UC-NRLF 
 
 Efl DTD 
 
GIFT OF 
 Class of 1887 
 
SECRETS 
 
 REVEALED 
 
 W. S. ROSS 
 
 PRICE #1.OO 
 
 W. S. ROSS 
 
 C:OI,Df3N- Rl'I.E Bril.DIN* 
 
 1O STII.J.MAN- STRRET 
 
SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 THE KEY TO 
 
 HEALTH AND PROSPERITY 
 
 FROM 
 
 LEADING PHYSICIANS OF THE UNITED STATES, BERLIN 
 LONDON AND VIENNA 
 
 Recipes for Cook, Farmer, Artisan, and Business Man 
 
 Antidotes for Poisons, Latin Names for Drugs in English 
 
 A Fund of Useful Facfts for Everybody 
 
 COMPILED AND DISTRIBUTED 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM S. ROSS 
 
 PRICK *1.OO 
 
 GOLDEN RULE: 
 
 110 STir.r.MAN STREET 
 SAX FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
 
 1917 
 
<f* ' ' 
 
 ' SS-'S'V,- 
 
 - 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1917 
 
 BY 
 AM S. ROS.S 
 
PREFACE 
 
 In preparing this work the author has endeavored to 
 use plain, simple language comprehensible to all classes. 
 He has avoided the use of technical terms as much as pos- 
 sible. It is written for the generality of people, and sup- 
 plies a need which, it is hoped, will be appreciated and 
 understood by all into whose hands it may fall. 
 
 The best authorities of this country and of Europe have 
 boon consulted and the information herein recorded may be 
 absolutely relied upon. 
 
 Many of the recipes have been purchased at consider- 
 able expense, and will be found of much value. 
 
 It is a work which will be found to assist in maintaining 
 health, and prove of great merit in combating many of the 
 ailments so common to humanity. 
 
 There is nothing written in any part of the book that 
 will cause objection, and it can be put in the hands of chil- 
 dren with the assurance that it will re-suit in a benefit. 
 
 Its object is to educate those who have not enjoyed the 
 advantages of special study, to the end that they may bo 
 able to know something regarding the wonderful temple 
 composing their body, and be armed against disease. 
 
 It is not intended to supplant the offices of the physi- 
 cian, but, on the contrary, to assist in his work, and to be 
 a help in emergencies, especially to those who are not in a 
 position to consult professional advice, on account of dis- 
 tance, etc. 
 
 It has been the aim of the author to supply information 
 in a compact form, and of a reliable nature; to enable the 
 reader to save money in the purchase of drugs, necessary 
 in all households. 
 
 Trusting that all the requirements have been met with, 
 the author submits the work to the public, feeling assured 
 of its being received with the appreciation expected. 
 
 AUTHOB. 
 
 93Q87O 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Preface . . > 
 
 Introduction 5 
 
 Anatomy , 9 
 
 The Muscles 11 
 
 The Digestive Organs 13 
 
 The Circulation 17 
 
 The Lungs 20 
 
 The Kidneys and Skin 22 
 
 The Nerves 24 
 
 General Eemarks Appertaining to Health 27 
 
 Common Ills and Their Remedies 31 
 
 Poisons and Their Antidotes 38 
 
 Latin and English Names for Drugs 41 
 
 Formulas of Patent Medicines 44 
 
 Household Recipes 47 
 
 Useful Information 51 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 : 
 
 It is loss trouble, and much cheaper, to preserve health 
 than it is to cure disease. A great many of the ills from 
 which humanity suffers can be avoided. Many of us vio- 
 late a law of nature through ignorance, while some, in 
 order to gratify a temporary impulse, deliberately run the 
 risk of contracting disease. 
 
 Notwithstanding the fact that we may at times escape 
 immediate punishment, we may be sure that Nature exacts 
 toll for disobedience to her law, and sooner or later we will 
 bo called to account for infractions thereof. 
 
 The brain controls to a great extent the physical being, 
 hence it is necessary to keep the mind in a proper condition 
 if we wish to enjoy good health, 
 
 It is true, circumstances often compel many of us to 
 face danger; our environments sometimes are such that we 
 cannot escape exposure to disease, yet we have within us 
 the power to mitigate the result. Then there are those who 
 have unfortunately come under the ban of heredity, and in 
 such cases extreme care is necessary in order to overcome 
 natural tendencies. Without health it is impossible to 
 enjoy life, and it is of the utmost importance to guard with 
 jealous care every avenue by which it may escape. We can 
 so live that many of the ills from which humanity suffers 
 may be defied. Nature always warns when we tread on 
 dangerous ground, and is ever ready to assist us to retrace 
 our footsteps. There are some who have been gifted with 
 strong constitutions, and who have dissipated for a number 
 f years and survived, but their lives have not been one 
 of enjoyment; they have simply existed. Prudence requires 
 that we should be moderate in all things. 
 
 Intemperance soon manifests itself in the general ap- 
 pearance of the unfortunate transgressor, and exposes his 
 folly to the world; therefore it behooves us to live a right, 
 clean life, honest, and true to ourselves and fellow man. 
 
 The law of nature tends to the casting away of things 
 useless, and building up; this is progress, and it is the duty 
 of all not to be satisfied with imitating others, but to be. 
 original. Do not be content to stand still ; go ahead, and 
 do not wait for some one to push you out of the way. Be 
 
6 SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 confident hi your; awn strength, and when, after reflection 
 you are divide:, <;<> not listen to opposition. This is deter- 
 mination. This is l!u- material of which men are made who 
 ~r,< vcrd b litV. 
 
 Ambition soon wanes in a diseased body, for we lose 
 interest in all things; we become indifferent to results, and 
 drift with the tide. Hence the necessity of avoiding every- 
 thing conducive to illness, and living a clean life, void of 
 excesses. 
 
 Our bodies are made up of minute cells, each one acting 
 independently of each other. They are constantly dying 
 and as constantly being renewed. They possess the 
 peculiar power to propagate, as the necessity requires, by 
 dividing into halves, thus maintaining the equilibrium of 
 the body. If, for instance, any part of the body receives a 
 wound, many of the cells composing the part are destroyed 
 and must be replaced. Nature provides this arrangement 
 by automatic action, and is careful in not exceeding the 
 demand. 
 
 Certain elements of the blood contain the required mate- 
 rial for the purpose, provided it be in a healthy condition. 
 
 There are many different kinds of cells in the body, 
 hence the blood must contain all the elements necessary to 
 the different parts so that the proper selection may be 
 made. 
 
 As the blood courses through the arteries, each cell 
 draws from it the sustenance required. The muscles re- 
 move certain constituents, the heart, lungs, brain and other 
 organs what is necessary for their maintenance. Should 
 the blood be deficient in lime, the bones would be deprived 
 of support; and so it is regarding other parts, each re- 
 quires special elements in order to maintain its peculiar 
 character. 
 
 Anatomy teaches us the names of the different parts of 
 the body, their location and appearance. 
 
 Physiology informs us of the purpose of each and the 
 manner in which they perform. 
 
 And that science which teaches us knowledge of those 
 things which are harmful, that will interfere with the 
 proper action of the organs, and what will assist in func- 
 tional exercise, are treated of in Hygiene. 
 
 That part of the body made up of a combination of 
 cells, and which can be separated from the rest as an entire 
 body, and which performs a particular function, is called 
 an organ; as, the liver, kidneys, heart, etc, A system, as 
 it is called, is composed of organs of similar construction, 
 
INTRODUCTION 7 
 
 such as the nerves, arteries, etc. Those organs which, 
 though differently constructed, act in unison for a particular 
 purpose, are called an apparatus ; such as the stomach, 
 pancreas, liver, etc., which are termed the digestive appa- 
 ratus. 
 
 As has been said above, each cell acts independently of 
 the others ; it possesses life in itself, and its death has no 
 effect on other cells. Thousands of cells die daily ; in fact, 
 life and death follow in rapid succession throughout our 
 existence. There is no difference in appearance between 
 living and dead cells; one is simply motionless. 
 
 In addition to knowledge on anatomy and physiology, 
 the work embraces many other subjects of interest and 
 value to all classes, such as recipes for the compounding 
 of remedies for the alleviation of common ills, household 
 recipes appertaining to the culinary department, and per- 
 sonal requirements; and facts useful to the mechanic, the 
 farmer, and business man. 
 
 The contents are applicable to all walks in life, gathered 
 from many different sources, and strictly reliable. The 
 very best efforts of some of our foremost authorities have 
 been selected with painstaking care, and recorded in lan- 
 guage so plain that all who read may comprehend and 
 apply the principles set forth. 
 
 tin conclusion, the author submits the result of his labor 
 o the public, confident of its ability to judge and appre- 
 ciate its merit. 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
SECRETS REVE A LED 
 
 FIG. 1. The Skeleton. 
 
CHAPTER I 
 ANATOMY 
 
 THE BONES. There are two hundred distinct bones in 
 the human skeleton besides the teeth. 
 
 Those are divided into those of the head, trunk, upper 
 and lower extremities. The bones of the head, of which 
 there are eight, belong- to the cranium, and the face con- 
 tains fourteen. The internal surface of the cranium pre- 
 sents eminences and depressions for lodging the convolu- 
 tions of the brain, and numerous furrows for the ramifica- 
 tions of the blood vessels. 
 
 The hones of the cranium are united to one another by 
 ragged edges called Sutures, which are quite distinct in the 
 child, but in old age are nearly effaced. 
 
 The trunk contains fifty-four bones. The Sternum, or 
 breast bone, commonly so called, in a child is composed of 
 six pieces, in the adult of three, which in old age are con- 
 solidated into one. There are twenty-four ribs, twelve on 
 ach side, which are attached to the Spinal Column; the 
 ast four, however, are attached to the sternum in one 
 bone. The spinal column contains twenty-four, called 
 Vertebra 1 . At the bottom of the spinal column are the 
 Sacrum, the Coccyx, and two called the Ossa Innominata. 
 There is another bone at the other extremity, at the base 
 of the tongue, which is the most isolated bone of the body; 
 it is called the Os Hyoides, and serves as an attachment 
 or the muscles of the tongue. 
 
 The bones of the spinal column are so formed as to 
 admit the passage of the spinal cord, and between each 
 vertebra is a highly elastic, cushion-like substance, which 
 admits free motion of the body. The curvatures of the 
 spinal column, of which there are four, serve to diminish 
 the shock produced by falling, running, etc. Were it not 
 for this provision, the brain would be exposed to a great 
 deal of injury. The Pelvis, commonly called the hip bones, 
 contains the several lower bones of the spinal column. The 
 innominata during youth consist of three separate pieces 
 on each side, but as age advances they coalesce and form 
 one hone; a deep socket, called the Acetabulum, is found 
 near their junction, which servos as a receptacle for the 
 'ead of the thigh bone. 
 
 The bones of the upper extremity are sixty-four in 
 umber, and are classified as follows: The Scapula, Clavi- 
 
10 SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 cle, Humems, Tina, Radius, Carpus, Metacarpus, and 
 Phalanges. 
 
 The scapula, or shoulder blade, is situated at the back 
 part of the shoulder, and attached to the back and upper 
 part of the chest. The clavicle, or collar bone, is situated 
 at the upper part of the chest, between the sternum and 
 the scapula, and connects with both; it prevents the arms 
 from sliding forward. 
 
 The humerus, the first bone of the arm, is situated be- 
 tween the scapula and the forearm, which contains two 
 bones, the ulna and radius, the ulna being situated on the 
 inner side and the radius on the outer side of the forearm. 
 
 The Carpus, or wrist, is composed of eight bones ar- 
 ranged in two rows. The metacarpus, or palm of the 
 hand, is composed of five bones, situated between the car- 
 pus and fingers. The phalanges, fourteen in number, are 
 the bones of the fingers and thumb, the fingers each having 
 three, and the thumb two bones. 
 
 The bones of the lower extremities, sixty-five in number, 
 are classed as follows: The Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, 
 Tarsus, Metatarsus, and Phalanges. 
 
 The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest in the body; it 
 has a large, round head, which is received into the acetabu- 
 lum, forming a ball .and socket joint. 
 
 The patella, or knee-pan, is the most complicated articu- 
 lation in the whole body; it serves a very important pur- 
 pose, as it is a protection to the joint and increases the 
 leverage of the muscles attached to it. 
 
 The tibia, or shin bone, lies on the inside of the lower 
 limb, while the fibula is situated on the outer side and 
 parallel to it. 
 
 The tarsus, or instep, is composed of seven bones, and 
 corresponds to the carpus of the upper extremities. The 
 metatarsus, the middle of the foot, bears a close resem- 
 blance to the metacarpus, and consists of five bones situ- 
 ated between the tarsus and phalanges. The phalanges, 
 the toes, consist of fourteen bones, arranged in a manner 
 similar to those of the fingers. 
 
 Cartilage is softer than bone, and ligaments are softer 
 than cartilage; their function is to bind the bones together. 
 
 The Synovial membrane, which covers the cartilages, 
 secretes a lubricating fluid, which enables the bones and 
 ligaments to move freely upon each other; when this fluid 
 is secreted in excess, it produces a disease known as 
 Dropsy of the joints. All the bones and their accessories 
 are abundantly supplied with nerves and veins. 
 
CHAPTER IT 
 
 THE MUSCTVKS 
 
 There are about five hundred muscles in the human 
 body. They are those organs by which motion is produced, 
 and are commonly known as flesh. A muscle is composed 
 
 Fro. 2. The Muscular Svstein. 
 
 lies of fibers, parallel to each oilier, and terminate 
 is called Tendon, which is attached to the bone so 
 
1- SECRETS KEVEALED 
 
 firmly that the bone will break before the tendon will give 
 way. The muscles are divided into two classes, the volun- 
 tary and the involuntary; there are some, however, which 
 cannot properly be classed with either, termed intermediate. 
 
 The voluntary muscles are chiefly controlled by the will ; 
 they are of a different color than the others, and stronger. 
 The involuntary muscles are influenced by the nervous sys- 
 tem, and their action pertains to the nutritive function of 
 the body; they differ from the voluntary muscles in the 
 net-work arrangement of their fibers. The intermediate 
 muscles, which control respiration, are both voluntary and 
 involuntary; for, while we may suspend breathing for a 
 short while, the organic muscles will assert their instinct- 
 ive control. The voluntary muscles are well supplied with 
 nerves, while the involuntary are not so numerously fur- 
 nished. The color of a muscle is due to the blood contained 
 therein. 
 
 Muscle is capable of great contraction and expansion, 
 and if not carried to extremes, exercise will add much to 
 their bulk. 
 
CHAPTER TTT 
 THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 
 
 Digestion signifies the act of separating or distributing, 
 hence its application to the process by which food is made 
 available for nutritive purposes. The organs of digestion 
 are mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esopha- 
 gus, and the stomach and intestines, with their glands, the 
 liver, pancreas, lacteals and the thoracic duct. 
 
 As the teeth play an important part in the process of 
 igestion, it is necessary to preserve them as much as pos- 
 sible by keeping them free from all agents that tend to 
 impair their vitality. The introduction of very hot or cold 
 materials, the using of gritty substances for cleansing, are 
 all highly injurious. 
 
 The salivary glands are six in number, three on each 
 side of the mouth, which secretes the saliva, a fluid which 
 moistens the food, and forms part of the ingredients which 
 are necessary to digestion. The Parotid, which is the larg- 
 est of the salivary glands, is located in front of and below 
 the ear. The Submaxillary lies midway between the angle 
 of the lower jaw and the middle of the chin. The Sub- 
 lingual lies just below the tongue. 
 
 The pharynx is the upper part of the throat, and of 
 which the esophagus is a continuation leading down to the 
 stomach. At the beginning of the esophagus is the epiglot- 
 tis, which lies at the top of the windpipe, which leads to 
 the lungs; it is composed of cartilage, and serves the pur- 
 pose of a valve to close the opening of the tube called the 
 Larynx, which leads into the lungs. The epiglottis oper- 
 ates involuntarily, and prevents food from entering the 
 lungs. 
 
 The epiglottis is situated in front of the pharynx. 
 There is a partition called the Diaphragm, which is com- 
 posed of cartilage, that separates the organs of the chest 
 from the stomach and intestines ; it is of the shape of a 
 basin with the concave side down; there are openings in it 
 to admit the passage of the esophagus and arteries, veins, 
 etc. The stomach is capable of great distention to accom- 
 modate the amount of its contents. It is of pear shape, 
 and is situated obliquely in reference to the body, its base 
 lying at the left side, while the apex is directed toward 
 
 
SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 OESOPHAGUS 
 
 the right; it has two openings, one on top, by which the 
 esophagus enters, and the other at the small end, from 
 which the food passes into the small intestine. At this 
 opening is a small valve, called the Pyloric valve, which 
 opens outward, and prevents food from re-entering the 
 stomach. The stomach contains the glands called Gastric, 
 which secrete the gastric juice, which, mixed with the food, 
 aids in the process of digestion. 
 
 The stomach possesses 
 the peculiarity of what is 
 termed the peristaltic 
 movement. It is a sort of 
 wave - like movement im- 
 parted by certain muscles, 
 which thoroughly mixes 
 the food before passing it 
 out. The first part of the 
 small intestine is called 
 the Duodenum. At about 
 the middle of it, and six 
 inches or so from the 
 stomach, the duct that 
 conveys the bile and pan- 
 creatic juice enters. The 
 succeeding portion of the 
 intestine is divided into 
 the Jejunum and Ileum, 
 though there is no partic- 
 ular difference in them. 
 The ileum is the last part 
 of the small intestine, and 
 where it opens into the 
 large intestine there is a 
 valve called the Ileocecal, 
 which, like the pyloric, 
 opens outward, thus pre- 
 venting the contents from returning to the small intestine. 
 There is a like movement of the intestines as obtains in 
 the stomach, which moves the contents onward to the point 
 of exit from the body. 
 
 The process of digestion is carried on throughout the 
 length of the small intestine, and part of the large one; 
 combined, they are about twenty-five feet in length. 
 
 The large intestine is known as the Colon; it ascends 
 on the right side, called the ascending colon; crosses to the 
 left side, called the transverse, and descends on the left 
 
 FIG. 3. The Stomach and Intestines. 
 
THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 15 
 
 side, which is called the descending colon. Close to and 
 below where the small intestine enters lies the Vermiform 
 Appendix, which gives rise to that now common disease 
 called Appendicitis. 
 
 There are certain absorbent vessels in the large intes- 
 tine that take up the balance of the nutrients that have 
 escaped the action of the absorbents in the small intestine 
 and distribute them to the blood. 
 
 The liver is the largest organ in the body, and in an 
 adult weighs about four pounds; it is located chiefly on the 
 right side, immediately below the diaphragm; it has two 
 lobes, the right one being four times larger than the left. 
 In the lower surface lies the Gall Bladder, which contains 
 
 IG. 4. Under Surface of the L,iver. 
 
 lie Di le, a fluid which serves the purpose of lubricating the 
 intestines and also as an aid to digestion. 
 
 The liver performs another very important office in 
 extracting wasie matter from the blood, and depositing it 
 in the intestine. 
 
 The Pancreas is a much smaller organ than the liver, 
 weighing about three ounces; it secretes the fluid called 
 pancreatic, which is similar in character to the saliva, and 
 important in the process of digestion. 
 
 Ipleen, of which little is accurately known, lies a 
 little to the left of the pancreas. It secretes a fluid, but 
 what effect it has on digestion is problematical; it is sup- 
 posed to exert a certain influence on the. blood. 
 
 
Ifi SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 There is a constant waste of the body, and it is neces- 
 sary to repair it, hence we eat. 
 
 The food taken into the stomach must be converted into 
 blood before it can be transferred to the tissues, and as we 
 have seen, this is accomplished by digestion. 
 
 It is from the blood, which goes to every part of the 
 body, that restoration proceeds, and in order to preserve 
 health the blood must be pure; and if the different organs 
 fail in performing their function, or some substance is 
 introduced that they cannot neutralize, illness follows, and 
 it becomes necessary to resort to medicine to restore them 
 to their normal condition. 
 
 The body is composed of different chemical substances, 
 and the food must contain elements of which the body is 
 deficient. Therefore one kind of food is not sufficient; 
 there must be a variety. 
 
 An ordinary healthy man passes out of his bowels daily, 
 on an average, five ounces of material, a large portion of 
 which is fluid. 
 
 The kidneys pass out about fifty-six ounces; the skin, 
 about twenty-five ounces, and the lungs about thirty-four 
 ounces. This waste must be restored or the body will 
 waste away. 
 
 The chief waste is from the kidneys, and is a substance 
 called urea, which is composed of four elements: carbon, 
 hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. 
 
 These four elements represent the consumption that 
 has been going on in the body to produce the force neces- 
 sary to sustain life. 
 
 The purpose of food, then, is to restore an amount of 
 the four elements equal to that used up; to repair the 
 waste. 
 
 Absorption is the vital function by which nutritive ma- 
 terial is selected and imbibed for the sustenance of the 
 body. This is accomplished by what is termed the Villi of 
 the intestines, which are small, hair-like bodies with which 
 the intestines are lined. Through their agency the food, 
 after having gone through the change of condition by the 
 action of the fluids of the stomach, liver, pancreas, etc., is 
 conveyed by an intricate process to the blood, whose ves- 
 sels also act as an absorbent. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 THE CIRCULATION 
 
 The blood is the life-giving principle of the body, and 
 from it repairment is made. The total amount in the body 
 differs; in a healthy person it is about one-thirteenth of 
 the weight of the body. It has four constituents: fibrin, 
 albumen, and salts. There are two kinds of corpuscles, the 
 red and the white. 
 
 The blood that flows 
 :hrough the veins is of 
 
 dark red, while that 
 of the arteries is much 
 lighter in color. The 
 reason of this is the 
 corpuscles contain both 
 o x y g e n and carbon it- 
 acid in solution. When 
 carbonic acid predomi- 
 nates, as it does in the 
 veins, it is caused by 
 the action of the blood 
 in its course through 
 the body in taking up 
 t h e waste properties. 
 The blood is carried on 
 to the lungs, which pur- 
 ify it, and is t li e n 
 pushed on to the heart, 
 w h i c h pumps it on 
 again through the body. 
 The circulation of the 
 blood is carried on by 
 the heart, arteries, and 
 veins. The blood leaves 
 the heart through com- 
 paratively large tubes, 
 which grow smaller and smaller, ending at the extremities 
 of the body in what are termed Capillaries, so small as to 
 be invisible to the naked eye. 
 
 The blood may be sufficient in quantity, but deficient in 
 quality. Some particular element may be lacking; for in- 
 stance, the disease known as Scurvy is due to absence from 
 the blood of certain salts, or citric acid; or some substance 
 
 
 FIG. 5. The Circulation. 
 
S FA 'RETS REVEALED 
 
 of a poisonous nature may he present. The liver may have 
 failed in its work to extract certain substances; or some 
 material may have gained entrance by the food, or air, 
 and in other ways, to vitiate the quality of the blood arid 
 impair its value as nourishment. 
 
 The tissues not only remove from the blood what they 
 require, but transfer to it the waste products of their 
 activity; therefore as fresh blood must be supplied, it must 
 carry away in turn the im- 
 purities. In order that the 
 b ] o o d may be propelled 
 through the arteries and 
 veins, there must be some 
 organ to act in this capacity, 
 and such office is performed 
 by the heart. The heart is 
 about the size of one's fist, 
 and is situated a little to 
 the left of the center of the 
 chest. It is of a conical 
 shape, the base directed up- 
 ward and backward toward 
 the right side, while the 
 point is down and forward. 
 It possesses four compart- 
 ments, or chambers; the two 
 upper ones are called Aur- 
 icles, and the two lower 
 ones Ventricles. There are 
 valves which guard the opening to the ventricle from the 
 auricle, but there is no communication between the right 
 and left sides. 
 
 To make it clear, we will follow" the course of the blood 
 from the heart, beginning at the right side. The blood is 
 entering the right auricle from the upper and lower Vena 
 Cavas, as they are called, and when it is filled the pressure 
 causes it to flow into the right ventricle, which already 
 contains a supply of blood, and is considerably larger than 
 the auricle. The Tri cuspid valve prevents the return of 
 the blood to the auricle, and as the ventricle is filled it 
 contracts and part of the blood is forced out through the 
 valve at the opening of the Pulmonary artery, which opens 
 outward, and closes at each beat of the ventricle, thus pre- 
 venting the return of the blood. 
 
 The blood is forced on through the pulmonary artery 
 to the lungs, where the air which those organs contain 
 
 Fro. 6. The Course of the Blood 
 through the Heart. 
 
THE CIRCULATION 10 
 
 purifies it, and it is sent back to the left auricle of the 
 heart through the pulmonary vein. From the left auricle 
 the blood passes to the left ventricle, and from there it is 
 pumped into the Aorta, an artery. As the blood passes 
 through the aorta it is distributed throughout the body 
 through many different channels branching out from it ; 
 these channels grow smaller and smaller and finally merge 
 into a net- work of minute capillaries. This is where the 
 change of arterial to venous blood takes place, and the 
 beginning of the veins, which are practically a continua- 
 tion of the arteries. The blood is then carried through 
 many different channels, which grow larger and larger, 
 and finally unite into two large veins called the Vena 
 Cavas, which lead to the right auricle of the heart, and 
 the blood has completed the circuit of the body. 
 
 All of the blood passes through the heart in less than 
 three minutes. The arteries carry the blood from the 
 heart, while the veins carry it to it. 
 
 Human blood differs from any other animal, and can 
 readily be distinguished. 
 
 The heart is capable of exerting force enough to raise 
 the blood to a height of six feet, and six ounces of the fluid 
 are expelled from the ventricle at each pulsation. 
 
 The arteries are usually found empty after death, while 
 the veins remain full. 
 
 There are valves at intervals throughout the veins, 
 which prevent the blood from flowing backward. 
 
 There are a set of vessels called Lymphatics, which are 
 necessary to the nourishment of the body. The watery 
 parts of food containing sugar, salts, etc., can be taken up 
 
 *' the blood capillaries, but the fats cannot. 
 In the small intestine fat is acted upon by the bile and 
 pancreatic juice, and as a result of that action the fat no 
 longer floats in large globules among the food, but is made 
 into a milk-like mixture, called Chyle. This chyle is sepa- 
 rated from the contents of the intestinal canal by the small 
 vilM, already referred to, and sucked up into the Laeteals, 
 which spread out all over the body. The material that 
 outers the lacteals is conveyed to what is called the Mesen- 
 tery, a net-work of vessels located in the back part of the 
 body, and to which the intestines are attached. Among 
 the meshes of the mesentery are numerous lymphatic 
 glands, which are about the size of an almond; here the 
 chyle undergoes a change and is then carried along to the 
 root of the neck through the Thoracic duct, and is conveyed 
 thence to the Jiunilar vein. 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 THE LUNGS 
 
 The lungs occupy with the heart the upper part of the 
 chest. They are of a very spongy nature, and capable of 
 being compressed into a small space, or of being greatly 
 distended. Into the tissues of the lungs run a great num- 
 ber of small tubes called Bronchial tubes. These tubes as 
 they enter the tissue grow smaller and smaller, and end 
 in a spongy mass of minute sacs, upon whose outer walls 
 area net - work of 
 blood capillaries. 
 When the air we 
 breathe enters the 
 little sacs of the 
 lungs, the oxygen it 
 contains passes 
 through t h e i r thin 
 walls into the blood, 
 while the carbonic 
 acid, which is in the 
 blood, is given back 
 in exchange, and it 
 goes out with the 
 breath exhaled. The 
 body would soon die 
 if deprived of oxy- 
 gen, hence the neces- 
 sity of pure air. It 
 would be impossible 
 for a person to com- 
 mit suicide by refus- 
 ing to breathe, for 
 the involuntary mus- 
 cles would prove 
 stronger than his 
 will; yet he could starve himself to death by refusing 
 to eat. 
 
 The diaphragm, previously spoken of, plays a very im- 
 portant part in respiration, as it is one of the muscles that 
 controls the lungs, in addition to being a partition between 
 the chest and abdomen. 
 
 To illustrate the necessity of fresh air, I will relate a 
 story of facts that occurred on board of one of the ocean 
 
 FIG. 7. The Lungs. 
 
 A. Wind Pipe 
 
 B. Left Bronchial Tube. 
 
 C. Right 
 
 D. Branches of 
 
THE LUNGS 
 
 21 
 
 steamers, the Londonderry, in the year of 1848, on her 
 passage from Liverpool to America. 
 
 On account of stormy weather, the captain ordered the 
 passengers below into the hold; the hatches were closed, 
 and in the morning seventy-two dead bodies were found, 
 while the balance were in a state of collapse. 
 
 The poisonous matter exhaled from the lungs is so 
 deadly that if a small portion be injected beneath the skin 
 of a rabbit, it would result in death. 
 
 Connected with the function of respiration is the voice, 
 an organ called the Larynx, so prominent in the throat of 
 some persons, and commonly called the Adam's apple. 
 
 The Glottis, as it is properly termed, is bounded on 
 each side by the edges of thin, elastic, membranous folds 
 called the Vocal cords. The pitch of the voice is regulated 
 by these cords; the shorter or tighter these cords are, the 
 higher will be the pitch. 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 THE KIDNEYS AND SKTX 
 
 The main work of the kidneys is to extract urea from 
 (he blood; they also extract a large quantity of water. 
 The excretion passes down through a tube that lends 
 from each kidney, called the ureters, to the bladder, and 
 thence from the body. It 
 amounts to about three 
 pints daily. The kidneys 
 are of a bean shape, and 
 about four inches in 
 length and two in thick- 
 ness. They are composed 
 of numerous small tubes 
 m a d e up of tiny cells, 
 which unite and open up 
 in a pocket on the side of 
 the kidney, from whence 
 the contents are carried 
 to the bladder. The 
 amount of material se- 
 c r e t e d by the kidneys 
 varies in accordance to 
 the amount of water con- 
 sumed, and the external 
 temperature; also to the 
 extent of exercise in- 
 dulged in. The skin and 
 kidneys co-operate to this 
 extent : if considerable 
 water is removed in the 
 shape of sweat by the 
 skin, less is expelled by 
 the kidneys. In cold 
 weather the skin is less 
 active, and a greater 
 quantity is thrown on the 
 
 kidneys. Nervous disorders also affect the quantity. The 
 function of the bladder is to collect and retain the urine 
 until a certain quantity is collected and then to expel it in 
 a stream. The urine enters the bladder drop by drop, and 
 is passed off at will. There is a muscle at the base of the 
 bladder called the Sphincter, which prevents its contents 
 from returning to the ureters. 
 
 FIG. 8. Vertical Section through 
 Kidney. 
 
 1, 2, 3 and 4, Absorbents. 
 
 5, Points of Absorbents. 
 
 6, Columns. 
 
 7, Urinal Reservoir. 
 
 8, Ureter to Bladder. 
 
THE KIDNEYS AXD SKTN 
 
 2:-'. 
 
 There are few parts of the body more actively engaged 
 than the skin in removing waste material from the system. 
 It consists of two layers, the Cutis vera, or true skin, and 
 the Epidermis, or cuticle. The true skin is composed of 
 fibers, which are more densely woven near the surface 
 than deeper in the structure. Upon the external surface 
 are little conical prominences known as Papille, and are 
 irregularly distributed throughout the body, being more 
 numerous at the ends of the fingers. Although all parts 
 of the skin are sensitive, the papille are extremely so. 
 p]ach papille contains not only a minute artery and vein, 
 but also a loop of nerves. They are easily noticed in what 
 is termed goose-flesh. The skin contains, in addition, 
 numerous lymphatic vessels, so minute as to be invisible 
 to the naked eye. 
 
 Winding in and out over the true skin are the Sudorif- 
 erous glands, which secrete the perspiration, and whose 
 office is two-fold; they remove noxious matter from the 
 system and diminish animal heat, and thereby equalize the 
 temperature of the body. 
 
 The cuticle being destitute of nerves and blood vessels, 
 is not sensitive. It consists of horny scales, which are 
 continually dropping off, new ones being supplied by the 
 true skin below. 
 
CHAPTEB VII 
 
 THE NERVES 
 
 The latest scientific definition of life is nerve force. 
 This is the form of energy that gives to the body power 
 of thought and action. It is the absence of this energy 
 that transmutes what was at one moment an active, vital 
 machine into an inert, lifeless form. Although no visible 
 change has taken place, the heart has ceased to beat; the 
 blood no longer flows through the veins to nourish, develop 
 and sustain, and all the other organs have ceased their 
 labor. What has caused this marvelous change? What 
 is the element in the living that is absent in the dead! 
 
 There is no secret in the framework of bone, held to- 
 gether by sinews and muscles; nor in its covering of flesh; 
 nor in the system of organs within this frame, or in the 
 several duties they perform. The energy that gives them 
 life, what is it? Nerve force. It is an indefinable form 
 of energy that is generated in the cells of the brain and 
 spinal cord, and sent out through the system of nerves to 
 give power to the organs, as electricity is sent out through 
 wires to furnish light, power, and heat. The nerves are 
 divided into two grand divisions, the Cerebro-Spinal, and 
 the Sympathetic or Gangl ionic. The first control all of 
 our voluntary acts, while the second act automatically, 
 which control the action of the heart, digestive organs, 
 kidneys, etc. The cerebro-spinal nerves preside over the 
 animal functions, while the office of the ganglionic nerves 
 is to regulate nutrition. 
 
 While these two systems are anatomically distinct, 
 there is more or less intimate connection between them, 
 and because of this relationship influences that affect one 
 will act upon the other, as, for example, the heart, over 
 which we possess no will power, will be agitated through 
 fear and other emotions. The nerves, like the blood ves- 
 sels and lacteal s, form a net-work over the surface of the 
 whole body, and no part can be touched without coming in 
 contact with them. 
 
 The nerves have their origin in the brain and spinal 
 cord, and both sets have the same covering, and run 
 parallel to ea'ch other. 
 
 \Ve will have to discuss the brain, now, in order to 
 understand the nerves better. The brain is divided into 
 
THE 
 
 three distinct departments: the Cerebrum, which occupies 
 the to]) and front of the skull, and part of the back, and 
 the Cerebellum, in the back; then, just below, the Medulla 
 Oblongata. The 
 brain contains 
 two kinds of tis- 
 s n e , one gray 
 and the other 
 white. It is the 
 function of the 
 gray matter to 
 receive the im- 
 pressions, a n d 
 to formulate 
 ideas and com- 
 mands, while the 
 white matter, 
 which is thread- 
 like in structure, 
 is to carry them 
 to the required 
 point. The gray 
 matter may be* 
 likened to t h o 
 battery which 
 generates, a n d 
 the white matter 
 to the wires that 
 convey the elec- 
 tricity. The ce- 
 rebrum is the 
 organ of mind, 
 where the intel- 
 1 e c t is, a n d 
 where all volun- 
 tary motion and 
 acts have their 
 origin. It is the 
 largest division 
 
 of the brain, be- Fuv - 9. The Nervous System. 
 
 ing three times 
 
 larger than the other two combined. The function of the 
 cerebellum, which is of the same structure, is to preside 
 over the co-ordination of muscular motion. The medulla 
 oblon'gata is the gradually changing connection between 
 the brain and the spinal cord, and while not endowed with 
 
 
SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 A- 
 
 the intellectual faculties or possibilities of the cerebrum, 
 it is the center of life, because from it originate the" nerves 
 which control many of the vital functions. The spinal cord 
 is a continuation of this part of the brain, and in its course 
 it is continually sending off nerves to different parts of 
 the body. The nerves, like the wires of the electric ma- 
 chine, must form a complete circuit. It must have means 
 to return to the 
 seat of generation. 
 Throughout t h e 
 body are small 
 sacs, which come 
 under the control 
 of the ganglionic 
 nerves ; in fact, are 
 a part of them. 
 They are practic- 
 ally small brains, 
 and act locally, so 
 to speak. If food 
 
 be introduced into // f/^ E 
 
 t h e stomach, an 
 impression is made 
 on a nerve in the 
 walls of that or- 
 gan, and it acts on 
 the food at the 
 command of the 
 little sac. This im- 
 pression is not 
 carried to the 
 b rain, as in the 
 case of the volun- 
 tary nerves, for we have no direct power to change its 
 action. To sum up, the function of all the organs directed 
 by the will are controlled by the cerebro-spinal, and those 
 over which we have no control are governed by the gangli- 
 onic nerves. 
 
 FIG. 
 
 10. Inside Surface of Left Lobe of Brain. 
 
 A, Convolutions. 
 
 B, Nervous Matter. 
 
 C, Optic Mass. 
 
 D, Nerve Matter. 
 
 E, Spinal Cord. 
 
 F, Cerebellum. 
 
 G, Convolutions of Cerebellum. 
 4th Ventricle or Space. 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS APPERTAINING TO HEALTH 
 
 Any material taken into the stomach and causing dis- 
 order is liable to result in illness of different kinds to other 
 organs, on account of their close connection. Hence the 
 necessity of care in the selection of proper food and drink, 
 and exposure to influences that tend to lower vitality. 
 
 It has been said that what is food for one is often 
 poison for another, so it is dependent on individual judg- 
 ment to decide what course to pursue. Much depends upon 
 the constitutional temperament, the existing condition of 
 the organs, etc. 
 
 It may occur to the reader that by absolutely correct 
 living one should live indefinitely, for we know that the 
 body is being supplied with material that has been cast off, 
 as constantly as required. We see some who have lived 
 a long time and then die, who were free of any organic 
 disease. 
 
 As age advances, the bones and arteries become hard- 
 ened, the blood flows with less speed, and the different 
 organs lose their elasticity; vitality wanes little by little 
 from no apparent cause, and finally death ensues. 
 
 We may assume that certain wastes were not wholly 
 renewed, or that some ingredients were added to parts 
 which gradually changed their structure until eventually 
 they ceased to perform their duties entirely. 
 
 Our conduct should be such as the conditions demand. 
 We should be moderate in all things. 
 
 So live that when the summons come you will depart 
 this life with few regrets, and leave behind memories that 
 will stimulate others to emulate your example. 
 
 In all ages of the world the attention of the wisest of 
 men has been directed to the great problem of life. What 
 am I? For what purpose have I been created? Whv am 
 
 I here? 
 'K 
 
 now thyself" was written ages ago, and it is the 
 most vital question before man today. It is' impossible for 
 any one man to know it all, but any one can learn much 
 that will materially benefit him, by a little study, which 
 becomes a habit; it may be at first 'a little irksome, but as 
 we proceed we soon discover it to be a pleasant duty. Our 
 desire to learn more increases with every addition to our 
 
l } 8 SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 knowledge, and through wisdom's channel life is brighter 
 and bettor. 
 
 By knowledge of his anatomy, man is capable of pro- 
 longing his life, and enjoying it better, for he will then 
 avoid many things that are harmful. 
 
 Let us 'take up, briefly, a discussion of the human body 
 and its functional requirements. 
 
 A very important part is the skin, the one concerned in 
 eliminating the waste from the system through the pores; 
 if these become clogged, the poison is left in the body, and 
 illness follows; thus we learn the necessity of cleanliness. 
 
 The bones come next, the composition of which is mostly 
 lime. As they are the frame which supports the body, they 
 must be strong, and if the food we eat be deficient in lime 
 they grow soft. 
 
 The muscles are next to follow. They control all of 
 our movements, and as they depend on the blood for nour- 
 ishment, and as the blood supply is in turn dependent on 
 the food taken into the stomach, it is necessary that all the 
 elements requisite for proper sustenance should be used for 
 this purpose. 
 
 It is estimated that no particle that is in our system 
 today will be there seven years hence, and some of the 
 parts are renewed more often, such as the finger nails, 
 which are renewed two or three times a year. This process 
 of carrying off and rebuilding is accomplished by the 
 organs known as the nutritive apparatus, of which there 
 are three parts, the digestive, the respiratory, and the cir- 
 culatory systems. 
 
 The digestive organs comprise the teeth, the "stomach, 
 the intestines, etc. The teeth grind the food, and after 
 being mixed with the saliva the pulpy mass enters the 
 stomach, where it mixes with the gastric juice, and is then 
 carried into the intestine in the form of what is called 
 Chyme; it is then acted upon by the bile and pancreatic 
 juice, which convert it into what is termed Chyle, a milk- 
 like fluid, a great portion of which is absorbed by the villi 
 and carried into the blood. 
 
 The heart receives the blood coming from the body, 
 mixed with the fluid food from the intestines, and sends it 
 to the lungs, whence, after many important changes, it is 
 returned to the heart to be sent on its journey throughout 
 the body. As the blood makes this grand circuit, each 
 member of the body takes from it whatever it may need. 
 The bones one portion, the muscles another, the nerves 
 another, and so on to every part. This tour is not only 
 
GENERAL REMARKS APPERTAINING TO HEALTH 29 
 
 one of distribution, but one of collection as well, for it 
 gathers up all the waste particles that are to be expelled 
 in various ways. 
 
 It has been seen that the blood came back to one of the 
 four chambers of the heart from various parts of the body, _ 
 loaded with impurities. This mixture is not fit to go out 
 into the body again, so it goes to the lungs, where it is 
 purified by the air we breathe. 
 
 The air we breathe is composed of about one-fifth oxy- 
 gen, the substance needed to purify the blood. 
 
 The walls of the little air tubes in the lungs, also the 
 walls of the blood vessels, are so thin that the impure 
 gases pass through and mix with the air, while the oxygen 
 passes into the blood, making it bright red, healthy. The 
 air, laden with impurities from the blood, is expelled in 
 the act of expiration. 
 
 The operation of the lungs is very rapid, and as all of 
 the blood must pass through them once in every three 
 minutes or less, some idea may be formed of the amount 
 of work they perform, and the necessity of pure air. 
 
 We know that the nerves are the origin of all action, 
 but how they control our movements is not fully under- 
 stood. The carpenter in driving a nail is told by the optic 
 nerve the exact location of it, and the motor nerve carries 
 orders to the arm to hit it, but we cannot tell precisely how 
 
 is is done. 
 How expressive is the face of man! How clearly it 
 nounces the thoughts and sentiments of the mind ! Love, 
 hate, anger, and joy are plainly depicted. Guilt shrinks 
 from detection, innocence declares its confidence, and hope 
 shines out in bright expectation. 
 
 Bearing in mind, then, that the brain and nerves are 
 the instruments of the thinking mind, and are also wound 
 in with every process of the body, we can easily understand 
 the necessity of keeping them in a healthy condition. 
 Sound mind, sound intellect, and sound physique, these 
 three go hand in hand. It is impossible for an unhealthy 
 person to perform wholesome mental labor. All of the 
 men mentioned in history as leaders in their time have 
 carefully watched over the condition of their bodies. 
 
 It is surprising to what heights man may climb by 
 judicious use of the talents with which he is endowed. 
 There is nothing worth having which he cannot acquire if 
 he but make up his mind fully to accomplish it. 
 
 We must ever be on our guard against temptation to 
 exceed the limit of safety, and check the desire to indulge 
 
30 SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 in harmful pleasures. Never go to extremes in anything. 
 Always keep a reserved force in store with which to meet 
 emergencies. 
 
 The great majority of people eat too much. We are 
 creatures of habit, and think that because the usual time 
 of indulgence has arrived we must eat, regardless of the 
 inevitable result, and many of the ills from which man 
 suffers can be traced to that baneful habit. 
 
 Nature will notify a healthy person when to partake of 
 food, and the quantity necessary. Better to leave the 
 table a little hungry than to overload the stomach. 
 
 Man is an imitative creature, and is prone to follow the 
 leader. Don't be led; act independently, and be guided by 
 the dictates of your own conscience, which is usually right. 
 Men differ in constitution, and cannot judge correctly by 
 the conduct of others. 
 
 Each of our faculties can be improved by cultivation, 
 and it is the duty of man to aim at perfection. 
 
 The chase after the almighty dollar engrosses so much 
 of the time of the majority that they neglect to attend to 
 the very details which are necessary to obtain it. Health 
 is wealth, and no amount of riches can buy it. 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 COMMON ILLS AND THETR REMEDIES 
 
 It should be understood that in all cases of disease a 
 reliable physician should be consulted. 
 
 It is not, therefore, intended by presenting* the follow- 
 ing information to supersede the important and necessary 
 practice of the medical man, but to afford relief until such 
 a time as his services are needed. In cases where the ail- 
 ment may be of a slight character, or in which remote resi- 
 dence, or other circumstances, may deny the privilege of 
 medical attendance, the following particulars will be found 
 of the utmost value. There are many ills that will yield 
 to simple treatment, and it is not necessary to call in a 
 doctor every time one feels "a little out of sorts." 
 
 However, in all cases where there are complications, 
 where there is serious organic trouble, a skilful physician 
 is necessary, and full confidence should be accorded him. 
 
 A common cold if attended to in time will avert possible 
 disaster, and the means of restoration are within the reach 
 of all. The cause of colds can, with proper precaution, be 
 rendered harmless, for they are the result, usually, of the 
 neglect of the simple rules of health, by carelessness in 
 ^xposing the body to needless 'danger. 
 
 We should avoid wetting the feet and remaining inactive 
 and exposing the body to drafts, especially while the body 
 is warm from exercise. 
 
 In the case of a cold that has not become deep-seated, its 
 progress can be prevented, and a cure effected by bathing 
 the feet in hot water, to which has been added a quantity 
 of mustard, then take a 10-grain dose of Dover's powder, 
 followed in a short while with a hot drink, and then get 
 into bed. If this course is followed, the cold will usually 
 be broken up. 
 
 In the absence of the powder, Quinine, a five-grain dose, 
 may be taken with good result. The bowels must be kept 
 in order at all times. If there is a tendency to constipa- 
 tion, a physic should be taken. 
 
 Fever may bo said to be a general term, under which 
 re included several forms of disease, and is one of the 
 most common, and frequently one of the most complicated 
 complaints to which the body is liable. It affects the sys- 
 tem generally, and is rather a symptom than a disease. 
 
 ?, 
 
^2 SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 A person suffering from a fever should remain in bod 
 and take the following: 
 
 Rochelle Salt, 1 oz. Carbonate of Magnesia, 1 dr. 
 
 Peppermint Water, 6 ozs. 
 Mix, and take a teaspoonful every three hours. 
 
 A good tonic that costs little can be made as follows: 
 Sulphate of. Quinine, 1 dr. Leptandrin, 1 dr. 
 Tartaric Acid, 1 dr. 
 
 A sufficient quantity of alcoholic extract of black Cohosh 
 to moisten so as to make into pills. Mix well together, and 
 divide into 4-grain pills, and take one three times a day. 
 
 Headache is caused by different disorders, and is quite 
 common. If from a common cold, the snuff formula below 
 will be found of benefit: 
 
 Pulverized Bay Berry, 1 oz. Peruvian Bark, 1 oz. 
 Blood Root, 1 oz. 
 Mix well in a mortar, and use several times a day. 
 
 If a headache is caused by too much blood in the head, 
 avoid all food of a heating nature, and bathe the feet in 
 hot water, to which has been added a little mustard or 
 cayenne pepper, and take of the following mixture: 
 Pulverized Cayenne, 60 grs. Quinine, 10 grs. 
 Ipecac, 15 grs. Pulverized Opium, 10 grs. 
 
 Make into thirty pills, and take one at night and one in the 
 morning. 
 
 Headache from constipation and gastric derangement 
 may be relieved by the following: 
 Podophyllin, 20 grs. Gamboge, 20 grs. 
 
 Scammony, 20 grs. Rhubarb, 20 grs. 
 
 Cayenne, 20 grs. 
 
 Take sufficient extract of Mandrake to form into 25 pills, 
 and take three at night and three in the morning. 
 
 For what is usually termed a sick headache, bathe the 
 head in an equal portion of each of Spirits of Camphor, 
 Vinegar, and water, then take of the following: 
 Super-carbonic of Soda, Prepared Charcoal, 1 dr. 
 
 V-2 dr. Water, 1 oz. 
 
 Paregoric, 1 dr. 
 
 Mix, and take in one dose, and repeat in fifteen minutes if 
 not relieved. 
 
COMMON ILLS AXD THEIR REMEDIES 
 
 33 
 
 , 
 
 Nervous headache is a form of Neuralgia, for which 
 take: 
 
 Extract of Aconite, V> gr. Extract of Stramonium, 
 
 Vs gr. 
 
 Valerianate of Quinine, 
 
 V4 gr. 
 
 ix, and take in one pill. 
 
 tinues, repeat in every hour until relieved, 
 of the following teas: Skull-cap, or Catnip. 
 
 If the case is severe, and con- 
 Drink freelv 
 
 Toothache, if the tooth is not too badly decayed, will 
 he relieved by a pill made of Gum Camphor and Opium, 
 and inserted in the cavity. A decayed tooth should be filled 
 by a competent dentist. 
 
 For Quinsy take a small handful of Sage, and as much 
 of Sumach berries or bark, and put into three pints of 
 water and boil down to one pint, then add a teaspoonful 
 each of Pulverized Alum and Saltpetre. Strain, and 
 sweeten with Honey, and gargle the throat with the mix- 
 ture frequently. 
 
 Pain in the side caused by what is termed False Pleu- 
 risy will be overcome by the following: 
 Oil of Sassafras, iy L > ozs. Oil of Hemlock, I 1 /, ozs. 
 Oil of Origanum, 1 oz. Laudanum, l.oz. 
 
 Mix, and nil") on the affected part. 
 
 For Asthma, use : 
 
 Lobelia Seed, 1 oz. Skunk Cabbage Balls, 1 oz. 
 
 High Cranberry Bark, 2 ozs. Stramonium Seed, i/o oz. 
 Capsicum, i/> oz. Alcohol, 5 pints 
 
 Mix, and let stand two weeks, shaking frequently. Dose: 
 From twenty to fifty drops three times a day, or during 
 tbe paroxysm as often as necessary. 
 
 Piles are probably the most common of all the ills, and 
 in order to render any local application effective the bowels 
 must be regulated, for which the following is beneficial: 
 
 Equal parts of Flowers of Sulphur and Cream of Tar- 
 tar, taken in doses of a teaspoonful once a day in molasses, 
 as required. 
 
 Iviib on the affected parts a salve made as follows: 
 Lard, 2ozs. Sulphur, 1 dr. 
 
 Mix, and rub between two plates of lead until it is well 
 ilackened. 
 
:u 
 
 SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 Pain in the back is common, and is often blamed on the 
 kidneys when they are not involved. The symptoms of 
 kidney trouble are usually chills in the back and loins, ex- 
 tending to the bladder, which is aggravated by pressure. 
 There is sometimes nausea, a desire to vomit. The urine 
 is scanty, highly colored, and often bloody. In all cases 
 where the kidneys are involved a physician should be con- 
 sulted. 
 
 The following i-s recommended for backache: 
 Sweet Spirits of Nitre, 2 ozs. Spirits of Turpentine, 1 oz. 
 Oil of Sweet Almonds, 2 ozs. 
 
 Mix, and take a teaspoonful every three or four hours, in 
 Spearmint tea. 
 
 The following remedy was originally purchased at great 
 expense, and will be found of value in many cases where 
 a liniment is required. It is invaluable in all surface pains, 
 such as neuralgia, rheumatism, toothache, etc. : 
 Alcohol, 1 oz. Chloroform, % oz. 
 
 Gum Camphor, y 2 oz - ^ f Cloves, Vi> dr. 
 
 Oil of Lavender, 1 dr. Sulphuric Ether, % oz. 
 
 Laudanum, Vs z - 
 Mix thoroughly together, and rub in well. 
 
 Dyspepsia is one of the most common diseases with 
 which the physician meets. Those who are of sedentary 
 habits, who have little opportunity for exercise, are more 
 subject to it than others. It is the result of indigestion, 
 and is often caused by imperfect mastication of food. We 
 eat too hastily, and the food enters the stomach in such a 
 condition that the mass is imperfectly acted upon by the 
 gastric juices, and it is not all passed out in time, but 
 i (>mains in the stomach, where it putrefies. Eating late 
 at night just before retiring, anger, great joy, all the emo- 
 tions, in fact, are fruitful causes of Dyspepsia, as is also 
 eating after great bodily fatigue. It is not necessary to 
 admonish any one what not to eat, as we all soon discover 
 what is objectionable, and, besides, no set rule can be laid 
 down, because what would be harmful to some might prove 
 beneficial to others. In acidity of the stomach, the follow- 
 ing is of benefit: 
 Powdered Bay Berry Bark. Bicarbonate of Soda, 1 oy.. 
 
 1 oz. Powdered Golden Seal, 1 oz. 
 
 Powdered Prickly Ash Bark, Powdered Bitter Root, 1 oz. 
 
 1 oz. 
 
 Mix, and take from one-half to one teaspoonful throe times 
 a dav. 
 
COMMON ILLS AND THEIR REMEDIES 35 
 
 For chronic cases take : 
 
 Powdered Blue Flag, 1 oz. Powdered Mandrake, 1 oz. 
 Powdered Bitter Root, 1 oz. Powdered Blood Root, i/ 2 oz. 
 Capsicum, 2 dr. 
 Mix, and take as above. 
 
 For chronic constipation take : 
 Oxide of Bismuth, 12 grs. Aloes, 24 grs. 
 Make into twelve pills with molasses, and take four at 
 night on going to bed until the stomach is strengthened. 
 
 The liver is usually out of order in all cases of dyspep- 
 sia, and the following will correct the trouble: One-half 
 drachm each of Extract of Gentian and Powdered Rhu- 
 barb, and four grains of Blue Mass. 
 
 Make into twenty pills, and take one three times a day, 
 until relieved. 
 
 The following bitters are valuable in dyspepsia : 
 Peruvian Bark, 1 oz. Gentian Root, 1 oz. 
 
 Orange Peel, % oz. Coriander Seed, ] / L > oz. 
 
 Bruise all together in a mortar, and put them in a quart 
 of French brandy, and let stand for four or five days, then 
 take a teaspoonful in a glass of water an hour before 
 neals. 
 
 Constipation is very common, and should be avoided, 
 as the majority of the ills from which we suffer are caused 
 by failure to evacuate the bowels. 
 
 Do not under any circumstances neglect to attend to a 
 call of nature in this respect. Form the habit of going to 
 the toilet at a certain time every morning; even should the 
 desire to evacuate fail to manifest itself, persist, and 
 nature will establish a habit of vital importance. 
 
 Proper exercise should be taken every day, and the 
 right kind of food selected. Fruit, coarse bread and soup 
 are excellent articles of diet for one subject to constipa- 
 tion, and salt meats, pastry, cheese, and highly seasoned 
 dishes should be avoided. 
 
 A mixture of Rhubarb, 2 parts ; Bicarbonate of Potassa, 
 part, mixed into 6-grain doses, and taken in a little warm 
 water three times a day, one hour before each meal, will 
 act favorably. 
 
 When the bowels become loose, the following will be of 
 benefit: 
 
 Compound syrup of Rhubarb and Potassa, 4 ozs. 
 Issence of Peppermint, 1 dr. Paregoric, 4 dr. 
 >onful three times a day. 
 
.'Id SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 For Ague: 
 Quinine, 20 grs. Dover's Powders, 10 grs. 
 
 Sub-carbonate of Iron, 1.0 grs. 
 
 Mix with mucilage of Gum Arabic, and form into 20 pills. 
 Take two each hour, commencing five hours before the chill 
 should set in; then take one night and morning, until all 
 are taken. 
 
 For sore throat : One-half pint of strong sage tea. two 
 tablespoonfuls each of strained honey, salt and vinegar. 
 Take a teaspoonful of cayenne, and mix with the tea first, 
 then add the other ingredients. Bottle, and use as a gargle 
 several times a day. 
 
 For felons: Take half a pint of sweet oil, and put into 
 it a piece of plug tobacco about the size of a half dollar, 
 and stew until it is crisp, then squeeze the tobacco out, and 
 add one ounce of red lead, and boil until black. When 
 partly cooled, add one ounce of powdered camphor gum, 
 and wrap around the affected part. 
 
 Another Cure for Felon: Wind a cloth loosely about the 
 finger, leaving the end open, then pour in black gunpowder 
 enough to cover the part afflicted, and keep it moist with 
 strong Spirits of Camphor. 
 
 For Warts and Corns: Take a small piece of Potash, 
 and let it stand in the air until it slacks, then thicken it 
 to a paste with pulverized Gum Arabic. Pare off the top 
 of corn or wart, and apply the paste, and let it stand for 
 about ten minutes; then wash off and soak in vinegar. 
 Wear well-fitting shoes, and you will not be troubled with 
 corns. 
 
 For Stomach Worms: Take one-half ounce each of 
 Manna, Carolina Pink root, Senna leaf, and American 
 Worm seed; bruise and pour on one pint of boiling water, 
 then steep, but do not boil. Sweeten, and add a pint of 
 milk. A child may take one gill three times a day, before 
 meals, until the bowels move freely. If no favorable re- 
 sults ensue, wait a day and increase' the dose, continuing 
 until the end is accomplished. 
 
 For Tape Worm: Pulverized Pumpkin seeds, two ounces 
 every four hours, for four or five days; if necessary, take 
 a cathartic to move the bowels freely. One ounce of Tur- 
 pentine in Castor Oil is also effective. 
 
 To stop the flow of blood from a slight cut, take equal 
 parts of salt and wheat flour, and sprinkle on drv. If an 
 
COMMON TT.T.S AND THETR REMEDIES .>7 
 
 artery he cut, the blood will flow in spurts, and will be of 
 n bright red color; and to stop it, use a compress between 
 the cut and heart; if a vein be severed, the blood will be 
 of a dark red color, and flow steadily, and it must be com- 
 pressed on the side away from the heart. 
 
 For burns: Equal parts of turpentine, beeswax, and 
 sweet oil. Melt the wax and oil together, and when a little 
 cool add the turpentine, and stir until cold. This is an 
 excellent salve for cuts and bruises, also. 
 
 Palpitation of the Heart can be stopped temporarily by 
 drinking Soda Water. 
 
 For old Sores and Ulcers: One ounce each of Beeswax 
 and Rosin, mixed with four ounces of Mutton Tallow or 
 Lard. After melting, pour in one drachm of pulverized 
 Verdigris, and stir until cold. First thoroughly clean the 
 sore with warm water and soap. If there be any proud 
 flesh, sprinkle over with finely powdered Alum, and remove 
 as much as possible without causing bleeding, then apply 
 the ointment. 
 
 Another ointment may be made as follows: Equal parts 
 of Tincture of Myrrh, Aloes, and Blood Root, added to 
 the above ointment. 
 
 Chronic cases of Heartburn can be relieved with the 
 following: Mix a teaspoonful of prepared Chalk with five 
 grains of Ginger, and take in milk or water. Heartburn 
 is a misnomer, as it has no connection with the heart, being 
 caused by acidity of the stomach. 
 
 Hiccough is sometimes difficult to control, and the fol- 
 lowing will usually relieve: Twenty drops of Sal Volatile 
 and fifteen drops of Ether, in a wine glass of Camphor 
 water. 
 
 In severe cases, thirty drops of Laudanum in water. 
 
 For a Sore Throat: Wrap a piece of flannel about the 
 throat on retiring, and gargle with a strong solution of 
 Alum. 
 
 For Sprains: One ounce each of Spirits of Camphor. 
 Vinegar, and Spirits of Turpentine, rubbed in thoroughly, 
 after having soaked the affected part in very cold water 
 >r an hour or more. 
 
 It is very important in using liniments, ointments, etc., 
 rub them in thoroughly. The rubbing itself is of a cura- 
 ive nature, and it greatly assists in the action of medicine. 
 
Chapter X 
 POISONS AND TTTETH ANTIDOTES 
 
 hi rases of poisoning 1 , haste is imperative, and tlio first 
 thing- to do is to adniinistor an emetic to empty the stom- 
 ach, then give about a tablespoonful of salt mixed with 
 mustard, in warm water, or cold will answer. 
 
 Putting the ringer in the throat and moving it about 
 will usually bo effective. 
 
 Also salad oil in warm water, or three or four grains 
 of tobacco. 
 
 After the stomach has been emptied, administer the 
 following antidotes: 
 
 POISOXS A XTIDOTKS 
 
 Arsenic, or any preparation The white of eggs, 
 of. Any of each, Lime water. 
 
 Chalk and water. 
 Hydrate of iron. 
 
 Alcohol, etc.*, Dash cold water on the 
 
 head, and give diluted 
 Ammonia water. 
 
 Ammonia, Lemon juice,' diluted Vine- 
 
 gar, or Acetic acid. 
 
 Nitric, or any of the burn- Magnesia, or Soap water. 
 
 ing acids, 
 
 Antimony, Tea made of Peruvian bark, 
 
 or Galls, or White Oak 
 bark ; give freely. 
 
 Alkali Volatile, Drink freely of water with 
 
 Lemon juice or Vinegar 
 in it. 
 
 Citric and Acetic arid, Chalk, or Magnesia water, 
 
 Flaxseed tea, or L i m e 
 water. 
 
 Carbolic acid. Flour and water, or any 
 
 glutinous drink. 
 
 Cantharidos, Drink freely of milk or 
 
 Camphor water, a table- 
 spoonful, a n d r u b the 
 Spirits on the outside. 
 
POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Carbonate of soda, 
 "nils tic potash, 
 
 hloral hydrate, 
 
 Chloride of lime, 
 Cobalt, 
 
 orrosive sublimate, 
 Creosote, 
 
 /opperas, 
 Absinthe, 
 
 Belladonna, 
 
 Bitter almonds, and Peach 
 kernels, 
 
 Bine vitrol, and Sulphuric 
 acid, 
 
 Fish (Ptomaine), 
 
 Fowler's solution, 
 Poison oak, or Ivy, 
 
 Opium, Laudanum, etc., 
 Lime, 
 
 
 ANTIDOTKS 
 Soap, or Mucilage drink. 
 
 Drink freely of Lemonade 
 or diluted Vinegar. 
 
 Dash cold water on head 
 and face, and apply arti- 
 ficial respiration. 
 
 Lemonade, or diluted Vine- 
 gar, and physic. 
 
 Soap, or Mucilaginous 
 drinks. 
 
 Milk, or white of eggs, 
 freely. 
 
 Starch or flour mixed with 
 water, or white of eggs. 
 
 White of eggs. 
 
 Drink freely of Flaxseed 
 tea. 
 
 Drink freely of Lemonade 
 or Vinegar water. 
 
 Spirits of Hartshorn, strong 
 Coffee, and cold applica- 
 tions to the stomach. 
 
 Magnesia, Soap, Chalk, or 
 Lime water, then give 
 Mucilage water or milk. 
 
 Strong physic, then any al- 
 kaline drink. 
 
 Sweet oil, butter and milk. 
 
 Apply to affected part a 
 strong solution of Sugar 
 of Lead. 
 
 Strong Coffee, and keep the 
 patient awake at all haz- 
 ards. 
 
 Vinegar water, or Lemon 
 
 juice. 
 
lECRETS KEVEALED 
 
 POISONS 
 Lunar caustic, 
 Lye, 
 
 Mercury, 
 Morphine, 
 
 Muriatic acid, 
 Mushrooms, 
 Nitrate of silver, 
 Phosphorus, 
 
 "Paris green, Nux vomica, 
 etc., 
 
 Prussic acid (the deadliest 
 of poisons), 
 
 Strychnine, 
 
 Tobacco, 
 Tartaric acid, 
 
 ANTIDOTES 
 Milk, freely, then physic. 
 Vinegar, or Olive oil. 
 White of eggs. 
 
 Strong Coffee, and keep pa- 
 tient awake. 
 
 Magnesia, or soap water. 
 Kpsom salts, and stimulate. 
 Salt water freely. 
 
 Milk, or Magnesia, and fol- 
 low with Flaxseed tea. 
 
 Hydrate of iron, white of 
 eggs, Lime w a t e r , or 
 Chalk and water. 
 
 Coffee; inhale Ammonia, 
 Camphor, or Vinegar, and 
 pour water on the head 
 and back. 
 
 White of eggs, Lime water. 
 Hydrate of iron. 
 
 Whiskey and water. 
 Magnesia, or Soap water. 
 
 PROPORTIONAL DOSES OF MEDICINES 
 
 A full dose for ages above 21 years of age up to the 
 age of ()f), and above that age graduate in reverse order: 
 
 At 7 weeks of age, 
 At 7 months. 
 Under two years, 
 Under three. 
 Under four, 
 Tndei' seven, 
 Under fourteen, 
 Under twenty, 
 
 One-fifteenth. 
 
 One-twelfth. 
 
 One-eighth. 
 
 One-sixth. 
 
 One-fourth. 
 
 One-third. 
 
 One-half. 
 
 Two-fifths. 
 
CHAPTER XT 
 
 LATIN NAMES OF DRUGS AND THETR EQUIVALENT IN ENGLISH 
 
 LATIN 
 
 Acacia. 
 Acetum. 
 
 Acidum citricum. 
 Acidum hydrocyanieum. 
 Acidnm oxalicum. 
 Acidum tartaricum. 
 Adeps. 
 
 Allium sativnni. 
 A hi men. 
 
 Amygdala dulcis. 
 Apocynum cannabinum. 
 Aqua ammoniae. 
 Aqua calcis. 
 Argenti natras. 
 Aristiochia serpentaria. 
 Arnica montana. 
 Atropa belladonna. 
 Aurantii cortex. 
 A venae farina. 
 A venae sativa. 
 Butyrum. 
 
 Calamus aromaticus. 
 Calcis chloridum. 
 Cantharis vesicatoria. 
 Capsicum annuum. 
 Car bo ligni. 
 
 Caryopyllus aromaticus. 
 Cassia inaralandica. 
 Cephaelis ipecacauanlia. 
 Cera alba. 
 Cera flava. 
 
 Cerevis-lar fermentum. 
 Certraria islandica. 
 Chloroformi. 
 Cinchonia rupia. 
 Conolvolus jala]>a. 
 Cornus florida. 
 Creosotum. 
 Creta preparata. 
 
 ENGLISH 
 
 Gum arabic. 
 
 Vinegar. 
 
 Citric acid. 
 
 Prussic acid. 
 
 Oxalic acid. 
 
 Tartaric acid. 
 
 Lard. 
 
 Garlic. 
 
 Alum. 
 
 Sweet almonds. 
 
 Indian hemp. 
 
 Ammonia. 
 
 Lime water. 
 
 Caustic. 
 
 Snake root. 
 
 Arnica flowers. 
 
 Deadly night shade. 
 
 Orange peel. 
 
 Oatmeal. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Butter. 
 
 Calamus. 
 
 Chloride of lime. 
 
 Cantha rides. 
 
 Bed pepper. 
 
 Charcoal. 
 
 Cloves. 
 
 Senna. 
 
 Ipecac. 
 
 White wax. 
 
 Yellow wax. 
 
 Yeast. 
 
 Iceland moss. 
 
 Chloroform. 
 
 Peruvian bark. 
 
 Jalap. 
 
 Dogwood. 
 
 Creosote. 
 
 Prepared chalk. 
 
SECRETS 17 EV E ALED 
 
 LATTX 
 
 Crocus salivas. 
 
 Cupri sulphas. 
 
 I )alura stramonium. 
 
 Ku pa tor in in perfoliatum. 
 
 Ferri ferroeyanuretum. 
 
 Ferri sul])has. 
 
 Gaultheria procumbens. 
 
 Glycerina. 
 
 Q-lycyrrhhiza glabra. 
 
 I [amamelis virginiana. 
 
 I [ydrargryri corrosive 
 
 ehloridum. 
 
 Hydrargryri chloride mite. 
 Flyd ra rgr y ri ox i d vmi 
 
 rubrum. 
 
 Hy d ra s t i c ca naden i s. 
 lodinum. 
 
 Laurus campliora. 
 Lap|)a minor. 
 Leptrandra virglnica. 
 Linnin usitatissmum. 
 Lotii Iiydrargi-yri nigm. 
 Lupulina. 
 
 Magnesia earbonas. 
 Magnesia sulphas. 
 Maranta arundinacea. 
 Marriubium vnlgaro. 
 Mel despumatum, 
 Mentha pi])erita. 
 Mentha ])iilegium. 
 M oschus moscliiverns. 
 Myristica mosehata. 
 Xarthex asaftrtida. 
 Oleum amygdahr. 
 Oleum morrhuu'. 
 Oleum oliva-. 
 Oleum rieini. 
 Oleum terebinthinas. 
 Oleum tigleum. 
 Pa paver somniferum. 
 Pi^meiitum indicum. 
 Pilula 1 inassa- hydrargryri. 
 Piper nigrum. 
 Phytolacca. 
 
 Saffron. 
 Bluestone. 
 
 Thorn a])])le. 
 Boneset. 
 Prussian blue. 
 Green vitro I. 
 \Yintergreen. 
 Glycerine. 
 Licorice. 
 Witch hazel. 
 
 ( Corrosive sublimate. 
 Calomel. 
 
 Red precipitate. 
 
 Golden seal. 
 
 Iodine. 
 
 Camphor. 
 
 Burdock. 
 
 Culvers root. 
 
 Flax seed. 
 
 I > lack wash. 
 
 Hops. 
 
 Magnesia. 
 
 Epsom salts. 
 
 Arrow root. 
 
 Morehound. 
 
 Honey. 
 
 Peppermint. 
 
 Pennyroyal. 
 
 Musk. 
 
 Nutmeg. 
 
 Asafo?tida. 
 
 Oil of almonds. 
 
 Cod liver oil. 
 
 Olive oil. 
 
 Castor oil. 
 
 Turpentine. 
 
 Croton oil. 
 
 Poppy heads. 
 
 [ndigo. 
 
 Blue mass. 
 
 Black pepper. 
 
 Poke. 
 
LATIN NAMES OF DRUGS AND EQUIVALENT IN ENGLISH 48 
 
 LATIN 
 
 Plumbi acetas. 
 Pottassi nitras. 
 Pottassi supertartras. 
 Prunas virginiana. 
 Pulv ipecac et opii. 
 Quercus alba. 
 Rheuma officinale. 
 Rhus taxicodendron. 
 Saccharum album. 
 Saccharum laxtis. 
 Sagus rumphii. 
 Sanguinaria canadensis. 
 Sinapis alba. 
 Sinapis nigra. 
 Soda? chloridum. 
 Similax officinale. 
 Soda? hi boras. 
 Soda? carbonas. 
 Sodae et potassii tartras. 
 Soda? phosphas. 
 Soda? sulphas. 
 Solanum dulcamara, 
 Stillingia. 
 Sulphur rotundum. 
 Theobroma cacao. 
 Tinctura opii. 
 Tinctura opii camphorata, 
 Ulmas fulva, 
 Xanthroxylum 
 igiber offinalis. 
 
 ENGLISH 
 
 Sugar of lead. 
 Saltpetre. 
 Cream of tartar. 
 Wild cherry. 
 Dover's powders. 
 White oak. 
 Rhubarb. 
 Poison oak. 
 White sugar. 
 Sugar of milk. 
 Sago. 
 Bloodroot. 
 White mustard. 
 Black mustard. 
 Salt. 
 
 Sarsaparilla. 
 Borax. 
 
 Carbonate of soda, 
 Rochelle salts. 
 Phosphate of soda. 
 Glauber salts. 
 Bitter sweet. 
 Queen root. 
 Sulphur. 
 Chocolate. 
 Laudanum. 
 Paregoric. 
 Slippery elm. 
 Prickly ash. 
 Ginger. 
 
CHAPTER XTT 
 
 FORMULAS OF PATKXT MEDICINES 
 
 Dr. Pierce'* Golden Medical Discovery 
 
 ozs. 
 
 oz. 
 
 ozs. 
 
 oz. 
 
 oz. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Cinchona. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Colombo, 
 
 Fluid Extract of (Uiiae, 
 
 Fluid Extract of Licorice, 
 
 Tincture of Opium, y 4 
 
 Podophyllin (Resinoid), 30 grs. 
 
 Glycerine, 1 pint 
 
 Dissolve the podophyllin in alcohol, then add the other 
 ingredients. Thoroughly mix, and take a teaspoonful twice 
 a dav. 
 
 Peruno 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pt. 
 Cubebs, 1 dr. 
 Burnt Sugar, 
 Water, 1} pts. 
 
 oz. 
 
 Cascarets 
 
 C a s ca r i n e , 1 '2 1/ -_> gr 
 Podophyllin, 8 grs. 
 A loin, 12 1/0 grs. 
 Belladonna, 8 grs. 
 Sugar, 8 ozs. 
 
 drs. 
 
 Haarlem 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 1 pt. 
 Linseed Oil, */> pt. 
 Balsam of Sulphur, 1 gill 
 Barbadoes Tar, V> gill 
 Crude Oil of Amber, 1 oz. 
 
 //. />. li. 
 Bud m, Vi oz - 
 I'va Ursi, 2 1 /* drs. 
 Extract of Cubebs, 
 Alcohol, 4 ozs. 
 Oil of Peppermint, 1 dr. 
 
 Centaur Liniment 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 2 ozs. 
 
 < )il of Spike, .'5 ozs. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 1 oz. 
 
 Oil of Petroleum, o ozs. 
 
 Oil of (Moves, 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, 
 
 Oil of Cedar, 
 
 Oil of Origanum, 
 
 L igh / n ing Liu im cut 
 
 Glycerine, 1 oz. Extract of Aconite, 1 
 
 Alcohol, 4 ozs. oil of Mustard, 1 
 
 This is a valuable liniment for rheumatism. 
 
 2 drs. 
 2 ozs. 
 2 ozs. 
 2 ozs. 
 
 Oil of Wormwood, 
 
 2 ozs. 
 
 Oil of Tansy, 
 
 2 drs. 
 
 A(|iia Ammonia. 
 
 2 ozs. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, 
 
 2 ozs. 
 
 Opodeldoc, 
 
 2 ozs. 
 
 Gum Camphor, 
 
 2 ozs. 
 
 Chloroform, 
 
 2 ozs. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 1 gal. 
 
 dr. 
 
FORMULAS OF PATENT MEDICINES 45 
 
 Mexican Mustang Liniment 
 Petroleum, '2 ozs. Brandy, 1 dr. 
 
 A(|iia Ammonia, 1. oz. 
 
 Hamlin's Wizard Oil 
 
 Tincture of Camphor, 2 ozs. Aqua Ammonia, V- oz. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, V> oz. Chloroform, 2 drs. 
 
 Powdered Cayenne, y 2 oz. Oil of Sassafras, Vl> oz - 
 
 Alcohol, V> oz. Turpentine, 1 dr. 
 Oil of Cloves, 1 dr. 
 
 Radu'ay's Ready Relief 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum, 1 oz. Aqua Ammonia, M> oz. 
 Spirits of Camphor, 2 ozs. Alcohol. Vi oz. 
 
 Soap Liniment, 1 ' > ozs. 
 
 Perny /)r/?;?V Pm A^/7/pr SJ. Jacob's Oil 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum, 1 oz. Ether, 1 oz. 
 
 Spirits of Camphor, 2 ozs. Alcohol, 1 oz. 
 
 Tincture of Guaiac, y L > oz. Burnt Sugar, 1 oz. 
 
 Tincture of Myrrh, i/[, oz. Water, 1 oz. 
 
 K'cohdl, 4 ozs. 
 
 Ayer's Cherry Pectoral 
 
 ncture of Bloodroot, Wine of Ipecac, 3 drs. 
 
 2 ozs. Acetate of Morphia, 4 grs. 
 Antimonial Wine, 3 drs. 
 
 Wine of Car dm 
 
 Fresh Cocoa leaves, 3 ozs. Port Wine, 1 pt. 
 
 Dr. Pierce' s Favorite Prescription 
 
 Tincture of Digitalis, Savin, 10 parts 
 
 2 parts Cinnamon, 5 parts 
 
 Tincture of Opium, 2 parts Agaric, 5 parts 
 
 Oil of Anise, 8 parts Alcohol, 45 parts 
 
 Peruvian Bark, 10 parts Water, 220 parts 
 
 Gum Arabic, 10 parts 
 
 Warner's Safe Cure 
 
 owdered Saltpetre, 2 drs. Alcohol, .'> ozs. 
 
 iverwort, 1 oz. 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 Cluun hcrl (tin's Relief 
 Tincture of Capsicum, 1 oz. Tincture of Guaiac, 1 oz. 
 Spirits of Camphor, % oz. Alcohol, 1 oz. 
 
 
'EVEALED 
 
 Tincture of Oardamon 
 
 Seed 1 oz. 
 
 Tincture of Cinnamon, Extract of Sarsaparilla, 
 
 y oz> 1 oz. 
 
 Extract of Phvtolacca, 
 
 Acetate of Potash, 1 oz. 
 Iodide of Potash, 1 oz. 
 Extract of Culvers 
 Boot, 
 
 Alcohol, 
 Sugar, 
 
 ! oz. 
 
 4 ozs. 
 i/o !)). 
 
 1 oz. Water, .'tt; ozs. 
 
 Pile Oinfnn-nt 
 
 Stramonium Ointment, 1 oz. Carbonate of Lead, ' L . oz. 
 Sulphate of Morphia, 15 grs. Olive Oil, 'JO drops 
 
 Magnetic Ointment 
 
 Prepared Lard, 8 ozs. Simmer on stove, then 
 
 Raisins, 3 ozs. strain. Good for Salt 
 
 Fine Cut Tobacco, 3 ozs. Rheum, Tetter, etc. 
 
 Anderson's Soothing Ointment 
 
 Oxide of Bismuth, V L > oz. Vaseline, 4' L > ozs. 
 
 Oleic Acid, 4 ozs. Oil of Rose, to perfume. 
 
 White Wax, TI/, ozs. 
 
 loflofonn Ointment 
 
 lodoform, 10 grs. Cosmolins, 1 oz. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus, 1 dr. 
 
 (ireen Mountain tialre 
 
 Powdered Verdigris, 1 oz. P>alsam Fir, 1 oz. 
 
 Oil of Wormwood, V L oz. Mutton Tallow, 4 ozs. 
 
 Venice Turpentine, IV, ozs. Beeswax, 4 ozs. 
 
 Oil of Red Cedar, 1 oz. Burgundy Pitch, 4 ozs. 
 
 Oil of Origanum, 1 oz. Resin, 5 Ibs. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, 1 oz. 
 
 Melt the resin, pitch, tallow, and balsam together; then add 
 the oils with the verdigris, together with the other ingredi- 
 ents, and mix thoroughly. This is one of the best salves 
 made. 
 
CHAPTER XIII 
 
 HOUSEHOLD RECIPES 
 
 An excellent cold cream can be made as follows: 
 
 Oil of Sweet Almonds, 8 ozs. White Wax, 4 drs. 
 
 Rose Water, 8 ozs. Pulverized Borax, 20 grs. 
 
 Spermaceti, 6 drs. Attar of Roses, 8 drops 
 
 Melt the spermaceti, wax and oil of almonds together by 
 gentle heat; then dissolve the borax in the rose water, and 
 add slowly to the melted mixture while on the fire; then 
 take off and stir until cool, and add the attar of roses. 
 
 For Chapped Hands 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 30 grs. Yolk of one egg. 
 
 Glycerine, 3 ozs. 
 
 Put in a bottle, and shake well. 
 
 Hair Tonic 
 Tincture of Cantharides, Cinnamon, 15 drops 
 
 2 drs. Lavender, l^t drs. 
 
 Oil of Bergamont, 3 ozs. Aqua Ammonia, 4 drs. 
 Castor Oil, 3 ozs. 
 
 Alcohol sufficient to make one quart. 
 
 Hair Oil 
 
 Oil of Cotton Seed, 1 pt. . Oil of Rosemary, 1 dr. 
 
 Oil of Fennel, V 4 oz. Oil of Cinnamon, 3 drs. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, V 4 oz. Oil of Cloves, 1 dr. 
 
 Oil of Thvme, 1 dr. Oil of Lavender, 1 dr. 
 
 s, 
 
 Sea Foam Shampoo 
 
 ulphuric Ether, 1 oz. Dissolve 2 ozs. of Castile 
 
 Alcohol, 1 oz. Soap in 1 qt. of rain water, 
 
 Glycerine, 1 oz. and add the other ingredi- 
 
 Aqua Ammonia, 1 dr. ents. 
 
 Tooth Potrflcr 
 
 Prepared Chalk, 1 Ib. Orris Root, 4 ozs. 
 
 Powdered Borax, 8 ozs. Mix well, and strain. 
 
 Myrrh, 4 ozs. 
 
 
48 SECRETS 
 
 1 onj.) of Milk. ] tablespoonful of Sugar. 
 
 i/. oil]) of Water. 2 tablespoonfuls of Butter. 
 
 '2 cups of Bran. 1 teaspoonful of Salt. 
 
 1 cnp of Graham Flour. 
 
 11 cat the milk, then add the sugar and butter; when luke- 
 warm, add the yeast, softened in one half cup of water; then 
 add the salt, bran, and flour. Beat well, and let rise until 
 double in bulk, then divide into two loaves, knead and put 
 in two pans. Let rise again and bake in a moderate oven. 
 
 Bran Gems 
 1 cup of Flour. 1 tablespoon ful of Sugar. 
 
 1 Cup of Milk. 1 teaspoonful of Salt. 
 
 2 cups of Bran. .*> teaspoonful s of Baking 
 
 1 Egg. Powder. 
 
 2 tablespoonfuls of Butter. 
 
 Sift the flour with the salt, sugar, and baking powder; add 
 beaten egg, milk, and bran, and beat thoroughly; then pour 
 in the melted butter, and pour into hot gem pans, and bake 
 in hot oven. 
 
 Cream Pie 
 
 1 cup of Sour Cream. y>> cup of Raisins. 
 
 % <*up of Sugar. y 4 cup of Currants. 
 
 1 teaspoonful of Ground V teaspoonful of Cinnamon. 
 
 Cloves. 2 Eggs. 
 
 Separate the eggs, and to the beaten yolks add raisins and 
 currants, chopped very fine, then sugar, cream, and spices. 
 Line a pie plate with rich paste, and bake the mixture with 
 only one crust, using the whites of the eggs for a meringue. 
 
 Poporerft icitli Chocolate Sauce 
 
 1 cup of Milk. V> teaspoonful of Salt. 
 
 .1 cup of Flour. 1 Egg. 
 
 Put flour, milk, egg, and salt in a deep bowl, beat well and 
 pour into hot gem pans that have been well buttered. Serve 
 with the following sauce: 
 
 1 square of Chocolate. i/> teaspoonful of Salt, 
 
 1 cup of Milk. T teaspoonful Corn Starch. 
 
 1 cup of Sugar. 1 tablespoonful of Butter. 
 
 1 teaspoonful of Vanilla. 
 
 Melt chocolate with tablespoonful of water; when bubbling, 
 add milk, salt, butter, and sugar; when boiling, thicken with 
 corn starch, wet with a little water or milk. Cook until ra\v 
 starch is gone, and flavor. 
 
HOUSEHOLD RECIPES 49 
 
 Cottage Pudding 
 2 l / 4 cups of Flour. 14 teaspoonful of Almond 
 
 1 cup of Milk. Extract. 
 
 i/o cup of Sugar. 1 teaspoonful of Vanilla 
 
 2 tablespoonfuls of Butter Extract. 
 
 1 Egg. 2 l / 2 teaspoonful s of Baking 
 
 !/o teaspoonful of Salt. Powder. 
 
 Beat butter and sugar together, then add the egg, well 
 beaten, then the milk and flour sifted with all the dry in- 
 gredients; flavor with the almonds and vanilla, and bake 
 45 minutes in a moderate oven. Serve with the chocolate 
 sauce. 
 
 Maple Frosting 
 
 1 Ib. of Maple Sugar. The Beaten Whites of Two 
 
 1 cup of Water. Eggs. 
 
 Boil sugar and water until it will spin a thin thread; pour 
 on the egg whites slowly, beating all the time; when stiff 
 enough to spread, pour on cakes. 
 
 Nice rolls can be made with the same dough as bread, 
 except use cream or milk instead of water, and roll into 
 
 P^sired shape. 
 Boiled Rice. Clean rice in cold water, then put one cup 
 of it into two cups of boiling water, and let it boil rapidly 
 until tender; drain at once and put into a warm oven 
 until dry. 
 
 Steamed rice should be put in a steamer and cooked for 
 about an hour, without stirring. Rice should not be more 
 than three inches deep in a vessel, as its weight will make 
 
 <+ soggy. 
 Rice and raisins make a very palatable dish, and it may 
 be prepared as follows: Cook as directed for steamed rice, 
 but as soon as it has swelled, before it has softened, stir 
 into it softly, with a fork, a cupful of raisins or currants, 
 and serve with cream. 
 
 In preparing macaroni for cooking, do not wash it; if 
 dusty, wipe off with a dry rag, break into pieces and put 
 into plenty of boiling water, as it absorbs a great deal; 
 when tender, put in a colander and strain, and pour cold 
 water through it to prevent it from sticking together. It 
 can be seasoned to suit the taste. Macaroni is very useful 
 in soups, and is a valuable adjunct to many dishes. 
 
">() SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 Macaroni with tomato sauce is made by the same pro- 
 cess as the preceding, then prepare tomatoes by stewing 
 and pressing through a colander and strain; then thicken 
 with a little flour, about a tahlespoonfnl to the pint, sea-- 
 son, and, if desirable, add a little cream. Fruit of any kind 
 is a pleasant accompaniment to macaroni. 
 
 Corn Pnffx. Mix the yolk of one egg 1 with a .cup of 
 milk, then add a cup of flour, one-half cup of fine corn 
 meal, and one-fourth cup of sugar; mix thoroughly; place 
 the batter where it will cool, then beat until full of air 
 bubbles, then put in carefully the well-beaten white of the 
 egg, and pour into well-heated irons, and bake in a mod- 
 erate oven thirty or forty minutes. 
 
 Xttt (V/.v/;.v. Mix together I 1 /!' cups of coarse graham 
 flour, and i/i cnp of finely ground nuts. Make into a stiff 
 dough with cold water; knead well and roll into very thin 
 wafers, shape* and bake on perforated tins until lightly 
 browned on both sides. 
 
 l I^cdi'x. -Pare, halve and remove seeds, and place 
 in a shallow earthen dish, using one cup of water to each 
 two quarts of the fruit; cover, and bake in a moderate 
 oven until tender, and serve with sugar and cream. 
 
 H'itli Celery. Pare and slice the potatoes, and 
 put in stew pan with one-quarter as much of minced celery; 
 put in sufficient milk to cover, and stew until tender. 
 
 . Mix two pounds of flour with one-half 
 ounce of carbonate of magnesia, then add one pint of 
 molasses, one-half pound of sugar, two ounces of melted 
 butter, two drachms of tartaric acid; make a stiff pastes 
 and add two drachms each of nutmeg and cinnamon; let 
 stand one hour, and hake slowly. 
 
CHAPTER XTV 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION 
 
 To Besliarpen Old Files. Dissolve four ounces of sal- 
 era his in one quart of water, and boil the files in this solu- 
 tion for half an hour; take out, wash and dry; then stand in 
 the following preparation: Water, one quart, and four 
 ounces of sulphuric acid. Coarse files should remain in 
 the solution for twelve hours; fine ones, about three. If a 
 file is not too dull, it can be cleaned with benzole and a 
 scratch brush. 
 
 To destroy the taste of castor oil, beat in with the white 
 of an egg until thoroughly mixed. 
 
 To remove the odor of onions from the breath, eat a 
 little parsley with a little vinegar in it. 
 
 Management of Brooms. Wet in boiling soapsuds once 
 week, and they will be tougher and last longer. 
 
 To Exterminate Ants. Powdered borax sprinkled 
 about their haunts will drive them away. 
 
 To Purify Water in a Cistern. Two ounces of perman- 
 ganate of potassa put in the cistern will purify the water. 
 
 To Destroy Bed Bugs. Equal parts of turpentine and 
 coal oil will destroy them. 
 
 Waterproof Composition for Leather. Dissolve by 
 heat one ounce of pure India rubber shavings in one quart 
 of neats foot oil, and add two ounces of tallow, and rub in 
 the leather thoroughly. 
 
 To Prevent Iodine from Staining.* Add a few drops of 
 liquid carbolic acid to the mixture. 
 
 Simple Cure for a Felon. As soon as the soreness ap- 
 pears, wrap the part with a rag saturated with tincture of 
 lobelia. 
 
 II on- to Preserve Meat. Put in a vessel and cover with 
 sour milk or buttermilk. 
 
 To Scnr or Cut (ttass. Keep the cutting tool or saw 
 moistened with camphorized oil of turpentine. 
 
~>- SECRETS 'REVEALED 
 
 Composition to Tout/hen Steel. Resin, 2 Ibs. ; Tallow, 
 2 Ihs. ; Black Pitch, 1 II). Molt together and dip the metal 
 in the mixture while hot. 
 
 The following- is a fair estimate of the quantity of paint 
 required for a given surface: 
 
 First coat, which will cover b'5 square yards of surface: 
 10 Ibs. white lead. 
 
 1 oz. red lead. 
 
 '2 ozs. litharge. 
 
 4 pts. -linseed oil. 
 
 Second coat, which will cover TOO square- yards: 
 10 Ihs. white lead. 
 
 '2 ozs. litharge. 
 
 -' pts. linseed oil. 
 
 1 -V-2 l^s. turpentine. 
 
 Third coat, which will cover 11. > square yards: 
 10 Ibs. white lead. 
 
 - ozs. litharge. 
 
 '2 pts. linseed oil. 
 
 '2 pts. turpentine. 
 
 With ordinary paints, new wood and iron work requires 
 four coats; old paint, two coats for inside, and three for 
 outside. 
 
 Hoir 1o Mi-jr Paints for Color* 
 
 Buff. White, red, yellow, ochre. 
 
 Chestnut. Red, black, yellow. 
 
 Chocolate. Raw umber, red, black. 
 
 Claret. Red, umber, black. 
 
 Copper. Black, yellow, red. 
 
 Dove. White, vermilion, blue, yellow. 
 
 Drab. White, yellow, red, black. 
 
 Fawn. White, yellow, red. 
 
 Flesh. White, yellow, vermilion. 
 
 (Jray. White, black. 
 
 Lemon. White, yellow. 
 
 Olive. Yellow, blue, black, while. 
 
 Orange. Yellow, red. 
 
 Peach.. 'White, vermilion. 
 
 Purples Violet, red, white. 
 
 Rose. White, madder lake. 
 
 Snuff. Yellow, Van Dyke brown 
 
 Violet Bed, blue, white. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION 5?> 
 
 To Remove Paint from Cloth.- Saturate the stain with 
 equal parts of turpentine and ammonia until they become 
 soft, then wash with soap and water. 
 
 To Re more Old Pain! from Iron or Wood. One gallon 
 of hot water, to which add one-half pound of sal soda. Mix 
 well, and apply hot. 
 
 To Remove Old Putty. .Apply nitric or muriatic acid. 
 
 Partit for Blackboards. Dissolve four ounces of glue in 
 one quart of water, then put in three ounces of flour of 
 emery and sufficient lampblack to color. Stir until there 
 are no lumps, and apply with a woolen rag wrapped tightly 
 in a roll. Three coats are sufficient. 
 
 To Revive the Colors of Old Paintings. Mix two 
 ounces of linseed oil with one ounce of methylated chloro- 
 form and apply a little over the painting, after having 
 washed it with clean water and a soft rag; then wipe off 
 the composition the following day. 
 
 To Clean Silverware. Never use soap, as it dulls the 
 luster; when it requires cleaning, rub it with chamois 
 leather and prepared chalk, made into a paste with a little 
 water. 
 
 To Clean Marble. Mix two parts of common soda with 
 one part each of fine chalk and pumice, and mix with 
 water. After applying, wash off with soap and water. 
 
 To Keep Milk Sweet, and to Make Sour Milk Sweet. 
 Put in it a small quantity of carbonate of magnesia. 
 
 tTo Cut a Circular Hole in Glass. Scratch the glass 
 h a file or engraver's tool, the desired shape, then bend 
 a piece of wire the same shape, heat it red hot and lay it 
 on the scratch; then lay the glass on the surface of water 
 in a vessel ; immerse so as to let the water come up to the 
 glass and it will usually break at the place where the wire is. 
 
 To Preserve Iron from Rust. Make a paste of linseed 
 oil and whiting, and apply. 
 
 Facts for Builders 
 
 One thousand shingles laid 4 inches to the weather will 
 cover 100 square feet of surface, and 5 pounds of nails will 
 fasten them on. 
 
 
SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 One-fifth more of siding', or flooring, is needed than the 
 number of square feet of surface to be covered, because of 
 the lap. 
 
 Two bushels of sand to one of cement will cover a space 
 o'o square yards, one inch thick. 
 
 Oil for lubricating delicate machinery, and that will not 
 gum, may be made as follows: Take equal parts each of 
 zinc and lead shavings, and put into good Florence olive 
 oil, and put in a cool place until the oil is colorless, and it 
 will be ready for use. 
 
 A spoonful of ox gall in a gallon of water will set the 
 color of any fabric. 
 
 To Render Leather Waterproof. Boiled linseed oil, 1G 
 parts; spirits of turpentine, 4 parts; beeswax, 1 part, and 
 1 part of resin, melted, and used hot. 
 
 To Make Ice. Nearly fill a gallon stone jar with hot 
 spring water (leaving room for about a pint), and put in 
 two ounces of refined nitre; the bottle must then be stopped 
 closely, making it air-tight, then let it down into a deep 
 well. In about four hours it will be frozen, but the bottle 
 must be broken to obtain the ice. However, if a vessel be 
 used that has a larger mouth than bottom, and tapers, the 
 ice can be removed by applying heat, and the vessel can 
 be used again. The process can be hastened by raising the 
 vessel up and down in the water. 
 
 Incombustible Cloth. Dissolve one part of sal ammonia 
 in four parts of water, and soak the fabric in the solution. 
 
 If in doubt regarding the nature of mushrooms, sprinkle 
 a little salt on the under side, and if they are poisonous 
 they will turn yellow; if not, they will turn black. 
 
 To Destroy Files. One drachm each of powdered black 
 pepper and brown sugar, and two drachms of milk or 
 cream. Mix and place in a saucer. 
 
 To Heal tini'ise* on Trees. Make a preparation of two 
 parts of tar to one part of brick dust, and apply. 
 
 To Polish Wood. Take a piece of pumice stone and 
 water and pass over the work until the rising of the grain 
 is cut down, then take powdered tripoli and boiled linseed 
 oil and polish to a bright finish. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION .").") 
 
 To Make Soft Soap. Take ten pounds of potash and 
 soak in ten gallons of hot water until dissolved, then add 
 six pounds of grease and boil; put in a barrel and add 
 fifteen gallons of water. 
 
 To Waterproof Cloth. Take fifteen parts of boiled lin- 
 seed oil and three quarts of ground litharge, and one part 
 of beeswax. Mix, and apply to the fabric with a brush. 
 Stretch the cloth on a frame before applying. 
 
 To Make Good Black Ink. Boil one pound of logwood 
 chips in one and one-half gallons of water until reduced 
 to two quarts; pour off, and then put in one and one-half 
 gallons of water on the chips and boil as before, which will 
 make one gallon in all ; mix the two liquids and add one- 
 half ounce of bichromate of potash, and one-quarter of an 
 ounce of prussiate of potash, and one-half ounce of prus- 
 sian blue; boil again, strain and bottle. 
 
 To Make Good Red Ink. Take an ounce vial and put 
 into it a teaspoonful of ammonia, and gum arabic about 
 the size of a bean; then add six grains of number 40 car- 
 mine, and five grains of number 8 carmine, fill up with soft 
 water and it will soon be ready for use. 
 
 To Make Russian Cement, for Mending Crockery, Glass- 
 iccire, Etc. Dissolve pure Russian isinglass in soft water, 
 which will require about twelve hours. When it has soft- 
 ened, put on the stove and boil to the right consistency. 
 Use a double vessel to prevent burning. 
 
 Paste for Labels on Tin. One cup of water to three 
 tablespoonfuls of flour, to which add two tablespoonfuls of 
 molasses, then boil. 
 
 Rat Poison. Mix two ounces of carbonate of barytes 
 with one pound of lard or grease, and spread thickly on 
 bread, then put near their holes; water should be put 
 nearby, as it hastens the action of the poison, and the car- 
 casses can be recovered. 
 
 A Good ]VIiitcirash for Rooms. Soak two ounces of 
 glue in water overnight, then mix four pounds of whiting 
 in cold water; heat the glue until dissolved, and pour into 
 the solution while hot; after mixing well, add sufficient 
 water to work easily with a brush, and apply. 
 
REVEALED 
 
 Stucco Whiteirufih. Slack one-half bushel of lime with 
 hoi ling' wator, and covor the vessel for a few moments until 
 well slacked; dissolve one peek of salt in water and add to 
 the lime, then add three pounds of rice boiled to a thin 
 paste, and pour in hot, stirring all the time; then add one- 
 half pound of Spanish whiting, and one pound of glue that 
 has been well dissolved; then add five gallons of hot water, 
 cover the vessel and let stand for a few days. This will 
 last for years, and is well worth the trouble of preparing. 
 
 To Preserre Eggs. Make a solution of water glass and 
 submerge the eggs in it. 
 
 Another preservative is to take three gallons of water 
 and add five pounds of fresh slacked lime and one-half as 
 much salt; stir until mixed, and put the eggs in carefully 
 so as not to crack the shells. 
 
 It is claimed that if the small end of an egg is full of 
 wrinkles it will produce a male; if smooth, a female. 
 
 If one teaspoonful of cayenne pepper be put in the food 
 for about twelve hens, it will increase the egg production. 
 
 Egg Omelette. Three eggs, one tablespoonful of flour 
 and one cup of milk; beat the eggs and flour together, then 
 stir in the milk; fry with butter; for a larger quantity, add 
 a little salt. 
 
 To lice/con tin- (lost of Coal, Etc. Multiply the number 
 of pounds by one-half the price per ton, and point off three 
 places to the left. 
 
 To Measure (iraht. Level the grain, then multiply the 
 length, width and depth together, and the product by 8, and 
 point off one place to the left. 
 
 To Write on Eggs. Immerse the egg in melted wax 
 and write on it with any pointed instrument, then apply 
 to the writing vinegar, or diluted hydrochloric acid, and 
 wash off. 
 
 Required per Acre 
 
 4 ft. apart each way, 
 
 5 ft. apart each way, 
 
 . , 
 way, 1,742 
 
 X umber of Trees 
 15 ft. apart each way, 200 
 18 ft. apart each way, i:>5 
 :20 ft. apart each way, 110 
 
 25 ft. apart each way, 70 8 ft. apart each way, 080 
 
 .">0 ft. apart each way, 50 10 ft, apart each way, 430 
 
 .">.' ft. apart each way, 40 12 ft, apart each way, .>25 
 
 L. apari eacn way, , 
 (5 ft. apart each way, 1,200 
 ft. apart each way, f>80 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION 57 
 
 Panes of glass may he easily removed by applying a 
 little soft soap. 
 
 Do not let pearl or ivory handled knives touch the water 
 when cleaning them, as this is the cause of their cracking. 
 
 About 500 cubic feet of settled hay will make a ton, and 
 700 cubic feet of loose hay. 
 
 The deepest hole ever bored in the earth is at Potsdam, 
 which is 5,500 feet in depth. 
 
 The flight of wild ducks is estimated at 90 miles an 
 hour; of the swift, 200 miles; the carrier pigeon, 40; the 
 swallow, 60, and the migratory birds in crossing the ocean, 
 at 120 miles an hour. 
 
 In northern Siberia the ground is frozen to a depth of 
 660 feet and thaws to a depth of but 3 or 4 feet in summer. 
 Below 660 feet, internal heat begins. 
 
 To Write on Glass. Cover the glass with beeswax or 
 soap, and write whatever is desired on the covered surface 
 with any pointed tool, then apply hydrofluoric acid along 
 the design, and the marks will remain indelibly stamped on 
 the surface of the glass. 
 
 A ton of pure gold is valued at $692,799.21. The weight 
 a million dollars of gold coin is 3,685.8 pounds. 
 
 A ton of pure silver is valued at $37,704.84. The weight 
 of a million dollars in silver coin is 58,929.9 pounds. 
 
 Hoiv to Find the, Height by Measuring the Shadoic. 
 Measure the shadow of a pole standing upright, and also 
 the shadow of the desired object; then multiply the length 
 of the pole by the length of the shadow of the object, and 
 divide the product by the length of the shadow of the pole. 
 
 The Effect of Changing the Evener of Double-trees. 
 Tn moving the center pin of an evener one inch toward the 
 end pins it changes the draft twice as much as it does to 
 move one of the end pins one inch toward the center pin. 
 Or, in other words, moving the center pin changes the draft 
 twice as much as changing one of the end pins or clevises. 
 
 If the center pin of an ordinary evener, which is 42 
 inches in length, is moved one inch from the center to the 
 right or left, the horse pulling on the sliort end will draw 
 one-twentieth more than the one on the long end. If one 
 of the end pins is moved one inch, the difference will be 
 one-fortieth. 
 
 - 
 
58 SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 The draft on a 14-inch plow plowing 4 inches deep is 
 about 1,000 pounds; 5 inches dee]), 1,250 pounds; 6 inches 
 deop, 1,500 pounds. 
 
 To Tonic a Horse. Take finely grated horse castor, 
 oils of cumin and rhodium; keep in separate bottles well 
 corked. Put some of the cumin on your hand and ap- 
 proach the horse on the windy side. When he comes toward 
 you, rub some of the cumin on his nose and give him 
 some of the castor on anything he is fond of, and put some 
 of the rhodium on his tongue. A timid horse should lx k 
 handled very carefully; much patience is necessary in order 
 to gain his confidence. It is a good plan to confine him in 
 an enclosure, take a whip, and when he turns his rump 
 toward you, snap it at his heels, but desist as soon as he 
 turns his head toward you. 
 
 To Cure Horses of Jumping Fences. The writer ,once 
 owned a valuable colt which nothing would cure of break- 
 ing down and jumping fences, which often injured him. 
 Everything was tried until one day, in speaking of it to an 
 old horseman, he recommended the following method, which 
 was tried and worked successfully: Pass a strong surcingle 
 about the horse's body just back of the fore legs, and run 
 a long halter strap from his head in between his legs and 
 beneath the surcingle back to one of his hind feet, to which 
 fasten, using a broad strap about his ankle. The strap 
 should be changed occasionally to tlie other foot to avoid 
 chafing. 
 
 To Cure a Horse of Pulling at the Halter. Take a 
 small rope and pass it under his tail, and carry the two 
 ends forward, crossing them on his back, and tie in front 
 of his chest. Run the halter strap through the hole, or 
 ring, in the manger and tie to the rope in front. He won't 
 pull back many times after he discovers it is self-punish- 
 ment. 
 
 To Prevent a Horse Kicking in the Stall. Fasten a 
 small chain about two feet long to each hind foot, and lie 
 will soon be cured of his kicking. 
 
 To Cure a Horse of Ball-ing. Take him out of the rig 
 and whirl him around in a short circle a number of times 
 as fast as possible. It usually takes two men to do this, 
 one to use a whip on him and keep him going. 
 
tlsBPUL INFORMATION 59 
 
 Cure for Harness Galls. White lead and linseed oil 
 mixed as for paint, and applied with a brush. An excellent 
 remedy. 
 
 Rary's Liniment. Four ounces each of sulphuric ether, 
 hartshorn, oil of origanum, alcohol, and sweet oil. Put in 
 a bottle and shake well before using. In cases of sprains, 
 etc., rub well on affected parts, and then wrap with flannel 
 bandage. 
 
 To Produce a White Spot on a Horse. Shave off the 
 Jiair, and apply oil of vitrol. This will produce an inflam- 
 mation, which will yield to an application of a weak solu- 
 tion of copperas water. 
 
 To Drive Flies from a Stable. Scatter chloride of lime 
 the floor. 
 
 ('it re for Colic. Three ounces of turpentine and one 
 ounce of laudanum mixed in one-half pint of warm water. 
 If not relieved in one hour, repeat the dose, adding one- 
 half of an ounce of best powdered aloes well dissolved. 
 
 Cure for Bots. First give 2 quarts of milk and 1 quart 
 of molasses, mixed; then 1.5 minutes after give warm sage 
 tea, 2 quarts: 30 minutes after give 3 pints of currier's 
 oil, or enough to produce a physic. If the oil cannot be 
 obtained, use lard with 3 or 4 ounces of salt added. 
 
 Cure for Bone Spavin. One ounce each of corrosive 
 sublimate, quicksilver, and iodine, and lard enough to form 
 a paste. Rub the quicksilver and iodine together, then add 
 the sublimate, then the lard, and mix thoroughly. Shave 
 off the hair the size of the bone enlargement; then grease 
 all around it, but not where the hair is shaved off; this 
 prevents the action of the medicine, except upon the 
 spavin; then rub in as much of the salve as will lie upon a 
 ten-cent piece, each morning for four mornings. In about 
 eight days the spavin should come out. Wash out the sore 
 well with soapsuds, and apply a healing salve, which will 
 be found in another part of this book. 
 
GO SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 The Nile River, in Africa, has a fall of but 6 inches in 
 every 1,000 miles. Its rise begins in June, and continues 
 to the middle of August, attaining an elevation of 26 feet, 
 overflowing the valley of Egypt 12 miles wide, which is the 
 cause of much fever. The retirement of the river leaves a 
 deposit of about four inches in a century, and encroaches 
 on the sea 16 feet each year. Bricks have been found at a 
 depth of 60 feet, which shows the great antiquity of the 
 country. The soil is the richest in the world. 
 
 The Temple of Diana, at Ephesus, was 425 feet high 
 and 225 feet broad. It had 127 columns, each 60 feet 
 high, to support the roof. It was 200 years in building. 
 
 The largest of the Egyptian pyramids is 540 feet high, 
 and it is 693 feet on the sides. Its base covers 11 acres. 
 The layers of stone are 208 in number, many of them being 
 30 feet long, 4 feet broad and 3 feet thick. 
 
 In the Temple of the Sun, at Baalbec, are stones more 
 than 60 feet long, 24 feet thick and 16 feet broad. Each 
 one contains 23,000 cubic feet and no one knows how they 
 were transported from the quarries. 
 
 Six of the enormous columns are 72 feet high, composed 
 of 3 stones, each 7 feet in diameter. Sesostris is credited 
 with having transported from the mountains of Arabia one 
 rock 32 feet wide and 240 feet long. 
 
 During modern times a block of granite weighing 1,217 
 tons, now used as the pedestal of the equestrian statue of 
 Peter the Great, at Petrograd, was transported 4 miles by 
 land over a railway and 13 miles by water. 
 
 Waters of the oceans, seas, etc., contain more organized 
 beings than all the land. 
 
 The River Po carries to the sea every day a quantity 
 of soil which can be imagined when we consider that 2,500 
 years ago Adria was on the sea shore, and at its mouth, 
 while todav it is 20 miles from the sea. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
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 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY