samuel N, Smallwood, August 14, 
 1 819. The text of this Act may be found, among a num- 
 ber of authorities, in the S. S. Adams Presidential address 
 to the Society, December 17, 1902, entitled "Achievements 
 of the conservators of the public health of the City of 
 Washington during fifty years, 1819-1869."* 
 
 The first section of the Act provided that the Mayor, 
 with the concurrence of the Board of Aldermen, should 
 appoint a " discreet and prudent citizen, being a member 
 of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, to be 
 Health Officer of the City of Washington." The Act then 
 went on to recite the duties of this officer. By this Act, 
 therefore, the IMedical Society became directly interested 
 in the office and the officer. 
 
 Four days after the approval. Dr. Henry Huntt was ap- 
 pointed Health Officer, and no doubt the influence of the 
 Society was exerted, and effectually so, thereafter in shap- 
 ing the sanitary legislation of the city. 
 
 For reasons which do not now appear the Common 
 Council and Board of Aldermen passed a new law, that 
 was approved by Mayor Smallwood, March 30, 1822, cre- 
 ating a " Board of Health," composed of one physician and 
 one citizen not a physician, from each ward, and the physi- 
 cian attending the Washington Asylum. The first Board 
 appointed (April 10, 1822) comprised, as physicians, Drs. 
 Sim, Huntt, Sewall, Fred. May, Richmond Johnson, Ham- 
 ilton and McWilliams — the last was the physician to 
 the Washington Asylum. Dr. May was elected President, 
 but declined, and Dr. Huntt was then elected and served 
 
 'Published as a Senate Document. 
 
 J
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IO7 
 
 as such until 1833, when he resigned and Dr, Causin was 
 elected President. 
 
 November 24, 1836, the Board of Health appointed a 
 committee to memorialize Congress upon the subject of 
 establishing an Insane Asylum and a National Hospital in 
 Washington, and Drs. Young and Lindsly, who were mem- 
 bers of the Board and also of the Society, were appointed 
 by the Board a committee to present the matter to the 
 Medical Society, and ask its concurrence and aid. Dr. 
 Adams states* that the subject was presented to the Soci- 
 ety, but was unceremoniously laid on the table, where it 
 remained. The minutes of the Society for that period are 
 not now in existence. 
 
 It may be mentioned here that the city of Georgetown 
 had its own Board of Health, and by Sec. 10 of an Act of 
 Congress, March 3, 1863, the "Levy Court" was given full 
 power to make sanitary rules and regulations in the county^ 
 abate nuisances, &c. This court was composed of nine 
 members, three from Washington, one from Georgetown 
 and five from the County, appointed by the President of 
 the United States and confirmed by the Senate. 
 
 As early as January 7, 1850, the Society appointed a 
 committee, consisting of Drs. H. Lind.sly, W. P. Johnston 
 and J. C. Hall, to inquire into the expediency of establish- 
 ing among the profession some system by which a more 
 perfect registration of births and deaths might be effected. 
 February 4th, the Society adopted a resolution approving 
 the measure for procuring a registration of births which 
 the Board of Health had adopted, and earnestly recom- 
 mending the members of the Society to comply with the 
 requirements of the same, so far as was compatible with 
 professional confidence and a due regard to the feelings 
 of patients. 
 
 • Ibid., p. 25.
 
 I08 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 In 1866 the Board of Health of Washington, because of 
 the unsatisfactory results of its efforts to secure a complete 
 registration of deaths, appointed a committee to consider 
 the subject, and September 17th, the committee submitted 
 a report, recommending that the Mayor be requested to 
 recommend to the city Councils the adoption of an ordi- 
 nance which the committee had prepared. The Board 
 adopted the report. The proposed ordinance required the 
 attending physician to sign the death certificate in each 
 case of death, whereas previously he had simply been re- 
 quested \.o do so ; and certificates could also be signed by cler- 
 gymen, members of the family of the deceased, and, indeed, 
 by any respectable citizen. This action of the Board was 
 communicated to the Medical Society, September 19th, 
 and the Society passed an order requesting its members to 
 oppose the passage of such a law. The law failed to pass, 
 probably because of this opposition. 
 
 October 16, 1866, pursuant to a call, a few members of the 
 Board of Health met, formed a temporary organization by 
 calling Mr. M. G. Emery to the chair, and adjourned for 
 one week, at the expiration of which time the Board was 
 formally organized. November 9th, a resolution was 
 adopted requiring physicians or midwives and certain other 
 persons to report births to the Secretary of the Board of 
 Health within a specified time, under a penalty of ten 
 dollars. At the same meeting a resolution was adopted 
 requiring all physicians, as well as undertakers, to keep on 
 hand blank death certificates. The plan adopted by the 
 Board for the registration of births does not appear to have 
 given satisfactory results, for at the meeting of the Board 
 November 19th, a request was made of the Boards of h\- 
 dermen and Common Council to enact into law the bill 
 previously presented to the Board, referring principally to 
 the ordinance enacted by the Board at its previous meeting. 
 
 April 29, 1868, the Medical Society appointed a com-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA lOQ 
 
 niittee, consisting of Drs. Lindsly, Tyler and D. R. Hagner, 
 to apply to Congress for an act to establish a Commission 
 of Health in the " District of Columbia." 
 
 The subject of reporting deaths seems to have been fre- 
 quently before the Board of Health, because the minutes 
 of the Board show that February i8, 1869, a resolution was 
 introduced in regard to registration of deaths before burial. 
 Up to that time such deaths had been registered by the 
 superintendents of cemeteries after burial. The resolution 
 was referred to a committee that reported one month later, 
 but the nature of the report and the action of the Board 
 thereon are not recorded. April ist, the Undertakers' 
 Protective Association protested that it was impossible for 
 them to carry out the suggestions of the Board as to fur- 
 nishing correct lists of burials, because some physicians 
 refused to give the necessary information. Apparently the 
 Board took no action on this. August 26th, the Board 
 approved a draft of a new law for the registration of births, 
 and instructed the Secretary to request of the Boards of 
 Aldermen and Common Council their immediate action. 
 By this bill the attending physician was made responsible 
 for immediate report. What these legislative bodies did, 
 however, does not appear. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board, October 21st, Mr. J. C. 
 Willard moved that a committee be appointed to draft 
 a bill to establish a Metropolitan Board of Health ; the 
 motion was carried. Apparently, however, no bill was re- 
 ported. 
 
 August 17, 1870, the committee of the Board on Burial 
 Grounds and Registration was instructed to prepare a plan 
 more effectually to secure a cumplete registration of births. 
 
 Apparently the Board of Health had no meeting between 
 September 13th and October 4th. On the latter date 
 the Board received an opinion from the Corporation Attor- 
 ney relative to the powers of the Board. What the opin-
 
 no MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 ion was is not stated. A committee was appointed to call 
 on the Mayor and ascertain why the requests of the Board 
 had not been complied with. This was the last meeting 
 of the Board of Health of the City of Washington. 
 
 By act of Congress, 1871, a Board of Health of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia was created, and under this act a Board 
 was appointed, consisting of Dr. C. C. Cox, John Marbury, 
 John AI. Langston, Dr. Tullio S. \'erdi and H. A. Wil- 
 lard. The Board organized at a meeting held April 13, 
 187 1, by electing Dr. Cox President, Dr. Verdi Secretary, 
 and Mr. Willard Treasurer. Dr. Verdi was subsequently 
 appointed Health Officer, and Mr. Willard having resigned, 
 Dr. D. W. Bliss was appointed in his place. Dr. Cox, 
 however, was not a member of the Medical Society ; Dr. 
 Bliss was not in good standing in the Society, and Dr. 
 Verdi was a homeopathic practitioner. April 26th, a com- 
 mittee, consisting of Drs. Antisell, Lincoln and Busey, 
 was appointed by the Medical Society to inquire into and 
 report upon the condition of the Health Department. 
 This committee was discharged May 3d, and a new one was 
 appointed — Drs. Lincoln, Miller and Marbury. This com- 
 mittee also appears to have been unsatisfactory, for May 
 23d, Drs. Lovejoy, D.R.Hagner and Marbury were appoint- 
 ed to inquire into the constitution and action of the Board of 
 Health. May 31st, the committee reported and was dis- 
 charged. Drs. Hagner, Lovejoy and Johnston were ap- 
 pointed a committee to have the report printed and sent to 
 all the medical journals and societies in the country. The 
 memorial was as follows : 
 
 '•'•Memorial of the Medical Profession of the District of 
 Columbia to the Legislative Assembly .• 
 
 "The undersigned, regular practitioners of medicine in 
 the District of Columbia, respectfully represent to your 
 honorable bodies that the new code of laws adopted by
 
 DI.STRICT OF COLUMBIA III 
 
 the Board of Health is of such a nature as to destroy, not 
 only the privacy of the domestic household and the sacred 
 relations existing between the physician and his patient, 
 but is also a great act of injustice to the whole medical 
 profession of the District. 
 
 "The law of Congress creating the Board of Health is 
 as follows : 
 
 " ' Sec. 26. That there shall be appointed by the Presi- 
 dent of the United States, by and with the advice and con- 
 sent of the Senate, a Board of Health for the said District, 
 to consist of five persons, whose duty shall be to declare 
 what shall be deemed nuisances injurious to the health, 
 and to provide for the removal thereof ; to make and en- 
 force regulations to prevent domestic animals from running 
 at large in the cities of Washington and Georgetown ; to 
 prevent the sale of unwholesome food in said cities, and to 
 perform such other duties as shall be imposed upon said 
 Board by the Legislative Assembly.' 
 
 " In reading this law it will be seen that the duties of 
 this Board are : First, to declare what shall be deemed 
 nuisances injurious to health, and to provide for their re- 
 moval ; Second, the prevention of domestic animals from 
 running at large ; and, Third, to prevent the sale of un- 
 wholesome food. These are all the duties assigned to said 
 Board by Congress ; no other powers can they assume, 
 unless, as the law finally and emphatically states, ' To per- 
 form such other duties as shall be imposed upon said Board 
 by the Legislative Assembly.' 
 
 "As no other duties have been imposed by the Legisla- 
 tive Assembly, your petitioners would most respectfully 
 represent to your honorable bodies, that the powers as 
 named by the Board, in the published code of laws, are 
 not within their jurisdiction and militate most seriously 
 against the interest and standing of the medical profession 
 of this District, and are an infringement of the rights of 
 every citizen. In regard to the final clause of the law of 
 Congress, it is almost impossible for the Legislative As- 
 sembly to specify any other duties for the Board to per- 
 form, as already those assumed by it are so extensive and
 
 112 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 herculean in their character that it would take an army of 
 assistants to execute them. 
 
 " The code of laws adopted by the Board of Health, of 
 which Dr. C. C. Cox is chairman, declares that Tullio S. 
 Verdi shall be the Health Officer and specifies certain 
 duties that he had to perform, which none other than a 
 medical man can discharge. Your petitioners respectfully 
 represent that the said Verdi is not a regular practitioner 
 of medicine, nor recognized as such by the American Med- 
 ical Association, the representative body of the medical 
 profession of the country ; that no health officer of any city 
 in the United States has ever yet been appointed who 
 was not a regular practitioner of medicine, and therefore 
 able to confer and advise with his medical brethren in re- 
 gard to all hygienic rules that should be adopted for the 
 safety and security of the public weal. 
 
 " The inspection of hospitals, all now under the control 
 and management of regular practitioners, by the rules of 
 this code is to be made by this Health Officer, and the 
 existence of any infectious disease must be reported to him 
 in twenty-four hours. 
 
 " The same section of the code. No. 46, also requires 
 that every physician shall report to the sanitary superin- 
 tendent or health officer every person having a contagious 
 or infectious disease whom he has seen and prescribed for 
 within forty-eight hours. It necessarily follows that the 
 Board intends every case of measles, whooping-cough, 
 mumps or scarlet fever occurring in the practice of a physi- 
 cian to be reported within forty-eight hours. It would be 
 an onerous and almost impossible task, and the only result 
 would be to keep the community in a constant state of 
 alarm and anxiety, to frighten away all strangers from our 
 midst, without any advantage to science or to the public. 
 
 " In the classification of diseases, scarlet fever, measles, 
 yellow fever, typhoid and typhus fevers are considered in- 
 fectious, actual contact being necessary for their propaga- 
 tion. Smallpox is considered by man}^ both contagious 
 and infectious, while venereal, itch and certain other skin 
 diseases are purely contagious. According to the proposed 
 law, the names and residences of all those suffering from
 
 CHAS. FRAMKLIN RAND 
 
 J^yc! f^,. f«. 
 
 29
 
 4
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA II3 
 
 these latter diseases are to be reported to the sanitary su- 
 perintendent, or health officer, within forty-eight hours. 
 
 " In regard to hospitals, if this code is adopted the health 
 officer will have the right to enter any hospital within the 
 District, and require the physicians and surgeons in attend- 
 ance to adopt his plans and ideas for ventilation and all 
 other hygienic measures which in his judgment may seem 
 best, however inconsistent they may be with the views of 
 the medical men in charge. 
 
 "The regular medical profession of the District includes 
 over 150 members; the homeopaths, hydropaths and herb 
 doctors hardly a dozen in all. Of the class of men who 
 compose the former we will leave your honorable bodies 
 to judge, of the latter we will say nothing. 
 
 " It will also be seen that the Board of Health is to 
 establish dispensaries, and appoint physicians to attend the 
 poor, etc., all of whom are under the direction of the same 
 health officer. If homeopaths are to hold all the offices 
 they will doubtless discharge their duties to the entire 
 satisfaction of the health officer, but how any regular 
 practitioner of medicine can do so we are unable to under- 
 stand. Such difficulties must arise in every instance where 
 the regular physician and the homeopathic health officer 
 come together, as their ideas of treatment of disease, of 
 the remedies used, as well as the rules of hygiene, are as 
 wide apart as the poles. 
 
 " In conclusion we respectfully request your honorable 
 bodies not to subject the whole profession of the District, 
 the representative of the regular medical practice of the 
 country, to the control of one man who is irregular in 
 practice and not recognized by the American Medical 
 Association." 
 
 Signed by 78 members of the Society and Medical Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 To this memorial the Board of Health made the follow- 
 ing answer, July ist. 
 
 '■'•Resolved^ That the memorialists and protestants mis- 
 represent the Code of Health when they affirm that a pro- 
 vision exists therein requiring any physician to report
 
 114 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 ' all cases of contagious or infectious diseases' to the 
 Health Officer ; that the Health Officer under said Code 
 has the right to enter any hospital and require the physi- 
 cians in attendance to adopt his plans and ideas for ' venti- 
 lation or other hygienic measures ;' or that any possible 
 conflict in regard to dispensaries and physicians to the 
 poor can possibly exist between ' the regular physician and 
 the homeopathic health officer,' no allusion being made 
 in the remotest degree, in any part of said Code, to such 
 'dispensaries' or 'physicians to the poor,' as every citizen 
 may know by reference to the printed message of the Gov- 
 ernor, in which is enclosed the authorized draft of the 
 Code. 
 
 '•'■Resolved^ That the Board of Health has nothing what- 
 ever to do with the profession or occupation of any gen- 
 tleman whom the Executive of the nation has thought 
 proper to designate as a member of the same ; that it does 
 not concern them whether such member belongs to the 
 homeopathic or allopathic school of medicine ; that no 
 principle of practice (which constitutes the difference be- 
 tween the two classes of practitioners) is involved in the 
 operations of the Board ; and that, in their judgment, an 
 educated homeopathic physician is fully as competent to 
 judge of and direct the rules of hygiene as a graduate of 
 any other school of medicine. 
 
 '■''Resolved^ That it is not true, as stated, that a homeo- 
 pathic physician has never been recognized in the organ- 
 ization of any health department, as the sanitary history of 
 many cities of the country abundantly attests ; that 
 the most prominent medical college in Europe, all of 
 whose professors are admitted by these very memorialists 
 and the profession at large, as ' regular' and ' in good 
 standing' includes, and has for years included in its fac- 
 ulty, a professor of homeopathy, thereby creating a direct 
 professional contact and intercourse between the two 
 branches of medical practice. 
 
 '■'•Resolved^ That Dr. Verdi, having received various 
 diplomas and certificates of merit, both from allopathic and 
 homeopathic institutions of credit, and holding, as he does, 
 a high position in this community for intelligence and
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA II 5 
 
 zeal in promoting the interests of the same, is entitled to 
 our confidence, and is a suitable person, in our judgment, to 
 hold a place in the Board of Health ; that the Board regards 
 the assault thus made upon Dr. Verdi as the offspring of 
 personal malignity, of a reckless and disorganizing temper, 
 and not as springing from any honest desire to conserve the 
 public health or promote the welfare of the District. 
 
 ^''Resolved^ That we call upon all citizens who have the 
 good of the District at heart to frown down at once this 
 attempt to subvert the purposes and aims of one of its most 
 useful and self-sacrificing institutions ; an attempt prompt- 
 ed only by prejudice and personal hostility." 
 
 The minutes of the Society do not record any further 
 action in this matter. Apparently the Society and the 
 Board were more or less in harmony thereafter, because no 
 further reference to the Board appears on the minutes. 
 
 The Board of Health ceased to exist in 1878, when it 
 was nominally replaced by a single-headed Department of 
 Health. So far as the records of the Society show, the So- 
 ciety worked in harmony with the Health Officer, taking, 
 however, but little active part in public affairs until Febru- 
 ary 7, 1894, when, on motion of Dr. G. Lloyd Magruder, the 
 Society appointed a committee, consisting of Drs. Magru- 
 der, W. W. Johnston and C. M. Hammett, the last named 
 being then Health Officer of the District, to investigate and 
 report upon the prevalence and cause of typhoid fever in 
 the District. The report of that Committee was submitted 
 to the Society June 6th, and was subsequently printed as a 
 public document, being probably the first report of the 
 kind ever so printed. The action of the Society in the 
 matter has exercised a marked influence on the entire 
 subsequent work of the Health Department and on the re- 
 lations between the Health Department and the Society. 
 Nearly all the important legislation relating to public 
 health in the District of Columbia has been approved by
 
 I l6 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 the Society, which has worked actively to promote its pas- 
 sage. The milk law of 1895 was in fact drafted by the 
 Society. The influence of the Society was probably the 
 movinof cause leading to the establishment of the filtration 
 plant, and determined the character of plant that should be 
 constructed. Other matters, too, owe their present places 
 on the statute books, to a large extent at least, to the stamp 
 of approval that the Society placed upon them. Many of 
 these are treated in other parts of this volume, to which 
 reference should be made for further information concern- 
 ing them. 
 
 It may be added that the change of Health Officer in 
 1894 was brought about through a request from one of 
 the Commissioners of the District to members of the 
 Society, though not the Society itself, to name some one 
 for the office. 
 
 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 
 
 February 3, 1869, a letter to the Evening Star from Dr. 
 Adolph Patze, a member of the Society, was read. It re- 
 lated to a recent arrest for stealing a human body from a 
 cemetery, and suggested the usual legal provisions for ac- 
 quiring bodies for dissection purposes that avoid the neces- 
 sity for such stealing. 
 
 In the discussion that followed Dr. Noble Young called 
 attention to the difficulty of obtaining dissecting material, 
 the opprobrium attached to the way in which it was usu- 
 ally obtained and the indisposition of members of Congress 
 to legalize any method for procuring it. Dr. Liebermann 
 also discussed the wrong and objectionable features of 
 "resurrection," and referred to the laws in Europe govern- 
 ing such matters. 
 
 The letter was referred to a special committee, consisting 
 of Drs. Young, Johnson Eliot, J. Ford Thompson, W. P.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA I I 7 
 
 Johnston and Wm, Marbury, these persons representing 
 the two medical colleges, as well as the Society. May 
 19th, the committee, withont making any report, was dis- 
 charged. 
 
 May 10, 1876, the draft of a bill regulating dissecting 
 material in this District, was presented to the Society ; it 
 originated with the Naval Medical Corps. The Society 
 referred it to a committee — Drs. Busey, W. H. Triplett 
 and J. F. Thompson. Nothing, apparently, was done by 
 the committee, and it does not appear that the subject ever 
 again came before the Society. 
 
 December 8th, the Society ordered that a petition should 
 be presented to Congress in regard to the standing of med- 
 ical officers of the Navy, to be signed by the President 
 and Secretary of the Society, and have the seal of the So- 
 ciety attached. 
 
 In 1870 the Society placed itself on record in regard to 
 the metric system, by instructing its delegates to the Phar- 
 maceutical Convention — Drs. Antisell, Liebermann and B. 
 F. Craig — to recommend the adoption of the metric system. 
 May 12, 1880, however, when the question came up again, 
 the Society decided against any such recommendation. 
 
 HOMEOPATHY. 
 
 When the bill creating the Washington Homeopathic 
 Medical Society was introduced into Congress the matter 
 was brought before the Medical Society of the District of 
 Columbia. A committee was appointed to consider the 
 bill, and was shortly afterward discharged, because, appar- 
 ently, there was nothing for it to do. It seemed useless to 
 oppose the bill, which passed and was approved April 22, 
 1870. Section 4 removed homeopathic practitioners from
 
 Il8 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 examination by the " Board of Examiners," as had been the 
 law under the charter of the Medical Society, and gave 
 the licensing power to the Washington Homeopathic Med- 
 ical Society. 
 
 March i, 1871, a committee of three was appointed by 
 the Medical Society, to which the President of the Society 
 was afterward added, to enquire into and report upon the 
 exclusion of irregular practitioners from the position of 
 examining surgeon in the U. S. Pension Bureau. It was 
 stated that the homeopathic practitioners throughout the 
 country were making an effort to secure such positions; that 
 the Commissioner of Pensions, Dr. J. N. Van Aernam, who 
 was a regular practitioner, had removed all irregulars from 
 such positions ; and that the homeopathic physicians had 
 petitioned the President of the United States and the Sec- 
 retary of the Interior, of which the Pension Bureau was a 
 part, for the removal of the Commissioner of Pensions. 
 
 March 8th, the committee reported, and the report was 
 adopted and ordered printed. The title was " Report of a 
 Special Committee of the Medical Society of the District 
 of Columbia upon the claims of homeopaths and other irreg- 
 ular practitioners for professional recognition in the med- 
 ical service of the U. S. Government ; and the charges 
 brought against the U. S. Commissioner of Army and 
 Navy Pensions, Washington, 187 1." 
 
 It will suffice here to state the conclusions and recom- 
 mendations of the committee : 
 
 " Whereas, The large majority of the present examin- 
 ing surgeons of the Pension Bureau have served in the 
 medical corps of the volunteer forces during the late war; 
 and whereas, none but regular physicians were admitted 
 into that corps of the regular army and navy, and, there- 
 fore, none but regular physicians are provided with the 
 medical experience requisite on examining boards ; there- 
 fore
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA II9 
 
 " Resolved^ That this Society deems the action of the 
 Hon. Commissioner of Pensions, in excluding irregular 
 practitioners from the medical examining boards under 
 that Bureau as made in the best interests of the public ser- 
 vice, thereby leading to uniformity of action, increasing 
 the efficiency of the Bureau and affording to the pensioners 
 the benefit of the most skilled advice ; and it is earnestly 
 hoped that the Government will not in this instance disre- 
 gard the deliberate and expressed conviction of the whole 
 legitimate medical profession of this country by appointing 
 to medical position or office a class of men whose practice 
 is not based on experience and observation, the only true 
 groundwork of medical progress, but upon arbitrary dicta, 
 not verified after nearly a century of trial, and which are 
 wholly opposed to the ordinary exposition of the natural 
 laws of physical science. 
 
 " Resolved^ That a copy of the foregoing resolution be 
 respectfully forwarded to the President of the United States 
 and the Hon. Secretary of the Interior." 
 
 Within the past fifteen years, and especially concerning 
 the District Medical Practice Act, the Society has worked 
 satisfactorily with the Washington Homeopathic Medical 
 Society of the District to secure legislation that would 
 benefit the medical profession and advance the sanitary 
 interests of the District. 
 
 WOMEN PHYSICIANS. 
 
 The first difficulty met with by women who desired to 
 practice in this District was in obtaining a license to 
 practice. Dr. Mary D. Spackman was the first to apply. 
 Her application was addressed to the President of the Medi- 
 cal Society, March 14, 1872. The Society, April loth, 
 ordered that a copy of the charter be sent to her and that 
 she be informed that under the charter she could not be 
 granted a license. The letter was written by the Corres- 
 ponding Secretary, William Lee, April i6th. June 17,
 
 I20 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 1874, it was reported to the Society that the Board of Ex- 
 aminers had likewise refused to grant a license to Dr. 
 Mary A. Parsons. 
 
 This condition of things was, of course, too serious to go 
 on indefinitely, and an effort was therefore made to have 
 the charter of the Society amended in this particular. 
 Congress was appealed to and amended the charter March 
 3d, 1875, changing the word "gentlemen" to "persons." 
 March 17th following, Drs. Spackman and Parsons renewed 
 their applications for license, and of course received them. 
 
 When women physicians first applied for membership in 
 the Society there was opposition, and it was a long time be- 
 fore the first woman member, Dr. Parsons, was elected. De- 
 cember 29, 1876, Dr. Parsons applied, but April 4, 1877, 
 the date of election, she received but 5 affirmative with 18 
 negative votes. She applied again January 7, 1878 ; at the 
 election, April 3d, the report of the Censors was favorable, 
 except that Dr. Busey dissented. She failed of election ; 
 the record does not show the number of ballots. January 
 6, 1879, she again applied, and April 2d, again failed of 
 election; no details are given. In July, 1888, she again 
 applied, and was elected October 3d; the vote was 17 af- 
 firmative, 2 negative. 
 
 July 6, 1 891, Drs. Mary D. Spackman and Amelia Er- 
 bach applied. At the date of election, October 7th, Dr. 
 Spackman was rejected, the vote being 15 to 14. Dr. Er- 
 bach was elected, the vote being 23 to 6. 
 
 After this date the only opposition to the admission of 
 women as members was confined to a few votes, which did 
 not prevent election. April 6, 1892, Drs. Ida J. Heiberger 
 and Jeannette J. Sumner were elected; April 5, 1893, Dr. 
 Mayne M. Pile ; October 3, 1894, Drs. Anne A. Wilson, 
 Anita N. McGee and Nancy D. Richards. In 1896, Drs. 
 Sophie A. NordhofF, Ada R. Thomas, Abbie C. Tyler,
 
 'cr3CZZ]CIZ3CniC3CZ3 
 
 SMITH TOWNSHEND
 
 32
 
 DISTRICT OF COIA^MBIA 121 
 
 Phoebe R. Norris, Susan J. Squire and Adeline E. Port- 
 man. In 1898, Dr. Isabel Haslup. In 1900, Drs. A. 
 Frances Foye and Kathryn Lorigan. In 1901, Dr. E. B. 
 Muncey. In 1902, Drs. M, Louise Strobel and Edith L. 
 Maddren. In 1903, Dr. Laura M. Reville. In 1904, Drs. 
 B. Rosalie Slaughter, B. A. Crush, L. Tayler-Jones, Mary 
 Holmes and Anna Bartsch. In 1906, Dr. Emma L. Erving. 
 In 1907, Dr. E. Corey Starr. In 1908, Dr. Mary O'Malley. 
 January 7, 1901, Dr. Mary Parsons was elected a Vice 
 President of the Society. December 18, 1901, in express- 
 ing her thanks for the election, she stated that she had 
 failed to do so at the time of election because she was so 
 taken by surprise that she did not fully realize what it 
 meant to her. But she had found this out week by week 
 ever afterwards. It meant more to her than it could possi- 
 bly mean to any man, and perhaps more than to any other 
 woman. The year had been the happiest of her profes- 
 sional life. 
 
 CERTIFICATES OF ILLNESS. 
 
 December 4, 1872, Dr. Lovejoy called attention to the 
 fact that he had been required in the case of an employee 
 of a Government Department in Washington to state in 
 the certificate of illness the name of the disease from which 
 the patient suffered, otherwise the clerk would lose his pay 
 for the period of absence. The subject was discussed, and 
 finally the President and the two Vice Presidents were ap- 
 pointed a committee to lay the matter before the Attorney 
 General of the United States for his opinion and decision. 
 January 29, 1873, the committee, having no report to make, 
 was discharged, and the matter was dropped. 
 
 November 10, 1886, Dr. T. C. Smith moved that the 
 President appoint a committee of three to interview the 
 Secretary of the Interior in regard to the order of General 
 J. C. Black, the Commissioner of Pensions, that physicians
 
 122 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 should specify on sick certificates of clerks in the Pension 
 Office the disease for which they were being treated. Dr. 
 Smith had given a certificate to his patient and it was 
 returned with the request that he specify the disease for 
 which it was given. This he refused to do and it was 
 again returned, with the information that unless the dis- 
 ease was specified the man would lose about $40 pay. Dr. 
 Smith had again refused to accede to the request. Dr. T. 
 E. McArdle seconded the motion, and stated that he had 
 attended a clerk in a like position who was liable to lose 
 $150 pay. Dr. Busey hoped that the question would not 
 be pressed, as he thought that it was for the Medical As- 
 sociation of the District to consider all such questions, and 
 moved as a substitute, that the President of the Society 
 request the Medical Association to take up the matter. 
 
 January 31, 1894, the attention of the Society was called 
 to the fact that a recent order of the Secretary of the 
 Treasury appointed a member of the Marine Hospital 
 Service to investigate all cases of illness reported to that 
 ofifice, even when they presented the certificate of a physi- 
 cian. This appeared like an insult to the profession of the 
 District. A committee — Drs. T. E. McArdle, G. N. Acker 
 and G. Wythe Cook — was appointed to inquire into the 
 matter. The committee reported, February 7th, that after 
 consulting the Supervising Surgeon General of the Marine 
 Hospital Service it believed that there was no intention of 
 infringing on the rights of the members of the Society. 
 The report was adopted. 
 
 COMPENSATION TO THE OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 The question of compensation to officers of the Society 
 does not appear to have been raised for very many years ; 
 in fact, until 1865, when Dr. A. F. A. King began to keep 
 a record of the proceedings, the work of the officers appar-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA I 23 
 
 ently was not onerous. But Drs. King and Wm. Lee and 
 afterwards Dr. Kleinschmidt gave much time and labor to 
 the office of Recording Secretary, and while Dr. Klein- 
 schmidt was serving, a resolution was offered, May 13, 1874, 
 to pay him $200 a year ; after discussion the resolution 
 was withdrawn. It was, however, the entering wedge, and 
 January 4, 1875, the Society appropriated $50 to make him 
 a " present." January 27th, the committee charged with 
 procuring the present reported that it had given the " check" 
 to the Secretary. Again, December 2 2d of the same year, 
 the Society appropriated $75 to be given to that officer. 
 January 6, 1879, it was ordered that $25 be paid quarterly, 
 and the same amount was again ordered February 4, 1880. 
 
 In October, 1881, Dr. Kleinschmidt resigned as Record- 
 ing Secretary, and October 19th Dr. J. Ford Thompson 
 moved to cease paying any salary to the member holding 
 that office. The motion was adopted. Dr. T. E. McArdle 
 was elected to the office, and January 2, 1882, Dr. Thomp- 
 son moved that the salary be restored, and it was done. 
 From this time a salary was regularly paid each year. 
 January 2, 1882, Dr. Patze was also given an honorarium 
 of $100 in recognition of his long service as Librarian. 
 
 September 28, 1887, the Society ordered that the com- 
 pensation of the Recording Secretary should be $200 a year. 
 
 January 7, 1889, it was ordered that the compensation of 
 the Treasurer should be $50 a year. January 4, 1897, the 
 compensation was increased to $100, and to $200 January 
 6, 1908. 
 
 January 14, 1891, it was ordered that an appropriation 
 of $25 should be given to the Corresponding Secretary for 
 addressing postal cards. The same was done again Jan- 
 uary 4, 1892. In subsequent years this sum was included 
 and paid as part of the bill annually rendered by the Cor- 
 responding Secretary.
 
 124 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 February 6, 1895, the Society created the office of As- 
 sistant Recording Secretary, and ordered that the compen- 
 sation should be $3 per meeting for active service. 
 
 In 1875, Dr. Busey was elected delegate to the Inter- 
 national Medical Congress held in Philadelphia in Sep- 
 tember, 1876. 
 
 THE NATIONAL SURGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE DISTRICT 
 OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 A bill was introduced in Congress in 1876, to charter 
 a " National Surgical Institute of the District of Colum- 
 bia." March 15th, the matter was brought to the attention 
 of the Medical Society and a committee was appointed, 
 consisting of Drs. W. H. Triplett, J. Ford Thompson, A. 
 Y. P. Garnett, R. Reyburn and S. C. Busey, to oppose the 
 bill. [The same committee was also instructed to oppose 
 another bill which provided for an annual tax of $25 on phy- 
 sicians.] April 29th, Dr. Garnett stated that some mem- 
 bers of Congress were disposed to report favorably on the 
 bill, and the Society therefore ordered copies of the bill to 
 be printed, to which a protest should be added, and the 
 matter brought to the attention of the medical societies 
 throughout the country, with a request for them to use 
 their influence immediately to prevent the passage of the 
 bill. The presidents of scientific and educational institu- 
 tions in the District of Columbia were also asked to assist. 
 
 This Institute was to be a corporation, with a capital of 
 $500,000 — divided into shares of $100 each. Its objects 
 were the treatment of surgical cases, the manufacture and 
 sale of surgical instruments and appliances, the establish- 
 ment of a college of surgery, the teaching of surgery in all 
 its branches and the establishment of a surgical hospital. 
 
 The protest was as follows :
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 1 25 
 
 "7<? the Ho7iorable the Senate and House of Representa- 
 tives of the United States in Congress assembled : The 
 undersigned, the officers and a committee of the Medical 
 Society of the District of Columbia, in pursuance of in- 
 structions of said Society, respectfully protest against the 
 passage of the bill entitled 'A Bill to incorporate the Na- 
 tional Surgical Institute of the District of Columbia,' for 
 the following reasons, to wit : 
 
 " I. There are hospitals providing ample accommoda- 
 tions for the treatment of surgical diseases in successful 
 operation in this District, in which all such diseases as are 
 described in said bill are treated according to the most 
 approved methods ; and if the persons named in said bill 
 are possessed of any special skill, unusual dexterity, or ex- 
 traordinary proficiency in the art and science of surgery, no 
 protection is needed from the National Government to in- 
 sure their success when brought in open competition with 
 others pursuing the same profession. 
 
 " 2. If these gentlemen desire to practice their profession 
 there is nothing to prevent their doing so in this, or any 
 other locality ; but to establish a gigantic corporation of 
 this description is simply using the Congress of the United 
 States for an advertisement, and it would be a wrong upon 
 the profession of medicine to confer special privileges upon 
 any organization of men, or even by implication to ac- 
 knowledge by an act of incorporation that any man or set 
 of men can, or should claim as a vested right, any method 
 of treatment or surgical appliance as his or their exclusive 
 property, with the sole right of use and application. 
 
 " 3. Such an act of incorporation would be simply an 
 instrumentality whereby certain men would become en- 
 riched at the expense of the health and lives of their un- 
 fortunate victims, and would be derogatory to the dignity 
 of the medical profession, detrimental to the interests of 
 the community at large and afford opportunity to charla- 
 tans and unprincipled persons to covertly conceal their 
 blunders under the protecting aegis of an act of incorpora- 
 tion. 
 
 "4. Another provision of said bill authorizes the estab- 
 lishment of a 'school of sureerv for teachine the science
 
 126 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 and practice of surgery in all its branches.' This, in other 
 words, establishes a medical college for the instruction, 
 alone, in one branch of medicine, with the full power to 
 send forth its alumni as competent to practice that one 
 branch, without a full, complete and necessary medical 
 education, thus omitting entirely the usual safeguards and 
 restrictions which have been found necessary to prevent 
 unprincipled men from establishing ' bogus colleges' and 
 selling diplomas to unqualified persons. 
 
 " 5. In conclusion, may we not respectfully inquire if 
 this may not be an effort to commit the Congress of the 
 United States to the exercise of a doubtful power, in estab- 
 lishing an institution which purports to be local in its 
 character, but which may eventually endeavor to extend 
 the operation of its special privileges over the entire coun- 
 try, by virtue of the authority received from the General 
 Government." 
 
 Signed by Drs. N. S. Lincoln, President; C. H. A. 
 Kleinschmidt, Secretary ; A. Y. P. Garnett, J. F. Thomp- 
 son, R. Reyburn, W. H. Triplett and S. C. Busey, Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 The bill failed to pass. 
 
 October 11, 1876, a committee — Drs. A. Y. P. Garnett, S. 
 C. Busey, J. W. H. Lovejoy, R. Reyburn and J. E. Morgan — 
 was appointed, to confer with the Congressional Committee 
 having in charge the framing of a new form of government 
 for the District. January 7, 1878, Drs. J, Ford Thompson, 
 Busey, Lovejoy, N. S. Lincoln, J. M. Toner, T. Antisell 
 and Garnett were appointed a committee to watch over the 
 interests of the profession in the District in the proposed 
 bill. 
 
 February 7, 1877, the President of the Society called 
 attention to the rule requiring officers to occupy seats on 
 the platform ; thereupon the Society rescinded the rule. 
 
 July 2d, Dr. Antisell favored uniting the Medical Soci-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 27 
 
 ety and Medical Association and asking Congress for a new 
 charter, and moved the appointment of a committee to 
 consider the matter. Dr. J. E. Morgan thought that such 
 a movement would get the Society into difficulty with 
 Congress and force persons on the Society whom it did not 
 want. Dr. C. Boyle moved to lay the motion on the table, 
 but as there was no quorum no action was taken. 
 
 July loth, a special meeting was held to contradict in 
 some authoritative way reports throughout the country 
 that there was a severe epidemic in Washington — reports 
 calculated to do harm to the business interests of the city. 
 Drs. Garnett, Lovejoy, D. W. Prentiss, E. M. Schaeffer 
 and Geo. McCoy were appointed a committee to prepare 
 suitable resolutions. The committee reported resolutions, 
 which were adopted, stating that the above-mentioned re- 
 ports were false in every particular and that the health 
 conditions of the city were even better than usual, and re- 
 questing the local press, as well as newspapers elsewhere, 
 to contradict the reports. 
 
 COMPLIMENTARY ACTION OF THE SOCIETY TO CERTAIN 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 March 13, 1878, Dr. Lovejoy called attention to the fact 
 that some members of the Society had been practitioners 
 for fifty years or more, and thought that the Society should 
 take some appropriate action in regard thereto. A com- 
 mittee was appointed to take proper sLeps in that direction, 
 and by vote of the Society the name of Dr. J. B. Blake 
 was included, although he was not then a practitioner of 
 medicine. Drs. Lovejoy, Toner and Mackall were the 
 committee, which reported March 20th, as follows : 
 
 " Whereas, Harvey Lindsly, M. D. ; Jas. C. Hall, M. 
 D. ; Joseph Borrows, M. D., and Noble Young, M. D., 
 members of the Society, whose names appear in the act of
 
 128 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 incorporation reviving the charter of the Society, have now 
 passed through fifty years of continuous practice of medi- 
 cine in this District ; and whereas, these gentlemen have 
 during the whole of this long period retained the respect 
 and esteem of their brethren in the profession and of the 
 community at large, inspiring with each revolving year 
 increasing confidence ; 
 
 " Therefore Resolved^ That this Society takes pleasure 
 in calling the attention of its members to such notable ex- 
 amples of a career passed in the honorable and conscien- 
 tious performance of the duties of life. 
 
 '■''Resolved^ That the Society congratulate the above men- 
 tioned gentlemen upon the completion of half a century of 
 usefulness in the profession and upon the honors and pros- 
 perity to which they have so deservedly attained. 
 
 ^'-Resolved, That the Society trusts that there may be in 
 reserve for them many more years of happiness and useful- 
 ness, and that when in the fulness of time the last claim of 
 nature shall be made, they may each approach the inevit- 
 able hour ' like one who wraps the drapery of his couch 
 about him and lies down to pleasant dreams.' 
 
 " Whereas, John B. Blake, M. D., a member of this 
 Society, whose name appears in the act of incorporation 
 reviving the charter of the Society, has now passed through 
 more than fifty years from the date of his graduation in 
 medicine ; and whereas, Dr. Blake has throughout that 
 long period continued his affiliation with the Society, 
 though many years since it was his choice to retire from 
 the active practice of medicine and engage in other pur- 
 suits in which he has obtained distinction and emolument; 
 
 " Therefore Resolved, That this Society congratulates 
 him upon the completion of more than half a century of 
 connection with the medical profession, and hopes that he 
 may enjoy yet many years as happy and peaceful as his life 
 heretofore has been prosperous and honorable. 
 
 ^''Resolved, That the eminent gentlemen named in the 
 resolutions be requested at their earliest convenience to 
 reduce to form and convey by letter their reminiscences 
 and observations on interestinsf facts in medicine and of
 
 I FREDERICK C. VAN VLIET 
 
 JoY.ce Cnq. Co. £
 
 34
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 1 29 
 
 noted persons and occurrences that may have interested 
 them as practicing physicians at the Capital of our coun- 
 try, to be preserved as a legacy of the Society." 
 
 In reply, the following letters were received : Dr. Blake, 
 March 23d, said that the resolutions were to him a mark 
 of respect to which he had no claim, and were, therefore, 
 the more highly prized. Dr. Hall said, March 22d, that 
 the resolutions were an honor greater than any popular 
 applause and purer than any material success. He stated 
 that he had ever had the most friendly and pleasant rela- 
 tions with his fellow practitioners, and that no personal 
 differences ever interrupted their professional intercourse. 
 Dr. Ivindsly, March 25th, said that the approbation and 
 esteem of his professional brethren he considered the high- 
 est compliment to his character and conduct ; physicians 
 were the best judges of other physicians' merits and defi- 
 ciencies. He had never knowingly violated any rule of 
 medical etiquette or done or said anything to injure a 
 brother. He had the kindest feelings of friendship and 
 respect for every member of the Society. He hoped for 
 harmony among the medical brethren of the District. 
 
 September i8th, Dr. Toner offered a resolution in regard 
 to Dr. Johnson Eliot, who was and had been ill for a long 
 time. The illness was contracted in the discharge of his 
 professional duties. The Society conveyed to him its sym- 
 pathy and its gratification at the news that he was rapidly 
 convalescing. To this Dr. Eliot replied, September 25th, 
 that the action of the Society was quite unexpected but 
 gratifying, and afforded him great consolation in his ill- 
 ness. His ambition had always been to merit the good 
 wishes and esteem of his professional brethren. 
 
 December 13, 1896, the Society adopted the following 
 resolution in regard to Dr. J. H. Mundell :
 
 130 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 " Whereas, Dr. John Hodges Mundell, for many years 
 a member in good standing in this Society, having attained 
 the fiftieth year of his connection with the medical profes- 
 sion, during which period his upright, honorable conduct 
 has won for him the esteem, respect and confidence of his 
 associates ; and the Medical Society desiring to manifest 
 its appreciation of his many eminent qualifications, adopts 
 the following resolution : 
 
 ^'■Resolved^ That the Medical Society extends to Dr. 
 Mundell its warmest congratulations on the occasion of his 
 half-century identification with the medical profession, 
 during which time he has been deservedly honored by his 
 professional brethren because of his high character as a 
 gentleman and physician. He has been faithful to his 
 obligations, has satisfactorily performed the duties imposed 
 upon him by the Society, has earned and retained the good 
 will and confidence of his associates and has lived a life 
 worthy of emulation and commendation. The Society 
 takes pleasure in calling the attention of the profession to 
 the blameless life of our honored and honorable associate, 
 and proffers him the kindest and heartiest wishes for a con- 
 tinuance for many years of his long and useful life and the 
 hope that health and happiness may be his to the end." 
 
 April 6, 1898, the Society adopted the following resolu- 
 tion in regard to the fiftieth anniversary of the graduation 
 of Dr. Busey in medicine :* 
 
 "Whereas, Samuel C. Busey, M. D., LL. D., President 
 of this Society, will in a few days have passed through fifty 
 years in the practice of medicine in this community, during 
 which time he has faithfully served the Society as Presi- 
 dent, Censor, member of important committees and in 
 many other ways, and is now the only practitioner among 
 us who has been in practice so long a period ; that he has 
 always been prompt in maintaining the honor, dignity, 
 rights and interests of the medical profession before Con- 
 gress and the community ; that his services in securing 
 
 * See Trans., 1898, III, p. 79.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA I3I 
 
 needed legislation for the protection of the public from ig- 
 norant and unlicensed practitioners, for the protection of 
 physicians before the courts of law, for the prevention of 
 contagious diseases, and in advocating other measures 
 which he has furthered by his industry and influence, will 
 ever be remembered. Resolved^ That this Society takes 
 pleasure in calling the attention of its members to such a 
 notable example of a career passed in the honorable and 
 conscientious performance of the duties of life." 
 
 January 14, 1903, the Society formally endorsed a pro- 
 posed memorial to Dr. Walter Reed, Surgeon, U. S. Army, 
 Chairman of the U. S. A. Yellow Fever Commission. 
 January 27, 1904, a committee, consisting of Drs. F. S. 
 Nash, G. Wythe Cook and A. F. A. King, was appointed 
 to confer with other similar committees upon the subject 
 of the memorial. May nth, Drs. Cook, D. P. Hickling 
 and E. W. Reisinger were appointed a committee to collect 
 subscriptions. May 25th, the committee reported that it 
 had with other gentlemen incorporated, and had elected a 
 board of managers to collect funds ; of this Board, Pres. 
 Oilman, of Johns Hopkins University, was President, and 
 Dr. Calvin DeWitt, U. S. Army, Secretary. January 16, 
 1907, Dr. Cook made a final report of the moneys collected, 
 and the Society appropriated $500 to the fund, to be added 
 to the collections made by the committee.* It may be 
 mentioned here that an address by Dr. W. C. Borden, 
 U. S. A., before the Society, October 3, 1906, was on the 
 subject " The Walter Reed U. S. Army General Hospital, 
 District of Columbia." 
 
 March 28, 1906, the Society adopted a complimentary 
 resolution to Dr. Louis Mackall, in view of the fact that he 
 had been a member of the Society over fifty years, had 
 been a graduate in medicine fifty-five years and was nearly 
 
 *See Wash. Med. Annals, 1907-8, VI, p. 52.
 
 132 MEDICAL -SOCIETY 
 
 seventy-five years old. A committee — Drs. S. S. Adams, 
 D. S. Lamb and G. Wythe Cook — was appointed to arrange 
 for some further action by the Society. Pending the action 
 of the committee Dr. Mackall died and a memorial meet- 
 ing was held. 
 
 January 16, 1907, the Society adopted a resolution con- 
 gratulating Dr. Wm. A. White, Superintendent of the 
 Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, on the 
 vindication he had received from Congress in regard to his 
 administration of his office. 
 
 February 6th, the Society adopted a resolution congrat- 
 ulating Dr. Robert Reyburn on his attainment of a half 
 century in the practice of medicine. " Deserving and pos- 
 sessing, as he does, the respect, esteem and confidence of 
 the medical profession and the community, the Society 
 expresses its hearty good wishes, with the hope that Dr. 
 Reyburn's life of usefulness may be greatly prolonged." 
 
 February 20th, the Society decided to give an entertain- 
 ment in honor of Dr. J. Ford Thompson, on the attainment 
 of his seventieth birthday and the fiftieth year of his pro- 
 fessional life ; and a committee, to consist of representatives 
 from the institutions with which Dr. Thompson was con- 
 nected, was appointed to arrange the details of the enter- 
 tainment, which was given March 2d, at " Rauscher's."* 
 
 March 20th, on recommendation of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, the Society passed a vote of thanks to Dr. G. 
 Lloyd Magruder " for his excellent work in seeking the 
 source of contamination of the milk supply in the District 
 of Columbia." 
 
 May 13, 1908, the Society congratulated Dr. G. M. 
 Kober on the distinction of having been invited by the 
 President of the United States to address the Conference of 
 Governors on " Public Sanitation." 
 
 * See Annals. VI, 1907, pp. 93 el seg., and 167.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA I33 
 
 March lo, 1909, the Society congratulated Dr. J. T. 
 Howard on his having practiced medicine fifty years and 
 been a member of the Society forty-five years, and on his 
 exemplary character as a practitioner ; and expressed the 
 hope that his useful and honorable life might be prolonged 
 many years. 
 
 March 24th, resolutions were adopted in regard to Dr. 
 Harvey W. Wiley, of the Department of Agriculture, and a 
 member of the Society by invitation, setting forth that he 
 was a man of sterling integrity, courage and persistent 
 justice, an accomplished and skillful chemist ; commending 
 and endorsing his arduous and difficult work in protecting 
 the American people from poisons, impurities and adultera- 
 tions in their foods, drinks and medicinal remedies ; and 
 trusting that his humane efforts would be generously sus- 
 tained by the Government, supported by the cordial sym- 
 pathy of the profession and encouraged by the sincere 
 appreciation of a grateful people. 
 
 February 5, 1879, a committee was appointed — Drs. A. 
 Y. P. Garnett, S. C. Busey, J. M. Toner, J. Eliot, J. Ford 
 Thompson and D. R. Hagner — to represent to Congress the 
 injustice of imposing a license fee on physicians, and to do 
 all in their power to prevent the enactment of the bill. 
 December 17th, the committee was reappointed, and Janu- 
 ary 28, 1880, it reported that the matter had been dropped. 
 
 THE REGULATION OF THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE IN THE 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 October 27, 1880, Dr. Ralph Walsh moved that a com- 
 mittee be appointed to frame a bill to regulate the practice 
 of medicine in the District of Columbia and report to the 
 Society. The discussion on the motion showed that the 
 Society preferred to leave the matter to a general conven- 
 tion of the profession.
 
 134 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 March 12, 1886, a petition was presented to the Soci- 
 ety urging the passage of a bill by Congress to regulate the 
 practice of medicine in the District. It was laid on the 
 table. [No details are given.] 
 
 January 29, 1890, the attention of the Society was called 
 to the fact that a bill had been introduced in the Senate by 
 Senator Ingalls to regulate the practice of medicine in the 
 District. The Society instructed the Board of Examiners 
 to procure a copy of the bill, ascertain its author, examine 
 into its merits, and report. February 5th, the Board re- 
 ported that the bill had been introduced in the Senate 
 January 30th, and the author of the bill was Dr. J. M. Car- 
 roll. The Board also stated its objections to the bill. The 
 subject was discussed and decision postponed. February 
 19th, the report of the Board was adopted and a committee 
 appointed, consisting of Drs. R. T. Edes, J. M. Toner, 
 G. N. Acker, G. Wythe Cook and J. B. Hamilton, to secure 
 the passage of a law to regulate the practice of medicine 
 in the District ; that, if practicable, such a law should be 
 an amendment to the charter of the Society, granting it 
 the power to regulate the practice. The committee reported 
 March 5th, a majority and minority report ; two distinct 
 bills. The question was whether to have a new bill or 
 one that simply amended the charter ; the Society voted 
 for a new bill, which also would amend the charter. 
 Amendments were made and the bill as amended adopted 
 by the Society, March 19th. [The details of the bill are 
 not given.] 
 
 May 28th, the Secretary stated that the subcommittee 
 of the Senate had reported to the Senate the bill originally 
 prepared by Dr. Carroll, with a few alterations. The mat- 
 ter was referred by the Society to the Special Committee 
 on Legislation. June 4th, the Society instructed this com- 
 mittee to ask that the bill be recommitted so that the rep-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 35 
 
 resentatives of the Society might be heard. July 7th, Dr. 
 Edes reported that the committee had failed to have the 
 Senate bill recommitted, but had presented the bill adopted 
 by the Society to the House Committee on the District. 
 
 December 3d, Dr. Edes reported that he had addressed a 
 letter to the House Committee on the District, pointing 
 out the differences between the Senate and Society bills. 
 December loth, a letter was received from Dr. Carroll in 
 regard to his bill and referred to the Committee on Legis- 
 lation. 
 
 January 4, 1892, the Society directed the Board of Exam- 
 iners to prepare a bill to regulate the practice of medicine 
 in the District, to confer with the Homeopathic Medical 
 Society in regard to it, and, after ratification by this Soci- 
 ety, present the bill to Congress and urge its passage. 
 January 20th, the Board reported, and after some discus- 
 sion the report was adopted by the Society and the Board 
 instructed anew to present it to Congress and urge its pas- 
 sage. [See page 19 et seq. of the minutes for text of bill.] 
 February 3d, the Society reconsidered the bill and amend- 
 ed it. 
 
 December 14th, the Board reported that a Senate bill to 
 regulate the practice of medicine had passed two readings, 
 and December 21st, that the bill had passed the Senate. 
 (What the text of this bill was does not appear.) January 
 25, 1893, t^^ Committee on Legislation reported that the 
 " Society's" bill had been introduced into the House of 
 Representatives. 
 
 April 25, 1894, a letter was received from the Chairman 
 of the Committee on Legislation of the Washington Home- 
 opathic Medical Society, desiring to meet a like committee 
 of this Society to consider the necessity for legislation to 
 regulate the practice of medicine in the District ; the letter 
 was referred to the special Committee on Legislation. Dr.
 
 136 MEDICAID SOCIETY 
 
 Busey says, "Annual Addresses," page 46, " that the joint 
 committee failed to agree, and the Society committee on the 
 bill to regulate the practice of medicine in the District 
 reported a bill to the Society, May 23d." The Society or- 
 dered the bill printed [see the minutes for the bill] . June 
 20th, the bill was debated and amended, and as amended, 
 adopted,* A committee was appointed to present the bill 
 to Congress — Drs. Busey, W. W. Johnston, G. Wythe 
 Cook, R. Reyburn, Z. T. Sowers, W. C. Woodward and J. 
 S. McLain. [House Bill 7661, introduced by Mr. Mc- 
 Millin, July 7, 1894.] 
 
 October 31st, the Committee on Legislation recom- 
 mended some changes in the proposed Medical Practice 
 Act ; the changes were adopted by the Society and were 
 embodied in a new bill [House Bill No. 8133, introduced 
 in the House, December loth, by Mr. Heard]. 
 
 December 17th, a bill [House Bill 8229] was introduced 
 by Mr. Blair, giving to the Physio-Medical School of Medi- 
 cine the same rights, etc., in the District as other schools 
 of medicine. It failed to pass. 
 
 January 23, 1895, Senate Bill 2645 was introduced by 
 Senator Teller, and January 31st, Senate Bill 2685 by Sen- 
 ator Harris, to regulate the practice of medicine in the 
 District. February 13th, letters written by President Bu- 
 sey, one to the Chairman of the Senate Committee on the 
 District, one to the Commissioners of the District and a 
 third to the Committee of the Washington Homeopathic 
 Medical Society, all three letters objecting to the bills then 
 before the Senate, were read, and approved by this So- 
 ciety. 
 
 December 4th, another bill. Senate Bill 325, was intro- 
 duced by Senator Harris. This was a new Congress and, 
 
 • See the Minutes, p. 225, for bill as amended; also Busey's Annual Address of De- 
 cember 18, 1895, p. 33.
 
 Jsrcc Csa.Co. 
 
 36
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 37 
 
 therefore, a new bill. April 22, 1896, the Society adopted a 
 "memorial" recommending House Bill 5731, and the me- 
 morial was sent to Congress and printed as Document 228, 
 Fifty-fourth Congress, First Session. It was signed by 
 representatives from both the Medical Society and the 
 Homeopathic Medical Society. 
 
 May 13th, the Committee on Legislation reported that 
 an amendment had been introduced in the Senate exempt- 
 ing from the action of the proposed bill matriculates who 
 had matriculated prior to January i, 1896. The Society 
 considered that the amendment was detrimental to the best 
 interests of the community, and a blemish to an otherwise 
 good measure that had been already endorsed by the Society. 
 The Corresponding Secretary was instructed to notify the 
 Senate committee of the Society's action. The amend- 
 ment failed to pass. 
 
 The bill passed, approved June 3, 1896, and was pub- 
 lished as Public Document No. 174.* 
 
 February 24, 1904, the Society was informed that a bill 
 had been introduced in the Senate [No. 4346] permitting 
 physicians who had practiced ten years or more in any 
 State of the United States to practice in this District with- 
 out examination, provided they furnished certificates of 
 good moral character from the State Board of Health of 
 the State in which they had been practicing.! The Exec- 
 utive Committee was instructed to oppose the bill. It 
 failed to pass. 
 
 May 9, 1906, the Society adopted a resolution to accom- 
 pany a memorial to Congress protesting against the passage 
 of a bill to regulate the practice of osteopathy and to license 
 
 *For interesting reading in connection with this bill, see Busey's address, December 
 18, 1895, published both separately and as a part of his "Annual Addresses;" also his 
 " Souvenir," p. 342 et seq., and p. 372 ; also National Medical Review, 1896-7, VI, p. 4 ; also 
 Trans, of the Medical Society, 1896, I, p. 4. 
 
 t See Annals, 1904-5, III, p. 133.
 
 138 MEDICAID SOCIETY 
 
 osteopathic physicians in this District. February 20, 1907, 
 the Society was informed that the bill had been defeated 
 in the House of Representatives. 
 
 Section 8, of the Act of June 3, 1896, was amended Jan- 
 uary 19, 1905, by Congress, authorizing the Medical Super- 
 visors of the District to license without examination physi- 
 cians from outside the District who should fulfill certain 
 conditions.* 
 
 MALARIA IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 November 2, 1881, Dr. Harvey Lindsly stated that there 
 was much talk about the prevalence of malaria in Wash- 
 ington. While traveling during the summer through the 
 North and East he met gentlemen from all parts of the 
 country, who took it for granted that malaria prevailed at 
 the Capital to an alarming extent. Every newspaper that 
 he read was full of the subject, and much blame, he thought, 
 must rest on our own newspapers, and more especially on 
 the correspondents of outside papers having offices here. 
 He thought it would be wise for our citizens to take cog- 
 nizance of this matter, and the medical profession should 
 take the lead. Many, especially the older members, re- 
 membered well how persons talked about the old canal. 
 He had lived on its very banks for eighteen years, and no 
 member of his family, consisting of nine or ten persons, 
 had ever suffered from fever and ague. Indeed, there were 
 very few cases in the neighborhood. When he afterwards 
 moved to the corner of Fourth and C Streets, he and some 
 of his family were attacked by intermittent fever. But a 
 committee of wise men from the Smithsonian, with Pro- 
 fessor Henry at its head, pronounced the canal deadly and 
 pernicious. As for the pestilential atmosphere of the 
 
 • See AXNALS, 1905-6, IV, p. 78.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 39 
 
 White House, history proved the opposite. When he first 
 came here John Quincy Adams was President ; Dr. Lindsly 
 doubted if any President during these fifty years was ever 
 unable to attend to business or ever suffered from malaria. 
 Only four Presidents had died in Washington, two from 
 violence, one from pneumonia and one from exposure to 
 the sun's rays and imprudence in diet. The majority of 
 the Presidents lived here the whole year round and none of 
 them were ever sick. Malaria was not more prevalent in 
 the White House or its vicinity or even on the " Island"* 
 near the river, than in any other part of the city. He of- 
 fered the following resolution : 
 
 " Whereas, The impression so general throughout the 
 country of the unprecedented prevalence of malaria in 
 Washington is likely to prove a serious injury to the mate- 
 rial interests of the city, and this impression, if not wholly 
 unfounded, is at least grossly exaggerated ; therefore, 
 Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed, in con- 
 nection with the Health Officer, to investigate this whole 
 subject and report to the Society at its earliest conven- 
 ience." 
 
 Dr. J. E. Morgan seconded the resolution and approved 
 Dr. Lindsly's course. Dr. Morgan had had a similar ex- 
 perience ; they knew these reports to be false. There was 
 no more malaria in Washington than in any other city 
 similarly situated. If a person had the toothache, got 
 drunk or suffered from a boil, all were attributed to mala- 
 ria. The thing had been going on for years, and something 
 must be done to stop it. Last year one of the outside pa- 
 pers stated that half the population of south Washington 
 was down with fever, which had assumed a continued 
 form. Dr. Morgan consulted the physicians of that sec- 
 
 * The name " Island" was applied to that part of south Washington between the canal 
 and river.
 
 140 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 tion and found that not a single case of malaria existed. 
 Lately he saw in the Baltimore Sun that one physician 
 had thirty cases of typhoid fever in the immediate vicinity 
 of the White House. There were not thirty families in 
 that neighborhood. Last year the Commissioners became 
 alarmed, and one of them spoke to Dr. Morgan about the 
 terrible amount of sickness. Dr. Morgan at that time pro- 
 nounced the statement false, and would now have the Sec- 
 retary read some statistics emanating from the Board of 
 Health proving his assertion concerning the healthfulness 
 of Washington. Whilst we were a perfect graveyard, ac- 
 cording to the outside papers, these figures showed us to 
 be the healthiest people in the United States. But there 
 was something behind all this. It was the anxiety of spec- 
 ulators to make money. There had been filed two differ- 
 ent claims to the " flats."* These men conceived that they 
 had a bonanza, a regular Golconda. Every part of this 
 reclaimed land would be worth many dollars. The ob- 
 struction of the Washington channel had been brought 
 about, not by God but by man. This was clearly demon- 
 strated by the Citizens' Committee. 
 
 Dr. Noble Young said that it was time that the medical 
 profession informed the public. Dr. Lindsly had referred 
 to the canal, and Dr. Young would corroborate Dr. Lindsly's 
 statements. Dr. Young had lived for thirty years on its 
 banks and knew whereof he spoke. Despite the hue and 
 cry which resulted in its closure. Dr. Young asserted that 
 there never was a case of fever caused by the canal. The 
 water was clear and limpid, with a beautiful sandy bottom ; 
 many times as a boy he had bathed in it. It was a means 
 of draining the whole city ; sections which before had been 
 marshy, by its means became dry and healthful. There 
 
 •The " Flats" was the stretch of river bottom adjoining the north shore, that was 
 covered with onlj- a foot or two of water.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA I4I 
 
 was a great stir made at one time because it had been re- 
 solved to clean it. It was declared that a pestilence would 
 prevail. But on the contrary, all that was found was a 
 species of black sand. Of course, when it was neglected 
 and every dead dog and cat was thrown into it, things were 
 materially altered. He averred, on his professional repu- 
 tation, that the several squares in his immediate neighbor- 
 hood were as healthful as any other place in the United 
 States. He never knew of a case of malaria originating 
 there. The White House was notoriously healthful. Gar- 
 field's physicians expressly stated that he did not have 
 malaria. This cry had nearly ruined the eastern section 
 of the city, and nothing of any respectability was ever built 
 there. It was with the greatest difficulty that we succeeded 
 in getting the Insane Asylum in its present location. 
 Speculation was at the bottom of all these reports. Men 
 with property in the northwest section wanted a new Pres- 
 ident's house to be built there. Others wanted " Kidwell's 
 Bottoms"* reclaimed for their benefit. Major Hoxie had a 
 plan. And so on. But as long as the causeway of the 
 Long Bridge existed, so long would we have emanations 
 from the filth there collected. 
 
 Dr. J. M. Toner bore testimony to the widespread rumors 
 concerning the unhealthfulness of Washington. During 
 the summer he had heard this asserted by men who did 
 not seem to fear contradiction. Dr. Toner silenced the 
 doctors by telling them that speculators were at the bottom 
 of the reports. The trouble had been in our thinking it 
 due to our material interests not to say anything about the 
 matter. He now proposed that we ask the National Board 
 of Health to investigate the affair and make report. We 
 would be considered apologists, and our action would not 
 have as much weight as that of the National Board of 
 
 * "Kidwell's Bottoms," part of the "flats' above mentioned ; a Mr. Kidwell claimed it.
 
 142 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Health. If we could with propriety ask it to do this, Dr. 
 Toner thought the Society should do so. 
 
 Dr. W. W. Johnston was glad that Dr. Lindsly had ini- 
 tiated the subject. Individually we had been contending 
 against these rumors, but collectively we had done nothing. 
 It would take ten years to correct these reports. We 
 should not cast all the blame on the newspapers. Most of 
 it rested on us as physicians. We should be careful in our 
 diagnoses and we should not certify to deaths from malaria 
 when the patients died of typhoid fever. (He here read 
 statistics from the Health Officer showing that if the death 
 certificates were correct, malaria did prevail to an undue 
 extent.) We had no specific for typhoid, we had one for 
 malaria. W^as it possible that seventy-eight persons had 
 died from these fevers? What was the explanation? 
 Deaths certified to from malaria when the patients really 
 died from typhoid. If malarial fevers were as fatal here 
 as typhoid no wonder persons were afraid to come here. 
 According to statistics, Washington stood first in deaths 
 from malaria ; from typhoid it had the third place. The 
 error arose from non-recognition of mild cases of typhoid. 
 He would be glad if we could unite on some means of cor- 
 recting the returns. 
 
 Dr. S. Townshend (Health Officer) thought with Dr. 
 Johnston that physicians were much to blame. W^henever 
 we were in doubt about a diagnosis we said " malaria." 
 [He read some data to prove the comparative freedom of 
 Washington from zymotic diseases.] 
 
 Dr. W. H. Taylor wanted to know if it would mend 
 matters if we increased our death rate from typhoid. 
 
 Dr. J. T. Sothoron testified to the prevalence of typhoid 
 fever over malarial fevers in his section. 
 
 Dr. E. M. Schaeffer wanted the matter carefully studied, 
 and not trust the reputation of the city to outsiders until
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 1 43 
 
 we had considered that New Orleans and Baltimore had 
 suffered at the hands of the National Board of Health. 
 
 Dr. P. J. Murphy said that the Health Officer was the 
 proper person to take cognizance of this affair, and pro- 
 tested against calling in the National Board of Health. 
 
 The resolutions were adopted, and the committee — Drs. 
 Lindsly, Noble Young, J. E. Morgan, D. W. Prentiss, W. 
 W. Johnston and S. Townshend — was appointed. 
 
 November i6th, the committee reported as follows : 
 
 " The committee believes and reports that the statements 
 so generally published are entirely unfounded ; that Wash- 
 ington now, as heretofore, is unquestionably as healthful 
 as the most favored cities in this country or Europe ; and 
 that, instead of deteriorating, it has been much improved 
 in its general sanitary condition during the last few years, 
 as compared with its state ten or fifteen years since. There 
 has been a gradual but decided diminution in the extent 
 and intensity of diseases of a malarial nature, owing, no 
 doubt, to improved drainage, better paved streets, the filling 
 in of low lands, and other improvements which are con- 
 stantly being made by our present efficient government. 
 Malarial diseases are almost wholly confined to those por- 
 tions of the city immediately bordering on the Potomac 
 river and its tributaries, the Eastern Branch and Rock 
 Creek. 
 
 " A large portion of the so-called malarial diseases are 
 not in our opinion due to malarial influences, but to other 
 causes, which exist to an equal or greater extent in large 
 cities, such as sewerage, the use of unwholesome food, over- 
 crowding and bad ventilation among the poorer classes. 
 The form of malarial diseases most commonly met with is 
 simple intermittent fever, which is the least serious and 
 most curable form. Death from well defined, uncompli- 
 cated malarial diseases is a rare event in our city. A care- 
 ful comparison of the death rate of Washington with that 
 of other principal cities of the United States shows con- 
 clusively that it does not exceed the average, notwith-
 
 144 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 • 
 
 standing the very large proportion of colored persons, one- 
 third of the whole, whose death rate is generally almost or 
 quite double that of the whites. The proportion of the 
 .colored race is greater in Washington than in any city 
 north or west of us, and when the proper deduction of the 
 death rate on this account is made it will show a sanitary 
 condition not surpassed anywhere. It is proper to remark 
 here that the records of the Health Department of Wash- 
 ington are believed to be absolutely correct as to the number 
 of deaths annually occurring among us. 
 
 " The total number of deaths in the District of Columbia 
 for the year ending June 30, 1881, was 4,136, of which 
 number 2,206 were white persons and 1,931 colored, show- 
 ing a death rate of 18.18 per 1,000 per annum for the whites, 
 31.27 for the colored, and 22.60 for the whole population. 
 The mean annual death rate from September i, 1874, to 
 June 30, 1881, was, white, 19.27; colored, 37.67; total, 
 
 25- 30- 
 
 " We believe, too, that the unfavorable reports so indus- 
 triously circulated of the unhealthful condition of the Pres- 
 ident's house are equally unfounded. This has been the 
 residence of all the Presidents for eighty-one years, and 
 during all of that time, with the exception of Presidents 
 Harrison and Taylor, who died after short illnesses from 
 acute diseases, in no way dependent on climatic influences, 
 the chief magistrates, although generally men of advanced 
 age, have enjoyed excellent health and been able to attend 
 to their official duties with scarcely a day's interruption — 
 a most remarkable exemption and proof enough of itself of 
 the favorable condition both of the White House and the 
 city. We may add, too, in confirmation of this view, that 
 all the former Presidents spent the whole year here, except 
 a very short visit to their respective homes, the practice of 
 living for a part of the summer in the suburbs having been 
 first adopted by Mr. Buchanan ; and when the present 
 anomalous condition of the Potomac flats opposite the city 
 shall have been remedied, which in their present state are 
 at least a menace for the future, we know of nothing likely 
 to prevent Washington from being hereafter, as heretofore, 
 one of the most healthful as it is one of the most beautiful 
 cities in our country."
 
 37
 
 33
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 45 
 
 The Society adopted the report. 
 
 May 18, 1898, the Committee on Public Health made a 
 report concerning malaria in the District, more especially 
 as it affected the school children.* The fever was most 
 prevalent in the country east of the Anacostia River and, 
 next to this, along the Potomac side. 
 
 NURSES. 
 
 In Washington the nurses, or " sick" nurses, as they 
 were so often called, were rather an indifferent lot until 
 the " training school" began to give them an adequate 
 preparatory education. In course of time a number of such 
 schools were opened, usually in connection with the hos- 
 pitals. Finally, the question of a Directory for nurses was 
 considered and, November 15, 1882, the Society appointed 
 a committee — Drs. W. W. Johnston, S. M. Burnett and T. 
 E. McArdle — to confer with the Washington Training 
 School for Nurses as to the advisability of establishing 
 such a Directory. November 2 2d, the committee reported 
 the details of the conferences that had been held and what 
 had been agreed on, and recommended the following reso- 
 lution, which the Society adopted : 
 
 '■'-Resolved^ That the Medical Society of the District of 
 Columbia learns with pleasure of the proposal of the Wash- 
 ington Training School for Nurses to establish a Nurses' 
 Directory, and the Society promises the object its most 
 hearty cooperation, and, as a pledge of its official sanction, 
 directs the President of the Medical Society to appoint 
 three members who shall compose a committee to join with 
 the Training School in the establishment and management 
 of said Directory." 
 
 The same committee was reappointed. 
 
 * See Trans. Med. Society. Ill, for 1898, p. 116. and National Med. Review, 1898-9, VIII, 
 p. 322. 
 
 lO
 
 146 ■ MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 November 4, 1891, the committee from the Society re- 
 ported that the matron had resigned in September and the 
 nurses had become scattered. The committee recommend- 
 ed a change in the financial conduct of the Directory, a 
 classification of the nurses and regulation of their charges, 
 and made suggestions as to the methods to be adopted by 
 the profession and the public in securing a nurse or nurses. 
 After discussion, the committee was instructed to report 
 further details. December 2d, the committee reported that 
 it had had a conference with the nurses, and submitted a 
 plan of reorganization which, with some alterations, had 
 been accepted. 
 
 Owing to the number of training schools and the lack of 
 support from the nurses themselves, the Washington Di- 
 rectory for Nurses was abandoned and the property turned 
 over to the Washington Training School for Nurses, now 
 the Capital Training School for Nurses. The Committee 
 of the Society has been annually appointed, but for a long 
 time has been ignored by the Training School. 
 
 February 15, 1882, the Society appointed a committee 
 to lay before Congress the advisability of erecting a fire- 
 proof building for the Army Medical Museum. Drs. Love- 
 joy, W. G. Palmer and D. C. Patterson were the commit- 
 tee. January 7, 1884, the same committee was reappointed 
 for the same purpose. 
 
 THE ABATTOIR. 
 
 A bill [House Bill 5634, 1882] providing for an abattoir 
 in the District of Columbia was referred by the Committee 
 of the House of Representatives to the Medical Society for 
 its opinion as to what sanitary benefit would accrue to the 
 city, and was referred, April 26, 1882, by the Society, to a 
 committee consisting of Drs. T. E. McArdle, T. Antisell
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA I47 
 
 and D. W. Prentiss. The committee reported May loth, 
 recommending an abattoir, to be built east of and not less 
 than a mile from the city limits, and suggested a location 
 across the Eastern Branch ; also that legislation be enacted 
 to prevent the crowding around the abattoir of rendering 
 houses, blood-boiling or fertilizing establishments and 
 other manufactures from "waste residues"; and that the 
 local government should define the conditions under which 
 the establishment should be conducted, especially adopting 
 smoke-consuming methods. The benefits to the city were 
 stated to be : skilled inspection of the cattle ; the best 
 methods of slaughtering ; the best methods of preparing 
 the meats for food ; the probabilities of the place being 
 kept clean, and the riddance of the nuisance of private 
 slaughter houses. 
 
 The report was adopted by the Society and the commit- 
 tee instructed to send it to the House District Committee. 
 In due time the abattoir was built. 
 
 REMINISCENCES. 
 
 On the 2 1 St of March, 1883, Dr. Borrows gave some 
 reminiscences of the early physicians of the District of 
 Columbia. He said that his heart was with the Society, 
 and he had offered to appear that evening that he might 
 perhaps amuse and instruct by the recollections of a very 
 busy professional life of fifty-five years. His connection 
 with the profession commenced about the year 1822, when 
 he was admitted into the Freshman class of Columbian 
 College. Shortly afterward he became identified with Drs. 
 Thos. Sewall, J. M. Staughton and Alex. McWilliams, who 
 were professors in the classical department and at the same 
 time gave lectures in medicine — Sewall on anatomy, 
 Staughton on materia medica and McWilliams on botany.
 
 148 MEDICAL -SOCIETY 
 
 Borrows was persuaded to study medicine, that he might 
 add to his general knowledge. As his studies went on he 
 found that his taste for it increased, and it did not require 
 much persuasion to urge him on to graduation. 
 
 Among his earlier recollections was Chas. Worthington, 
 who practiced in Georgetown ; a man venerable in appear- 
 ance and a high Christian gentleman, though not a bigot. 
 This was exemplified by his not objecting to the playing 
 of cards by the students of his son Nicholas, who was pro- 
 fessor of materia medica. This son also was a man of 
 character and refinement, the pink of politeness, bashful 
 and modest as a girl. He never married. Dr. Sewall, the 
 professor of anatomy, was a New England man, who came 
 to Washington under a cloud, having robbed the grave of 
 a near relative in his devotion to the study of medicine. 
 Hingham's loss was Washington's gain, for Sewall became 
 celebrated not only in this country but in Europe by his 
 work on phrenology. 
 
 Dr. Thos. Henderson had all the pomp of a professor, 
 and had he commenced early in life to give lectures in a 
 large school he would have become prominent. His lec- 
 tures were well written and well delivered. The same 
 could be said of Dr. Fred. May, who was professor of mid- 
 wifery. He had the faculty of amusing at one moment 
 and bringing tears the next. Whenever he spoke of uter- 
 ine hemorrhage he always enlisted the sympathies of his 
 hearers, for it was known that his wife had died from that 
 cause. He was most courteous and refined in manner. 
 Dr. E. Cutbush, the professor of chemistry, was a high- 
 toned gentleman. He had been an officer in the navy, but 
 retired to private life upon the election of Jackson as Pres- 
 ident. Dr. R. Randall, another professor of chemistry, 
 was a gentleman of elevated character. In his anxiety to 
 distinguish himself he accepted the position of Governor of
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 1 49 
 
 Liberia, and in that perilous climate lost his life. Dr. 
 James M. Staughton, who delivered the address at the first 
 opening of the medical department of Columbian College, 
 was a clergyman in appearance ; fifty-one years ago he was 
 the attendant of the most fashionable persons in Washing- 
 ton. His son was to Dr. Borrows as a brother. Dr. 
 Staughton became professor of surgery, in Cincinnati, and 
 died there, leaving many friends. 
 
 Dr. Borrows' fellow students were Harvey Lindsly and 
 Noble Young ; two others had since died — Jones in New 
 Orleans and Collins in Virginia, of yellow fever. The 
 latter was a member of the legislature, and had been audi- 
 tor, succeeding Dr. Tully Wise. Dr. Peregrine Warfield 
 was a stout, blunt man of great medical acquirements, and 
 well known as a surgeon. Dr. B. H. Bohrer was a man of 
 great personal address, with accomplished manners and 
 most acceptable as a companion. Dr. Thos. Sim, of the 
 West End, died of cholera in 1832. He had great success 
 as an accoucheur and told many stories of his wonderful 
 performances. There were several others in that section, 
 amongst them Drs. Elzey and N. P. Causin ; the latter 
 prominent as a politician, etc., and ended his life whilst 
 returning from the races by falling into an ice house where 
 the Patent Office now stands. Poor old Dr. Munding was 
 one of the most charitable doctors, who never become rich. 
 He attended the poorest patients without hope of compen- 
 sation. Dr. J. Lovell was the Surgeon General, U. S. 
 Army, and was identified with the Phrenological Society. 
 Dr. Henry Huntt was a dandy. He drove a fine horse and 
 was followed by two dogs. He had more tact than any 
 other doctor whom Borrows ever knew. He was equally 
 good in medicine, surgery and obstetrics. He had been in 
 the army during the war of 181 2, and after settling in 
 Washington moved immediately into the fashionable prac-
 
 150 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 tice, and he fully deserved it. Though somewhat abrupt 
 in manner, he was still agreeable, and ever maintained his 
 own dignity and the responsibility of the profession. He 
 was President of the Board of Health when we were pros- 
 ecuting Williams, the oculist, for obtaining money under 
 false pretenses. It was proven that the Medical Society 
 had forfeited its charter by not meeting sufficiently often. 
 Dr. Causin came from Maryland, and was appointed judge, 
 retaining the office till his death. Dr. Fred Dawes was a 
 man of great medical acquirements, who was more easily 
 influenced by the solicitations of his friends than by the 
 ethics of the profession. He died poor. Dr. George May 
 was a man whom Borrows ever esteemed ; his character 
 was always that of a gentleman ; his personal appearance 
 was good. His knowledge of the three branches of the 
 profession was greater than that of any other man of Bor- 
 rows' acquaintance. Dr. Thomas Scott was of a retiring 
 disposition and not so prominent as some of those mentioned. 
 He took families by the year, some as low as $10, obstetrics 
 included. He was a very stout man. He came from one 
 of the lower counties. Dr. Richmond Johnson was not as 
 much identified with the profession as with the Surgeon 
 General's Ofiice. He was a person of fine address and ac- 
 quirements. Dr. Magruder commenced the practice of 
 medicine in 1832, the year of the cholera. The first cases 
 of that disease were treated in the old medical college on 
 E Street, near Tenth. This not being found large enough, 
 Stone's building on the Avenue was occupied ; afterwards 
 the cholera hospital was on M Street between First and 
 Second. The attending physicians were Magruder, B. and 
 T. Miller, Davis, Warren and Borrows. The first case of 
 cholera was reported by Dr. Alex. Davis. The Board of 
 Health increased the number of physicians in each ward 
 from two to five, making thirty in all.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA I5I 
 
 Dr. James H. Blake was Mayor of Washington in 1812-14. 
 He had a very extensive practice, and had associated with 
 him Dr. Wm. Jones, afterwards postmaster for three terms. 
 Dr. C. F. Wilstach was more of an apothecary than physi- 
 cian, and had a place of business on Pennsylvania Avenue 
 between Ninth and Tenth Streets. Dr. James Ewell was 
 a very corpulent man ; he wore a ruffled shirt and was 
 dandified in his manner. His brother Thomas built the 
 house in which General Sickles lived when he shot Key. 
 These brothers were rivals for professional fame. One was 
 the author of the " Medical Companion," the other of the 
 " Family Physician," both popular works in medicine. 
 The charges then for bleeding and pulling teeth were 50 
 cents, for attendance $1 and for obstetrical services $10. 
 
 Dr. Flodoardo Howard said that he remembered Dr. 
 Semnies very well ; as an apothecary he had put up many 
 of the doctor's prescriptions. He would start out in the 
 morning on a bob-tailed horse and visit from twenty to 
 thirty families during the day. His prescription for each 
 was generally the same, calomel and Dover's powder. It 
 was true that the majority of his patients suffered from 
 malarial troubles. Another favorite prescription was equal 
 parts of laudanum, compound spirit of lavender and Hoff- 
 man's anodyne. He was an exceedingly successful accou- 
 cheur. Dr. William B. Magruder distinguished himself in 
 the treatment of cholera, and this reputation gave him a 
 great start in practice. After becoming Mayor and dab- 
 bling in politics he lost a great deal of business. He was 
 exceedingly popular, but had the bad habit of not collect- 
 ing his fees, and died poor. A more disinterested physician 
 than Dr. Richmond Johnson never lived. He was the ac- 
 coucheur in the first ward for a long time, and this gave 
 him great popularity. He was exceedingly kind to the 
 poor, and after his work for the day was over at the Sur-
 
 152 MEDIC AI^ SOCIETY 
 
 geon General's Office he frequently visited from fifteen to 
 twenty poor patients. He was an accomplished physician 
 and an exceedingly devoted Christian. 
 
 Dr. Johnson Eliot said that there was one subject con- 
 nected with the old doctors which should be a matter of 
 pride to the profession : that was the first use anywhere, by 
 Dr. Alex. McWilliams, of adhesive straps in extension. In 
 1822 Dr. McWilliams applied adhesive straps in the Wash- 
 ington Asylum ; he sent an exemplification of the process, 
 with a large doll, to the French Academy, and received in 
 return a very complimentary letter, which, as a young man, 
 Eliot read. Drs. Borrows, Hall and May had written let- 
 ters corroborating the statement. Dr. Gross, however, said 
 that in 1834 a pupil of his suggested it, and in 1841 some- 
 body else claimed it ; but in 1828 Eliot spread the adhesive 
 straps and assisted McWilliams to apply them. 
 
 Dr. W. H. Taylor said that a Dr. Minor, of New York, 
 came to Washington in 1855, claiming that he had devised 
 the plan of using adhesive straps to make extension. Dr. 
 Taylor hunted up the old apparatus which had been used 
 at the Infirmary for a number of years and showed it to 
 Minor, whereupon the latter returned to New York a wiser 
 but a sadder man. 
 
 Dr. Borrows recollected that McWilliams had used ad- 
 hesive straps for extension in 1827. 
 
 October 15, 1884, a committee was appointed, consisting 
 of the President, Dr. A. Y. P. Garnett and Drs. J. W. H. 
 Lovejoy, C. W. Franzoni, J. Ford Thompson, D. R. Hag- 
 ner, J. F. Hartigan, E. M. Schaeffer, T. C. Smith, W. W. 
 Johnston and W. G. Palmer, to consider the propriety or 
 necessity of revising the charter, and go to Congress and 
 urge such changes as the Society might think advisable. 
 Apparently nothing further was done.
 
 39
 
 40
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 53 
 
 September 22, 1886, a letter was received from the 
 South Carolina Medical School, stating that its buildings 
 had been injured by the earthquake and asking for assist- 
 ance. The Society appropriated $100. 
 
 THE SOCIETY AND THE WATER SUPPLY OF THE DISTRICT 
 OF COLUMBIA ; AND TYPHOID FEVER.* 
 
 The records of the Medical Society show that it has been 
 ever alert in matters pertaining to public health, and the 
 more or less voluminous reports of the various committees 
 that have been appointed from time to time to investigate 
 and study health problems attest its vigilance in this re- 
 spect. Perhaps more attention has been given to a careful 
 inquiry into the purity and potability of the water supply 
 than to any other one subject. It is not necessary here to 
 go into the history of the public water supply of Washing- 
 ton. It will be sufficient to say that it is derived from the 
 Potomac River. The aqueduct " was so far completed in 
 1859 t^^^ ^^^ water from the receiving reservoir was avail- 
 able and turned into the mains. This supply was inde- 
 pendent of the Potomac and was furnished by the water- 
 shed of Little Falls Branch. * * * l^jie conduit 
 was completed and water supplied from the Potomac, De- 
 cember 5, 1863, and since that date the system has been in 
 successful operation." 
 
 In the spring of 1885, owing to the offensive odor pres- 
 ent in the water, it was alleged that the water supply of 
 the city was in some way contaminated, and in order to de- 
 termine, if possible, so vital a matter, the Society appoint- 
 ed a committee. May 27th, to investigate and report upon 
 the character of the water in the reservoirs and as supplied 
 to the dwellings in Washington. After careful considera- 
 tion of " several chemical analyses of the Potomac water, 
 
 * This article was prepared by Dr. G. Wi'the Cook.
 
 154 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 made by competent chemists, who have recently examined 
 our water supply," the committee reported, June loth, 
 " that the water is a healthy and potable one," and, 
 further, " there is no epidemic of intestinal or febroid dis- 
 ease in Washington at present ; the experience of the med- 
 ical profession has been that during the existence of this 
 condition of the water the health of the community has 
 been generally good." The committee, while believing 
 that Potomac River water, which is our main supply, is one 
 of the purest, cautioned against its contamination by al- 
 lowing " minor feeders or additional streams to commingle 
 with it. It is the opinion of the committee that the of- 
 fensive odor lately prevalent in the water has been due to 
 the decomposition of various aquatic forms of vegetable 
 and animal life in the reservoir and pipes. * * * As 
 a remedy, frequent and thorough flushings of the pipes" 
 was recommended. The committee stated that " many of 
 the evils now complained of might be prevented or reme- 
 died by proper filtration and aeration of the water on a 
 complete scale by the authorities." The report is an ad- 
 mirable one, and shows close observation and careful 
 thought. The committee consisted of Drs. E. M. Schaef- 
 fer, Thomas Antisell, J. Ford Thompson, Louis Mackall, 
 Jr., and D. W. Prentiss. 
 
 The next year, April 14, 1886, Dr. W. W. Johnston, re- 
 marking upon the muddiness of the water supply, said 
 that Captain Symonds, of the Engineer Corps, in charge 
 of the water works, had made an elaborate report to the 
 War Department recommending the filtration of the Po- 
 tomac River water before its delivery into the water pipes. 
 Upon Dr. Johnston's motion, Captain Symonds was invited 
 to address the Society upon " The Filtration of the Water 
 Supply," which he did, April 21st.* 
 
 * See Jour. Amer. Med. Asso., Aug. 21, 1886, p. 219.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 1 55 
 
 So far as the writer knows, the first published reference 
 to the probability that the Potomac River water might be 
 contaminated by pathogenic germs is found in an address 
 entitled " A Contribution to the Etiology of Typhoid Fe- 
 ver," by Dr. G. M. Kober, of this Society, delivered in 
 Berlin in 1890 at the Tenth International Medical Con- 
 gress. In this address he considered an epidemic of typhoid 
 fever prevailing at Cumberland, Md., as being the probable 
 cause of the same disease in the City of Washington, by 
 reason of the fact that the drainage from Cumberland falls 
 into the Potomac River, from which stream Washington 
 receives its water supply. 
 
 February 5, 1894, Dr. Charles Smart, U. S. A., in an 
 address before the Sanitary League delivered at the Co- 
 lumbian University in this city, emphatically declared that 
 the high death-rate in Washington from typhoid fever was 
 attributable to polluted Potomac River water. Dr. G. L. 
 Magruder, who was present, called in question the correct- 
 ness of Dr. Smart's statement ; and the views of some others, 
 subsequently published in the Evenhtg Star^ coincided 
 with Dr. Magruder's. At the next meeting of the Medical 
 Society, February 7th, Dr. Magruder brought to the atten- 
 tion of the Society the statement of Dr. Smart, and upon 
 his motion he and Drs. W. W. Johnston and C. M. Ham- 
 mett (Health Officer) were appointed a committee to inves- 
 tigate the causes of the prevalence of and high death-rate 
 from typhoid fever in the District of Columbia. June 6th, 
 this committee, after much labor and painstaking, pre- 
 sented its report, together with numerous maps and diagrams 
 and the following recommendations, which, after consider- 
 ation by the Medical Society, were unanimously adopted : 
 
 " I. The immediate abandonment of all wells within the 
 city limits, exception only to be made in case of the ab- 
 sence of the Potomac supply, and where the wells, after
 
 156 MEDICAI^ SOCIETY 
 
 repeated chemical and bacteriological examinations, have 
 been found to be free from all possible sources of danger ; 
 but even these to be abandoned as rapidly as possible. 
 
 " 2. Purification of the sewerage system already existing 
 by replacing as rapidly as possible all damaged or defective 
 drains. 
 
 " 3. The introduction of new sewers in advance of other 
 improvements in parts of the city not now supplied with 
 drainage, and the extension of the system as far outside of 
 the city limits as the rapidly growing population demands, 
 so as to prevent soil contamination. 
 
 " 4. The adoption of some system by which the lower 
 sections of the city can be more completely drained, and 
 the risks arising from the backing up of tidewater and sew- 
 age prevented. 
 
 " 5. The final and safe disposal of the sewage. 
 
 " 6. To make all existing privies, vaults or other recep- 
 tacles of human excreta watertight, and by rigid inspection 
 and penalties to prevent the danger from leakage and over- 
 flow. 
 
 " 7. The early completion of the plans recommended by 
 Colonel Elliott, in charge of the Washington Aqueduct, 
 and now in course of execution, which have in view the 
 sedimentation of the Potomac water, and ultimately the 
 completion of works for filtration, the only proper method 
 of purification. 
 
 " 8. The suppression of all privies and the enforcing of 
 the law to make sewer connections. 
 
 " 9. Careful inspection of all dairies in the District from 
 which our milk supply is drawn, and the enactment of a 
 law by which no milk shall be sold in the District without 
 a permit from the Health Office. The inspection shall 
 cover an examination of the dairies, of all possible sources 
 of infection, including the water supply. 
 
 " 10. The urging upon the members of the profession of 
 a careful collation of all facts bearing upon the mode of 
 infection in each case and the advantage of reporting such 
 facts to the Society, and the propagation of the doctrine 
 that immediate disinfection of the stools is the first duty of 
 the physician as guardian of the health of the community."
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA I57 
 
 Immediately after the adoption of this report the Medical 
 Society received an invitation, through Commissioner 
 George Truesdell, from the Committee of the House of 
 Representatives on the District of Columbia, to attend its 
 meeting, and June 14th, through its committee, composed 
 of Drs. S. C. Busey, W. W. Johnston, G. L. Magruder, 
 
 C. H. A. Kleinschmidt, G. Wythe Cook, S. S. Adams and 
 
 D. W. Prentiss, presented the report to the Committee of 
 the House, which, after two hearings, ordered it to be printed 
 as a public document. 
 
 October 24th, Dr. John S. Billings read by request be- 
 fore the Society a paper entitled " Filtration Methods of 
 Water Supply and Sewage Disposal in Some Large Euro- 
 pean Cities," in which the distinct statement was made that 
 " the securing of an abundant and pure water supply ap- 
 pears to be the most urgent need of Washington at the 
 present time," and that, " Sedimentation alone will not 
 give us satisfactory results, and rapid filtration through 
 steel cylinders, with or without the addition of alum or 
 other chemicals, while quite as costly as the simple sand 
 filtration, does not give an equal guaranty of the purity of 
 the water." 
 
 January 30, 1895, Prof. W. P. Mason, of Troy, New 
 York, delivered, by invitation, an address before the Medi- 
 cal Society on the subject of the water supply of cities, in 
 which he emphasized the necessity of sedimentation and the 
 superiority of sand filtration over all other known methods. 
 
 The report of the Committee of the Medical Society on 
 Public Health, January 26, 1896, says, "The agitation of 
 the subject of the purification of the Potomac water is 
 forced upon us, as physicians, by every recent addition 
 to our knowledge of the subject," and declares that sand 
 filtration is the " most convenient and effective method for 
 the purification of drinking water," and " must be adopted
 
 158 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 ultimately for the water supply of Washington." At the 
 same meeting the following, among other resolutions relat- 
 ing to sanitation, was unanimously adopted : " That the 
 general water supply should be purified by sedimentation 
 and filtration (the first being necessary at certain times 
 and the second at all times) before it is admitted to the 
 mains." 
 
 October 26, 1898, Dr. Robert Reyburn read before the 
 Society a paper on the pollution of the Potomac River at 
 Piedmont, West Virginia, and Cumberland, Maryland. 
 This paper was based on his personal investigations and 
 observations of the discharge of the filthy waste water from 
 factories at the above named places into the Potomac 
 River.* 
 
 Owing to the sometime repulsive character of the water 
 as it appeared in the glass and in the bath tub, there was a 
 universal demand for its improvement, and the cry went 
 up from all sections of the city for a clean, wholesome 
 water. The Commissioners, the Board of Trade, the Busi- 
 ness Men's Association, various independent organizations, 
 the newspapers and, indeed, the unanimous sentiment was 
 for a purified water supply, and Congress was disposed to 
 provide the means for it when the best way to secure it was 
 pointed out. Accordingly in the Act making appropria- 
 tions for the District of Columbia, approved March 3, 1899, 
 is contained the following clause : 
 
 " For additional amount to enable the proper officer of 
 the Government having charge of the Washington Aque- 
 duct and water supply to the City of Washington to make 
 an investigation of the feasibility and propriety of filtering 
 the water supply of Washington, and to submit to Congress 
 a full and detailed report thereon, and to meet all necessary 
 expenses of said investigation, five thousand dollars, to be 
 immediately available." 
 
 * See Trans. Med. Society for 1898, p. 153 ; Nat. Med. Review, 1898, VIII, p. 421.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 59 
 
 Upon Col. A. M. Miller, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., 
 " in charge of the Washington Aqueduct and of the in- 
 crease of the water supply of the City of Washington," 
 devolved the duty of the investigation of the feasibility and 
 propriety of filtering the water supply of the City of Wash- 
 ington. After a careful and painstaking investigation 
 Colonel Miller rendered an elaborate report, dated March 
 28, 1900. He considered the source of the water supply, 
 the character of the water-shed, the first introduction of 
 Potomac water through the aqueduct, the various reservoirs 
 and the pumping station. He detailed the methods of fil- 
 tration and described the experimental filters used. The 
 slow sand filter " consisted of a cylindrical white-pine tank, 
 eleven feet in diameter," in which were placed the filtering 
 materials, with the necessary pipes, valves, meter, etc., to 
 admit the raw water, control its velocity through the filter 
 or rate of filtration, and dispose of the filtered water. 
 
 The mechanical filter used in experiments was erected 
 by the New York Filter Manufacturing Company, and 
 combined all the recent improvements in this method. 
 
 " It consists of a cylindrical steel tank, set up vertically 
 and divided by a horizontal diaphragm into two compart- 
 ments, the lower compartment serving as a preliminary 
 sedimentation basin, and receiving the raw water and coag- 
 ulant. The influent is so arranged that a centrifugal mo- 
 tion is given to the water on entering. From this lower 
 compartment the water passes to the second or upper com- 
 partment, in which is situated the filtering device. 
 
 " The filtering device consists of a cylindrical steel ves- 
 sel, smaller in diameter than the outer cylinder, resting on 
 the horizontal diaphragm. In the bottom of this interior 
 vessel are placed, set in cement, the strainers, which collect 
 the filtered water and pass it to a main drain, whence it is 
 passed through a regulator to the effluent of the filter. 
 
 " The object of the investigation was to ascertain whether
 
 l6o MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 the Potomac water, as delivered to the consumer at Wash- 
 ington at present, could be rendered by filtration, with 
 either method, acceptable in appearance and hygienically 
 fit for a domestic supply. 
 
 " An acceptable appearance of the water requires the 
 removal of the turbidity to an extent which will render the 
 water unobjectionable. Hygienic requirements are satisfied 
 by the reduction of the number of bacteria to an acceptable 
 quantity." 
 
 Under the direction of Colonel Miller frequent chemical 
 and bacteriological examinations of the raw and filtered 
 water were made by skilled analysts. 
 
 The committee— Drs. S. C. Busey, G. Wythe Cook, G. 
 M. Kober, Z. T. Sowers and W. C. Woodward — appointed 
 by the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, March 
 7, 1900, " to inquire into the relative merits of natural or 
 slow sand filtration and mechanical filtration in their rela- 
 tion to the public water supply of this District," by the 
 courtesy of Gen. John M. Wilson, Chief of Engineers, U. 
 S. A., visited the experimental plant established by Colo- 
 nel Miller and found the filters as described above. The 
 mechanical filter was the very best that could be made, 
 while the slow sand filter was necessarily merely in minia-r 
 ture of what it would be when in practical use. The pro- 
 duct of the mechanical filter was a beautiful and clear 
 water ; that of the slow sand filter was not quite so trans- 
 parent, but sufficiently so to suit reasonable requirements. 
 The bacterial results were in favor of the slow sand filter. 
 Colonel Miller believed that the bacterial efficiency of the 
 mechanical filter was sufficient for safety, and as he desired 
 to furnish the most attractive looking water, he recom- 
 mended the mechanical method of filtration. The com- 
 mittee was considerably perturbed at this outcome of Colonel 
 Miller's investigations. It was confronted by this report
 
 41
 
 42
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA l6l 
 
 from the War Department to the United States Senate, 
 recommending the mechanical method of filtration, while 
 it had strongly urged the natural or slow sand method, as 
 the main contention of the Medical Society was for the 
 greatest bacterial efficiency, and that no chemical or other 
 agent be added to the water before or during the process 
 of filtration. There was no means of knowing how the 
 Senate Committee might view the matter, but it was cer- 
 tain they desired the best method ; so that Dr. Busey, 
 though in feeble health, with his accustomed energy and 
 pertinacity, with the committee of the Medical Society, 
 proceeded to analyze the report of Colonel Miller, and laid 
 the results before the Society, December 5th, "earnestly 
 and unhesitatingly recommending the prompt installation 
 of the natural sand filters." This recommendation was 
 unanimously adopted by the Society, December 7th, and a 
 copy of the report was transmitted to Hon. James McMil- 
 lan, chairman Committee on the District of Columbia, U. 
 S. Senate, and was printed as Senate Document No. 27, 
 Fifty-sixth Congress, Second Session. 
 
 February 19, 1901, Mr. McMillan, from the Committee 
 on the District of Columbia, submitted a report on the rel- 
 ative merits of the mechanical and the slow sand systems 
 of filtration for the water supply of the District of Colum- 
 bia, in which he says : 
 
 "After a very long and careful investigation the report 
 from the War Department, known as Colonel Miller's re- 
 port, took the ground that the water supply of the District 
 of Columbia contained suspended clay in such fine particles 
 as to make it practically impossible to use the slow sand 
 system of filtration, and he, therefore, recommended the 
 adoption of the rapid, or mechanical, system of filtration. 
 
 " This report was sharply attacked by the Medical Soci- 
 ety of the District of Columbia, and, following the lead of 
 the Medical Society, by the Board of Trade and the Busi- 
 1 1
 
 1 62 MEDICAID SOCIETY 
 
 ness Men's Association. It was argued by these bodies 
 that the use of alum as a coagulant was in itself objection- 
 able, and that the mechanical process was inferior to the 
 slow sand system as a means of removing those forms of pol- 
 lution that are the cause of typhoid fever. 
 
 "An inquiry conducted by this committee in New York 
 City on January 4, 1901, was attended by men who have 
 made for themselves the highest reputation in the matter 
 of the construction and operation of filters for public water 
 supplies. No large filter plant, either in existence or pro- 
 jected, was unrepresented at that meeting. The plants at 
 Lawrence, Mass. ; Albany, N. Y. ; East Providence, R. I. ; 
 Norfolk, Va. ; Elmira, N. Y., were among those as to which 
 direct testimony was given ; and the projects at Philadel- 
 phia, Pittsburg, Louisville, Cincinnati, Paterson and New 
 Orleans were discussed by men who had served or were 
 then serving upon the boards of experts for those cities. No 
 such representative gathering of filtration experts ever be- 
 fore took place in this country. It is true that the discus- 
 sion of the subject of the filtration of public water supplies 
 held at the meeting of the American Association of Civil 
 Engineers in London, England, in July, 1900, brought 
 together a larger representation of foreign experts ; but the 
 leaders of the discussion in London were also present in 
 New York, and at the latter gathering the American prob- 
 lem had its fullest discussion. 
 
 " The result of this discussion established the fact that 
 the slow sand filter, wherever it had been put into opera- 
 tion, had produced uniformly good results, both in clearing 
 the water from turbidity and also in removing bacteria." 
 
 At that inquiry Dr. W. C. Woodward, in behalf of natu- 
 ral, slow sand filtration, conducted the examination of the 
 experts in a masterful and efficient manner, and the exam- 
 ination of the mechanical method was managed by Colonel 
 Miller. The report" of the Committee of the Medical So- 
 ciety, known as Senate Document No. 27, was made the 
 basis for exceptions to Colonel Miller's recommendation. 
 
 Subsequent to the inquiry held by the Senate Committee
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 63 
 
 in New York City, and after the House of Representatives 
 had passed a bill appropriating $200,000 for filtration pur- 
 poses, without defining any method, Dr. G. L. Magruder 
 succeeded in obtaining a hearing for the Medical Society 
 before the subcommittee of the House of Representatives 
 on Appropriations. At that hearing there were present 
 Drs. D. S. Lamb, W. W. Johnston, G. Wythe Cook, Wm. 
 C. Woodward, G. L. Magruder and D. P. Hickling, of the 
 Committee on Legislation, and Drs. G. M. Kober, Wm. C. 
 Woodward and G. Wythe Cook, of the Committee on Fil- 
 tration. Arguments were presented by Drs. G. M. Kober, 
 W. W. Johnston, D. P. Hickling and Wm. C. Woodward. 
 Fortunately, after the inquiry was held in New York 
 City, the Senate Committee asked for a professional report 
 from Mr. Rudolph Herring, Mr. George W. Fuller and 
 Mr. Allen Hazen. These able and experienced experts, 
 after a thorough review and consideration of all the condi- 
 tions, made the following report : 
 
 " In consideration of the full evidence we recommend 
 the construction of a complete system of slow or sand fil- 
 ters, with such auxiliary works as may be necessary for 
 preliminary sedimentation, and the use of a coagulant for 
 a part of the time. There is no reason to believe that the 
 use of this coagulant will in any degree affect the whole- 
 someness of the water." 
 
 Upon the lines of this recommendation the authorization 
 of the construction of the filtration plant was based. How 
 much credit may be due the ISIedical Society for the accom- 
 plishment of slow sand filtration may be found in the fact 
 that the report of its committee was the stumbling block 
 of the mechanical filters. 
 
 November 8, 1905, the Medical Society resolved to co- 
 operate with the Commissioners of the District of Columbia
 
 164 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 in the endeavor to secure the passage of a bill to prevent 
 the pollution of the Potomac River ; and to assist in the 
 public movement to consider the " Pollution of the Po- 
 tomac River" and the " Methods to Secure a Pure Water 
 Supply for the District of Columbia." 
 
 The Civic Center of Washington having invited the 
 Medical Society of the District of Columbia to be present 
 at its meeting, December 11, 1905, the Society in accepting 
 the invitation appointed Dr. G. Wythe Cook to speak for it 
 on that occasion. The subject of his address was : " His- 
 torical Account of the Installation of Slow Sand Filtration 
 of the Potomac River Water for the City of Washington." 
 From that address a large part of this article is taken. 
 The subject of pure water was still a live one, and Dr. T. N. 
 McLaughlin, in his Presidential address before the Society, 
 December 13, 1905, spoke on the subject of "The Pollution 
 of the Potomac River." This address was illustrated with 
 numerous lantern slides. At this meeting the President 
 was directed to appoint a committee " to enquire into the 
 efficiency of the filtration plant and make such recom- 
 mendations as appeared necessary." This committee, com- 
 posed of Drs. G. M. Kober, G. Wythe Cook, D. Percy 
 Hickling, Z. T. Sowers and W. C. Woodward, made a care- 
 ful enquiry and reported to the Society, January 31, 1906, 
 recommending the installation of water meters as a means 
 of checking waste of water ; " Removal of all sediment 
 from the receiving reservoirs which has accumulated for 
 years," and " That the Society suspend judgment with 
 reference to the advisability or inadvisability, from a san- 
 itary standpoint, of adding a coagulant to our water supply 
 for the purpose of purifying it." 
 
 It will thus be seen that the Medical Society was con- 
 tinually alert and energetic in its endeavors to secure a 
 pure and abundant water supply for the District of Colum-
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 1 65 
 
 bia. It is but fair to say that the records of the Society 
 show that Dr. G. Lloyd Magruder was especially vigilant 
 in regard to proposed legislation respecting filtration and 
 reporting his information to the Society.* 
 
 AN INEBRIATE ASYLUM IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 December i, 1886, Dr. W. W. Godding, Superintendent 
 of the Government Hospital for the Insane of the District 
 of Columbia, read a paper on the " Problem of the Inebri- 
 ate." The discussion brought out the fact that a bill had 
 passed the Senate and was pending in the House of Repre- 
 sentatives providing for the treatment of inebriates in the 
 Government Hospital for the Insane. To this proposition 
 Dr. Godding objected. The Society appointed a commit- 
 tee, consisting of Drs. Godding, N, S. Lincoln and J. M. 
 Toner, to consider the question of the best treatment of 
 the inebriate. The committee reported, December 22d.t 
 
 February 2, 1887, ^^' Toner, from the committee, re- 
 ported a copy of a bill which the committee had prepared 
 and introduced in Congress, providing for an inebriate 
 asylum. The bill, however, failed to pass, and there is as 
 yet (1909) no asylum for inebriates in the District of Co- 
 lumbia. 
 
 LICENTIATES OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 October 26, 1887, the Society ordered that licentiates 
 should be notified of its meetings by postal card. January 
 14, 1891, the question was raised as to the advisability of 
 continuing this privilege, and a committee was appointed 
 to inquire into the matter, consisting of Drs. H. L. E. 
 
 * See also Trans. Med. Society, 1898, III, pp. 35-64, and 1900, V, p. 47 ; Nat. Med. Re- 
 view, 1898-9, VIII, pp. 87-92. 139-152 ; 1900-1, X, p. 103, and 1901, VI, p. 54; Wash. Med. 
 Annals, 1903-4, II, p. 56, and 1905-6, IV, p. 362. 
 
 t The report and copy of the bill that had passed the Senate were printed in the 
 Journal American Medical Association, 18S7, VIII, p. 49, et seq.
 
 1 66 MEDIC AI, .SOCIETY 
 
 Johnson, T. C. Smith, C. H. A. Kleinschmidt, T. E. Mc- 
 Ardle and S. S. Adams. The committee reported ad- 
 versely, February 4th. The matter went over till the 
 nth, when, after a full and free discussion, the whole sub- 
 ject was tabled. It was brought up again, July 6th ; the 
 report of the committee was adopted and it was ordered 
 that only those persons should be permitted to attend the 
 meetings who were provided for in the Constitution of the 
 Society. 
 
 June 5, 1889, the Society donated $100 to the sufferers 
 by the flood at Johnstown, Pa. 
 
 CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OTHER THAN SMALLPOX IN THE 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 June 12, 1889, a committee, consisting of Drs. J. B. 
 Hamilton, T. E. McArdle and B. G. Pool, was appointed 
 to ascertain if there were any laws in the District of Co- 
 lumbia for preventing the spread of scarlet fever, measles 
 and diphtheria. October 2d, the committee made a 
 lengthy report stating that there was a law, approved July 
 19, 1872, and entitled "An Act for the prevention of dis- 
 eases in the District of Columbia," authorizing the Board 
 of Health, in its judgment, to make regulations for the 
 removal or prevention of epidemic and infectious or con- 
 tagious diseases. Another act of Congress, April 24, 1880, 
 legalized the regulations then in force for the control of 
 smallpox, but said nothing about other infectious or con- 
 tagious diseases, and did not legalize the Act of 1872, 
 thereby leaving the Health Officer powerless in regard to 
 the control of such other diseases. The committee recom- 
 mended an amendment to the Act of 1880, making the 
 regulations in regard to smallpox applicable to measles.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 67 
 
 diphtheria and scarlet fever. The report was much dis- 
 cussed, pro and con ; finally, the Society ordered that the 
 recommendation be printed and sent to the members, after 
 which the subject would be further considered. 
 
 October 9th, the committee made a supplemental report, 
 which was ordered to be printed and sent to the members 
 in place of the preceding one. October 30th, the commit- 
 mittee offered a third form of bill, and this was much dis- 
 cussed ; there was still much opposition to any action 
 being taken. Drs. S. C. Busey, R. Reyburn and T. C. 
 Smith offered amendments. The Society ordered that a 
 copy of all proposed amendments be printed and sent to 
 the members. November 6th, the subject was again fully 
 discussed. November 13th, the amendments offered by 
 Drs. Busey, Smith and Reyburn were voted on, but failed 
 to pass. The bill proposed by the committee was then 
 rejected by a vote of 12 to 11. November 20th, an effort 
 was made to reconsider, but the Society ordered the sub- 
 ject postponed. December 4th, a motion to reconsider was 
 passed and December nth was appointed as the date for 
 discussion. On that date Dr. G. Wythe Cook offered a 
 new bill which, after some amendments, was adopted, and 
 a "Committee on Legislation," composed of Dr. Busey, 
 chairman, and Drs. Hamilton, S. Townshend, W. W. 
 Johnston and Ralph Walsh, was appointed to take it to 
 Congress. 
 
 March 12, 1890, Dr. Busey reported that the bill had 
 been introduced in both the Senate and House of Repre- 
 sentatives ; April 23d, that it had passed the Senate and 
 was then in the House, where he anticipated that there 
 would be much opposition. The bill, however, passed, and 
 was approved, December 20th (see Statutes U. S., 1890-1, 
 Chap. 251). 
 
 March 15, 1896, the Society was informed that a bill
 
 1 68 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 (House Bill 9023) had been introduced in the House of 
 Representatives " To prevent the spread of contagious dis- 
 eases in the District of Columbia." The bill passed, and 
 was approved March 3, 1897 (see Statutes U. S., 1896-7, 
 Chap. 383). 
 
 November 8, 1899, the Society empowered its Committee 
 on Legislation to draft a law to make householders re- 
 sponsible for reporting contagious diseases. Apparently 
 the committee made no report to the Society. 
 
 February 11, 1903, the Executive Committee reported to 
 the Society a copy of a bill providing for the reporting of 
 the minor contagious diseases to the Health Officer, who 
 had asked for the opinion of the Medical Society on the 
 subject. The Committee was authorized by the Society to 
 take such steps as it saw fit. March nth, the committee 
 reported that the bill had been favorably acted upon by the 
 Senate Committee but that there the consideration had 
 stopped. 
 
 June 27, 1904, the Executive Committee reported that 
 there was then pending in Congress a bill (Senate Bill 
 3786, House Bill 10,955) ^^^ the further prevention of com- 
 municable diseases. The committee was instructed by the 
 Society to favor this legislation. [The bills expired by 
 limitation with the session of Congress.] 
 
 Congress passed a bill, approved February 9, 1907, en- 
 titled " An Act for the prevention of scarlet fever, diph- 
 theria, measles, whooping cough, chicken pox, epidemic 
 cerebro-spinal meningitis and typhoid fever in the District 
 of Columbia" (see U. S. Statutes, 1906-7, p. 889). March 
 13th, a letter was received by the Society from the Health 
 Officer, transmitting a copy of the regulations proposed 
 under the act and asking an expression of opinion. The 
 letter was referred to the Executive Committee, which re- 
 ported, March 20th, recommending that the proposed reg-
 
 43
 
 44
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 69 
 
 ulations be endorsed by the Society, and the report was 
 adopted. 
 
 December i8th, the Committee on Public Health made 
 an elaborate report on these diseases, which was discussed, 
 January 15 and 29, 1908.* 
 
 July 7, 1890, the Society ordered that thenceforward, 
 immediately after the stated meeting in January, 500 
 copies of the list of members should be printed. 
 
 THE TESTIMONY OF PHYSICIANS IN COURT. 
 
 December 16, 1891, the retiring President, Dr. D. W. 
 Prentiss, suggested that something should be done to pro- 
 tect the physician in giving testimony in court. March 
 2, 1892, Dr. Busey presented to the Society a form of bill 
 relating thereto, which had been prepared by Dr. Z. T. 
 Sowers. 
 
 March i6th, a committee, consisting of Drs. Lovejoy, 
 Reyburn, A. F. A. King, Franzoni and G. Wythe Cook, 
 was appointed to consider all the suggestions made by Dr. 
 Prentiss. The committee reported, November i6th, and 
 the report was discussed on the 23d. The bill recom- 
 mended by the committee was amended to read as follows, 
 and the Board of Examiners was instructed to put it in 
 proper form and present it to Congress : 
 
 "An Act defining as privileged evidence in courts of law 
 or equity a confidential communication of patients to their 
 physicians. 
 
 ^''Be it enacted by the Senate and Honse of Represeiita- 
 tives in Congress assembled : No physician authorized to 
 practice medicine or surgery in the District of Columbia 
 shall be allowed to disclose any information, which he may 
 have acquired in attending any patient in a professional 
 
 *See Annals, VI, p. 496, and VII, p. 2S.
 
 1 70 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 character, and which information was necessary to enable 
 him to prescribe for such patient as a physician or to do 
 any act for him as a surgeon." 
 
 January 23, 1895, a second bill, drawn by Dr. Busey, was 
 adopted by the Society and referred to the Committee on 
 Legislation, with instructions to urge its passage by Con- 
 gress : 
 
 "j9<? it e?iacted by the Senate and House 0/ Represefita- 
 tives of the United States in Congress assefnbled : That in 
 the courts of the District of Columbia no physician or sur- 
 geon shall be permitted, without the consent of the person 
 affected, to disclose any information which he shall have 
 acquired in attending a patient in a professional capacity 
 and which was necessary to enable him to act in that ca- 
 pacity, whether such information shall have been obtained 
 from the patient or from his family, or from the person or 
 persons in charge of him : Provided^ That this Act shall 
 not apply to evidence in criminal cases where the accused 
 is charged with causing the death of, or inflicting injuries 
 upon a human being and the disclosures shall be required 
 in the interests of public justice." 
 
 The bill (House Bill 2647) was passed and became a law 
 May 26, 1896, without the signature of the President of 
 the United States.* 
 
 THE ECLECTIC MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE DISTRICT OF 
 
 COLUMBIA. 
 
 April 6, 1892, the Medical Society was informed that a 
 bill to incorporate the Eclectic Medical Society of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia had been reported to the Senate by the 
 Committee on the District. This bill passed, and was ap- 
 proved February 18, 1893. 
 
 * Public Document No. 156. .See Busey's " Souvenir," pp. 376 and 363, for his letter to 
 the Commissioners in regrard to this bill. See also Nat. Med. Review, 1896-7, VI, p. 9, 
 which is a complete statement ; also Trans. Med. Society, 1S96, I, p. 9.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA I7I 
 
 THE ICE TRUST. 
 April 5, 1893, the Society adopted the following: 
 
 "Whereas, The companies engaged in the business of 
 supplying ice to the citizens of the District of Columbia 
 have announced through the local press the formation of a 
 combination of the several companies, in which they have 
 agreed to suspend the delivery of ice on the Sabbath day 
 to the retail consumers during the months of June, July, 
 August and September ; therefore be it 
 
 ''''Resolved^ That a committee of five, of which the Presi- 
 dent and Recording Secretary shall be members, be ap- 
 pointed to consider what action, if any, this Society should 
 take in relation thereto." 
 
 The committee consisted of the President, Dr. G. Wythe 
 Cook ; Secretary, Dr. S. S. Adams ; and Drs. S. C. Busey, 
 G. L. Magruder and L. Eliot. April 12th, the committee 
 reported, taking the ground that the proposed suspension 
 of delivery of ice on Sundays during the summer months 
 would not only be an inconvenience to householders but 
 detrimental to health, would add to the sufferings of the 
 sick and to the morbidity and mortality of the city. The 
 report was adopted. The Society also adopted the follow- 
 ing : 
 
 " Resolved, That the Medical Society of the District of 
 Columbia, in this effort to secure the continuous daily 
 delivery of ice to the retail consumers during the heated 
 months of the year, invites the support and cooperation of 
 the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, the Health 
 Officer, the local press, the Sanitary League and all other 
 organizations and persons interested in the matter." 
 
 The Society ordered that 1,000 copies of the report should 
 be printed and copies sent to the Attorney General of the 
 United States, the District Attorney, the Commissioners of
 
 172 MEDIC AI, SOCIETY 
 
 the District, the Health Officer, the local press, the officers 
 of the Sanitary League, the presidents of the several ice 
 companies and the members of the Society. 
 
 THE FEEDING OF INFANTS. 
 
 June 7, 1893, the Secretary of the Society reported that 
 the Sanitary League of the District wanted information in 
 regard to the proper " feeding" of infants. A committee, 
 consisting of Drs. T. E. McArdle, S. S. Adams and J. D. 
 Morgan, was appointed to consider the matter. June 14th, 
 the committee reported* rules which applied especially to 
 the clothing and feeding of infants during the summer 
 months, and as they were for the benefit of the poor, the 
 simplest language possible was used. No reference was 
 made to pasteurizing milk, because it was impossible to 
 formulate such a rule in language that would be intelligi- 
 ble to the parents for whom the rules were made. Tlie 
 committee said nothing about contagious diseases, because 
 the Health Officer issued regulations on that subject. The 
 report was adopted. 
 
 February 21, 1894, Dr. W. W. Johnston was requested 
 to ascertain the cost of a safe. Apparently nothing was 
 done about it. November 6, 1901, Drs. Johnston, G. L. 
 Magruder and E. L. Morgan were appointed a committee 
 on the same subject. January 6, 1902, the committee re- 
 ported that it had found a safe that would answer the needs 
 of the Society. The committee was directed to buy it. 
 
 THE MEDICAL COLLEGE ACT. 
 
 March 7, 1894, the Society received from the Commis- 
 sioners of the District of Columbia a copy of a bill to reg- 
 
 • See the report in full on page 12S of the minutes.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 73 
 
 iilate medical colleges in the District* The Society 
 referred it to Drs. Lovejoy, A. F. A. King, H. H. Barker 
 and D. S. Lamb, as representing the four medical schools 
 in the District. March 21st, two reports were made, a 
 majority report by Drs. Lovejoy, King and Lamb ; a mi- 
 nority report by Dr. Barker. 
 
 Majority report : " Whereas, The Revised Statutes of 
 the United States, known as the ' General Incorporation 
 Act,' permits 'Any three or more persons of full age, citi- 
 zens of the United States, a majority of whom shall be 
 residents of the District, who desire to associate themselves 
 for benevolent, charitable, educational, literary, musical, 
 scientific, religious or missionary purposes, including soci- 
 eties for mutual improvement, or for the promotion of the 
 arts, may make, sign and acknowledge before any officer 
 authorized to take acknowledgment of deeds in the Dis- 
 trict, and file in the office of the Recorder of Deeds, to be 
 recorded by him, a certificate in writing in which shall 
 be stated, first, the name or title by which such society 
 shall be known in law ; second, the term for which it is 
 organized ; third, the particular business and objects of the 
 society ; fourth, the number of its trustees, directors or 
 managers for the first year of its existence ; and, fifth, 
 whereas, the said Act does not seem to require the person 
 so desiring to form an incorporation to produce evidence 
 of proper qualifications and of the possession of the proper 
 facilities for the carrying out of the objects proposed by 
 them ; and whereas, the science and art of medicine con- 
 stitute a branch of knowledge of peculiar importance to 
 the community, and there is no other occupation so neces- 
 sary to the preservation of the health and well being of the 
 people ; therefore 
 
 '-'- Resolved^ first, that we hold it to be a matter of the 
 utmost importance that the laws should throw around the 
 study of medicine all the safeguards that are possible ; that 
 
 • Senate Bill 1652 : introduced into the Senate, February 19, 1S94, and referred to the 
 Committee on the District. Referred by this committee to the District Commission- 
 ers, and by these to the Medical Society, for such recommendations as it might wish 
 to make.
 
 1 74 MEDIC AI, SOCIETY 
 
 our lawmakers should require that the persons professing 
 to teach this science and art should themselves have acquired 
 the ability to teach, by study, by practice and by experience, 
 and should offer to their students the proper facilities to 
 learn this important branch of knowledge and should pro- 
 tect a confiding and easily deceived public from the char- 
 latanry and imposture of ignorant and selfish pretenders. 
 Resolved^ second, that we heartily endorse the apparent 
 object of the bill, which seems to prevent the organization 
 of medical colleges that may be incompetent to properly 
 educate their students. Resolved^ third, that we cannot 
 endorse the method proposed by the bill of carrying out 
 this object, which seems to be to empower the Honorable 
 Commissioners of the District of Columbia to grant permits 
 to such proposed colleges, under specific conditions. Re- 
 solved^ fourth, that we recommend that the bill should pro- 
 vide that no medical college shall be incorporated without 
 a special act of Congress. Resolved^ fifth, that this Society 
 has no knowledge of the source whence the proposed bill 
 proceeded."* 
 
 This report was adopted by the Society. The minority 
 report was as follows : 
 
 " I fully endorse and concur in the motives which have 
 actuated the majority in their report, which are indicated 
 in their preambles and first resolution, but I cannot view 
 the present bill in the light in which it is viewed by them. 
 I do not concur in the second resolution, for I fail to see 
 anything in the bill which proposes to prevent the organ- 
 ization of incompetent medical colleges. The bill recog- 
 nizes the fact that there are now or may be medical colleges 
 in the District of Columbia incorporated by special act of 
 Congress, but both creatures of Congress. It then declares 
 that it shall be unlawful for those colleges incorporated in 
 the latter manner to begin or continue business, except 
 under certain restrictions, which are not imposed upon col- 
 leges incorporated in the former manner. This is class 
 
 * Dr. Busey in his " Souvenir," p. 375, states that the bill originated with the Homoeo- 
 pathic Medical Society.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 75 
 
 legislation, and being therefore unconstitutional cannot be 
 commended, nor could its provisions be enforced if it were 
 adopted. If the bill provided that all medical colleges 
 should furnish evidence that they are fully equipped both 
 by the character and fitness of their faculty and the suf- 
 ficiency of their appliances, the above objections to the bill 
 might have less force. But who are to decide upon the 
 sufficiency of such evidence? the District Commissioners, 
 composed of two lawyers and one engineer ; certainly not 
 such persons as would be considered experts upon medical 
 colleges. 
 
 " The third resolution of the majority recognizes this fact 
 and expresses our disapproval of such provisions of the bill 
 as confer such powers upon the Commissioners. The adop- 
 tion of this, the third resolution, by this Society will be a 
 virtual condemnation of the entire bill, for if it is stripped 
 of these provisions there is nothing left to it. The fourth 
 resolution is open to the same objection urged against the 
 original bill : that it contemplates class legislation and 
 therefore cannot and will not be adopted by Congress. If 
 Congress desires to prevent the future incorporation of 
 medical colleges under the General Incorporation Act, it 
 must strike out of that act the word " educational," or re- 
 peal the act. 
 
 "The fifth resolution seems to be in the nature of an 
 apology to some one. If the Society must apologize for 
 approving the bill it had better not approve it. I would 
 therefore recommend that the bill be returned to the Com- 
 missioners, with the statement that in the opinion of the 
 Society it does not throw proper safeguards around the 
 method of medical education in the District of Columbia ; 
 and that the Commissioners be requested to urge in lieu of 
 this bill the passage of the Medical Practice Act, with such 
 provisions therein as will compel candidates for graduation 
 in medicine to submit to an examination by the Board of 
 Medical Examiners to be created by that act, before obtain- 
 ing their diplomas. In conclusion I would urge upon the 
 Society the impropriety of weakening whatever influence 
 it may have with Congress by attempting to wet-nurse this 
 sickly foundling. Rather let it reserve all its forces for a
 
 176 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 well-directed, systematic and persistent effort to secnre the 
 passage of the Medical Practice Act." 
 
 The bill passed both houses of Congress, and was approved 
 May 4, 1896. [See Public Document 99. See also Busey's 
 "Souvenir," page 375, where he says, "the act will pre- 
 vent the multiplication of the class of bogus medical schools 
 which have turned loose upon a credulous public so many 
 ignorant frauds and venal charlatans. It is the beginning 
 of the end of mills than grind out diplomas at so much per 
 square inch of parchment."] 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS. 
 
 March 7, 1894, the attention of the Society was called to 
 steps that were being taken in different cities to check the 
 spread of tuberculosis. A committee, composed of Drs. 
 C. H. Stowell, J. H. Bryan and E. A. Balloch, was ap- 
 pointed to examine into the question, and recommend 
 what measures, if any, should be taken by the Society to 
 stop the ravages of tuberculosis in the District of Columbia. 
 May 9th, the committee made a report recommending that 
 a committee be appointed to prepare a circular of instruc- 
 tions, to be popularly distributed, and setting forth the 
 danger of communicating the disease by one person to an- 
 other and how such communication might be prevented ; 
 that hospital authorities should be urged to set apart cer- 
 tain wards for consumptives, or, better, that special hospitals 
 be built ; that physicians should be requested to instruct 
 their patients in regard to the disinfection of sputa, and 
 that rooms occupied by consumptives should be disinfected ; 
 and that the Society should take steps toward the enact- 
 ment of a law that would secure the purity of milk offered 
 for sale in the District. An amendment was offered by 
 Dr. T. E. McArdle requesting the Health Officer of the
 
 45
 
 JOHN WM. CHAPPELL [TRANK TENNEY CHAMBERLiN| jo.ce £r,g.Co. 
 
 46
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA . 1 77 
 
 District to formulate such regulations as would assure the 
 freedom of vaccine virus from tuberculous infection. May 
 i6th, the report was exhaustively considered; June 6th, 
 was further considered, and adopted, as also the amendment 
 offered by Dr. McArdle.* 
 
 February 17, 1904, a letter from the Health Officer of 
 the District in regard to physicians notifying that officer of 
 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis coming under their care, 
 was received by the Society, asking its opinion. The letter 
 was referred to the Executive Committee, which, September 
 2 1st, reported unfavorably, but recommended that the 
 Health Officer issue a circular of instructions in regard to 
 the prophylaxis of the disease. The report was adopted 
 by the Society November 30th. It may be mentioned here 
 that October 26th there was a symposium on tuberculosis 
 before the Society, in which Drs. W. C. Woodward, D. P. 
 Hickling, A. F. A. King, W. P. Carr, General G. M. Stern- 
 berg, Frederick Sohon, S. S. Adams and T. A. Claytor 
 took part.f 
 
 January i, 1906, the Society endorsed the project of the 
 District Commissioners for the erection of a hospital for 
 consumptives. 
 
 March 7th, the Executive Committee made a report 
 upon the registration of tuberculosis in the District of Co- 
 lumbia, and March 21st a committee — Drs. J. B. Nichols, 
 S. Ruffin and J. D. Thomas — was appointed to prepare a 
 bill for the legal supervision of tuberculosis in the District. 
 The committee reported two bills, of which one entitled B 
 was adopted by the Society, and the committee was in- 
 structed, March 28th, to take steps to secure its enactment 
 by Congress. 
 
 * See National Medical Review, 1894-5, III, p. 60. 
 t See Annals, III, 1904-5, p. 145. 
 
 12
 
 lyS MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 THE SOCIETY AND THE MILK SUPPLY OF THE DISTRICT 
 OF COLUMBIA.* 
 
 The first record of any effort to control the milk supply 
 of the District of Columbia was contained in an ordinance 
 promulgated May 15, 1 871, by the Board of Health created 
 by the Act of February 21, 187 1, reorganizing the govern- 
 ment of the District. Repeated efforts were made by the 
 District authorities between that date and 1894 to improve 
 the conditions of the production and sale of milk, without 
 accomplishing much of value. While preparing the report 
 on typhoid fever in 1894 Dr. G. Lloyd Magruder had fre- 
 quent conferences with the District Commissioners. The 
 influence of milk as one of the most prominent causes of 
 typhoid fever and the often-urged necessity for its careful 
 supervision were promptly recognized. These facts so im- 
 pressed the Committee on Typhoid Fever that the follow- 
 ing recommendation was inserted in its report : 
 
 " Careful inspection of all dairies in the district from 
 which our milk supply is drawn and the enactment of a 
 law by which no milk shall be sold in the District without 
 a permit from the Health Officer. The inspection should 
 cover an examination at the dairies of all possible sources 
 of infection, including the water supply." 
 
 At Dr. Magruder's suggestion the District Commissioners 
 sought the aid of the Medical Society to secure the much- 
 needed legislation along the lines above indicated. In 
 compliance with this suggestion, June 6, 1894, the Society 
 received a communication from the Commissioners enclos- 
 ing the draft of a bill to regulate the milk supply and to 
 secure pure milk. In this communication the Society was 
 asked to perfect the bill. 
 
 • This article was partly prepared by Dr. G. Lloyd Magruder. 
 
 d
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 79 
 
 The Society appointed Drs. Kleinschmidt, S. S. Adams 
 and Woodward a committee to consider the bill and return 
 it, amended, to the Commissioners.* The committee re- 
 ported June 13th. 
 
 February 6, 1895, the Committee on Legislation reported 
 that the bill had been so much altered in the Senate Com- 
 mittee that it was worse than none, and the Legislative 
 Committee had entered a protest. The Society approved 
 the protest. The House bill (8231), as endorsed by the 
 Society and Commissioners, passed the House of Repre- 
 sentatives. February 27th, the Society was informed that 
 the bill was in conference. It passed and was approved, 
 March 2d.t 
 
 The influence of the Society was a most potent factor in 
 securing this legislation, which required the inspection of 
 the dairy farms and a permit from the Health Officer be- 
 fore milk could be shipped to this city. This made Wash- 
 ington one of the first cities in the United States to require 
 such a permit. It appears justifiable to claim that this 
 law has largely contributed towards saving many lives of 
 children under one year old. In 1894, previous to the pas- 
 sage of the law, the death rate was 5.70 per 1,000 of the 
 entire population ; in 1905, ten years afterwards, the death 
 rate was 3.52 per 1,000. 
 
 October 20, 1897, Dr. S. S. Adams presented a plan for 
 the establishment of a milk laboratory, and a committee — 
 Drs. Kober, E. A. de Schweinitz and Adams — was appoint- 
 ed, to have a general supervision over the same and report 
 from time to time to the Society. January 12, 1898, the 
 committee made an elaborate report.| March i, 1899, it 
 made a report for the previous year.§ 
 
 • See Minutes, page 194. National Med. Rev., 1894-5, III, p. 85. 
 t See Busey's "Annual Addresses," pp. 41 and 65 ; Minutes of Society, pp. 52-70. 
 X See Minutes of the Society, pp, 10-17; Trans. Med. Society, 1898, III, p. 64; Nat. 
 Med. Review, 1898-9, VIII, p. 152. 
 'i See Trans. Med. Society, 1899, IV, p. 36 ; Nat. Med. Review, 1898-9, VIII, p. 483.
 
 l8o MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 January 7, 1901, a bill (Senate Bill 4804) was introduced 
 in Congress, regulating the production and sale of milk 
 in the District of Columbia. There was also a report (Re- 
 port 1665) from the Senate District Committee, June 5, 
 1900. March 5, 1902, the Society endorsed the Senate 
 bill (1686, House 11,005) for the regulation, production, 
 etc., and instructed the Executive Committee of the Soci- 
 ety to try to secure its passage. 
 
 April 29, 1903, the Committee on Laboratory (Walker- 
 Gordon Laboratory) recommended a Milk Commission like 
 those in New York City and other cities, with the object 
 of securing careful daily inspection of milk delivered in 
 the city, by competent veterinarians appointed for the pur- 
 pose. The Society endorsed the plan.* May 20th, the 
 commission was appointed — Drs. Adams, de Schweinitz, 
 McCormick, Sprigg and Woodward. 
 
 July 7th, the commission reported that it had organized 
 and incorporated, that all dairymen would have an equal 
 chance before the commission, and that scientific experts 
 would be employed to make the necessary examination of 
 the milk supply. October 7th, the commission made an- 
 other report, t 
 
 March 30, 1904, House Bill 14,473, supplementary to an 
 act to regulate the sale of milk in the District, was pre- 
 sented to the Society and referred to the Executive Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 July 4th, the Milk Commission reported again and for 
 the last time. I 
 
 April 24, 1895, the Society was informed that Dr. Busey 
 had dedicated his " Personal Reminiscences" to the Soci- 
 ety, and members could procure copies with the author's 
 compliments by calling at his residence. 
 
 ♦Annals, 1903-4, II, p. 267. 
 
 t See Annals, 1903-4, II, pp. 251 and 490. 
 
 t See Annals, III, 1904-5, p. 2S0.
 
 UISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA l8l 
 
 VIVISECTION. 
 
 A bill, popularly known as the anti-vivisection bill 
 (Senate Bill 1552, for the further prevention of cruelty to 
 animals in the District of Columbia), was introduced in 
 the U. S. Senate, and January 22, 1896, this fact was reported 
 to the Society and the Committee on Legislation was in- 
 structed to oppose the bill. April 22d, the Society adopted 
 a " memorial" against the bill.* May 26th, the Senate 
 Committee on the District reported the bill with amend- 
 ments (Report No. 1049, Calendar No. 1144). 
 
 October 7th, the Society adopted the following resolu- 
 tions : 
 
 " The Medical Society of the District of Columbia here- 
 by invites the bureaus, departments, schools of medicine 
 and scientific societies hereafter named to unite with it in 
 the organization of a commission to be constituted of one 
 representative from each of such bureaus, departments, 
 schools of medicine and scientific societies, which shall be 
 known as the 'Joint Commission on Vivisection,' charged 
 with the duty of investigating the practice of animal ex- 
 perimentation in this District and representation of the 
 constituent organizations before Congress in such manner 
 as said commission may determine. 
 
 " 2d. That this invitation be extended to the Bureaus of 
 Medicine and Surgery of the Army, Navy and Marine 
 Hospital Service and Animal Industry, the Medical De- 
 partments of the Columbian, Georgetown, Howard and 
 National Universities, and to the Chemical, Biological, 
 Anthropological, Entomological and Philosophical Socie- 
 ties of the District of Columbia. 
 
 " 3d. That the expense of the Joint Commission shall 
 be defrayed in equal proportion by each bureau, depart- 
 ment, school and society represented in said Joint Commis- 
 sion. 
 
 * This memorial is printed in Senate Report No. 1049, Calendar No. 1144, p. 128 ; also 
 in the jXaiionai Medical Revie-v, 1896-7, I, p. 14; also in Trans. Med. Society, 1896, I, 
 P. 14.
 
 1 82 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 "4th. The Corresponding Secretary is requested to 
 transmit a copy of the preamble and resolutions to each of 
 the bureaus, departments, schools and societies named and 
 request their concurrence and the name and address of their 
 representatives." 
 
 The resolutions were adopted. Dr. S. C. Busey was ap- 
 pointed to represent the Medical Society. 
 
 February 3, 1897, Dr. Busey stated that a movement 
 had been made to have the medical societies of the several 
 States organize committees to meet in Washington once 
 a year to look after matters of interest to physicians and 
 the passage of such bills as the American IMedical Associ- 
 ation might approve. February 17th, the Society decided 
 to cooperate with this movement. 
 
 May 13th, the Senate Committee on the District reported 
 favorably an anti-vivisection bill (1063) ; the bill was sim- 
 ilar to 1552 of the previous session. 
 
 The attention of the Society was next called to the 
 matter December 6, 1899, when it was informed that a 
 new bill on the subject (Senate, 34) had been introduced 
 and referred. 
 
 February 21, 1900, Dr. W. C. Woodward reported to the 
 Society an analysis of the arguments on vivisection ; the 
 Society approved the same, and ordered that a copy be 
 sent to the Senate Committee on the District* 
 
 [The subject has not since been brought to the attention 
 of the Society. Anti-vivisection bills have continued to 
 be introduced in Congress, but none have passed. The 
 work of the Joint Commission itself may be summarized 
 as follows : 
 
 [The Commission met November 23 and December 18, 
 1896, and January 23, 1897. Dr. Busey was elected Chair- 
 man, Dr. D. S. Lamb, Secretary, and Dr. G. M. Sternberg, 
 
 ' See Senate Document 337 ; a hearing before the Committee. February 21, 1900.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 83 
 
 Treasurer. The members of the commission were : Drs. S. 
 C. Busey, representing the Medical Society ; Walter Reed, 
 the U. S. Army ; D. V. Salmon, the Bureau of Animal 
 Industry ; E. A. de Schweinitz, Medical Department Co- 
 lumbian University ; C. W. Stiles, Georgetown University ; 
 R. Reyburn and D. S. Lamb, Howard University ; W. M. 
 Sprigg, National University ; H. N. Stokes, the Chemical 
 Society ; G. M. Sternberg, the Biological Society ; Frank 
 Baker, the Anthropological Society. The Navy and Ma- 
 rine Hospital Service were not then represented. Later 
 Dr. M. J. Rosenau, of the Marine Hospital Service, was 
 added. 
 
 [Drs. Sternberg, Salmon and Stiles were appointed a com- 
 mittee to prepare an appropriate reply to the Senate report. 
 General Sternberg offered to admit to the Army Medical 
 Laboratory any one interested in seeing the work done 
 there.* 
 
 [At the meeting, March 30th, General Sternberg was di- 
 rected to prepare a letter to the Senate District Committee 
 asking that before any legislation was enacted there should 
 be an investigation of the charges of cruelty. Dr. Busey 
 was directed to try to interest the Amer. Med. Assn. and 
 induce it to appoint a committee to assist in opposing the 
 bill. He stated that the State Medical Societies of New 
 York and Ohio had each resolved to appoint a committee 
 to attend during the session of Congress and influence 
 legislation in medical matters. 
 
 [At the meeting. May i8th. Dr. Busey stated that the 
 Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons at its recent 
 meeting had appointed a committee to take suitable action. 
 Drs. Salmon, Sternberg and Baker were appointed a com- 
 mittee to prepare a protest against bill 1063. f 
 
 [At the meeting, "November 12, 1898, Dr. Busey stated 
 that the American Humane Society would meet in Wash- 
 ington in December and would consider the regulation of 
 vivisection in the District. The Commission directed the 
 Secretary to call the attention of the prominent medical 
 and scientific journals of the country to the meeting of the 
 
 •see Document 31 to accompany Report 1049, Senate Bill 1552. 
 tSee Document 104, Senate, January 31, 1898.
 
 184 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 American Humane Society and request that editorial notice 
 be taken of the danger that the influence likely to be 
 exerted at that meeting might cause the vivisection bill 
 pending in the Senate to be called up and passed. 
 
 [January 9, 1902, the Commission had another meeting; 
 Dr. Busey having died, Dr. G. N. Acker represented the 
 ]\Iedical Society ; Drs. W. W. Johnston and G. ^I. Kober 
 were also added to the Commission, and Dr. Kober was 
 elected Chairman, The meeting was called because an- 
 other anti-vivisection bill had been introduced into the 
 Senate and it was desirable to secure a hearing. Accord- 
 ingly a letter asking such a hearing was prepared and sent 
 to the Senate Committee, 
 
 [No further meetings have been held, — D, S. Lamb.] 
 
 May 6, 1896, the Society contributed $100 to the fund 
 for the " Pasteur" monument. 
 
 THE EYES OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 
 
 June 3, 1896, the Society appointed a committee to re- 
 port upon the advisability of a systematic examination of 
 the eyes of school children in the District ; Drs, C. R. 
 Dufour, E. O. Belt and I. Bermann were the committee. 
 June loth, the committee reported that it believed the 
 welfare of the school children required such examination, 
 and the matter should be brought to the attention of the 
 trustees of the schools. The committee found that a large 
 majority of the children suffered from lack of visual acuity, 
 but did not know it. An examination made yearly would 
 reveal all ocular troubles and give the opportunity to have 
 them corrected. The committee was recommended by the 
 Society to wait upon the trustees and urge the adoption of 
 such regulations as would secure such examination ; the 
 committee to cooperate with the trustees.
 
 Wm. LITTLETON ROBINS 
 
 PRESLEY CRAIG HUNT 
 
 47
 
 48
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 1 85 
 
 PURE FOOD AND DRUGS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 January 4, 1897, the Committee on Legislation presented 
 to the Society a bill (House Bill 9842), which had passed 
 the House of Representatives, in regard to the adulteration 
 of food and drugs. The Society approved the bill and in- 
 structed the committee to urge its passage in the Senate. 
 
 February 9, 1898, Drs. G. N. Acker and L. W. Glaze- 
 brook were appointed by the Society delegates to the 
 Pure Food Congress, and Drs. G. M. Kober and G. Wythe 
 Cook members of the Advisory Committee of the Congress. 
 
 November 8th, five delegates were appointed by the So- 
 ciety to the next succeeding Food Congress, namely, Drs. 
 Z. T. Sowers, W. W. Johnston, C. H. A. Kleinschmidt, G. 
 L. Magruder and G. M. Kober.* 
 
 April 18, 1900, the Society adopted resolutions to the 
 effect that the interests of medical science required the 
 establishment of a Bureau of Materia Medica in order to 
 institute disinterested investigation into the character and 
 value of new drugs. The Society recommended to the 
 Decennial Committee of 1900 on the revision of the Phar- 
 macopoeia the creation of such a bureau under its author- 
 ity. 
 
 January 14, 1903, the Executive Committee of the Soci- 
 ety made a report to the Societyf which stated that a bill 
 had been passed by the House of Representatives that pre- 
 judiced the results of all the work that the Society had 
 done toward securing purity of food and drugs, including 
 milk, in this District. The committee asked that the So- 
 ciety endorse a protest that it had made against the pas- 
 
 * December 18, 1899, a bill was introduced in the House (House Bill 4618) to establish 
 a Food Bureau in the Agricultural Department. January 3, 1900, a bill (Senate Bill 
 2050) was introduced into the Senate; January 8, another (Senate Bill 2222) ; March 
 5th, still another (Senate Bill 3618), and December 18th, still another (Senate Bill 
 5262). In the House a report was made (Report No. 1426). 
 
 t See Wash. Med. Annals, 1903-4, II, p. 54.
 
 1 86 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 sage of the bill. The Society approved the action of the 
 committee. 
 
 January 27, 1904, the Executive Committee reported 
 that there were two bills (Senate, 198, and House, 6295,) 
 pending, the object of which was to prevent the adultera- 
 tion of food, drugs, etc., but that the House bill was objec- 
 tionable. The Society instructed the committee to favor 
 the Senate bill. 
 
 March 14, 1906, the Society approved Senate Bill 88, 
 Pure Food and Drugs. The bill passed June 30th.* Oc- 
 tober 3d, the Executive Committee was instructed to con- 
 sider what effect, if any, the so-called Pure Food and Drugs 
 Act would have on the practice of medicine in this District. 
 It does not appear that the committee made any report. 
 
 THE OPIUM HABIT. 
 
 January 20, 1897, a letter was read to the Society stating 
 that a committee of The Medical and Surgical Society of 
 the District of Columbia had investigated the extent of the 
 opium habit in Washington and had made a report. A 
 copy of this report was transmitted to the Medical Society 
 and was referred by it to its Committee on Legislation ; 
 this committee forwarded the report to Congress, by which 
 it was printed as Senate Document 74 and introduced into 
 the Senate, January 21st, and referred to the District Com- 
 mittee. The report was considered in connection with 
 House Bill No. 10,038 (Senate Bill 3575), regulating the 
 sale of poisons. The House bill having passed, the Soci- 
 ety, April 7th, ordered a memorial favoring the bill.f 
 
 March 30, 1898, the Society became a constituent mem- 
 ber of the Washington Academy of Sciences, and Drs. D. 
 S. Lamb, G. M. Kober and S. M. Burnett were appointed 
 
 * See Statutes, U. S., 1905-6, chap. 3915. 
 + See Senate Document 15, 1897.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 1 87 
 
 a committee to make nominations of members of the Soci- 
 ety to membership in the Academy. 
 
 April 20, 1898, a joint meeting of the Washington An- 
 thropological Society and Medical Society was held at the 
 room of the latter, at which the subject of " Treatment and 
 Education of the Deaf" was discussed. Papers were read 
 by Drs. Frank Baker, R. Reyburn, E. M. Gallaudet and 
 D. S. Lamb. 
 
 May 4th, the Committee on Public Health was requested 
 to investigate and report on the plumbing regulations of 
 the District, with regard to the use of lead pipes in the 
 water-supply service, and to especially consider the ques- 
 tion of the danger of lead poisoning. 
 
 May nth, the Society requested the delegates from the 
 District of Columbia to the American Medical Association 
 to cooperate with the other delegates in organizing a Com- 
 mittee on National Legislation. 
 
 April 26, 1899, there was another joint meeting of the 
 Washington Anthropological Society and Medical Society 
 at the room of the latter. The subject was " The Effects 
 of Modern Firearms in War." Papers were read by 
 Dr. G. M. Kober and three medical officers of the U. S. 
 Army — Drs. L. A. La Garde, W. C. Borden and E. L. 
 Munson. 
 
 May 3, 1899, a letter was received from M. P. Key, sug- 
 gesting that the Society make a study of the subject of 
 longevity in connection with the announced World's Fair 
 in Paris, 1900. A committee was appointed by the Society, 
 consisting of Drs. Z. T. Sowers, W. W. Johnston and G. M. 
 Kober, to consider the matter and report. May 31st, the 
 committee made a partial report, which was accepted.* 
 The complete report was published in Tra7is. Med. So- 
 ciety^ V, 1900, page I. 
 
 *Nat. Med. Rev., 1899-1900, IX, pp. 365, 647.
 
 1 88 MEDICAID SOCIETY 
 
 THE SOCIETY AND THE HEALTH OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 
 
 October 4, 1899, the Committee on Public Health made 
 a report in regard to the health of children in the public 
 schools of the District of Columbia. On the nth, the So- 
 ciety appointed a committee of 76 members, auxiliary to 
 the Committee on Public Health, to assist in the investiga- 
 tion into the health of these children.* Some objection 
 was made to the published report, and March 10, 1900, the 
 Committee on Public Health made another report, t and 
 June 13th still another report. 
 
 CODIFICATION OF THE LAWS OF THE DISTRICT OF 
 COLUMBIA. 
 
 December 13, 1899, the Committee on Legislation re- 
 ported that December nth a letter had been sent to A. S. 
 Worthington, Esq., the Chairman of the Committee of the 
 Bar Association on the District Code,t protesting against 
 some proposed changes in the code. 
 
 February 28, 1900, the Committee on Legislation re- 
 ported to the Society that it had collected certain laws 
 relating to the health of the District, and submitted them 
 to the Bar Association with the understanding that they 
 would be included in the code. 
 
 May 1 6th, the Society ordered that a protest be sent to 
 the U. S. Senate against the amendments to Senate Bill 
 3812, which amended the law in regard to the testimony 
 of physicians ; also against section 1636 of the code which 
 repealed the charter of the Society and the act regulating 
 
 *See Trans. Med. Society. IV, 1899, p. 135, for report of committee. 
 
 + See Trans. Med. Society. V, 1900, p. 43, and Nat. Med. Rev., 1900-1, X. pp. 99 and 431. 
 J See Senate Bill 5530, Fifty-fifth Congres.s ; Minutes of Society, pp. 345-9 ; Trans. So- 
 ciety, 1899, IV, pp. 212-4; Nat. Med. Review. 1899-1900, IX, p. 596.
 
 DIvSTRICT OF COLUMBIA 189 
 
 the practice of medicine in the District of Columbia, and 
 all health and sanitary regulations.* 
 
 October 3d, letters were read in regard to the proposed 
 code, stating that it repealed the Medical College Act and 
 other matters of interest to the medical profession. The 
 letters were referred to the Committee on Legislation. f 
 
 December 12th, the Committee on Legislation submitted 
 the correspondence, including the letters of Dr. G. Wythe 
 Cook of December 7th, as chairman of the committee, to 
 Ashley M. Gould, Esq., of the Bar Association, relating to 
 Senate Bill 3812, and December 8th, and Gould's reply 
 of this date.l 
 
 March 13, 1901, the Society was notified that the " Code 
 bill" had passed Congress and had become a law. 
 
 March 24, 1900, the District Commissioners referred 
 Senate Bill 3424, Fifty-sixth Congress, First Session, to 
 the Society, for remark. The bill was entitled " For the 
 regulation of scientific experiments upon human beings in 
 the District of Columbia," and had been introduced into 
 the Senate March 2d. March 28th, the matter came before 
 the Society and was referred to the Committee on Legisla- 
 tion. The committee reported, April 4th ; the report was 
 approved by the Society and ordered to be forwarded to 
 the Commissioners. It took the ground that the bill was 
 unnecessary and, if enacted, would be harmful. § The bill 
 failed to pass. 
 
 April II, 1900, the Society directed the Committee on 
 Public Health to inquire into the subject of hydrophobia 
 and make report. The committee made a report, June 
 13th, recommending that all dogs appearing on the streets 
 
 * See Trans. Society, 1900,V, p. 94 ; National Medical Review. 1900-1, X, p. 270. 
 
 ^ National Medical Review , 1899-1900, IX, p. 495. 
 
 X See Public Document 159. 
 
 § See Trans., V, 1900, p. 65 ; Nat. Med. Review. X, 1900-1, p. 201.
 
 IQO MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 and highways be required to be muzzled ; that owners be 
 held liable for damage done by their dogs ; that the pound- 
 master take up and destroy all dogs not so muzzled, etc. 
 The report and recommendations were adopted and the 
 committee directed to send copies to the District Commis- 
 sioners, to the Senate Committee on the District of Colum- 
 bia, to the public press and the Marine Hospital Service.* 
 
 October 3d, a letter was read from the National Associ- 
 ation for the Study of Epilepsy, asking the Society to 
 appoint a committee to ascertain the number and condi- 
 tion of epileptics under public* care in the District of Co- 
 lumbia. The letter was referred to the Committee on 
 Public Health. 
 
 The same evening a letter was read from the Committee 
 on Revision of the Pharmacopoeia of 1900, requesting the 
 Society to recommend what substances and preparations 
 should be dropped from or added to its new Pharmaco- 
 poeia. The Society appointed a committee, consisting of 
 Drs. F. P. Morgan, G. J. Lochboehler, W. M. Sprigg, J. E. 
 Brackett and S. E. Lewis, to consider the matter. No- 
 vember 7th, the committee reported a list of substances 
 recommended to be dropped, and the report was accepted 
 November i4th.t 
 
 January 23, 1901, the Society appointed Dr. H. L. E. 
 Johnson a delegate to the Pan American Congress. 
 
 SPITTING IN PUBLIC. 
 
 May 29, 1 901, the Committee on Public Health reported 
 to the Society the following resolution : " Spitting upon 
 paved sidewalks creates a nuisance dangerous to health, 
 
 * See Bull. 25, 1900, Dept. Agriculture ; Trans. Med. Society, V, 1900, p. 135 ; Nat. Med. 
 Review, 1900-1, X, p. 431. 
 t See Trans. Med. Society, V, 1900, p. 201.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA I9I 
 
 and should be forbidden by law." The resolution was 
 adopted. 
 
 March i8, 1903, the same committee reported the fol- 
 lowing resolutions, which were adopted by the Society : 
 
 '''•Resolved^ That the Committee on Public Health is 
 hereby authorized to use the best efforts to obtain the en- 
 actment of the law which should prohibit the spitting 
 upon the sidewalks by persons in the District. Resolved^ 
 That the Medical Society of the District endorse the pro- 
 posed action of the Honorable Commissioners of the Dis- 
 trict in promulgating a public regulation which shall 
 prohibit the spitting upon the sidewalks by persons of the 
 District." 
 
 MEDICAL INSPECTION OF SCHOOLS IN THE DISTRICT OF 
 
 COLUMBIA. 
 
 June 5, 1901, Dr. D. S. Lamb read a paper on "The 
 Medical Inspection of Schools," which was referred to the 
 Committee on Public Health, with instructions to prepare 
 a plan of inspection. The committee reported, December 
 4th,* and its report was referred to the Committee on Leg- 
 islation. This committee, however, had already considered 
 the report and promptly made thereon its own report, f 
 and recommendations, which were adopted by the Society, 
 and the Committee on Legislation was instructed, January 
 6, 1902,1 to forward a copy of the report to the District 
 Commissioners, Board of Education, D. C, and to Con- 
 gress, and use all proper efforts to secure legislation pro- 
 viding for such inspection. January 14, 1903, the Execu- 
 tive Committee reported § that it had communicated with 
 the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Repre- 
 
 • See Trans. Med. Society, VI, 1901, p. 304. 
 t Trans., VI, 1901, p. 315. 
 t Wash. Med. Annals, 1902, I, p. 79. 
 § Wash. Med. Annals, 1903-4, II, p. 54.
 
 192 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 sentatives, urging the establishment of such inspection 
 under the supervision of the Health Department. An 
 appropriation was made, taking effect July i, 1903. 
 
 PSYCHO-PHYSICAL LABORATORY. 
 
 October 30, 1901, the Society adopted a resolution favor- 
 ing the establishment of a psycho-physical laboratory in 
 Washington, in the Department of the Interior, for the 
 study of the physiology and psychology of man, with the 
 view of applying the resulting knowledge to the problems 
 of sociology and jurisprudence. The resolution further 
 stated that the scientific study of criminals of the pauper 
 degenerate classes in an institution would tend to settle 
 many vexed questions as to their proper management and 
 control ; that such study could emanate only from a labo- 
 ratory fitted with instruments of precision. The study of 
 precocity and defective mental conditions in children 
 would be of great service in determining the best methods 
 for their rearing and education. February 3, 1904, a letter 
 was read from Dr. Arthur McDonald, asking the further 
 cooperation of the Society in securing the passage of the 
 bill to establish the laboratory. The letter was referred to 
 the Executive Committee. 
 
 THE INSANE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 December 4, 1901, the Society instructed the Committee 
 on Legislation to take action towards securing the enact- 
 ment of a law providing for the detention of alleged lunatics 
 pending formal adjudication of the question of lunacy, 
 when such lunatics were believed to be dangerous and their 
 environment militated against recovery ; also the appoint- 
 ment of trustees to take charge of the property of persons 
 incompetent from the drug habit.
 
 49
 
 50
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 1 93 
 
 January 27, 1904, the Executive Committee reported 
 two bills (Senate 2880, House 8692) for the apprehension 
 and detention of the insane, and stated that the bills should 
 be amended. The Society instructed the committee to try 
 to secure the desired amendments. 
 
 January 17, 1906, a letter from the Secretary of the In- 
 terior was read, asking the cooperation of the Society in his 
 efforts to secure the passage of a bill amending the laws 
 regulating commitments of the insane. The letter was 
 referred to the Executive Committee. 
 
 THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 An Executive Committee was provided for by the So- 
 ciety, January 8, 1902, to replace the Committee on Legis- 
 lation. Its duties were — 
 
 " To keep informed in all matters concerning the inter- 
 ests of the medical profession generally and of the Society 
 and its members in particular ; to consider such resolutions 
 as may be referred to it by the Society ; to suggest im- 
 provements in the conduct of the business of the Society; 
 to consider and report upon matters requiring legislative 
 action ; to represent the Society before Congress and the 
 Commissioners of the District of Columbia, and to report 
 its operations to the Society from time to time, as occasion 
 may require, together with such recommendations as it 
 may deem proper." 
 
 The committee went promptly to work, and until 1908 
 gave its attention to many matters that were referred to it 
 by the Society. Subcommittees were formed, to which 
 subjects for inquiry were referred. The committee com- 
 municated at intervals with the committees of the U. S. 
 Senate and House of Representatives in regard to legisla- 
 tion, especially with the Committees on Appropriations
 
 194 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 and the District of Columbia ; also with the Commission- 
 ers of the District and with officers of the executive de- 
 partments of the U. S. Government. From time to time 
 members of the committee attended " hearings" before the 
 bodies and persons indicated, for the purpose of securing 
 or opposing legislation. Altogether, the Executive Com- 
 mittee has done much and excellent work, the extent and 
 scope of which are almost unknown to the members of the 
 Society other than those who have been members of the 
 committee. 
 
 The most important subjects considered by the commit- 
 tee have been as follows : 
 
 1902 — February 19th — Recommended the Society to au- 
 thorize a prize essay and rules in regard thereto. 
 
 Recommended the publication of a journal of the Society 
 and some conditions therefor. 
 
 In regard to the proposed municipal hospital. 
 
 March 5th — In regard to the condemnation of insanitary 
 buildings. 
 
 The production and sale of milk and cream in the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. 
 
 That the initiation fee for membership should be reduced 
 to $5.00. 
 
 Recommended approval of certain recommendations of 
 the Auditing Committee. 
 
 That one Wednesday evening in the month should be 
 devoted to pathological specimens. 
 
 That meetings should begin promptly at 8 o'clock. 
 
 That papers should be discussed the same evening that 
 they are read. 
 
 Protesting against a certain bill in Congress (Senate 190) 
 to prevent cruelty to animals in the District of Columbia. 
 
 Against a bill (Senate 3068) to regulate scientific exper- 
 iments on human beings in the District of Columbia.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 1 95 
 
 March 2 2d — Urged appropriation to complete filter plant. 
 
 April 2d — In regard to the proposed consolidation of the 
 medical work of the government of the District of Columbia. 
 
 April 1 6th — Report on bill to regulate sale of serums, 
 etc., in the District of Columbia. 
 
 May 8th — Medical inspection of schools. 
 
 June nth — In regard to Maryland physicians practicing 
 in the District of Columbia. 
 
 November nth — In regard to the filtration plant. 
 
 November 19th — Report on certain legislation author- 
 izing appointment of guardians for property of persons ad- 
 dicted to use of opium, etc. 
 
 In regard to promotion of anatomical science. 
 
 1903 — January 14th — Report in regard to manufacture 
 and sale of adulterated food and drugs. 
 
 January 13th — In regard to medical inspection of schools. 
 
 In regard to a certain prize essay. 
 
 January 29th — In regard to accessibility of records of 
 births and deaths in the Health Department, D. C. 
 
 January 30th — In regard to the filtration plant ; mechan- 
 ical filtration. 
 
 Medical inspection of schools. 
 
 February ist and i8th — Report on the minor contagious 
 diseases. 
 
 In regard to a complimentary dinner to Charles Moore. 
 
 March nth — In regard to inspection of food in the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. 
 
 In regard to commitment of lunatics in the District of 
 Columbia. 
 
 March 18th — In regard to having a reference library in 
 the Public Library, D. C. 
 
 November 4th — Proposed change in counting votes in 
 the Society. 
 
 November 18th — The Milk Commission.
 
 1 96 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 1904 — January 27th — In regard to the adulteration, mis- 
 branding and imitation of foods, beverages, candies, drugs 
 and condiments in the District of Columbia. 
 
 In regard to the abatement of nuisances in the District 
 of Columbia. 
 
 Apprehension and detention of insane persons in the 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Condemnation of insanitary buildings in the District of 
 Columbia. 
 
 In regard to the commission to examine into the sani- 
 tary condition of the U. S. Government Departments. 
 
 The prevention of communicable diseases in the District 
 of Columbia. 
 
 In regard to physicians to the poor. 
 
 February 24th — In regard to the registration of physi- 
 cians in the District of Columbia. 
 
 In regard to the issuance of patents covering operations 
 on the human body or methods to be employed in opera- 
 tions. 
 
 March 6th — Legislation on tuberculosis in the District 
 of Columbia. 
 
 1905 — November 8th — To control the pollution of the 
 Potomac water. 
 
 In regard to the pharmacy and poison law. 
 
 1906 — January loth — Endorsing the efforts of the Com- 
 missioners of the District of Columbia to secure an appro- 
 priation for erection of hospital for consumptives. 
 
 Recommending that the proper representatives of the 
 Society join the Association of State Medical Journals. 
 
 January 17th — Recommending that the Society meet at 
 the Columbian University. 
 
 In regard to preliminary steps toward preventing pollu- 
 tion of interstate streams. 
 
 March i6th — Legislation in regard to the insane of the 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 1
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 1 97 
 
 May 9th — Memorial protesting against passage of bill 
 to regulate practice of osteopathy in the District of Colum- 
 bia. 
 
 December 5th — Report of action of committee on osteo- 
 pathic bill. 
 
 1907 — January 7th — In regard to the reclamation of the 
 Anacostia flats. 
 
 In regard to the American Medical Union. 
 
 January 23d — In regard to regulation of production and 
 sale of milk in District of Columbia. 
 
 February 20th — In regard to the osteopathic bill. 
 
 March 20th — Thanking Dr. G. h. Magruder for his work 
 in regard to the milk supply in the District of Columbia. 
 
 In regard to the spread of communicable diseases in the 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 May 2 2d — In regard to the proposed building of a place 
 for meetings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, etc. 
 
 November 20th — In regard to transferring legislative 
 matters from the Medical Society to the Medical Associa- 
 tion of the District. 
 
 December 4th — Ditto. 
 
 1908 — May 13th — In regard to the proposed weekly 
 periodical of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 
 
 February 26, 1902, the Committee on Public Health 
 made a report recommending that the laws of the District 
 in regard to poisons be amended so as to include methyl 
 alcohol and all substances known to contain it, in the list 
 of poisons.* The committee also recommended that a 
 printed copy of a paper read before the Society by Dr. S. 
 M. Burnett, on the same subject, be sent to the Commis- 
 sioners of the District and the District Committees of 
 Congress. The Executive Committee of the Society was 
 
 * See Report of the Health Officer, 1900, p. 74.
 
 198 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 requested to make an effort to secure appropriate legisla- 
 tion, 
 
 March 5th, the Society authorized the Executive Com- 
 mittee to endorse a bill (Senate Bill 3244) creating a 
 commission for the condemnation of unsanitary buildings, 
 etc., and to take such action as might be necessary to se- 
 cure the legislation. January 27, 1904, the committee 
 reported that two bills in relation to this subject were be- 
 fore the Senate (2131 and 3155, House 6289 and 9293). 
 The committee was instructed to favor the better legisla- 
 tion. 
 
 April 2, 1902, the Executive Committee made a report 
 favoring the consolidation of all the medical work of the 
 District Government under one officer, namely, the Health 
 Officer.* The committee was authorized to take appro- 
 priate action, 
 
 April 1 6th, the Executive Committee made a report 
 recommending a bill to regulate the sale of viruses and se- 
 rums in the District of Columbia. The Society endorsed 
 the recommendation and authorized the committee to 
 take appropriate action, f 
 
 ]\Iay 14th, a committee of Maryland physicians — Drs, 
 Griffith, Taylor and Perry — appeared before the Society, 
 asking its aid in obtaining legislation that would secure 
 reciprocity in medical practice between Maryland and the 
 District, The matter was referred to the Executive Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 June 4th, by invitation of Dr. A, B. Richardson, Super- 
 intendent of the Government Hospital for the Insane, D. C, 
 many members of the Society visited the hospital and were 
 entertained by the hospital staff. A paper on " The treat- 
 ment of acute insanity" was read by Dr. Richardson, and 
 
 * See Wash. Med. Annals, 1902, I, p. 269. 
 t See Wash. Med. Annals, 1902. I, p. 274.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 1 99 
 
 an inspection made of the hospital by the members of the 
 Society. 
 
 January 14, 1903, the Society endorsed the proposition 
 that a medical man should be appointed upon the Isthmian 
 Canal Commission, 
 
 ASSOCIATION OF STATE MEDICAL JOURNALS. 
 
 March 9, 1904, a letter was read to the Society from Dr. 
 J. O. Bullitt, Secretary of the Kentucky State Medical 
 Association, asking the appointment of a delegate to a 
 meeting to be held at Atlantic City to organize an associa- 
 tion of State medical journals. The letter was referred to 
 the Editorial Committee, which reported March 30th, 
 recommending that the delegate be appointed as requested. 
 Accordingly, Dr. D. S. Lamb was appointed, with Dr. W. 
 A. Wells as alternate. 
 
 May 24, 1905, Dr. G. M. Kober was appointed delegate 
 to the Association of State Medical Journals. 
 
 January 10, 1906, the Society authorized those who 
 should be the proper representatives of the Society, namely, 
 the members of the Editorial Committee, to join the Asso- 
 ciation of State Medical Journals. 
 
 November 16, 1904, Drs. G. M. Kober, H. L. E. Johnson 
 and N. P. Barnes were appointed delegates to the Pan- 
 American Medical Congress, to meet at Panama. 
 
 November 22, 1905, Dr. G. Wythe Cook was appointed to 
 represent the Society at the meeting of the Civic Center, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 November 29th, a joint meeting of the Anthropological 
 Society and Medical Society was held at the room of the 
 latter. The subject " Diseases among the Indians" was
 
 200 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 discussed by Dr. A. Hrdlicka, of the U. S. National Mu- 
 seum.* 
 
 REVIEWERS. 
 
 December 13, 1905, Dr. McLaughlin, in his Presidential 
 address, recommended that " a number of the younger mem- 
 bers should be selected to review the progress made during 
 the year in the different specialties and in general med- 
 icine," and appointed a member and a subject for each 
 month of 1906 during the session of the Society, the re- 
 viewer to alternate with the monthly essayist. The cus- 
 tom of appointing reviewers then inaugurated has since 
 then been followed each year by the retiring President. 
 
 January 17, 1906, the Society requested the Commissioners 
 of the District to take steps to bring about a meeting of the 
 Supervising Surgeon General of the U. S. P. H. and M. H. 
 S. and the chief of the Bureau of Hydro-economics of the 
 Geological Survey, to consider the subject of the pollution 
 of interstate streams. 
 
 March 7th, the Executive Committee made a report re- 
 commending the establishment of a public crematorium as 
 a means of limiting the spread of contagious diseases. Also 
 recommending Senate Bill 3644, relating to police sur- 
 geons. The Society adopted both recommendations. The 
 committee opposed the incorporation by Congress (Senate 
 Bill 3603) of the American Institute for Drug Proving, un- 
 less the bill should state that it was in the interest solely 
 of the Homeopathic school. The Society endorsed the 
 position of the committee. The committee also reported 
 favorably House Bill 4462, regulating child labor. Also 
 House Bill 8997, regulating the practice of pharmacy ; 
 Senate Bill 47, creating a board for the condemnation of 
 unsanitary buildings ; and Senate Bill 2475, in regard to 
 
 * See Wash. Med. Annals, 1905, IV, p. 372.
 
 51
 
 52
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 20I 
 
 the public schools of the District, recommending the con- 
 tinuation of medical inspection and the appointment of 
 visiting school nurses. All of which were approved by 
 the Society. 
 
 March 14th, the Society approved the bill for the im- 
 provement of the Anacostia flats ; Senate Bill 4506, for 
 the registration of births ; and the regulation by the 
 Health Officer of the sanitary condition of barber shops. 
 Also House Bill 15,918, regulating the manufacture and 
 sale of patent and proprietary remedies, and Senate Bill 
 4830, for the registration of deaths and removal of dead 
 bodies. 
 
 April nth, the Society appointed a committee — Drs. 
 Sowers, S. S. Adams, Hickling, Nichols and S. Ruffin — to 
 cooperate with a corresponding committee of the Homeo- 
 pathic Medical Society in regard to the common interests 
 of the medical profession. 
 
 The same date, the Executive Committee reported to 
 the Society, objecting to House Bill 16,955, ^^ regulate 
 the practice of osteopathy in the District of Columbia, and 
 approved Senate Bill 51 18, favoring legislation toward 
 preventing scarlet fever, etc. 
 
 May 9th, the Society adopted a memorial to Congress, 
 opposing the bill regarding osteopathy. 
 
 May 23d, a letter was read from the Red Cross Associa- 
 tion, asking donations of books and instruments for San 
 Francisco physicians who had lost books and instruments 
 in the San Francisco earthquake and fire. The Society 
 authorized the Librarian to receive and transmit such 
 donations.* 
 
 October 3d, a letter was read from Hon. Wm. H. De- 
 Lacey, Judge of the Juvenile Court of the District, asking 
 the cooperation of the medical profession in certain aspects 
 
 * See Annals, V, p. 427.
 
 202 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 of the work of that Court. The letter was referred to the 
 Executive Committee. 
 
 December 5th, the Executive Committee was instructed 
 to appear before the Committee on Legislation of the 
 Amer. Med. Association and oppose the " Osteopathy" bill. 
 The Executive Committee was also directed to aid in se- 
 curing the establishment of a bacteriological laboratory for 
 the Health Department of the District. 
 
 January 7, 1907, the Executive Committee was instruct- 
 ed to cooperate with the Commissioners of the District of 
 Columbia in securing the passage of a bill before Congress 
 for the reclamation of the Anacostia flats ; also to oppose 
 the bill in Congress to incorporate the "American Medical 
 Union." 
 
 March 27th, the Executive Committee was instructed to 
 consider a letter received in regard to the desirability of a 
 home for the Washington Academy of Sciences and the 
 affiliated societies. May 22d, the committee reported, en- 
 dorsing the project as advisable, and stating that the Society 
 would require a room large enough to accommodate 500 
 persons, and a small room for its library, safe, etc., and 
 would be willing to pay about $200 per year as rent ; and 
 pledged the cooperation of the Society in the effort to pro- 
 vide the desired building. The report was adopted. 
 
 THE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 April loth and 24th, a committee, consisting of Drs. 
 Acker, W. F. R. Phillips, L. Mackall, J. D. Morgan and 
 J. W. Chappell, was appointed to meet a similar committee 
 of the Medical Association, D. C, to consider the relations 
 of the Medical Society and Medical Association. May 
 15th, the committee reported, recommending that the con- 
 stitution of the Medical Association be so amended as to
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 203 
 
 provide for the consideration of all matters relative to ques- 
 tions of legislation on medical subjects both general and 
 local ; and that the Medical Association be so constituted 
 as to make it sufficiently a scientific body to have it 
 conform to the requirements of the American Medical 
 Association. The report was adopted and the committee 
 continued. 
 
 November 20th, the Executive Committee recommended 
 that the legislative matters in its hands be transferred to 
 the corresponding committee of the Medical Association of 
 the District. December 4th, a resolution was adopted by 
 the Society providing that the Executive Committee should 
 suspend consideration of any legislative matters then pend- 
 ing before Congress until otherwise instructed by the 
 Society. 
 
 April 15, 1908, the Society was entertained at St. Eliza- 
 beth Hospital for the Insane, D. C, by invitation of the 
 Superintendent, Dr. Wm. A. White. 
 
 May 13th, the Executive Committee reported favorably 
 on a proposition of the Washington Academy of Sciences 
 to publish a weekly periodical ; and the Society adopted 
 the report. 
 
 January 4, 1909, a letter was read from Dr. W. A. White, 
 Superintendent Government Hospital for the Insane, in- 
 viting the members of the Society to attend meetings of 
 the staff of that hospital, at which papers would be read 
 upon psychiatry, etc. The Society accepted the invitation 
 and ordered that the notice of the meetings should appear 
 on the program cards of the Society. 
 
 January 27th, the Executive Committee recommended 
 that the Society approve the Medical Practice Act then 
 before Congress. The Society gave its approval. 
 
 February loth, the Editorial Committee was authorized
 
 204 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 to publish the dates of meetings of the medical societies of 
 the District. 
 
 April 2ist, Dr. Biscoe requested a ruling from the Presi- 
 dent as to the right of members to smoke during the meet- 
 ings of the Society. The President ruled that smoking was 
 out of order, basing his decision on the long established 
 custom of the Society. 
 
 April 28th, a letter was received from the Secretary of 
 the Washington Academy of Sciences setting forth a pro- 
 position to cooperate with the George Washington Me- 
 morial Association in efforts to erect a memorial building 
 to George Washington, the building to provide meeting 
 places for the Academy of Sciences and its affiliated societies, 
 and asking the Medical Society to appoint a committee to 
 consider the matter jointly with one from the Academy. 
 Drs. I. S. Stone, McLaughlin and Shute were appointed. 
 
 May 5th, the following were appointed delegates to the 
 Pharmacopoeial Convention : Drs. Motter, Chappell and 
 Prentiss.
 
 MEMBERSHIP.
 
 MEMBERSHIP. 
 
 HONORx\RY MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 ELECTED IN 1819. 
 
 Wii,UAM BBans, Upper Marlboro, Md., Died Oct. 12, 1823. 
 
 JOHANN Heinrich ChausepiE, Hamburg, Germany. Died. 
 James Mann, Asst. Surg., U.S. A., Died Nov. 7, 1832. 
 
 Samuel Latham Mitchili., New York City, Died Sept. 7, 1831. 
 
 John Spence, Dumfries, Va., Died May 18, 1829. 
 
 1820 
 
 Nathaniel Chapman, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Joshua Fisher, Beverley, Mass., 
 John McClellan, Greencastle, Pa., 
 William N. Mercer, New Orleans, La. 
 
 Died July i, 1853. 
 Died March 21, 1833. 
 Died 1836. 
 Died. 
 
 1821 
 
 Parker ClEaveland, Brunswick, Me., 
 
 Daniel Coney, Augusta, Me., 
 
 Thomas Tickell Heu^son, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 James Jackson, Boston, Mass., 
 
 Philip Syng Physick, Philadelphia, Pa., 
 
 Nathaniel Potter, Baltimore, Md., 
 
 John Collins Warren, Boston, Mass., 
 
 Benjamin WaTERhouse, Boston, Mass., 
 
 Died Oct. 15, 1858. 
 Died Jan. 21, 1842. 
 Died Feb. 17," 1848. 
 Died Aug. 27, 1867. 
 Died Dec. 15, 1837. 
 Died July 2, 1843. 
 Died May 4, 1856. 
 Died Oct. 2, 1846. 
 
 1823 
 
 Joseph Parrish, Philadelphia, Pa., 
 
 Died March 18, 1840. 
 
 1839 
 
 Lewis Fields Linn, St. Louis, Mo., 
 Luther Riley, Pennsylvania, 
 William Taylor, Manlius, N. Y., 
 
 Died Oct. 3, 1843. 
 
 Died. 
 
 Died Sept. 16, 1865.
 
 208 
 
 MEDICAID SOCIETY 
 
 1866 
 
 Joseph K* Barnes, Surg. Gen., U. S. A., 
 
 1874 
 
 William Maxwell Wood, Surg. Gen., U. S. N. 
 Joseph Janvier Woodward, Surg., U. S. A., 
 
 1815 
 
 John Shaw Billings, Surgeon, U. S. A., 
 Charles Henry Crane, Surg. Gen., U. S. A., 
 George Alexander Otis, Surg., U. S. A., 
 
 1892 
 
 fTHOMAS AnTisELL, Washington, D. C, 
 
 1895 
 
 Died April 5, 1S83. 
 
 Died March i, 1880. , 
 Died Aug. 17, 1884. 
 
 New York City. 
 Died Oct, 10, 1883. 
 Died Feb. 23, 1881. 
 
 Died June 14, 1893. 
 
 Thomas Almond Ashby, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 fBEDFORD Brown, Alexandria, Va., 
 
 Landon Carter Gray, New York City, 
 
 William Osler, Baltimore, Md., 
 
 W. H. Palmer, Providence, R. I. 
 
 Theophilus Parvin, Philadelphia, Pa., 
 
 Moses Wadleigh Russell, Concord, N. H., 
 
 Frederick Cheever Shattuck, Boston, Mass. 
 
 George Miller Sternberg, Surg. Gen., U.S.A., Washington, D. C. 
 
 James Rufus Tryon, Surg. Gen., U. S. N. 
 
 Walter Wyman, Sup. Surg. Gen., U. S. M. H. S., Washington, D. C 
 
 Died Sept. 13, 1897. 
 Died May 8, 1900. 
 Now Oxford, Engl'd. 
 
 Died Jan. 29, 1898. 
 Died April 18, 1896. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 1896 
 
 Robert Fletcher, Army Med. Library, 
 
 1900 
 
 Abraham Jacobi, New York City. 
 
 1905 
 
 William Williams Keen, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 John Herr Musser, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 * General Barnes used the letter " K" to distinguish himself from another Dr. Joseph 
 Barnes, 
 t See name also among active members.
 
 53
 
 Joyce Enq. 
 
 54
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 2O9 
 
 ACTIVE MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 The names of the active members of the Society have 
 been arranged in the order in which they were elected to 
 membership, so far as the dates could be ascertained. Jan- 
 uary. 5, 1870, the constitution was amended to the effect 
 that thereafter a member elect should become an actual 
 member on signing the constitution and by-laws. As 
 more than one hundred members since 1838 have not signed 
 the constitution at all, and some signed many years after 
 election, the only equitable arrangement prior to 1870 seems 
 to be according to the date of election. 
 
 The records in many cases are defective, and in such 
 cases the date of election can only be approximate ; some 
 persons were nominated to membership, but there is no 
 date at all of their election although they paid their assess- 
 ments and were recognized as members. There are many 
 mistakes and contradictions in the records, such as inev- 
 itably occur to some extent in all records, especially those 
 which have been kept by different officers, having different 
 degrees of accuracy in their methods. It is believed, how- 
 ever, that in the main the following records of elections 
 are correct ; certainly very much valuable time has been 
 spent in the effort to make them so. 
 
 May 10, 1889, the attention of the Society was called to 
 the fact that some members had never signed the constitu- 
 tion, and a committee was appointed, consisting of Drs. 
 Toner, T. C. Smith and Franzoni, to "ascertain and report 
 the names and number of such physicians, the status and 
 seniority, if any, of such membership, how such defect or 
 lapsed membership may be determined and corrected, and 
 how the seniority of such incomplete or lapsed membership 
 
 14
 
 2IO MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 may be adjusted with fairness and justice to the seniority 
 of complete membership. The committee shall also deter- 
 mine and prepare, on or before the first Monday in Jan- 
 uary, 1894, a full and complete roster, arranged according 
 to seniority of membership, of every living resident mem- 
 ber ; to each must be affixed the date and place of birth, 
 the date of graduation in medicine, with name of alma 
 mater^ together with all scientific degrees and institution, 
 with date of such decoration." 
 
 June 7th, the committee reported the names of members 
 who had failed to sign the constitution, and recommended 
 that opportunity should be given to them to sign and in 
 that way preserve their seniority. The report and recom. 
 mendation were adopted. 
 
 In addition to the records named in the Preface as having 
 been consulted in preparing the general history, the follow- 
 ing have also been consulted for personal histories : 
 
 Dictionary of American Biography ; by F. S. Drake ; 
 Boston, 1872. 
 
 History of the Medical Department, U. S. Army, 1775 
 to 1873; by H. E. Brown; Washington, 1873. 
 
 Medical Register and Directory of the United States ; by 
 S. W. Butler ; Philadelphia, 1874. 
 
 Physicians and Surgeons of the United States ; by W. B. 
 Atkinson; Philadelphia, 1878 and 1880. 
 
 Alphabetical list of Battles and Roster of Regimental 
 Surgeons; N. S. Strait; Washington, 1882. 
 
 Polk's Medical Directory ; nine editions, 1886 to date. 
 
 Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biographies ; New 
 York, 1887-9 I 6 volumes. 
 
 Army and Navy Register ; T. H. S. Hamersly ; New 
 York, 1888. 
 
 Biography of Eminent American Physicians and Sur- 
 geons ; by R. F. Stone; Indianapolis, 1894.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 211 
 
 Physicians and Surgeons of America ; by I. A. Watson ; 
 Concord, N. H., 1896. 
 
 lyist of Officers of Army of United States, 1779 to 1900 ; 
 by W. H. Powell ; New York, 1900. 
 
 Howard University Medical Department ; by D. S. 
 Lamb ; Washington, 1900. 
 
 History of the City of Washington ; by the Washington 
 Post^ 1903. 
 
 Notable Americans ; Twentieth Century Biographical 
 Dictionary ; by Johnston and Brown ; Boston, 1904 ; 10 
 volumes. 
 
 American Men of Science ; by J. M. Cattell ; New York, 
 1906. 
 
 The War of the Rebellion ; 106 volumes. 
 
 Who's Who in America ; four editions. 
 
 Georgetown University in the District of Columbia ; 
 New York, 1907. 
 
 University of Maryland ; New York and Chicago, 1907; 
 2 volumes. 
 
 American Biographical Directory; Washington, 1908. 
 
 In order to save space some abbreviations have been 
 used in the sketches, all of which probably are self-explan- 
 atory ; but lest some should not be so, it may be stated that 
 the letters A. M. A. mean the American Medical Associa- 
 tion ; U. S. A., the United States Army ; U. S. N., the 
 United States Navy ; U. S. P. H. and M. H. S., the United 
 States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service ; C. S. 
 A., Confederate States Army ; M. C. F., Maryland, Med. 
 and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland; N. G., National 
 Guard ; G. A. R., Grand Army of the Republic ; A. A. A. S., 
 American Association for the Advancement of Science. 
 
 Names of Colleges and Universities are briefly stated ; 
 thus, Georgetown is Georgetown College or University, D. 
 C. Where an institution has been known by several names,
 
 212 MEDICAID SOCIETY 
 
 that by which it has been longest and best known has been 
 adopted in the sketches ; thus, the present Medical Dept. 
 of George Washington University was at first known as 
 the Med. Dept. of Columbian College ; in 1847 this was 
 changed to " National" Medical College, with the pro- 
 vision, however, that the relation to Columbian College 
 should continue. In 1873 ^^^ Columbian College became 
 Columbian University. In 1894 the name "National" 
 was dropped. In fact, there was at the time another col- 
 lege in Washington known by the name of the Med. Dept. 
 of the National University. In 1904 " Columbian" was 
 changed to " George Washington" University. In these 
 sketches the institution is known as Columbian. 
 
 No mention is made in the individual sketches of mem- 
 bership or of offices held in the Medical Society (except 
 only in a few instances) because, as a matter of course, the 
 mere fact of the presence of the name indicates such mem- 
 bership ; and there are lists of officers in the Appendix. 
 
 Authorship. — An examination of the Index Catalogue of 
 the Surgeon General's Library will show that altogether 
 the members of this Society have published some books, 
 large and small, and very many papers in the medical peri- 
 odicals. The list is so extensive that, while at first it was 
 the intention to publish under the name of each member 
 the titles of all his literary productions, it was found that 
 the publication would require much more space than could 
 possibly be given thereto. As it would be invidious to 
 publish for one and not another, it was decided to simply 
 state the fact that such lists can be found under the re- 
 spective names in the said Index Catalogue, to which the 
 inquirer is therefore referred. The titles of the more im- 
 portant works, as books, have been mentioned under the 
 members' names. 
 
 As originally prepared, the following sketches were
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 2I3 
 
 rather full ; a revision was necessary and was made, but it 
 was evident that even with this revision they would occupy 
 more space than could legitimately be given to them. Ac- 
 cordingly a second revision was made, reducing them to 
 statements of the facts of little more than the medical life 
 of the individual. The sketches begin with a synopsis of 
 the birth of the individual, his degrees and whence de- 
 rived, and prominent military or civil positions held. 
 Where biographical sketches had been previously pub- 
 lished the references thereto are given, so that the inquirer 
 can consult them. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 26, 1817 
 
 1. CHARLES WORTHINGTON— Born Oct. 8, 1759, "Summer Hill," 
 Anne Arundel Co., Md. M. B., 1782, Univ. Penna. One of the founders 
 of the Med. and Chirurg. Faculty of Maryland ; an incorporator of the 
 Medical Society, D. C, under its first charter. Father of Dr. N. W. 
 Worthington, infra. Died Sept. lo, 1836. [His grandfather, John 
 Worthington, was the first of the family in America.] Studied medicine 
 with Dr. James Murray, of Annapolis, Md. Was Surgeon to four barges, 
 "Maryland flotilla," captured in Chesapeake Bay, 1782. Removed to 
 Georgetown, Md., in 1783 ; lived on "Quality Hill," corner of Prospect and 
 Fayette Streets. One of the founders of St. John's Church, Georgetown, 
 the second Episcopal Church in the District of Columbia. Dressed in 
 the old style, hair en queue, knee breeches, long stockings, shoe buckles. 
 Drove a coach and four. The first President of the Medical Society. 
 He and Dr. Frederick May were the most influential medical men of the 
 time in the District. At the time of the battle of Bladensburg and the 
 burning of Washington some wounded British officers were brought to 
 Worthington's house. He "so won the hearts of the English by his 
 hospitality and skillful care that one of the oflicers presented him with a 
 gold snuffbox." Married Miss Elizabeth Booth, of Jamestown, Va. 
 See Trans. Med. Soc, 75th Anniv., p. 30; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 
 122 ; Minutes Med. Society, Feb. i, 1904 ; Wash. Med. Annals, 1905-6, 
 IV, p. 71; Cordell, Med. Annals of Maryland, 1903, p. 632. 
 
 2. JAMES HEIGHE BLAKE— Born June 11, 1768, Calvert Co., Md. 
 Graduated, 1789, at American Med. Society, Philadelphia; not M. D. Was 
 an incorporator of the Med . Society, D. C. , under the first charter ; Medical 
 Supervisor of Hospitals, Washington, in 1814; Mayor of Washington, 
 1813-17. Father of Dr. J. B. Blake, infra. Died July 26, 1819. [Son of
 
 214 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Joseph and Mary Heighe Blake; descendant of a family of lower Marj-- 
 land planters, who came to the colony soon after its first settlement.] 
 Removed to Georgetown soon after 1789. Built a house S. W. corner 
 Gay and Congress Streets, and began to practice. In iSoo removed to 
 Colchester, Va.; was chosen a member of the Legislature. In 1809 re- 
 sumed practice in Washington, and was also appointed Collector of 
 Internal Revenue, D. C. Largely through his efforts the charter of 
 Washington was changed, and he became Mayor in June, 1813 ; was re- 
 elected annuall}' till 1S18. In 1818-19 was Register of Wills, D. C. 
 Married in 1789. See Busey's Reminiscences, p. 125. 
 
 3. HENRY HUNTT— Born in Maryland, 1782. Licentiate of Med, 
 and Chirurg. Faculty, Maryland ; Honorary M. D., 1824, Univ. Md. An 
 incorporator of the Medical Society under both charters; Hospital Sur- 
 geon, U. S. Army, 1814-15. The first Health Officer of Washington, 
 afterward President of Board of Health, 1822-33. Consulting physician, 
 Central Cholera Hospital, 1S32; one of the founders of the Med. Associ- 
 ation, D. C; member Washington Med. Society; delegate to Amer. 
 Pharm. Convention, 1819; established a Dispensary in Washington, Oct. 
 20, 1819. Died Sept. 21, 1838. Author of " Observations on a change of 
 climate in pulmonary consumption," etc., Washington, 1834; "A visit 
 to the Red vSulphur Springs of Virginia," etc., Washington, 1838, Boston, 
 1839, Philadelphia, 1853. See Brown's History, p. 270; Powell's History. 
 p. 107; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 133; Medical Examiner, Philadel- 
 phia, 1838, p. 363. 
 
 4. THOMAS HENDERSON— Born Jan. 6, 1789, Dumfries, Va. M. D., 
 1809, Univ. Penna. An incorporator of the Society under the first char- 
 ter ; Assist. Surgeon, U. S. Army. Died Aug. 11, 1854, at his son-in-law's, 
 Gen. F. H. Smith, Commandant Va. Mil. Institute, Lexington, Va. 
 [Son of Alexander Henderson, of Dumfries, prominent as a friend of the 
 colonies in the war of the American Revolution ; brother of Gen. Archi- 
 bald Henderson, many years Commandant, U. S. Marine Corps.] Began 
 practice in Warrenton, Va. In 18x6 removed to Georgetown, D. C, and 
 in 1826 to Washington. In 1824-33 ^^s Prof. Theory and Practice of 
 Medicine, Columbian Med. College, Washington. In 1833 was appointed 
 Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Served on various medical boards for examination 
 of candidates for admission to army medical staff. On the basis of his 
 recommendations the Medical Corps was reorganized in 1834. It is be- 
 lieved that the establishment of the Naval School at Annapolis was partly 
 due to his letters to the Secretary of the Navy in 1845. He was largely 
 instrumental in the rebuilding of Christ Church, Georgetown, and in 
 building Trinity Church, Washington. In his house were held the 
 conferences that led to the establishment of the Theological Seminary,
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 215 
 
 Alexandria, Va. Author of " Epitome of the physiology, general anat- 
 omy and pathology of Bichat," Philadelphia, 1829; "Hints on the 
 medical examination of recruits for the Army," etc., Philadelphia, 1840, 
 1856. See Brown's History, p. 292 ; Powell's History, p. 369 ; Busey's 
 Reminiscences, p. 135. 
 
 5. WILLIAM JONES— Born April 12, 1790, Rockville, Md. Under- 
 graduate, Univ. Penna., 1812. Licentiate, Med. and Chirurg. Faculty, 
 Maryland ; not M. D. Was an incorporator of the Society under both 
 charters. Hospital Surgeon's Mate, U. S. Army, 1813-15. One of the 
 founders of the Med. Association, D. C, and President, 1850-8. Post- 
 master of Washington, 1829-39, 1841-5, 1858-61. Died June 25, 1867. 
 One of the founders of Washington Med. Institute and Med. Association, 
 D. C. Educated in Breckenridge's classical school, "Harewood" (now 
 part of Soldiers' Home Park), and his Academy at Rockville. Studied 
 medicine with Dr. Tyler, of Frederick, Md. After taking one course of 
 lectures at Univ. Penna. he entered the U. S. Army. Assistant to Dr. J. 
 H. Blake, sicpra, in the military hospital near U. S. Arsenal, Washington. 
 At the close of the war of 1812 he formed a partnership with Dr. Blake, 
 and when the latter died, fell heir to his practice. Member of the noted 
 "Jackson Central Committee" that antagonized President John Quincy 
 Adams. Member of Washington Med. Institute, National Institute and 
 Patholog. Society, Washington. See Brown's History ; Powell's History ; 
 Minutes of Med. Society, June 26, 1867; Trans. A. M. A., 1868, XIX, 
 p. 433 ; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 127 ; Biograph. Sketch, by J. B. 
 Blake, 1867 ; Cordell's Med. Annals of Maryland, 1903, p. 461. 
 
 6. THOMAS SIM— Born 1770, Frederick Co., Md. Son of Dr. Joseph 
 Sim. Removed to Washington about 1810. M. B., 1820; M. D., 1823, 
 Univ. Penna. An incorporator of the Society under its first charter. 
 Married Harriet Love, of Langley, Va. In 1813 (June 26) delivered a 
 eulogy on Dr. Benj. Rush, one of the signers of the Declaration of 
 Independence and sometime Physician-General of the Continental Army. 
 Died of epidemic cholera, Sept. 13, 1832, while President of the Society. 
 See Busey's Reminiscences, p. 138. 
 
 7. ALEXANDER McWILLIAMS— Born in 1775, St. Mary's Co., Md. 
 Undergraduate Med. Dept. Univ. Penna.; Honorary M, D., 1841, Colum- 
 bian. Incorporator of the Society under both charters ; Asst. Surgeon, 
 U. S. Navy, 1802-5 ; President of Med. Association, D. C, 1847-50. 
 Father of Dr. Alexander McWilliams, infra. Died March 31, 1850. [Was 
 of Scotch descent. The first of the family who came to this country. 
 Escaped from threatened arrest for treason on account of political con- 
 nection with the party of the Pretender.] Served in the Tripolitan War; 
 was present at the burning of the " Philadelphia." On his return voy-
 
 2 1 6 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 age was taken ill with a continued fever and was left at Gibraltar for 
 several weeks. Returned home on the frigate " Constitution," and was 
 then stationed at the Navy Yard, Washington. Soon afterward resigned 
 from the Navy and commenced private practice, locating near the Navy 
 Yard, which was in the most thickly populated part of the city. It is 
 said that Dr. Frederick May expressed to him regret that he should 
 commence the practice of medicine in this city, because there was no 
 more business than May could conveniently attend to. He gave at- 
 tention to the natural sciences, especially botany, to the neglect of his 
 professional work. Sometime Professor of Botany in Columbian Med. 
 College. Published " Flora of the District of Columbia." Member of Bot- 
 anic Club that published in 1830 " Prodromus of the Flora Columbiana," 
 Built a conservatory and aviary and made a large collection of minerals. 
 Invented a ship gauge that was approved by a board of naval officers ; 
 some of his models were destroyed in the Patent Office fire. Was the 
 first physician in this country to use adhesive plaster for extension in 
 fracture. Consulting physician to Eastern Cholera Hospital, 1832; phy- 
 sician to Washington Asylum, 1815-50. Member Med Institute, National 
 Institute and Patholog. Society of Washington. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, April i, 1850; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 132; Therap. Gaz., 
 Sept. 15, 1894. 
 
 8. ROBERT FRENCH— Born in 1787,* D. C. M. D., 1809, Univ. 
 Penna. Practiced medicine for a while in Georgetown. Incorporator of 
 the Society under the first charter; Asst. Surgeon, U. S. Army and Asst. 
 Surgeon, U. S. Navy, 1S20-35. Died. Aug. 13, 1835. See Brown's His- 
 tory, p. 290; Powell's History, p. 319. 
 
 9. SAMUEL CABELL HORSLEY— Born in I798,t Amherst Co., Va. 
 Probably not M. D. Incorporator of the Society under the first charter ; 
 Asst. Surgeon and Surgeon U. S. Navy, 1809-14. Died Sept. 8, 1821 
 or 1828, at Portsmouth, Va. Educated at Washington College, now 
 Washington and Lee Univ., Va., 1804-6. Was on Perry's flagship at 
 Battle of Lake Erie, escaping with Perry in an open boat when the ship 
 went down. Married Mary Ann Banning-Denny, of Talbot Co., Md. 
 See Hamersly's Register. 
 
 10. JAMES T. JOHNSON— M. D. Incorporator of the Society under 
 the first charter. Nothing more known of him. 
 
 11. J. PONTE COULANT McMAHON— M. D. Surgeon's Mate, 
 3d U. S. Inf.; Post Surgeon; Asst. Surgeon and Surgeon, U. S. Army, 
 resigning Oct. 30, 1834. Died April 14, 1837, at New Orleans, La. See 
 Brown's History, pp. 281-290; Powell's History, p. 473. 
 
 *Probably Maryland ; the District was not created until 1790. 
 
 tSo stated in the catalogue, 1885, but evidently a mistake; probably 1778.
 
 
 iVk* 
 
 
 WM. PEYTON TUCKER 
 
 JAMES RICHARDTUBMAN 
 
 Joyce fn^ Co. 
 
 55
 
 .S6
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 21 7 
 
 12. PEREGRINE WARFIELD— Born Feb. 8, 1779, Anne Arundel 
 Co., Md. [Son of Dr. C. A. and Eliza Warfield ; he was one of the 
 founders of the Med. and Chirurg. Faculty of Maryland.] Licentiate, 
 1817, Med. and Chirurg. Faculty ; practiced a few years at Liberty, Md. ; 
 married Harriet, daughter of Dr. Francis Sappington, of Liberty. In 
 the political riots in Baltimore, 181 2, was wounded while defending the 
 Federalist Press of Hon. C. A. C. Hanson. Removed to Georgetown, 
 D. C. Incorporator of Medical Society under both charters. Died at 
 Georgetown, July 24, 1856. See Minutes Med. Society, Aug. 5, 1856 ; 
 Busey's Reminiscences, p. 129 ; Cordell's Med, Annals Maryland, 1903, 
 p. 609. 
 
 13. GEORGE CLARKE (spelled both with and without the terminal 
 " e"). Born in Essex Co., Va. M. D., 1810, Univ. Penna. Incorporator 
 of the Society under the first charter. Died, Oct. 5 or 10, 1822, Essex Co., 
 Va., where he had gone on a professional visit. 
 
 14. BENJAMIN SCHENKMYER BOHRER— Born April 6, 1788, 
 D. C* M. D., 1810, Univ. Penna. Incorporator of the Society under the 
 first charter. Sometime President of Board of Health, Georgetown. 
 Died Aug. 19, 1862, of paralysis. Educated at private academy. Studied 
 medicine with Dr. Chas. Worthington, supra. Practiced awhile in 
 Georgetown, D. C. Removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1822 ; appointed 
 Prof. Materia Medica, Ohio Med. College. Served several sessions, then 
 returned to Georgetown. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; delegate, 1851, to 
 Amer. Med. Assn. Visitor to Govt. Hosp. Insane, D. C. Married twice — 
 first, Eliza, daughter of Nathan and Jane Luffborough ; afterwards, Mrs. 
 Maria (Taylor) Forrest. Was the originator of the project to establish 
 an insane asylum in this District. See Minutes Med. Society, Aug. 20, 
 1862; Trans. A. M. A., 1880, XXXI, p. 1018 ; Busey's Reminiscences, 
 p. 129. 
 
 15. JOHN HARRISON— Born in Prince George Co., Md. Probably 
 not M. D. Incorporator of the Society under the first charter; Surgeon's 
 Mate, U. S. Navy. Died March 4, 1825. [His father emigrated from 
 England and became a successful planter in Maryland, where he mar- 
 ried a Miss Contee.] Studied medicine with Dr. John Tyler, of Freder- 
 ick, Md. Was many years Surgeon at Washington Navy Yard. Married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John and Catherine (Gibson) Hoffman, of Fred- 
 erick. A son, John Hoffman Harrison, became an eminent physician. 
 
 16. NICHOLAS WILLIAM WORTHINGTON— Born 1789, D. C* M. 
 D., 1815, Univ. Penna. Incorporator of the Society under both charters. 
 Son of Dr. Charles Worthington, supra. Retired from practice because 
 
 * Probably Maryland ; see note to No. 8.
 
 2 1 8 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 of feeble health, and removed to Brentwood, near Washington. Died 
 July 24 or 30, 1849. See Minutes Med. Society, July 31, 1849; Busey's 
 Reminiscences, p. 121. 
 
 17. JOHN THOMAS SHAAFF— Born 1763, Frederick Co., Md. Prob- 
 ably not M. D.; Licentiate Med. and Chirurg. Faculty, Md. Incorporator 
 of the Medical Society under the first charter. Died April 28, 1S19. One 
 of the founders of the Med. and Chirurg. Faculty ; its Treasurer, 1799- 
 1801; member of "Governor's Council" of Marj-land, 179S-1800. Said 
 to have been an alumnus of Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland. Married 
 Mary Sydebotham, of Bladensburg, Md. June 29, 1807, a public meeting 
 was held at Annapolis, to denounce the attack of the British Frigate 
 " Leopard" upon the U. S. Ship " Chesapeake," on June 22d off Norfolk, 
 and to "support such measures as should be adopted by the Govern- 
 ment." Dr. ShaafF was one of a committee of twelve, including the 
 Governor of the State, "to carry out the resolutions." See Cordell's 
 Med. Annals of Maryland, 1903, p. 564. 
 
 18. FREDERICK MAY— Born Nov. 16, 1773, Boston, Mass. M. B., 
 1795 ; M. D., 181 1, Harvard. Incorporator of the Society under both 
 charters ; President Med. Assn., D. C, 1S33-46. Father of Dr. John 
 Frederick May and brother of Dr. Geo. W. May, infra. Died Jan. 23, 
 1847. Came to Washington in 1795. Physician to the Eastern Cholera 
 Hospital in 1832; member of National Institute, Patholog. Society of 
 Washington, and first Board of Health, Washington. In 1823, on the 
 establishment of the Med. Dept. Columbian College, Washington, he was 
 appointed Professor of Obstetrics. See Minutes Med. Society, Jan. 25, 
 1847, published in Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1847, XXXVI, p. 249; 
 also Drake's Diet. Amer. Biog., 1872, p. 611 ; Busey's Reminiscences, 
 p. 124. 
 
 19. JOEL TRUMBULL GUSTINE— M. D. Incorporator of the So- 
 ciety under the first charter. Died. 
 
 20. ELISHA HARRISON— Born in 1762, Cecil Co., Md. Probably 
 not M. D. Surgeon's Mate, Maryland line, War of the Revolution; mem- 
 ber Society of Cincinnati; one of the founders of the Med. and Chirurg. 
 Faculty, Maryland. Incorporator of the Society under the first charter. 
 Died Aug. 24, 1819. See Cordell's Med. Annals of Maryland, 1903, 
 p. 430- 
 
 21. GEORGE WASHINGTON MAY— Born in 1789, Boston, Mass. 
 A. M., 1810; M. D., 1813, Harvard. Incorporator of the Society under 
 both charters. Brother of Dr. Frederick May, supra. Died in 1845. 
 One of the founders of the Med. Assn., D. C; member Washington Med. 
 Society and Patholog. Society. See Busey's Reminiscences, p. 205.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 219 
 
 22. ARNOLD ELZEY— Born in 1756, Somerset Co., Md. A. M., 
 1775, Princeton ; M. D. (?) Garrison Surgeon's Mate and Post Hospital 
 Surgeon, U. S. Army, 1814-18. Died June 6, 181S. Of English descent. 
 One of the founders of Med. and Chirurg. Faculty of Maryland. Physi- 
 cian to President Madison. See Brown's History, pp. 271, 282 ; Powell's 
 History, pp. 108, 301 ; Cordell's Med. Annals of Maryland, 1903, p. 391. 
 
 23. RICHARD WEIGHTMAN— Born about 1792, Alexandria, D. C. 
 M. D., 1817, Univ. Maryland. Incorporator of the Society under the first 
 charter. Post Surgeon and Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died Oct. 30, 1841, at 
 Fort Marion, Fla. [His father was from Whitehaven, England ; on his 
 mother's side he came of the Chew family, Maryland ; Gen. Robert C. 
 VVeightman, sometime Mayor of Washington, was his brother.] Edu- 
 cated in Alexandria, and at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. When 
 the British entered Washington, in 1814, Weightman was captured and 
 imprisoned. Studied medicine with Drs. J. H. Blake and Wm. Jones, 
 supra. Practiced in Washington until appointed Asst. Surgeon in the 
 Army* was then ordered to Florida and was on duty at St. Augustine, 
 Fla., until his death, which was caused by a wound and exposure. Buried 
 at Weightman's Bluflf, opposite Jacksonville. He never married. See 
 Brown's History, pp. 283, 290 ; Powell's History, p. 661. 
 
 24. EDMUND BRICE ADDISON— Born Oct. 5, 1794, at Oxon Hill, 
 Prince George Co., Md. Educated at St. John's College; studied medi- 
 cine with Dr. George Clarke, supra, and Dr. Philip Syng Dorsey, Phila- 
 delphia. M. D., 1815, Univ. Penna. Practiced in Baltimore, at Upper 
 Marlboro, Reistertown and Owings Mills, Md., till he retired, in 1849, 
 and removed to Alexandria, Va. ; thence to Washington, in 1877, where 
 he died Feb. 14, 1878. Was completely blind from cataract for fifteen 
 years. See Cordell's Med. Annals of Maryland, 1903, p. 298. 
 
 25. EUSHA CULLEN DICK— Born in 1750 or 1752, Chester Co., Pa. 
 M. B., 1782, Univ. Penna. Resided in Alexandria, D. C; was Mayor 
 and Health Officer of Alexandria. Attended Gen. George Washington 
 in his last illness. Colonel of Cavalry. Died Sept. 22, 1825. He came 
 of a distinguished Colonial family of Pennsylvania. Studied medicine 
 with Drs. Benj. Rush and Wm. Shippen, Philadelphia, Pa.; began prac- 
 tice in Alexandria in 1782. He seems to have adopted the name Cullen 
 after graduation. One of the founders and for some years Worshipful 
 Master of the first lodge of Masonry in Alexandria, chartered in 1783, 
 and which became Alexandria Lodge in 1788, with Gen. George Wash- 
 ington as Worshipful Master. After the retirement of General Washing- 
 ton, in 1789, Dr. Dick was re-elected and served for some years. He 
 conducted the Masonic ceremonies at the laying of the corner stone of
 
 2 20 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 the District of Columbia, April 15, 1791, at Jones Point, at the mouth of 
 Hunting Creek, below Alexandria, and when the corner stone of the 
 Capitol at Washington was laid, in 1793, he marched arm-in-arm with 
 Washington and took part with the latter in the ceremonies. He also 
 conducted the Masonic services at the funeral and burial of General 
 Washington, and presided at the Lodge of Sorrow. He was one of the 
 two consulting physicians and the first to arrive in the last sickness of 
 General Washington, and remained with the illustrious patient during 
 the last hours of his life, striving with his colleagues, Drs. Craik and 
 Brown, to save the life of the " first citizen of the Republic." " The his- 
 toric events with which he was so prominently associated directly connect 
 the Medical Society of the District and the profession of medicine with 
 several of the most noteworthy and conspicuous occurrences in the foun- 
 dation and early history of the District. Before going from Alexandria 
 to Jones' Point he invoked the blessing that the stone to be laid might 
 ' remain an immovable monument of the wisdom and unanimity of North 
 America,' and after the return of the Commissioners and others to Alex- 
 andria, he offered the following sentiment : ' Brethren and Gentlemen : 
 May jealousy, that green-eyed monster, be buried deep beneath the work 
 which we have this day completed, never to rise again within the Federal 
 District.' " See Trans. Med. Society, Virginia, 1885, XVI, p. 267 ; Bu- 
 sey's Reminiscences, p. 144. 
 
 2G. WIIvLIAM ARNOLD— M. D. Resided in Alexandria, D. C. 
 Died. 
 
 27. THOMAS SEMMES— Born Aug. 13, 1779, Prince George Co., 
 Md. M. D., 1801, Univ. Penna. Died July 31, 1833, in Alexandria, D, 
 C. Studied medicine with Dr. E. C. Dick, supra. After graduation 
 spent some time in Europe, after which he practiced in Alexandria. See 
 Williams' Amer. Med. Biog., 1845, p. 513. 
 
 28. GUSTAVUS ALEXANDER BROWN— Born about 1790, Alexan- 
 dria, D. C. A. B., 1806, Princeton; M. D., 1815, Univ. Penna. Resided 
 in Alexandria until 1825, when he removed to Smithland, Ky., and prac- 
 ticed there until he was killed, in 1835, in a private encounter. Son of 
 Dr. Wm. Brown, of Alexandria, who was Physician General during the 
 War of the American Revolution, and of Catherine Scott, of Scotch de- 
 scent. Unmarried. See Jour. A. M. A., I, 1883, p. 602, 
 
 ELECTED IN 1818 
 
 29. RICHARD RANDALL— Born May 13, 1796, Annapolis, Md. M. 
 D., 1818, Univ. Penna. Surgeon's Mate, Surg., 4th U. S. Inf., Post 
 Surg, and Asst. Surg., U. S. \., 1818-1S21; practiced in Washington, 
 1821-1828, when he was appointed by the Amer. Colonization Society,
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 221 
 
 Governor of Liberia. Died at Monrovia, Liberia, April 19, 1829. Son of 
 John and Deborah Knapp RandalL Educated at St. John's College, An- 
 napolis, Md.; studied medicine with Dr. John Ridgely, of Annapolis. 
 In 1827 was appointed Prof. Chemistry, Med. Dept. Columbian College, 
 D. C. See Brown's History, p. 290 ; Powell's History, pp. 283, 545. 
 
 PROBABLY 1819 
 
 30. WILLIAM THORNTON— Born May 27, 1761, Tortola Island, 
 West Indies. M. D., 1784, Edinburgh. Architect of U. S. Capitol. Died 
 March 27, 1828. After graduation he continued his medical studies in 
 Paris, and travelled extensively through Europe ; then came to the United 
 States. Married in 1790 and returned to Tortola. Returned to Wash- 
 ington in 1793. The same year published his "Elements of Written 
 Language;" and afterwards published many papers on other subjects, 
 including medicine, astronomy, philosophy, finance, government and art. 
 Was associated with Fitch in the early experiments in running boats by 
 steam. Invented a number of patents ; was in charge of patents from 
 the passage of the act of Congress, 1802, till his death ; and during the 
 war of 1814 was the means of preserving the records of the Patent Office 
 from destruction by the British. Was the first architect of the Capitol, 
 as also its designer. Was first Lieutenant, then Captain, in the war of 
 181 2-14. In 1794 was appointed by President Washington one of the 
 three Commissioners of the District of Columbia. Designed and built 
 many buildings in the District of Columbia and elsewhere. See Apple- 
 ton's Biog., 1889, VI, p. 104 ; Hist. U. S. Capitol, Washington, 1900, p. 81. 
 
 31. NATHANIEL POPE CAUSIN— Born, 1781, in Maryland. M. D., 
 1805, Univ. Penna. Licentiate, Med. and Chirurg. Faculty, Maryland. 
 Incorporator of the Society under the second charter. President of Board 
 of Health, Washington, 1833-36. Judge of Orphan's Court, D. C, 1838- 
 49. Died Nov. 14, 1849. Practiced for thirteen years at Port Tobacco, 
 Md. ; in 1818 removed to Washington, where he practiced until 1838. 
 Was Attending Physician to the Dispensary, 1819 ; Consulting Phj'sician, 
 Central Cholera Hospital, 1832 ; one of the founders of Med. Assn., D. C; 
 member of National Institute, Washington Med. Society and Pathological 
 Society. See Busey's Reminiscences, p. 175 ; Cordell's Med. Annals of 
 Maryland, 1903, p. 345. 
 
 32. EDWARD CUTBUSH— Born in 1772, Philadelphia, Pa. M. D., 
 1794, Univ. Penna. Surg., U. S. N., 1799-1S29. Died June 23, 1843, Ge- 
 neva, N. Y. Studied medicine with Dr. Benj. Rush. Seven years a physi- 
 cian at Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia. In 1794 was Surgeon Gen- 
 eral in Washington's expedition against the insurgents in Pennsylvania. 
 Resigned, 1829, from the Navy and removed to Geneva ; appointed Prof.
 
 22 2 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Chemistry in Geneva Med. School, and Dean of Med. Faculty. Honorary 
 member of Philadelphia Med. and Chem. Society, of Linnaean Society 
 of Philadelphia, of Amer. Med. Society (?); corresponding member New 
 Orleans Med. Society; member Med. Society of Ontario County, N. Y.; 
 corresponding member Yale Natural History Society; member Natural 
 History Society of Geneva College; corresponding member National In- 
 stitute, Washington ; sometime President Columbian Institute at Wash- 
 ington, revived by the National Institute. Oct. 21, 1824, married Sarah 
 Reese, daughter of James Twanley, of Philadelphia. Author of " Obser- 
 vations on the means of preserving the health of soldiers and sailors," 
 Philadelphia, 1808. See Williams' Amer. Med. Biog., 1845, p. 118. 
 
 I820 
 
 83. BAILEY WASHINGTON— Born May 12, 1787, Westmoreland 
 Co., Va. M. D., 1810, Univ. Penna. Surg., U. S. Navy, 1813. Died 
 Aug. 4, 1854. Son of Lawrence Washington ; nephew of George Wash- 
 ington. During the War of 1812, was Surgeon on the "Enterprise" 
 when she captured the " Boxer." On Lake Ontario, at a later date, was 
 selected as Fleet Surgeon, although a junior officer ; afterwards served as 
 Fleet Surgeon in the Mediterranean, and closed his active service during 
 the Mexican War. At the time of his death was Visiting Surgeon of the 
 Navy Yard and Marine Barracks, Washington. Member Med. Assn., 
 D. C. Author of " Observations on yellow fever." See Jour. A. M. A., 
 Feb. 27, 1897, p. 431 ; Chicago Med. Recorder, May, 1897, p. 364. 
 
 34. THOMAS SEWALL— Born April 16, 1786, Augusta, Me. M. D., 
 1812, Harvard. Incorporator of the Society under the second charter. 
 Died April 10, 1845. Son of Thomas and Priscilla (Cony) Sewall. Re- 
 moved to Washington about 1S20. Was appointed Prof. Anatomy, Med. 
 Dept. Columbian College, 1821; served till 1839, when he was transferred to 
 the Chair of Practice, in which he continued till his death. One of the 
 founders of Columbian College in 1821 ; Consulting Physician, Central 
 Cholera Hospital, 1832 ; one of the founders of Washington Infirmary, 
 1844 ; one of the founders of Med. Assn., D. C. ; member National Insti- 
 tute, Washington Med. Society ; President of Patholog. Society, 1843 ; 
 member Board of Health, 1819. One of the first opponents of phrenol- 
 ogy, against which he wrote "The errors of phrenology exposed." He 
 also wrote, shortly after Beaumont's work on digestion, " The Enquirer ; 
 pathology of drunkenness," 1S41, which was translated into German, and 
 was "possibly the first monograph on the post mortem appearance of 
 the gastric mucosa in alcoholics." Married, Nov. 28, 1813, Mary Choate, 
 sister of Rufus Choate. See Appleton's Biog., 1889, V, p. 469; Minutes 
 Med. Society, April, i, 1845 ; Med. Examiner, Philadelphia, 1845, I, p. 
 291.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 223 
 
 35. CHARLES BEALE HAMILTON— Born 1792. M. D. (?) En- 
 tered the Navy as Assistant Surgeon, April 2, 1811; was made Surgeon, 
 April 15, 1814; served under Commodore Waring during the entire war 
 with Great Britain. Resigned from the Navy, April 12, 1826, and went 
 into private practice. Preferred agricultural pursuits, and, except that he 
 continued to practice within a limited circle, he lived on a farm a few 
 miles from Washington. Died April 24, 1851. See National Intelli- 
 gencer, April 26, 1 85 1. 
 
 1822 
 
 36. ELIJAH RICHARDSON CRAVEN— Born Feb. 3, 1796, Morris- 
 ville, N. J. A. B., 1815, Princeton ; M. D., 1819, Univ. Penna. Died 
 Dec. 4, 1823, from hemorrhage caused by being thrown from his horse. 
 Son of John Craven. Studied medicine with Dr. P. S. Dorsey, Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. After graduation, practiced in Washington. Sometime 
 Prof. Botany, Columbian College, D. C. 
 
 37. JOSEPH LOVELL— Born Dec. 22, 1788, Boston, Mass. M. D., 
 1811, Harvard. Surgeon, 9th U. S. Infantry, 1812-14 ; served on Niagara 
 frontier; Hospital Surgeon, 1814-18; Surgeon General, U. S. A., 1818-36. 
 Died Oct. 17, 1836, of pneumonia. One of the founders and a counsellor 
 of the Med. Assn., D. C. "Army and Navy surgeons were actively in- 
 strumental in the organization of the two medical societies in the District 
 of Columbia ; and the profession of the District owes to two army sur- 
 geons the inception, organization and successful defence of a society 
 established in 1S33 to define and prescribe the rules and regulations of 
 ethical intercourse and relations of medical gentlemen and of the pro- 
 fession with the public at large." Furnished a transcript of the rules 
 and regulations of a similar society in Boston as a guide to its formation. 
 Member of National Institute. Married E. Mansfield, Sept., 1817. See 
 Drake's Amer. Biog., 1872, p. 565 ; Brown's History, pp. 268, 282, 2S6 ; 
 Powell's History, pp. 59, 80, 121, 441 ; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 204. 
 
 38. CHARLES FREDERICK WILSTACH— Born Sept. 3, 1794, Phil- 
 adelphia, Pa. M. D., 1820, Univ. Penna. Died July i, i860, at Lafay- 
 ette, Ind. [Son of Chas. Wilstach, from Germany, and Hannah Lubrech, 
 from Hesse Darmstadt.] Had a good classical education ; spent several 
 years in a drug store ; studied medicine with Dr. P. S. Dorsey, of Phila- 
 delphia. Served one year as House Surgeon, Philadelphia Almshouse. 
 Removed to Harper's Ferry, where he practiced two years; thence to 
 Washington, where he practiced medicine and also kept a drug store. 
 In 1830 removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and in 1838 to Lafayette, Ind. 
 Married in 1821 Hannah W. Ustick.
 
 224 MEDICAt, SOCIETY 
 
 1823 
 
 39. JAMES MARTIN STAUGHTON— Born in i8oo, Bordentown, N. 
 J. Son of Rev. Dr. Wm. and Maria Henson Staughton. A. B., i8i8; 
 M. D., 1821, Univ. Penna.; A. M., 182 1, Princeton. Resident student, 
 Philadelphia Almshouse. Practiced medicine in Washington; helped to 
 organize Med. Dept. Columbian College; was appointed Prof. Chemistry 
 and Geology ; afterwards Surgery. Spent two years in Europe. Said 
 to have been the first physician to operate successfully in Washington 
 for stone in the bladder. Removed to Cincinnati, and was appointed 
 Prof, of Surgery in Med. College of Ohio ; was also connected with the 
 Commercial Hospital and Ohio Lunatic Asylum. One of the founders of 
 Ohio Med. Lyceum; co-editor Western Med. Gazette. Died Aug. 7, 1833. 
 See West. Med. Gazette, 1833, I, p. 271. 
 
 40. JAMES SAMUEL GUNNELL— Born March, 1788, Fairfax Co., 
 Va. M. D., 1820, Univ. Penna. Was Lieutenant, 1812, Virginia Light 
 Horse. Incorporator of the Society under the second charter. Died in 
 1852. See Busey's Reminiscences, p. 167. 
 
 1826 
 
 41. JOHN B. BLAKE— Born Aug. 12, 1800, Colchester, Va. Son of 
 Dr. J. H. Blake, supra. M. D., 1824, Univ. Maryland. Incorporator of 
 the Society under the second charter. Died Oct. 26, 1881. Sometime 
 Commissioner of Public Buildings and Grounds, D. C. ; President Na- 
 tional Metropolitan Bank. Practiced medicine only a short time. Had a 
 son. Dr. Ebenezer Tucker Blake. Author of " Biographical sketch of the 
 late Dr. Wm. Jones," Washington, 1867. See Minutes of Med. Society, 
 Oct. 26, 1881 ; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 141. 
 
 42. THOMAS CLAGETT SCOTT— Born Dec. 4, 1784, Prince George 
 Co., Md. M. D., 1812, Univ. Penna. Died of congestive chill at Wash- 
 ington, Sept. 7, 1837. Son of Judson and Martha Ellen Clagett Scott, 
 both from early settlers of Maryland. Educated at Charlotte Hall, Md.; 
 studied medicine under Dr. W^m. Beans, of Upper Marlboro, Md. At- 
 tended Univ. Penna., 1804-5. In 1806 became a licentiate Med. and 
 Chirurg. Faculty of Maryland. The same year married Miss Ann H. 
 Boone, daughter of Francis and Mary Sansbury Boone, whose ancestors 
 came to America with Lord Baltimore. Began to practice medicine in 
 Montgomery Co., Md. In 1809 removed to Loudoun Co., Va.; in 1813 
 to Frederick Co., Md., and attended lectures at the Univ. Maryland. In 
 1823 removed to Washington and associated himself with Dr. N. P. 
 Causin, supra. Was physician to the penitentiary, Washington. One 
 of the founders Med. Assn., D. C. See Cordell's Med. Annals of Mary- 
 land, 1903, p. 562.
 
 WILSON PRE5TMAN MALONE 
 
 r^_]| I WM. E. WHITSON 
 
 57
 
 181 FRANCK HYATT 79 
 
 Jvr(£ Lns. Co. 
 
 .S8
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 
 
 225 
 
 43. JOSHUA RILEY— Born Jan. 19, 1800, Baltimore, Md. M. D., 
 1824, Univ. Maryland. Father of Dr. J. C. Riley, infra. Incorporator 
 of the Society under second charter. President Med. Assn., D. C, 1858- 
 68. Died Feb. 11, 1875. Came to Georgetown, D. C, when 18 years 
 old; sometime clerk in a drug store. Studied medicine with Dr. George 
 Clarke, supra. After graduation, practiced in Georgetown. Was Prof. 
 Materia Medica, Med. Dept. Columbian College, 1844-9 1 o^^^ of the 
 founders of the Washington Infirmary ; member of Board of Aldermen, 
 Georgetown, and of Council of Territorial Government, D. C; President 
 of Potomac Fire Insurance Co. "He taught physicians how to collect 
 accounts for services from a certain class of delinquent clients by taking 
 their notes for the amount, and renewing them annually thereafter, with 
 the addition of the interest accrued, until it was paid either by the drawer 
 or his estate." See Minutes Med. Society, Feb. 13, 1875; Trans. A. M. 
 A., 1875, XXVI, p. 453; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 159. 
 
 1830 
 
 44. ORLANDO FAIRFAX— Born Feb. 14, 1806, Alexandria, D. C. 
 M. D., 1829, Univ. Penna. Son of Thomas, the ninth Lord Fairfax. 
 Resided in Alexandria; removed in 1861 to Richmond, Va., where he 
 died, Jan. 11, 1882. See Busey's Reminiscences, p. 147. 
 
 1834 
 
 45. RICHMOND JOHNSON— Born 1791, Annapolis, Md. Not M. D. 
 Surgeon's Mate, U. S. N., 1812-14. Incorporator of the Society under 
 the second charter. Died March 12, 1874. Came to Washington in 1800; 
 educated at Washington Institute. Grand nephew of Thomas Johnson, 
 the first Governor of Maryland. Studied medicine with Dr. Fred. May, 
 supra. After the close of the war of 1812-14, practiced in Washington. 
 Sometime chief clerk in office of Surgeon General, U. S. A. One of the 
 founders of Med. Assn., D. C. Consulting Physician to Western Cholera 
 Hospital, 1832. See Minutes of Med. Society, March 14, 1874 ; Trans. 
 A. M. A., 1874, XXV, p. 526; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 152. 
 
 46. HARVEY LINDSLY— Born Jan. 11, 1804, Morris Co., N. J. 
 A. M., 1820, Princeton; M. D., 1828, Columbian. Father of Dr. W. 
 Lindsly, infra. Incorporator of the Society under second charter. 
 President of Board of Health, Washington, 1836-46. President Amer. 
 Med. Assn., 1859. Died April 28, 1889. Of English descent. Educated 
 at academy in Somerset Co., N. J. Honorary member Rhode Island 
 Med. Society, Historical Society of New Jersey, etc. Prof. Obstetrics, 
 1839-45, and Practice of Medicine, 1845-6, Med. Dept. Columbian Col- 
 lege, Washington. Member Amer. Colonization Society over 30 years, 
 
 15
 
 2 26 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 and Chairman of its Executive Committee. President, 1878, of Wash- 
 ington Alumni of Princeton College. One of the founders of Washington 
 Infirmary, Patholog. Society, Med. Assn., D. C. ; member of National 
 Institute. "During a period of discontent the Standing Committee of 
 the Medical Association of the District, which had been instructed to 
 investigate prevalent insinuations and charges of violations of ethical 
 methods and proprieties, concluded its report with a resolution recom- 
 mending the members to ' bury all past grievances in oblivion, and for 
 the future to observe the Golden Rule. ' Dr. Lindsly moved to strike out 
 the words ' Golden Rule' and insert ' Rules and By-laws of this Associa- 
 tion,' which was carried." In 1859, "in his address of welcome to the 
 American Medical Association, then assembled in this city, after giving 
 expression to his regret that the city was so barren of all that would in- 
 terest the votaries of medical science, he added, in words that read like 
 the inspiration of prophecy, 'The day is not far distant when, by the 
 liberality of a great people, our public buildings, our literary and scientific 
 institutions, our national parks and botanic gardens will be worthy of the 
 grand metropolis of a nation which, perhaps within the next half century, 
 will be the most populous, powerful and wealthy in Christendom.' He 
 lived long enough afterward to realize the fullness of his prophecy." 
 Author of "Origin and introduction into medical practice of ardent 
 spirits," Washington, 1835. See Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 
 119; Minutes Med. Society, April 29, 1889; Lamb's History, p. iii ; 
 Busey's Reminiscences, pp. 109, 155. 
 
 1835 
 
 47. THOMAS MILLER— Born Feb. 18, 1806, Port Royal, Va. M. 
 D., 1829, Univ. Penna. Father of Dr. G. R. Miller, infra. Incorporator 
 of the Society under the second charter. President Board of Health, 
 Washington, 1846-55 ; President Med. Assn., D. C, 1873. Died Sept. 
 20, 1873. Son of Major Miller, who came to Washington in 1816. Edu- 
 cated at Washington Seminary; studied medicine with Dr. Henry Huntt, 
 supra. After graduation, practiced in Washington. In 1830 he and six 
 other physicians formed the Washington Med. Institute, for the instruc- 
 tion of students ; in 1832 he began to teach practical anatomy ; the same 
 year was physician to the Central Cholera Hospital. One of the founders 
 of the Med. Assn., D. C, 1833. From 1839 to 1859 was Prof. Anatomy, 
 Med. Dept. Columbian College ; first President of Patholog. Society of 
 Washington; attending Surgeon, Washington Infirmary ; member Board 
 of Aldermen; consulting physician to Providence Hospital and Children's 
 Hospital. Originated the movement to establish and enforce a system 
 of registration of births and deaths in Washington ; active in securing 
 the establishment of the Government Hospital for the Insane. Married,
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 227 
 
 in 1833, the daughter of Gen. Walter Jones. See Minutes of Med. Soci- 
 ety, Sept. 22, 1873, and Sept. 30, 1874; Trans. A. M. A., 1874, XXV, p. 
 523 ; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 169. 
 
 JULY, 1838 
 
 48. JOSEPH BORROWS— Born Jan. 20, 1807, D. C. A. B., 1825 (?); 
 M. D., 1828, Columbian. Incorporator of the Society under second char- 
 ter. President Med. Assn., D. C, 1884-5. Died May 30, 1889. See 
 Minutes of Med. Society, June i, 1889; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 142. 
 
 49. ALEXANDER McDONALD DAVIS— Born 1807, D. C. M. D., 
 1828, Columbian. Incorporator of the Society under second charter. 
 Died May 29, 1872. Studied medicine with Dr. Wm. Jones, supra. After 
 graduation, practiced only a few years. Was President of the City 
 Council ; member of Board of Aldermen ; Health Officer. Physician in 
 1833 in the Cholera Hospital. See Minutes Med. Society, May 29, 1872. 
 
 50. NOBLE YOUNG— Born June 26, 1808, Baltimore, Md. M. D., 
 1828, Columbian. Incorporator of the Society under second charter. 
 President Med. Assn., D. C, 1868-70. A. M., 1876, Georgetown. Died 
 April II, 1883, at Sacketts Harbor, N. Y. Of Scotch-Irish descent. 
 Educated at Washington Seminary. After graduation in medicine, 
 practiced in Washington ; member of Amer. Med. Association, ex- Vice 
 President ; Prof. Principles and Practice of Medicine for twenty-five 
 years, Georgetown Med. School ; one of the four who organized the 
 school. For many years was physician to U. S. Penitentiary, Washing- 
 ton. Married, May 6, 1836. Delivered the address at the laying of the 
 corner stone of College Physicians and Surgeons, Wilmington, N. C, 
 1871. See Minutes of Med. Society, April 13, 1883; Jour. A. M. A., 
 1883, I, p. 520; Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 537 ; Busey's Rem- 
 iniscences, p. 162; Georgetown Univ., II, p. 73. 
 
 .51. BENJAMIN KING— Born Aug. 24, 1797, Calvert Co., Md. M. 
 D., 1818, Univ. Maryland. Incorporator of the Society under second 
 charter. Surgeon's Mate, 7th U. S. Inf.; Asst. Surg., U. S. A.; retired, 
 Nov. 9, 1863. Removed, 1870, to Weston, Md., where he died June 24, 
 1888. Served with his regiment in Georgia to June, 1821 ; at Baton 
 Rouge, La., to November, 1822; at Augusta, Ga., to March, 1823; at 
 Military Academy, West Point, to Aug. 19, 1823 ; at Fort McHenry to 
 October, 1825 ; shipwrecked in November on Body's Island, S. C, while 
 en route to Charleston ; at Charleston, Savannah, Forts McHenry and 
 Severn and in Washington to November, 1832 ; Philadelphia to Febru- 
 ary, 1833 ; in Surgeon General's Office, Washington, till Oct. 16, 1840 ;
 
 2 28 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 in the Seminole War, Florida, to July, 1842; at Fort Severn, Md., to 
 September, 1845 ; at Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, to September, 
 1849 ; at Carlisle Barracks, Pa., to Feb. 10, 185 1 ; at Soldiers' Home, 
 Washington, to Nov. 26, 1864. See Brown's History, pp. 285, 291 ; Pow- 
 ell's History, p. 414. 
 
 52. JAMES CROWDHILL HALL— Born Jan. 10, 1805, Alexandria, 
 D. C. A. B., 1823, Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Penna.; M. D., 1827, 
 Univ. Penna. Incorporator of the Society under second charter. Died 
 suddenly June 7, 1880. While he was an infant his father died ; in 1810 
 his mother remarried. He studied medicine with Dr. Thomas Henderson, 
 supra. After graduation was Resident Physician one year at Blockley 
 Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. 1830-9, Prof. Surgery, Med. Dept. Colum- 
 bian College, Washington. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; Washington 
 Med. Society ; National Institute. Vice President Patholog. Society. 
 Conducted a private course in practical anatomy at Washington Med. 
 Institute. Gave large bequests to Washington City Orphan Asylum and 
 Children's Hospital. " Family physician of every President of the United 
 States from Jackson to Lincoln. For many years attended the family 
 of every Justice of the Supreme Court ; through many administrations 
 the family of every Cabinet OflScer ; and for a long series of years every 
 foreign legation residing in Washington, and every prominent Senator 
 and member of the House of Representatives, the heads of departments 
 and many honored citizens." See Minutes of Med. Society, June 8, 1880, 
 and April 6, 1881 ; Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1880, CII, p. 621; 
 Trans. A. M. A., 1881, XXXII, p. 506; Busey's Reminiscences, pp. 147, 
 166. 
 
 53. HENRY FORD CONDICT— Born 1804, Littleton, N. J. A. M., 
 1822, Princeton ; M. D., 1830, Columbian. Incorporator of the Society 
 under second charter. Removed, about 1875, to Montgomery Co., Md. 
 Dropped from membership, 1877. Died Oct. 31, 1893. Attended school 
 at Littleton. For some time after graduation he prepared students for 
 college. Practiced medicine in Washington, at first in partnership with 
 Dr. N. P. Causin, supra, whose daughter he married. Author of "The 
 Plague of Athens," a translation from Thucydides. See Busey's Rem- 
 iniscences, p. 143. 
 
 54. WILLIAM B. MAGRUDER— Born Feb. 11, 1810, Baltimore, Md. 
 M. D., 1831, Univ. Maryland. Incorporator of the Society under second 
 charter. Mayor of Washington, 1856-8. Died May 30, 1869, from an 
 obscure disease of the stomach. Sou of James A. and Millicent Ma- 
 gruder. Studied medicine with Dr. B. S. Bohrer, supra. "Practiced in 
 Georgetown until the summer of 1832, when, the cholera epidemic having
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 229 
 
 driven away the physicians resident in that part of Washington known 
 as the First Ward, he was called by the citizens to take charge of a 
 cholera hospital, and was the only active physician in that section during 
 the epidemic." Sometime member of the City Council, and also Alder- 
 man. Married twice. See Minutes of Med. Society, May 31, 1869; 
 Trans. A. M. A., XXIII, 1872, p. 577; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 168. 
 
 55. FREDERICK DAWES— M. D. Born Jan. 26, 1778, in Hunting- 
 don, England. Died Feb. 10, 1852, after an illness of nineteen months. 
 Was first an apothecary at Wisbeach, Lincolnshire, England. Studied 
 medicine with Sir Astley Cooper; practiced at Wisbeach. Served as Sur- 
 geon on Russian man-of-war. Returned to Wisbeach and then, in 1819, 
 emigrated to the United States, and came to Washington. After a few 
 3'ears, bought a farm at and removed to Shelby, 111. Later removed to a 
 farm in Westmoreland Co., Va. In 1839 returned to Washington. One 
 of the founders of the Med. Association, D. C, member of Pathological 
 Society, Washington. Married, about 1797, Miss Ward, of Wisbeach ; 
 in 1819, Charlotte M. Taylor, of Montgomery Co., Md. See Busey's 
 Reminiscences, p. 143 ; Minutes of Med. Society, Feb. 11, 1852, 
 
 JULY 1, 1839 
 
 56. JOHN MOYLAN THOMAS— Born Sept. 26, 1805, Anne Arundel 
 Co., Md. M, D., 1S26, Univ. Maryland. Died Oct. 16, 1853. Son of 
 Philip S. Thomas. Educated at St. Mary's College, Baltimore, Md. 
 Practiced a few years at his native place, then removed to Washington ; 
 member Amer. Med. Association ; sometime Prof. Physiology, Med. 
 Dept. Columbian College, Washington. July 25, 1829, married Miss 
 Sarah Brooks Lee Ringgold, daughter of Frank Ringgold, sometime 
 Marshal, D. C. See Minutes of Med. Society, Oct. 17, 1853 > Trans. A. 
 M. A., 1880, XXXI, p. 1088. 
 
 57. JAMES B. C. THORNTON, M. D.— Born 1809. Died Jan. 15, 
 1839, at Snickersville, Va. Practiced medicine some time at Occoquan, 
 Va. [According to Dr. Toner, he was a member of the National Insti- 
 tute which, however, was not founded till 1840.] 
 
 PROBABLY JULY 1, 1839 
 
 58. JOHN FREDERICK MAY— Son of Dr. Frederick May, stipra. 
 Born May 19, 1812, D. C. A. B., 1831 ; M. D., 1834, Columbian. Re- 
 moved to Nashville, Tenn., 1858. Returned to D. C, 1880. Father of 
 Dr. William May, tn/ra. Died May 2, 1891. Soon after graduation in 
 medicine he went to Europe and spent over a year in the hospitals of 
 London and Paris, Licentiate, M. C. F., Maryland, 1837. In 1839 be-
 
 230 
 
 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 came Prof. Anatomy and Physiology, Med. Dept. Columbian College, 
 Washington ; in 1841, Prof. Surgery ; resigned in 1858. Was also Prof. 
 Surgery, 1837-9, ^^ Univ. Maryland ; member National Institute ; Med. 
 Association, D. C; Pathological Society, Washington; Amer. Med. Asso- 
 ciation. In 1858 became Prof. Surgery in Shelby Med. College, Nash- 
 ville, Tenn., and continued there till 1861. Sometime Surgeon to Wash- 
 ington Infirmary. About 1865 removed to New York City. Returned 
 to Washington in 1880. In 1884 became member of consulting staff 
 Garfield Hospital ; President for five years. See Minutes Med. Society, 
 May 4, 1891 ; Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 319 ; Jour. A. M. A., 1891, XVII, p. 
 121 ; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 158 ; Cordell's Med. Annals of Mary- 
 land, 1903, p. 492. 
 
 PROBABLY JANUARY 6, 1840 
 
 59. SAMUEL FORRY — [Forrywas nominated July i, 1839; there is 
 no record of his election, but he was recognized as a member.] Born 
 June 23, 1811, Berlin, Pa. M. D., 1832, Jefferson. Licentiate, M. C. F., 
 Maryland, 1836; Asst. Surg, and Surg., U. S. A.; editor N. Y. Journal 
 Med. and Collateral Sciences, 1843-4. Died Nov. 8, 1844. Studied 
 medicine with Dr. Fahnestock. While Surgeon, U. S. A., in the cam- 
 paign in Florida, he made many interesting observations on the climate. 
 Afterwards compiled from these observations and others made by sur- 
 geons at different military posts, under the direction of Dr. Lawson, 
 Surgeon General of the Army, " The Meteorological Register" and "Sta- 
 tistical report on the sickness and mortality in the army," both of which 
 were published as the official reports of the medical department of the 
 army. The numerous facts contained in these works, with others which 
 he collected, were afterwards used in the preparation of his work on the 
 " Climate of the United States, and its endemic influence." This work 
 obtained for him a high and well-deserved reputation, both in his native 
 country and among scientific men in Europe. The Boylston prize, of 
 Harvard University, for 1844, for the best essay on the protective power 
 of vaccinia, was awarded to him, and appeared in the New York Journal 
 for September, 1844. In such high estimation was he held by the physi- 
 cians of the city of New York that they raised a subscription for a mon- 
 ument to his memory, to be erected in Greenwood Cemetery, where he 
 is buried. See Drake's Diet. Amer. Biog., 1872, p. 234; Appleton's 
 Biog., 1887, II, p. 506; Trans. A. M. A., 1850, III, p. 440; Brown's His- 
 tory, p. 292 ; Powell's History, p. 314, 
 
 1840 
 
 60. JOSHUA A. RITCHIE— [The catalogue of 1885 states that Ritchie 
 was elected in 1840, but on what foundation the statement is made is un- 
 known. His name appears on the minutes for the first time in January,
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 23 1 
 
 1858. The first record of dues paid by him was Nov. 7, 1865.] Born 
 July I, 1815, D. C. M. D., 1839, Jefferson ; A. B., 1835 ; A. M., 1840 (?) 
 Father of Dr. h. W. Ritchie, infra. Dropped from membership, 1875. 
 Died Nov. 2, 1887. See Minutes of Med. Society, Nov. 2, 1887 ; Busey's 
 Reminiscences, p. 160. 
 
 PROBABLY JANUARY 11, 1841 
 
 61. JOHN MACKALL ROBERTS— [There is no record of any meet- 
 ing between Jan. 11, 1841, and Jan. 5, 1842 ; Roberts attended the latter.] 
 Born June 11, 1815, D. C. M. D., 1836, Jefferson. Father of Dr. W. E. 
 Roberts, infra. Died Sept. 11, 1865. Son of Charles and Ann Loker 
 Roberts, St. Mary's Co., Md. Educated in Washington schools. Studied 
 medicine with Dr. Thomas Sewall, supra. Practiced in Washington. 
 Member Med. Assn., D. C. Director of Bank of the Metropolis and 
 Franklin Insurance Co., Washington. Married Oct. 18, 1838, Matilda 
 Campbell Elder, daughter of Wm. and Matilda Stamp Elder, of Charles 
 Co., Md. See Minutes Med. Society, Sept, 12, 1865 ; Trans. A. M. A., 
 1872, XXIII, p. 576. 
 
 JANUARY 5, 1842 
 
 62. WILIvIAM PATRICK JOHNSTON— Born June 11, 1811, Savan- 
 nah, Ga. A. B., 1833, Yale; M. D., 1836, Univ. Penna. Father of Drs. 
 W. W. and G. W. Johnston, infra. President of Board of Health, Wash- 
 ington, 1856-8. Died of chronic disease of the heart, Oct. 24, 1876. Son 
 of Col. James and Ann Marion Johnston ; grandson of Dr. Andrew John- 
 ston, M. D., Univ. Edinburgh. Educated at Round Hill School, North- 
 ampton, Mass., of which George Bancroft was then the head. Studied 
 medicine with Prof. Wm. Horner, of Philadelphia, Pa. Served in drug 
 store of Samuel Griffith, Philadelphia, and one year as Resident Physi- 
 cian, Blockley Hospital, Philadelphia. In 1837 was Physician to Phila- 
 delphia Dispensary. In Europe, 1837-40, partly in travel, partly attend- 
 ing the Paris hospitals. Began to practice medicine in Philadelphia, but 
 after marrying, in 1840, Miss Hooe, of Alexandria, D. C, he settled in 
 Washington. In 1842 became Prof. Surgery, Med. Dept. Columbian Col- 
 lege ; 1845, Prof. Obstetrics and Diseases Women and Children. Re- 
 signed in 187 1. Aided in establishing the Washington Infirmary. Some- 
 time President of Medical Faculty, Columbian College. One of the 
 founders Pathological Society of Washington. Member Med. Assn., 
 D. C. ; Amer. Med. Assn., Vice President in 1866. Aided in formation 
 of Clin. Path. Society of Washington. Member Consulting Board Provi- 
 dence Hospital ; sometime Clinical Lecturer there. One of the founders 
 of Children's Hospital ; sometime President of Medical Board. During 
 the period that Confederate soldiers were confined in the Old Capitol
 
 232 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 Prison in Washington, he obtained permission for Dr. J. C. Hall, supra. 
 Mr, F. B. McGuire and himself to visit the prisoners, and for a long time 
 he administered to their urgent and material wants. Was the first phy- 
 sician in Washington to devote special attention to the diseases of women. 
 See Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 25, 1876; Trans. A. M. A., 1878, XXIX, 
 p. 686 ; Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 705; Busey's Reminiscences, 
 p. 178; and "In Memoriam Board of Directors Children's Hospital, 
 Washington, 1876." 
 
 63. BENJAMIN F, PERRY— Born in Maryland. M. D., 1829, Univ. 
 Maryland. Removed to Hillsville, Va., about 1870, Died March 21, 
 1898, Carroll Co., Va. 
 
 PROBABLY JANUARY S. 1842 
 
 64. EDWARD FLORENS RIVINUS. [Rivinus and Perry (No. 63) 
 were both nominated Jan. 6, 1840 ; there is no record of the election of 
 Rivinus, but apparently he was recognized as a member.] Born Jan. i, 
 1802, Diiben. Saxony. M. D., 1830, Univ. Penna. Died Feb. 14, 1873, 
 at Hyeres, France. Author of " Catalogue of the Medical Library of 
 Philadelphia Almshouse," Philadelphia, 1831. See Larrey (D. J.), " Ob- 
 servations on wounds," Philadelphia, 1832. 
 
 JULY 5, 1842 
 
 60. FLODOARDO HOWARD— Born March 11, 1814, Stafford Co., 
 Va. M. D., 1841, Columbian; Phar. D., 1872, Georgetown. President 
 Med. Assn., D. C, 1873-5. Father of Dr. Robertson Howard, irifra. 
 Died January, 1888, at Rockville, Md. Educated at Brookville Acad- 
 emy, Brookville, Md. For some j^ears conducted a pharmacy. Studied 
 medicine with Dr. Henry Howard. Practiced medicine in Washington ; 
 member Amer. Med. Association. Was one of the four who organized 
 the Georgetown Med. School, and was Prof. Obstetrics and Diseases of 
 Women until 1876, except for 1857-63, when he resided in Brookville. 
 Consulting Physician to Providence Hospital and Women's Christian 
 Home ; Attending Physician St. Ann's Infant Asylum, Washington. 
 Married, June 11, 1833, Lydia M., daughter of Samuel Robertson, of 
 Maryland. See Atkinson's Phys. and Surgeons, 1878, p. 34; Minutes 
 Med. Society, Jan. 18, 1888; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 152; George- 
 town Univ., II, p. 71. 
 
 66. WILlvIAM W. HOXTON— Born in District of Columbia. M. D., 
 1834, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg., U. S. A., resigning Sept. 30, 1841. Died 
 Aug. 23, 1855. See Brown's History, p. 292.
 
 59
 
 6o
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 233 
 
 1842 
 
 67. ^WILLIAM HOLMES VAN BUREN. [There is no record of Van 
 Buren's election, but he was recognized as a member.] Born April 5, 
 1819, Philadelphia, Pa. A. M., 1S66, LL. D., 1878, Yale; M. D., 1840, 
 Univ. Penna.; appointed Asst. Surg., U. S. A., June 15, 1840; resigned 
 Dec. 31, 1845. Removed to New York City ; died March 25, 1883. He 
 came of a family of physicians. [Great-great-grandson of Dr. Johannes 
 Van Buren (a pupil of Boerhaave); graduate of Univ. Leyden; emigrated 
 to New York in 1700 ; physician to the N. Y. City Almshouse. Great- 
 grandson of Dr. Beekman Van Buren and grandson of Dr. Abraham Van 
 Buren.] Educated in Philadelphia and at Yale College. Spent eighteen 
 months at Charite Hospital, Paris. While in U. S. Army, served in 
 Florida, on Canadian frontier and in the Surgeon General's OfBce, Wash- 
 ington. In 1845 became Prosector to Chair of Surgery, Med. Dept. Uni- 
 versity City of New York ; in 1852, Prof. Anatomy. Was Consulting 
 Surgeon to St. Vincent's Hospital and to Charity Hospital, Blackwell's 
 Island ; Prof. Surgery, Bellevue Hospital Med. College; in 1859, elected 
 Vice President N. Y. Acad. Medicine ; in 1861 was active in forming the 
 U. S. Sanitary Commission. Was offered the place of Surgeon General, 
 U. S. A.; declined in favor of Dr. W. A. Hammond. In 1842 married a 
 daughter of Dr. Valentine Mott, of N. Y. City. Author of "Lectures 
 upon diseases of the rectum," New York, 1870, 1878, 1881, "Inflamma- 
 tion," in Ashhurst's Surgery, 1881 ; translated Morel's "Compendium of 
 human histology," 1861 ; "Contributions to practical surgery," Philadel- 
 phia, 1865, etc. See Brown's History, p. 293 ; Powell's History, p. 642 ; 
 Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1883, CVIII, p. 332 ; N. Y. Med. Jour., 
 1883, XXXVII, p. 393 ; Appleton's Biog., 1887, VI, p. 234. 
 
 JANUARY 9, 1843 
 
 68. JOHNSON ELIOT— Born Aug. 24, 1815, D. C. Father of Drs. J. L. 
 and Johnson Eliot, Jr., infra. M. D., 1842, Columbian. Hon. A. M., 
 1869, and Phar. D., 1872, Georgetown. President Med. Assn., D. C, 
 1880-1. Died Dec. 30, 1883. Descendant of Sir John Eliot, of Devon- 
 shire, England, and of colonial settlers of Massachusetts and Maryland ; 
 grandnephew of President Andrew Eliot, of Harvard College. Educated 
 at McLeod Seminary, Washington. Sometime clerk in Dr. Chas. Mc- 
 Cormack's drug store, Washington. Studied medicine with Dr. Thomas 
 Sewall, supra. Sometime steward in Washington Naval Hospital. After 
 graduating in medicine was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy, Colum- 
 bian Med. College. One of the four who founded the Georgetown Med. 
 School ; Prof. Anatomy, 1849 ; Materia Medica and Physiology, 1854, 
 In 1861, he became Prof. Surgery and so continued till 1876 ; for twenty 
 years was Dean of the Faculty. Served on Surgical Staff of Provi-
 
 234 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 dence Hospital, Columbia Hospital for Women, and Children's Hos- 
 pital. Member of Pathological Society of Washington, National Institute 
 and Amer. Med. Assn. Vice President Alumni Association, Georgetown 
 University. Consulting Surgeon to Central Dispensary ; for some years 
 Physician to Smallpox Hospital ; Surgeon to Metropolitan Police ; Con- 
 sulting Surgeon St. Ann's Infant Asylum. After the second battle of 
 Bull Run (1862), when a call for volunteer surgeons was made, he went 
 to the front, taking with him the necessary appliances, and while in 
 attendance on the sick and wounded was taken prisoner, but was soon 
 released, and walked from Chantilly to Washington. Among those on 
 whom he operated was Corporal James Tanner. Married Nov. 30, 1850, 
 Mary John, daughter of John Llewellin, of St. Mary's Co., Md. See 
 Minutes of Med. Society, Dec. 31, 1883; Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 
 1878, p. 85 ; Maryland Med. Jour., 1883-4, X, p. 671 ; Med. and Surg. 
 Reporter, 1884, L, p. 64 ; Jour. A. M. A., 1884, II, p. 79 ; Busey's Rem- 
 iniscences, p. 187 ; Georgetown University, II, p. 65. 
 
 JANUARY 3, 1844 
 
 69. ANTHONY HOLMEAD, JR.— Born 1822, District of Columbia. 
 M. D., 1841, Columbian. Died Oct. 26, 1855. See Minutes of Med. 
 Society, Oct. 27, 1855. 
 
 JULY 1, 1844 
 
 70. JAMES HYMAN CAUSTEN, JR.— Born July, 1818, Baltimore, 
 Md. M. D., 1842, Columbian. Died Oct. 3 or 5, 1856. [Eldest son of 
 J. H. Causten, U. S. Consul to Ecuador ; his mother was the daughter of 
 Thomas Meyer, of Baltimore.] Attended St. Mary's College, Baltimore, 
 in 1830, and Georgetown College in 1835. After graduation in medicine, 
 went abroad with Dr. R. K. Stone, infra. Retired early from practice 
 of medicine to engage in translation of documents. Married, April 9, 
 1850, Miss Anna Payne, adopted daughter of " Dolly Madison." Author 
 of " Claims against France," Washington, 1871. 
 
 71. SAMUEL CLEMENT SMOOT— Born Feb. 3, 1818, District of 
 Columbia. A. B., 1835, A. M., 1838, Columbian; M. D., 1838, Jefferson. 
 Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. N., Oct. 5, 1861, to Jan. 27, 1862, when he re- 
 signed ; sometime President Board of Health, Washington. Died Sept. 
 29, 1866. His ancestors were among the early settlers of Maryland. He 
 studied medicine with Dr. Thomas Sewall, supra. Practiced some time 
 at Jackson, Miss.; in 1839 returned to Washington. In 1856 was elected 
 Secretary to Board of Trustees of Columbian College ; was Demonstrator 
 of Anatomy in Med. Dept. ; member of Med. Association, D. C. See 
 Minutes Med. Society, Oct. i, 1866; Trans. A. M. A., 1867, XVIII, 
 p. 340.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 235 
 
 72. CHARLES H. IvIEBERMANN— Born Sept. 15, 1813, Riga, Rus- 
 sia. A. B., 1836, Dorpat; M. D., 1838, Univ. Berlin. Died March 27, 
 1886. His father was a military surgeon ; his mother was one of the 
 Radetzkeys of German and Polish history. Studied medicine first at 
 Wilna, then at Dorpat, finally at Berlin ; was private pupil of Prof. Dief- 
 fenbach. After graduation, visited hospitals in the principal capitals of 
 Europe. In 1840, came to United States, and began to practice in Wash- 
 ington. For over twenty years was the leading oculist of Washington. 
 Member Med. Association, D. C. ; National Institute; one of the founders 
 of Georgetown Med. School ; Prof. Surgery, 1849-53 and 1857-61 ; mem- 
 ber of Pathological Society ; Amer. Med. Association ; Physician to 
 Convent of Visitation ; Consulting Physician Georgetown College and 
 Convent ; Consulting Surgeon Providence Hospital ; Member of Board 
 of Managers Children's Hospital. In 1841 married Miss Betzold, of 
 Alexandria, D. C. See Minutes Med. Society, March 29, 1886 ; Jour. 
 A. M. A., 1886, VII, p. 222 ; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 153 ; Georgetown 
 Univ., II, p. 72. 
 
 73. THOMAS E. W. FEINOUR or FERNIOUR, M. D.— [There was 
 a Dr. T. Feinour in Baltimore in 1874. There was also a Thos. E. W 
 Feinour, clerk at Police Headquarters, D. C, in 1869.] 
 
 PROBABLY JULY 1, 1844 
 
 74. JAMES GRIFFITH COOMBE— [Coombe attended the meeting 
 Jan. 6, 1845, and subsequent meetings, and was recognized as a member.] 
 Born Jan. i, 1812, D. C. M. D., 1835, Univ. Maryland. Died Feb. 4, 
 1883. 
 
 JANUARY 6, 1845 
 
 75. THOMAS BAKER JOHNSON FRYE— Born 1820, District of 
 Columbia. A. M. and M. D., 1840, Columbian. Removed to Alexan- 
 dria, Va. Died May 31, 1889, in Washington, D. C, of cancer of tongue. 
 
 76. JOSEPH F. MUNDING, M. D. — [Munding attended a special 
 meeting April 11, 1845 ; he is not afterwards mentioned in the minutes 
 but the Catalogue of 1885 records him as having been a member.] Born 
 in 1808. Member of Pathological Society of Washington. Died March 
 3. 1852. 
 
 JULY t, 1845 
 
 77. CORNELIUS BOYLE— Born Nov. 12, 1817, District of Columbia. 
 Father of Dr. C. B. Boyle, in/ra. M. D., 1844, Columbian. Provost 
 Marshal General, Army of Northern Virginia (Confederate). Died 
 March 11, 1878. [Son of John Boyle, an Irish patriot, who came from 
 Londonderry, Ireland, about May i, 1801 — was for nearly thirty years
 
 236 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Chief Clerk, Navy Department, Washington — and Catherine Annie 
 Burke, daughter of Richard Burke, of Baltimore Co., Md.] Educated at 
 the academy of John McLeod, Washington. For some time was in the 
 drug business. After graduating in medicine, practiced in Washington. 
 One of his patients -was Senator Sumner, of Massachusetts, after the 
 Brooks assault in 1856 ; another was Brooks himself. At the outbreak of 
 the Civil War Dr. Boyle ' ' went South. ' ' Was sometime Major in the com- 
 mand of Stonewall Jackson ; afterwards Provost Marshal General, Army 
 of Northern Virginia, from May, 1862, to April, 1865. Then took pas- 
 sage for Mexico, but was wrecked off Cape Hatteras ; in Mexico he was 
 in a banking house. Later he bought and managed the Fauquier White 
 Sulphur Springs, Va. About 1S69 returned to Washington and resumed 
 practice. Member Med. Association, D. C; Amer. Med. Association; 
 Pathological Society and National Institute, Washington. Married in 
 1852, Fannie R., daughter of Wm. Greene, of Fredericksburg, Va.; after- 
 wards Cherry Bethune, daughter of Gen. Joseph N. and Frances Grinley 
 Bethune, of Georgia. See Minutes Med. Society, March 12, 1878; Trans. 
 A. M. A., 1878, XXIX, p. 618 ; Atkinson's Phys. and Surgeons, 1878, 
 
 p. 381. 
 
 JANUARY 19, 1846 
 
 78. CHARLES HARTWELL CRAGIN— Born Sept. 7, 1817, Alsted, 
 N. H. A. B., 1837; A. M., 1840, Amherst; M. D., 1844, Columbian. 
 Died April i, 1887. Son of Isaiah and Hannah H. Cragin. Attended 
 school at New Ipswich, N. H., and afterwards the Academj' of Groton, 
 Mass. Taught school at Richmond, Va., in 1837 and 1838, and at Fitch- 
 burg, Mass., during part of the years 1838 to 1840. While teaching 
 school at Fitchburg, studied medicine with Dr. J. A. Marshall. Removed 
 to Washington in 1840 and continued his studies with Dr. Thomas Sew- 
 all, supra, teaching school while attending lectures. Practiced medicine 
 in Washington in 1844 and 1845, and afterwards in Georgetown, except 
 during 1849 and 1850, when he resided in Sacramento, Cal., being one of 
 the " Fort}--niners" who went to California when the memorable gold 
 discover}- was made ; the journey occupied six months and, w^ith the ex- 
 ception of the trip across the Isthmus of Panama, was made in sailing 
 vessels. Retired from practice in 1865 because of ill health. Member of 
 Board of Common Council, Georgetown ; for several years Police Com- 
 missioner, D. C; member of School Board; Postmaster of Georgetown; 
 Secretary and Treasurer Columbia Hospital, Washington. Married, Oct. 
 2, 1845, Mary, daughter of Samuel and Mary A. F. McKenney, of 
 Georgetown ; April 16, 1857, her sister, Henrietta F. McKenney. See 
 Minutes of Med. Society, April 13, 1887. 
 
 79. JAMES F. T. [or J.] McCLE[A]RY— Born Jan. 24, 1820, District 
 of Columbia. M. D., 1842, Columbian. Surgeon, C. S. A. Died Feb. 16, 
 187 1. His parents were natives of Maryland, where he himself was edu-
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 237 
 
 cated. Soon after graduation in medicine he accompanied Robert Dale 
 Owen in an exploring expedition through the Western States. Returned 
 to Washington ; practiced medicine here a short time, then practiced in 
 Loudoun Co., Va. During the Civil War served as medical officer, C. S. 
 A. In July, 1865, embarked for South America ; for three years was 
 Surgeon on a vessel bound for China. Returned to Washington and re- 
 sumed practice. Member of Med. Association, D. C. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, Feb. 22, 1871 ; Trans. A. M. A., 1872, XXIII, p. 581. 
 
 JULY 6, 1846 
 
 80. GRAFTON TYLER— Born Nov. 21, 1811, "La Grange," Prince 
 George Co., Md. M. D., 1833, Univ. Maryland. Licentiate M. C. F., 
 Maryland, 1839. Father of Dr. W. B. Tyler, infra. President of Board 
 of Health, Georgetown. Died Aug. 26, 1884. Descended from a family 
 of Tylers that came from England and settled on the Patuxent River, 
 Maryland, in 1660. Son of Grafton and Ann H. Plummer Tyler. Edu- 
 cated at Carnochan's and McVean's school, Georgetown. Studied medi- 
 cine with Dr. Richard Duckett, of Maryland, with whom he formed a 
 partnership after graduation. In 1845 removed to Georgetown, D. C. 
 In 1846 became Prof. Practice of Medicine, Columbian Med. School, and 
 a few years later. Prof. Clinical Medicine, Washington Infirmary; re- 
 signed both in 1859 ; member of first Board of Visitors of Government 
 Hospital for Insane, D. C; President of Board of Council of Georgetown; 
 member Med. and Chirurg. Faculty, Maryland ; Med. Association, D. C. ; 
 Amer. Med. Association, Vice President in 1855; Consulting Physician 
 to Providence Hospital and President of the Board for its opening ; in- 
 corporator and director of Children's Hospital. Married, January, 1836, 
 Mary M., daughter of Walter Bowie, Esq., Prince George Co., Md. 
 Author of "Medicine as a science and an art," Washington, 1852. See 
 Minutes Med. Society, Aug. 27, 1884; Maryland Med. Jour., 1884, XI, 
 p. 379; Atkinson's Phys. and Surgeons, 1878, p. 238; Busey's Reminis- 
 cences, p. 161 ; Jour. A. M. A., 1884, III, p. 307 ; Cordell's Med. Annals 
 of Maryland, 1903, p. 601. 
 
 JANUARY 3, 1848 
 
 81. JAMES ETHELBERT MORGAN— Born Sept. 25, 1822, St. Mary's 
 Co., Md. M. D., 1845, Columbian ; Actg. Asst. Surg., U. S. A, ; Pres- 
 ident Med. Assn., D. C, 1879-80. Father of Drs. E. C. and J. D. Mor- 
 gan, infra. Died June 2, 1889. [His ancestors belonged to the families of 
 Morgan, of Monmouthshire, and Cecil, of Kent, England. They were 
 adherents of the cause of Charles I and Roman Catholics, and were 
 therefore glad to seek an asylum in the Catholic colony of Maryland.] 
 Educated at St. John's College, Md. After graduation in medicine prac-
 
 238 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 ticed in Washington. In 1S48 was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy, 
 Columbian Med. College ; also Asst. to Prof. Anatomy. In 1852 Prof. 
 Ph3'siology, Georgetown Med. College; afterwards of Med. Jurisprudence. 
 In 1858 Prof. Materia Medica and Therapeutics, which he held until 1876. 
 Physician and Surgeon to Washington Asylum and Smallpox Hospitals. 
 In 1862 had charge of Soldiers' Rest, under the control of U. S. Sanitary 
 Commission ; also 1862-5 Surgeon to the Quartermaster's Hospital. 
 Member of Board of Health many years. He and Dr. R. K. Stone, in/ra, 
 investigated the mysterious "National Hotel Disease." Member Amer. 
 Med. Assn. and of its Judicial Council. For many years had charge of 
 the medical staff of the District Militia. At the outbreak of the Civil 
 War he organized the 4th D. C. Vols., and at first was its Colonel, but 
 resigned and was made its Surgeon. Member of Board of Trustees of 
 Public Schools. In 1850 was elected an alderman, but soon retired. In 
 June, 1854, married Nora, daughter of Wm. Dudley Digges, of Maryland, 
 a descendant of Gov. Edward Digges, of Virginia, and of the Carroll 
 family, of Maryland. See Minutes of Med. Society, June 3, 1889; Atkin- 
 son's Phys. and Surgeons, 1878, p. 116; N. Y. Med. Jour., 1889, XLIX, 
 p. 635 ; Med. Record, N. Y., 18S9, XXXV, p. 692 ; Busey's Reminis- 
 cences, p. 196 ; Georgetown University, II, p. 76. 
 
 82. HAMILTON PLEASANTS HOWARD— Born 1820, Brookville, 
 Md. M. D., 1841, Univ. Va. Removed from the District about July 3, 
 1848. Died Dec. 29, 1863. Was President Board of Health, Washington, 
 1855-6. Surgeon and Medical Purveyor, C. S. A. 
 
 83. ALFRED ROWLAND LEE— Born April 19, 1819, Ridgfield, 
 Conn. M. D., 1839, Jefferson. Dropped from membership 1891. Died 
 Oct. 24, 1903. 
 
 84. WILLIAM McKENDREE TUCKER— [Tucker was first nomi- 
 nated in January, 1839.] Born 1821, D. C. A. B., 1840; M. D., 1844, 
 Columbian. Died Jan. 31, 1890, of consumption. Removed for burial to 
 Ballston, N. Y. 
 
 80. PHILANDER GOULD— Born in Maine. M. D., 1845, Colum- 
 bian. Nothing more known of him. 
 
 86. ROBERT KING STONE— Born in 1822, D. C. A. B., 1842, 
 Princeton. M. D., 1845, Univ. Penna. ; 1849, Univ. Louisville; 1851, 
 Univ. City of New York. Father of Dr. T. R. Stone, infra. Was physi- 
 cian to President Abraham Lincoln. President Board of Health of Wash- 
 ington, 1858-61. Died April 23, 1872, in Philadelphia, Pa. His ancestors 
 were among the earlier settlers of Washington. He studied medicine 
 with Dr. Thos. Miller, supra, and assisted the latter in the dissecting
 
 DISTRICT OF COt,UMBIA 239 
 
 room. After graduation in medicine he attended clinics at the hospitals 
 of London, Edinburgh, Paris and Vienna, paying special attention to dis- 
 eases of the eye and ear; was a private pupil of Desmarres. Returned to 
 Washington in 1847 and began practice. In 1848 became Adjunct Prof. 
 Anatomy and Physiology, Columbian Med. College ; afterwards, Prof. 
 Anatomy, Physiology and Microscopic Anatomy ; later became Prof. 
 Ophthalmic and Aural Surgery. In consequence of a fracture of the 
 thigh he gave up outdoor practice. Member Pathological Society, Wash- 
 ington. In 1849 married the daughter of Thomas Ritchie, who founded 
 the Richmond Enquirer in 1804, and Washington Union in 1845. See 
 Minutes Med. Society, April 24, 1872 ; Trans. A. M. A., 1873, XXIV, 
 p. 338; Busey's Reminiscences, pp. 54 and 56. 
 
 PROBABLY JANUARY 3, 1848 
 
 87. SAMUEL ELLICOTT TYSON— [Tyson was nominated Jan. 4, 
 1847. There was no meeting of the Society in July, 1847, and he was, 
 therefore, most probably elected at the next January meeting.] Born 
 Nov. 16, 1809, in Maryland. M. D., 1832, Washington Med. Coll., Balti- 
 more. Licentiate M. C. F., Maryland, 1832. Died March 29, 1883. 
 Grandson of Elisha Tyson, the philanthropist. Studied medicine with 
 Dr. Wm. Handy, of Baltimore, Md. After graduation, he served some 
 time in a hospital in Philadelphia, Pa. After practicing medicine awhile 
 in Washington his health failed and he engaged in pharmacy. See 
 Busey's Reminiscences, p. 162 ; Cordell's Med. Annals, Maryland, 1903, 
 
 p. 602. 
 
 JULY 3. 1848 
 
 88. GEORGE McCAULEY DOVE— Born Oct. 5, 1817, District of 
 Columbia. M. D., 1839, Univ. Penna. Licentiate M. C. F., Maryland, 
 1841. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A.; Surgeon to Baltimore Battalion, in 
 Mexican War, 1846 ; Secretary and afterwards President Board of Health, 
 D. C. Died Jan. 30, 1874. Son of Marmaduke and Margaret Dove. 
 Studied medicine with Dr. Kearney, U. S. Navy. After graduation, 
 practiced in Washington, For many years Physician to Washington 
 Asylum ; also Attending Physician Providence Hospital, and in 1849 of 
 Smallpox Hospital. For a long time Prof. Practice of Medicine, Colum- 
 bian Med. College; also sometime Demonstrator and Adjunct Prof. Anat- 
 omy, Georgetown Med. School. During the Civil War was in charge of 
 a military hospital. See Minutes Med. Society, Jan. 31, 1874 ; Trans. A. 
 M. A., 1874, XXV, p. 525; Cordell's Med. Annals of Maryland, 1903, 
 p. 381. 
 
 89. JOSEPH WALSH— Born Oct. 28, 1806, Dublin, Ireland. M. D., 
 1843, Columbian. Sometime apothecary in Washington. Acting Asst. 
 Surg., U. S. A. Father of Dr. J. K. Walsh, infra. Died of pneumonia,
 
 240 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Nov. 9, 1879. Son of Joseph and Margaret Corrigan Walsh, of Dublin. 
 Educated at the Jesuit College, Dublin. Graduated in pharmacy, 1828, 
 at Apothecaries' Hall, Dublin. Travelled much, over the world ; finally 
 settled in Washington. Served some time in U. S. Marine Barracks and 
 studied medicine. After graduation, was contract physician at Marine 
 Barracks, and also practiced among the citizens. Sometime physician to 
 the poor. Member Med. Association, D. C; Amer. Med. Association. 
 Married, Sept. 7, 1843, Elizabeth, daughter of Wm. and Malinda Tench 
 Smith, of Washington. See Minutes Med. Society, Nov. 10, 1879; 
 Trans. A. M. A., 1880, XXXI, p. 1096. 
 
 90. JOSEPH B. EDELIN, M. D.— Born in Maryland, Acting Asst. 
 Surg., U. S. A. Died May 18, 1876. 
 
 91. JOHN IGNATIUS DYER— Born May 17, 1827, District of Colum- 
 bia. M. D., Columbian, 1847. Dropped from membership, 1866. Re- 
 moved to St. Marys Co., Md. Returned to Washington, 1876; appointed 
 Visiting Physician Washington Asylum, also Physician St. Vincent's Or- 
 phan Asylum. Died May 9, 1903. 
 
 92. ISAAC STREIGHT L,AUCK— [Lauck's name appears only once 
 in the minutes of the Society, namely. May 18, 1864, the day after he 
 died. The 1885 list dates his election in 1848, but on what authority 
 does not appear.] Born March 11, 1820, Martinsburg, Va. M. D., 1841, 
 Pennsylvania College, Philadelphia. Died May 17, 1864. Grandson of 
 Peter Lauck, an officer in Morgan's Virginia Riflemen, War of American 
 Revolution ; son of First Lieutenant Lauck, Tucker's Winchester Com- 
 pany, War of 1812. Practiced medicine in Georgetown, D. C. Married 
 Miss Anna Jones, niece of Dr. Hezekiah Magruder, infra. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, May 18, 1864. 
 
 JANUARY 1, 1849 
 
 93. WM. H. SAUNDERS— Born in District of Columbia. M. D., 
 1848, University of Penna. Left the District about January, 1854. Died 
 in Nicaraugua in i860, during the last and disastrous invasion of that 
 country by Walker, the " freebooter." 
 
 94. SAMUEL CLAGETT BUSEY— Born July 23, 1828, Montgomery 
 Co., Md. M. D., 1848, Univ. Penna. LL. D., 1888, St. Mary's Univ., 
 Emmetsburg, Md. ; 1899, Georgetown Univ. President Med. Assn., D. C, 
 1875-6. Co-Editor National Medical Journal, Washington. Died Feb. 
 12, 1901. Author of "Congenital occlusion and dilation of lymph 
 channels," New York, 1878; "Personal reminiscences," etc., Washing-
 
 6i
 
 62
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 24 1 
 
 ton, 1895; "The year 1S96," etc., Washington, 1896; "A souvenir," 
 etc., Washington, 1896; "Pictures of the City of Washington," Wash- 
 ington, 1898; "Annual addresses," Washington, 1899; "Physiological 
 and clinical phenomena of natural labor," Hirst's System of Obstetrics, 
 Philadelphia, 1888, I ; " Chronic inversion of uterus," Mann's System of 
 Gynecology, Philadelphia, 1888. [Son of John and Rachel Clagett 
 Busey ; born on a farm in Montgomerj' Co., Md., li miles east of Cabin 
 John Bridge. Of Scotch-English descent ; his mother the daughter of 
 Thomas Clagett, seventh in line of descent from Capt. Thomas Clagett, 
 to whom a tract of land known as Weston was patented by Lord Balti- 
 more.] Attended a country school, afterward the Rockville Academy, 
 1841-5. Began the study of medicine with Dr. Hezekiah Magruder, 
 infra ; his facilities for study were a Cullen's Treatise on Materia Med- 
 ica, 37 years old, and a Dissector, 25 years old, several rusty scalpels and 
 a tooth forceps. Afterwards was a private student of Dr. Geo. B. W^ood, 
 Philadelphia, Pa. After graduation began to practice medicine in W^ash- 
 ington. In 1847 married Miss Posey. Was elected a member of the 
 Common Council. Assisted in the reorganization of the Medical Society 
 in 1852 ; an original member of the Pathological Society. In 1853 be- 
 came Prof. Materia Medica, Georgetown Medical School. In 1858, be- 
 cause of feeble health, gave up his practice in Washington and removed 
 to a farm named Mount Pisgah, afterward "Belvoir,"on the Woodley 
 Lane Road, where he remained till 1868. He recovered his health, re- 
 turned to the city and resumed his practice. Was soon engaged in found- 
 ing a hospital for sick children, assisted by Drs. W» B. Drinkard, F. A. 
 Ashford and W. W. Johnston. In 1875 was appointed Prof. Diseases of 
 Children, Georgetown Med. School ; in 1876, Prof, of Theory and Prac- 
 tice of Medicine. Aided in establishing a section of Diseases of Children 
 in Amer. Med. Assn. One of the founders of the American Pediatric So- 
 ciety. Materially assisted in founding Garfield Memorial Hospital. One 
 of the founders and the first President of Washington Obstet. and 
 Gynecol. Society ; founder of Amer. Gynecol. Society, one of its Vice 
 Presidents; also founder of Association of Amer. Physicians, its President 
 in 1890. One of the founders of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 
 and was on the Board of Managers and Vice President till his death. 
 Member of Philosophical, Anthropological and Historical Societies of 
 Washington. Retired from practice in 1S95 and devoted himself to lit- 
 erary work. In the matter of the water supply of the city he went before 
 Committees of Congress and Board of Trade; public meetings were held, 
 in all of which he took part. So also with the Medical Practice Act ; 
 he was always on the watch, and toward the last he went to the White 
 House and found in the bill as taken to the President for signature an 
 interpolation that required that the bill go back to the Senate for correc- 
 tion. So also with the question of pure milk supply. In 1895 he suf- 
 
 16
 
 242 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 fered a fracture of the thigh that compelled him to give up out-door 
 work. In 1896 he published an autobiography in which he gave sketches 
 of the lives of many of the founders of the Medical Society and his con- 
 temporaries. In 1899 he published a series of annual addresses that he 
 had delivered before the Society. One of these was on " The history of 
 the progress of sanitation in the City of Washington and the efforts of 
 the medical profession in relation thereto." See Minutes Med. Society, 
 Feb. 13, 20, and March 6, 1901 ; Trans. Med. Society, 1901, VI, pp. 72- 
 92; National Med. Review, 1893-4, II, p. 177; Georgetown University, 
 II, p. 77. 
 
 JANUARY ?, 1850 
 
 95. HENRY JOHN CROSSON— Born Jan. 19, 1805, Baltimore Co., 
 Md. M. D., 1836, Univ. Maryland. Sometime clerk in Treasury Dept., 
 D. C. Dropped from membership, 1877. Died Nov. 21, 1880, of con- 
 sumption. 
 
 96. RUFUS HOLMEAD SPEAKE— Born April 17, 1807, Alexandria, 
 
 D. C. M. D., 1829, Washington Med. College, Baltimore. Licentiate 
 M. C. F., Maryland, 1831-2. Died Sept. 20, 1867. Son of Capt. Josias 
 M. Speake, U. S. N. Educated in Alexandria, and in Georgetown Col- 
 lege. Studied medicine with Dr. Peregrine Warfield, supra. Practiced 
 in Montgomery Co., Md., until 1S49; afterwards in Washington till 1863, 
 when poor health compelled him to give up practice, after which he was 
 a clerk in the Second Auditor's Office, Washington. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, Sept. 20, 1867 ; Trans. A. M. A., 1868, XIX, p. 435 ; Cordell's 
 Med. Annals, Maryland, 1903, p. 577. 
 
 97. HEZEKIAH MAGRUDER— Born May 24, 1804, Montgomery Co., 
 Md. M. D., 1826, Univ. Maryland. Died July 20, 1874. Son of George 
 B. and Charity Margaret Wilson Magruder. Educated at Carnachan's 
 Seminary. Studied medicine with Dr. B. S. Bohrer, supra. After grad- 
 uation practiced in Georgetown, D. C. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; 
 Amer. Med. Assn. Married Miss Alice Crittenden, of Georgetown ; 
 afterwards, Miss Mary Chipman, of Georgetown ; afterwards. Miss Mary 
 
 E. Fitzhugh, of Virginia. One son, Dr. Alex. F. Magruder, is Passed 
 Asst. Surg., U. S. N. See Minutes Med. Society, July 21, 1874; Trans. 
 A. M. A., 1880, XXXI, p. 1065 ; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 157, 
 
 JULY 1, 1850 
 
 98. AARON WOOLLEY MILLER— Born Aug. 26, 1818, Pittsburg, 
 Pa. M. D., 1846, Columbian. Surgeon, C. S. A. Dropped from mem- 
 bership, 1877. Died Jan. 6, 18S1. Received liberal education ; served in 
 hospital of U. S. Marine Barracks, Washington. After graduation in 
 medicine practiced in Washington. At the outbreak of the Civil War
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 243 
 
 " went south" and served in hospitals till 1865 ; then returned to Wash- 
 ington and resumed practice. Member Med. Assn., D. C, and Amer. 
 Med. Assn. Son of Isaac Smith Miller who was connected with U. S. 
 Arsenal, Washington, and Abbie WooUey Miller. Married Julia Wood- 
 ward, daughter of Amon Woodward. See Minutes Med. Society, Jan. 
 12, 1881 ; Trans. A. M. A., 1881, XXXII, p. 526. 
 
 1850 
 
 99. JAMES MORRIS WILSON— [Wilson's name appears on the 18S5 
 list as having been a member in 1850. His name is not on the minutes 
 of the Society nor on the Treasurer's book.] Born Nov. 21, 1821, Prin- 
 cess Anne Co., Md. [So stated in the 1885 catalogue, but there is no 
 county of that name in Maryland.] M. D., 1846, Berkshire. Removed 
 from the District about 1858. 
 
 100. WILLIAM H. WATERS— [Waters' name does not appear on the 
 minutes of the Society nor on the Treasurer's book. The Society took 
 no action in regard to his death. The list of the Medical Association of 
 1854 states that he had left the District. The date, 1850, therefore, is 
 tentative.] Born in District of Columbia. M. D., 1841, Columbian. 
 Said to have removed from the city between 1848 and 1854. Died Nov. 
 
 7, 1865. 
 
 JANUARY 6, 1851 
 
 101. ALEXANDER SOMERVILLE WOTHERSPOON— Born 1817, 
 New York City. A. B., 1837, Columbia, N. Y. City; M. D., 1841, Coll. 
 Phys. and Surg., N. Y. City. Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 1843-54. Died May 
 4, 1854. See Brown's History, p. 293 ; Powell's History, p. 690. 
 
 JULY 7, 1851 
 
 102. SAMUEL W. EVERETT— Born Aug. 25, 1820, London, Eng- 
 land. M. D., 1850, Univ. City of New York. Removed in 1852 to 
 Quincy, 111. Surgeon, loth 111. Vols, and U. S. Vols. Killed at Battle 
 of Pittsburg Landing, April 6, 1862. Son of Chas. Everett, of Boston, 
 Mass. Educated in London and Paris. In 1840 the family came to the 
 United States, and resided at Quincy, 111. Studied medicine with Dr. 
 Adams Nichols. In 1847-8 was in charge of medical stores at San An- 
 tonio, Texas. After graduation in medicine, practiced in Washington. 
 When the Georgetown Med. School was organized he was appointed Prof. 
 Anatomy. In 1852 returned to Quincy; at the outbreak of the Civil War 
 he joined the Union Army; was stationed awhile at Cairo, 111. In the 
 winter of 1861-2 was Med. Director, Dept. Missouri, and later was ordered 
 to Tennessee. "On the battlefield of Shiloh, April 6, 1862, at about 8 
 A. M., he fell, pierced by two bullets, one through the forehead and the
 
 244 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Other through the body; the wounds were instantly fatal. He had been 
 actively engaged in his surgical duties from the commencement of the 
 action, when General Prentiss saw him stop men who were retreating, 
 and induce them to return to the front. A short time afterward he was 
 seen to rally fifty men and lead them personally into the fight, during 
 one of the most critical periods of the engagement. It was at this time, 
 when in near proximity to the enemy, and between the opposing lines, 
 that he was shot dead from his horse." In 1848 he married Miss Mary 
 Smith, of Alexandria, Va. See Trans. A. M. A., 1S63, XIV, p. 212. 
 
 103. ALEXANDER YELVERTON PEYTON GARNETT— Born Sept. 
 19, 1820, Essex Co., Va. M. D., 1841, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg, and 
 Passed Asst. Surg., U. S. N.; Surgeon, C. S. A. President Med. Assn., 
 D. C, 1882-3. President A. M. A., 1887. Died July 11, 1888, Rehoboth 
 Beach, Del. Son of Muscoe and Maria Wills Battle Garnett, who resided 
 on a plantation near the Rappahannock River. Educated by private 
 tutors. After graduation in medicine served in U. S. Navy, finally sta- 
 tioned at the Navy Yard, Washington. Resigned in 1S48, and afterwards 
 practiced in Washington. Member of Med. Assn., D. C. ; President 
 Patholog. Society ; member Amer. Med. Assn ; one of the original mem- 
 bers Amer. Climatolog. Society. In 1858 Physician to U. S. Penitentiary, 
 Washington ; Prof. Clinical Medicine, Columbian Med. College. During 
 the Civil War was Surgeon, C. S. A., in charge of military hospitals, 
 Richmond, Va. ; member of Board of Med. Examiners, C. S. A. Physi- 
 cian to Jefferson Davis, President of Southern Confederacy; to Gen. R. E. 
 Lee and family, and to most of the families of the Cabinet Officers of the 
 Confederate Government. At the close of the war he returned to Wash- 
 ington and resumed practice here. Elected Prof, of Practice of Medicine, 
 Columbian Med. College ; resigned in 1870. Member of Board of Di- 
 rectors and Consulting Staff, Columbia Hospital for Women, and Chil- 
 dren's Hospital ; of Consulting Staff, Garfield Memorial Hospital ; Con- 
 sulting Physician to St. Ann's Infant Asylum and Central Dispensary 
 and Emergency Hospital. President Southern Memorial Association. 
 Chairman of Local Committee of Arrangements, Ninth International 
 Med. Congress. Married the daughter of Hon. Henry A. Wise, Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia. One son was a physician. Dr. A. Y. P. Garnett, Jr. 
 See Minutes Med. Society, July 13, 18S8 ; Jour. Amer, Med. Assn, 1888, 
 XI, p. 105; Trans. Amer. Climat. Assn. (1890), 1891, VII, p. 323; At- 
 kinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 113 ; 20th Century Biog. Diet., 1904; 
 Busey's Reminiscences, p. 192; J. B. Hamilton's Remarks, etc., Wash- 
 ington, 1888. 
 
 104. FREDERICK ADOLPHUS WISLIZENUS— Born May, 1810, 
 Koenigsee, Germany. M. D., 1834, Univ. Ziirich. Removed to St. 
 Louis, Mo., where he died, Sept. 22, 1889. Said to have served in the
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 245 
 
 Mexican War. Educated at the Gymnasium at Dornfeld, Thuringia, at 
 Goettingen, Jena and Wuerzburg. Was compromised in the famous 
 " Frankfuerter Attendat," and had to flee the country. " In the spring 
 of 1833 a conspiracy had been formed in Frankfurt-on-the-Main, to 
 avenge itself on the Federal Diet, which by its severely restrictive press 
 laws had roused the citizens, particularly the younger portion, including 
 many students in the several faculties, to something little short of mad- 
 ness. In this conspiracy Wislizenus, with Matthia and others of the 
 medical Burschenschaft, took a leading part, the design being to blow up 
 the Diet. April 3, 1S33, the attempt was made. The guard house was 
 carried by storm, and the conspirators were within an ace of effecting 
 their purpose when the military appeared in the nick of time, arrested 
 nine of the youths and put the others to flight. Among those who, after 
 hairbreadth escapes, eluded arrest, was young Wislizenus, who found his 
 way to Switzerland, where, at the University of Ziirich he resumed his 
 studies and graduated with distinction, and in 1835 proceeded to the 
 United States. Ultimately settling in practice at St. Louis, he rapidly 
 formed an extensive clientele, of which his compatriots were the nucleus, 
 and realized a handsome income, which enabled him to give time to pure 
 science and also to travel in and beyond the States. He made memora- 
 ble visits to Mexico and the Rocky Mountains, and published most inter- 
 esting records of his observations and experiences. By all classes he was 
 looked upon as an enthusiastic and large-minded reformer, and honest 
 and benevolent survivor of the ' Vor Achtundvierziger' men, as the pre- 
 cursors of the revolution of 1848 are familiarly called." See Annual Re- 
 port of Smithsonian Institution, 1904, pp. 398, 715 ; Lancet, London, 
 1889, II, p. 936. 
 
 JANUARY 2, 1852 
 
 105. JAMES M. AUSTIN— Born in Virginia. M. D., 1832, Univ. 
 Penna. First Prof. Materia Medica, Georgetown Med. School ; mem- 
 ber Clinico-Patholog. Society. Removed and died. 
 
 106. MARTIN VAN BUREN BOGAN— Born Sept. 16, 1829, Wood- 
 stock, Va. Son of Maj. Benjamin Lewis and Sarah Ott Bogan. Brother 
 of Dr. S. W. Bogan, ittfra. Father of Dr. J. B. Bogan. M. D., 1851, 
 Columbian. Dropped from membership 1878. Married Naomi Thomp- 
 son ; in 1859 Charlotte Augusta Gray. Died April 20, 1898. 
 
 107. SAMUEL B. BLANCHARD— Born in 1817, in Massachusetts. 
 M. D., 1850, Columbian, Dropped from membership 1872. Died sud- 
 denly Aug. 21, 1877. Practiced in Washington. Member Med. Assn., 
 D. C. Unmarried. See Trans. A. M. A., 1878, XXIX, p. 618.
 
 246 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 [P. J. Reuss paid the membership fee $5.00 Oct. 26, 1852, but there 
 is no record of nomination, election, or even the granting of a license ; 
 nor does the name appear on the list of the Med. Association.] 
 
 JANUARY 13, 1853 
 
 108. FRANCIS HAMILTON HILL— Borni826 or 1827, D. C. M. D., 
 1849, Columbian. Reelected again about July 7, 1856; the reason does 
 not appear. Dropped from membership. Died Jan. 30, 1906. 
 
 109. BENJAMIN FANEUIL CRAIG— Born Jan. 28, 1829, at U. S. Ar- 
 senal, Watertown, Mass. A. B., 1849 ; M. D., 1851, Univ. Penna. Acting 
 Assist. Surg., U. S. A. Author of "Weights and Measures according to 
 the decimal system," &c. New York, 1867; second edition, 1868. 
 "Report relative to steerage passengers on emigrant vessels," Wash- 
 ington, 1874. Died April 10, 1877. Son of Gen. H. K. Craig, Chief of 
 Ordnance, U. S. A. Educated at schools in Boston. After graduation 
 in medicine he studied in London and Paris. Returned to United States 
 in 1853 and was appointed Prof. Chemistry, Georgetown Med. School. 
 In 1858 was placed in charge of Chemical Laboratory, Smithsonian 
 Institution. At the outbreak of the Civil War was made Consulting 
 Chemist to the Medical Purveyor's Dept., U. S. Army. " Dr. Craig also 
 prepared, from material found in the U. S. Patent Office, a monograph 
 on rifled field ordnance, showing the actual condition of the rifled artil- 
 lery used in the army in the early years of the war. General H. J. Hunt, 
 remarked of this paper that it contained later information by eighteen 
 months than could be found in the War Department files, and was of 
 great use to him in discharging his duties as Chief of Artillery of the 
 Army of the Potomac, and he was much aided by the analyses, made by 
 Dr. Craig, of fuses and other ordnance material." After the close of the 
 war Dr. Craig continued in charge of the chemical laboratory of the 
 Army Medical Department, and in addition supervised and collected the 
 meteorological observations reported by the medical officers at various 
 points. In 1S73, at the request of the Secretary of the Treasury, he 
 made two voyages to Europe to make a series of elaborate experiments 
 on the air of the steerages of emigrant steamers, with a view of establish- 
 ing regulations for the amelioration of the condition of the passengers by 
 these vessels. For a year before his death he was engaged in drawing 
 up a report on the influence of climate on the health of troops, designed 
 as an addition to the Medical History of the War. Member of Amer. 
 Assn. Adv. Science ; Secretary of Philosophical Society of Washington, 
 etc. [The Treasurer's book shows that Benjamin Franklin paid I5.00 on 
 March 15, 1853 : this is probably intended for Craig, as no one by the 
 name of Franklin appears on the list of licentiates or the Med. Assn.] 
 See Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1877, XCVI, p. 590.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 247 
 
 110. EDWARD HACKLEY CARMICHAEL— Born in Glasgow, Scot- 
 land. M. D., 1817, Univ. Maryland. Died in 1855, in Washington. 
 
 [Carmichael, Du Hamel and Palmer attended a meeting, Nov. 19, 1852, 
 and Carmichael and Du Hamel voted, though they were not elected till 
 Jan. 13, 1853, so that the mere fact of attending or even voting, does not 
 prove that the person was a member.] 
 
 111. WM. JAMES CHAMBERLIN DU HAMEL— Born June 18, 1827, 
 Maryland. A. M., St. Mary's College, Baltimore; M. D., 1849, Univ. 
 Maryland. Licentiate M. C. F., Maryland. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. 
 A. Dropped from membership, 1872. Removed to Baltimore. Died in 
 Washington, Aug. 15, 1883. After graduation in medicine, he practiced, 
 in partnership with a Dr. Bayne, for several years. Said to have attended 
 the occupants of the White House for three Presidential terms. Physician 
 to U. S. prisoners, D. C, several years. See Atkinson's Biog., 1880, Sup- 
 plement, p. 5 ; Appleton's Biog., 1887, II, p. 251 ; Cordell's Med. An- 
 nals, Maryland, 1903, p. 383, 
 
 112. JOHN CAMPBELL RILEY, son of Dr. Joshua Riley, supra— 
 Born Dec. 15, 1828, D. C. A. B., 184S; A. M., 1851, Georgetown. M. D., 
 1851, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. President Board of 
 Health two years. Commissioner of Pharmacy. Died Feb. 22, 1879, of 
 Bright's Disease. Author of " Compend of materia medica and thera- 
 peutics," Philadelphia, 1869, which was translated into Japanese; Tokio, 
 1872. After graduation in medicine he practiced in Washington. In 
 1859 succeeded his father in the chair of Materia Medica, Therapeutics 
 and Pharmacy, Columbian Med. College. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; 
 Amer. Med. Assn. ; Philosophical Societyof Washington ; Secretary of 
 Pharmacopoeia Revision Committee. Consulting Physician Providence 
 Hospital, Central Dispensary and Eye and Ear Infirmary. Married a 
 Miss Howie, afterwards a Miss Wilson. See Minutes Med. Society, Feb. 
 24, 1879; Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 234; National Med. Re- 
 view, 1878-9, I, p. 136; Appleton's Biog., 1889, V, p. 256; Trans, A. M. A., 
 1879, p. 833 ; Georgetown University, II, p. 155. 
 
 113. WILLIAM GRAY PALMER— Born Feb. 22, 1824, Montgomery 
 Co., Md. M. D., 1844, Univ. Penna. Died Nov. 23, 1893. Came of a 
 family of medical men. Son of a popular physician in Montgomery Co. 
 Studied medicine with his father. After graduation practiced at Bladens- 
 burg, Md., until 1853, when he removed to Washington. Member Amer. 
 Med. Assn. See Minutes Med. Society, Nov. 24, 1893 ; Atkinson's Phys. 
 and Surg., 1878, p. 511; Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 664; Busey's Reminis- 
 cences, p. 201.
 
 248 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 114. JOHN RICHARDS— Born Oct. 15, 1815, County Antrim, Ire- 
 land. M. D., 1834, Univ. Maryland, Father of Dr. F. P. Richards, infra. 
 Died in Washington, of pneumonia, Jan. 19, 1862. [Son of Samuel 
 Richards and Rosanna Brown, who came from near Belfast, Ireland ; 
 their ancestors came from Scotland in the time of Henry VIII.] Had a 
 classical education and attended medical schools at Univ. Edinburgh and 
 in Paris. Had an uncle, John Richards, who practiced in Alexandria, 
 Va., and who persuaded the Doctor to come to America. He came in 
 1837 (?) In 1841 married Laura, daughter of Col. Francis Peyton. In 
 1852 he removed to Washington to practice. Member Med. Association, 
 D. C. See Minutes Med. Society, Jan. 21, J862. 
 
 115. LEOPOLD VICTOR DOVILLIERS— Born Feb. 15, 1818, Paris, 
 France. M. D., 1850, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A. 
 Sometime Prof. French, U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis. Dropped 
 from membership, 1889. Died Aug. 25, 1892. 
 
 116. McCarthy B. MELVIN— Born 1814, Virginia. M. D., 1849, 
 Univ. Maryland. Dropped from membership, 1875. Died May 21, 1904, 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 JANUARY 2, 1854 
 
 117. SAMUEL AUCHMETY HARRISON McKIM— Born April 17, 
 1826, Charlestown, Mass. M. D., 1852, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., 
 U. S. A. Dropped from membership. Reelected Oct. i, 1861; dropped 
 a second time; reelected April 3, 1889; resigned Jan. 24, 1900. Died 
 July 26, 1900, of paralysis. [His parents came from England to Wash- 
 ington in 1804 ; removed later to Massachusetts, and returned to Wash- 
 ington, when his father was appointed Paymaster at U. S. Marine 
 Barracks.] After graduation in medicine he practiced in Washington. 
 In 1 861 he organized a company of volunteers for the Union Army and 
 was made Captain ; was stationed at Bennings Bridge, D. C. In 1890 was 
 made Surgeon of 3d Battalion, D. C. N. G.; in June, 1893, Surgeon ist 
 Regt., N. G. For some years was Surgeon B. & O. R. R. ; for 30 years 
 Surgeon to Metropolitan Police, D. C. 
 
 118. ALEXANDER S. YOUNG— Born in the D. C. M. D. 1850, 
 Columbian. Was elected again Jan. 7, 1856 ; the reason does not appear. 
 Nothing more known of him. 
 
 119. HENRY CONSTANTINE SIMMS— Born, 1828, D. C. M. D., 
 1855, Jefferson. Elected again Jan. 7, 1856 ; the reason does not appear. 
 Removed to Brooklyn, N. Y., 1857. W^as Coroner of Kings Co., N. Y., 
 1874-82. Physician to several hospitals. Died Feb. 13, 1883.
 
 Jvn-c Lns.Co. 
 
 63
 
 64
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 249 
 
 PROBABLY JANUARY 3, 1855 
 
 120. JAMES WM. HAMII.TON LOVEJOY— Born Dec. 15, 1824, D. C. 
 A. B., 1844; A. M., 1847, Columbian. M. D., 1851, Jefferson. President 
 Med. Assn., D. C, 1870-3. Died March 18, 1901. His ancestors settled 
 in Maryland about 1600. Son of John Nay lor Lovejoy, Jr., of Washing- 
 ton, and Ann Beddo Lovejoy, of Montgomery Co., Md. Educated in 
 private schools, Washington ; taught school a few years. After gradua- 
 tion in medicine, practiced in Washington. 1851-4, was Prof. Chemistry, 
 Georgetown Med. School ; became Prof. Materia Medica in 1880, and of 
 Practice of Medicine in 1883 ; resigned in 1898. Was Dean five years 
 and President of the Med. Faculty ten years. One of the founders and 
 Consulting Physician, Garfield Memorial Hospital ; Director and Con- 
 sulting Physician and Chairman of Executive Committee, Children's 
 Hospital ; Chairman of Lecture Faculty of Nurses' Training School; 
 member Amer. Med. Assn., Asst. Secretary in 1868 ; member Med. and 
 Surg. Society, D. C. ; sometime President Alumni Assn., Columbian 
 University. Nov. 24, 1S58, married Maria Lansing Green, daughter of 
 Wni. A. Green, of Brooklyn, N. Y. See Minutes, Med. Society, March 
 20, and April 3, 1901 ; Tans, Med. Society, 1901, VI, p. 120; Atkinson's 
 Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 64 ; Who's Who in America, 1901-2 ; George- 
 town University, II, p. 74. 
 
 121. RALEIGH T. BROWNE— Born in Virginia. M. D., 1836, Univ. 
 Penna. Died before 1S61. 
 
 122. ALEXANDER JENKINS SEMMES— Born Dec. 17, 1828. Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. A. B., 1850; A. M., 1852, Georgetown; M. D., 1851, 
 Columbian. Removed from D. C. in i860. Surgeon, 8th Louisiana 
 (Conf.) Vols.; Surgeon and Med. Insp., C. S. A. Died September, 1898, 
 at New Orleans, La. [Son of Raphael Semmes, of Nanjemoy, and Ma- 
 tilda Neale Jenkins, of Cobneck, on the Potomac, Charles Co., Md. ; his 
 paternal and maternal grandfathers were officers of the Maryland line of 
 the Revolutionary Army, direct descendants of Roman Catholic gentry, 
 who, flying from persecution in England, came to Maryland between 
 1636 and 1650 ; some of them settled in the adjoining counties of Vir- 
 ginia.] Cousin of Raphael Semmes, Commander of the Alabama, Con- 
 federate Navy. Educated in Georgetown College. Studied medicine with 
 Dr. Grafton Tyler, supra. After graduation, attended medical schools 
 and hospitals in London and Paris. Practiced medicine in Washington ; 
 was Physician to U. S. Jail. After removal to New Orleans was Resident 
 Physician Charity Hospital. During the Civil W^ar, served in Hay's 
 Louisiana Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia ; was Surgeon in charge 
 third division Jackson Military Hospital, Richmond, Va.; Medical In- 
 spector, Department of Northern Virginia ; Inspector of Hospitals, De-
 
 250 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 partment of Virginia ; member of Army Board to examine medical 
 officers; President of Examining Boards of the Louisiana, Jackson, Stuart 
 and Winder Hospitals, Richmond. After the close of the war he re- 
 turned to New Orleans, and was Visiting Physician to Charity Hospital. 
 In 1867 removed to Savannah, Ga.; 1870 to 1876, Prof. Physiology, Sa- 
 vannah Med. College. Subsequently took orders in Roman Catholic 
 Church and in 1886 became President of Pio Nono College, Macon, Ga. 
 Member of the Georgia Med. Society and Amer. Med. Association, of 
 which he was one of the Secretaries in 1858-9 and 1869, and in 1852 was 
 Corresponding Secretary of the Amer. Med. Society in Paris. Married, 
 Oct. 4, 1864, at Savannah, Ga., Sarah Lowndes Berrien, daughter of John 
 MacPherson Berrien, Attorney General, United States, in Cabinet of 
 President Jackson, and for many years U. S. Senator from Georgia. 
 Author of " Report on the medico-legal duties of coroners," Philadelphia, 
 1857. See Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 271; Appleton's Biog., 1889, V, p. 
 460; Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 674; Georgetown University, II, p. 158. 
 
 [Semmes and Hagner attended the meeting, Jan. 3, 1855, and Semmes 
 was elected Treasurer at that meeting. There is no record of any meet- 
 ing in July, 1854. Coolidge attended a meeting, July 2, 1855, and was 
 placed on an important committee. Hansmann attended Jan. 7, 1856.] 
 
 123. DANIEL RANDALL HAGNER— Born July 19, 1830, D. C. 
 A. B. and A. M., St. John's College, Hagerstown, Md. M. D., 1851, 
 Univ. Penna. President, 1883-4, Med. Assn., D. C. Died March 14, 
 1893. Son of Peter Hagner, for nearly fifty years Third Auditor, U. S. 
 Treasury Dept. After graduating in medicine he spent a year or more in 
 Europe ; then practiced in Washington. Consulting Physician, Prov- 
 idence Hospital and St. Ann's Infant Asylum, 1867-8. Member Board 
 of Health, D. C. Author of "Vaccination and revaccination," Wash- 
 ington, 1864. See Minutes Med. Society, March 15, 1S93; National Med. 
 Review, 1893-4, II, p. 21 ; Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 233 ; Busey's Rem- 
 iniscences, p. 202. 
 
 124. RICHARD HOFFMAN COOLIDGE— Born March 10, 1820, 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y. M. D., 1841, College Phys. and Surg., N. Y. City. 
 Asst. Surg., Surgeon, Med. Inspector and Med. Director, U. S. A. Died 
 Jan. 23, 1866, Raleigh, N. C. Author of "Statistical report of the sick- 
 ness and mortality in the army of the U. S." etc., Washington, 1856 and 
 i860. Studied medicine with his uncle, Dr. Richard Kissam Hoffman. 
 After graduation attended the hospitals of N. Y. City for about two years. 
 Was then commissioned in the Army Med. Corps. Served in Maine and 
 in Indian Territory; in 1848 at Vera Cruz, and afterwards in New Orleans 
 as Medical Purveyor. Jan., 1849, "^^s ordered to duty in the office of the 
 Surgeon General, U. S. Army, at Washington. While there he revised
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 25 1 
 
 and republished Dr. Thomas Henderson's {supra) " Hints on the exam- 
 ination of recruits;" and was co-editor of Beck's Med. Jurisprudence, 
 reptiblished in i860. In 1856-8 was at Ft. Riley, Kansas ; 1858-60 
 again in Washington ; 1860-2 on the Pacific coast ; 1862-5 was Med. In- 
 spector, serving in the East and South ; November, 1S65, became Med. 
 Director, stationed at Raleigh, N. C, where he died. See Brown's His- 
 tory, pp. 286, 288, 293; Powell's History, p. 256; Minutes Med. Society, 
 Feb. 7, 1866; New York Med. Jour., 1866, II, p. 399. Appleton's Biog., 
 1887, I, p. 723 ; Trans. A. M. A., 1867, XVIII, p. 352. 
 
 125. CHARLES FAIRCHILD FORCE— Born Feb. 9, 1827, D. C. 
 M. D., 1852, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., C. S. A. Served during 
 the Mexican War in Company B, ist Virginia Infantry. Health Officer 
 in Washington in i860 and Surgeon to D. C. Troops. Went South and 
 joined 5th Alabama Regiment just after first battle of Manassas. Mem- 
 ber of Gen. R. E. Rodes' staff. Left Virginia and went to Alabama with 
 Gen. John T. Morgan to raise 51st Alabama Cavalry, and was elected 
 Captain of Company E. Served in Tennessee campaign under Gens. 
 N. B. Forrest and Joe Wheeler. Was captured near Shelbyville, Tenu., 
 June 29, 1863, and was in prison on Johnson's Island, near Sandusky, 
 Ohio, until April 22, 1864. Surrendered at Meridian, Miss., at close of 
 war, after which he lived at Cababa, Ala., until Jan., 1866, then went to 
 Selma, Ala. Died Aug. 4, 1884. Married Mary E. Matthews, of Tusca- 
 loosa, Ala., Jan. 15, 1867. 
 
 126. BERNHARD LUDWIG WILHELM THEODOR HANS- 
 MANN— Born Sep. 21, 1821, Dudesdorf, Germany. M. D., 1850, Got- 
 tingen. Resigned from the Society, Jan. 11, 1899. Retired from practice. 
 
 JULY 2, 1855 
 
 127. SAMUEL JACOBS RADCLIFFE— Born Feb. 2, 1829, D. C. M. 
 D., 1852 ; A. M., 1866, Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Asst. 
 Surg, and Surg., U. S.Vols. Died July 9, 1903. Son of Joseph Radcliffe, 
 [for twenty years a clerk in the old corporation of Washington], and the 
 daughter of Thomas Jacobs, Alexandria, Va. Educated at McLeod's 
 Academy, Rockville, Md., and Georgetown College. Studied medicine 
 with Dr. J. B. Edelin, supra, and Dr. F. Howard, supra. After gradua- 
 tion, practiced in Washington. Sometime Physician to the Poor. He 
 removed to Baltimore, Md., in 1858; was elected a member Med. and 
 Surg. Society, of Baltimore, in 1859; appointed by the mayor Physician 
 to the Marine Hospital in 1861. In July, 1862, was appointed Acting 
 Asst. Surg., U. S. A., and was on duty until Feb., 1864, at U. S. General 
 Hospital, Annapolis, Md. Was then commissioned Asst. Surg., U. S. V.,
 
 252 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 and ordered to the Army of the Potomac. Served through the campaign 
 to Petersburg, Va., as Surgeon to Field Hospital, 5th Army Corps, and in 
 Sept., 1864, was ordered to Naval School Hospital, Annapolis. Pro- 
 moted to Surgeon, U. S. V., and ordered to North Carolina as Inspector of 
 Hospitals and Medical Director, 23d Army Corps, until it was disbanded • 
 afterwards Surgeon in charge of General Hospital, Smithville, N. C. 
 Brevetted Lieut. Col.; mustered out, Oct., 1865. In 1866 appointed Act- 
 ing Asst. Surg., U. 8. A., and assistant to Surgeon Basil Norris, U. S. A., 
 the Attending Surgeon at Washington ; and occupied the position many 
 years. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Amer. Med. Assn.; National Institute; 
 Wash. Acad. Sciences and Wash. Microscop. Society. Married Florence 
 C, daughter of Dr. Joshua Riley, supra. See Atkinson's Biog., 1880, 
 Supp., p. 12 ; Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 7 and 21, 1903 ; Wash. Med. 
 Annals, 1903, p. 350; Georgetown Univ., II, p. 163. 
 
 128. JOSEPH DUNTON STEWART— Born in Pennsylvania. M. D., 
 1837, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg., 31st and 74th New York Vols. Dropped 
 from membership, 1875. Died. 
 
 JANUARY 7, 1856 
 
 129. LOUIS MACK ALL— Born April 10, 183 1, Prince George Co., 
 Md. M. D., 1851, Univ. Maryland. Licentiate M. C. F., Maryland. 
 Father of Drs. J. McV. and Louis Mackall, infra. President, 1876-9, 
 Med. Assn., D. C. Died April 18, 1906. Son of Dr. Louis and Sarah 
 Somervell Mackall. His ancestors emigrated from Scotland about 1650 
 and settled in Calvert Co., Md. He was educated in Abbott's Classical 
 Seminary, Georgetown, and Georgetown College. Studied medicine 
 with his father. Practiced in Georgetown; member Amer. Med. Associ- 
 ation; Prof. Clinical Medicine, afterwards Prof. Physiology, Georgetown 
 Med. School; many years Attending Physician and on Consulting Board 
 Columbia Hosp. for Women; of Consulting Boards of Garfield and Emer- 
 gency Hospitals ; member of Common Council and Board of Health 
 of Georgetown. Married, in April, 1851, Margaret W. McVean. See 
 Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 76; Minutes Med. Society, June 13, 1906; 
 Wash. Med. Annals, 1906-7, V, p. 209; Cordell's Med. Annals of Mary- 
 land, 1903, p. 483. 
 
 [July 7, 1856, the Society amended the Constitution, authorizing the 
 President to issue certificates of membership to qualified applicants. 
 This continued until July i, i860, when it was again required that appli- 
 cation should be made to and the applicant be elected by the Society. 
 During the four-years interval the record fails to show the dates of the 
 certificates given by the successive Presidents, and apparently it is now
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 253 
 
 impossible to ascertain the dates. The names of the accessions to mem- 
 bership during the interval are arranged in an order that is explained for 
 each group.] 
 
 PROBABLY JULY -J, 1856 
 
 130. JAMES M. GRYMES— Born in Norfolk, Va. M. D., 1853, 
 Georgetown. Died in 1862. 
 
 [Hill, McCalla, Marbury, Waring and Nichols were nominated Jan. 7, 
 1856. Apparently McCalla first attended Jan. 30, 1858 ; Marbury, June 
 4, 1857 ; Lippitt, Oct. 27, 1855 ; Waring, July 13, 1857 ; Grymes and 
 Snyder attended May 14, 1856, and were appointed on a committee.] 
 
 131. JOHN MARSHALL SNYDER— Born Dec. 21, 1828, Charles- 
 town, Va. M. D., 1850, Univ. City of New York. Second Lieut., 4th 
 Kentucky Infantry, Mexican War. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Father 
 of Dr. A. A. Snyder, infra. Died by accident, Aug. 2, 1863. Educated 
 at Sanborn's Academy, Charlestown, Va. Moved to Tennessee. Served 
 one year in war with Mexico; returned at the close of the war with 
 sick and wounded sent back to the United States. Studied medicine with 
 Prof. S. D. Gross, then of Louisville, Ky. After graduation he practiced 
 in Georgetown. In 1853 became Prof. Surgery, Georgetown Med. School; 
 a few years later, Prof. Obstetrics. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; Amer. 
 Med. Assn. ; Patholog. Society, D. C. Married, in 1853, Sophia C. 
 Tayloe, daughter of Wm. H. Tayloe, of Mount Airy, Richmond Co., Va. 
 See Trans. A. M. A., 1880, XXXI, p. 1086; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 177. 
 
 132. JOHN MOORE McCALLA— Born May 24, 1835, Lexington, Ky. 
 M. D., 1853, Columbian. Resigned Feb. 21, 1877, retiring from practice. 
 Died April 30, 1897. 
 
 133. WILLIAM MARBURY— Born Feb. 9, 1824, D. C. A. M., 1843, 
 Georgetown; M. D., 1847, Univ. Penna. Died Dec. 18, 1879. Son of 
 John Marbury, an eminent lawyer of the District. Educated at George- 
 town College. Studied medicine with Dr. Grafton Tyler, supra. Began 
 practice at Falmouth, Va., but after four years returned to Washington. 
 Attending Physician to Washington Orphan Asylum and Providence 
 Hospital. Member Med. Association, D. C, and Amer. Med. Associa- 
 tion. Retired from practice to engage in the oil business in W. Va. 
 Unmarried. See Trans. A. M. A., 1880, XXXI, p. 1066; Busey's Remi- 
 niscences, p. 186; Minutes Med, Society, Dec. 18, 1879. 
 
 134. WM. FONTAINE LIPPITT— Born Sept. 27, 1833, near Lees- 
 burg, Va. Educated at Univ. Virginia. M. D., 1853, Jefferson. Mar- 
 ried, 1859, M. Louise Perry, daughter of Judge Perry, of Cumberland, 
 Md. Removed about i860 to Charlestown, Va., where he died, March 
 II, 1902. One son, Dr. W. F. Lippitt, Jr., is in Porto Rico.
 
 254 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 135. JAMES JOHNSTON WARING— Born Aug. 19, 1830, Savannah, 
 Ga. A. B., 1850, Yale. M. D., 1852, Univ. Penna. Removed to vSavan- 
 nah, 1863. Was Surg. General, Eastern District North Carolina, C.S.A., 
 1862-3. Died in 18S8. Author of " The Epidemic at Savannah, 1877," 
 etc.; Savannah, 1879. See also Report of Committee on Sewerage, 
 Savannah, 1866. Prof. Obstetrics, Columbian Med. College. It is said 
 that he had some connection with the Smithsonian Institution and 
 pledged his private fortune to raise money for it, but eventually was 
 unable to meet the interest on the loans and the notes were closed out. 
 His principal life work was in connection with drainage and sanitation 
 of Savannah during and after the yellow fever epidemic 1876. Alder- 
 man in 1877-8. 
 
 136. CHARLES HENRY NICHOLS— Born Oct. 19, 1820, Vassal- 
 boro. Me. M. D., 1843, Univ. Penna. A. M., 1851, Union College, 
 Schenectady, N. Y. LL. D., 1879, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. 
 A. Supt. of St. Elizabeth Asylum, D. C, 1852-77, then became Super- 
 intendent of Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Name dropped ; re- 
 elected Jan. 7, 1867. Died Dec. 16, 1889. Educated in schools in Maine 
 and at Providence, R. I. In 1847 became connected with the State In- 
 sane Asylum, Utica, N. Y.; in 1849 Physician to Bloomingdale .\sylura. 
 In 1852, at the suggestion of Miss Dorothea Dix, was appointed by Pres- 
 ident Fillmore to superintend the construction and management of St. 
 Elizabeth Asylum, Washington. For many years was President of 
 Association of Amer. Superintendents of Insane Asylums ; Honorary 
 member British Med. -Psychol. Association. See Atkinson's Phys. and 
 Surg., 1878, p. 693 ; Appleton's Biog., 1888, IV, p. 512; Med. Record, 
 N. Y., 1889, XXXVI, p. 687; Amer. Jour. Insanity, 1888-9 ; XLV, p. 446. 
 
 PROBABLY BETWEEN JULY, 1856 AND JANUARY, 1857 
 
 137. JOHN EDWARD WILLETT— Born June 23, 1834, Rockville, 
 Md. M. D., 1855, Georgetown. "Demonstrator Anatomy, Georgetown 
 Med. School. Was ill with some mental disease from 1863 till his death, 
 Jan. 21, 1887. 
 
 138. WILLIAM HENRY BERRY— Born Dec. 3, 1827, D. C. A. M., 
 1847, Princeton; M. D., 1850, Univ. Maryland. Died Feb. 19, 1859. Son 
 of Philip T. Berry and Mary Ann Haw, daughter of John S. Haw. His 
 grandparents were Wm. and Martha Berry, of Prince George Co., Md. 
 He was educated in Georgetown. Studied medicine with Dr. Grafton 
 Tyler, supra. After graduation, spent some time in European hospitals; 
 afterwards practiced in Washington. Was Physician to Washington 
 Asylum. See Minutes Med. Society, Feb. 21, 1859; Trans. A. M. A., 
 i860, XIII, p. 814. 
 
 [Berry and Lincoln were nominated Jan. 7, 1856.]
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 255 
 
 139. JOHN F. KING— Probably A. B., 1852, Georgetown; M. D., 
 1855, Jefferson. Died March 25, 1873. 
 
 140. NATHAN SMITH LINCOLN— Born April 3, 1828, Gardner, 
 Mass, A. B., 1850; A. M., 1853, Dartmouth; M. D., 1852, Univ. Mary- 
 land. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A.; Surgeon, D. C. Vols. President, 
 1892-3, Med. Assn., D. C. Died Oct. 14, 1898. His great-grandfather. 
 Gen. Jonathan Chase, drew up the articles of surrender for Burgoyne's 
 army at Saratoga, and Gen. Benj. Lincoln received the sword of Corn- 
 wallis at the Yorktown surrender. His grandfather. Dr. Nathan Smith, 
 founded the medical schools of Yale and Dartmouth. Dr. Lincoln's pa- 
 rents were Rev. Increase Turner and Eliza Smith Lincoln. He studied 
 medicine with his uncle. Dr. Nathan Ryno Smith, of Baltimore. After 
 graduation he practiced in Baltimore till Jan. i, 1854, when he removed 
 to Washington. In 1857 was elected Prof, of Chemistry, Columbian Med. 
 College, and afterwards filled the chairs of Theory and Practice of Medi- 
 cine, Anatomy and Physiology, and Surgery, holding the latter place till 
 1874, when he resigned. In 1861 was appointed Acting Asst. Surgeon, 
 in charge of the Quartermaster's Hospital, Washington. Member Med. 
 Assn., D. C; Amer. Med. Association ; Amer. Assn. Advance. Sci.; Phil- 
 osophical Society of Washington ; Vice President Ninth Internat. Med. 
 Congress, 1887; President Alumni Association, Univ. Maryland; Surgeon 
 to Providence Hospital, Washington, 1866 to 1875; Consulting Surgeon, 
 Garfield and Children's Hospitals. Married first, Mrs. Margaret E. Rid- 
 gate, of Washington; next, Mrs. Nannie Smith, of Baltimore; and third, 
 Jeanie Thomas, daughter of Judge George Gould, of Troy, N. Y. See 
 Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 19 and Nov. 2, 1898; Trans. Med. Soc, III, 
 for 1898, p. 142; Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 220 ; Stone's Biog., 
 1894, p. 651 ; National Med. Rev., 1898-9, VIII, pp. 372, 414 ; Med. Rec- 
 ord, N. Y., 189S, LIV, p. 594. 
 
 141. JOSEPH MEREDITH TONER— Born April 30, 1825. Pittsburg, 
 Pa. M. D., 1850, Vermont Acad. Med. Sci.; 1853, Jefferson; A. M. 
 1867, Ph. D., 1889, Georgetown. President Med. Assn., D. C, 1886-7. 
 President, 1874, Amer. Med. Assn. Honorary member M. C. F., Mary- 
 land, 1878. Died at Cresson Springs, Pa., July 30, 1896. Educated at 
 Western University and Mt. St. Mary's College, Md. Practiced success- 
 ively at Summit and Pittsburg, Pa., Harper's Ferry, Va., and in Nov., 
 1855, removed to Washington. Member Amer. Public Health Associa- 
 tion, its President in 1874 ; one of the Vice Presidents Internat. Med. 
 Congress, Philadelphia, 1876 ; honorary member New York and Cali- 
 fornia State Med. Societies, and Boston Gynecological Society. Vice 
 President and Registrar Internat. Med. Congress at Washington in 1887. 
 Founder of Providence Hospital and St. Ann's Infant Asylum, Washing-
 
 256 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 ton, to which he was Visiting Physician ; and from 1856 was Attending 
 Physician to St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. In consideration of the per- 
 ishable character of much of the early medical literature of this country 
 Dr. Toner devised a scheme for a repository of medical works that should 
 be under the control of the medical profession of the United States and 
 located at the National Capital. His resolution on this subject was 
 adopted by the Amer. Med. Association in 1868, and resiilted in the es- 
 tablishment of the library of that organization. The collection was placed 
 in the Smithsonian Institution and reached the number of several thou- 
 sand volumes, including pamphlets. In 187 1 he founded the Toner lec- 
 tures by placing 113,000, afterwards increased to nearly double that amount, 
 in the hands of trustees charged with the duty of annually procuring two 
 lectures containing new facts valuable to medical science ; the interest 
 on the fund, save ten per cent., which was added to the permanent fund, 
 was paid to the authors of the essays. These lectures were included in 
 the regular list of publications of the Smithsonian Institution. It was 
 the first attempt in this country to endow a course of lectures on such 
 conditions. Dr. Toner devoted much time and research to early medical 
 literature, collected over a thousand treatises published before 1800, and, 
 besides publishing numerous monographs, had in preparation a Biograph- 
 ical Dictionary of Deceased American Physicians, of which more than 
 four thousand sketches were completed. He was an authority on the 
 medical, biographical and local history of the District of Columbia. He 
 devised a s^'stem of symbols of geographical localities which was adopted 
 by the United States Post Office Department. Member of numerous 
 medical, historical and philosophical associations, and published more 
 than fifty papers and monographs upon subjects of interest to the med- 
 ical profession. In 1874 he placed a gold medal, struck at the United 
 States Mint and bearing his likeness, at the disposal of the Faculty of 
 Jefferson Med. College to be awarded annually to the student producing 
 the best thesis based upon original research. In the same year he estab- 
 lished a medal to be granted annually by the Faculty of the University 
 of Georgetown, D. C, to the student who should collect and name the 
 greatest number of specimens in any department of the natural sciences. 
 In 1882 he gave his entire library, including manuscripts, to the United 
 States Government ; it consisted of 28,000 books and 18,000 pamphlets. 
 Author of Address before the Rocky Mountain Med. Association, 
 Washington, 1877 ; Med. Register, Washington, 1867 ; Anniversary 
 Oration, Washington, 1869 ; Contributions to Annals of Med. Progress, 
 Washington, 1874; Dictionary of Elevations, etc., New York, 1874; 
 Medical Men of the Revolution, Philadelphia, 1876 ; Notes on the Burn- 
 ing of Theaters, Washington, 1876. See Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 14 
 and 21, 1896; Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 166; Northwestern Med. and 
 Surg. Jour., St. Paul, Minn., 1872-3, III, p. 247 ; Appleton's Biog., 1889,
 
 HENRY MERRILL JEWETT 
 
 1903 
 
 ADOLPHUS BOGARDUS BENNETT, J"
 
 66 
 
 1
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 257 
 
 VI, p. 132; National Med. Review, 1896-7, VI, p. 159; Stone's Biog., 
 1894, p. 513; Trans. 75th Anniv. Med. Society, D. C, 1894, p. 22; George- 
 town University, II, p. 58; Cordell's Med. Annals Maryland, 1903, p. 598. 
 
 142. TOBIAS PURRINGTON— Born March 19, 1801, Windham, Me. 
 M. D., 1826, Bowdoin. Died May 3, 1880. See Minutes Med. Society, 
 May 4, 1880. 
 
 1-43. JOHNSON VAN DYKE MIDDLETON— Born Dec. 15, 1834, 
 D. C. M. D., 1855, Georgetown. Asst. Surg., Surgeon and Deputy 
 Surgeon General, U. S. A. Retired Dec. 15, 1898. Died in D. C, Jan. 
 29, 1907. Served at Washington Arsenal till May, 1862, then with Army 
 of Potomac in the field till Nov., 1S62, and was then detailed for duty in 
 the oflBce of the Medical Director, Department of Washington, where he 
 remained till the close of the Civil War. In November, 1867, was ordered 
 to Texas, and served there at various places till June, 1870, when he was 
 transferred to Baton Rouge, La.; remained there till May, 1873 ; then to 
 Forts Buford and Lincoln, Dakota, till June, 1S77, serving with Gen. 
 Terry in October and November, 1876, in an Indian campaign ; then to 
 Forts Schuyler and Wadsworth, N. Y. Harbor, till June, 18S1 ; then at 
 Forts Hays and Leavenworth, Kansas, till November, 1886; then to David's 
 Island and Fort Columbus, N. Y. Harbor, as Acting Med. Director, Dept. 
 of the East. To the Pacific coast in 1S92, Med. Director and Chief Sur- 
 geon of the Department. After his retirement he resumed his residence 
 in Washington. See Brown's History, p. 295; Powell's History, p. 481. 
 
 PROBABLY BETWEEN JANUARY AND JULY, 1857 
 
 144. LEWIS ALLISON EDWARDS— [He attended a meeting June 
 4, 1857.] Born Sept. 29, 1823, D. C. A. B., 1842, Princeton ; M. D., 
 1S45, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 1846-61 ; Surgeon, 1861-76, 
 and Med. Director, U. S. A., 1876-7. Chief Medical Officer, Bureau of 
 Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands. Died Nov. 8, 1877, of pro- 
 gressive softening of the brain. Immediately after appointment as Assist- 
 ant Surgeon he joined the army of invasion and occupation, and served 
 with honor during the Mexican War. Was then stationed at Santa Fe, 
 N. M., till September, 1850; at Fort Washington, Md., till July, 1852 ; 
 and at Fort Towson, Ark., till May, 1854, when he was ordered to duty 
 in the Surgeon General's Office. He remained in Washington, attached 
 to the Bureau, and as Attending Surgeon for officers' families, until Aug- 
 ust, 1862, when he took charge of the General Hospital at Portsmouth 
 Grove, R. I. In December, 1863, he went to Wilmington, Del., as a 
 member of the Army Retiring Board; returned to the Portsmouth Grove 
 Hospital in May, 1864, and in December, 1864, to January, 1866, was 
 
 17
 
 258 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 again on the Retiring Board. Was next stationed at Baltimore. Md., as 
 medical oflScer of the recruiting station, till August, 1866, when he was 
 appointed chief medical officer of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and 
 Abandoned Lands. In March, 1869, became Medical Director, Depart- 
 ment of Louisiana, and in April, 1S70, Department of Texas. In Octo- 
 ber, 1872, transferred to Madison Barracks, New York, as Post Surgeon, 
 and in April, 1875, went on sick leave, which continued till his death. 
 Was appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel by brevet, to date from 
 March 13, 1865, for faithful and meritorious services during the Civil 
 War. See Brown's History, pp. 288, 293; Powell's History, p. 298; Trans. 
 A. M. A., 1879, XXX, p. 817. 
 
 PROBABLY JULY, ISol, TO JANUARY, 1858 
 
 145. JOHN C. GRAYSON— [Grayson attended the meeting, July 13, 
 1857.] Born in Kentucky. M. D., 1854, Med. Col. Va. Removed from 
 D. C. about 1863. Was at Stevensburgh, Va., 1890-7, and died there 
 about 1897. 
 
 146. CHARLES GIRARD— [Girard attended the meeting January 4, 
 1858.] Born March 9, 1822, Miilhousen, France. M. D., 1856, George- 
 town. Removed from D. C, i860. Died Jan. 29, 1895. Was educated 
 in Neuchatel, Switzerland, where he was the pupil and assistant of 
 Agassiz. Came with Agassiz to the United States, in 1847, remaining 
 with him until 1850. Then removed to Washington, D. C, and became 
 attached to the Smithsonian Institution. In 1852 was naturalized as an 
 American citizen. After graduating in medicine remained in Smithso- 
 nian Institution until 1859, and for some time was engaged with Prof. 
 Spencer F. Baird, in the investigation of reptiles. His many publications 
 were on Natural History ; and in connection with collaborative work 
 with Prof. Baird, of the Smithsonian, and the outcome of several ex- 
 ploring expeditions. See Drake's Biog., 1872, p. 363 ; Bull. No. 41, 
 1891, U. S. National Museum; Appletons's Biog., 1887, II, p. 659. 
 
 ABOUT JANUARY 30, 1858 
 
 147. WILLIAM ALFRED BRADLEY— Born Aug. 3, 1831, D. C. 
 M. D., 1854, Columbian. Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 1861-9. Died Feb. 27, 
 1869, at Point San Jos^, Cal. Was with the Army of the Potomac to 
 December, 1862 ; on hospital duty, Washington, to February, 1864 ; in 
 office of Medical Director, Department of Washington, to June, 1869; 
 at Point San Jose, Cal., until his death. See Minutes Med. Society, 
 March 3, 1869; Brown's History, p. 295; Powell's History, p. 207; Trans. 
 A. M. A., 1870, XXI, p. 494. 
 
 [Bradley, Culver, Hellen, Keasbey, Newman and Storrow attended the 
 meeting Jan. 30, 1858. Taylor must have been certified after January iSth, 
 and Butt and Maury after Jan. 27, 1858.]
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 259 
 
 148. FREDERICK BURR CULVER— Born 1809, Frederick, Ohio. 
 M. D., 1857, Louisville Med. College. Dropped from membership, 1878. 
 Died in D. C, June 12, 1879. Sometime Physician to an Indian Agency. 
 
 149. BENJAMIN JOHNSON HELLEN— Born March 20, 1830, D. C. 
 A. B., 1850; A. M., 1854; M. D., 1854, Columbian. Died of tuberculosis, 
 July 2, 1864. Soon after graduation in medicine he became Resident 
 Physician at Washington Infirmary. Several years afterwards was Phy- 
 sician to Providence Hospital. Descendant from the Johnson family of 
 Maryland. See Trans. A. M. A., 1872, XXIII, p. 575; Minutes Med. So- 
 ciety, July 4, 1864. 
 
 150. JOHN BRICK KEASBEY— Born August 5, 1833, Salem, N. J. 
 M. D., 1854, Univ. Penna. Surgeon, 2d D. C, Vols. Removed from D. 
 C, 1871, to Woodbury, N. J., where he died Aug. 25, 1886. 
 
 151. WILLIAM GEORGE HENRY NEWMAN— Bom March 17, 
 1827, Princess Anne, Md. M. D., 1849, Univ. Md. Father of Dr. H. 
 M. Newman, infra. Died Nov. 6, 1883. Descended from an old Mary- 
 land family that emigrated from England and settled in the State as 
 early as 1650. Educated at Washington College, Baltimore, and Jefifer- 
 son College, Washington Co., Pa. Read medicine with Prof. N. R. 
 Smith, of Baltimore. Practiced for some years in Georgetown, then re- 
 turned to Washington. Was at one time a member of the city Council ; 
 at the time of his death the Physician-in-Chief to St. Ann's Infant Asy- 
 lum. For many years one of the Surgeons to the D. C. police ; for some 
 years one of the staff of Providence Hospital ; member of the old Board 
 of Health of the city ; for some years on the Board of Visitors to the 
 Washington Asylum ; member Med. Assn. D. C, and Amer. Med. Assn. 
 Married Mary Rider, of Somerset Co., Md. See Minutes Med. Society, 
 Nov. 7, 1883 ; Jour. A. M. A., 1883, I, p. 603. 
 
 152. vSAMUEL APPLETON STORROW— Born in Virginia. M. D., 
 1852, Jefferson. Asst. Surg, and Surg., U. S. A. Died July 12, 1879. 
 See Brown's History, p. 295; Powell's History, p. 612. 
 
 153. WILLIAM HENRY TAYLOR— Born Jan. 26, 1834, Pottsville, 
 Pa. M. D., 1856, Columbian. Sometime Demonstrator of Anatomy, Co- 
 lumbian. President Med. Assn., D. C. Died Sept. 5, 1889. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, vSept. 7, 1889. 
 
 154. WILLIAM BEALE BUTT— Born July 19, 1827, Mechanicsburg, 
 Md. M. D., 1850, Columbian. Died of paralysis, June 28, 1877. Son 
 of Richard and grandson of Proverb Butt, of Maryland. His mother was 
 Sarah Ann Richards, daughter of Samuel Richards, Sr., of Port Tobacco,
 
 260 MEDIC AI^ SOCIETY 
 
 Md. He attended the public schools, McLeod's School and Rittenhouse 
 Academy, Georgetown. Studied medicine with Dr. Thomas Miller, 
 supra. Resident Student, Washington Infirmar)'. Practiced medicine in 
 Washington. Member Amer. Med. Association. Married, May 8, 1862, 
 Margaret Elizabeth AUyn, daughter of Lucius May Allyn. See Trans. 
 A. M. A., 1880, XXXI, p. 1023. 
 
 155. THOMAS FOYLES MAURY— Born August 16, 1835, D. C. 
 M. D., 1856, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg, and Surgeon, ist Virginia Regt., 
 C. S. A. Died of pulmonary consumption, Sept. 19, 1871, at Mt. Holly 
 Springs, Pa. Studied medicine with Dr. J. F. May, supra. After grad- 
 uation, spent a year and a half at the hospitals of Paris and Vienna. 
 April 27, 1861, was appointed Asst. Surg., ist Virginia Regiment, with 
 the rank of Captain. Was engaged in the first battles of the war, near 
 Manassas, soon after which he was promoted to Surgeon and appointed 
 on the staff of General Longstreet, in which capacity he continued until 
 the surrender at Appomattox Court House, participating in nearly all the 
 battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. While on duty at Greenville, 
 Tenn., with General Longstreet's Corps, he sustained a comminuted 
 fracture of right femur, from which he never entirely recovered. He re- 
 turned to Washington after the close of the war, and resumed his prac- 
 tice, but his health failing, he visited Europe in 1869, to recuperate; after 
 an absence of six months, returned much improved, and continued his 
 practice until his death. Married in 1859. See Minutes Med. Society, 
 Sept. 20, 1S71; Trans. A. M. A., XXIII, 1872, p. 582. 
 
 AFTER FEBRUARY 6, 18SS 
 
 156. WILLIAM PROBY YOUNG, Jr.— [He attended the meeting 
 July 5, 1858.] Born Jan. 19, 1834, Portsmouth, Va. M. D., 1S55, Jeffer- 
 son. Asst. Surg, and Surgeon, 4th Georgia, C. S. A. Resigned from the 
 Society Jan. 20, 1881, retiring from practice. Educated at Rittenhouse 
 Academy and Columbian College. Was First Asst. Physician Govt. Hosp. 
 Insane, Oct., 1855, to March, 1858. Afterward practiced medicine in 
 Washington. In June, i860, as agent for the U. S. Government and 
 physician for the American Colonization Society, he sailed from Key 
 West with a cargo of Africans who had been captured from slave ships, 
 and delivered twentj' per cent, of them to the authorities in Cape Mount, 
 Liberia. He served in the Confederate army from 1861 until the sur- 
 render, in 1865, the command being in the field during the entire period 
 and participating in thirty-five battles. Was captured at the battle of 
 Sharpsburg, Md., Sept. 17, 1862, having been on the field all day attend- 
 ing the wounded of both armies. About a week after the fight Dr. John 
 H. Rauch, of General Fitz John Porter's staff, placed him in charge of
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 26 1 
 
 loo Confederate wounded in an Episcopal church in that town, and gave 
 him eight Union soldiers as nurses. He returned to Washington in 1865 
 and " dropped into trade." He was a Director of the Children's Hospi- 
 tal, and for fifteen years Secretary of the Board. Has been Secretar}' of 
 the Game and Fish Protective Association of the District since its forma- 
 tion, and is actively interested in preventing the pollution of the Potomac 
 River and its tributaries. At present is Secretary of Franklin Fire Insur- 
 ance Co., Washington. 
 
 AFTER APRIL "J, 1858 
 
 157. BENJAMIN RHETT— Born March 23, 1826, Charleston, S. C. 
 A. B., 1846, and M. D., 1848, College of Charleston. Surgeon, C. S. A. 
 Removed from D. C, about 1861, to Summerville, S. C, where he died 
 June 9, 1884. Entered the Medical Department, C. S. A., in the fall of 
 1861; served for a few weeks with Boyce's Battery; next as Surgeon to 
 the Marine Hospital, Charleston ; then as Surgeon in Battery Wagner, 
 during the siege, terminating in the night assault of the i8th of July. 
 Was Surgeon in Fort Sumter during the siege, under Cols. Rhett and 
 Elliott. Surgeon to the officers of the U. S. Army imprisoned in Charles- 
 ton, in the Roper and Marine Hospitals, workhouse, jail and O'Connor 
 house. Then served as Surgeon to a camp of 6,000 Andersonville prison- 
 ers. Towards the close of the war was Surgeon to the Arsenal, and upon 
 general duty. While stationed at Charleston, was member of Board of 
 Medical Examiners for sick and furloughed soldiers. He was in active 
 practice at the time of his death. 
 
 AFTER MAY 20, 18S8 
 
 loS. GEORGE McCOY— [He attended the meeting July 5, 185S.] 
 Born 1828, Dublin, Ireland. M. D., 1857, Georgetown. Acting Asst. 
 Surg., U. S. A. Died Oct. 8, 1880. See Minutes Med. Society, Oct. S, 
 1880. 
 
 FEBRUARY 5, 1859 
 
 159. THOMAS ANTISELL— Born Jan. 16, 1817, DubKn, Ireland. A. 
 B., Trinity College, Dublin; Ph. D., i88r, Georgetown; M. D., 1S39, 
 Royal College Surgeons, London, and Dublin Lying-in Hospital. Sur- 
 geon, U. S. Vols.; Med. Director, 12th Army Corps. Absent in Japan 
 from 1871 to 1876. Died, D. C, June 14, 1893. [Son of Christopher An- 
 tisell, of Kings County, Ireland, a distinguished barrister, and Queen's 
 Counsel — his ancestry going back to »Sir Bertine Entwyssel, who accom- 
 panied Henry II to Ireland — and Margaret Daly, daughter of Surgeon Daly, 
 of Dublin.] Educated at Trinity College, Dublin; studied medicine at 
 Dublin School of Medicine, Peter Street, and Irish Apothecary's Hall ; 
 pupil and afterwards assistant to Sir Robert Kane, from 1839 to 1843. In
 
 262 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 1844 pursued his chemical studies in Paris and Berlin, under Pelouze, 
 Biot, Dumas and Berzelius. Practiced medicine in Dublin from 1845 
 to 1848; Lecturer on Chemistry in "Original School of Medicine." 
 Extra professor to Royal Dublin Society, 1845-48. Member Royal Col- 
 lege of Surgeons, England, Royal Dublin Society and Geological Society 
 of Dublin. As one of the " Young Ireland Party," was sentenced to 
 exile and imprisonment, but a friend procuring for him a position as 
 Surgeon on an outgoing vessel, he sailed for America. Landed at New 
 York City, Nov. 22, 1848. Practiced medicine there until 1854, when he 
 became Geologist of the Pacific R. R. Survey on the thirty-second par- 
 allel, under Lieut, Parke, Topographical Engineer, U. S. A. Made a 
 geological reconnaissance of Southern California and Arizona Territory, 
 published in the seventh volume of U. S. Reports of Explorations and 
 Surveys, 1856. In 1848 was Professor of Chemistry in Berkshire Med. 
 College and in 1854 Professor of Chemistry at the medical colleges at 
 Woodstock, Vt., and Pittsfield, Mass. From June i, 1856, to Sept. 30, 
 186 1, was Examiner in Chemistry in U. S. Patent OflSce. He then resigned, 
 to enter the army. During the war, 1861-5, was Brigade Surgeon; Sur- 
 geon, U. S. Volunteers; Med. Director, 12th Army Corps ; Surgeon in 
 charge Harewood Hospital, Washington, D. C. ; Surgeon in charge of 
 sick and wounded officers in Washington, D. C; President of Board of 
 Examiners for Surgeons and Assistant Surgeons of Volunteers. Brevetted 
 Lieut. Colonel for faithful and meritorious services during the war ; and 
 mustered out of service in October, 1865. From 1866 to 1871, was Chief 
 Chemist in U. S. Bureau of Agriculture. In 1869-70, Professor of Chem- 
 istry, Maryland Agricultural College. In 1871, at the invitation of the 
 Japanese Government, he became technologist of a government commis- 
 sion to develop the resources of the northern islands of that empire. 
 Returned to the United States in 1876. While in Japan he was offered 
 the position of President of the College of Cairo, Egypt, which he de- 
 clined. In appreciation of his valuable services to Japan, he was deco- 
 rated by the Emperor with the "Order of the Rising Sun of Meijii." 
 While on the ocean en route to Japan the opportunity offered to become 
 President of the College, Lancaster, Pa., which he appreciated and would 
 have accepted, but had already contracted with the Japanese Government 
 for five years. May 10, 1877, he was again appointed Examiner in the 
 U. S. Patent Office and held the position until July, 1890, when, his health 
 failing, he was reduced to a first-class clerkship, and finally removed, 
 Sept. 30, 1891. From 1855 to 1893, excepting the interval of army ser- 
 vice and while in Japan, he lived in Washington. All his life he was a 
 medical teacher, his specialty being analytical and technical chemistry. 
 Member Med. Association, D. C; Philosophical Society of Washington; 
 corresponding member Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and 
 Geographical Society, New York City; Fellow American Assn. Advance.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 263 
 
 Science. Except at intervals, was connected with Georgetown Med. 
 College for many years; Prof. Chemistry and Toxicology, Military Sur- 
 gery, and Physiology and Hygiene. The sanitary investigation of the 
 National Hotel and the ventilation of the Capitol were public interests 
 that were benefited by his scientific knowledge. He was one of the 
 founders of the Training School for Nurses, and the first President of that 
 school. Author of Suggestions towards improvement of sanitary condi- 
 tion of the metropolis, Dublin, 1847 ; The manufacture of photogenic or 
 hydrocarbon oils, N. Y., 1859. Married twice: Eliza Anne Nowlan, of 
 Dublin, in 1841; Marion Stuart Forsyth, of Detroit, daughter of Paymas- 
 ter Forsyth, U. S. A., in 1854. See Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 
 16; Minutes Med. Society, June 15, 1893; Bull. Philos. Soc, Washing- 
 ton, XIII, 1896, pp. 367-434; Year Book Department of Agriculture, 
 1899, p. 238; Annual Report Smithsonian Institution, 1904, pp. 453 and 
 690; Jour. A. M. A., 1893, XXI, p. 93; Georgetown University, II, p. 80. 
 
 JULY 4. 1859 
 
 160. JOHN Iv. GIBBONS— Born, Jefferson Co., Va., between 1790 
 and 1800. M. D., 1841, Washington University, Baltimore, Md. Licen- 
 tiate M. C. F., Maryland. Practiced at Pikesville, Md., many years, 
 then in Baltimore a short time, then in Washington, D. C. Left Wash- 
 ington in 1862. W^as delegate to Amer. Med. Assn. in 1847. Was also a 
 minister in the M. E. Church. Died about 1870 (?). See Cordell's Med. 
 Annals Maryland, 1903, p. 408. 
 
 JULY 12, 1859 
 
 161. WEBSTER LINDSLY— Born Oct. 6, 1835, D. C. Son of Dr. 
 Harvey Lindsly, supra. M. D., 1857, Harvard. Asst. Surg., U. S. A. 
 Died Aug. 8, 1866. His mother was Emeline Webster Lindsly. He 
 studied medicine with his father. After graduation he spent two years 
 in study in Europe. Practiced some time in Washington. In August, 
 1859, took back to Africa a shipload of Africans captured from slavers. 
 See Brown's History, p. 295 ; Minutes Med. Society, Aug. 8, 1866. 
 
 162. REUBEN CLEARY— Born April 27, 1835, Alexandria, D. C. 
 M. D., 1859; A. M., i860, Georgetown. Asst. Adjt. General, C. S. A. 
 Soon after the close of the war of 186 1-5 he removed to Brazil, where he 
 was employed as civil engineer building a railroad ; afterward practiced 
 medicine at Lages and Rio Janeiro. About 1890 was appointed Sanitary 
 Inspector in U. S. Marine Hospital Service at Rio Janeiro and held this 
 position until his death, Feb. 12, 1898. Married March 12, 1870, Wilhel- 
 mina Schmitt.
 
 264 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 163. FRANCIS W. MEAD— Bom Sept. 23, 1838, N. Y. City. M. D., 
 1858, Georgetown. Surg., 2d D. C. Vols.; Surg., U. S. M. H. S. Dropped 
 from membership, 1S73. 
 
 AFTER APRIL 3, I860 
 
 164. JOHN W. DAVIvS— Born Aug. 8, 1825, Lenoir Co., N. C. M. D., 
 1847, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg., 6th and 24th Indiana, and First Lieut., 
 20th Ind. Vols. After graduation practiced a short time at Seven Springs, 
 Wayne Co., N. C, then removed to Goldsboro. Was in D. C. in i860, 
 but remained only a short time. Returned to North Carolina, locating 
 again at Goldsboro, where he died Jan. 23, 1869. 
 
 165. RICHARD C. CROGGON— [Croggon attended the meetings. 
 May 9 and July i, i860.] Born July 15, 1839, Charles Co., Md. M. D., 
 i860, Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died Sept. 23, 1872. 
 Came to Washington at an early age ; was sometime clerk in drug store. 
 Studied medicine with Dr. Joseph Borrows, supra. Practiced in Wash- 
 ington. During the Civil War served as Acting Asst. Surgeon in military 
 hospitals, Washington. See Minutes Med. Society, Sept. 24, 1872; Trans. 
 A. M. A., 1873, XXIV, p. 340. 
 
 166. PHILIP CHAPMAN DAVIS— Born in Virginia. M. D., 1856, 
 Columbian. Asst. Surg, and Surg., U. S. A. Died Oct. 2, 1871, at Ft. 
 Benton, Montana. See Brown's History, pp. 289, 295; Powell's History, 
 P- 275- 
 
 AFTER MAY 16. I860 
 
 167. FRANCIS C. CHRISTIE— Born in New York. M. D., 1859, 
 Georgetown. Died between i860 and 1870. [Christie attended the meet- 
 ing Aug. 6, 1S60.] 
 
 [Since July i, i860, the Society has required that an applicant for 
 membership should make formal application and be regularly elected.] 
 
 JANUARY 5, 1861 
 
 168. JOHN GEORGE FREDERICK HOLSTON— Born, 1809, Ham- 
 burg, Germany. A. M., Washington and Jefferson College, Pa.; M. D., 
 1846, Cleveland. Surgeon, U. S. Vols.;. Actg. Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died of 
 paralysis. May i, 1874. His father and grandfather were physicians; the 
 son came to America at an early age; landed at New Orleans, La.; was 
 among the planters about a year. Then visited the East Indies, China, 
 and other countries. Returning, he landed at Philadelphia during the 
 cholera epidemic, and served as nurse in hospital. Finalh' became a 
 student at the Washington and Jefferson College. After graduation in
 
 67
 
 68
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 265 
 
 medicine he practiced in Ohio until he removed to Washington. In 1857 
 became Prof. Surgery, Columbian Med. College. In the war, 1861-5, he 
 served in the U. S. Vols.; was sometime Medical Director on the staff of 
 Gen. U. S. Grant. At the close of the war he returned to Zanesville, 
 Ohio ; afterwards returned to Washington and became Prof. Anatomy, 
 Georgetown Med. College, 1870-2 ; in the latter year was paralyzed. He 
 left a son of the same name, practicing at Zanesville. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, May 2, 1874; Trans. A. M. A., 1875, XXVI, p. 454. 
 
 JANUARY "3, 1861 
 
 169. HOAR BROWSE TRIST— Born Feb. 20, 1832, D. C. M. D., 
 1857, Jefferson. Asst. Surg., U. S. N.; Brigade Surg., C. S. A. Removed 
 to Baltimore, Md. Died April 5, 1896, in Washington. [Son of Hon. 
 N. P. Trist and Virginia Randolph Trist ; she was a granddaughter of 
 Thomas Jefferson.] Educated in Europe. After serving in the Navy he 
 settled in Washington until the outbreak of the Civil War. In 1874-5 
 was Prof. Anatomy, Washington Med. College, Baltimore. Member 
 Amer. Med. Association, and Pathological Society, of Baltimore. Mar- 
 ried, 1861, the daughter of Dr. W. R. Waring, of Savannah, Ga. See 
 Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 421. 
 
 ABOUT JULY, 1802 
 
 170. JOHN W. D. STETTINIUS— Born, 1826, D. C. M. D., 1848, 
 Columbian. Died July 20, 1S63. [Stettinius appears to have joined 
 about the date named; he attended a meeting Aug. 20, 1862.] 
 
 FEBRUARY 1, 1864 
 
 171. FRANCIS P. RICHARDS— Born in Virginia. M. D., 1863, 
 Georgetown. Son of Dr. John Richards, supra. Said to have died in 
 Washington; apparently before 1867. 
 
 172. ANDREW JACKSON BORLAND— Born Nov. 19, 1825, York, 
 Pa. M. D., 1861, Columbian. Dropped from membership, 1877, Died 
 Dec. 5, 1880. 
 
 173. HENRY HARRISON LOWRIE— Born July 9, 1841, Newport, 
 Ky. M. D., 1863, Georgetown. Removed, 1874, to Plainfield, N. J. 
 
 174. HENRY ELISHA WOODBURY— Born Jan. i, 1827, Barrington, 
 N. H. M. D., 1863, Georgetown. Acting Asst. vSurg., U. S. A., 1864-5. 
 Dropped from membership, 1877. Died in Washington, Jan. 15, 1905, of 
 chronic bronchitis. Came of Revolutionary stock. Educated at Dart-
 
 266 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 mouth College. For some years was employed in the Treasury Dept., 
 Washington. Practiced medicine in Washington, 1865 to 1882, in which 
 year he had a severe accident, from which he never fully recovered. 
 
 175. JOSIAH ADAMS CHAMBERLIN— Born March, 1833, Acton, 
 Mass. M. D., 1863, Georgetown. Father of Dr. F. T. Chamberlin, 
 infra. Surgeon of the Treasury Guard and Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. 
 Died Sept. 27, 1868, Manchester, N. H. His mother was Abigail Adams. 
 He was educated at New Ipswich, N. H., and Appleton Academy. At 
 first practiced dentistry in Manchester; then removed to Washington 
 and graduated in medicine. Soon afterward returned to Manchester. 
 Married, Aug. 13, 1862, Georgette, daughter of Franklin Tenney, of Man- 
 chester; she was a descendant of Dr. Isaac Watts. 
 
 176. GEORGE PHILIP FENWICK— Born April 26, 1838, D. C. 
 M. D.. 1859, Columbian, Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died June 14, 
 1905. Grandson of Philip, son of John Fenwick, of southern Maryland. 
 Educated at Gonzaga College, Washington. Was sometime connected 
 with the Washington Infirmary ; served for some months in Armory 
 Square INIilitary Hospital, Washington. Practiced in south Washington; 
 served on Board of Health, 1861-1871; member Med. Association, D. C; 
 Wash. Obstet. and Gynecol. Society. In 1866, married Miss Mary Agnes 
 Stewart, of Washington. See Minutes Med. Society, July 3, 1905; Wash. 
 Med. Annals, September, 1905, p. 264. 
 
 177. WARWICK EVANS— Born Sept. 15, 1828, Portsmouth, N. H. 
 M. D., 1852, Georgetown. Was sometime Demonstrator of Anatomy, 
 afterwards Prof. Anatomy at Georgetown Med. College Practiced in 
 Washington. Hon. President Alumni Society, Georgetown Med. Col- 
 lege. 
 
 178. ARMISTEAD PETER— Born Feb. 22, 1840, Montgomery Co., 
 Md. M. D., 1861, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died of 
 angina pectoris, Jan. 28, 1902. His ancestors were owners of much real 
 estate in Georgetown, Md. Son of Major George Peter, U. S. Army, 
 and member of Congress from Maryland. Educated by private tutor and 
 at Carnahan's Academy. Studied medicine with Dr. Joshua Riley, supra; 
 after graduation, practiced in Georgetown. Had a defect in his speech 
 and hearing. During the Civil War he served in the Seminary (military) 
 Hospital, Georgetown. For many years was a member of Board of 
 Health, Georgetown; Physician to Smallpox Hospital in 1866. In 1861, 
 married Miss Martha C. Kennon, daughter of Commodore Beverly Ken- 
 non. See Minutes Med. Society, January 29 and Feb. 5 and 18, 1902; 
 Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 430; Wash. Med. Annals, March 
 1902, p. 68.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 267 
 
 179. CHARLES MASON FORD— Born May 15, 1840, near Troy, N. 
 Y. M. D., 1861, Univ. Penna. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., and Acting 
 Asst. Surg., U. S. N. Died Feb. 15, 1884, of rheumatic fever. Studied 
 medicine with Dr. Alfred Watkins, of Troy. After graduation he served 
 nine months in the Navy; was on the "Huntsville," one of the blockading 
 fleet. Soon after resigning he came to Washington, and served in Cliff- 
 bourne Hospital and at the old Capitol prison. Afterwards practiced 
 medicine in Washington ; for several years was Visiting Physician to 
 Washington Asylum Hospital ; was on the staff of Providence Hospital 
 and Surgeon to B. and O. R. R. and Wash, and Fredericksburg R. R. 
 See Minutes Med. Society, Feb. 16, 1884; Maryland Med. Jour., 1883-4, 
 X, pp. 763 and 835; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 191. 
 
 MARCH 7, 1864 
 
 ISO. JOSEPH THEOPHILUS HOWARD— Born July 7, 1832, D. C. 
 M. D., 1859, Georgetown. Father of Dr. J. T. D. Howard, infra, and 
 Dr. Arcturus L. Howard. Educated in Henshaw's School and at Rezin 
 Beck's Academy. Studied medicine with Dr. Eliot Craig. Since gradu- 
 ation has practiced in Washington. In 1S61 was Physician to the Poor. 
 Member Med. Association, D. C, and Amer. Med. Association. Married 
 Miss Elizabeth M. Davidson, of Salem, N. J, 
 
 181. CHARLES ALLEN— Born July 6, 1836, Portsmouth, Va. M. D., 
 1861, Georgetown. Dropped from membership, 1877. Died of paraly- 
 sis, Dec. 24, 1908, in Washington, D. C. Came to Washington in 1853 ; 
 was sometime clerk at U. S. Arsenal. After graduation in medicine 
 practiced in Washington. Was sometime Ward Physician and also con- 
 ducted a drug store. Compiled a hymn book for use in Baptist Church. 
 Married. 
 
 182. JAMES EWINGS DEXTER— Born, 1822, Groton, N. Y. M. D., 
 1861, Univ. City of New York. Principal of Collegiate Institute, Roch- 
 ester, N. Y. Surgeon, 40th N. Y. Vols.; Med. Inspector, 3d Army Corps. 
 Secretary Board of Health, Washington, 1869; Commissioner to Phila- 
 delphia Exposition, 1876. Acting Asst. Surg,, U. S. A. Dropped from 
 membership, 1877. Died June 17, 1902. 
 
 APRIL 5, 1864 
 
 183. GEORGE N. HOPKINS— Born in D. C. M. D., 1863, Colum- 
 bian. Dropped from membership, 1873. Sometime druggist in Wash- 
 ington.
 
 268 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 184. ADOLPHUS PATZE— Born April 4, 1804, Stettin, Prussia. M. 
 D., 1838, Univ. Berlin. Surgeon, 4th Pennsylvania Reserves. Removed 
 to Soldiers' Home, Hampton, Va., where he died Oct. 24, 1886. Author 
 of Ueber Bordelle, etc., Leipzig, 1845; translated : The moral depravity of 
 mankind, 1873. See Busey's Reminiscences, p. 159. 
 
 185. WILLIAM HERBERT COMBS— Born Aug. 4, 1841, D. C. M. 
 D., 1862, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died May 16, 1873. 
 See Minutes Med. Society, May 17, 1873. 
 
 [Leonard Baum paid $5 April 16, 1864, and there is no record on the 
 
 Treasurer's books of its having been returned to him. But there is no 
 
 record of his nomination or election, nor even of his being granted a 
 
 license.] 
 
 JULY 4, 1864 
 
 186. THOMAS CROGGON SMITH— Born Aug. 16, 1842, D. C. M. 
 D., 1S64, Georgetown. Educated in public schools and Gonzaga College, 
 Washington. Since graduation in medicine has practiced in Washing- 
 ton. Corresponding Secretary of Med. Societj' over twenty years ; 
 President Obstet. and Gynecolog. Society, 1S97-9 ; Consulting Obstet- 
 rician, Freedmen's Hospital. A son, Dr. Hugh M. Smith, is Deputy 
 Commissioner Bureau of Fisheries. See Lamb's History, p. 134. 
 
 187. JOSEPH FORD THOMPSON— Brother of Dr. Benedict Thomp- 
 son, in/ra. Born March 20, 1837, St. Mary's Co., Md. M. D., 1857, 
 Univ. Maryland. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. President, 1881-2, Med. 
 Assn., D. C. Son of Charles and Ann Eliza Yates Thompson; of Scotch- 
 Irish descent. Educated in public and private schools in St. INIarys 
 Co., and Rittenhouse Academy, Washington. After graduation in med- 
 icine he began practice in Washington in partnership with Dr. M. V. B. 
 Bogan, supra. During the Civil War, served in the military hos- 
 pitals of Washington. Was Prof. Anatomy, Columbian Med. College; 
 afterwards Prof. Surgery, serving in the latter chair over twenty years. 
 Surgeon to Providence Hospital, Emergency Hospital, Columbia Hospi- 
 tal for Women, Children's Hospital, George Washington Univ. Hospital 
 and Garfield Memorial Hospital. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Amer. 
 Med. Assn.; Amer. Surg. Assn. Retired from practice in 1907. In i860, 
 married Marion Virginia Grieves, of Washington. See Univ. Maryland, 
 1907, II, p. 327; Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 671. 
 
 188. LOUIS WARFIELD RITCHIE— Son of Dr. Joshua A. Ritchie, 
 supra. Born March 4, 1843, D. C. Studied medicine with his father. 
 M. D., 1S63, Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A.; served at An- 
 tietam. Attending Physician at Fort Myer, Va. Dropped from mem- 
 bership, 1879. Died of Bright's disease, Sept. 9, 1901.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 269 
 
 1K9. SETH JEWETT TODD— Born Aug. 3, 1842, D. C. M. D., 1862, 
 Columbian. [His name does not appear in the Columbian Catalogue.] 
 Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died March 13, 1874. His father was a 
 prominent citizen of Washington ; his wife was a daughter of Dr. 
 George M. Dove, supra. Studied medicine with Dr. J. J. Waring, supra, 
 and spent some time in the hospitals of Philadelphia and Paris before 
 graduation. Was sometime a member of the Auxiliary Faculty of Co- 
 lumbian Med. College; member and Secretary Clinico-Pathological Soci- 
 ety of Washington. His health failed and he retired from practice ; 
 became Secretar)' of Arlington Fire Insurance Co. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, March 14, 1874; Trans. A. M. A., 1874, XXV, p. 525. 
 
 190. ALBERT FREEMAN AFRICANUS KING— Born Jan. 18, 1841, 
 at Hamlet of Blackthorn, Oxfordshire, England. M. D., 1861, Colum- 
 bian; 1865, Univ. Penna.; A. M., 1883; LL. D., 1904, Univ. Vt. Acting 
 Asst. Surg., U. S. A. ; President Med. Assn., D. C, 1903-4. Son of Ed- 
 ward and Louisa Freeman King. Educated at Maley's school and the 
 Bicester Diocesan school in England. Served for three months in 1864 as 
 Acting Asst. Surgeon. Prof. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and 
 Children, Med. Dept., Columbian Univ., for 37 years; holds the same 
 chair in the Univ. of Vt. ; President Washington Obstet. and Gynecol. 
 Soc, 1885-7; Fellow British Gynecol, and Amer. Gynecol. Socs.; Con- 
 sulting Physician Children's Hospital, Washington; Obstetrician, Co- 
 lumbian Univ. Hospital ; member Wash. Acad. Sciences ; Fellow A. A. 
 A. S. ; Associate Member Philosoph. Soc. of Great Britain ; member 
 Med., Philosoph., Anthropol. and Biol. Societies of Washington, etc. 
 Author of a manual of obstetrics, twelve editions ; Ligation and manage- 
 ment of the umbilical cord, Washington, 1867. Married, Oct. 17, 1894, 
 Ellen Amory Dexter, of Boston, Mass. See Who's Who in America; 
 Amer. Men of Science, 1906; Amer. Biog. Director}', Washington, 1908. 
 
 191. JOHN S. CHAPMAN— Born, 1826, in Maryland. M. D., 1847, 
 Univ. Maryland. Licentiate M. C. F., Maryland. Resided in Baltimore, 
 then removed to Washington. Died July 15, 1871, Plainfield, N. J. See 
 Cordell's Med. Annals, Maryland, 1903, p. 347. 
 
 192. SAMUEL WILLIAM BOGAN— Born Oct. 15, 1840, D. C. M. D., 
 i860, Columbian. Brother of Dr. M. V. B. Bogan, supra. Father of Dr. 
 Fred M. Bogan, U. S. Navy. Dropped from membership, 1881. 
 
 OCTOBER 3, 1864 
 
 193. JOSEPH WELLS HERBERT— Born Oct. 3, 1837, St. Marys 
 Co., Md. M. D., 1859, Georgetown. Died Oct. 21, 1903. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, Oct. 21 and Nov. 4, 1903; Wash. Med. Annals, November, 
 1903. P- 352.
 
 270 MEDIC AI. SOCIETY 
 
 104. GEORGE SYLVESTER— Born in D. C. M. D., 1863, George- 
 town, Served as Contract Surgeon, U. S. A., at Gettysburg, Pa. Kept a 
 drug store many years. Dropped from membership, 1872. Died about 
 1879. 
 
 195. RALPH WALSH— Born Nov. 4, 1841, Harford Co., Md. M. D., 
 1863, Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Father of Dr. F. C. 
 Walsh, infra. Co-editor, afterwards editor of Walsh's Retrospect, 
 1880-2. Son of John C. and Sarah A. Lee Walsh, of Irish-American 
 descent. Educated in private and academic schools in Maryland and 
 Pennsylvania. Was on duty as Medical Officer at Gettysburg after the 
 battle; returned to Washington and served in military hospitals here, 
 especially the Carver and Armory Square. Was. Prof. Physiology, in 
 1873, Georgetown Med. College. Retired from practice in 1901 and be- 
 came President of National Vaccine and Antitoxin Company. Married 
 Jeanie Patterson, of Mississippi. Dr. Walsh says : " I may mention that 
 during this period [1865] I was also placed in immediate charge of the 
 Army Medical Museum, then located on H Street, between Thirteenth 
 and Fourteenth. Said Museum, when I assumed charge, consisted of 
 two large rooms filled with empty cases, a back building in which was 
 stored a number of dry and moist specimens in barrels and alcohol, to be 
 mounted by Mr. Schafhirt, who was employed for that purpose. There 
 was also a mass of written histories, numbered to correspond with the 
 specimens. Under my supervision the specimens were mounted, num- 
 bered and placed in the cases, and the histories condensed and recorded. 
 In other words, I think I can make a just claim, though I have never 
 heretofore done so, to have started the Army Medical Museum. I men- 
 tion as a possibly interesting fact, that most of the alcohol used for the 
 preservation of the moist specimens was procured by distillation of con- 
 traband liquors seized on the Long Bridge. These liquors ran from beer 
 and blackberry wine to straight alcohol, and were packed in many pecu- 
 liar vessels. Frequently women were arrested with belts under their 
 skirts, to which were attached tin sectional cans holding from a quart to 
 a gallon, and, in a number of cases, false breasts, each holding a quart 
 or more." See Georgetown University, II, p. 83. 
 
 196. WILLIAM ELDER ROBERTS— Son of Dr. J. M. Roberts, supra. 
 Born Aug. 9, 1839, D. C. M. D., 1864, Bellevue. Acting Asst. Surg., 
 U. S. A. Served at Lincoln Hospital, Washington. Did an enterorrhaphy, 
 Jul}', 1865, thirteen days after incised wound of colon; patient died one 
 week afterwards. Married Rebecca Worthington Naylor, daughter of 
 Col. Naylor. Served on staff of Providence Hospital, D. C, many years. 
 Died April 13, 1892. See Minutes Med. Society, April 15, 1892.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 27 1 
 
 NOVEMBER 15, 1864 
 
 197. GEORGE L. RICE— Born May 8, 1838, North Adams, Mass. 
 M. D., 1863, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Removed to 
 Framingham, Mass., about 1874; afterwards to North Adams. Member 
 of Cassius M. Clay's Battalion from the inauguration of Lincoln until the 
 arrival of troops, about April 20, 1861 ; guarded the President, Navy Yard, 
 Long Bridge, etc. Med. Cadet, U. S. A., April to October, 1863; after- 
 ward 1st Asst. Surg., 2d Tenn. Heavy Artillery, at Columbus, Ky., till 
 May, 1864. Acting Asst. Surg., 1865, Savannah, Ga. 
 
 198. CHARLES A. RAHTER— Born Aug. 8, 1839, near Minden, 
 Westphalia, Prussia, M. D., 1S64, Long Island College Hospital. Acting 
 Asst. Surg., U. S. A., and Staff Surg., Franco-Prussian War. Removed 
 to Harrisburg, Pa., about June, 1865, and is still practicing there. Pres- 
 ident, 1876, Dauphin Co. Med. Soc, Penna. Educated at public schools 
 and Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg. After graduation in medicine 
 served in the Civil War till June, 1865; served also during the Franco- 
 Prussian War, 1 870-1, in the military hospital at Coblentz, and the barrack 
 hospital at St. Johann-Saarbruecken. In 1873, received from the Ger- 
 man Emperor a medal for service. Member Penna. State Med. Society. 
 For five years was Examining Surgeon of Pensions. Married, Nov. ir, 
 1875, Mary R., daughter of P. B. Keffer, Esq., of Harrisburg. See At- 
 kinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 348; Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 668; Wat- 
 son's P. and S., 1896, p. 658. 
 
 DECEHBER 12, 1864 
 
 199. JOHN WELLS BULKLEY— Born Dec. 12, 1824, Williamstown, 
 Mass. M. D., 1844, Berkshire. President, 1887-8, Med. Assn., D. C. 
 
 200. DANIEL WEBSTER PRENTISS— Born May 21, 1843, I>- C. 
 B. Ph., 1861; A. M., 1864, Columbian; M. D., 1864, Univ. Penna.; Acting 
 Asst. Surg., U. S. A. President, 1899-1900, Med. Assn., D. C. Father 
 of Drs. D. W. and E. C. Prentiss, infra. Died Nov. 10, 1899. Son of 
 Wm. Henry Prentiss and Sarah Cooper (daughter of Isaac Cooper) Pren- 
 tiss, of Washington ; grandson of Caleb Prentiss, of Cambridge, Mass. 
 Educated at public schools and Columbian College. After graduation in 
 medicine practiced in Washington. Prof. Materia Med. and Therapeu- 
 tics, 1879-1899, Columbian Med. School; member Med. Assn., D. C; 
 Wash. Obstet. and Gynecol. Society; Philosophical, Biological and An- 
 thropological Societies of Washington; Amer. Med. Association; Amer. 
 Assn. Adv. Sci. ; Assn. Amer. Physicians; delegate to International Med. 
 Congress, 1884, at Copenhagen, and, 1890, at Berlin. Delivered many 
 lectures under various auspices, more especially of the U. S. National
 
 272 MEDXCAI, SOCIETY 
 
 Museum. Member Board of Health of Washington, 1864; Lecturer on 
 Dietetics, etc.. Nurse's Training School, Dean of Faculty, 1878-1883 ; 
 Trustee, 1880-4; President of the Board, 1884. Physician, Eye and Ear 
 Service, Columbia Dispensary, 1874-8; Visiting Physician, Providence 
 Hospital, 1882; Commissioner of Pharmacy, D. C, President from 1888. 
 Married Emilie A. Schmidt, Oct. 12, 1864, daughter of Frederick 
 Schmidt, of Rhenish Bavaria. Author of Clinical history of croupous 
 pneumonia, Washington, 1879; Revision of U. S. Pharmacopoeia, Wash- 
 ington, 1880; Coues and Prentiss, Avifauna, Washington, 1883. See 
 Minutes Med. Society, Nov. 22, 1899; Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, 
 p. 305 ; Trans. Med. Society, 1899, IV, p. 185; Nat. Med. Review, 1899- 
 
 1900, IX, p. 542; Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 412. 
 
 201. JAMES THOMAS YOUNG— Born June 2, 1839, D. C. M. D., 
 1864, Bellevue. President, 1889-90, Med. Assn., D. C. Died July 3, 
 
 1901. After graduation in medicine served as Interne for two years at 
 Bellevue Hospital, N. Y., then returned to Washington and practiced. 
 One of the founders of Clinico-Pathological Society; Lecturer, 1888, on 
 Diseases of Heart and Lungs, Columbian Med. School. Sometime At- 
 tending Physician Providence Hospital and Columbia Hosp. for Women. 
 In 1870, married Miss Helen Miller, at Constableville, Lewis Co., N. Y. 
 See Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 2, 1901; Trans. Med. Soc, 1901, VI, 
 p. 228. 
 
 202. HORACE PECHIN MIDDLETON— Born Nov. i, 1839, D. C. 
 M. D., 1863, Univ. Penna. Died of organic heart disease, Oct. 27, 1867. 
 Son of Daniel Wesley Middleton, Clerk of U. S. Supreme Court, and 
 Henrietta, daughter of Col. Wm. Pechin, of Baltimore, Md. Educated 
 at Columbian College. Studied medicine with Dr. J. J. Waring, stipra. 
 Sometime Resident Physician Episcopal Hospital, Philadelphia ; after- 
 ward practiced in Washington. One of the founders of Clinico-Patho- 
 logical Society, Washington. Lecturer on Diseases of Children, Colum- 
 bian Med. School. Member Med. .Association, D. C. See Minutes Med, 
 Society, Oct. 29, 1867; Trans. A. M. A., XIX, 1868, p. 434. 
 
 JANUARY 23, 1865 
 
 203. PATRICK CROGHAN— Born in Ireland. M. D., 1859, Queen's 
 College, Cork. L. S. A., Ireland, and Lying-in Hospital, Dublin. Act- 
 ing Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died suddenly, March r?8, 1874. Sometime 
 Surgeon in English merchant service. Came to America in 1859. Dur- 
 ing the Civil War, 186 1-5, served first as enlisted man, afterwards as 
 medical officer. Practiced medicine in Washington. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, March 30, 1874; Trans. A. M. A., 1874, XXV, p. 526.
 
 69
 
 70
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 273 
 
 FEBRUARY 8, 186S 
 
 204. WILLIAM HARRISON TRIPLETT— Born Sept. 15, 1836, Mt. 
 Jackson, Va. M. D., 1859, Jefferson. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. 
 Died March 27, 1890, at Woodstock, Va. Author of Life, Washington, 
 1878; The laws and mechanics of circulation, etc., N. Y., 1885. Came 
 from a family of physicians. Paternally descended from Col. Triplett, 
 of Middleburg, Va., and of Revolutionary fame; maternally from Dr. J. 
 Irwin, a refugee of the Irish Rebellion of 1798. Grandson of Dr. W. H. 
 Triplett, of Front Royal, Va.; son of Dr. L. Triplett, of Mt. Jackson, Va.; 
 brother of Drs. J. J. and A. V. M. Triplett. After graduation in medi- 
 cine he practiced one year at Harrisonburg, Va. ; then at Woodstock, 
 Va., whence, in 1873, he removed to Washington. His specialty was 
 surgery. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Prof. Anatomy, 1875, Georgetown 
 Med. College. Married, June i, 1867, Kathleen McKay. See Atkinson's 
 Biog., 1878, p. 113; Minutes Med. Society, April 2, 1890. 
 
 APRIL 5, I8G0 
 
 205. JAMES PHILLIPS— Born in England. M. D., 1854, College of 
 Surgeons, London ; 1858, Univ. Mexico. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. N. 
 Dropped from membership, 1872. Removed to N. Y. City about 1874 ; 
 was there in 1906. 
 
 206. CHARLES McCORMACK— Born Feb. 19, 1841, D. C. M. D., 
 1861, Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died in Georgetown, 
 D. C, July 30, 1868, of tuberculosis. [Son of Wm. J. and Eveline B. 
 (Martin) McCormack, of Washington. He was for eighteen years Post- 
 master of the House of Representatives.] Educated at Washington 
 Seminary. In 1858 was Resident Student, Washington A.sylum. After 
 graduation in medicine practiced in Washington. During the Civil War, 
 1861-5, he served in the field and hospital as medical officer, and in 
 June, 1863, assisted Dr. Thos. Antisell, supra, as Attending Surgeon of 
 sick and wounded officers. At the close of the war resumed practice. 
 Sometime Physician to the Poor ; member Board of Health, Georgetown ; 
 member Med. Assn., D. C. Married, in February, 1866, Miss M. L., 
 daughter of James C. and Anna Balch Wilson, of Georgetown. See 
 Minutes Med. Society, Aug. i, 1868; Trans. A. M. A., XXI, 1870, p. 481, 
 
 APRIL 12, 1865 . 
 
 207. JOHN HARRY THOMPSON— Born about 1828, London, Eng- 
 land. M. D., 1858, College Phys. and Surg., N. Y. City. Surg., U. S. 
 Vols.; Surg., 139th N. Y. Vols. Father of Dr. J. H. Thompson, infra. 
 Surgeon in charge, Columbia Hospital, 1865 to 1878; Clinical Prof. Surg., 
 
 18
 
 274 MEDIC AI. SOCIETY 
 
 Dis. Women, and Physiology and Hygiene, Georgetown Med. College, 
 1869-73. Author of Report of Columbia Hospital for Women, etc., 
 Washington, 1873. Removed, 1878, to Rome, Italy, where he died. 
 
 MAY 3, 1865 
 
 208. WILLIAM LEE— Born March 12, 1841, Boston, Mass. M. D., 
 1863, Col. Phys. and Surg., N. Y., Acting Med. Cadet, U. S. A. Co-editor 
 National Med. Journal, 1871-2. Died March i, 1893. Son of Wm. 
 Barlow and Ann (Whitman) Lee ; descendant of John Lee, of Agawam 
 (Ipswich), Mass. (1634). Educated in Boston. In 1861, was Acting 
 Med. Cadet in military hospital, Washington; in 1862, Assistant at Govt. 
 Hosp. Insane, Washington ; 1863-5, Interne at Bellevue Hospital, N. Y. 
 Afterwards practiced in Washington. Member Clinico-Pathological So- 
 ciety; Amer. Med. Association, its Librarian for some years; Lecturer on 
 Microscopic Anatomy, 1865-7, Columbian Med. College, and Adjunct 
 Prof. Anatomy; Prof. Physiology, 1872-1893; member Board of Health, 
 Washington, 1S71; Visiting Physician for some years to Columbia Hos- 
 pital Dispensary ; Attending Physician, Central Dispensary and Emer- 
 gency Hospital. Married. Author of Report on the disposition of night 
 soil; etc., Washington, 1870 ; contributor to Billings' National Med. 
 Dictionary. See Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. iii; Minutes Med. Society, 
 March 3, 1893 ; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 200; Nat. Med. Review, 1893-4, 
 II, p. 20; Bull. Philosoph. Society, Washington, 1890, XIII, p. 405. 
 
 209. FRANCIS ST. CLAIR BARBARIN— Born Aug. 21, 1832, New- 
 port, R. I. M. D., 1856, Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S, A. 
 Dropped from membership, 1874. Died March 29, 1900. He was for 
 many years an officer of the Corcoran Art Gallery, Washington ; at the 
 time of his death was curator. 
 
 210. FLORENCE O'DONOGHUE— Born, 1832, D. C. M. D., 1855, 
 Univ. Maryland. Captain and Med. Storekeeper, U. S. A. Died June 
 29, 1882. See Brown's History, p. 298; Powell's History, p. 511. 
 
 MAY 17, 1863 
 
 211. BROWER GESNER— Born in New York. Attended, 1853-5, 
 but did not graduate, at Coll. P. and S., New York. Asst. Surg., 38th 
 New York, and Surg., loth New York Vols.; Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. 
 Not known what became of him after 1867. 
 
 JULY 5, 1865 
 
 212. BODISCO WILLIAMS— Born, 1840, D. C. M. D., 1863, Colum- 
 bian. Asst. Surg., C. S. A. Died Dec. 23, 1873. Educated in George- 
 town, D. C. Studied medicine with Dr. Joshua Riley, supra. After the
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 275 
 
 close of the Civil War, practiced in Georgetown. See Minutes Med. So- 
 ciety, Dec. 24, 1873; Trans. A. M. A., 1S74, XXV, p. 525. 
 
 AUGUST 16, 1865 
 
 213. SAMUEL SUPER BOND— Born July 18, 1834, Upper Darby, 
 Pa. Hospital Steward, U. S. A. M. D., 1865, Georgetown. Dropped 
 from membership, 1872; reelected the same year; dropped again in 1881. 
 Died July 4, 1899. 
 
 AUGUST 30, 1865 
 
 2U. JOHN M. DUNCAN FRANCE— Born, 1842, D. C. M. D., 1865, 
 Georgetown. Removed to St. Joseph, Mo., about 1874, and died there. 
 May 9, 1906. 
 
 215. RICHARD M. REYNOLDS— M. D., 1859, Philadelphia Coll. 
 Med. and Surg. Asst. Surg., 50th N. Y, Engineers. Removed to Kan- 
 sas; was at Motor in 1882, Alton in 1886, Laton in 1890-3. Died about 
 1902. 
 
 216. FREDERICK WOLFE— Born in Austria. M. D., 1853, Univ. 
 Prag. Is said to have removed to St. Louis, Mo. Died before 1870. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 13, 1865 
 
 217. H. MARIUS DUVALL— Born in Maryland. M. D., 1848, Univ. 
 Penna. Asst. Surg, and Med. Director, U. S. Navy ; retired in 1880. 
 Died Feb. 9, 1891. See Hamersly's Officers of the Navy, 1890, p. 252. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 27, 1865 
 
 218. JOSEPH ALOYSIUS MUDD— Born Sept. 10, 1842, Millwood, 
 Mo. M. D., 1864, Univ. Md. Asst. Surg., Provisional Army, C. S. A. 
 Removed to St. Charles, Mo., about 1866, thence to Hyattsville, Md,, 
 where he is now practicing. 
 
 219. JAMES OTEY HARRIS— Born 1840, Alexandria, D. C. Broth- 
 er of Dr. Robert Harris, infra. M. D., 1861, Univ. Penna. Said to have 
 served in C. S. A. Dropped from membership, 1881. Died of epilepsy, 
 Dec. 9, 1882, in D. C. 
 
 220. E. V. B. BOSWELL— Born May 31, 1839, Montgomery Co., Md. 
 M. D., 1865, Georgetown. Was also a druggist in Washington. Died 
 Dec. 9, 1878,
 
 276 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 221. JOHN KEARNEY WALSH— Born 1845, D. C. Son of Dr. 
 Joseph Walsh, supra. M. D., 1865, Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., 
 U. S. Navy. Removed from D. C. in 1883. Asst. Surg., Soldiers' 
 Home, Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. Dropped from membership, 1SS3. 
 Died Jan. 14, 1894, D. C. 
 
 OCTOBER 4, 1865 
 
 222. CHARLES HENRY BOWEN— Born May 30, 1838, D. C. M. 
 D., 1862, Columbian. Med. Cadet and Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. Army. 
 Dropped from membership, 1895 ; reelected, April i, 1896. Died March 
 12, 1901, at Fortress Monroe, Va. Son of James G. Bowen. Educated 
 in public school. Served during the Civil War in military hospitals, 
 Washington, and at Fort Stevens, D. C. After the war closed, he served 
 on the frontier. See Minutes Med. Society, March 20 and 27, 1901 ; 
 Trans. Med. Society, 1901, VI, p. 113. 
 
 223. JAMES ROSS REILY— Born March 23, 1835, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 M. D., 1859, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg., Pa. Reserve Corps; Surg., 127th 
 and 179th Pa. Vols.; Acting Assist. Surg., U. S. A., on duty at the U. S. 
 A. Arsenal, Washington. Dropped from membership, 1879. Died at 
 College Park, Md., Oct. 12, 1904. 
 
 224. CARLOS CARVALLO— Born, Santiago, Chili. M. D., 1862, 
 Univ. Berlin. Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died July 23, 1882, Boston, Mass. 
 Author of Ten days in Army of Potomac, 1864. See Brown's History, 
 p. 297; Powell's History, p. 235. 
 
 225. ALEXANDER MATTHEWS— Born May 27, 1825, D. C. M. D., 
 1847, Univ. Maryland. Removed to Oxford, Md. Died Oct. 5, 1891. 
 [Matthews is recorded as having attended the meetings Oct. 4, 1865, and 
 Jan. 17, 1866. The 1867 list gives his residence as 51 Congress Street, 
 Georgetown. The 1870 list does not give any residence, so that presum- 
 ably he had already removed to Oxford, Md. He is provisionally placed 
 here as elected October 4th.] 
 
 NOVEMBER 22, 1863 
 
 226. HENRY ALFRED ROBBINS— Born Feb. 9, 1839, St. Louis, 
 Mo. M. D., 1861, Univ. Penna. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Surgeon, 
 National Guard of France. [Son of Zenas C. and Mary Byrd Tylden 
 Robbins, of Revolutionary stock.] His parents removed to Washington 
 in 1844. Educated at Betts Academy, Stamford, Conn., Jones' Academj-, 
 Bridgeport, Conn., and Norwich University, Vt. Studied medicine with
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 277 
 
 Dr. W. P. Johnston, supra. Served as medical oflScer through the Civil 
 War; afterwards practiced in Washington. Examining Surgeon for Pen- 
 sions. Ward Physician two years; for four years had medical charge of 
 Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. Went to Paris in 1870; served as Surgeon 
 (rank of Major) in the National Guard of France. Afterwards attended 
 lectures and clinics at Guy's Hospital, London, assisting Prof. Walter 
 Moxon ; also externe to London Hospital ; attended the cancer wards, 
 Middlesex Hospital. Afterwards attended clinics at Charite Hospital, 
 Berlin, and AUgemeine Krankenhaus, Vienna. Returned to Washington 
 in 1883. In 1884 was President Microscopical Society, Washington. Had 
 charge for several years of Dermatological and Venereal Clinic, Central 
 Dispensary ; Clinical Professor, Georgetown Med. School ; afterwards 
 Prof. Dermatology and Syphilology, Howard Med. School. Member 
 Med. Association, D. C, and Amer. Med. Association; Med. Director, 
 Army Potomac, G. A. R.; President of Union Soldiers' Alliance, 1894. 
 On the staff of Washington Hosp. Foundlings. vSometime President 
 Therapeutic Society, Washington. 
 
 DECEMBER G, 186S 
 
 227. JOSEPH SCHOLL— Born March 12, 1823, Carlsruhe, Germany. 
 M. D., 1850, Tiibingen. Sometime Coroner at Newark, N. J. Died 
 June 6, 1902, D. C, of hemorrhage from gastric ulcer. Stiident Surgeon 
 in the war between Prussia and Denmark in 1846; in Revolution of 1S48, 
 was Provost Marshal of small town in Germany, which was the reason 
 of his being required to leave his native country. In 185 1, came to 
 America, and located for a short time in Salem, Mass., then removed to 
 Newark, N. J., where he practiced medicine nine years; was Coroner, 
 and with others established the first free hospital in that city. In 1861, 
 came to Washington ; one of the founders and incorporators of Central 
 Dispensary. See Minutes Med. Society, June 11, 1902 ; Wash. Med. 
 Annals, September, 1902, p. 316. 
 
 228. DOCTOR WILLARD BLISS— Born Aug. 18, 1825, Brutus, N. Y. 
 M. D., 1845, Western Reserve. Surgeon, 3d Mich. Vols, and Surgeon, 
 U. S. Vols. Dropped from membership, 1873. Died Feb. 21, 1889. Was 
 named after Doctor Willard, of N. Y. City. Practiced medicine in 1846 
 in lona, Mich., afterwards at Grand Rapids, Mich. In 1861-2 was in the 
 field with the Army of the Potomac; afterwards in military hospitals, 
 Washington, till the close of the war ; built and conducted Armory 
 Square Hospital. Member Board of Health, Washington. One of the 
 physicians who attended President Garfield. Exploited for a time the 
 drug Condurango as a cure for cancer. See Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 49.
 
 278 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 ABOUT DECEMBER 18, 1865 
 
 229. WILLIAM JOSEPH CRAIGEN— [There is no record of his 
 election. He paid the required fee Dec. 18, 1865.] Born Sept. 17, 1837, 
 Hampshire Co., Va. M. D., 1859, Univ. Penna. Assistant Surg. 2d D. 
 C, Vols. Removed in 1868 to Emporium, Pa., thence to Cumberland, 
 Md., in 1876, and to Baltimore in 1903. Licentiate M. C. F., Md., 1892. 
 Son of Jacob S. Craigen. Was Coroner of Cameron Co., Pa. ; Pension 
 Examiner ; Physician to Insane Asylum, Alms House and Jail, Alleghany 
 Co., Md. Vice President Tri-State Med. Assn., 1899. See Cordell's 
 Med. Annals, Maryland, 1903, p. 365. 
 
 JANUARY 3, 1866 
 
 230. MAURICE TUCKER— Born in Penna. M. D., 1862, George- 
 town. Surgeon, 30th U. S. C. T. Died before 1882. 
 
 JANUARY 24, 1866 
 
 231. GEORGE LOWRIE PANCOAST— Born Dec. 9, 1838, Burling- 
 ton Co., N. J. M. D., 1859, Jefferson. Assistant Surg., 3d Penna. Re- 
 serves. Surg., U. S. Vols. Died of consumption, Dec. 16, 1868. Son of 
 Samuel Abbott and Rachel (Newbold) Pancoast. The family removed 
 to Hampshire Co., Va., while he was a child. Educated at Hallowell's 
 School, Alexandria, Va. Studied medicine with his uncle. Dr. Joseph 
 Pancoast, Prof. Anatomy, Jefferson Med. College, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 After graduation served as Physician to the " Saranack," sailing be- 
 tween Philadelphia and Liverpool. Afterwards practiced in Philadelphia 
 until the outbreak of the Civil War. Was in the seven days' fight of the 
 Peninsular campaign ; Second Bull Run campaign ; was next Med. Di- 
 rector Stoneman's Cavalry Corps. In February, 1864, was transferred to 
 Washington and given charge of Finley (Military) Hospital. At the 
 close of the war began to practice in Washington, associated with Dr. 
 W. P. Johnston, supra. His health failing, he spent a year in southern 
 Europe. Returned in 1868. See Trans. A. M. A., 1872, XXIII, p. 578. 
 
 FEBRUARY 4, 1866 
 
 232. CHARLES TRAUTMANN— Born in Germany. M. D., 1862, 
 Univ. Maryland. Asst. Surg., U. S. Vols. Said to have removed, about 
 1867, to Baltimore, and thence to Philadelphia, where he died. Is said 
 to have been the father of Dr. Barthold Trautmann, of Philadelphia, but 
 to a letter of inquiry to the latter no reply was received.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 279 
 
 MARCH 14, 1866 
 
 233. EPHRAIM CARLOS MERRIAM— Born Dec. 9, 1838, Pittsburg, 
 Pa. M. D., 1863, Dartmouth. Med. Cadet, U. S. A.; Asst. Surg., 40th 
 Mass. Vols. Father of Dr. A. C. Merriam, infra. Name dropped ; re- 
 elected Oct. I, 1873. Died Nov. 27, 1895. Son of Dr. Marshall and 
 Sarah (Shook) Merriam. Educated at Merrimack and at Appleton 
 Academy, New Ipswich, N. H., Amherst and Dartmouth. In 1862, was 
 Medical Cadet at Columbian Military Hospital, Washington ; afterwards 
 served in the 40th Mass. Vols., and in December, 1864, was transferred 
 to hospital, Washington, where he remained on duty till 1866. After- 
 wards practiced in Washington. See Minutes Med. Society, Nov. 27, 
 1895. 
 
 234. BEDFORD BROWN— Born Jan. 17, 1825, Caswell Co., N. C. 
 M. D., 1848, Transylvania; 1853, Jefferson. Resided in Alexandria, Va. 
 Surgeon and Medical Director, C. S. A. Was also an honorary mem- 
 ber of the Society. Died at Alexandria' Sept. 13, 1897. Son of 
 Bedford Brown, U. S. vSenator from North Carolina. After graduating in 
 medicine he practiced in Yancey ville, N. C, thence removed to Alexan- 
 dria, where he continued to practice. Member and ex-President Med. 
 Society of Virginia; of Med. Examining Board of Virginia; ex-President 
 Southern Surg, and Gynecol. Association; member Pan-American Med. 
 Congress; Amer. Med. Association. See Watson's Biog., 1896, p. 447; 
 Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 389; Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 592. 
 
 MARCH 21, 1866 
 
 235. OLIVER A. DAILEY— Born in D. C. M. D., 1855, Georgetown. 
 Resigned, 1877. Died Jan. 5, 1896, at Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 236. THOMAS WASHINGTON WISE— Son of John Wise, of Wash- 
 ington. Born Feb. 22, 1846, D. C. Studied medicine with Dr. J. E. 
 Morgan, supra. M. D., 1866, Georgetown. Practiced several years in 
 Kentucky, then returned to Washington. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 
 on duty in the Library of the office of Surgeon General. Died Feb. 17, 
 1891. See Nat. Med. Rev., 1892-3, I, p. 7; Georgetown University, II, 
 p. 192. 
 
 MARCH 28, 1866 
 
 237. SAMUEL A. AMERY— Born, 1844, Charles Co., Md. M. D., 
 1866, Georgetown. Removed to Quincy, 111., about 1869, thence to Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, about 1875. Died there, August, 1881.
 
 280 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 APRIL 4, 1866 
 
 23S. ROBERT MILLS WHITEFOOT— Born, 1840, in Pennsylvania. 
 M, D., 1866, Georgetown. Removed to Montana. Surgeon General of 
 Montana. Health Officer of Bozeman, Mont., where he died, July 25, 
 1906. • 
 
 JULY 11, 1866 
 
 239. WILLIAM BEVERLY DRINKARD— Born Dec. 7, 1842, Wil- 
 liamsburg, Va. M. R. C. S., 1865, Royal College Surgeons, England ; 
 M. D., 1866. Columbian. Died Feb. 13, 1877. Son of Wm. R. Drinkard, 
 Secretary of War under President Buchanan, and Mary Frances Martin, 
 daughter of Wm. Beverly Martin ; granddaughter of Dr. Scott Martin, a 
 Surgeon in the Revolutionary War. The family moved to Washington 
 in 1857. He was educated at Young's school. In May, i860, went to 
 Europe; attended the Lyc^e Imp^riale, Orleans, France. Thence went 
 to Paris to study medicine; assisted the famous Desmarres in ophthal- 
 mology; was Hospital Interne. In July, 1865, went to London, and then 
 returned to Washington and began to practice, giving especial attention 
 to the diseases of the eye and ear. Demonstrator of Anatomy and, in 
 1872, elected Prof. Anatomy, Columbian Med. College. One of the 
 founders of Children's Hospital, and Secretary of the Medical Board ; 
 Consulting Physician, Louise Home; Attending Physician, Washington 
 Orphan Asylum; one of the Consulting Board, Columbia Hospital; mem- 
 ber Med. Assn., D. C. ; Amer. Med. Association ; Clinico-Path. Society, 
 Washington; Washington Med. Journal Club. Was the first physician 
 in Washington who practiced ophthalmology as a specialty. His pa- 
 thetic death is graphically described by Dr. Busey. See Atkinson's 
 Biog., 1878, p. 568; Nat. Med. Review, 1878-9, I, p. 63; Busey's Remi- 
 niscences, p. 183; Minutes Med. Society, Feb. 14, 1877; Trans. A. M. A., 
 1878, XXIX, p. 638. 
 
 AUGUST 1, 1866 
 
 240. ADAJAH BEHREND— Born July i, 1841, Hanover, Germany. 
 Hospital Steward, U. S. Army. M. D., 1866, Georgetown. Dropped 
 from membership 1873. Reelected April 4, 1894. Father of Dr. E. B. 
 Behrend, infra. 
 
 AUGUST 15, 1866 
 
 241. LLEWELLYN ADELBERT BUCK— Born Aug. 17, 1840, Buck- 
 field, Me. Hospital Steward, U. S. Army. Served in the Civil War, 
 1861-5. M. D., 1866, Georgetown. Removed in 1870 to Augusta, Kan- 
 sas, in 1876, to Peabody, Kansas. President, 1888, Kansas Med. Society. 
 Local Surgeon, Rock Island R. R. Died Dec. 13, 1906, at El Reno. 
 Okla. See Jour., Kansas Med. Society, Feb., 1907, p. 691.
 
 71
 
 72
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 28 1 
 
 OCTOBER 11, 1866 
 
 242. FREDERICK WILLIAMS RITTER— Born Aug. 6, 1843, Pough- 
 keepsie, N. Y. M. D., 1866, Univ. Penna. Dropped from membership, 
 1873. LL.B. and LL.M., National Univ., D. C. Was Med. Cadet, U. vS. 
 A., in 1865. After graduation in medicine practiced in Washington 
 until 1874, since which he has practiced law. 
 
 243. THOMAS EMORY— Born Dec. 11, 1841, Philadelphia, Pa. Son 
 of General Wm. A. and Matilda Emory. M. D., 1862, Richmond Med. 
 Coll. Asst. Surg., C. S. Navy. Removed in 1870, to Syracuse, N. Y., 
 retired from practice and went into business. Died Aug. 31, 190S, near 
 Annapolis, Md. , 
 
 244. LEMUEL JAMES DRAPER— Born May 14, 1834, Milford, Del. 
 M. D., 1854, Univ. Penna. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Asst. Surg., U. 
 S. Navy. Dropped from membership, 1877. Died in St. Louis, Mo., 
 Aug. 31, 1879. vSon of Samuel and Anna T. Draper. Educated at the 
 Milford Academy. Served in the Navy in the early part of the Civil 
 War. After the war closed he practiced in Washington and was Examin- 
 ing Surgeon for Pensions, member Med. Assn. ,D.C., and Amer. Med. Assn. 
 In July, 1879, was ordered by the Secretary of the Navy, to St. Louis, to 
 serve on an examining board, and died while there. Was married twice; 
 first, to Mary Ellen Mudd, daughter of Thomas and Ellen Taylor Mudd, 
 Oct. 18, i860 ; second, in Feb., 1870, to Miss Mary E. Owen, daughter of 
 Andrew Balmain and Amy E. Denham. See Trans. A. M. A., 1880, 
 XXXI, p. 1037. 
 
 DECEMBER 12, 1866 
 
 245. JOHN LEWIS CROUSE— Born, 1833, Maryland. M. D., 1859, 
 Univ. Maryland. Asst. Surg., ii8th Pa. Vols. Dropped from member- 
 ship, 1872. Died June 30, 1889, at St. Elizabeth Asylum, D. C. 
 
 JANUARY 16, 1867 
 
 246. WASHINGTON KILMER— M. D., i860, Albany Med. Coll. 
 Surgeon, i6tli W. Va. Vols. Removed to Orlando, Florida ; was there 
 1S90-6. 
 
 247. ROBERT REYBURN— Born Aug. i, 1833, Glasgow, Scotland. 
 M. D., 1856, Philadelphia Coll. Med. and Surg. ; A, M., 1871, Howard. 
 Acting Asst. Surg., 1862-3, and Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 1867; Asst. Surg., 
 1863, and Surg., U. S. Vols., 1863-7. Chief Med. Officer, Freedmen's 
 Bureau, 1871-2. President Board of Health, Washington, 1870-1. Re- 
 signed from Med. Society June 8, 1870 ; reelected Oct. i, 1873. Died
 
 252 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 March 25, 1909. Son of James and Jane (Brown) Reyburn. Was brought 
 by his widowed mother to Philadelphia in 1843. Educated in public 
 schools of that city. Studied medicine with Dr. Lewis D. Harlan. Prac- 
 ticed in Philadelphia until May 7, 1862, when he was appointed Acting 
 Asst. Surgeon; in June, 1863, was commissioned. Mustered out in 1867, 
 as Bvt. Lieut. Col., U. S. Vols., and began to practice in Washington. 
 Surgeon in charge Freedmen's Hospital, 1867-75; Prof. Clinical Surgery, 
 1866-7, Georgetown Med. College ; Prof. Surgery, Howard Med. School, 
 1868-73; Prof. Anatomy, Georgetown Med. School, 1878; Prof. Physiol- 
 ogy and Clinical Surgery, Howard Med. School, 1880-1902, and Prevent- 
 ive Medicine and Hygiene, 1902-9; Dean of Howard Med. Faculty, 
 1902-9. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Amer. Med. Association, its Libra- 
 rian in 1870; President Medico-Legal Society, Washington ; President 
 Amer. Therap. Society; Vice President, 1891-2, National Microscop. So- 
 ciety ; member Microscop., Anthropolog. and Biolog. Societies, Wash- 
 ington; Association Amer. Anatomists; Consulting Surgeon, Providence 
 and Freedmen's Hospitals; Visiting Physician, St. John's Church Orphan- 
 age; member Board of School Trustees, Washington, 1877-9 ! of Board 
 of Council, Georgetown, 1865. One of the Attending Surgeons to Presi- 
 dent Garfield, 1881. Married, 1854, Catherine White. Three children 
 are physicians, though not practicing — Drs. Robert Reyburn, Jr., Ella 
 Frances Reyburn and Eugenia Reyburn. Author of Types of disease 
 among the freed people of the United States, Washington, 1891; Assassi- 
 nation of President Garfield, Washington, 1905; Fifty years in the prac- 
 tice of medicine, Washington, 1907. See Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 422; 
 Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 83; Lamb's History, p. 109; Brown's Historj', 
 p. 297; Powell's Historj-, p. 550; Who's Who in America; History City 
 Washington, 1903, p. 437; Amer. Biog. Direct., 1908. 
 
 248. WILLIAM R. RUSSELL— Born July 21, 1836, Wedmore, Somer- 
 setshire, England. M. D., i860. Rush. Practiced medicine in Beloit, 
 Wis. Served in Civil War, 1861-2. Dropped from membership, 1879. 
 Died April 21, 1883. 
 
 FEBRUARY 27, 1867 
 
 24». OTHO MAGRUDER MUNCASTER— Born Oct. 12, 1843, Balti- 
 more, Md. M. D., 1866, Univ. Md. Dropped from membership, 1877. 
 Reelected Oct. 8, 1884. 
 
 HARCH 20, 1867 
 
 250. JOHN C. NORRIS— Born in Kentucky. M. D., 1863, Univ. 
 Penna. Nothing known of him after 1868.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 283 
 
 251. CHARLES MORGAN TREE— Born July 17, 1845, D. C. M. 
 
 D., 1867, Georgetown. Died Dec. 4, 1881. See Minutes Med. Society, 
 
 Dec. 5, 1881. 
 
 MARCH 27, 1867 
 
 252. ALEXANDER BARTON McWILLIAMS— Born, 1827, D. C. 
 Son of Dr. A. McWilliams, supra. M. D., 1846, Columbian. Dropped 
 from membership, 1872. Was many years Physician to the U. S. Jail, D. 
 C. Died May 17, 1898. See Busey's Reminiscences, p. 132. 
 
 APRIL 3, ISO": 
 
 253. JOHN E. SMITH— Born March 25, 1840, D. C. M. D., 1867, 
 Georgetown. Son of Col. John L. Smith, a Washington attorney. Died 
 in N. Y. City, Jan. 22, 1907. 
 
 254. AMOS N. WILLIAMSON— Born near Fayetteville, N. C, 1828. 
 
 M. D., 1859, Columbian. Dropped from membership, 1879. Died Dec. 
 
 22, 1884. 
 
 APRIL 10, 186": 
 
 255. RUFUS CHOATE— Born Jan. 31, 1847, D. C. M. D., 1867, 
 Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. Army. Dropped from member- 
 ship. Was Resident Physician, 1865-6, at Washington Asylum, during 
 an epidemic of typhus fever; 317 cases of the disease in the Asylum. 
 Served many years as Medical Officer to U. S. troops. 
 
 APRIL 24, 1867 
 
 256. BENJAMIN RALEIGH RAINES— M. D., 1867, Georgetown. 
 Removed about 1869, to St. Derwin, Neb. ; thence to Rockport, Mo., 
 about 1S70 ; to Corning, Mo., in 1872; thence to Stony Creek, Va. 
 Member, Missouri Med. Association. 
 
 257. EDWARD DeWELDEN BRENEMAN— Born Aug. 14, 1839, 
 Lancaster, Pa. M. D,, i86r, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg., 30th Pa. Vols. 
 Asst. Surg., U. S. Army. Died Oct. 11, 1870. Son of Abraham N. and 
 Mary DeWelden Breneman. After the Civil War ended he resigned 
 from the U. S. Army and practiced in Washington. Is said to have been 
 an accomplished linguist. Married, Sept. 27, 1866, Marion D., daughter 
 of Wm. and Huldah Wilson, of Washington. See Minutes Med. Society, 
 Oct. 12, 1870; Brown's Hist., p. 296; Trans. A. M. A,, 1872, XXIII, p. 
 581. 
 
 258. FRANCIS ASBURY ASHFORD— Born Sept. 19, 1841, Fairfax 
 Co., Va. First Lieut., C. S. A. M. D., 1S67, Columbian. Father of 
 Dr. Mahlon Ashford, infra. Another, son. Dr. Bailey K. Ashford, is an
 
 284 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Asst. Surgeon, U. S. Army. Died May 19, 1883. Was wounded and 
 captured at Petersburg, Va., just before the close of the Civil War. 
 Sfudied medicine with Dr. Thomas Miller, supra. After graduation was 
 appointed Resident Physician, Columbia Hospital ; afterwards was 
 Asst. Surgeon and one of the Directors ; assisted in organizing the Dis- 
 pensary service of the hospital ; assisted also in establishing the Chil- 
 dren's Hospital, was Attending Surgeon thereto, and gave especial atten- 
 tion to diseases of joints. At the reorganization of the Faculty of 
 Georgetown Med. School in 1876, he was made Prof. Surgery. Was the 
 principal person establishing Garfield Memorial Hospital, and, according 
 to Dr. Busey, was practically the founder. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; 
 Amer. Med. Assn. ; Clinico-Patholog. Society, Washington. Married a 
 daughter of Hon. Moses Kelly, of Washington. See Busey's Reminis- 
 cences, p. 188 ; Minutes Med. Society, May 20, 1883 ; Maryland Med. 
 Jour., 1883-4, X, p. 417; Atkinson's Phys. and Surg., 1878, p. 78 ; In 
 Memoriam, Washington, 1883 ; Georgetown University, II, p. 91. 
 
 MAY 1, 1867 
 
 2.>«). JOSEPH TABER JOHNSON— Born June 30, 1845, Lowell, 
 Mass. A. M., 1869, Columbian; Ph. D., 1S90, Georgetown ; M. D., 
 1865, Georgetown ; 1868, Bellevue ; 1871, Diploma in Obstetrics, Vienna. 
 Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. Army. Father of Dr. L. B. T. Johnson, infra. 
 Resigned June 8, 1870 ; reelected Oct. i, 1873. Honorary member M. 
 C. F., Maryland, 1890. Son of Lorenzo Dow and Mary (Burgess) John- 
 son ; grandson of Jeremiah Johnson, soldier of the Revolutionarj' War ; 
 descendant of John Alden and Priscilla Mullens, of the "Mayflower." 
 Attended Rochester Academy, Plymouth Co., Mass., and Columbian Col- 
 lege, Washington. Studied medicine with Dr. Wm. G. Palmer, supra, 
 and Dr. Austin Flint, N. Y. City. Served at Freedmen's Hospital, 
 Washington, 1868-73. Prof. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Howard Med. 
 School, 1868-73 ; Lecturer 1874, Prof. Obstetrics 1876, afterwards Prof. 
 Gynecology and Abdominal Surgery, Georgetown Med. School, till the 
 present time ; President of the Med. Faculty ; President of Board, and 
 Gynecologist, Georgetown Univ. Hospital. Surgeon in Charge of Sani- 
 torium for cases of gynecology and abdominal surgery, built by himself, 
 18S7. Was Gynecological Surgeon, Columbian and Providence Hos- 
 pitals. Consulting Gynecologist Central Dispensary. Member Med. 
 Assn., D. C. One of the founders Wash. Obstet. and Gynecolog. 
 Society, President in 1888-9, ^nd of Amer. Gynecolog. Society, Sec- 
 retary and Editor "Transactions," 1888-91 ; President, 1898-9; Presi- 
 dent Southern Surg, and Gynecol. Assn., 1S98-9 ; Fellow British Gyne- 
 colog. Society ; member Mass. Med. Society ; Med. Society Virginia; 
 Amer. Med. Assn. ; Wash. Philosoph. and Anthropolog. Societies.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 285 
 
 Author of Surgical diseases of ovaries and tubes, in Dennis' System of 
 Surgery. Director Great Falls and Old Dominion R. R. Married in 
 1873, Edith Maud, daughter of Prof. W. F. Bascom, of Washington. See 
 Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 231 ; Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 252 ; Watson's 
 Biog., 1896, p. 405 ; Appleton's Biog., 1887, III, p. 446; Who's Who in 
 America ; Amer. Biog. Directory, Washington, 1908 ; Lamb's History, 
 p. 108 ; Georgetown University, II, p. 89 ; Cordell's Med. Annals, Mary- 
 land, 1903, p. 456. 
 
 MAY 29, 1867 
 
 260. GRANVILLE MALCOM— Born April 2, 1839, Boston, Mass. 
 M. D., 1867, Georgetown. A. M., 1896, Bucknell Univ., Lewisburg, Pa. 
 Resigned from Society, Jan. i, 1872. Removed to Denver, Colorado, 
 and went into real estate business. 
 
 261. HENRY GRAY— M. D., 1867, Coll. P. and S., N. Y. Died be- 
 tween 1867 and 1870. 
 
 262. ALONZO MORRIS BUCK— Born Jan. 24, 1826, Glens Falls, N. 
 Y. Hospital Steward, U. S. Army. M. D., 1866, Georgetown. Prac- 
 ticed sometime in Michigan, then returned to Washington, and was em- 
 ployed in Surgeon General's Office. Dropped from membership. Died 
 Sept. 29, 1905, Hyattsville, Md. 
 
 263. WILLIAM E. POULTON— Born May 16, 1840, D. C. M. D., 
 1864, Georgetown. Dropped from membership 1873. 
 
 264. DAVID PHILIP WOLHAUPTER— Born April 6, 1840, Wood- 
 stock, N. B. M. D., 1862, Bowdoin ; A. B., Sackville College, Nova 
 Scotia. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Father of Dr. W. E. Wolhaupter, 
 infra. Served in military hospitals during Civil War, afterwards prac- 
 ticed medicine in Washington. Died July 12, 1900. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, Oct. 3, 1900. 
 
 JUNE 12, ISC'? 
 
 265. RICHMOND JOSEPH SOUTHWORTH— Born in 1841, in Wis- 
 consin. M. D., 1866, College Phys. and Surg., N. Y. ; LL. B., 1S73, 
 Columbian. Resigned Oct. 7, 1S68, from Medical Society. Acting Asst. 
 Surg., U. S. Army. Died in Washington, July 27, 1900. Son of Mrs. E. 
 D. E. N. Southworth, the authoress. Educated at schools in Wisconsin. 
 After graduation in medicine practiced in N. Y. City, till 1867, when he 
 removed to Washington. After graduating in law he removed to Yon- 
 kers, N. Y. Returned to Washington in 1890. Married Miss Blanche 
 Porter, daughter of Dr. James J. Porter. See Lamb's History, p. 117.
 
 286 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 JULY 3, 1861 
 
 266. SAMUEL S. TURNER— Born in 1834, in Tennessee. M. D., 
 1S63, Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Removed to Fort Bu- 
 ford, afterwards to Yankton, Dakota. Died Dec. 11, 1904, while en route 
 from Fort Columbia, Washington, to Washington, D. C. 
 
 JULY 31, 1867 
 
 267. SAMUEL W. CALDWELL— Born in Penna. Hospital Steward, 
 U. S. A. M. D., 1867, Georgetown. Dropped from membership, 1872. 
 Removed to Philadelphia, Pa. [Was there in 1886.] 
 
 AUGUST 14, .186? 
 
 268. WILLL\M HENRY WHITLEY— Born in New Jersey. M. D., 
 1866, Georgetown. Removed to Paterson, N. J., about 1874, and died 
 there after 1890. 
 
 AUGUST 21, 1867 
 
 269. CARL HERMANN ANTON KLEINSCHMIDT— Born Oct. 12, 
 1839, Petershagen, Prussia. M. D., 1862; Ph. D., 1889, Georgetown. 
 Asst. Surg., C. S. A, President, 1895-6, Med. Assn., D. C. Died May 
 20, 1905. Educated at Royal College, Minden, Westphalia, Prussia. 
 Came to America in 1857. After graduation in medicine served in the 
 Confederate Army, 1863-5, with the "Texas Rangers," in most of the 
 engagements in Northern Virginia, at Gettysburg, in the "Wilderness," 
 and finally at Appomattox, whence he walked to Georgetown, D. C. He 
 then took a medical course at the Univ. Berlin. Returned to George- 
 town and began practice. In 1876 was appointed Prof. Physiology, 
 Georgetown Med. School ; was the first President of Board of Med. Ex- 
 aminers, D. C, under the law of 1896, and also President of Board of Med. 
 Supervisors ; member Wash. Acad. Sciences ; on the staff of Georgetown 
 Univ. Hospital; member Med. Assn., D. C; Amer. Med. Association. 
 Author of The necessity for a higher standard of medical education, 
 Washington, 1878. See Minutes Med. Society, May 24, 1905; Atkinson's 
 Biog., 1878, p. 531; Wash. Med. Annals, September, 1905, p. 260; George- 
 town University, II, p. 84. 
 
 270. ABRAHAM BOHRER SHEKELL— Born Oct. 4, 1838, D. C. 
 M. D., 1863; Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Dropped from 
 membership, 1S83.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 287 
 
 SEPTEMBER 11, 1867 
 
 271. SILAS LAWRENCE LOOMIS— Born May 22, 1822, North Cov- 
 entr}', Conn. A. M., Howard; M. D., 1857, Georgetown. Acting Asst. 
 Surg., U. S. A. Father of Dr. C. L. Loomis, infra. Died June 22, 1896. 
 Brother of Dr. L. C Loomis, of Washington. Son of Silas and Esther 
 (Case) Loomis. When five years old his father died and he early as- 
 sumed the care of his mother, brother and sister. Taught school in 
 Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 1837-43, in this way being able to work 
 his way through college, graduating in 1844 at Wesleyan University, 
 Middletown, Conn. The same year, with his brother Charles, he estab- 
 lished the Adelphian Academy, North Bridgewater, now Brockton, Mass. 
 Was married in 1848 to Betsy Ann Tidd, who died in 1850. Married in 
 1851 to Abigail Paine. Member Amer. Assn. Advance. Sci., in 1852. In 
 1854 removed to Washington, D. C, and opened the Western Academy, 
 southwest corner Seventeenth and I Streets, N. W. Appointed, in 1S57, 
 Astronomer to the Lake Coast Survey. In i860 was Special Instructor in 
 Mathematics at U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, and was ordered on a 
 cruise at sea. In 1861, elected Prof. Chemistry and Toxicology, George- 
 town Med. College ; resigned in 1867. During the war of 1861-5 was an 
 Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A.; served in Army of Potomac on staff of Gen- 
 eral McClellan, and also in several military hospitals in Washington. In 
 1862, became member Amer. Med. Association. At the close of the Civil 
 War he was Chief Clerk, Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Department. 
 Was associated with others in founding Howard University, and is said 
 to have suggested the University instead of a College ; organized the 
 medical department; Dean of Med. Faculty, sessions 1868-70. In 1870 
 was chairman of a special committee on examination of mathematical 
 and chemical instruments for use of Internal Revenue Bureau; in 1871, 
 member of Board of Health of Washington. In 1878 was employed by 
 the U. S. Bureau of Agriculture collecting special statistics of food 
 products of the United States. Estimated the population of the United 
 States for 1880, and was in error by only 18,000. In 1878 discovered a 
 process and invented machinery for making textile fiber from varieties 
 of the palm. Removed to Fernandina, Fla., in 1882. Author of Normal 
 arithmetic, 1859; Analytical arithmetic, i860. See Appleton's Biog., 1888, 
 IV, p. 19; 20th Cent. Biog. Diet.; Lamb's History, p. 108. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 25, 1867 
 
 272. DANIEL SMITH LAMB— Born May 20, 1843, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 A. B., 1859, A. M., 1864, Central High School, Philadelphia, Hospital 
 Steward, U. S. A. ; Acting Asst, Surgeon, U. S. Army. M. D., 1867, 
 Georgetown. Co-Editor Washn. Med. Annals. Husband of Dr. I. H.
 
 288 MEDIC At, SOCIETY 
 
 Lamb, and father of Dr. R. S. Lamb, infra. Author of " History of Med. 
 Dept., Howard Univ.," 1900; "Rules of Health," 1900 (with Dr. I. H. 
 Lamb) ; and contributed to " Witthaus' Med. Jurisprudence." Son of 
 Jacob Matlack and Delilah (Rose) Lamb; descended from a number of 
 families that peopled New Jersey, and from Revolutionary soldiers. 
 Educated in public schools, Philadelphia, Pa. Enlisted in 8ist Penna. 
 Vols., in 1861; in hospital in Alexandria, 1862 to 1865 ; Hospital Steward, 
 U. S. A., 1864-1868 ; Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 1868-1892. On duty 
 at Army Med. Museum, Washington, 1865, to the present time ; Patholo- 
 gist since 1892. Sometime Professor of General Pathology, U. S. Col- 
 lege Veterinary Surgeons, Washington ; member Med. Assn. D. C. and 
 Amer. Med. Assn.; President Assn. Actg. Asst. Surgeons, U. S. A., for 
 many years ; many years Secretary Assn. Amer. Anatomists ; Treas- 
 urer Woman's Clinic, Washington ; Councilor Ninth International 
 Medical Congress, 18S7 ; Secretary Anatomical Section Pan-American 
 Med. Congress, 1893 ; President Anthrop. Society, Washington ; Vice 
 President Washington Academy of Sciences ; Prof. Materia Medica and 
 Med. Jurispr. Howard Med. School, 1873-7, of Anatomy since 1877 ; 
 Chairman Editorial Committee Washington Med. Annals, since 1902, 
 Made post mortem examination of President Garfield, the assassin 
 Guiteau, and Vice President Henry Wilson. Married May 20, 1868, 
 Lizzie Scott, daughter of Robert Scott, Philadelphia ; and July 3, 1899, 
 Isabel Haslup, infra. See Stone's Biog., 1S94, p. 649 ; Watson's Biog., 
 1896, p. 503 ; 20th Cent. Biog. Diet., 1904 ; Amer. Men. Science, 1906 ; 
 Who's Who in America ; Amer. Biog. Directory, Washington, 190S ; 
 Lamb's History, p. 121 ; Genealogy of Lamb and Others, 1904. 
 
 NOVEMBER 13, 1867 
 
 273. VALENTINE McNALLY— Born Oct. 18, 1839, Scotland. M. 
 D., 1867; A. M., 1869; LL.D., 1889, Georgetown ; LL. D., 1886, Col- 
 lege St. Francis Xavier, N. Y. Captain and Major of Ordnance, U. S. 
 Army. See Powell's History, p. 474. Now Colonel, U. S. A., Retired. 
 
 274. GEORGE P. HANAW^ALT— Born Sept. 11, 1836, Ross Co., 
 Ohio. M. D., 1864, Georgetown. Hospital Steward, 1862-4, and Acting 
 Asst. Surgeon, U. S. Army, 1864-8. Removed, 1868, to Des Moines, 
 Iowa. Of German ancestry. Member and Vice Pres. Alumni Society 
 Georgetown Med. College, 1869-70 ; Secretary Iowa Med. Society, 1870- 
 3; President Polk Co., Med. Society; Surg. 3d Iowa Nat. Guard; 
 member Board of Pension Examiners ; Division Surgeon, Chicago, Rock 
 Island and Pacific R. R. ; Surgeon, Des Moines and Fort Dodge R. R. 
 In Oct., 1871, married Emma Agnes, daughter of James C. Jordan, of 
 Des Moines. See Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 432.
 
 73
 
 DANIEL THOS. BIRTWELL 
 
 WM. EARL CLARK 
 
 74
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 289 
 
 275. JOSEPH DEANE BARNES— Born in 1844, in North Carolina. 
 M. D., 1867, Univ. Penna. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Dropped from 
 membership 1872. Was the son of Surgeon General J. K. Barnes, U. S. 
 A. Died May 13, 1882. 
 
 DECEMBER 4, 1867 
 
 2 70. DeWITT CLINTON PATTERSON— Born Aug. 3, 1826, Berk- 
 shire Co., Mass. M. D., 1851, Western Reserve. Surgeon, 124th Ohio 
 Vols. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. President, 1885-6, Med. Assn., D. C. 
 Many years Coroner of D. C. Father of Dr. A. C. Patterson, infra. 
 Died Dec. 20, 1893. See Minutes Med. Society, Dec. 21, 1893 ; Lamb's 
 History, p. 120. 
 
 1867 
 
 277. BENJAMIN B. BABCOCK— Born in Pennsylvania. M. D., 
 1S67, Georgetown. Died Jan. 21, 1868. See Minutes Med. Society, Jan. 
 22, 1868. 
 
 278. JOSEPH NELSON CLARK— Born Nov. 12, 1839, near Dills- 
 bury, Pa. Served in the army in the war, 1861-5. M. D., 1867, George- 
 town. Removed to Harrisburg, Pa., where he kept a drug store and- 
 was President of the People's Savings Bank. 
 
 [Babcock was nominated April 10, 1867, and Clark May 29, 1867. 
 There is no record of the election of either, but they were recognized 
 as members, and, Jan. 29, 1868, the Secretary was instructed to record 
 the election of Babcock and sign his name to the constitution.] 
 
 JANUARY 15, 1868 
 
 27J). EDWIN WALTER LATIMER— Born June 6, 1826, Prince Wil- 
 liam Co., Va. M. D., i860, Columbian. Was in C. S. A. Removed 
 from D. C. to Prince William Co., Va. Died of meningitis April 20, 
 i83o, in D. C. See Minutes Med. Society, April 21, 1880. 
 
 HARCH 2S, 1868 
 
 280. CORNELIUS VAN NESS CALLAN— Born July 19, 1844, D. C. 
 M. D., 1868, Georgetown. Was attending Physician, Providence Hospi- 
 tal and St. Ann's Infant Asylum, Washington. 
 
 2S1. ANDREW ROTHWELL BROWN— Born May 31, 1847, in D. C. 
 M. D,, 1868, Georgetown. Dropped from membership, 1877. Died Dec. 
 16, 1900. Was associated for a while with his uncle, Dr. Borrows, «(^/-a; 
 then ceased to practice medicine and became a patent attorney. 
 
 19
 
 290 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 282. GEORGE ARTHUR FITCH— Born July 30, 1846, Morgantown, 
 Va. M. D., 1868; A. M., 1869, Georgetown. Died of tuberculosis, 
 Nov. 30, 1875. Educated at Monongahela Academy. Studied medicine 
 with Dr. Johnson Eliot, supra. Member Med. Assn., D. C, and Amer. 
 Med. Association. See Minutes Med. Society, Dec. i. 1875 ; Trans. A. 
 M. A., 1878, XXIX, p. 654. 
 
 APRIL 1, 1868 
 
 283. BENEDICT THOMPSON— Born April, 1843, St. Mary's Co., 
 Md. M. D., 186S, Columbian. Brother of Dr. J. Ford Thompson, su- 
 pra, and father of Dr. J. Lawn Thompson, infra. Died of typhoid fever, 
 July 22, 1875. Son of Charles and Eliza Thompson. Attended George- 
 town College, 1857-61. Studied medicine with his brother. After grad- 
 uation became Assistant Physician at Columbia Hospital, and subse- 
 quently House Physician to Providence Hospital, Washington. In 1870 
 married the daughter of James P. Lawn, of Baltimore. Was an active 
 member of the Medical Society, and during a trying time in its history was 
 instrumental in reviving the interest of its members in its meetings and 
 did much toward improving the efficiency of its organization. Served for 
 some time on a committee appointed to edit the transactions of the So- 
 ciety, and filled other oflfices. Member of Med. Assn., D. C. Sometime 
 President of Carroll Institute, Washington. See Minutes Med. Society, 
 July 23, 1875; Lamb's History, p. 120; Busey's Reminiscences, p. 200; 
 Trans. A. M. A., 1878, XXIX, p. 722. 
 
 APRIL 29, 1868 
 
 284. JESSE LEE ADAMS— Born Aug. 6, 1841, D. C. Served in D. C. 
 Volunteers during Civil War. M. D., 1868, Georgetown. Dropped from 
 membership, 1879. Had a son. Dr. J. L. Adams, Jr. Was Ward Physi- 
 cian several years; member Med. Assn., D. C. Died April 16, 1905. See 
 Georgetown University, II, p. 194. 
 
 285. CHARLES FRANCIS NALLEY— Born, 1849, D. C. M. D., 
 1868, Georgetown. Dropped from membership, 1873. Died March 4, 
 1876. vSee Minutes Med. Society, March 6, 1876. 
 
 JUNE 10, 1868 
 
 286. GEORGE RICHARD MILLER— Born Jan. 10, 1846, D. C. 
 Son of Dr. Thomas Miller, supra. M. D., 1868, Univ. Penna. Died in 
 Washington, June 5, 1872, of tuberculosis. [His mother was Virginia C. 
 Jones, daughter of General Walter Jones.] He had a college education ; 
 studied medicine with his father. After graduation, practiced in Wash- 
 ington. Apparently as the result of too close attention to practice, his
 
 DIvSTRICT OF COLUMBIA 29 1 
 
 health failed and he retired to his father's farm near Leesburg, Va. 
 Member Med. Assn. and Clinico-Patholog. Society, D. C. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, June 7, 1872. Trans. A. M. A., 1873, XXIV, p. 340 ; and 
 1880, XXXI, p. 1076. 
 
 NOVEMBER 4, 1868 
 
 287. EDGAR ARMISTEAD DULIN— Born Dec. 19, 1843, D. C. M. 
 D., 1865, Georgetown. Medical Cadet, U. S. Army ; Acting Asst. Surg., 
 U. S. Navy. Removed in 1869 to Lexington, Mo. ; afterwards to Nevada, 
 Mo. President Med. Soc, Vernon Co., Mo. ; and John T. Hodgen Med. 
 Society. Member U. S. Board of Pensions. 
 
 NOVEMBER 25. 1868 
 
 2S8. ROBERTSON HOWARD— Son of Dr. Flodoardo Howard, supra. 
 Born Dec. 12, 1847, D. C, M. D., 1867 ; A. M., 1870; LL. B., 1874, 
 Georgetown. Removed to vSt. Paul, Minn., and practiced law. Died 
 there, Dec. i, 1899. 
 
 DECEMBER 2. 1868 
 
 289. WILLIAM WARING JOHNSTON— Born Dec. 28, 1843, D. C. 
 p:idest son of Dr. W. P. Johnston, J?^/ra. Med. Cadet, U. S. A. M. D., 
 1865, Univ. Penna. President Med. Assn., D. C, 1888-9. Brother of Dr. 
 G. W. Johnston, infra, and father of Dr. W. B. Johnston. Died March 22, 
 1902, at Atlantic City, N. J. [His mother was Mary Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Bernard Hooe, of Prince William Co., Va.] He was educated by Mr. 
 Hector Munro, at a Washington school, and at St. James College, near 
 Baltimore, till 1S62 ; then by Mr. Chas. B. Young, Washington. After 
 graduating in medicine served as Interne at Bellevue Hospital, N. Y., 
 one year, during the cholera epidemic ; a fellow student, his room mate, 
 died of the disease. He next attended the Univ. Edinburgh and was a 
 private pupil of Dr. John Hughes Bennett; and next the Paris hospitals. 
 Returned to Washington in 1868 and began practice with his father. In 
 1871, became Prof. Theory and Practice of Medicine, Columbian Med. 
 School, and held the position till his death. His practice included many 
 patients connected with the U. vS. Government, Cabinet Officers, Justices 
 of Supreme Court, Senators and others. He was on the staff of the Chil- 
 dren's Hospital, Providence Hospital, Columbia Hospital, Garfield Me- 
 morial Hospital, Emergency Hospital and, finally, the Columbian Univ. 
 Hospital. One of the founders of Children's Hospital and Garfield 
 Memorial Hospital and a member of the Board of Directors of each; 
 Consulting Physician to Washington Asylum Hospital, to Episcopal Eye 
 and Ear Hospital and Government Hospital for Insane. Chairman of 
 Committee on Public Health of Board of Trade. Was married three 
 tmies. Author of Diarrheal diseases and dysentery, in Hare's system of
 
 292 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 practical therapeutics, Philadelphia, 1897, IV; The Eureka Springs, Ar- 
 kansas, St. Louis, 1885; see Medical Societj', D. C, Report on typhoid 
 fever, Washington, 1894. See Minutes Med. Society, March 24 and 
 April 9, 1902; Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 319; Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 253; 
 In Memoriam, Washington, 1902; American Medicine, 1902, III, p. 500; 
 Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1902, CXLVI, p. 349; Jour. A. M. A., 1902, 
 XXXVIII, p. 835; Medical News, 1902, LXXX, p. 616; N. Y. Med. 
 Jour., 1902, LXXV, p. 55S; Physician, Detroit, 1902, XXIV, p. 188; 
 Wash. Med. Annals, May, 1902, pp. 151-175. 
 
 JANUARY 20, 1869 
 
 290. JAMES B. LITTLEWOOD— Born June 25, 1843, Ashton, Eng- 
 land. M. D., 1868, Georgetown. Was Examiner of Patents, U. S. Pat- 
 ent Office, Washington. Married, Sept., 1900, Florence Buckingham, of 
 Baltimore, Md. Died Feb. 7, 1906. 
 
 APRIL 7, 1869 
 
 291. CHARLES EVELYN HAGNER— Born Aug. 14, 1847, Norfolk, 
 Va. M. D., 1869, Univ. Penna. Father of Dr. F. R. Hagner, infra. 
 Dropped from membership 1902. Was Attending Physician Providence 
 Hospital ; member Med. Assn., D. C, and Wash. Obstet. and Gynecolog. 
 Society. 
 
 MAY 5, 1869 
 
 292. JOHN WESLEY VAN ARNUM— Born 1840, Manitou, Mich. 
 Hospital Steward, U. S. A. M. D., 1867, Georgetown. Sometime drug- 
 gist. Dropped from membership 1878. Died Nov. 9, 1884, as the result 
 of an accident. 
 
 JUNE :iO, 1869 
 
 293. CHARLES ADAMS GRAY— Born in N. Y. City. M. D., 1869, 
 Bellevue. Removed to Sioux Falls, Dakota ; was there 1886 ; thence to 
 Brattleboro, Vt., and Hinsdale, N. H., 1890-6. 
 
 294. WILLIAM WARREN POTTER— Born Dec. 31, 1838, Strykers- 
 ville, N. Y. M. D., 1859, LTniv. Buffalo. Asst. Surgeon 49th and Sur- 
 geon, 57th N. Y. Vols. Sometime Coroner, D. C. Removed to Buffalo, 
 N. Y. Editor Buffalo Med. Jour., since July, 1888. [His father was 
 Dr. Lindorf Potter, of Sheldon, Wyoming Co., N. Y. Son of Dr. Ben- 
 jamin Potter, formerly of Rhode Island, but who located in Western N. 
 Y. in the early years of the nineteenth century, and was one of the 
 first physicians in the Holland Purchase.] Educated at seminaries at 
 Arcade and Lima, N. Y. After graduation in medicine practiced with 
 his uncle, Dr. M. E. Potter, at Cowlesville, N. Y. Served as Asst. Sur-
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 293 
 
 geon, 49th N. Y. Vols., in 1S61-2. Accompanied the regiment throughout 
 its early career with the Army of the Potomac, during the peninsular 
 campaign, under McClellan in Maryland, and under Burnside in the 
 Fredericksburg disaster. Was left in charge of wounded soldiers while the 
 array was retreating to Harrison's Landing ; captured in June, 1862, con- 
 fined in Libby prison, but released among the first exchanges and re- 
 joined his regiment after an absence of three weeks. In December, 1862, 
 just after the battle of Fredericksburg, was promoted to Surgeon, and 
 served with the 57th New York Vols, during the Chancellorsville and 
 Gettysburg campaigns. Soon after the battle of Gettysburg was assigned 
 to the charge of ist Division Hospital, 2d Army Corps, and continued on 
 that duty until mustered out of service with his regiment at the close of 
 the war. Brevetted for faithful and meritorious service, Lieutenant 
 Colonel, U. S. Vols. He remained a few years in Washington, then 
 practiced awhile at Batavia, N. Y. Soon afterwards he removed to 
 Buffalo, where he is still practicing medicine, mainly surgery and dis- 
 eases of women. Member of Amer. Med. Assn. ; Med. Society of New 
 York, its President in 1891 ; Medical Society of Erie Co., President in 
 1893; of Buffalo Med. and Surg. Assn., President in 1886; President of 
 Buffalo Obstetrical Society, 1884-6 ; Secretary Amer, Assn. Obstet. and 
 Gynecol, from 1888 ; Pan-Amer. Med. Congress, 1893 ; Examiner in Ob- 
 stetrics N. Y. State Med. Examining Board ; President of National Con- 
 federation of State Med. Examining Boards ; Surgeon to Hospitals, etc. 
 Married, March 23, 1859, Emily A. Bostwick, daughter of Wm. H. Bost- 
 wick, Lancaster, N. Y. See Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 411 ; Watson's Biog., 
 1896, p. 150 ; Who's Who in America ; Men of New York, 189S. 
 
 29o. ARTHUR CHRISTIE— Born Jan. 13, 1830, London, England. 
 M. D., 1866, Univ. Maryland. Dropped from membership, 1880. Died 
 June 24, 1891, D. C. 
 
 NOVEMBER 17. 1869 
 
 296. RALPH V. AULICK— Born, 1839, D. C. M. D., 1867, Univ. 
 Penna. Died Oct. 3, 1872, with symptoms of apoplexy. Son of Commo- 
 dore Aulick, U. S. N. Studied medicine with Dr. D. R. Hagner, supra. 
 After graduation practiced in Washington. In 1870 had inflammation of 
 the brain and never recovered his health again. He collected many 
 medical engravings and portraits of medical men, and also devoted much 
 time to entomology. See Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 9, 1872; Trans. A. 
 M. A., 1873, XXIV, p. 341. 
 
 297. ALBERT B. NORTON— Born 1823, Massachusetts. M. D., 
 1849, Berkshire. Died July 5, 1873, of hemoptysis.
 
 294 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 298. JOHN HOLLINS McBLAIR— Born Nov. 12, 1843, D. C. M. D., 
 1869, Georgetown, ist Lieut., U. S. A. Dropped from membership, 
 1891; reelected April 4, 1894. Died Dec. 3, 1899. See Powell's History, 
 p. 459; Minutes Med. Society, Dec. 6 and 13, 1899; Trans. Med. Society, 
 1899, IV, p. 212. 
 
 2J)9. GEORGE W. WOOLEY— Born in Pennsylvania. M. D., 1836, 
 Med. Coll., Ohio. Removed in 1893 to Williamsport, Md., where he died 
 Nov. 6, 1893. 
 
 DBCenBER 8, 1869 
 
 300. ALBERT SPERRY PIERCE— Born, Madison, Indiana, Feb. 6, 
 1839. M. D., 1867, Georgetown. Removed to Kirksville, Mo., in 1873; 
 to Hastings, Neb., in 1885; to Omaha, Neb., in 1903. Had a common 
 school education. Was Hospital Steward, 27th Mo. Vols., 1 861-5. In 
 1896-7 was Med. Director, Grand Army Republic of Nebraska; 1897-8, 
 Surgeon General, National G. A. R. 
 
 301. WILLIAM F. CADY— Born June 30, 1826, Keesville, N. Y. 
 M. D., 1853, Albany Med. College, N. Y. Surgeon, 12th Illinois Vols. 
 Removed in 1873 to Lafayette, Ind., where he died, Dec. 24, 1883. Was 
 principal of a school at Oswego, N. Y., 1847-51; a pioneer agitator for free 
 schools. After graduating in medicine he practiced at Rock Island, 111., 
 1853-61. Served during the Civil War from the beginning to the close. 
 In the three months' service, was Asst. Surg., 12th 111. Vols. He was men- 
 tioned in dispatches on account of bravery in attending the wounded on 
 the firing line at battle of Fort Donelson. Suffered from chronic diarrhea 
 a long time, and a post mortem examination revealed a cicatricial condi- 
 tion of almost the entire intestinal tract. From 1869 to 1873 was Chief 
 Clerk, U. S. Indian Bureau, Washington, D. C, and also served a short 
 time as Indian Agent. 
 
 DECEHBER 29, 1869 
 
 302. FRANCIS SALTER— Born in England. 1831. L. R. C. P. and 
 S., Edinburgh (1850) and Glasgow. Surgeon, 7th Ohio Vols., and Sur- 
 geon, U. S. Vols. Dropped from membership, 1873. Sometime Med. 
 Referee, U. S. Pension Bureau, Washington. Died May 3, 1879. Buried 
 at Flood Hill, Va. See Powell's History, p. 816. 
 
 [There is no record of any one having been elected a member in 1870. 
 Dr. Christian Miller paid the fee of |i.oo, March 7, 1870, and June 30th, 
 Drs. W. T. S. Duvall and Basil Norris also paid the fee. But there is no 
 record of their election, nor is there any record of the fee having been 
 returned. The name of W. Noxton appears in the printed list of 1870,
 
 DORSEY MAHON MtPMtRSON 
 
 JirC€ tli.Cc. 
 
 75
 
 76 
 
 I
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 295 
 
 and W. Norton in the lists of 1882 and 1885, but the name does not ap- 
 pear anywhere on the minutes of the Society, nor oti the Treasurer's 
 book. It is possible that the name is a mistake for W. W. Hoxton, but 
 he had died in 1855.] 
 
 [January 5, 1870, the constitution was amended to require that candi- 
 dates for active membership should make their applications in January 
 or July, their papers to be referred to the Board of Censors, and the 
 election to be held in October or April.] 
 
 JULY 5, 1871 
 
 WOOD — [The minutes state that Wood was elected a member. 
 
 This must be a mistake.] 
 
 OCTOBER 11, 1871 
 
 ' 303. JOSHUA OTIS STANTON— Born Oct. 22, 1837, Straflford, N. H. 
 M. D., 1862, Bowdoin. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. ; Surg. U. S. Vols. 
 President Med. Assn., D. C, 1890-1. Surg. Gen. N. G., D. C. Died 
 April 9, 1 89 1. Educated at Straflford and Wolfboro Academies, N. H. 
 As Acting Asst. Surg, he served in Washington, June, 1862, to Feb., 1865, 
 when he was appointed Surg., U. S. Vols., and attached to the Bureau of 
 Provost Marshal General, U. S. A.; served there until Oct., 1865. After- 
 ward practiced in Washington, making a specialty of diseases of women. 
 Was a member Med. Assn., D. C; Gynecolog. Society of Boston (cor- 
 responding member); Advisory and Consulting Board of Physicians and 
 Surgeons, Columbia Hospital for Women, Washington ; Consulting Physi- 
 cian, Providence Hospital ; Examining Surgeon for Pensions. In May, 
 1870, married Ida M., daughter of Dr. Wm. Brooke Jones, of Washington. 
 See Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 355 ; Minutes Med. Society, April 10, 1891. 
 
 304. JAMES FRENCH HARTIGAN— Born Dec. 20, 1843, Limerick, 
 Ireland. Hospital Steward, U. S. A. M. D., 1868, Georgetown. Died 
 Jan. 31, 1894, at Trieste, Austria, where he was serving as U. S. Consul. 
 Had yellow fever while a prisoner of war at Newbern, N. C, in 1864; 
 and in 18S8 was sent by Surgeon General Hamilton to Florida towns, as 
 an Inspector of the Marine Hospital Service, to investigate their condition. 
 In the performance of this duty his health gave way, and he was appointed 
 consul at Trieste, partly in the hope that the warm climate of that place 
 would be beneficial to him. Was for many years Coroner's Physician, 
 D. C; assisted in the pos I inorteni examination of the assassin Guiteau. 
 Co-author of Report of post mortem examination of Guiteau, Washington, 
 1882 ; Lockjaw of infants, N. Y., 1884. See Jour. A. M. A., 1894, XXII, 
 p. 235 ; Georgetown University, II, p. 195.
 
 296 MEDICAl^ SOCIETY 
 
 APRIL 3, 1872 
 
 305. WALTER CLARKE BRISCOE— Born Dec. 16, 1837, D. C. M. 
 D., 1869, Georgetown. Surgeon, Central Dispensary. Died Maj' 16, 
 1896. See Minutes Med. Society, May iS, 1896. 
 
 306. WALTER BOWIE TYLER— Son of Dr. Grafton Tyler, supra. 
 Born Sept. 19, 1846, D. C. M. D., 1870, Columbian. Served in C. S. 
 Army. Died March 6, 1889, Summerville, S. C. , where he had gone for 
 his health. His mother was Mary M. Tyler. He was educated at George- 
 town College. At the close of the Civil War he studied medicine with 
 his father. Married Kate Moffat Stansbury, daughter of Dr. C. F. and 
 Ellen R. Stansbury, of Washington. See Minutes Med. Society, March 
 9, 1889. 
 
 307. HOWARD HINES BARKER— Born vSept. 13, 184S, D. C. M. D.. 
 1870, Georgetown; LL. D., 1890, National University, Washington. 
 President, 1904-5, Med. Assn., D. C. Father of Dr. H. W. Barker, in- 
 fra. Was the son of James William and Sarah Ann Rozelle (Hines) 
 
 Barker. Educated at Union Academy, Everett Institute and Columbian 
 College. Married, Sept. 12, 1872, Fannie Rozelle Wilson, of Washing- 
 ton. Practiced in Washington. Was Prof. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 
 and Dean Med. Department, National University, Washington, from 1884; 
 Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1871-3; Lecturer on Anatomy, 1874-5, George- 
 town Med. College; charter member Washington Obstet. and Gynecolog. 
 Society ; member of Clinico-Patholog. Society; President Therapeutic 
 Society, D. C, and Amer. Therapeutic Soc; member Amer. Med. Assn.; 
 Resident Physician, Columbia Hospital for Women in 1871 ; in charge 
 Diseases of Women and Children, Central Dispensary and Emergency 
 Hospital, 1872-7; Consulting Physician, Eastern Dispensary and Casualty 
 Hospital; also Surgeon to vSibley Memorial Hospital. Author of Open 
 letter to S. C. Busey, etc., Washington, 1895. See Who's Who in Amer- 
 ica ; Amer. Biog. Direct., 1908. 
 
 308. MOSES BRUCKHEIMER— Born April 2, 1836, Kilsheim, Baden. 
 Germany. M. D., 1868, Columbian. Dropped from membership, 1879; 
 reelected Oct. i, 1902. Died Aug. 7, 1903. Emigrated from Germany about 
 i860. vServed in 66th New York Vols, from April 19, 1861 ; afterward in 
 155th N. York v.; was discharged for disability. Then studied medicine. 
 Married Henrietta Fuchs, of Badigheim, Germany, whom he knew in 
 the old country. After graduation took a post-graduate course at Jeffer- 
 son Med. College, Philadelphia, and then returned to Washington and 
 practiced there until his death. See Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 7 and 
 Dec. 16, 1903; Wash. Med. Annals, January, 1904, p. 488.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 297 
 
 309. JAMES LITTLETON SUDDARTH— Born Dec. 13, 1841, Albe- 
 marle County, Va. M. D., 1868, Columbian. Dropped from membership, 
 1877. Reelected April 7, 1886. 
 
 310. JOHN STEARNS— Born in Massachusetts. M. D., i860, Har- 
 vard. Surgeon, 4th Mass. Heavy Arty. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. 
 Dropped from membership, 1879. Died Aug. 28, 1898. 
 
 [Stearns was nominated March 27th and elected April 3d. The name 
 became mixed up with that of Dr. S. S. Stearns.] 
 
 OCTOBER 2. 1872 
 
 311. CHARLES VERNON BOARMAN— Born March 2, 1851, D. C. 
 A. M., 1874, Gonzaga College, Washington; M. D., 1871, Georgetown. 
 Died Nov. 2, 1901. Was a descendant of the Boarmans and Morgans, of 
 England; the latter from Monmouthshire; the former received grants of 
 land from Lord Baltimore, and the latter also settled under proprietor's 
 grant in Maryland previous to 1647. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Medical 
 vSociety of Alumni of Georgetown College ; Lecturer in Summer School 
 of Medicine in said College; afterward Demonstrator of Anatomy. One 
 of the Physicians of Central Dispensary, and also City Physician. Sur- 
 geon, Penna. R. R., and member of Board of Med. Examiners, U. S. 
 Pension Bureau. See Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 383; Minutes Med. Soci- 
 ety, Nov. 6 and 15, 1901; Trans. Med. Society, VI, 1901, p. 271. 
 
 312. JAMES KNOX POLK GLEESON— Born June 6, 1844, London, 
 N. H. M. D., 1869, Columbian. 
 
 APRIL 2, 1873 
 
 313. JOHN THOMAS WINTER— Born April 26, 1842, Petersville, 
 Md. M. D., 1870, Georgetown. Brother of Dr. E. C. C. Winter, infra. 
 Died June 22, 1902. Son of Thomas and Elizabeth Fortney Winter ; 
 grandson of Benjamin Winter. Educated at Petersville Academy. Clerk 
 in Quartermaster's Department, U. S. A., during most of the Civil War. 
 Oct. 20, 1869, married Miss Alphonsa R. Hirst, daughter of Rev. Wm. 
 Hirst, of the M. E. Church. In 1871 began to practice in Washington. 
 Member of Med. Assn., D. C. ; Amer. Med. Assn. ; Washington Obstet. 
 and Gynecolog. Soc; charter member and President Washington Thera- 
 peutic Society; one of the Commissioners of Pharmacy, D. C, and Pres- 
 ident of the Board, 1894 to 1902; was on the staff of Eastern Dispensarj-, 
 and Sibley Hospital; Physician to Meth. Episc. Home for Aged Women. 
 In 1884 he organized the Med. Dept., National University, Washington; 
 was President of the school till his death ; Prof. Materia Medica and 
 Therapeutics, 18S4-92, and of Practice of Medicine, 1892-1902. See
 
 298 MEDICAI. .SOCIETY 
 
 Minutes Med. Society, Oct. i and 22, 1902; Wash. Med. Annals, Novem- 
 ber, 1902, p. 387; Watson's Biog., 1896, p. 575; Georgetown University, 
 II, p. 196. , 
 
 OCTOBER 1, IS-Sa 
 
 314. WILLIAM HENRY ROSS— Born July 17, 1844, Newr York City. 
 M. D., 1869, Georgetown. Removed, 1880, to N. Y. City. President, 
 1886, Harlem (N. Y.) Med. Society. Died Nov. 20, 1900. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, D. C, Dec. 5, 1900; Trans. Med. Society, V, 1900, p. 228. 
 
 315. CHARLES WILLIAM FRANZONI— Born Aug. 15, 1837, D. C. 
 Ph. B., 1858; M. D., 1869, Columbian. President, 1891-2, Med. Assn., 
 D. C. Son of John Clement and Ann Dunbar Franzoni ; grandson of 
 Carlo Franzoni, the distinguished Italian sculptor, whose work appears 
 in the Statuary Hall, U. S. Capitol, Washington. Dr. Franzoni was edu- 
 cated at private schools, the Union Academy and Columbian College, 
 Washington. Married, Oct. 25, 1876, Sarah Cecilia Saunders, of Cleve- 
 land, Ohio. Has practiced in Washington since 1869; Treasurer of Med. 
 Society since 1874. See Amer. Biog. Direct., 1908. 
 
 316. GEORGE LLOYD MAGRUDER— Born Nov. i, 1S48, D. C. 
 A. B., 1868, Gonzaga College, D. C. ; A. M., 1871 ; M. D., 1870, George- 
 town. [Son of Thomas Contee and Elizabeth Olivia Morgan Magruder, 
 His earliest American ancestor on the paternal side was the immigrant, 
 Alexander McGregor, who came from Scotland about 1650 and settled in 
 Maryland, and changed his name to Magruder soon after his arrival. 
 Dr. Magruder's father was Paymaster on the Washington Aqueduct and 
 Capitol Extension, and Disbursing Officer under Quartermaster General 
 M. C. Meigs.] Educated at private and public schools and by private 
 tutors. Since graduation in medicine has practiced in Washington. 
 Sometime Prosector in Minor Surgery, afterwards Prof. Materia Medica, 
 1883 to 1906, and Dean and Treasurer of Medical Faculty, now Emer. 
 Prof. Mat. Med. and Therap., Georgetown Med. School; Physician to 
 the Poor, 1871-2; Physician to Police and Fire Depts., 1883-7; Chairman 
 of Committee of Med. Society on typhoid fever in D. C, 1894, the out- 
 come of which was the present filtration plant. Delegate to Internat. 
 Med. Congress, Berlin, 1890, and Pan-American Med. Congress, 1893. 
 Secured an investigation by the Department of Agriculture, Washington, 
 into water supplies of dairy farms, 1906-7; also in 1907 secured the 
 appointment of the Milk Commission of the District; also the investiga- 
 tion of the milk industry of the District, and the publication of Bulletin 
 41, Hygienic Laboratory, "Milk and its relation to public health," under 
 auspices Bureau Public Health and Marine Hosp. Service together with 
 the Department of Agriculture. One of the founders of Central Dis-
 
 DISTRICT OF COL,UMBIA 299 
 
 pensary, and of Georgetown Univ. Hospital; Consulting Physician, 
 Central Dispensary and Providence Hospital; member Med. Assn., 
 D. C; Wash. Obstet. and Gynecol, Society; Amer. Pub. Health Assn ; 
 Washington Acad. Sciences; Board of Visitors, Govt. Hosp. Insane, D. C. 
 Married, Nov. 22, 1882, Belle, daughter of Gen. W. W. Burns, U. S. A., 
 and Priscilla R. Atkinson Burns. Has a son, a ist Ivieut., Coast Artillery 
 Corps, U. S. A. See Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 369; Stone's Biog., 1894, 
 p. 656; Amer. Biog. Direct., 1908; Georgetown University, II, p. 88; 
 Who's Who in America. 
 
 OCTOBER 8, 1813 
 
 317. WILLIAM OLIVER BALDWIN— Born April 9, 1827, Prince 
 George County, Md. M. D., 1852, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., U. 
 S. A. Surgeon, 2d D. C. Vols. Dropped from membership in 1879. 
 Died Dec. 21, 1894. 
 
 APRIL 8, 1874 
 
 318. CHARLES BITTINGER— Born May 19, 1852, D. C. M. D., 
 1873, Georgetown. Resigned November 8, 1876. Died Aug. 31, 1879. 
 
 319. GIDEON STINSON PALMER— Born June 14, 1815, Gardiner, 
 Me. A. B., Bowdoin, 1838 ; A. M., Howard ; M. D.. 1841, Maine Med- 
 ical. Surgeon, 3d Maine Vols., and Surg., U. S. Vols. Died in Wash- 
 ington, Dec. 8, 1891. Educated at the Gardiner Lyceum. Sometime 
 Principal of the Lyceum. Practiced medicine for twenty years in Gar- 
 diner and other towns of southern Kennebec County, Me.; and during 
 this time served successively as Councilman, Alderman, and Representa- 
 tive in the State Legislature. During the Civil War, after Oct. 5, 1861, 
 served as Brigade Surgeon and Medical Director until Oct, 12, 1865, 
 when he was mustered out. Was brevetted Lieut. Col., V. S. Vols., for 
 meritorious service. Resumed practice at Gardiner. In 1869, bj' re- 
 quest of General O, O. Howard, U, S. A., he took the chair of Physi- 
 ologj' and Hygiene in the Med, Department, Howard University, and, 
 1871-81, was Dean of the Faculty. From 1875 to 1881 was also Surgeon 
 in Charge of Freedmen's Hospital, Washington. Nov. 17, 1869, married 
 Susan, widow of Charles Henry Coolidge, of Boston, Mass. See Stone's 
 Biog., 1894, p. 364; Lamb's History, p. 112 ; Minutes Med. Society, 
 Dec. 9, 1891. 
 
 320. THOMAS MICHAEL HEALEY— Born June 16, 1840, Cumber- 
 land, Md. M. D., 1866, Long Island Medical College. Asst. Surg., 2d 
 Maryland Vols., 1861-5. Dropped from membership, 1878, Removed 
 to Cumberland. Died Aug. 13, 1892,
 
 300 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 321. PATRICK JOSEPH MURPHY— Born Oct. lo, 1844, Dublin, 
 Ireland. Studied at Maynooth College. A. M. and M. D., 1873, George- 
 town. For many years was Surgeon in Charge of Columbia Hospital for 
 Women, Washington. Died Oct. 3, 1S91. He is said to have done the 
 
 ^first successful ovariotomy (June 16, 1878) in Washington. Author of 
 Chylous ascites, Washington, 1887. See Georgetown University, II, p. 
 90; Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 7, 1891. 
 
 322. JOSEPH ASBURY TARKINGTON— Born Nov. 25, 1837, in In- 
 diana. M. D., 1870, Georgetown. Was Ward Physician ; Asst. Ph5'si- 
 cian, Central Dispensary. Died May i, 1902, at Greensburg, Ind. 
 
 323. ZACHARIAH TURNER SOWERS— Born Dec. 15, 1846, Clark 
 Co., Va. Ph. B., 1869; A. M., 1874, Columbian; M. D., 1869, Colum- 
 bian; 1870, Bellevue. Educated at Berry ville Academy, Clark Co., Va., 
 and Columbian College, Washington. Settled at Round Hill, Loudoun 
 Co., Va., but removed to N. Y. City in 1870. Was Asst. Interne in Belle- 
 vue Hospital; Asst. Examining Physician to Bellevue and Charity Hospi- 
 tals; Asst, Resident Physician to Contagious Hospital, Blackwell's Island, 
 N. Y. City. Returned to Washington, and in 1872 was appointed Dem- 
 onstrator of Anatomy, Columbian Med. College; Curator of the museum 
 and Lecturer on Minor Surgery. Member of Med. Assn., D. C, Secre- 
 tary in 1874. In 1876 and 1877 was member of Advisory Board of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons to the Columbia Hospital, D. C. Assisted in the post 
 mortem examination of the assassin, Guiteau. Has long been President 
 of the Washington Hospital for Foundlings. Author of Report of post 
 mortem examination of Guiteau, Washington, 1882. Father of Dr. 
 W. F. M. Sowers, infra. See Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 323; Amer. Biog. 
 Direct., 1908. 
 
 OCTOBER 6. 1874 
 
 324; EDWARD MARTIN SCHAEFFER— Born September 30, 1843, 
 Jamaica, L. I., N. Y. M. D., 1868, Columbian. Hospital Steward and 
 Acting Asst. Surgeon, U: S. Army. Dropped from membership in 1886 ; 
 reelected Oct. 6, 1886. Dropped again in 1899. Son of Dr. George C. 
 Schaeffer, of Washington. 
 
 325. ROBERT HARRIS— M. D., i860, Univ. Penna. Brother of Dr. 
 J. O. Harris, supra. Died Dec. 26, 1880. See Minutes Med. Society, 
 Dec. 27, 1880, and Jan. 3, i88r. 
 
 326. JAMES SHIELDS BE ALE— Born Nov. 14, 1844, D. C. M. D.. 
 1869, Georgetown. Father of Dr. R. S. Beale, infra. Died Feb. 12, 
 1S84, of apoplexy at Providence Hospital, Washington, where he had 
 gone to perform an operation. Son of Robert Beale. Served in Mary-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 3OI 
 
 land Battery, C. S. Army. After graduating in medicine attended spe- 
 cial courses in Paris, Loudon and Vienna. Afterwards practiced in Wash- 
 ington, preferably doing surgical work. Was on the staff of Providence 
 Hospital; Prof. Anatomy, 1876-1883, Georgetown Med. School ; Profes- 
 sor in Washington Training School for Nurses ; member Med. Assn., D. 
 C, and Washington Obstet. and Gynecol. Society. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, Feb. 13, 1884; Maryland Med. Jour., 1883-4, X, pp. 763 and 
 835 ; Jour. A. M. A., 1884, II, p. 614. 
 
 327. WILLIAM TYLER RAMSEY— Born April 18, 1847, Frederick, 
 Md. M. D., 1871, Columbian. Dropped from membership 1878. 
 Practiced in Washington, until July, 1S80 ; was then appointed Surgeon 
 on Pacific Mail Steamer. Removed to Washington Guernsey County, 
 Ohio, May i, 1881, and to Cambridge, the county seat, April i, 1883, 
 where he has since practiced. Member U. S. Pension Examining Board. 
 
 328. GEORGE MARTIN KOBER— Born March 28, 1850, Alsfeld, 
 Hesse Darmstadt, Germany. M. D., 1873; LL. D., 1906, Georgetown. 
 Educated at the grand ducal Realschule of his native town. In April, 
 1867, emigrated to United States ; secured an assignment to Hospital 
 Corps at Carlisle Barracks, Penna.; commenced his medical studies under 
 Dr. J. J. B. Wright, U. S. A., and in January, 1870, was appointed Hos- 
 pital Steward, and ordered to Frankford Arsenal, near Philadelphia ; 
 there he continued his studies until October, 1871, when he was ordered 
 to duty in the oflBce of the Surgeon General, at Washington. He stud- 
 ied medicine under Drs. Johnson Eliot and Robert Reyburn, SJipra, and 
 was the first graduate of a post-graduate course, instituted by Drs. 
 Thompson, Busey, Ashford and others, at the Columbia Hospital for 
 Women, in 1873. In 1S74 he assisted in the reorganization of the Central 
 Dispensary and in providing a German-speaking staff for the benefit of his 
 suffering countrymen. In July, 1874, he was appointed Acting Asst. 
 Surg., U. S. A.; was Post Surgeon at Alcatraz Island, Cal., to November, 
 1874 ; Post Surgeon, Fort McDermit, to July, 1877 ; was in the field, in 
 southeastern Nevada, expedition against the Indians in the fall of 1875 ; 
 and in the Nez Perces expedition and in charge of the field hospital at 
 Kamiah, on the Clearwater, Idaho, from July to October, 1877 ; Post 
 Surgeon at Camp near Spokane Falls and Fort Coeur d'Alene, to Novem- 
 ber, 1879; Fort Klamath, Oregon, to June, 1S80; and at Fort Bidwell, 
 Cal., to November, 18S6. While at Fort Bidwell was engaged extensively 
 in practice among civilians until June, 1887, when he traveled exten- 
 sively in this country and Europe, returning to Fort Bidwell in 1888. 
 The same year he returned to Washington, and in 1889 was appointed 
 Professor of State Medicine, Georgetown Med. School. In August, 
 1890, was a member of the loth Interuat. Med. Congress, Honorary Sec-
 
 302 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 retary of one of its sections. In December, 1890, returned to Fort Bid- 
 well, Cal. In 1894 established his permanent residence in Washington. 
 Fellow Amer. Assn. Advance. Sci.; Amer. Assn. Physicians; Amer. Med. 
 Assn.; Honorary Member Assn. Military Surgeons; member Medical and 
 Surgical Society, D. C. (President, 1889); Med. Assn., D. C. (President, 
 1898) ; Washington Academy of vSciences; Washington Anthropological 
 Society (President, 1907) ; President of Association Amer. Med. Col- 
 leges, 1906 ; author of the standard medical curriculum. In 1890 he di- 
 rected attention to the pollution of the Potomac water as a factor in the 
 undue prevalence of typhoid fever in Washington, and in 1895, at the 
 request of the Health Officer and the District Commissioners, he investi- 
 gated the causes of typhoid fever in Washington, and was the first to 
 point out the agency of flies in carrying the germs. His report was pub- 
 lished in 1895 ; his public addresses on the relations of water supply and 
 sewers to the health of the city, as well as his researches into the relative 
 merits of slow-sand and mechanical filtration, helped to secure the 
 necessary sanitary legislation and requisite appropriation by Congress. 
 One of the principal promoters of the Washington Sanitary Improvement 
 Company, offering to capital a safe 5 per cent, investment and at the 
 same time securing to wage earners, and others of moderate resources, 
 sanitary homes at reasonable rentals. Has been a member of the con- 
 sulting staffs of nearly all the hospitals in this city. In May, 1907, was 
 appointed a member of the President's Homes Commission; as Chairman 
 of the Committee on Social Betterment, prepared a monograph on Indus- 
 trial hygiene and social betterment, published in 1908 as Senate Docu- 
 ment No. 644. This, with his monograph on Milk in relation to public 
 health, published in 1902 as Senate Document No. 441, and his work on 
 Urinology and its practical applications, are his most important writings. 
 See also Conservation of life and health, Washington, 1908 ; History and 
 development of the housing movement in Washington, Washington, 
 1907. In 1908 he was invited to represent the medical profession at the 
 Conference on the Conservation of Natural Resources, held at the White 
 House, Washington, May 13th, and presented an address on The con- 
 servation of life and health by improved water supply. See Who's 
 Who in America ; Watson's Biog., 1896, p. 46; Amer. Men of Science, 
 1906; Georgetown University, II, p. 61. 
 
 329. JAMES McVEAN MACKALL— Son of Dr. Louis Mackall, 
 supra. Brother of Dr. Louis Mackall, Jr., infra. Born Jan. 25, 1852, 
 D. C. A. B., 1870, A. M. and M. D., 1873, Georgetown. Dropped, 1886, 
 from membership. Was Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., in Spanish-Amer- 
 ican War. Died June 25, 1909. 
 
 330. LEWIS E. NEWTON— Born Sept. 3, 1840, D. C. M. D., 1S6S, 
 Georgetown. Died Feb. 3, 1889.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 3O3 
 
 331. BENJAMIN M. BEALL— Born April 17, 1854, D. C. M. D.. 
 1873, Georgetown. Dropped from membership in 1878. • 
 
 APRIL 7, 1873 
 
 332. HORACE TURNBULL PORTER— Born March ii, 1849, Ches- 
 ter, Pa. M. D., 1870, Georgetown. Removed, 1878, to Philadelphia, 
 where he died Aug. 14, 1879. [Son of Dr. James Jefferson Porter, who 
 practiced for years in Philadelphia, but removed to Washington in i860, 
 and of Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Michael L,eib, of Philadelphia.] 
 Studied medicine with his father. After graduation he practiced in 
 Georgetown, D. C. Sometime physician at Columbia Hospital for 
 Women, Washington; member Med. Assn., D. C; sometime Physician 
 to the Poor. See Trans. A. M. A., 1881, XXXII, p. 538. 
 
 333. DAVID BLAIR— Born March 17, 1831, Kippenross, Scotland. 
 Hospital Steward, U. S. Army. M. D., 1872, Howard. Dropped from 
 membership 1S81. Died Nov. 25, 1885. Served in U. S. Army from Oct. 
 22, 1852, to Dec. 17, 1874, for twelve years as Hospital Steward. Mar- 
 ried Dec. 6, 1866. Was sometime on duty at Freedmen's Hospital, 
 Washington. See Lamb's History, p. 118. 
 
 334. JAMES MORSELL GASSA WAY— Born Jan. 7, 1848, D. C. M. 
 D., 1872, Columbian; 1882, Jefferson. Asst. Surg., Passed Asst. .Surg., 
 and Surg., U. S. M. H. S. 
 
 335. ARTHUR C. ADAMS— Born April 14, 1847, D. C. A. B., 1870; 
 A. M., 1873, Univ. Mich. ; M. D., 1873, Columbian. Shot himself at 
 his home, Dec. 31, 1904, while laboring under mental aberration, and 
 died at Providence Hospital, Jan. i, 1905. Served in 24th N. Y. Cavalry 
 during the Civil War. Taught some time at Howard University before 
 studying medicine. Was Prosector to Chair of Anatomy, Columbian 
 Med. College, 1878-9, and Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1879-89 ; member 
 Med. Assn., D. C, and Amer. Med. Assn. In 1878 married a Miss 
 Schneider, who died in 1888. After some j^ears interval married a Miss 
 Heitmuller. See Minutes Med. Society, Jan. 25 and Feb. i and 15, 1905: 
 Wash. Med. Annals, May, 1905, p. 136; Lamb's History, p. 232. 
 
 33G. R. ARNOLD PAGE— Born in D. C. M. D., 1871, Georgetown. 
 Removed to New York City, where he died in 1878. 
 
 337. SMITH TOWNSHEND— Born Dec. 13, 1836, Prince George Co., 
 Md. Capt., 32d 111. Vols., during the Civil War. M. D., 1870, Colum- 
 bian. Sometime Health Officer, D. C. Died Feb. 25, 1896. See Min- 
 utes Med. Society, Feb. 26, 1896; Nat. Med. Rev., 1S96, V, p. 21.
 
 304 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 338. JAMES THOMAS SOTHORON— Born July 9, 1842, near Char- 
 lotte Hall, Md. M. D., 1865, Georgetown. Med. Cadet, U. S. A. Father 
 of Dr. E. H. Sothoron, infra. Died Sept. 27, 1897. His ancestors were 
 among the first settlers of southern Maryland. He was educated at the 
 grammar school, Washington Select School and Georgetown College. 
 In 1862 was a tutor at Charlotte Hall. Studied medicine with Dr. Thos. 
 Antisell, supra. After graduation practiced in Washington. Member 
 Med. Assn., D. C; Amer. Med. Assn., and 9th Internat. Medical Con- 
 gress ; also of Board of Managers of Associated Charities ; member and 
 many years Vestryman and Treasurer of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. 
 See Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 477; Minutes Med. Society, Feb. 28, 1897; 
 Georgetown University, II, p. 192. 
 
 339. PARKE GEORGE YOUNG— Born Feb. 21, 1S52. D. C. M. D., 
 1872, Georgetown. Sometime Ward Physician. Died July 30, 1906. 
 See Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 3 and 24, 1906; Wash. Med. Annals, V, 
 1906, p. 301. 
 
 340. JOHN D. PARSONS— Born in D. C. M. D., 1870, Georgetown. 
 Was sometime House Physician Central Dispensary. Dropped from 
 membership 1879. Removed to Chicago, 111. 
 
 341. HENRY A. DUNCANSON— Born March 4, 1847, D. C. Ph. B., 
 1866, (?) M. D., 1870, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. Army. Died 
 Jan. 28, 1878, at Las Cruces, N. M. Son of John A. M. Duncanson, one 
 of the early settlers of the District of Columbia. Educated at Colum- 
 bian College. After graduation in medicine practiced in Washington. 
 After being appointed Acting Asst. Surgeon he set out for his post of 
 duty, but died on the way. Member of Med. Assn., D. C. Buried in 
 Washington. See Trans. A. M. A., 1878, XXIX, p. 640 ; Minutes Med. 
 Society, Feb. 6, 1878. 
 
 342. DAVID HENRY HAZEN— Born Aug. 10, 1846, Upper Mt. 
 Bethel, Northampton Co., Pa. M. D., 1873, Georgetown. Acting Asst. 
 Surg., U. S. A. Dropped from membership 1880. Reelected April 15, 
 1903. Died of diabetes Nov. 6, 1906. Buried at his birthplace. Son of 
 David B. and Susan Depue Hazen. Educated in the public schools of 
 his native place, and Belvidere Academy, Belvidere, N. J. Taught 
 school at Upper Nazareth, Pa., and in Oxford Township, N. J. Came to 
 Washington in 1S70. Resident Student at Washington Asylum two 
 years, and also at Naval Hospital. Physician to the Poor, 1873-1876. 
 Sometime Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A., on duty at U. S. Arsenal, Wash- 
 ington, after which he practiced as civil phj'sician. Member Med. Assn., D. 
 C; Amer. Med. Assn., and Board of Education, and Board of Trade, D. C.
 
 „««-iS2fi|5) 
 
 77
 
 78
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 3O5 
 
 Oct. 23, 1878, married Emma Louise Honeyman, daughter of Robert and 
 Margaret Honeyman, of New Jersey. A son, Dr. H. H. Hazen, is now 
 practicing in Washington. See History, City of Washington, 1903, p. 
 448 ; Minutes Med. Society, Nov. 14, 1906 ; Wash. Med. Annals, 1906-7, 
 V, p. 410 ; Georgetown University, II, p. 203. 
 
 OCTOBER 6, 1815 
 
 343. JOHN WALTER— Born Sept. 2, 1844, D. C. M. D., 1868, 
 Georgetown. Died at his wife's funeral, Nov. 17, 1906. Son of John 
 Walter, of Washington, one of the founders of the German Orphan 
 Asylum. After graduation in medicine took post-graduate course in 
 Germany. Was several years Ward Physician, D. C; Prosector of Anat- 
 omy, Georgetown Med. School ; Physician, Central Dispensary, Wash- 
 ington; member Med. Assn., D. C, and Amer. Med. Assn. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, Nov. 21, 1906; Wash. Med. Annals, 1906-7, V, p. 411. 
 
 344. WILLIAM LOVEJOY NAYLOR— Born May 20, 1844, D. C. 
 Educated at Columbian College. M. D., 1,869, Univ. Maryland. Was 
 Ward Physician several years. Died June 3, 1890. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, June 4, 1890. 
 
 345. RICHARD G. MAUSS— Born Aug. 24, 1842, in Germany. M. 
 D., 1872, Georgetown. Was Ward Physician several years. While in 
 delirium from the grippe he shot himself, and died May 2, 1891. See 
 Minutes Med. Society, May 2, 1891. 
 
 346. EDMUND A. ZEVELY— Born Feb. 24, 1845, D, C. M. D., 
 1865, Univ. Penna. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died March i, 1876. 
 See Minutes Med. Society, March 2, 1876. 
 
 APRIL 5, 1876 
 
 347. GEORGE W. OFFUTT— Born in 1851, D. C. M. D., 1874, 
 Georgetown. Died Sept. 13, 1878. See Minutes Med. Society, Sept. 14, 
 1878. 
 
 348. THEODORE MEAD— Born Nov. 19, 1838, Ontario, N. Y. M. 
 D., 1869, Georgetown. Dropped from membership, 1881. Sometime 
 Inspector, Health Department, W^ashington. 
 
 349. CHARLES FRANKLIN RAND— Born Jan. 19, 1839, Batavia, 
 N. Y. M. D., 1873, Georgetown. Died Oct. 14, 1908. Educated in Bata- 
 via. Sometime reporter on New Orleans Picayune. Said to have been 
 the first volunteer in the Union army of the Civil War, No. i in an army 
 
 20
 
 306 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 of 2,777,450 soldiers. In the seven days battle before Richmond, Va., 
 he was shot in the arm and captured; six inches of the humerus were re- 
 sected while he was a prisoner. After recovering he reentered the Army, 
 V. R. Corps, and served till the end of the war. After graduating in 
 medicine he practiced ten years in Batavia, afterwards in Washington. 
 On account of the suffering from his old wound he finally gave up prac- 
 tice and was employed in the Post Office Department at Washington. 
 See Army and Navy Magazine, July, 1906, p. 5 ; Minutes Med. Society, 
 Oct. 14 and 28, 1908; Wash. Med. Annals, 1908-9, VII, p. 386. 
 
 350. JOHN ELY BRACKETT— Born Dec. 31, 1846, Rochester, Ind. 
 M. D., 1870, Columbian; 1873, Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Bavaria. Act- 
 ing Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Dropped from membership, 1881 ; reelected 
 Oct. 3, 1894. Son of Lyman S. and Eliza Ann Rannells Brackett. De- 
 scended paternally from early colonists of New England, and maternally 
 from Virginians. Educated at the public schools and Emerson Insti- 
 tute, Washington, and the Norwalk (Conn.) Academy. After gradua- 
 tion in medicine he practiced for two years at Rochester. 1872 and 1S73 
 were spent in Europe, at Munich, Vienna, London, etc. Since 1S74 has 
 practiced in Washington. Was Resident Student, Washington Asylum 
 Hospital, 1868; House Physician, Providence Hospital, Washington, 1874 
 to 1878; Physician to the Poor, 1874-8; member of Board of Pension Ex- 
 aminers, 1886 to 1890; member Med. Assn., D. C. Served July-August, 
 1864, in the Home Guard, Washington; in 1880-2 was Surgeon, National 
 Guard, Washington ; Acting Asst. Surg., in 1898-9, on U. S. Hospital 
 Ship Missouri, visiting the islands of Porto Rico and Cuba. Married, 
 Nov. 21, 1878, Jeanie Deans Foster, of Fairfax Co., Va. Professor, 1877 
 to 1891, of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and 1891 to 1908, of Prac- 
 tice of Medicine, Med. Dept. Howard University, Washington. See At- 
 kinson's Biog., 1878, p. 366; Lamb's History, p. 123. 
 
 351. AUSTIN BROCKENBROUGH— Born Aug. 4, 1846, Chatham, 
 Westmoreland Co., Va. M. D., 187 1, Columbian. Grandson of Dr. 
 Austin Brockenbrough, of Rappahannock, Va., and son of John Fauntle- 
 roy Brockenbrough, of Chatham. Was a cadet at Virginia Mil. Inst. 
 Was in the Signal Corps and later in the Secret Service, C. S. A. After 
 the Civil War he studied medicine with Dr. Joshua Riley, supra. Began 
 to practice with Dr. Louis Ritchie, supra, in Georgetown ; afterwards 
 was associated with Dr. S. C. Busey, supra; was connected with the Co- 
 lumbia Hospital for Women, Outdoor Physician of the Dispensary; Ward 
 Physician; member of staff of Central Dispensary. Spent two years in 
 Europe, mainly in Paris, attending clinical lectures. Returned to Wash- 
 ington and resumed practice. Removed, in 1878, to Northampton Co., 
 Va., where he has since been practicing.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 3O7 
 
 352. WINFIELD PETER LAWYER— Born Nov. 28, 1848, Stevenson 
 Co., 111. M. D., 1874, Columbian. Dropped from membership, 18S6. 
 Died Aug. 29, 1891, at St. Elizabeth Asylum, D. C. Author of Tables 
 for practical examination of urine, etc. ,^ Washington, 1885. 
 
 OCTOBER 4, 1876 
 
 353. DANIEL JAMES KELLY— Born Sept. 20, 1843, Kilkenny, Ire- 
 land. Graduated, 1863, Stonyhurst College, England. A. M., 1873; M. 
 D., 1875, Georgetown. For many years an Examiner in the U. S. Patent 
 Office, Washington. Resigned from Med. Society, Jan. 20, 1909. Edu- 
 cated at Kilkenny College and at Stonyhurst. Studied chemistry at 
 University College, London, and medicine with Mr, Bradley, F. R. C. S., 
 Manchester, England. Was first assistant in Stonyhurst Observatory. 
 Sometime Prof. Chemistry and Physiology in Georgetown University, 
 and Prof. Chemistry and Toxicology in Georgetown Med. School; mem- 
 ber Med. Assn., D. C. See Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 204. 
 
 354. BENJAMIN BELA ADAMS— Born August 15, 185 1, Havre, 
 France. M. D., 1875, Howard ; 1876, Georgetown. Dropped from 
 membership in 1890. Died Jan. 25, 1897. Son of Rev. Ezra Eastman 
 Adams, the English and American Agent at Havre, during the Crimean 
 War. Attended Freehold (N. J.) Academy, and Crosby's Academy, 
 Nassau, N. H. Taught school at Coleraine, Pa. After graduation prac- 
 ticed medicine in Washington until his death. Married Ella D. Taylor. 
 Had a brother, a physician. Dr. J. O. Adams, of W^ashington. See 
 Lamb's History, p, 144. 
 
 APRIL 4, 1877 
 
 355. GEORGE S. KING— M. D., 1857, Coll. P. and S., N. Y. ; 1S59, 
 N. O. School of Medicine. Removed from D. C. Not known what be- 
 came of him. 
 
 356. WM. MEADE PAGE— Born June 13, 183 1, Millwood, Va. At- 
 tended University Virginia, going thence in 1853 to Univ. Penna., 
 where he graduated M. D., in 1855. Served as Asst. Surgeon and Passed 
 Asst. Surgeon, U. S. Navy. Surgeon, C. S. Navy, and also served in C. 
 S. Cavalry, 1861-5. Married in 1865 ; was a farmer in Virginia for 
 some years ; was in Washington in 1876-7, and for some time in charge 
 of the Smallpox Hospital. Resigned from Med. Society, Oct. 3, 1877. 
 Went to California and practiced medicine there till 1900. Returned to 
 Virginia and died in Fauquier Co., May 8, 1906.
 
 308 MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 APRIL 3, 1878 
 
 357. CLAYTON AUGUSTUS HOOVER— Born Feb. 25, 1853, D. C. 
 M. D., 1875, Columbian. Removed in 1880 to Montpelier, Idaho. Local 
 Surgeon to Union Pacific and Oregon Short Line R. R., 1882-1905; since 
 July 5, 1905, Medical Supt. of Idaho State Insane Asylum, Blackfoot, 
 Idaho. 
 
 3.58. HAMILTON E. LEACH— Born March 10, 1850, D. C. M. D., 
 1872, Georgetown. Died of tuberculosis, May 9, 1893. After graduation 
 he practiced in Washington. He is best remembered as an efficient or- 
 ganizer and chief of Hospital Committee during the Grand Army En- 
 campment, Washington, 1892. See Minutes Med. Society, May 10, 1893; 
 Nat. Med. Review, 1S93-4, II, p. 49. 
 
 APRIL 2, 1879 
 
 359. SWAN MOSES BURNETT— Born March 16, 1847, Newmarket, 
 Tenn. M. D., 1870, Bellevue ; Ph. D., 1890, Georgetown. Died Jan. 18, 
 1906. After graduation in medicine practiced in Knoxville, Tenn., until 
 he removed to Washington, in 1876. Prof. Ophthalmology and Otolog}', 
 Georgetown Univ., from 1879; President Attending Staff Central Dispen- 
 sary and Emergency Hospital; member of staff of Children's and Provi- 
 dence Hospitals; member Washington Academy Sciences and Philosoph- 
 ical and Anthropological Societies, Washington. Said to have been the 
 first to introduce Japanese art into this countr}\ Married Miss Frances 
 Eliza Hodgson, the authoress. They were divorced; he afterward married 
 Miss Margaret Brady, of Washington. Author of Translation of Lan- 
 dolt's manuel d'ophthalmoscopie, Philadelphia, 1879 ; Diseases of con- 
 junctiva and sclera, Norris and Oliver's System of Diseases of Ej^e, Phil- 
 adelphia, 1898; Principles of refraction, Philadelphia, 1904. See also J. 
 S. Billings, National Medical Dictionar)', Philadelphia, 1890; E. Landolt, 
 The introduction of the metrical system into ophthalmology, London, 
 1S76. See Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 187; Who's Who in America; 
 Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908 ; Minutes Med. Society, Jan. 24, 
 1906; Wash. Med. Annals, 1906-7, V, p. 57; Georgetown University, II, 
 P- 95- 
 
 SfiO. WALTER SCOTT WELLS-M. D., 1854, Univ. City New York. 
 Editor of Summary of Medical Science, 1861 ; also Editor National 
 Medical Review, Washington, 1878-9. Author of Epitome of Braith- 
 waite's Retrospect, etc., 2 Vols., N. Y., i860. Removed, 1881, to N. Y. 
 City, where he died March 4, 1897. Was member of N. Y. Co. Med. 
 Assn.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 3O9 
 
 301. WILLIAM LAUCK HUDSON— Born July 20, 1850, Luray, Va. 
 M. D., 1874, Louisville Med. College. Removed, 18S1, from D. C, to 
 Luray, where he practices medicine and was sometime Coroner. 
 
 362. HARRY CRECY YARROW— Born Nov. 19, 1840, Philadelphia, 
 Pa. M. D., 1861, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg., 5th Pa. Cavalry. Acting 
 Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A. Son of John and Caroline Crecy Yarrow. Edu- 
 cated at private schools in Philadelphia, and Geneva, Switzerland. Stud- 
 ied medicine with Drs. J. L. Ludlow and J. J. Woodward, Philadelphia. 
 Was Med. Examiner of Recruits from April to July, 1861. Served with 
 5th Penna. Cavalry till Jan., 1862. Afterwards Executive Officer in Mil- 
 itary Hospital, Philadelphia. In 1866, served with troops at Atlanta, 
 Ga., and Tybee Island, Ga., during a cholera epidemic, and in 1867, in 
 a similar epidemic in New York Harbor. In 1872-6 was Surgeon and 
 Naturalist in the Wheeler exploring expedition. On duty in 1876 at the 
 Exposition in Philadelphia. 1877-1888 on duty at Army Med. Museum, 
 Surgeon General's Library and Soldiers' Home Hospital, Washington, 
 1888-1893 at the Army Dispensary, Washington. Has also been connected 
 with U. S. National Museum, Washington, 1872-80. Member of Med. 
 Assn., D. C; Amer. Med. Assn.; Anthropolog. and Philosoph. Societies, 
 Washington ; N. Y. Society Natural History ; Amer. Assn. Adv. Science; 
 Zoological Society, London, etc. Professor Dermatology, George Wash- 
 ington Univ. Med. Dept., and Consulting Surgeon to several hospitals. 
 Married, April 10, 1862, Miss Anna Provand Dryburgh, Philadelphia. 
 Author of Introduction to the study of mortuary customs among the 
 North American Indians, Washington, 1880. See also Report of Geolog- 
 ical Surveys, 1879 I Reference handbook medical sciences ; Proceedings 
 U. S. Nat. Museum ; also publications of Coues, Henshaw and Roth- 
 rock ; and Billings Nat. Med. Diet., 1890. See Appleton's Biog., 1889, 
 VI, p. 638 ; Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 705 ; Who's Who in America ; Wat- 
 son's Biog., 1896, p, 683; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 363. JOHN HARRY THOMPSON, Jr.— Son of Dr. J. H. Thompson, 
 supra. Born June i, 1852, London, England. M. D., 1875, Georgetown; 
 1877, College Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Removed, 1882, to 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 364. HENRY DAVIDSON FRY— Born April 11, 1853, Richmond, 
 Va. M. D., 1876, Univ. Maryland. Of English descent; among his an- 
 cestors was Col. Joshua Fry, of the Virginia Colonial period. Dr, Fry 
 was the son of Hugh Walker Fry, Jr., of Richmond, and Mary L. David- 
 son, daughter of John Davidson, of Georgetown, D. C. Educated in 
 Richmond and Washington. After graduating in medicine was Interne 
 in Jersey City Charity Hospital. Since 1878 has practiced in Washing-
 
 3IO MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 ton ; for fourteen years was associated with Dr. W. W. Johnston, supra. 
 In 1890 spent some time in European hospitals ; in 1890, also, he did the 
 first successful Ciesarean operation in this District; he also did the first 
 successful symphysiotomy in the District. Prof. Obstetrics, Georgetown 
 Med. School ; Attending Gynecologist and Obstetrician at Garfield Hos- 
 pital ; sometime Obstetrician to Columbia Hospital for Women ; some- 
 time President Washington Obstet. and Gynecolog. Society ; member of 
 local and national medical societies ; Vice-President Amer. Gynecolog. 
 Society, 1904. Author of Maternity, Washington, 1907. See History 
 City of Washington, 1903, p. 431 ; Who's Who in America; Amer. Biog. 
 Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 OCTOBER 8, 18*39 
 
 365. FRANCK HYATT— Born March 28, 1851, Bladensburg, Md. M. 
 D., 1872, Univ. Maryland. Member Amer. Laryngological Society, and 
 Med. Assn., D. C. 
 
 36(). WILLIAM OCTAVIUS EVERSFIELD— Born Nov. 4, 1840, 
 College Park, Md. M. D., i860, Univ. Va.; 1861, Univ. Penna. Acting 
 Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Removed, 1880, to Branchville, Md. Died Jan. 
 20, 1908, at College Park, from influenza. Educated at Edge Hill School, 
 Princeton, N. J., and St. John's College, Annapolis, Md. Attended 
 Agnew's School of Surgery, Philadelphia; was Surgeon at Blockley and 
 U. S. Military Hospitals, Philadelphia; Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 
 during Civil War; Surgeon, Panama Railroad, 1866-7; Surgeon, Pacific 
 Mail S. S. Co. Removed to Washington about 1878. Ex-President Med. 
 Assn., Prince George Co., Md. Was in Panama during an epidemic of 
 yellow fever ; contracted the disease and, after recovery, returned to 
 Maryland. See Maryland Med. Jour., 190S, LI, p. 439. 
 
 APRIL 1, 1880 
 
 367. STEPHEN OLIN RICHEY— Born April 12, 1849, Woodstock, 
 Va. M. D., 1876, Chicago Med. College. Son of Rev. Francis Hartman 
 and Eliza Jones Richey. Educated at private school and by tutors. 
 Taught sometime a country school and read law. Studied medicine 
 with Dr. Nicholas Brewer, of Dawsonville, Md. Asst. Aural Surgeon to 
 several hospitals in Chicago, 1876-8. Since 1878 has practiced ophthal- 
 mology and otology in Washington ; sometime Ophthalmic and Aural 
 Surgeon, Providence Hospital ; member Amer. Med. Assn.; Amer. Oph- 
 thalmolog. Society; American Otolog. Society; Washington Biolog. So- 
 ciety ; Congress Amer. Phys. and Surgeons since 1888 ; International 
 Med. Congress ; Amer. Public Health Association ; Washington Philo-
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 3II 
 
 sophical Society. Married, in 1878, Miss Sarah R. White, who died the 
 following year. In 1884 married Mina, daughter of Hon. Montgomery 
 Blair, and granddaughter of Francis Preston Blair. See Watson's Biog., 
 1896, p. 387. 
 
 368. ETHELBERT CARROLL MORGAN— Born Feb. 10, 1856, D. 
 C. Son of Dr. J. E. Morgan, supra ; brother of Dr. J. D. Morgan, infra. 
 A. B., 1874, Gonzaga, D. C. ; M. D., 1877, Univ. Penna. ; Ph. D., 1889, 
 Georgetown. President, 1888, Amer. Laryngolog. Association. Died 
 May 5, 1891. In childhood he showed a decidedly mechanical turn. 
 After graduating in medicine spent some months in Vienna, Paris and 
 London, in laryngological study. Began to practice in Washington in 
 1879. Sometime Prof. Laryngology, Georgetown Med. School ; member 
 of many medical organizations. See Minutes Med. Society, May 7, 1891 ; 
 Trans. Amer. Laryngological Assn., 1891 (1892), XIII, p. 147; Busey's 
 Reminiscences, p. 197; Georgetown University, II, p. 121. 
 
 369. FREDERICK C. VAN VLIET— M. D., 1876, Univ. Vermont. 
 Resigned Oct. 25, 1882. Removed, 1883, to Red Bank, N. J. 
 
 370. HARRISON CROOK— Born April 13, 1850, Prince George Co., 
 Md. M. D., 1878, Georgetown. 
 
 371. LACHLAN TYLER— Son of John Tyler, President of the 
 United vStates. Born Dec. 7, 1851, Charles City County, Va. M. D., 
 1876, Coll. Phys. and Surg., N. Y. Removed, Nov. 23, 1888, to Elkhorn, 
 W. Va., to become Surgeon of a mining company. Afterward to N. 
 Y. City, where he died Jan. 27, 1902. One of the founders of 
 Eastern Dispensary, Washington ; Attending Physician, Protestant 
 Orphan Asylum. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Amer. Med. Assn.; 
 Wash. Obstet. and Gynecolog. Society. Examining Surgeon for Pen- 
 sions ; Deputy Coroner, D. C. 
 
 372. HENRY M ARTEL NEWMAN— Son of Dr. W. G. H. Newman, 
 supra. Born Aug. 19, 1856, D. C. M. D., 1876, Georgetown. Dropped, 
 1886, from membership ; reelected April 3, 1895. Educated at Rock 
 Hill College, Md., and Spencerian Business College, Washington. 
 Sometime Physician to the Poor, D. C; Attending, afterwards Consult- 
 ing Physician, Providence Hospital ; Attending Physician, St. Ann's 
 Infant Asylum. Member Med. Assn., D. C. and Amer. Med. Assn. 
 
 OCTOBER 13, 1880 
 
 373. SAMUEL SHUGERT ADAMS— Born July 12, 1853, D. C. A. 
 B., 1875; A. M., 1878, Univ. West Va.; M. D., 1879, Georgetown. Presi- 
 dent, 1900-1, Med. Assn., D. C; sometime President Amer. Pediatric So-
 
 312 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 ciety. Son of George Roszell and Mary Ann Adams. Since graduation in 
 medicine has practiced in Washington. Has lectured in the medical 
 schools of Georgetown Universitj', National University and Columbian 
 University, and at present holds the Chair of Theory and Practice of 
 Medicine and Diseases of Children in Georgetown University. Attending 
 Physician, Children's Hospital and Garfield Memorial Hospital ; Consult- 
 ing Physician, Sibley Hospital, Georgetown University Hospital, Wash- 
 ington Hospital for Foundlings and Woman's Hospital and Dispen- 
 sary. Member of Congress of Amer. Phj'sicians; Amer. Pediat. Society; 
 Amer. Med. Assn. and Med. Assn., D. C; Wash. Obstet. and Gynecolog. 
 Society; W^ashington Acad. Sciences. Married, April 30, 1890, Lida 
 Winslow HoUister. Author of Evolution of pediatric literature in U. S., 
 Washington, 1897. See Med. Mirror, St. Louis, 1893, IV, p. 380; Who's 
 Who in America ; American Men of Science, 1906; Amer. Biog. Direct., 
 1908. 
 
 374. THOMAS HENRY TROTT— Born Oct. i, 1843, D. C. M. D., 
 1867, Georgetown ; 1869, Bellevue. Resident Physician, Providence 
 Hospital. Member Med. Assn., D. C. Died April 23, 1S96. See Min- 
 utes Med. Society, April 29 and May 6, 1896. 
 
 375. THOMAS EUGENE McARDLE— Born April 12, 1852, D. C. 
 A. B., 1874; A. M., 1879, St. Mary's University, Baltimore. M. D., 
 1879, Georgetown. Co-editor of National Medical Review. Son of 
 Owen and Ann Toumey McArdle. After graduation in medicine, 
 practiced in Washington. Married, June 14, 1888, Marion V. Thompson, 
 daughter of Dr. J. Ford Thompson, supra. Was Asst. Editor, Washington 
 Retrospect, 1880 ; Co-editor and Publisher, National Medical Review 
 from 1898. Member Washington Acad. Sciences; Med. Assn. D. C; 
 Amer. Med. Assn.; Medalist, Georgetown Med. School. See Who's 
 Who in America ; Amer. Biog. Directory, Washington, 1908. 
 
 APRIL 6, 1881 
 
 376. GEORGE WYTHE COOK— Born at Front Royal, Va., Oct. 28, 
 1846. [Son of Giles Cook (a distinguished lawyer of the Valley of Vir- 
 ginia) and Elizabeth (Van Meter Lane) Cook. Descended on paternal 
 side from Mordecai Cooke, who came from England and settled at 
 " Mordecai's Mount," Gloucester Co., Va., in 1650. His maternal progen- 
 itors emigrated from Holland and settled in Ulster Co., New York, in 
 1662. The Van Meters became large land owners in New Jersey, Penn- 
 sylvania, Maryland and the Valley of Virginia.] Educated at the Front 
 Royal Academy. Served in the 7th Virginia Cavalry, C. S. A.; severely 
 wounded at the battle of Hawe's Shop, Hanover Co., Va., May 28, 1864.
 
 79
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 3I3 
 
 Graduated from Med. Dept., Univ. Maryland, 1869, and was an Interne 
 in the Hospital of that University. Began practice at Front Royal, and 
 after two and a half years removed to Upperville, Fauquier Co., Va., 
 where he continued practice for seven years, removing to Washington in 
 1878. In 1890, received the degree of LL. D. from the National Univer- 
 sity, in the medical department of which institution he was formerly 
 Professor of Physiology. Was Attending Physician to George Washing- 
 ton Univ. Hospital; Physician to Washington Home for Incurables; 
 President Board of Med. Examiners, D. C; Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 
 stationed at Washington during the Spanish-American war. Is Professor 
 Clin. Med., George Washington University ; Attending Physician Gar- 
 field Memorial Ho.spital ; Physician to Louise Home ; Consulting Physi- 
 cian, Government Hospital for Insane ; Consulting Physician, Episcopal 
 Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital ; Treasurer, U. S. Pharmacopoeial Conven- 
 tion ; member Amer. Med. Association ; of Medical Association, D. C, 
 President, 1897-8, Chairman of its Board of Counsellors and its Delegate to 
 the Amer. Med. Association ; member Washington Obstet. and Gyneco- 
 log. Society, President, 1902-3 (two terms). Corresponding Secretary, 
 1887-91, and Recording Secretary, 1891-6 ; Association Military Surgeons 
 of United States ; Washington Academy of Sciences. Honorary member 
 Clinico-Patholog. Society. Author of a number of medical papers and 
 monographs published in various current medical journals. Member 
 Medical History Club. See Report on typhoid fever, Med. Society, 1894. 
 In 1877, married Rebecca Lloyd, daughter of Richard Lloyd, Esq., of 
 Alexandria Co., Va. Has one son. Dr. Richard Lloyd Cook, infra. See 
 Who's Who in America ; National Medical Review, 1892-3, I, p. 184 ; 
 Univ. Maryland, Cordell, p. 337 ; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 377. ORLANDO CRISMAN KETCHAM— Born Jan. 30, 1839. North- 
 umberland, Co., Pa. M. D., 1871, Georgetown. Dropped, 1886, from 
 membership. Sometime Physician to the Poor, D. C; afterwards clerk 
 in the departmental service. Member Med. Assn., D. C. Died July 30, 
 1892, in D. C. 
 
 NOVEMBER 2, 1881 
 
 378. ALEXANDER MILLER STOUT— Born July 26, 1853, Louis- 
 ville, Ky. M. D., 1880, Georgetown. Removed, 1882, to Chicago, 111. 
 
 379. BENJAMIN GEORGE POOL— Born Aug. 24, 1854, Fairfax 
 County, Va. M. D., 1879, Columbian. Sometime Inspector, Health 
 OflBce, D. C. Co-editor, Washington Med. Annals. 
 
 380. HORATIO RIPLEY BIGELOW— Born June 18, 1844, Boston, 
 Mass. Lieut., U. S. Marine Corps. M. D., 1879, Columbian. Removed, 
 about 1883, to Philadelphia. Sometime U. S. Consul, Rouen, France.
 
 314 MEDICAl, SOCIETY 
 
 Died Feb. 20, 1909, in D. C. Buried at Boston, Mass. Author of 
 Hydrophobia, Philadelphia, 1881 ; Gynecological electro-therapeutics, 
 London, 1889; also German translation, 1890; Plain talks on electricity 
 and batteries, etc., Philadelphia, 1891. See also. International system of 
 electro-therapeutics, Philadelphia, 1894 and 1901. 
 
 APRIL 12, 1882 
 
 381. FRANCIS BOOTT LORING— Born July 18, 1850, Boston, Mass. 
 M. D., 1874, Harvard. Member Amer. Ophthalmol. Society; Amer. Oto- 
 log. Society; Internat. Ophthalmol. Society; Pan-American Ophthalmol, 
 and Otolog. Society ; Amer. Med. Association. Late Professor Diseases 
 Eye and Ear, National Med. College, Washington ; Surgeon in charge 
 Washington Eye and Ear Infirmary ; late on staff New York Eye and 
 Ear Infirmary. Ophthalmic Surgeon, Providence Hospital ; Ophthalmic 
 and Aural Surgeon, Children's Hospital; Ophthalmic Surgeon, St. Ann's 
 Infant Asylum ; U. S. Expert in Guiteau and Star Route cases ; Con- 
 sulting Surgeon, Diseases of Eye and Ear, to Woman's Dispensary. 
 Member Med. Assn., D. C; Alternate Delegate to Congress of American 
 Physicians and Surgeons. See E. G. Loring's Text Book of Ophthalmol- 
 ogy, N. Y., 1891. 
 
 382. WILLIAM NICHOLSON— Born May 16, 1853, Camden, Ark. 
 M. D., 1879, Columbian. Removed, 1886, to Massachusetts, where he 
 died Oct. 3, 1896. Sometime Ophthalmic Surgeon, St. Ann's Infant 
 Asylum, Washington; member Med. Assn., D. C. 
 
 383. GEORGE NICHOLAS ACKER— Born Oct. 5, 1S52, D. C. A. B., 
 1872; A. M., 1875, Pennsylvania College, Gettj-sburg ; M. D., 1874, Co- 
 lumbian ; 1877, Univ. Berlin. President, 1902-3, Med. Assn., D. C. Son 
 of Nicholas Acker, of Washington. Since graduation in medicine has 
 practiced in Washington. Clinical Professor of Medicine and Diseases 
 of Children, Columbian Med. College; member Med. Association, D. C; 
 President Gynecolog. and Obstet. Society, D. C. ; member Amer. Med. 
 Assn.; Amer. Pediatric Society; Amer. Microscop. Society; Washington 
 Acad. Sciences; Anthropolog. Society, Washington. See Who's Who in 
 America. 
 
 384. WM. VINCENT MARMION— Born May 27, 1843, Harper's 
 Ferry, Va. A. B., 1859, Emmettsburg, Md. A. M., 1883, Georgetown ; 
 M. D., 1866, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg, and Passed Asst. Surg., U. S. 
 Navy, , 1866-71. Dropped, 1902, from membership in Med. Society. 
 Pursued the study of medicine sometime at the Univ. Vienna. Began
 
 DISTRICT OF COt,UMBIA 315 
 
 practice in Washington in 1872 ; specialty, ophthalmology. For many 
 years Ophthalmic Surgeon, Children's Hospital, Washington. See 
 Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 312 ; Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 315. 
 
 OCTOBER 4, 1882 
 
 385. ADOLPH AUGUST HOEHLING— Born March 5, 1839, Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. M. p., i860, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surgeon, Surgeon and 
 Med. Inspector, U. S. Navy. Resigned from Med. Society, Nov. 17, 
 1896. See Hamersly's Officers of Navy, p. 257. 
 
 38(;. WILLIAM FRANCIS BYRNS— Born Aug. 6, 1847, Bolton, 
 Mass. A. B., 1868, A. M., 1890, Holy Cross College, Worcester, Mass. 
 M. D., 1873, Georgetown. Son of Jeremiah and Catherine Murray 
 Byrns. Educated in public schools. Came to Washington about 1872. 
 Practiced in Manchester, N. H., 1874 to 1878 ; member of School Board, 
 and N. H. Med. Society. Returned to Washington in 1878, since which 
 has practiced here. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Amer. Med. Assn. 
 Married Miss Anna R. French ; afterwards Mrs. Mary A. Berry. See 
 Georgetown University, II, p. 200. 
 
 387. JAMES CLARK BIRD— Born July i, 1828, Delaware. A. B., 
 1849; A. M., 1852, Delaware College, Newark, Del. M. D., 1853, 
 Univ. Penna. Dropped from membership 1885 ; reelected April 7, 
 1886. Member Med. Assn., D. C. Died Dec. 5, 1904. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, Dec. 7 and 14, 1904; Wash. Med. Annals, 1904-5, III, 
 p. 454. 
 
 OCTOBER 3, 1883 
 
 888. HENRY LOWRY EMILIUS JOHNSON— Born Nov. 11, 1858, 
 D. C. M. D., 1882, Columbian. President, 1901-2, Med. Assn., D. C. 
 Trustee, Amer. Med. Assn. Son of Henry L. and Emily E. Johnson ; 
 nephew of Charles Goodjear, patentee of India rubber. Since grad. 
 nation in medicine, Dr. Johnson has practiced in Washington. Some- 
 time Prof. Gynecology, Med. Dept., Columbian University, D. C. ; 
 connected with various hospitals. Vice President, International Execu- 
 tive Commission, Third Pan-American Med. Congress ; Chairman, Com- 
 mittee on National Legislation, Amer. Med. Association ; member 
 Amer. Therapeutic Society ; Vice President Pan-American Medical 
 Congress ; Vice President First, Second and Third International Sanitary 
 Conventions of American Republics. Member Chicago, 111., Med. 
 Society ; Deputy Governor Society Colonial Wars ; member Society 
 Descendants Colonial Wars. Married Miss Eugenie Reel Taylor, of St.
 
 31 6 MEDICAI^ SOCIETY 
 
 Louis, Mo. See Who's Who in America ; Amer. Biog. Direct., Wash- 
 ington, 1908 ; Genealogy of the Goodyear family ; Americans of gentle 
 birth and their ancestors. 
 
 389. JOSIAH ROBSON BROMWELL— Born Sept. 10, 1843, Freder- 
 ick Co., Md. M. D., 1871, Univ. Maryland. 
 
 390. GEORGE BYRD HARRISON— Born Aug. 30, 1844, Ampthill, 
 Cumberland Co., Va. M. D., 1879, Univ. Va. President, 1894-5, Med. 
 Assn., D. C. Died July 19, 1898, Cape May, N. J. Son of Wm. Byrd 
 Harrison, of "Brandon," on the James River, Va., and Mary Randolph 
 Harrison, of "Clifton," Cumberland Co., Va. Educated under private 
 tutors, at William and Mary College, Williamsburg, and Washington 
 College, Va. Served in the C. S. A., 1863-5, after which he farmed for 
 awhile. After graduation in medicine he attended the College of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons and Univ. City of New York, and private courses. 
 Began practice in Washington in 1880. Member Washington Obstet. 
 and Gynecolog. Society, for two years its president ; one of the founders 
 of the Med. and Surg. Society, Washington, and of the Eastern Dispen- 
 sary ; Physician to Garfield Memorial Hospital ; member of staff and 
 Board of Directors, Central Dispensary and Emergency Hospital ; Physi- 
 cian to Washington City Orphan Asylum from 1882 till his death; Physi- 
 cian to Epiphan}' Church Home ; Professor of Diseases of Children, 
 Columbian Med. College ; member of Faculty of Washington Training 
 School for Nurses. Nov. 22, 1876, married Jeannie L. Stone (daughter 
 of Dr. R. K. Stone, supra, and Margaret Ritchie Stone). See Trans. 
 Med. Society, IH, 1898, p. 129; Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 5 and 12, 
 1898; Nat. Med. Review, 1898-9, VIII, p. 335. 
 
 391. JOHN LLEWELLIN ELIOT— Son of Dr. Johnson Eliot, supra. 
 Born Aug. 2, 1853, D- C. A. M., 1869, Rock Hill College, Md. Hospi- 
 tal Steward, U. S. A., 187 1-4. M. D., 1874, Georgetown. President, 
 1893-4, Med. Assn., D. C. His mother was Mary John Llewellin. He 
 was educated at Gonzaga College, Washington. While studying medi- 
 cine he also attended the Georgetown School of Pharmacy ; was drug 
 clerk, 1870-1. Resident Ph5-sician, Washington Asylum; Assistant Phy- 
 sician, Central Dispensary ; Surgeon at Casualty Hospital ; Physician to 
 St. Ann's Infant Asylum ; Consultant at Providence Hospital ; Medical 
 Inspector, Health Department, D. C; Resident Physician, in 1882, at 
 Smallpox Hospital, and Physician in charge of same, i894-'o6 ; Clinical 
 Professor of Medicine, sometime Prosector Anat. and Surg., Georgetown 
 Med. College. Member Council of Pathology, 9th Internat. Med. Con- 
 gress ; Pan-Amer. Congress: Wash. Pharm. Assn.; member Med. Assn., 
 D. C. ; Amer. Med. Assn. ; Amer. Public Health Assn. ; Med. and Surg.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 317 
 
 Soc, D. C. ; Med. Society of Georgetown University, and Med. Society 
 of Charles Co., Md. April 15, 1885, married Mary Spruance Lancaster, 
 of Maryland. Author of Historical roster of Med. Association, D. C, 
 Washington, 1899. See Nat. Med. Review, 1893-4, II, p. 39; Amer. Biog. 
 Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 392. IRVING COLLINS ROSSE— Born Oct. 20, 1843, East New- 
 market, Dorchester Co., Md. A. M., 1889, Georgetown ; M. D., 1866, 
 Univ., Maryland. F. R. G. S., England. Cadet at West Point. Acting 
 Asst. Surgeon, U. S. Army. Died May 3, 1901. Descendant of Rev. 
 John Rosse, Rector of All Hallows, Md., and son of Dr. Zadock H. 
 Rosse. Educated at St. John's College, Annapolis, Md. Studied med- 
 icine with Dr. Alexander H. Bayly, Cambridge, Md. After graduation 
 he attended Univ. City of New York and N. Y. Post-Graduate School; also 
 lectures in Edinburgh, London, Paris and Berlin. Was Clinical Assist- 
 ant, Baltimore Infirmary ; Medical Officer, U. S. Army, 1866 to 1874, 
 during which time he served at various posts with cavalry, infantry and 
 artillery; in cholera epidemic at Tybee Island, Ga.; Quarantine Officer 
 at Savannah, Ga., and Brazos and Santiago, Texas ; Post Surgeon at 
 Point Isabel ; served at Artillery School, Fort Monroe, Va., and during 
 the Ku-Klux troubles in North Carolina. In the Surgeon General's 
 Office, Washington, 1870-74, in connection with the preparation of the 
 Med. and Surg. History of the War of the Rebellion ; prepared Circular 
 No. 3, a report of the surgical cases treated in the army of the U. S. from 
 1865 to 1871. Afterwards was Med. Examiner, U. S. Pension Bureau, 
 Washington. Surgeon to Revenue Marine Bureau, 1877 to 1S83. In 
 Africa during the Zulu War, Circumnavigated the coast of the U. S. 
 and the Great Lakes. Made voyages on training ship "Chase," also two 
 polar expeditions on the "Corwin," in search of the exploring yacht 
 " Jeannette ;" was the first to climb Herald Island, and Wrangel Land ; 
 this achievement won recognition from the Royal Geographical Society, 
 England. Was Executive Officer of Red Cross Hospital, Washington, 
 1887 ; juror to Paris Exposition, 1889 ; sometime President of U. S. Ex- 
 amining Board, Washington. Member of Med. Association, D. C. ; 
 Med. Society, D. C; Amer, Med. Association ; the Amer. Congress 
 Physicians and Surgeons ; the Amer. Anthropometric Society ; Amer. 
 Neurolog. Association; Congress International d'Anthropologie Crimi- 
 nelle. Special correspondent of the New York Herald, Chicago Times 
 and San Francisco Examiner. Contributed to Appleton's Cyclopedia, 
 Reference Handbook Medical Sciences, and Witthaus' Med. Jurispru- 
 dence. A number of his contributions have been translated and pub- 
 lished abroad. He had a record as an all round athlete. Was Prof, of 
 Nervous Diseases, Med. Dept. Georgetown University, which was the 
 specialty that he practiced. Married Miss Florence James, daughter of
 
 3l8 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Horace James, of New York. See ivfinutes Med. Society, May 8 and 22, 
 1901 ; Trans. Med. Society, 1901, VI, p. 165; Atkinson's Biog., 1880, p. 
 II, Supplement; Georgetown University, II, p. 100; Stone's Biog., 
 1894, p. 433- 
 
 [The catalogue of 1885 contains the name of J. H. Baxter, as elected 
 in 1883. There is no record of his nomination or election, nor of any fee 
 paid to the Treasurer. Nor did he sign the constitution. The name is 
 therefore omitted from this list.] 
 
 APRIL 2, 1S84 
 
 393. LEON IvEIGH FRIEDERICH— Born Sept. 3, 1857, D. C. M. 
 D., 1881, Columbian. Resident Physician, Providence Hospital ; Hosp. 
 Assistant, Central Dispensary. 
 
 APRIL 9, 1884 
 
 394. THOMAS TAYLOR— Born April 22, 1820, Perth, Scotland. M. 
 D., 1882, Georgetown. Son of Thomas and Anne Kennedy Taylor. Ed- 
 ucated in Scotland, including a scientific course at Anderson University, 
 Glasgow, 1835-8, special studies in chemistry, frictional electricity, gal- 
 vanism, etc. Invented the first interleaved electric condenser, as im- 
 provement on Leyden jar, 1841 ; pneumatic battery for igniting explo- 
 sives for mining and blasting, 1S50 ; safety lamp for coal mines ; rotary 
 galvanic battery. Came to U. S. in 185 1. Demonstrated that electricity 
 could be transmitted across sea to given point without wires ; became 
 connected with Ordnance Dept., U. S. A. ; had charge of rifle-shell 
 branch, Washington Arsenal, during Civil War ; invented improved rifle 
 projectiles. Invented and patented rubber to supersede wax molds for 
 plate work. Studied and became specialist on fungoid diseases of plants. 
 Was Chief of Division of Microscopy, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, 1871-95 ; 
 Fellow A. A. A. S. ; Hon. member Micros. Sect. Royal Institute, Liver- 
 pool, England, and International Med. Society of Hygiene, Brussels ; 
 member Amer. Chemical Society and French Chemical Society. One of 
 the founders of Washington Chemical and Biolog. Societies. Author of 
 Food products, Washington, 1S93-4; Student's handbook, mushrooms of 
 America, edible and poisonous, Washington, 1897-8 ; The diseases of 
 plants ; Edible and poisonous mushrooms, U. S. Jan. 4, 1909, Dr. Tay- 
 lor's dues were remitted for the rest of his life. See Who's Who in 
 America; Amer. Biog. Directory, Washington, 1908. 
 
 395. WILLIAM WARD— Born Sept. 15, 1842, Prince George Co., 
 Md. M, D., 1871, Georgetown. Dropped from membership, 1905. Died 
 April 19, 1909. Educated in the county schools. During the Civil War
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 319 
 
 served in Breathet's Battery, C. S. A. ; afterwards in Stuart's Artillery. 
 Married Miss Anna J. Webb, daughter of Joseph Warren Webb, of Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 396. JOHN BROWN HAMILTON— Born Dec. i, 1847, Jersey Co., 
 111. M. D., i86y, Rush. Asst. Surg., U. S. A.; Asst. Surgeon, Surgeon 
 and Supervising Surgeon General, U. S. M. H. S. Died Dec. 24, 1898, 
 of perforation of intestines. Editor Jour. Amer. Med. Association. He 
 spent his early life on the farm, in a village printing office and in a drug 
 store. Served in the Union Army, 1864-5. After graduation in medicine 
 he served again till 1876, when he entered the U. S. Marine Hospital 
 Service, becoming finally Supervising Surgeon General. Was also Prof, 
 of Surgery, Med. Dept. Georgetown University. In 1892 he resigned as 
 Surgeon General of the Marine Hospital Service and removed to Chi- 
 cago, becoming Prof, of Surgery in Rush Medical College ; was also 
 connected with the hospitals. He became also editor of the Journal A. 
 M. A. In 1896, resigned from the Marine Hospital Service. In 1896-7, 
 was Supt. Northern Illinois Hosp. for Insane. He is said to have been 
 the first to make visual examinations of pilots and the first physical ex- 
 amination of seamen preliminary to shipment ; was largely instrumental 
 in the passage of the national quarantine acts, and it is said that he had 
 the largest private surgical library west of the Alleghenies. Sometime 
 Lecturer on Surgery, Columbian Med. College ; Surgeon to Providence 
 Hosp. and St. Ann's Infant Asylum. Author of Lessons in longevity, 
 Washington, 1884 ; Lectures on tumors, delivered 1891, Philadelphia, 
 1898; Surgery of the lymphatic system, in Warren and Gould's interna- 
 tional text book of surgery, Philadelphia, 1899. See also Mansell-Mou- 
 lin's Surgery, Philadelphia, 1893, 1895. See Powell's History, p. 351 ; 
 Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 196; 20th Century Biog. Diet.; Med. Record, N. 
 Y., 1898, LIV, p. 956; N. Y. Med. Jour., 1898, LXVIII, p. 968; Virginia 
 Med. Semi-Monthly, 1899-1900, IV, p. 293 ; Jour. A. M. A., 1898, XXX, 
 
 P- 1575- 
 
 OCTOBER 8, 1884 
 
 307. JOHN HODGES MUNDELL— Born Aug. 29, 1827, Upper Marl- 
 boro, Md. M. D., 1S49, Univ. Maryland. Died May 12, 1900. Edu- 
 cated at Rockville, Md. Academy. Studied medicine with Dr. Henry 
 Brooke, Marlboro. Practiced in Upper Marlboro five years; in Washington 
 from 1871 till his death. Married Miss Louise Mulliken. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, May 16 and June 6, 1900; National Med. Review, 1900-1, 
 X, p. 383; Trans. Med. Society, 1900, V, p. 127. 
 
 398. LEROY M. TAYLOR— Born 1838, N. Y. M. D., i860, George- 
 town. Druggist. Asst. Surgeon 4th Texas Mounted Troops, C. S. A. 
 Resigned from Med. Society, Nov. 25, 1896. Died Sept. 27, 1904.
 
 [20 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 APRIL 1, 1885 
 
 399. RAYMOND THOMAS HOLDEN— Born April 23, i860, D. C. 
 M, D., 1881, Georgetown. Son of Thomas and Catherine Gleeson Hol- 
 den. Member Med. Association, D. C, and Clinico-Patholog. Society. 
 Married, Oct. 7, 1896, Celeste Selma Moritz. See Georgetown Univer- 
 sity, II, p. 222. 
 
 400. CHARLES MASSEY HAMMETT— Born Aug. 4, 1835, St. Mary's 
 Co., Md. M. D., 1856, Georgetown. Father of Dr. C. M. Hammett, 
 itifra; brother of Dr. Whit. Hammett, D. D. S., of Washington. Health 
 Ofl&cer, 1891-4, and Coroner, 1894-7, D. C. Died Nov. 22, 1898. Son of 
 Robert Hammett, of England, and of the daughter of Governor Blacki- 
 stone, of Maryland. Educated at Charlotte Hall, Md. Married Miss Julia 
 Maddox, of St. Mary's Co., Md. See Minutes Med. Society, Nov. 23 
 and 30, 1898 ; Trans. Med. Society, 1898, III, p. 173; Nat. Med. Review, 
 1898-9, VIII, p. 435; Georgetown University, II, p. 166. 
 
 401. GEORGE WILLIAM WEST— Born Jan. 18, 1845, Buckingham 
 County, Va. M. D., 1868, Richmond Med. Coll. Died of sunstroke, 
 July 23, 1901. Son of John S. West, whose ancestors settled in Virginia 
 in 1609. Was educated at Buckingham College. Served in the C. S. 
 Army, 1862-5, and for some months was prisoner of war at Point Look- 
 out, Md. After graduating in medicine he attended lectures for several 
 years in London and Paris, giving especial attention to diseases of the eye. 
 On his return home was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy, Richmond 
 Med. College. Was charter member of Richmond Med. Society; member 
 Virginia State Med. Society and Association. In 1S77, married Blanche 
 Claughton, daughter of H. O. Claughton, Esq., of Washington. In 
 1882 removed to Washington, where he afterward practiced until his 
 death. One of the founders of the Med. Dept. National University, and 
 many years Prof. Anatomy there. Member A. M. A. and Assn. Amer. 
 Anatomists. See minutes Med. Society, Oct. 2, 1901 ; Trans. Med. 
 Society, 1901, VI, p. 229 ; Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 494. 
 
 402. THOMAS VICTOR HAMMOND— Born Feb. 28, 1861, Berlin, 
 Md. M. D., 1882, Jefferson. Resident Physician, afterwards Consulting 
 Physician, Providence Hospital, Washington. 
 
 OCTOBER 7, 1885 
 
 403. LOUIS KOLIPINSKI— Born Nov. 3, 1859, D. C. Phar. D, 1880, 
 National College Pharmacy, D. C. M. D., 1883, Georgetown. Resi- 
 dent Physician, Children's Hospital, D. C. ; Prof. Surgery, National 
 Univ. Med. College, D. C.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 32 1 
 
 404. SAMUEL BACKUS LYON— Born, 1841, Palmer, Mass. M. D., 
 1879, Columbian. Resigned from Med. Society, Jan. 11, 1888. Some- 
 time Assistant at Govt. Hosp. for Insane, Washington. In 1890 ap- 
 pointed Supt. Bloomingdale Insane Asylum, N. Y. City. 
 
 405. THOMAS ATTAWAY REEDER KEECH— Born March 28, 
 1833, Harford County, Md. M. D., 1856, Univ. Maryland. After grad- 
 uation practiced in Harford Co.; 1863 to 1873 in Prince George Co., 
 Md.; since Nov. i, 1873, in Washington. 
 
 40G. GEORGE CLARKE OBER— Born April 11, i860, D. C. M. D., 
 1S82, Georgetown. Resident Physician, Children's Hospital; Physician, 
 Eastern Dispensary ; Prof. Materia Medica, afterwards Practice of Medi- 
 cine, National Univ. Med. College. 
 
 OCTOBER 14, 18S5 
 
 407. CHARLES LINCOLN LOOMIS— Born Sept. 9, 1859, D. C. M. 
 D., 1882, Univ. Vermont. Resigned Jan. 11, 18S8. Died April 6, 1888, 
 at Denver, Col. Son of Dr. Lafayette C. Loomis, of Washington, and 
 nephew of Dr. Silas L. Loomis, supra. Educated at Alleghany College, 
 Meadville, Pa. Attended the Faculty de Med., Paris. After graduation 
 he spent some time in Europe at the hospitals and in traveling. See 
 Lamb's History, p. 252. 
 
 [1885. The names William D. Stewart and S. J. Waggaman appear in 
 only one list of the Society, namely, 1885. There is no record of their 
 election, they did not sign the constitution and their names do not ap- 
 pear on the Treasurer's book up to 1886. It is very doubtful if they were 
 ever members.] 
 
 APRIL 7, 1886 
 
 408. FRANK BAKER— Born Aug. 22, 1841, Pulaski, N. Y. A. M., 
 1888; Ph. D., 1890, Georgetown; M. D., 1880, Columbian. Resigned 
 from Med. Society, Dec. 18, 1889. Son of Thomas C. and Sybil S. Weed 
 Baker. Was Sergeant, 37th New York Vols., 1861-3. Prof. Anatomy, 
 Georgetown Med. School, since 1883 ; Supt., National Zoological Park, 
 Washington, since 1890; Asst. Supt., U. S. Life-saving Service, 1889-90; 
 Editor American Anthropologist, 1891-8; F. A. A. S. (Secretary Section H, 
 1888, Vice President, 1890) ; member Amer. Naturalists ; Assn. Amer. 
 Anat. (President, 1897); Philadelphia Zoolog. Society; Washington 
 Academy of Sciences (Secretary since 1890) ; Washington Biolog. Soci- 
 ety ; Washington Anthrop. Society. Married, Sept. 13, 1878, at Sedg- 
 wick, Me., May E. Cole. Has a son in Medical Corps, U. S. Army. Has 
 
 21
 
 322 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 contributed articles to Wood's Reference Handbook Med. Sciences ; Bil- 
 lings' National Med. Dictionary ; Standard Dictionary ; International 
 Encyclopedia. See Amer. Men of Science, 1906 ; Who's Who in Amer- 
 ica; Amer. Biog. Directory, Washington, 1908 ; Georgetown University, 
 II, p. 96. 
 
 409. FRANK CLINTON FERNALD— Born Portsmouth, N. H. M. 
 D., 1884, Harvard. Member Wash. Obstet. and Gynecolog. Society. 
 Died June 17, 1889. See Minutes Med. Society, Sept. 11, 1889. 
 
 410. HARRY MADISON CUTTS— Born Sept. 4, 1858, D. C. A. B., 
 1880; A. M., 1883, Princeton; M. D., 1883, Harvard. Resigned, Sept. 
 28, 1887, and removed to Brookline, Mass. 
 
 411. WILLIAM MAY— Born Sept. 6, 1850, D. C. Son of Dr. J. F. 
 
 May, supra; M. D., 1874, College Phys. and Surg., N. Y. Dropped 
 
 from membership, 1897; reelected, Oct. 6, 1897. Removed to New York 
 
 City. 
 
 OCTOBER 6, 1886 
 
 412. DANIEL PERCY HICKLING— Born Sept. 19, 1863, D. C. M. 
 D., 1884, Georgetown. Son of Daniel P. and Sarah A. Hickling. At- 
 tended Emerson Institute and the Columbian Preparatory School, Wash- 
 ington. After graduation in medicine took special courses in Boston, 
 Chicago and the medical centers of Europe. Since then has practiced in 
 Washington. Was Prof. Clin. Surg., Electro-therapeutics, Clinical Prof, 
 of Neurolog., Georgetown School of Medicine; Visiting Physician, 
 Washington Asylum Hospital ; member Consulting Staff, Providence 
 Hospital and Government Hospital for the Insane; member A. M. 
 A.; Fellow, Amer. Electro-therapeutic Association; member Med. 
 Association, D. C. In charge of Neurolog. and Electro-therapeutic 
 Clinic, Eastern Dispensary and Casualty Hospital ; Consulting 
 Neurologist, Washington Home for Incurables ; in charge Department 
 Neurology, Georgetown University Hospital. Member Washington 
 Chamber of Commerce ; Washington Acad. Sciences ; Med. and Surg. 
 Society, D. C. Chairman, Committee on Public Health, Washington 
 Board of Trade. Vice President, Society Nervous and Mental Diseases, 
 D. C, and Med. Society, Casualty Hospital; President, Med. Society, 
 Georgetown Med. College. Also member of the Vestry, Pro-Cathedral 
 Church of the Ascension. Sept. 5, 1894, married Harriet Franses Stone. 
 See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908; Georgetown University, II, 
 p. 322. 
 
 413. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN MADISON— Born Sept. i, 1852, 
 Edgefield, S. C. M. D., 1884, Georgetown. Dropped, 1900, from mem- 
 bership.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 323 
 
 114. JEROME HENRY KIDDER— Born Oct. 26, 1842, Baltimore 
 Co., Mtl. A. B., 1862; A. M., 1865, Harvard ; M. D., 1866, Univ. Mary- 
 land. Med. Cadet, U. S. A. Asst. Surg., U. S. Navy, 1866-71 ; Passed 
 Asst. Surg., 1871-76, and Surgeon, 1876 to 1884. Resigned June 18, 1884. 
 Curator of Laboratory and Exchanges, Smithsonian Institution. Died 
 April 8, 1889. About 1862, was placed in charge of the Sea Island plan- 
 tations, near Beaufort, S. C; contracted yellow fever, and was obliged 
 to return north earl}' in 1863. On recovery enlisted in Tenth Maryland 
 Infantry, and served as private and non-commissioned officer for about a 
 }ear. Was then appointed Med. Cadet and served in hospitals near 
 Washington until the Civil War ended. His first detail in the Navy 
 was to the Naval Asylum, Philadelphia ; remained a little over a year. 
 From 1867 to 1870 was Asst. Med. Officer, U. S. Ship "Idaho," then sta- 
 tioned off Nagasaki, Japan, as the general hospital for the Asiatic Squad- 
 ron. While there he received from the King of Portugal the decoration 
 of the Military Order of Christ, in recognition of professional services to 
 a distressed vessel of the Portuguese Navy ; and during the memorable 
 typhoon of Sept. 21, 1868, he made a careful chart of the track of the 
 storm. In 1874-5 served on U. S. Steamer "Swatara,"as Surgeon and 
 Naturalist of the Transit of Venus Expedition to Kerguelen Island, and 
 in 1877-8 as Surgeon, U. S. Steamer "Alliance," in the Mediterranean. 
 On the latter cruise he was married at Constantinople, Sept. 18, 187S, to 
 Anne Mary, daughter of Hon. Horace Maynard, U. S. Minister to Turkey. 
 During the summer of 1878-9 was on special duty with the small Naval 
 Steamers "Bluelight" and "Speedwell," engaged in fishery investigations 
 on the New England coast, and in December, 1882, became the first Sur- 
 geon of the Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," on which he remained 
 until the following April. His shore service was performed mainly at 
 the Naval Hospital and Laboratory, Brooklyn, from 187 1 to 1874, and at 
 the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, from 1879 to 1882. 
 See Smithsonian Collections ; Billings' National Med. Dictionary, Phila- 
 delphia, 1890 ; also Minutes Med. Society, April 17, 1889 ; Bull. Philo. 
 soph. Soc, Washington, 1892, XI, p. 480. 
 
 415. MILLARD FILLMORE THOMPSON— Born Nov. 17, 1857, D. 
 
 C. D. D. S., 1879, Baltimore Coll. Dental Surgery ; M. D., 18S4, Col- 
 umbian. Sometime Prof. Anatomy, Med. Dept., National University, 
 
 D. C. 
 
 416. GEORGE WOODRUFF JOHNSTON— Born Sept. 17, 1858, D. 
 C. Son of Dr. W. P. Johnston, supra. A. M., 1879, Princeton ; M. D., 
 1882, Univ. Pa. Co-editor National Medical Review. Resigned from 
 Med. Society, April 17, 1901. Gynecologist, Central Dispensary ; mem- 
 ber Wash. Obstet. and Gynecol. Society.
 
 324 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 APRIL 6, 1887 
 
 417. MIDDLETON FULLER CUTHBERT— Born July 5, i860, in 
 Pennsylvania. M. D., 1883, Columbian. Was Resident Physician and 
 Gynecologist, Providence Hospital ; member Wash. Obstet. and Gyne- 
 col. Society. 
 
 418. WILLL^M WHITNEY GODDING-Born May 5, 1831, Win- 
 chendon, Mass. A. B., 1854, Dartmouth; M. D., 1857, Castleton. 
 Superintendent, Government Hospital for the Insane, D. C. Died May 
 6, 1899. Son of Dr. Alvah and Mary Whitney Godding, of English 
 descent. Educated at the academy at Winchendon, Brown University, 
 Providence, R. I., Phillips' Academy, Andover, Mass., and Dartmouth 
 College. Studied medicine first at College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons, N. Y. City, but graduated at Castleton, Vt. Practiced with his 
 father at W^inchendon for eighteen months ; in 1859 became Asst. 
 Physician at State Hospital for Insane, Concord, N. H. In 1862 resumed 
 practice, this time at Fitchburg, Mass., but the same year was appointed 
 Second Assistant Physician at St. Elizabeth Insane Asylum, Wash- 
 ington. In 1S70 was appointed Superintendent of the State Hospital for 
 Insane at Taunton, Mass. In 1877 returned to St. Elizabeth Hospital 
 as Superintendent, and continued in charge till his death. During his 
 incumbency the capacity of the hospital was greatly increased. Married, 
 Dec. 14, i860, to Miss Ellen Rowena Murdock, daughter of Elisba 
 Murdock, of Winchendon. Author of Two hard cases, Boston, 1882. 
 The rights of the insane in hospital, Philadelphia, 1884. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, May 10 and June 7, 1899 ; Trans. Med. Society, 1899, 
 IV, p. 118 ; Proceedings Amer. Med. Psych. Assn., 1899, VI, p. 398; 
 Bull. Philos. Soc, Washington, 1895-1900, XIII, p. 390; Jour. A. M. 
 A., 1S99, XXXII, p. 1073; Jour. Mental Sci., London, 1900, XLVI, p. 
 404; National Med. Review, Washington, 1899-1900, IX, p. 366. 
 
 419. ERNEST FROTHINGHAM KING— Born Nov. 29, 1858, Tur- 
 ner, Maine. A. B., 1880; A. M., 1883, Colby College, Watervliet, Me.; 
 M. D., 1883, Howard. 
 
 420. MAGRUDER MUNCASTER— Born Feb. 13, 1859, D. C. Bro- 
 ther of Dr. S. B. Muncaster, infra. Phar. D., 1880, National College 
 Pharmacy, D, C. ; M. D., 18S3, Univ. Md. Died Nov. 28, 1901, Rock- 
 ville, Md. Son of Harriet Magruder and Otho Z. Muncaster and great- 
 grandson of Col. Zadock Magruder, who was a member of the Committee 
 of Safety of Maryland, under General George Washington, during the 
 Revolutionary War. Was educated at Rockville Academy. After grad- 
 uation in medicine he engaged in the drug business for a few years.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 325 
 
 after which he practiced medicine in Washington City. He soon built 
 up quite a lucrative practice. About 1895 his health began to fail. Was 
 one of the U. S. Examining Surgeons for Pensions ; member Med. Asso- 
 ciation, D. C; Clinico-Patholog. Society, and Amer. Med. Assn. See 
 Minutes Med. Society, Dec. 4 and 11, 1901 ; Trans. Med. Society, 1901, 
 VI, p. 324. 
 
 421. JOHN WESLEY BOVEE— Born Dec. 31, 1S61, Clayton, N. Y. 
 M. D., 1885, Columbian. Editor of The Practice of Gynecology, Phila- 
 delphia, 1906. Son of Wm. Henry and Sarah Elizabeth Roat Bovee. 
 Educated at public and high schools and by private tutors. Since grad- 
 uation in medicine has practiced in Washington. Member of House 
 Staff, Children's Hospital and Columbia Hospital, Washington, 1S84- 
 88 ; Visiting Surgeon, Washington Asylum, 1889-97 ; Surgeon, Columbia 
 Hospital, since 1891 ; Gynecologist, Providence Hospital, 1891 to 1908, 
 and George Washington Univ. Hospital since its opening ; formerly 
 Attending and now Consulting Physician to St. Ann's Infant Asylum; Pro- 
 fessor Gynecology, George Washington Univ. Med. School ; sometime 
 Chairman, Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, A. M. A. ; member 
 Amer. Urolog. Assn.; Washington Acad. Sciences; Mississippi Valley 
 Med. Assn.; President, Med. and Surg. Society, D. C; President, Wash- 
 ington Obstet. and Gynecolog. Society and Southern Surg, and Gyn- 
 ecolog. Assn.; Fellow Amer. Gynecolog. Society ; honorary member 
 Med. Society, Virginia ; member Board of Trustees, Reform School 
 for Girls, D. C; Consulting Gynecologist, St. Elizabeth Hospital for 
 Insane, D. C. See Who's Who in America ; Amer. Biog. Direct., 
 Washington, 1908. 
 
 422. JOSEPH HAMMOND BRYAN— Born July 4, 1856, D. C. M. D., 
 1877, Univ. Va.; 1878, Univ. City of New Y'ork. Asst. Surg., U. S. N., 
 1880-5, Son of Joseph Brooke and Louisa Stearns Hammond Bryan. 
 Has practiced medicise in Washington since 1887. Unmarried. Mem- 
 ber Wash. Acad. Sciences; Philosoph. Society, Washington; Amer. Laryn- 
 golog. Assn., President, 1902. Author of Diseases of accessory sinuses 
 of the nose, in System of diseases of ear, nose and throat, Philadelphia, 
 1893. See Who's Who in America; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 
 1908. 
 
 423. CHARLES JOHNSON OSMUN— Born Oct. 10, 1845, Washing- 
 ton, N. J. M. D., 1872, Washington Univ., Baltimore; 1875, College 
 Phys. and Surg., Baltimore. Died Aug. 14, 1894. Came to Washington 
 in 1884, and was the first medical man to take charge of the details in 
 enforcing the law for the prevention of scarlet fever and diphtheria, dur- 
 ing which service he contracted and died of diphtheria. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, Aug. 16, 1894; Nat. Med. Review, 1894-5, III, p. lor.
 
 326 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 424. ISIDOR SAMUEL LEOPOLD HERMANN— Born Jan. 7, 1845, 
 Hesse Darmstadt, Germany. Educated at Darmstadt and Frankfurt-on- 
 the-Main. Studied medicine at Marburg, Wiirzburg and Vienna. M. 
 D., 1878, Julia Maximiliana, Wiirzburg. Was assistant to Prof. Kuelz, 
 Marburg. Physician, 1879-80, to Maryland Eye and Ear Infirmary and 
 Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1879-82; Licentiate, M. C. F., 
 Maryland. Afterwards practiced in Washington. Member Wash. Acad. 
 Sciences. See W^ho's Who in America; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washing- 
 ton, 1908; Cordell's Med. Annals, Maryland, 1903, p. 319. 
 
 425. JOHN WOART BAYNE— Born Feb. 9, 1846, "Salubria," Prince 
 George Co., Md. M. D., 1868, Univ. Maryland. Acting Asst. Surg., U. 
 S. A., and Surgeon, U. S. Vols. Died May 17, 1905. Educated at coun- 
 try schools. After graduation in medicine served as Medical Attendant 
 at Fort Foote, Md., 1870 to 1878, when the fort was abandoned. Was 
 then transferred to duty at Washington Barracks, D. C, serving 1878-81. 
 For some years was Surgeon to Metropolitan Police and Fire Depart- 
 ment, Washington. In 18S1 became Surgeon to Providence Hospital, 
 President of Hospital Board, 1 889-1905 ; in 1883 became Prof. Clinical 
 Surgery, Georgetown Med. School; member of Consulting Board, Epis- 
 copal Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital and Casualty Hospital. During the 
 Spanish- American War was Brigade Surgeon, serving at Leiter Hospital, 
 Chickamauga, after which he resumed practice in Washington. Some- 
 time President, D. C. Society, S. A. R. Was grandson of Major Andrew 
 Leitch, of the staff of General Washington, in the war of the American 
 Revolution ; and son of Dr. John H. Bayne, of Maryland, a Surgeon in 
 the U. S. Vols, in the war of 1861-5. Married, in 1872, Miss May Ashby, 
 of Fauquier Co., Va. Father of Dr. John Breckenridge Bayne, of Wash- 
 ington. The Bayne family was especially interested in St. Barnabas' 
 Church in Prince George Co., Md. See Minutes Med. Society, May 17 
 and 24, 1905; Wash. Med. Annals, 1905, IV, p. 257; Georgetown Univer- 
 sity, II, p. 122. 
 
 OCTOBER 6, 1887 
 
 426. ARTHUR AUGUSTINE SNYDER— Born June 6, 1859, D. C. 
 Son of Dr. J. M. Snyder, supra. M. D., 1882, Univ. City of New York. 
 Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. During the Spanish- American War he 
 served in the ist Divisional Hospital before Santiago, Cuba, and in the 
 Base Hospital at Siboney, near Santiago. Returned with the last regi- 
 ment of Shafter's Corps, 24th Inf., to Montauk, N. Y. Is Visiting Sur- 
 geon to Garfield Memorial Hospital and Clinical Surgeon to George 
 Washington Univ. Hospital.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 327 
 
 427. WILLIAM PRICE MANNING— Born Dec. 8, 1844, Virginia. 
 M. D., 1869, Univ. Maryland. Died Feb. 9, 1901. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, Feb. 13, 1901; Trans. Med. Society, 1901, VI, p. 53. 
 
 428. HENDERSON SUTER— Born July i, 1855, D. C. Brother of 
 Dr. W. N. Suter, infra. M. D., 1877, Univ. Penna. 
 
 429. THOMAS MARSHALL NORTON— Born Nov. 21, 1863, Fau- 
 quier Co., Va. M. D., 1885, Univ. Va. Died Jan. 9, 1892, Alexandria, 
 Va. See Minutes Med. Society, Jan. 13, 1892. 
 
 430. CHARLES TUFTS CALDWELL— Born Aug. 22, 1855, West 
 Bridgewater, Mass. M. D., 1879, Columbian. Resigned, Feb. 10, 1904. 
 
 APRIL 4, 1888 
 
 431. WILLIAM FLEET LUCKETT— Born March 6, 1838, Middle- 
 burg, Va. M. D., i860, Univ. Louisville. Surgeon, C. S. A. Father 
 of Dr. L. F. Luckett, infra. Died March 30, 1901. Educated at the 
 Frank Minor school. After the close of the Civil War practiced med- 
 icine in Frederick, Md., until 1885, when he removed to Washington. 
 Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A., and Washington Acad. Sciences. 
 Buried at Frederick. See Minutes Med Society, April 3 and 10, 1901, 
 and Trans, Med. Society, 190X, VI, p. 125. 
 
 432* WILLIAM EDWARD HANDY— Born Oct. 10, 1858, D. C. M. 
 D., 18S5, Columbian. Dropped from membership, 1897. Removed to 
 Manila, P. I. 
 
 433. JOHN WESLEY DUNN— Born Dec. 30, 1858, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Educated in public schools, Washington, and Columbian University. 
 M. D., 1880, Columbian. Afterwards attended Med. Dept., Univ. Penna. 
 Served as Interne at Children's Hospital, Washington. Practiced in 
 Washington from 1883 till his death. Married, Sept. 29, 1886, Miss 
 Helen Margaret McFarland, daughter of John M. and Sarah J. McFar- 
 land, Washington. Contracted diphtheria from a patient and died six 
 days afterward, Dec. 30, 1890. See Minutes Med. Society, Dec. 31, 
 1890. 
 
 434. THOMAS COLLINS STEVENSON MARSHALL— Born April 
 28, 1856, Carlisle, Pa. M. D., 1883, Howard. Attended also the Howard 
 Dental School. Has been in the Government departmental service, 
 Washington. Member Med. Assn., D. C. Prof. Histology and afterwards 
 Pathology, Howard Medical School. See Lamb's History, p. 133.
 
 328 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 435. CHARLES WILLIAMSON RICHARDSON— Born Aug. 22, 
 1861, D. C. M. D., 1884, Columbian, and Univ. Penna. Educated at 
 Columbian College, D. C. Is Prof. Laryngology and Otology, Med. 
 Dept. Columbian Univ.; Trustee of the University ; ex-President Amer. 
 Laryngol., Rhinol. and Otolog. Society; Vice President, Amer. Laryngol. 
 Assn.; member Washington Acad. Sciences ; Anthropol. and Biolog. So- 
 cieties, Washington; Fellow Academy Oto-Laryngolog}'; member Amer. 
 Climatolog. Society; Amer. Otolog. Society; A. M. A.; Throat and Ear 
 Surgeon to Providence and Foundling Hospitals, Washington; ex-Presi- 
 dent, Alumni Assn., Columbian Univ. Contributor to Posey and Wright's 
 Diseases of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat, to Buck's Reference Handbook 
 and Musser-Kelly Handbook. Son of Charles F. E. and Charlotte A. 
 Richardson. Married, May 27, 1889, Amy Elizabeth Small. See Stone's 
 Biog., 1894, p. 671; Who's Who in America; Amer. Biog. Direct., Wash- 
 ington, 1908. 
 
 436. DANIEL OLIN LEECH— Born July 13, 1862. Port Republic, 
 Va. M. D., 1S87, Columbian. Brother of Dr. Frank Leech, z>///-a. Pres- 
 ident, 1906-7, Medical Assn., D. C; President, 1905, Therapeutic Soci- 
 ety, D. C. 
 
 437. GEORGE WASHINGTON GRINDER, Jr.— Born Dec. i, 1862, 
 D. C. M. D., 1885, National Univ., D. C. Dropped from membership, 
 1897. Died Dec. 13, 1901. Graduated, 1882, from the Spencerian Busi- 
 ness College, Washington. Sometime Demonstrator Anatomj', National 
 Univ, Med. School. See Lamb's History, p. 245. 
 
 438. JAMES THOMAS SWEETMAN, Jr.— Born June 22, 1862, Phil- 
 adelphia, N. Y. A. B., 1883; A. M., 1886, Princeton; M. D., 1886, How- 
 ard. Dropped from membership, 1891. Removed to Ballston, N. Y. 
 Married. See Lamb's History, p. 220. 
 
 439. WILLIAM LEON MILLER— Born Jan. 22, 1859, D. C. M. D., 
 1883, Columbian. 
 
 440. THOMAS FRANCIS MALLAN— Born July 19, 1857, Lynch- 
 burg, Va. M. D., 1880, Georgetown. Surgeon to Providence Hospital ; 
 Consulting Surgeon, St. Ann's Infant Asylum ; Attending Physician, 
 Catholic Univ. and Marist College and Seminary, Washington. 
 
 441. ROBERT THAXTER EDES— Born Sept. 23, 1838, Eastport, 
 Me. A. B., 1858; M. D., 1861, Harvard. Asst. Surg, and Passed Asst. 
 Surg., U. S. N. Removed from D. C, 1891, to Boston, Mass.; thence to 
 Jamaica Plains, Mass. His family is of English descent. His literary
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 329 
 
 education was received at Harvard College. Studied medicine under Dr. 
 Benjamin Gushing. Entered U. S. Navy at beginning of Civil War and 
 served, chiefly in the West Gulf or Mississippi Squadron, until June, 1865. 
 Then visited Europe and supplemented his medical education at Vienna, 
 after which he located at Hingham, Mass., and practiced his profession 
 until i<S69; then settled in Boston. In 1886 removed to Washington. 
 Was Attending Physician, Boston City Hospital, 1872 to 1886; at Garfield 
 Memorial Hospital, Washington, 1889-91; Professor Materia Medica, Har- 
 vard Med. School, 1871 to 1883, and Jackson Prof. Clin. Medicine, same 
 school, 1S83-6. In 1891 became Resident Physician, Adams' Nervine 
 Asylum, Jamaica Plains, Mass. Sometime Lecturer in Med. School, 
 Dartmouth, N. H., and Georgetown and Columbian Med. Schools, Wash- 
 ington. Author of The part taken by nature and time in the cure of dis- 
 ease, prize essay, Boston, 1868 ; The physiology and pathology of the 
 sympathetic or ganglionic nervous system, New York, i860; Translation 
 of Alex. Ecker's Die Hirnwindungen des Menschen, etc., New York, 
 1873; Handbook of U. S. Pharmacopoeia, N. Y., 1883; Intracranial hem- 
 orrhage, etc., in Pepper's System of Med., Philadelphia, 1886, V. ; Text 
 book of therapeutics, etc., Philadelphia, 1887, 1895 ; Shattuck lectures, 
 Boston, 1895. See Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 496 ; Stone's Biog., 1894, 
 p. 156 ; Who's Who in America ; 20th Century Biog. Diet. ; Amer. Men 
 of Science, 1906. 
 
 OCTOBER 3, 1888 
 
 442. JAMES DUDLEY MORGAN— Born July 5, 1861, D. C. Son of 
 Dr. J. E. Morgan, supra. A. B., 1881 ; M. D., 1885, Georgetown. Son 
 of James E. and Norah Digges Morgan. Studied medicine some time at 
 Bellevue. After graduation took post-graduate course at Beaujon Hospital 
 and Amphitheatre d'Anatomie, Paris, and in 1902 and 1903, clinical 
 course under Prof. William Osier. Member of Staff of Garfield and 
 Georgetown Univ. Hospitals ; Chief of Medical Service, Emergency 
 Hospital. In 1893 was Chairman of Registration Committee, Pan-Ameri- 
 can Med. Congress; President, Columbia Historical Society, D. C. ; Vice 
 President, Washington Acad. Sciences ; member Anthropolog. Society, 
 Washington ; was Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1888-9, Georgetown Med. 
 School ; Prof. Clinical Medicine, 1899; now Associate Prof. Theory and 
 Practice of Medicine. Interne, Children's Hospital, 1885 ; Lecturer on 
 Differential Diagnosis, 1897-8; Co-editor, Trans. Med. Society, 1898- 
 1900 ; member A. M. A.; Assn. Amer. Anatomists ; Amer. Climat. Assn.; 
 Med. and vSurg. Society and Wash. Obstet. and Gynecol. Society, D. C. 
 Author of many medical and historical essays. Married, Dec. 2, 1891, 
 Mary Abell, daughter of E. F. Abell, Baltimore, Md. See Amer. Men 
 of Science, 1906; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908.
 
 330 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 443. MARY ALMERA PARSONS— Born May 2, 1850, Colebrook, 
 N. H. M, D., 1874, Howard. From Revolutionary stock. Educated at 
 Robinson Female Seminary, Exeter, N. H., graduating in 1870. Since 
 graduation in medicine has practiced in Washington. See Lamb's 
 History, p. 205. 
 
 444. PHILIP SEDDON ROY— Born April 15, 1861, Tappahannock, 
 Va. M. D., 1880, Univ. Va. 
 
 44o. THOMAS MORRIS MURRAY— Born July 5, 185 1, Maryland. 
 M. D., 1873, Univ. Maryland ; Licentiate, 1876, M. C. F., Maryland. 
 Practiced some time in Baltimore, then removed to Washington. See 
 Cordell's Med. Annals, Maryland, 1903, p. 515. 
 
 446. ERNEST AUGUST SELLHAUSEN— Born May 12, 1853, D. C. 
 M. D., 1874, Columbian ; 1877, University of Leipzig. 
 
 447. ABRAHAM HARMON WITMER— Born April 10, 1845, Lan- 
 caster County, Pa. M. D., 1866, Jefferson. Died Jan. 18, 1900. Of 
 American parentage, Swiss descent. Educated at Wilmington, Del. 
 After graduation in medicine practiced at Mt. Joy, Pa. About 1868 to 
 1872 was Asst. Physician, Insane Dept., Philadelphia Almshouse; was 
 next Steamship Surgeon for a year, after which he returned to duty at 
 the Almshouse. In 1S76 became Asst. Physician to St. Elizabeth In- 
 sane Asylum, Washington, where he remained till his death ; was pro- 
 moted until finally was First Assistant and at times acted as Superin- 
 tendent. Member A. M. A.; of Board of School Trustees, D. C. At- 
 tended several Medical Congresses abroad. For some time was con- 
 nected with the Faculty of Georgetown Med. School. Married Miss 
 Roberta Stone, of Washington. See Minutes Med. Society, Feb. 7, and 
 14, 1900; Atkinson's Biog., 1878, p. 332. 
 
 448. THOMAS NOTLEY MCLAUGHLIN— Born Aug. 15, i860, D. 
 C. M. D., 1882, Columbian. President, Med. Assn., D. C, 1909-10. 
 
 449. ALBERT CLARK PATTERSON— Son of Dr. D. C. Patterson, 
 supra. Born May 8, 1854, Cleveland, Ohio. M. D., 1879, Columbian. 
 Removed from Washington, 1896. Returned and became connected 
 with the Health Dept., D. C. 
 
 APRIL 3, 1889 
 
 4.50. EDWIN LEE MORGAN— Born Sept. 29, 1855, D. C. M. D., 
 1879, Med. College, Va. Son of Edwin Cecil and Evelina Prosser Lee 
 Morgan. Educated at Blackburn and Taylor High School and St. John's
 
 DISTRICT OF COIA'MBIA 33 1 
 
 Academy, Alexandria, Va.; was two years at Virginia Military Institute, 
 Lexington ; afterward attended Glenwood Institute, Md. From 1879 to 
 1886 was Physician to Colville Indian Agency, State of Washington ; 
 during that time was Coroner for two terms. Returned to Washington. 
 Sometime Physician to the Poor; Physician to St. Ann's Infant Asylum. 
 Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; Med. and Surg. Society, Wash- 
 ington ; President, Therapeutic Society, Washington ; member Anthrop. 
 Society, Washington ; President, 1899-1900, Library Association, D. C. 
 Grandson of Col. Richard Bland Lee, U. S. A. Married, Oct. 10, 1893, 
 Mary Garland VanZandt. See Who's Who in America ; Amer. Biog. 
 Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 451. FRANCIS BESANT BISHOP— Born Aug. 13, 1853, Wilming- 
 ton, N. C. M. D., 1883, Univ. Maryland. 
 
 452. WILLIAM HIKES HAWKEvS— Born Oct. 25, 1845, Meriden, 
 Conn. A. B., 1867, Brown; A. M., 1890, Georgetown; M. D., 1874, Univ. 
 Penna. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died suddenly, March 13, 1904. 
 Served some time as Assistant to the Attending Surgeon, U. S. Army offi- 
 cers, Washington. Was Prof. Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and 
 Clinical Prof., Diseases of Children, Georgetown Med. School; Secretary 
 of Attending Staff and Director of Clinic for Diseases of Children, Emer- 
 gency Hospital; Attending Physician, Garfield Hospital. See Stone's 
 Biog., 1894, p. 636 ; Minutes Med. Society, March 23 and April 13, 1904; 
 Wash. Med. Annals, 1904-5, III, p. 239. 
 
 OCTOBER 2, 1889 
 
 453. EUGENE CHARLES CURTIS WINTER— Born Aug. 13, 1848, 
 Petersville, Md. Brother of Dr. J. T. Winter, supra. M. D. and Phar. 
 D., 1883, Howard. Since graduation has practiced in Washington. Is 
 married. See Lamb's History, p. 230. 
 
 454. WILLIAM MERCER SPRIGG— Born April 3, 1864, Petersburg, 
 Va. M. D., 1885, Columbian. 
 
 APRIL 2, 1890 
 
 455. THOMAS RITCHIE STONE— Born July 18, 1856, D. C. Son 
 of Dr. R. K. Stone, siipm. M. D., 1884, Univ. Vermont. Died sud- 
 denly. May 31, 1902, of acute indigestion. [Born in the " Stone" house, 
 corner Fourteenth and F Streets, N. W., that was built by his grand- 
 father, Wm. J. Stone. His mother was daughter of Thomas Ritchie.] 
 Educated at Emerson Institute, Washington, and William and Mary 
 College, Williamsburg, Va. After graduation in medicine he traveled
 
 332 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 extensively abroad ; then practiced three years in California. Returned 
 to Washington in 1890 and practiced here till his death. Sometime Pres- 
 ident Clinico-Patholog. Society ; on the Staff of Emergency Hospital ; 
 member of Faculty of Med. Dept., Columbian College. Married, Jan, 
 22, 1885, Miss Lelia Whitney, of New Orleans, La. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, June 3, 1902; Wash. Med. Annals, 1902, p. 312. 
 
 456. JAMES KERR— Born Dec. 14, 1848, Port Steuart, Co. Derry, 
 Ireland. M. D., M. Ch., 1870, Royal Univ., Belfast, Ireland. Father 
 of Dr. H. H. Kerr, infra. Son of Abraham John and Isabella Kerr. 
 Educated at Coleraine Institute. After graduation in medicine was Sur- 
 geon, Royal Canadian Mail Service, 1871-3 ; Surgeon, H. M. Transport 
 "No. XII," Gold Coast Expedition, 1873-4; Chief Surgeon, Canadian 
 Pacific Ry., 1882-8; Surgeon, Canadian Militia, Riel Rebellion, 1885; 
 Prof. Surgery, Manitoba Med. College, and afterward of Georgetown 
 Med. School. Member Wash. Acad. Sciences. Married, at Brantford, 
 Ontario, Canada, July, 1876, Laurie I. Bell, daughter of Alexander 
 Graham Bell. See Who's Who in America; Amer. Biog. Direct., Wash- 
 ington, 1908. 
 
 457. GAIUS MARCUS BRUMBAUGH— Born May 7, 1862, Hunting- 
 don Co., Pa. M. E., 1881, M. S., 1897, Juniata College, Huntingdon. 
 M. D., 1885, Howard ; 1888, Georgetown. Son of Dr. Andrew B. Brum- 
 baugh (practicing at Huntingdon, 1866-1909), and Maria Frank Brum- 
 baugh. Educated in private schools and Huntingdon Academy. Taught 
 sometime in public schools. Removed to Washington in 1882. Some- 
 time in departmental service ; for three years Asst. Chief of Bureau of 
 Animal Industry, Dept. Agriculture. Since 1887 has practiced medicine 
 in Washington. Member of Board of U. S. Pension Examining Sur- 
 geons ; Med. Association, D. C; A. M. A.; A. A. A. S. ; Lecturer on 
 Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Nurses' Training School, Washing- 
 ton ; Trustee, Juniata College. Married, Oct. i, 1889, Catherine Elliott 
 Brown, daughter of Dr. C. W. Brown, infra. See Lamb's History, p, 
 152; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 458. GEORGE GIDEON MORRIS— Born Oct. 23, i860, Mt. Morris, 
 Pa. M, D., 1884, Univ. Maryland. Asst. Surg., U. S. Vols., Spanish- 
 American War. 
 
 459. JAMES CLARK McGUIRE— Born Feb. i, 1853, D. C. A. M., 
 1887, St. John's College, Annapolis, Md.; M. D., 1879, Columbian. 
 Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 1881-3. Author of Dermatological Notes, 
 Washington, 1888. Prof. Dermatology, Hospital School of Medicine, 
 Louisville, Ky., 1886 to 1888, and Georgetown Med. School, Washington, 
 since 1892.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 333 
 
 460. CHARLES ROSCOE LUCE— Born Oct. 17, 1862, in New York. 
 ]NL D., 1885, Georgetown. 
 
 461. HENRY BUCKMASTER DEALE— Born April 16, 1862, in 
 Maryland. A. B., 1882; A. M., 1885, Dickinson; M. D., 1887, Colum- 
 bian. 
 
 462. ARTHUR JOSEPH HALL— Born March 7, 1858, St. Louis, Mo. 
 M. D., 1886, Columbian. Son of Samuel K. and Massie D. Hall. Edu- 
 cated in public schools of St. Louis and Warrensburg, Mo. 1882-1891, 
 was in Government Printing Office, Washington ; since then has prac- 
 ticed medicine in Washington. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; 
 Amer. Therap. Society ; Secretary, Therap. Society, Washington. Mar- 
 ried. 
 
 463. NEIL FERGUSON GRAHAM— Born Feb. 9, 1840, near Lon- 
 don, Canada. M. D., 1861, Cleveland. Asst. Surg, and Surgeon, 12th 
 Ohio Vols., and Surgeon, U. S. Vols. Father of N. D. Graham, infra. 
 Of Scotch descent. Son of Duncan C. and Mary Graham. Educated at 
 county school, afterwards at Bailey's Academy, London. Taught school 
 until 1859. Was Resident Physician one year, U. S. Marine Hospital, 
 Cleveland ; July 13, 1862, was appointed Asst. .Surgeon, 12th Ohio Vols.; 
 promoted to Surgeon, Dec. 28, 1862. Served in Peninsular Campaign 
 and battles of Manassas, Bull Run and Falls Church, Va., and in cam- 
 paign in Maryland and West Virginia ; established Seminary Hospital, 
 Clarksburg, W. Va. On detached service a long time as Brigade Sur- 
 geon. Was twice captured by the enemy — at Bull Run in August, 1862, 
 and Cloyd's Mountain, W. Va., May, 1864. Mustered out with regi- 
 ment, July II, 1864. About Aug. i, 1864, was appointed Acting Staff 
 Surgeon ; in charge of large general field hospital, Sandy Hook, Md. 
 (afterward removed to Harper's Ferry, W. Va., as the Island Hospital), 
 until August, 1865. Served also as Surgeon-in-Chief of Militar}' District 
 of Harper's Ferry. Practiced medicine two years at Xenia, Ohio. In 
 summer of 1867 removed to Minnesota and practiced at Faribault until 
 1872. Was then appointed Asst. Med. Referee, U. S. Bureau of Pen- 
 sions, Washington, and Examining Surgeon for Pensions. Resigned as 
 Referee in 1885, since which has practiced medicine in Washington. Is 
 married. Prof. Surgery, 1872 to 1902, Howard Med. College ; member 
 Med. Assn., D. C, and Military Order, Loyal Legion. See Who's Who 
 in America; Lamb's History, p. 119; Powell's History; Powell's Officers 
 of Army and Navy, 1893, p. 342; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 464. FREDERICK SOHON— Born Dec. 29, 1866, D. C. Educated 
 in public schools; in High School was commanding officer of cadet corps. 
 M. D., Georgetown, 1888. Was Resident Physician, Emergency Hospi-
 
 334 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 tal. In 1890, took special course, Univ. Vienna, and attended clinics in 
 other European cities. Returning home, was appointed for two years 
 First Asst. at Throat and Chest clinic, Central Dispensary, and Instructor 
 in Physical Diagnosis at Georgetown Med. School. Was medically in 
 the auxiliary expeditions of Commander Peary to Arctic regions, 1897, 
 1903, 1905. Member A. M. A.; Med. Assn., D. C; Med. Society, George- 
 town Med. School; Med. and Surg. Society, D. C. 
 
 OCTOBER 8, 1890 
 
 465. EDWARD ARTHUR BALLOCH— Born Jan. 2, 1857, Great 
 Falls, N. H. A. B., 1877; A. M., 1891, Princeton; M. D., 1879, Howard. 
 Son of George W. Balloch, late Brigadier General, U. S. Vols. Has re- 
 sided in Washington since 1866 ; attended public and private schools. 
 Since graduation in medicine has practiced in Washington. Married in 
 June, 1886. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; Wash. Acad. Sciences; ex- 
 President Alumni, Howard Med. School. Sometime Examining Sur- 
 geon for Pensions; Attending Surgeon, Freedmen'sand Sibley Hospitals. 
 Served in the chairs of Practical Anatomy, 1880-4; Microscopy, 1884-6; 
 Minor Surgery, 1890-2 ; Med. Jurisprudence, 1891-5, and Surgery, since 
 1895, Howard Med. School. See Lamb's History, p. 123. 
 
 466. WILLIAM HENRY FOX— Born Nov. 18, 1857, D. C. A. B., 
 1877 ; A, M., 1891, Princeton. M. D., 1884, Columbian. 
 
 467. FRANCIS XAVIER DOOLEY— Born May 11, 1841, D. C. M. 
 D., 1865, Georgetown. Also Druggist in D. C. Dropped, 1894, from 
 membership. 
 
 468. EDWARD OLIVER BELT— Born May 19, 1861, Rock Hall, 
 Frederick Co., Md. M. D., 1886, Univ., Maryland. Licentiate M. C. 
 F., Maryland. Killed in railroad accident, Dec. 30, 1906. [Son of John 
 Lloyd and Sarah Eleanor McGill Belt ; descendant of Hon. Wm. Bur- 
 gess who founded South River, Md., and was member of State Council, 
 Deputy Governor, Justice of High Provincial Court and General of the 
 Military forces of the province.] Attended public schools of Frederick 
 and Montgomery counties, and Frederick College, Maryland. Studied 
 medicine with his brother, Dr. Alfred M. Belt, of Baltimore. Practiced 
 medicine a few months in Frederick Co., then for two years was Resi- 
 dent Physician, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, Baltimore. 
 Afterward studied ophthalmology and otology, Univ. Vienna and hos- 
 pitals of Paris, Berlin and London ; next took post-graduate course in 
 Histology and Pathology at Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, and was 
 Visiting Surgeon to the above mentioned hospital. In October, 18S9,
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 335 
 
 removed to Washington, where he afterwards practiced his specialty. 
 Member Med. Assn., D. C; Society of Ophthalmology and Otology, 
 Washington, of which he was President; A. M. A.; the originator and 
 one of the organizers of the Episcopal Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 
 Washington, and Surgeon and Executive Officer to the same. Ophthal- 
 mologist and Otologist, Freedmen's Hospital, D. C, and Baltimore and 
 OhioR. R.; Consulting Ophthalmologist to City and Emergency Hospi- 
 tals, Frederick, Md.; Prof. Ophthalmology and Otology, Howard Med. 
 School. May 18, 1899, married Emily Walker Norvell. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, Jan. 16, 1907 ; Wash. Med. Annals, 1907-8, VI, p. 53; 
 Watson's Biog., 1896, p. 103 ; Lamb's History, p. 129 ; Amer. Biog. 
 Direct., Washington, 190S; Cordell's Med. Annals, Maryland, 1903, p. 
 317 ; Univ. Maryland, p. 392. 
 
 469. RICHARD SMITH HILL— Born July 9, 1S64, Prince George 
 Co., Md. M. D., 1886, Georgetown. Dropped, 1897, from membership. 
 Removed, 1898, to Upper Marlboro, Md., and retired from practice. 
 
 470. THOMAS BEAL HOOD— Born March 19, 1829, Fairview, Ohio. 
 A. M., 1874, Ohio Wesleyan Univ.; M. D., 1862, Western Reserve, 
 Cleveland; 1865, Univ. Maryland. Asst. Surg., 76th Ohio; Asst. Surg., 
 and Surg., U. S. Vols; Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A.; Medical Referee, 
 U. S. Pension Bureau. Died March 15, 1900. Son of Dr. James Hood. 
 Educated at Seminary at Blendon, Robinson's High School, West Rush- 
 ville, and Ohio Wesleyan Univ., Delaware, Ohio. Next attended Med. 
 Dept., Univ. Maryland, one course ; then practiced medicine with his 
 father, at Gratiot, Ohio, afterwards at Columbus, North Lewisburg and 
 Newark, Ohio. Served, 1861-3, at Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth ; re- 
 signed in 1863 because of illness, was recommissioned in 1864 and 
 served as Attending Physician to sick and wounded officers. New York 
 City, 1864-5, and in charge of Hospital Transport on the Potomac river, 
 and at the close of the war, dismantled the hospitals of the Army of the 
 Potomac. Surgeon in Chief, Division of Mississippi, 1865-6. Afterwards 
 resumed practice at Newark, Ohio ; 1867 to 1874, was Assistant in Provost 
 Marshal General's Ofl&ce, Washington, and 1874- 1885, Med. Referee, U. 
 S. Pension Bureau ; Examining Surgeon of Pensions, 1872-1893 ; mem- 
 ber Med. Assn., D. C; Military Order Loyal Legion ; Director, Ohio 
 National Bank, Washington ; Prof. Anatomy, Howard Med. School, 
 1870-1 ; of Practice of Medicine, 1877-91 ; Dean of Faculty, 1881-1900. 
 Married, 1850, Margaret, daughter of Samuel Winegarner ; June, 1854, 
 Mary, widow of Dr. Eliphalet Hyde, of Columbus, Ohio, and daughter 
 of Wm. C. Boggs. See Minutes Med. Society, March 21 and 28, 1900 ; 
 Trans Med. Society, 1900, V, p. 60; Lamb's History, p. 115 ; Nat. Med. 
 Review, 1900-1, p. 156.
 
 336 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 APRIL 1, 1891 
 
 471. JOSEPH THEOPHILUS DAVIDSON HOWARD— Son of Dr. 
 J. T. Howard, supra. Born Nov. 20, 1866, D. C. M. D., 1889, George- 
 town. Resigned, Nov. 20, 1901. Removed to Shiloh, N. J., then to 
 Falls Church, Va. Sometime in the Indian service. 
 
 472. CHARLES KNELLER KOONES— Born Oct. 24, 1866, Rich- 
 mond, Va. M. D., 1887, Columbian. 
 
 473. JOHN DUNCAN McKIM— Born Jan. 4, 1864, Staunton, Va. 
 M. D., 1886, Univ. Va. Died April 23, 1892, of consumption. See Min- 
 utes Med. Society, April 27 and May 4, 1892. 
 
 474. WILLIAM HOLLAND WILMER— Born Aug. 26, 1863, Pow- 
 hatan Co., Va. M. D., 1885, Univ. Va. Interne, Mt. Sinai Hospital, 
 New York, 1885-7 \ Lecturer on Ophthalmology, New York Polyclinic, 
 1887-9; one of the attending Ophthalmologists to Bellevue Hospital, out- 
 door department, 1887-9 1 Prof. Ophthalmology, Georgetown Med. 
 School ; Attending Ophthalmologist, Episcopal Eye, Ear and Throat 
 Hospital, and Emergency and Garfield Hospitals, Washington. Member 
 Amer. Ophthalmol. Society ; A. M. A. ; Society Ophthalmologists and 
 Otologists, Washington ; Clinico-Patholog. Society, D. C. ; Hereditary 
 Member, Society Cincinnati. 
 
 475. LOUIS KELLY BEATTY— Born Jan. 31. 1857, in Iowa. M. D., 
 1881, Columbian. 
 
 476. JOSEPH LACY BRAYSHAW— Born Jan. 21, 1855, Wethered- 
 ville, Md. M. D., 1888, College Phys. and Surg., Baltimore. Dropped, 
 1897, from membership ; reelected, Oct. 6, 1897 ; dropped again, 1900. 
 Removed to Parole, Anne Arundel Co., Md. 
 
 477. GEORGE JOHN LOCHBOEHLER— Born April 18, 1865, St. 
 Louis, Mo. Phar. D., 1S84, National College Pharmacy, D. C. ; M. D., 
 1889, Georgetown. 
 
 478. WILLIAM KENNEDY BUTLER— Born March 7, 1857, D. C. 
 A. M., 1879; M. D., 1882, Columbian. Son of Rev. Dr. J. G. Butler. In 
 charge of Lutheran Eye and Ear Infirmary. 
 
 479. ROBERT MAITLAND ELLYSON— Born Jan. i, 1862, Peters- 
 burg, Va. M. D., 1888, Columbian. Resigned Jan. 24, 1900. 
 
 480. ARTHUR SNOWDEN— Born Aug. 8, 1862, in Virginia. M. D., 
 1883, JefFerson. Resigned Oct. 9, 1895, and removed to Alexandria, Va.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 337 
 
 181. WILLIAM T. GILL— Born Feb. 17, 1865, in Kentucky. M. D., 
 1S87, Columbian. 
 
 OCTOBER 1, 1891 
 
 4S2. CLIFTON MAYFIELD— Born Feb. 6, 1858,- D. C. M. D., 1880, 
 Columbian. Sometime Surgeon, Metropolitan Police; President, 1905-6, 
 Med. Assn., D. C. Resigned from Society, Oct. 7, 1908, and removed to 
 Canarsie, L. I., N. Y. 
 
 483. EDMUND LEE TOMPKINS— Born Nov. i8, 1862, Richmond, 
 Va. M. D., 1885, Univ. Va. Resigned Nov. 11, 1903. Removed to 
 Fine Creek Mills, Va. 
 
 484. WILLIAM SINCLAIR BOWEN— Born June 14, 1866, Wood- 
 ville. Prince George Co., Md. Graduated, 1883, Charlotte Hall, Md. 
 M. D., 1888, Univ. Maryland. 
 
 485. LOUIS MACKALL, Jr.— Born Nov. 25, 1867, D. C. Son of Dr. 
 Louis Mackall, j«/ra. M. D., 1890, Columbian. President, Med. Assn., 
 D. C, 1908-9. 
 
 486. JOHN FRANCIS PRICE— Born Nov. 23, 1850, Charles Co., 
 Md. M. D., 1S75, Washington Univ., Baltimore. Died Nov. 17, 1903, 
 Denver, Colo. Practiced at his Maryland home, 1875 to 1890, when he 
 removed to Washington, where he continued to practice. In 1901 he 
 contracted influenza, on which tuberculosis supervened. See Minutes 
 Med. Society, Nov. 18 and Dec. 2, 1903; Wash. Med. Annals, 1903-4, II, 
 p. 486. 
 
 487. JAMES FOSTER SCOTT— Born Jan. 22, 1863, India. A. B., 
 1884, Yale; M. D., 1888, Edinburgh. Author of Sexual instinct, N. Y., 
 1S99. 
 
 488. B. ASHBOURNE CAPEHART— Born April 2, 1865, near Eden- 
 ton, N. C. M. D., 1886, Univ. Maryland. Dropped from membership, 
 1904. Died Dec. 20, 1904, New York City. He studied about two years 
 in hospitals in Vienna and Berlin. Married, November, 1898, Mrs. 
 Palmer, great granddaughter of Chancellor Kent, of New York. Prac- 
 ticed about one year in the Bermudas. 
 
 489. AMELIA ERBACH— Born Aug. 22, i860, D. C. M. D., 1889, 
 Columbian. 
 
 490. JOHN THOMAS KELLEY, Jr.— Born Dec. 7, 1863, D. C. 
 M. D., 1890, Columbian. Gynecologist, Providence Hospital ; Associate 
 at Georgetown Univ. Hospital. 
 
 22
 
 338 MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 491. CHARLES W BROWN— Born Oct. ii, 1846, Wyalusing, Pa. 
 M. D., 1871, Long Island Med. College. Son of Daniel Warren and 
 Catharine King Brown. Educated in public schools. Studied medicine 
 with Dr. C. V. Elliott, Mansfield, Pa. After graduation practiced in 
 Mansfield five years ; while there, served as Trustee of State Normal 
 School. Removed to Elmira, N. Y., in 1877 and practiced there until he 
 came to Washington, in 1890. Was Physician to Elmira, N. Y., State 
 Reformatory ; Surgeon for D., L. & W. R. R.; Health Officer of Elmira 
 two terms ; member Tioga Co., Pa., Medical Society (Sec'y and Pres't) ; 
 Penna. State Medical Society ; Chemung Co., N. Y., Med. Society; Sec- 
 retary, Elmira Acad. Medicine ; one of the founders N. Y. State Med. 
 Assn.; Secretary and President, Third District Branch of same ; member 
 A. M. A. since 1872 ; Med. Assn., D. C. ; Lecturer on Surgery, Nurses' 
 Training School, Sibley Hospital, Washington. Married Mary E. Elli- 
 ott, of Mansfield, Pa., Jan. i, 1866. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washing- 
 ton, 1908. 
 
 492. ELMER HEZEKIAH SOTHORON— Born Oct. 13, 1868, D. C. 
 Son of Dr. J. T. Sothoron, stipra. B. A., 1887, Ashland College, Ohio. 
 M. D., 1890, Bellevue. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; ex-Pres- 
 ident, Med. and Surg. Society, D. C; member Wash. Obstet. and 
 Gynecol. Society ; Examining Surgeon, Bureau of Pensions. See 
 Lamb's History, p. 262. 
 
 493. CHARLES HENRY STOWELL— Born Oct. 27, 1850, Perry, N. 
 Y. M. D., 1872, Univ. Mich. Removed, Oct. 1897, to Lowell, Mass. 
 Co-editor, The Microscope, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1881-8. Editor of 
 Trained Motherhood, Food and Practical Medicine. Editor and 
 publisher. National Medical Review, Washington. Author of The 
 student's manual, of histology, etc., Detroit, 1881. A healthy body, N. 
 Y., 1892; Primer of health, N. Y., 1894; Essentials of health, N. Y., 
 1898; The microscopic structure of a human tooth, etc., Ann Arbor, 1888; 
 Stowell and Stowell, Microscopical diagnosis, Detroit, 1882. Son of David 
 P. Stowell. Educated at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, 1868. After grad- 
 uation in medicine was Prof. Histology and Microscopy, Univ. Michigan. 
 Practiced medicine in Washington, 1885-97. See Who's Who in Amer- 
 ica ; Appleton's Biog., 1889, V, p. 715. 
 
 494. FAYETTE CLAY EWING— Born May 28, 1862, La Fourche 
 Parish, La. M. D., 1884, Jefferson. Removed, about 1890, to Kansas 
 City, Mo. Educated at Univ. of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., and at Univ. 
 Mississippi, at Oxford. After graduation in medi^cine spent one year at 
 clinics at Charity Hospital, New Orleans. Practiced medicine in Wash- 
 ington till 1892. Then for six months attended New York Polyclinic
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 339 
 
 and Metropolitan Throat Hosp. Removed with his family to London, 
 England, 1893. Attended London Post-Graduate School, Laryngeal and 
 Chest Diseases. Served one year as Clinical Asst. at Central London 
 Throat and Ear Hosp. and London Throat Hosp.; "Asst. Surg, on Staff of 
 the latter. Later attended clinics in Vienna. Began the practice of 
 Oto-laryngology, exclusively, in St. Louis in 1893. Was delegate, 1894, 
 from Amer. Med. Assn. to Internat. Med. Congress, Madrid, Spain. In 
 1899 Delegate from West. Acad. Oto-laryngology, to Internat. Otolog. 
 Congress, London, England ; vi'as Vice Pres. said Society, 1900 ; late 
 Fellow Brit. Rhinol., Laryngol. and Otol. Assn. ; original Fellow Royal 
 Society Med., Great Britain ; was Abstract Editor, The Laryngoscope, 
 St. Louis, for eight years. On staff of various hospitals, St. Louis. Trus- 
 tee, Univ. of the South. See Who's Who in America; Tri-State Med. 
 Jour., St. Louis, 1897, IV, p. 379. 
 
 495. GEORGE ALBERT COGGESHALL— Born March 17, 1S43, 
 Portsmouth, R. I. A. M., 1866, Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. M. D., 
 1879, Bellevue. Removed, 1893, to Oxford, N. C, thence, 1900, to 
 Henderson, N. C. 
 
 APRIL 6, 1892 
 
 496. WILLIAM CHARLES FOWLER— Born Nov. 24, 1864, D. C. 
 M. D., 1888, Georgetown. Chief Inspector, Health Office, Washington. 
 See Lamb's History, p. 243. 
 
 497. JOHN SPEED McLAIN— Born Aug. 9, 1848, D. C. M. D., 
 1871, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A. Died June 2, 1907. 
 Son of Rev. Wm. and Maria Louisa Mosby McLain. Educated at 
 Rittenhouse Academy, Washington, and by private tutors. After grad- 
 uation in medicine practiced in Washington for three years ; House 
 Surgeon at Providence Hospital in 1873. In 1874, appointed Acting Asst. 
 Surg., U. S. A., and served with 8th U. S. Cavalry in New Mexico ; 
 participated in many expeditions into the Pan Handle of Texas, the 
 "Staked Plains," Indian Territory, and Colorado. Crossed the Rio 
 Grande into Mexico to check cattle stealing. Afterwards served at 
 military posts in Texas till 1879. Was Medical Officer and Botanist in 
 the expedition to survey and explore the country west of the Pecos river, 
 Texas. Continued to serve in Texas and Kansas till 1882, when yellow 
 fever broke out along the Rio Grande; had charge of yellow fever camp. 
 Retired from service Nov. 18, 1883, returned to Washington and resumed 
 practice. Prof. Toxicology, Med. Dept., National University, Washing- 
 ton. Sometime President, Board of Med. vSupervisors, Washington ; 
 member Med. Association, D. C; Therapeutic Society, Washington; 
 Amer. Med. Association. Unmarried. See Stone's Biog., 1894, p. 308;
 
 340 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Who's Who in America; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908; 
 Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 2, 1907 ; Wash. Med. Annals, 1907, VI, p. 
 393- 
 
 498. JEANNETTE JUDSON SUMNER— Born Nov. 15, 1846, Con- 
 stantine, Mich. Daughter of Dr. Watson and Hester Ann Welling Sum- 
 ner. M. D., 1883, Woman's Med. College, Philadelphia. Dues remitted, 
 Jan. 16, 1895, because of continued illness. Died Nov. 12, 1906. 
 
 499. CHARLES GRANVILLE STONE— Born Nov. 30, 1846, Freder- 
 ick Co., Md. M. D., 1872, Univ. Maryland. Son of Wm. H. and Cor- 
 nelia D. Norris Stone — the Stones from Virginia, the Norrises from 
 Maryland. Educated in private schools in Maryland. Studied den- 
 tistry with his brother. Dr. Llewellyn Stone, of Baltimore ; afterwards 
 medicine with Profs. Miles and Chisholm, of Baltimore. Since grad- 
 uation has practiced in Washington. Sometime Physician to the Poor ; 
 Phj'sician to B. and O. R. R. Co. Relief Association ; Surgeon to Bright- 
 wood Electric R. R. Co., and Washington R. R. and Electric Co. One 
 of the Directors Casualty Hospital. Member Med. Assn. D. C; A.M. 
 A.; and Washington Board of Trade. Married, in 1870, Dora L. Higgins; 
 in 1883, Mary Florence Rapley. See Univ. Maryland, 1907, II, p. 348. 
 
 500. JAMES JOSEPH CARROLL— Born April 14, 1858, D. C. B. 
 S., 1875, St. John's College, Annapolis, Md.; M. D., 1877, Columbian. 
 Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. Died Nov. 5, 1899. See Minutes Med. So- 
 ciety, Nov. 8 and 15, 1899 ; Trans. Med. Society, IV, 1899, pp. 173 and 
 181 ; Nat. Med. Review, 1S99-1900, IX, p. 538. 
 
 501. ARTHUR CARLOS MERRIAM— Born July 27, 1866, D. C. 
 Son of Dr. E. C. Merriam, stipra. M. D., 1889, Columbian. 
 
 502. CHARLES READ COLLINS— Born Feb. 6, 1862, King George, 
 Va. M. D., 1884, Jefferson. 
 
 503. WILLIAM J. DILLENBACK— Born Jan. 30, 1865, N. Y. M. 
 D., 1888, Columbian. 
 
 504. IDA JOHANNA HEIBERGER— Born in Washington. M. D., 
 1885, Woman's Med. College, Philadelphia. One of the founders Wo- 
 man's Clinic, W^ashington. 
 
 505. JOHN FRANCIS MORAN— Born June 8, 1864, D. C. A. B., 
 1894; M. D., 1887, Georgetown. Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1891-6 ; 
 Clinical Prof. Obstetrics, 1896-1900 ; Prof. Obstetrics, 1900-6, George- 
 town Med. School. Obstetrician Columbia Hospital, 1896-1900, and
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 34 1 
 
 Georgetown Univ. Hospital, 1900-6. Member Washington Acad. Sci- 
 ences ; Obstet. and Gynecol. Society, Washington ; Southern Surg, and 
 Gynecol. Assn.; Med. and Surg. Society, Washington. Contributor to 
 Peterson's "Practice of Obstetrics." 
 
 506. ISAAC SCOTT STONE— Born March i, 1851, Sandy Spring, 
 Md. M. D., 1872; Sc. D., 1907, Univ. Maryland. Son of James H. and 
 Martha A. Scott Stone. Educated at Academy, Wilmington, Del., and 
 public schools of Maryland. After graduation in medicine pursued his 
 medical studies in New York City and London, England. Practiced in 
 Virginia and Washington. Prof. Gynecology, Georgetown Med. School, 
 1892 ; Surgeon to Columbia Hospital for Women and Georgetown Univ. 
 Hospital. Member Wash. Acad. Sciences ; Amer. Gynecolog. Society ; 
 Washington Gynecolog. Society ; A. M. A. ; A. A, A, S. One of the 
 founders Southern Surg, and Gynecolog. Assn. Life member British Gy- 
 necol. Society. Married, Nov. 16, 1875, Thomasin J. Taylor, of Virginia. 
 See Who's Who in America; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908; 
 Univ. Maryland, 1907, II, p. 349. 
 
 507. JOHNSON ELIOT, Jr.— Born May 6, 1868, D. C, Son of Dr. 
 Johnson Eliot, supra. Graduated, 1886, St. John's College, Washing- 
 ton. A. M., Gonzaga, 1908; M. D., 1890, Georgetown. 
 
 OCTOBER 5, 1892 
 
 508. FRANCIS ALPHONZO ST. CLAIR— Born July 21, 1861, Al- 
 bion, N. Y. Phar. D., 1886, Nat. Coll. Pharmacy, D. C. ; M. D., 1S90, 
 Georgetown. 
 
 509. RICHARD ALOYSIUS NEALE— Born Oct. 15, 1850, D. C. 
 Sometime in the drug business. M. D., 1870, Georgetown. Ward Phy- 
 sician several years. Removed, 1896, to Chicago, 111, 
 
 510. STEUART BROWN MUNCASTER— Born Sept. i6, 1857, D. C. 
 Brother of Dr. Magruder Muncaster, supra. M. D., 1885, Georgetown. 
 Licentiate, M. C. F., Maryland, 1892. Practices in Washington. See 
 Cordell's Med. Annals, Maryland, 1903, p. 513. 
 
 511. JOSHUA LAMBERT DULANEY— Born Sept. 12, 1838, Balti- 
 more, Md. Asst. Surgeon, C. S. A. M. D., 1868, Univ. Maryland. Re- 
 signed Jan. 27, 1908. 
 
 512. HENRY LOUIS HAYES— Born Feb. 17, 1867, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 M. D., 1890, Georgetown. Resigned Jan. 23, 1901, and removed to 
 Hilo, Hawaii.
 
 342 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 513. WILLIAM PHILLIPS CARR— Born May lo, 1858, Boydton, 
 Va. M. D., 1888, Columbian. President, 1896-7. Medical Assn., D. C. 
 Father of Dr. W. B. Carr, infra. Son of Prof. Wm. B. and Laura Phil- 
 lips Carr. Educated at Leesburg, Va., Academy, 1870-4 ; Randolph- 
 Macon College, 1874-6. Was Prof. Physiology, Columbian Univ., D. C; 
 Prosector and Lecturer on Anatomy in same, 1896-9 ; sometime Coroner, 
 D. C; Surgeon, Metropolitan Police and FireDept. ; Surgeon to Emer- 
 gency Hospital and University Hospital, Washington ; Consulting Sur- 
 geon, Wash. Asylum Hosp. and Govt. Hosp. Insane, D. C. ; member Med. 
 Assn., D. C. ; Wash. Obstet. and Gynecol. Society ; Wash. Acad. Sci- 
 ences ; Med. and Surg. Society, D. C; A. M. A.; Virginia Med. Society; 
 A. A. A. S. ; Assn. Amer. Anatomists ; Fellow Southern Surg, and Gyne- 
 col. Assn. Married at Hamilton, Va., Feb. 15, 1883, Georgia O. Carter. 
 See Who's Who in America ; Amer. Men of Science, 1906 ; Amer. Biog. 
 Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 5U. ROBERT EDMOND HENNING— Born Jan. 22, 1864, D. C. 
 M. D., 1885, Georgetown. Resigned Aug. 31, 1893, and removed to 
 Cheriton, Va, 
 
 olo. JOSEPH N. GARDNER— Born Feb. 24, i860, D. C. M. D., 
 1889, Univ. Maryland. Removed to Baltimore, Md. Dropped, 1895, 
 from membership. 
 
 516. W^ILLIAM CREIGHTON WOODWARD— Born Dec. 11, 1S67, 
 D. C. M. D., 1889; LL. B., 1899; LL. M., 1900, Georgetown. Son of 
 Mark Rittenhouse and Martha Jane Pursell Woodward, of Washington. 
 Educated in public schools of Washington ; graduated from High School 
 in 1885. Employed in Washington Post Office, 18S6-91. Resident Phy- 
 sician, Central Dispensary and Emergency Hospital, 1892; Physician to 
 the Poor, 1893. July 20, 1893, appointed Coroner, D. C. Since Aug. i, 
 1894, Health Officer, D. C. ; Secretary to Board of Medical Supervisors, 
 D. C, for some years. Prof. State Medicine, Georgetown, Columbian 
 and Howard Medical Schools ; Prof. Med. Jurisprudence, Georgetown 
 Law School. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; A. M. A. ; Amer. Public 
 Health Assn; Washington Board of Trade. Married, Feb. 14, 1895, Ray 
 Elliott, daughter of Alexander and Mary Lavinia Scaggs Elliott. See 
 Who's Who in America; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908; History 
 City of Washington, 1903, p. 76. 
 
 517. DANIEL KERFOOT SHUTE— Born Oct. 22, 1858, Alexandria, 
 Va. A. B., 1879; M. D., 1883, Columbian. Son of Samuel Moore and 
 Jane Cecilia Kerfoot Shute. After graduation in medicine took post- 
 graduate course in Ophthalmology at Royal London Ophthalmic Hospi-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 343 
 
 tal and Univ. Berlin, Germany. Acting Clinical Asst. at London Hos- 
 pital, 1891. Prosector to Chair of Anatomy, Columbian College Med. 
 School, Washington, 1886-7 ; Lecturer on Anatomy, 1887-8; Prof. Anat- 
 omy since 1888 ; Consulting Ophthalmologist, Univ. Hospital, Central 
 Dispensary and Emergency Hospital, Providence Hospital, Columbia 
 Hospital and Govt. Hosp. Insane, D. C. Ex-President, Wash. Society 
 Ophthalmologists and Otologists. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; Wash. 
 Acad. Sciences ; Wash. Anthropolog. Society ; Clinico-Path, Society, 
 Washington; Microscop. Society, Washington; A. M. A.; A. A. A. S.; 
 Assn. Amer. Anatomists; Society of Cincinnati (hereditary member). 
 Author of A first book in organic evolution, Chicago, 1899. Contributor 
 to Reference Handbook Med. Sciences. Married, at Waltham, Mass., 
 Aug. 19, 1896, Augusta Pettigrew. See Who's Who in America ; Amer. 
 Men of Science, 1906; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 .518. JAMES HENRY MORGAN BARBER— Born Aug. 4, 1866, 
 Yates Hope, Md. M. D., 1888, Georgetown. 
 
 519. JOHN EDGAR WALSH— Born March 16, 1865, D. C. M. D., 
 
 1890, Columbian. Son of John J. and Elizabeth Walsh. Educated in 
 public schools, Washington, and St. John's College, Annapolis, Md. 
 Was Physician-Surgeon to Peary Relief Expedition, 1895. Resident Phy- 
 sician, Wash. Asylum Hospital; Attending Physician, St. Ann's Infant 
 Asylum; Bacteriologist and Med. Sanitary Inspector, D. C. , since 1895. 
 Invented a lock system for mail boxes and a safety watch-guard device. 
 Married, Nov. 4, 1897, Florence Butler. See Amer, Biog. Direct., Wash- 
 ington, 1908. 
 
 APRIL S, 1893 
 
 520. JEFFERSON DAVIS BRADFIELD— Born Feb. 8, 1868, Fau- 
 quier Co., Va. Phar. D,, 1886, Virginia Board of Pharmacy; M. D., 
 
 1891, Georgetown. Son of Cornelius Henry and Annie Elizabeth Holmes 
 Bradfield. Educated in private and public schools, Alexandria, Va. 
 Practiced pharmacy until 1S91. Married, Dec. 27, 1893, Flora Johnson. 
 See Georgetown University, II, p. 257. 
 
 521. FRANCIS SMITH NASH— Born Nov. 23, 1854, Virginia. A. B., 
 1876, Hampden-Sidney ; M. D., 1877, Univ. Va. Asst. Surgeon, Passed 
 Asst. Surgeon, U. S. Navy. Resigned from Society, May 3, 1905. See 
 Hamersly's Officers of Navy, 1890, p. 279. 
 
 522. JOHN VAN RENSSELAER— Born April 4, 1862, Belleville, N. 
 J. A. B., 1882 ; A. M., 1886, Hobart College, N. Y. ; M. D., 1889, Co- 
 lumbian.
 
 344 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 523. ALBERT EUGENE JOHNSON— Born Dec. 9, 1840, Coopers- 
 town, N. Y. M. D,, 1869, Columbian. 
 
 524. SAMUEL LUNT HANNON— Born Sept. 22, 1858, Pomonkey, 
 Charles Co., Md. M. D., 1888, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. 
 S. A., in war with Spain. Dropped from membership, 1901. Removed 
 to La Plata, Md. Son of Charles E. and Elizabeth H. Lunt Hannon 
 [daughter of Samuel H. Lunt, Alexandria, Va.]. Educated at Henry 
 School and Potomac Academy, Alexandria. Engaged sometime in phar- 
 macy. During yellow fever epidemic of 1876-7 was in drug stores in 
 Memphis, Tenn., and Paris, Texas; and in drug store, Washington, from 
 1879 to about 1883. Was awarded a scholarship, 1885, in Columbian 
 Med. College, Washington. On House Staff, Children's Hospital, Wash- 
 ington, 1885-9, and Garfield Hospital, 1888. Physician to Emergency 
 Hospital, 1891-3. Surgeon at Fort Stevens, North Dakota, in the Indian 
 Bureau, 1889-90. Member of Society of Phj'sicians and Surgeons to the 
 Poor, Washington. Married, Sept. 5, 1881, HoUie E. Hutton, Alexan- 
 dria, daughter of George Hutton, Liverpool, England. See Watson's 
 Biog., 1896, p. 6x2. 
 
 525. MAYNE MARSHALL PILE— Born Sept. 10, 1850, Somerset, 
 Pa. M. D., 1884, Woman's Med. College, Baltimore, 
 
 526. RUFUS DELBERT BOSS— Born April 19, 1S61, Riley, Mich. 
 M. D., 1891, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A., in war with 
 Spain. Removed, 1901, to Wacousta, Mich. 
 
 527. FREDERICH EDWARD MAXCY— Born May 15, 1853. Gardi- 
 ner, Me. M. D., 1879, Bowdoin. Died Dec. 25, 1908. Son of Ira and 
 Sarah A. Fuller Maxcy. Educated in the public schools of Gardiner ; 
 graduated from the High School, Westbrook (Maine) Seminary, and 
 Cooper Institute, N. Y. City. In 1880 was Interne at Maine General 
 Hospital, Portland. Practiced in Saco, Me., 1881-91, then removed to 
 Washington, D. C. Member, Med. Assn., D. C. Lecturer, Nurses' 
 Training School, Freedmen's Hospital, Washington; Clinical Lecturer, 
 Practice of Medicine, Howard Med. School. Married, Jan. 18, 1883, 
 Estelle A. Gilpatric, of Saco, Me. See Lamb's History, p. 139 ; Minutes 
 Med. Society, Jan. 20 and 27, 1908 ; Wash. Med. Annals, 1909, p. 71. 
 
 528. JOHN HENRY McCORMICK— Born March 25, 1870, D. C. 
 M. D., 1891, National Univ., D. C. Son of John H. and Julia A. McCor- 
 mick. Educated in public schools and Georgetown College, Washing- 
 ton. Married, in Washington, Sept. 16, 1890, Aimee Sioussat. Was 
 Asst. Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Univ. Med. School, 1891-2 ; Prof. Natural
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 345 
 
 Sciences, Mt. Vernon Seminary, Washington, 1890-1; and Washington 
 Seminary, 1892-6; Secy., Anthropolog. Society, Washington, 1893-1900; 
 Asst. Secy., Amer. Folk-Lore Society; Asso. Editor, Amer. Antiquarian, 
 1894-1896. Practiced medicine, Washington, 1890-1904 ; Secy., 8th In- 
 ternat. Geograph. Congress, 1904. See Who's Who in America. 
 
 529. CHARLES MILTON BUCHANAN— Born Oct. 11, 1868, Alex- 
 andria, Va. M. D., 1890, National Univ., D. C. Removed, October, 
 1894, to Tulalip, Washington. Superintendent of Indian Agency. 
 
 530. JOHN WILLIAM CHAPPELL— Born Nov, 22, 1855, D. C. B. 
 S., 1877 ; M. D., 1881, Columbian. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Amer. 
 Therapeutic Society; Montgomery Co., Md., Med. Society, and M. C. 
 F., Maryland. Ex-President Therapeutic Society, D. C, and President, 
 1906-7, of George Washington Univ. Med. Society. 
 
 531. WILLIAM PENN COMPTON— Born Aug. 23, 1865, Maryland. 
 M. D., 1889, Georgetown. 
 
 532. FRANK TENNEY CHAMBERLIN— Born Dec. 19, 1863, D. C. 
 Son of Dr. J. A. Chamberlin, supra. Educated at Georgetown College 
 and St. John's Academy, Alexandria, Va. M. D., 1885, Georgetown. 
 Sometime Prof. Laryngology, Georgetown Med. School. Resident Stu- 
 dent, Washington Asylum Hospital, 1881. After graduation in medicine 
 studied in Paris and Vienna. About 1887 became Assistant at Central 
 Dispensary, and sometime afterward aided in founding the Eastern Dis- 
 pensary. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; Med. and Surg. Society; 
 Wash. Board of Trade; President San Juan Battista Mining Co., Sonora, 
 Mexico. Sometime First Lieut., 3d Va. Nat. Guard. Married, July 25, 
 1888, Nannie Lee Naylor. See Georgetown University, II, p. 235. 
 
 533. JOHN BENJAMIN BAGGETT— Born Sept. 3, 1844, Mississippi. 
 M. D., 1869, Wash. Univ., Baltimore. Dropped from membership, 1897. 
 
 OCTOBER 4, 1893 
 
 534. JAMES ALOYSIUS MALONEY— Born Feb. 24, 1846, Baltimore, 
 Md. M. D., 1891, Columbian. Died Oct. 29, 1897. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, Nov. 3, 1897; Watson's Biog., 1896, p. 620. 
 
 535. FLOYD VERNON BROOKS— Born Jan. 25, 1856, Newark, N. J. 
 M. D., 1877, Jefferson. vSon of James J. (sometime Chief of Secret 
 Service, U. S. Treasury Dept.) and Maria Brooks. Educated in public
 
 346 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 schools, Philadelphia, Pa. Is Chief Surgeon, Chesapeake Beach R. R. 
 Member Med. Assn., D. C. Married Ada Florence Ash, of Evans City, 
 Pa. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 536. GEORGE HENDERSON— Born Aug. 6, 1843, Galena, 111. M. 
 D., 1885, Howard. Major and Surgeon General, National Guard, D. C, 
 since Dec. 22, 1890. [Grandson of William Henderson, of Aberdeen, 
 Scotland ; son of George Henderson, who served in the Indian Wars of 
 the West, having removed from Philadelphia to Wisconsin while it was 
 yet a Territory, and Jemima Haslet, granddaughter of Colonel John Has- 
 let, of Delaware (a personal friend of General Washington), and who was 
 killed at the battle of Princeton, N. J., Jan. 3, 1777, while leading the 
 1st Delaware regiment. His only son, Joseph Haslet, commanded a 
 regiment of Delaware troops in the War of 1812, and was severely 
 wounded; afterward was twice Governor of Delaware.] Attended public 
 schools and Page's Academy, Lancaster, Wis. Aug. 15, 1861, enlisted 
 in 7th Wis. Vols., one of the regiments of the " Iron Brigade," Army of 
 Potomac. Was twice wounded in second battle of Bull Run and se- 
 verely wounded at South Mountain, one month later, for which he was 
 discharged from service, Oct. 25, 1862. Since graduation has practiced 
 in Washington. Member Med, Assn., D. C. ; A. M. A, ; Assn. U. S. 
 Military Surgeons. Author of Preservation of health, etc., Washington. 
 Married, September, 1871, to Miss Mary C. Eels. See Lamb's History, 
 p. 178. 
 
 537. CHARLES RICHARD CLARK— Born Nov. 17, 1862, Cuyler, 
 N. Y. M. D., 1889, Columbian. Removed, 1896, to Warsaw, N. Y. In 
 1898 gave up the practice of medicine because of ill health, and was ap- 
 pointed Post Office Inspector. Removed to San Antonio, Texas. 
 
 538. HENRY SKINNER GOODALL— Born May 28, 1866, Greens- 
 boro, Vt. A, B., 1887, Williams ; M. D., 1890, Columbian. Removed, 
 December, 1895, to Charlemont, Mass., thence to Lake Kushagee, N. Y. 
 
 539. FRANK LEECH— Born Jan. 14, 1870, Prince George Co., Md. 
 M. D., 1891, Columbian. Brother of Dr. D. O. Leech, supra. 
 
 540. CLARENCE RUTER DUFOUR— Born Jan. i, 1853, Vevay, In- 
 diana. Phar. D., 1873, National College Pharmacy, D, C. ; M. D., 1890, 
 Georgetown. He was brother of Dr. J. F. R. Dufour, of Maryland. 
 Practiced pharmacy in Washington some years ; afterwards practiced 
 medicine. Has resided in Washington many years. Is married. Was 
 Prof. Pharmacy and Botany, 1883 to 1896, Howard Medical School; Phy- 
 sician in Charge of Eye Dept., Eastern Dispensary; Ophthalmologist and
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 347 
 
 Otologist, Sibley Hospital; Instructor in Ophthalmol, and Otol., George- 
 town Med. School ; Chief of Eye and Ear Clinic, Georgetown Univ. 
 Hospital ; Assistant in Eye and Ear Department, Emergency Hospital. 
 
 541. OSCAR ADDISON MACK McKIMMIE— Born March 13, 1868, 
 D. C. M. D., 1891, Columbian. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Med. and 
 Surg. Society, D. C; on Staff of Episcopal Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. 
 
 542. HENRY PERCIVAL PARR THOMPSON— Born Oct. 21, 1868, 
 Hancock, Md. M. D., 1890, South Carolina Med. College. Resigned, 
 Jan. 21, 1903, and removed to Hillsboro, Va. 
 
 543. HOWARD CARLYLE RUSSELL— Born Sept. 25, 1868, D. C. 
 M. D., 1891, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surgeon, U. S. M. H. S. Died March 
 2, 1904, Stapleton, Staten Island. 
 
 544. HENRY LIDDELL— Born Dec. 3, 1843, Northumberland, Eng- 
 land. M. D., 1891, National Univ., D. C. Removed, December, 1895, to 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. Son of Henry George and Barbara W. Greetham Lid- 
 dell. Educated at Burdis Acad., King Edward VI Grammar School, 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne. Came to America in 1862 ; served in Nova Scotia 
 Militia, with rank of Captain, 1863-4 ; attached to U. S. Sanitary Com- 
 mission, 1864-5. Married, Boston, 1887, Eva Louise Barnes. Traveled 
 extensively in Asia and Australia, 1865-82 ; in service of Japanese Gov- 
 ernment, 1873-9 ; attache foreign military contingent, Shanghai, China, 
 1879-80 ; employed in U. S. War Department, 1889-93 ; made several 
 visits to extreme north of American Continent, Labrador and the waters 
 of Hudson's Bay. Member of various European and American scientific 
 societies. Author of Traces of prehistoric civilization in Australia, 1871- 
 01 ; The Islands of the Antarctic, 1873-01 ; The romance of morning 
 glory, 1875-01 ; A cruise toward the North Pole, 1905. See Who's Who 
 in America. 
 
 545. WADE HAMPTON ATKINSON— Born Nov. 4, 1866, Johnston 
 Co., N. C. M. D., 1889, Georgetown. Resident Physician, Central Dis- 
 pensary and Emergency Hospital. Member Med. Assn., D. C, and 
 Med. and Surg. Society, D. C. 
 
 APRIL 4, 18»4 
 
 546. GEORGE NELSON PERRY— Born Oct. 12, 1850, Layman, 
 Ohio. M. D., 1884, Howard. Attended public schools and Bartlett 
 (Ohio) Academy and Mt. Union College, Alliance, Ohio. Since grad- 
 uation has practiced medicine in Washington. Prof. Pediatrics, after- 
 ward Obstetrics, Howard Med. School. Married. See Lamb's History, 
 p. 126,
 
 348 ~ MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 oi7. DANIEL BAEN STREET— Born March 10, 1842, Cambridge, 
 Md. M. D., 1874, Georgetown, Father of Dr. Baen Street, infra. 
 
 548. CHARLES L. MINOR— Born May 10, 1865, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 M. D., 1888, Univ. Virginia. Removed, 1896, to Asheville, N. C. Director 
 of National Assn. Study and Prevention Tuberculosis ; Vice Pres., Amer. 
 Climatolog. Assn. 
 
 549. JOHN RYDER WELLINGTON— Born Oct. 28, 1865, Albion, 
 Me. A. B., 18S6; A. M., 1891, Colby; M. D., 1891, Columbian. 
 
 550. THOMAS NORRIS VINCENT— Born Nov. 29, 1866, D. C. A. 
 B., 1885; A. M., 1891, Georgetown; M. D., 1889, Jefferson. 
 
 551. JOSEPH M. CARROLL— M. D., 1881, Univ. Maryland. Re- 
 moved to Baltimore, 1896. Resigned from Med, Society, Jan. 20, 1897. 
 
 552. JOHN EDMUND TONER— Born March 14, 1859, Loudoun Co., 
 Va. Phar, D., 1887, National College of Pharmacy, Washington ; M. 
 D., 1891, Georgetown. 
 
 553. CORNELIUS BRECKENRIDGE BOYLE— Son of Dr. Corne- 
 lius Boyle, supra. Born June 24, 1864, Gordonsville, Va. M, D., 1891, 
 Columbian. Removed, in 1896, to Hot Springs, S. D.; afterwards to 
 Bozeman, Montana. 
 
 554. LARKIN WHITE GLAZEBROOK— Born July 28, 1867, Rich- 
 mond, Va. M. D., 1890, College Phys. and Surg., N. Y,, and Long Is- 
 land College Hospital, Brooklyn. Son of Rev. Dr. Otis Allan and 
 Virginia Calvert Key-Smith Glazebrook. Educated at Univ. of the 
 South, Norwood's School, Richmond, Va., Episcopal High School, Va., 
 and Univ. Virginia. Sometime Resident Physician, St. Luke's Hos- 
 pital, South Bethlehem, Pa.; Attending Physician, Emergency Hospital, 
 Washington ; Washington City Orphan Asylum ; Coroner's Physician, 
 D. C, since 1903. Jan. 9, 1894, married Jane Threlkeld Cox. See 
 Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 555. CHARLES VOLNEY PETTEYS— Born May 12, 1847, Palmyra, 
 N. Y. Second Lieut., 138th N. Y. Vols. (Artillery). M. D., 1873, 
 Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A. Dropped from member- 
 ship, 1898 ; reelected, Oct. i, 1902. Son of Martin D. and Jane A. 
 Ketcham Petteys. Educated in countr)' schools. New York, Union Acad- 
 emy, Wayne Co., N. Y., and Spencerian Business College, Washington, 
 and by private instructor. Enlisted when 15 3'ears old ; took part in the 
 battles of the Wilderness and was at the attack on Washington ; was
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 349 
 
 given a medal of honor for gallantry at battle of Cedar Creek, Va. In 
 1873-84, served with U. S. troops in Crook's and Wilcox's campaigns 
 against the Indians. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Therapeutic Society, 
 Washington. President, Associated Survivors 6th Army Corps, Wash- 
 ington and New York. Past Medical Director, Dept. Potomac, G. A. R.; 
 Past Dept. Commander, Union Veterans' Union, Washington. See 
 Georgetown University, II, p. 201. 
 
 OCTOBER 3, 1894 
 
 556. HUGH WIIvSON BEATTY— Born March 9, 1850, Mifflin Co., 
 Pa. LL. B., 1872, Univ. Mich.; M. D., 1886, Howard. Died April 27, 
 
 1897. Graduated at State Normal School, Kirksville, Mo., in 1870. 
 Married Etta Orr, of Kirksville. Removed to Hutchinson, Kansas, in 
 1876 ; to Washington in 1883. Practiced medicine in Washington until 
 his death. See Lamb's History, p. 148; Minutes Med. Society, April 28, 
 1897. 
 
 557. ANITA NEWCOMB McGEE— Born Nov. 4, 1864, D. C. M. D., 
 1892, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A. Resigned from Soci- 
 ety, Oct. II, 1905. Daughter of Prof. Simon Newcomb, of U. S. Naval 
 Observatory, and Mary Carolina Hassler Newcomb. Educated in pri- 
 vate schools, Washington, and took special course at Newnham College, 
 Cambridge, England, and Univ. Iowa. Post graduate (medical), Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital. Practiced medicine in Washington, 1892-6. Fellow 
 and ex-Secretary, A. A. A. S. ; Surgeon General, Librarian General, Vice- 
 President General and Historian General, National Society, D. A. R. ; 
 Director, D. A. R. Hospital Corps, April to September, 1898, selecting 
 trained women nurses for army and navy service. Appointed, Aug. 29, 
 
 1898, Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., the only woman to hold such a posi- 
 tion ; assigned to duty in Surgeon General's Office, in charge of army 
 nurse corps of trained women, which she organized. When U. S. Con- 
 gress approved this work by making the nurse corps of trained women a 
 permanent part of the army, the pioneer stage was passed and she re- 
 signed, Dec. 31, 1900. About 2,000 women served during her incum- 
 bency. In 1904, as President Society Spanish-American War Nurses and 
 as Representative of Philadelphia Red Cross Society, and by agreement 
 with the Japanese Government, she, with a party of trained nurses, for- 
 merly in U. S. Army, served in Japanese Army for six months gratui- 
 tously. Was appointed by Minister of War, Supervisor of Nurses, which 
 placed her in same rank as officers of Japanese Army, and inspected and 
 reported on relative nursing conditions. The Emperor of Japan be- 
 stowed upon her the Order of the Sacred Crown, a very rare distinction, 
 and she also holds the "special" decoration of the Red Cross of Japan
 
 350 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 and the War Medal. After returning from Japan she lectured on A 
 woman's experience in the Japanese Army. Member of United Spanish 
 War Veterans (the only woman eligible) and Assn. Military Surgeons, 
 United States. Founder and first President, Spanish-American War 
 Nurses. Married, i88S, W J McGee. See Who's Who in America ; 
 Woman's Med. Journal, Toledo, 1896, V, p. 27 ; 20th Cent. Biog. Diet.; 
 Amer. Men of Science; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 558. EMORY WILLIAM REISINGER— Born Sept. 16, 1871, D. C. 
 M. D., 1893, Georgetown. Son of Wm. Wagner and Julia Reisinger. 
 Educated in schools in Washington and in Paris and Nice, France. 
 Demonstrator of Anatomy, Georgetown Med. School, since 1894; Lec- 
 turer on Osteology since 1898. Sometime Resident Physician, Emer- 
 gency Hospital, and Wash. Asylum Hospital. Member Med. Assn., D. 
 C; A.M. A.; Wash. Acad. Sciences; Assn. Amer. Anatomists. Married, 
 Sept. 27, 1898, Laura Ethel Barnett, of Wisconsin. See Amer. Men of 
 Science, 1906; Georgetown University, II, p. 102. 
 
 559. WILLIAM BATES FRENCH— Born Jan. 9, 1855, D. C. M. D., 
 1885, Columbian. 
 
 560. HORACE MORGAN DEEBLE— Born July 18, 1851, D. C. M. 
 D., 1880, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., U.S. A., 1880-1891. Dropped 
 from membership, 1899. 
 
 561. GEORGE BARRIE— Born June 3, 1865, Australia. M. D., 1892, 
 Georgetown. 
 
 562. WILLIAM DAVIS HUGHES— Born June 19, 1835, Honey 
 Creek Valley, Miami Co., Ohio. A. B., i860; A. M., 1863, Ohio Wes- 
 leyan Univ.; M. D., 1884, Howard. Attended the district school, 
 classical course at New Carlisle Academy, and Ohio Wesleyan Univ. In 
 1861-2 was Superintendent of public schools, Fairfield, Ohio ; examiner 
 of teachers of Miami Co. public schools. Studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1864. In the same year opened an office in Troy, Ohio, in 
 partnership with Hon. H. H. Williams, under the firm name of Hughes 
 and Williams. Was elected Mayor of Troy in 1872, and reelected in 
 1874. In 1876, removed to Sidney, Ohio, and after the election of Pres- 
 ident Garfield, in 1880, came to Washington. Since graduation in med- 
 icine has practiced in Washington. See Lamb's History, p. 182. 
 
 563. ALLEN WALKER— Born July 14, 1852, Hightown, England. 
 M. D., 1886, Univ. Maryland. Dropped from membership, 1S97. Med- 
 ical Examiner, Prudential Insurance Co.
 
 DISTRICT OF COIX'MBIA 35 1 
 
 564. ANNE AUGUSTA WII^SON— Born vSept. 20, 1S59, Baltimore, 
 Md. M. D., 1892, Royal College Phys. and Surg., Edinburgh and Univ. 
 Brussels. Died March 13, 1908, of diabetes. Served as Head Physician 
 at Clapham Maternity Hospital, London, in 1892. In summer of 1893 
 came to Washington. Largely through her efforts the Dorothea Dix 
 Dispensary was opened. Medical Assistant at Central Dispensary, and 
 for several years on Staff of National Florence Crittenton Home. Also 
 helped to form the Instructive Visiting Nurses' Society and until her 
 death was an active worker therein. See Minutes Med. Society, March 
 18 and 25, 1908 ; Wash. Med. Annals, 1908, VII, p. 282. 
 
 565. STERLING RUFFIN— Born July 20, 1866, Graham, N. C. M. 
 D., 1890, Columbian. Brother of Dr. G. M. RufiBn, infra. Prof. Mat. 
 Med, and Therap., 1899-1902, and of Theory and Practice of Medicine 
 since 1902, Columbian. 
 
 566. PRESLEY CRAIG HUNT— Born March 4, 1871, Newport, R. I. 
 M. D., 1891, Georgetown. Educated at Emerson Institute, D. C. Resi- 
 dent Physician, Emergency Hospital, 1892 ; Asst. Gynecologist, George- 
 town Univ. Hosp., 1894-8; in charge Nervous Diseases, Central Dispen- 
 sary, 1893-5; Neurologist, Providence Hospital, since 1905 ; Examining 
 Physician, U. S. Volunteers, 1898-9; Ward Physician, 1901. Member 
 Med. Assn., D. C; Washington Society Mental and Nervous Diseases; 
 Med. Society, George Wash. Univ. Med. School ; Med. Society, George- 
 town Univ. ; Asst. Demonstrator Anatomy, George Wash. Univ. Med. 
 School. 
 
 567. LOUIS ALWARD JOHNSON— Born Oct. 6, 1870, D. C. M..D., 
 1892, Georgetown. 
 
 568. JOHN HEPBURN YARNALL— Born Aug. 2, 1856, D. C. M. 
 D., 1881, Columbian. 
 
 569. WM. LITTLETON ROBINS— Born Sept. 14, 1869, near Snow 
 Hill, Md. M. D., 1890, Univ. Maryland. Son of James Bowdoin and 
 Ella Anna Purnell Robins ; of English descent. Educated in public 
 schools, Berlin and Snow Hill, Md., and Shenandoah Valley Academy, 
 Winchester, Va. In 1894 attended clinics in hospitals of London and 
 Paris. Practiced at Snow Hill one year, then removed to Washington, 
 in 1893. Served during the Spanish-American War. Was Clinical As- 
 sistant one year. University Hospital, Baltimore; Resident Physician, 
 Good Samaritan Hosp., Baltimore; Asst. Resident Physician, Maryland 
 Hospital for Insane, Catonsville, Md.; Asst. and in charge of Nervous 
 Diseases, Emergency Hospital, Washington, six years; in charge of Ner-
 
 352 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 vous Diseases, Freedmen's Hospital, Washington. Member A. M. A.; 
 
 Med. Assn., D. C. ; A. A. A. S. Married, Dec. 19, 1894, Elizabeth G., 
 
 daughter of Dr. W. G. Palmer, supra. See Univ. Maryland, 1907, II, 
 p. 413- 
 
 570. ROZIER MIDDLETON— Born Sept. 18, 1861, Herndon, Va. 
 M. D., 1889, Columbian. Died Jan. 31, 1901. See Minutes Med. Soci- 
 ety, Feb, 6 and 13, 1901; Trans. Med. Society, 1901, VI, p. 53. 
 
 571. JOHN KURTZ— Born April 20, 1848, Ft. Johnson, S. C. Ph. B., 
 1866; M. D., 1870, Columbian. Removed to Moorhead, Minn., about 
 1876; returned to Washington in 1892. 
 
 572. JAMES STUART— Born May 28, 1865, Statesburg, S. C. A. B., 
 1886, Charleston College, S. C. ; M. D., 1892, Columbian. Associate, 
 Lutheran Eye, Ear and Throat Infirmary, Washington. Son of Benj. 
 Rhett Stuart, of Charleston. 
 
 573. NANCY D. RICHARDS— Born Aug. 27, 1844, Washington Co., 
 Pa. M. D., 1880, Wooster, Removed, 1898, to New Philadelphia, Ohio. 
 Married. 
 
 574. HENRY JOSEPH CROSSON— Born March 8, 1870, Minneap- 
 olis, Minn. M. D., 1890, Georgetown. 
 
 575. JOHN ALBERTSON vSTOUTENBURG— Born Dec. 7, 1870, 
 Hyde Park, N. Y. M. D., 1891, Georgetown. 
 
 576. ANTON COE— Born Dec. 21, 1848, New Haven, Conn. M. D., 
 1888, Columbian. Dropped from membership, 1904. Died Nov. 5, 1908, 
 at New Haven. 
 
 577. GEORGE ROBERT LEE COLE— Born Jan. 19, 1864, D. C. 
 Phar. D., 1885, National College Pharmacy, D. C. M, D., 1887, Univ., 
 Maryland. Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A. Son of Thos. Walter and 
 Sarah Ann Wilson Cole. Educated in private schools, and St. John's 
 Military Academy, Alexandria, Va. Interne, 1887-90, Providence Hos- 
 pital, Washington ; Assistant, 1889-90, Emergency Hospital, Wash- 
 ington. Attended clinics, 1890, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, England. 
 Surgeon, D. C. N. G., five years. Lectured on Diseases of Rectum, 
 National Univ. Med. School. Married, Dec. 7, 1900, Minnie Dale Ber- 
 nard Dorsey. See Univ. Maryland, 1907, II, p. 246.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 353 
 
 APRIL 3, 1895 
 
 578. WILLIAM FRANCIS WALTER— Born Oct. i8, 1870, D. C. 
 A. M., 1888, St. John's College, D. C; M. D., 1892, Georgetown. 
 
 579. CHARLES MASSEY HAMMETT, Jr.— Born Oct. 26, 187 1, D. 
 C. Son of Dr. C. M. Hammett, supra. M. D., 1892, Georgetown. 
 
 580. JOHN E. CARPENTER— Born Feb. 14, 1842, Aberdeen, Ohio. 
 Hosp. Steward, 12th Ohio Vols. ; First Lieut., 175th Ohio. M. D., 1866, 
 Charity Hospital Med. College, Cleveland, Ohio ; 1893, Univ. BuflFalo. 
 Died May 4, 1899. Enlisted Sept. i, 1861, 12th Ohio Vols. ; appointed 
 Hospital Steward, July i, 1862 ; transferred, July i, 1864, to 23d Ohio 
 Vols., and Oct. loth, appointed First Lieutenant and Adjutant, 175th 
 Ohio. Mustered out, July, 1865. Practiced pharmacy several years in 
 Memphis, Tenn. Then removed to Charleston, Miss., as Judge of Pro- 
 bate Court, Tallahassee Co. About two years afterwards removed to Wash- 
 ington ; employed in U. S. Pension Bureau, where he continued till his 
 death. Member of Board of Trustees, Reform School, D. C; Prof. Phar- 
 macy and Botany, Howard Med. School, See Lamb's History, p. 125. 
 
 581. BERNARD AUGUST STORCH— Born Oct. 9, 1843, Swartzburg- 
 Rudolstadt, Germany. Came to United States while a boy. M. D., 
 1S63, Univ. Iowa. Surgeon at Estes House Hospital, Keokuk, Iowa, 
 during part of the Civil War. Afterwards took a special course at Univ. 
 Berlin. Came to Washington in 1890. Died Nov. 30, 1906. A son. Dr. 
 C. M. Storch, practices at Grand Rapids, Mich. See Minutes Med. So- 
 ciety, Jan. 16, 1907; Wash. Med. Annals, 1907-8, VI, p. 55. 
 
 582. HOBART SOUTHWORTH DYE— Born Jan. 17, 1848, Bridge- 
 water, Oneida Co., N. Y. M. D., 1876, Columbian. Studied medicine 
 with Dr. Hiram S. Crandall at Leonardsville, N. Y. Began practice at 
 New Berlin, N. Y., May 3, 1876. Was made a member of the Chenango 
 County Med. Society in 1876, President, 1891-2. Removed to W^ashing- 
 ton, May, 1893. Member Consulting Board of Washington Asylum Hos- 
 pital; Associate at Episcopal Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital ; As- 
 sistant, Eye and Ear, at Emergency Hospital, Washington. Member 
 Med. Assn., D. C. ; George W'ashington Univ. Med. Society; Washington 
 Society of Ophthalmologists and Otologists ; A. M. A.; Amer. Laryngo- 
 log., Rhinolog. and Otolog. Society. 
 
 583. ANTHONY HEGER— Born Dec. 4, 1828, Austria. M. D., 1848, 
 Univ. Penna. Appointed Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A., Aug. 25, 1856; pro- 
 moted Captain, Aug. 29, 1861 ; Surgeon and Major, Sept. 17, 1862 ; Lt. 
 Col., Jan. 24, 1866; Col. and Asst. Surgeon Gen., Jan. 2, 1891; retired 
 
 2X
 
 354 MEDICAX, SOCIETY 
 
 Dec. 4, 1892. Advanced in rank to Brig. Gen., U. S. A., retired, by act 
 of April 23, 1904. Brevetted Lt. Col., March 13, 1865, for faithful and mer- 
 itorious services during the war. Resigned from Med. Society, April 13, 
 1904. Died Jan. 25, 1908. See Brown's Historj^ p. 294 ; Powell's His- 
 torj', p. 367; Who's Who in America; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 
 1908. 
 
 584. SAMUEL EDWIN LEWIS— Born March i, 1838, D. C. M. D., 
 1864, Med. Coll. Virginia. Asst. Surg., C. S. A. Attended lectures at 
 Columbian Med, College, D. C, 1861-2, studying with Drs. J. C. Riley, 
 supra, andN. S. Lincoln, supra. Went South in June, 1863, and attend- 
 ed Med. College of Virginia at Richmond, 1863-4, and graduated. Ap- 
 pointed Acting Asst. Surg., Prov. Army, C. S. A., and, July 19, 1864, 
 Asst. Surgeon. April 3, 1865, surrendered at Richmond, and was con- 
 tinued on duty by U. S. Army officers with sick and wounded till April 
 17th, when he was paroled. Practiced medicine in Baltimore till 1868, 
 and was member of Baltimore Med. Assn. From 1868 to 1884 conducted 
 a pharmacy in Washington. Resumed practice in 1893. Was the first 
 Vice President, 1901-2, and afterwards President, 1907-8, Assn. Med. 
 Officers, Arm}' and Navy of Confederacy. 
 
 585. AURELIUS RIVES SHANDS— Born Nov. 5, i860. Prince 
 George Co., Va. M. D., 1884, Univ. Maryland. Son of Dr. A. R. 
 Shands. Graduated at Univ. School, Petersburg, Va. Prof. Orthopedic 
 Surgery since 1894, Columbian Med. School; Prof. Orthopedic Surgery, 
 Univ. Vermont. Member Wash. Acad. Sciences ; Amer. Orthopedic 
 Assn.; Southern Surg. Assn. ; Virginia State Med. Society. See Who's 
 Who in America. 
 
 586. SAMUEL EVANS WATKINS— Born Feb. 11, 1871, D. C. Son 
 of Louis and Emily H. Evans Watkins. Educated at Emerson Institute, 
 Washington. M. D., 1892, Georgetown. Sometime Demonstrator in 
 Dermatology, etc., Georgetown Med. School; Associate, Emergency 
 Hosp. Member Med. Assn., D. C. See Georgetown University, II, p. 266. 
 
 587. LOUISA MILLER BLAKE— Born June 2, 1853, New Jersey. 
 M. D., 1893, Columbian. Wife of Dr. L. C. Blake, Washington. 
 
 588. OSCAR HENRY COUMBE— Born Dec. 31, 1858, D. C. M. D., 
 1891, National Univ., D. C. 
 
 589. AUSTIN J. O'MALLEY— Born Oct. i, 1858, Pittston, Pa. A. 
 B., 1878, Fordham; A. M., 1888; Ph. D., 1889; M. D., 1893, Georgetown; 
 LL. D., 1895, Notre Dame, Ind. Removed, 1895, to South Bend, Ind.; 
 to Philadelphia about 1904, where he is Ophthalmologist and Pathologist
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 355 
 
 to St. Agnes' Hospital. Son of William and Catherine Ward O'Malley. 
 Descendant of Diarmuid O'Malley, chieftain, 1415, of Upper and Lower 
 Umhall, West Ireland. Studied some time in Italy and Germany. Some- 
 time Instructor in Bacteriology, Georgetown Med. School. Sometime 
 Prof. English Literature, Notre Dame University. See Georgetown Uni- 
 versity, II, p. 265. 
 
 590. JOHN THOMAS COLE— Born Oct. 30, 1856, Virginia. M. D., 
 1 89 1, Georgetown. 
 
 591. FLORENCE DONOHUE— Born Dec. 15, 1842, Killarney, Ire- 
 land. Graduated, 1857, Trumansburg Academy, Tompkins Co., N. Y. 
 Served in Civil War as enlisted man. Has been Med. Director and Surg. 
 General, G. A. R., and Army and Navy Union, and Surgeon of the " Old 
 Guard." M. D., Georgetown, 1872. Died June 24, 1908. 
 
 592. TALIAFERRO CLARK— Born May 14, 1867, Virginia. A. B., 
 Emory and Henry College, Va. ; M. D., 1890, Univ. Va. Acting Asst. 
 Surg, and Passed Asst. Surgeon, U. S. M. H. S. 
 
 593. JOHN AMBROSE DRAWBAUGH— Born Nov. 10, 1863, Cum- 
 berland Co., Pa. Son of Samuel O. and Elizabeth Hamaker Drawbaugh. 
 D. D. S., 1888; M. D., 1890, National Univ., D. C. Afterward took spe- 
 cial course at hospitals, Vienna, Austria. Married Gertrude Iseman, of 
 Washington. Died May 27, 1898, Asheville, N. C. See Minutes Med. 
 Society, Oct. 5 and 12, 1898; Trans. Med. Society, 1898, III, p. 131; Na- 
 tional Med. Rev., 1898-9, VIII, p. 361. 
 
 594. HARRY THEODORE HARDING— Born Jan. 21, 1870, Bing- 
 hamton, N. Y, M. D., 1893, College Phys. and Surgeons, N. Y. City. 
 
 595. DUFF GREEN LEWIS— Born Oct. 26, 1869, West Virginia. 
 A. B., Wash, and Lee Univ.; M. D., 1891, Univ. Virginia. 
 
 596. JOHN HENRY JUNGHANS— Born Nov. 5, 1868, D. C. A. B., 
 1888; A. M., 1891; M. D., 1891, Georgetown. 
 
 597. FRANCIS PATTERSON MORGAN— Born Dec. 25, 1867, Dan- 
 bury, N. H. A. B., 1890, Harvard; M. D., 1893, College Physicians and 
 Surg., N. Y. Son of Francis H. Morgan (sometime member of N. H. 
 Legislature, afterward Chief of Division, Second Auditor's OflBce, Treas- 
 ury Dept., Washington) and Martha E. Le Bosquet Morgan. Educated 
 in public schools, Washington ; graduated, 1886, at High School. In- 
 structor in Materia Medica and Demonstrator of Pharmacy, Columbian
 
 356 MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 Med. School, D. C; Lecturer, Wash. Training School for Nurses. Mem- 
 ber Med. Assn., D. C; Clinico-Path. Society, D. C. One of the founders 
 Amer. Therapeutic Society. Oct. i, 1895, married Ida Adele Pearce, 
 daughter of Henry O. and Mary A. Pearce, of Brooklyn, N. Y. See 
 Who's Who in America ; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 598. WILLIAM EDMUND W^OLHAUPTER— Born April 23, 1869, 
 D. C. Son of Dr. D. P. Wolhaupter, supra. Phar. D., 1888, National 
 College Pharmacy, D. C; M. D., 1890, Georgetown. Surgeon, 1890, on 
 Steamer " Fish Hawk." Died Jan. 21, 1896. See Minutes Med. Society, 
 Jan. 22, 1896; National Med. Review, 1896, V, p. 5. 
 
 599. MABEL CORNISH— Born Aug. 24, 1867, D. C. A. B., 1889, 
 Vassar; M. D., 1892, Woman's Med. College, N. Y. City. Married, 1897, 
 to S. R. Bond, Washington. Dropped, 1899, from membership. 
 
 600. NATHANIEL BOWDITCH MORTON— Born, Wellesley, Mass. 
 M. D., 1887, Harvard. Removed to Santa Catalina Island, Cal. Mem- 
 ber of N. Y. County Med. Society ; Med. Legal Society, N. Y. State. 
 See Shepherd Peter, First aid to the injured, N. Y., 1882. 
 
 601. ARGYLE MACKEY— Born, 1868, North Carolina. M. D., 1890, 
 Univ. Maryland. Died Aug. 28, 1896, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 OCTOBER 2, 1895 
 
 602. GEORGE BURTON HEINECKE— Born Dec. 15, 1871, D. C. 
 M. D., 1892, Columbian. Acting Asst. vSurg., U. S. A, Educated in the 
 public schools of Washington. 1892-3, Resident Physician, Emergency 
 Hospital; 1893-4, Surgeon, U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Fish 
 Hawk." Engaged in private practice since 1895 in Washington, except 
 1898, when he was Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A., during War with 
 Spain; at Santiago, Cuba. Member A. M. A,; Alumni Med, Society, 
 George Washington Univ. 
 
 603. ALBERT RHETT STUART— Born Aug. 10, 1868, Spartansburg, 
 S. C. Son. of Rev. Albert Stuart, D. C. A. B., 1888; A. M., 1891, Trin- 
 ity College, Hartford, Conn.; M. D., 1892, Univ. Virginia. 
 
 601. PHILIP JAISOHN— Born in 1866. M. D., 1892, Columbian. 
 Removed, 1896, to Korea. Was in Primus, Pa., 1900-6. 
 
 605. WALLACE JOHNSON— Born May 2, 1867, Middletown, Ohio. 
 Ph. B., 1889; Ph. M., 1892, Wooster Univ., Ohio; M. D., 1892, Med. Col- 
 lege of Ohio. Resigned from Society, Nov. 2, 1904, and removed to
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 357 
 
 Nampa, Idaho. Son of Charles B. and Sarah M. Hanger Johnson. Edu- 
 cated at Middletown public schools and Wooster Univ. Attended 
 Friederich-Wilhelm Univ., Berlin, and K. K. Univ. Austria, Vienna, 
 1893-4. Married, Wooster, O., July 5, 1900, Magdalene Masters. Ex- 
 terne, 1891-2 ; Interne, 1892-3, Cincinnati Hospital; post-graduate work 
 abroad, 1893-4 ; Asst. Demon. Histology, 1896-9, Demonstrator Pathol- 
 ogy and Bacteriology, 1900-4, Georgetown Med. School ; in charge of 
 Clinical Diagnosis Dept., Lionel Laboratory, Central Dispensary and 
 Emergency Hospital, Washington, 1897-1904; Assistant on various services 
 of Central Dispensary, 1S95-1904. Practiced medicine, Washington, 
 1894-1904; now at Bruneau Valley, Idaho. Member Med. Assn., D. C; 
 A. M. A.; Southern Idaho Med. Society; Idaho State Med. Society; 
 Washington X-ray Laboratory. Author, with Dr. M. D'Arcy Magee, 
 infra, of Surgery (Medical Epitome series), 1904, L, 12. See Who's 
 Who in America. 
 
 606. ROBERT W. BAKER— Born July 5, 1863, Va. M. D., 1S87, 
 Univ. Virginia. 
 
 607. THOMAS ASH CLAYTOR— Born July 14, 1869, West River, 
 Md. M. D., 1891, Univ. Penna. Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A., in War 
 with Spain. Prof. Materia Medica and Therapeutics, G. W. Univ. Med. 
 Dept ; and Clinical Professor of Medicine. 
 
 60S. RUDOLPH H. VON EZDORF— Born Aug. 13, 1872, Phila- 
 delphia, Pa, M. D., 1894, Columbian. Resigned from Society, July 4, 
 1898. Asst. Surgeon, Passed Asst. Surgeon, U. S. M. H. S. 
 
 609. FRANK PALMER VALE— Born Dec. 18, 1871, D. C. M. D., 
 
 1892, Georgetown ; 1894, Univ. Penna. Resident Physician, Providence 
 Hospital, January, 1893, to January, 1894. Served as Police Surgeon 
 seven years, ending July, 1906. Co-author with Dr. J. B. Nichols, hifra, 
 of Pocket text book on histology and pathology. Awarded first prize of 
 I250 by Med. Society, D. C, for best essay on any medical or surgical 
 subject. Title, An essay on shock. Demonstrator of Pathology, George- 
 town Med. School, 1895 to 1900. Awarded Fiske Fund Prize for 1908, 
 (1200) for the best essay : Has surgical treatment lessened the mortality 
 from appendicitis ; Providence, 1908. 
 
 610. LOUIS PERCY SMITH— Born Dec. 10, 1871, D. C. M. D., 
 
 1893, Coll. Phys. and Surg., N. Y. Post-Graduate, 1894, Vienna. Asst. 
 Surg., U. S. A. Resigned from Society, Oct. 13, 1897. Died Jan. 8, 
 1901, Manila, P. I. See Powell's History, p. 597.
 
 358 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 611. CHARLES WRIGHT FILLER— Born Oct. 6, 1852, Lovettsville, 
 Va. M. D., 1876, Univ. Md. Dropped from membership, 1903. Died 
 March 22, 1905, of epithelioma of tongue. 
 
 012. ALBERT SIDNEY MADDOX— Born June 23, 1866, West Va. 
 M. D., 1S90, Bellevue. Resigned, Oct. 29, 1902 ; removed to New York 
 
 City. 
 
 G13. WILFRED MASON BARTON— Born July 16, 1871, D. C. M. 
 D., 1892, Georgetown. Author, with W. A. Wells, infra, of Thesaurus 
 of medical words and phrases, Philadelphia, 1903. Son of William 
 Henry and Harriet Garrison Barton. Educated in public schools, Wash- 
 ington. Sometime Resident at Washington Asylum Hospital ; Interne, 
 U. S. Marine Hospital, Chicago ; House Physician, Columbia Hospital, 
 Washington. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; ex-President, Clin- 
 ical Society, Washington ; corresponding member, London Therapeutic 
 Society. Med, Inspector of Schools, Washington ; Asst. Prof. Materia 
 Medica, etc.. Georgetown Med. School. Married, 1905, Miss Minnie A. 
 Quinn, of Worcester, Mass. See Georgetown Universit}', II, p. 262. 
 
 614. FRANK ROLLINS RICH— Born April 25, 1864, Reisterstown, 
 Md. M. D., 1889, Univ. Maryland. Removed, 1898, to Towson, Md., 
 afterwards to Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 APRIL 1, 1896 
 
 615. SOFIE AMALIE NORDHOFF— Born April 24, 1867, Germany. 
 M. D., 1893, Columbian. Married Dr. F. A. R. Jung, infra. Educated 
 in Germany and France ; post-graduate medical work at Univ. Munich 
 and Paris Ecole de Med. Member Med. Assn., D. C; Wash. Acad. 
 Sciences. Married, July 23, 1896. See Who's Who in America ; Amer. 
 Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 616. RUPERT NORTON— Born July 21, 1867, Ashfield, Mass. A. 
 B., 1888; M. D., 1893, Harvard. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 1899- 
 1900. Resigned from Society, Jan. 24, 1900, and removed to Paris, 
 France. Was Med. Referee, N. Y. Mutual Life Insurance Co., in Paris, 
 in 1900-6. Then returned to United States. Is Asst. Supt., Johns Hop- 
 kins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 617. FREDERICK OGLE ROMAN— Born June 7, 1866, Belleville, 
 111. A. B., St. John's College, Washington; M. D., 1894, Columbian. 
 Son of Richard and Isabelle Ogle Roman ; descendant of Samuel Ogle, 
 Colonial Governor of Maryland in 1775, and Col. Joseph Ogle, of War of
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 359 
 
 Amer. Revolution. Educated in public schools and St. John's College, 
 Washington. Practices medicine in Washington. Married, Jan. 28, 
 1887, Katherine Stanhope Hogan. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washing- 
 ton, 1908. 
 
 618. CHARLES WESLEY KEYES— Born March 17, 1854, Clare- 
 mont, N. H. M. D., 1890, Howard. Died of apoplexy, Dec. 19, 1905. 
 His family removed from New Hampshire to Vermont while he was j'et 
 an infant. When he grew up he was engaged for some years on news- 
 paper work in Farmington, Me. In i88x was appointed Special Exam- 
 iner, U. S. Pension Ofi&ce, Washington. After graduation in medicine 
 he studied law. He finally resigned his office and practiced medicine in 
 Washington. Married Miss Kate Tomlinson, of Washington. One 
 brother. Dr. F. P. Keyes, lives in Brooklyn, N. Y. See Lamb's History, 
 p. 189; Minutes Med. Society, Jan. i and 10, 1906; Wash. Med. Annals, 
 1906, V, p. 55. 
 
 619. CLARENCE ARLINGTON WEAVER— Born Jan. 19, 1871, D. 
 
 C. M. D., 1892, Jefferson. Surgeon, ist D. C. N. G., and Asst. Surg., 
 
 D. C. Vols., 1898. After graduation was Resident Surgeon, Jefferson Hos- 
 pital, Philadelphia, for twenty months. Since then has practiced medi- 
 cine in Washington. Was commissioned Surgeon, National Guard, D. C, 
 January, 1894; Surgeon, ist Regt., D. C. N. G., May, 1897, and served 
 as Surgeon, ist D. C. Infantry, U. S. V., in the Spanish-American War. 
 Is married. See Lamb's History, p. 267. 
 
 620. JAMES RAMSAY NEVITT— Born June 25, 1867, Naylor's 
 Hold, Richmond Co., Va. M. D., 1892, Columbian. Son of Robert K. 
 and Mary Ramsay Nevitt. Educated in public schools of Washington 
 and Columbian Univ., from which he graduated in 1889. Sometime em- 
 ployed in the Engineering Dept., D. C. Student at Washington Asylum 
 Hospital, 1891, Resident Physician, 1892; Police Surgeon, 1893, and served 
 during smallpox epidemic, 1894 ; President of Board of Police Surgeons, 
 1895. On the staff of Emergency Hospital. Coroner since 1900 and Med- 
 ical Examiner to Physicians to the Poor. Member Med. Assn., D. C; 
 A. M. A. Dec. 19, 1894, married Miss Mary C. Hine, daughter of Mr. 
 and Mrs. L. G. Hine, of Washington. See Amer, Biog. Direct., Wash- 
 ington, 1908 ; History City of Washington, 1903, p. 75. 
 
 621. RANDOLPH BRYAN CARMICHAEL— Born June 20. 1869, 
 Fredericksburg, Va. M. D., 1889, Jefferson. 
 
 622. EDW^IN EMERY MORSE— Born Jan. 7, 1867, Maine. M. D., 
 1892, Columbian; L. M., Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
 
 360 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 623. CHARLES CLAGETT MARBURY— Born July 11, 1870, near 
 Upper Marlboro, Md. A. B., 1890, St. John's College, Annapolis, Md.; 
 M. D., 1893, Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., in War with 
 Spain. Son of Kendall M. and Sallie Clagett Berry Marbury. After 
 graduation in medicine attended N. Y. Polyclinic. House Physician, 
 Providence Hospital, Washington, 1895-6, Attending Physician since 
 1897 ; Prof. Clinical Medicine, Georgetown Med. School ; Surgeon to 
 Police and Fire Depts. since 1900. During War with Spain served at 
 Santiago, Cuba; afterward in command of Leiter U. S. Gen. Hosp., 
 Chickamauga, Ga. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; Clinical So- 
 ciety, Washington ; Society of Mental and Nervous Diseases, Washing- 
 ton. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 624. ADA REBECCA THOMAS— Born Aug. 6, 1868, Trenton, N. J. 
 M. D., 1893, Woman's Med. College, Philadelphia. Daughter of James 
 Reed and Rebecca Dean Thomas. Graduated at N. J. State Model 
 School, 1885, where later she did post-graduate work. 1893, Interne at 
 Woman's Hospital, Philadelphia. Resident, 1893-4, at Philadelphia 
 Hospital. Since Dec, 1894, has practiced medicine in Washington. 
 Sometime Physician to Woman's Clinic ; Associate in Diseases of Chil- 
 dren, Emergency Hospital ; Physician to National Florence Crittenton 
 Home ; Lecturer on Obstetrics, Sibley Hospital Training School, since 
 1899, and on Children's Diseases, at Emergency Hospital Training 
 School, since 1902. Member Med. Assn., D. C, and A. M. A. 
 
 OCTOBER 7, 1896 
 
 625. SUSAN JOHNSON SQUIRE— Born March 17, 1841, Baltimore, 
 Md. M. D., 1889, Howard. Wife of Dr. Linus T. Squire, Washington. 
 After graduation practiced medicine at Orlando, Fla., from 1889 to 
 1894 ; since then in Washington, D. C. See Lamb's History, p. 217. 
 
 626. WALTER D. CANNON— Born May 16, 1865, Indiana. M. D., 
 1S90, Georgetown. Dropped, 1899, from membership. 
 
 627. WILLIAM ROBEY MADDOX— Born March 8, 1855, Erie, Pa. 
 M. D., 1876, Jefferson. Died Oct. 25, 1899. Practiced medicine in 
 Philadelphia until 1884 ; then at Fort Hall Indian Agency, Rose Fork, 
 Idaho, five years. Removed to Washington in 1889, where he practiced 
 until his death. See Minutes Med. Society, Nov. i and 8, 1899 ; Trans. 
 Med. Society, 1899, IV, p. 173 ; Nat. Med. Review, 1899-1900, IX, p. 
 530.
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 36 1 
 
 628. PHEBE RUSSELL NORRIS— Born Feb. 4, i860, Monrovia, 
 Md. B. E., 1879, Brethren's Normal College, Penna. M. D., 1891, Co- 
 lumbian. 
 
 629. ABBIE CUTLER TYLER— Born Nov. 11, 1835, Warren, Mass. 
 M. D., 1868, New England Female Med. College, Boston, Mass. Died 
 Jan. 6, 1906. Educated in schools at Warren, Mass., and Woodstock, 
 Vt. Assisted in hospital work, N. Y. City. Studied one year in London 
 and Paris hospitals. Practiced medicine at Cooperstown, N. Y., and 
 Waukegan, 111., for ten years ; afterwards in Washington. Buried at 
 Warren, Mass. See Minutes Med. Society, Jan. 24, 1906 ; Wash. Med. 
 Annals, 1906-7, V, p. 56. 
 
 630. ALBERT LIVINGSTON STAVELY— Born Sept. 10, 1S63, Pa. 
 A. M., 1885, Princeton ; M. D., 1888, Univ. Penna. 
 
 631. THOMAS BEAUREGARD CRITTENDEN— Born March 11, 
 1862, Shackelfords, Va. M. D., 1895, Georgetown. Removed, 1897, to 
 Horton, W. Va. 
 
 632. ADELINE ELWELL METCALF PORTMAN— Born Feb. 27, 
 i860, Ottawa, 111. A. M., 1876, Mt. Vernon College, 111.; M. D., 1887, 
 Univ. Iowa. Post-graduate Student at Univ. Iowa, and in London, 1888- 
 94. Asst. Physician, Emergency Hospital, Washington. See Cordell's 
 Med. Annals, Maryland, p. 537. 
 
 633. WILLIAM A. CALDWELL— Born Sept. 29, 1862, W. Va. M. 
 D., 1892, Columbian. Died June 6, 1903, Rockville, Md. Of Scotch- 
 Irish descent ; his great grandfather was one of the first settlers near Ft. 
 Henry, now Wheeling, W. Va. Educated in public schools, and taught 
 school. Studied medicine with Dr. John L. Dickey, of Wheeling. Res- 
 ident Physician, two years, Garfield and Columbia Hospitals ; Prof. Ner- 
 vous and Mental Diseases, National Univ. Med. College, Washington. 
 In 1899-1901, because of pulmonary tuberculosis, sought relief in the 
 Adirondacks and other places, and became so much better that he was 
 elected Prof. Anatomy and Physiology, West Virginia Univ. Married 
 Miss Kate L. English, Frederick, Md. See Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 
 7 and Nov. 4, 1903 ; Wash. Med. Annals, 1903-4, II, p. 353. 
 
 634. WALTER AUGUSTINE WELLS— Born March 6, 1870, Bladens- 
 burg, Md. M. D., 1891, Georgetown. Co-editor Wash. Med. Annals. 
 Prof. Laryngology and Otology, Georgetown Med. School. Son of 
 Charles A. and Mary Lucretia (Hyatt) Wells. Educated, Bladensburg 
 Academy and public schools of Washington; graduated, Wash. High
 
 362 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 School, 1889, and Columbian Univ. Post-graduate medical work, Chicago 
 Polyclinic, 1892-3; Univ. Vienna, 1894-5. Resident Student, Washington 
 Asylum, 1891 ; Interne, Marine Hospital, Chicago, 1892-3 ; began practice 
 of medicine in Washington, 1895; Surgeon in Charge of Ear and Throat 
 Dept., Garfield Hospital; Associate Attending Physician, Episcopal Eye, 
 Ear and Throat and Georgetown Univ. Hospitals; sometime Demonstrator 
 Laryngology, Georgetown Medical School. Asso. Editor Jour, of Eye, 
 Ear and Throat Diseases, Baltimore, and collaborator for The Laryngo- 
 scope, St. Louis. Member American Rhinol., Laryngol. and Otol. Soci- 
 ety ; Wash. Acad. Sciences. Author, with Dr. Wilfred M. Barton, supra, 
 of Thesaurus of medical words and phrases, 1903. Married, June 19, 
 1899, at Washington, Frances M. Gibson. See Amer. Biog. Direct., 
 Washington, 1908 ; W^ho's Who in America. 
 
 635. JOHN HITZ METZEROTT— Born Dec. 2, 1865, D. C. M. D., 
 1891, Columbian. See E. Landesmann, Therapy of the clinics, Chicago, 
 1897. Member Wash. Acad. Sciences. See Who's Who in America. 
 
 636. EDWIN GLADMON— Born Feb. 27, 1859, Virginia. Phar. D.; 
 1880, National College Pharmacy, D. C. ; M. D., 1890, National Univ., 
 D. C. Removed, 1S99, to Southern Pines, N. C. 
 
 APRIL 1, 1897 
 
 637. GEORGE TITUS HOWLAND— Born May 18, 1862, N. Y. M. 
 D., 1886, Bellevue; 1890, Univ. Berlin. Dropped from membership, 1903. 
 Removed from D. C. to the Bermudas. 
 
 638. HUGH CLARENCE DUFFEY— Born Jan. 4, 1870, Hillsboro, 
 Md. M. D., 1891, Georgetown. 
 
 639. VIRGIL B. JACKSON— Born Oct. 3, 1868, Front Royal, Va. 
 M. D., 1895, Columbian. Co-editor Wash. Medical Annals. Educated 
 in public schools. Front Royal ; finished sophomore year at Columbian 
 Univ., Washington. Resident Physician, W^ashington Asylum Hospital; 
 since then has practiced medicine in W^ashington. Associate Surgeon, 
 Emergency Hospital ; Visiting Physician, Foundling Hospital ; Asst. 
 Gynecologist, George Washington Univ. Hospital, 1894-5; Demonstrator 
 Anatomy and Clinical Surgical Assistant, G. W. Univ.; Police Surgeon, 
 1897. Member Clinical Society ; Med. Assn., D. C. See Amer. Biog. 
 Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 640. WILLIAM LINCOLN MASTERSON— Born Dec. 25, 1868, Co- 
 shocton, Ohio. M. D., 1895, Columbian. Post-graduate course at N. Y. 
 Polyclinic, 1905.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 363 
 
 641. THOMAvS MILLER— Born Oct. 12, 1857, Glasgow, Scotland. 
 M. D., 18S4, Howard. Attended Business College, Adrian, Mich. Since 
 graduation has practiced medicine in Washington. Attended special 
 course in Ophthalmology, Georgetown Med. School. Lecturer on Anat- 
 omy and Diseases of Children, 1887-91, Howard Med. School. See 
 Lamb's History, p. 128. 
 
 «42. CHARLES LEWIS ALLEN— Born Sept. 24, i860, S. C. M. 
 D., 1887, Univ. Maryland. Resigned from the Society, Nov. 29, 1899, 
 removing to Trenton, N. J.; afterwards to Los Angeles, Cal. Is now 
 practicing at Pasadena, Cal. 
 
 643. NOBLE PRICE BARNES— Born Aug. 16, 1871, Killbuck, Hol- 
 mes Co., Ohio. M. D., 1893, Baltimore Med. College. Surgeon, Battery 
 A, Light Artillery, D. C. Son of Dr. E. P. and Sarah M. Barnes. Edu- 
 cated at public schools ; graduated 1889, High School, Millersburg, 
 Ohio. Chief of Service, Diseases of Children, Eastern Dispensary and 
 Casualty Hospital, 1898 ; Prof. Diseases of Children, 1898, Materia 
 Medica and Therapeutics, 1902, Med. Dept. National Univ. Lecturer, 
 Materia Medica and Toxicology, George Washington Univ. Med. Dept., 
 1905 ; one of the organizers of Amer. Therapeutic Society, its Secretary 
 eight years ; Secretary, Section Therapeutics, Fourth Pan-American 
 Med. Congress. Member National Assn. for Study, Treatment and Pre- 
 vention of Tuberculosis; A. M. A.; Pres,, Therapeutic Society, Wash- 
 ington, and Wash. Med. and Surg. Soc. Married, Sept. 15, 1897, Isabel 
 Cameron McGregor. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 644. JOHN DANIEL THOMAS— Born Aug. 13, 1868, Northampton 
 Co., Va. A. B., 1889, Hampden-Sidney; M. D., 1892, Univ. Virginia. 
 Contract Surgeon, U. S. A., Spanish-American War. Prof. Physical 
 Diagnosis, Georgetown Univ.; Ex-President, Clinical Society, D. C. ; 
 member Clinico-Patholog. Society, Med. and Surg. Society, and Obstet. 
 and Gynecolog. Society, D. C. 
 
 645. FRANCIS LIEBER— Born in 1869, St. Paul, Minn. M. D., 
 1891, Univ. Penna. Acting Asst, Surgeon, U. S. A. Died Oct. 10, 1898, 
 Nassau, Florida, of typhoid fever. Grandson of Prof. Francis Lieber, 
 the historian; son of Gen. G. N. Lieber, Judge Advocate General, U. S. A. 
 After graduation in medicine was Resident Physician two years at Univ. 
 and Episcopal Hospitals, Philadelphia ; afterwards attended hospitals in 
 Berlin and Vienna. Sometime Assistant at Central Dispensary and Emer- 
 gency Hospital, Washington; Demonstrator Physical Diagnosis, George- 
 town Med. School. See Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 12 and 19, 1898 ; 
 Trans. Med. Society, 1898, III, p. 132; N. Y. Med. Jour., 1898, LXVIII, 
 p. 711; Nat. Med. Rev., 1898-9, VIII, p. 362.
 
 364 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 646. EDWIN MARBLE HASBROUCK— Born July 17, 1866, vSyra- 
 cuse, N. Y. M. D., 1895, Georgetown. Son of Cyrus L. and Adeline 
 W. Marble Hasbrouck. Educated at Syracuse University. Asst. Surg., 
 Georgetown Univ. Hospital ; Prosector Anatomy, Georgetown Med. 
 School. Has worked in biological and ornithological fields. Member 
 Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; Wash. Med. and Surg. Society. Married, 
 April 20, 1S97, Harriet Ann Blackistone, St. Mary's Co., Md. See Amer. 
 Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 647. FRANK RANDALL HAGNER— Born March, 1873, D. C. Son 
 of Dr. C. E. Hagner, supra. M. D., 1894, Columbian. 
 
 648. GEORGE WILLL\M WOOD— Born July 25, 1863, Charles Co., 
 Md. M. D., 1894, Georgetown. Med. Officer, U. S. Fish Commission, 
 1894-5, Steamer " Fish Hawk." Took post-graduate course, 1895, Phil- 
 adelphia. Assistant, Diseases of Women, 1896-8, Casualty Hospital, 
 Washington. 
 
 649. ROBERT FRENCH MASON— Born April 27, 1869, Charlottes- 
 ville, Va. M. D., 1895, Univ. Maryland. 
 
 OCTOBER 6, 1897 
 
 650. LEWIS JUNIUS BATTLE— Born Aug. 6, 1865, Raleigh, N. C. 
 Ph. B., 1886, Univ. North Carolina; M. D., 1893, Univ. Penna. Surgeon, 
 B. and O. R. R. Member of Staff of Casualty Hospital, Washington. 
 
 651. FRANCIS ANTHONY MAZZEI— Born Dec. 3, 1863, Basilicata, 
 Italy. M. D., 1895, Columbian. 
 
 652. FRANZ AUGUST RICHARD JUNG— Born Oct. 9, 1869, Suhl, 
 Germany. _ M. D., 1893, Univ. Leipzig. Son of Herman and Marie 
 Jung. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; Wash. Acad. Sciences. 
 Knight Order St. Stanislaus, conferred by Czar of Russia, April, 1902 ; 
 Order of the Crown, conferred by German Emperor, June, 1904. Mar- 
 ried, July 23, 1896, Dr. Sofie A. Nordhoff, supra. See Who's Who in 
 America; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 APRIL 6, 1898 
 
 653. MURRAY GALT MOTTER— Born Aug. 29, 1866, Emmetsburg, 
 Md. A. B., 1886 ; A. M., 1889; B. S., 1887, Pennsylvania College, Get- 
 tysburg, Pa.; M. D., 1890, Univ. Penna. Resigned Oct. 24, 1900; re-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 365 
 
 elected Oct. i, 1902. Co-editor Wash. Med. Annals. Author, with Dr. 
 Reid Hunt, of Changes in the Pharmacopoeia, Washington, 1905. Now 
 in Hygienic Laboratory, Navy Dept. Sometime Deputy Health OfiBcer, 
 D. C. 
 
 654. JAMES RICHARD TUBMAN— Born March 31, 1867, Alexan- 
 dria, Va. M. D., 1895, Columbian. 
 
 655. LINNAEUS SAMUEL SAVAGE— Born Oct. 24, 1871, Whaley- 
 ville, Va. M. D., 1893, Baltimore Med. College. 
 
 656. HOMER SANFORD MEDFORD— Born Jan. 24, 1873, D. C. M. 
 D., 1895, Columbian. 
 
 657. EDMUND BARRY— Born June 22, 1864, D. C. M. D., 1891, 
 Columbian. Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A., 1898-04. Member Board 
 of Police and Fire Surgeons, D. C. 
 
 658. JOHN BENJAMIN NICHOLS— Born Feb. 2, 1867, Cazenovia, 
 N. Y. M. D., 1891, Columbian. Son of George C. and Ellen Farr Ingra- 
 ham Nichols. Attended public schools; graduated 1884, Cazenovia Sem- 
 inary. Asst. Surgeon, 1894-9, U. S. Soldiers' Home, Washington; Path- 
 ologist and Assistant in Med. Dispensary Service, Garfield Memorial 
 Hospital ; Pathologist, Episcopal Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital; Attend- 
 ing Physician, Freedmen's Hospital ; Prof. Histology and Embryology, 
 Columbian University. Member Med. Assn., D, C. ; A. M. A, ; Amer. 
 Climatolog. Assn.; ex-President, Clinical Society, Washington; mem- 
 ber Washington Anthropolog. Society ; G. W. Univ. Med. Society. 
 Author of Manual of clinical laboratory methods, N. Y., 1902; Diet 
 in t3'phoid fever — Fiske Fund prize essay. Providence, 1907. See also, 
 Nichols and Vale, Histology and Pathology, Philadelphia, 1899. Mar- 
 ried, May 27, 1891, Annie Gledhill. See Who's Who in America ; Amer. 
 Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908 ; G. W. U. Annual, 1905, p. 20 ; Colum- 
 bian Univ. Annual, p. 63; G. W. U. Bibliog., 1904, p. 43; G. W. U. 
 Bulletin, Oct., 1905, p. 86. 
 
 659. GEORGE WINSLOW FOSTER— Born in 1845, Burnham, Me. 
 M. D., 1871, Bowdoin. Removed, 1901, to Bangor, Me., where he died, 
 Jan. 4, 1904. 
 
 660. WILLIAM PEYTON TUCKER— Born in 1870. M. D., 1893, 
 Ensworth.
 
 366 MEDIC AI, SOCIETY 
 
 601. ABRAHAM BARNES HOOE— Born April 12, 1871, Va. M. D., 
 1896, Columbian. 
 
 662. LEIGH H. FRENCH— Born in 1863. M. D., 1894, Univ. Minn. 
 Resigned May 16, 1900. Removed to Nome, Alaska. 
 
 663. MONTE GRIFFITH— Born Feb. 10, 1862, Jefferson Co., Va, 
 Phar. D., 1890, National College Pharmacy, D. C; M. D., 1896, Univ. 
 Maryland. Son of Capt. Joseph Thomas and Jane R. Willson Griffith. 
 Educated at Berryville (Va.), High School; Norwood (Va.), High 
 School and College ; Univ. of Virginia. Outdoor Physician, Children's 
 Hospital, Washington, 1896-99; Asst. Surgeon, Episcopal Eye, Ear and 
 Throat Hospital, 1897 ; since 1905, Associate Physician and Surgeon of 
 same. Prof. Physiology, Wash. Dental College and Hospital of Oral 
 Surgery (now Dental School of Georgetown Univ.), 1898-1901. Ophthal- 
 mologist and Aurist, Children's Hospital, 1905. Asst. Prof, Ophthal- 
 mology, Georgetown Med. School, 1906. Member Med, Assn., D. C, 
 Secretary, 1901-3 ; A. M. A. ; Ophthalmolog. and Otolog. Society ; 
 Clinical Society (President, 1902-3); Therapeutic Society; Trustee 
 Southern Industrial Educational Assn. Married, Oct. 11, 1899, Miss 
 Mary Worthington Milnor, of Baltimore, Md. See Amer, Biog. Direct,, 
 Washington, 1908 ; Univ. Maryland, 1907, II, p. 455. 
 
 664. MICHAEL D'ARCY MAGEE— Born July 21, 1871, Norfolk, 
 Va. A. B., 1893; A. M., 1895, Rock Hill College, Ellicott City, Md.; 
 M, D., 1896, Georgetown. Son of Michael and Mary Hoban Magee. 
 Sometime Interne and Acting Superintendent, Garfield Memorial Hos- 
 pital; Demonstrator in Surgery and Lecturer on Minor Surgery, George- 
 town Med. School. Member Med. Assn., D. C, and Clinical Society, 
 Washington. Married, April 25, 1899, Margaret Parker, of Portsmouth, 
 Va. See Georgetown University, II, p. 106. See Magee and Johnson, 
 Peterson's Surgery, Philadelphia, 1904. 
 
 665. ARCHIE WARD BOSWELL— Born April 22, 1871, Prince 
 George Co., Md, M, D., 1894, Columbian. 
 
 OCTOBER 5, 1898 
 
 666. JOHN CRAYKE SIMPSON— Born July 12, 1858, Pelius Grove, 
 Pa. M. D., 1882, Univ, Pennsylvania, 
 
 667. VICTOR E. WATKINS— Born Nov. 12, 1871, Hawley, Pa. M, 
 D., 1894, Georgetown. Acting Asst, Surg., U. vS, A, Resigned from 
 Society, Jan. 13, 1904.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 367 
 
 668. MAURICE ERWIN MILLER— Born Jan. 15, 1868, Reading, 
 Pa. M. D., 1895, Jefferson. 
 
 669. ISABEL HASLUP— Born Sept. 16, 1864, Laurel, Md. M. D., 
 1897, Howard. Married, July 3, 1899, Dr. D. S. Lamb, supra. Daughter 
 of J. Waters and Susannah Harrison Haslup. Educated in public 
 schools, Baltimore ; graduated at State Normal School, and taught in 
 Maryland and Washington schools till 1892. Sometime Externe, Freed- 
 men's Hospital. Since graduation has practiced in Washington. Assist- 
 ant in Gynecology, Freedmen's Hospital; Med. Inspector, Public Schools; 
 Attending Physician, W^oman's Dispensary, 1897-9; Clinician, Woman's 
 Clinic, 1898-1900. Member Therapeutic Society, Washington ; Med. 
 Assn., D. C. Co-author of Lamb and Lamb's Rules of health, 1900. 
 See Lamb's History, p. 138; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 670. JESSE HOUCK RAMSBURGH— Born Sept. 25, 1869, Frederick 
 Co., Md. A. B., 1890; A. M., 1895. St. John's College, Annapolis, Md.; 
 M. D., 1895, Univ. Va. Acting Asst. Surg,, U. S. A. Son of John 
 Stephen and Drusilla Hellen Beeson Ramsburgh ; descendant of Rams- 
 burghs, who emigrated to Maryland in 1656, and Beesons, who founded 
 Uniontown, Penna. ; Thomas Johnson, first Governor of Maryland, and 
 Hon. John Grubb, an officer in the Colonial Wars. Educated at the 
 Frederick Acad, and St. Johh's College, Annapolis. In 1895 attended 
 post-graduate course, N. Y. Polyclinic and N. Y. hospitals. Resident 
 Physician, 1895-6, Providence Hospital, Washington; Assistant at Emer- 
 gency Hospital; on Staff of Georgetown Univ. Hospital. During Span- 
 ish War served with army in Cuba, Montauk Point and Plattsburg, N. 
 Y. Received laudatory letter from officers of i6th U. S. Inf. before San- 
 tiago, Cuba. Prof. Oral Surgery, Georgetown Med. School ; Consultant 
 in Diseases of Throat and Chest, Frederick City (Md.) Hosp. ; Chief of 
 Clinic, Free Dispensary for Consumptives, Washington ; Secretary and 
 Treasurer, Wash. Sanatorium for Tuberculosis. Member Society Army 
 Santiago de Cuba. Married, Nov. 21, 1900, Edith, daughter of Dr. Wm. 
 E. Roberts, .yzz/ra. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908; George- 
 town University, II, p. 113. 
 
 APRIL 5, 1899 
 
 671. JACOB PRESTON MILLER— Born Jan. 19, 1853, Fayette Co., 
 Pa. M. D., 1878, Med. College, Ohio. Died Jan. 23, 1909. Educated 
 in public schools and by private tutor ; taught school four years. Prac- 
 ticed eighteen years at Buckhannon, W. Va.; Vice President, Society of 
 W. Va. Took post-graduate courses in New York, Paris, Berlin and 
 Vienna. Member A. M. A.; Internat. Med. Congress, 1887; Med. Assn., 
 D. C. In service at Dispensary Clinic, Garfield Hospital and Episcopal
 
 36S MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Eye, Ear and Throat Hosp., Washington. In 1891 married Debra Anna 
 Gore, of Clarksburg, W. Va. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 
 1908; Minutes Med. Society, March 17, 1909; Wash. Med. Annals, May, 
 1909, p. 134. 
 
 672. JOHN BAILEY MULUNS— Born Feb. 17, 1867, Princess Anne 
 Co., Va. M. D., 1887, Univ. Maryland. Died Feb. 11, 1909. Son of 
 Col. John Mullins, of Mississippi. Educated at Virginia Polytechnic 
 Institute, Blacksburg, Va. In 1894 married Miss Annette B. Kennedy, 
 of Brunswick, Mo. Practiced at Baltimore until 1899, when he removed 
 to Washington. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; Amer. Laryn- 
 gol., Rhinol. and Otol. Society ; Clinical Society, Washington. Assist- 
 ant Physician Emergency Hospital. Sometime Demonstrator Laryn- 
 gology and Rhinology, Georgetown Med. School. See Slinutes Med. 
 Society, March 10, 1909; Wash. Med. Annals, May, 1909, p. 134; George- 
 town University, II, p. 123. 
 
 673. WILSON PRESTMAN MALONE— Born July 23, 1S63, Old 
 Fort, N. C. M. D., 1888, Univ. Maryland. Took post-graduate course, 
 1892, Presbyterian "Eye and Ear Infirmary, Baltimore, Md., and 1897, in 
 Eye and Ear, at Johns Hopkins. 
 
 674. CHARLES EMORY FERGUSON— Born Dec. 27, 1873, Rock- 
 ville, Ind. M. D., 1896, National Univ., D. C. 
 
 675. ERNEST W. FOWLER— M. D., 1895, Coll. P. and S., N. Y. 
 City. Removed, 1902, from D. C. Contract Surgeon, U. S. A. 
 
 676. BERNARD LAWRISTON HARDIN— Born June 14, 1870, 
 Lexington, Va. B. S., 1890, Va. Mil. Institute ; M. D., 1895, Columbian. 
 
 677. WILLIAM GERRY MORGAN— Born May 2, 1868, Newport, 
 N. H. A. B., 1890, Dartmouth ; M. D., 1893, Univ. Penna. 
 
 OCTOBER 4, 1899 
 
 678. THOMAS DOWLING, Jr.— Born June 26, 1870, D. C. Grad- 
 uated at Emerson Institute, Washington; M. D., 1898, Columbian. Asst. 
 Med. Examiner, Volunteer Relief Dept., Penna. R. R., 1905-8. Asst. 
 Med. Examiner, and afterward Surgeon, Washington Terminal Co. 
 
 679. ROBERT SCOTT LAMB— Born Oct. 15, 1876, D. C, M. D., 
 1898, Howard. Son of Dr. D. S. and Elizabeth Scott Lamb, supra. At- 
 tended public schools ; graduated from High School, Washington, in
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 369 
 
 1893 ; attended Cornell University, 1893-4, After graduation in med- 
 icine practiced two years, was then appointed Med. Inspector in service 
 of Penna. R. R,, in Pennsylvania. Studied at Pennsylvania and Wills 
 Eye Hospitals, Philadelphia. Returned to Washington and resumed 
 practice. For some years was Prof. Physiology, U. S. College Vet. Sur- 
 geons, Washington. Is Associate Attend. Physician, Episcopal Eye, 
 Ear and Throat Hospital ; Prof. Ophthalmology, Howard Med. School ; 
 Ophthalmic Surgeon, Freedmen's Hosp. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; 
 A. M. A.; and Wash. Ophthalmolog. Society. Married, Feb. 5, 1901, 
 Sarah Keen, daughter of Geo. J. and Sarah McClosky Keen, Wash- 
 ington. See Lamb's History, p. 137, 
 
 680. WALLACE NEFF— Born Oct. 13, 1852, Cincinnati, Ohio. A. B., 
 1874; A. M., 1S77, Princeton; M. D., 1879, Med. College, Ohio. Sur- 
 geon, U. S. Vols. 
 
 (iSl. WILLIAM E. WHITSON— Born April 19, 1874, Virginia. M, 
 D., 1898, Columbian; 
 
 APRIL 4, 1900 
 
 682. JOHN RYAN DEVEREUX— Born Dec. 16, 1868, Lawrence, 
 Kansas. B. S., 1889; M. A., 1893, Manhattan College, N. Y. ; M. D., 
 1892, Univ. Penna. Acting Asst. Surg, and Asst. Surg., U. S. A. 
 
 OCTOBER 3, 1900 
 
 683. GEORGE BOAZ COREY— Born May 28, 1865, D. C. M. D., 
 1897, Howard. Son of James Weed and Charlotte E. (Caywood) Corey ; 
 descendant of Giles Corey, of Salem Farms, immortalized in Longfellow's 
 "Christus;" of Isaac Preston Corey, author of Corey's Ancient Frag- 
 ments, the first translation of the Hieroglyphics of Egypt; of Lord Row- 
 ton, Montague Corey, biographer of Disraeli ; of Samuel Andrews, an 
 officer under Gen. George Washington; of Benoni Andrews, of the 
 French and Indian W^ar; and of Anneka-Jans Bogardas, grand daughter 
 of William of Orange. Was educated in public schools and Columbian 
 Univ. Since graduation has practiced medicine in Washington. Mar- 
 ried, in 1889, E. Louise Fowler, of Baltimore, Md., who died in 1893. In 
 1896, married M. Lucia Naylor, of Pekin, 111. See Lamb's History, p. 
 160. 
 
 684. DANIEL WEBvSTER PRENTISS, Jr.— Born Sept. 9, 1874, D. 
 C. Son of Dr. D. W. Prentiss, siipra ; brother of Dr. E. C. Prentiss, in- 
 fra. B. S., 1895; M. D., 1899, Columbian. Asst. Prof. Histology, G. 
 
 W. Univ. Med, School ; Associate in Gynecology, Emergency Hospital ; 
 
 24
 
 37© MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Visiting Physician, Freedmen's Hospital; Pathologist, Sibley and Emer- 
 gency Hospitals. Member Med. Assn., D. C. Unmarried. See Amer. 
 Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 685. WILLIAM KRAFFT WARD— Born Feb. 18, 1876, D. C. M. D., 
 iSyg, Columbian. Asst. Surgeon, U. S. M. H. S. 
 
 686. HARRY HURTT— Born Feb. 22, 1873, Kent Co., Md. M. D., 
 1895, Univ. Maryland. Of English descent; son of James W. and Mary 
 Elizabeth Woodland Hurtt. Educated at village school, Shrevi'sbury 
 Academy and Washington College. Post-graduate course at Johns Hop- 
 kins Hospital, 1895-6. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; Clinical 
 Society, Washington ; Wash. Acad. Sciences. See Amer. Biog. Direct., 
 Washington, 1908. 
 
 687. HENRY ALEXANDER POLKINHORN— Born Feb. 26, 1874, 
 D. C. M. D., 1896, Med.-Chirurg. College, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 688. AMELIA FRANCES FOYE— Born Aug. 15, 1871, Honeoye, N. 
 Y. M. D., 1898, Howard. See Lamb's History, p. 166, 
 
 685), MICHAEL FRANCIS GALLAGHER— Born May 30, 1S59, 
 Pennsylvania. M. D., 1889, Georgetown. Sometime Immigrant In- 
 spector, Immigration Service. 
 
 690. KATHRYN LORIGAN— Born Nov. 6, 1877, Vermont. M. D., 
 1897, Bishop's College, Montreal. Dropped from membership, 1904. 
 Removed to Allegheny, Pa. 
 
 691. JAMES ROANE— Born in i860. M. D., 1882, Georgetown. 
 Dropped from membership, 1896. 
 
 APRIL 3, 1901 
 
 692. HENRY JOHNS RHETT— Born Oct. 10, 1863, Newport, R. I. 
 A. B., 1885, Brown; M. D., 1890, Univ. Penna. 
 
 693. HANSON THOMAS ASBURY LEMON— Born Feb. 3, 1869, 
 Baltimore, Md. M. D., 1896, Columbian. 
 
 694. ELIZABETH BAILEY MUNCEY— Born Jan. 6, 1858, Bristol, 
 Pa. M. D., 1898, Howard. Educated at Bristol High School and State 
 Normal School, Millersville, Pa. Taught at Bristol High School. Since 
 graduation has practiced medicine in Washington. See Lamb's History, 
 p. 201.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 37 1 
 
 095. JOSEPH CARLISLE DE VRIES— Born May 26, 1869, N. Y. 
 City. M. D., 1895, Univ. City New York. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. 
 A., Spanish-American War; Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. N, 1903-5. Re- 
 moved to Watkins, N. Y. Prof. Pathology, Med. Dept., National Univ., 
 Washington, 1899-1903 ; Attending Gynecologist, Emergency Hospital, 
 1899-1903 ; Recorder, Assn. Military Surgeons, U. S. ; member Med. 
 Assn., D. C. ; A. M. A. ; Attending Surgeon, St. Bartholomew's Clinic, 
 N. Y. City, and Attending Gynecologist, Columbus Hospital, N. Y. City; 
 honorary member Indian Med. Assn., Calcutta, India, and Societe de 
 Med. et d'Hygiene Tropicales, Paris, France; Secretary and Treasurer, 
 New York Assn. Med. Examiners. 
 
 696. THEODORE YOUNG HULL— Boru Aug. 24, i860, N. Y. City. 
 
 B, Sc, 1884, Amity College, Iowa; M. D., 1892, Columbian. Removed, 
 1906, to San Antonio, Texas. Dropped from membership, Jan. 27, 1909. 
 
 697. EDWARD F. PICKFORD— Born July, 1868, Schenectady, N. 
 Y. A. B., 1890, Union College, Schenectady; M. D., 1S95, Albany. 
 
 698. ANDREW DUNBAR FORSYTHE— Born March 31, 1874, Har- 
 rodsburg, Ky. M. D., 1897, Hosp. Coll. Med., Louisville, Ky. Died 
 July 31, 1907, of peritonitis. Son of Dr. Matthew Leander and Bettie 
 Griffith Forsythe. Graduated, 1892, Central Univ., Ky. Resident Phy- 
 sician, 1897-8, Louisville City Hospital; Children's Hospital, 1899-1900, 
 Randall's Island, N. Y. Harbor; member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A. 
 Sept. 17, 1903, married Mary D. Asquith, Washington. See Amer. Biog. 
 Direct., Washington, 1908; Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 9, 1907; Wash. 
 Med. Annals, 1907, VI, p. 394. 
 
 OCTOBER 2, 1901 
 
 699. WILLIAM JULIUS REICHMANN THONSSEN— Born March 
 28, 1851, Cleve, Holstein, Germany. M. D., 1S88, Howard. Educated 
 in public schools in Holstein and Altona. Taught school at Chapel Hill 
 and Houston, Texas, and Fredericksburg, Va., 1871-85. Attended post- 
 graduate course at Columbian Med. School, 1892-3. Married, 1877, Miss 
 Marie Catherine Stephan, of Baton Rouge, La. See Lamb's History, 
 p. 223. 
 
 700. FERDINAND CLAIBORNE WALSH— Born Jan. 27, 1877, D. 
 
 C. Son of Dr. Ralph Walsh, supra. M. D., 1899, Univ. Va. Removed 
 to Cananea, Sonora, Mexico.
 
 372 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 701. WILLIAM NORWOOD SUTER— Brother of Dr. H. Suter, 
 supra. Born Oct. ii, 1861, Berryville, Va. A. B., 1883, Univ. Va.; 
 M. D., 1886, Univ. Md. Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 1887-92. Author of Re- 
 fraction, etc., Philadelphia, 1903; Handbook of optics, N. Y., 1899. See 
 Powell's History, p. 616. 
 
 702. CLARENCE AUSTIN SMITH— Born Jan. 24, 1861, Derby, 
 Conn. A. M., 1882, Yale ; M. D., 1887, Coll. Phys. and Surg., N. Y. 
 Interne, 1887-9, Bellevue Hospital. Removed to Seattle, Wash., June, 
 18S9; in 1899 was at Elizabeth, N. J.; in 1900 in N. Y. City and at Johns 
 Hopkins. Practiced, 1901-2, in Washington City. Resigned, 1902, from 
 the Society, and returned to Seattle. Editor of Northwest Medicine. 
 
 703. WILLIAM RAYMOND MOULDEN— Born Jan. 16, 1877, D. C. 
 M. D., 1900, Columbian. Removed to Manila, P. I., 1901; afterward to 
 Bethesda, Md., where he is practicing medicine. 
 
 704. THOMAS SIM LEE— Born Dec. 24, 1868, N. Y. City. A. B., 
 1891, Harvard ; M. D., 1894, College Phys. and Surg., N. Y. City. Son 
 of Dr. Chas. Carroll and Helen Parrish Lee. Educated in private schools, 
 N. Y. City; Stonyhurst College, England. Sometime Interne in N. Y. 
 hospitals; did post-graduate work in hospitals at Vienna and Johns Hop- 
 kins. Is Visiting Physician to Home for Incurables, Washington; Asst. 
 Prof, Physiology, Georgetown Med. School. See Georgetown Univ., II, 
 p. 121. 
 
 APRIL 2, 1902 
 
 70.5. DANIEL BAEN STREET, Jr.— Born Sept. 15, 1875, D. C. Son 
 of Dr. D. B. Street, supra. M. D., 1897, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., 
 U. S. A., 1898-9. Dropped, 1905, from membership. Removed to Jersey 
 City, N. J. 
 
 706. EUGENE LYMAN LE MERLE— Born Nov. 12, 1864, D. C. 
 M. D., 1897, Columbian. Is in Health Department, D. C. 
 
 707. HENRY COOK MACATEE— Born Front Royal, Va., Aug. 4, 
 1878. Son of Chas. A. and Mary Cook Macatee. Educated in public 
 schools and at Randolph-Macon Academy, Front Royal. M. D., 1900, 
 Columbian. Was successively Externe and Interne at Garfield Memo- 
 rial Hospital, 1899-1901. Began practice in W^ashington in 1901. In 
 February, 1903, became Superintendent of George Washington Univ. 
 Hosp. Resigned in July, 1904, and resumed private practice. Instructor 
 in Medicine in George Washington Univ. Med. School, 1902-9, when he 
 resigned. Is Associate in Internal Medicine at Emergency Hospital ;
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 373 
 
 since 1905 has been a Medical Inspector of Public Schools, D. C. Mem- 
 ber Med, Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; Med. and Surg. Society, D. C. In 
 1906, married Miss Miniana Paxton, of Washington, D. C. 
 
 708. NORMAN RICHARDS JENNER— Born July 4, 1862, Olney, 
 111. M. D., 1890, Howard; 1891, Georgetown. Demonstrator Anatomy, 
 Howard Med. School; Associate in Nurses' Training School, Freedmen's 
 Hospital. Married, Dec. 29, 1886, Alvira Gertrude Langwill, Rising 
 Sun, Indiana. See Lamb's History, p. 129. 
 
 709. JESSE NEWMAN REEVE— Born Sept. 25, 1866, Greenville, 
 Tenn. M. D., 1893, Georgetown. 
 
 710. ROBERT vSOMERVELL BEALE— Born Dec. 9, 1876, D. C. 
 Son of Dr. J. S. Beale, supra. M. D., 1900, Columbian. 
 
 7 It. MARY LOUISE STROBEL— Born May 2, 1854, D. C. M. D., 
 1896, National Univ., D. C. Sometime teacher in public schools, Wash- 
 ington. Clinician, Woman's Clinic. See Lamb's History, p. 271. 
 
 712. ELLIOTT COUES PRENTISS— Born March 19, 1877, D. C. 
 Son of Dr. D. W. Prentiss, supra; brother of Dr. D. W. Prentiss, Jr., 
 supra. M. D., 1900, Columbian. Resigned from Society, Oct. 16, 1907. 
 Removed to El Paso, Texas. 
 
 713. SAMUEL H. GREENE, Jr.— Born July 23, 1874, Vt. M. D., 
 1900, Columbian. 
 
 714. FRANK EUGENE GIBSON— Born Nov. 16, 1873, D. C. M. 
 D., 1899, Columbian. 
 
 715. S. CLIFFORD COX— Born June 22, 1867, D. C. M. D., 1892, 
 Columbian. Was Lieut, and Asst. Surgeon, ist D. C. Vols., Spanish- 
 American War. 
 
 OCTOBER 1, 1902 
 
 716. CHARLES LOFTUS GRANT ANDERSON— Born March 8, 
 1863, Washington Co., Md. M. D., 1884, College Phys. and Surg., N. 
 Y. City. Licentiate, 1892, M. C. F., Maryland ; Acting Asst. Surg., U. 
 S. A., and Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 1886-8; Surg., 29th Inf., U. S. Vols., 
 Spanish War. Resigned membership, Jan, 17, 1906, and removed to 
 Ancon, Panama. Reelected April 8, 1908. Son of Rev. Geo. Wash. 
 Anderson and Anna Maria Winter Anderson. Educated at Centenary 
 Collegiate Institute, Hackettstown, N. J.; Claversack College, N. Y.,
 
 374 
 
 MEDICAL vSOCIETY 
 
 and Univ. Penna. Studied medicine with Dr. T. M. A'Heron, Glen 
 Gardner, N. J. Was House Physician, Jersey City Charity Hosp., 1885. 
 Practiced medicine in N. Y. City, 1886. In 18SS began practice at 
 Hagerstown, Md. Removed to Washington. Member Washington Co. 
 Med. Society ; Med. and Chirurg. Faculty, Maryland ; Brooklyn Ethi- 
 cal Association ; Washington Anthropolog. Society. Physician, Isth- 
 mian Canal Commission, 1905-7; resigned March i, 1907, and returned 
 to Washington. See Watson's Biog., p. 398 ; Powell's History, pp. 161, 
 712; Cordell's Med. Annals, Maryland, 1903, p. 301. 
 
 717. LOREN BASCOM TABER JOHNSON— Born June 15, 1875, 
 D. C Son of Dr. J. Taber Johnson, supra. M. D., 1900, Georgetown. 
 
 718. L. FLEET LUCKETT— Born Sept. 19, 1871, Md. Son of Dr. 
 W. F. Luckett, supra. M. D., 1895, Columbian. 
 
 719. CAMILLO H. MACHINEK— Born Dec. 3, 1869, Freiburg, 
 Switzerland. M. D., 1892, Howard. Dropped from membership, 1907. 
 See Lamb's History, p. 195. 
 
 720. ROBERT HENDERSON GRAHAM— Born Jan. 29, 1849, Yellow 
 Springs, Ohio. M. D., 1879, Columbus Med. College. Died Aug. 24, 
 1903, of peritonitis, following operation for appendicitis. Spent his early 
 years at Reynoldsburg, near Columbus, Ohio. Served in Union Army 
 during Civil War. After graduation in medicine practiced at Marysville, 
 Ohio. Removed to Washington in 1889. Member of Business Men's 
 Assn.; Director, Washington Savings Bank; member Med. Assn., D. C; 
 Amer. Therapeutic Society. See Minutes Med. Society, Oct. 7 and 21, 
 1903 ; Wash. Med. Annals, 1903, II, p. 349. 
 
 721. CHARLES ALBERT BALL— Born Jan. 24, 1851, Alexandria 
 Co., Va. M. D., 1877, Columbian. Lieut., N. G. D. C, 1871-4. vSon of 
 Robert and Elizabeth A. Ball. Educated in public schools and Bryant 
 and Stratton's Business College, Washington. Since graduation in med- 
 icine has practiced in Washington. 1893-99, was Pension Examining 
 Surgeon. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 722. EDWARD GRANT SEIBERT— Born Aug. 28, 1865, Chambers- 
 burg, Pa. Phar. G., 1887, Philadelphia College Pharmacy; M. D., 1893, 
 Columbian. Acting Asst. vSurg., U. S. A., 1901-5. Son of Joseph War- 
 ren and Louise Little Seibert. Descendant of soldiers of Amer. Revolu- 
 tion. Graduated, 1881, Chambersburg High School. Post-graduate 
 medical course, N. Y. City, since which has practiced in Washington. 
 Medical Examiner, U. vS. Civil Service Commission, 1894-1901 ; Expert
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 375 
 
 Medical Examiner, U. S. Pension Ofl&ce ; Asst. Prof. Chemistry, G. W. 
 Univ. ; Chief of corresponding service in Dispensary of G. W. Univ, 
 Hospital. Member A. M. A. ; Assn. Pension Examining Surgeons. 
 March 5, 1904, married Jessie Eastman Hopkins. See Amer. Biog. 
 Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 723. GEORGE CORREL BURTON— Born Feb. 26, 1857, Georgia, 
 Ind. M. D., 1881, Louisville Med. College. Died July 22, 1909, Mitchell, 
 Ind. 
 
 724. THOMAS SANFORD DUNAWAY GRASTY— Born Nov. 16, 
 1879, Fredericksburg, Va. M. D., 1901, Columbian. 
 
 725. HOWARD WILSON BARKER— Born Jan. 4, 1875, D. C. Son 
 of Dr. H. H. Barker, supra. M. D., 1901, National Univ., D. C. 
 
 726. ALBERT JOSEPH CARRICO— Born Oct. 18, 1874, Bryantowm, 
 Md. M. D., 1896, Univ. Maryland. Son of Dr. Thos. A. and Anne Pris- 
 cilla Dent Carrico ; of Spanish descent on his father's side. Educated 
 in public and private schools near Bryantown, and at Rock Hill College. 
 After graduation in medicine practiced in Charles County until 1900, 
 when he removed to Washington. Member Med. Assn., D. C, and A. 
 M. A. Married, Oct. 26, 1903, Harriett Anne Thyson, of Washington. 
 See Univ. Maryland, 1907, H, p. 442. 
 
 727. ELIJAH LUMBIA MASON— Born Feb. 23, 1871, Virginia. M. 
 D., 1901, Columbian. Pathologist and Bacteriologist, Children's Hos- 
 pital ; Visiting Physician, Washington City Orphan Asylum. 
 
 728. THOMAS BEST KRAMER— Born Feb. 18, 1852, Baltimore, Md. 
 M. D., 1887, Howard. Grandson of Lieut. John Jacob Kramer, of war of 
 Amer. Revolution ; son of Rev. Samuel Kramer, Major 3d Maryland 
 Vols., 1861-65. Studied medicine with Surg. C. E. Black, U. S. Navy. 
 Attended Philadelphia Coll. Pharmacy. After graduation in medicine 
 practiced sometime in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; afterwards in Washington- 
 Married Luanna Crook, daughter of Francis A. Crook. See Lamb's 
 History, p. 189. 
 
 729. WILLIAM ALEXANDER JACK, JR.-Born Dec. 31, 1873, 
 Newport, R. I. M. D., 1896, Howard. Son of Dr. Wm. A. Jack, of 
 Washington. Was Interne, 1896-7, Freedmen's Hospital, Washington, 
 since which has practiced medicine in Washington. See Lamb's His- 
 tory, p. 183.
 
 376 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 730. ENRICO G. V. CASTELLI— Born Jan. 27, 1S69, Florence, 
 Italy. M. D., 1897, Bologna, Italy ; h. M., 1900, Dublin. Droppedi 
 1905, from membership. Removed to N. Y. City. 
 
 731. GIDEON BROWN MILLER— Born Dec. 27, 1861, Laurel Mills, 
 Va. C. E., 1886; B, Sc, 1887, Va. Mil. Institute; M. D., 1890, Univ. 
 Virginia. Student, Johns Hopkins Post-Graduate School of Medicine, 
 1893-94, and Univ. Leipsig, Med. Dept., 1896-97. Interne, Johns Hop- 
 kins Hospital, 1894-6, and 1897 to 1901 ; Resident Gynecologist the last 
 16 months. In charge of Diseases of Women, Emergency Hospital, 
 Washington ; Associate Surgeon, Columbia Hospital; Instructor, Gyne- 
 cology, G. W. U. Med. Dept. 
 
 732. FREDERICK FRANCIS REPETTI— Born Sept. 5, 1858, D. C. 
 M. D., 1895, Georgetown. 
 
 733. RAPHAEL BURKE DURFEE— Born Sept. 14, 1875, D. C. M. 
 D. 1900, Georgetown. Resigned Jan. 25, 1905. Removed to Los Angeles, 
 Cal. 
 
 734. EDGAR P. COPELAND— Born Nov. 24, 1878, D. C. M. D., 
 1900, Columbian. Instructor and Clinical Instructor in Pediatrics, G. 
 W. U. Med, School. In charge Surgical Service, Out-Patients Depart- 
 ment, Children's Hospital. 
 
 735. WM. CLARENCE GWYNN— Born Nov. 10, 1873, D. C. M. D., 
 1898, Georgetown. 
 
 736. De WITT CLINTON CHADWICK— Born Jan. 5, 1858, Camden, 
 Ohio. M. D., 1895, Columbian. 
 
 737. JAMES JULIUS RICHARDSON— Born Jan. 23, 1868, Sardis, 
 Ohio. M. D., 1889, Univ. Maryland. Son of R. P. and Elizabeth 
 Richardson. Post-graduate medical courses at N.Y. Post-Graduate Med. 
 School, Univ. Edinburgh, Univ. Vienna and Post-Graduate School, of 
 London. Married. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 738. SAMUEL WESLEY MELLOTT— Born Aug. 3, 1861, Beallsville, 
 Ohio. B. S., 1895, Mt. Union College, Ohio ; M. D., 1897, Howard. 
 Dropped from membership, 1907. Assistant Examiner, U. S. Pension 
 Office. See Lamb's History, p. 198. 
 
 739. GEORGE KASPER BAIER— Born Jan. 24, 1876, D. C. M. D., 
 1898, Columbian. LL. B., 1904, National Univ., D. C.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 377 
 
 740. NEIL DUNCAN GRAHAM— Born Sept. 22, 1874, Falls Church, 
 Va. Son of Dr. N. F. Graham, supra. M. D., 1901, Johns Hopkins. 
 
 741. CHARLES H. JAMES— Born March 4, 1874, D. C. M. D., 
 
 1897, Columbian. Dropped from membership, Jan. 27, 1909. 
 
 742. R. R. FARQUHAR— Born Oct. i, 1876, Annapolis, Md. Hos- 
 pital Steward, U. S. Navy, in Spanish-American War. M. D., 1899, 
 Univ. Penna. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. M. H. S. 
 
 743. JOHN LEWIS RIGGLES— Born Aug. 7, 1877, D. C. M. D., 
 1900, Columbian. 
 
 744. CARL SCHURZ KEYSER— Born Feb. 14, 1872, D. C. M. D., 
 
 1898, Columbian. 
 
 745. BENJAMIN F. TIEFENTHALER— Born Sept. 7, 1869, Wooster, 
 Ohio. M. D., 1899, Columbian. Died Feb. 6, 1908, of Bright's disease. 
 Graduated in and practiced pharmacy in Ohio. Sometime Secretary to 
 Dean of G. W, Univ. Med. School. Married, April 23, 1895, Miss Daisy 
 Oldroyd, daughter of Capt. and Mrs. O. H. Oldroyd, of Washington ; 
 after vi'hich practiced in Washington. See Minutes Med. Society, Feb. 
 26, 1908; Wash. Med. Annals, 1908, VII, p. 122. 
 
 746. RICHARD SCOTT BLACKBURN— Born April 29, 1875, Vir- 
 ginia. M. D., 1898, Univ. Va. Resigned Dec. 2, 1908. 
 
 747. JOSEPH STILES WALL— Born Oct. 3, 1876, D. C. M. D., 
 1897, Georgetown. Sometime Surg. Police and Fire Depts., D. C; 
 Med. Examiner, Board Registration, D. C. Married. 
 
 748. THOMAS ALLEN GROOVER— Born May 9, 1877, Pidcock, Ga. 
 M. D., 1898, Columbian. Med. Inspector, Public Schools, D. C. 
 
 749. WILLIAM PINKNEY REEVES— Born Feb. 6, 1871, Maryland. 
 M. D., 1899, Georgetown. 
 
 750. LUTHER HALSEY REICHELDERFER— Born Feb. 4, 1874, 
 Hallsville, Ohio. M. D., 1899, Columbian. Lieut. Col., ist Regt. D. C. 
 N. G. Supt. and Chief Resident Physician, Garfield Memorial Hospital, 
 1900-7 ; member of Faculty, G. W. Univ. Med, School ; of Consulting 
 Staff, Woman's Clinic ; of Attending Staff, Garfield and Tuberculosis 
 Hospitals, Washington.
 
 378 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 7.>1. JOHN SEDWICK DORSEY— Born Feb. 28, 1868, Port Repub- 
 lie, Md. M. D., 1890, Coll. Phys. and Surg,, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 752. THOMAS JOHN CHEW— Born Feb. 25, 1846, Maryland. A. 
 M., 1865, Princeton; M. D., 1868, Univ. Maryland. Died May i, 1904. 
 See Minutes Med. Society, May 4, 1904; Wash. Med. Annals, IH, 1904-5, 
 p. 282. 
 
 753. MONTGOMERY HUNTER— Born May 11, 1864, Alexandria, 
 Va. M. D., 1896, Columbian. 
 
 754. HOWARD FISHER— Born Jan. 25, 1866, Wheeling, W. Va. A. 
 B., 1886; A. M., 1889, Hanover, Ind. ; graduate, 1889, Theology, McCor- 
 mick Theological Seminary, Chicago ; M. D., 1895, Jefferson. Son of 
 Rev. D. W. and Amanda Kounts Fisher. Educated at Hanover College, 
 Ind., and the Theological Seminary. Medical Missionary sometime in 
 East Indies. Attended, 1899-1900, Univ. Berlin. Associate in Children's 
 Clinic, Emergency Hospital, Washington. Jan. 10, 1896, married S. 
 Katharine Conner. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 755. CHARLES STANLEY WHITE— Born July i, 1877, D. C. M. 
 D., 189S, Columbian. Interne, Columbian Univ. Hospital, 1898-9 ; Co- 
 lumbia Hospital, 1899-1901. Practiced in Washington, 1901-3. House 
 Surgeon, Emergency Hospital, 1903-6; Superintendent of same, 1906-8. 
 Post-graduate courses at Harvard, 1903, and Post-Graduate School, Chi- 
 cago, 1904. Vice President, Wash. Obstet. and Gynecol. Society, 1907-8; 
 Vice President, George Washington Univ. Med. Society, 1907-8 ; Asst. 
 Prof. Surgery, George Washington Univ. Med. School; Associate in Sur- 
 gery, Central Disp. and Emergency Hosp. Co-editor, Wash. Med. An- 
 nals. 
 
 756. EDITH LYALL MADDREN— Bprn Jan. 8, 1S77, D. C. M. D., 
 
 1899, National Univ., D. C. Dropped from Aiembership, 1906. Physi- 
 cian in Indian Service at Cheyenne Reservation, Cherry Creek, S. Dak. 
 
 757. JOHN PAUL GUNION— Born Sept. 15, 1876, ;D. C. M. D., 
 1S99, Columbian. 
 
 758. WILLIAM SAWYER NEWELL— Born Oct. 22, 1874, Evans- 
 ville, Ind. M. D., 1895, Columbian. 
 
 759. JOHN ALPHONSO O'DONOGHUE— Born Dec. 18, 1874, D. C. 
 A. B., 1896, Rock Hill College, Ellicott City, Md.; A. M., 1897; M. D., 
 
 1900, Georgetown.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 379 
 
 760. WILLIAM JOHN ARMSTRONG— Born Sept. 15, 1835, Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. M. D., 1870, Georgetown. 
 
 761. CHARLES M. EMMONS— Born Nov. 11, 1873, D. C. M. D., 
 1893, Georgetown; LL. B., 1902, National Univ.; LL. M., 1904, Wash- 
 ington College of Law. See Lamb's History, p. 135. 
 
 762. JESSE SHOUP— Born Feb. 24, 1865, Ohio. M. D., 1891, Jef- 
 ferson. 
 
 763. ALFRED VANDIVER PARSONS— Born March 19, 1863, Balti- 
 more, Md. M. D., 1889, Univ. Maryland. Son of Eliphalet and Sue F. 
 Warner Parsons, of American ancestry. Educated in private schools, 
 Baltimore. Practiced in Baltimore about a year, then removed to Wash- 
 ington. Member Med. Assn., D. C. Married, June 23, 1891, Minnie C. 
 Losekam. See Univ. Maryland, 1907, II, p. 247. 
 
 764. WALTER PRINCE KEENE—M. D., 1900, Georgetown. Acting 
 Asst. Surg., Revenue Marine Service. Resigned. Removed to Cal- 
 ifornia. 
 
 [Lewis Albert Walker, Jr. — Never qualified and name dropped, Nov. 
 
 APRIL 15, 1903 
 
 765. FRANCIS STANISLAUS MACHEN— Born Dec. 18, 1873, To- 
 ledo, Ohio. Educated in common schools and Detroit College, Michi- 
 gan. M. D., 1901, Georgetown. 
 
 766. HENRY MERRILL JEWETT— Born April 26, 1879, Laconia, 
 N. H. M. D., 1902, Columbian. 
 
 767. FRANK LEE BISCOE— Born Sept. 9, 1876, D. C. M. D., 1901, 
 Georgetown. 
 
 768. TRUMAN ABBE -Born Nov. i, 1S73, D. C. A. B., 1S95, Har- 
 vard; M. D., 1899, College Phys. and Surgeons, N. Y. Son of Cleveland 
 and Frances M. Abbe. Educated in public schools of Washington. After 
 graduation spent three years at Univ. Berlin and in hospitals, N. Y. City. 
 Taught Physiology and Surgery, 1902-5, Georgetown Med. School; since 
 1905 at G. W. Univ. Med. School. Practiced in Washington since 
 1902. April 22, 1905, married Ethel W. Brown. See Amer. Biog. Direct., 
 Washington, 1908.
 
 380 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 7G9. AUBREY HORATIO STAPLES-Born July 21, 1874, Jersey 
 City, N. J. M. D., 1896, Baltimore Med. College. Educated in public 
 schools at Oil City, Pa., and Presbyterian College, New Windsor. After 
 graduation passed New Jersey State Board. Is practicing in Washington. 
 
 770. CHARLES HERMAN CLARK— Born July 30, 1866, Mechanics- 
 burg, Ohio. M. D., 1893, Starling Med. College. Resigned. Removed, 
 March 27, 1907, to Cleveland, Ohio. Supt. Ohio State Insane Asylum. 
 
 771. ADOLPHUS BOGARDUS BENNETT, Jr.— Born Oct. 18, 1879, 
 Brautford, Canada. M. D,, 1901, Columbian. Capt., Med. Corps, D. C. 
 N. G. 
 
 772. GEORGE WALTER WARREN— Born Dec. 13, 1863, Wilson, 
 N. C. M. D., 1892, Baltimore University. 
 
 773. JOSEPH FRANCIS McKAIG-Born Sept. 15, 1869, N. Y. A. 
 B., 1890; M. D., 1893, Georgetown. Son of Thomas and Mary A. Lough- 
 ran McKaig. Educated in public and parochial schools, and Gonzaga 
 College, Washington. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A. Married, 
 Jan. 9, 1899, Catherine Carley. See Georgetown University, II, p. 267. 
 
 OCTOBER 7. 1903 
 
 774. SIMON RUFUS KARPELES-Born March i, 1880, D. C. M. 
 D., 1902, National Univ., D. C. Secretary, Therapeutic Society, D. C. 
 
 775. ANTHONY MORELAND RAY— Born April 17, 1867, Forest 
 Glen, Md. M. D., 1895, Univ. Virginia. 
 
 770. GUSTAVUS WERBER— Born Dec. 18, 1864, Newberry, S. C. 
 A. B., 1882; A. M., 1884, Newberry; M. D., 1894, Columbian. Son of 
 Frederick and Louisa Werber. Since graduation in medicine has prac- 
 ticed in Washington. April 30, 1902, married Catharine Moses. See 
 Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 777. WALTER HIBBARD MERRILL— Born Feb. 17, 1873, Marl- 
 boro, N. H. B. L., 1894, Dartmouth; M. D., 1901, Columbian. See 
 Johnson and Merrill, The X rays, Philadelphia, 1900. 
 
 778. C. NORMAN HOWARD— Born Sept. 23, 1875, Bethlehem, Pa. 
 M. D., 1898, Columbian. Removed, January, 1907, to Warsaw, Ind. 
 Resigned from Med. Society, Jan. i, 1908. Graduated from City Hos- 
 pital, Blackwell's Island, N. Y. City, Aug. i, 1902 — course of twenty
 
 DISTRICT OK COLUMBIA 38 I 
 
 months. Substituted at Nursery and Child's Hospital, in 1900, and 
 Gouverneur Hospital, N, Y. City. Took X-Ray course, Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital, 1903. N. Y. State license, 1902. Asst. Attending Physician of 
 Emergency Hospital, G. W. Univ. Hospital, Episcopal Eye, Ear and 
 Throat Hospital, Washington. Member Board of Directors, Woman's 
 Clinic, Washington. Served during Cuban campaign as Financial Sec- 
 retary to Brig. Gen. William Ludlow, Chief Engineer on General Miles' 
 Staff. In office Adjutant General, U. S. A., 1899-1900. 
 
 779. MELCHIOR B. STRICKLER— Born May 21, 1834, Pennsyl- 
 vania. M. D., 1861, Univ. Penna. 
 
 780. DANIEL DOMINICK MULCAHY— Born Aug. 7, 1871, near 
 EllicottCity, Md. Phar. D., 1893, Nat. Coll. Pharmacy, D. C. ; M. D., 
 1899, Georgetown. 
 
 781. LAURA MARIE REVILLE— Born Nov. i, 1847, Ohio Co., Ind. 
 M. D., 1890, Woman's Med. College, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 782. SAMUEL FRY— Born Oct. 26, 1870, New Orleans, La. M. D., 
 1902, Columbian. 
 
 783. ALBERT LYNCH LAWRENCE— Born June 22, 1864, Colum- 
 bus, Ohio. Phar. D., 1885, Nat. Coll. Pharmacy, D. C. ; M. D., 1896, 
 Columbian. Member Med. Assn., D. C, and A, M, A. 
 
 784. HENRY MARSHALL DIXON— Born Dec. 9, 1870, Yazoo, Miss. 
 M. D., 1895, Columbian. 
 
 [William Bernard Johnston — Son of Dr. W. W. Johnston, supra. 
 Failed to qualify.] 
 
 OCTOBER 14, 1903 
 
 78.>. OSCAR WILKINSON— Born Aug. 31, 1870, Mississippi. M. D., 
 1896, Tulane. 
 
 780. EDGAR DORMAN THOMPSON— Born Oct. 10, 1871, Doe Run, 
 Pa. A. B., 1893; A. M., 1896, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, 
 Pa.; M. D., 1896, Long Island Coll. Hospital. 
 
 APRIL 6, 1904 
 
 787. CHARLES M. BEALL— Born Sept. 22, 1S77, D. C. M. D., 
 1900, Columbian. Inspector, Health Dept., D. C.
 
 382 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 788. BLANCHE ROSALIE SLAUGHTER— Born Oct. 28, 1873, 
 Lynchburg, Va. M. D., 1897, Woman's Med. College, Philadelphia. 
 Married, 1906, Baxter Morton. Resigned membership, Oct. 17, 1906, and 
 removed to N. Y. City. Editor, etc.. Daughters of Aesculapius, Phila- 
 delphia, 1897. 
 
 780. JOHN JOSEPH REPETTI— Born Feb. 6, 1875, D. C. M. D., 
 1897, Georgetown. Asst. Surg., U. S. Vols. Acting Asst. Surg., U.S.A. 
 
 790. TAYLOR BOYD DIXON— Born March 30, 1876, Baltimore, Md. 
 M. D., 1900, Columbian. 
 
 791. JOSEPH CLARENCE TAPPAN— Born May 31, 1871, D. C. M, 
 D., 1899, Columbian. 
 
 792. ALMER M. HOADLEY— Born Nov, 4, 1861, Avoca, N, Y. M. 
 D., 1902, Columbian. Died of uremia, Dec. 8, 1907. Was associated 
 some time with his father in management of Belvidere Hotel, Washing- 
 ton. After graduation in medicine practiced in Washington. Buried at 
 Avoca. See Minutes Med. Society, Jan. 6 and 15, 1908 ; Wash. Med. 
 Annals, 1908, VII, pp. 124, 125. 
 
 [W. W. Richardson was elected but failed to qualify.] 
 
 OCTOBER 5, 1904 
 
 793. B. ALICE CRUSH— Born Oct. 11, 1848, Newcastle, Va. M. D., 
 1894, Columbian. 
 
 794. HENRY HOLLIDAY STROMBERGER— Born Feb. 20, 1866, 
 D. C. M. D., 1899, Columbian. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A. 
 
 795. GEORGE ALTICK CURRIDEN— Born July 4, 1866, Shippens- 
 burg. Pa. M. D., 1892, Univ. Penna. Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A. 
 Removed, Sept. 15, 1905, to Chambersburg, Pa. Died April 15, 1908, at 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 79(). JOHN POTTS FILLEBROWN— Born Sept. 23, 1858, D. C. M. 
 E., 1880, Lafayette College; M. D., 1897, Bellevue. 
 
 797. HENRY RANDALL ELLIOTT, Jr.— Born July 18, 1874, D. C. 
 M. D., 1895, Univ. Va.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 383 
 
 798. EDWARD ELLIOTT RICHARDSON— Born Feb. 19, 1873, 
 Rockingham, Vt. B. S., 1904; M. S., 1905; M. D., 1895, Columbian. 
 Physician to the Poor, 1895-9. Med. Inspector, Public Schools, D. C, 
 1899. Asst. Demons. Anatomy, 1898, Columbian; Prosector, 1899-1901. 
 
 799. EDGAR WILLIAM WATKINS.— Born Aug. 26, 1857, Fairfax 
 Co., Va. M. D., 1896, National Univ., D. C. Member A. M. A., and 
 Nat. Therap. Assn. On Staff of Casualty Hospital, D. C. 
 
 800. JAMES FARNANDIS MITCHELL— Born July i, 1871, Balti- 
 more, Md. A. B., 1891 ; M. D., 1897, Johns Hopkins. 
 
 801. MARY HOLMES— Born March 15, 1874, New Lexington, Ohio. 
 M. D., 1900, National Univ., D. C; 1901, Woman's Med. Coll., Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. Clinician, Woman's Clinic and Woman's Dispensary, 
 Washington. 
 
 802. ALFRED RICHARDS— Born Sept. 29, 1872, D. C. M. D., 1897, 
 Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A.; Surg. Met. Police and Fire 
 Depts., D. C. 
 
 803. HARRY ATW^OOD FOWLER— Born Sept. 22, 1872, Boston, 
 Mass. B. S., 1895, Univ. Minn. ; M. D., 1901, Johns Hopkins. Prof. 
 Genito-Urinary Diseases, Howard Univ. Med. School, D. C. 
 
 804. ARTHUR HERBERT KIMBALL— Born March 13, 1875, D. C. 
 B. S., 1897 ; A. M., 1903, Amherst; M. D., 1902, Johns Hopkins. 
 
 805. LOUISE TAYLER-JONES— Born Nov. 14, 1870, Youngstown, 
 Ohio. B. S., 1896, Wellesley ; M. S., 1898, Columbian; M. D., 1903, 
 Johns Hopkins. 
 
 806. CHARLES ALEXANDER CRAWFORD— Born Feb. 28, 1875, 
 Natchez, Miss. M. D., 1897, Univ. of Va. Passed Asst. Surg., U. S. N. 
 
 807. ANNA BARTSCH— Born Dec. 18, 1876, Silesia, Germany. 
 M. D., 1902, Howard. Graduated at High School, Burlington, Iowa. 
 Was Resident Physician, Lying-in Charity Hospital, Philadelphia, 
 1902-3 ; Associate Prof. Histology and in charge Physiological Labora- 
 tory, Quiz Master in Obstetrics, and Obstetrical Clinician, Howard Univ. 
 Med. School, Washington ; Clinician, Woman's Clinic. Married Dr. 
 H. E. Dunne, of Ridgway, Pa., and removed there in 1908. See Lamb's 
 Hist., p. 234.
 
 384 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 808. ROBERT JOHN McADORY.— Born Aug. 15, 1872, Mobile, 
 Ala. Attended St. John's College, Annapolis, Md.; Corcoran Scientific 
 School, D. C; Stanford Univ., Cal. M. D., 1897, Univ. City N. Y. 
 Acting Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A. ; Surgeon of Revenue Cutter. 
 
 809. JAMES GEORGE McKAY— Born July 26, 1871, Stockton-on- 
 Tees, England. M. D., 1895, Univ. Penna. Asst. Surg., U. S. Vols., 
 1901-2. Acting Asst, Surgeon, U. S. A. 
 
 810. EDWARD HIRAM REEDE— Born June 3, 1875, N. Y. M. D., 
 
 1902, Johns Hopkins. Was Resident Physician, St. Luke's Hospital, N. 
 Y. City. Dropped from membership, 1907. 
 
 APRIL S, 190S 
 
 811. PETER HENRY STELTZ, Jr.— Born Dec. 8, 1868, Allentown, 
 Pa. M. D., 18SS, Univ. Penna. Was Resident Physician, German Hos- 
 pital, Philadelphia. Med. Examiner, Penna. R. R. ; Med. Examiner 
 and Surgeon, Washington Terminal. 
 
 812. CARL LAWRENCE DAVIS— Born July 9, 1878, Vermontville, 
 Mich. M. D., 1903, Columbian. 
 
 813. BUCKNER MAGILL RANDOLPH— Born Aug. 21, 1871, Co 
 lumbia, Pa. M. D., 1898, Med. College Va. 
 
 814. JOSEPH ERNEST MITCHELL— Born Dec. 25, 1871, Tyaskin, 
 Md. M. D., 1903, Columbian. Resident Physician, Washington Asylum 
 Hospital, 1903-4. 
 
 815. HARRY HAMPTON DONNALLY— Born Sept. 4, 1877, George- 
 town, Ky. A. M., 1897, Gallaudet; B. S., 1896; A. M., 1897; M. D., 
 
 1903, Columbian. 
 
 8ie. DWIGHT GORDON SMITH— Born Aug. 26, 1873, St. Louis, 
 Mo. A. B., 1896, Williams; M. D., 1903, Columbian. Member Med. 
 Assn., D. C; Therapeutic Society; Hippocrates Society. Interne and 
 Resident Physician, Children's Hospital ; on Dispensary Staff, Emer- 
 gency Hospital. 
 
 817. HENRY WOOD TOBIAS— Born May 8, 1876, Donaldson, Pa. 
 
 B. E., 1895, Millersville College, Pa.; M. D., 1901, Columbian. Externe, 
 Garfield Memorial Hospital ; Resident Physician, Casualty Hospital, 
 University (Columbian) Hospital, and Wills' Mountain Sanatorium, of
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 385 
 
 Cumberland, Md. Physician to Tubercular Clinic, Associated Charities; 
 Assistant to Nose and Throat Dispensary and Surgical Dispensary, Emer- 
 gency Hospital. Married, April 30, 1907, Harriet B. Hamill. 
 
 S18. JOSEPH DECATUR ROGERS— Born Nov. 23, 1880, Hamilton, 
 Va. M. D., 1902, Columbian. Son of Samuel E. and Elizabeth C. Rog- 
 ers. Educated at Washington High School and Columbian Univ. Post- 
 graduate work in N. Y. hospitals, since which has practiced medicine in 
 Washington. Was Resident Physician, Columbia Hospital and G. W. 
 Univ. Hospital. Unmarried. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 
 1908. 
 
 819. WILLIAM FOWKE RAVENEL PHILLIPS— Born July 13, 
 1863, Bedford Co., Va. M. D., 1890, Columbian. Son of Dinwiddie P. 
 and Nannie F. Walden Phillips. Educated in school, Chatham, Va. 
 Med. Climatologist, 1895-1904, U. S. Weather Bureau ; 1904-9, Dean, 
 Med. Dept., G. W. Univ.; in 1891-2, and since 1895, Prof. Hygiene in 
 same; President, 1905, Amer. Climatolog. Assn.; Secretary, Anatom. 
 Board, D. C, since 1902. Sometime Editor of Climate and Health, oflS- 
 cial publication of Weather Bureau. Unmarried. See Who's Who in 
 America; Amer. Men of Science, 1906; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 
 1908. 
 
 S20. LEWIS HARVIE TAYLOR— Born July 26, 1S75, Chula, Va. 
 M. D., 1903, Columbian. 
 
 821. JOHN BRADFORD BRIGGS, Jr.— Born Feb. 17, 1877, Cam- 
 bridge, Mass. B. S., 189S, New York Univ.; M. D., 1902, Johns Hop- 
 kins. 
 
 822. LEON ELLERY STORY— Born July 8, 1879, Franklin, N. H. 
 M. D., 1901, Georgetown. Removed to St. Johns, afterwards to Port- 
 land, Oregon. Inspector of public schools, Portland. Son of Dr. J.J. 
 Story, of Washington, D. C. 
 
 823. REGINALD REDFORD WALKER— Born March 5, 1877, D. C. 
 M. D., 1900, Georgetown. 
 
 OCTOBER 4, 1905 
 
 824. WILLIAM HITE HOUGH— Born Oct. 31, 1877, Waterford, Va. 
 Phar. D., 1897, National Coll. Phar., D. C; M. D., 1899, Georgetown. 
 Assistant Physician, Govt. Hospital Insane, D. C. 
 
 825. MAHLON ASHFORD— Born March 24, 1881, D. C. Son of 
 Dr. F. A. Ashford, supra. M. D., 1904, Georgetown. Resigned Jan. 15, 
 1909. Now Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A. 
 
 25
 
 386 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 826. HARRY REID HUMMER— Born Jan. 27, 1879, D. C. M. D., 
 1899, Georgetown. Sometime Asst. Physician, St. Elizabeth Hospital, 
 Washington. Removed to Caxton, South Dakota. Supt. of Insane 
 Asylum. 
 
 827. BENJAMIN RUSH LOGIE— Born Oct, 8, 1867, Kearneysville, 
 W. Va. M. D., 1890, Univ, Md. Assistant Physician, Govt. Hospital 
 Insane, D. C. 
 
 828. FRANCIS ALPHONSE SCHNEIDER— Born Feb. 27, 1S70, 
 Herbstein, Germany. A. B., 1890, St. Mary's, North East, Pa.; M. D., 
 1901, Coll. Phys. and Surg., N. Y.; 1902, Univ. Berlin ; Asst. Sur- 
 geon, Vauderbilt Clinic, N. Y., 1902-4; Asst. Eye and Ear Infirmary, 
 N. Y., 1903-4; Asst., Georgetown Univ. Hosp., and Episcopal Eye, Ear 
 and Throat Hosp., Washington. 
 
 829. FRANK FREMONT-SMITH— Born Sept. 13, 1856, Hillsboro, 
 N. H. A. B., 1880, Dartmouth ; M. D., 1883, Univ. Pa. Member Amer, 
 Climat. Assn. ; Wash. Acad. Sciences. 
 
 830. WILLIAM GAGE ERVING— Born Aug. 11, 1877, Hartford, 
 Conn. B. A,, 1898, Yale ; M. D., 1902, Johns Hopkins. Husband of Dr. 
 E. L. Erving, infra. Prof. Orthopedic Surgery, Howard Med. School ; 
 Orthopedic Surgeon, Providence and Freedmen's Hospitals ; Member 
 Amer. Orthopedic Assn. 
 
 APRIL 4, 1906 
 
 831. GEORGE TULLY VAUGHAN— Born June 27, 1859, Arrington, 
 Va. M. D., 1879, Univ. Va.; 1880, Bellevue. Asst. Surg., 1888; Passed 
 Asst. Surg., 1892; Surgeon, 1900, and Asst. Surg. General, 1902, U. S. 
 M. H. S. ; resigned in 1905 ; Brigade Surg., U. S. Vols., in Spanish War. 
 Is of Welsh descent. Son of Dr. Washington L. and Francis Ellen 
 Shields Vaughan. Educated at private schools and at Kenmore Univ. 
 High School, Amherst, Va. Post-graduate medical courses at N. Y. 
 Polyclinic Hospital, Jefferson Med. College, Philadelphia, and Univ. 
 Berlin. Practiced at Lowesville and Farmville, Va., 1880-8. Prof. Surg., 
 1897, Georgetown Med. School ; Chief Surg., Georgetown Univ. Hospital ; 
 Surgeon, Emergency Hospital ; Consulting Surg., St. Elizabeth Asy- 
 lum. Fellow Amer. Surg. Assn.; President, Assn. Mil. Surgeons ; Cor- 
 responding member Society French Mil. Medicine ; member Med. 
 Society, Va.; Honorary member Vanderburg Co. Med. Societj', Indiana ; 
 member Wash. Acad. Sciences. Married, 1883, May Townsend, daughter 
 of W. G. Venable, Farmville, Va. Author of Principles and practice
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 387 
 
 of surgery, Philadelphia, 1903-5, See Who's Who in America ; Stone's 
 Biog., 1894, p. 693 ; Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908 ; Georgetown 
 Univ., II, p. 105. 
 
 832. SOTHORON KEY— Born Jan. 29, 1873, Leonardtown, Md. B. 
 S., 1894; M. S., 1897, Maryland Agricult. College; M. D., 1899, Colum- 
 bian. 
 
 833. GEORGE WASHINGTON BOYD— Born Nov. 18, 1859, D. C. 
 Phar. D., 1880. National College Pharmacy, D. C; M. D., 1895, College 
 Phj's. and Surg., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 834. HOMER G, FULLER— Born Jan. 10, 1879, Derby, Conn. Ph. 
 B., 1901, Yale; M. D., 1904, Columbian. 
 
 835. JOHN DUNLOP— Born July 4, 1876, D. C. B. S., 1898, Prince- 
 ton; M. D., 1902, Johns Hopkins. 
 
 836. ERNEST PENDLETON MAGRUDER— Born Oct. 23, 1875, 
 Upper Marlboro, Md. A. B., 1895, Johns Hopkins; A. M., 1900; M. D., 
 1902, Columbian. Son of Caleb Clark Magruder and Elizabeth Rice 
 Nalle ; grandson of Dr. Richard Thomas Nalle, of Virginia ; descendant 
 of Alex. Magruder, immigrant, of the Clan Gregor, Scotland. Educated 
 at Upper Marlboro Academy and Georgetown Univ. Was Asst. Demon- 
 strator Anatomy, George Washington Univ., 1907-8; Asst. in Surgery, 
 Georgetown Univ. Med. School, 1907-8; Med. and Surg. Associate, 
 Emergency Hospital, 1907-8 ; now Superintendent Emergency Hosp. 
 Member A. M. A.; Med. Assn., D. C; Internat. Congress Tuberculosis. 
 
 837. ROBERT CONRAD RUEDY— Born July 12, 1S76, Lenawee Co., 
 Mich. M. D., 1904, Columbian. 
 
 838. SENECA BRAY BAIN— Born Feb. 10, 1S74, Gatesville, Texas. 
 D. D. S., 1898 ; M. D., 1899, National Univ., D. C. Son of Seneca Mc- 
 Neill and Annie M. Bain. Educated at Willis College and High School, 
 Willis, Texas, and Trinity (Texas) Normal School. Taught one year in 
 public school, Texas. For ten years in employ of U. S. Govt. 1899- 
 1905, Special Agent, Dept. Labor. Member Med. Assn., D. C. ; A. M. 
 A. ; Amer. Electro-Therapeut. Assn. ; Honorary member National Cap- 
 ital Dental Assn. Sept. 20, 1900, married Rosalind Moore, of Washing- 
 ton. See Amer. Biog, Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 839. JOHN WALTER HODGES— Born Dec. 8, 1856, Baltimore, Md. 
 M. D., 1892, Baltimore Med. College. Educated in Baltimore public 
 schools. In drug business, Annapolis, Md., 1885-91, and in Washington, 
 
 I
 
 388 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 1891-1905, since which has practiced medicine in Washington. Pres- 
 ident, 1888, Maryland Pharm. Assn.; 1889-90, President, Business Men's 
 Assn., Annapolis. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A. Oct. 28, 1880, 
 married Rosella Burgess. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 SlO. RICHARD MITCHEL UTTLE— Born Sept. 9, 1877, Mercer, 
 Pa. M. D., 1902, Columbian. 
 
 841. SAMUEL LOGAN OWENS— Born Jan. 14, 1879, Washington, 
 La. M. D., 1903, Georgetown. 
 
 842. THOMAS F. LOWE— M. D., 1902, Georgetown. 
 
 843. GEORGE MENDENHALL RUFFIN— Born Sept. 12, 1876, 
 Wilson, N. C. Brother of Dr. Sterling RufEn, supra. M. D., 1902, Col- 
 umbian. 
 
 S44. ROY DELAPLAINE ADAMS— Born Oct. 26, 1881, Circleville, 
 Ohio. M. D., 1904, Georgetown. Resident Physician, Georgetown Univ. 
 Hosp., 1904-5 ; Lecturer on Embryology, Georgetown Med. School ; in 
 Surgical Service, Georgetown Univ. Hosp. 
 
 845. ARTHUR CASE FITCH— Born April 7, 1867, Delhi, N. Y. 
 Phar. D., 1893, National College Pharmacy, D. C; M. D., 1903, Colum- 
 bian. Assistant Physician, Govt. Hospital Insane, D. C. 
 
 846. J. LAWN THOMPSON— Born Oct. 16, 1874, D. C. Son of Dr. 
 Benedict Thompson, supra. M. D., 1904, Columbian. 
 
 847. LOUIS CHARLES LEHR— Born Feb. 17, 1876, Baltimore, Md. 
 A. B., 1898; M. D., 1902, Johns Hopkins. 
 
 OCTOBER 3, 1906 
 
 848. ADAM KEMBLE— Born Nov. 11, 1878, Tower City, Pa. Phar. 
 D., 1901, National College Pharmacy, D. C; M. D., 1905, Columbian. 
 
 S49. FREDERICK YATES— Born Dec. 21, 1878, Manchester, Eng- 
 land. LL. M., 1903, National Univ., D. C; M. D., 1902, Howard; 1904, 
 Columbian. 
 
 850. EDWIN BERNHARD BEHREND— Born Sept. 2, 1871, D. C. 
 Son of Dr. A. Behrend, supra. A. B., 1892, Johns Hopkins; M. D., 1894, 
 Georgetown.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 389 
 
 851. WALTER WATKINS WILKINSON— Born Sept. 10, 1876, Hal- 
 ifax Co., Va. M. D., 1905, Columbian. Resident Physician, 1905-6, 
 Garfield Hospital, D. C. ; Asst. Pathologist, Garfield, 1906; Instructor in 
 Physical Diagnosis, George Washington University, 1907. Member G. 
 \\\ U. Med. Society. 
 
 852. GEORGE H. HEITMULLER— Born Nov. 15, 1869, Arkenberg, 
 Hanover, Germany, during a temporary residence abroad of his parents, 
 Anton C. T. and Henrietta Horstkamp Heitmuller. Attended Columbian 
 Preparatory School, 1884-7, Columbian College and Johns Hopkins Uni- 
 versity. A. B., 1891, Johns Hopkins; M. D., 1894, Univ. Penna. Served 
 some time in Roxborough Hospital, then returned to Washington and 
 began practice. In 1895 attended Univ. Berlin, and clinics. Royal Lon- 
 don Ophthalmic Hospital; Clinical Assistant to Messrs. Treacher Collins 
 and Quarry Sillcock over a year. In 1897, married Alice Florence, 
 daughter of John and Mary Medhurst Pelham, of Sussex, England. Is 
 Clinical Assistant, Eye Clinic, Casualty Hospital ; Medical Inspector, 
 Public Schools, and Secretary, Wash. Med. and Surg. Society. 
 
 853. LAWRENCE MAXWELL HYNSON— Born Feb. 6, 1879, Still 
 Pond, Kent Co., Md. M. D., 1904, Columbian. Son of Nathaniel 
 Thornton and Lucy Weston Tiffey Hynson. Educated in public schools, 
 Maryland and Washington. Was five years Assistant Secretary, Na- 
 tional Geographic Society. Member Med. Assn., D. C; G. W. Univ. 
 Med. Society ; Hippocrates Society. Unmarried. See Amer. Biog. 
 Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 854. WILLIAM BEVERLY MASON— Born July 26, 1874, Marshall, 
 Va. M. D., 1899, Med. College Virginia. 
 
 855. CHARLES WILBUR HYDE— Born Dec. 30, 1877, Sullivan, 
 Ohio. M. D., 1904, Columbian. 
 
 856. WALTER ASHBY FRANKLAND— Born Dec. 10, 1867, Balti- 
 more, Md. M. D., 1896, Columbian. 
 
 857. JOHN DONALDSON MURRAY— Born Oct. 3, 1866, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. Son of ex-Surgeon General, U. S. A., Robert Murray. M. 
 D., 1899, Coll. Phys. and Surg., N.Y. At present attending Univ. Edin- 
 burgh. 
 
 858. EMMA LOOTZ ERVING— Born Sept. 26, 1875, Boston, Mass. 
 A. B., 1897, Smith; M. D., 1902, Johns Hopkins. Wife of Dr. W. G. 
 Erving, supra.
 
 39° 
 
 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 859. HENRY CLAY COBURN, Jr.— Born Aug. 5, 1878, D. C. B. 
 S., 1900; M. D., 1903, Columbian. Resigned Oct. 14, 1908. Asst. Sur- 
 geon, U. S. A. 
 
 860. FRANCIS EDWARD HARRINGTON— Born June 19, 1879, 
 Norfolk, Va. B. S., Gonzaga, 1907; M. D., 1904, Columbian. Med. In- 
 spector, Health Dept., D. C. Married, Jan. 9, 1908, Maye L., daughter 
 of Dr. L. Eliot, supra. 
 
 861. ARTHUR LE ROY HUNT— Born Jan. 7, 1877, Lewiston, Me. 
 A. B., 1898, Bowdoin; M. D., 1905, Columbian. Med. Inspector, Health 
 Dept., D. C. 
 
 862. CARLISLE P, KNIGHT— M. D., 1904, Columbian. Dropped 
 from membership Jan. 27, 1909. Appointed Acting Asst. Surg., P. H. 
 and M. H. S., in Nov., 1908, for duty at Kobe, Japan. 
 
 863. CHARLES L. WATERS— M. D., 1905, Columbian. 
 
 APRIL 3, 1007 
 
 864. DANIEL THOMAS BIRTWELL— Born May 24, 1874, Chester, 
 Pa. M. D., 1900, Columbian. 
 
 865. JOHN SHERIDAN ARNOLD— Born Dec. 4, 1865, Port Trevos- 
 ton. Pa. M. D., 1896, Coll. Phys. and' Surg., Baltimore. Medical In- 
 spector, Public Schools, Washington. Member Med. Assn. D. C; A. 
 M. A. 
 
 866. RICHARD LLOYD COOK— Son of Dr. G. Wythe Cook, supra. 
 Born in Washington, Nov. 5, 1878. Educated at Friends' Select School, 
 at the University School, by private tutor, and at the University of Vir- 
 ginia. M. D., 1904, Univ. Virginia. On House Staff at Garfield Me- 
 morial Hospital; afterward took special study in Obstetrics, at New York 
 Lying-in Hospital. Was Resident Physician at Wills Mountain Sana- 
 torium. 
 
 867. VIRGINIUS DABNEY— Born Feb. 2, 1878, Loudoun Co., Va. 
 M. D., 1902, Univ. Virginia. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. Navy. Now 
 practicing in Washington. 
 
 868. WILLIAM ROBERT PERKINS— Born May 17, 1876, Chester- 
 town, Md. M. D., 1901, Columbian; Phar. D., 1897, National Coll. Phar- 
 macy, D. C. Resident Physician, 1903, Emergency Hospital, D. C; 
 House Surgeon, 1904, Lying-in Hosp., New York City; Interne, Willard 
 Parker and Reception Hospital, 1905.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 39 1 
 
 869. PAUL BOWEN ALDEN JOHNSON— Born March 23, 1878, D. 
 C. B. A., 1901, Yale; M. D., 1905, Georgetown. Resigned July 5, 1909. 
 
 870. JOSEPH ALEXANDER MURPHY— Born Nov. 23, 1878, D. C. 
 M. D., 1905, Columbian. 
 
 871. HENRY PICKERING PARKER— Born June 24, 1875, Annapo- 
 lis, Md. A. B., 1896; M. D., 1901, Johns Hopkins. Prof. Practice of 
 Medicine, Howard Med. School. 
 
 872. JOSIAH HUTTON HOLLAND— Born May 6, 1880, D. C. Phar. 
 D., 1901, National Coll. Pharmacy, D. C; M. D., 1905, Columbian. 
 
 873. EDGAR SNOWDEN— Born April 2, 1880, Alexandria, Va. M. 
 D., 1903, Columbian. 
 
 874. WILLIAM HOUSTON LITTLEPAGE— Born March 21, 1879, 
 Washington, Ark. M. D., 1905, Columbian. Q. M. Sergt., ist D. C. 
 Vols. 
 
 875. RAYMOND ADAMS FISHER— Born Jan. 6, 1883, D. C. M. 
 D., 1905, Columbian. 
 
 876. THOMAS MADDEN FOLEY— Born Dec. 14, 1876, Philadelphia, 
 Pa. M. D., 1905, Columbian. 
 
 877. JOHN WATSON SHAW— Born Jan. 31, 1866, Lewistown, Pa. 
 M. D., 1890, Univ. Penna. Resident Physician, 1890-1, St. Joseph's Hos- 
 pital, Philadelphia. 
 
 878. PRENTISS WILLSON— Born Aug. 2, 1882, Fredonia, N. Y. 
 M. D., 1905, Georgetown. Resident Physician, Georgetown Univ. Hosp., 
 1905-6; Anesthetist at same; Asst. to Chair Obstetrics, Georgetown Med. 
 School; Physician to Home for the Blind. 
 
 879. WILLIAM F. WAGNER— Born Jan. 25, 1865, Hartleton, Pa. 
 Ph. G., 1886, Philadelphia Coll. Pharmacy; M. D., 1890, Univ. Penna. 
 
 880. JOSEPH J. KAVENEY— Born, 1880. M. D., 1904, Georgetown. 
 Educated at High Schools and St. Dunstan's College, Canada. Hospital 
 service at Naval Hospital and N. Y. Lying-in Hospital. Asst. to Surgi- 
 cal Clinic, Emergency Hospital, Washington. 
 
 881. CHARLES WALKER ALLEN— M. D., 1902, Jefferson.
 
 392 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 882. WILLIAM GLENN YOUNG— Born Dec. i, 1878, Trion, Ga. 
 M. D., 1904, Columbian. 
 
 883. WILLIAM EARL CLARK— Born Sept. 16, 1879, Philadelphia, 
 Pa. M. D., 1904, Columbian. 
 
 OCTOBER 2. 1907 
 
 884. JOHN ALLAN TALBOTT— Born May 27, 1882, Forest Glen, 
 Md. M, D., 1905, Columbian. Physician, Out-patient Dept., Providence 
 Hospital, and Resident Physician, same hospital, 1905-7, 
 
 885. EMMA COREY STARR— Born Aug. 19, 1876, D. C. M. D., 
 1904, Howard. Resident Physician, 1904-6, Navajo Indian Hospital, 
 Nevsr Mexico ; Clinician, Woman's Clinic, Washington. Married A. B. 
 Keith. 
 
 886. WILLIAM OTWAY OWEN— Born July 6, 1854, Broylesville, 
 Tenn, M. D., 1878, Univ. Va. Asst. Surg., 1882-98, Surgeon, 1898-1905, 
 U. S. A. Son of Robt. Latham and Narcissa Clarke Chisholm Owen. Edu- 
 cated at Govanstown, Md., 1S66-71, and Virginia Mil. Institute, 1873-5. 
 Practiced medicine, 1878-82, Lynchburg, Va. Resigned from the army 
 because of disability incurred in line of duty. Demonstrator of Anatomy, 
 G. W. Univ. Member Board of Incorporators, Garfield Memorial Hos- 
 pital, Chairman Executive Committee. Member Med. Assn., D. C; A. 
 M. A.; Cincinnati Acad. Medicine, 
 
 887. WILLIAM ELWIN ROGERS— Born Oct. 2, 1878, Alexandria, 
 Va. M. D., 1904, Georgetown. Died Nov. 22, 1908. Resident Physician, 
 Providence Hospital, 1904 to 1906; afterwards connected with X-ray De- 
 partment, Georgetown Univ. and Casualty Hospitals, and with Dispen- 
 sary at Providence Hospital. See Minutes Med. Society, Dec. 16, 1908, 
 and Jan. 27, 1909; Wash. Med. Annals, 1909, VIII, p. 72. 
 
 888. DORSEY MAHON McPHERSON— Born May 24, 1857, Balti- 
 more, Md. M. D., 1877, Howard ; 1884, Columbian. Acting Asst. Sur- 
 geon, U. S. A., October, 1878, to November, 1883. Medical Examiner, 
 U. S. Bureau Pensions and Board Pension Appeals since October, 1890, 
 Member Assn. Acting Asst. Surgeons, U. S. A. Married. See Lamb's 
 History, p. 196. 
 
 889. CHARLES L. BILLARD— Born May 13, 1878, D. C. M. D., 
 1904, Univ. Penna. Resident Physician, 1904-5, Allegheny General 
 Hospital, Pa.; Asst, Physician, Episcopal Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital 
 and Lutheran Eye, Ear and Throat Infirmary, Washington.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 393 
 
 Si90. H. H. KERR— M. D., 1904, McGill. vSon of Dr. James Kerr, 
 supra. In Dispensary Service, Providence Hospital ; Instructor in Clin. 
 Surg., Howard Med. School. 
 
 891. GLENN I. JONES— M. D., 1905, Columbian. 
 
 892. GRAFTON D. P. BAILEY— M. D., 1896, National Univ., D. C. 
 
 893. SETH EASTMAN MOORE— Born Oct. 6, 1875, D. C. M. D., 
 1898, Univ. Penna. Married, 1902, Elizabeth E. Smith. Served three 
 years at Prot. Epis. Hosp., Philadelphia, Pa.; some time at Agnew Sani- 
 tarium, Atlantic City, N. J. 
 
 APRIL 1, 1908 
 
 894. LYMAN FREDERICK KEBLER— Born June 8, 1863, Lodi, 
 Mich. Ph. C, 1890; B. S., 1891; M. S., 1892, Univ. Mich.; M. D., 1906, 
 Columbian. Educated in parochial and public schools. Took courses, 
 especially in chemistry, at Jefferson College and Temple College, Phila- 
 delphia, Pa., 1892-1902. Was Chief Chemist, Pharmaceutical Manufac- 
 turing Company, Philadelphia. Taught Chemistry in Iowa Agricult_ 
 College, 1888-99; Instructor in Chemistry, 1901-2, Univ. Mich. Member 
 of Jury of Awards, National Export Exposition, 1898, Philadelphia; 
 Amer. Chem. Society; Society Chem. Industry; Amer. Pharm. Assn.; 
 Franklin Institute ; National College of Pharmacy. President Chem. 
 
 •Section, Franklin Institute, 1902; Chairman, 1902, Scientific Section, 
 Amer. Pharm. Assn.; now Chief of Division of Drugs, Bureau of Chemis- 
 try, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Married, 1893, Miss Ida E. Shaw, of Ypsi- 
 lanti, Mich. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 895. WILLIAM H. SYME— M. D., 1904, Columbian. 
 
 896. JOSEPH MILTON HELLER— Born Jan. 29, 1872, Staunton, 
 Va. M. D., 1896, Georgetown. Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A.; Major and 
 Surgeon, U. S. Vols, Son of Joseph and Pauline Frank Heller. Edu- 
 cated at public schools and Fisher's Academy, Washington. Post-graduate 
 course. N. Y. Polyclinic, Asst. Demonstrator of Anatomy, Georgetown 
 Med. School ; Clinical Asst., Emergency Hospital and Garfield Hospital 
 Dispensary ; Resident Physician, 1896-7, Garfield Hospital. Served, 
 1898-1902, in War with Spain, largely in the Philippines. Was in charge 
 of the Manila water supply during the cholera epidemic, 1902. Officer 
 of Military Order of Carabao; Past Commander, Henry W. Lawton Camp, 
 United Spanish War Veterans ; Officer, Military Order of Foreign Wars.
 
 394 MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 Member Assn. Military Surgeons, United States; Medical Assn., D. C; 
 Medical Society, Georgetown University. See Amer. Biog. Direct., 
 Washington, 1908 ; Georgetown University, II, p. 285. 
 
 897. EDWARD MASON PARKER— Born June 27, i860, Middlebury, 
 Vt. A. M., 1881, Middlebury College; M. D., 1884, Univ. City N. Y. 
 Practiced at Brockton, Mass., 1884-5; New Bedford, Mass., 1886-90; 
 Asst. Resident Surgeon, 1891-4, Johns Hopkins Hospital. Has practiced 
 in Washington since 1894. Associate Surgeon, Emergency Hospital, 
 1894-6 ; Bacteriologist, Providence Hospital, 1894-1908; Surgeon to same 
 since 1908; Acting Asst. Surg., U. S. A., 1898, at Montauk Point, L. I. 
 
 898. JOHN WESLEY SUTHERIN— Born June 27, 1869, East Pales- 
 tine, Ohio. M. D., 1902, Howard. Graduated from East Palestine 
 High School, 1887. See Lamb's History, p. 264. 
 
 899. HURON WILLIS LAWSON— Born March 15, 1873, Disco, 
 Mich. B. S., 1895, Mich. Agricultural College; M. D., 1903; M. S., 1904, 
 Columbian. Son of James S. and Paulina T. Cannon Lawson. Supt. 
 Public Schools, Lawton, Mich., 1896-7; Principal of High School, Illi- 
 nois, 1898; 1898-1908, Associate Editor, Experimental Station Record, U. 
 S. Dept. Agriculture; 1905 to date, Associate Prof. Bacteriology and 
 Pathology, G. W. U. Med. School; Resident Physician, 1907-8, Columbia 
 Hospital. See Amer. Biog. Direct., Washington, 1908. 
 
 900. NELSON DU VAL BRECHT— Born Jan. 10, 1885, D. C. M. 
 D., 1906, Columbian; Graduate Washington High School; sometime - 
 Anatomist, Army Med. Museum; member Med. Assn., D. C; A. M. A.; 
 Therapeutic Society, Washington. 
 
 901. STANTON WREN HOWARD— Born May 2, 1880, Wheeling, 
 W. Va. A. B., 1899, Mt. St. Joseph's College, Baltimore, Md. ; M. D., 
 1903, Georgetown. Externe, Children's Hosp., 1902-3; Foundling Hosp., 
 1903 ; Providence Hosp., 1903-5 ; Kingston Hosp., N. Y., 1905-6. Asst. 
 Dem. Pathology and Bacteriology, Georgetown Med. School. 
 
 902. ELWIN C. SCHNEIDER— M. D., Georgetown, 1905. 
 
 903. HAMILTON K. WRIGHT— M. D., 1875, McGill. 
 
 904. EDMUND T. M. FRANKLIN— M. D., Columbian, 1905. 
 
 905. GRANT S. BARNHART— M. D., Columbian, 1904. 
 
 906. HARRY M. KAUFMANN— M. D., 1901, Johns Hopkins.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 395 
 
 907. JAMES A. GANNON— Born March 8, 1884, New York City. 
 Educated, Georgetown College. M. D., 1906, Georgetown. Clinical 
 Assistant, Diseases of Children, Georgetown Univ. Hospital ; Clinical 
 Assistant, Surgery, Casualty Hospital ; Surgeon to Great Falls and Old 
 Dominion R, R. ; Attending Physician, Deer Park Hotel ; Interne, 
 Casualty Hospital, 1903-6 ; Resident Physician, Georgetown Univ. Hos- 
 pital, 1906-7; Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology, Georgetown Train- 
 ing School for Nurses. Married, April 14, 1909, Miss Mildred Lambert, 
 of Washington. 
 
 OCTOBER 1, 1908 
 
 908. JULIAN M. CABELL— Born Dec. 21, i860, Richmond, Va. 
 M. D., 1885, Univ. Va. Educated in private schools, Richmond College 
 and Univ. Va. Appointed Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A., April 14, 1887; served 
 in the field in South Dakota through the Sioux campaign, 1890-1 ; ap- 
 pointed Asst. Prof. Army Med. School when it was organized. Retired 
 for disability in 1897, and began private practice in New York City, 1897-8. 
 In 1898, was Asst. to Chief Surgeon, 8th Army Corps, in Philippines ; 
 appointed Brigade vSurgeon March, 1899 ; was Medical Superintendent, 
 Columbia Hospital, Washington, 1899 to 1904. In South Africa in Boer 
 War, 1 899-1 900, Chief Surgeon, Hospital Corps. 
 
 909. MEAD MOORE— M. D., Columbian, 1906. 
 
 910. MARY O'MALLEY— Born in Medina, N. Y. M. D., 1897, Ni- 
 agara Univ. Attended Normal School at Brockport and High School at 
 Medina. Served one year as Interne, Buffalo Hospital. In October, 
 1898, appointed Asst. Phys., Binghamton State Hosp. for Insane, N. Y. 
 In September, 1905, Asst. Phys., Govt. Hosp. Insane, Washington. 
 
 911. JOHN R. BUCK— M. D., 1904, Columbian. 
 
 912. CARL HENNING— M. D., 1905, Columbian. 
 
 913. MOSES HUBBARD DARNALL— Born in Weston, Collin Co., 
 Texas, Sept. 6, 1882. Educated at Collin Co. Public School; Grayson 
 College, Texas, and Kentucky University. M. D., 1907, Columbian. 
 Interne, Government Hospital Insane, Aug. i, 1907, to February, 1908. 
 Began to practice in Washington, Feb. i, 1908. 
 
 914. HOWARD HUME— M. D., 1905, Univ. Virginia. 
 
 915. JOSEPH JAMES KINYOUN— Born Nov. 25, i860. North Caro- 
 lina. M. D., 1882, Bellevue; Ph. D., 1894, Georgetown, Son of Dr. J. H. 
 and Bettie A. Conrad Kinyoun of Centre View, Mo. Was Prof. Hygiene
 
 396 MEDICAL SOCIKTY 
 
 and Bacteriology, 1890-2 ; Pathology and Bacteriology, 1S92-99, George- 
 town Med. School. Sometime Passed Asst. Surg., U. S. M. H. S. Fellow 
 A. A, A. S. ; Member Assn. Pathologists and Bacteriologists; Assn, 
 Amer. Physicians ; Prof. Pathology, G. W. U. Med. College. See Amer. 
 Men of Science, 1906 ; Watson's Biog., p. 378. 
 
 *>!(}. EDWARD HOMER EGBERT— Born South Bend, Ind., Mays, 
 1881. Attended grammar schools, Chicago, 111., and Central High School, 
 Cleveland, Ohio, 1896-1900; Dartmouth College, 1900-1 ; Dartmouth 
 Medical School, 1901-3; M. D., Baltimore Med. College, 1905; Externe, 
 Mary Hitchcock Hospital, Hanover, N. H., 1902-3; Surgical Externe, St. 
 Vincent's Charity Hospital, Cleveland, Summer, 1902; Externe, Surgical 
 and Genito-urinary Service, Lakeside Hospital, Cleveland, Summer, 1903; 
 Resident Physician, Sibley Hospital, Washington. D. C, June to Octo- 
 ber, 1905. In general practice, Washington, since November, 1905. 
 Member Med. Assn., D. C; Therapeutic Society; Med. and Surg. So- 
 ciety, D. C; A. M. A.; Lecturer Nurses' Training School, Sibley Hosp., 
 since 1905; Associate Physician, General Medicine, Casualty Hospital, 
 1906-S; Associate Physician, Tuberculosis Dispensary, Associated Chari- 
 ties, since 1906. 
 
 APRIL 7, 1909 
 
 917. WILLIAM F. M. SOWERS— Born April 22, 1873, D- C. A. B., 
 1896, Princeton ; M. D., 1900, Johns Hopkins. Son of Dr. Z. T. Sowers, 
 supra. Associate in Surgery, G. W. U. Med. School ; Associate in Surg- 
 ery, Providence Hospital ; Visiting Surgeon, Freedmen's Hospital ; In- 
 structor, Clinical Surgery, Howard Med. School. 
 
 918. GEORGE J. NEWGARDEN— Born June 25, 1864, Philadelphia, 
 Pa. A. B., 1880; A. M., 1S85, Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa.; 
 M. D., 1889, Jefferson. Interne, Philadelphia Hospital (Blockley), 1890; 
 Med. Examiner, Pension Bureau, Washington, D. C, 1S90-1 ; Asst. 
 Demonstrator, Operative Surgery, Jefferson Med. College, and Clinical 
 Assistant, Medical Clinics, Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp., 1891-2. Married, 
 April II, 1891, Margaret Woolever, of Allentown, Pa. First Lieut., Asst. 
 Surgeon, U. S. A., Nov. 4, 1892 ; Captain, Nov. 4, 1897 ; Major and Sur- 
 geon, Nov. 23, 1905. Retired, for disability incident to service, April 24, 
 1907, with rank of Major. Served in various parts of the United States, 
 in Cuba during the Spanish War (established the " Bloody Ford" dress- 
 ing station on San Juan River, Santiago, Cuba, July, 1898), and in Phil- 
 ippine Islands. 
 
 919. BERNARD HOOE HARRISON— Born July 4, 1869, Houston, 
 Texas. Attended High School and Conyngton Business College. Was 
 in railroad work about three years. M. D., 1903, Howard. Since then 
 has practiced in Washington. See Lamb's History, p. 246.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 397 
 
 920. HENRY FENNO SAWTELLE-M. D., 1902, Coll. Phys. and 
 Surg., Chicago. Deputy Health Officer, Washington, D. C. 
 
 921. WILLIAM MALCOLM— M. D., 1891, Med. Coll. Univ. City of 
 N. Y. 
 
 922. ROBERT S. TRIMBLE— M. D., 1903, National Univ., D. C. 
 
 923. WILLIAM CABELL MOORE— M. D., 1902, Univ. Virginia. 
 
 924. MARTHA MARIA BREWER LYON— Born March 31, 1871, 
 Peabody, Mass. Educated in Washington Public and Normal Schools. 
 B. S., 1900; M. S., 1901, Columbian Univ.; M. D., 1907, Howard. Clin- 
 ical .Assistant in Ophthalmology, Howard Univ. Med. School, 1908-9. 
 Married, Dec. 31, 1902, Dr. Marcus Ward Lyon, Jr. Teacher in Wash- 
 ington Public Schools, 1890-1902. 
 
 925. WILLIAM CLINE BORDEN— Born May 19, 1858, Watertown, 
 N. Y. M. D., Columbian, 1883. Son of Daniel J. and Mary L. Cline 
 Borden. Descendant of the Bordens who came from England in 1635 
 and settled in Providence Plantations, R. I., and of Jean of Bourdounay, 
 of Normandy, who was with William the Conqueror, in the invasion of 
 England. Educated in public schools, Adams Collegiate Institute, Ad- 
 ams, N. Y. Appointed Asst. Surgeon, U. S. A., in 1883 ; Captain, 1888; 
 Brigade Surgeon and Major, 1898, in Spanish-American War ; Major 
 and Surgeon, U. S. A., 1901. Was in command of Army General Hos- 
 pital, Key West, Florida ; also commanded steamer transport hospital ; 
 Prof. Military Surgery, Army Med. School; Prof. Surgical Pathology 
 and Military Surger}', Georgetown Med. School. Member A. M. A.; 
 Assn. Military Surgeons ; Fellow Micros. Society, England. Dean Med. 
 Dept., G. W. Univ. Married, Oct. 23, 1883, Jennie E. Adams. Author 
 of Photomicrographs, Columbus, Ohio, 1888-1891; Use of Roentgen rays 
 by Med. Dept., U. S. A., in War with Spain, Washington, 1900 and 1902; 
 Essay on Military Surgery, Washington, 1905. See Georgetown Univer- 
 sity, II, p. 108. 
 
 92(>. WILLIAM B. CARR— M. D., 1907, Columbian. Son of Dr. W. 
 P. Carr, supra. 
 
 927. T. J. SULLIVAN— M. D., 1904, Georgetown. 
 
 928. WILLIAM J. FRENCH— M. D., 1905, Columbian. 
 
 929. RALPH A. HAMILTON— M. D., 1904, Georgetown. Son of 
 Dr. J. B. Hamilton, supra.
 
 398 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 The following changes in and additions to the above 
 sketches should be made : 
 
 No. 81. J. E. Morgan — The vSt. John's College named was at Freder- 
 ick, Md.; from it he received the degree of A. M. in 1850. 
 
 No. 102. S. W. Everett — Was Demonstrator, not Professor, of An- 
 atomy. 
 
 No. 153. W. H. Taylor — Was a member, but not President, of Med. 
 Assn., D. C. 
 
 No. 229. W. J. Craigen — Died July 17, 1909. 
 
 No. 315. C. W. Franzoni — Add: member A. M. A. since 1872, and 
 Biological Society, Washington, for twenty-five years. 
 
 No. 338. J. T. SOTHORON— Feb. 28 should be Sept. 28. 
 
 No. 373. S. S. Adams — Add: President, Amer. Pediatric Society, 1897, 
 its Secretary since 1891. Educated in public schools of Washington and 
 private schools, Alexandria Co., Va. Studied medicine with Dr. S. C. 
 Busey, supra. Has been connected with Children's Hospital since 1876. 
 Lecturer on Diseases Children, Georgetown Med. School, 1879-83 ; Prof. 
 Theory and Practice Medicine, National Univ., 1883-94; Clinical Prof. 
 Diseases of Children, Columbian Univ. Med. College, 1893-6 ; Prof. Dis- 
 eases Children, Georgetown Med. School, 1896-8 (Georgetown was the 
 second college in United States to establish a Professorship of Pediatrics, 
 Harvard being the first); Prof. Theory and Practice Medicine and Dis- 
 eases Children since 1898; Attending Physician, Wash. Home for In- 
 curables; sometime Consulting Physician, Sibley Hospital, and President 
 of Staff; Attending Physician, Children's Hospital, Secretary of Board of 
 Directors. Chairman Committee Arrangements, First Pan-Amer. Med. 
 Congress, 1893; Chairman Committee Arrangements, Third, Fourth and 
 Fifth Cong. Amer, Phys. and Surg.; First Vice Pres. Section Diseases 
 Children, Tuberculosis Congress, 1908; President two years, Wash. Ob- 
 stet. and Gynecol. Society ; member Assn. Study Tuberculosis. Author, 
 Diet after weaning, Keating's Cyclop. Diseases Children. 
 
 No. 450. E. L. Morgan— President, 1899. Med. and Surg. Society, 
 D. C; an incorporator, but not President, Library Association, D. C. 
 
 No. 566. P. C. Hunt — The figures 1894-8 are incorrect ; the hospital 
 was not then in existence. Dr. Hunt served several years.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 399 
 
 No. 600. N. B. Morton — Died July ig, 1909, lyong Beach, Cal. 
 
 No. 613. W. M. Barton — Is now Prof. Materia Medica, Georgetown 
 Med. School. 
 
 No. 747. J. S. WaIvI.— Is Prof. Physiology, Georgetown Med. School. 
 
 No. 788. B. R. Slaughter (Morton) — Is Chairman (National) Pub- 
 lic Health Education Committee. 
 
 It will be observed that many of the foregoing personal 
 sketches are very brief ; this brevity, for many reasons, is 
 much to be regretted. It is due, however, to the Committee 
 on History, to state that abundant opportunity was given to 
 the members of the Society to furnish the desired data or 
 themselves to write up their own sketches. A preliminary 
 circular, under date February 7, 1906, was sent to each 
 member at that time, as also a blank form to be filled out 
 and returned to the committee. From time to time, also, a 
 notice appeared in the journal of the Society, the Wash- 
 ington Medical Annals, reminding members of the 
 necessity of sending their sketches and photographs for the 
 use of the committee, and indicating the scope and charac- 
 ter of the desired information.* More than three years 
 elapsed, and as the time for publication approached, these 
 reminders were made more urgent, and members of the 
 committee took the trouble to personally urge the subject 
 on the attention of the procrastinating ones. The number 
 of sketches actually furnished to the committee was few ; 
 but, fortunately, many others were obtained from the bio- 
 graphical works named above on pages 210 and 211. 
 
 It should be understood that in the original sketches as 
 furnished, and especially in those obtained from the books 
 
 * See Wash. Med. Annals, March, 1906, p. 63 ; May, p. 128 ; July, p. 187 ; September, 
 p. 221; November, p. 309; January, 1907, p. 413; March, pp. 61-62; May, p. 173; July, 
 p. 248 ; September, p. 324; March, 1908, p. 129; May, p. 190; July, p. 292; September, p. 
 324 ; November, p. 395 ; March, 1909, p. 80 ; May, p. 146 ; July, p. 218.
 
 400 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 mentioned, there were more or less errors of fact ; and to 
 these others were inevitably added in the transcription. 
 vSome of these errors were eliminated in the reading of the 
 proof, which was done by at least eight persons (the com- 
 mittee and Drs. S. S. Adams, J. D. Morgan and G. L. Ma- 
 gruder) besides the printer ; what errors remain may be 
 regarded as practically unavoidable and the percentage is 
 doubtless small. 
 
 It seemed desirable that some facts brought out by an 
 analysis of the sketches should be presented in a synop- 
 tical form ; as, where members were born, where they 
 graduated in medicine, where their non-medical education 
 was obtained and who of them served in the military, na- 
 val or marine hospital services. As to the place of birth, 
 the information is nearly complete and probably is approx- 
 imately correct, although in a few cases a member in sep- 
 arate communications gave different dates of birth, or 
 different places (sometimes far apart), and these discrepan- 
 cies had to be corrected. As to the college of graduation 
 in medicine, the information is more complete and prob- 
 ably correct, or nearly so. The table showing army, navy 
 and marine hospital service is also in all probability nearly 
 complete and correct. The list of non-medical educational 
 institutions is probably far from complete, but as far as it 
 gfoes is of interest.
 
 DISTRICT OF COXvUMBIA 4OI 
 
 TABLE I.* 
 
 PLACE OF BIRTH. 
 
 Maine.— 34. 85, 136, 142, 241, 319, 419, 44i, 527, 549- 622, 659, 861. 
 
 New Hampshire.— 78, 174, 177, 303, 312, 409, 443, 465, 597, 618, 677, 
 766, "]"]■], 822, 829. 
 
 Vermont. — 538, 690, 713, 798, 897. 
 
 Massachusetts. — 18, 21, yj, 107, 109, 117, 140, 175, 197, 199, 208, 259, 
 260, 276, 297, 310, 380, 381, 386, 404, 418, 430, 600, 616, 629, 803, 821, 
 858, 924. 
 
 Rhode Island. — 209, 495, 566, 692, 729. 
 
 Connecticut. — 83, 271, 452, 576, 702, 830, 834. 
 
 New York. — loi, 124, 163, 167, 179, 182, 211, 228, 242, 262, 293, 294, 301, 
 314, 324, 348, 349> 398, 408. 421, 438, 460, 493, 503, 508, 512, 523, 537, 
 555, 575, 582, 594, 637, 646, 658, 688, 695 to 697, 704, 712>, 792, 810, 
 845, 878, 907, 910, 925. 
 
 New Jersey.— 36, 39, 46, 53, 150, 231, 268, 423, 522, 535, 587, 624, 769. 
 
 PENNSYLVANiA.r-25, 32, 38, 59, 67, 98, 128, 141, 153, 172, 213, 223, 230, 
 2.Z2>, 238, 243, 257, ^(i']. 272, 277, 278, 299, 332, 342, 362, ZT7, 385, 417, 
 433, 434. 447, 457, 458, 491, 525, 556, 573. 589, 593, 608, 627, 630, 666 
 to 668, 671, 689, 694, 722, 760, 778, 779, 786, 795, 811, 813, 817, 840, 
 848, 864, 865, 876, 877, 879, 883, 918. 
 
 Delaware. — 244, 387. 
 
 Maryland. — i to 3, 5 to 8, 12, 14 to 17, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, 42, 43, 45, 
 50, 51, 54, 56, 63, 70, 80, 81, 82, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 97, 99, m, Ii3, 129, 
 137, 151, 154, 165, 178, 187, 191, 193, 195, 217, 220, 237, 245, 249, 283, 
 313. 317, 320, Z2T, zzi, 338, 365, 366, 370, 389, 392, 395, 397, 400, 402, 
 405, 414, 425, 445, 453, 461, 468, 476, 484. 486, 499, 506, 511, 518, 524, 
 531, 534, 539, 542, 547, 548, 564, 569, 607, 614, 623, 625, 628, 634, 638, 
 648, 653, 665, 669, 670, 686, 693, 716, 718, 726, 728, 742, 749, 751, 752, 
 763. 775, 780, 790, 800. 814, 832, 836, 839. 847, 853, 856, 868, 871, 884, 
 888. 
 
 District of Columbia. — 23, 28, 44, 48, 49, 52, 58, 60, 61, 66, 68, 69, 71, 
 74, 75, 11, 79. 84, 86, 88, 93, 96, 100, 108, 112, 118 to 120, 122, 123, 125, 
 127, 133, 138, 143. 144, 147, 149, 155, 161, 162, 169, 170, 176, 180, 183, 
 185, 186, 188, 189, 192, 194, 196, 200 to 202, 206, 210, 212, 214, 219, 221, 
 222, 225, 235, 236, 251 to 253, 255, 263, 270, 280, 281, 284 to 289, 296, 
 298, 305 to 307, 311, 315, 316, 318, 326, 329 to 331, 334 to 336, 339 to 
 341, 343, 344, 346, 347, 357, 358, 368, 372 to 375, 383, 388, 391, 393, 
 
 * The figures in the tables are the .serial numbers of the biographical sketches. 
 26
 
 402 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 District of Columbia. — Continued. 
 
 399. 403, 406, 407, 410 to 412, 415, 416, 420, 422, 426, 428, 432, 435, 
 437, 439, 442, 446, 448, 450, 455, 459, 464. 466, 467, 469, 47i, 478, 482, 
 48s, 489, 490, 492, 496, 497, 500, 501. 504, 505, 507, 509, 510, 514 to S16, 
 519, 528, 530, 532, 541, 543, 550, 557 to 560, 567. 568, 577 to 579, 584, 
 586, 588, 596, 598, 599, 602, 609, 610, 613, 619, 635, 647, 656, 657, 678, 
 679, 683 to 685, 687, 700, 703, 705, 706, 710 to 712, 714, 715, 717, 725. 
 732 to 735, 739, 741, 743, 744, 747, 756, 757, 759, 761, jdT, 768, 774, 787» 
 789, 791, 794, 796, 797, 802, 804, 823, 825, 826, 833, 835, 846, 850. 859, 
 866, 869, 870, 872, 875, 885, 889, 893, 900, 917. 
 
 Virginia. — ^4, 9, 13, zz, 4°, 41, 47, 65, 92, 103, 105, 106, 116, 121, 130, 131, 
 134, 152, 156, 160, 166, 171, 181, 204, 229, 239, 258, 279, 291, 309, 323, 
 351, Zl(i, 361, 364, 367, 371, 376, 379, 384, 390, 401, 427, 429, 431, 436, 
 440, 444, 454, 472 to 474, 479, 480, 483, 502, 513, 517, 520, 521, 529. 552 
 to 554, 570, 585, 590, 592, 606, 611, 620, 621, 631, d:^, 639, 644, 649, 
 654, 655, 661, (£2>, 664, 672, 676, 681, 701, 707, 721, 724, 727, 731, 740, 
 746, 753, 788, 793, 799, 818 to 820, 824, 831, 851, 854, 860, 867, 873, 887, 
 896, 908. 
 
 West Virginia. — 282, 595, 612, 633, 754, 827, 901. 
 
 North Carolina. — 164, 234, 254, 275, 451, 488, 545, 565, 602, 650, (i^z> 
 772, 843, 915. 
 
 South Carolina. — 157, 413, 571, 572, 603, 642, 776. 
 
 Georgia. — 62, 135, 748, 882. 
 
 Alabama. — 808. 
 
 MississipPL — 533, 784, 785, 806. 
 
 Louisiana. — ^494, 782, 841. 
 
 Texas. — 838, 913, 919. 
 
 Kentucky— 132, 145, 173, 250, 378, 481, 698, 815. 
 
 Tennessee. — 266, 359, 709, 886. 
 
 Ohio.— 148, 274, 449, 470, 546, 562, 580, 605, 640, 643, 680, 720, 736 to 738, 
 745, 750, 762, 765, 770, 783, 801, 805, 844, 855, 898. 
 
 Indiana.— 300, 2,22, 350, 540, 626, 674, 723, 758, 781, 916. 
 
 Illinois.— 352, 396, 536, 617, 632, 708. 
 
 Michigan. — 292, 498, 526, 812, 837, 894, 899. 
 
 Wisconsin. — 265. 
 
 Missouri. — 218, 226, 462, 477, 816. 
 
 ^IiNNEsoTA. — 574, 645. 
 
 Iowa.— 475. 
 
 Kansas. — 682. 
 
 Arkansas. — 382, 874. 
 
 California. — 857. 
 
 Canada. — 264, 463, 771. 
 
 West Indies. — 36. 
 
 Chili. — 224.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 4O3 
 
 England.— 55, 102, 190, 205, 207, 248, 290, 295, 302, z^i, 544, 563. 809, 
 
 849. 
 Scotland.— no, 247, 273, ZZZ, 394, 641. 
 Ireland.— 89, 114, 158, 159, 203, 304, 321, 353, 456, 59i- 
 France.— 115, 146, 354- 
 Germany. — 64, 104, 126, 168, 184, 198, 227, 232, 240, 269, 308, 328, 345, 
 
 424, 581, 615, 652, 699, 807, 828, 852. 
 Austria. — 216, 583. 
 Italy.— 651, 730. 
 Switzerland. — 719. 
 Russia. — 72. 
 India. — 487. 
 Australia. — 561. 
 
 TABLE II. 
 
 medical colleges from which graduated, some members graduated 
 from more than one college. 
 
 Maine. 
 
 Medical Department Bowdoin College; Maine Medical School, 
 Brunswick. — 142, 264, 303, 319, 527, 659. 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Medical Department, Dartmouth College, Hanover. — 233. 
 Vermont. 
 
 Castleton Medical College ; Vermont Academy of Medicine ; Acad- 
 emy of Medical Science, Castleton. — 141, 418. 
 Medical Department, University of Vermont, Burlington. — 369, 407, 
 455- 
 Massachusetts. 
 Harvard Medical School, Boston. — 18, 21, 34, 2>7, 161, 310, 381, 409. 
 
 410, 441, 600, 616. 
 
 Berkshire Medical College, Pittsfield. — 99, 199, 297. 
 New England Female Medical College, Boston. — 629. 
 New York. 
 
 College Physicians and Surgeons ; Medical Department, Columbia 
 University, New York City. — loi, 124, 207, 208, 261, 265, 355, 371, 
 
 411, 554, 594, 597, 610, 675, 702, 704, 716, 768, 828, 857, 897. 
 University City of New York. — 86, 102, 131, 182, 360, 422, 426, 695, 
 
 808, 921. 
 Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City. — 196, 201, 259, 
 
 293, 223, 359, 374, 492, 495, 612, 637, 796, 831, 915. 
 Woman's Medical College, New York City. — 599. 
 Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn.— 198, 320, 491, 554, 786.
 
 404 MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 New York. — Continued. 
 
 Albany Medical College, Albany.— 296, 301, 697. 
 
 Medical Department, University of Buffalo, Buffalo. — 294, 580. 
 
 Medical Department, Niagara University, Buffalo. — 910. 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Medical Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. — i, 
 4, 6, 8, 14, 16. 24, 25, 27 to 29, 31 to 33, 36, 38 to 40, 44, 47, 52, 62, 
 64, 66, 67, 86, 88, 93, 94, 103, 105, 109, 113, 121, 123, 128, 133. I35> 
 136, 144, 150, 155, 164, 179, 190, 200, 202, 217, 219, 223, 226, 229, 242, 
 244, 250, 257, 275. 286, 289, 291, 296, 325, 346, 356, 362. 366, 368, 384, 
 38s, 387, 416, 428, 435,' 442, 543. 583, 607, 609, 630, 645, 650, 653, 666, 
 677, 682, 692, 700, 742, 779, 795, 806, 809, 811, 829, 852, 877, 879, 889, 
 
 893. 
 
 American Medical Society, Philadelphia. — 2. 
 
 Medical Department, Pennsylvania College (Gettysburg), Philadel- 
 phia. — 92. 
 
 Philadelphia College Medicine and Surgery. — 215, 247. 
 
 Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia. — 498, 504, 624, 781, 788, 801. 
 
 Medico-Chirurgical College, Philadelphia. — 687. 
 
 Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. — 59 to 61, 71, 83, 119, 120, 
 134, 139, 141. 152, 156, 169, 204, 231, 234, 402, 447, 480, 494, 502, 535, 
 550, 619, 621, 627, 668, 754, 762, 881, 918. 
 Maryland. 
 
 Medical Department. University of Maryland, Baltimore. — 3, 23, 41, 
 43. 51, 54, 56, 63, 74, 80, 95, 97, no, in, 114, 116, 129, 138, 140, 151, 
 187, 191, 210, 218, 225, 232, 245, 249, 295, 344, 364, 365, 376, 389, 392, 
 397. 405. 414. 420, 425, 427, 445, 451, 458, 468, 470, 484, 488, 499. 506, 
 511, 515, 551, 563, 569, 577, 585. 601, 611, 614, 642, 649, 663, 672, 673, 
 686, 701, 726, 737. 752, 763, 827. 
 
 Baltimore Medical College. — 643, 655, 769, 839, 916. 
 
 Medical Department, Baltimore University ; Washington Medical 
 College ; Washington University, Baltimore. — 87, 96, 160, 423, 486, 
 533. 772. 
 
 College Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore. — 423, 476, 751, 833, 865, 
 
 Woman's Medical College, Baltimore. — 525. 
 
 Medical Department, Johns Hopkins University. — 740, 800, 803 to 
 805, 810, 821, 830, 835, 847, 858, 871, 906, 917. 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Medical Department, Columbian College and University; National 
 Medical College; Medical Department, George Washington Uni- 
 versity (see p. 212).— 7, 46, 48 to 50, S3, 58, 65, 68 to 71, 75, 77 to 
 79, 81; 84, 85, 89, 91, 98, 100, 106 to 108, 112, 115, 117, 118, 122, 125, 
 132, 147, 149. 153. 154. 166, 170, 172, 176. 178, 183, 185, 189, 190, 192. 
 197, 212, 222, 239, 252, 254, 258, 279, 283, 306, 308, 309, 315. 317, 323^
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 4O5 
 
 District of Columbia.— Continued. 
 
 324, 327, 334, 335, 2,37, 341, 350 to 352, 357, 379, 380, 382, 383, 388, 
 393, 404, 408, 415, 417, 421, 430, 432, 433, 435, 436, 439, 442, 446, 448, 
 449, 454, 459, 461, 462, 466, 472, 475, 478, 479, 481, 482, 485, 489, 490, 
 497. 500, SOI, 503, 513, 517, 519, 522, 523, 524, 526, 530, 534, 537 to 
 539, 541, 549. 553. 557, 559, 560, 565, 568, 570, 571, 576, 582, 587, 602, 
 604, 608, 615, 617, 620, 622, 628, 633, 635, 639, 640, 647, 651, 654, 656 
 to 658, 661, 665, 676, 678, 681, 684, 685, 693, 696, 703, 705 to 707, 710, 
 712 to 7I5> 718, 721, 722, 724, 727, 734, 736, 739, 741, 743 to 745, 748, 
 750, 753, 757. 758, 766, 771, 77^ to 778, 782 to 784, 787. 790 to. 794, 
 798, 812, 814 to 820, 832, 834, 836, 837, 840, 843, 845, 846, 848, 849, 
 851, 853, 855, 856, 859, 860 to 864, 868, 870, 872 to 876, 882 to 884, 
 888, 891, 894, 895, 899, 900, 904, 905, 909, 911 to 913, 926, 928. 
 
 Georgetown Medical School; Medical Department Georgetown Uni- 
 versity. — 127, 130, 137, 143, 146, 158, 162, 163, 165, 167, 171, 173 to 
 175, '^77, 180, 181, 186, 188, 193 to 195, 206, 209, 213, 214, 220. 221, 
 230, 235 to 238, 240, 241, 251, 253, 25s, 256, 259, 260, 262, 263, 266 to 
 274, 277, 278, 280 to 282, 284, 285, 287, 288, 290, 292, 298, 300, 304, 
 305, 307, 311 to 314, 316, 318, 321, 322, 326, 328 to 2,2,2, 336, 338 to 
 340, 342, 343, 345, 347, 348, 349, 353, 354, 358, 363, 370, 372 to 375, 
 2,77, 378, 386, 391, 394, 395, 398 to 400, 403, 406, 412, 413, 440, 457, 
 460, 464, 467, 469, 471, 477, 496, 505, 507 to 510, 512, 514, 516. 518, 
 520, 531. 532, 540, 545, 547, 552, 555. 558, 561. 566, 567. 574, 575, 578. 
 579, 586, 589, 590, 591, 596, 598, 609, 613, 623, 626, 631. 634, 638, 646, 
 648, 664, 667, 689, 691, 708, 709, 717, 732, 722,, 735. 747, 749, 759 to 
 761, 764, 765, 767, 772' 780, 789, 802, 822 to 826, 841, 842, 844, 850, 
 869, 878, 880, 887, 896, 901, 902, 907, 925, 927, 929. 
 
 Medical Department, Howard University. — 333, 354, 419, 434, 438, 
 443, 453, 457, 465, 536, 546, 556, 562, 618, 625, 641, 669, 679, 683, 688, 
 694, 699, 708, 719, 728, 729, 738, 807, 849, 885, 888, 898, 919, 924. 
 
 Medical Department, National University, D. C— 437, 528, 529, 544, 
 588, 593, 626, 674, 711, 725, 756, 774, 799, 801, 838, 892, 922. 
 Virginia. 
 
 Medical Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. — 82, 
 266, 390, 422, 429, 444, 473, 474, 483, 521, 548, 592, 595, 603, 606. 644, 
 670, 731, 746, 775, 797, 831, 866, 867, 886, 908, 914, 923. 
 
 Medical College of Virginia, Richmond; Richmond Medical Col- 
 lege.— 145, 243, 401, 450, 584, 813, 854. 
 South Carolina. 
 
 University of South Carolina; Charleston Medical College, Charles- 
 ton.— 157, 542, 572. 
 Louisiana. 
 
 Medical Department, Tulane University, New Orleans.— 785. 
 
 New Orleans School of Medicine. — 355.
 
 406 medical society 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Medical Department, University of Louisville. — 86, 431. 
 
 IMedical Department, Transylvania University, Lexington. — 234. 
 
 Louisville Medical College.— 148, 361, 723. 
 
 Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville. — 698. 
 Ohio. 
 
 Cleveland Medical College.— 168, 463. 
 
 Medical Department, Western Reserve University, Cleveland. — 228. 
 276, 470. 
 
 Medical Department, Wooster University; Charity Hospital ^Medical 
 College, Cleveland.— 573, 580. 
 
 Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. — 299, 605, 671, 680. 
 
 Columbus Medical College, Columbus. — 720. 
 
 Starling Medical College, Columbus. — 770. 
 Illinois. 
 
 Rush Aledical College, Chicago. — 248, 396. 
 
 Chicago Medical College. — 367. 
 
 College Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago. — 920. 
 
 IMlCHIGAN. 
 
 Medical Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. — 493. 
 Minnesota. 
 
 Medical Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. — 662. 
 Iowa. 
 
 Medical Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City. — 581, 632. 
 
 ]\IlSS0URI. 
 
 Ensworth Medical College, St. Joseph. — 660. 
 
 C.\NADA. 
 
 Medical Department, University Bishop's College. Montreal. — 690. 
 
 Medical Department, McGill University, Montreal. — 890, 903. 
 ^Mexico. 
 
 Medical Department, University of Mexico, Mexico. — 205. 
 England. 
 
 Royal College Surgeons, London. — 159, 205, 239. 
 Scotland. 
 
 Medical Department, University of Edinburgh. — 30, 487. 
 
 Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. — 564. 
 Ireland. 
 
 Medical Department, Queen's College, Cork. — 203. 
 
 ^ledical Department, Queen's College, Belfast. — 456. 
 
 Rotunda Lying-in Hospital, Dublin. — 159, 622, 730. 
 Germany. 
 
 F. W. University, Berlin. — 72, 184, 224, 383, 637, 82S. 
 
 Ludwig Max. University, Munich. — 350. 
 
 Julius Max. University.Wuerzburg. — 424.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 407 
 
 Germany. — Continued. 
 
 E. K. University, Ttibingen. — 227. 
 
 G. A. University, Goettingen. — 126. 
 
 University of Leipzig. — 446, 652. 
 Austria. 
 
 K. K. University, Vienna. — 259. 
 
 K. K. University, Prag. — 216. 
 Switzerland. 
 
 University of Ziirich. — 104. 
 Belgium. 
 
 University of Brussels. — 564. 
 Italy. 
 
 University of Bologna. — 730. 
 
 TABLE in. 
 
 educational institutions attended; excluding public secondary 
 
 schools and medical colleges. 
 Maine. 
 
 Bowdoin College. Brunswick. — 861. 
 
 Colby College, Waterville. — 419, 549. 
 
 Gardiner Lyceum, Gardiner. — 319. 
 
 Westbrook Seminary, Woodfords. — 527. 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Dartmouth College, Hanover.— 140, 174, 233, 418, 677, -]-]-], 829, 916. 
 
 Appleton's Academy, New Ipswich. — 175, 233. 
 
 Strafford Academy, Strafford. — 303. 
 
 Wolfboro Academy, Wolfboro. — 303. 
 
 Crosby's Academy, Nassau. — 354. 
 
 Robinson's Female Seminary, Exeter. — 443. 
 Vermont. 
 
 University of Vermont, Burlington. — 190. 
 
 Norwich University, Northfield. — 226. 
 
 Middlebury College, Middlebury.— 897. 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Harvard University, Cambridge.— 414, 44i. 597. 616, 704, 768. 
 
 Williams College, Williamstown.— 538, 816. 
 
 Amherst College, Amherst. — 804. 
 
 Holy Cross College, Worcester. — 386. 
 
 Smith College, Hatfield.— 858. 
 
 Winchendon Academy, Wichendon. — 418. 
 
 Phillips' Academy, Andover. — 418. 
 
 Groton Academy, Groton. — 78. 
 
 Round Hill School, Northampton.— 62.
 
 408 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 Brown University, Providence. — 418, 452, 692. 
 
 Wellesley College, Wellesley. — 805. 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Yale University, New Haven.— 62, 67, 135- 48", "02, 830, 834 869. 
 
 Trinity College, Hartford.— 495, 603. 
 
 Betts' Academy, Stamford. — 226. 
 
 Jones' Academy, Bridgeport. — 226. 
 
 Norwalk Academy, Norwalk. — 350. 
 New York. 
 
 Columbia University, New York City. — loi. 
 
 University of New York City. — 821. 
 
 Cornell University, Ithaca. — 679. 
 
 Syracuse University, Syracuse. — 646. 
 
 College St. Francis Xavier, New York City. — 273. 
 
 Manhattan College, New York City.— 682. 
 
 Union College, Schenectady. — 23, 136, 697. 
 
 Vassar College, Poughkeepsie. — 599. 
 
 Hobart College, Geneva. — 522. 
 
 Adams' Collegiate Institute, Adams. — 925. 
 
 Claverack College, Claverack. — 716. 
 
 Cooper Institute, New York City. — 527. 
 
 Arcade Seminary, Arcade. — 294. 
 
 Union Academy, Wayne Count}-. — 555. 
 
 Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, Lima. — 294, 493. 
 
 Trumansburg Academy, Trumansburg. — 591. 
 
 Cazenovia Seminary, Cazenovia. — 658. 
 New Jersey. 
 
 Princeton University, Princeton. — 28, 36. 39, 46, 53, 86, 138, 144. 410, 
 416, 438, 465. 466, 630, 680, 752, 835. 
 
 Centenary Collegiate Institute, Hackettstown. — 716. 
 
 Belvidere Academy, Belvidere. — 342. 
 
 Freehold Academy, Freehold. — 354. 
 
 Edge Hill School, Princeton. — 366. 
 
 New Jersey State Model School, Trenton. — 624. 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. — 39, 109. 
 
 Western University, Allegheny. — 141. 
 
 Bucknill University, Lewisburg. — 260. 
 
 Juniata College, Huntingdon. — ^457, 628. 
 
 Jefferson College, Cannonsburg. — 52, 151. 
 
 Alleghany College, Meadville. — 407. 
 
 Washington and Jefferson College, Washington. — 168. 
 
 Dickinson College, Carlisle. — 461.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLTTMBIA 4O9 
 
 Peknsylvanta. — Continued. 
 
 Pennsylvania College. Getn-sburg. — 198, ^3, 653. 
 
 Lafayette College, Easton. — 796. 
 
 Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster. — 786. 
 
 Philadelphia College Pharmacy. — J22, 728, 879. 
 
 Temple College, Philadelphia. — 894. 
 
 St. Mar>-'s College. Northeast — 828. 
 
 Monongahela Academy, Monongahela. — ^282. 
 
 Huntingdon Academj-, Huntingdon. — ^457. 
 
 Central High School, Philadelphia (confers degrees). — ^272, 918. 
 
 State Normal School, Millersville. — 694, 817. 
 Delaware. 
 
 Delaware College, Newark. — 387. 
 
 Milford Academ}-, Milford. — 244. 
 
 Academy, Wilmington. — 500. 
 
 ^LVRVLAXD. 
 
 Johns Hopkins L'niversit}-, Baltimore. — 800. 836, S47, 850, 8^2. 871. 
 
 Mt. St. Marj-'s University, Emmetsburg. — 94. 141, 384. 
 
 St. Mar\'s College, Baltimore. — 56, 70. iii. 375. 
 
 Washington College, Baltimore. — 151. 686. 
 
 St. James College, near Baltimore. — 289. 
 
 St. John's College, Annapolis. — 24, 29, 366, 392, 459, 500, 519, 623, 
 
 670, 808. 
 St. John's College, Frederick. — 81. 
 St. John's College, Hagerstown. — 123. 
 Mt. St. Joseph's College, Baltimore. — 901. 
 Maryland Agricultural College, College Park. — 832. 
 Rock Hill College. Ellicott City. — 372, 391. 664, 726, 759. 
 Presbyterian College. New Windsor. — 769. 
 Baltimore College Dental Surgery. — ^415. 
 Frederick College. Frederick. — ^468. 
 
 Roclv\-ille Academy, Rockville (^McLeod'sV-^5. 127. 397, 420. 
 Frederick Academy, Frederick. — 670. 
 Broolaille Academy, Broola-ille. — 65. 
 L'pper Marlboro Academy. L'pper Marlboro. — 836. 
 Petersville Academy, Peters%-ille. — 313. 
 Bladensburg Academy, Bladensburg. — 634. 
 Charlotte Hall School, Charlotte Hall.— 42. 400. 484. 
 State Normal School, Baltimore. — 669. 
 Glenwood Institute. Glenwood. — 450. 
 District of Columbia. 
 Abbott's Classical Seminar}-. Georgetown. — 129. 
 Beck's Academy, 6th and H N.W. — 180. 
 Breckenridge's Classical School, Harewood. — 5.
 
 4IO MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 District of Columbia. — Continued. 
 
 Bryant and Stratton's Business College. — 721. 
 
 Camahan's Seminary, Georgetown. — 80, 97, 178. 
 
 Columbian College and University.— 58, 71, 75, 84. 120, 136, 149, 156, 
 
 200, 202, 259. 265, 307, 315, 323, 341, 344, 412. 433, 435, 478, 517. 530, 
 
 571, 620, 639, 683, 684. 798, 805. 815, 818, 836. 852. 859, 899, 924. 
 Corcoran Scientific School, 15th and H N.W. — 808. 
 Emerson's Institute (Young's School) 914 14th X.W.— 239, 289, 350, 
 
 412, 455, 566, 586, 678. 
 Everett Institute. 915 to 919 Mass. Ave. X.W.— 307. 
 Fisher's Academy, Vermont Ave. and H. — 896. 
 Friend's Select School. 1811 I X.W.— 866. 
 Gallaudet College, Kendall Green.— 815. 
 Georgetown College and Universit}-. — 65, 68. 70, 94, 96, 112, 122, 127, 
 
 129, 133, 141, 159, 162, 259, 269, 273, 282. 283, 288, 316, 321, 328, 329, 
 
 338, 353, 359, 368. 391, 392, 408, 442. 452, 505. 516, 528, 532, 550, 589, 
 
 596, 759, 773, 836, 907- 
 Gonzaga College (Washington Seminary) F bet. 9th and loth; 19 
 
 I X.W.— 47, 50, 176, 186, 206, 311, 316. 368. 391, 507, 773, 860. 
 Henshaw's School, 14th and G N.W.— 180. 
 Howard University.— 247, 271, 319, 434, 453. 
 iMcLeod's Academy, Georgetown. — 68, 77, 154. 
 McVean's School, Georgetown. — 80. 
 National College Pharmacy, 808 I X.W.— 403. 420, 477, 508, 540, 552, 
 
 577, 598, 636, 663, 780. 783. 824. 833. 845, 848. 868, 872. 
 Xational University, 8th and K X.W. — 242, 307, 376, 593, 739. 761, 
 
 838, 849. 
 Rittenhouse Academy, Georgetown, and 306 Indiana Ave. — 154, 156, 
 
 187, 497. 
 Spencerian Business College, 9th and D X.W. — 372, 437, 555. 
 St. John's College, 1225 Vermont Ave. — 507, 578, 617. 
 Union Academy, 14th and N. Y. Ave. X.W. — 307, 315. 
 University School, 1310 i8th N.W. — 866. 
 Washington Institute. — ^45. 
 Washington City Normal School. — 924. 
 Washington Select School. — 338. 
 Washington Seminar^-. See Gonzaga College. 
 Young's School. Sec Emerson Institute. 
 Virginia. 
 University of Virginia, Charlottesville. — 134, 356, 554, 663, 701, 866, 
 
 908. 
 Hampden-Sidney College, Hampden-Sidney. — 521. 
 Washington College, Washington and Lee University, Lexington. — 
 
 9. 390, 595-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLI'MBIA 4I I 
 
 Virginia. — Continued. 
 
 ^\"illiam and Man- College, Williamsburg. — 390, 455. 
 
 Randolph-]\Iacon College, Ashland. — 342. 
 
 Buckingham College. — 401. 
 
 Emory and Henr\- College, Emor}-. — 592. 
 
 Richmond College, Richmond, 908. 
 
 Sanborn Academy, Charlestown. — 131. 
 
 Leesburg Academy, Leesburg. — 513. 
 
 Potomac Academy, Alexandria. — 524, 
 
 St. John's Academy, Alexandria. — 450, 532, ^yy. 
 
 Berrvvnlle Academy, Berr^Tille. — 2^2>- 
 
 Shenandoah Valley Academy, \\"inche5ter. — 569. 
 
 Randolph-Macon Academy. Front Royal. — 376, 707. 
 
 Hallowell's School. Alexandria. — 231. 
 
 Episcopal High School near Alexandria. — 554. 
 
 University School, Petersburg. — 585. 
 
 Norwood High School and College, Nelson County. — 663. 
 
 Frank Elinor School, Charlottesville. — ^431. 
 
 Kenmore University- High School, Amherst Courthouse. — 831. 
 
 Norwood's School, Richmond. — 554. 
 
 Virginia Militarj- Institute. Lexington. — 351. 450, 676, 731, 886. 
 
 Virginia PoMechnic Institute, Blacksburg. — 672. 
 ^^*EST Virginia. 
 
 University- of West Virginia, Morgantown. — 373. 
 North Carolix.a 
 
 University- of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. — 650. 
 South Carolina. 
 
 University- of South Carolina, Charleston. — 157, 572. 
 
 Newberr\- College, Newberr}-. — 776. 
 Mississippi. 
 
 University- of Mississippi, Oxford. — 494. 
 Texas. 
 
 Willis College. Willis.^838. 
 
 Grayson College, Grayson County. — 913. 
 
 Conyngton Business College, Houston. — 919. 
 
 Trinit}- Normal School, Trinity.— 838. 
 Ohio. 
 
 Wooster University-, ^^'ooster. — 605. 
 
 Ohio Wesleyan University-, Delaware. — ^470, ^2. 
 
 Ashland College, Ashland. — ^492. 
 
 Mt. Union College, Alliance. — 546, 7^. 
 
 Bartlett's Academy, Bartlett. — 546. 
 
 New Carlisle Academy, New Carlisle. — 562.
 
 412 medical society 
 
 Indiana. 
 
 University Notre Dame, South Bend. — 589. 
 
 Hanover College, Hanover. — 754. 
 Illinois. 
 
 Mt. Vernon College, Mt. Vernon. — 6^2. 
 
 McCormick Theological Seminar}', Chicago. — 754. 
 Michigan. 
 
 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. — 335, 556, 894. 
 
 Business College, Adrian. — 641. 
 
 Detroit College, Detroit. — 765. 
 
 Michigan Agricultural College. — 899. 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 Page's Academy, Lancaster. — 536. 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Central University, Danville. — 698. 
 
 Kentucky University, Lexington. — 913. 
 Tennessee. 
 
 University of South, Sewanee. — 494, 554. 
 Minnesota. 
 
 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. — 803. 
 Iowa. 
 
 University of Iowa, Iowa City. — 557. 
 
 Amity College, College Springs. — 696. 
 Missouri. 
 
 State Normal School, Kirksville. — 556. 
 California. 
 
 Leland Stanford University. — 808. 
 Can.\d.\. 
 
 Sackville College, Sackville, N. S. — 264. 
 
 Bailey's Academy, London. — 463. 
 
 St. Dunstan's College, P. E. I.— «8o. 
 England. 
 
 Bicester Diocesan School, Bicester. — 190. 
 
 Stonyhurst College, Lancashire. — 353, 704. 
 
 Burdis' Academy, Newcastle-on-Tyne. — 544. 
 
 Newnham College, Cambridge. — 557. 
 Scotland. 
 
 University of Edinburgh. — 17, 289. 
 
 Anderson University, Glasgow. — 394. 
 Ireland. 
 
 Trinity College, Dublin. — 159. 
 
 Jesuit College, Dublin. — 89. 
 
 Maynooth College, Maynooth. — 321. 
 
 Kilkenny College, Kilkenny. — 353. 
 
 Coleraine Institute, Coleraine.— 456.
 
 district of coi,umbia 4i3 
 
 Germany. 
 
 Royal College, Miinden, Prussia. — 269. 
 
 Realschule, Alsfeld, Hesse. — 328. 
 Russia. 
 
 University of Dorpat. — 72. 
 
 A. B.— 28, 2(>, 39, 48, 52, 58, 60, 62, 71, 72, 78. 84, 86, loi, 109, 112, 120, 
 122, 123, 135, 140, 144, 149, 157, 159, 264, 272, 316, 319, 329, 335, 368, 
 37?,, 375, 383, 384, 386. 387, 410, 414, 418, 419. 438, 441, 442, 452. 461, 
 465, 466, 487, 492, 505, 517, 521, 522, 538, 549, 550, 562, 572, 589, 592, 
 595 to 597, 599, 603, 616, 617, 623, 644, 653, 664, 670, 677, 680, 692, 697, 
 701, 704, 754, 759, 768, 773, 776, 786, 800, 816, 828 to 830, 836, 847, 850, 
 852, 858, 861, 869, 871. 901, 917, 918. 
 
 A. M. — 39, 46, 53, 60, 67, 68, 71, 75, 78, 81, III. 112. 120, 122, 123. 127, 
 ^:i2» 136, 138. 140, 141, 149, 162, 168, 190, 200. 247, 259, 260. 271 to 
 273, 282, 288. 311, 316, 319, 321, 323. 329, 335, 353, 2,72,' 375, 383, 384. 
 386, 387, 391. 392, 408, 410, 414, 416, 419, 438, 452, 459, 461, 465, 466, 
 470, 478, 495. 507, 522, 549, 550, 562, 578, 589, 596, 603, 630, 632, 653, 
 664, 670, 680. 682, 702, 752, 754, 759, 776, 786, 804, 815, 836. 897, 918. 
 
 B. S.— 500, 530, 653, 682, 684, 696, 731, 738, 798, 803 to 805, 815, 821, 835, 
 848, 859, 860. 894, 899, 924. 
 
 M. S.— 457, 798, 805, 832, 894, 899, 924. 
 Ph. B.— 200, 315, 323, 341, 571, 605, 650, 834. 
 Ph. C— 894. 
 
 Ph. D.— 159, 259, 269, 359, 368. 408, 589. 
 Ph. M.— 605. 
 
 B. E.— 628, 676, 817. 
 
 C. E.-731. 
 
 M. E.— 457. 796. 
 
 L. B.-777. 
 
 LL. B.— 242, 265, 288, 516, 556, 739, 761. 
 
 LL. AI. — 242, 516, 761, 849. 
 
 LL. D.— 67, 94, 136, 190, 273, 307, 328, 2,7^, 589. 
 
 D. D. S.— 415, 593, 838. 
 Phar. G.— 722. 879. 
 
 Phar. D.— 65. 68, 403. 420, 453, 477, 5o8, 520, 540, 552, 577, 598, 636, 663, 
 780, 783, 824, 833, 845, 868, 872. 
 
 TABLE IV. 
 
 THE ARMY, NAVY AND MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICES. 
 
 Army (including all Military Organizations — United States, Confed- 
 erate States, Foreign, and National Guard). — Sketches 3 to 5, 8, 11, 
 20, 22, 23. 29, 30, 32. 27, 40, 51, 59, 66, 67, 79, 81. 82, 88 to 90, 98, loi
 
 414 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Army. — Continued. 
 
 to 103, 109, III, 112, 115, 117, 122, 124, 125, 127. 128. 131. 135, 136, 
 140. 143, 144, 147, 150, 152, 155 to 159, '161 to 166, 168, 169, 174 to 
 176, 178, 179. 182, 184, 185, 187 to 190, 194 to 198, 200, 203, 204, 206 to 
 
 213, 215, 218, 219, 222 to 224, 226, 228 to 234, 236, 240 to 242. 244 to 
 
 248, 255, 257 to 259, 262, 264 to 267, 269 to 276, 278, 279, 284, 287, 289, 
 292, 294, 298, 300 to 304, 306, 308, 310, 317, 319, 320, 324, 326, 328, 329, 
 333, 335, 337, 338, 341, 342, 346, 349, 350, 351, 356, 362, 366, 376, 390 to 
 392, 395, 396, 398, 401, 408, 414, 425, 426, 431, 452, 458, 459, 463, 470, 
 497, 500, 511, 524, 526, 532, 536, 544, 555, 557, 560, 569, 577, 580, 581, 
 583, 584, 591, 602, 607, 610, 616, 619, 623, 643 to 645, 667, 670, 67s, 680, 
 682, 695, 701, 705, 715. 716, 720 to 722, 771, 789, 794, 795, 802, 809, 825, 
 831, 859, 874, 886, 888, 896, 897, 908, 918, 925. 
 
 Navy (including all navies).— 7 to 9, 32, 33, 35, 45, 71, 103, 169, 179. 
 205, 217, 221, 243, 244, 287, 356, 380, 384, 385, 414, 422, 441, 521, 695, 
 742, 806. 
 
 Marine Hospital Service.— 162, 163, 334, 396, 543, 592, 608, 689, 742, 
 831, 862, 867, 915.
 
 APPENDIX.
 
 i 
 
 i
 
 CONSTITUTION and BY-LAWS 
 
 AND CHANGES THEREIN. 
 
 The Society has printed its constitution, by-laws, etc., a number of 
 times, namely, in 1820, 1839, 1854, 1861, 1S67, 1870, 1882, 1894, 1897 and 
 1904. The first publication followed the first incorporation, the second 
 publication followed the second incorporation. 
 
 The edition of 1820 contains the first charter, the constitution and by- 
 laws, a list of twenty-eight resident members, of nine honorary members 
 and of the officers, and the rules and regulations of professional etiquette. 
 A copy was presented to the Society December 20, 1882, by Dr. John Fred- 
 erick May, and is now in the library of the Surgeon General's Ofiice. The 
 edition of 1839 contains the second charter and the constitution and by- 
 laws. That of 1854 contains the same, with the revision made to the 
 constitution and by-laws January 2, 1854 ; also the Regulations of the 
 Medical Association of the District of Columbia. The edition of 1861 
 contains the same with the revisions made July 12, 1859, July i, i860, and 
 October i, 1861; also a list of 106 members ; and the Regulations of the 
 Medical Association. The edition of 1867 contains the charter, etc., with 
 the revisions made January 9 and 23 and July 5, 1865, and January 10 and 
 July 2, 1866, and a list of resident members. The edition of 1870 con- 
 tains the charter, etc., with revisions of January 5 and 12, 1870; lists of 
 resident and honorary members and licentiates, and the Regulations 
 of the Medical Association are bound up under the same cover. The 
 edition of 1882 contains the charter, etc., with revisions made after the 
 previous edition; also lists of resident and honorary members. The edi- 
 tion of 1894 the same, including revisions after the previous edition. 
 The edition of 1897 the same, including revisions of January 4, 1897. 
 The last edition is that of 1904, containing the same, with revisions of 
 July I, 1901, January 8, 1902, and January 13, 1904. 
 
 Revision of the constitution, by-laws and rules of order was usually 
 the work of several months. For instance, July i, 1850, a committee 
 was appointed, consisting of Drs. T. B. J. Frye, Joshua Riley and H. 
 Lindsly, to consider the propriety of a revision and also of petitioning 
 Congress to amend the charter of 1838. Apparently this committee 
 failed to do anything, because a new committee was appointed January 
 II, 1853, consisting of Drs. H. Lindsly, S. C. Busey and \V. H. Saunders. 
 27
 
 41 8 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 This committee evidently went to work, for we find that they reported a 
 revision January 2, 1854, which was adopted and printed. 
 
 Again, March 14, 1S64, a committee was appointed — Drs. Thos. Miller, 
 Thos. Antisell and C. H. Liebermann — which reported September 5, 1866, 
 when Drs. Antisell, Lovejoy and A. F. A. King were appointed to see 
 to the publication, and it was published in 1867. 
 
 Subjoined appears in detail the original constitution, etc., the amend- 
 ments thereto and the dates of adoption of the amendments : 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Article I, Edition 0/1820. — " This Society shall be called the Medical 
 Society of the District of Columbia." There has been no change in this 
 article. The title was, of course, fixed by the charters. 
 
 Article II, Edition 0/1820. — "The object of this Society shall be the 
 consideration and promotion of all subjects connected with medicine and 
 the collateral branches of the science." The words of the charters are : 
 " promoting and disseminating medical and surgical knowledge and for 
 no other purpose whatever." Sections 3, 4 and 5 of both charters pro- 
 vided for a Board of Examiners for license to practice in the District ; the 
 Board to be elected by the Societ}'. The article, after the reincorpora- 
 tion, was changed by interpolating after the words "shall be," the 
 words " the granting of licenses agreeably to the provisions of the char- 
 ter." January 4, 1897, these interpolated words were struck out because 
 Congress had passed a bill transferring the duty to the Commissioners of 
 the District. 
 
 Article III, Section i. Edition 0/1820. — " The meetings of this Society 
 shall be held quarter-yearly in the City of Washington, viz : on the first 
 Mondays in January, April, July and October, and on its own adjourn- 
 ments." These stated meetings were required by the charter. The 
 second charter, however, required only two meetings yearly, January and 
 July, and the article was correspondingly changed after the reincorpo- 
 ration. 
 
 January 5, 1870, the wording of the paragraph was changed to read as 
 follows: "There shall be two meetings of this Society annually, the 
 first beginning with the stated meeting fixed by the charter on the first 
 Monday in January, and the second beginning with the stated meeting 
 on the first Monday in July." January 4, 1897, the words "fixed by the 
 charter" were struck out. 
 
 Article III, Section 2, Edition 0/1820. — "Special meetings shall be 
 called by the President, or one of the Vice Presidents, on application be- 
 ing made in writing by three of the members." Januarys, 1870, the 
 following sentence was added : " The stated meetings shall be advertised 
 by the Recording Secretary at least three times, and all special meetings
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 4I9 
 
 at least once, in one or more newspapers of the District." January 4, 
 1897, this sentence was struck out. 
 
 January 5, 1870, a section j was added : "During each session the 
 Society may hold regular meetings for the promotion and dissemination 
 of medical science." The first Monday in February, 1851, was appointed 
 to receive and discuss medical subjects. The President was instructed to 
 appoint members for the purpose. He appointed Drs. J. Borrows, W. P. 
 Johnston and F. Howard. There is no record of any February meeting 
 having been held. In the summer of 1864 meetings were held on Mon- 
 days when possible, and in the evening. January 23, 1865, Wednesday 
 was selected for the regular meetings, and they have since been held on 
 that day. 
 
 Article IV, Section /, Edition 0/1820. — " There shall be the following 
 officers of this Society, viz : one President, two Vice Presidents, one Cor- 
 responding Secretary, one Recording Secretary, one Treasurer and one 
 Librarian." This section is in the language of both charters, which 
 named the individual officers and also the time they should be elected. 
 There has not been any change in this section. 
 
 Article IV, Section 2, Editioti 0/1820. — "The officers of the IMedical 
 Society shall be chosen from the resident members, and be elected b}- 
 ballot by a majority of the members present at the stated meetings (or 
 meeting — printed both ways) in January in every year." July 12, 1S59 
 this section was amended by interpolating after the word " Society" the 
 words " and also delegates to the National Medical Association." Jan- 
 uary 10, 1866, the section was again amended to read "The officers of 
 the Medical Society and delegates to the American Medical Association 
 shall be chosen from the resident members as follows : the officers by 
 ballot of a majority of members at the semi-annual meeting in January, 
 the delegates to be selected by a committee appointed for the purpose, 
 who shall present the names selected to the Society at an adjourned 
 meeting in April. These names shall be confirmed by the Society by 
 ballot as in the case of officers." January 5, 1870, the wording was again 
 changed : "The officers of the Medical Society, the Board of Exam- 
 iners and the delegates to the American Medical Associati^in shall be 
 chosen from the resident members, as follows : The officers and Board 
 of Examiners by ballot of a majority of the members present at the an- 
 nual meeting in January, the delegates by a ballot of a majoritj' of the 
 members present at a regular meeting in April." Again, January 4, 1S97, 
 the functions of the Board of Examiners having ceased and the Society 
 having no longer representation in the American Medical Association, 
 the section was simplified to read "The officers shall be chosen from the 
 active members by ballot of a majority of the members present at the 
 stated meeting in January." This again was changed January 13, 1904, 
 to read "The officers shall be chosen from the active members at the
 
 420 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 stated meeting in January, and a majority of the votes cast shall be nec- 
 essar}' for a choice." 
 
 Two new sections were added January 5, 1870. Section j, "There 
 shall also be a Board of Censors, consisting of three members, to be 
 elected in the same manner as the officers." January 4, 1897, the word 
 " also" was struck out and the number was increased from three to five. 
 Secliofi 4, "In case of the death, resignation or removal of any officer or 
 member of either Board, an election may be held at any regular meeting 
 to fill the vacancy." This section was amended January 4, 1897, by 
 striking out the word " either" and adding after the word "Board" the 
 words " of Censors," and was made section 5 instead of 4; January 8, 1902, 
 it became section 6. 
 
 Another section 4 was added Januarj- 4, 1S97 : "There shall be ap- 
 pointed by the President, annually in January, a Committee on Public 
 Health, consisting of seven active members ; also a Committee on Leg- 
 islation, consisting of nine active members ; and also a Committee on 
 Essays, consisting of three active members." January 8, 1902, this sec- 
 tion became section 5, and the words " a Committee on Legislation" 
 were struck out. 
 
 A new section 4 was adopted January 8, 1902: " There shall be an Ex- 
 ecutive Committee, composed of fifteen active members, appointed by 
 the President in January, 1902. Of the members thus appointed three 
 shall serve for one year, three for two years, three for three years, three 
 for four 3-ears and three for five years. The President, after his election 
 at the stated meeting in January, 1903, and in each succeeding year, shall 
 fill the vacancies on this committee by the appointment of three active 
 members, who shall serve for five years. When a vacancy occurs on 
 this committee by resignation or otherwise, the President shall appoint 
 an active member to fill the unexpired term." 
 
 Article V, Section /, Edition of 1820. — " The Society shall consist of 
 honorary and resident members, and fellows." The words "and fel- 
 lows," were struck out Januarys, 1870, and, January 4, 1897, the word 
 resident was changed to active, and the following words were added : 
 "and members by invitation." 
 
 Article V, Section 2, Edition 0/1820. — "Any person not residing in 
 the District of Columbia who has obtained a degree in medicine or is em- 
 inent in the practice of physic or any of the branches thereof may be 
 proposed as an honorary member. He shall be proposed by two mem- 
 bers, at one stated meeting, balloted for at the next, and a majority 
 of two-thirds of the members present shall be required for his admis- 
 sion." This section was amended July 2, 1866, by interpolating after 
 the word "thereof" and in italics the words "or anj- resident medical 
 man not engaged in practice, or who has grown old in the profession 
 and retired from practice." For some reason, perhaps inadvertently, the 
 word "stated" was omitted in the printing in 1867, but it was restored
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 42 1 
 
 with emphasis January 5, 1870, where the sentence reads "He shall be 
 proposed by two members at one of the stated meetings and may be bal- 
 loted for at the next stated meeting ;" and the word required was 
 changed to necessary. A third sentence was added July 2, 1866 : " Hon- 
 orary members removing to the District, as well as resident honorary 
 members engaging in practice, will be required to pay the usual fee to 
 the Treasurer and be proposed and elected as resident members." Jan- 
 uary 5, 1870, this sentence was struck out. January 4, 1897, the second 
 sentence was amended by adding the words " but no nomination shall be 
 acted upon until it has been reported upon by the Board of Censors. 
 Honorar)' members shall have the privilege of attending all regular meet- 
 ings of this Society held for the discussion of medical subjects, and of 
 participating in such discussion ; but shall not have the right to attend 
 the stated meetings, to hold office or to vote upon any subject connected 
 with the management of the Society, or any of the elections." January 
 13, 1904, the words "three-fourths of the members present" were 
 changed to " three-fourths of the votes cast." 
 
 Article V, Section j, Edition 0/1820. — " Resident members shall con- 
 sist of medical gentlemen residing in the District of Columbia ; and for 
 their admission it shall be necessary that they shall have received a di- 
 ploma from some University or shall be considered respectable in the 
 practice of medicine. They shall be proposed by two members, at least 
 one stated meeting before being balloted for, and it shall then require 
 the concurrence of two-thirds of the members preseut for their admis- 
 sion." After the reincorporation the wording of the second sentence 
 was changed to read as follows : "They shall signify their desire to be 
 elected, shall be recommended to the Society by the Board of Examiners 
 at least one stated meeting before being balloted for, and it shall require 
 the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present for their admis- 
 sion ; and every member so elected shall pay a fee of five dollars to the 
 Treasurer." 
 
 July I, i860, the section was changed to read, "Resident members 
 shall consist of medical gentlemen residing in the District of Columbia ; 
 and all applications for membership shall be made to the President, who 
 shall, on the applicant having exhibited satisfactory evidence of his 
 qualifications, by the production of a diploma from a respectable medical 
 college or a license from the Examiners of the Medical Society, and of 
 his having paid the Treasurer a fee of five dollars, grant a temporary cer- 
 tificate of eligibility, and shall report the names of all such applicants to 
 the next meeting of the Society, when they shall be balloted for, and the 
 concurrence of two-thirds of the members present shall be necessary for 
 their admission."* 
 
 *August 6, I860, Dr. Wm. Marbury offered a resolution that no one should become a ■ 
 member of the Society who was engaged in any other than medical pursuits. The res- 
 olution, however, was laid on the table.
 
 42 2 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 January 9, 1865, the reading was again changed : " Resident members 
 shall consist of medical gentlemen residing in the District of Columbia ; 
 and for their admission it shall be necessary that they shall have received 
 a diploma from a regular medical college, or shall have received a cer- 
 tificate from the Examining Board of the Society. Candidates for 
 membership shall be duly proposed to the Medical Society, and be re- 
 commended by the Board of Examiners, and may be balloted for at the 
 meeting next after their proposal, when it shall require the concurrence 
 of two-thirds of the members present for their admission ; and every 
 member so elected shall have previously paid to the Treasurer of the 
 Societj- an admission fee of ten (10) dollars." July 8, 1868, the words 
 " ever}' member so elected" were changed to "every non-licentiate so 
 elected;" and after the words " ten dollars" were added " In the case of 
 licentiates the fee for membership shall be one dollar." 
 
 Another change was made January 5, 1870 : " Resident members shall 
 consist of medical practitioners residing in the District of Columbia; and 
 for their admission it shall be necessary that they shall have received a 
 license from the Board of Examiners of the Society. Candidates for 
 membership shall be proposed to the Medical Society upon the written 
 request of the applicants, and only at the stated meetings in January 
 and July; shall be recommended by the Board of Censors, and shall have 
 been licentiates under the charter for the period of one year, at least, 
 next preceding their election. Thej' maj- be balloted for only at the first 
 regular meeting in the ensuing April or October after their nomination, 
 w'hen it shall require the concurrence of three-fourths of the members 
 present for their admission; and every practitioner so elected shall have 
 previously paid to the Treasurer of the Society a fee of one dollar, and 
 shall be received as a member on signing the constitution and laws of 
 the Society." In the edition of 18S2 this became section 4. 
 
 July 3, 1893, this section was amended to read that " Candidates for 
 membership shall be proposed by two members, on the written request 
 of the applicant, at the first regular meeting in any month ; shall be re- 
 ported on by the Board of Censors, and shall be voted on not less than 
 four weeks from the date of their proposal. Due notice of both proposal 
 for membership and proposed vote shall be sent to each member of the 
 Society hy mail." [The amendment was never put in force.] 
 
 January 4, 1897, this section, still section 4, was amended in accord- 
 ance with the new license law : "Active members shall consist of med- 
 ical practitioners residing in the District of Columbia. Each candi- 
 date for such membership shall be proposed to the Medical Society, upon 
 his w-ritten request, on a blank to be supplied by the Recording Secre- 
 tary, at the stated meeting in Januarj' or July; shall be reported upon by 
 the Board of Censors, and shall have been a licentiate under the charter, 
 or a licentiate of the Board of Medical Supervisors of the District of Co-
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 423 
 
 lumbia for the period of one year, at least, preceding his election. 
 Candidates may be balloted for only at the first regular meeting in the en- 
 suing April or October after their nomination, when it shall require the 
 concurrence of three-fourths of the members present for their admission; 
 and each practitioner so elected shall pay into the treasury of the Society 
 a fee of ten dollars, except such as are licentiates of this Society, who 
 shall pay the sum of one dollar, and shall then be received as a member 
 on signing the constitution and by-laws." 
 
 July 7, 1902, the admission fee was reduced from ten to five dollars ; 
 and, January 13, 1904, the words "three-fourths of the members present" 
 were changed to " three-fourths of the votes cast." 
 
 Article V, Section 4, Edition 1820. — "In all propositions for the ad- 
 mission of honorary' or resident members the names of the proposers 
 shall be annexed to that of the candidate on the minutes." This sec- 
 tion was struck out January 5, 1870, and a new section 4 substituted : 
 " None but resident members shall be entitled to attend the stated meet- 
 ings, to hold office or to vote upon any subject connected with the man- 
 agement of the Society, or in any of the elections. Honorary members 
 shall have the privilege of attending all regular meetings of this Society 
 held for the discussion of medical subjects and of participating in such 
 discussion." This new section became section 5 (1882), and was amend- 
 ed January 4, 1897, to read : "Active members only shall be entitled to 
 attend the stated meetings, to hold office and to vote upon subjects con- 
 nected with the management of the Society." 
 
 Article V, Section ^, Edition 0/1820. — "All those who have been 
 resident members for the space of two years shall be considered as Fel- 
 lows of the Medical Society ; and every honorary member who shall 
 make a communication on any subject connected with medicine or the 
 collateral branches of medical science, which communication being re- 
 ceived and approved by the Society, may be elected a Fellow." June 2, 
 1866, this section was changed to read : "All those who have been resi- 
 dent members for the space of i-wo years, and shall have writteri and de- 
 fended a satisfactory thesis before the Society, shall be considered as 
 Fellows of the Medical Society ; and every honorary member who shall 
 make a communication on any subject connected with medicine or the 
 collateral branches of medical science, which communication being re- 
 ceived and approved by the Society, may be elected a Fellow; but should 
 he become a resident practitioner he will be required, in order to enjoy the 
 benefits of the Society, to pay the usual fee and be elected a resident mem- 
 ber.'' This entire section was struck out January 5, 1870. 
 
 In the edition of 1882 a new section was inserted, numbered section j. 
 " Members by invitation— Surgeons in the U. S. Army, Navy and Marine 
 Hospital Service, temporarily residing in the District of Columbia, and 
 not engaged in private practice — may, upon the nomination in writing by
 
 424 MEDICAID SOCIETY 
 
 two members, at any regular meeting, be elected members by invitation. 
 Such members by invitation shall have the privilege of attending all the 
 meetings of the Society, of reading papers, presenting pathological speci- 
 mens, and of participating in all the discussions before the Society on 
 medical or scientific subjects, but shall not vote or hold office. No nom- 
 ination shall be voted upon until it shall have been read at three success- 
 ive regular meetings, and no phj'sician shall be elected except by a two- 
 thirds vote of the members voting." January 7, 1895, the words "and 
 not engaged in private practice," were struck out ; and, January 4, 1S97, 
 other changes were made, so that the section reads: "Surgeons in the 
 U. S. Army, Navj' and Marine Hospital Service, temporarily residing in 
 the District of Columbia, and such members of the various scientific 
 bureaus of the Government service as are engaged in work correlated to 
 medicine, maj', upon nomination in writing by two active members, at 
 any regular meeting, be elected members by invitation ; but no vote 
 shall be taken upon such nomination until it shall have been reported 
 upon by the Board of Censors, and no candidate shall be elected except 
 bj' an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members present. Members 
 by invitation shall have the privilege of attending all regular meetings 
 of the Society, of reading papers, presenting pathological specimens, and 
 of participating in all of the discussions before the Society on medical or 
 scientific subjects, but shall not vote or hold office." January 13, 1904, 
 the words " members present" were changed to " votes cast." 
 
 Article VI, Editioft 0/1820. — " If any member be desirous of leaving 
 the Society he shall signify it in a written communication, which, being 
 read, shall lie over till the ensuing meeting, when, with the consent of 
 the Society, his resignation shall be accepted ; but he shall not be per- 
 mitted to resign until he have discharged the arrears due from him to 
 the Societ}'." The word "have" was changed to "has" in the edition 
 of 1861. 
 
 January 4, 1897, the following was added to this article: "Any mem- 
 ber of the Society may be suspended from membership by a two-thirds 
 vote of the members present at a regular meeting, and may be removed 
 from membership by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any 
 stated meeting ; Provided, That any motion for the suspension or re- 
 moval of any member shall be referred to and reported upon by the Board 
 of Censors before being considered or acted upon by the Societ}'." Jan- 
 uary 13, 1904, the words " two-thirds vote of the members present" were 
 changed to " two-thirds affirmative vote." 
 
 Article VII, Edition of 1820. — " Members of the Society may prepare 
 dissertations on subjects connected with medicine, or report in writing 
 important cases in surgery or the practice of physic, which shall be di- 
 rected to the President, who shall submit them to the Society for perusal. 
 When permitted, the author, if present, shall read his own communica-
 
 DISTRICT OF COIA^MBIA 425 
 
 tion; otherwise it shall be read by the Secretary, and it shall be optional 
 with the Society to enter into a general discussion of its merits." Janu- 
 ary 10, 1866, this article was struck out and another substituted : " The 
 adjourned meetings of the Society for the advancement of professional 
 knowledge shall be conducted through the medium of a committee of 
 arrangements selected for the purpose, who will provide the facilities for 
 the presentation of papers." 
 
 January 5, 1870, the article was much amended and divided into three 
 sections, as follows : 
 
 Section i. "The regular meetings of the Society for the advancement 
 of professional knowledge shall be conducted through the medium of a 
 Committee on Essays, consisting of three members, appointed by the 
 President at the first regular meeting in January, who will provide the 
 facilities for the presentation and publication of medical essays." 
 
 Sections. "The Committee on Essays shall, at the commencement of 
 each session, present the names of ten members agreeing to furnish es- 
 says on medical subjects. Such members, thus assenting, may provide a 
 substitute." 
 
 Section j. " Discussion on all medical papers presented under the fore- 
 going provisions shall continue until a formal vote made to close the de- 
 bate, which being carried, the author shall have the privilege of closing 
 debate." 
 
 January 4, 1S97, this entire article was struck out, its provisions appear- 
 ing elsewhere in the constitution or by-laws. 
 
 Article F7//— (The edition of 1820 heads this, both as Article VIII 
 and Section 3, which may be an inadvertence or have some other expla- 
 nation, now impossible to arrive at.) "All propositions for altering the 
 constitution shall lie over at least one stated meeting previous to being 
 acted on, and shall then require the concurrence of two-thirds of the 
 members present for their adoption." January 4, 1897, this became Ar- 
 ticle VII; and, January 13, 1904, the words "members present" were 
 changed to "votes cast." 
 
 BY-LAWS. 
 
 (^Edition 0/1820, Bye-Laws.) 
 
 By-lazv i. Of the President.— '"The President shall preside at all meet- 
 ings of the Society, to preserve order and decorum ; and may fine any 
 member acting disorderly, in a sum not exceeding ten dollars, from 
 whose decision the member incurring the fine may appeal to the Society." 
 January 4, 1897, after the words "ten dollars," the following was added: 
 "but the member incurring the fine may appeal to the Society. He 
 [?. e., the President,] shall also deliver an address during the month of
 
 426 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 December of each year, the date being left to his convenience. He shall 
 at the commencement of each year appoint essayists, one of whom shall 
 read a paper before the Society on the first Wednesday in each month ; 
 and in event of the inability of any such essayist to so do, the President 
 shall appoint a substitute as soon as practicable after becoming aware of 
 such inability." 
 
 [Just when the custom began of having the retiring President give a 
 valedictory address it is impossible to state. This address was distinct 
 from the annual oration which was given, with some irregularity as to 
 time, by some member elected by the Societj- for the purpose, and was 
 rather in the nature of an anniversary address, though not alwaj's so 
 styled. The annual address in January, 1852, was given at the Smith- 
 sonian Institution. The next record of a Presidential address appears to 
 have been March 8, 1865, when the President (Dr. Liebermann) was re- 
 quested to make an address at the expiration of his term of oflSce. We 
 find that, January 3, i865, he made an address as requested. Apparently, 
 although President again, the next year he omitted to make any address, 
 at least there is no mention of his having done so. This omission was 
 probably the reason why the Society, January 6, 1868, made an order 
 that the retiring President should deliver the valedictory address on the 
 first Wednesday after the first Monday in January, that is, 7iot at but after 
 the annual stated meeting; and the annual festival was to be held on that 
 day. 
 
 [November 15, 1871, however, it was ordered that the Presidential 
 address should be made on the first Monday in January, at the stated 
 meeting, and after the reading of the minutes, and that this should be a 
 precedent. Accordingly, January i, 1S72, Dr. J. M. Toner, who was the 
 retiring President, made an address. In 1897, as stated above, the 
 President was required to give his address in December. It was given 
 in December in 1890 and 1891. See "Anniversaries."] 
 
 The following members have served as President : Charles Worthing- 
 ton, 1S17-29; Thomas Sim, 1830-2 (he died during his last term); Fred- 
 erick May, 1833-48 (he also died during his last term); J. C. Hall, 1848- 
 9; Alexander McWilliams, Sr., 1S50 ; William Jones, 185 1-8 ; Joseph 
 Borrows, 1859-61 and 1864 ; there was no election during 1862 and 1863 ; 
 Charles H. Liebermann, 1865-7: Thomas Miller, 1868-9; William P. John- 
 ston, 1870; J. M. Toner, 1871; Grafton Tyler, 1872 ; J. E. Morgan, 1873; 
 Johnson Eliot, 1874; J. W. H. Lovejoy, 1875; N. S. Lincoln, 1876; S. C. 
 Busey, 1877 and 1894 to 1899; J. Ford Thompson, 1878; D. R. Hagner, 
 1879; Louis Mackall, 1880; W^ G. Palmer, 1881 ; F. A. Ashford, 1882; 
 A. F. A. King, 1883; A. Y. P. Garnett, 1884 ; W. W. Johnston, 1885 ; C. 
 H. A. Kleinschmidt, 1886; J. Taber Johnson, 1887; T. C. Smith, 1888; 
 C. E. Hagner, 1889 ; S. M. Burnett, 1890; D. W. Prentiss, 1891 ; William 
 Lee, 1892 ; G. Wythe Cook, 1893 ; G. N. Acker, 1900 ; D. S. Lamb,
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 427 
 
 190 1 ; S. S. Adams, 1902 ; G. M. Kober, 1903 ; C. \V. Richardson, 1904 ; 
 T. N. McLaughlin, 1905 ; J. D. Morgan, 1906 ; D. K. Shute, 1907; H. D. 
 Fry, 1908 ; E. A. Balloch, 1909. 
 
 By-laiv 2. Of the Vice Presidents {/820). — "In the absence of the 
 President his duty shall devolve on the Vice Presidents, so that they 
 shall preside alternately at such meetings of the Society. And if neither 
 the President nor a Vice President be present, a chairman shall be chosen 
 from the members attending, who shall for that meeting exercise all the 
 privileges and duties of the President." 
 
 This section stands just as printed in 1820. 
 
 The Vice Presidents have been as follows : Acker, 1890 and 1899 ; S. 
 S.Adams, 1900; Antisell, 1865-8, 1878; Wm. Arnold, 1819; F. A. Ash- 
 ford. 1876; Balloch, 1901; J. H. Blake, 1817-19 ; Bovee, 1896; C. Boyle, 
 Sr., 1S78; Bryan, 1896; Bulkley, 1875, 1S79; Burnett, iSSS ; Busey, 1871 ; 
 W. K. Butler, 1907 ; Causin, 1830, 1840 ; Chappell, 1902 ; Claytor, 1908 ; 
 G. Wythe Cook, 1890, 1892; Cutbush, 1821, 1824-5; Dove, i860; J. L. 
 Eliot, 1893; Elzey, 1S17-18; H. D. Fry, 1889 ; Garnett, 1877; C. E. 
 Hagner. 1883, 1888; D. R. Hagner, 1872-4; J. C. Hall, 1846-7 ; J. B. 
 Hamilton, 1886, 1891 ; F. Howard, 1869; Huntt, 1834-5, 183S ; Hyatt, 
 
 1904 ; J. Taber Johnson, 1894 ; W. P. Johnston, 1867-8 ; W. W. Johnston, 
 1884; Jones, 1850; J. T. Kelley. 1908; A. F. A. King, 1877, 1880; Klein- 
 schmidt, 1882, 1885 ; Kober, 1898 ; D. S. Lamb, 1887 ; F. Leech, 1906 ; 
 Lincoln, 1872; H. Lindsly, 1851, 1859; Lovejoy, 1870; Lovell, 1826; 
 McArdle, 1889; McLaughlin, 1895 ; A. McWilliams, Sr., 1834-5, 183S-9, 
 1841-9; L. Mackall, 1869, 1875 ; L. Mackall, Jr., 1904; G. L. Magruder, 
 1895 ; William Marbury, 1S71 ; Fred May, 1819-20, 1822, 1825 ; Thos. 
 Miller, 1848, 1864-6; E. C. Morgan, 1887 ; J. D. Morgan, 1897 ; Motter, 
 
 1905 ; Mundell, 1893 ; J. B. Nichols, 1907 ; Mary Parsons, 1901 ; Pool, 
 1903; D. W. Prentiss, Sr., i88r, 18S3 ; Reyburn, 1876, 1894; C. W. 
 Richardson, 1898; Joshua Riley, 18^9, 1864; Rosse, 1892; Sewall, 1844- 
 5 ; Shands, 1902 ; Shute, 1903; Sim, 1827-8; T. C. Smith, 1881 ; Sowers, 
 1899 ; I. S. Stone, 1897 ; W. H. Taylor, 1882, 1884-6 ; J. D. Thomas, 
 1905; J- Ford Thompson, 1873-4; William Thornton, 1820, 1823; J. M. 
 Toner, 1S70 ; Triplett, 1S80 ; John Van Renssalaer, 1909 ; G. T. Vaughan, 
 1909 ; Warfield, 1830 ; Wellington, 1906 ; J. T. Winter, 1891 ; Woodward, 
 1900; J. T. Young, 1879; N. Young, 1839, 1861. 
 
 By-law J. Of the Corresponding Secretary (/5.?o).— "It shall be the 
 duty of the Corresponding Secretary to manage all matters of correspond- 
 ence in behalf of the Society ; to give notice to members and officers of 
 their election; to write and answer letters, and respectfully to solicit from 
 medical societies, faculties and individuals information calculated to ben- 
 efit the science of medicine; all which correspondence he shall lay before 
 the Society at the next succeeding stated meeting." 
 
 January 12, 1870, there was added after the word " meeting" the words
 
 428 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 " and shall be the custodian of the seal of the Society." The section was 
 amended January 7, 1884, by adding the following : " Members shall be 
 notified by mail by the Corresponding Secretary of the stated, regular 
 and special meetings and of the title and author of the paper to be read." 
 
 November 19, 1890, the Society ordered that the Corresponding Secre- 
 tary should furnish each member of the Society with a printed list of the 
 names of all applicants for membership at least two days prior to the first 
 Wednesday in April and October of each year, with the name of the col- 
 lege from which the applicant graduated and the time of graduation. 
 
 January 4, 1S97, the section was rewritten, as follows: " The Corre- 
 sponding Secretar}' shall conduct the correspondence of the Society, no- 
 tify members and officers of their election, and forward by mail prior to 
 each meeting, to each member entitled to attend, a notice of such meet- 
 ing, specifying the business to come before it ; he shall furnish to each 
 member, at least two days prior to the first Wednesday in April and 
 October of each year, a printed list of the names of all applicants for 
 membership, with the name of the college from which each applicant 
 graduated and the date of graduation. He shall be the custodian of the 
 seal of the Society." 
 
 The Corresponding Secretaries have been as follows : Antisell, 1864 ; 
 Bohrer, 1S30 ; Briscoe, 1872-4; Causin, 1834-5, 183S ; G. Wythe Cook, 
 1888; Drinkard, 1870-1 ; H. P. Howard, 1865; Huntt, 1817-30; William 
 Lee, part of 1872; Lovejoy, 1861, part of 1869; McArdle, 1881; McNally, 
 1869; J. M. Mackall, 1881-2 ; Louis Mackall, 1866-8; G. L. Magruder, 
 1876-7; Thomas Miller, 1844-7; Ross, 1875; Sewall, 1839-43; T. C. 
 Smith, 1878-80, 1S83-7, 1889 to 1909; Grafton Tyler, 1848, i860. It is 
 not known who served in 1831-3, 1836-7, 1849-59 and 1862-3. 
 
 By-laiv 4. Of the Recording Secretary {/S20). — " The Recording Sec- 
 retary shall attend each meeting of the Society ; call over the names of 
 the members and take down the minutes, which he shall read at the next 
 meeting and which, when corrected, he shall copy into a book kept for 
 that purpose, and to which entry he shall sign his name. He shall also 
 insert the reports of committees at full length ; he shall read all letters 
 and papers relating to the business of the Society which do not particu- 
 larly belong to the department of the Corresponding Secretary, and tran- 
 scribe into a proper book such of them as the Society maj' think worthy 
 to be preserved. He shall deliver to the Treasurer a correct statement 
 of the fines incurred at each meeting. If he should be unable to attend 
 a meeting of the Society he shall give due notice of it, by transmitting 
 all the papers required at the meeting." 
 
 January 4, 1897, two changes were made ; the words " call over the 
 names of members" were struck out, but after the word " minutes" was 
 inserted "including the names of those present " The words "all the 
 papers required at the meeting" were changed to "to the meeting all 
 necessary papers."
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 429 
 
 [Februarj' 6, 1895, the Society created the office of "Assistant Record- 
 ing Secretary," with a moderate salary. His duty should be "to make 
 a stenographic report of all medical discussions, and, after consultation 
 with the members concerned therein, to make the necessary corrections 
 in the report; these to be verified by a committee consisting of the Pres- 
 ident, Recording and Assistant Secretaries." February 2, 1898, the As- 
 sistant Recording Secretary resigned, and no one else was afterward 
 elected. The only person who ever served was Dr. H. L. Hayes.] 
 
 The following members served as Recording Secretary : S. S. Adams, 
 1887-9S; J. B. Blake, 1826, 1834; Borrows, 1841-7; Causin, 1820-1; Cutis, 
 1886-7, resigned; Frye, 1848-51; Thomas Henderson, 1817-19, 1828; 
 Holmead, 1854-5 ; H. P. Howard, 1848, resigned ; Richmond Johnson, 
 1834-5, 1838-9; W. W. Johnston, last half of 1870 and first part 1871, re- 
 signed ; William Jones, 1840 ; A, F. A. King, 1865-8, resigned ; Klein- 
 schmidt, 1871-81; William Lee, 1868-70, resigned; Lippitt, 1859-60; Mc- 
 Ardle, 1881-6, resigned; Macatee, 1905 to 1909; F. P.Morgan, 1899-1905, 
 resigned ; W. G. Palmer, 1865, resigned ; J. C. Riley, 1S56-8 ; Saunders, 
 1852-3; W. M. Tucker, 1861-4; Wilstach, 1824-7; N. W. Worthington, 
 1822-3. It is not known who served in 1829-33. 
 
 By-law 5. Of the Treasurer {/820). — " The Treasurer shall collect all 
 monies (afterwards spelled moneys) due to the Society, receive all do- 
 nations of money which shall be made to the Society, and shall pa)-^ the 
 same agreeably to order certified to him by the President, Vice President, 
 or member who was in the chair when such order was made. He shall 
 keep a regular account of all monies received and paid by him as afore- 
 said ; and once every year, or oftener, if required by the Society, shall 
 render a statement of the funds in his hands and of the disbursements ; 
 and shall deliver up to his successor the books and all papers belonging 
 to the Society, together with the balance of cash ; and for the faithful 
 discharge of his trust shall give a satisfactory security to the President 
 within one month after being appointed." 
 
 October i, 1861, the words " which he shall deposit in bank to its 
 credit" were inserted after the words "shall be made to the Society;" 
 and "funds in bank" were substituted for "funds in his hands." 
 
 There have been but few changes in the treasurership. The following 
 have served : F. A. Ashford, 1871-4, resigned ; Busey, 1850-4 ; Johnson 
 Eliot, 1848-9; Franzoni, 1874 to 1909; J. C. Hall, 1838-45; William Jones, 
 1817-25, 1846-7; H. Lindsly, 1834-5; William Marbury, 1860-70; T. C. 
 Scott, 1830 ; A. J. Semmes, 1855-9 ; Wilstach, 1826-7. It is not known 
 who served in 1828-9, 1831-3 and 1836-7. 
 
 By-law 6. Of the Librarian (/j'^o).— " The Librarian shall take charge 
 of and preserve for the use of the Society all property, of whatever kind 
 it may be, money excepted, of which the Societv may become possessed, 
 and keep a correct list of the same, together with the respective names of
 
 430 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 the donors, in a book provided for that purpose, which book shall be laid 
 before the Society as often as called for. The Librarian shall give such 
 a receipt for everything committed to his care or charge as the Society 
 may direct, and at the end of his term shall deliver up the same to his 
 successor." 
 
 In the edition of 1839 the following sentence was added : " He shall 
 report the state of the library to the Society at the annual meeting in 
 each year." January 4, 1897, the word state was changed to condition. 
 
 The following members have served as Librarian : Craven, 1822-3 I 
 Grayson, 1S60-1 ; Gunnell, 1824-34; Holmead, 1850-3 ; F. Howard, 1844- 
 9; A. F. A. King, 1870-1 ; Lovejoy, 1867-8; Thomas Miller, 1835. 1S38- 
 43 ; E. L. Morgan, 1893 to 1909 ; J. E. Morgan, 1854-9 ; Mundell, 18S4- 
 92 ; Patze, 1873-84, resigned ; J. C. Riley, 1864-5 ; J- M. Toner, 1866, 
 1869, 1872; Weightman, 1817-18; N. W. Worthington, 1819-20. It is 
 not known who served in 182 1 or 1836-7. 
 
 By-law 7. 0/Coj/i>nittees {/820).—" The mode of appointing commit- 
 tees shall be as follows, viz : The President shall appoint one gentleman, 
 who shall be considered as chairman of the committee ; he shall name 
 the second, and so on, until the number agreed on shall be completed. 
 But if the business be of an extraordinary or important nature, any mem. 
 ber may move that the committee be chosen b}- ballot, which shall accord- 
 ingly be done. The chairman of every committee shall appoint a time 
 for its meeting before he leaves the Society." 
 
 In the 1839 edition this section became S instead of 7 ; and was entirely 
 struck out January 10, 1866. 
 
 January 4, 1897, a new section 8 was adopted, entitled "8. Of the 
 Standing Committees." 
 
 ' ' It shall be the duty of the Committee on Public Health to present to 
 the Society an annual report upon the condition of the public health in 
 the District of Columbia during the calendar year preceding. 
 
 "It shall be the duty of the Committee on Legislation to discharge 
 such duties pertaining to legislation as the Society may direct. 
 
 " It shall be the duty of the Committee on Essaj-s to secure and arrange 
 for the presentation of medical essays and pathological specimens." 
 
 January 8, 1902, the Committee on Legislation was replaced bj- an Ex- 
 ecutive Committee, with the following duties : "It shall be the duty of 
 the Executive Committee to keep informed in all matters concerning the 
 interests of the medical profession generally and of this Society and its 
 members in particular; to consider such resolutions as may be referred to 
 it by the Society ; to suggest improvements in the conduct of the bus- 
 iness of the Society; to consider and report upon matters requiring legis- 
 lative action ; to represent the Society before Congress and the Com- 
 missioners of the District of Columbia, and to report its operations to the 
 Society from time to time, as occasion may require, together with such 
 recommendations as it may deem proper."
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 43 1 
 
 Executive Committee.— Kc'k.&c and S. S. Adams, 1902-9 ; R. W. Baker, 
 1909 ; E. A. Balloch, 1902-8 ; Bovee, 1902-9 ; G. Wythe Cook and 
 W. B. French, 1902-5 ; Glazebrook, 1908-9 ; Hickling, 1902-9 ; W. 
 W.Johnston, 1902; Kober, 1902, 1904-7; Louis Mackall, Jr., 1906-9; G. 
 L. Magruder, 1902-3 ; J. D. Morgan, 1903-5, 1907-9 ; W. G. Morgan, 
 1902-6 ; McLaughlin, 1902-4, 1906-9 ; Neff, 1902-9 ; Reisinger, 1903-9 ; 
 C. W. Richardson, 1902-3, 1905-9; Shute, 1906-7, 1909; Sowers, 1902-7; 
 J. D. Thomas, 1907-9; Woodward, 1902-9. 
 
 Committee on Public Health. — Abbe, 1906-9 ; Balloch, 1898-1900 ; 
 Briggs, 1906-9 ; Carr, 1895-7 ; Chappell, 1895-1909 ; Claytor, 1898-1901 ; 
 J. T. Cole, 1902-3; Deale, 1898; Dowling, 1902 ; Dye, 1906-9; L. Eliot, 
 1902-3 ; Erbach, 1901 ; I. J. Heiberger, 1909 ; Holden, 1898-1901 ; 
 Hyatt, 1895-7 ; G. W. Johnston, 1898-1901 ; W. W. Johnston, 1895-7 ; 
 R, S. Lamb, 1902, 1904-9 ; D. O. Leech, 1895-7, 1899-1900 ; Frank 
 Leech, 1904-5 ; McLain, 1901 ; Mayfield, 1895-7 ; J. D. Morgan, 1895-6 ; 
 Rupert Norton, 189S ; Robins, 1902-3 ; S. Ruffin, 1899-1901 ; Sprigg, 
 1904-5 ; Stoutenburgh, 1902-3; Wellington, 1904-5 ; A. A. Wilson, 1902- 
 8 ; G. W. Wood, 1902-9; W. C. Woodward, 1897-8. 
 
 Committee on Legislation. — Busey, 1S95-9 ; G. Wythe Cook, 1895- 
 1901 ; L. Eliot, 1898; Hickling, 1900-1 ; W.W.Johnston, 1895-1901 ; 
 Kleinschmidt and McLain, 1895-1900; G. L. Magruder, 1895-1901 ; W. 
 G. Morgan, 1900-1 ; D. W. Prentiss, 1895; Reyburn, 1895, 1899, 1900- 
 1; Sowers, 1895-9, 1901 ; C.G.Stone, 1895-7; Woodward, 1895-1901. 
 The President of the Society was ex officio President of the Committee. 
 
 The Committee on Essays was called Committee on Evening Arrange- 
 ments in 1867-8 ; the following served on it : Drinkard, x868 ; Lovejo}-, 
 1867 ; Peter, and J. Ford Thompson, 1S67-8. 
 
 From 1869 to 1909, inclusive (excepting during 1875-8, when it was 
 called Committee on Publication), the following have served: S. S. 
 Adams, 1891 ; Charles Allen, 1869 ; F. A. Ashford, 1870, resigned ; Bal- 
 loch, 1905-8; N. P. Barnes, 1902-3, 1906-9; W. S. Bowen, 1892; Bryan, 
 1888, 90-1, 95 ; Busey, 1869-71 ; G. Wythe Cook, 1883-92; L. Eliot, 1892; 
 Ford, 1870; H. D. Fry, 1889; Griffith, 1902-3; C. E. Hagner, 1873-4, 
 80; Hartigan, 1879; J. T. D. Howard, 1893 ; P. C. Hunt, 1909; W. W. 
 Johnston, 1870-2; A. F. A. King, 1869-70, 73-4, 79, 81; William Lee, 
 1871 ; McLaughlin, 1904; L. Mackall, 1872; Murphy, 1880, 82 ; ISIary 
 Parsons, 1898-1901; Pool, 1893-1901; D.W.Prentiss, Sr., 1879; SchaefTer, 
 1881 ; Shute, 1904-5; T. C. Smith, 1884-91, 93-1909 I Stanton, 18S0 ; W. 
 H. Taylor, 1882-5, resigned; B. Thompson, 1872-4; Triplett, 1880; R. 
 Walsh, 1881 ; Woodward, 1894, 96-7. 
 
 By-law 7. Board of Examiners. Edition of i8sg. — This new section 
 7 appears in the 1839 edition: "A Board of Examiners, consisting of five 
 resident members, shall be elected by ballot at each annual meeting, 
 whose duty it shall be to grant licenses, upon the payment of five dollars.
 
 432 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 to such medical and chirurgical gentlemen as they may, upon a full ex- 
 amination, judge qualified to practice the medical and chirurgical arts. 
 No one shall be admitted to an examination until he shall, in conformity 
 with the requisitions of the charter, produce a diploma from some respect- 
 able medical college or society, and shall furnish satisfactory evidence 
 that he has studied physic and surgery three years, including one full 
 course of medical lectures as usually taught at the medical schools, or 
 four years without such a course of lectures. A majority of the Board 
 shall constitute a quorum for business, and the senior practitioner shall 
 be chairman. Any one of the Examiners may grant temporary licenses 
 to practice during the intervals of the meetings of the Board. The Board 
 shall keep a record of its proceedings, to be reported to the Society at its 
 annual meeting." 
 
 This section is in accord with each charter, sections 3, 4 and 5. The 
 edition of 1820 does not contain any corresponding provision in the by- 
 laws, perhaps because the charter so fully covers the subject. 
 
 In the edition of 1867 the word five (dollars) is changed to ten. Jan- 
 uary 15, 1868, after the words " course of lectures" were added the words 
 " provided always that nothing in this article shall be construed so as to 
 imply that practitioners thus licensed shall be de facto members of the 
 Society." July 8, 1868, the words "and shall furnish" were changed to 
 "or shall furnish." January 12, 1870, the words "no one shall be admit- 
 ted to an examination" were changed to " no one shall receive a license ;" 
 after the words " such a course of lectures" were added " and shall have 
 passed a satisfactory examination before the Board of Examiners;" in- 
 stead of "the senior practitioner shall be chairman," appeared "and 
 shall elect their own chairman ;" the sentence authorizing the granting 
 of temporary licenses was struck out and the following was inserted : 
 "The Board shall meet on the first Wednesday in every month, at such 
 hour and place as they may determine." 
 
 January 4, 1897, in view of the passage by Congress of a Licensing 
 Act, this section had become inoperative, and was therefore struck out. 
 
 The following served on the Board of Examiners : Acker, 1886-96 ; S. 
 S. Adams, 1887-96 ; Antisell, 1869, resigned ; F. A. Ashford, 1870, 78 ; 
 Austin, 1853-4; J. S. Beale, 1877; Bohrer, 1827-34; Borrows, 1838, 50-2, 
 65; W. S. Bovven, 1893-6; C. Boyle, Sr., 1858-61, 75; Bulkley, 1872-4, 77; 
 Busey, 1872, resigned ; Causin, 1820, 30 ; A. C. Christie, 1872 ; George 
 Clarke, 1820, 22 ; G. Wythe Cook, 1889 ; Cutbush, 1820-1 ; Cutts, 1887, 
 resigned ; Dove, 1859 ; J- Eliot, t86o-i, 65, 67, 69, 72; L. Eliot, 1890-2 ; 
 Fairfax, 1839; Ford, 1870-1; H. D. Fry, 1884, 6-8; Garnett, 1853-61, 68, 
 78; C. E. Hagner, 1875-7 ; D. R. Hagner, 1864, 67-8, 70-1, 75-6; J. C. 
 Hall, 1838-9, 1850-2; Hartigan, 1878-81, 85; T. Henderson, 1822, 25; F. 
 Howard, 1851-5,72; Hyatt, 1881-2 ; H. L. E. Johnson, 1889-92; J. T. 
 Johnson, 1878-80, 82-85 ; W. P. Johnston, 1844-9, 60 ; William Jones,
 
 DISTRICT OF COI<UMBIA 433 
 
 1S26, 184S-9; A. F. A. King, 1869, 73-6; Kleinschmidt, 1879-81, 83-5, 
 87-96; Liebermann, 1856-61, 64-5; H. Lindsly, 1838, 40-50, 6r, 66; Lov- 
 ell, 1822, 25, 34-5 ; Lovejoy, 1866, 68, 73-4 ; McArdle, 1882-8; S. A. H. 
 McKim, 1867; Iv. Mackall, Sr., 1865, 70-1 ; G. L. Magruder, 1881-3; G. 
 W. May, 1826; Fred May, 1819; J. F. May, 1840-7; T. Miller, 1850-9; E. 
 C. Morgan, 1886; J. E. Morgan, 1866, 69, 72; Murphy, 1877-8, resigned; 
 Ober, 1893-6 ; W. G. Palmer, 1864, 70-1, 79-80; D. C. Patterson, 1881-5; 
 Peter, 1873-4 ; D. W. Prentiss, 1878-80 ; J. C. Riley, 1869; J. Riley, 1827- 
 35; T. C. Scott, 1827, 30 ; T. Semmes, 1819 ; Sewall, 1830, 35, 38-9 ; ShaafF, 
 1819; Sim, 1819-21, 23; T. C. Smith, 1877; Staughton, 1825-7; R- K. 
 Stone, 1855-7; J- M. Thomas, 1840-9 ; B. Thompson, 1871-5; J. F. Thomp- 
 son, 1866-9; J- M. Toner, 1864-5, 67; Triplett, 1875-6; G. Tyler, 1864, 
 66; L.Tyler, 1886; Warfield, 1820, 26; Washington, 1824, 30,35; C. 
 Worthington, 1819 ; N. W. Worthington, 1834-5, 38-43; J. T. Young, 
 1876 ; N. Young, 1839-58. 
 
 By-law S. Of the Board of Censors. Edition of i8jo. — This section 
 was adopted January 12, 1870. " To the Board of Censors shall be refer- 
 red the name of every person nominated for election as resident member 
 or honorary member of the Society, and no election for resident member 
 or honorary member shall be held until the said Board, after due inves- 
 tigation, shall report to the Society upon the character and qualifications 
 of the person so referred. All charges of unprofessional or ungentle- 
 manly conduct made to the Society against any member shall also be 
 referred to this Board, who shall report thereupon." 
 
 January 4, 1897, the wording of the section was changed to read as fol- 
 lows : "To the Board of Censors shall be referred the name of every per- 
 son nominated for election to any class of membership ; said Board, after 
 due investigation, shall report to the Society, on the night fixed for elec- 
 tion, upon the qualifications of each person so referred, and no name 
 shall be voted upon until such report has been received. All charges of 
 unprofessional or ungentlemanly conduct made to the Society against 
 any member shall be referred to this Board for investigation and report." 
 
 [Note.— Although there was no provision for Censors in the charters or 
 constitution or the by-laws of the Society before 1870, there were Censors 
 in its early years. Toner (1866) says: "It is perhaps to be regretted 
 that the oflSce of Censors in the Society has been discontinued. For 
 many years three Censors were annually elected, whose duties were sim- 
 ilar to those at present performed by the Censors of the Medical Asso- 
 ciation of the District, but in addition they also acted as the nominating 
 committee for licentiates desiring to become members of the Society."] 
 
 The following have served on the Board of Censors : Acker, 1884-5, 
 
 1897-8; S. S. Adams, 1899; Antisell, 1877; Bohrer, 1819-20, 23 ; Borrows, 
 
 1873-4, Bov^e, 1902; Bromwell, 1887; G. A.Brown, 1819-20, 23; Bulkley, 
 
 1882 ; Busey, 1873, 78 ; Chappell, 1901 ; G. Wythe Cook, 1885-7, 91. 99- 
 
 28
 
 434 MEDICAI^ SOCIETY 
 
 1900, 02; Deale, 1903-9; J. Eliot, 1875-81 ; Fenwick, 1882; W. B. French, 
 1897-1900; Friedrich, 1888, 1901; Garnett, 1876; Glazebrook, 1901 ; D. 
 R. Hagner, 1883; F. R. Hagner, 1903-9 ; C. M. Hammett, 1888 ; Heiber- 
 ger, 1901 ; Hoehling, 1883 ; Holden, 1886-7; J- T. Howard, 1888; Hyatt, 
 1886; E. F. King, 1893-7, resigned; Kleinschmidt, 1897-1900; D, O. 
 Leech, 1901-9 ; Liebermann, 1871-5 ; Lovejoy, 1876; McArdle, 1891-2 ; 
 McLaughlin, 1900-2: L. Mackall, 1872; G. W. May, 1819-20,23; T. 
 Miller, 1870-3 ; Moran, 1902-9 ; J, E. Morgan, 1875, 77-81 ; Murphy, 
 1879-81; Ober, 1889-90; C. W. Richardson, 1891-1900 ; Richey, 1882-4; 
 Schaeffer, 1884-5; J- F.Thompson, i87o-r; J. M. Toner, 1874; Wall, 
 1903-9; J. T. Winter, 1889-90, 92-8; N. W. Worthington, 1819-20, 22. 
 
 By-hnv S. Of Motions {1S20'). — "Any member may make whatever 
 motion he thinks will tend to the benefit of the Society ; his proposal or 
 motion must be given to the President in writing ; and it shall be imme- 
 diately voted or balloted for, unless a majority of the members present 
 wish it to lie over for consideration. In either case it shall be recorded 
 on the minutes of the Society." 
 
 In the edition of 1839, this section became 9 instead of 8. January 4, 
 1897, the wording of the first part of this section was changed as follows : 
 " Every motion must be given to the President in writing, and shall be 
 immediately discussed and voted on unless," etc. 
 
 July I, 1901, the wording of the first part was again changed to read 
 " Every motion must be given to the President, and at his discretion the 
 mover may be required to put the motion in writing, and it shall be 
 immediately discussed," etc. 
 
 By-lazu g. Of the Order of Debate {1S20). — "No member shall inter- 
 rupt the President, or any other member, while speaking ; every member 
 shall stand while speaking, and address himself to the President." 
 
 This section, which became No. 10 in the edition of 1839, was struck 
 out January 4, 1897. 
 
 By-law JO. Of Decortini {1S20). — " No member or members shall be 
 permitted to sit or stand with his or their heads covered." 
 
 This section became No. 11 in the edition of 1S39 ; was struck out Jan- 
 uary 4, 1897. 
 
 By-law 10. Of Essays and Discussions. Edition of i8gj. — January 4, 
 1897, the following section was adopted : 
 
 "Men eminent in medicine, not exceeding four in number, may be 
 invited annually to address the Society ; the invitation to be made by a 
 committee consisting of the President, the Corresponding Secretary and 
 the Recording Secretary, and with the approval of the Society. (Orig- 
 inally adopted February 6, 1895.) 
 
 "No papers, essays, histories of cases or pathological specimens shall 
 be read or presented to the Society for discussion if such papers, essays, 
 histories or specimens have been read or presented to any other Society,
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 435 
 
 or published or offered for publication in any medical journal. (Origin- 
 ally adopted February 25, 1891.) 
 
 "The discussion of any paper or pathological specimen, read or pre- 
 sented at a meeting of the Society shall not be continued to a subsequent 
 meeting, except by an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members 
 present." 
 
 January 13, 1904, the vv^ords " members present" were changed to 
 ' ' votes cast. ' ' 
 
 July I, 1907, the following amendments were adopted : 
 
 "That no paper read before the Society be allowed to consume more 
 than twenty minutes in its delivery, and that the presentation of a case 
 or of a pathological specimen be not allowed to consume more than ten 
 minutes; that in the discussion of a paper, case or specimen, no member 
 be allowed to speak more than ten minutes or to speak more than once, 
 except the member reading the paper or presenting the case or specimen, 
 who is entitled to close the discussion, and except in cases in which the 
 regulation is waived by vote of the Society: Provided, that the foregoing 
 restrictions do not apply to invited guests of the Society. 
 
 "That every member desiring to publish elsewhere than in the 
 Washington Medical Annals any paper that he has read before the 
 Society, be required, unless he publishes his paper in regular order in the 
 Annals, to furnish to the Editorial Committee an abstract of said paper 
 within two weeks after it has been read." 
 
 By-law II. Attendance of Meetings {1820). — "No member shall be 
 permitted to retire after calling his name, without permission from the 
 President, until the Society have adjourned."* 
 
 In the edition of 1839 this section became No. 13 ; January 12, 1870, 
 the word t/iewas inserted before, and i?/" after calling, and lias was substi- 
 tuted for /lave. January 4, 1897, the section was struck out. 
 
 By-law 12. Of a Quorum {1820). — "At each meeting of the Society 
 any number, not less than seven, shall constitute a quorum." 
 
 In the edition of 1839 this section became No. 13. The minimum 
 number, seven, was provided in the charters. January 4, 1897, the word- 
 ing was changed to read "At the meetings of the Society seven active 
 members shall constitute a quorum," July i, 1907, the number was in- 
 creased to fifteen. 
 
 By-law 13. Of Visitors (1820). — "Medical men, or men learned in the 
 collateral branches of the science, on a visit to the District of Columbia, 
 not members of this Society, may be permitted to attend meetings, on be- 
 ing introduced by a member of the Society." 
 
 This section became No. 14 in the edition of 1839 ; January 4, 1897, it 
 
 *The only record of a fine ever having been imposed is that of February 19, 1S6S ; 
 Johnson Eliot was fined by the President fifty cents for retiring without permission. 
 Those who knew Dr. Eliot personally will appreciate the humor of the circumstance.
 
 436 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 was made No. 12, and was changed to read "Non-resident medical men 
 and candidates for membership may be permitted to attend the regular 
 meetings on being introduced by an active member." 
 
 By-law 14. Routine 0/ Business {1820). — " At each meeting of the So- 
 ciety, as soon as the President takes the chair and the meeting is consti- 
 tuted, the following shall be the order of proceeding : First, the roll shall 
 be called. Second, the minutes shall be read. Third, the election of 
 candidates for membership. Fourth, nomination of candidates for mem- 
 bership. Fifth, Report of Treasurer. Sixth, reports of committees. 
 Seventh, reports of the Corresponding Secretarj'. Eighth, medical 
 papers and essays read or presented for consideration." 
 
 This section became No. 15 in the edition of 1839 ; in 1866 it became 
 No. 14 again, and the order was amended by inserting as " eighth. Mis- 
 cellaneous business." January 12, 1870, the section was made No. 15, 
 and the following was adopted as the order : 
 
 " At each regular meeting of the Society, as soon as the President takes 
 the chair and the meeting is constituted, the following shall be the order 
 of proceeding : First, the minutes shall be read. Second, the election 
 of candidates for membership (at the first regular meetings in April and 
 October). Third, nomination of candidates for membership (at the 
 stated meetings). Fourth, report of Treasurer (at the first regular meet- 
 ing in each month). Five, reports of committees. Six, report of Cor- 
 responding Secretary. Seven, miscellaneous business. Eight, Patholo- 
 gical specimens. Nine, unfinished debates on medical papers. Ten, 
 medical papers and essays read or presented for consideration. 
 
 "All meetings of the Society shall commence at 8 o'clock P. M, 
 
 " By a rule of the Society [adopted January 23, 1865], thirty minutes 
 are allowed for all items in this routine of business up to the eighth. 
 
 "The regular business of the stated meetings shall not be suspended 
 for the consideration of anj' other matter; and if such business shall not 
 be concluded at the meeting on the first Monday in January or the first 
 Monday in July the stated meeting may be adjourned from day to day or 
 from week to week until that business is finished, when the stated meet- 
 ing shall close and the regular meeting may commence. The regular 
 meetings shall be held on Wednesday of each week." (This last sentence 
 was adopted by the Society January 23, 1865, and again January 12, 1870.) 
 
 January 4, 1897, this section was made 13 instead of 15, and was much 
 changed in wording throughout : "The regular meetings of the Society 
 shall be held on Wednesday of each week, when the order of business 
 shall be as follows : 
 
 "First, introduction of visitors. Second, reading of the minutes. 
 Third, election of candidates for active membership (at the first regular 
 meetings in April and October). Fourth, report of Treasurer (at the 
 first regular meeting in each month). Fifth, report of Corresponding
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 437 
 
 Secretary. Sixth, reports of Committees. Seventh, miscellaneous busi- 
 ness. Eighth, pathological specimens. Ninth, essay for the month, on 
 evening assigned. Tenth, unfinished debates on medical papers. Elev- 
 enth, medical papers and essays. 
 
 "Only the business parts of the minutes shall be read, together with 
 the title of papers and specimens read or presented, and the names of 
 members engaged in their discussion. (Adopted February 6, 1S95.) Not 
 more than thirty minutes shall be allowed for the transaction of all busi- 
 ness under articles numbered i to 7, inclusive. 
 
 " The order of business at an}' regular meeting shall not be suspended 
 except by an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the active members present. 
 
 "The order of business at stated ineetings shall be as follows: First, 
 reading of the minutes of the previous stated meeting. Second, nomina- 
 tion of candidates for membership. Third, reports of officers. Fourth, 
 reports of committees. Fifth, election of officers and censors. Sixth, 
 miscellaneous business. 
 
 "The regular business of the stated meetings shall not be suspended 
 for the consideration of any other matter, and if such business be not 
 concluded on the first Monday in January or the first Monday in July 
 such meeting may be adjourned from day to day or from week to week 
 until that business is finished ; nor shall the order of business be sus- 
 pended except by an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members pres- 
 ent. 
 
 "All regular and stated meetings shall begin at 8 o'clock P. M."* 
 
 But few parliamentary rules were adopted by the Society until 1867, 
 when, May 8th, a committee, consisting of the President, Secretary and 
 Harvey Lindsly, was appointed to select from Jefferson's Manual and the 
 Rules of the House of Representatives such rules as applied to the Soci- 
 ety. May 15th, the committee reported a series of twenty rules, and 
 May 22d these were adopted by the Society. Just what they were does 
 not appear. 
 
 February i, 1 871, it was ordered that a manual of parliamentary law 
 should be procured and placed in the library, but which manual was 
 selected is not stated. 
 
 January 13, 1904, the following changes were made : " affirmative vote 
 of two-thirds of the active members present" to " concurrence of two- 
 thirds of the votes cast ;" and "affirmative vote of two-thirds of the 
 members present" in the same way. 
 
 By-law 15. 0/ A?inual Contributions (/.^i-o).— " Each resident mem- 
 ber shall pay annually to the Treasurer the sum of three dollars, for the 
 use of the Society ; which funds in the first place shall be appropriated 
 to defray the current expenses of the Society, and the surplus shall be 
 
 *May 18, 1887, the chair (J. Taber Johnson) decided that one-fifth of the members 
 present were necessary to call yeas and nays.
 
 438 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 expended in purchasing medical books, under the direction of a commit- 
 tee appointed for the special purpose." 
 
 In the edition of 1839 the number was changed to 16, the title simply 
 " of Contributions," and the wording as follows : "The expenses of the 
 Societ}' shall be defrayed by the fees paid into the treasury, and by special 
 assessments made upon the resident members from time to time as occa- 
 sion maj' require ; and any member who shall neglect to pay his assess- 
 ment for three years, except in case of absence from the District, shall 
 forfeit his membership." 
 
 January 12, 1870, the words "any member" became "any resident 
 member," and the number of the section 15 ; number 16 in 1894 ; 14 in 
 1S97. The editions of 1S82 et seq. say two instead of three years. 
 
 Januar}' 4, 1897, the section was changed to read "The expenses of the 
 Society shall be defrayed by an annual assessment upon the active mem- 
 bers and by special assessments made from time to time as occasion may 
 require ; and any member who shall neglect to pa}' any such assessment 
 for two years shall forfeit his membership." 
 
 Inasmuch as the expense of keeping up the Society must be provided 
 for in some waj', this Society at first established a yearly dues as the 
 means of defraying expenses. In 1819 it fixed the annual dues at $3.00 ; 
 this would appear a large sum for a Society having only four meetings a 
 year, even though the membership was small, and therefore greater per 
 capita; but the dues were intended also to buy books, that is, such sum as 
 remained after paying other expenses. 
 
 It is presumed that this method continued until 1839, when the second 
 charter was granted ; there is no record to the contrary. In 1839 it was 
 provided that the expenses should be defrayed by the fees {i. e., fees re- 
 ceived from the Board of Examiners), and special assessments should be 
 made when needed. This regulation continued unchanged until 1897, 
 when the Board expired by law and fees from that source ceased. It was 
 then provided that the expenses should be defrayed by annual assess- 
 ments and by special assessments when needed. 
 
 From time to time one or more members were exempted from assess- 
 ments, usually those who had been members a long time, or some other 
 good reason seemed to justify such exemption. Under the rule such 
 members if they failed to pay assessments would have been dropped. 
 Sometimes new members were exempted for the year in which they were 
 elected. At one time, November 15, 1865, the Society ordered that mem- 
 bers who were not practicing, those who were out of the city, and those 
 who had become members during the year, should be exempted. Again, 
 February 7, 1866, exemption was given to new members and those not 
 practicing. February 6, 1867, it was ordered that new members elected 
 during the year should pay only so much of the yearl}' fee as corresponded 
 to the portion of the year remaining from the time of their election.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 439 
 
 March 4, 1868, it was ordered that members not practicing and members 
 elected during the year should be exempted, and that a member who had 
 removed from the city and afterward returned should be exempted for 
 the year in which he returned. February 3, 1869, members elected dur- 
 ing the year and those who removed and returned as just stated, were 
 exempted. January 6, 1873, members elected during the year were ex- 
 empted. 
 
 It is interesting to note that up to the year 186S, at least, it was cus- 
 tomary, with more or less regularity as to time, to collect the assessments 
 through some one member who lived in the " ward ;" and as there were 
 seven wards in Washington and two in Georgetown, and there was the 
 "county" besides, these ten members made the collections. 
 
 February 3, 1875, it was ordered that members dropped for non-pay- 
 ment of dues should be required to pay up all arrears and apply again for 
 membership. This action had already been taken in the case of S. S. 
 Bond. The same question again arose March 20, 1878, and Dr. Busey 
 recalled the order just mentioned. But Noble Young thought it would 
 be better to have legal advice as to how far the Society as a chartered 
 body could deprive a man of his membership. April 9, 1884, Vice Presi- 
 ident Taylor decided that a member dropped for any cause would need 
 to go through the usual forms before reinstatement. 
 
 November 5, 1S84, in the case of O. M. Muncaster, reinstated, and who 
 had paid f r.oo initiation fee, the Society ordered the money refunded. 
 
 October 28, 1885, another question arose. J. C. Bird, who had been 
 elected but had not signed the constitution and was dropped for non- 
 payment of dues, contended that not having signed he was not therefore 
 a member, and therefore could not be dropped. The Society, however, 
 decided that he must again make formal application for membership. 
 
 By-law 16. — No section of this number in the edition of 1820. 
 
 By-law 17. Amendfuenls.— There was no provision for amendments in 
 the edition of 1820 ; in the year 1839 appears the following : " The pre- 
 ceding constitutional ordinance and by-laws, being adopted for the future 
 regulation of the Society, all others not contained in this summary are 
 hereby repealed ; and all propositions for altering the foregoing shall lay 
 over for one stated meeting at least before being acted upon." 
 
 January 12, 1870, the wording after the word "foregoing" was changed 
 to read "Constitution or by-laws shall be made at one stated meeting 
 and shall not be taken up for action until the next stated meeting ; and 
 such proposed amendments shall be read by the Recording Secretary at 
 each of the last three regular meetings preceding the stated meeting at 
 which such action is to be had." 
 
 January 4, 1897, the number of the section became 15, and the wording 
 was again changed to read: "The preceding constitution and by-laws 
 being adopted for the future regulation of the Society, all rules and regu-
 
 440 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 lations not contained therein are hereby repealed ; all propositions for 
 altering the same shall be made at one stated meeting and shall not be 
 taken up for action until the next stated meeting ; and a copy of such 
 proposed amendments shall be sent to each active member by mail, with 
 the notice of the meeting at which they are to be acted upon." 
 
 By-law i8. Edition of 1SS2. — " The routine of business of the regular 
 meetings shall not be suspended except b}' a vote of two-thirds of the 
 members present." January 4, 1897, this was incorporated in section 13, 
 and was therefore struck out as a separate section. 
 
 The following have served as Vice Presidents of the Washington Acad- 
 einy of Sciences, representing the Medical Society : S. S. Adams, 1902-3, 
 1905; Balloch, 1909; Busey, 1899-1901, died; H. D. Fry, 1908; W. W. 
 Johnston, 1901-2, died; J. D. Morgan, 1906; C. W. Richardson, 1904; D. 
 K. Shute, 1907. 
 
 Special Committees. — The following served as a special committee on 
 Medical History and Statistics, appointed March 24, 1869 : J. M. Toner, 
 William Lee, W. W. Johnston, D. W. Prentiss, Ford, W. E. Roberts, 
 Croggon, Peter and Busey. 
 
 The following have served on the Committee on Library : May 10, 
 1869, Antisell, Drinkard, W. P. Johnston, Louis Mackall, Liebermann ; 
 May 9, 1870, William Marbury, Mackall and Liebermann ; 1909, J. T. 
 Howard; 1904-8, D. S. Lamb; 1904-9, E. L. Morgan; 1904-5, F. P. Mor- 
 gan; and 1906-8, D. G. Smith. 
 
 Committee on Publication — The first committee consisted of J. H. 
 Thompson, J. F. Thompson and William Lee, appointed in 1869. 
 
 From TS75 to 1878, inclusive, the Committee on Essays was called the 
 Committee on Publication. The following served on the committee : 
 Busey, 1875, resigned; W. W. Johnston, 1875-6; A. F. A. King, 1875, 
 resigned ; Kleinschmidt, 1875-8 ; William Lee and Murphy, 1877-8 ; 
 Ross, 1875-6; B. Thompson, 1875, died. 
 
 From 1883 to 1909 the following served : S. S. Adams, 1885-96 ; Belt, 
 1893; Bovee, 1892; Burnett, 1889; G. Wythe Cook, 1894-6; Cutts, 1886-7; 
 Edes, 1891 ; L. Eliot, 189S-1901 ; Fernald, 1888 ; H. D. Fry, 1885-8 ; G. 
 B. Harrison, 1885-6; Hawkes, 1892; V. B. Jackson, 1902-4; W. W. John- 
 ston, 1897-9, resigned; A. F. A. King, 1883, resigned; Kober, 1 897-1901; 
 D. S. Lamb, 1902-9; F. Leech, 1894-6; McArdle, 1883-6, resigned; J. D. 
 Morgan, 1897-1900, resigned; Motter, 1905-8; T. M. Murray, 18S9-91 ; 
 B. G. Pool, 1909 ; D. W. Prentiss, Sr., 1883-5, resigned ; C. W. Richard- 
 son, 1890; J.D.Thomas, 1899, 1901 ; Tompkins, 1893; W. A.Wells, 
 1902-6 ; C. S. White, 1908-9. 
 
 January 20, 1897, the name Committee on Publication was changed to 
 the Committee on Editing the Transactions.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 44 1 
 
 The following have served on the Committee 07t Microscopy : Acker, 
 1884-99; Balloch, 1893-7 ; G. B. Harrison, 1886 ; W. W. Johnston, 1877- 
 83; A. F. A. King, 1876; D. S. Lamb, 1876-1900; Marshall, 1900-9; J. B. 
 Nichols, 1900-8; D. W. Prentiss, Jr., 1902-9; Schaeflfer, 1876-85, 1887- 
 92; Vale, 1898-1901; W. W. Wilkinson, 1909. 
 
 The following have served as Coi)ifnittee on Directory of Niines : S. S. 
 Adams and H. H. Barker, 1891-1901 ; Burnett, 18S3 ; G. Wythe Cook, 
 1889; H. Fisher, 1902; Griffith, 1904-9; Groover, 1906-9; H. L. E. John- 
 son, 1883, 1890-2, 1902-5 ; J. T. Johnson, 1901 ; G. W. Johnston, 1888 ; 
 W. W. Johnston, 1884, 1887 ; Lovejoy, 1884-7 ; McArdle, 1883-91 ; Mc- 
 Laughlin, 1893-1901 ; Mundell, 1885-6; D. W. Prentiss, Sr., 1888-9; 
 Ada R. Thomas, 1902-9. 
 
 The following have served on the Milk Commission : S. S. Adams, 
 1903-4, resigned ; E. A. DeSchweinitz, 1903, died ; Donnally and Hick- 
 ling, 1905-9 ; J. H. McCormick and J. B. Nichols, 1903-5 ; E. Sothoron, 
 1905-9 ; Sprigg, 1903-9 ; Wall, 1904-9 ; Woodward, 1903, resigned. 
 
 The following have served on the Committee on Entertainment : F. R. 
 Hagner and Jackson, 1905-8 ; L. H. Taylor, 1908 ; J. D. Thomas, 1905-7 ; 
 
 The following have served on the Historical Committee : A. F. A. 
 King, 1902-6 ; Kleinschmidt and E. L. Morgan, 1902-5 ; D. S. Lamb, 
 Franzoni, G. Wythe Cook and Holden, 1906-9 ; L. Eliot, 1908-9.
 
 SUBJECT INDEX. 
 
 Abattoir — 146. 
 
 Abbreviations — 211. 
 
 Address of President — 425. 
 
 Adhesive Straps in Fractures — 152. 
 
 Alexandria (Va. and D. C.) — 2. 
 
 Alexandria Lodge of Masonry — 219. 
 
 All Hallows, Md— 317. 
 
 Amendments — ^418, 425, 439. 
 
 American Humane Society — 183, 184. 
 
 American Institute for Drug Proving — 200. 
 
 American Medical Association — 15, 25, 26, 27, 28, 102, 103, 182, 183, 
 
 187, 202, 203, 225, 226, 244, 255, 256, 319, 419. 
 American Medical Union — 197, 202. 
 Anacostia Flats — 197, 201, 202. 
 Anatomy, Practical — 116, 117, 195, 
 Anniversaries — 94, 96, 426. 
 Apothecaries — i. 
 Appendix — 415. 
 Arlington — 97. 
 
 Army Medical Museum — 146, 270. 
 Army (U. S.) — 2, 400, 413, (table) 423, 424. 
 Assistant Recording Secretary — 56, 124, 429. 
 Association State Medical Journals — 196, 199. 
 Asylum : 
 
 Inebriate — 165. 
 
 German Orphan — 305. 
 
 Insane— 33, 34, 35, 107, 141, 198, 203, 217, 226, 254, 321, 324. 330. 
 
 St. Joseph's Orphan — 86. 
 
 Washington — 33, 216. 
 
 Washington City Orphan — 39. 
 Authorship — 212. 
 Baltimore Riot, 1812 — 217. 
 Barber Shops — 201. 
 Battle of Bladensburg — 213. 
 Battle of Lake Erie — 216. 
 Birthplaces — 400, 401 (table). 
 Births, Registration of — 107, 108, 109, 201. 
 Bladder, Stone in — 224.
 
 444 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 Board of Health, Georgetown — 217, 237, 252, 273. 
 
 Board of Trade — 158, 161, 291. 
 
 "Boxer" — 222. 
 
 Bribery — 14, 30. 
 
 Bureau of Freedmen, &c. — 39. 
 
 Bureau of x^Iateria Medica — 185. 
 
 Business IMen's Association — 158, 161. 
 
 Business, Routine of — 436, 440. 
 
 By-laws — 417, 425 et seq. 
 
 Caesarean Operation — 310. 
 
 Capitol at Washington — i, 220, 221, 298. 
 
 Censors— 8, 33, 420, 421, 422, 424, 433. 
 
 Cerebro-spinal Meningitis — 168. 
 
 Cerrificates of Illness — 121. 
 
 Charleston Earthquake — 153. 
 
 Charter of Medical Society — 5, 10, 11, loi, 102, 103. 104, 120, 152, 18S. 
 
 "Chesapeake" — 218. 
 
 Chicken-pox — 168. 
 
 Child Labor — 200. 
 
 Cholera— 33, 66, 150, 151. 309, 317. 
 
 Churches in Washington : 
 
 Christ Church, Georgetown — 214. 
 
 St. John's Episcopal — 17. 
 
 St. John's, Georgetown — 213. 
 
 St. Patrick's— 18. 
 
 Trinity — 214. 
 City Hall— 9, 15. Halftone, i. 
 Civic Center — 164, 199. 
 Codification of Laws of D. C. — 188. 
 Colleges, Medical — 8, 211. 
 
 Colonization Society, American — 18, 42, 220, 225, 260, 263. Halftone, 3. 
 Colored Physicians — 100, loi, 105. 
 Columbian Medical College — 8, 14, 17, 34, 95, 212. 
 Columbian University, Assembly Building — Halftone, 2. 
 Commission of Health — 109. 
 Committees — 430. 
 
 Auditing — 194. 
 
 Directory of Nurses — 441. 
 
 Editing— 82, 83, 84, 199, 203, 435, 440. 
 
 Entertainment — 441. 
 
 Essay— 35, 56, 60, 69, 420, 425, 430, 431, 440. 
 
 Evening Arrangements — 55, 431. 
 
 Executive — 83, 91, 168, 177, 180, 185, 186. 191. 192, 193, 197, 198, 201, 
 202, 203, 420, 430, 431.
 
 DISTRICT OF COt,UMBIA 445 
 
 Committees. — Continued. 
 
 Hall— 86, 87. 
 
 History — 98, 441. 
 
 History and Statistics — 99. 
 
 Legislation— 105, 134, 135, 136, 167, 168, 170, 179, 181, 185, 188, 189 
 191, 193, 202, 420, 430, 431. 
 
 Library — 8, 40, 41, 42, 43, 440. 
 
 Medical Constitution, D. C. — 100. 
 
 Medical History and Statistics — 440. 
 
 Microscopy — 441. 
 
 National Legislation — 187. 
 
 Publication — 68, TZ, 77 > /§» 79, 81. 43 1. 440- 
 
 Public Health — 145, 169, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 197, 420, 430, 431. 
 Compensation to Officers — 122. 
 Congress, American Physicians and Surgeons — 183. 
 
 International Medical — 124, 155. 
 
 Pan-American — 190, 199. 
 
 Pure Food — 185. 
 
 United States — i. 
 Consolidation of Medical Work of D. C. — 195, 198. 
 "Constitution" — 216. 
 Constitution and By-Laws, and Amendments to same — 4, 8, 15, 19, 21, 
 
 252, 264, 417 et seq. 
 Contents, Table of, xi. 
 Coroners' Inquests — 46. 
 "Corwin" — 317. 
 Crematory — 200. 
 Councils, City — 17. 
 Court of Law — 10. 
 
 Cumberland, Md., Typhoid Fever— 155, 158. 
 Dead Bodies, Removal of — 201. 
 Deaths, Registration of — 107, 108, 109, 201. 
 Debate, Order of — 434. 
 Decorum — 434. 
 Dentists — i. 
 
 Dinner to J. Ford Thompson — 132. 
 Diphtheria — 166, 167, 168, 325, 327. 
 Directory of Nurses — 145, 146, 441. 
 Discipline — 14, 30. 
 
 Discussions— 5, 8, 10, 53, 56, 194, 419, 425, 434, 435. 
 Dispensaries — :zT), 35, 214, 221. 
 
 Central Dispensary — See Emergency Hospital. 
 
 Dorothea Dix Dispensarj' — 351. 
 
 Eastern Dispensary and Casualty Hospital— 6>c Casualty Hospital.
 
 44^ MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Dispensaries. — Continued. 
 
 Lutheran Eye, Ear and Throat Infirmary — 40. 
 
 U. S. Army Dispensary — 40. 
 
 Woman's Clinic — 39, 40, 340. 
 
 Woman's Dispensary — 39. 
 Dissecting Case — 58. 
 
 Material — 116, 117, 195. 
 District of Columbia — 63, 220. 
 Earthquake — 153, 201. 
 Eclectic jNIedical Society — 170. 
 Education, Board of — 191. 
 
 Non-Medical- — 400, 407 (table). 
 Engine House — 17. 
 "Enterprise" — 222. 
 Enterorrhaph}' — 270. 
 Epidemics in Washington — 127. 
 Epilepsy — 190. 
 
 Errors in Personal Sketches — 399. 
 Essays Read Before Societj^ — 53, 56, 59, 424, 434, 435. 
 Ethics — 14, 30, 31. 
 Examiners, Board of — 10, 19, 21, 22, 23, 47, 48, 118, 134, 169, 175, 41S, 
 
 419, 421, 422, 431, 432, 438. 
 Excreta — 65. 
 
 Experiments, Scientific, on Human Beings — 189, 194. 
 Fees— 14, 20, 21, 30, 194, 437, 438. 
 Fellows of the Medical Society — 423. 
 Filtration of Water — 116, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 
 
 165, 19s, 298, 302. 
 Fines— 435. 
 Fire — 54, 201, 216. 
 Fish Commission — 323. 
 "Flats" — 140, 144. 
 Flies — 302. 
 
 Food, &c., Adulteration of — 133, 185, 195, 196. 
 Formulary for Non-Officinal Preparations — 93. 
 Forty-niners — 236. 
 Founders of -Medical Society — 2. 
 Fractures, Extension by Adhesive Straps — 152, 216. 
 Funerals — 44. 
 Georgetown Medical College — 18. Halftone, 3. 
 
 University — 256. Halftones, 3, 4. 
 George Washington Memorial Association — 204. 
 Gilman's Drug Store— 18. Halftone, 2. 
 Gonzaga Hall — 96. Halftone, 4.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 447 
 
 Government of the District of Columbia — 126. 
 Governors, Conference of — 132. 
 "Harvey's" — 95. 
 Haskell's School — 17. 
 
 Health, Board of, and Department of — 28, 29, 33, 49, 84, 105, 109, 113, 
 115, 139, 140, 142, 144, 156, 166, 168, 171, 172, 176, 177, 178, 179, 192, 
 195, 198, 202, 214, 221, 222, 225, 226, 227, 231, 234, 238, 239, 247, 251, 
 267, 281, 303, 305, 313, 330, 342. 
 History — i. 
 
 Holland Purchase — 292. 
 Home Guard — 306. 
 
 Homeopathic Medical Society — 48, 117, 119, 135, 136, 137, 194, 201. 
 Homeopathy — 117, 200. 
 Hooping Cough — 168. 
 Hospitals in the District of Columbia — 33, 35. — See also Dispensaries 
 
 Children's — 39, 228, 231, 237, 241, 284, 291. 
 
 Cholera — 150, 214, 216, 218, 221, 225, 226, 229. 
 
 City— 17. 
 
 f olumbia, for Women — 35, 39, 300. 
 
 Columbian University — 39. 
 
 Contagious Diseases — 38. 
 
 Desmarres — 35. 
 
 Eastern Dispensary and Casualty — 40, 311, 316. 
 
 Emergency — 36, 277, 299, 301. 
 
 Episcopal Eye, Ear and Throat — 39, 335. 
 
 Freedmen's — 39. 
 
 Garfield Memorial — 37, 38, 241, 249, 284, 291. 
 
 General — 36. 
 
 Georgetown University — 39, 299. 
 
 Homeopathic — 40. 
 
 Municipal — 39, 194. 
 
 National^33, 107. 
 
 Naval — 40. 
 
 Providence— 35, 38, 255. 
 
 Ricord— 35. 
 
 Sibley Memorial — 40. 
 
 Smallpox — 29. 
 
 Tuberculosis — 39, 196. 
 
 Walter Reed (Army)— 131. 
 
 Washington General (Army) — ^40. 
 Home for Incurables — 40. 
 Hospital for Foundlings — 40, 300. 
 Infirmary— 17, 18, 19, 33, 34, 222, 225, 226, 231. Halftone, 5.
 
 448 MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 Hotels: 
 
 National— 17, 238, 263. 
 
 Strother's— 7, 17. 
 
 Tennison's — 3, 4, 16. 
 
 Willard's— 17. 
 Hydrophobia — 189. 
 Ice Trust — 171. 
 Illness, Certificates of — 121. 
 Infants, Feeding of — 172. 
 Insane — 192, 195, 196. 
 Insane Asylum — See Asylum, Insane. 
 Insanitary Buildings — 194, 198, 200. 
 Institute, National Surgical — 124. 
 Inventions — 318. 
 Investments — 98. 
 "Island" — 139. 
 
 Isthmian Canal Commission — 199. 
 1869 to 1872 — 100. 
 Jackson Central Committee — 215. 
 "Jeannette" — 317. 
 
 Jefferson Medical College Medal— 256. 
 Johnstown, Pa., Flood — 166. 
 Joyce Engraving Co., viii. 
 Judiciary Square — 33. 
 Juvenile Court — 201. 
 "Kidwell's Bottoms" — 141. 
 Laboratory, Psycho-physical — 192. 
 Law College, Georgetown — 18. 
 Lead Poisoning — 187. 
 Lenman Building — 18. Halftone, 4. 
 "Leopard" — 218. 
 Levy Court — 107. 
 Librarian — 123, 201, 419. 429, 430. 
 Library of Medical Society — 8, 40. 
 Library, Washington City — 43, 195. 
 
 License or Certificate — 20, 21, 22, 23, 119, 432. Halftone, 6. 
 License Fee — 133. 
 
 Licentiates of Medical Society — 165. 421, 422, 423, 433. 
 Lists of Members — 207, 213. 
 Longevity — 187. 
 McPhail's School— 17. 
 Malaria — 138, 145, 151. 
 Marine Corps — 214. 
 Marine Hospital Service — 122, 190, 319, 400, 413 (table), 423, 424.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 449 
 
 "Marini's" Hall— 95, 96. 
 Maryland Flotilla (1782) — 213. 
 
 Governor's Council (1798) — 218. 
 
 Physicians, Practicing in D. C. — 195, 198. 
 Measles— 166, 168. 
 Medical Association, D. C. — 14, 30, Z'2; loi, 122, 127, 197, 202, 203, 215, 
 
 218, 221, 222, 226, 229, 233, 240, 249, 250, 255, 269, 417, 433. 
 ]\Iedical Board — 19. 
 
 Medical and Chiriirgical Faculty of Maryland — 2, 5, 7, 213, 217, 218, 
 
 219, 223. 
 
 Medical College Act — 172, 189. 
 
 Medical Colleges of Graduation — 400, 403 (table). 
 
 Medical Hall— 17, 18, 35, 84, 85, 86, 88, 99. Halftone, 2. 
 
 Medical Inspection of Schools — 191, 195, 200. 
 
 Medical Journals : 
 
 Bulletin — 70, 72. 
 
 Journal American Medical Association — 78, 79, 81. 
 
 Maryland Medical Journal — T], 78, 80. 
 
 National Medical Journal — 68, 69, 71, 240, 274. 
 
 National Medical Review — "jd, 80, 82, 323. 
 
 New York Journal of Medicine — 230. 
 
 New York Medical Journal — T7, 81. 
 
 Retrospect of American Medicine and Surgery — 76. 
 
 Transactions Medical Society— 70, 71, 'J2, Tz, 74, 75, 76, 78, 82, 83. 
 
 Virginia Medical Monthly — 75, 80, 81. 
 
 Washington Medical Annals— 70, 83, 84, 288, 361, 362, 364, 365, 378, 
 
 399, 435- 
 Medical Practice Act— 119, 175, 189, 203, 241. 
 Meeting Places — 16, 196. 
 
 Meetings— 5, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 55, I94, 196, 418, 419, 425, 435- 
 Members, List of — 169. 
 Membership — 205. 
 
 Active — 209, 420, 422, 423, 428. 
 
 Honorary — 207, 420, 421, 423. 
 
 By Invitation — 423, 424. 
 
 Resident — 420, 421, 422, 423. 
 Memorial, Health Department — no. 
 
 to Walter Reed — 131. 
 Methyl Alcohol— 197. 
 Metric System — 117. 
 Metropolitan Board of Health— 109. 
 Milk— 116, 132, 156, 176, 178, 180, 194, 197, 241, 298, 302. 
 
 Commission — 180, 195, 441. 
 
 Laboratory — 179, 180. 
 29
 
 450 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Motions — ^434. 
 
 National Board of Health— 141, 143. 
 
 College of Pharmacy — 92. 
 
 Government — i. 
 
 Intelligencer — 2, 7, 9, 22. 
 
 Medical Association — 419. 
 
 Medical Convention — 25. 
 
 University, Medical Department — 297. 
 Naval School, Annapolis — 214. 
 Navy, U. S.— 2, 117, 400, 413 (table), 423. 424. 
 Nuisances, Abatement of — 196. 
 Nurses — 145. 
 
 Directory — 145, 146, 441. 
 
 Training School, 145, 146, 201, 263. 
 Obituaries — 43. 
 
 Object of the Medical Society— 418. 
 Officers, Election of— 5, 8, 9, 13, 15, 4I9- 
 Ophthalmology — 280. 
 Opium Habit— 186, 195. 
 Orphans of Medical Men — 65. 
 Osteopathy— 137, 197, 201, 202. 
 Paris Exposition — 317. 
 Pasteur Monument — 184. 
 Patent Office — 17. Halftone, i. 
 Patents — 196. 
 
 Patients Shown to the Society — 53, 58. 
 Peary Relief Expedition — 343. 
 Pennsylvania Insurrection (1794) — 221. 
 Pension Bureau, U. S. — 118. 
 Perry's Flagship — 216. 
 Pharmacists — i, 53, 91, 93, 197, 200. 
 Pharmacopoeia — 24, 25, 190, 204. 
 Pharmacy, National College of — 92. 
 Photographs — See Portraits. 
 Phrenology — 148, 149, 222. 
 Physicians — i. 
 
 Deceased American — 256. 
 
 Testimony of — 169. 
 
 to the Poor — 196. 
 Physio-Medical School — 136. 
 Piedmont, W. Va., Factories — 158. 
 Plant Parasites — 318. 
 Plates— 58. 
 Plumbing — 187.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 45 1 
 
 Poisons — 93, i86, 196. 
 
 Police Surgeons — 200. 
 
 Portraits of Members — 97. 
 
 Postal Notices — 55. 
 
 Post Office— 17. 
 
 Potomac River — i. 
 
 Practice of Medicine, Legislation — 19, 133, 138, 418. 
 
 Preface, iii. 
 
 President of the Medical Society — 418, 419, 420, 421, 424, 425, 426, 427, 
 
 429, 430, 431, 434, 436, 437. 
 Prize Essays — 90, 194, 195. 
 Proprietary Medicines — 201. 
 
 Publication of Transactions of Medical Society — (>T, 194. 
 Quacks — 2, 5, 47. 
 Quorum— 435. 
 Rauscher's — 132. 
 Reading of Papers — s, 8. 
 Reciprocity with Maryland — 198. 
 Records of Births and Deaths — 195. 
 Records of Members — ^209. 
 Reference Publications — 210, 211. 
 Reinstatement in Membership — 439. 
 Reminiscences — 147, 152, 180. 
 Resignation from Membership — 424. 
 Resurrectionists — 116. 
 Reviewers — 63, 200. 
 Revolution of 1848—277. 
 Routine of Business — ^436, 440. 
 Rules of Order — 437. 
 Safe — 172. 
 Salaries — 122. 
 
 San Francisco Earthquake — 201. 
 
 Sanitary Inspection of U. S. Government Departments— 196. 
 Sanitary League — 155, 171, 172. 
 Sanitation — 64, 65, 132. 
 Scarlet Fever— 166, 167, 168. 
 School Children, Eyes of— 184, 188. 
 School Hygiene — 79. 
 Schools, Medical Inspection of — 191. 
 Schools and Colleges in District of Columbia — 409. 
 
 Columbian College — 18. 
 
 Gonzaga College — 18, 19. 
 
 Haskell's School — 17. 
 
 McPhail's School— 17.
 
 452 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 Scientific Work — 16. 
 
 Seal — 20, 23, 24, 428. 
 
 Seats on Platform — 126. 
 
 Secretary, Assistant Recording — 56, 124, 429. 
 
 Corresponding — 123, 419, 427, 428, 434. 
 
 Recording — 123, 418, 419, 422, 428, 429, 434, 439. 
 Sedimentation of Water — 157, 158. 
 Serums, Sale of — 195, 198. 
 Signing the Constitution — 209, 210. 
 Smallpox — 2T, 28, 29, 64, 166. 
 Smithsonian Institution — 26, 45, 66, 254, 256, 426. 
 Smoking — 204. 
 
 Societies, Medical — i, 2, 9, 24, 94, 183. 
 "Soldiers Rest" — 238. 
 South Carolina Medical School — 153. 
 Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association — 341. 
 Specimens Shown to Society — 53, 57, 194. 
 Spitting in Public — 190, 191. 
 Sputa, Disinfection of — 176. 
 "Star Route" — 314. 
 Statistics — 99, 107. 
 
 St. Barnabas Church, Maryland — 2i^(i. 
 Steamboats — 221. 
 Strother's Hotel — 7, 17. 
 
 Supervisors of the District of Columbia, Medical — 422. 
 Symphysiotomy — 310. 
 Suspension from Membership — 424. 
 Talmadge Hall— 96. 
 Testimony of Physicians — 169. 
 Textile Fibre from Palm — 287. 
 "Toner" Lectures — 256. 
 "Toner" Library — 256. 
 Towels— 58. 
 
 Training School for Nurses — 145, 146, 201, 263. 
 Transactions of Society — 16, 67. 
 Transit of Venus — 323. 
 Tray, Anatomical — 58. 
 
 Treasurer — 13, 20, 123, 419,' 421, 422, 428, 429, 437. 
 Tripolitan War — 215. 
 Trustees — 102, 103. 
 Tuberculosis — 176, 177, 196. 
 
 Typhoid Fever — 115, 140, 142, 153, 155, 158, 168, 178, 298, 302, 313. 
 Typhoon — 323. 
 Vaccination — 27, 28, 54.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 453 
 
 Vaccine Institute — 28. 
 
 Vaccine Virus — 28. 
 
 Vice-President of the Medical Society — 418, 419, 427, 429. 
 
 Viruses — 198. 
 
 Visitors — 435. 
 
 Vivisection — 181, 184, 194. 
 
 Commission — 181. 
 Voting— 195. 
 Washington Academy of Sciences — 186, 197, 202, 203, 204, 440. 
 
 Anthropological Society — 187, 199. 
 
 City— I. 
 
 Homeopathic Medical Society — 48, 117, 119, 135, 136, 137, 174, 201. 
 
 Library Company — 17. 
 
 Medical Institute — 215, 226. 
 
 Medical Society — 13. 
 
 Post — 50. 
 
 Sanitary Improvement Co. — 302. 
 
 Training School for Nurses — 145, 146. 
 Washstand — 58. 
 Water Meters — 164. 
 
 Water Supply — 153; 166, 196, 200, 241, 261, 302. 
 Whooping Cough — 168. 
 Widows of Medical Men— 65. 
 "Willard's"— 17. 
 Women, Diseases of — 232. 
 
 Members of Society — 120. 
 
 Physicians — 119. 
 Yellow Fever — 310, 323, 339, 344. 
 Young Ireland Party — 262.
 
 454 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 PERSONAL INDEX. 
 
 Abbe, Cleveland — 379. 
 
 F. M.—379. 
 Robert — 62. 
 
 Truman — 379, 431. Halftone, 66. 
 Abell, E. F. — 329. 
 
 Mary — 329. 
 Acker, G. N. — 91, 122, 134, 184, 185, 202, 314, 426. 427, 431, 432, 433, 441. 
 Halftone, 34. 
 
 Nicholas — 314. 
 Adams, A. C. — 303. Halftone, 31. 
 
 Abigail — 266. 
 
 B. B. — 307. Halftone, 29. 
 E. E.— 307. 
 
 G. R.— 312. 
 J. E.-397. 
 
 J. L. — 290. Halftone, 26. 
 J. L., Jr.— 290. 
 J. O.— 307. 
 J. Q-— 139, 215. 
 M. A.— 312. 
 
 R. D.— 388. Halftone, 73- 
 
 S. S. — 29, 38, 80, 91, 96, 106, 107, 132, 157, 166, 171, 172. 177, 179, 
 180, 201, 311, 398, 400, 427, 429, 431, 432, 433, 440, 441. Halftone, 
 
 33- 
 Addison, E. B. — 219. 
 Agassiz, Louis — 258. 
 Agnew, D. H. — 310. 
 A'Heron, T. M.— 374. 
 Alden, C. H.— 61. 
 Allen, Chas. — 54, 67, 267, 431. 
 
 C. L.-363. 
 C. W.— 391. 
 
 Allyn, L. M.— 260. 
 
 M. E.— 260. 
 Amery, S. A. — 279. ' '
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 455 
 
 Anderson, C. L. G. — 373. Halftone, 60. 
 
 G. W.-373. 
 
 W. M.— 373. 
 Andrews, Benoni — 369. 
 
 Samuel — 369. 
 Antisell, Christopher — 261. 
 
 Thomas — ix, 42, 57, 64, 65, 88, 90, 91, 96, 100, no, 117, 126, 146, 154, 
 208, 261, 273, 304, 418, 427, 428, 432, 433, 440. Halftones, 8, 18. 
 Armstrong, W. J. — 379. Halftone, 6^. 
 Arnold, J. S. — 390. Halftone, 74. 
 
 Wm. — 220, 427. 
 Ash, A. F.— 346. 
 Ashby, May — 326. 
 
 T. A.— 208. Halftone, 9. 
 Ashford, B. K.—63, 283. 
 
 F. A. — 26, 28, 29, 36, 39, 68, 74, 76, 241, 283, 301, 385, 426, 427, 429, 
 431, 432. Halftone, 24. 
 
 Mahlon— 283, 385. Halftone, 70. 
 Asquith, M. D.— 371. 
 Atkinson, W. B. — 210. 
 
 W. H.— 347. Halftone, 45. 
 Atwater, W. O.— 62. 
 Augusta, A. T. — 100. 
 Aulick, J. H.— 293. 
 
 R. v.— 293. Halftone, 27. 
 Austin, J. M. — 24s, 432. 
 Babcock, B. B.— 289. 
 Baggett, J. B.— 345- 
 Baier, G. K.— 376. Halftone, 61. 
 Bailey, D. G. P.— 393. 
 Bain, A. M.— 387. 
 
 S. B.— 387. Halftone, 72. 
 
 S. M.— 387. 
 Baird, S. F.— 258. 
 Baker, Frank— 183, 187, 321. 
 
 R. W.— 357, 431. Halftone, 5i- 
 
 S. S. W.— 321. 
 
 T. C— 321. 
 Baldwin, W. 0.-299. 
 Ball, C. A — ix, 374. Halftones, 62, 64. 
 
 E. A.— 374- 
 Robert— 374. 
 Balloch, E. A.— 38, 91, 176, 334, 427. 43i, 440, 441- Halftone, 40. 
 G. W.-334.
 
 456 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Baltimore (Lord) — 297. 
 
 Bancroft, George — 231. 
 
 Barbarin, F. S. — 274. Halftone, 32. 
 
 Barber, J. H. M. — 343. Halftone, 44. 
 
 Barker, H. H. — 36, 173, 296, 375, 441. Halftone, 28. 
 
 H. W. — 296, 375. Halftone, 63. 
 
 J. W.— 296. 
 
 S. A. R. H.— 296. 
 Barnes, E. L. — 347. 
 
 E. P.— 363. 
 
 J. D.— 289. 
 
 J. K— 45, 68, 208, 289. Halftone, 8. 
 
 N. P.— 93, 199. 363, 431- Halftone, 54. 
 
 S. M.-363. 
 Barnett, L. E. — 350. 
 Barnhart, G. S. — 394. 
 Barrie, George — 350. Halftone, 47. 
 Barry, Edmund — 365. Halftone, 58. 
 Barton, H. G.— 358. 
 
 W. H.-358. 
 
 W. M. — 358, 362, 399. Halftone, 49. 
 Bartsch, Anna — 121, 383. Halftone, 69. 
 Bascom, E. M.— 285. 
 
 W. F.— 285. 
 Battle, L. J.— 364. Halftone, 54. 
 Baum, Leonard — 268. 
 Baxter, J. H.— 318. 
 Bayly, A. H. — 317. 
 Bayne — 247. 
 
 J. B.-326. 
 
 J. H.-326. 
 
 J. W. — 326. Halftone, yj- 
 Beale, J. S. — 300, Z7Z, 432. Halftone, 30. 
 
 R. S. — 300, 2>1i- Halftone, 60. 
 
 Robert — 300. 
 Beall, B. M.— 303. 
 
 C. M.— 381. 
 Beans, Wm. — 207, 224. 
 Beatty, H. W.— 349. 
 
 L. K.-336. 
 Beckwith, T. D.— 63. 
 Behrend, Adajah— 280, 388. Halftone, 23. 
 
 E. B.— 62, 280, 388. Halftone, 72.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 457 
 
 Bell, A. G.— 332. 
 
 E. S.— 40. 
 
 L. I.— 332. 
 Belt, A. M.— 334. 
 
 E. O.— 39, 184, 334, 440. Halftone, 40. 
 J. L.— 334. 
 
 S. E. M.-334. 
 Bennett, A. B.— 380. Halftone, 65. 
 
 J. H.— 291. 
 Bermann, I. S. L. — ix, 184, 326. Halftone, 3^. 
 Berrien, J. M. — 250. 
 
 S. L.— 250. 
 Berry, M. A.— 315. 
 
 M. A. H.— 254. 
 
 Martha — 254. 
 
 P. T.-254. 
 
 W. H.— 254. Halftone, 17. 
 Berzelius, J. J. — 262. 
 Bethune, Cherry — 236. 
 
 F. G.— 236. 
 J. N.— 236. 
 
 Betzold (Miss)— 235. 
 
 Bigelow, H. R. — 313. 
 
 Billard, C. L.— 392. Halftone, y6. 
 
 Billings, J. S. — 59, 60, 157, 208. Halftone, 8. 
 
 Biot (chemist) — 262. 
 
 Bird, J. C— 315, 439- 
 
 Birtwell, D. T.— 390. Halftone, 74. 
 
 Biscoe, F. L. — 204, 379. Halftone, 66. 
 
 Bishop, F. B. — 331. Halftone, 39, 
 
 Bittinger, Chas. — 299. Halftone, 30. 
 
 Black, C. E.— 375- 
 
 J. C— 121. 
 Blackburn, I. W. — 59, 60, 62, 62,. 
 
 R. S.-377. 
 Blackistone (Governor) — 320. 
 
 H. A.-364. 
 Blair, David — 303. 
 
 F. P.— 311. 
 
 H. W.— 136. 
 
 Mina — 311. 
 
 Montgomery — 311. 
 Blake, E. T.— 224. 
 
 J. B. — II, 127, 128, 129, 213, 224, 429. Halftone, 11.
 
 45^ MEDIC AI, SOCIETY 
 
 Blake, J. H.— 3, 4, 5, 151, 213, 215, 219, 224, 427. 
 
 Joseph — 214. 
 
 L. C— 354- 
 
 L. M— 354. Halftone, 53. 
 
 M. H.— 214. 
 Blanchard, S. B. — 245. 
 Bliss, D. W. — no, 277. Halftone, 22. 
 Boarman, C. V. — 297. Halftone, 28. 
 Boerhaave, Hermann — 233. 
 Bogan, B. L.— 245. 
 
 F. M.— 269. 
 
 J. B.-245. 
 
 M. V. B.— 24s, 268, 269. Halftone, 15. 
 
 S. O.— 245. 
 
 S. W. — 245, 269. Halftone, 20. 
 Bogardas, A. J. — 369. 
 Boggs, W. C— 335. 
 
 Bohrer, B. H. — 3, 4, 5, 97, 149, 217, 228, 242, 428, 432, 433. Halftone, 10. 
 Bolton, B. M.— 63. 
 Bond, S. R.— 356. 
 
 S. S.— 57, 95, 275, 439. Halftone, 22. 
 Boone, A. H. — 224. 
 
 Francis — 224. 
 
 M. S.— 224. 
 Booth, Elizabeth — 213. 
 Borden, D. J. — 397. 
 
 M. L. C— 397. 
 
 W. C. — 61, 62, 91, 131, 187, 397. 
 Borland, A. J. — 265. Halftone, 19. 
 Borrows, Joseph— 11, 25, 34, 47, 55, 65, 74, 127, 147, 148, 149, 150. 152, 
 
 227, 264, 289, 419, 426, 429, 432, 433. Halftone, 12. 
 Boss, R. D. — 344. Halftone, 45. 
 Bostwick, E. A. — 293. 
 
 W. H.— 293. 
 Boswell, A. W.— 366. Halftone, 55. 
 
 E. V. B.-27S. 
 Bourdounay, J. de — 397. 
 Bovee, J. W.— 325, 427, 431, 433, 440. Halftone, 37. 
 
 S. E. R.— 325. 
 
 W. H.-325. 
 Bowen, C. H. — 276. Halftone, 22. 
 
 J. G.— 276. 
 
 W. S.— 337 431. 432. Halftone, 41.
 
 DISTRICT OF COIvUMBIA 459 
 
 Bowie, M. M.— 237. 
 
 Walter — 237. 
 Boyd, G. W.— 387. Halftone, 71. 
 Boyle, C. B.— 235, 348. 
 
 Cornelius— 127, 235, 348, 427, 432. Halftone, 13. 
 
 John— 235. 
 Brackett, E. A. R.— 306. 
 
 J. E. — 190, 306. Halftone, 29. 
 
 L. S.—306. 
 Bradfield, A. E. H.— 343- 
 
 C. H.-343. 
 
 J. D.— 343. Halftone, 45. 
 Bradley, A. T.— 86, 88. 
 
 J. H.-85. 
 
 J. H., Jr.Se. 
 
 W. A.— 258. Halftone, 18. 
 Brady, Margaret — 308. 
 Brayshaw, J. L. — 336. 
 Brecht, N. D.— 394. Halftone, 76. 
 Breneman, A. N. — 283. 
 
 E. VV.— 283. Halftone, 25. 
 
 M. D.— 283. 
 Brewer, Nicholas — 310. 
 Briggs, J. B— 385, 431. 
 Briscoe, W. C. — 296, 428. Halftone, 28. 
 Brockenbrough, Austin — 306. Halftone, 67. 
 
 J. F.-306. 
 Bromwell, J. R.— 316, 433. 
 Brooke, Henry — 319. 
 Brooks, F. V.— 345. Halftone, 45. 
 
 J- J.— 345- 
 
 Maria— 345- 
 
 Preston — 236. 
 Brown, A. R. — 289. 
 
 Bedford— ix, 61, 208, 279. Halftones, 9, 23. 
 
 C. E.— 332. 
 
 C. K.-338. 
 
 C. W.— 332, 338. Halftone, 41. 
 
 D. W.-338. 
 
 E. W.— 379- 
 
 G. A.— 220, 433. 
 H. E. — 210. 
 Wm. — 220. 
 Browne, R. T.— 249.
 
 460 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Bruckheimer, Moses — 296. 
 Brumbaugh, A. B. — 332. 
 
 G. M.— 332. Halftone, 40. 
 Bryan, A. B. — 325. 
 
 J. H.— 38, 80, 91, 176, 325, 427, 431. Halftone, ^tl- 
 
 L. S. H.-325. 
 Buchanan, C. M. — 345. 
 
 James — 144, 280. 
 Buck, A. M.— 285. Halftone, 24. 
 
 J. R.-395. 
 
 L. A.— 280. 
 Buckingham, Florence — 292. 
 
 Bulkley, J. W. — 271, 427, 432, 433. Halftone, 19. 
 Bullitt, J. O.— 199- 
 Burgess, Rosella — 388. 
 
 Wm.— 334. 
 Burgoyne, John — 255. 
 Burke, C. A.— 236. 
 
 Richard — 236. 
 Burnett, S. W. — 145, 186, 197, 308, 426, 427, 440, 441. Halftone, 32. 
 Burns, Belle — 299. 
 
 P. R. A.— 299. 
 
 W. W.— 299. 
 Burnside, A. E. — 293. 
 Burton, G. C. — 375. Halftone, 60. 
 Busey, John — 241. 
 
 R. C— 241. 
 
 S. C. — iii, iv, vii, viii, I, 14, 26, 28, Z'2, 2>7, 38, 39, 44, 65, 68, 69, 
 70, 71, 75, 76, 79, 88, 90, 95, 96, 97, 102, 103, 104, no, 117. 120, 122, 
 124, 126, 130, 133, 136, 157, 160, 161, 167, 169, 170, 171, 174, 176, 
 180, 182, 183, 184, 240, 280, 284, 296, 301, 306, 398, 417, 426, 427, 
 429, 431, 432, 433, 439, 440. Halftone, 14. 
 Butler, Florence — 343. 
 
 J. G.-336. 
 
 S. W.— 210. 
 
 W. K. — 40, 2)2)'^, 427. Halftone, 42. 
 Butt, Proverb — 259. 
 
 Richard — 259. 
 
 W. B.— 258, 259. 
 Byrns, C. M.— 315. 
 
 Jeremiah — 315. 
 
 W. F. — ix, 315. Halftone, 34. 
 Cabell, J. M.— 395. Halftone, 79. 
 Cady, W. F. — 294. Halftone, 27.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 46 1 
 
 Caldwell, C. T— 327. 
 
 S. W.— 286. 
 
 W. A.— 361. 
 Callan, C. V. N.— 289. Halftone, 26. 
 Canfield, Herman — 60. 
 Cannon, W. F. — 360. 
 Capehart, B. A. — 337. Halftone, 42. 
 Carley, Catherine — 380. 
 Carmichael, E. H. — 247. 
 
 R. B. — 359. Halftone, 53. 
 Carpenter, J. E.— 353- 
 Carr, L. P. — 342. 
 
 W. B.— 342, 397. 
 
 W. P. — 177, 342, 397, 431. Halftone, 44. 
 Carrico, A. J.— 375. 
 
 A. P. D.— 375. 
 
 T. A.-37S. 
 Carroll, J. J. — 340. 
 
 J. M.— 134, 135, 348. 
 
 James — 46. 
 Carter, G. O.— 342. 
 Carvallo, Carlos — 276. 
 Castelli, E. G.— 376. 
 Cattell, J. M.— 211. 
 
 Causin, N. P. — 11, 17, 54, 107, 149, 150, 221, 224, 228, 427, 428, 429, 432. 
 Causten, J. H. — 234. 
 Chadwick, D. C— 376. Halftone, 63. 
 Chamberlin, F. T.— 266, 345. Halftone, 46. 
 
 J. A. — 266, 345. Halftone, 20. 
 Chapman, J. S. — 268. 
 
 Nathaniel — 44, 207. Halftone, 7. 
 Chappell, J. W.— 202, 204, 345, 427, 43 1. 433- Halftone, 46. 
 Charles I (of England) — 237. 
 Chase, Jonathan — 255. 
 Chausepie, J. H. — 207. Halftone, 7. 
 Chew, T. J.— 378. 
 Chipman, Mary — 242. 
 Chisholm, J. J. — 340. 
 Choate, Mary — 222. 
 
 Rufus — 283. 
 
 Rufus (of Mass.)— 222. 
 Christie, Arthur — 293, 432. 
 
 F. C— 264. 
 Clagett. Thomas— 241.
 
 462 MEDIC AI, SOCIETY 
 
 Clark, C. H.— 380. 
 
 C. R.— 346. Halftone, 46. 
 
 J. N.— 289. Halftone, 25, 
 
 Taliaferro — 355. 
 
 W. E. — 392. Halftone, 74. 
 Clarke, George— 3, 4, 5, 217, 219, 225, 432. 
 Claughton, Blanche — 320. 
 
 H. O.— 320. 
 Clay, C. M.— 271. 
 
 Henry — 7. 
 Claytor, T. A.— 93, 177, 357, 427, 431. Halftone, 50. 
 Cleary, Robert — 263. Halftone, 18. 
 Cleaveland, Parker — 207. 
 Coburn, H. C. — 390. 
 Coe, Anton — 352. 
 Coggeshall, G. A. — 339. 
 Cole, G. R. L.— 352. 
 
 J. T.-355, 431. 
 
 M. E.— 321. 
 
 S. A. W.-352. 
 
 T. W.-352. 
 Collins (Dr.) — 149. 
 
 C. R. — 340. Halftone, 44. 
 
 Treacher — 389. 
 Combs, W. H.— 268. Halftone, 21. 
 Compton, W. P. — 345. Halftone, 46. 
 Condict, H. F.— 11, 228. 
 Coney, Daniel — 207. 
 Conner, S. K. — 378. 
 Cook, E. V. M. L.— 312. 
 
 G. Wythe— V, ix, 29, 53, 88, 90, 91, 122, 131, 132, 134, 136, 153, 157, 
 160, 163, 164, 167, 169, 171, 185, 189, 199, 312, 390, 426, 427, 428, 431, 
 432, 433, 440, 441- Halftone, 2^. 
 
 Giles — 312. 
 
 R. L.— 313, 390. Halftone, 74. 
 Cooke, Mordecai — 312. 
 Coolidge, C. H. — 299. 
 
 Susan — 299. 
 
 R. H.— 250. 
 Coombe, J. G. — 235. 
 Cooper, Astley — 229. 
 
 Isaac — 271. 
 Copeland, E. P.— 376. Halftone, 62.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 463 
 
 Corey, C. E. C— 369. 
 
 G. B.—369. Halftone, 58. 
 
 Giles — 369. 
 
 I. P.— 369. 
 
 J. W.-369. 
 
 Montague — 369. 
 Cornish, Mabel— 356. 
 Cornwallis, Charles — 255. 
 Cosby, Spencer — 63. 
 Coues, Elliott— 272, 309. 
 Coumbe, O. H.— 354. Halftone, 50. 
 Cox, C. C. — vii, 68, 69, 70, no, 112. 
 
 J. T.-348. 
 
 S. C— 373- Halftone, 63. 
 Cragin, C. H. — 236. Halftone, 14. 
 
 H. H.— 236. 
 
 Isaiah — 236. 
 Craig, B. F. — 100, 117, 246. Halftone, 15. 
 
 Eliot— 267. 
 
 H. K.— 246. 
 Craigen, J. S.— 278. 
 
 W. J.— 278, 398. 
 Craik, James — 220. 
 Cranch, Wm. — 10. 
 Crandall, H. S.— 353- 
 Crane, C. H.— 45, 208. Halftone, 8. 
 Craven, E. R.— 223, 430. 
 
 John— 223. 
 Crawford, C. A.— 383. 
 Crittenden, Alice — 242. 
 
 T. B.— 361. 
 Croggon, R. C. — 264, 440. Halftone, 27. 
 Croghan, Patrick — 272. 
 Crook, F. A.— 375. 
 
 Harrison — 311, Halftone, 33. 
 
 Luanna — 375. 
 Crosson, H. J. (first)— 242. 
 
 H. J. (second) — 352. Halftone, 48. 
 Crouse, J. L.— 281. 
 Crush, B. A.— 121, 382. Halftone, 68. 
 Culver, F. B.—65, 258, 259. 
 Curriden, G. A.— 382. 
 Cutbush, Edward— 148, 221, 427, 432. 
 Cuthbert, M. F.— 324.
 
 4^4 MEDICAX SOCIETY 
 
 Cutts, H. M. — 322, 429, 432, 440. 
 Dabney, Virginius — 390. Halftone, 74. 
 Da Costa, J. C.—63. 
 Dailey, O. A. — 279. 
 Daly (Surgeon) — 261. 
 
 Margaret — 261. 
 Darnall, M. H.— 395. Halftone, 76. 
 Davidson, E. M. — 267. 
 
 John — 309. 
 
 M. L.— 309. 
 Davis, A. M. — 11, 150, 227. 
 
 C. L.-384. 
 
 J. W.— 264. 
 
 Jefferson — ^244. 
 
 P. C— 264. 
 Dawes, Frederick — 229. Halftone, 12. 
 Dawson, C. F. — 61. 
 
 Deale, H. B.— 333, 431, 434. Halftone, 39. 
 Deeble, H. M.— 350. 
 De Lacy, W. H. — ^201. 
 Dench, E. B. — 62. 
 Denny, M. A. B.— 216. 
 Desmarres, L. A. — 239, 280. 
 Devereux, J. R. — 369. 
 De Witt, Calvin— 131. 
 Dexter, E. A. — ^269. 
 
 J. E.— 267. 
 Dick, E. C. — 219, 220. 
 Dickey, J. L. — 361. 
 Dieffenbach — 235. 
 Digges, Edward — 238. 
 
 Nora — 238. 
 
 W. D.— 238. 
 Dillenback, W. J. — 340. Halftone, 44. 
 Disraeli, Benjamin — 369. 
 Dix, Dorothea — 254. 
 Dixon, H. M.— 381. Halftone, 67. 
 
 T. B.— 382. 
 Dolph, J. N. — 104. 
 
 Donnally, H. H. — 384, 441. Halftone, 70. 
 Donohue, Florence — 355. Halftone, 51. 
 Dooley, F. X. — 334. Halftone, 42. 
 Dorsey, J. S.— 378. Halftone, 64. 
 
 P. S. — 219, 223.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 465 
 
 Dove, G. M.— 239, 269, 427, 432. Halftone, 14. 
 
 IMargaret — 239. 
 
 Marmaduke — 239. 
 Dovilliers, L. V. — 248. 
 Dowling, Thomas — 368, 431. Halftone, 78. 
 Drake, F. S. — 210. 
 Draper, A. T.— 281. 
 
 L. J. — 281. Halftone, 23. 
 
 Samuel — 281. 
 Drawbaugh, E. H. — 355. 
 
 J- A.— 355. 
 
 s. 0.-355. 
 
 Drinkard, M. F. M.— 280. 
 
 W. B. — 39, 42, 95, 100, 102, 241, 280, 428, 431, 440. Halftone, 23. 
 
 W. R.— 280. 
 Dryburgh, A. P. — 309. 
 Duckett, Richard — 237. 
 Duffey, H. C— 362. Halftone, 55. 
 Dufour, C. R.— 184 346. Halftone, 45. 
 
 J. F. R.-346. 
 Du Hamel, W. J. C— 247. Halftone, 15. 
 Dulaney, J. L.— 34i- 
 Dulin, E. A. — 291. Halftone, 26. 
 Dumas, J. B. A. — 262. 
 Duncanson, H. A. — 304. Halftone, 31. 
 
 J. A. M.— 304. 
 Dunlop, John — 387. Halftone, 72. 
 Dunn, J. W. — 327. Halftone, 69. 
 Dunne, A. B. — See Bartsch. 
 
 H. E.-383. 
 Durfee, R. B.— 376. 
 Duvall, H. M.— 275. 
 
 W. T. S.— 294. 
 Dye, H. S.— 353, 431- Halftone, 50. 
 Dyer, J. I. — 240. 
 Ealin, J. E. E.— 47- 
 Edelin, J. B.— 240, 251. 
 
 Edes, R. T.— 134, 135, 328, 440. Halftone, z6. 
 Edmonston, W. E. — 90. 
 Edwards, L. A.— 257. Halftone, 16. 
 
 L. B.-75. 
 Eels, M. C— 346. 
 Egbert, E. H.— 396. Halftone, 79- 
 
 30
 
 466 MEDIC AI, SOCIETY 
 
 Elder, M. C— 231. 
 
 M. S.— 231. 
 
 Wm. — 231. 
 Eliot, Andrew — ^233. 
 
 J. L.— V, ix, 40, 171, 233, 316, 390, 427, 431, 432, 440, 441. Halftone, 34. 
 
 John— 233. 
 
 Johnson— 28, 54, 57, 64, 92, 116, 129, 133, 152, 233, 290, 301, 316, 341, 
 426, 429, 432, 434, 435. Halftone, 13. 
 
 Johnson, Jr.— 233, 341. Halftone, 43- 
 
 M. L.— 390. 
 Elliot, G. H.— 156. 
 Elliott, Alexander — 342. 
 
 C. V.-338. 
 
 H. R.— 382. Halftone, 68. 
 
 M. E.-338. 
 
 M. L. S.— 342. 
 
 Ray— 342. 
 
 (Col.)— 261. 
 Ellyson, R. M.— 336. 
 Ellzey, M. G.— 59. 
 Elzey, Arnold — 5, 149, 219, 427. 
 Emery, M. G. — 108. 
 Emmons, C. M. — 379. 
 Emory, Matilda — 281. 
 
 Thomas — 281. Halftone, 23. 
 
 W. A.— 281. 
 English, K. L. — 361. 
 Entwyssel, Bertine — 261. 
 Erbach, Amelia — 120, 237, 431, 
 Erving, E. ly. — 121, 386, 389. Halftone, J2. 
 
 W. G.— 386, 389- Halftone, 70. 
 Evans, Warwick — 266. Halftone, 19. 
 Everett, Chas. — 243. 
 
 H. F.— 40. 
 
 S. W.— 243, 398. 
 Eversfield, W. O. — ^310. 
 Ewell, James — 151. 
 
 Thomas — 151. 
 Ewing, F. C. — 338. Halftone, 42. 
 Fahnestock (Dr.) — 230. 
 Fairfax, Orlando — 15, 225, 432. 
 
 Thomas — 225. 
 Farquhar, R. R.— 377. Halftone, 61. 
 Feinour, T. E. W.— 235.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 467 
 
 Fenwick, G. P.— 266, 434. Halftone, 21. 
 
 John — 266. 
 
 Philip— 266. 
 Ferguson, C. E. — 368. Halftone, 57. 
 Fernald, F. C. — 322, 440. 
 Fillebrown, J. P.— 382. Halftone, 68. 
 Filler, C. W.— 358. 
 Finney, J. M. T.— 63. 
 Fisher, A. K. — 378. 
 
 D. W.— 378. 
 
 Howard — 378, 441. Halftone, 64. 
 
 Joshua — 207. 
 
 R. A. — 391. Halftone, 74. 
 Fitch, A. C— 388. Halftone, 73. 
 
 G. A. — 290. 
 Fitzhugh, M. E. — 242. 
 
 Fletcher, Robert — 61, 62, 208. Halftone, 10. 
 Flick, L. h.—63. 
 Flint, Austin — 284. 
 Foley, T. M. — 391. Halftone, 74. 
 Force, C. F.— 251. 
 
 Ford, C. M.— 59, 85, 267, 431, 432, 440. Halftone, 21. 
 Forrest, M. T.— 217. 
 
 N. B.— 251. 
 Forry, Samuel — 230. 
 Forsythe, A. D. — 371. 
 
 B. G.-371. 
 M. L.— 371- 
 M. S.— 263. 
 R. A.— 263. 
 
 Foster, G. W— 365. 
 
 J. D.— 306. 
 Fowler, E. L. — 369. 
 
 E. W.— 368. 
 
 H. A.— 383. Halftone, 68. 
 
 W. C. — 339. Halftone, 49. 
 Fox, W. H. — ^334. Halftone, 39. 
 Foye, A. F. — 121, 370. Halftone, 58. 
 France, J. M. D. — 275. 
 Frankland, W. A.— 389. Halftone, 73. 
 Franklin, Benjamin — 246. 
 
 E. T. M.— 394. 
 Franzoni, A. D. — 298. 
 
 C. W. — V, ix, 48, 79, 92, 152, 169, 209, 298, 398, 429, 441. Half- 
 tone, 29.
 
 468 MEDICAID SOCIETY 
 
 Franzoni, Carlo — 298. 
 
 J. C.-298. 
 Fremont-Smith, Frank — 386. 
 French, A. R. — 315. 
 
 L. H.— 366. 
 
 Robert — 3, 5, 216. 
 
 W. B.— 350, 431, 434. 
 
 W. J.-397. 
 Friedrich, L,. L. — 91, 318, 434. 
 Fry, H. D. — 49, 309, 427, 432, 440. Halftone, 32. 
 
 H. W.— 309. 
 
 Joshua — 309. 
 
 Samuel — 381. 
 Frye, T. B. J.— 25, 235, 417. 
 Fuchs, Henrietta — 296. 
 Fuller, G. W.— 163. 
 
 H. G.-387. 
 Gallagher, M. F. — 370. 
 Gallaudet, E. M.— 61, 187. 
 Gannon, J. A. — 395. Halftone, "JT. 
 Gardner, J. N. — 342. 
 Garfield, J. A— 45, 277, 282, 288. 
 
 Garnett, A. Y. P. — ix, 26, 28, 29, 34, 96, 124, 126, 127, 133, 152, 244, 426, 
 427, 432, 434. Halftones, 15, 78. 
 
 A. Y. P., Jr.— 45, 24^. 
 
 M. W. B.— 244. 
 
 Muscoe — 244.. 
 Gassaway, J. M. — 303. 
 Geddings, H. D. — 91, 
 Gesner, Brower — 274. 
 Gibbons, J. L. — 263. Halftone, 67. 
 Gibney, V. P.— 62. 
 Gibson, F. E. — 373. Halftone, 62. 
 
 F. M.— 362. 
 Gill, W. T.-337. 
 Gilman, D. C. — 131. 
 Gilpatric, E. A. — 344. 
 Girard, Charles — 258. Halftone, 16. 
 Gladmon, Edwin — 362. 
 Glazebrook, L. W.— 185, 348, 431, 434. 
 
 O. A.— 348. 
 
 V. C. K. S.— 348. 
 Gledhill, Annie — 365. 
 Gleeson, J. K. P. — 297. Halftone, 28.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 
 
 469 
 
 Godding, Alvah — 324. 
 
 M. W.— 324. 
 
 W. W.— 59, 165, 324. Halftone, 37. 
 Goodall, H. S.— 346. 
 Goodyear, Charles — 315. 
 Gordon, G. E. — 61. 
 Gore, D. A.— 368. 
 Gorgas, W. C.— 62. 
 Gould, A. M.— 189. 
 
 George— 255. 
 
 J. T.-2SS. 
 
 Philander — 238. 
 Graham, D. C. — 333. 
 
 M. G.— 333- 
 
 N. D.— 333, 377- 
 
 N. F.— 333, 377. Halftone, 39. 
 
 R. H.-374. 
 
 Grant, U. S.— 265. 
 
 Grasty, T. S. D.— 375. Halftone, 62. 
 
 Gray, C. A. (first) — 292. 
 
 C. A. (second) — 245. 
 
 Henry — 285. 
 
 L. C— 208. Halftone. 8. 
 Grayson, J. C. — 258, 430. 
 Green, M. L. — 249. 
 
 W. A. — 249. 
 Greene, Fannie — 236. 
 
 S. H.-373. 
 
 William — 236. 
 Grenfell, W. F.— 62. 
 Grieves, M. V. 
 Griffith, J. R. W.~366. 
 
 J. T.-366. 
 
 L. A.— 198. 
 
 Monte — 366, 431, 441. Halftone, 56. 
 
 Samuel — 231. 
 Grinder, G. W.— 328. 
 Groover, T. A. — 377, 441. Halftone, 62. 
 Gross, S. D.— 152, 253. 
 Groux, E. A.— 59. 
 Grubh, John — 367. 
 Grymes, J. M. — 253. 
 Guiteau, C. J.— 288. 295, 300, 314. 
 Gunion, J. P.— 378. Halftone, 61.
 
 470 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Gunnell, J. S. — II, 224, 430. 
 
 Gustine, J. T.— 5, 218. 
 
 Gwynn, W. C.— 376. 
 
 Hagner, C. E.— 58, 70, 292, 364, 426, 427, 431, 432. 
 
 D. R.— 28, 54 57, 85, 95, 109, no, 133, 152, 250, 293, 426, 427, 432, 
 434. Halftone, 16. 
 
 F. R.— 292, 364, 434, 441. Halftone, 55. 
 
 Peter — 250. 
 Hall, A. J.— 333- Halftone, 40. 
 
 J, C— II, IS, 25, 27, 34, 8s, 86, 107, 127, 129, 152, 228, 232, 426. 427, 
 429, 432. Halftone, 12. 
 
 M. D.— 333- 
 
 S. K.-333. 
 Halsted, W. S.— 63. 
 Hamersly, T. H. S.— 210. 
 Hamill, H. B.— 38s. 
 Hamilton, C. B. — 106, 223. 
 
 J. B.— 79, 134, 166, 167, 244, 295, 319, 397, 427. Halftone, 36. 
 
 R. A.— 63, 397. 
 Hamlin, Hannibal — 102. 
 Hammett, C. M.— 115, 155, 320, 353, 434. Halftone, 35. 
 
 C. M., Jr. — 320, 353. Halftone, 50. 
 
 Robt. — 320. 
 
 Whit. — 320. 
 Hammond, T. V. — 320. Halftone, 3S. 
 
 W. A. — 60, 233. 
 Hanawalt, G. P.— 288. 
 Handy, W. E. — 327. 
 
 Wm. — 239. 
 Hannon, C. E. — 344. 
 
 E. M. L.— 344- 
 S. L.— 344- 
 
 Hansmann, B. L. W. T. — 2S0, 2S1. Halftone, 16. 
 
 Hanson, C. A. C. — 217. 
 
 Hardin, B. L.— 368. Halftone, 57. 
 
 Harding, H. T.— 35s. Halftone, si- 
 
 Harlan, L. D.— 282. 
 
 Harrington, F. E. — 390. Halftone, 78. 
 
 Harris, I. G. — 136. 
 
 J. O.— 275, 300. 
 
 Robert — 275, 300. 
 Harrison, B. H. — 396. Halftone, 79. 
 
 Elisha — s, 2x8. 
 
 G B. — 40, 316, 440, 441. Halftone, 34.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 47 1 
 
 Harrison, J. H. — 217. 
 
 John— 3, 5, 217. 
 
 M. R.— 316. 
 
 W. B.— 316. 
 
 W. H.— 144- 
 Hartigan, J. F. — 40, 79, 152, 295, 431, 432. Halftone, 28. 
 Hasbrouck, A. W. M.— 364. 
 
 C. L.— 364. 
 
 E. M.— 364. Halftone, 55. 
 Haslet, Jennie — 346. 
 
 John— 346. 
 
 Joseph — 346. 
 Haslup, Alice — ix. 
 
 Isabel {See Lamb, I. H.) — ix, 121, 288, 367. Halftone, 56. 
 
 J. W.-367. 
 
 S. H.-367. 
 Haw, J. S. — 254. 
 Hawkes, W. H. — 331, 440. 
 Hayes, H. L.— 34i, 429- 
 Hazen, Allen — 163. 
 
 D. B.— 304. 
 
 D. H. — 304. Halftone, 31. 
 
 H. H.-305. 
 
 S. D.— 304. 
 Healey, T. M.— 22, 299. 
 Heard, J. T.— 136. 
 Heger, Anthony— 353. Halftone, 53. 
 Heiberger, I. J.— 40, 120, 340, 431, 434- Halftone, 43- 
 Heinecke, G. B.— 356. Halftone, 50. 
 Heitmuller (Miss) — 303. 
 
 A. C. T.— 389. 
 
 G. H.— 389. Halftone, 72. 
 
 H. H.-389. 
 Hellen, B. J.— 258, 259. 
 Heller, J. M.— 393. Halftone, 76. 
 
 Joseph— 393. 
 
 P. F.— 393. 
 Henderson, Alexander — 214. 
 
 Archibald — 214. 
 
 George — 346. Halftone, 45. 
 
 Thomas— 3, 4, 5. 8, 9, 41, 54. 148, 214, 228, 251, 429, 432. 
 
 William — 346. 
 Henning, Carl— 395. 
 
 R. E.— 342. Halftone, 43.
 
 472 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Henry VIII— 248. 
 
 Henry, Joseph — 45, 66, 138. 
 
 Herbert, J. W. — 269. Halftone, 20. 
 
 Herring, Rudolph — 163. 
 
 Hewson, T. T.— 207. 
 
 Hickling, D. P. — 131, 163, 164, 177, 201, 322, 431, 441. Halftone, 36. 
 
 S. A. — 322. 
 Higgins, D. L.— 340. 
 Hill, F. H.— 246, 253. 
 
 R. S.-335. 
 Himmel, J. J. — 19. 
 Hine, L. G.— 359- 
 
 M. C.-3S9. 
 Hirst, A. R.— 297. 
 
 Wm. — 297. 
 Hoadley, A. M.— 382. Halftone, 69. 
 Hodges, J. W.— 387. Halftone, 73. 
 Hodgson, F. E. — 308. 
 
 Hoehling, A. A.— 315, 434. Halftone, 78. 
 Hofifman. Catharine — 217. 
 Elizabeth — 217. 
 John — 217. 
 R. K.— 250. 
 Hogan, K. S.— 359- 
 Holden, C. G.— 320. 
 
 R. T.— V, ix, 320, 431, 434, 441. Halftone, 35. 
 Thomas — 320. 
 Holland, J. H. — 391. Halftone, 75. 
 Hollister, L. W. — 312. 
 Holmead, Anthony — 234, 429, 430. 
 Holmes, Mary — 121, 383. Halftone, 68. 
 Holston, J. G. F.— 264. Halftone, 27. 
 
 J. G. F, Jr.— 264. 
 Holt, L. E.— 60. 
 Honeyman, E. L. — 305. 
 Margaret — 305. 
 Robert — 305. 
 Hood, James. — 335. 
 
 T. B.— 68, 335. Halftone, 40. 
 Hooe, A. B.— 366. 
 Bernard — 291. 
 M. E. — 231, 291. 
 Hoover, C. A. — ix, 308. Halftones, 29, 67.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 473 
 
 Hopkins, Archibald — 38. 
 
 Armstrong — 61. 
 
 G. N.—267. 
 
 J. E.— 375- 
 Horner, Wm. — 231, 
 Horsley, S. C.—3, 5, 216. 
 Hough, W. H.— 385. 
 Howard, A. L. — 267. 
 
 C. N.— 380. Halftone, 66. 
 
 Flodoardo— 25, 26, 34, 54, 64, 65, 85, 92, 95, 97, 151, 232, 251, 291, 
 419, 427, 430, 432. Halftone, 13. 
 
 H. P.— 47, 238, 428, 429. 
 
 Henry — 232. 
 
 J- T.— 55, 133, 267, 336, 434, 440. Halftone, 19. 
 
 J. T. D.— 267, 336, 431. Halftone, 41. 
 
 O. O.— 299. 
 
 Robertson — 232, 291. Halftone, 26. 
 
 S. W.-394. 
 Howland, G. T.— 362. 
 Howie (Miss) — 247. 
 Hoxie, R. L. — 141. 
 Hoxton, W. W. — 232, 295. 
 Hrdlicka, Ales. — 62, 63, 200. 
 Hubbard, N. W.— 59. 
 Hudson, W. L. — 309. Halftone, 32. 
 Hughes, W. D.— 350. Halftone, 48. 
 Hull, T. Y.— 371. 
 Hume, Howard — 395. 
 Hummer, H. R.— 386. 
 Hunt, A. L. — 390. Halftone, 71. 
 
 H. J.-246. 
 
 P. C— 351, 398, 431- Halftone, 47. 
 
 Reid— 365. 
 Hunter, Montgomery — 378. Halftone, 63. 
 Huntington, D. L. — 61. 
 
 Huntt, Henry — 3, 4, 5, 11, 17, 24, 106, 149, 214, 226, 427, 428. 
 Hurtt, Harry — 370. Halftone, 58. 
 
 J. W.-370. 
 
 M. E. W.— 370. 
 Hutton, George — 344. 
 
 H. E.— 344. 
 Hyatt, Franck — 91. 310, 427, 432, 434. Halftone, 58. 
 Hyde, C. W.— 389. Halftone, 71. 
 
 Eliphalet— 335.
 
 474 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 Hyde, Mary— 335. 
 
 Hynson, L. M. — 389. Halftone, "72. 
 
 L. W. T.— 389. 
 
 N. T.— 389. 
 Ingalls, J. J.— 134. 
 Irwin, J. (Dr.)— 273- 
 Iseman, Gertrude — 355. 
 Jack, W. A.— 375- Halftone, =;9- 
 Jackson, Andrew — 148, 228. 
 
 Cordelia — ix. 
 
 J. B. S.-15. 
 
 James — 207. Halftone, 7. 
 
 T. J.-236. 
 
 V. B. — 83, 362, 440, 441. Halftone, 54. 
 Jacobi, Abraham — 61, 62, 208. Halftone, 10. 
 Jacobs, Thomas — 251. 
 Jaisohn, Philip— 356. 
 James, C. H.— 377- Halftone, 64. 
 
 Florence — 317. 
 Jefferson, Thomas — 265. 
 Jenner, N. R. — 2>72i- Halftone, (y^. 
 Jewett, H. M. — 379. Halftone, 65. 
 Johnson, A. E. — 344. Halftone, 46. 
 
 C. B.-357. 
 
 E. E.— 315. 
 
 Flora— 343. 
 
 H. L.-315. 
 
 H. L. E.— 27, 91, 166, 190, 199, 315, 432, 441. Halftone, 34. 
 
 J. T.— 3, 5. 216. 
 
 J. Taber— 49, 91, 284, 374, 426, 427, 432, 437, 441. Halftone, 24. 
 
 Jeremiah — 284. 
 
 L. A. — 351. Halftone, 48. 
 
 L. B. T.— 284, 374. 
 
 L. D.— 284. 
 
 M. B.— 284. 
 
 P. B. A.— 391. Halftone, 75. 
 
 R. M.-13. 
 
 Richmond — li, 106, 150, 151, 225, 429. 
 
 S. M. H.-357. 
 
 Thomas — 225, 367. 
 
 Wallace — 356, 380. 
 Johnston, Andrew — 231. 
 
 A. M.— 231. 
 
 G. B.-€3.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 475 
 
 Johnston, G. W. — 80, 231, 291, 323, 431, 441. 
 
 James — 231. 
 
 Thomas — 259. 
 
 W. B.— 291, 381. 
 
 W. P.— 26, 27, 28, 42, 64, 67, 84, 8s, 87, 95, 97, 107, no, 117, 231, 
 277, 278, 291, 323, 419, 426, 427, 432, 440. Halftone. 13. 
 
 W. W. — iii, iv, V, 3, 16, 29, 38, 39, 72, 74, 'jd, 80, 82, 90. 91, 96, 97, 
 100, 115, 136, 142, 143, 145. 152, IS4, 155, 157, 163, 167, 172, 184, 
 185, 187, 231, 241, 291, 310, 381, 426, 427, 429, 431, 440, 441- Half- 
 tone, 26. 
 
 and Brown — 211. 
 Jones, Anna — 240. 
 
 (Dr.)-i49. 
 
 G. I.-393- 
 
 I. M.— 295. 
 
 V. C— 290. 
 
 W. B.— 295. 
 
 Walter — 227, 290. 
 
 Wm.— 3, 4, 5, II, 2,Z, 65, 96, 151, 215, 219, 227, 426, 427, 429, 432. 
 Halftone, 11. 
 Jordan, E. A.— 288. 
 
 J. C— 288. 
 Judd and Detweiler — 68. 
 Jung, F. A. R.— 358, 364. Halftone, 54. 
 
 Herman — 364. 
 
 Marie — 364. 
 
 S. A. N.— 358, 364. Halftone, 53- 
 Junghans, J. H. — 355. Halftone, 51. 
 Kane, Robert — 261. 
 Karpeles, S. R. — 380. Halftone, 66. 
 Kastle, J. H.— 63. 
 Kaufman, H. M. — 394. 
 Kaveney, J. J. — 391. 
 Kearney, J. A. — 239. 
 Keasbey, J. W. — 258, 259. Halftone, 18. 
 Kebler, L. F. — 393. 
 Keech, T. A. R. — 321. Halftone, 35. 
 Keen, G. J.— 369. 
 
 S. M.— 369. 
 
 Sarah — 369. 
 
 W. W.— 62, 208. Halftone, 10. 
 Keene, W. P.— 379. 
 Keffer, M. R.— 271. 
 
 P. B.— 271.
 
 476 MEDICAI. SOCIETY 
 
 Keith, A. B.— 392. 
 
 E. C. S. — Sec Starr. 
 Kellerman, K. F. — 6^. 
 Kelley, J. T., Jr.— 337, 427. Halftone, 42. 
 Kelly, D. J.— 307. Halftone, 77. 
 
 Moses — 284. 
 Kemble, Adam— 388. Halftone, 71. 
 Kennedy, A. B.— 368. 
 Kennon, Beverly — 266. 
 
 M. C— 266. 
 Kent, James — 2)2i7- 
 Kerr, A. J.— 332. 
 
 H. H.— 332, 393. 
 
 Isabella — 332. 
 
 James — 332, 393. Halftone, 40. 
 Ketcham, O. C. — 313. 
 Key, F. S.— 10. 
 
 M. P.— 187. 
 
 P. B.— 151. 
 
 Sothoron — 387. Halftone, 72. 
 Keyes, C. W. — 3=59. Halftone, 52, 
 
 E. L.— 62. 
 
 F. P.— 359. 
 
 Keyser, C. S. — 2>77- Halftone, 64. 
 Kidder, J. H. — ^^i- 
 Kilmer, Washington — 281. 
 Kimball, A. H.— 383. Halftone, 69. 
 
 King, A. F. A.— iv, v, vi, 16, 19, 22, 23, 55, 70, 74, 75, 76. 77, 79, 87, 91, 
 95. 96, 97, 100, 122, 123, 131, 169, 173, 177, 269, 426, 427, 429, 430, 
 431. 433, 440, 441. Halftone, 20. 
 
 Benjamin — 11, 227. Halftone, 12. 
 
 E. F.— 324, 434. Halftone, 37. 
 
 Edwin — 269. 
 
 G. S.-307. 
 J. E-255. 
 L. F.— 269. 
 
 Kinyoun, B. A. C. — 395. 
 
 J. H.-395. 
 J. J.— 60, 395. 
 Kleinschmidt, C. H. A. — v, 22, 26, 29, 36, 48, 49, 72, 72,, 75, 76, 80, 92, 
 123, 126, 157, 166, 179, 185, 286, 426, 427, 429, 431, 433, 434. 440, 
 441. Halftone, 25. 
 Knight, C. P.— 390.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 
 
 477 
 
 Kober, G. M.— 39, 82, 91, 132, 155, 160, 163, 164, 179, 184, 185, 186, 187, 
 
 199, 301, 427, 431, 440. Halftone, 30. 
 Kolipinski, Louis — 320. Halftone, 35. 
 Koones, C. K. — 336. Halftone, 41. 
 Kramer, J. J.— 375- 
 
 Samuel — 375. 
 
 T. B.— 375. Halftone, 61. 
 Kuelz, Eduard — 326. 
 Kurtz, John — 352. 
 La Garde, L. A. — 61, 62, 187. 
 Lamb, D. R.— 288. 
 
 D. S. — iv, V, ix, 40, 43, 79, 83, 132, 163, 173, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 
 191, 199, 211, 287, 367, 368, 426, 427, 440, 441. Halftone, 24. 
 
 E. S.— 368. 
 
 L H.— ix, 288, 2,^7. Halftone, 56. 
 
 J. M.— 288. 
 
 R. S.— 288, 368, 431. Halftone, 57. 
 Lambert, Mildred — 395. 
 Lancaster, M. S. — 317. 
 Lane, C. B.— 63. 
 Langston, J. M. — no. 
 Langwill, A. G.— 373. 
 Langworthy, C. F. — 62. 
 Latimer, E. W. — 289. 
 Lauck (Lieut.) — 240. 
 
 L S. — 240. 
 
 Peter — 240. 
 Lawn, J. P.— 290. 
 
 Lawrence, A. L. — 381. Halftone, 65. 
 Lawson, H. W.— 394. Halftone, 77. 
 
 J. S.-394. 
 
 P. T. C— 394- 
 
 Thomas — 230. 
 Lawver, W. P. — 307. 
 Leach, H. E. — 308. 
 Lee, A. H. — 238. Halftone, 14. 
 
 A. W. — 274. 
 
 C. A.-59. 
 
 C. C.-372. 
 
 Elmer — 60. 
 
 H. P.— 372. 
 
 R. B.— 331. 
 
 R. E.— 244. 
 
 T. S.— 372. Halftone, 59.
 
 478 
 
 MEDICAL, SOCIETY 
 
 Lee, W. B. — 274. 
 
 Wm. — vi, vii, 26, 6g, 70, 73, 75, 119, 123, 274, 426, 428, 429, 431, 440. 
 Halftone, 22. 
 Leech, D. O. — 328, 346, 431, 434. Halftone, 79. 
 
 Frank — 328, 346, 427, 431, 440. Halftone, 45. 
 Legare, H. S. — 15. 
 Lehr, L. C— 388. 
 Leib, Elizabeth — 303. 
 
 Michael — 303. 
 Leitch, Andrew — 326. 
 Le Merle, E. L.— 372. Halftone, 61. 
 Lemon, H. T. A. — 370. Halftone, 59. 
 Lewis, D. G.— 355- 
 
 S. E.— 190, 354. Halftone, 51. 
 Liddell, B. W. G.— 347- 
 
 H. G.-347. 
 
 Henry— 347. 
 Lieber, Francis — 363. 
 
 G. N.-363. 
 Liebermann, C. H.— 42, 64, 84, 85, 87, 88, 95, 102, 116, 117, 235, 418, 426, 
 
 433, 434. 440. 
 Lincoln, Abraham — 55, 228, 238, 271. 
 
 Benjamin — 255. 
 
 E. S.— 255. 
 
 L C.-255. 
 
 N. S.— 54, 95, no, 126, 165, 254, 255, 357, 426, 427. Halftone, 17. 
 Lindsly, E. W.— 263. 
 
 Harvey— II, 15, 25, 26, 33, 34, 41, 54, 84, 85, 90, 107, 109, 127, 129, 
 138, 139, 140, 142, 149, 225, 226, 263, 417, 427, 429, 433, 437. Half- 
 tone, II. 
 
 Webster — 225, 263. 
 Linn, L. F. — 207. 
 Linton, L. M. — 59. 
 Lippitt, W. F.— 253, 429. Halftone, 78. 
 
 W. F., Jr.— 253. 
 Little, R. M.— 388. 
 
 Littlepage, W. H. — 391. Halftone, 75. 
 Littlewood, J. B. — 292. 
 Llewellin, John — 234. 
 
 M. J.— 234, 316. 
 Lloyd, Rebecca — 313. 
 
 Richard — 313. 
 Lochboehler, G. J. — 190, 336. Halftone, 41. 
 Logic, B. R.— 386.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 479 
 
 Longley, F. F.— 63. 
 Longstreet, James — 260. 
 Loomis, A. L. — 45. 
 
 C. L.— 287, 321. 
 
 Charles — 287. 
 
 E. C— 287. 
 
 L. C— 287, 321. 
 
 S. L.— 68, 287, 321. 
 
 Silas— 287. Halftone, 25. 
 Lorenz, Adolf — 62. 
 Lorigan, Kathryn — 121, 370. 
 Loring, E. G. — 314. 
 
 F. B.— 314. Halftone, 34. 
 Losekam, M. C. — 379. 
 Lovejoy, A. B. — 249. 
 
 J. N.— 249. 
 
 J. W. H. — 23, 26, 38, 41, 48, 90, 92, 95, 102, 103, no, 121, 126, 127, 
 146, 152, 169, 173, 249, 418, 426, 427, 428, 430, 431, 433, 434, 441. 
 Halftone, 16. 
 Lovell, Joseph — 149, 223, 427, 433. Halftone, 11. 
 Lowe, T. F.— 388. 
 
 Lowrie, H. H. — 265. Halftone, 20. 
 Lubrech, Hannah — 223. 
 Luce, C. R.— 333- 
 Luckett, L. F. — 2)2-], 374. Halftone, 60. 
 
 W. F.— 327, 374. Halftone, 38. 
 Ludlow, J. L. — 309. 
 
 Wm.— 381. 
 Luffborough, Eliza — 217. 
 
 Jane — 217. 
 
 Nathan — 217. 
 Lumsden, L. L. — ^Z- 
 Lunt, S. H.— 344- 
 Lyon, M. M. B. — 397. Halftone, 79. 
 
 M. W.— 397. 
 
 S. B. — 321. Halftone, 35. 
 McAdory, Robert— 384. 
 McArdle, A. T.— 312. 
 
 Owen — 312. 
 
 T. E.— vii, 49, 51, 53, 11, 80, 96, 122, 123, 145, 146, 166, 172, 176, 177, 
 312, 427, 428, 429, 433, 434, 440, 441. Halftone, Z2>. 
 Macatee, C. A. — 1'/2. Halftone, 60. 
 
 H. C— 372, 429. 
 
 M. C— 372.
 
 480 MEDICAI^ SOCIETY 
 
 McBlair, J. H. — 294. Halftone, 32. 
 McCalla, J. M. — 253. Halftone, 17. 
 McCleary, J. F. T.— 236. 
 McClellan, G. B.— 287, 293. 
 
 John — 207. 
 McCormack, Charles — 233, 273. Halftone, 49. 
 
 E. V. M.— 273. 
 
 W. J.— 273. 
 McCormick, J. A. — 344. 
 
 J. H. — 53, 180, 344, 441. Halftone, 46. 
 McCoy, G. W.— 64, 127, 261. 
 McDonald, Arthur — 192. 
 McFarland, Helen — 2>2'T- 
 
 J. M.— 327. 
 
 S. S.-327. 
 McGee, A. N. — 120, 349. Halftone, 48. 
 
 W J— 60, 350. 
 McGregor, Alexander — 298. 
 
 I. C.-363. 
 McGuire, F. B.— 232. 
 
 J. C.-332. 
 Machen, F. S.— 379- Halftone, 66. 
 Machinek, Camillo — 374. 
 McKaig, J. F.— 380. Halftone, 67. 
 
 M. A. L.— 380. 
 
 Thomas — 380. 
 Mackall, J. M.— 252, 302, 428. 
 
 Louis, (first)— 55, 252. 
 
 Louis, (second)— 26, 42, 54, 55, 85, 86, 95, 98, 102, 127, 131, 132, 154, 
 252, 302, Z2>7, 426, 427, 428, 431, 433, 434, 440. Halftone, 17. 
 
 Louis, (third) — 202, 252, 302, 337, 427, 431. Halftone, 41. 
 
 S. S.-252. 
 McKay, J. G.-384. 
 
 Kathleen — 2T2,- 
 McKenney, H. F. — 236. 
 
 M. A. F.— 236. 
 
 Mary — 236. 
 
 Samuel — 236. 
 Mackey, Argyle — 356. 
 McKim, J. D.— 336. 
 
 S. A. H.— 57. 85, 92, 96, 248, 433. Halftone, 15. 
 McKimmie, O. A. M.— 347. Halftone, 46. 
 McKinley, William— 46. \
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 48 1 
 
 McLain, J. S. — 136, 339, 431. Halftone, 4^. 
 
 M. L. M.— 339. 
 
 William — 339. 
 McLaughlin, T. N. — 90, 91, 164, 200, 204, 330, 427, 431, 434, 441. Half 
 
 tone, 38. 
 McMahon, J. P. C— 3, 4, 216. 
 McMillan, James — 161. 
 McMillin, Benton — 136. 
 
 McNally, Valentine— 288, 428. Halftone, 24. 
 McPherson, D. M. — 392. Halftone, 75. 
 McVean, M. W.— 252. 
 
 McWilliams, Alex. — 3, 4, 5, 11, 33, 44, 106, 147, 152, 215, 283, 426, 427. 
 Halftone, 25. 
 
 A. B. — 215, 283. 
 IMaddox, A. 8.-358. 
 
 Julia — 320. 
 
 W. R.— 360. Halftone, 52. 
 ]Maddren, E. L. — 121, 378. 
 Madison, B. F. — 322. 
 
 Dorothy — 234. 
 
 James — 219. 
 Magee, M. D.— 357, 366. Halftone, 55. 
 
 M. H.— 366. 
 
 Michael — 366. 
 Magruder, A. F. — 242. 
 
 C. C.-387. 
 
 E. O. M.— 298. 
 
 E. P.— 387. Halftone, 73. 
 
 E. R. N.— 387. 
 
 G. B.— 242. 
 
 G. L.— 29, 36, 9.3. 115, 132, ISS. 157, 163, i6s, 171, 172, 178, 185, 197, 
 298, 400, 427, 428, 431, 433. Halftone, 29. 
 
 Hezekiah — 240, 241, 242. Halftone, 15. 
 
 J. A.— 228. 
 
 M. M.— 228. 
 
 M. W.— 242. 
 
 T. C.— 298. 
 
 W. B.— II, 150, 151, 228. Halftone, 12. 
 
 Zadock — 324. 
 ]\Ialcolm, William — 397. 
 Malcom, Granville — 285. 
 Mallan, T. F.— 328. Halftone, 38. 
 Malone, W. P.— 368. Halftone, 57- 
 Maloney, J. A.— 345. 
 
 31
 
 482 MEDIC AIv SOCIETY 
 
 Mann, James — 207. 
 
 Manning, W. P. — 327, 
 
 Mansfield, E. — 223. 
 
 Marbury, C. C. — 360. Halftone, 53. 
 
 F. M.— 360. 
 John — no, 253. 
 S. C. B.— 360. 
 
 William — 26, 42, 54, 64, 65, 95, 102, no, 117, 253, 421, 427, 429, 440. 
 Halftone, 16. 
 Marmion, R. A. — 91. 
 
 W. V. — 314. Halftone, 34. 
 Marsden, William — 59. 
 Marshall, T. C. S.— 327, 441. Halftone, 38. 
 Martin, M. F.— 280. 
 
 Scott— 280. 
 
 W. B.— 280. 
 Mason, E. L. — 375. Halftone, 62. 
 
 R. F.— 364 Halftone, 55. 
 
 W. B.— 389. Halftone, 72. 
 
 W. P.— 60, 157. 
 Masters, Magdalene — 357. 
 Masterson, W. L. — 362. 
 Matthews, Alexander — 276. Halftone, 49. 
 
 M. E.— 251. 
 Matthia— 245. 
 Mattison, J. B. — 60. 
 
 Maury, T. F.— 26, 258, 260. Halftone, 18. 
 Mauss, R. J. — 305. 
 Maxcy, F. E.— 344. 
 
 Ira— 344- 
 
 S. A, F.— 344. 
 May, Frederick — 5, 9, 11, 21, 34, 44, 47, 106, 148, 152, 213, 216, 218, 225, 
 229, 426, 427, 433. Halftone, 11. 
 
 G. W.— 5, II, 150, 218, 433, 434- 
 
 J. F. — 218, 229, 260, 322, 417, 433. Halftone, 12. 
 
 Wm. — 229, 322. 
 Mayfield, Clifton — 337, 431. Halftone, 41. 
 Maynard, A. M. — 323. 
 
 Horace — 323. 
 Mazzei, F. A. — 364. Halftone, 54. 
 Mead, F. W.— 264. Halftone, 18. 
 
 Theodore — 305. 
 Medford, H. S.— 365. 
 Meigs, M. C— 298.
 
 DISTRICT OF : COI^UMBIA 483 
 
 Mellott, S. W.— 376. Halftone, 62. 
 
 Melvin, M. B.— 248. 
 
 Mercer, W. N. — 207. 
 
 Merriam, A. C. — 279, 340. Halftone, 44. 
 
 E. C. — 279, 340. Halftone, 23. 
 
 Marshall — 279. 
 
 S. S.— 279- 
 Merrill, W. H.— 380. Halftone, 67. 
 Metzerott, J. H. — 362. Halftone, 53. 
 Meyer, Thomas — 234. 
 Middleton, D. W.— 272. 
 
 H. P. — 272. Halftone 21. 
 
 J. V. D.— 257. Halftone, 17. 
 
 Rozier — 352. 
 Miles, F. T— 340. 
 
 N. A. — 340. 
 Miller, A. M. — 159, 160, 161, 162. 
 
 A. W. — 242, 243. 
 
 B.— 150. 
 
 Christian — 294. 
 
 G. B.— 376. Halftone, 64. 
 
 G. R. — 95, 226, 290. Halftone, 26. 
 
 Helen — 272. 
 
 I. S.— 243. 
 
 J. P. — z^l- Halftone, 57. 
 
 M. E.— 367. Halftone, 56. 
 
 (Major) — 226. 
 
 Thomas, (first) — 11, 27, 33, 42, 57, 66, 67, 87, 97, no, 150, 226, 238, 
 260, 284, 290, 418, 426, 427, 428, 430, 433, 434. Halftone, 12. 
 
 Thomas, (second) — 363. Halftone, 54. 
 
 W. L.— 328. Halftone, 38. 
 Milnor, M. W.— 366. 
 Minor (Dr.) — 152. 
 
 C. L.-348. 
 Mitchell, J. E.— 384. Halftone, 70. 
 
 J. F.— 383. Halftone, 69. 
 Mitchill, S. L.— 207. Halftone, 7. 
 Monroe, James — S, 7. 
 Moore, Charles — 195. 
 
 Mead — 95. 
 
 Rosalind — 387. 
 
 S. E.-393. 
 
 V. A.— 61. 
 
 W. c— 397.
 
 484 MEDICAIv SOCIETY 
 
 Moran, J. F.— 340, 434. 
 Morgan, E. C— 330, 427. 433- 
 
 E. Carroll — 237, 311. Halftone, 33. 
 
 E. L.— iv, ix, 43, 172, 330, 398, 430, 440, 441- Halftone, 39. 
 
 E. P. L.— 330. 
 
 F. H.-355. 
 
 F. P.— 43, 190, 355, 429. 440- Halftone, 50. 
 
 J. D.— V, ix, 29, 82, 88, 90, 91, 172, 202, 237, 311, 329, 400, 427, 431, 
 
 440. Halftone, 38. 
 J. E.— 54, 64, 65, 74, 85, 92, 95, 126, 127, 139, 140, 143, 237, 279, 311, 
 
 329, 398, 426, 430, 433, 434- Halftone, 14. 
 J. T.-251. 
 M. E. L.— 355. 
 N. D. — 329. 
 
 W. G.— 91, 368, 431- Halftone, 57. 
 Moritz, C. S. — 320. 
 Morris, G. G. — 332. Halftone, 40. 
 Morse, E. E.— 359- 
 Morsell, J. S.— 10. 
 Morton, Baxter— 382. 
 N. B.— 356, 399. 
 R. S. — Sec Slaughter. 
 Moses, Catharine — 380. 
 Mott, Valentine— 44, 233. 
 
 Motter, M. G.— S3, 204, 364, 427, 440. Halftone, 56. 
 Moulden, W. R.— 372. 
 Moxon, Walter— 277. 
 Mudd, E. T.— 281. 
 J. A.— 275. 
 M. E.— 281. 
 Thomas — 281. 
 Mulcahy, D. D.— 381. Halftone, 66. 
 Mullens, Priscilla — 284. 
 Mulliken, Louise — 319. 
 MuUins, J. B.— 368. Halftone, 58. 
 
 John— 368. 
 Muncaster, H. M. — 324. 
 
 Magruder— 324, 341. Halftone, 37. 
 O. M.— 282, 439. Halftone, 24. 
 O. Z.— 324. 
 
 S. B.— 324, 341. Halftone, 43. 
 Muncey, E. B.— 121, 370. 
 Munde, P. F.— 59. 
 Mundell, J. H.— 129, 130, 319, 427, 430, 44i- Halftone, 36.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 485 
 
 Munding, J. F. — 149, 235. 
 Munro, Hector — 291. 
 Miinson, E. L. — 61, 62, 187. 
 Murdock, E. R. — 324. 
 Murphy, J. A. — 391. 
 
 J. B.— 62. 
 
 P- J-— 73, 75, 143, 300, 431, 433, 434, 440. Halftone, 30. 
 Murray, J. D. — 389. Halftone, TZ- 
 
 James — 213. 
 
 Robert — 389. 
 
 T. M.— 91, 330, 440. Halftone, 36. 
 Musser, J. H. — 208. Halftone, 10. 
 Nalle, R. T.— 387. 
 Nalley, C. F. — 290. Halftone, 26. 
 Nash, F. S.— 131, 343. 
 Naylor (Col.) — 270. 
 
 M. L.— 369. 
 
 N. L.-345. 
 
 R. W.— 270. 
 
 W. L.-305. 
 Neale, R. A.— 341. Halftone, 43. 
 Nefif, Wallace — 369, 431. Halftone, 57. 
 Nevitt, J. R. — 359. Halftone, 52. 
 
 M. R.— 359. 
 
 R. K.-359. 
 Newcomb, M. C. H. — 349. 
 
 Simon — 349. 
 Newell, W. S.— 378. Halftone, (>:>,■ 
 Newgarden, G. J. — 396. 
 Newman, H,- M. — 259, 311. Halftone, 33. 
 
 W. G. H.— 64, 85, 258, 259, 311- Halftone, 18. 
 Newton, L. E. — 302. 
 Nichols, Adams — 243. 
 
 C. H.— 35. 85, 253, 254. Halftone, 16. 
 E. F. I.-365. 
 
 G. C.-36S. 
 
 J. B.— 91, 177, 201, 357, 365, 427, 441- Halftone, 56. 
 Nicholson, William — 314. Halftone, 34. 
 Nordhoff, S. A. (^Scc Jung)— 120, 358, 364. Halftone, 56. 
 Norris, Basil — 294. 
 
 J. C.— 282. 
 
 P. R. — ix, 121, 361. Halftone, 49. 
 Norton, A. B. — 293. 
 
 D. S.— loi.
 
 486 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 Norton. Rupert— 358, 431. 
 
 T. M.— 327. 
 
 W. M. — 295. 
 Norvell, E. W. — 335. 
 Nowlan, A. E. — 263. 
 Noxton, W. — 294. 
 Ober, G. C— 96, 321, 433, 434. 
 O'Donoghue, Florence — 274. 
 
 J. A.-378. 
 Offutt, G. W.— 305. 
 Ogle, Joseph— 358. 
 
 Samuel — 358. 
 Oldroj'd, Daisy — Z'JT. 
 
 O. H.-377. 
 O'Mallev, A. J.— 354. 
 
 C. W.-3S5. 
 
 Diarmuid — 355. 
 
 Mary — 121, 395. Halftone, 79. 
 
 William— 355. 
 Orr, Etta — 349. 
 
 Osier, Wm. — 61, 208, 329. Halftone, 9. 
 Osmun, C. J. — 325. 
 Otis, G. A.— 208. Halftone, 8. 
 Owen, A. B.— 281. 
 
 A. E. D.— 281. 
 
 M. E.— 281. 
 
 N. C. C— 392. 
 
 R. D.-237. 
 
 R. L.— 392. 
 
 W. O.— 392. Halftone, 77. 
 Owens, S. L.— 388. Halftone, 71. 
 Page, R. A.— 303. 
 
 W. M. — 307. 
 Paine, Abigail — 287. 
 Palmer, E. G.— 352. 
 
 G. S. — 299. Halftone, 30. 
 
 (Mrs.)— 337- 
 
 W. G. — 146, 152, 247, 284, 352, 426, 429, 433. Halftone, 15. 
 
 W. H.— 208. 
 Pancoast, G. L. — 278. 
 
 Joseph — 278. 
 
 R. N.— 278. 
 
 S. A.— 278. 
 Parke, J. G.— 262.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI.UMBIA 487 
 
 Parker, E. M.— 394. 
 
 H. P.— 391- Halftone, 75. 
 
 Margaret — 366. 
 Parrish, Joseph — 207. 
 Parsons, A. V. — 379. 
 
 Eliphalet — 379. 
 
 J. D.-304. 
 
 M. A.— 120, 121, 330, 427, 431. Halftone, 38. 
 
 S. F. W.— 329. 
 Parvin, Theophilus — 208. Halftone, 8. 
 Patterson, A. C. — 289, 330. 
 
 D. C— 49, 146, 289, 330, 433. Halftone, 24. 
 
 J. W.— loi. 
 
 Jeanie — 270. 
 Patze, Adolphus — 75, 116, 123, 268, 430. 
 Paxton, Miniana — 273. 
 Payne, Anna — 234. 
 Pearce, H. O. — 356. 
 
 I. A.-356. 
 
 M. A.— 356. 
 Peary, R. E.— 334, 342. 
 Pechin, Henrietta — 272. 
 
 William — 272. 
 Pelham, A. F.— 389. 
 
 John— 389. 
 
 IM. M.— 389. 
 Pelouze, T. J. — 262. 
 Penrose, G. B. — 60. 
 Perkins, W. R. — 390. Halftone, 75. 
 Perry, B. F. — 232. 
 
 G. N.— 347. Halftone, 48. 
 
 M. L.— 253. 
 
 O. H.— 216. 
 
 V. L.— 198. 
 
 (Judge)— 253. 
 Peter, Armistead — 266, 431, 433, 440. Halftone, 19. 
 
 George — 266. 
 Petteys, C. V.— 348. Halftone, 47. • 
 
 J. A. K.-348. 
 
 M. D.— 348. 
 Pettigrew, Augusta — 343. 
 Peyton, Francis — 248. 
 
 Laura — 248.
 
 4oo MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 Phillips, D. P.— 385. 
 
 James— 65, 273. 
 
 N. F. W.— 385. 
 
 W. F. R.— 202, 385. 
 Physick, P. S. — 207. Halftone, 7. 
 Pickford, E. F. — 371. Halftone, 59. 
 Pierce, A. S. — 294. Halftone, 27. 
 
 Joshua — 40. 
 Pile, M. M.— 120, 344. Halftone, "jy. 
 Pinckney, Wm. — 87. 
 Polk, J. K.— 13. 
 
 Polkinhorn, H. A. — 370. Halftone, 58. 
 Pool, B. G. — 38, 166, 313, 427, 431, 440. Halftone, 32. 
 Porter, Blanche — 285. 
 
 Fitz John — 260. 
 
 H. T.-303. 
 
 J. J.— 285, 303. 
 Portman, A. E. M. — 121, 361. 
 Posey (Miss) — 241. 
 Potter, Benjamin — 292. 
 
 Lindorf — 292. 
 
 M. E.— 292. 
 
 Nathaniel — 207. 
 
 W. W. — 292. Halftone, 27. 
 Poulton, W. E.— 285. Halftone, 27. 
 Powell, W. H.— 211. 
 Prentiss, B. M. — 244. 
 
 Caleb — 271. 
 
 D. W.— 23, 74, T7, 127, 143, 147, 154, 157, 169, 271, 272, 369, ^Hi, 426, 
 427, 431, 433, 440, 441. Halftone, 19. 
 
 D. W., Jr. — 204, 271, 369, yiZ, 431, 441- Halftone, 58. 
 
 E. C— 271, 369, nz- Halftone, 78. 
 S. C— 271. 
 
 W. H.— 271. 
 Price, J. F.— 337. 
 
 Joseph — 60. 
 Purrington, Tobias — 102, 257. 
 Purvis, C. B. — 100. 
 Quinn, M. A.— 358. 
 RadcliflFe, Joseph — 251. 
 
 S. J.— 251. Halftone, 16. 
 Radetzkeys — 235. 
 Rahter, C. A.— 271. 
 Raines, B. R.— 283.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI,UMBIA 489 
 
 Ramsburgh, D. H. B.— 367. 
 
 J. H.— 367. Halftone, 56. 
 
 J. S.-367. 
 Ramsey, W. T. — 301. 
 Rand, C. F.— 305. Halftone, 29. 
 Randall, D. K.— 221. 
 ^ John — 221. 
 
 Richard — 148, 220. Halftone, (i^. 
 Randolph, B. M.— 384. 
 Rapley, M. F. — 340. 
 Rauch, J. H. — 260. 
 Ray, A. M.— 380. Halftone, 65. 
 Reed, Walter — 46, 61, 62, 131, 183. 
 Reede, E. H.— 384. 
 Reeve, J. N. — z-]^. Halftone, 60. 
 Reeves, W. P. — z^y. Halftone, 59. 
 Reichelderfer, L. H. — 377. Halftone, ^i. 
 Reily, J. R.— 276. Halftone, 22. 
 Reisinger, E. W. — 131, 350, 431. Halftone, 48. 
 
 Julia— 350. 
 
 W. W.— 350. 
 Repetti, F. F.— 376. Halftone, 64. 
 
 J- J-— 382. Halftone, 69. 
 Reuss, P. J. — 246. 
 Reville, L. M.— 121, 381. 
 Reyburn, E. F. — 282. 
 
 Eugenia — 282. 
 
 J. B.— 282. 
 
 James — 282. 
 
 Robert— 23, 26, 48, 72, 74, ^(i, 93, 96, 124, 126, 132, 136, 158, 167, 169, 
 183, 187, 281, 301, 427, 431. Halftone, 24. 
 
 Robert, Jr.— 282. 
 Reynolds, R. M.— 275. 
 Rhett, Benjamin — 261. 
 
 H. J.— 370. Halftone, 78. 
 
 T. S.— 261. 
 Rice, Annie — 39. 
 
 G. L. — 271. Halftone, 20. 
 Rich, F. R— 358. 
 Richards, Alfred — 383. Halftone, 69. 
 
 F. P.— 248, 265. 
 
 John — 248, 265. 
 
 N. D. — 120, 352. Halftone, 48. 
 
 R. B.— 248.
 
 490 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Richards, S. A. — 259. 
 
 Samuel — 248, 259. 
 Richardson, A. B. — 46, 198. 
 
 C. A.— 328. 
 
 C. F. E.— 328. 
 
 C. W.— gi, 328, 427, 431, 434, 440. Halftone, 38. 
 
 E. E.— 383. 
 Elizabeth — y]6. 
 
 J- J- — 376. Halftone, 61. 
 R. P.— 376. 
 W. W.— 382. 
 Richey, E. J.— 310. 
 
 F. O.— 310. 
 
 S. O.— S3, 91, 310, 434. Halftone, 33. 
 Rider, Mary— 259. 
 Ridgate, M. E. — 255. 
 Ridgely, John — 221. 
 Riggles, J. L. — Z7T- Halftone. 61. 
 Riggs, E. F. — 40. 
 Riley, F. C— 252. 
 
 J. C— 92, 225, 247, 354, 429, 430, 433- Halftone. 15. 
 
 Joshua — II, 85, 86, 92, 225, 247, 252, 266, 306, 417, 427, 433. Half- 
 tone, II. 
 
 Luther — 207. 
 Ringgold, Frank — 229. 
 
 S. B. L.— 229. 
 Ritchie, J. A. — 230, 268. Halftone, 13. 
 
 L. W. — 36, 231, 268, 306. Halftone, 21. 
 
 Thomas — 239, 331. 
 Ritter, F. W.— 281. 
 
 H. P.-44. 
 Rivinus, E. F. — 232. 
 Roane, James — 370. 
 Robbins, H. A. — ix, 276. Halftone, 22. 
 
 M. B. T.— 276. 
 
 Z. C— 276. 
 Roberts, A. L. — 231. 
 
 Charles — 231. 
 
 Edith— 367. 
 
 J. M. — 64, 231, 270. Halftone, 13. 
 
 W. E. — 231, 270, 367, 440. Halftone, 20. 
 Robertson, L. M. — 232. 
 
 Samuel — 232. 
 Robins, E. A. P.— 351.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 4gi 
 
 Robins, J. B. — 351. 
 
 W. L.— 351, 431- Halftone, 47. 
 Rodes, R. E. — 251. 
 Rogers, E. €.—385. 
 
 J. D.-385. 
 
 S. E.-385. 
 
 W. E.— 392. Halftone, "j^y. 
 Roman, F. O. — 358. Halftone, 52. 
 
 I. 0.-358. 
 
 Richard — 358. 
 Rosenau, M. J. — 63, 183. 
 
 Ross, W. H. — 72, 298, 428, 440. Halftone, 29. 
 Rosse, I. C. — 317, 427, 
 
 John— 317. 
 
 Z. H.-317. 
 Rotch, T. M.— 63. 
 Roy, P. S.— SI, 330. 
 Ruedy, R. C— 387. Halftone, 71. 
 Ruffin, G. M.— 351, 388. Halftone, 71. 
 
 Sterling — 177, 201, 351, 388, 431. Halftone, 47. 
 Rush, Benjamin — i, 215, 219. ■' 
 
 Russell, H. C— 347. 
 
 M. W.— 208. Halftone, 9. 
 
 W. R.— 282. Halftone, 27. 
 Salmon, D. N.—(i2, 183. 
 Salter, Francis — 294. 
 Samson, G. W.— 87. 
 Santee, E. M.— 62. 
 Sappington, Francis— 217. 
 
 Harriet — 217. 
 Saunders, S. C. — 298. 
 
 W. H.— 240, 417, 429. 
 Savage, L. S. — 365. Halftone, 56. 
 Sawtelle, H. F.— 397. 
 
 Schaeffer, E. M.— 23, ^6, 127, 142, 152, 154, 300, 431. 434, 44i- Half- 
 tone, 30. 
 
 G. C.— 300. 
 Schafhirt, Frederick — 270. 
 Schmidt, E. A.— 272. 
 
 Fred — 272. 
 Schmitt, Wilhelmina — 263. 
 Schneider, E. C. — 394. 
 
 F. A.— 386. Halftone, 70. 
 
 (Miss)— 303.
 
 492 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 Scholl, Joseph — 2"/^. 
 
 Schott, Theodore — 63. 
 
 de Schweinitz, E. A. — 46, 61, 62, 179, 180, 183, 441. 
 
 Scott, Catharine — 220. 
 
 Elizabeth— 288. 
 
 J. F. — ZZI- Halftone, 42. 
 
 Judson — 244. 
 
 M. E. H.— 224. 
 
 Robert— 288. 
 
 T. C— 150, 224, 429, 433. 
 Seibert, E. G. — 374. Halftone, 60. 
 
 J. W.-374. 
 
 L. L.— 374- 
 Sellhausen, E. A. — 330. 
 Semmes, A. J. — 26, 46, 249, 429. 
 
 M. N. J.— 249. 
 
 Raphael — 249. 
 
 Thomas — 21, 151, 220, 433. Halftone, 11. 
 Sewall, P. C. — 222. 
 
 Thomas— vi, 3, 11, 15, 33, 44, 106, 147, 148, 222, 231, 233, 234, 236, 
 427, 428, 433. Halftone, 11. 
 Shaaflf, J. T. — 5, 21, 24, 218, 433. Halftone, 10. 
 Shadd, F. J., erroneously J. F. Shadd in the text — 100. 
 Shakspeare, E. O. — 59. 
 Shands, A. R. — 354, 427. Halftone, 51. 
 Shattuck, F. C— 208. Halftone, 9. 
 Shaw, I. A. — 393. 
 
 J. W. — ^391. Halftone, 75. 
 Shekell, A. B.— 286. Halftone, 25. 
 Shippen, WilHam — 219. 
 Shoup, Jesse — 379. Halftone, 61. 
 Shute, D. K. — 204, 342, 427, 431, 440. Halftone, 44. 
 
 J. C. K.-342. 
 
 S. M.— 342. 
 Sibley, William — 40. 
 Sickles, D. E.— 151. 
 Sillcock, Quarry — 389. 
 Sim, Joseph — 215. 
 
 Thomas — 3, 4, 5, 21, 24, 106, 149, 215, 426, 427, 433. 
 Simms, H. C. — 248. 
 Simpson, J. C. — 366. Halftone, 56. 
 Sims, J. M. — 45. 
 Sioussat, Annie — 344. 
 Slaughter, B. R. — 121, 382, 399. Halftone, 69.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 493 
 
 Small, A. E.— 328. 
 Smallwood, S. N. — 106. 
 Smart, Charles — 62, 155. 
 Smith, A. H.— 61. 
 
 C. A. — ^2. Halftone, 59. 
 
 D. G. — 384, 440. Halftone, 70. 
 
 E. E.— 393- 
 Elizabeth — 240. 
 
 F. H.— 214. 
 H. M.— 268. 
 J. E.-283. 
 J. L.-283. 
 L. P.-3S7. 
 M. T.— 240. 
 Mary — 244. 
 
 N. R.— 255, 259. 
 
 Nannie — 255. 
 
 Nathan — 255. 
 
 T. C— 42, 59, 60, 79, 91, 96, 97, 121, 122, 152, 166, 167, 209, 268, 426, 
 427, 428, 431, 433. Halftone, 21. 
 
 Wm. — 240. 
 Smoot, S. C. — 98, 234. Halftone, 13. 
 Snowden, Arthur — ZZ^- 
 
 Edgar— 391. 
 Snyder, A. A. — 96, 253, 326. Halftone, ZT- 
 
 J. M. — 253, 326. Halftone, 17. 
 Sohon, Frederick — 177, ZZZ- Halftone, 39. 
 Sothoron, E. H. — 304, 338, 441. Halftone, 42. 
 
 J. T.— 23, 142, 304, 338, 398. Halftone, 31. 
 Southworth, E. D. E. N.— 285. 
 
 R. J.— 285. Halftone, (yT. 
 Sowers, W. F. M. — 300, 396. Halftone, 79. 
 
 Z. T. — 40, 91, 93, 136, 160, 164, 169, 185, 187, 300, 396, 427, 431. Half- 
 tone, 30. 
 Spackman, M. D. — 119, 120. 
 Speake, J. M. — 242. 
 
 R. H.— 242. 
 Spence, John — 207. 
 Spratling, W. P. — d^. 
 
 Sprigg, W. M. — 91, 180, 183, 190, 331, 431, 441. Halftone, 39. 
 Squire, L. T.— 360. 
 
 S. J. — 121, 360. Halftone, 52. 
 Stansbury, C. F. — 296. 
 
 E. R.— 296.
 
 494 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Stansbury, K. M. — 296. 
 
 Stanton, J. O. — 295, 431. Halftone, 28. 
 
 Staples, A. H.— 380. Halftone, 66. 
 
 Starr, E. C. — 121, 392. Halftone, yd. 
 
 Staughton, J. M. — 147, 149, 224, 433. Halftone, "JT. 
 
 M. H. — 224. 
 
 William — 224. 
 Stavely, A. L.— 98, 361. Halftone, 52. 
 St. Clair, F. A.— 341. Halftone, 43. 
 Stearns, John — 297. 
 
 S. S.— 297. 
 Steltz, P. H.— 384. Halftone, 70. 
 Stephan, M. C— 371. 
 
 Sternberg, G. M. — 61, 62, 61, 117, 182, 183, 208. Halftone, 9. 
 Stettinius, J. W. D.— 265. 
 Stewart, J. D. — 252. 
 
 M. A.— 266. 
 
 W. D.— 321. 
 Stickney, William — 40. 
 Stiles, C. W.— 61, 62, 63, 183. 
 St. Martin, Alexis— 58. 
 Stokes, H. N.— 183. 
 Stone, C. D. N.— 340. 
 
 C. G.— 340, 431. Halftone, 44. 
 
 H. F.— 322. 
 
 I. S. — 91, 204, 341, 427. Halftone, 49. 
 
 J. H.-341. 
 
 J. L.-316. 
 
 Llewellyn — 340. 
 
 M. A. S.— 341. 
 
 M. R.— 316. 
 
 R. F. — 210. 
 
 R. K— 55, 98, 234, 238, 316, 331, 433. Halftone, 14. 
 
 Roberta — 330. 
 
 T. R.— 238, 331. Halftone, 40. 
 
 W. H.— 340. 
 Storch, B. A.— 353. 
 
 C. M.— 353- 
 Storrow, S. A.— 258, 259. 
 Story, J. J.-385. 
 
 L. E.-385. 
 Stout, A. M.— 313. 
 
 Stoutenburgh, J. A. — 352, 431. Halftone, 49. 
 Stowell, C. H.— 51, 80, 96, 176, 338.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 495 
 
 Stowell, D. p.— 338. 
 
 Strait, N. S— 210. 
 
 Street, D. B.— 348, zn. Halftone, 60. 
 
 D. B., Jr.-348, 372. 
 Strickler, M. B.— 381. Halftone, 65. 
 Strobel, M. L.— 121, zyz. Halftone, 62. 
 Stromberger, H. H. — ^382. Halftone, 68. 
 Stuart, A. R.— 356. 
 
 Albert— 356. 
 
 B. R.— 352. 
 James— 352. 
 
 Suddarth, J. L. — 297. Halftone, 28. 
 
 Sullivan, T. J.— 397. 
 
 Sumner, Charles — loi, 102, 236. 
 
 H. A. W.— 340. 
 
 J. J.— 40, 120, 340. 
 
 Watson — 340. 
 Suter, Henderson — 327, 372. Halftone, zi- 
 
 W. N. — 327, 372. 
 Sutherin, J. W.— 394. 
 Sweetman, J. T. — 328. 
 Sydebotham, Mary — 218. 
 Sylvester, George — 270. 
 Syme, W. H. — 393. 
 Symonds, T. W. — 59, 154. 
 Talbott, J, A.— 392. Halftone, Tj. 
 Tanner, James — 234. 
 Tappan, J. C— 382. 
 Tarkington, J. A. — 300. Halftone, 30. 
 Tayler-Jones, Louise — 121, 383. Halftone, 68. 
 Tayloe, S. C— 253. 
 
 W. H.-2S3. 
 Taylor, A. K.— 318. 
 
 C. M.— 229. 
 
 E. D.— 307. 
 E. R.-3I5- 
 
 L. H.— 385, 441. 
 L. M.— 319. 
 
 T. J.-341. 
 
 Thomas — 318. Halftone, 36. 
 
 W. P.— 198. 
 
 W. H. — 48, 142, 152, 258, 259, 398, 427, 431, 439. Halftone, 18. 
 
 Wm. — 207. 
 
 Zachariah — 144.
 
 496 MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Teller, H. M.— 136. 
 Tenney, Franklin — 266. 
 
 Georgette — 266. 
 Thonssen, W. J. R.— 371. Halftone, 59. 
 Thomas, A. R. — 120, 360, 441. Halftone, 52. 
 
 J. D.— 177, 363, 427, 431. 440, 441- Halftone, 54. 
 
 J. M.— 25, 229, 433. 
 
 J. R.— 360. 
 
 P. S.— 229. 
 
 R. D.— 360. 
 Thompson, A. E. Y.— 268. 
 
 Benedict — 70, 95, 268, 290, 388, 431, 433, 440. Halftone, 26. 
 
 Charles — 268, 290. 
 
 E. D.— 381. 
 
 Eliza — 290. 
 
 H. P. P.— 347. Halftone, 45. 
 
 J. F.— 23, 38, 54, 57, 58, 72, T2>, 7^, 85, 97, 100, 116, 117, 123, 124, 126, 
 132, 133, 152, 154, 268, 290, 301, 312, 426, 427, 431, 433, 434, 440. 
 Halftone, 19. 
 
 J. H.— 35, 58, 67, 68, 273, 309, 440. Halftone, 22. 
 
 J. H., Jr.— 273, 309. 
 
 J. L. — 290, 388. Halftone, 72- 
 
 M. F.— 323. Halftone, 36. 
 
 M. v.— 312. 
 
 Naomi — 245. 
 Thornton, J. B. C— 229. 
 
 Wm. — 221, 427. Halftone, il. 
 Thruston, Buckner — 10, 11. 
 Thyson, H. A. — 375. 
 Tidd, B. A.— 287. 
 Tiefenthaler, B. F.— 377. 
 Tobias, H. W.— 384. Halftone, 79. 
 Todd, S. J.— 269. Halftone, 20. 
 Tomlinson, Kate — 359. 
 Tompkins, D. D. — 7. 
 
 E. L. — Z2,7, 440. Halftone, 42. 
 Toner, J. E.— 348. Halftone, 47- 
 
 J. M. — iii, iv, viii, i, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 14, 23, 26, 27, 28, 34, 35, 41. 42, 47, 
 SZ, 55, 64, 66, 67, 75, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90, 94. 95, 97- 99- 102. 103, 105, 
 126, 127, 129, 133, 134, 141, 142, 165, 209, 229, 255, 256. 426, 427, 
 430, 433, 434, 440. Halftone, 17. 
 Townshend, Smith — 142, 143, 167, 303. Halftone, 31. 
 Trautmann, Barthold — 278. 
 
 Charles — 278.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 497 
 
 Tree, C. M.— 95, 102, 283. Halftone, 25. 
 Trescott, E. W.— 98. 
 Trimble, R. S. — 397. 
 Triplett, A. V. M.— 273. 
 
 J. J-—273- 
 
 L.— 273. 
 
 W. H.— 23, 75, 76, 117, 124, 126, 273, ,427, 431, 433. Halftone, 22, 
 Trist, H. B.— 265. 
 
 N. R.— 265. 
 
 V. R.— 265. 
 Trott, T. H.— 312. Halftone, 33. 
 Truax, Charles — 62. 
 Truesdell, George — 157. 
 Tryon, J. R.— 208. Halftone, 9. 
 Tubman, J. R. — 365. Halftone, 55. 
 Tucker, A. W. — 100. 
 
 Maurice — 278. 
 
 W. M.— 238, 429. 
 
 W. P.— 365. Halftone, 55. 
 Turner, J. P.— 63. 
 
 S. S.— 286. 
 Twanley, James — 222. 
 
 S. R.— 222. 
 Tyler, A. C. — 120, 361. Halftone, 53. 
 
 A. H. P.— 237. 
 
 Grafton— 26, 46, 57, 84, 85, 87, 96, 109, 237, 249, 253, 254, 296, 426, 
 428, 433. Halftone, 14. 
 
 John — 215, 217, 3x1. 
 
 Lachlan— 40, 78, 79, 311, 433. 
 
 M. M.— 296. 
 
 W. B.— 237, 296. Halftone, 28. 
 Tyson, Elisha — 239. 
 
 S. E. — 239. Halftone, 14. 
 Vale, F. P. — 91, 357, 441. Halftone, 51. 
 Van Aernam, J. N. — 118. 
 Van Arnum, J. W. — 292. Halftone, 35. 
 Van Buren, Abraham — 233. 
 
 Beekman — 233. 
 
 Johannes — 233. 
 
 Martin — 11, 13. 
 
 W. H. — 233. Halftone, 13. 
 Van Meters — 312. 
 
 Van Renssalaer, John — 343, 427. Halftone, 46. 
 Van Vliet, Z. F. C— 311. Halftone, 33. 
 
 32
 
 498 MEDICAIv SOCIKTY 
 
 Van Zandt, M. G.— 331. 
 Vaughan, F. E. S.— 386. 
 
 G. T.— 61, 62, 386, 427. Halftone, ^z. 
 
 W. L.— 386. 
 Venable, M. T.— 386. 
 
 W. G.— 386. 
 Verdi, T. S. — no, 112, 114, 115. 
 Vincent, T. N.— 348. Halftone, 48. 
 Von Ezdorf, R. H.— 357. Halftone, 51. 
 De Vries, J. C. — 371. 
 Waggaman, S. J. — 321. 
 Wagner, W. F. — 391. Halftone, 75. 
 Walker, Allen — 350. 
 
 L. A.— 379. 
 
 R. R.— 385. Halftone, 70. 
 Wall, J. S.— 377, 399, 434, 44i- Halftone, 59. 
 Walsh, Elizabeth — ^343, 
 
 F. C— 270, 371. 
 J. C— 270. 
 
 J. E.— 343. Halftone, 43. 
 
 J. J.— 62, 343. 
 
 J. K.— 239. 
 
 Joseph — 239, 240. 
 
 M. C. — ^240, 
 
 Ralph — vii, viii, ^(), 77, 133, 167, 270, 371, 431. Halftone, 21. 
 
 S. A. K.— 270. 
 Walter, John — 305. Halftone, 31. 
 
 W. F.— 353. Halftone, 53. 
 Ward (Miss) — 229. 
 
 W. K.— 370. 
 
 William— 318. 
 Warfield, C. A.— 217. 
 
 Eliza — 217. 
 
 Peregrine— 3, 4, 5, 11, 149, 217, 242, 427, 433. 
 Waring, H. S. — 223. 
 
 J- J— 253, 254, 269, 272. 
 
 W. R.— 265. 
 Warner, L. H. — 62. 
 Warren (Dr.) — 150. 
 
 G. W.— 380. Halftone, 65. 
 J. C— 207. Halftone, 7. 
 
 Washington, Bailey — 222, 433. 
 
 George — i, 219, 220, 221, 222, 324, 326, 346, 369. 
 
 Lawrence — 222. 
 Waterhouse, Benjamin — 207. Halftone, 7.
 
 DISTRICT OF COI^UMBIA 499 
 
 Waters, C. L. — 390. 
 
 W. H.— 243. 
 Watkins, Alfred — 267. 
 
 E. H. E.-354. 
 
 E. W.— 383. Halftone, 68. 
 
 Louis— 354. 
 
 S. E.— 354- Halftone, 50. 
 
 V. E.— 366. 
 Watson, I. A. — 211. 
 Watts, Isaac — 266. 
 Weaver, C. A. — 359. 
 Webb, A. J. — 319. 
 
 J. W.-319. 
 Weightman, Richard — 4, 5, 40, 219, 430. 
 
 Richard, should be Roger C. — 17. 
 
 Robert C, should be Roger C. — 219. 
 Wellington, J. R.— 348, 427, 431. Halftone, 49. 
 Wells, C. A.— 361. 
 
 M. L. H.— 361. 
 
 W. A.— 83, 199, 358, 361, 440. Halftone, 52. 
 
 W. S— vii, 76, 308. 
 Werber, Frederick — 380. 
 
 Gustavus — 380. Halftone, (^. 
 
 Louisa — 380. 
 West, G. W.— 320. Halftone, 35. 
 
 J. S.— 320. 
 Wheeler, G. M.— 309. 
 
 Joseph— 251. 
 Whitaker, G. M.— 63. 
 White, C. S.— 378, 440. Halftone, 64. 
 
 Catharine — 282. 
 
 S. R.-311. 
 
 W. A. — 63, 132, 203. 
 Whitefoot, R. M.— 280. Halftone, 23. 
 Whitley, W. H.— 286. 
 Whitney, Lelia — 332. 
 Whitson, W. E.— 369. Halftone, 57. 
 Wiley, H. W.— 61, 62, 6z, 133- 
 Wilkinson, Oscar — 381. Halftone, 65. 
 
 W. W.— 389, 441. Halftone, 78. 
 Willard, H. A.— no. 
 
 J. C.-109. 
 
 S. D.— 277. 
 Willctt, J. E.— 254. Halftone, 17.
 
 » -^ 
 
 500 MEDICAI, SOCIETY 
 
 William the Conqueror — 397. 
 William of Orange — 369. 
 Williams, Bodisco — 274. 
 
 H. H.-350. 
 
 John — 10, 150. 
 
 T. A.-63. 
 Williamson, A. N. — 283. 
 Willson, Prentiss — 391. 
 Wilmer, W. H. ~gi, 336. Halftone, 41. 
 Wilson, A. A.— 120, 351, 431. Halftone, 47. 
 
 A. B.— 273. 
 
 Henry— 288. 
 
 Huldah— 283. 
 
 J- C.-273. 
 
 J. M.— 243. 
 
 J. M. (U. S. A.)— 160. 
 
 M. D.— 283. 
 
 M. L.— 273. 
 
 (Miss) — 247. 
 
 William — 283. 
 Wilstach, C. F. — 151, 223, 429. 
 
 Charles — 223. 
 Winegarner, Mary — 335. 
 
 Samuel— 335. 
 Winter, Benjamin — 297. 
 
 E. C. C— 297, 331. Halftone, 39. 
 
 E. F.— 297. 
 
 J. T.— 40, 91, 297, 331, 427, 434. Halftone, 29. 
 
 Thomas — 297. 
 Wise, H. A. — 244. 
 
 J. C.-63. 
 
 John — 279 
 
 T. W.— 279. Halftone, 23. 
 
 Tully— 149. 
 Wislizenus, F. A. — 244. Halftone, 77. 
 Witmer, A. H. — 330. 
 Wolfe, Frederick — 275. 
 Wolhaupter, D. P.— 285, 356. Halftone, 25. 
 
 W. E.— 285, 356. Halftone, 50. 
 Wood — 295. 
 
 G. B.— 241. 
 
 G. W. — 364, 431. Halftone, 54. 
 ■. W. M.— 208. 
 Woodbury, H. E. — 265. Halftone, 21.
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 5OI 
 
 Woodward, Anion — 243. 
 
 J- J- — 59, 208, 309. Halftone, 8. 
 
 Julia— 243. 
 
 M. J. P.— 3^2. 
 
 M. R.— 342. 
 
 W. C. — S3, 91, 105, 136, 160, 162, 163, 164, 177, 179, 180, 182, 342. 
 427, 431, 441. Halftone, 43. 
 Woolever, Margaret — 396. 
 Wooley, G. W.— 294. 
 Worthington, A. S.— 188. 
 
 Charles — 3, 4, 5, 21, 98, 148, 213, 217, 426, 433. Halftone, 10. 
 
 John — 213. 
 
 N. W.— 5, II, 15, 41, 44, 148, 213, 217, 429, 430, 433, 434. 
 Wotherspoon, A. S. — 243. 
 Wright, A. E.—62. 
 
 H. K.-394. 
 
 J. J. B.-301. 
 Wyman, Walter — 61, 208. Halftone, 9. 
 Yarnall, J. H. — ix, 351. Halftone, 47. 
 Yarrow, C. C. — 309. 
 
 H. C. — 309. Halftone, 32. 
 
 John — 309. 
 Yates, Frederick — 388. Halftone, 71. 
 Young, A. S. — 248. 
 
 C. B.— 291. 
 
 J. T. — 272, 427, 433. Halftone, 19. 
 
 Noble — II, 15, 25, 26, 46, 68, 76, 95, 107, 116, 127, 140, 149, 227, 427, 
 433' 439- Halftone, 12. 
 
 P. G.— 304. Halftone, 31. 
 
 W. G. — 392. Halftone, 74. 
 
 W. P.— 260. 
 Zevely, E. A. — 305. Halftone, 31.
 
 L
 
 xvaL^ X^LtV^ 
 
 ifm^ 
 
 {] 1969 
 
 B10MEQ) 
 
 " -4- 
 
 MAR l:^ 
 
 
 LIB 
 
 PRINTED IN U. S. A.
 
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 3 1158 00640 1466