UC-NRLF 
 

 GIFT OF 
 Felix Fliigel 
 
SERIES 
 
 OF 
 
 COMMERCIAL LETTERS 
 
 ORIGINALLY BY E. HODGKINS. 
 
 .u 
 
 REVISED AND IMPROVED 
 
 WITH 
 
 EXPLANATORY GERMAN NOTES, ADDITIONAL FORMS OF 
 
 VARIOUS COMMERCIAL DOCUMENTS AND A FULL LIST OF 
 
 THE USUAL ABLREVIAT.ONS FOR THE USE OF GERMANS 
 
 BY 
 
 DR. J. G. FLDGEL, 
 
 Consul of the United States of America. 
 
 Fifth edition. 
 
 ================ 1 
 
 I*eipsic 5 1855. 
 
 Julius Klinkharclt. 
 

 Vorrede zur fiinften Auflage. 
 
 Der rasclie Verkauf von vier bedeutend star- , 
 ken Auflagen kann einigermassen Zeugniss ab~ 
 legen von dem Nutzen und Beifall^ den dieses 
 Werkchen sicli erworben hat, indem es sicli 
 bei dem Publikum trotz selir vieler almliclier 
 Unternelimungen behauptet. 
 
 Audi in dieser fiinften Auflage sind Text 
 und Anmerkungen sorgfaltig revidirt und bier 
 und da umgestaltet und verbessert worden; die 
 Zugabe verscliiedener Formen von kaufmanni- 
 sclien Documenten^ sowie eines auf's Neue ver- 
 vollstandigten Verzeiclmisses der Abkiirzungen^ 
 welche in der englisclien kaufmannisclien Cor- 
 respondenz und juristischen Documenten vorkom- 
 
 
wird dem Benutzer nicht unwillkommen 
 sein. Die aussere Ausstattung und die Cor- 
 rectlieit so wie der geringe Preis^ der trotz 
 der Vermelirung derselben bleibt, eignen das 
 Werk nicht minder zum Gebrauch fur Schulen, 
 in denen es seit Jahren Eingang gefunden hat. 
 
 P. 
 
g m t $ 
 
 OF 
 
 COMMERCIAL LETTERS 
 
 LETTER 1. 
 
 (Circular.} 
 To Messrs. N. N. 
 
 London, Jan. 1. 1847. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 E have the honour of informing you, that we have 
 formed a partnership, under the firm of B. and Co. for 
 the transacting of general commission business; 1 and when 
 favourable opportunities occur, we may be induced to 
 speculate for our own or joint account; giving then, of 
 course, a preference to such houses as favour us with 
 their commands in this quarter. 2 Respecting our solidity, 
 integrity and knowledge 3 of business in general , and our 
 full competency 4 to further the interests of our correspon- 
 dents, we beg to refer 5 you to Mejssrs. A. and B. C. and 
 D. and K. and Co. all of this city, who will satisfy any 
 
 1 gur S3eforgung Don (5ommifjton = efd)dften. 
 
 2 tyiejtgen )rt, 
 
 3 grunbltc&e ^enntnifi. 
 
 '4 fatten un fur competent (jtnb tatwrd) tnberi^tanfc gefe(jt). 
 5 sentmfen. 
 
 1 
 
inquiries you may choose to make with regard to us. Be 
 pleased to note our respective 7 signatures. We are, &c. 
 
 GEO. B.: B. and Co. 
 FRED. L.: B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER II. 
 
 To Messrs. K. and Co. St. Petersburgh. 
 
 London, Jan. 5, 184?. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 WE return our best thanks for the great attention 1 you 
 were pleased to show our Mr. L. during his stay in your 
 city. As it frequently happens, that a confidential agent 
 on the spot 2 may be of infinite service in the recovery 
 of dubious debts 3 &c. , be assured^ that, should you ever 
 require our mediation in that or any other way, 4 we shall 
 make it our first object to attend to your interest. Upon 
 considering all circumstances, we are of opinion, that the 
 present moment offers a favourable prospect for consign- 
 ments to and from your place. Annexed , we beg leave 
 to hand you our price -current, 5 which, when compared 
 with yours, will fully enable you to judge the article 6 
 
 6 rcelc&e <Sie ju matfyen belieben. 
 
 7 gegenfeittg. 
 
 1 ttufmetffam&tt. 
 
 2 em Bertrauter efd&aftStrcujet auf 
 
 3 unfic&ere (jwetfetyafte, fd)lcd)te) 
 
 4 roenn @ie wnfere SBermittclung in ttefem obet trgenb etnem 
 antern gatte in Slnfprucfy nc^mcn njottten. 
 
 5 SSir ftnb fofrct, S^nen angefugten g)retS<ourant 
 reti^cn, 
 
 6 ben ^rttfel auSfinben. 
 
that would turn to advantage 7 in this or your market. 
 It appears that tallow, according to your price -current, 
 might turn to a good speculation; for it is quoted 8 at 
 50 rubles per pood, and sells here at 4.. 5. .0 per cwt. 
 
 Hemp and flax are much in demand, 10 but in corn 
 we would not advise you to speculate, as the market here 
 is quite overstocked. 11 
 
 We recommend ourselves to your friendship; and are 
 with respect, &c. 
 
 B. and Co. 
 
 fMf *-ttmnt , London, Jan. 1, 1847. 
 
 s. d. s. d. 
 
 Sugar, Barbados & Antigua 5 8 to 5 17 per cwt. 
 
 Brazil 3 16 460 
 
 Grenada .... 5 600 
 
 Jamaica .... 5 3 650 
 
 Lumps 8 10 8 15 
 
 Single Loaves 12 .900 9 10 
 
 Ginger, white 10 
 
 black ...,.700 750 
 
 Coffee, W. India, fine . . 5 5 10 
 
 middling 400 4 10 
 
 ordinary 300 3 10 
 
 Bourbon .... 4 10 5 10 
 
 Java 500 580 
 
 Mocha .... 6 8 700 
 
 7 23ort|)eit gerodtyren. 
 
 8 ta er bort mit 50 SKubel pr, spub rtotirt tfl. 
 
 9 (^bfiirjtmg Don hundred weight,) Gentner* 
 
 10 ftnb fefyr in ??tage, 
 
 11 uberfufytt 
 42 dkoS ' SDMfc. 
 
 1* 
 
g. el. . s. d. 
 Rice, Carolina ..... 3 10 to 3 15 per cwt. 
 
 East India .... 1 15 1 16 
 
 Barilla, Alicant ..... 1 13 1 14 
 
 Carthagena ... 1 14 1 16 
 
 Sicily ..... 1 12 1 14 
 
 Cocoa (in bond), 13 Brazil . 4 10 4 12 
 
 Surinam 6 10 6 15 
 
 Trinidad 9 10 10 
 Pepper, black . . . . . 1 iy a 1 S per Ib. 
 
 white ..... 026 032 
 
 Pimento ..... ...010 Oil 
 
 Mace (in bond) ..... 18 100 
 
 Nutmegs do ...... 11 13 
 
 Cloves do. ..... 4 050 
 
 Cinnamon do ...... 10 6 14 
 
 LONDON 0ursje 
 
 On Amsterdam .......... 36 2 U. 
 
 Ditto, at sight ......... 36 
 
 Rotterdam .......... 11 2 U. 
 
 Hamburgh ........... 34 2% U. 
 
 Altona ............ 34 2y a U. 
 
 Paris, 1 day's date ....... 24 12 
 
 Ditto ............ 24 16 2 U. 
 
 Bourdeaux ........... 24 16 
 
 Madrid ............ 38 
 
 Cadiz; ............ 38 
 
 Bilbao ............ 37% 
 
 Leghorn 1 * ........... 49 3 / 4 
 
 Genoa .,.,,. , , , ... 45 
 
 13 im 
 
 14 Rtoorno, 
 
On Venice ............ 52 
 
 Naples 42 
 
 Vienna 10 2 C, F. 
 
 Trieste 10 1 C. F. 
 
 Lisbon 65 
 
 Oporto 65 
 
 Dublin 10%perCent 
 
 Cork , H 3 / 4 
 
 NB. The above being a quotation of the London Ex- 
 changes on places abroad, as stated in Lloyd's List, pub- 
 lished in London every Tuesday and Friday, an ex- 
 planation of it may prove necessary in a work of this 
 kind. 
 
 Uncertain Price. Certain Price. 
 
 Amsterdam gives 36 shillings Flemish for 1 sterling. 
 Rotterdam do. 11 florins current for do. 
 
 Hamburgh do. 34 shillings Flemish for do. 
 
 Altona do. 34 do. for do. 
 
 for do - 
 
 Bourdeaux do. 24 francs 16 cents for do. 
 
 Madrid receives 
 Cadiz do. 
 
 Bilboa do. 
 
 Leghorn do. 
 Genoa do. 
 
 Venice gives 
 
 38 V. sterling 
 38 d. do. 
 37% d. do. 
 49 3/ 4 d. do. 
 45 d. do. 
 12 lire piccoli 
 
 Naples receives 42 d. sterling 
 Vienna S ives 
 
 * 
 
 Trieste do. 
 
 Lisbon receives 65 d. sterling 
 Oporto do. 65 d. sterling 
 Dublin gives . 110 15*. Irish 
 Cork do. 111 15^. do. 
 
 for Idollar of exchange. 
 for do. 
 for do. 
 
 for 1 pezza of 8 reals. 
 for Ipezzafuoridi banco. 
 for 1 sterling. 
 for 1 ducat di regno. 
 
 "' * * 
 
 for a milreis. 
 
 for do. 
 
 for 100British sterling. 
 
 for do. 
 
6 
 
 LETTER III. 
 
 To Messrs. K. and Co. St. Petersburgh. 
 
 London, Jan. 5, 184T. 
 
 "E are indebted to the personal acquaintance of our 
 Mr. B. for your valuable connexion, and are convinced 
 you will not retract the permission given to us, through 
 his medium, of availing ourselves of a reference to you, 1 
 which permission, you will perceive, we have already 
 made use of. On the advantage of our correspondence 
 we rest the strongest hope of future success, 2 and trust 8 
 we shall ever prove ourselves worthy of your confidence. 
 Your mercantile advices and communications will always 
 be acceptable, 4 and ours we shall render as useful as 
 possible; and remain, <fec. 
 
 LETTER IV. 
 
 To Messrs. B. and Co. London. 
 
 St. Petersburg^ Feb. 27, 1847. 
 
 OUR esteemed letter of the 5th ult. 1 and circular of 
 the 1st January, reached us in course. 2 It will give us 
 great pleasure to forward your views 3 in your new 
 establishment, and we are happy in having it at present in 
 our power to prove our good intentions towards you, as 
 we intend to make a speculation in Russia tallow to your 
 market, and we propose consigning the parcel to your 
 
 1 uw> auf @te be^iefyen $u fonnen, 
 
 2 ttrir fegen tie grofte goffnung auf bte SSotttyetle, roel^e 
 fur bie 3ufunft au unferm 25rieftt)ed^fel erfolgen werben, 
 
 3 fyofferu 
 
 4 iDidfommen, 
 
 1 (ult. ftatt ultimo,) oortgen 50lonat8 
 
 2 ij^ un fetner Sett riJ^tig geworben. 
 * ^^ -*-- su begunfttgen 
 
care. 4 It will consist of fifty casks of the best quality, 
 the invoice and bills of lading 5 shall be forwarded by 
 next post. Should the exchange then take a favourable 
 turn 5* we shall probably avail ourselves of it, and 
 value on you 7 to the extent of from two to three thou- 
 sand rubles, reserving a balance until the goods are 
 disposed of. 8 We are aware that it is neither pleasant 
 nor convenient 9 to young houses to be drawn upon 
 heavily, 10 and in this respect you will Und us as reason- 
 able as any of our neighbours. 11 We shall ship our goods, 
 on board the Anna, Captain James; she is, in our opinion 
 one of the best vessels now loading for London. 12 We 
 shall provide 13 insurance, as it can be done here cheaper 
 than with you. 
 
 Our price-current and exchanges 14 are enclosed, and 
 we shall be happy if they are such as to encourage you 
 to favour us with your commands. 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 K. and Co. 
 
 4 beabftd&tigen bte Spattie an @ie ju conftgmren. 
 
 5 gactur unb SSerlabungS^djetne. 
 
 6 foflte bet* GtourS fi$ ttortfyeilfyaft jetgen. 
 
 7 auf <Sie trafftren. 
 
 8 inbem roir un$ ben @albo bis gum SSetftwf ber SKaaren 
 Dotbefjalten, 
 
 9 roeber angenetym nod) bequem, (ober roeber lieb norfj gelegen), 
 
 10 ftarf be^ogen ju roerben, (oter mel auf jitf) traffiren ju 
 iafen). 
 
 11 al irgcnb etn anbere (ober jebe anbere) au. 
 
 12 jet na^) Bonbon labenben ><fciffe. 
 
 13 beforgen. 
 
 14 (ftatt note of exchanges, (Eour$*3ettel,) (Jourfe, 
 
8 
 LETTER V. 
 
 To Messrs. B. and Co. London. 
 
 St. Petersburgh, march 5, 184?. 
 
 *.N our respects to you of last post, 1 we informed you 
 of our intention to consign you a parcel of tallow, by the 
 ship Anna, Captain James, and have now the pleasure 
 of confirming the said letter in all its contents, 2 and to 
 enclose the promised invoice and bills of lading, begging 
 you to do the best for our interest in the sale, and 
 encourage 3 us to repeat our speculations. We find that 
 the exchange has risen to-day, contrary to our expecta- 
 tions, and therefore postpone our drafts for the present. 4 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 K. and Co. 
 
 Invoice of fifty casks of tallow, shipped on board the 
 Anna, Captain James, bound to London, 5 consigned 
 to Messrs. B. and Co. there, 6 for our account and 
 risk, viz. 7 : 
 
 K 1 to 50 50 casks, weighing nett 
 
 1300 pood, at fifty-one rubles per pood. . . 
 
 1 Sn tmferm ergebenften 
 
 2 in feinem gcmgen Sntyalte $u beftdtigen, 
 
 3 txranlaffen. 
 
 4 ba fyeute ber <our gegen unfere drroartimg gefttegen 
 fo unterlaffen ttnr jcgt auf @te ju atetyen, 
 
 5 nadj 2onbon befttmmt 
 
 6 bafelbjh 
 
 7 (viz.: i. e. videlicet [to wit]), namltcty. 
 

 
 Charges of duties, 8 commission, lighterage, 9 
 
 fees, 10 &c ............ _ 
 
 Rs. 
 Errors excepted. 11 
 
 St. Petersburgh, March 5, 1847. 
 
 K. and Co. 
 LETTER VI. 
 
 To Messrs. K. and Co. St. Petersburgh. 
 
 London, April 1, 1847. 
 
 IN reply to your two esteemed letters of Feb. 27, and 
 March 5, we beg you to accept our best thanks for the 
 proof of confidence you have manifested towards us, by 
 entrusting us with the sale of a shipment 1 of tallow, per 
 the Anna, Captain James. The vessel, we are happy to 
 inform you, has already passed the Sound, and may be 
 expected here in a very few days. We could have insured 
 her at half the usual premium, 2 had we been favoured 
 with your orders to that effect, 3 as the mail, by which 
 we received the invoice, brought also the Sound list, 4 
 which reported her to have passed through. You may 
 rely on our best exertions in the sale; and, in regard 
 
 8 SotUUnf often, 
 
 9 ft^ter'Sofw (ftdfjr-'CMb, fur ten transport ber (Surer an 
 
 10 ($onorare tyter:) 
 
 11 (gettjotynlicfy abgefurjt in E. E.) 
 
 2 $)rdmte (ber S3erjtd(jerung$=9)rei$ roelcfyen [ober bte 23era> 
 tung roeldje] ber 5lffecurirte an ben 5lffecuranten ober bie 
 2tffectiranj=<ompa3me be$af)lt5 je groger bie efa$r babet 
 ifi, bejlo tyo&er ifl biefe 
 
 3 ju ber Slbficf) 
 
 4 bie @unb2ifle. 
 
10 
 
 to your reimbursement, you are at liberty 6 to value on 
 us for one half the amount, at three months' date, and 
 the remaining half you may draw for at the expiration of 
 three months from the date of the first falling due, this 
 article being sold here on six months' credit. 7 
 
 We are at present in want 8 of a parcel of sail-cloth, 
 and request you will buy for us immediately five hundred 
 pieces, of the best quality at the lowest price; you may 
 either draw upon us direct for the amount at the lowest 
 course you can procure, 9 or we will accredit you, either 
 in Hamburgh or Amsterdam, for one thousand pounds^ 
 as may appear most for our advantage. Indeed, as we 
 are fully convinced of your care for our interest, we do 
 not hesitate 10 to entrust it entirely to your management, 
 and shall, therefore, write to-night to Messrs. S. and Co. 
 of Hamburgh, and Messrs. G. and L. of Amsterdam, 
 desiring them to honour your drafts to that amount, 11 of 
 which we beg you to take note. 
 
 In the purchase of the sail-cloth , we recommend at- 
 tention to the quality, and to ship it on board the first 
 vessel sailing for this port, agreeing with the Captain for 
 the very lowest freight. 12 Trusting to your exertions. 19 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 B. and Co. 
 
 5 ru<ffid)tft<l) be$ 3Remboutfement jtetyt e S^nen fret, 
 
 6 t>om 23erfatt=age ber erperen. 
 
 7 gtel fecfys SDlonat, 
 
 8 SBir beburfen jefct. 
 
 9 ben SBettag fonnen te entroebet $um mofllt^ft mebrtgen 
 GourS bttect auf un$ entne^men. 
 
 10 fo jhtyen ttrir nicfyt an, 
 
 11 3$re SEratten bi gu biefem S5etrage $u tteretyren. 
 
 12 inbem tc nut bent (Sapttdn bie niebrigpe gradjt bebmgen 
 rooflen. 
 
 13 23emu$ungen. 
 
11 
 
 LETTER VII. 
 
 To Messrs. S. and Co. Hamburgh. 
 
 London, April 1, 1847. 
 
 UUR correspondence has lain some time dormant, 1 and 
 we are inclined to renovate 2 its activity by accrediting 
 our friends Messrs. K. and Co. of St. Petersburg!!, on 
 youp good house, 3 for the sum of . 1000 sterling. It 
 will, however, depend on circumstances whether the above- 
 named 4 gentlemen will avail themselves of the same; but, 
 for regularity's sake, 5 we beg of you to confirm it to 
 them, and, for your reimbursement, you may value on 
 us for the amount, at three months' date, at as favourable 
 an exchange as you can. We doubt not but from our 
 former connexions 6 you will readily grant us this facility; 
 and hoping it may lead to more extensive business be- 
 tween us, 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER VIII. 
 
 To Messrs. K. and Co. St. Petersburg^. 
 
 Hamburgh, April 10, 1847. 
 
 IHE enclosed 1 we received from our friends, Messrs. 
 B. and Co. of London, with a request to forward it to 
 yonr address, 2 and that we would, at tl^e same time, 
 
 1 tyat etntge 3ett geru^t. 
 
 2 ju erneuern. 
 
 3 bet Styrem geefjrten $aufe. 
 
 4 genannte. 
 
 5 ber >rbnung ttegen, 
 
 6 ru<fft<$ttt$ unfcrer fru^cren SSerbinbung. 
 
 1 3>ie Snlage. 
 
 2 fie S^nen 
 
12 
 
 confirm the credit for one thousand pounds sterling, 
 which these gentlemen advise to have opened with us 
 in your favour. This we have herewith the honour of 
 doing, assuring you that your drafts to this amount, for 
 account of our mutual friends, will meet due protection. 9 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 S. and Co. 
 
 LETTER IX. 
 
 To Messrs. B. and Co. London. 
 
 St. Petersburg?*, April 15. 1847. 
 
 AVING received, from Messrs. S. and Co. of Hamburgh, 
 a confirmation of the credit you have been kind enough 
 to lodge 1 with them in our favour, we beg leave to advise 
 of our having this day valued on said gentlemen for 
 850 sterling, which, we doubt not, will receive due 
 protection; and, as our concerns with your country are 
 not likely to be more extensive for this year, 2 we beg 
 you to place that sum against the nett proceeds of our 
 tallow; 3 and at the end of three months, we shall take 
 the liberty of drawing for the remainder 4 direct on your 
 good selves, 5 according to your permission. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 K. and Co. 
 
 3 getyortgen >cf)u& fmben roerben. 
 
 1 SDa nut . . . eine 23eftdttgung be (SrebitS, ben @te fo gurig 
 waren ju uufern <$unffcen ju etoffnen, empfangen fyaben. 
 
 2 ba e$ nicfyt fcfyetnt, aI8 rourben unfere efcfyafte in 
 
 fin: btefeS S^r Don grofjerer 5lubel;nung fetn. 
 ben Sftetto * Chrtrag . . . $u bu$en. 
 
 4 @albo. 
 
 5 birect auf <Ste (ober auf 3$ 
 
13 
 
 LETTER X. 
 
 To Messrs. T. B. and Co. London. 
 
 Lubec. 
 
 \\ E have been favoured with your address, by our 
 respectable friends, Messrs. W. S. and Co. of this place, 
 who have, at the same time, assured us, that our inter- 
 est cannot be confided to safer hands than to yours. 
 Those gentlemen have induced us 1 to give you the fol- 
 lowing order; the prices of which we have annexed for 
 your government in the choice of the quality, rather than 
 with a view of binding you to any fixed limits, 2 leaving 
 it entirely to your good judgment. Three hundred hundred 
 weight 3 of Java coffee, at eighty-five shillings per hundred 
 weight; two hundred hundred weight of St. Domingo 
 coffee, at one hundred and fifteen shillings per hundred 
 weight; one hundred and fifty hundredweight of the same 
 article, at one hundred and two shillings per hundred 
 weight; six hogsheads of fine loaf sugar, 4 at eighty-four 
 shillings per hundred weight. To be shipped for Bremen, 
 per a neutral vessel, addressed to Mr. J. H. there: you 
 will please to transmit the order for insurance 5 to Messrs. 
 J. H. F. and Co. in Amsterdam, handing them, at the 
 same time, the amount of the invoice when shipped, 6 
 adding thereto ten per cent, for imaginary profits, 7 and 
 
 1 tyaben imS seranlapt 
 
 2 rcobci rctr bte $reife metyr $it S^rer 3Hcf)tfd)nur in ber 
 SBafyl ber luaUtdt, att in ber Slbjtcfyt, @te an (irgenb) 
 ein beftimmteS Stmttum ju binben, angemerft fyaben. 
 
 3 Gentner. 
 
 4 fecfyS )rfyoft feinen $ut=Buc!er (9Raffmabe). 
 
 5 ben Sluftrag jur Seforgung ber 5ljTecuranj, 
 
 6 nacfy ber SSerlabung. 
 
 7 imagindren ercinn. 
 
you will reimburse yourselves upon 8 Messrs. K. and Co. 
 o/ Hamburgh, with whom we have already lodged the 
 necessary credit in your favour. 9 We look with confi- 
 dence to the event of this trial, that it will turn to our 
 advantage: you will take care that the necessary atten- 
 tion is paid to the packing, coopering, and marking of 
 the casks. 10 We hope the present will lead to an ani- 
 mated intercourse between us. By the earliest opportunity 
 we expect to be favoured with your reply, and annexed 
 to it, a statement of your market. 11 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER XI. 
 
 To Messrs. J. Y. and Co. Lubec. 
 
 London. 
 
 IN reply to your favour of the . . . we beg to return our 
 best thanks 1 for the order you were pleased to transmit 
 us with it. The execution shall be proceeded in without 
 delay, 2 and we hope in a few posts 3 to advise you of 
 the shipment. No exertions on our part shall be wanting 
 to secure us your satisfaction, 4 and a continuance of you*r 
 friendship; and we have not the least doubt, that thte 
 trial will be followed by repetitions of your orders. 
 
 8 bcmn belteben te fid) cwf . . . gu ertyolen. 
 
 9 bet rceldjen unr Sfynen bereitS ben notfyigen Gtrebit ercff= 
 net fyaben. 
 
 10 baS spacfen, @infd)lagen unb Seidpnen ber gaffer, 
 
 11 etnen 85ert$t iiber ben @tanb StyteS SttarfteS. 
 
 1 ban^en nrir Sfynen 
 
 2 foil ctyne 2Ser$ug tier fief) gefyen. 
 
 3 in etnigen (ober wcm^cn) (5)of!*) 
 
 4 un6 3^re 3ufrieben(;ctt 
 
15 
 
 There has been, for some time past, a greater stir 6 
 than usual in colonial produce, particularly in coffee, which 
 has experienced a considerable rise, and is in tolerable de- 
 mand; the stock is trifling, 7 and by no means sufficient 
 to cause a reduction in the prices. 8 
 
 Java, of good quality, is scarce, consequently high: in 
 three weeks there will be a sale 9 of about two thousand 
 bags, which will be eagerly bought up, 10 this quality being 
 in great request 11 for the Dutch market. 
 
 Raw sugars are plentiful ; but great quantities have been 
 shipped for Amsterdam and Germany, and should the de- 
 mand not abate, 12 there is a more likely prospect even of 
 a rise, than a fall, in the prices of them. Little is now 
 doing 13 in Havannah sugars; the prices are moderate, and 
 the stock is abundant, but scarcely any of the finest qua- 
 lity is to be met with. 14 
 
 East Indian sugars sell readily at the prices quoted 
 below. 15 
 
 Molasses has risen a little within 10 the last month, and, 
 the demand being greater than the supply, 17 no fall can 
 
 5 etnc gtofjete eb^afttgett. 
 
 6 jtemltrf) gefucfyt. 
 
 7 ber SBorratty tft gering. 
 
 8 feineSroegS ^inreidjenb, urn cm 0infen (obet gatten) ber 
 $)reife gu bennrfen. 
 
 9 eine Auction, 
 
 10 bie begterig tteggefauft roerben burften. 
 
 11 fefyr gefucfyt. 
 
 12 foflte bte 5ftad)ftage ftc& nid^t yermtnbern. 
 
 13 gefyt tt?entg um. 
 
 14 faum (troa $u finben. 
 
 15 Derfaufen ji$ S ern S u & cn untc nottrten 
 
 16 im aufe. 
 17 
 
16 
 
 be expected. Rice, of good quality, is scarce, but the in- 
 ferior sorts do not sell. Tobacco rises daily; the market 
 is bare, 18 and we have no prospect whatever 19 of a decline 
 in prices, unless the supply from America be more consi- 
 derable than the advices from thence mention. The fine 
 sorts, such as 20 Maryland and Virginia, are not to be had. 
 
 Our stock of Greenland oil 21 is trifling, the greater 
 part having been bought upon speculation, even before 
 the ships came in. 22 South Sea oil, which, on account 
 of the general scarcity, had risen to . . . 5 must expe- 
 rience a decline, several cargoes of this sort having ar- 
 rived lately, and the demand being discontinued. 23 
 
 Dye woods are very low, 24 the market is so over- 
 stocked, 25 that we scarcely know how to get rid of them. 26 
 There is little doing in indigo just now, yet the prices 
 keep their ground: 27 there will be a considerable sale in 
 a few days, but it is thought they will not reach so high" 
 as those of last spring. 
 
 Spices are extremely flat, 29 and the present demand is 
 by no means adequate to the stock on hand: there was 
 to-day a sale of pepper, in which the prices kept to their 
 
 18 leer. 
 
 19 nicfyt Me getingfte Stu6fid;t 
 
 20 rote (rote $um SSeifpiel). 
 
 21 gronldnber Styran. 
 
 22 fogar fcfyon efye tie @d)iffe eintiefen. 
 
 23 ba . , , anfamen, unb tie Sftacfyfrage aufgefyort fyat. 
 
 24 g?arbe!)6ljer jMjcn niebrig, 
 
 25 uberfutyrt 
 
 26 rote roir fie lo roerben foflen. 
 
 27 bel;aupten fid). 
 
 28 man Qlaubt abet ntcfyt, bag bie preife fo $oc$ getyen 
 roerben, 
 
 29 flau. 
 
17 
 
 former stand, 30 the quantity In the market being but small. 
 We shall do ourselves the pleasure of remarking to you, 
 from time to time, what alterations are worthy of your 
 notice, not doubting that our advices will be acceptable; 31 
 meantime we remain, &c. 
 
 East India sugar, one hundred to one hundred and 
 seventeen shillings per hundred weight. 
 
 LETTER XII. 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 London* 
 
 \V E refer you to our respects of the . . . , advising the 
 execution of part of your order, yet, as the late unexpect- 
 ed alteration in politics has had a great effect on aur 
 prices, 1 we find it impossible to purchase the remainder, 
 and, indeed, think ourselves fortunate in having secured 
 the parcels alluded to 2 in our last. We feel pleasure in 
 the reflection, 3 that the change which must consequently 
 take place in your market 4 will enable you to profit con- 
 siderably by this shipment, and induce you to favour us 
 again with your orders. 
 
 The invoice amount ^ ... is placed to your debit, 
 and our drafts on Hamburgh of this day balance the 
 
 30 roobei tie $reife ttyren frufycrn tanb befyaupteten. 
 
 31 ni^t jrcetfelnb, bag S^nen unferc Sln&etgen angemefym 
 fein roerben. 
 
 1 2) a abet Me ncuerltd) unermartcte SSeranbcruna, am poli* 
 ttfcfyen 4?ori$onte .... 
 
 2 bie erirctfmtcn ^artien. 
 
 3 ( macfet un$ met SSergnugen, gu gtanbeu. 
 
 4 auf Styrem $la|c, 
 
 2 
 

 18 
 
 sum. 6 The bill of lading we have sent to Bremen, and the 
 order for insurance to Amsterdam, both by this post. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 P. S. We beg to inform you, that the ship has already 
 cleared outwards at the Custom-house. 6 
 
 LETTER XIII. 
 
 To Bremen. 
 
 London. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 jLNCLOSED we have the honour to hand you bill of la- 
 ding and invoice, of sundry articles, specified at foot, 1 
 which we have shipped on board the neutral vessel the 
 Latona, Captain P. for account and risk of our mutual 
 friends, Messrs. J. Y. and Co. of Lubec. We refer you 
 to the said gentlemen for directions as to their disposal,* 
 and are, with esteem, &c. 
 
 LETTER XIV. 
 
 To Amsterdam. 
 
 London. 
 
 AGREEABLY to instructions, 1 received from our friends, 
 Messrs. J. Y. and Co. of Lubec, we beg you to effect 
 
 5 fatbiren tie @umme. 
 
 6 baf ba $iff berettS (au$ = ) c ta* tyat (i. e. betm 3oll= 
 fyaufe fretgemacfyt ift, urn auelaufen 311 fonnen). 
 
 1 am gwfie btefeS fpectftctrt. 
 
 2 SBegen be$ SBeitercn ttentmfen n?tr @te an gcnannte $w-' 
 ten, $u beren $erfu$ung fie finb (obcr fiir beren tuettere 
 SSerfugung t)ern?etfen ratr te an befacjte ^)crven), 
 
 1 ben SSorfc^rtftcn gemdf. 
 
19 
 
 the following order of insurance for their account, viz: 
 30 Hhds. of coffee, marked B. amount 
 12 Hhds. of sugar, ditto ditto ditto 
 
 together 
 
 On board the American ship the Latona, Captain P., bound 
 for Bremen; 2 the vessel is new, the captain an experien- 
 ced seaman, and sails to-morrow. 
 
 Presuming that our Lubec friends have already di- 
 rected you how to proceed in this affair, we leave it entirely 
 to your management, trusting that the above particulars 3 
 will be sufficiently explicit. 
 
 We should be happy 4 to enter into connexion with 
 so respectable a house as yours, and therefore take the 
 liberty of handing you our price -current, hoping that 
 something may be found worthy your attention. The exe- 
 cution of any orders, which you would please to confide 
 to our care , shall be attended to for the best of your 
 interests. 6 
 
 We are , &c. 
 
 LETTER XV. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 London. 
 
 W E beg leave to advise of our having this day drawn 
 upon you by order 1 and for account of Messrs. J. Y. 
 and Co. of Lubec, three hundred pounds to our own 
 
 2 nadj S5remen bejttmmt. 
 
 3 oben errodtynte Umfldnbe. 
 
 4 ($ routbe un$ freuen. 
 
 5 fott fur Styr Sntereffe auf ba$ S3efle sottjogen rcerben* 
 
 1 bap ir fjeute auf >rt>er . . auf @tc abgaben* 
 
 2* 
 
20 
 
 order, 2 four hundred to the order of P. M. and thre 
 hundred to the order of X. Z. making, in all, 3 one thou- 
 sand pounds sterling, at two and a half month's date, and 
 at the exchange of 32. .6, which we recommend to your 
 kind protection, understanding yourselves with our above- 
 named friends for the same. 4 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER XVI. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Hamburgh, 
 
 \VE have received your esteemed letter of the . . . , 
 advising your drafts on us for account of Messrs. J. Y. 
 and Co. of Lubec, amounting to one thousand pound* 
 sterling, 1 which we find to be conformable 2 to their ail- 
 vices, and have, therefore, shown due protection to your 
 signature. 3 
 
 We remain with respect, &c. 
 
 LETTER XVII. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Bremen. 
 
 1 have received the bill of lading, transmitted 1 to me 
 by your favour of the . . . , and on arrival 2 of the goods, 
 
 2 )rber son un felfrjt (ober). unfer felbft, ot>er). eigene). 
 
 3 gufammcn. 
 
 4 rooruber @te fid) mit obengenannten greunben ttetfttmbi* 
 gen (beredjjncn) n?oflen. 
 
 1 toelcfyer unS Don Sfyren auf unS gegogenen ratten Don , . . 
 benacfyrtcfyttgt, 
 
 2 gtcid)(autenb. 
 
 3 unb bafjet S^re Untcrf^rtft Qri;5rt9 refpectirten. 
 
 1 ubcrmac^t. 
 
 2 nac 
 
21 
 
 shall follow the directions 5 of my friends, Messrs. J. Y. 
 and Co. in Lubec. 
 
 I am respectfully, &c. 
 
 LETTER XVIII. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Bremen. 
 
 iSiiNCE niy last of the . . . , the Latona arrived safely, 
 and the goods landed; 1 I am, however, sorry to inform 
 you that there is a deficiency 2 of ninety pounds in the 
 weight of the coffee, which Captain P. refuses to indem- 
 nify 3 having written in the bill of lading, "weight and 
 contents unknown;" besides this, the unshattered state of 
 the casks justifies his refusal, as it clears him from any 
 imputation of embezzlement. 4 
 
 It is my duty to inform you as shipper, 5 of this 
 accident, and I also think it right 6 to accompany my 
 assertion by the enclosed sworn certificate of -the weigh- 
 ers at our town hall, 7 which 1 hope will enable you 
 to recover 8 the deficiency from the sellers, as our 
 friends may impute this to my negligence. I send them, 
 
 3 SBorjcfyriften, SSerotbnungen, 2lnorbnungem 
 
 1 bie uter ftnb gelofd)t. 
 
 2 Deficit, Sftanco, Untergenricftt. 
 
 3 entfcfydbtgen, ttetguten, erfe|en. 
 
 4 ubetbieg recfytfertigt bcr unbefdjdbigte Suftanb bet grdffer 
 [cine SSetgerung, tnbem bicfer ifyn tton 
 
 einer Untreue (ober etneS UnterfcljlagS) ftetfpricfyt. 
 
 5 SBerfenber, S3eriaber. 
 
 6 autf) fjalte tdj e fur jroetfrnafng. 
 
 7 mit bem tnltcgenben beeibigten 3eugmf unfcrer 
 2Bage^9)?etfter $u begleiten. 
 
 8 erfe^t ju erfyalten. 
 

 to-night, a full statement 9 of the circumstance, and 
 
 am, &c, 
 
 LETTER XIX. 
 
 To London. 
 
 , Lubec. 
 
 WE have duly received your sundry favours 1 of the 
 . . . , covering duplicate documents 2 of our coffee and 
 sugar, per the Latona to Bremen, all of which have 
 been found right, excepting a deficiency of ninety 
 pounds weight' in the coffee, the certificate of which our 
 correspondent reports 3 to have sent you on the 3d inst. 4 
 The ship arrived in good time, and the quality of the 
 sugars is pretty good, but we cannot say the same of 
 the coffee: we have received samples of the whole. 
 The Java is of a very ordinary kind. 5 By the sarnie 
 ship we received some Java from another house in your 
 place, equally good, and three shillings lower. We trust 
 you will not object to make us some allowance for this 
 great difference in the quality. 6 To balance the los* 
 in weight we have already debited 7 your account with 
 4. 15..0. 
 
 To enable you to form an opinion of this, we send 
 you enclosed a sample of your Java, and one of our 
 
 9 etne genaue 3>arfteflung. 
 
 t>erfd)iebenen eefytten (23rtefe, ^cfyretben). 
 
 2 nebft eingefc&lofjenen 3)upiicaten. 
 
 3 bertdjtet 
 
 4 (i. e. instant,) (btefeS 3Konat). 
 
 5 ift oon fefyr gertnger <Sorte. 
 
 6 -SStr tyoffen, @te raerbcn ofyne (tntt>entwng, unS fur ttcfen 
 grog en Untetfcfyieb in ber Gualttat einen ^ac^lag benritttgen. 
 
 7 belajht. 
 
other friends: upon comparing their qualities, you must 
 acknowledge we have a just cause for complaint. 8 
 
 We are very well satisfied with the packing of the 
 coffee, and recommend the same care in the execution 
 of our future orders. In expectation of your reply, we 
 remain , &c. 
 
 LETTER XX. 
 
 To Lnbec. 
 
 London. 
 
 WE observe with regret, by your letter of the . . . , 
 that you think the quality of our Java coffee, iu propor- 
 tion to the price, inferior to that sent you from another 
 house, by the same vessel. We will not now enter into a 
 tedious discussion 1 about the merits of the respective 
 samples, 3 and though we may be ready to allow there is 
 a trifling difference between them, yet we cannot agree 
 with you, that we ought, "in justice," 3 to make a sacri- 
 fice so very considerable. Though our neighbours shipped 
 their coffee in the same vessel, they may have received 
 their order some time previous to yours coming to hand} 4 
 for we purchased on receipt of your letter, and are con- 
 fident, that no house in London bought Java coffee sub- 
 sequent to that time, and previous to the ship's sailing, 
 at a proportionally inferior price. The deficiency in the 
 weight, we are at a loss to account for; 5 the greatest 
 attention is invariably paid, 6 on our part, to guard against 
 
 8 bag wir gerecfyte Urfad^c $u ftagen fyaben. 
 
 1 langroetltge Gtrorterung , Untcrfudjung. 
 
 2 ber gegenfeittgen ^rofcen. 
 
 3 "btfltger SBcife," obet "on 9fte$t5tt>egcn." 
 
 4 frufyer M unS berfelbc ttwrbe. 
 
 5 fonncn nnr un nic^t erfldrcn, 
 6 
 
24 
 
 that, but we find our endeavours in vain: It must arise 
 from pilfering, 7 because 8 sugar, a thick and solid body, 
 we never find to lose so much: and without destroying a 
 whole cask, it would be impossible to extract a single loaf, 
 while, by boring a hole of an inch in diameter, 9 a hogs- 
 head of coffee may be completely 10 emptied. We, and 
 all the other Hamburgh merchants, have often been suf- 
 ferers by such acts, which have risen to so alarming a de- 
 gree, as to call loudly for some strenuous interference to 
 put a stop to them. 11 As we have the greatest respect for 
 the assertion 12 of Mr. J. H. of Bremen, we will submit to 
 that loss, but most earnestly protest against being suffer- 
 ers on account of 13 the fineness in the quality. 
 
 We can procure the testimony of our brokers, that 
 die Java coffee, when bought by us, 14 was really worth 
 its price; nay, 15 that we were even offered an advance 
 of money 16 to relinquish the bargain: 17 considering our 
 willingness to refund 18 the amount for the deficiency in 
 
 7 <tetylen (unbebeutenbet 2>tebffcatyl, 50laufen). 
 
 8 fcenm 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 -2Btr, unb atte ubttge fyamburger .ftaufleutc, $aben oft bwrcfc 
 folce 23ubereien gelttten, tie $tt einem fo fyofyen rabe $e* 
 fttegen ftnb, baft fie ju frdftigen Sftajiiregeln aufforbern, urn 
 bicfem Unfuge ein (Enbe ju madden. 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 SSir f onnen bitrdj baS Seugnifj unfrcr 2fta? ler bte $ 
 
 big? ctt be Saua^affee'S jur 3eit ba nrir tn f auften, bart^un. 
 
 15 ja fogar. 
 
 16 eine bare (ntf$dbtgung. 
 
 17 ben ^auf rutfgangig ju mac^en. 
 
 18 erflatten, t>er<jute. 
 
25 
 
 weight, you must not be too severe in exacting further 
 sacrifices. We credit your account with 4 . . 15 . . 0, 
 hoping that all objections will he removed by it. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXL 
 
 To Mr. P. Hamburgh. 
 
 Copenhagen. 
 
 ALTHOUGH you have not hitherto honoured us with your 
 correspondence to any considerable extent, yet we are 
 encouraged, by the high character you bear on our 
 exchange, 1 to propose a speculation of a safe nature, 
 which we doubt not will meet your consent. Our business 
 ha.s prospered so much, since our establishment in thift 
 place, that we find it perfectly convenient 2 to extend our 
 concerns; but you mast be well aware, 3 that the best 
 connexions in your city are absolutely necessary to carry 
 on and strengthen the exchange business from hence, 4 
 particularly since your bank has acquired so distinguished 
 a preference over all others 5 on a similar footing. 6 We 
 have, it is true, 7 some correspondents at Hamburgh, 
 who allow us a credit which we make a moderate use of, 
 
 1 ftnben nrir un botf) burdj ben Qitten SRuf, ben @ie an n 
 ferer 236rfe geniefen, tteranlafjt. 
 
 2 baf ttnr e fin: angemeffen fmben. 
 
 3 aber @ie muffen rootyl errodgen. 
 
 4 urn ba 28ed)jel=efrf)dft tton I)ier au betretben unb befe'* 
 jltgcn $u fonnen. 
 
 5 einen fo entfdjtebenen SScrgug oor alien anbern. 
 
 6 auf d'fynltcfyem gufe gegrunbeten, 
 7 
 
but those houses are not sufficiently known here to enable 
 us to negociate 8 on the exchange all the bills we are in 
 the habit of drawing, which are principally against ship- 
 ments of goods, &c. Our object, therefore, in thus 
 addressing you is, to learn whether you are willing to 
 grant us a blank credit 9 upon your house, to the amount 
 of three thousand marcs banco, which you will find 
 us punctual in reimbursing by the best drafts we can 
 procure. 10 
 
 We could propose another mode of reimbursement, 
 which, if you would agree to, we have no doubt you 
 would find satisfactory as well as advantageous. The 
 chance of war 11 brings into our port many valuable 
 cargoes of East and West India productions, which are 
 usually sold for the benefit of the captors, 12 and which, 
 on account of the cheap purchases that are made, never 
 fail to render to good account in your market. 13 We 
 are in the habit of buying large quantities of these, and 
 should be happy to execute your orders as payment for 
 our drafts. 
 
 With respect to inquiries as to our character and 
 solidity, 14 we beg to refer you to Messrs. S. and T. of 
 your place, who have lately given a proof of their con- 
 fidence, by consigning us a large parcel of goods. 
 
 Enclosed is a price-current for your inspection , and 
 
 8 anbringcn, 
 
 9 etnen 23lanc 
 
 10 roelrfjen n?tr . , . ffcet punftltc^ becfen werben. 
 
 11 bag tfrieg6lu(f. 
 
 12 (Saper. 
 
 13 auf Sfyrem 2ftarte gut ju renttren, gute SKed)nung u 
 geben. 
 
 14 (Erfunbtgungen uber un, ic. 
 
27 
 
 a calculation of coffee, 15 which we think would turn to 
 good account. 
 
 We are, &c, 
 
 LETTER XXII. 
 
 To Messrs. M. and S. Copenhagen. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 ALTHOUGH it is impossible to entertain th* s%Jtest 
 doubt of the solidity of your ho'use , after the recom- 
 mendation given me by Messrs. S. and T. , yet I have 
 always had the strongest aversion to granting any one 
 that dangerous facility, 1 a blank credit; and I therefore 
 am unwilling to agree to the proposal contained in your 
 letter of the 20th. It is true, that in every extensive 
 conaern 2 there must inevitably occur some exchange 
 operations. 3 But it is an established rule 4 in my busi- 
 ness, that no bill of exchange is entered^upon my books 
 without being connected with some real mercantile trans- 
 action. 5 If I ever permit a correspondent to draw upon 
 me, I must not only know, but be concerned in the 
 object of his draft, besides being perfectly assured of 
 reimbursement coming to cover the engagement; 5 and 
 when the draft is paid, the affair extends no farther. 
 It is sincerely to be wished that all merchants acted upon 
 
 15 $u gcfdttiger ^Inftc&t, unb etnc 23ere$nung iiber 
 
 efafligfeit. 
 
 2 in jebem auSgebefynten efdjdft. 
 
 3 2Be$fel*)perattonen. 
 
 4 eine fefte SKegel. 
 
 5 mit bem ein ttnr?lt$e$ anbel8=efc&aft nft&t tterbunben ift. 
 
 6 ... fonbern au$ bartn interefftrt, unb be SRembourfeS ju 
 SDecfung ber SSerbinbltcfyfeit, ooUfommen Derfldjert fein, 
 
*l* 
 
 28 
 
 the same grounds; commerce would gain inconceivably 
 by it, as there would be no dread of misplaced 7 con- 
 fidence. But in order to give you a proof of my opinion 
 of your house, I am aboui 8 to open my account by a 
 very considerable commission. Have the goodness to pro- 
 cure me the best information respecting the prices and 
 the different qualities of coffee, which are offered for 
 sale at your markets. I know that formerly, by giving 
 commissions to your market, we could gain something by 
 a subsequent rise in price, 9 but as it is a considerable 
 time since I have been accustomed to trade in this article, 
 I am unacquainted with your present mode of purchasing 
 and the abilities of your brokers, who, I remember, 
 have been completely ignorant of the article they profess 
 to purchase. 10 I have, therefore, to request you will 
 send me by the post, small samples of all sorts of coffee, 
 the prices to be quoted on board; 11 also to inform me 
 of what shipping opportunities 12 you have, to enable me 
 to give you directions accordingly, 
 
 I am , &c. 
 
 LETTER XXffl. 
 
 To Messrs. M. and S. Copenhagen. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 I find now it was fortunate I ordered samples of coffe 
 
 7 ubelangebracfyt. 
 
 8 bin i$ SBtUenS. 
 
 9 Stf) rcetjii baj? roir efyebem burcfy Sluftrdge nad) 
 $Ha|e bei etnem nacfyfyertgen ^tetgen ber spretfe 
 gennnnen fonnren. 
 
 10 rcelcfyen jte 311 faufcn jid) antyetfdjtg mac^en. 
 
 11 ftei an S5orb. 
 
 12 cfytjfS * (Selegenfyetten. 
 
prior to giving you directions for purchasing, 1 being then 
 ignorant that each quality is distinguished in your market 
 under a very different name from that by which it passes 
 here. I am, however, now inclined to give you two 
 commissions; the first on the sample 2 No. 1, which 1 
 take for good Bourbon, 3 and the other on No. 3, which, 
 in my opinion, is middling Surinam. I would willingly 
 give thirty-four shillings Danish for the former, and 
 twenty-seven for the latter quality. If you can procure 
 them at that price, you may send six thousand pounds 
 weight of each kind, by the first vessel sailing for Lubec 
 and you may draw direct on me at any term, from six- 
 teen days to two and a half usances date. 4 
 
 Relying on your exertions for my interests in the 
 execution of the above order, 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXIV. 
 
 To Mr. P. Hamburgh. 
 
 Copenhagen. 
 
 \\'E have herewith the honour to inform you, that 
 your kind commission has been executed with all the 
 promptitude and attention it was capable of. 1 We are 
 fully convinced that you will find the several sorts of 
 coffee corresponding 2 to your wishes. Notwithstanding 
 
 1 e$e id) 3nen bte S3orfd)rtft jum (ginfauf crt^ctlte. 
 
 2 auf bte (ot>er nacf) ber) ^tofce. 
 
 3 tt)eld)en id) fur ... fyalic. . 
 
 4 unb mogen ben SSctrag auf jcbe fccltebtge Sett, Don fe 
 
 Sagen bis gu 2y 2 Uso birect auf mid) entnel;men. 
 
 1 mit alter mcglid;cn $pimftttd)Edt unb SStefmerffamfett, 
 
 2 entfprecfyenb. 
 
30 
 
 the difference there is in the prices in the respective* 
 markets, according to the invoice which accompanies the 
 present, the amount is four thousand dollars, or, in 
 Hamburgh money, nine thousand two hundred and sixty 
 marcs banco, for which we have debited your account. 
 We hope, however, you will have no objection to our 
 drawing the principal part, 4 which we have done, to the 
 amount of nine thousand marcs banco, in four bills of 
 the same sum each, 6 drawn for 6 this day, all to the 
 order of B. 11. and Co.; the balance we'll let remain till 
 your next kind orders. 
 
 The coffee (both in hogsheads and bags, as mentioned 
 in the invoice) 7 will be shipped to-morrow, per the 
 Harmonia, Captain Oles, who sails at farthest, 8 in eight 
 days. We have judged it prudent to make out 9 two bills 
 of lading, one for the hogsheads, and another for the 
 bags, both of which you will find enclosed. 10 
 
 Recommending ourselves to your friendship, 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 3 gegenfeitigen. 
 
 4 @ie tt>ett>en ni$t bagegen einrcenben, bafi . . . . 
 
 5 in mer Appoints , SSSecfyfcln. 
 
 6 entnommen. 
 
 7 (foroofyl in O^often, al$ in ^dtfen, laut actura). 
 
 8 fpdtcflenS. 
 
 9 nnt fyaben fur gut befunben . . , 
 10 bte beibe tnltegenb folgen. 
 
31 
 
 LETTER XXV. 
 
 To Messrs. M. and S. Copenhagen. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 I OUR esteemed favour of . . . , covering 1 bills of lading 
 and invoices of coffee, shipped per the Harmoni;*, is 
 received, and the amount, 9269 marcs, placed to your 
 credit. 2 Per contra, 3 I debit you for your drafts, to 
 order of B. R. and Co. in the sum of 9000 marcs, which 
 have already been presented, and due honour paid them. 4 
 I shall await the arrival of the coffee before giving any 
 further orders, 5 and if it is to my satisfaction, it will 
 be an inducement to extend our correspondence for mu- 
 tual benefit. 6 
 
 I am, Gentlemen, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXVI. 
 
 To Mr. Y. Colberg. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 CONFORMABLY to 1 your orders, I have acquainted the 
 underwriters 2 who effected the insurance in question, 1 
 "that the present shattered condition of your vessel is 
 entirely in consequence of her last voyage," but have 
 received from them the answer I had every reason to 
 
 1 enttyaltenb. 
 
 2 in Styr ut!)aben gsbra^t. 
 
 3 fcdQcgen (ober al$ egenfafc), 
 
 4 roclcfye bereitS Dorgegetgt unt> fcfyitlbtgft t>ere$rt rourbw, 
 
 5 efje icfy Sfynen rcettere 5luftrdge ertfyeile. 
 
 6 gegcnfettia nufcltcfyet Cmt>eite;un0, 
 
 2 
 
 3 tie beroufte 5lffecuran$. 
 
expect; namely, that "underwriters are not bound 4 to 
 pay for the ordinary repairs of a ship, which have not 
 arisen from any violent cause." 5 This reply is, in my 
 opinion, indisputable,, and I would advise you to abide 
 by it; 6 for it will only cause unnecessary expense, and 
 we both know that an action often leaves the gainer 
 considerably out of pocket. 7 It is well known that every 
 ressel is subject to wear and tear, upon her voyage, and 
 the owners always provide for that out of the freight 
 they receive. 8 1 think I have thus shown the miscon- 
 ception on your part, of the liabilities of an owner; 9 
 and that it would be impossible for any action to hold 10 
 in a case like the present. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXVII. 
 
 To Mr. S. Hamburgh. 
 
 Colberg. 
 
 I should scarcely have believed you capable of such par- 
 tiality towards your Insurance Company, if I had not your 
 letter of the ... to witness it. 1 The policy 2 expressly 
 
 4 md;t gefyalten (ober aerbunben) feten. 
 
 5 tie ntcfyt son einer geroaltfamen SSeranlaffung entftanbm, 
 
 6 Me <ad)e auf fid) beru^en $u laffen. 
 
 7 ba ein ?)roceg bem ercinner oft grofje Summon fojlet. 
 
 8 unb bte R()eber bejfreiten btefe pet con bcr grac^t, bie 
 fie erl;alten. 
 
 9 SebcnfaUS jtnb ^te uber bie ^flidjten be 9lcbcr im Srr= 
 tl;um. 
 
 10 to hold an action, einen 9)roce^ fufyrcn. 
 
 1 roenu id) nicf)t . . . jum SBetDei^ fycitte. 
 
 2 ( of insurance), police (SBerfi^erungS * 
 
33 
 
 ^ 
 
 declares, In the most unequivocal and plain terms, 3 "We 
 engage and bind 4 ourselves to be accountable for all the 
 risks, damages, and accidents 5 of the sea, which may 
 result from this present voyage, and arrive to this said 
 ship in any shape or form 6 whatsoever." Now it is evi- 
 dent 7 that I have been at the expense of eight hundred 
 crowns 8 for the repairs of this vessel, incurred in conse- 
 quence of this very voyage; 9 and how stands the above 
 clause, 30 if I am not to be reimbursed 11 for that? If you 
 have no inclination, or rather are afraid/ 2 to enter into 
 the affair, I beg you will recommend me to some able 
 lawyer, who is willing to undertake the business for me; 
 and waiting your reply, 
 
 I remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXVIIL 
 
 To Mr. Y. Colberg. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 |jN compliance with 1 the request contained in your last 
 of the . . . , 1 have detailed 2 the particulars of your 
 cause to many able and honourable lawyers, as I know 
 
 3 in ben unjttdbeuttgften unb flarfhn 
 
 4 roir binben unb tterpfltdjten unS. 
 
 5 efafyren, sftacfytfyeile unb SufdUe. 
 
 6 auf trgenb cine SKeife ober unter irgenb ewer (Ucftalt 
 
 7 e ift augenfcfyeinlitf), 
 
 8 kronen Staler. 
 
 9 aB golge ber je^igen Sleife. 
 
 10 unb me tjcr^dlt e fid; urn obige <laufeJ. 
 
 11 entfcfyabigt. 
 
 12 ober melmefyr 23ebenfen tracjen. 
 
 1 3u 
 
 2 $abe i$ bie befontern Umftdnbe , , . genau 
 
you would not be concerned with any others. Those 
 who are not so would be happy to get hold of the affair. 
 and you would have been led into enormous expense; 
 but those with whom 1 have conversed are men of 
 honourable principles, 3 and who, disdaining to profit 
 by the loss of another, have absolutely refused to plead 
 it; 4 and as I conceived you might think me negligent, 
 I have requested one of these gentlemen to give me his 
 opinion in writing, 8 which I send you herewith: 
 
 "I willingly allow that the expression of the policy 
 appears to be a specious pretext 6 to reclaim from the 
 underwriter the expense of refitting a vessel for every 
 new voyage; and it would be well to alter the words in 
 future insurances, in order to avoid any demur which 
 may arise from so intricate a subject. 
 
 "In the light in which Mr. Y. has taken the matter, 
 it is very evident that the insurers cannot be obliged to 
 deliver every vessel, at the end of her voyage, in the 
 exact state in which she set sail 7 or pay for the expense 
 of so doing. 8 Those who promise most will be found 
 to fulfil least; and if the underwriters were obliged to 
 perform 9 every contract to this extent, they would, in 
 the end 10 not be able to insure a single vessel; and, in 
 
 3 son recfytltcfjen <3runfcfu|en, 
 
 4 ifyrt 311 fufyren (i. e. the cause, ben 
 
 5 fcfyrtftltrf). 
 
 6 einen fcfyeinbaren 83ortt>anb jeigt. 
 
 7 in bem e abfegelte. 
 
 8 ober bie Soften ber SSieber^erfteUung ju becfen, 
 
 9 ju soltyefyeiu 
 10 dm (nbe. 
 
fact, the insurer only guarantees the accidents 11 which a 
 vessel suffers on her voyage, and not the necessary wear 
 and tear 12 of a prosperous passage. It is evident that 
 the vessel has met with no accident, properly so called, 18 
 and therefore cannot be concerned in the above clause. 
 His mistake must have originated from not making a just 
 distinction between accidents and decay; 14 but upon this 
 there arises another question, namely, whether the vessel 
 was in good and sound condition when she put to sea? 15 
 Should this be proved not to have been the case, the 
 underwriter has an action 16 against the merchant for 
 certifying as good that which in fact was not so. In this 
 second hypothesis, 17 it is proved that the insurer is not 
 liable to the disbursements 18 of a vessel for a damage 
 which existed before he signed the policy. He is only 
 responsible for the violent accidents 19 arising from any 
 cause during the voyage in which he is concerned." 
 The affair is thus simplified and reduced to the compass 
 of any understanding. 20 
 
 I am, <fec. 
 
 11 unb in ber Styat flefyt ter SBerftcfyerer nur fur bie aufer$e 
 roofynlicfyen 3ufdHe. 
 
 12 Slbnufcung, 
 
 13 & ift cffenbar, bag bem ^d^iffe f ein, mit SRedijt fo genann* 
 ter, Unfall begegnet ijt. 
 
 14 Unfatt unb SSerfatt. 
 
 15 at8 e in See ging. 
 
 16 fo fyat ber SSerftcfyerer etne Urfacfye $ur 
 
 17 #9potMe. 
 
 18 Qhitfdjabigimg. 
 
 19 gewaltfame 23cfcf)dbtgiwg, 
 
 20 ttereinfa^t unb fapii$ fur jeben SSerftanb. 
 
LETTER XXIX. 
 
 To Messrs. F. W. H. and Co. Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 0^ the 6th ult. I had last the honour to write to you, 
 and am since deprived of your favours, 1 although [ 
 wished very much to have received some advices con- 
 cerning flax, 2 and the prices which may be expected. 
 The season is, however, but just begun, and I expect 
 yon will give me every information on the subject. In 
 short, 3 I have a considerable order for flax from Oporto; 
 and although my friends seem very cautious in their ex- 
 pressions, yet 1 think I run no risk by commissioning 
 you to purchase as follows 4 : 
 
 200 ship -pounds twelve head 5 Drucana flax 
 
 50 do .... do .... nine head ... do ... do 
 In all, two hundred and fifty ship -pounds of the very 
 best and cleanest quality, of long and strong stems,* 
 white, and free from weeds, at the very lowest price 
 you can procure. On effecting the purchase, you may 
 value direct upon me, at the most favourable course, 7 
 and at sixty -five days' date; or, in case drafts cannot 
 be conveniently negociated, 8 I shall give you a credit 
 upon Messrs. H. R. and Co. at Riga, for the amount. 
 
 1 ol;ne 3l;re 
 
 2 9?ad)rtcfyten uber 
 
 3 fur*. 
 
 4 fo glaube id) toe!) feme cfa$r gu laufen, roenn i 
 beaitftrage, 
 
 5 moijopfig 
 
 6 tengcln. 
 
 7 |um Borttye 
 
 8 ju begeben, unter^ubringen, 
 
In the shipment, pray be very particular as to 9 the 
 state of the vessel, that she is a good one, and be ex- 
 plicit in mentioning the same to me, as a very trifling 
 error or omission in the description of a ship may cause 
 a rise or depression of the premium. 10 
 
 In the execution of the above order, you will consider 
 as if you were speculating for yourselves; for, should 
 the purchase please, I have no doubt of a repetition of 
 their commands, and you shall certainly have the pre- 
 ference in any concerns of mine. 
 
 Waiting your reply, 
 
 I am, <fcc. 
 
 LETTER XXX. 
 
 To Mr. G. H. T. Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 
 WE have duly noted the contents of your esteemed 
 favour of . . . , covering your order for two hundred and 
 fifty ship -pounds of flax, and shall use our utmost 
 endeavours to effect a purchase of the same, on such 
 terms as will entitle us to a continuance of your 
 friendship. 
 
 The deep snow which has fallen within these few 
 days, has put a temporary stop 1 to business; but we 
 hope to find every thing in its accustomed train 2 be- 
 fore next post. At low prices we can scarcely hope to 
 procure your goods. We are sorry to say, that the 
 
 9 betreffenb, 
 
 10 burcf) , . . fann oft etnc tyofjere ober niebere ^cdmie be- 
 rmtft rcetben. (. Sfote 2 auf @. 9.) 
 
 1 eine augenblitflt$e 
 
 2 in fetnem geroo()ttltcfyen ange. 
 
38 
 
 crop* of last year was but inconsiderable, and the price 
 is already looking up. 4 Of this, however, you may be 
 assured, that you shall not be burdened with goods at 
 a higher, but if possible at a lower rate 5 than any 
 purchased by our neighbours. 6 An experience of many 
 years has taught us that the earliest purchases are usually 
 the best. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXXI. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 ALTHOUGH I read with pleasure the readiness which you 
 express to forward 1 my interest, yet I confess my regret 
 at observing that the weather will keep you inactive 
 during the time I wished the flax to be bought; and 
 that, on account of the thin crop 2 of last year, you are 
 unable to buy on the terms I wish. The Portuguese 
 merchants are certainly accustomed to meet with inter- 
 ruptions 3 almost every year in flax speculations; and 
 the circumstances you mention are by no means uncom- 
 mon. I should, however, have been happy, if chance 
 had permitted me to succeed this time, it being the be- 
 ginning of my correspondence with the Oporto house. 
 And if I had fully succeeded now, it might have secured 
 me their connexion in future. 
 
 3 S&it bebauern, Sfynen fagen $u muffen, baf tic Qhmte. 
 
 4 unb ber $)rei berettS im (Steigen tft. 
 
 5 jit bifligern S3ebtngungen. 
 
 6 (Soncurrenten. 
 
 1 beforbern. 
 
 2 roegen ber fpdrlicfyen Chrnte. 
 
 3 totungen. 
 
I beg you, gentlemen, to act for my interest, a& if 
 it were your own; but not to commit me, by closing a 
 rash bargain 4 . 
 
 I have the honour to be, <fcc. 
 
 LETTER XXXII. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 VN the third inst. I had last the pleasure of addressing 
 you, and am since without your favours. I now transmit 1 
 you a further order for flax of the following qualities; viz. 
 
 One hundred and twenty ship-pounds of D, 
 
 Seventy ship-pounds of HD, 
 
 Thirty ship-pounds of R, and 
 
 Thirty ship -pounds of C, to be marked Z, on two 
 sides, and half of the bales marked also with A, and the 
 remainder of them with B. I recommend the purchase to 
 your care, 2 and allow you to extend the limits a quarter 
 of a ruble, 8 if the goods are not to be had lower: there 
 must be no Russian flax in the purchase; none but of 
 Livonian growth will suit me. 4 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXXIII. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 WE have received both your esteemed favours of the..., 
 
 4 mid) jefcodj ntd&t burrf) ubereiltcn Slbfdjlufj biefeS 
 blof $u ftellen, 
 
 1 ertfyetle. 
 
 2 eorgfait. 
 
 3 ba 2tmttum . . . &u ubetftetgcn, 
 
 4 nur IteflanbtfcfyeS @erodd)$ fann mir fctetun. 
 
and duly noted their contents; be assured we shall 
 attend to your interest as our own, and exert ourselves 
 to the utmost 1 to purchase to your satisfaction. We are 
 sprry to say that the quantity now on hand is very 
 trifling: many holders, 2 who formerly had a constant 
 supply of from three to 3 four hundred ship -pounds of 
 this article, have now scarcely fifty to dispose of, 4 and 
 consequently ask most exorbitantly for the same. 
 
 All purchases which we have observed of late, were 
 only made by small parcels, 5 and the demand for flax is 
 very great; we have, however, been fortunate enough 
 to conclude the following bargain: Two hundred ship- 
 pounds of different sorts, and the twelve head, at thirty- 
 three rubles, such as we every day see thirty -five paid 
 for;* the other kinds are in proportion. 
 
 Knowing this price to be above your expectations, 
 we, for a moment, hesitated engaging at it; 7 but con- 
 sidering 8 the uncommon scarcity of the article, and that 
 this circumstance must also affect other markets, we are 
 fully of opinion that it is an advantageous purchase. The 
 sellers would not agree to an immediate delivery, but we 
 obliged them to promise it before the end of the month; 
 and we shall then give you every information, for the 
 purpose of insurance. 9 
 
 1 unb un mogttcfyft beffcreben roerben, 
 
 2 mele (holders, Snfja&er) ^robucenten. 
 
 3 beffcdnbtg em Quantum ttcn . . . bt$. 
 
 4 abjulafjen. 
 
 5 rourben nur in ftetnen ^partten gematfyt. 
 
 6 ben ttrir tdgttdj mit . . . be^afylen fe^en. 
 
 7 fo trugen nrir anfanglicfy 23ebenfen ityn em$ugeen. 
 
 8 abcr in 23etrad)t, 
 
 9 tutfft$tltc& fcer 
 
41 
 
 The necessary funds 10 for this bargain we have re- 
 ceived from Messrs. H. R. and Co. of Riga, for your 
 account, and you stand credited 11 with us for eight thou- 
 sand rubles upon this transaction. We shall endeavour to 
 accomplish the remainder 12 of the orders you entrusted 
 to us upon the best terms, and trust you will approve 
 our zeal. In reply to your inquiries about corn, we have 
 to observe, that neither bere nor farther up the country 
 is there any stock of consequence, or any marketable 
 quality 13 to he had. 
 
 The severe night frosts which we had in the month of 
 July, nearly blighted the grain, 14 and the want of wheat 
 and rye 15 is very severely felt here. We are, at this 
 season, usually in possession- of a large stock; but this 
 year could not get any to suit our customers. 16 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXXIV. 
 
 To Pernau 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 1)Y your last of the ... I learn 1 that you have pur- 
 chased far my account, two hundred ship-pounds of flax. 
 1 should have had no objection to this purchase, had not 
 the price been so exorbitantly high. 2 I really doubt who 
 
 10 Capital. 
 
 11 ftnb bafut etfarmt. 
 
 12 ben ubrtgen fyetl auSjufutyren. 
 
 13 t>erdufltrf)e 2Baare. 
 
 14 setbarben tie aat (burrfj 9Wef)lt$au). 
 
 15 SBeijen unb 9ftoggen. 
 
 16 urn unfere ^unben (Slbnetymer) $u befriebtgen. 
 
 1 9lu8 . . . erfefje tc$. 
 
 2 ubcrmaftg tyocfy. 
 
42 
 
 tber it would not be better to relinquish 3 the speculation, 
 if it must be made on such terms; 4 but as you have be- 
 gun, and perhaps already completed the commission, I 
 think to send a counter-order 5 would be ineffectual, and 
 probably cause some unpleasant correspondence, which I 
 always wish to avoid; I only beg, if this 6 arrives in time, 
 that, in executing the second order, you would, on no 
 account, give a higher price than you have last quoted; 
 as, in a contrary case, the goods would lie for my ac- 
 count, which would cause me a serious loss. 7 The last 
 ordered thirty R and thirty C ship-pounds, I wish you to 
 omit altogether 8 as it is my intention to charter^ the 
 ship I mentioned to you; and the whole order, exclusive 
 of these sixty ship-pounds, .will be as much as I want. 
 
 I have it in contemplation to order her to your port, 10 
 and, taking in the flax, she shall proceed to Memel, there 
 lie for convoy, 11 and then proceed to her destination. 13 
 If ship provisions are cheap with you, of which I request 
 to be informed, I will have her stored in your town for 
 her whole voyage. 13 Should it have so happened, that 
 you were unable 14 to execute more than my first order, 
 
 3 aufjugeben. 
 
 4 &u fotcfyen ^reifen. 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 n>a3 mtr eincn empftnbttdjen 23eriuft oetutfad&en rciirbe. 
 
 8 bitte trf) ganj we^ulafjen. 
 
 9 befracfytcn (bebtngen). 
 
 10 Sd) bin SBiflenS, bag 0rf)tff nad) Sfytcm afen ju fenbcn. 
 
 11 bort cine Gonttop (23ebecfung) erroarten. 
 
 12 unb bann feme (roeitere) Stetfe fortfefcen &u lafien. 
 
 13 fo raid id) eS in Stytet @tabt fur tie gange Sfceife oerforgen 
 lafien. 
 
 14 fottten ^ie nt^t im (gtanbe getrefen fctn. 
 
I beg you to write to Mr. R. in Memel, and inform him 
 of the same. 
 
 LETTER XXXV. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau 
 
 \\E confirm our last of the . . . , advising the purchase 
 of two hundred ship-pounds of flax, and have since re- 
 ceived your esteemed letters of the .... 
 
 Our traveler employed in purchasing the goods, 1 re- 
 turned yesterday, after an unsuccessful search. 2 He shall 
 go again to-morrow; and as we can rely upon him, we 
 are convinced, that if a purchase on your terms is practi- 
 cable, he will effect it. The buying in gross 3 we wish 
 to avoid, but as it is difficult to do so in the most plenti- 
 ful seasons, 4 you may imagine that it is next to impossible 
 to suit you now. 5 
 
 In the course of a fortnight we hope to give you a 
 decisive answer; mean time remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXXVI. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 
 WE receive by your letter of ... a fresh order for two 
 hundred and fifty ship -pounds of flax, in which we shall 
 
 1 Unfer mtt bem Cltnfauf ber SBaarcn fcefcfyaftigtet SReifenber. 
 
 2 nad) ttergeblidjem (erfolQlofem) @urf)en. 
 
 3 ba aufen in 33auf<$ imb 23ogen (auf bem alm). 
 
 4 bei ben reicfyften Cmtten. 
 
 5 bag eS jefct fajl unmogltcf) ifl, Stytem S&unfcfje in biefem 
 $)unfte ju entfprecfyen. 
 
endeavour to give you satisfaction. 1 We have this day 
 been advised, by our traveler in the interior, 2 that he 
 has obtained, for your account, one hundred ship-pounds 
 of different qualities, from thirty-six to forty-eight rubles. 
 Notwithstanding all his exertions, 3 he found it impossible 
 to procure it at a lower price. We may, perhaps, be 
 more fortunate in the execution of your last commission. 
 Be assured, that no house here purchases on better terms 
 than ours; the prices you must impute to the badness of 
 the times, and not to our want of zeal and activity. 4 
 Had we received your order a little sooner, we should 
 have been more fortunate, but trust 3 this is reserved for 
 another opportunity. The greatest part of your flax if 
 delivered, and lies 6 now in our store-warehouse 7 at th 
 water's edge, 8 ready for shipping. 9 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXXVH. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 OINCE my last of the ... I have received your two fa- 
 vours of the 3d and 10th. The former led me to sap- 
 pose 1 that a higher price than ordinary was necessary to 
 
 1 in beffen $usfuf)rimg nnr un, <Ste ju befrtebtgen, bejheben 
 roerben. 
 
 2 au bem Snnern be$ 2anbc5. 
 
 3 aUcr SOlufye ungeadfjtet. 
 
 4 ... unfereS SDienfteiferS tmb unferer 
 
 5 fyalten <^ie fid:) jebod:) 
 
 6 lagert. 
 
 7 ^petd&er. 
 
 8 an ber 28afTet=ette. 
 
 9 ur SBerlabung bereit. 
 
 1 liefj mic$ sermufyen. 
 
ihe execution of my orders; but the latter has, contrary 
 to my expectation, confirmed this surmise. 2 That I have 
 given you orders, without any positive limits, 1 readily 
 allow; but as you are well versed in this business, 3 I 
 thought it unnecessary to fix a standard. 4 
 
 I have, moreover, to regret sending my instructions 
 too late, for I know that about the time when 1 first com- 
 municated them to you, another house here had their com- 
 missions executed at thirty rubles, whereas the first price 
 you advised to have paid for me was thirty-three. I con- 
 sole myself, however with the reflection, 5 that the quality 
 will make amends for the price, 6 and in this hope, I trust, I 
 shall not be disappointed: as I have often found your pur- 
 chases advantageous, 1 must draw the same inference now. 7 
 
 As the first two hundred ship-pounds are now in your 
 possession, please to observe, that they are intended for 
 two different houses, an equal quantity for each. You 
 will, therefore, separate them in such a manner, that a 
 due proportion of all the sorts shall be allotted to each 
 house, 8 and let one of the hundred ship-pounds be mark- 
 ed .W. and the other C. Make out the bills of lading, 
 to "order". 9 The one hundred ship-pounds, which your 
 last advises 10 to have bought, must be marked AB. and 
 
 2 btefe 33ermutl;ung beftdtigt. 
 
 3 ba @te aber in biefem efcfyaft crfafyren jtnb. 
 
 4 etncn $prei $u beptmmen (oorgufdjreiben). 
 
 5 3d) fyoffe jcbodj, bap ... 
 
 6 bafj mid) tie jdualitdt fur b-en $)ret$ entfcfycteigen rcirb. 
 
 7 fo glaube id), jeo baffctbe fdjliegenb, in metnev 
 nid)t cjetaufcfyt ju roerDen. 
 
 8 bag jebem $aufe fcto Quantum tm ridjttgen 
 t>on jeber battling juget^ctlt unrb. 
 
 9 (teHen ie bie SBerlabun^^eine ,,an bic Drbct 
 W bmc^tet, 
 
the bills of lading also made out as above. The one 
 hundred and forty ship -pounds, which you have still to 
 buy may be divided thus : 
 
 Eighty ship-pounds marked BC. and 
 Sixty ditto ditto CD. 
 
 The bills of lading you will send to me. You will 
 also please to let me have a separate invoice of each par- 
 cel, and also an account of the shipping expenses, 11 <fec. 
 These latter will be defrayed by Messrs. II. R. and Co. 
 of Riga. 12 You may write to Mr. A. Von D. in Elsineur, 13 
 for payment of all the Sound dues, 14 which he will, no 
 doubt, comply with, being an old correspondent of my 
 house. I entrust my interest to your care, and am, <fec. 
 
 LETTER XXXVIII. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pcrnau. 
 
 IMMEDIATELY on receipt of your letter of the . . . we 
 despatched a messenger after our traveler, 1 who has now 
 been gone four days, to desire him, according to the 
 tenor 2 of your advices, to annul our order for purchasing 
 two hundred and fifty ship-pounds of flax; and, as it was 
 impossible to buy at the prices we before obtained, but, 
 on the contrary, saw more paid every day , we flatter 
 ourselves that our endeavours, though they did not alto- 
 gether effect what we wished, will yet turn to good 
 
 12 roerfcen tie $crren . 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 ferttgten rott . . . ab. 
 2 
 
account, particularly as not half the usual quantity has 
 been shipped to Portugal this year: all the houses of your 
 city, whose constant practice it is to buy large quantities 
 of flax, have this season 3 scarcely received a ship-pound; 
 others have bought at a price far exceeding ours. 4 These 
 circumstances would induce us to venture on a shipment of 
 two hundred ship-pounds for our own account; 5 and we 
 would give the preference to your friends, if you could 
 promise us a quick sale, and immediate remittances from 
 them. We beg your opinion on this head, 6 and are, &c. 
 
 LETTER XXXIX. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 IN reply to your last letter of the ... I have to observe, 
 that it would cause me a serious loss if these last two 
 hundred ship-pounds should have been bought; for, not 
 only would the quantity be superfluous in Memel, but my 
 intended mode of freighting the ship would be frustrated. 1 
 I have before said, that four hundred and forty ship- 
 pounds is the quantity 2 I want from you; and, as the 
 ship's burden is eight hundred Riga ship-pounds, 3 I intend 
 to procure the three hundred and sixty which are neces- 
 
 3 biefeS Satyr, tyeuer. 
 
 4 tie bie unfrtgen nmt aberjlei^en. 
 
 5 btefe UmjMnbe burften un$ tteranlaffen, cine ^enbuncj Don 
 . . . u roagen. 
 
 6 uber btefen 
 
 1 fonbcrn aud) metne beabjicfytt^teSSetfebaS ^tff $u fcefcac 
 ten babutcfy Detettclt. 
 
 2 bag Quantum, 
 
 3 ba ba$ @d&iff 800 rigacr e^iff^funb ft alt) trdflt. 
 
48 
 
 tary to complete her In our market: 4 indeed, I hare 
 already taken measures for this purpose. 
 
 I am happy 5 to find that you are willing to venture 
 two hundred ship -pounds for your own account. I will 
 endeavour to arrange matters so here, that my ship shall 
 carry yours also. 1 am inclined to think, that, in con- 
 sequence of the present high prices, a good sale is to be 
 expected; and particularly for the reason you yourselves 
 assign, namely that only an inconsiderable quantity has 
 been exported to Portugal this year, and the quality you 
 are now purchasing -is always in demand 7 there. Every 
 circumstance favours your intention, and I think you will 
 find no cause to complain of my friends. 
 
 I am, <fec. 
 
 LETTER XL. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 
 HEREWITH we have the pleasure to advise a purchase 
 for your account of one hundred and forty ship-pounds 
 of flax 9 of different sorts, from thirty-seven to forty-five 
 rabies. Notwithstanding all the exertions of our traveler, 
 it was impossible for him to obtain an abatement 1 of one 
 ruble in the price. For the payment thereof, we have 
 requested, by this night's post, Messrs. H. R. and Co. of 
 Riga, to remit us five thousand six hundred rubles, on 
 
 4 fo beabftcfyttge icfy tie $ur Doflcn Sabung fefytenbeti 360 auf 
 unferm $pla ju ergdnjen. 
 
 5 3d) bin erfceut 
 
 6 au$ bem (3>rimbe, redden' tc fclbft anfiityren. 
 
49 
 
 receipt of which, 1 your account shall be credited for the 
 same. The messenger despatched after our traveler has 
 not yet returned; we hope he may have attained the 
 object of his journey. 3 Our next shall bring you certain 
 information on this head. 4 
 
 We are, '&c. 
 
 LETTER XLI. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 f ROM your last of the . . . , I perceive that you have 
 purchased one hundred and forty ship -pounds more of 
 flax, at thirty -seven to forty -five rubles. The bargain 
 I must confirm, 1 being convinced that it could not be 
 had more reasonable; 2 but whether our Portuguese friends 
 will also be content, I really doubt very much. The re- 
 maining two hundred and fifty ship - pounds will, I hope, 
 not be purchased. Should it, however, unfortunately be 
 the case, I must request you to re-sell them on the spot,* 
 as I have procured the necessary quantity in Memel; and, 
 besides, could never agree 4 to ship goods at such a price, 
 to the obvious loss 5 of my friends. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 2 bet Crntpfcmg berfelbetu 
 
 3 ben Breed! fetnet Stotfe. 
 
 4 fyentber. 
 
 1 S$ mug $rcac ben 
 
 2 bag er md)t bttttger $u betmrfen war* 
 
 3 auf ber tefle, fogletrf). 
 
 4 mtdj ntemaiS ba$it tterfleljen fonnte. 
 
 5 mm offenbaren 
 
50 
 LETTER XLII. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 
 VN the 3d instant, we had the honour of addressing 
 you, and herewith confirm the contents of that letter. 
 Shortly after our last post was despatched, 1 and when it 
 was too late to forward second advices, 2 our messenger 
 returned with the intelligence that our traveler had not 
 received his counter-orders 3 in time to prevent his making 
 a purchase of one hundred and fifty ship -pounds, at 
 thirty- eight to fifty rubles. We are sorry that it should 
 have happened so contrary to your wishes, 4 but found 
 ourselves obliged to confirm the agreement, 5 and congra- 
 tulate ourselves on his not having purchased to the ex- 
 tent of the order,^ which we had every reason to expect 
 would be the case* We shall write to Messrs. H. R. and 
 Co. of Riga, for six thousand rubles, in addition to 7 our 
 former demands, for which you shall have credit when 
 received. 8 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 nacf) Slfcgang unfrcr lefcten 
 
 2 eine jttmte *fta$nd)t 311 beforbern. 
 
 3 eflen)rt>e*. 
 
 4 Sir fcetauetm fet, tag ftd) ttep ^egen 3$re 25unfd&e er 
 eifjnef tyat. 
 
 5 ben Contract ju befldttgen, 
 
 6 tag er feine infdufe na$ tern ganjcn Umfange tcr Orter 
 ma^te. 
 
 7 aufet, 
 8 
 
51 
 
 LETTER XLHI. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 I PERCEIVE, with concern, from your letter of the '..., 
 that you have been obliged to consent to the bargain of 
 your traveler, for one hundred and fifty ship -pounds of 
 flax for my account. 
 
 In this case, I have only to repeat my request, that 
 you would endeavour to re-sell this parcel, and, if possible, 
 without loss. I am not certain whether Messrs. H. R. and ' 
 Co. will pay the six thousand rubles at your demand. 1 
 They will, I dare say, grant them under your special 
 guarantee. 2 I shall, however, write to these gentlemen 
 on the subject; and, if you can negociate 3 drafts on me, 
 I will with pleasure honour your signature. At foot, you 
 will find the prices of all the British colonial produce, 
 which seems worthy your attention. I shall feel great 
 pleasure 4 in 1 a closer connexion with so respectable a 
 house as yours, being truly, &c. 
 
 LETTER XLIV. 
 
 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 
 LAST post, w r e had the honour to advise the purchase 
 of one hundred and fifty ship -pounds of flax for your 
 account; and learn since, by your, favour of the . . . , 
 
 1 cwf Sfyr 
 
 2 SSie id) *ermutf)en barf roerben jte e$ jebod) unter 
 fcefonbent (Bcwdfcrleijhmg t&un. 
 
 3 anbrtngen. 
 
 4 (S ttirb mir Qrofjefl SSergnuQen 
 
 4* 
 
la 
 
 that your ship may be expected here about the end of next 
 month, and intends taking on board the flax we purchased, 1 
 and is to complete 2 her cargo at Memel. 
 
 In consequence of this information, we have written 
 to Riga, annulling 3 our request for a remittance of six 
 thousand rubles as the re -sale of the one hundred and 
 fifty ship- pounds will put us in sufficient cash for our 
 advances. 4 Of the four hundred and forty ship -pounds, 
 there is only a small quantity unbought. As soon as the 
 parcel is complete, we shall give the necessary advice. 
 
 The articles we quote at foot, (which are, in fact, 
 necessaries of life, 5 ) bring rather higher prices than 
 usual; but so much out of proportion with yours, 6 that 
 having your ship supplied here will make a considerable 
 difference in your favour; and, waiting your kind reply 
 on this head. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER XLV. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 I PERCEIVE, with pleasure, from your letter of the . . . , 
 die steps 1 you have taken relative to my one hundred 
 
 1 urn ben gtad)6 ... an 33orb ju netymen, 
 
 2 etv3dnjen. 
 
 3 annufttten. 
 
 4 ba ber SBteber = S3erfauf ber 150 $iff*J>funb wafm 
 $orfd)uffe betfen ttrirb. 
 
 5 BebenS-aSeburfmffe. 
 
 6 jet>o$ fo fe$r auger SSerJdltnifl mit 3$ren 9>rcifcn, 
 
 1 Sftafregetn. 
 
and fifty ship -pounds of flax, and congratulate myself 
 that this affair is again brought into proper order. 
 
 As you observe that provisions 2 are cheaper in your 
 market than here, I intend to let my ship be provided 
 from thence. She will sail in fourteen days. Beside* 
 the four hundred and forty ship -pounds, I have bought 
 here two hundred more. Should you agree to this, th 
 two hundred you intended for your own account included 
 (upon which I expect your determination with the next 
 mail), the vessel will have 840 ship-pounds. The captain 
 boasts 3 that she ean carry nine hundred and fifty; but, if 
 we furnish 4 her with nine hundred, she will be sufficiently 
 laden. If you can meet with a cheap parcel, of from 
 fifty to sixty ship -pounds 5 you may purchase it; but let 
 me know, to prevent my purchasing here. To provide 
 stores, &c. for my ship,* 1 shall commit the order to 
 your care. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER XL VI. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pemau. 
 
 OlNCE our last of . . . , we received yodrs of the 10th. 
 You mention that flax, similar to 1 that for which we 
 paid thirty-three rubles per ship-pound, had been bought 
 by another house at three rubles under that price. 
 
 2 
 
 3 befyauptet, 
 
 4 t? erf d) en. 
 
 5 SBenn <Ste . . , finben foUtcn. 
 
 6 2>ie S3erprot>ianttrung meine* 
 
 1 ctynltdj bem. 
 
54 
 
 We must, however, assure you, that no such purchase 
 has heen made this season; and, did we know the house 
 which is said to have effected it, we would undertake 
 to prove that they had suffered a loss to raise their credit. 3 
 We would always serve our friends in the most advan- 
 tageous manner, and it is our custom to do so by every 
 means in our power, hut it is not our principle to lose 
 money for the honour of doing business; 3 and we are 
 happy to find you candid enough to approve our exertions. 4 
 
 We have, at length, completed your order for four 
 hundred and forty ship-pounds, and separated them into 
 four parcels, 5 in the quantities noted at foot, and marked 
 No. 1, GL. No, 2, C & X. No. 3, AB. and No. 4, BC.; 
 in all, four hundred and forty ship-pounds. 
 
 Should you wish any alteration in the allotment of 
 the bundles, 6 you have only to direct us, and we will 
 attend to it with punctuality. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER XLVII. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 I LEARN, with pleasure, from your letter . . . , that my 
 four hundred and forty ship-pounds of flax are ready for 
 shipping; but, as there is still time 1 to make an alteration 
 
 2 urn fetnen <rebtt $ 
 
 3 bod) ift eS ntcfyt unfer runbfa|, ber (E*f)te mc^en <5>efcdfte 
 ju madjen ,unb (Mb babet ju serlteren. 
 
 4 unfere SSemufyungen an&uerfemten. 
 
 5 $artten, 
 
 6 in ber SSerttyeitang bet ^atfete (ober SSimbel). 
 
 1 abcr ba eS no$ Sett ift, 
 
55 
 
 I would rather have the three last parcels bound thus, 
 viz. that marked AB. must contain fourteen ship -pounds 
 of sort No. 1, twenty - seven ditto of No. 2, twenty-nine 
 ditto of No. 3, and thirty ditto of No. 4; the other two 
 may have the four sorts in the same proportion to- eae& 
 other, 2 hut must not be larger than AB. According to 
 your last, I hope this can be effected without delaying 
 the ship. 3 The other parcels may remain unaltered, but 
 1 wish you to procure the usual certificate of weight, 4 &c. 
 The ship sails in eight days: I wait your determination 
 about shipping for your own account. I have procured 
 a second ship for the Memel expedition, 5 as it would be 
 too long a detention for the other, 6 which should have 
 been already on her voyage to Oporto; but the circum- 
 stances which occasioned the delay were unavoidable. 
 
 1 am, (fee. 
 
 LETTER XL VIII. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 
 JC OUR mails, which have been for some time due, brought 
 us 1 yesterday your two favours of the . . . , and .... 
 We beg, in reply, to assure you, that all attention shall 
 
 2 ... fonnen tie trier Gotten in bemfeiben S$erdltmf jit 
 eincmber entfyalten. 
 
 3 ofyne ba cfyiff aufeutyalten. 
 
 4 2Bage=d)etn. 
 
 5 fur tie llnternetymimg nad) 2ftemel. 
 
 6 ba fonft ba anbere ju lange aufge^alten nwrbe. 
 
 1 SSter feit lancjerer 3dt au5geMtebene 23rtcf= $) often 
 bracfyten un (obcr: Sftit ben trier [SSrtef*] spoften roetc&e 
 feit eimger 3eit auSgebtteben rcaten, erfneltcn nrit). 
 
56 
 
 be paid to the re -packing of your flax,* which will be 
 effected in time to meet the arrival of the ship. 3 We 
 have relinquished 4 our intention of venturing for our own 
 account, notwithstanding your kind recommendation. Of 
 this we request you to take due note, 5 in order that you 
 may provide elsewhere the quantity necessary for the 
 completion of her cargo. 6 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER XLIX. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 JtROM your last letter of th . . . , I perceive that you 
 have relinquished your idea of venturing a parcel of flax 
 for your own account, and I thank you for giving me 
 the information thus early. 1 It is true, 2 I engaged 8 a 
 house here to furnish me with two hundred ship -pounds, 
 which, if you had joined me, 4 would have completed the 
 cargo; but, in consequence of your refusal, I find that 
 a larger quantity than I shall probably be able to procure, 
 is requisite for that purpose. 1 beg you, therefore, to 
 ship immediately the flax you now have, and then (if you 
 
 2 ... bag afle 5tufmerf famfett -gut ttmpadung 
 fe8 oerroenbet werben fofl. 
 
 3 bamtt bet 5ln!unft be$ d)iffe$ 2We bereft tjl. 
 
 4 aufgegeben. 
 
 6 . . . bie notfylge 23emerftmg $u nefymen, 
 6 urn bie jur rgdnjung ber 2abung erforbertt^e jduantttdt 
 anberSrco fcebtngen ju fonnen. 
 
 1 fo jetttg. 
 
 2 Sttjar. 
 
 3 beauftragte* 
 
 4 enn ic mtr beigetrefen dte, 
 
57 
 
 have an opportunity) to provide the complement 5 of the 
 cargo; allowing, however, sufficient room for two hundred 
 ship- pounds to be shipped here. 6 But, should it happen 
 that so much of this article is not in the market., you 
 may fill the remaining space with a parcel of sound two- 
 inch deals; 7 and, in this case, you must pay attention 
 to the price and quality; the former must be as low, and 
 the latter as choice as possible. 8 The amount of this 
 extra purchase, and whatever charges may be incurred 
 by my ship, you will receive from Messrs. H. R. and Co. 
 in Riga, which they will pay without hesitation, 9 as th 
 matter is fully arranged 10 between us. The captain, whose 
 name is J. W., wrote me on the llth. that, if the wind 
 remained favourable, he would put to sea 11 that evening: 
 perhaps he will have reached you ere the present arrives. 
 You will please to address the ship to Messrs. X. Y. Z. 
 at Oporto, and insert all port- charges 12 in the bill of 
 lading. The freight for the deals you will regulate in the 
 same proportion as the flax is charged, and also mention 
 in the bills of lading whatever portr charges they pay.* 8 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 5 bag (rgcm$cn ber Eabung $u beforgen. 
 
 6 jebod) tytnlangUcfjen SHaum . . . ubrtg ju laffen, toelc&e $iet 
 eingenommen (ober gelaben) tterben fatten. 
 
 7 fo mcgen @te ben ubrtgcn Staum mtt etner spartie geftmber, 
 fcttw 3ott bttfer annen*23retei: fatten, 
 
 8 fo aitSerlefen al$ moglic. 
 
 9 unfefytbar. 
 
 10 Dofluj in )rbnung. 
 
 11 unter <Segel ge^en. 
 
 12 ^afen^often. 
 
 13 wa8 fiir ^>afen^o(len bafiir beja^lt rcerben. 
 
58 
 LETTER L. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 I REFER you to my last of-. . . , requesting you to procure 
 the complement 1 of my ship's cargo, either in flax, or a 
 sufficient quantity of two -inch deals. I have since re- 
 ceived, from Messrs. II. .and Co. of this place, a con* 
 ditional offer 2 of freight for my ship. They could not, 
 however, give me their final 3 answer, as the whole quan- 
 tity of flax % which they intend for Oporto, is not yet 
 engaged. 4 They, however, wish that sixty ship -pounds 
 of flax, and seventy ship -pounds of tow 5 (bought by 
 Messrs, G. H. M. and Co. of your place), should be put 
 on board my ship, the former for twelve marcs, and the 
 latter for eight marcs per ship -pounds. 1 beg of yon, 
 therefore, to speak on this subject with your neighbours, 
 who will receive the necessary advice from Messrs. H. 
 and Co. by this mail, aud, if possible, ship the said goods. 
 1 shall be happy if this can be effected, as it would 
 save me considerable trouble, and, perhaps, loss, from 
 buyhig deals. 6 Mean time, it is necessary you" should 
 know there exists 7 no agreement on either side to put 
 this plan into execution: on my part, particularly, it was 
 impossible, before I had learned the fate of my order 
 
 1 ba$ gefjtenbe. 
 
 2 etn bebingteS Slnerbieten. 
 
 3 erttfd^eibenbe. 
 
 4 bebungen. 
 
 5 Sfficrg. 
 
 6 roeil ify baburcfy triele Untune imb mcttctdjt 23erluft; betm 
 23retertfauf erfpare. 
 
 7 Ctott finbet. 
 
59 
 
 for deals. I am, therefore, in anxious expectation 8 of 
 your answer. I hope "Captain W. has safely arrived at 
 your port. I beg you to give him all the assistance in 
 your power, that his departure may be as much hastened 
 as possible. The enclosed letter, which I beg you to give 
 him is chiefly written with this intention. 
 
 It would give me great pleasure if my cargo should 
 be among the first arrivals at Oporto. I entreat yoar 
 exertions towards the accomplishment of so desirable an 
 end, 9 and remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER LI. 
 
 To Captain J. W. of the Ferdinand , lying in the pori 
 of Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 IHE present letter you will receive from the hands of 
 Messrs __ , of Pernau, to whom I send it, in the hope 
 of your having already reached that port in safety, of 
 which I expect you will give me the earliest advice. I 
 have to request yoii will implicitly 1 follow the instructions* 
 of these gentlemen in every thing which may relate to 
 your ship, provisions, or cargo; supplying yourself from 
 them with money to a moderate extent, and for which 
 you will afterwards account to me. Your accustomed 
 diligence 3 and well - known punctuality will, I trust, 
 
 8 in fefynttc&er (frroartung (ober: eru>arte mit Ungebulb). 
 
 9 fur bte 5lufcfuf)rung etner fo nrimfcfyenSwertfyen 5lbpd)t. 
 
 1 unbetungt. 
 
 2 SSorf^rtften (5lnortmungen). 
 
 3 Styre gerootynte Grmfigfeit (oter : tie Sfynen etgene 
 
60 
 
 hasten 4 your departure from Pernau, and cause yon to 
 be among the earliest arrivals at Oporto. 5 
 
 LETTER LII. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 
 iSlKCE our last of the 17th ult. which we confirm, we are 
 favoured with your esteemed lines of the 3d and 19th 
 idem. 1 Fn reply we have only to observe, that it would 
 be impossible to procure the small quantity of sixty or 
 seventy ship-pounds. If the ship the Ferdinand will carry 
 eight hundred ship-pounds, you will require one hundred 
 and sixty more than we have bought; and, therefore, we 
 would advise you to procure this, quantity at once, by 
 which means 2 you will get it not only cheaper, but perhaps 
 of a superior 3 quality. We wait your directions to this effect. 4 
 Our road 5 is at present so full of loose, floating ice,* 
 that no ship durst venture among us. 7 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER LIIL 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pemau. 
 
 LAST post, we had the pleasure of addressing you, and 
 
 4 befcfyleunigen. 
 
 5 unb @ie sermogen, mit ben erften @d)tffen (ober erne* bet 
 <tften) in )porto ju fein. 
 
 1 beffelben. 
 
 2 rooburcfy. 
 
 3 t>orjultrf)erer 
 
 4 tyieritber. 
 
 5 Sftyebe. 
 
 6 t:etb=@tS. 
 
 7 bag fic$ fetn $iff ju un fcagen barf* 
 
61 
 
 Lave now before us your esteemed letter of the Is 
 instant. 
 
 We have taken due note 1 of your directions, and 
 shall strictly adhere 2 to them, in regard to the alterations 
 you propose in the shipment of your goods. We think 
 ft unnecessary to reply to that part of our letter, coi> 
 cerning the prices 3 you have received from other quarters, 4 
 further than to repeat our assertion, that it is absolutely 
 necessary for the merchant to make great sacrifices 5 for 
 the credit of such a purchase. 6 
 
 We are, <&c. 
 
 P. S.* The ice in our road has considerably de- 
 creased, 7 and we expect the ships to come in with the 
 first favourable wind. 
 
 LETTER LIV. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 
 W E have now before us your esteemed letter of tike 3d 
 inst. transmitted by Captain J. W. who, we are happy to 
 say, 1 arrived safely two days ago. After the present 
 holidays 2 we shall speak with the captain, and im- 
 mediately begin loading the flax. 
 
 SRottj. 
 
 2 gencw befolgen. 
 
 3 ... bet: tie g>reife fcetrifft. 
 
 4 egenben, 
 
 6 Slufopferungen. 
 
 6 ber ben SKufjm etneS foldjen .ftaufeS edjalten iwfl. 
 
 7 tterminbert. 
 
 1 ... ber ju unferm 
 
 2 getettage. 
 
 * In correspondence Postscripts ought to be as muck 
 as possible avoided. 
 
62 
 
 Messrs. Brandt and Co. of this place, have agreed 
 with us to employ a portion of the vacant space, 3 and we 
 shall attend to your advice 4 in filling up the remainder. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 P. S. One of the enclosures is for your good self,* 
 from Captain W. ; the other we beg you to transmit to 
 its destination 6 by the iirst secure conveyance. 7 
 
 LETTER LV. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 
 IN our last, we had the pleasure, to advise the arrival 
 of Captain W. with your ship the Ferdinand; and have 
 to observe, in reply to your favour of the 27th ult. that 
 the necessary steps 1 shall be taken for supplying Captain 
 W. with a full cargo , you having given us every facility 
 in the choice of the articles. We have finished the de- 
 livery 2 of four hundred and forty ship - pounds of flax to 
 Captain W. and shall next proceed 3 with the parcel of 
 Brandt and Co, observing to keep yours distinct. 4 We 
 attend in all respects 5 to the fulfilment of your command*, 
 as the surest means of securing your valuable connexion. 
 We have the honour to be, <fcc. 
 
 3 einen Zfyeil beS unbefc|ten 9laume$ &u fcenugen. 
 4 
 
 5 fur 
 
 6 fewer 33eftimmung gemafi, 
 
 7 fidjere elegenfyett. 
 
 1 tie 
 2 
 
 3 fottfafyren, fortfdjreitetu 
 
 4 abgcfonbert gu fatten. 
 
 5 in jeber 
 
LETTER LVI. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Pernau. 
 
 E our respects of last post, we have received your 
 esteemed letter of the 22d inst. In reply to it, we beg to 
 observe, that we have already contracted, with Messrs. 
 Brandt and Co. of this place, for that part of stowage 1 
 of your ship which will be unoccupied by your flax, 2 and 
 these gentlemen have agreed to fill it up with flax heads 3 
 being willing to pay us twelve marcs banco per ship-pound 
 freight. We have advised Messrs. Martens and Co. of 
 this,' and received for answer, that the contract was per- 
 fectly satisfactory, 4 and they entertained 5 no doubt of 
 your being equally pleased. Herewith, we have the 
 pleasure of handing you five bills of lading and invoices 
 of the separate parcels, 6 into which your four hundred 
 and forty ship -pounds of flax are divided, and laden for 
 your account, on board the ship the Ferdinand, Captain 
 W., bound to Oporto. The amount is, together, twenty 
 thousand nine hundred and twenty three rubles and three 
 copecs , which we beg you to examine , and if found 
 correct, to pass in conformity. 7 We shall now hasten the 
 departure of Captain W. ? for which we shall use every 
 exertion, and hope nothing will occur to delay him. 
 We remain with respect, &c. 
 
 1 ben Zfyil be$ SftcwmeS. 
 
 2 ben Styr glacis m$t etnntmmt (ober: welder t>urc& S&rcn 
 glacis nid)t auSgefullt unrb). 
 
 3 glad&^opfe (tauten). 
 
 4 ttotticj genefym. 
 
 5 tyegten. 
 
 6 ber befonbern $artieru 
 
 7 unb na$ ^ec&tfwben glcidjfonmg &u bucfyen bitten. 
 
64 
 
 LETTER LVII. 
 
 To Pernau. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 I AM in possession of five of your esteemed letters, name- 
 ly of the 1st, 4th, llth, 23d, and 25th tilt.; and as I 
 bave the pleasure to observe that you have taken every 
 precaution for my interests, I think it unnecessary to re- 
 peat my injunctions. 1 Your last covers five invoices of 
 flax, in all four hundred and forty ship-pounds; and the 
 amount, twenty thousand nine hundred and twenty-three 
 rubles and three copecs, shall he examined; and, if cor- 
 rect, your account shall be credited 2 for the same. I 
 wish merely to repeat, how earnestly I desire that my 
 fthip should be among the first arrivals 3 at Oporto. I am 
 convinced you will not overlook any opportunity of ac- 
 complishing this, 4 and hope soon to hear that she has 
 passed the Sound. Coffee is higher within these few 
 days, 5 and good ordinary cannot be bought under twelve 
 shillings banco per pound. Refined sugars are also mor 
 sought after, 6 though not 7 actually higher in price. I 
 recommend myself to your friendship, and remain, &. 
 
 1 23orfd)dften. 
 
 2 gutgefcfyrieben. 
 
 3 unter ben (tften ber lanbenben. 
 
 4 unb tyalte mid) ubeqeugt, <ste roerben f cine elegen^dt tc* 
 fibergefyen laffen, urn biefj u bettrirfen, 
 
 5 fctt etnigen Sagen, 
 
 6 gefucfyter. 
 
 7 menn audj nicfct. 
 
65 
 LETTER LVffl. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Per/law. 
 
 DEPRIVED of your favours, 1 we beg leave to confirm our 
 last respects of the 25th ult. with which we had the ho- 
 nour to hand you five bills of lading, and invoices of four 
 hundred and forty ship^pounds of flax, per the Ferdinand, 
 Captain W., to Oporto, for your account, and requested 
 you to credit us for the amount, in 2 twenty thousand 
 nine hundred and twenty-three rubles and three copecs. 
 Confirming this, we now hand you an account of seven 
 hundred and thirty rubles paid to Captain W. on his re- 
 ceipt, which is enclosed. 3 We request you will pass 
 this sum to our credit. An abstract 4 of your account 
 current also accompanies the present, in which we debit 
 you for four thousand five hundred and sixty-seven ru- 
 bles, of which we beg you to take due note. 
 
 This amount we balance 5 according to your permis- 
 sion, by drawing on Messrs. J. H. R. ,and Co. of Riga, 
 for said sum. 
 
 As Messrs. Brandt and Co. did not require the whole 
 of the spare tonnage 8 in your ship, we have agreed for 
 the remainder with Mr. D. II. N. on the same terms of 
 freight 7 which Messrs. Brandt and Co. paid. Captain W. 
 sailed yesterday morning with a fair wind. He was the 
 
 geetyrten Sufcfynften entbefjtenb, S&ver 9. 3, beraubt, 
 
 2 mit. 
 
 3 gegen feinc beifolgenbe lutttung. 
 
 4 2iu6$ug. 
 
 5 biefen SSetrag falbtren rotr. 
 
 6 ben ubrtgen SRaum. 
 
 7 racJ)t:ofytt, grad)t=23ebtngungen. 
 
66 
 
 . 
 
 first out of our harbour for Portugal, and we sincerely 
 wish he may be equally fortunate in his arrival. 
 
 We remain, respectfully, &c. 
 
 LETTER LIX. 
 
 To Messrs. F. and F. Naples. 
 
 London. 
 
 1 HAVE received, in due course, 1 your esteemed circular 
 of the 6th ult. informing me of your new establishment 
 at Naples, on a similar footing with your well known and 
 respectable house at Ancona. 
 
 In order to balance my account current, I give you 
 permission to draw on me, for amount of the same, at 
 thirty days* sight. I shall, in a short time, make you 
 a consignment of some goods which I intend for your 
 market, and hope you will exert yourselves in the sale 
 of them, in order to encourage me to further speculations, 
 the repetition of which will depend on your exertions.* 
 I remain, respectfully, Gentlemen, &c. 
 
 LETTER LX. 
 
 To Messrs. B. L. and Co. London. 
 
 Oporto. 
 
 WE reply to your esteemed favour of the 16th instant, 
 and have purchased and shipped the thirty pipes of wine, 
 conformably 1 to your kind order. They will be shipped 
 by the Mercury, Captain Warburton, a vessel well known 
 
 1 fetncr 3ett, 
 
 2 bercn SBiebertyolung oon Sfytem <ifet abfycingen nntb. 
 
 1 gemdfj. 
 
e* 
 
 in the trade, 8 and can therefore be insured at a very 
 low price. Enclosed are the bills of lading and invoices 
 of this shipment, according to which you will please to 
 credit us with two thousand one hundred and seventy 
 milreas, 3 which at the present exchange of sixty- four 
 pence sterling per milrea, are equal to . . . , which 
 please to examine, and if found correct, pass in con- 
 formity. 4 Against the above sum, we have this day 
 taken the liberty of drawing on you, at sixty-five days' 
 sight, 5 and to the order of Messrs, L. and L. of Liver- 
 pool, the sum of 578.. 13.. 4, which we recommend 
 to your protection, and for which . your account is 
 credited. We have not yet executed your order for 
 white wine, this article being here very scarce, and 
 consequently extremely high; we therefore judged it 
 prudent 7 to defer the purchase: we would recommend 
 you to transfer this order to Marseilles, where, from 
 every account, we have received, wine is in great abun- 
 dance. 
 
 We hope you will not accuse us of neglect, in omit- 
 ting the purchase; 8 as, by so doing, 9 we have saved you 
 from 10 considerable loss. 
 
 2 ba <$iff ip al8 gut befannt, 
 
 3 SWiftee*, i. e. 1000 3lee$, (portttflteflfl&e Sttunje t>on 1 
 14 r. 11 |>f. Spreufu (Sour.). 
 
 4 eU$e..., gletcfc ... jtnb, waS ttrir 
 gletd&tautenb ju burfjen bitten, 
 
 5 @t$t. 
 
 6 rar, 
 
 7 teStyalb fyielten wit e8 fur rat^fam. 
 
 8 tte^en SfttcfytauSfufytumj. 
 
 9 batwtcfy (intern roir biefe t^afen). 
 
 10 bercatyrten (ober jid^erten) wir @t ttor . 
 
68 
 
 We have written into the interior, to make the ne- 
 ceesary inquiries after sumach, 11 and our next will inform 
 you of the answer we receive. We are fearful the pre- 
 sent high price will not suit 12 your market. 
 
 We fcave not received letters from England for some 
 time, owing to the severe south-westerly winds, which 
 feave prevailed of late; we hope, however, soon to he 
 favoured with your advices, as the weather has become 
 more moderate, and we daily look for 13 the arrival of 
 the mails. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXL 
 
 To Messrs. D, P. and Co. Hamburgh* 
 
 Lisbon. 
 
 SINCE our last of the 6th inst. we have received your 
 esteemed letter of the 18th tilt,, and observe with 
 pleasure, that the Charlotte sailed on the 16th of last 
 month, and we look for her arrival with the next con- 
 voy. 1 We received, with your last, the bill of lading 
 of the twelve bales of muslin, of which your preceding 
 letter brought us the invoice, which we shall take an 
 opportunity of examining, and, if right, 3 shall credit 
 you for twenty-five thousand marcs banco, which, at 
 
 11 ^umac!) (<5umaF, vulg. <$macf, ober <Smacf). 
 
 12 paffen, bienen, 
 
 IS fefyen entgetjen, erroavten. 
 
 1 Oelette, @elett-@ciff f 
 2 
 
the exchange of forty-three groats* banco per crttiade* 
 of four hundred reas, 5 are equal to , . milreas. En* 
 closed if an order for eighteen bales of muslin to b 
 shipped in the ensuing autumn, 6 but to be purchased 
 on receipt of this letter, as we expect the article wSIS 
 rUe before that time: should this hint be of service to 
 you, we shall be glad. We wish ten of the bales to be 
 marked with the initials 7 of our firm, and numbered in 
 succession; 8 four others must be marked CD, and num- 
 bered 1 to 4; and the remaining four with E. Y. and Go. 
 and numbered 5 to 8, observing the different articles 
 which our enclosed list specifies, as they are to be packed 
 in the several parcels. 
 
 We recommend to you the greatest care in the exe- 
 cution of this order, with respect to the quality of the 
 article, and the price you pay: one of the items 9 you 
 must particularly attend to is, that none of the pieces 
 be damaged, and that the bales be so packed as to 
 guard against any chance of injury, which, we are sorry 
 to say, 10 has not been the case with many of your late 
 shipments to us, whereby we have suffered considerable 
 loss from the deductions the buyers demanded, and which 
 we were forced to allow. 
 
 3 (Sfroten, (Ijamburger SSanco^roten. 5 <Stit<i 1 r. 11 5f, 
 $>r. <our). 
 
 4 Grufabp, (portugteftf^e SKun^e, alte, ju 400 SHeefl, 15 r. 
 6y3>f.' neue, ju 4803tee$, 18 @r. 8ff.) 
 
 5 Stee, 2y 4 $>f. 
 
 6 funfttgen 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 _ 
 10 letter, gu unferem Eeibwefen, 
 
70 
 
 Since our last, no vessel has been put up for your 
 port. 11 Cotton has remained at a very high price on 
 account of the non-arrival of our yearly supply 12 from 
 the Brazils; in consequence, we are totally unable to 
 execute your kind order for one hundred and fifty bales: 
 after the arrival of the fleet, which is daily expected, we 
 shall then ship the above quantity on board some good 
 vessel direct for your port, giving you the necessary par- 
 ticulars, in order to provide insurance With respect to 
 the other inquiries contained in your letter, we beg your 
 reference to our last, 13 in which your questions have been 
 anticipated by our commercial advice. 14 
 
 We have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXIL 
 
 To Messrs. W. H. and Co. Lisbon. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 WE have received, in due course, 1 your esteemed let- 
 ter of the . . , and duly note its contents. We shall 
 take the necessary steps to execute your order for the 
 immediate purchase of eighteen bales of muslin, and 
 endeavour to effect it to your satisfaction, to secure 
 which has ever been our study. It is impossible to guard 
 the goods against damage, arising from wet or other 
 causes 2 on board; and though you allege 3 the fault to 
 
 11 ip fein cfytff na<$ Sfyrem ^afen tterlaben roorben. 
 
 12 tt>egen be SlujiienbleibenS ber jafyrltdjen 3ufufyr. 
 
 13 begie^en ttnr un auf unfer 2ete$. 
 
 14 ttorin nnr , . , $ut>orge?ommen finb. 
 
 1 feiner 3eit. 
 
 2 bie iitet t>or SSef^abigungen, bte Don SRdffe, :c entftetyen 
 ju beroatyrem 
 
 3 
 
71 
 
 rest with the shippers, 4 your own assertion proves the 
 contrary, as many bales, which we at sundry times 
 shipped to you, for our own account, have been found 
 injured, which we (as shippers) could have no interest in 
 causing. The average 6 of our losses we have always 
 recovered from the underwriters, which evidently proves 
 their liability. 6 We will, however, say no more on this 
 subject, and hope we shall not have occasion to renew 
 it. Your draft of five hundred and seventy-eight pounds 
 thirteen shillings and four pence will meet due honour to 
 your debit. We observe that you have delayed the 
 purchase of white wine, in consequence of the high price 
 and scarcity 7 of this article. We thank you for this 
 attention to our interests, and also for recommending us 
 to try the Marseilles market, which, however, we cannot 
 think of doing, 8 as the high freight and rate of insurance 9 
 from thence would overbalance the profit expected. We 
 therefore request you to cancel our order entirely, 10 and 
 we shall endeavour to replace 11 it by some more advan- 
 tageous* article. 
 
 We are, very truly, &c. 
 
 4 bafi ber getter an ben SSerlabern (5lbfenbern) lage. 
 
 5 $aferet, 
 
 6 roaS beren SScrbfnbtic^fett augenfcfycmltd) 
 
 7 @eltenfyett. 
 
 8 rooran nnr jebocfy nicfyt benfen fonnen, 
 
 9 ber S3etrag ber SlfTecutanj. 
 
 10 gdnltrf) ju annuttiren. 
 
 11 erfefcen. 
 
72 
 LETTER LX1II. 
 
 Messrs. C. and Co. London. 
 
 Smyrna. 
 
 MY last respects of ... covered invoices and bills of 
 lading of goods shipped for your account, viz. one hun- 
 dred and eighty bales of cotton, one hundred boxes of 
 figs, 1 eight boxes of alum, 2 and two of rhubarb, 3 per 
 the Kingston, Captain May, for London, which port L 
 hope she has already reached. I am since honoured 
 by your esteemed letters of the 10th ult., whereby you 
 accept these articles for your account; but am orry to 
 observe that you propose an alteration in the terms, 4 
 and wish me to allow of twelve months' credit, instead 
 of six, though the prices remain the same. On this 
 subject f request you will observe, that, in transacting 
 business for my friends, I have only two prices; one 
 where I allow them twelve months to pay a higher price, 
 and the other on six months' credit, which latter 1 
 think more advantageous to them, as I cannot lay on 
 less than ten per cent for my other half year's advance. 4 
 Cotton I have seldom sold, and never but to old cor- 
 respondents, on the long term; 6 and have, during the 
 last year, entirely desisted from that practice. 7 I there- 
 fore expect you will not require me to deviate 8 from 
 
 1 
 
 2 Sllaun. 
 
 3 Styabarber. 
 
 4 23ebtngungett. 
 
 5 ba id) nicfyt wemget ate 1095roc. fur metnc anberc 
 jatyrtge SluSlage recfynen farm, 
 
 6 auf eine fo lange Sett. 
 
 7 bin id) gan^tcfy tton btefcm dkbraucfy abgefommen. 
 
 8 abgeljett, 
 
73 
 
 my general custom in this particular, to which I would 
 prefer your selling the goods for my own account. 
 
 You will therefore please to credit me for the amount 
 of my invoice of which I enclose you a copy; and if 
 In the space of six or eight months you remit me the 
 amount ? I will allow you interest, at half per cent per 
 month, for your advances. I am sorry our friend at 
 Constantinople does not succeed better in the sale of 
 your cloths. 9 It also gives me concern, that you should 
 think him to blame, and me for recommending him, 10 
 although I am well convinced of his diligence by repeated 
 proofs, and no one can be answerable for the difference 
 in the market. I shall, however, not delay writing to 
 him, and recommending your interest to his care. 
 
 I am, with respect, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXIV. 
 
 Messrs. C. and Co. London. 
 
 Smyrna. 
 
 OINCE my last of the 20th ult. which I confirm, I have 
 received your two esteemed favours of the 12th and 18th 
 November: by the former I learn you are satisfied with 
 the goods I shipped for you; the latter informs me that 
 you have not as yet 1 received the invoice, on account 
 of the irregularity of the mails; and as I have not the 
 least doubt that my letter will arrive soon after the date 
 of your last, I think it unnecessary to re* state 2 any 
 
 9 
 
 10 tag @ic il;m be$att> tnetletd&t tie $ulb geben molten unb 
 nut, inbcm id:) ityn empfafjl. 
 
 1 nod) mdjt. 
 
 2 nriebet^olen, 
 
of the particulars.* I am happy to find Captain May 
 arrived in good time. 
 
 Your remittance *of five hundred pounds is, I am 
 sorry to inform you, not accepted: enclosed you will 
 find the protest; the original bill I retain, to present it 
 when due. 4 I am sorry you should make me a remit- 
 tance of such dubious paper; 5 and have, in consequence, 
 to make a particular request, that you take none but 
 the very firsl>rate bills 6 in future. There is now a vessel 
 loading for. your port, which will sail about the end of 
 next month, when I shall endeavour to ship by her, 
 agreeably to your order, eight boxes of gum arable, 7 
 six ditto of manna, five ditto of senna, and two bales 
 of goats' hair, 6 which will complete all your orders now 
 in my hands. 
 
 1 remain, sincerely, Gentlemen, 
 
 Yours, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXV. 
 
 Messrs. C. and Co. London. 
 
 Smyrna. 
 
 Y 
 
 I OUR esteemed letters of the 6th and 24th ult. are now 
 before me, and I observe with pleasure the receipt of 
 the bills of lading and invoices of Captain May's cargo. 
 I also perceive that you have credited me for the amount 
 of my invoice, a circumstance which very much relieves 
 
 3 ber befonfcern Umflcinbe. 
 
 4 &ur S3erfatl=3eit. 
 
 5 t)on fo unftcfyerem papier, 
 
 6 335e($fel Don ten beften ciufern. 
 
 7 ummt arabicum. 
 8 
 
75 
 
 my mind, 1 as it would otherwise cause me only trouble, 
 to arguing a point 2 which I could never relinquish. Our 
 trade i, at present, very inanimate; 3 but, as the ship* 
 ping season approaches, we hope to see it acquire more 
 life.* I have made a purchase of some of the articles you 
 ordered, and if I succeed in getting the remainder you 
 shall receive the whole by the ship I mentioned. Of this 
 arrangement I hope you will approve. Enclosed is a 
 price -current for your inspection, 5 to which I beg your 
 kind attention, and remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXVI. 
 
 Messrs. G. and L. Ancona. 
 
 Toulon, 
 
 WE have been honoured with your esteemed letter of 
 the 3d ultimo, and as the unpleasant affair of Captain 
 L.'s average is now adjusted, 1 we forbear to enlarge on 
 that head. 2 Since our last, wheat has remained extremely 
 dull, 3 and we have fresh arrivals 4 every day. We can 
 now advise you of the sale of twenty casks of your 
 tallow, at a price which far exceeded our expectations. 
 We have still thirteen remaining, and the offers we have 
 had for them do not come near 5 what we could accept: 
 
 1 etn Umffcanb ber mid) fetyr betufyicjt. 
 
 2 uber einen )unt $u jfteiten/ 
 
 3 fel;r ftitt. 
 
 4 ifyn bait) nrieber belebt ju fe^en. 
 
 5 ju S^rer nfi$t. 
 
 1 nun in >rtmung gebracfyt tjt. 
 
 2 untertaffen tt)ir, uber biefen Spunft ttwtlaupger u fetn. 
 
 3 aitfkrorbentltd) flau. 
 
 4 3ufutyren. 
 
 5 ftefyen in fcinem 
 
76 
 
 we shall redouble 6 our exertions, in order to diminish 
 your loss as much as lies In our power. Your fire-arms* 
 should have been already shipped, but the owners of 
 English vessels here demand more freight than we thought 
 it reasonable to pay. We hope, in a short time, to 
 bring them a little more within bounds; 8 but as your 
 order is positive, we shall not delay the shipment much 
 longer, finding it must be done. The house of James 
 Brothers here shipped lately a very large quantity for 
 Naples; and, as they paid a most unreasonable freight,* 
 we suppose the ship-owners are encouraged 10 thereby to 
 raise their demands. 
 
 Enclosed is the bill of lading of the last parcel of 
 goods per the ship Ocean, which we have not been 
 able to procure until this day on the exchange: we 
 hope it is not too late for your purpose. Please to cre- 
 dit us for the amount of invoice. Next post we shall, 
 perhaps, make free to value upon you for part of the 
 amount, under the assurance that our signature 11 will 
 find due honour. We thank you for your information 
 respecting the character of the house we inquired after, 
 and shall make use of the same without your prejudice. 13 
 The character of the two houses at Aix is sufficiently 
 known to us to preclude the necessity 13 of our writing 
 
 6 tterboppeln. 
 
 7 cfyiefjgeroefyre. 
 
 8 in tie @$rcm?en (ber Sftdjncjfeit) ju bringen. 
 
 9 ewe fetyr ijofye (unbiaige) gracfyt. 
 
 10 tteranlaft. 
 
 11 unfere ratten. 
 
 12 ofjne S^ren 3to$t$etl. 
 
 13 urn unS ber SRotyroenMgfeit |u uberljeben, (obcr bag ttrit 
 ntcfct nottytg tyaben). 
 
77 
 
 for it. We consider them as very good and safe people, 
 and in all their transactions with us, during these last 
 ten years, we have ever found them regular and honour- 
 able. This is our private opinion, 14 which we impart 15 to 
 you in confidence, hoping you will be cautious in making 
 use of it. 16 
 
 We beg leave to repeat our offers of service in this 
 place, and entreat you to command us to the utmost 
 4< of our power. 17 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 P. S. We have taken the liberty of giving a letter 
 of introduction to your house to a particular friend of 
 ours, who departs in a few days. This young gen- 
 tleman bears a high character on our exchange, 18 and 
 we shall be happy if the connexion proves beneficial 
 to you. 
 
 LETTER LXVII. 
 
 Messrs. A. and L. Leghorn. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 IlAVlKG it in contemplation 1 to make, in the ensuing 
 season, a considerable speculation in raisins 2 from Zante, 
 1 take the liberty of requesting your friendly assistance 
 
 14 bieg tft unfere 
 
 15 mitttyetlen. 
 
 16 fyoffenb (t>orauSfeenb), bap ^ie biefelbe ttorfic!)tig gebraitd&en 
 roerben (ebcr bag @ic ben befcfyeibenjlen CSebraucf) bason 
 macfyen rcerben). 
 
 17 unb etfucfyen ic, in jeber SSejiefyimg uber un gu befefylen, 
 
 18 ftefyt auf unferer 236rfe in gutem SKufe. 
 
 1 ba tc$ tie 
 
 2 SRopnen. 
 
78 
 
 in procuring me a vessel fit for my purpose. You wiH, 
 therefore, charter 8 for me a ship of seventy to eighty 
 lasts, from among the many neutral flags which are now 
 seeking freight in your port. Upon a moderate calculation 
 I estimate the cargo at seventy lasts, including every 
 expense of commission, insurance, duties, and port- 
 charges, 4 to stand me in about three thousand ducats. 
 
 Should you effect a charter, 8 I request you to draw 
 instantly upon me, including your own commission in the 
 amount; but, in the contrary event, I beg you to lose 
 no time in advising me, 6 as I shall transfer my orders 
 to Venice (having an excellent opinion of the scheme, 7 ) 
 though it should be attended with high charges. 
 
 As delay 8 might be productive of unpleasant con- 
 sequences 3 I beg an immediate answer, and remain, &c. 
 
 P. S. Pray send me the firm 9 of some good house 
 at Zante. 
 
 3 bebtngen. 
 
 4 3oU=9lbgaben unb .>afcn=Un!ojten. 
 
 5 (charter, ober charter-party, ber (Sertapartte, ber rad)t= 
 Contract ^nufcfyen einem SKfyeber ober Differ unb @cf)iff* 
 SBefrad&ter.) oflten <Sie ben Contract fur bie gracfct a& 
 frf)liefjen. 
 
 6 ben entgegengefefcten gatt abet: jetgen ie mir o^ne Sett* 
 tterlujl: an. 
 
 7 g>lan. 
 
 8 Sluffcfyub, 
 
 9 Slfcrefie, 
 
79 
 LETTER LXVni. 
 
 Mr. B. Hamburgh. 
 
 Leghorn. 
 
 WE have the pleasure to inform you, that your order 
 of ... for chartering a vessel to Zante, is already exe- 
 cuted, and, we trust, in such a way as will insure your 
 satisfaction. 
 
 We have lately had a consignment by a Danish vessel, 
 called the Maria, Captain Omur, an experienced sailor, 
 and one whose honesty is unimpeachable. 1 We have, 
 therefore, concluded with him an agreement, or charter- 
 party, for the sum of three thousand seven hundred 
 marcs banco, payable by yourself on his arrival in your 
 port. This is the lowest rate at which we could procure 
 a good and sea -worthy 2 vessel; and had the captain 
 (who is owner) insisted on more, we should have complied, 
 rather than 3 lose the opportunity. 
 
 We presume you are not ignorant of the necessity 4 
 of knowing intimately a house at Zante, whom you 
 would entrust to such an amount as you require. Your 
 ship ought to be consigned to some respectable and 
 solid house there; 5 and we are sorry to say there are 
 very few who would justify that opinion. It is, indeed, 
 difficult to procure the address of a single house, on 
 account of the jealousy which subsists between out 
 ports. We beg to recommend you to our friends Messrs. 
 
 1 beffen 9Rerf)Uttf)fett unbeftreitbat ift, 
 
 2 feetyaltenb (tauglidj in @ee $u gef;en). 
 
 3 efyct ober Ueber . . . , al$, 
 
 4 bap @ie ttriffen, wit notfyrcenbig e8 ijl. 
 
 5 mug an ein bortigeS anfefynltcfyeS unb jut>erldffige 
 confignirt roerben. 
 
80 
 
 M. and N., who are more respected on our exchange 
 than any other house there. We flatter ourselves that 
 our recommendation will be both acceptable and bene- 
 ficial. 6 
 
 The vessel has suffered a little in her last voyage, 
 and her repairs amount to seven hundred pezzas, 7 which 
 the captain has requested us to pay, under a written 
 obligation to return you the amount in Hamburgh money 
 on his arrival, or, at farthest, on your discharging hia 
 contract. We have, therefore, taken the liberty of 
 valuing this sum on you to-day for his account, or at 
 the exchange of eighty -three groats banco per pezza, 
 equal to marcs banco . . . ; which please to examine, 
 and, if found correct, 8 pass to his debit in conformity. 
 We would advise you to make insurance on the ship 
 as soon as possible, fearful of any accident that might 
 happen to her. 9 
 
 We are, &c. ' 
 
 LETTER LXIX. 
 
 Messrs. A. and L. Leghorn. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 I HAVE received your friendly letter of the . . . , and 
 thank you for its contents. By the present I have to 
 request you to give Captain Omur, of the Maria, hia 
 sailing orders immediately, that he may depart, withoul 
 delay, for the port of Zante. Request the captain to 
 
 6 genefym unb son Stolen, 
 
 7 pezza, italtemfcfye 2Kunje t>on 1 fylr. 8 ($r. $>reuf* dour. 
 
 8 natf) SRecfytfmben. 
 
 9 au gurd;t, bafj bemfelben irgenb etn SufaU guftopen mcdjte. 
 
81 
 
 apply to my friends Messrs. W. M. there, who will give 
 him the necessary instructions 1 how to proceed. I am 
 pleased with your description of the vessel, and do not 
 think the terms too high. Your draft for her expenses, 
 seven hundred pezzas, shall receive due honour, and be 
 placed to the captain's debit. Hoping you will not lose 
 a moment in the despatch 2 of the vessel, 
 
 1 remain, fec. 
 
 LETTER LXX. 
 
 Mr. B. Hamburgh. 
 
 Leghorn. 
 
 WE have received your letter of ... a and delivered 
 the enclosure to Captain Omur, to whose answer we refer 
 you. We have the pleasure, to inform you, that he is 
 ready to sail with the first fair wind; 1 and wishing him, 
 for your interest, a quick voyage, 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXI. 
 
 Messrs. P. and B. St. Ubes. 1 
 
 Altona. 
 
 ON receipt of the present, I beg you to look out for 2 a 
 vessel bound for your port, called the Constantia, which 
 belongs to me, and is commanded by Captain P. M. I 
 hope he will arrive about the time this reaches you. My 
 intention is, that he shall take in a cargo of salt, for 
 
 1 Me notfjigen 2Ser^aUung'$Befe^(c 
 
 2 Slbfetttgung. 
 
 1 gunjftgen SBtnb. 
 
 1 etufcal (afenftabt in "jportugaQ. 
 
 2 pd() ... umjufetyen. 
 
 6 
 
82 
 
 which purpose I have written to him by the last mail to 
 Barcelona, where he has lately discharged 3 a cargo of 
 wheat, informing him that I had consigned the ship to 
 your care; 4 to confirm which is the express object 5 of 
 my writing to you now. Have the goodness to aid me 
 by performing this service; and, having provided 6 him 
 with a cargo of salt, to reimburse yourselves for the 
 amount of its cost, and all charges, commission, &c. 
 upon Messrs. G. and Co. in Lisbon, to whom I have al- 
 ready given the necessary advice. In case Captain M. 
 should be detained upon his voyage, I beg you immediate- 
 ly to engage a suflicient cargo, to guard against the 
 consequences of his arriving too late. 7 The ship will 
 hold about one hundred and twenty lasts of rye; and, 
 by comparing the weight, I calculate that she can carry 
 nearly four hundred tons of salt. In every particular I 
 rely upon your well-known care and activity. The vessel 
 lias one advantage in not being newly built, that very 
 little will be lost by the absorption of her sides; 8 a cir- 
 cumstance which is invariably the case with new wood. 
 
 You may, at pleasure, draw on Lisbon for the amount 
 beforehand, if you do not think yourselves sufficiently 
 secure otherwise. 9 
 
 1 remain, &c. 
 
 3 
 
 4 bag t$ bag <Sd)iff an <8ie abreffirt tydtte. 
 
 5 ber auStrucflidje <$egenftanb, 
 
 6 tterfefjen. 
 
 7 urn bte golgen feiner it fpdten Slnfunft gu 
 
 8 fo bag nur fefyr roetrig burcf) baS Cnnfaugen ber 23orbett 
 befielben tterloren ge^en fann. 
 
 9 wenn ie ficfy anberS m$t ^inldngli^ geft^ert glaubem 
 
LETTER LXXII. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 St. Vbes. 
 
 JLOUR esteemed letter of the . . . has duly reached us 
 and we sincerely congratulate you 1 on its not having ex- 
 perienced any delay, as the demand for r salt has become, 
 this year, so considerable, that we should have been 
 unable to procure a single ton, if we had not availed 
 ourselves of the first opportunity 2 which presented itself. 
 Captain M. is not arrived, and we have not had the 
 smallest intelligence concerning him. We have, however, 
 procured four hundred tons, which we keep in expectation 
 of his arrival. 
 
 We hope you are so far convinced of our opinion of 
 your firm, as that we should not have hesitated to fulfil 
 your commission, though the regular post advice was 
 wanting. 
 
 We should, however, have written to Barcelona, to 
 inquire whether the ship really answered your description, 
 and if you were the owner. While we candidly make 
 use of these expressions, we reflect 3 that we are doing 
 so to a man who is not too self-conceited 4 as to take our 
 precautions amiss. 5 Having no other difficulties to en- 
 counter , you may always rely on the fulfilment of your 
 orders; and you may be fully assured, that the miscar- 
 
 1 unb nnr ttwnfcfyen Sfynen aufricfyttg 
 
 2 roenn nrir md)t bic crftc (Selegenfyeit bemi|t fatten. 
 
 3 errodgen n?tr 
 
 4 oon fid) fel&ji emgenommeru 
 
 5 urn unfre SSorficfytSmafiregein ubel ju ne^men. 
 
 6* 
 
riage 6 of one letter per post should never cause you the 
 smallest uneasiness, when we received a duplicate by any 
 other channel. 7 
 
 P. S. Since writing the above, we learn 8 that Cap- 
 tain M. is safely arrived. It gives us great pleasure to 
 advise you of this, and at the same time to assure you, 
 that no time shall be lost in getting the cargo immediate- 
 ly on board. He has already called upon us with your 
 letter, and informed us that the ship is in good condition, 
 which is a most material object, 9 as she can be got ready 
 for sea in the course of fifteen days. You may, there- 
 fore, give the necessary orders for the payment of the 
 Sound dues, in case you should destine this cargo for 
 the Baltic. 10 We imagine, from Captain M.'s description, 
 that the ship is but ill -calculated 11 for carrying salt; 
 nevertheless we hope she will contain four hundred tons, 
 of which we shall be able to give you final advice 12 in a 
 few days. 
 
 LETTER LXXIII. 
 
 Mr. Van der Vliet. Elsmeur. 1 
 
 Altona, 
 
 Jjy this day's post I have been informed, from St. Ubes, 
 
 6 Shijjenbletben (Smlaufen, 
 
 7 auf etnem antern SBege, 
 
 8 )btge$ gefcfyrieben (ot>ei* intern nnr fciefeS fcfyretben), erfatyren 
 unr. 
 
 9 etn ttefentltcfyer SSort^etl. 
 
 10 )ft=ee (bas balttfdje Sfteer), 
 
 11 nicfyt rool)l taugltrf), 
 
 12 entfcfyetfcenfcen fflertd&t, 
 
85 
 
 under date of the 7th of June, that my ship, the Con- 
 stantia, would probably sail from thence in fifteen days 
 from the above period. She is laden with a cargo of salt; 
 and, in consequence of the accounts I have had from the 
 Baltic, I am resolved to consign her to Pernau. I there* 
 fore trouble you with the enclosed letter to the captain, 
 which directs him to proceed thither. He is addressed to 
 Mr. B. W. there. I leave it at your option 2 to draw 
 upon me for your expenses, including Sound dues and 
 other charges, or to receive the money, as formerly, from 
 the hands of my friend M. S. at Copenhagen. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXIV. 
 
 To J. S. Leipsic. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 IN reply to your favour of the 25th of July, I beg to 
 inform you, that the chest, containing two pieces of cloth, 
 the property of Mr. A. is already arrived, and I am pro- 
 ceeding to expedite 1 it to Rouen by the usual route, 2 in 
 every respect conformably to your orders. With respect 
 to Mr. T.'s charges on the same, I have not yet seen the 
 account, therefore am unable to answer your inquiries as 
 to its correctness. Before it is discharged, I shall strictly 
 examine it, and take care that you are not imposed upon. 
 Your remittance BO. 504, say five hundred and four marcs 
 banco, is accepted, and shall appear to your credit. 
 
 2 3$ uberlaffe e Styrer 
 
 1 beforbern, 
 
 2 auf bem gewofynttcfyen 
 
We have here constantly opportunities 3 to ship goods 
 for Amsterdam and Ostend, but not for Antwerp. I shall 
 inform you when the first offers for that port. 1 wait 
 your final orders for the disposal 4 of the five casks D. 
 No's. 55 to 59. Mr. C. has made inquiries respecting the 
 casks No's. 47, 56, and 57; and, according to the con- 
 tents of your first letter on the subject, I have informed 
 him that they are at his disposal. 5 The cask of hard- 
 ware, 6 No. 74, marked J. has been sent to Messrs. M. 
 and Co. at your desire, and I debit you for the expenses 
 of carriage. 7 The account you shall have by my next, 
 as it has not yet been fully ascertained. 8 
 
 The exchange on Paris cannot be much lower than 
 it is at present. It has sunk gradually; 9 but the smallest 
 change in politics will cause it to rise suddenly. I beg 
 you to credit me for two hundred and fifty marcs curren- 
 cy, at the rate of 23y 2 per cent, making marcs banco . . . , 
 which amount I paid to your friend Mr. X. Please also 
 to book, 10 in my favour, the sum of six hundred marcs 
 banco, for which I accredited him with a house in Frank- 
 fort, whither he took his departure yesterday in good 
 health, begging his respects to you the first time 1 should 
 write. 11 
 
 I remain, &c. 
 
 fyaben tyier beftdnbta elegentyctt (ober e$ bietet ji$ $ier 
 beftdnbig elegenfyeit bar). 
 
 4 Srf) errcarte Styre befttmmten SSefetyte gur SSerfugung. 
 
 5 t>af fie ifym ^u ebote ftefyen, 
 
 6 @tatyl=2$aaten (ober (ifen=2Saaren). 
 
 7 Soften be$ grad^SofynS (guf)r=2otyn6), 
 
 8 in 3Ud)tig!ett gebracfyt, 
 
 9 fhtfenroeife. 
 
 10 ju bucfyen. 
 
 11 unb mir auftrug, @ie beften$ u grttfi en, fobalb idj an 0ie 
 fcfyreiben ttwrbe. 
 
87 
 LETTER LXXV. 
 
 To Mr. A. B. Plymouth. 
 
 London. 
 
 I HAVE been favoured with your address from Messrs. T. 
 B. and Co. of this city, and take the liberty to request 
 you to pay for my account 4 to Mr. J. S. a French 
 prisoner on board the Sandwich in your harbour. He 
 was an officer on board the French ship Achille. Please 
 to mention in the receipt that it is for the value of 100 
 livres 1 tournois, 2 paid by order of Messrs. R. and Co. of 
 Hamburgh. Your draft on me for the amount will be 
 discharged on presentation ; your charges, commission, &c. 
 may be deducted out of the 4 you have to pay him. 
 His receipt be kind enough to send me. I beg many 
 pardons 3 for the trouble, and on a similar or any other 
 occasion, I am much at your service. 4 
 
 I remain respectfully, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXVI. 
 
 To Embden. 
 
 London. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 !SiNCE our last respects of the 1st of April, we have had 
 little alteration in the prices of wheat, and no demand 
 
 1 Hvre, fran^oftfdje ilber^ungc sen 20(golS a!2S)emer$, 
 6 r. 4 f f. ipteug. our. 
 
 2 tournois, 23enennungcn ter cft>=@ummen in Sranfretd^, 
 teren man fid) nur fcarum bebient, bamit man nt$t fur em 
 enncfyt fyalte, roaS eine SDlunje ift, 
 
 3 bttte id) recfyt fefyr urn 23eretfyung. 
 
 4 unb bin ... gem gu Styten SMenften. 
 
88 
 
 whatever for exportation. 1 Oats have been extremely 
 dull these six weeks; yet within these few days they have 
 begun to revive. 2 We are of opinion, lhat an early cargo 
 would turn to advantage, our supply of this grain being 
 trifling. Barley, peas, and beans, 3 have all declined a 
 little. Rye, &c. remain as before. We annex a price- 
 current of the various articles' of seed imported to this 
 market, 4 with a few remarks for those who are interested 
 in the corn-trade. 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXVII. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Embden. 
 
 IHE statement 1 of your markets, as conveyed to us by 
 your letter of the 14th ult. , and for which we return 
 you our best thanks, appears to us so favourable for a 
 speculation, that we have already loaded a vessel with 
 thirty lasts of oats to your address. The ship is named 
 the Freundschaftj Captain Schultz, and will sail in a 
 few days. 2 The bill of lading is not yet signed, but 
 we hope to get it before the departure of the post. You 
 will please to insure this parcel, on receipt of the above 
 document, to the amount of ^ ... . The sale we leave 
 to you; yet think it necessary to observe, that the oats, 
 
 1 unb gar feme 9?ad)frage fur tie 5iu$fu!jr. 
 
 2 lebfyafter geroorben, 
 
 3 erfte, (rbfen unb SSotyneru 
 
 4 ber t?erfd)iebenen fyier eingefufyrten <Samerei=5lrtifeI, 
 
 1 @tanb, Ueberfic^t. 
 
 2 in einigen (ober in biefen) Sagen, 
 
89 
 
 including freight, stand us in ... shillings sterling per 
 quarter. 3 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 P. S. We have, since writing the above, procured 4 
 the bill of lading, which we herewith enclose. 
 
 LETTER LXXVIII. 
 
 To Embden. 
 
 London. 
 
 WE have received your esteemed letter of the llth inst. 
 transmitting us the bill of lading of thirty lasts of oats, 
 per the Freundschaft, Captain Schultz, and tender you 
 our best thanks 1 for this mark of your friendship towards 
 us. We are happy to inform you, that the ship is 
 already arrived, which consequently saves you the in- 
 surance, and leaves you a fair prospect of a greater 
 profit. We are yet ignorant of the state 2 of her cargo, 
 but shall have samples drawn for to-morrow's market, 8 
 where they will be offered, and, we trust, meet with 
 a good sale. Nothing shall be wanting on our part to 
 promote it. 4 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 3 bafi im8 ber $afer nut Snbegttff ber gratfjt auf . . . s. terl, 
 pr. Quarter gn ftefyen fommt, (quarter, ber englifcfye 2ftal= 
 ter, 10<$effel bremer, ober G^effel berliner Sftafi), 
 
 4 @o eben empfangen rctr norf), 
 
 1 imb banfen Stynen oerbinbltcfyft 
 
 2 SKir finb nocfy unbefannt mit bem Buj^anbe. 
 
 3 n?erben abet . , . ^roben batten nefymen laffen* 
 
 4 jDteS su beforbern. 
 
00 
 LETTER LXXIX. 
 
 To Embden. 
 
 London. 
 
 our respects of the 12th instant, we have taken 
 frequent opportunities of minutely examining your oats. 1 
 We are sorry to say, that we have found them in a very 
 damaged condition, 2 and so very hot, 3 as to endanger 
 their safety. 4 Being of opinion that the operations of 
 landing and kiln-drying 5 would only increase the expen- 
 ses, without tending in the same proportion to enhance 
 their value, we thought it most advisable to sell them 
 on board ; and have, therefore, disposed of them at the 
 price of ... shillings per quarter, which is rather lower 
 than we wished, notwithstanding we are convinced that 
 a higher one could not have been obtained by delaying 
 the sale. 8 
 
 We feel great uneasiness that this speculation should 
 turn out so unfortunate. In the course of a few days, 
 we shall have the pleasure of transmitting you the account- 
 sales. 7 At foot is a statement of our market 8 for your 
 inspection. You will observe, that the quoted price of 
 
 1 tyaben nrir Sfcrcn afer metyrmalS genau unterfucfct, 
 
 2 in fefyt befcfydbtgtem 3uftanbe. 
 
 3 ertyt$t. 
 
 4 bag beffen (Srrtyaltung gefdtyrbet tjl. 
 
 5 bie ttntcrne&mung beS 5lu$laben8 unb >arren. 
 
 6 bur* 2luffd)ieben bcS SerfaufS. 
 
 7 (ober account of sales) 2$er?auf=3RecI)nung. 
 
 8 eine 3)rei$2tfte unfereS SftarfteS. 
 
91 
 
 sound oats is nearly as low as what we obtained for 
 yours, though damaged. 
 
 We are, with respect, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXX. 
 
 To Embden. 
 
 London. 
 
 our respects of last post, we beg leave to 
 hand you herewith the account-sales of your oats, per 
 the Freundschaft, Captain Schultz, amounting to . . . , 
 for which you shall be credited in due time. 
 
 Since our last, the purchaser has offered us an ad- 
 vance 1 of one shilling per quarter to take them off hig 
 hands; 3 convinced, as he says, that it will be a losing 
 concern to him. 3 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 London. 
 
 Account-sales of three hundred quarters of oats per the 
 Freundschaft, Captain Schultz, from Embden, for 
 account of . . . , and sold on four months' credit, 4 
 viz.: 
 
 1 cinen 9?u|en, 
 
 2 urn ifym benfelben (nrieber) 
 
 3 bag er bet btefem efcfydft SSerluffc fyaben roerbe. 
 
 4 & 4 SOlonat Sett 
 
02 
 
 300 quarters of oats, at 19s. 6d. 
 Charges to be deducted: 5 
 
 Duty, fees, <fec. 6 , 
 
 Freight, entry, and primage 7 .... 
 Brokerage, 8 Is. per quarter .... 
 Small charges 9 
 
 Commission and del credere, 10 4 per cent. 
 Nett proceeds 11 . . 
 Errors excepted. 12 
 
 5 ab, an ttnfoften. 
 
 6 3ofl, rtnf=<5$ert>er. 
 
 7 gracfyt, (Etngang^ofl, ^rtm=elb. (primage, [hat-money, 
 $app=2af en ober $prtm=elb] eine SSergutung t>om SSefracfyter 
 ober ^ommtffiondr an ben <3d)tffer [(Eapttdn ober au^ ju 
 roeilen an ba @^ip=Solf], gemo^nltc^ gennffe 5)rocente Don 
 ber grac^t, ^uroeilen aucf) ein en>iffe t)on ben gracfyt= 
 
 8 cnfarte 
 
 9 Heine 
 
 10 ^rotJtftonunb del credere. (Del credere [guaranty, 23urg 
 fcfyaft] eine SSere^nung, weld)e ber (Sommifponar [einem 
 (Sommittenten, fur bie, fitr beffcn SHec^nwng an einen Written 
 auf^eit t>er!aufte SBaaren ma^t, inbem er fin: bie3^tung 
 burgt, beSgletdjen bet SSec^fel^infdufen, ba er fur ben 
 Sraffenten I;aftet). 
 
 11 9?etto=@rtag. 
 
 12 ftdufig abgefiirjt E. E.) Srrt^um uorbe^alten. 
 
93 
 LETTER LXXXI. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Embden. 
 
 IVE have to acknowledge the receipt 1 of your esteemed 
 favours o'f the 12th, 20th, and 24th inst,, the latter cover- 
 ing account-sales of our oats, per the Freundschaft. The 
 price at which you have disposed of them is so conside- 
 rably below our expectations, that we do not hesitate to 
 declare our entire refusal of the contract. 2 We, there- 
 fore, return you the account, claiming, at least, the price 
 of ... shillings per quarter. 3 So much damaged as you 
 represent they could not possibly be, from the quick and 
 easy voyage the vessel had; and had they been really 
 so, it was your duty to inform us of it, and to wait 
 , our decision, 4 before selling them. We expect the least 
 allowance you will grant us is five shillings per quarter, 
 and hope your next will favour us with your acquiescence; 5 
 in the interim 6 we remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXXIL 
 
 To Embden, 
 
 London, 
 
 WE are much surprised and concerned that your let* 
 ter of the . . . should contain such severe expressions, 
 hurtful to us, and unavailing to you. 1 We feel con* 
 
 1 SBir befemten ben (gmpfang, 
 
 2 tag n?tr ofyne 23eben?en . . erttdren. 
 
 3 bafi rcir minbepenS auf , * . $nfpru$ 
 
 4 Grntfcfyeibung. 
 
 5 (Sknefymigung, (Eirwnlligung, 
 6 
 
 pnb bur$ bie tyarten $ut>rucfe in twen 3$r S3rief 
 
94 
 
 scious 2 in having acted precisely conformable to your own 
 directions. Your letter of the 1st June expressly says, 
 "we leave the sale to you;" and many persons here, of 
 undoubted veracity, 3 will prove, that landing and kiln- 
 drying would not have produced a melioration 4 sufficient 
 to defray the expenses. No step more conducive to your 
 interest could have been taken; 5 and we trust that, on 
 mature reflection, 6 you will find your judgment premature. 7 
 We, therefore, take the liberty of sending you back the 
 account, trusting that, when you have candidly considered 
 the case, 8 you will not think us to blame. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXXJII. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Embden. 
 
 lOUR letter of the 12th inst. has been duly received. In 
 reply we have only to say, that we strongly adhere to our 
 first resolution; 1 and we cannot accept the account of the 
 sale of oats, per the Freundschaft, without an allowance 2 
 of five shillings per quarter. Our letter of the 1st of 
 
 . . . abgefapt ift, unb bte, obgletcfy fie unS beleibtcjcn, S^ e 
 nen bcdj ntcfyts fyclfcn, ebenfo erftaunt alS eeriest rcorbett, 
 
 2 S&tr finb ubcrgcugt. 
 
 3 unbcjwcifcltcr laubfyafttcjfeit. 
 
 4 SBerbefferung. 
 
 5 && roar unmogltd) cm anbereS fur <Sie DortfyetlfiaftereS S^er-- 
 fafyren etnufc^(agen 
 
 6 bet reifltcfeer lleberlegung. , 
 
 7 Doretltg, uberetlt 
 
 8 rocnn 0te bie @ad^e rctfli<$ erroogen ^abcn. j 
 
 1 bag tr fcffc bet unferm erften ^ntfd^lujye b(eibcn, 
 
95 
 
 June mentions, "We leave the sale to you;" it also 
 adds, 3 "The oats stand us in ... shillings sterling per 
 quarter." By adopting one expression, you sanction the 
 purport of the other. 4 The only one we have now to 
 add, is, that we insist on the above allowance, which it 
 is your interest to comply with, 5 as we are determined 
 not to settle the account without. We wait your acquies- 
 cence, and remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXXIV. 
 
 To Embden. 
 
 London. 
 
 f O your last letter of the 20th, we shall make no fur- 
 ther reply, than that we can call numerous witnesses to 
 prove we have acted by you as fair and honourable men. 1 
 In the light of agents and merchants, we are not respon 
 sible for casual circumstances ; 2 neither will we attempt 
 to impose on the world by obstinately endeavouring to 
 pass bad articles for good, in order to retain the favour 
 of our employers. 3 To avoid any further unpleasant cor- 
 respondence on this business, we propose the settlement 
 of it by arbitration, 4 and are, &c. 
 
 3 fugt abet aucfy fyin$u* 
 
 4 burcfy tie Slnnafyme be etnen $)un!te tterpflicfyten @ie prf) 
 jur 23efolgung be cmbern. 
 
 5 roeSfyalb @ie roofyt tfyun roerben, otyne rceitere Umftdnbe barein 
 ju ttrifltgen. 
 
 1 bap twr fur <Sie al8 recfytltcfye unb efytenrcert^e banner 
 getyanbelt aben. 
 
 2 unglMltcfye Bufatfe, 
 
 3 fcfylecfyte SKaare al$ gute anjupretfen um un bte unjt etneS 
 unferer ommittcnten auf ^cjlen eineS anbern jit fic^ern. 
 
 4 fc^iagen rotr S^nen etncn SSergleufy burd^ @^iebuc^ter t?or. 
 
96 
 LETTER LXXXV. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Embden. 
 
 As we are willing to accept your proposal of settling 
 our dispute by arbitration, we have, to this end 1 sent 
 copies of all the papers relative to the transaction to our 
 friend Mr. H., whom we have empowered 2 to act and 
 decide for us. He will communicate to you our inten- 
 tions, which we fully confirm. 
 
 LETTER LXXXVI. 
 
 To Bastadt. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 1 REGRET very much that any cause of complaint should 
 exist between two houses so closely connected as ours; 
 but the expressions contained in your last, respecting the 
 few hogsheads of refined sugar you ordered some time 
 ago, oblige me to retaliate, and guard my credit as well 
 as preserve your good opinion. 1 I firmly maintain, 2 that 
 I acted upon just grounds; and if a depression 3 of the 
 price has taken place since, I cannot be accountable for 
 your loss. It was expected by some merchants, that the 
 price of refined sugar would fall; but, in executing an 
 order, I am only to look to present circumstances. But 
 I trust you will be fully satisfied, as the price is now look- 
 ing up 4 here, and must consequently rise with you. 
 
 1 gu btefem dmbtt>ec, 
 
 2 bet>oUmurf)tigt. 
 
 1 not^tgen mtc, forcotyl meinen Grebtt nrieber $er$ufteUen unb 
 
 2 irf) befyaupte fcft. 
 
 3 etne (Irrmebngimg, 
 
 4 ba ber spreis tm ^tetgert tft, 
 
Cfif 
 
 On the 22d of April, I quoted you the price of 
 refined sugar, at twenty-one to twenty-two groats; and 
 by the enclosed price-current you will perceive that it 
 is up to twenty-three and twenty-four. I hope I have 
 also succeeded in convincing you, that the loss is only to 
 be imputed to the change in the market, 5 not to the 
 badness of the quality. I have looked again at the sam- 
 ples, and can assure you, that they are of the description 
 you ordered, namely, "good ordinary, and hard;" and 
 at this moment they are well worth twenty-three groats 
 per pound; which price, as they are not yet sold t , I hope 
 you will obtain for them; but, being willing to serve you 
 to the best of my power, I hereby offer to credit you for 
 half my commission, hoping you will require no further 
 sacrifice. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXXVII. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Amsterdam, 
 
 I DULY received your favour of the 10th inst. and beg a 
 continuance of your mercantile advices, being willing to 
 embrace every opportunity of enlivening our correspon- 
 dence. I am not in the habit 1 of making considerable 
 speculations, but still have a very extensive regular trade, 
 which employs yearly a large proportion of my capital, 
 and, I am happy to say, has invariably prospered. 2 
 
 I have been accustomed to address my orders to an 
 eminent house in your city, whose negligence however in 
 
 5 nur . . . $ugefd)rteben werben faniu 
 
 1 3$ bin nid)t 
 
 2 baf e$ beffcanbig um SScrtfyeit gebiefyen ijl. 
 
 7 
 
retarding the shipment 3 of some articlei occasioned me 
 lately a very considerable loss. 
 
 Despatch 4 and attention are primary qualities* in a 
 merchant or agent. 
 
 Encouraged by the testimony of my friends B. and Co. 
 in your favour, 6 I am inclined to make a trial by giving 
 you an order, in the execution of which I recommend 
 despatch. 
 
 In a fortnight, I find by the public prints, 7 there 
 will be a sale of cotton, at which I beg you to purchase 
 for my account: 
 
 Ten bales of Smyrna, eight bales of Georgia, and 
 twelve bales of Demerara; in all, thirty bales of cotton. 
 
 The probable prices of the different qualities I note at 
 foot, without absolutely limiting you to them, leaving 
 this to your own judgment. I merely remark that, from 
 the tenor of my various advices , I think the prices likely 
 to run at these rates. 8 The invoice I wish to have as 
 soon as possible, in order to effect insurance, which I 
 prefer doing in Amsterdam; because, being on the spot, 
 I am acquainted with the solidity of the underwriters. It 
 is moreover my opinion, that the English underwriters 
 are by much too captious, 9 not sufficiently under control, 10 
 and keep their clients 11 too long out of their money, 
 
 3 fceffen (nadtfafftgeS) Sogern in ber SBerlabung. 
 
 4 [dinette 
 
 5 fete erjlen 
 
 6 SlufgemttrUert fcurcJ) tie fur <Sie fefymeic&elfyafte 
 meiner gteunfce, tc. 
 
 7 ttjie id) in offentltc^en SSldttern ftnfce. 
 
 8 glaufce, tie $retfe wevfcen ftrf) jiemlt^ fo ftetten, 
 
 9 &anffud}tig. 
 
 iOtmc&t gemtg unter SUtfjtrfjt ftefyen. 
 11 ifyre Skrjtd&erten, 
 
99 
 
 which certainly is a very great inconvenience, 1 * and 
 severely felt by some houses, in cases of total losses 
 by ships. You may value on me for the amount of my 
 order, at 2y a usances ; and, trusting to your extertions for 
 my interest, 
 
 1 remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXXVIII. 
 
 To Amsterdam. 
 
 London. 
 
 IOUR esteemed letter of the 2d inst. covering an order 
 for thirty bales of cotton, at our next public sale, is now 
 before me. You may expect, in the course of a fortnight, 
 the advice of its execution, as the sale begins next week. 
 The parcels consist of various lots 1 and qualities. There 
 is an excellent assortment of Smyrna among them. I am 
 afraid the prices will run rather high, 2 as there are con- 
 siderable orders in town from the continent, and many 
 of them, to my knowledge, without limits. In the course 
 of three weeks, a vessel will sail for Amsterdam, in which 
 1 have already bespoken room for your goods. I am happy 
 to see that the mercantile advices, with which I took the 
 liberty of troubling you, have not been disagreeable; I 
 shall, therefore, have the pleasure of continuing them from 
 time to time, and I hope always to be honoured with your 
 friendship, by convincing you that your confidence is not 
 misplaced. Your directions respecting the insurance shall 
 be attended to; though I must be permitted to observe, 
 that I think your opinion of the London underwriters rather 
 
 12 S3efrf)tt>e*t>e, 
 
 1 tie $artien beftetyen au metyreren Slbtfoettungen. 
 
 2 )te $vetfe, furcate \fy t rcerfcen jtemltcf) $od) 
 
 7* 
 
100 
 
 harsh.* They certainly are strict in their inquiries, 4 and 
 have acquired that qualification by severe experience; but 
 whenever a case is clearly made out, 5 no man can tax 
 their liberality and promptitude in paying a loss. 6 How- 
 ever, as it is possible you have been ill treated by some 
 one or other of them, I can easily pardon a prejudice, 
 which I should feel myself. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER LXXXIX. 
 
 To Amsterdam. 
 
 London. 
 
 I CONFIRM my last respects of the llth inst.; and now 
 have the pleasure to advise you, that I purchased, at 
 last Saturday's sale of cotton, for your account, the 
 following: 
 
 Ten bales Smyrna, at ... 
 
 Eight bales Georgia - ... 
 
 Twelve bales Demerara - ... 
 
 of excellent quality, which, I doubt not, you will b 
 pleased with. 
 
 For the amount of the enclosed invoice, you will please 
 
 to credit me with . . . , and debit me in 1 the same sum, 
 
 for my drafts on you of this day , of ^ ... each , at 2y a 
 
 usances, my own order. 2 The ship sails in ten days. 
 
 I take the liberty of recommending to you the pre- 
 
 3 jiemlttf) fyart. 
 
 4 Unterfuc&ungen. 
 
 5 beutlicfy ernnefetu 
 
 6 fo rctrt) Sfttemanb tfyre punftitc^f eit tm 23ejafylen etneS 
 lufteS serfomen. 
 
 1 fur. 
 
 2 )vt>er etgene. 
 
101 
 
 sent moment, as very favourable for a speculation in 
 colonial produce, 1 coffee has fallen ten shillings, refined 
 sugar about eight, and raw nearly fire. The arrival of 
 a large West Indian fleet is the cause of this depression. 4 
 I think a purchase now, likely to answer well. 
 
 I am, <fec. 
 
 Invoice of 5 thirty bales of cotton,, shipped per the Zeelust, 
 
 Captain Dryver to Amsterdam, for account and risk 
 
 of ... there, viz. 
 
 V. 1 to 30. . s. d. 
 
 Ten bales Smyrna, wt. at lb. c 
 
 Eignt do. Georgia, ... 
 
 Twelve do. Demerara, ... 
 
 In all thirty bales 
 
 Stamps 7 and small charges 
 
 Commission, two per cent 
 
 Errors excepted. 
 
 London* Jan. 5, 1848. 
 
 LETTER XC. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Amsterdam* 
 
 I HAVE before me your favours of the 20th and 28th ult. 
 The invoice of my thirty bales of cotton is found correct; 
 
 3 
 
 ' 4 biefeS inf en$, 
 
 5 uber. 
 
 6 ttriegen gu ft. 
 
 7 temp el, 
 
102 
 
 and the amount shall be passed in conformity. Your 
 drafts have not appeared, but they shall receive due 
 Honour on presentation. 1 The price of the cotton , how- 
 ever, I very much object to, a unless the quality is very 
 fine; of this, however, I shall say nothing until the ship 
 makes her appearance. If I find the shipment to my 
 liking, 3 I shall transmit you soon a fresh order. 
 
 At .this moment I am not inclined to do any thing 
 either, in coffee, sugar, or pimento; but your occasional 
 advices 4 will be always welcome. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 P. S. There was a report on 'Change, 5 that the 
 Zeelust had arrived; if so, I shall have this pleasure 
 next post. 
 
 LETTER XCL 
 
 To London. 
 
 Amsterdam. 
 
 THE report alluded to in my last respects of the . . . , 
 of the Zeelust's arrival, proved well founded. I have 
 aeen the cotton, which is far from answering my ex- 
 pectations: all the qualities are of an inferiour cast, 1 
 particularly the Smyrna, which is full five and twenty 
 per cent, below the price charged. I have received, by 
 
 1 bet SBorfommen. 
 
 2 Sebod) tyafce id) gegen ben SpretS ber 25aumn)ofle triel em* 
 juttenben. 
 
 3 tt>enn mtr bie SBertabung gefaflt, 
 
 4 Sfyre a,elegentltd)en 5ftatf)rid)ten. 
 
 5 (Exchange) an ber SSorfe gtng bag 
 
 1 atte Morten ftnb Don gennger Utalitcit. 
 
103 
 
 the same vessel, cotton purchased by another house at 
 the same sale, superior to yours, and not dearer. 
 
 I cannot, Indeed, accept of your invoice, unless you 
 make me some allowance: enclosed I send you a certi- 
 ficate of some of our first brokers, stating, that the 
 Smyrna quality, charged at . . . , is, in fact, worth no 
 more than .... By comparing the samples you have 
 by you, 2 with other cotton of the same quality, purchased 
 at the same sale, you will be able to judge that I am 
 correct in my assertion. 3 
 
 It is very possible, that either the broker or the seller 
 may have deceived you, or some mistake of a different 
 nature may have occurred. In either case, this certificate 
 wilt enable you to trace the evil to its source; 4 I cannot, 
 however, consent to take the cotton for my account, and 
 subject myself to the great loss that must ensue, 5 as the 
 price in our market does not even bear a proportion to 
 the first cost, charged by you. 6 I likewise enclose you 
 a notarial document, 7 purporting, that I leave t this 
 Smyrna cotton at your risk, unless you think proper to 
 make me a compensation equal to the loss I should feel 
 were I to keep it: this indemnification the brokers esti- 
 mate at ... . 
 
 I remain, &c. 
 
 2 roelcfte ic tort tyaben. 
 
 3 baf meine 33efyauptimg ric&ttg tft. 
 
 4 bem Uebel auf ben @runb nacfyjufpuren. 
 
 5 ttelcfyer erfolgen mufL 
 
 6 ba ber fyiefige 9Jiarft$tet$ in fetnem S3 crediting mit bem 
 6in!auf9)reife ftefyt, ben @ie berecfyneten. 
 
 7 etn -ftotariatS'Seugmfj. Notarial, notartfrf), tton einem 9?o 
 tariuS aitfgeferttQt, beglaubigt. 
 
104 
 
 LETTER XCH. 
 
 To Amsterdam. 
 
 London. 
 
 IN reply 1 to your letter of the ... it is with great asto* 
 nishment I observe the complaints 2 you make, respecting 
 the quality of cotton per the Zeelust. 
 
 It was purchased at the sale by me, on the authority 
 of the samples, 3 which I received from Mr. J. P., a bro- 
 ker of the first respectability and character on our ex- 
 change. 4 The sellers are also men of the highest re- 
 spectability in our town; and I am convinced, from the 
 precautions which were taken, that 5 no mistake can have 
 happened. I have made close inquiry 6 into every parti* 
 cular of the transaction., and find that every thing was 
 in perfect order on this side of the water. 7 That an- 
 other house may have obtained a chance bargain, 8 is pos* 
 sible; but that they should have bought at five and 
 twenty per cent, under my purchase, is impossible. The 
 character of my house enables me to purchase in the 
 market as advantageously as any of my neighbours, and 
 my experience guards me against deception. 6 I respect 
 your veracity, and rely on the honour of the gentlemen 
 
 1 Sn 23eanttt>ottung. 
 
 2 23efctt>erben. 
 
 3 tiad) ben $proben. 
 
 4 bet auf unferer 236rfe tm beften SHufe unb 5lnfe^en jle$t, 
 6 bafj nacf) ben genommenen SSorfic^t^magregeln. 
 
 6 genaue 9?arf)frage. 
 
 7 fyier. 
 
 8 bag ein anbeteS au6 jufatttg etnen btfltgeren (in?auf ge 
 macfyt tyaben mag. 
 
 9 fd&itfct mt$ gegyt 23etrug. 
 
105 
 
 Who signed the certificate; therefore, the enigma of this 
 affair is insoluble by me. 10 
 
 Being a declared enemy to disputes, and wishing to 
 terminate our differences 11 in a friendly manner, the sell* 
 ers have agreed to bear, with me, an equal share of die 
 loss; you will, therefore, have the goodness to deliver 
 up the ten bales of Smyrna cotton for my account, to my 
 friends Messrs. Zadig and Co. of your place, and re-draw 
 on me for the amount of the invoice and charges, at* two 
 and a half months. 12 This plan will, no doubt, meet 
 your approbation, and, as a proof of it, I hope soon to 
 be favoured with another order from you. 
 
 I remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER XCffl. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Amsterdam* 
 
 IN compliance with your esteemed letter of the 1st inst., 
 I have delivered to Messrs. Zadig and Co. upon their re- 
 ceipt, as enclosed, the ten bales of Smyrna cotton, against 
 which 1 have taken the liberty of re-drawing the value on 
 you this day, in . . . , order M. and Co., according to 
 the annexed account. 1 The charges I have made as low 
 as possible. The warehouse-rent 2 I shall bear myself, in 
 consideration of 3 the loss you really must meet with in 
 the sale, and also as a proof of my esteem for the very 
 
 10 beSroegen if* mtr ba SRattyfeltyafte biefer ad&e unerfldrbar, 
 
 11 Sftiffyettigfeiten. 
 
 12 unb fur ben 23etrag ber gactura imb Unfoften bt$ 2V 2 9fto 
 nat roteber auf micfy $u traffiren. 
 
 1 ... gleicfylautenb mit beifolgenbet SRecfynung, |urutf u 
 traffiren. 
 
 2 Eager 'pefen. 
 
 8 mit Stttfjtd&t auf. 
 
10ft 
 
 liberal manner In which you have come forward 4 to settle 
 this disagreeable affair. In a few posts I shall have the 
 pleasure of forwarding you a fresh order, in which I hope 
 we shall be more fortunate. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER XCIV. 
 
 To Mr. J. S. Riga. 
 
 London. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 TROM the considerable consignments of timber 1 you are 
 in the habit of sending to our port, 2 I am induced to 
 take the liberty of tendering you my best services, as in 
 this line of business, 3 I have had the experience of many 
 years, and am convinced that I can serve my friends upon 
 as advantageous terms as any other house, and further 
 will never scruple 4 advancing two thirds on the arrival of 
 any cargo consigned to me. Your firm enjoying greater 
 reputation than any other at Riga, I should have no 
 objection to grant you a credit in blank of a thousand 
 pounds sterling, an advantage which I have constantly 
 denied to others, but which I take the liberty of ten- 
 dering you, as a proof of the opinion 5 I entertain of your 
 solidity. 
 
 Respecting myself, I beg to refer you to James Smith 
 and Co. of your place, or any of my neighbours here. 
 
 4 nut ber te mtr entgegen famen. 
 
 2 roelcfje <Sie geroofynlidj nacfj unfcrm afen fenben. 
 
 3 in btefem efd)dftS = 3ttmge. 
 
 4 unb raerbe nic S3ebcnfen ttagen. 
 
 5 Sfynen al$ etnen 23enm$ bet gunftigen fDlctnung an^ubteten, 
 
107 
 
 I am sometimes an importer of wheat and other grain. 6 
 Be pleased to furnish me with the present state of your 
 corn market, which, perhaps, may induce me to give 
 you a commission. 
 
 Enclosed is a list of the present prices of timber, 
 with some remarks as to the currency of the respective 
 qualities. 7 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER XCV. 
 
 To Mr. R. T. London. 
 
 Riga. 
 
 I HAVE, in due time, been favoured with your esteemed 
 letter of the 2d inst., and return you thanks for the offers 
 of service you are kind enough to tender me; and, with- 
 out applying to the gentlemen you named, I am encou- 
 raged, by the very flattering manner in which your house 
 is always mentioned, to make a trial, and hope its suc- 
 cess will encourage me to repeat it. 1 am in the habit 1 
 of consigning great quantities of timber, deals, and staves, 9 
 to London, Bristol, and Liverpool; and have done business 
 with the houses of W. W. and J. J. of your place, for 
 many years, and never have had occasion to find fault 
 with their treatment. As I have no reason 3 to think other- 
 wise of you, I have already made you a consignment of 
 timber, per the ship Neptune, Captain Smith, who sailed 
 this morning from our ^arbour. Enclosed is the bill of lading. 
 The insurance you will have the goodness to procure 
 
 ft (ftatt I sometimes import) id) fufyre juweiten . . . etiu 
 7 ubcr tie angbatf ett(23erf dufiicfyf eit) fcer &erfd)iebenen@orte. 
 
 2 S3au=olj, SannensSBreter unb 
 
 3 >a i$ feme SSerantaffung 
 
108 
 
 without delay, to the amount of three thousand pounds 
 sterling. The vessel is too well known in the trade to 
 require any further description than her name. In the 
 disposal of this cargo, I do not limit you to either price 
 or time, leaving it entirely to your judgment 4 to act for 
 the best of my interest. 
 
 In consequence of your kind permission I have taken 
 the liberty of drawing on you the sum of five hundred 
 pounds sterling, at three months date, to the order of F. 
 L. B., as part of the sum of two thousand pounds, which 
 I intend valuing on you as two thirds of the invoice of 
 my timber, and the remainder I shall draw in bills of 
 f 500 each, at the intervals of two posts 5 or eight days t 
 considering this mode to be more convenient to merchants 
 in general, particularly when, as at this moment, I am 
 not in want of the cash. 6 
 
 Your offer of credit in blank, for one thousand pounds, 
 I willingly accept; though* as you are thus far accom- 
 modating, 1 would gladly see the sum doubled, against 
 which I shall constantly keep up sufficient timber in your 
 hands, 7 always to cover what I may draw in blank. 
 
 Any information respecting me, you may obtain from 
 any one of the respectable Riga houses in your city, among 
 whom I am tolerably well known. In less than a month 
 I shall have to make a considerable purchase of staves, 
 one half of which must be paid for in ready money, 8 and 
 
 4 uberlaffe e Dielmefyr Sfyrem utacpen. 
 
 5 m Sttnfcfjenraumen oon 2$ofNagen, 
 
 6 befont>er6 roenn man, rate id) in biefem &ugenfcU(!, fetnen 
 QKangel an Gaffe $at. 
 
 7 wogegen id) <Ste ftets mit einem im:etd)enten SBoiraf^ tn 
 S3au=olj tterfdje 
 
 8 in barem (Mbe. . 
 
100 
 
 the remainder in bills at six months ; to make good the for- 
 mer, 9 I shall avail myself of your credit, and shall draw on 
 you for twelve or fifteen hundred pounds, at the usual term. 
 Our wheat prices have hitherto been too high for any 
 speculation to have a fair prospect of advantage. The 
 advices from England and Holland, which state this article 
 to be at a very low ebb, 10 have, within these few days, 
 produced a similar effect here. High mixed wheat 11 stands 
 at , middling ditto at ... , and ordinary at .... Rye 
 is somewhat more in demand: our whole stock does not 
 exceed one thousand lasts. The price, therefore, is ex- 
 pected to look higher. 12 Freight to all the trading ports 13 
 Is to be had very low, owing to the number of vessels 
 now seeking charter. To Amsterdam it may be had for . . . , 
 and to London for . . . sterling per last. It will give me 
 great pleasure to be favoured with your orders for grain, 
 or any other article you may stand in need of, and I 
 hope that, in the foregoing state of our market, 14 some- 
 thing may be found worthy your notice. 
 
 I am, very truly, &c. 
 
 LETTER XCVL 
 
 To Riga. 
 
 London. 
 
 IHE bill of lading of the timber, you have been good 
 
 9 urn ba Qsrrftere tfyun $u fonnen. 
 
 10 fcfjilbern biefen 5lrtifet al3 fefyr fyeruntergefommen. 
 
 11 fyocfybunter SSetjen.* 
 
 12 9)1 an erroartet batyer, bag bte 'jpreife fyefyer gefyen tterben. 
 
 13 anbelS=dfen. 
 
 14 2$ericfyt uber unfere 
 
 dine S3enenmmg, beren man ft$ am balttfcfyen mem frebtent; (nbcra 
 bet tatytotb; SBetjen, luelcfyer in spolen, Sft* unb SBeft^reulJen rcddjfl, 
 rait ^ellgelbem uetmifcfyt, unb u'te unD ^retg, je nacfybem er mefyt obec 
 raeniget rotten entl)alt (el(^rt b befie i[t) befiimmt iotcb. 
 
110 
 
 enough to consign to me, in your favour of the 3d ult., 
 is duly received. I return you many thanks for this mark 
 of confidence, and shall exert all my powers to merit your 
 future favours. 1 The insurance, you will perceive by the 
 annexed account, has already been effected, and I beg 
 you will credit me with . . . . accordingly. The weather 
 being moderate, and the wind fair for several days past,* 
 the captain may be expected here very shortly. Your 
 draft for 500 has already appeared, and is accepted. 
 I observe that you will draw fifteen hundred pounds more 
 at different periods, which shall meet due protection. 
 
 The observations you make, respecting the doubling 
 of the credit 1 had the pleasure of offering you, meet my 
 full approbation; 3 and any sums you may value on me, 
 to the extent of two thousand pounds, shall be treated 
 with the respect due to your firm. 4 I hope that, in this 
 manner, we shall establish a mutually advantageous and 
 lasting connexion. I am extremely obliged to you for 
 the particulars of the state of your market. 5 The prices 
 of wheat are encouraging, 6 and I accordingly beg you to 
 purchase, and ship with all possible speed, for my account, 
 twenty-five lasts of red high mixed wheat, at . . . ; the 
 insurance I shall effect here: the shipment must be made 
 by a British vessel, which will save me considerably in 
 the premium. You may reimburse yourself directly on, 
 me, in drafts at three months date. Should you meet 
 with a parcel of unusually fine quality, you need not 
 
 1 Sfyt: fernereS SScfylwotten ju tjerbienen. 
 
 2 fctt etmgen agen. 
 
 3 ftnben meine t?6Utge enefymtgung. 
 
 4 roelcfye Sfyrem aufe gebutyrt. 
 
 5 fur fcte @pectai=23ettcfyte ubet: ben 
 
 6 aufmunternt. 
 
Ill 
 
 hesitate to give a few dollars more for it, provided it is 
 really of this description. 
 
 I am respectfully, &c. 
 
 LETTER XCVII. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Riga. 
 
 1 BEG to acknowledge the receipt of your favour of the 
 10th inst. covering account of insurance 1 on my cargo of 
 timber, per the Neptune, whereof the amount is placed 
 to your credit. I have this day drawn upod you for five 
 hundred pounds sterling, at three months, to the order 
 ofX. E., to be placed to the account of the above cargo.* 
 
 I perceive, with pleasure, your agreement to my 
 proposal, of extending the blank credit to two thousand 
 pounds. It will enable me to extend my concerns, 3 and, 
 of course, enliven our correspondence. 
 
 Your order for wheat I have duly noticed, and shall 
 proceed in the execution of the same without delay: I 
 thank you also for the further contents of your letter, 
 and remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER XCVIH. 
 
 'To Riga. 
 
 London, 
 
 ISiNCE my respects of the . . . , I am without any of 
 your favours. 1 The present is merely to advise yon, that 
 a draft of yours for five hundred pounds, to the order 
 of X. E., has made its appearance, without any advice 
 
 2 melcfye auf Gonto obtger 2atwng ju brtngen finb. 
 
 3 meine (3$efd)dfte ju errceitern, 
 
 1 <Sett metnem ergebenften ^cfyretben o. . . * bin i$ o$ne 
 SRarfjricfyten, 
 
112 
 
 from you having arrived. I have not hesitated to protect 
 your signature, supposing that you considered your letter 
 of the ... as general instructions; 2 I must, however, beg 
 to observe, that it is usual to advise and particularize 
 every draft, for the sake of regularity. 3 
 
 I beg you to excuse the freedom with which I have 
 mentioned this subject, and am, with respect, &c. 
 
 P. S. The Neptune has not yet made her appearance. 
 
 LETTER XCIX. 
 
 To Riga. 
 
 London. 
 
 JSlNCE my last of the 12th, I am favoured with yoor 
 letter of the 6th, advising the draft which I had already 
 honoured. The advice not coming in due time, 1 find, 
 was occasioned by the irregularity of the mails. The 
 Neptune is at length arrived, after a very stormy pas- 
 sage. 1 Next post I shall inform you of the state of her 
 cargo. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER C. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Riga. 
 
 I COINTIRM my last of the 30th inst., and am since de- 
 prived of your letters. Enclosed I send you an in- 
 
 2 att&emetne 23orfd)rift. 
 
 3 jebe ratte ju amftren un& t>er)rbnung roegen au 
 anjugeben. 
 
 1 ent>li$ nadj einer fetyr fturmtfdjen Sfcetfe angefommen. 
 
113 
 
 voice of wheat, purchased for your account. The quality 
 is extremely fine, 1 and, in consideration of this circum- 
 stance, 2 I thought myself justifiable in exceeding your 
 limits to a small extent. 3 
 
 To balance the amount of die invoice, I have this 
 day drawn ... at two and a half months, and . . , 
 at three months, both to the order of B. F. and Co., 
 which, 1 hope, will have due protection, 4 as also a fur- 
 ther draft of five hundred pounds to my own order, 
 against the shipment of timber, which, I hope, is long 
 since 5 in your hands. The prices of grain are at foot, 
 and no alteration whatever has taken place. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CI. 
 
 To Riga. 
 
 London. 
 
 MY last respects to you were of the 3d, and I have 
 since received your favour of the . . . , covering the in- 
 voice of wheat, which has given me great satisfaction: 
 the amount is balanced by your drafts already accepted, 
 as are also those against the shipment of timber per the 
 Neptune. The cargo is landed and partly sold, as per 
 specification at foot. 1 At this moment there is a little stir 
 in the article, 3 no decline, therefore, is to be expected. 
 
 frf)6n. 
 
 2 in Mtfficfyt beffcn. 
 
 3 bafi ify %$* 2tmitum etumS uberfcfyntten fyafce. 
 
 4 roelcfyen tcfj gefdttigen ^cfyiifc erbitte. 
 
 5 langji 
 
 1 tic Catwng ift gelofc&t unb, laut ber am gufje btefeS 
 fmbltdjen <Spectftcatton, tfyetoeife oerfauft. 
 
 2 ift ettoaS 2eben in btefem Sirttfei. 
 
 8 
 
114 
 
 I have not the least doubt of disposing of the whole to 
 advantage. In expectation of the arrival of my wheat, 
 I remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CII. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Riga. 
 
 SINCE my letter of the 14th, I continue deprived of 
 your favours. 1 I have this day taken the liberty of va- 
 luing on you the sum of one thousand pounds at three 
 months, to the order of U. T., which, I flatter myself, 
 will meet due honour. This sum, and a future draft* 
 of five hundred pounds, which I shall make next week, 
 are in payment for a considerable parcel of wood, the 
 greatest part of which I shall consign to your house. 
 Business here is dull, 3 and the want of orders from Hol- 
 land and England, as is customary at this season, causes 
 the prices to remain very low. Your next letter will, 
 I ferust, advise the arrival of the wheat per the Jane, 
 and, I also hope, a further sale of my timber: should 
 the whole be already disposed of, and be in cash, 4 it 
 will be the more agreeable. 
 
 I remain, &c, 
 
 LETTER CHI. 
 
 To Riga. 
 
 London. 
 
 To the contents of my last, of the . . . , wlicli I beg 
 
 1 entbe^re id) fortfcauernb bie 
 
 2 cine fentere Sratte. 
 
 3 ef<fydfte finb tyter ftau. 
 
 4 fceuits ocrfauft unb in (Jaffa fein (ober: unb Gajfa bafur 
 eina,ea,ana,en fein). 
 
115 
 
 I 
 
 now to confirm, I have to-day the pleasure of adding, 
 that the Jane arrived last tide 1 at Gravesend, and the 
 captain is already in town. From him I learn that the 
 cargo is, to all appearance, 2 perfectly dry and sound; 
 but, as the ship is expected up to-morrow, 3 my next shall 
 bring you certain information on this subject. I have, fur- 
 ther, disposed of a parcel of your timber, the prices and 
 terms of which are at foot. I am of opinion that this is 
 the best time for selling, as the builders' consumption is 
 great, 4 and our Navy Office 5 buys all the masts and 
 ship-timber at almost any price. I think it would be ad- 
 visable to sell now, rather than to keep the goods long 
 on hand, in the expectation of a rise in the market. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CIV. 
 
 To Riga. 
 
 London. 
 
 SINCE my last of the 1st instant, I have received your 
 favour of the 17th ult. Your drafts of one thousand and 
 five hundred pounds shall severally have my protection. 
 I hope soon to be able to send you the account-sales of 
 your timber, per the Neptune, and trust you will be 
 induced thereby to consign me some more parcels. 1 I 
 have examined the wheat, per the Jane, and find it to 
 be damaged by sea-water; 2 but, as this is almost invari- 
 
 1 mit letter 
 
 2 ader 2Batyrfcfyeinlid)fett nad). 
 
 3 ba afcer ba @d)iff erft moreen ^eranfommcn ttnrb, 
 
 4 ba ber SSerbraucfy t>on @eiten ber 23au=$erren grog ijt. 
 
 5 Slbmiralttdt. 
 
 1 mtr fernere 0enbungen ju madden. 
 
 2 Ijabe tdj unterfucfyt, unb tyn com 6'2Baj|er 
 gefunbem 
 
 8* 
 
116 
 
 ably 5 the case, I do not mean to make it a ground of 
 complaint. That part which was injured I have ordered 
 to be kiln -dried. 4 The quality of the sound 5 appears to 
 be good, but yet, in my opinion, dear. I do not calcu- 
 late much profit at that price. However, I attach no 
 blame to you, 6 being convinced that you have done your 
 best for me. 
 
 I remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CV. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Riga. 
 
 1 COJSFIRM my respects of the 20th inst. , and have re- 
 ceived two of your favours, of the . . . and .... To make 
 good the payment of some purchases, 1 1 have again taken 
 the liberty of drawing on you for five hundred pounds, 
 to the order of H. P., which I hope will meet your usual 
 protection. I thank you for the prompt acceptance of 
 all my drafts, notwithstanding advice was not come to 
 hand, in one instance 2 owing to the irregularity of the 
 mails, and not to any omission, as you feared, on my 
 part. I observe the arrival of the Jane, and that you are 
 pleased with the quality of the wheat That part of it 
 should be damaged by sea- water, is a circumstance atten- 
 dant on almost every shipment, 3 I anxiously wait the 
 
 3 unabctnberlid). 
 
 4 ben befcfydbigten &eil lajfe i$ barren. 
 
 5 be unbefdjdbigten. 
 
 6 tnbeffen mefje itf) Stynen feme @$ulb bet. 
 
 1 tie 23eja$lung eintger Qnnfaufe 311 bercerfjMttgen. 
 
 2 eineS Zfyeitt (ober um 2tyeil). 
 
 3 em Umftanb, ber faft bei jeber 23erlabung (biefer Slrt) 
 tatt fmbet. 
 
117 
 
 account-sales 4 of my timber, but beg you not to prejudice 
 the sale by unnecessary haste. 5 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CVL 
 
 To London. 
 
 Riga. 
 
 I CONFIRM my last of the . . . , and acknowledge the receipt 
 of your favour of the . . . , informing me of a further sale 
 of my timber. As I place every reliance on your expe- 
 rience and judgment, I forbear 1 making any observations 
 on the subject, but leave the management entirely to you, 
 as I am no advocate for 2 letting my money lie dead in 
 an article, with the expectation of having the interest in- 
 demnified by the price, 3 but prefer a quick return. 4 I 
 have no objection to your disposing of the timber at the 
 first favourable opportunity, and enabling me thereby to 
 send another consignment with the proceeds. 5 
 
 I expect soon to hear how the wheat has sold, and 
 remain respectfully, &c. 
 
 LETTER CVII. 
 
 To Riga. 
 
 London. 
 
 1 HAD the pleasure of addressing you on the 10th inst., 
 
 4 e^nlid^ft ernmrte itf) tie S3erfcmf*3ftedfwimgen. 
 
 5 bitte @ie jebocft, nicfyt nut unnottytger tie einen nacfytljei* 
 ligen SBerfauf &it macfyen. 
 
 1 ba id? alleS SSertrauen in S$re <rfaf;rung unb (Stnjtd&ten 
 fefce, fo unterlaffe id). 
 
 2 t>a id) nttf)t genetgt bin. 
 
 3 in ber Qfrwartung tne Sntereffcn burdjj ben $pret$ p etfe^en. 
 
 4 fonbern fdjneflen Umfa^ 
 
 5 fur ben <rtrag beffelben. 
 
118 
 
 and have now before me 1 your favours of the 31st ult. 
 and 4th inst. Your draft of five hundred pounds is ac- 
 cepted in course. Your opinion respecting quick returns, 
 perfectly accords with mine. 2 It is certainly best, for a 
 house engaged in extensive concerns, to be satisfied with 
 a moderate profit and early return of their money, than 
 to wait for an increase of price, and thus lose the benefit 
 resulting from its application to other objects. 3 Conform- 
 ably to this system, I have disposed of the whole of your 
 timber, at the price of... . The account-sales shall be 
 sent off at the expiration of the time allowed for delivery; 
 namely, fourteen days. By the quotations at foot, you 
 will be convinced I have chosen a convenient moment. You 
 will see that the prices are not likely to rise. 
 
 My former letters will have advised you of the arrival 
 of the Jane, and my opinion of the wheat. I have sold 
 part of it at a tolerably good price, andjiave hopes of 
 getting off the damaged without any great loss. 4 
 
 1 am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CVIH. 
 
 To Riga. 
 
 London. 
 
 LKCLOSED I beg leave to hand you the account -sales 
 of your timber, per the Neptune, the nett proceeds 
 amounting to .... 1 hope you are convinced of my 
 having done all that was possible, and flatter myself that 
 I shall still enjoy your confidence. On my part, I shall 
 
 1 ju beantroorten. 
 
 2 Sfyre SOieinung . . , ttyeile \fy tjoflfommen. 
 
 3 bet auS bcffen SSerroenbung . . . entfpringen rourbe. 
 
 4 ben fcefcfydbtgten otync grofen SSetluft lo$ ju roerben. 
 
110 
 
 omit no opportunity of reciprocating, by my own orders, 
 the kindness conferred by your consignments. 1 The state 
 of our market is noted below; by doing me this favour 
 in return, you would much oblige, &c. a 
 
 LETTER CIX. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Riga. 
 
 I HAVE before me your favours of the ... and ... of 
 this month. The account -sales of my timber is found 
 correct, and the amount passed to your debit. I have 
 no cause to complain of this transaction, and I return 
 you my sincere thanks for your attention to my interest. 
 
 I am happy to observe that you suffer no loss by the 
 wheat. I am very anxious 1 to see our correspondence 
 enlivened by mutual speculations, towards which I shall 
 contribute every thing that lies in my power. I intend 
 to send you some more timber per the next ships, in 
 order to cover thereby my drafts for fifteen hundred 
 pounds on the blank credit. 
 
 Your frequent commercial advices will be acceptable.* 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CX. 
 
 To Messrs. P. F. and Co., Lyons. 
 
 Paris. 
 
 DEPRIVED of your esteemed favours since our respects 
 
 1 Sfyre utc (bcmfbar) $u ernnebern, oermogc beren <5te ntir 
 obtgc 3ufenbungen mac&teru 
 
 2 Unfcre 9Kar?t=$)reife amgitfje. >urdj SJHtttyetlung berS$* 
 rtgen in Slntroort auf biefeS nwtben tc feljr oer-pffi^ten, tc, 
 
 1 5 liegt mtr fdjr baran. 
 
 2 S^re ofteren <g>cmbel$=23eri$te roerben mir angmtym fein. 
 
120 
 
 of the ... , we have now merely to inform you 1 that 
 your remittance of three thousand three hundred francs, 
 upon Messrs. R. and Co. of Amsterdam, has been refused 
 payment, and consequently protested. 2 We, therefore, 
 take the liberty of returning you the original bill, with 
 protest and account 'of charges 3 as at foot, begging you 
 to credit us for the same. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 Account of charges on a bill of fr. 3300, drawn by Messrs. 
 P. F. and Co. of Lyons, upon R. and Co. of Amster- 
 dam, and protested for non-acceptance and non-pay- 
 ment, 4 as follows; viz: 
 
 Capital fr. 3300 
 
 Two protests | 10 
 
 Postages 5 4 
 
 Commission, y a per cent : 
 
 
 Paris, Febr. , 1848. 
 
 1 tyaben ttnt @te je|t nur $u benacfyricfyttgen. 
 
 2 bie SafyUtng t>ertt>etgert unb folgttd^ baruber proteftttt tuor= 
 ten i(t. 
 
 4 SDlangel 5lnnabme unb 3ciblung. 
 
 
 5 $porto 
 
 6 umma. 
 
 7 Srrtyum t)orbe^atten (f ^ote 11 @. 9). 
 
121 
 LETTER CXI. 
 
 To Messrs. S. and Co. Leghorn. 
 
 London. 
 
 CONFIRMING our last of the 14th inst. we beg leave to 
 reply to your favour of the 7th ult., containing an order 
 for a cargo of sardinias, 1 in which we shall make it our 
 principal object to serve you, provided you entrust it to 
 us, without confining us to certain limits; for the article 
 is, at this moment, so very much sought after, 2 that 
 there is a rise in price almost every day; we, therefore, 
 wait your reply before executing the orcjer. The price 
 this day is ... per barrel. 
 
 We are really concerned that our correspondent Mr. D. 
 Las not thought proper to ship the stockfish 3 to your 
 address, in compliance with 4 our orders. Your former 
 remittance on Messrs. N. and Co. has not, as yet, been 
 paid, and we think it unlikely 5 that they will discharge 
 it. We shall, however, wait on them with the bill, when 
 due; 6 and, should they pay the amount, we will accord- 
 ingly give you credit. We are sorry to find that you 
 expect a reduction in our charge for canceling your 
 policies of insurance, 7 which it is not in our power to 
 grant. 8 If you reflect on the trouble we have had, and 
 the loss of time we have sustained in settling with the 
 
 1 arbetten, 
 
 2 gefuc&t. 
 
 3 (cod-fish), 
 
 4 ju golge, 
 
 5 unb nnr tyalten fur untt>a$tfrf)einlic. 
 
 6 jur SSerfaUjeit. 
 
 7 bafj @te cine Sftebuctton bet fitt bie Sluftyebung Stytrer Stffe* 
 curanj--^olicen fceja^lten pefen erroarten. 
 
 8 bettriEtgen, 
 
122 
 
 underwriters, 9 we are convinced you will think our ser- 
 vices but poorly paid. 10 
 
 Enclosed you will find a letter from a very respectable 
 house in Liverpool, which, at our recommendation, is 
 willing to begin business with you, by a consignment of two 
 entire cargoes 11 offish, on condition of our advancing five 
 shillings per barrel, which our friends assert to be the ordi- 
 nary terms. We expect your answer to this proposal, that 
 we may inform the Liverpool house of it. For your govern- 
 ment, the present premium of insurance from London to the 
 Italian ports is four to four and a half guineas per cent. 18 
 
 Your enclosure to Mr. II. has been sent forward, and 
 we shall communicate to you the answer we receive. The 
 price of lead remains firm at 13 ... . Very little in the 
 market. You will oblige us by sending, per your next, 
 a price-current of Italian articles. 
 
 We are, very truly, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXII. 
 
 To Messrs. L. and V. London. 
 
 Leghorn. 
 
 WE are favoured with your letter of the ... , and ob- 
 serving that you will not undertake to execute a limited 
 order, 1 we beg you to transmit a copy of the letter con- 
 taining our direction for the purchase of sardinias, to our 
 friends Messrs. B. and Co. of Falmouth, who will execute 
 
 9 SlfiurabeurS. 
 
 10 baf te unferc )tenfle nur fdrglid) bclo^nt ftwben roerben. 
 
 11 jroet tfotte 2abungen. 
 
 12 fiir'S 4?unbert. 
 
 13 bleibt fej* auf . . . . 
 
 1 bag @ie etnen Itmittrtcn 9luftrag gur 2lu8ful)tung ni$t 
 amufymen rootten. 
 
123 
 
 our orders without delay.* Should you be willing to take 
 a share in the shipment of five hundred barrels, we shall 
 have no objection; and, in case you agree to this, we 
 request you to charter an English ship for the purpose 
 of conveying them; and as the vessel will carry more 
 than the above quantity, you may also send by her two 
 hundred pigs of lead 3 and twenty-six barrels of tin, for 
 our account. Should you not be able to procure these 
 articles, we leave to your judgment the choice of any 
 others. We beg you to write fully 4 on this subject to 
 our friends at Falmouth, to whom we also despatch the 
 necessary instructions by this mail. 
 
 The insurance of the whole we request you will confide 
 to Mr. H. in Bristol, and act, in every respect, for our 
 mutual interest. At foot are the prices of the different 
 articles at our market. We beg, however, to observe, 
 that this is not the season for Italian exportation*; and 
 therefore most of the quotations can only be regarded as 
 nominal.* 
 
 Always at your service, we remain respectfully, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXIII. 
 
 To Messrs. S. and Co. Leghorn. 
 
 London. 
 
 WE were duly favoured with your letter of the . . . , 
 and have, in consequence, transferred your order for 
 sardinias to Messrs. B. and Co. in Falmouth, giving them 
 all the necessary information on the subject. We agree 
 
 2 ofyne 
 
 3 SStorfe, Sttulfcen 23lci. 
 
 4 auSfutyrltcfy. 
 
 5 unb beSroegen tic metften ber notttten spretfe mtr al8 nomi* 
 nctt ju betradjten fwb. 
 
124 
 
 to your proposal of taking a share in it, and accordingly 
 shall procure a suitable ship, for the purpose. 1 We find 
 there is not one in Falmouth to answer our purpose, and 
 are, therefore, obliged, to look out for one in the neigh- 
 bouring ports, where we hope to accomplish our object.* 
 The proper steps shall also be taken to procure the 
 quantities of lead and tin, of which we have a good 
 opinion. The whole shall be insured by Mr. H. in Bristol, 
 to whom w r e will write with all particulars. 8 
 
 We should have regretted that you did not accede to 
 the terms proposed for purchasing sardinias, 4 had not 
 your subsequent commission proved we had not forfeited 
 your good opinion. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXIV. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Leghorn. 
 
 AN extreme pressure of business prevented us last post 
 from answering minutely your favour of the . . . , and 
 particularly that part relative to your recommendation of 
 our house to your friends in Liverpool, for which we beg 
 you to accept our thanks; but at the same time to inform 
 them, that it is out of our power, and not customary in 
 our business, to agree to the terms on which they offer 
 us consignments. To advance five shillings sterling per 
 barrel is too considerable a proportion of the whole, and 
 
 1 unb roerben folcjlicfj etn tauglirfjeS @d)iff befo^en. 
 
 2 unfern 3wec! ju erretcfyen. 
 
 3 bem rait 9itte genait fcfyretben rooflem 
 
 4 bag <ie in bie S^nen t?orgefd)lagenen 23ebmgungen 
 fceS arbetten=Qritt?auf$ ntdjt widigten. 
 
125 
 
 we must think an unusual condition. But as it is our 
 earnest wish to profit by your kindness, we beg you to 
 offer these gentlemen, in our name, an advance of two 
 shillings per cask, to be made in our remittances, or 
 their drafts, at their option; 1 but in either case, 2 not 
 until receipt of the documents. 3 Should this suit their 
 convenience, we shall be happy to render them any 
 service in our power. 
 
 We request you to purchase and ship, for eur ac- 
 count : 
 
 8 puncheons 4 of Jamaica rum, 
 16 casks of double refined sugar, 5 
 4 casks of fine Jamaica coffee, and 
 30 bags of black pepper. 
 
 In the prices, we only limit you to the quotations of 
 your last price-current; and beg you to insure the whole 
 at the lowest rate. 6 We wish this shipment to be made 
 with all possible expedition, and request you to look 
 particularly to the quality of the articles, as none but the 
 very finest will suit this market. Your drafts for the 
 amount will find due honour. 
 
 Business remains here without any alteration, so that 
 you may still be governed by our last quotations. The 
 exchange on Hamburgh seems to rise. 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 1 nad) tfyrem SSeltcben. 
 
 2 aber in betfcen gdflen, 
 
 3 ntc^t Dor (mpfang fcer (tie SBerlabung betreffenben) ^apierc. 
 
 4 gaffer (Don circa 84 allenS gu 4 engltfcfyen jUiartS). 
 
 5 )oppel=9Raffmabe. 
 
 6 jur mefcrigflen sprdmie ju Derjtc&ern, 
 
126 
 
 LETTER CXV. 
 
 To Leghorn. 
 
 London. 
 
 ISiNCE our last we have been favoured with your esteemed 
 lines of the 19th, the contents of which are duly noticed 
 We have already effected a purchase of 
 8 puncheons of Jamaica rum, 
 16 casks of double refined sugar, 
 4 hogsheads of fine coffee, and 
 30 bags of black pepper, 
 
 which are shipped, per the Cabinet, Captain May, who 
 sails with the first fair wind. You will perceive that we 
 attended to one of your injunctions, namely, despatch; 1 
 and, on arrival of the goods, we hope you will approve 
 of our care in the selection of them. The articles, we 
 can assure you, are of prime quality 5 a and extremely 
 moderate, as will appear from a reference to the invoice. 
 Messrs. B. #nd Co. write us from Falmouth, that they 
 will be enabled to execute your orders upon the best 
 possible terms, which we have great pleasure in com- 
 municating. 
 
 We have transmitted your proposal to Messrs. T. and 
 Co. in Liverpool, who find it unequal to their expecta- 
 tions. They request us to inform you that the trade of 
 fish requires a much greater facility than you will grant, 
 and which they enjoy from many reputable houses 3 in 
 Italy, who make them an advance of five shillings per 
 barrel many months before arrival. The above house 
 has two vessels which were bound for Genoa, but whose 
 
 1 fcafj nnrStyre Scrfrfjrift ter@iU sorsugltdj fceac^fct tyaben. 
 
 2 ton bet beften ute, 
 
 3 acfytbaren aufcrn. 
 
m 
 
 route 4 has since been changed for your port. They are 
 laden with lish, and they offer you the disposal of their 
 cargoes on the above stipulations. 5 
 We wait your reply, and are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXVI. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Leghorn. 
 
 WE are favoured with your letters of the . . . and ... , 
 and observe the shipment of rum, sugar, coffee, and 
 pepper, in which we are glad to find you lost no time, 
 and are, moreover, 1 pleased with the prices at which 
 you bought; we have now only to hope that the quality 
 may correspond. 2 We also observe that our order for 
 sardinias can be well executed at Falmouth. This assu- 
 rance we have already had from Messrs. B. and Co. 
 themselves. 
 
 With respect to your friends Messrs. T. and Co. at 
 Liverpool, we shall thank you to inform them, that It 
 does not at all suit us to receive consignments on their 
 terms, otherwise we should be happy to serve them. 
 We beg you to purchase for us two entire services of 
 English china, 3 and three crystal lustres , 4 of handsome 
 workmanship 5 and new pattern. You may send them, 
 
 4 SBeg, SReife, 
 
 5 ju ben obtgen SBcfcingungen. 
 
 1 ferner, 
 
 2 entfpredjen. 
 
 3 (china, fprtdj tfd^e^'ni) em soUftdnbigeS ScrtriS engltfce$ 
 
 4 
 
 5 son ubfcer SUbeit. 
 
128 
 
 carefully packed, by the vessel which brings the sardinias. 
 Pray inform us how soon we may expect ibis cargo; 
 and also be good enough to exert yourselves about pro- 
 curing the lead and tin, of which we have a good 
 opinion. The enclosed letter to Messrs. W. W. and Co. 
 of Liverpool, is to make some inquiries about herrings. 
 You will perceive that we request their answer to be 
 directed to you, of which you will be kind enough to^ 
 take charge. 6 
 
 From your not mentioning our bill on N. and Co., 
 we presume it is still unpaid. Present it once more on 
 receipt of the present, and, if it is not then paid, return 
 it us with protest. We assure you that these gentlemen 
 are indebted to us more than the amount of the bill; and 
 the only step we shall take, will be to recover our money 
 in the best way we can, 7 and close our account with 
 them immediately. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXVII. 
 
 To Leghorn. 
 
 London. 
 
 WE confirm our respects of the 16th, and have now to 
 reply to your favour of the 12th ult. Finding that you 
 are determined to have the two hundred pigs of lead, we 
 will certainly procure them, though the price is here very 
 high, and the export-duty 1 raised: of this circumstance 
 you are, perhaps, not aware, as it has lately taken place. 
 With regard to the cargo of sardinias, we do not think 
 
 6 btc ^ie gefafligft antutymen roerbetu 
 
 7 unfer elb auf &ie beftmogltcfype SSeife 
 
129 
 
 it can reach yon before the end of June, as the time re- 
 quired for packing and curing is considerable. 2 By the 
 same vessel we shall send you the two services of china 
 and the three crystal lustres; and concluding, from the 
 nature of the order, 3 that these articles are for private use, 
 we shall pay particular attention to the choice of them. 
 
 Your letter to Messrs. W. W. and Co. in Liverpool, 
 Las been forwarded, and we shall hand you the answer 
 we | receive. Your draft on N. and Co. is still unpaid. 
 These gentlemen wrote us yesterday a long letter on the 
 subject, stating some frivolous pretence 4 for withholding 
 their acceptance, which want of time will not permit us 
 to hand you a copy by this post; our next shall, however, 
 accompany it. If, as you say, they are really indebted 
 to you so much, we see nothing but absolute inability in 
 them to discharge it. 5 
 
 ' We remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXVIII. 
 
 To Leghorn. 
 
 London. 
 
 SiKCE our last of the . . . , we are deprived of your 
 esteemed favours. The present, therefore, is merely to 
 advise you, that Messrs. B. and Co. of Falmouth, have 
 written us under date of the ... instant, saying that they 
 thought it more prudent to defer the purchase of your 
 sardinias for a short time, as the quantity was now great 
 
 2 ba jum $ac!en unb (Stntegen (ginfa^en) triel 3eit 
 
 3 fca tt>ir au$ ber 5lrt be SlufttacjS fdjliefen. 
 
 4 fatyle 5lu8flud)te. 
 
 5 jo fetyen rotr blof abfoiuteS Unsermogen ber Satylung in 
 ityneru 
 
 9 
 
130 
 
 in the market, compared with the few orders on hand, 
 and they thought the price would rather fall than rise, as 
 the season is only just set in. 1 As we have a high opinion 
 of Messrs. B. and Co.'s experience in trade, we very much 
 approve their caution, and are convinced you will be 
 equally satisfied. We requested them to write us fre- 
 quently on the subject, and their advices shall be com- 
 municated to you occasionally, when we write to you. 
 
 We are already in treaty for 2 a vessel, which we think 
 likely to answer our purpose. We are still without an 
 answer from Messrs. W. W. and Co. on the subject of your 
 letter. The house of T. and Co. in Liverpool, mentioned 
 some time ago an intention of shipping herrings to your 
 quarter, so early as 3 the month of November last; but, 
 as we have not since heard on this head, we propose 
 making inquiries relative to it. 4 
 
 The prices of sugars and coffees have very much risen, 
 in consequence of the non-arrival 5 of an expected fleet, 
 which is supposed to have suffered in the late storms. 
 Russian produce remains totally unsaleable. 
 
 We are, with respect, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXIX. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Ley horn. 
 
 WE are in possession of your esteemed letters of the 
 7th and 18th ultimo, and thank you for the attention you 
 
 1 inbem Me Sett (be S3erfd)tffem>) nur erf* eingetreten fei. 
 
 2 nnt jtnt) fcereit in Unterfyantlung rcegen. 
 
 3 f$otu 
 
 4 fo molten @ie rcofyl tyieruber <rfunfcigungen 
 
 5 rcegen ni$t erfolgter Slnfunft 
 
131 
 
 invariably 1 pay to our interest; we are sorry however 
 that we cannot get the shipment of the sardinias so early 
 as we expected, as there are many orders issued from 
 this port, 2 and the earliest arrivals will have a great ad- 
 vantage. We beg you to mention this item 3 to Messrs. 
 B. and Co., and incite them 4 to hasten the purchase. 
 Were you to charter a ship immediately, it might prevent 
 delay in the shipment. 
 
 Pray give us your confidential opinion of the solidity 
 and character of Messrs. W. W. and Co. of Liverpool. 
 We believe them to be 5 honest men, and experienced 
 merchants, but that does not answer the first inquiry we 
 have already made. 6 We request the ship, with the sar- 
 dinias, may be addressed to the correspondents of the 
 owners, and the bills of lading made out to "order." 7 
 We have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXX. 
 
 To Leghorn. 
 
 London. 
 
 OUR last, which was of the 26th, will inform you, that 
 Messrs. B. and Co. in Falmouth, were in treaty for five 
 hundred barrels of sardinias, which they hoped to obtain. 
 We have since been advised by these gentlemen, that, as 
 the quality of the former parcel did not answer your 
 description, they had concluded a bargain for another of a 
 
 1 imafcdnberlid). 
 
 2 t>a tnele 5luftrdge son unferm afen au^ingen. 
 
 3 biefen spunft. 
 
 4 unt> fie cm^utreiben. 
 
 5 SBir fatten fie fur. 
 
 6 bocf) bamit if* unfere berettS fritter an fie gejMte Slnfrage 
 nicfyt erlebicjt 
 
 7 ttuf "rber," 
 
 9* 
 
132 
 
 ^ 
 
 superior kind, 1 which they have purchased at ... shillings 
 per barrel. Enclosed is the copy of their letter. In 
 consequence of this, we have engaged a very fine new 
 vessel, measuring about two hundred tons, and called the 
 Queen, Captain Hood, and he will proceed directly to 
 load the fish, lead, and tin. We had some difficulty in 
 prevailing on the owners to take the two hundred pigs 
 of lead on board without any separate clause, 2 but at 
 length we succeeded, upon the terms quoted at foot, 
 which, we hope, will meet your approbation. They may, 
 perhaps, be higher than you expect, 3 but, on account 
 of the scarcity of vessels in our port, we think ourselves 
 fortunate in getting one upon those. 4 Tin being more 
 easily procured, and cheaper at Falmouth, on account of 
 the vicinity of the mines, 5 we have given your order for 
 twenty-six barrels to Messrs. ;B. and Co., of which we 
 hope you will approve. The lead, we are informed, is 
 already on board; the five hundred barrels of sardinias 
 will soon be shipped; and no difficulty can arise in pro- 
 curing the tin. 
 
 We hope you will approve of what we have done. 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXL 
 
 To London. 
 
 Falmouth. 
 
 Uy the present we have the pleasure of advising you, for 
 
 1 t)on befferer 5lrt. 
 
 2 ofwe etne befonbere 
 
 3 S3ietlcic&t pnt> btefe iiber S^rc 
 
 4 einS bafoir er^alten gu ^abcn, 
 
 5 roegen ber 9^d^e ber 
 
133 
 
 the information of 1 our mutual friends Messrs. S. and Co., 
 of Leghorn, that the quality of the five hundred barrels 
 of sardinias which we intended to purchase, proved, on 
 examination, to be very inferior 2 to the description given 
 of them. We have accordingly given up the idea of pur- 
 chasing that parcel, and have succeeded in finding another 
 of the same quantity, and an excellent sort, which we 
 bought yesterday, at ... shillings . . . pence per barrel. 
 As soon as the ship comes round, 5 which is hourly expected, 
 we shall commence loading the lead, and, by the time 
 that is on board, the fish will be ready for delivery. 4 
 We trust this arrangement will have your consent, 6 
 and suit the convenience 6 of our Leghorn friends, whose 
 interest is as much consulted as our own. 7 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXII. 
 
 To Leghorn. 
 
 London. 
 
 1HE bearer 1 of the present is Captain Douglas, of the 
 Queen, the vessel by which you are to receive five 
 hundred barrels of sardinias, two hundred pigs of lead, 
 
 1 jur 5ftarf)nrf)t fur. 
 
 2 tnel geringet. 
 
 3 fobalb ba$ 0djtff Return* fommt. 
 
 4 unb rcenn btc an 23orb tfi, roerben au$ bie gtfd&e gur 
 3lblteferung berett fein. 
 
 5 SDiefe (gtnrtcfytung nnrb tyoffentttd) Styren 23etfafl 
 
 6 genefym fein. 
 
 7 beren Sntereffe nrir nrie unfer etgeneS anfetyen. 
 
 1 Uebetbrtnger. 
 
 * 2). t. urn bie Sanbftf^e (Lizard Point) b Salmoutty; to* 
 
 eon 
 
134 
 
 and twenty-six barrels of tin, on the conditions of the 
 enclosed charter-party, and the several agreements made 
 between ourselves. The ship is obliged, by her articles 
 of charter, 2 to go to your address, a circumstance which 
 it was not in our power to alter; we therefore hope it 
 will make no difference to you. For all other particulars 
 we beg your reference to our letters by post, particularly 
 our last of the ... inst. 3 
 
 We remain respectfully &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXIII. 
 
 To Leghorn. 
 
 London. 
 
 WE beg leave to confirm our last respects to you of ... 
 current, 1 forwarded by Captain Douglas, of the Queen, 
 and annexed is a copy of it to serve in case of need. 2 
 
 Enclosed you will receive the bills of lading and in- 
 voices of the goods, which have the goodness to examine, 
 and, if correct, credit us for three hundred and ninety- 
 six pounds fourteen shillings and nine pence sterling, 
 against the shipment of lead; and, if you accept the tin 
 for your account, we debit you four hundred and six 
 pounds five shillings and one penny. 
 
 To reimburse ourselves for these purchases we have 
 drawn on you this day, at three months' date, to our 
 own order, as follows: 
 
 P. 1000 
 Ditto 885 9 8 
 
 2 na$ ben Slrttfeln, ttelcfye ber gra$t=(ontract en$dlt. 
 
 3 ... finb roir fo fret, <aie auf .,, $ 
 
 1 SSir bepdtigen unfer IcfcteS <Srf>reiben t?om ... b. 2Rt$. 
 
 2 unb fugen bem egenrodrttgen fur ben 9lot$fatt etne <opie 
 
 bet. 
 
Stt 
 
 together, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-five 
 pezzas, nine reali, and eight soldi, and, at the exchange 
 oi fifty pence sterling per pezza, we credit you for these 
 drafts in ^ ... sterling : this sum is against the lead, and 
 for payment of the tin, we request you to send us its 
 value in coral 3 of the finest colour. The lustres are not 
 yet finished, and, consequently, cannot go hy the Queen; 
 we have complained of this delay to the manufacturer, 
 who assures us that it is unavoidable, 4 on account of the 
 difficulty of procuring the materials. We shall send them 
 by the first ship after the Queen to your port. Our 
 exchanges remain much the same, 5 Leghorn 51d. Genoa 
 49d. and Naples 43 l / 2 d. 
 
 We are, with esteem, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXIV. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Leghorn. 
 
 WE have received your sundry esteemed favours of ... 
 and ... tilt., and thank you for your activity in charter- 
 ing the Queen, Captain Douglas: the terms are, upon 
 the whole, sufficiently moderate, 1 though not quite so 
 low as we expected. We daily look for the arrival of 
 Captain Douglas here, as we calculate he will have no 
 delay at Falmouth further than the time necessary for 
 receiving the goods on board. 3 You have not mentioned 
 
 3 
 
 4 unttermetfcltcfj. 
 
 5 bletben faft t>iefeU>en. 
 
 t utt (SJatt^en gcnommen 
 
 2 alS baS Slufnetymen t>er Outer not^ig mad)t. 
 
136 
 
 a word about the insurance which we directed you to 
 transfer to Mr. H. of Bristol: this circumstance is of 
 consequence, and must not be neglected to be done 
 immediately on receipt of this letter. Your drafts 
 against the shipment of lead will meet due honour; our 
 next will, we hope, advise the arrival of the same. 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXV. 
 
 To Leghorn. 
 
 London. 
 
 WE confirm our last letter of the 5th inst., and are 
 since favoured with your esteemed lines of the 24th of 
 May. We are still without advice from Messrs. B. and 
 Co. relative to the departure 1 * of the Queen, at which 
 we are the more surprised, as many of our more recent 
 letters to them have been answered. As soon as we re- 
 ceive intelligence 2 on the subject, you shall immediately 
 be advised. The order for insurance was regularly 
 transmitted to Bristol, though we omitted mentioning it 
 to you. 
 
 Having to-day an opportunity of drawing to advan- 
 tage, we have taken the liberty of valuing on you, at 
 three months, three thousand pezzas; order and value 
 of E. R., 3 to which we beg your protection, at the 
 exchange of fifty pence sterling per pezza: we have 
 credited you in ... sterling, which please to examine, 
 and if correct, pass in conformity. 
 
 We are respectfully, &c. 
 
 1 toegen beS 5ibgange$. 
 
 2 $KacJjri3)t. 
 
 3 fo fyaben nrir un$ bte greifyett genommen, ,,, auf >te ab- 
 jugeben. 
 
137 
 
 P. S. Since writing the above, we have received 
 advice from our friends at Falmouth, that the ship has 
 arrived in safety, and will be ready for sea in the course 
 of a few days. 4 Enclosed is a list of the sundry vessels 
 bound for your port, 5 with sardinias from Falmouth, as 
 also the quantity which each carries: as this supply is too 
 inconsiderable to influence your market, we hope to find 
 that yours have turned to good account. 
 
 LETTER CXXVI. 
 
 To Leghorn. 
 
 London, 
 
 WE confirm our last in all its contents, and have now 
 the pleasure of handing you the invoices of two chests 
 of hardware which are shipped to your address for our 
 account per the Queen. For their amount be kind enough 
 to credit us two hundred pounds, and, on arrival of the 
 ship, you will receive these goods, and inform us of 
 their condition. Annexed you will find the documents of 
 your articles, and, to balance their amount, we have 
 drawn on you to-day, at three months, and to our own 
 order 2000, say two thousand pezzas, at the exchange 
 of fifty and a half pence, making sterling ..., to 
 which we beg your protection. 1 We have been informed 
 from Falmouth that no more sardinias have been shipped 
 to your port, which of course is a material circumstance 
 in your favour. 2 Our market remains without much 
 
 4 unb in etnigen agen bereft fetn ttnrb, nneber in @ee ju 
 getyen. 
 
 5 Snliegenb (tft) ein SBergeicfymfi ber tterfc&iebenen na$ Styrera 
 4?afen beftimmten @<$tffe. 
 
 1 benen nnr Sfyren <$u erbttten. 
 
 t ein fur Styren SSort^etl fe&r gunjttger Urajfcwb. 
 
138 
 
 alteration, 3 as will appear from the prices we quote at 
 foot. Our exchanges are also the same, though we 
 think that on your place likely to rise, which would have 
 made a considerable difference to you had we deferred 
 our drafts. 4 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 * 
 
 LETTER CXXVII. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Leghorn. 
 
 WE have received your esteemed letters of the . . . 
 and . . . , and thank you for your consignment of two 
 casks of hardware. Your sundry drafts have made their 
 appearance , and were all accepted before your advice 
 reached us. We are concerned to find that the ship had 
 not sailed at the date of your last, and we think the 
 delay was unnecessary. 
 
 The list you sent us has proved very useful, and we 
 thank Messrs. B. and Co. for the hints given. 1 Pray 
 exert yourselves to hasten the departure of the Q,ueen, a 
 if, contrary to our expectations, she should be still in 
 port. We will thank you for the prices of Italian oil in. 
 your market. 3 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 3 ofyne grofe SScrdnberung. 
 
 4 bod) finb rotr berSftetmmg, ba$ ber(our auf3$rem gjla&c 
 fyofyer gefyen retrb, unb tft eSunS beSfyalb lieb unfere Sratten 
 ouf ie nicfyt aufgefcfyoben ju ^abcn. 
 
 J fur btc gegebenen 2Stnfe. 
 
 e anurcenbett bie 5lBretfe bc d^iffrt &u 
 
 3 burd) bie Slnjeige ber $reife t)on italtcnif^cm )ete auf S^t 
 merben @tc unS banfbar 
 
139 
 LETTER CXXVffl. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Leghorn. 
 
 our last we have been agreeably surprised by the 
 arrival of the Queen, which appeared in our harbour on 
 the 3d inst., and much earlier than the tenor of your 
 last advices gave us to expect. 1 The goods are in our 
 hands, and, we are happy to say, fully justify your 
 description of them. 3 We keep your hardware until you 
 authorise us to dispose of them. We have passed to 
 your credit the amount of the sundry invoices, and de- 
 bited you for your drafts. As we are without any intel- 
 ligence from the Liverpool house you recommended to us, 
 we conclude they are unwilling to enter into the proposed 
 agreement: pray give them a hint on this head. We 
 have it in contemplation 3 to make you some consignments 
 of Italian produce, particularly oil, during the ensuing 
 summer, 4 and therefore beg to know what advances yotr 
 are willing to make us. It is usual to draw one half or 
 two thirds on sending bill of lading. 5 In expectation of 
 your reply, we remain, &c. 
 
 . 1 met fritter al un5 ber Sntyalt Styret Ie|ten 23eri$te errcar* 
 ten liefL 
 
 2 SBir ftnb im 23eft ber uter tmb e& freut un$, bafi bie 
 felben Sfyre S3efd)retbung ttotti^ red&tferttgem 
 
 3 SBir fceabfid)ttgem 
 
 4 im nacfyften ommer. 
 
 5 (6 ift geroofynlirf), lie affte, ober jroet ^rtttt^eire com 
 
 bet Crinfenbtmcj be$ (SonnoffementS. 
 
140 
 LETTER CXXIX. 
 
 To Leghorn. 
 
 London. 
 
 WE bave received your esteemed favour of the . . . , 
 and are happy to learn the safe arrival of the Queen, 
 and also that her cargo was in a sound condition. 1 We 
 thank you for the prompt honour shown to our drafts, 3 
 and for any consignments you make us we shall gladly 
 accept your drafts for two thirds of the amount. 
 
 At foot are the prices of our import articles, 5 and we 
 shall be glad if they merit attention. Should you find 
 any articles turn out well upon a calculation, 4 you may 
 reserve the nett proceeds of our two cases of hardware 
 for a share in your shipments, 5 which we shall be happy 
 to take; otherwise we beg you to sell them immediately, 
 and remit us the amount. Gallipoly oil is worth . . . 
 per tun, 6 and has not declined, notwithstanding several 
 large importations. We think a good quality of this [likely 
 to answer well; the inferior sorts are not inquired for, as, 
 from the nature of the consumption, only the finest can 
 be used. We have not mentioned any thing further to 
 the house of T. and Co. of Liverpool; as we think you 
 offered them every facility which reason could grant or 
 justice demand, 7 and, as they are not content with it, we 
 would not trouble ourselves further in writing to them. 
 
 1 ... fo uric bte gute 23efd)affenfyeit ber Sabung barau6 gu 
 erfefyen. 
 
 2 gur trie bereitnnUtge 2lnnafyme unferer ratfen banfen tt>ir 
 
 3 
 
 4 ber bet Calculation etnen 9?u|en tterfprtcfyt, 
 
 5 fur eincn Zfytil Sfyrer SSerlabung. 
 
 6 ttrirb mit . , . pr. Sonne notirt. 
 
 7 welc&en 23entunft benrifltQen unb (Seredjttgfetf forbcrn fotwte. 
 
141 
 
 As it is our earnest wish to see our correspondence 
 enlivened, we shall have no objection to join you in a 
 shipment of Gallipoly oil, 8 provided our share does not 
 exceed fifteen tuns, and you can get it at ... per tun, 
 and freight at ... . We must also request, if bought, 
 it may be shipped in an English vessel; the insurance we 
 shall, on advice of the shipment, do here. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXX. 
 
 To London. 
 
 St. Petersburg^ 
 
 WE are honoured with your favour of the 3d ult. , and 
 observe with pleasure that our advices are acceptable, and 
 have been serviceable. We therefore take the liberty of 
 continuing them, 1 enclosing at the same time a price-cur- 
 rent for your inspection. 
 
 We shall confine ourselves chiefly to our advices of 
 produce, which we observe to interest you most, and he- 
 gin with hemp: the demand for that article is but trifling, 
 and the contracting price 2 of it in course 3 unusually low; 
 only Rs. 34 are given in ready money, a price so remark- 
 ably depressed 4 that speculators must be encouraged 
 to purchase, particularly so from the uncertainty of the 
 result 5 of the pending negociations between two great 
 
 8 SSir rounfcfyen recfyt fefyr unfere (orrefponi>en ju beleben unb 
 finb beSfyalb autf) nid)t abgenetgt &l)?il an etner abung 
 altpoli'DcI $u nefymen, 
 
 \ bag unfere SSertcfyte angencfym unb nu|ltdfe geroefen finb, 
 rocSfyalb tt)ir fie fottjufefcen un3 bie greifyett nefymen. 
 
 2 &eferung$='ipm$, 
 
 3 folgltd). 
 
 4 ein fo merfrourbtg nicbrtcjer 
 
 5 befonberS bei ber Ungeroiffyeit 
 
142 
 
 powers, which creates a probability that the demand may 
 shortly increase, and the prices will, of course, be con- 
 siderably enhanced. 6 The stock on hand is very great, 
 and any quality can with ease be procured. We would 
 earnestly recommend a speculalion in this article: even 
 should you not be inclined to bring it to a foreign market, 
 we think you would run no risk by commissioning us to 
 purchase for your account a considerable quantity to be 
 kept here ; and re-sold when a certain per centage could 
 be realized, 7 or you should please to dispose of it other- 
 wise. We have now a few commissions of this nature on 
 hand, 8 and are enabled, by our superior connexions, to 
 execute them on terms advantageous to our employers; 9 
 we are, however, of opinion, that this article will shortly 
 look up, 10 at least the exchange will certainly rise, as 
 the shipping season approaches; and, if you intend to 
 purchase, and delay giving us your orders, it will natu- 
 rally stand you dearer. 11 
 
 Novogorod flax has been sold at Rs. 75 on the spot, 
 and at three or four rubles less if bought upon contract 
 deliverable in six months: 12 this price will go higher, as 
 nothing of consequence is expected from the last crop; 
 this article, however, is less variable than hemp, and con- 
 sequently less likely to realize a great profit: by your 
 
 6 unb folgttcf) ber $ret$ betrdcfytlidj auffcfylagen rcirb. 
 
 7 fobalb em ftrfjerer (SSeroinn $u erreic&en rodre. 
 
 8 tt>ir fyaben eintge 3luftrdge ber 3lrt in $dnben. 
 
 9 (Sommtttenferu 
 
 10 bag biefer 5lrtifcl binnen ^uqem in bte $6fye Qtfyn ttrirb. 
 
 11 foUten <Ste ba|>er ju faufen beabftcfyttgen, 3$te Suffrage $u 
 geben aber jogern, fo burfte Sfynen ber 5lrttfel naturltcfy 
 ttyeurer $u pefyen fommen. 
 
 12 auf Contract in 6 2ftonat p Itefern. 
 
143 
 
 last quotations, however, we see that our present price 
 would turn out extremely well against yours, and therefore 
 think something might be done to advantage by buying 
 immediately two or three thousand bobbins 13 for shipping 
 in the spring. 
 
 Tallow is among the articles which may be reckoned 
 high at present, many of our first English houses having 
 bought up immense quantities. This is, however, a mere 
 temporary rise, and no criterion of the price, 14 for, as 
 considerable quantities are shortly expected down, the ar- 
 ticle must fall to its due standard. 15 
 
 Yellow candle-tallow 16 is worth Rs. . . . 
 White ditto, Rs ---- 
 Soap ditto, Rs ..... 
 
 Potashes are worthy your attention, as we are inform- 
 ed that very inconsiderable supplies have come to your 
 market from other quarters, a circumstance not as yet 
 known here, but, we fear, will obtain publicity before your 
 orders could possibly reach us: we wait your limits, and 
 every exertion on our part shall be used to procure you 
 the best goods at market. 
 
 For our prices of Flemish linens, 17 sail-cloth, &c. you 
 will please to consult the annexed list: should any of the 
 articles we have alluded to meet your wishes, we shall 
 consider ourselves peculiarly fortunate, and, in entrusting 
 your orders to our care, we beg to recommend the great- 
 est despatch on your part, on account of the great fluctua- 
 
 13 23unbet (son ungefdtyr 100 
 
 14 etn blejj temposdreS 6tetgen unb feme SKtcfytfcfynur be* 
 
 15 auf fcinen geroofynlicfyen ^tanbpunft fatten, 
 
 16 (Mber Sic^Salg. 
 
 17 mebertdnbifdfjer. Eeinroanb. 
 
144 
 
 tions at times in our market, 18 and assure you of our best 
 attention to your interest. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXXI. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Bremen. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I OLITICAL circumstances have produced a stagnation 1 !n 
 our correspondence for some months past; unavoidable, 
 however, from motives of prudence. The present being 
 the first opportunity that has occurred, we have eagerly 
 embraced it, and wait on you with the following order 
 for insurance, 2 to be effected by you for our account, with 
 respectable and solid underwriters, and on the lowest terms, 
 viz: 
 : 2000. Say Two thousand pounds sterling upon the 
 
 ship the Shepherd, Captain Daniel Slom, 
 
 under Danish colours, from Hamburgh to 
 
 Cadiz, and 
 
 1500. Say One thousand five hundred pounds sterling 
 - upon linens for Hamburgh account, per the 
 3500. above ship: 3 the vessel, according to the 
 
 last letters from Hamburgh, was expected 
 
 to sail about the . . . inst. 
 
 Requesting you to effect this order immediately on re- 
 ceipt of this letter, 
 
 We remain respectfully, &c. 
 
 18 unb &tt?ar wecjen bcS ofteren bebeutenfcen ^$tt>an?cn un* 
 ferer 
 
 1 
 
 2 um Sfynen folgenben 5lffccuranj5luftrag ju geben, 
 
 3 am 23ort> obigen 0$tffeS, 
 
145 
 LETTER CXXXIL 
 
 To Bremen 
 
 London. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 I AM favoured with your letter of the 10th, and observe 
 with pleasure your good and friendly intentions towards 
 me, and your readiness to give a greater degree of acti- 
 vity to our intercourse 1 than circumstances have for some 
 time permitted, 
 
 I have effected the insurance per the Shepherd, Captain 
 Slom, at eight guineas per cent, and annexed account of the 
 same, and for which you will please to credit my account. 
 ] found it impossible to effect it at a lower premium, the 
 dread of the French privateers 2 here being so very great 
 as to have caused a general rise of one to two and a half 
 per cent, on all vessels going that track. 3 
 
 1 remain, &c. 
 
 Account of Insurance against all risks on the ship Shep- 
 
 herd, Captain Daniel Slom, under Danish colours, and 
 
 on part of the cargo of the same vessel, from Hamburgh 
 
 to Cadiz, for account of Messrs. ... , of Bremen, viz. 
 
 2000. On the ship, and 
 
 1500. On Linen. 
 
 3500. At eight guineas per cent. . . . 
 Commission on 3500, y a per cent. 
 Policy on ditto, 4 3 / 4 per cent. . , 
 
 Errors excepted. 
 London, Febr. , 1848. 
 
 A. B. 
 
 1 unfcrm SSerfeI;r etnen ^)6t;ern rab Don 
 
 2 tie Jurcfyt t>or ben franjojiftfyen (Eupern. 
 
 3 toelrfje auf jene @trape el;en. 
 
 4 auf fel&e, 
 
 10 
 
146 
 
 LETTER CXXXIII. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Bremen. 
 
 WE were duly favoured with your letter of the . . . , 
 covering invoice of insurance on the Shepherd, the 
 amount of which, . . . , we have placed to your credit. 
 We are sorry to find that you could not procure it lower 
 than eight guineas; nevertheless we are convinced you 
 acted for the best. 1 We sincerely hope that you have 
 been careful in your choice of underwriters, that being a 
 principal object in your country: we do not mean solely 
 in regard to. their solidity, but that they should be 
 reasonable and considerate men, and averse from litigation 
 in case of a loss, 2 We, however, rely upon your having 
 selected such men on the policy as you would have taken 
 had it been your own insurance. 
 
 AVe remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXXIV. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Bremen. 
 
 OUR last respects were of the . . . , and we have been 
 anxiously expecting some accounts of the vessel, the 
 Shepherd, until by the medium of the French newspapers, 
 we> at length, learn 1 that Captain Slom has been taken 
 by a French privateer, and carried into Havre. 2 On 
 
 ttjaten. 
 
 2 ,., tmb rounfcfyen, bafi fte nid)t aflein foltb, fonbern aud) 
 geinbe ttom Sprocefpren tm gafle etnes 23er(ufte$ fetn molten. 
 
 1 MS rotr enbltc^ t>ermtttelfl ber franjoftf^en 3eitung erfatyren. 
 
 2 bafii <apttan * burd) . , genommen, unb nac^) aore auf* 
 gebradjt iporbcn ift 
 
147 
 
 receiving this unwelcome intelligence, we immediately 
 wrote to the captain at that place, expressing our sur- 
 prise that he never sent us a single line since the day 
 of his sailing. We conceive it our duty 3 you should be 
 apprized of every circumstance that comes to our know- 
 ledge on this head, and now request you will have the 
 goodness to communicate this event to your underwriters, 
 and to notify at the same time that we totally abandon 4 
 the 3500 effected by you on ship and goods, to them. 
 The documents respecting the capture we cannot -yet 
 transmit to you, but shall do so the moment we receive 
 them from Captain Slom, who has our orders to forward 
 them to us immediately. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 } LETTER CXXXV. 
 
 To Bremen. 
 
 London. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 IN reply to your favour of the ... I beg to inform you 
 that I have communicated to the underwriters the event 
 of the capture of the Shepherd, notifying moreover to 
 them 1 that you totally abandon your interest in the 
 concern. They have, in a body, 2 given me for answer, 
 that no abandonment can take place of either a ship or 
 goods, whereof no intelligence has been received, before 
 a certain period; namely, before the expiration of twelve 
 months; whereas only four months have elapsed since 
 
 3 2Btr erac^ten e fur unfre @c!juft>tg?eit. 
 
 4 ganoid) abanbonmren, 
 
 1 inbem ic^ ttynen norf) uberbte melbete, 
 
 2 em fur aUe Sftal, 
 
 10* 
 
148 
 
 the day of sailing. 8 And moreover that the abandonment 
 cannot possibly take place at any period as long as the 
 assertion of the fact of the capture is founded upon the 
 mere report of a French newspaper. And, finally, that 
 without authentic documents they will not interfere. This, 
 Gentlemen, is a declaration just, legal, and founded upon 
 the laws of reason and general experience; 4 hence it 
 becomes obviously necessary to procure judicial and 
 authentic certificates of the capture, verified upon the 
 oath of the captain and crew, 5 and then, with such 
 proofs in hand, I do not doubt of your success in re- 
 covering of the underwriters, who are all men of well- 
 known and respectable characters. 
 
 I remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXXVI. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Bremen. 
 
 WE have before us your favour of the ... ,* and have 
 carefully perused the observations and objections made 
 by your insurers, which we acknowledge are, for the 
 greater part, plausible, 2 and such as we will not now 
 attempt to controvert, 8 our system of acting not being 
 
 3 ba fyincjegen nur erft 4 SJlonate , , , uerffofien feien, 
 
 4 eine btflige, red)tlitf)e unb auf bte efefce bet SSermwft 
 unt> (rfaf)nmg cjecjrunbete Gnrfldrung. 
 
 5 ttom (Sapitdn unb @d&tp*S3otf etblirf) befrafttcjte Certificate. 
 
 1 -2Sir tyaben Sfyr ee^rteS t>om . . (jur 23eanttt>ortung) 
 oor un$. 
 
 2 sulafitfl. 
 
 3 bej!reiten, 
 
149 
 
 founded on the principle of chicane. We have finally 
 succeeded in procuring the most authentic documents, 
 after having surmounted 4 great difficulties, and have now 
 the pleasure to transmit them enclosed, and hope that 
 this disagreeable business will find an amicable termination. 
 We cannot now see what objections your underwriters 
 can attempt to make with any pretensions to justice, 
 and we trust to your exertions for the attainment of our 
 object. 5 Rather than have the business long in dispute, 
 we would submit to a small deduction upon the whole; 
 nay, even a loss of ten per cent, would be preferable to 
 a lawsuit. 6 We, therefore, authorize you to propose 
 these terms for the ready settlement. 7 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXXVII. 
 
 To Bremen. 
 
 London. 
 
 AGREEABLY to the instructions contained in your last, 
 1 have made your claim upon the underwriters, 1 by 
 laying before them the documents you transmitted me. 
 I am very sorry to inform you that the underwriters 
 have pronounced the papers to be insufficient, 2 and con- 
 sider them as defective in the formalities usual and re- 
 quisite for substantiating the fact and authorizing a claim 
 
 4 bejteat. 
 
 5 ^u (rret$utig unfereS BroeefeS. 
 
 6 Sm ftf)ltmmftcn gafle nwrfcen rctr autf) em fletneS )pfer 
 bringen unt> felbft einen SSerUtft oon 10% einem 
 
 7 btcfe SBeMngungeri ju etncm baibtgen SSergletcfy t>orsuf<$!agen. 
 
 1 l)abe tdj bte 23erfirf)erer fur <Sie in 2lnfprud& genommen, 
 
 2 fur un$ulan0lic& erflart. 
 
150 
 
 of this nature. 8 There are several points relative to the 
 capture which they positively insist on having cleared 
 up, before they will listen to any conditions; the docu- 
 ments they principally require are, first, "An attested 
 copy of the bills of lading, and all the other ship's 
 papers." And secondly, "the captain's oath that there 
 was no property on board belonging to any subjects of 
 the powers at war with France." I foresee that this affair 
 will be tedious and irksome. 4 The underwriters have 
 lately suffered so much, that they have come to a re- 
 solution not to admit any claim unless the most satis- 
 factory evidence proves that the transaction is fair and 
 just; and though the legality 5 of your insurance is un- 
 questionable, yet I would not advise you to proceed by 
 force, for a lawsuit is, at best, but uncertain, expensive 
 to a degree, will protract the settlement, and may avail 
 you nothing. 5 " I have proposed a sacrifice, on your part, 
 of 25 per cent, which they are willing to accept, bul I 
 dare not give my absolute consent until I receive your 
 definitive orders, which I beg you will have the goodness 
 to communicate to me by return of post. The allowance 
 1 would earnestly advise you to grant, and then it will 
 be terminated at once: on my part I assure you I have 
 used every exertion; every remonstrance that reason 
 could suggest or activity employ, 7 but in vain, as they 
 
 3 tie $ur arlegung ber <Sad)e, unb $ur Hutorifatioh eines 
 2Infprurf)S btefer Slrt, ttetlancjt roetben. 
 
 4 langnmlig unb oerbriefilicfy. 
 
 5 SRecfytmdfngfeit. 
 
 6 benn ein 5)rocef tft im fceften gatte nut ungeftrifii unb 
 fpteltg, oeqogert ben SSergletd), it. 
 
 7 jebe SSorjhtfonfl, roeld&e bie S3ernunft etngeben unb 
 feit anwenbcn fonnte. 
 
151 
 
 would not listen to any settlement except on the above 
 conditions. 
 
 Had political circumstances allowed the capture to 
 have been satisfactorily attested, no demur 8 would have 
 taken place, and you should have been in possession of 
 your funds long before this time. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXXV1II. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Bremen. 
 
 WE acknowledge the receipt of your favour of the ... 
 inst., and are, we confess, astonished to observe the 
 unfair and unreasonable grounds upon which your un- 
 derwriters have refused to make good our claim. 1 When 
 they consider the impossibility of procuring the specified 
 documents in the present situation of the political world, 
 we trust, under your representations, they will have 
 sufficient candour 2 to allow that our assertions cannot 
 possibly be better founded. In inspecting those already 
 produced, can any man of unbiased judgment 3 deny the 
 fact of the capture? Nay, the circumstance of their 
 agreeing to pay under a certain deduction (enormous and 
 unjust as it is) is, at once, a proof of their acknowledging 
 the debt. The sacrifice of five-and-twenty per cent, is a 
 shameful and most unfair demand; but to show you how 
 much inclined we are to accommodate, we request you 
 
 8 Sfoffaub. 
 
 1 unfere 5lnfprucfye fur gultig anjuerfennen. 
 
 2 SBiUigfett cjenug. 
 
 3 t?on unpartetifd&em Urtfyeil, 
 
152 
 
 will offer to them to settle the affair by a just arbitration 
 of any two individuals of respectable character upon your 
 exchange; of these, one may be chosen by the opposite 
 party, but the other must be selected by you. This 
 proposal we have made from a desire to have the affair 
 finished, to which we would contribute by every, fair 
 accession. 4 We entreat it may be done as soon as 
 possible, and let us have, in a few posts, the termination 
 of this unfortunate affair. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXXXIX. 
 
 To Bremen. 
 
 London. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 1 URSUANT to the instructions contained in your favour 
 of the . . . ultimo , I waited on the underwriters on the 
 policy per the Shepherd, and proposed to them the 
 settlement of our dispute by arbitration. This being an 
 alternative 1 to which no one, however conscious of being 
 in the wrong, can refuse his consent, they readily ac- 
 cepted it, and chose, on their part, Mr. W. P., and I 
 nominated Mr. J. A. as your umpire, 2 two gentlemen 
 equally esteemed for their integrity as men, and experience 
 as merchants. 
 
 The result of their conference has been, that you 
 are only entitled to the average of eighty-live per cent. 
 
 4 rooju roir gem retltclj bettragen 
 
 1 9Utetnatit>e (notfyroenbige SSa^l jtoifdjen $ttei >tngen). 
 2 
 
153 
 
 on account of the circumstances of the capture. To this 
 decision I thought myself bound to agree, and accordingly 
 accepted of the usual reimbursement given by under- 
 writers; namely, good bills at three months 5 date. 
 
 It gives me sincere pleasure to see it ended thus, and 
 I feel confident you will not be less satisfied. Enclosed 
 you will receive the average account, 3 which I have 
 hastily prepared, knowing your impatience to receive it: 
 if found correct, place to my debit the nett proceeds in. 
 . . . , which I shall hold at your disposal when in 
 cash, 4 and will either remit you the amount, or accept 
 your drafts or those of your friends for the sum. Should 
 you think proper to receive returns immediately in such 
 goods as are sold here on three months' credit, I shall 
 be glad of your orders without loss of time, as it is now 
 in my power to make several cheap purchases. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 London. 
 
 Account of general average and settlement 1 with the 
 underwriters of the under-mentioned sums, insured for 
 account of Messrs. ... , in Bremen, upon the ship and 
 part of the cargo of the Shepherd, Captain Daniel 
 Slom, taken 2 by a French privateer upon her passage 
 from Hamburgh to Cadiz, under Danish colours; left, 
 by mutual consent of both parties, to the arbitration 
 of Messrs. W. P. and J. A., 5 whose decision condemns 
 
 3 
 
 4 nad) 
 
 1 bcr aflgemetnen at>erei unb beS 
 
 2 aufgebracfyt 
 
 3 butcfy gegenfetttge Ginunlttgimg better $)arteien bem 2Iu$ 
 fprud) . . . uberlafjen. 
 
154 
 
 the underwriters to the indemnification of eighty-fire 
 per cent, upon the sum insured; vi&. 
 2000 on the ship, and 
 1500 on linen, per ditto 
 
 3500 at eighty-five per cent 
 
 Deduct 4 
 
 Commission, 2 per cent. 
 Brokerage, V 2 do 
 Postages and stamps . . 
 
 Nett proceeds due 
 Errors excepted. 
 
 LETTER CXL. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Bremen. 
 Sir, 
 
 WE are favoured with your much esteemed letter of 
 the ... , enclosing the average account of our loss per 1 
 the Shepherd. With your activity and exertions in the 
 adjustment 2 of this unpleasant affair we have every rea- 
 son to be satisfied, yet regret that they did not avail more 
 than the decision you have obtained. We, however, ab- 
 hor caviling, 3 and hasten to confirm your account. In 
 order to put a total end to the affair, we have desired 
 our friends Messrs. W. W. of Lisbon, to value on you 
 
 4 getyt ab. 
 
 \ ffcatt by. 
 
 2 S3eitcQung. 
 
 3 ir tterabfd&euen inbejfen treittgfeitem 
 
155 
 
 the amount, at three months' date from the present, 4 In 
 order to fall due when you are In cash. Our principal 
 inducement 5 to make this operation is, a small profit 
 which it leaves us in the exchange, so as a little to di- 
 minish the loss of fifteen per cent. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 
 
 LETTER CXLL 
 
 To Bremen. 
 
 London. 
 
 I AM favoured with yours of the ... , and observe your 
 acquiescence to the adjustment of the loss per Shepherd. 1 
 The drafts of your Lisbon friends for the balance shall 
 receive due protection to your debit at maturity. 2 I am 
 happy to find you will profit somewhat by the Lisbon 
 exchange; and whenever an operation of that sort is 
 practicable here, 1 beg leave to offer my services upon 
 that as well as any other occasion, being very sincere- 
 ly, &c. s 
 
 LETTER CXLII. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Lisbon. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 1 HE present serves to inform you that by order and for 
 account of our friends Messrs. ... , of Bremen, we have 
 
 4 brei SJlonat nad) bato be$ (Segenwdrtigen. 
 
 5 auptgrunb, 
 
 1 ftatt by the Shepherd, (roenn bie ^artifel per gebrauc^t 
 roitb, fann ber 5lrttfcl the roegfatten), 
 
 2 fetncr 3eit. 
 
 3 inbem icfy aufricfyttg bin, :c. 
 
156 
 
 drawn upon you under date of the . . . inst. the sum of 
 eleven thousand four hundred and twelve milreas, and 
 two hundred and ninety-five reas, say Ms. 11412.. 295, 
 at sixty-one pence sterling per milrea, to the order of 
 P. C. K. at three months' date, which draft you will have 
 the kindness to accept and understand with our above- 
 named friends for the amount. 1 ^ 
 Always at your service, we are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXLIII. 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 Bourdeaux. 
 
 IT is with particular pleasure 1 observe in your letter of 
 the . . . (which brings me the documents of the ship Ve- 
 nus), that you have succeeded in obtaining forty thou- 
 sand francs from the privateer 1 Les Voleurs, and thirty 
 thousand more from Le Brigand: I now entertain some 
 hopes 2 of seeing the matter settled soon, though it should 
 be accompanied with the unpleasant intelligence that the 
 brandy will not fetch more than fifty thousand francs 3 a 
 sum equivalent to only half its intrinsic value. 4 In any 
 probable event, I must content myself to bear an enor- 
 mous loss; though it is superfluous to add 5 that whatever 
 steps you take in this affair will be sanctioned by the 
 approbation of your humble servant, &c. 
 
 1 imb ji$ mit unfern obengenannten greunben uber ben 23e 
 trag ju bcrectynen, 
 
 1 Gaperer. 
 
 2 5$ ndfyre je|t etntge 4?offnung. 
 
 3 bag ber (Srtrag be$ 23 tannin) einS nid)t me^r alS ... fcf. 
 
 4 eine @umme, bie nur ber difte be etgentU^en SBert^ed 
 Qletd) fommt. 
 
 5 Sn jebem gafle mug trf) gefajjt fetn etnen ungetyeuern 2toluj* 
 ju tragen* &um UeberflufTe fiige ic^ noc^ ^inju f tc. 
 
157 
 
 LETTER CXL1V. 
 
 To Bourdeauoc. 
 
 Lubec. 
 
 WHEN upon the point 1 of announcing the unwelcome 
 tidings of the condemnation of my cargo of brandies by 
 the Civil Tribunal 2 of . . . , I was favoured with your 
 letter of the . . . , informing me that Mr. L. had trans^ 
 mitted you a copy of the judgment. 3 I confess that I 
 have often indulged very severe reflections upon the in- 
 sufficiency of the French laws, and the little redress they 
 grant to sufferers in prize-causes, 4 when much less in- 
 terested in the subject than I am now; but regret will 
 avail me nothing where active measures must be taken. 5 
 According to your opinion,, there is every appearance 
 that the civil tribunals will decide in conformity with the 
 judgment of the French consul at ... . However, in 
 order to avoid the effects of my responsibility 6 towards 
 the underwriters, I request you will take every step ne- 
 cessary for bringing the cause to a hearing before the 
 Tribunal of Cassation. 7 I shall immediately write to my 
 underwriters at Bremen and Amsterdam, demanding their 
 further directions, which shall be forwarded to you on 
 
 1 2tt id) im 23egriff tt>ar. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 tie fie fcem Serlterenben im $rifen--^roccf genwfyren. 
 
 5 too man tfydttge Sftafregeln nefjmen mug. 
 
 6 SSerantroortlicpeit. 
 
 7 @affation'4?f (em dkrtcfyt, rcelcfyeS fcfycn son anbern e 
 ri$t6*$6fen gefaflte Slecfyts^prudje in fyodjfter unb letter 
 Snpanj nocfymalS unterfucfyt unt> befintttt) entfcfyetbet, roobet 
 t>ie 23et$eiligten ficfy gu beru^igen fyaben), 
 
158 
 
 receipt; meanwhile the appeal 8 ought not to be neglected. 
 Pray exert yourself to the utmost for my interest, as my 
 sole reliance is on your care. 9 The documents, contain- 
 ing the proofs adduced in the pamphlet of Mr. M. on 
 this case, 10 you will most likely have received from him; 
 and any other papers that may be requisite in the course 
 of the proceeding shall be forthwith furnished. 
 
 1 feel much obliged to you for the memorial, 11 In 
 which you propose a remedy against the scandalous im- 
 propriety of the privateers selling the prizes without their 
 being regularly condemned to them by judicial authority; 12 
 so praiseworthy an undertaking deserves success. Should 
 nothing further be in your power, I hope you will, at 
 least, be able to bring the matter so far as that the 
 brandies may remain in their present state; or, in case 
 they are sold, to have the proceeds in cash 13 deposited in 
 court: in any other event I fear I must undergo the loss, 
 not being able to see how I can provide against the nu- 
 merous unfair practices made use of in the decisions of 
 prize-causes. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXLV. 
 
 To Bourdeaux. 
 
 Lubec. 
 
 CONFIRMING the annexed copy of my last respects, I 
 
 8 
 
 9 id) uertraue gang Styrer 
 
 10 tie ^papiere, roelcfye bie in ber ghtgf^rift be$ $errn 3ft- 
 uber biefen gatt angefiifyrten 23enmfe entfyaltem 
 
 11 Slnmerfung. 
 
 12 rceld)e Me $rifen tterfaufen, ofyne baf tfwen biefelben burd) 
 gefe|lid)e ercalt conbemmrt (sugefprodjen) finb, 
 
 13 (Saffeu=rtrag. 
 
159 
 
 observe from your favour of the . . . , that the judgment 
 of the tribunal of ... , respecting my brandies, has been 
 transmitted to you by Mr. M., and that you are taking 
 the necessary measures for appealing to the Tribunal of 
 Cassation. These steps meet my warmest approbation, 1 
 in full confidence that the justice of my cause will pro- 
 duce a decision in my favour. Of the actual state of the 
 cargo I have not the least knowledge, having never re- 
 ceived an answer from Mr. T., to whom I applied for 
 information on the subject, and who was fully competent 3 
 to give it. I am, however, extremely uneasy, under 
 the apprehensions that, in consequence of the confirmation 
 of the sentence in the second appeal, 3 the brandies have 
 been sold, and the produce given to the captors without 
 any security. 
 
 Of this supposition I have some confirmation in a 
 letter, 4 received lately from Mr. II., stating that, accord- 
 ing to law, the captor is not bound to any greater se- 
 curity than what he is required to give on receiving his 
 letters of mark, 5 and which is always a mere trifle: in 
 this case I should, perhaps, be a greater loser by a fa- 
 vourable judgment of the Tribunal of Cassation than by 
 leaving the business as it is, for I should thereby lose 
 every tie upon the captors, 5 and all chance of obtaining 
 
 1 fyaben metne 
 
 2 unb bet aud) Doiltg befugt roar. 
 
 3 3d) biu inbeffen fefyr beforgt, unb furcate, bag in golge ber 
 SSeftdttgung beS Urtf;ei(S in $tt)eifer Snftanj. 
 
 4 )iefe SSermutfyung beftdttgt fid) einigermafien burcfy einen 
 tariff, 
 
 5 <5aper=23rief. 
 
 6 benn id) n>urbe baburd) jebe SSerbinblic^feit ber <aperet 
 gecjen mid) wlierem 
 
160 
 
 redress 7 from them. Your characteristic candour 8 will, 
 i ai satisfied, induce you to pronounce my apprehensions 
 well grounded, and you will exert yourself with ardour 
 to prevent their being realized, 9 adopting, ad libitum, 
 whatever means or arguments you think may be of use. 
 
 However anxiously I desire 10 to see your plan adopted 
 for preventing the abuses which so frequently are practised 
 in prize-causes, 1 still have doubts of its success: the 
 impunity 11 with which this system of plunder 12 has been 
 carried on for a length of time will oppose too many 
 obstacles to your endeavours; so bold an undertaking 
 requires more than ordinary courage. Were the two 
 neighbouring cities in unity with each other, your object 
 would be more attainable, at least there would be a great- 
 er probability of success; but you are no stranger to lo- 
 cality, 13 and must be aware of the existence of many 
 difficulties, which oppose insuperable barriers to the 
 attainment of your favourite object. 14 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXLVI. 
 
 To Bourdeaux. 
 
 Lubec. 
 
 IN expectation of soon hearing a more satisfactory ac- 
 
 7 
 
 8 bie Slufricfytigfett StyreS 
 
 9 tap fie in (rfullung gefye (i. e. tie 23efcrgnifj), 
 10 3$ie fefyr trf) aucfy rcunfcfye. 
 
 11 
 12 
 
 13 tie )ertlicf)eit ift Sfynen ni$t fremt. 
 
 14 rceldje ter @rreid)ung StyreS ieblin$$=egenj*ante6 unuber- 
 
 e $interntffe entgegenjMen. 
 
161 
 
 count of my cargo of brandies, I have been induced 1 
 to defer answering your favour of the . . . until this day, 
 but am now inclined to think the affair has escaped your 
 memory (to put no harsher construction upon the de- 
 lay, 2 ) and sunk into oblivion. 3 To the consequences of 
 this unaccountable lapse of time, 4 must now be added 
 the failure of a great number of the underwriters, and 
 the incessant inquiries 5 of the others for the conclusion 
 of the affair, for which , in fact, nobody can be more an- 
 xious than myself; and to this end I do earnestly wish 
 you to use the most active measures, and to omit no- 
 thing that can tend to the accomplishment of our wishes. 
 
 The cause being so considerably delayed, 6 will neces- 
 sarily increase the expenses, which it is the interest of 
 all parties to avoid, inasmuch 7 as your commission must 
 be calculated upon the nett proceeds; 1 shall, therefore, 
 feel obliged by your informing me what surplus 8 I may 
 reasonably expect in case the cause is won, for I now 
 begin to fear that the law-charges will consume almost the 
 whole concern, 9 which, indeed, I have too often found to 
 be the case. Once more entreating your attention to my 
 interest, I remain truly, &c, f 
 
 1 fcmb id) mid) 
 
 2 (urn biefem SBerjitg feme fydvtere Scutum; ju geben). 
 
 3 SBergeffenfyeit. 
 
 4 Seitoerluft. 
 
 5 uncwffyotltdje sftacfyfragen, 
 
 6 fo bettdcfytlicfy oerjogett, 
 
 7 infofern. 
 
 8 Ueberfd&ufj. 
 
 9 bajj bie (ieridjt^flopen bcina^ baa ganje ef^aft tt 
 rcerben. 
 
 11 
 
162 
 
 LETTER CXLVII. 
 
 To Bourdeaux. 
 
 Lubec. 
 
 1 AM gratified by observing, in your letter of ... , that 
 the Conseil de Prises 1 has thought proper to liberate 2 my 
 cargo of brandy, though without making me the smallest 
 compensation for my heavy loss, both by time and trouble, 3 
 in this affair. This is a species of justice very detrimen- 
 tal to the parties supposed to have won the cause; but 1 
 am an enemy [to litigation, 4 and am glad thut some de- 
 cision has at length been made, however uncertain the fi- 
 nal result may be. It gives me pain to notice your dis- 
 pleasure at any impatient expressions I may have made 
 use of in my letters. 5 I beg to assure you that any such 
 insinuation on my part was made unintentionally, 6 and 
 was only the result of excessive chagrin on finding this 
 longwinded 7 business farther from a conclusion than I had 
 reason to expect. It is only natural to suppose a man 
 will become impatient at having his money withheld so 
 considerable a length of time without any reasonable pre- 
 text. 8 I have always been convinced of your care and 
 activity, and particularly conscious of your zeal and at- 
 
 2 fret gu gebem 
 
 3 an 3eit unb Sftiifye betrdd)tttrf)en SBerlujt. 
 
 4 ein getnb be$ $)roceffiren$* 
 
 5 & fd)mer$t mid) Sfyt SDlif fatten iiber irgenb einen 2lusbnjc? 
 fcer Ungebutb jubemerfen, fcen icf) in meinem 23rief gebraucfyt 
 fyaben mag. 
 
 6 
 7 
 
 8 rcenn man i$m fetn (Mb otyne einen tternunffigen rim& 
 fo lange 3eit 
 
163 
 
 tention to my interest on many important accasions. I 
 am very solicitous to know 9 what state my cargo is in, 
 and for this information I must apply to you, 10 never ha- 
 ving received the smallest intelligence on the subject ei- 
 ther from Malaga or Marseilles. Will you, therefore, 
 have the goodness to make inquiries on this head, and 
 inform me of the result? I anxiously expect your ad- 
 vices concerning my further claims, and hope to hear a 
 favourable result. 
 
 I remain, very truly, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXLVIIL 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 Bourdeaux. 
 
 ANNEXED is a copy of my last respects of the ... inst., 
 the original of which, from the recent delays 1 the mails 
 have experienced, may probably not have reached you 
 in course. 
 
 Confirming the same, I have now to communicate to 
 you the unpleasant intelligence of the failure of your 
 claim 2 of the Hercules. The tribunal at . . , has given 
 its decision in favour of the captor, under the frivolous 
 pretence of a contradiction between the charter-party and 
 bill of lading; the former stating it to be for Lubec ac- 
 count, and the latter bearing the term Hamburgh account, 
 the several certificates also bearing testimony to the latter. 
 In the course of the pleading, 3 the counsel for the captor 
 
 9 eS tferlcmgt micfy nut $u miffem 
 10 mug mid) beSrcegen an 8te roenben. 
 
 1 roegen bet neultcfyen SSer^ogerunge 
 
 2 bet SBetroetfuttg Sfytet Slnfprucfye, 
 
 3 3m 2aufe bet SBetfyanblung (be$ $ 
 
 11* 
 
affirmed that Messrs. *** of Lisbon were English 
 agents, 4 and adduced several arguments in support of his 
 statement, 5 which, in fact, were rather doubtful, 6 and the 
 documents produced, declaring them to be for Lubec ac- 
 count, were totally disregarded, as being, in their own 
 phrase, extra judicial^ Be assured that the real motive 
 for this condemnation is the protection enjoyed by the 
 captor. This unjustifiable protection exists in the share 8 
 which several members of the Legislative Body and Con- 
 stituted Authorities of . , . possess in this privateer, 9 be- 
 sides which it has come to my knowledge that the soli- 
 citor 10 on the part of the captor is himself an ex-adminis- 
 trator of this department, and this very man has had 
 the unexampled impudence to acknowledge, that he who 
 appears as fitter out 11 of the privateer, as well as he who 
 has been brought forward as his surety, are not worth 
 three thousand francs in the whole world; 12 and, therefore, 
 if we were to succeed in setting aside 13 the judgment by 
 
 4 efcfydftStrdger. 
 
 5 unb bracfyte ttr UntcrjKt|>ung feiner Slngabe t?erfd)iebene 
 
 6 jtemtid) unfyattbar. 
 
 7 aufietgericfytlicfy. 
 
 8 biefer nicfyt $u redjtferttgenbe ^$u| f)at fetnen runb in 
 bem 5lnt()etle, 
 
 9 rcelcfyen t?crfrf)tebene SJlttglieber be$ gefe^ebenben $6rperS 
 unb ber tterfaffungSmafncjen 23efy6rben t>on . , . an biefem 
 (Saper=0d)iff befi^en. 
 
 10 Qlmralt 
 
 11 SluSntfter. 
 
 12 roelcfyer t>on ifym gu feiner 25urgfd)aft oorgefletlt rcorben 
 ni(i;t 3000 Jr, SSermogen befdfen. 
 
 13 ^u befetttgen, 
 
165 
 
 an appeal, we should not be bettered in the smallest 
 degree. 
 
 It is unfortunately thus that we see justice and the 
 laws made a sport of 14 and that there are to be found 
 men in the world who will publicly avow themselves as 
 robbers and pirates. 15 What a shocking perversion of 
 good and wholesome laws, 16 and how is power abused 
 when entrusted to such hands! Notwithstanding, 1 intend 
 making every preparation for setting up lr my appeal in 
 the strongest manner possible, the moment the judgment 
 of the court is officially 18 announced to me; and, when 
 the papers relative to it come into my hands, they shall 
 be carefully forwarded to you by some secure conveyance. 19 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXLIX. 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 Bourdeaux. 
 
 oiNCE my respects of the . . . , I have received a letter 
 from Mr. S. relative to your affairs in this quarter; a 
 copy of which I enclose for your perusal. 1 From its con- 
 tents you will perceive that your ship and cargo have met 
 with the same fate which so many other prizes have ex- 
 perienced, namely, that the civil tribunal of the depart- 
 
 14 bag nnr fefyen muffen, nrie man mit ber erecfyttgfett tint 
 bem efefce fetn ptel tretbt. 
 
 15 SRduber unb >ee--$Hduber. 
 
 16 S&eld) fd&retfltcfyeS SSerbrefyen (ober rcel$ auffattenber 2ttt 
 braucfy) guter unb ^eitfamei: efefce, 
 
 17 aufeujMen. 
 
 18 offtciefl. 
 
 19 auf einem fid&ern 
 
166 
 
 ment of ... have declared them "lawful prizes." 2 Mr. S. 5 
 with whom I frequently correspond, has forwarded to me, 
 a few post-days since, several very able observations 3 on 
 your case, which he has had printed for more convenient 
 circulation; 4 by these it appears to me that no means of 
 defence have been left untried; but what defence, how- 
 ever powerful, or what arguments, however just, 5 can 
 withstand corruption on the bench itself? 6 
 
 Mr. S. has shown himself highly interested in your be- 
 half, 7 and, in compliance with his request, I shall em* 
 ploy the time, while waiting your ulterior instructions, 8 
 in taking the necessary steps in this affair. You are 
 aware that the period allowed for making an appeal is 
 too short to admit of my waiting your reply, and, as 
 matters cannot be worse than they are, I purpose tra- 
 versing the judgment in the usual form. 9 In a few days 
 I shall take the liberty of valuing on you for my ex- 
 penses (or, at least, a part of them), which have been 
 very heavy, and make my drafts payable in Hamburgh 
 as usual. 10 
 
 I am, with great regard, &c. 
 
 2 
 
 3 treffenbe 23emerfungen. 
 
 4 ur bequemeren Circulation. 
 
 5 rcelcfye 23eum3grunbe, fo gere^t jie (aid)) ttdren. 
 
 6 fonnen ber S3cftcd)ung be efee rotberjlefyen? 
 
 7 ju Sfyrem SBeften. 
 
 8 Styre ferneren 23erf)altimg*23efefyle, 
 
 9 beabficfytige ify gegen t>a$ Urtfyetl in ber geroofmlidjen gorm 
 $u idutern, 
 
 10 unb untt metne Sratten rote gerootynltd? . . . jatylbar fleflen. 
 
167 
 
 LETTER CL. 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 Bourdeaux* 
 
 CONFIRMING my respects of the . . . , I have now to 
 inform you that five mails, from your side, are due, 1 
 and I am consequently deprived of your favours. In the 
 interim, 2 1 have not neglected your affairs; some days 
 since I wrote to Mr. S., requesting him to give me the 
 proofs of his allegations 3 without delay. These would 
 enable me to compose my petition, 4 a sketch of which 
 I have already drawn up 5 in the customary form, but 
 shall not trouble you with a copy of it till it is completed. 
 It will, I hope, tend to induce the government to take 
 some active measures for putting down 6 such scandalous 
 abuses. All this, however, does not give me any great 
 encouragement to expect success in my appeal, which 
 has to look for support to many other equally precarious 
 circumstances. 7 
 
 It is impossible to expect the tribunal to decide ac- 
 cording to the merit of the cause, influenced, as it un- 
 fortunately is, by self-interested motives, 8 and, exclusive of 
 this, there is a powerful party against us, who endeavour 
 to withhold justice for the sake of the precedent. 9 By the 
 
 1 bag Sfyrer @eit8 5 (23rief=) $ often fetylen. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 meine 5lnfpruc$$^lage au^uarbeiten. 
 
 5 entrcotfen. 
 
 6 $u unterfcrucfetu 
 
 7 tie t>on manc&en anbern gleicfy fcfyroanfenben Umfidnben, 
 SSetftanb enuarten mujiL 
 
 8 ba imgludilidjer SKdfe etgennu^tge 2Hottoe @influjj tyaben, 
 
 9 bcr 
 
 .',,. . 5 , :.. 
 
168 
 
 active steps I have taken against them, 1 have rendered 
 myself even liable 10 to their attacks: but I am conscious 
 of no impropriety of conduct, and, therefore, defy all 
 the efforts of their malice. I feel most offended at the 
 narrow prejudices of many gentlemen concerned in this 
 business; I have been employed on numerous occasions 
 of this nature, and, of course, am well acquainted with 
 the methods they pursue. 11 They accuse me of negli- 
 gence in the management of their concerns, and often 
 make use of expressions hurtful in the extreme. 12 1 have 
 often wished to be excused from these employments, 11 
 but sometimes it is unavoidable. 
 
 t am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLI. 
 
 To Lubcc. 
 
 Bourdeaux. 
 
 1 HAVE been duly favoured with your esteemed letter of 
 the . . . ultimo. Mr. S. has transmitted me the judgment 
 of the civil tribunal of Marseilles, and informs me that 
 he must defer the notification 1 of an appeal till the ninth 
 day from the date thereof. I have recommended to the 
 lawyer to exert himself to procure the extension of this 
 delay for a few days more, 2 as it is hardly possible, 
 
 10 
 
 11 roofyl befannt mit tfyrer SSetfe. 
 
 12 unb bebtenen fid) oft dufjerft frdnlenber 5lit$bruce, 
 
 13 mit folcfyen efcfydften tierfcfyont ju bleiben. 
 
 1 
 
 2 btefe grift urn eimge Sage tterldngern 311 lajfen, 
 
169 
 
 within that short period, to provide fresh instructions suf- 
 ficiently forcible for the purpose. 
 
 The documents, I presume, are already on their way 
 to me; when I receive them, they shall be examined, 
 and whatever is wanting I shall apply for. 3 You hinted 
 at the necessity of having the broker's certificates, but 1 
 do not conceive they will be of the least use: I know 
 that the tribunal only considers as competent those papers 
 which were actually in the ship at the moment of capture. 
 1 have already made my appeal before the Tribunal of 
 Cassation, and have likewise feed the solicitors, who 
 have adopted the custom 4 of being paid beforehand, al- 
 leging that they have been too often the dupes of their 
 credulity and confidence. 5 I feel myself in so considerable 
 an advance on this business, 6 that I intend covering 
 myself for part of it by drawing on you for 1000, say 
 one thousand crowns, payable at Hamburgh. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLII. 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 Bourdeaux. 
 
 CONFIRMING herewith the contents of my last respects 
 under date of the ... inst. , I now have the pleasure of 
 addressing you, as the period approaches when we shall 
 learn whether our requete en Cassation 1 will be admitted. 
 
 3 unb fur ba$ etroa getylenbe geforgt roerben, 
 
 4 (to fee, (Efyrenfolb [onorar] im SSorauS bcga^len) . . . unb 
 aud) bie Slnroalte be^atylt, tsetse gerootynt finb, 
 
 5 bag man ityre fieicfytgldubigf eit unb i$r Sutrauen $u oft ge 
 tdufdjt fydtte. 
 
 6 Scfy bin in einem fo bebeutenben SSorfd&ufi fin: bief 
 
170 
 
 The documents are committed to the care of Mr. W., an 
 intelligent and upright man. 2 He is to deliver them 
 hereafter to the commissary of the directory of S.; and, 
 as I believe the latter is possessed of the necessary infor- 
 mation, the decision will, in all probability, be made 
 about the middle of next month. 3 This commissary, I 
 am sorry to say, is ill disposed towards us, 4 for he cer- 
 tainly likes the captors better than the neutrals; but as 
 there is no alternative between him and his colleague N. 
 (who is still more hostile to us 5 ), I have exerted all my 
 means to get the business into his hands. This Mr. N. 
 conducts himself with the greatest rancour 6 to the mer- 
 chants of this city, which he constantly terms an English 
 colony, though he is often rebuked 7 for this freedom of 
 speech by the Minister of the Exterior 8 himself. 
 
 Mr. W. lias prepared his defence, and I enclose you 
 a copy of it. I am sure you will iind his observations 
 just and pointed, 9 and I hope they may prove effectual. 
 It will be his turn to make a verbal pleading 10 in the 
 course of a few days; he has promised to make use of 
 the strongest arguments 11 for your interest, and I am 
 
 2 etnem etnfid)tet>ollcn unb recfytfcfyaffenen Sftamu. 
 
 3 fo irirD tie (Entfefycitung allcr 2Bafyrfd)einltd)ctt nacfy 
 bie SDlittc bcS nacfyjten SDlonatS erfol^cn. 
 
 4 (5$ ift mtr Icib, Sfynen fagen ju mufjen, bafj . . . , :c. 
 
 5 bcr nod) fetnbfeticjer Qegen unS gefinnt ift. 
 
 6 rott, ag. 
 
 7 getabett. 
 
 8 Sfttnijler be$ 9lu6n>artigen. 
 
 9 ricfyttg unb fcljaiffmmg. 
 
 10 einen munblic^cn 23ortrag gu modern 
 
 11 tie frafttgffcen 23en>etegrunbe. 
 
171 
 
 convinced, from his known character 1 ' and talents, that 
 he will do justice to your cause, and credit to himself. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLIII. 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 Bourdeaux. 
 
 IOUR favour of the 2d inst. came duly to hand. My 
 last respects (of the . . . inst.) will have informed you that 
 your cause was set down 1 for trial for the 9th; several 
 circumstances, however, retarded 2 it until the 21st; and 
 I am happy to say that this deLay has produced an effect 
 highly beneficial to our interest. The quarterly rotation 
 of the commissaries happened on the 1st inst., 3 by which 
 many of our most inveterate 4 enemies were displaced, 8 
 particularly Messrs. B. and L., whose offices we are 
 glad to find now filled by Mr. T., first commissary, a 
 respectable sensible man. On the 21st, as I stated, the 
 report 6 was made: Mr. W. pleaded with considerable 
 emphasis and weight of reasoning, 7 the Commissary T. 
 drew the most reasonable and satisfactory conclusions, 
 and the cause was, of course, decided in your favour. 
 
 12 tmt> nadj feincm ancrfannten <fyara?ter. 
 
 1 feflgefelt. 
 
 2 tterjo^ert, 
 
 3 5lm 1. t>. 2tt. gefd&afy *> er t>ierteijatyriid)e SSecfyfel ber 
 miffcire. 
 
 4 fyartndtfigften, erbtttertften. 
 
 5 Detfefct. 
 
 6 SSortrag. 
 
 7 mit grofem 9?acbrud! unb 
 
172 
 
 It Is with sincere pleasure I congratulate you on this 
 fortunate event, and I wish your other causes may end 
 as favourably. As soon as the judgment is signed, the 
 owners of the two privateers shall be furnished with a 
 copy, and I shall summon them to appear before the civil 
 members 8 of the Tribunal of Cassation. I hope the 
 greatest part of your underwriters may remain good, so 
 that you may have some recompense for the losses you 
 must unavoidably experience by the expenses of prosecu- 
 tion , interest of the capital for the time, 9 &c. That 
 part of your property insured with 10 the Insurance Com- 
 pany of Hamburgh, may be considered as perfectly safe, 
 but still the interest will be sunk. 11 
 
 As yet, no opportunity has occurred for drawing my 
 expenses on you; but as 1 shall, in a few days, have to 
 make some remittances to Hamburgh, I shall profit by 
 the occasion, and value on Mr. M., your friend there, 
 for your account B. 3000, say 12 three thousand banco 
 marcs. I adopt this plan 13 in order to save you the com- 
 mission and brokerage which the bankers here charge 
 when it passes through their hands. I beg you will have 
 the goodness to authorize Mr. M. to honour my draft on 
 presentation, 14 by mentioning to him my intention of 
 drawing, as I do by this day's mail. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 8 ttor ben burcjerttc&en 
 
 9 bie @ie burdj Soften ber SJortfegung (bet lage), ... im 
 umgdngltcfy erletben muffen. 
 
 10 bet. 
 
 11 roerben bod) tterloten gefyen. 
 
 12 fage, fc^retbe. 
 
 13 Srf) rodtyle biefen 
 
 14 bet 23or?ommen. 
 
173 
 LETTER CUV. 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 Bourdeaux. 
 
 I BEG your reference to 1 my last of the . . . , informing 
 you of my success in your claim upon the Tribunal of 
 Cassation, and my intention of drawing B. 3000 upon 
 Mr. M., of Hamburgh, for your account to be placed 
 against my advances in this business. The judgment of 
 the court, which I sent to Avignon in order to be de- 
 livered into the hands of the owners of the privateers, 
 has been accepted by them, and Mr. H. is now busied in 
 executing the commission. 
 
 A power of attorney being requisite, 2 I beg you will, 
 with all convenient speed, 3 send me one in French, or, 
 at least, with the French translation annexed to it. I 
 am of opinion, that of the three tribunals of the depart- 
 ments of . . . , which hold their sitting at ... (and to 
 which your cause must return after the act of cassation 4 ), 
 that I should reject that of .... Our antagonisfs will 
 also have the right of challenging one of the remaining 
 two. 5 This day I have drawn, as above-stated, B. 3000 
 order A. B. at six weeks', for which I have credited your 
 account at the exchange of twenty-seven shillings banco 
 per Ecu in ... Ecus. 
 
 Referring again to your power of attorney, 6 I have 
 to request that the signature of the notary may be attested 
 
 1 3$ bejtefye mid? auf, 
 
 2 t>a eine 23ollmad)t nctfytg ift. 
 
 3 in mogltcfyffcer (Site. 
 
 4 @affattonS*Urt&eil. 
 
 5 etnS t>on ben JUKI ubrigbletbenten (a($ pattcitfcf)) 311 t?ct* 
 fttsfen, 
 
 6 2U 
 
174 
 
 by that of a French agent, particularly if I am unacquaint- 
 ed with the notary's hand-writing, as I shall be unable 
 to legalize it T myself, which must be done by oath. 
 
 I am anxiously waiting your advices and instructions, 
 and remain, very respectfully, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLV. 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 Bourdeaux. 
 
 I CONFIRM the contents of my last respects of the . . . , 
 and have since been deprived of your favours. Mr. S. 
 has returned to me the copies of the citations served upon 
 the owners of the privateers, 1 and, in due time, I expect 
 to see them appear to answer the summons, 3 and then 
 we shall use all our exertions to have the judgment exe- 
 cuted. 3 
 
 I repeat my request to have the power of attorney 
 without delay, and in the form I prescribed. I hear from 
 Mr. M. that he had at first suffered my draft of BO. 3000 
 to be protested, as your advice had not then come to 
 hand, but, as he received the advice on the following 
 day, it was then in order. 4 Enclosed I hand you the 
 protest, for the sake of regularity. 
 
 The unfortunate dispute between our country and 
 yours occurs very unluckily at this moment, 5 and every 
 
 7 fte gertcfytltd) ju befHttgeru 
 
 1 4?ert @ tyat m * r bit Slbfcfyrtften ber fur tie (tgentf)umer bet 
 (Eaper^cfyiffe auSgeferttgten SBerlabungen $urud! gefcfyidit. 
 
 2 bet 23orlabung gemdp erfcfyetnen $u fefyen. 
 
 3 ba Urtfyeil t>oll$ogen $u fefyen. 
 
 4 ift bic <Sad&c in )tbnung gebtadjt roorben. 
 
 5 @6 ift etn unglutflicfyer Umjianb, bag gerabc jeo jtrifctyen 
 unfercm Canbe unb bem Sfyrigen ^treitigfeiten @tatt ftnben. 
 
175 
 
 one must be in some degree affected by the general 
 calamity. 
 
 I remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLVI. 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 Bourdeaux. 
 
 1 AM favoured with your much-esteemed lines of the . . . 
 inst., which brought me your power of attorney complete 
 in every respect. I have since been given to understand 1 
 that your cause will undergo its second trial some time 
 in this month, 2 and I sincerely hope that our exertions 
 in your behalf will be attended with the success you 
 deserve. Delay must not give you alarm, as several 
 causes are lying over since the 18th ultimo, 3 and it is 
 probable they may be tried in rotation. 
 
 I am sorry to see several of your underwriters have 
 stopped payment, 4 but I hope this calamity is confined 
 to the minor part 5 of them. I am surprised you have 
 not been able to enforce a part- payment, or, at least, 
 oblige these gentlemen to give security, after the cargoes 
 have been twice condemned. 1 would advise you to 
 insist on this condition with those who are yet solvent: 
 
 1 Scfy fyabe fettbem in Ccrfafjrung gebracfyt. 
 
 2 fcaf man Sfyre acfye . . . etncr jrodten prufung tmtertt>er 
 fen trotte. 
 
 3 ba mefyrere ^acfyen fdjon tanger al$ fctt bem 18. tj. 
 ba Itegen, 
 
 4 ifyre Safylung etngefteflt tyaben, 
 
 5 ber fletnere 
 6 
 
176 
 
 the claim Is made for their benefit solely, and it would 
 be the greatest act of injustice to withhold the reim- 
 bursement of your expenses while they still are encoura- 
 ging you to act for them. They alone must be responsible 
 for the consequences. Your cause at the tribunal of ... 
 is in the hands of Messrs. L. and Z.: a few days since 
 they gave me the strongest assurances nothing should be 
 neglected, and, I think, you may rely upon their exertions. 
 I hope the failures upon your Exchange have met with 
 a check. 7 I am not exempted from their effects s but 
 have sustained no losses of consequence. 
 
 I am sincerely, &e. 
 
 LETTER CLVII. 
 
 To Lubec. 
 
 Bourdeaux. 
 
 LAST post I had the honour of addressing you, advising 
 the progress made in your cause, and recommending 
 you to come to some immediate settlement with the un- 
 derwriters, either by part-payment or security for the 
 whole. I have since been favoured with your letter of 
 die . . . , and I confess myself not a little hurt at the 
 repetition of your remarks that your claims seem to be 
 entirely forgotten. No one can be less inclined to 
 neglect a trust confided to his care than I am, yet the 
 circumstances of the time can never be altered, and the 
 regular order of rotation must be obeyed. 1 The house 
 
 7 3$ I;ojfe, bajj bte gaUtmente an Sfyrer 25orfe nun aufgc* 
 fyort fyaben. 
 
 1 u.nt> bic Drbnung ber $Ket$efolge mufl becbad;tet reerben. 
 
177 
 
 which informed you that seven hundred causes had 
 been tried this sitting was certainly mistaken; 2 for 
 to my knowledge not more than one hundred and twenty 
 have heen finally adjudged. 3 No better remedy can 
 be adopted for an unavoidable evil 4 than patience, and 
 to be too troublesome in applications hurts a cause con- 
 siderably. 5 
 
 Whether your cargoes have been sold or not I do 
 not know; consequently cannot specify the nett proceeds. 
 I am inclined to think they must, 6 yet never was able 
 to obtain the smallest answer to many inquiries I made 
 on this head. 7 I am, Jiowever now about to make a 
 peremptory demand, 8 and the reply shall be duly trans- 
 mitted to you. 
 
 I remain, &c. 
 
 P. S. Since writing the above, I have been informed, 
 through an indirect channel, that your goods have been 
 sold, and that the captors, intimidated by the summary 
 proceedings of the court, were preparing 10 to remit me 
 the nett proceeds. Of the truth of this I shall satisfy 
 
 2 baS au, rcae S^nen mefbete, c rodren in biefer 
 fieben fyunbert ^roccffe beenbigt rocrben, fyat ji$ gerotfj getrrt 
 
 3 oolltg entfd)icbem 
 
 4 gur cm- um?ermetblid)e$ Uebel giebt eS fein beffcreS SQlttteU 
 
 5 unb man fdjabet einem ^Ptocejfe burc^ ungebulbtgeS 23er= 
 fafyren betrud)tlitf), 
 
 6 3d) bin $roar Qenetgt u gtauben, bag fie e finb. 
 
 7 uber biefen 'jpimft. 
 
 8 Sc^t fte^c itf) im SBegriff, etne entfc^cibenbe $tfad)frage #i 
 
 9 ^eit id) )btcje fc&rieb. 
 
 10 unb baf bie <aperer butd^ ba fraftige ^erfafyrcn be5 
 ab^efdjrec^t, fic^) ttorbereiteten, 
 
 12 
 
178 
 
 myself, and, in the interim, congratulate you 11 on the 
 termination of this affair. I am, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLVIII. 
 
 To Messrs. K. and B. Vienna. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 WE take this opportunity of thanking you for the ac- 
 ceptance of our last drafts for which you are accredited, 
 and now have the pleasure of enclosing you a remittance 
 of 467 florins, at six weeks' date, upon F. K. in Augs- 
 burgh; begging you to credit us for that sum at maturity, 
 and accept our draft on you of this date for five hundred 
 and fifty current florins, at six weeks' date, to the order 
 of A. M., and place the same to our debit, in due time. 1 
 It is to wind up a particular account 2 that we have been 
 obliged somewhat to overdraw our balance, 3 which we 
 shall be careful to refund. By (he enclosed protest you 
 will perceive we have interfered for your honour upon 
 your own draft of two thousand hanco marcs upon M. 
 and D., acceptance whereof was refused; 4 we happened 
 fortunately to know the circumstance, and thus prevented 
 your signature from being dishonoured. 5 The charge for 
 protest being but two marcs, we place the same to your 
 postage-account. 
 
 11 unb gratultre Sfynen tnbeffen. 
 
 1 unb un6 feiner 3ctt bafiir $tt bcfaften, 
 
 2 Urn cine befonbcrc SKecfr/nung gu falbtren. 
 
 3 unfer 6utf)aben urn @tu>a$ gu uberfd;rettcn. 
 
 4 bag rott bet Sfyrct eigcncn 3tef)ung t?on . , . tntersemrten. 
 
 5 (to dishonour a signature [draft], bte Slnnafyme ewer 
 Sratte ttcrroctcjcrn) . , . unb fcfyiifctcn bcmnacfy 
 terfc^rtft. 
 
179 
 
 Expecting your kind advices, we have the honour to 
 subscribe ourselves, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLIX. 
 
 To Messrs. K. and B. Vienna. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 WE had the pleasure of addressing you last post, and 
 have now merely to add, 1 that if Messrs. M. and D. do 
 not pay us the amount of your refused draft 2 of two 
 thousand marcs after it becomes due, we purpose sending 
 you a regular account of re-exchange, 3 and drawing the 
 sum of principal and charges at three days' sight per ap- 
 point. 4 Enclosed, a first bill for 983 florins, together 
 with a letter of advice 5 to the person on whom drawn, 
 Mr. F. W., in Presburgh, which please to forward, and 
 place the above amount, when in cash, to our credit; 
 against this object 6 we have valued on you to-day for 
 920 florins, six weeks' date, to the order of A. M., to 
 which we beg your protection. 
 
 In waiting your commands, we are, &c. 
 
 P. S. The following is a copy of the enclosure. 
 
 1 unb tyaben bem jet no^ 
 
 2 Sfyrcr gurMgereiefenen ratte. 
 
 3 eine fotmltcfye SKucfroedjfelsSietfjnung $u fenben. 
 
 4 ben ttoflen SBetrag ber <>aupt=<Summe unb Soften (ober 
 ben SSetrag nut 3urcrf)nung ber fcarauf fadcnben <Spefen), 
 bret SEage natf) @td)t auf ie 511 entnefymen. 
 
 [To draw per appoint, point ober a pujito (per 
 albo) trafftren (/. e. bte t>ofle @umme fetner gocbe* 
 rung entnefymen,)] 
 
 5 5lt?tS=23rtef. 
 
 6 bagegen. 
 
 12* 
 
180 
 
 LETTER CLX. 
 
 To Mr. F. W. Presburgh. 
 
 Hamburgh, 
 
 AGAINST the draft of Messrs. A. and T. in London, for 
 your account, inclusive of charges, 1 together one thousand 
 two hundred and ninety-two marcs banco, I have this day 
 drawn upon you at the exchange of 152 J / 2 , for nine hun- 
 dred and eighty florins current, at six weeks' after date, 
 to the order of Messrs. K. and B. in Vienna, payable 
 there. I request you will show all honour to this assign- 
 ment, 2 in order to clear the balance owing to me. 
 
 I am, with great esteem, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXI. 
 
 To Messrs. R. and S. Hamburgh. 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 WE liave to acknowledge receipt of your favours of 
 the . . . , and . . . , with your remittance of four hundred 
 and sixty-seven florins, and advising your draft of five 
 hundred florins, both of which are accepted. 
 
 Your kind interference for our honour upon 1 the two 
 thousand banco marcs on M. and D., we acknowledge 
 with gratitude; a.nd, as the same is now approaching to 
 its maturity, we wait upon you with the enclosed remit- 
 tance of two thousand marcs, at six weeks' date, upon 
 B. and Co., for which we beg you to give us credit. 
 
 1 mtt @infrf)lufj bcr 
 
 2 3d? erfudje 0ie, ttefe Slbgabe (ober biefe metne ratte) 
 mtt 3al)lung gu beefyren. 
 
 \ Sfyre Quticj 
 ynfcw Unterfcfyrift) roecjen. 
 
181 
 
 Observing, from our last letters, that your exchange, 
 upon London was at thirty-six shillings and five pence 
 Flemish per pound sterling, we calculate a tolerable pro- 
 fit from that in conjunction with ours; 2 we, therefore, 
 in order to take advantage of it, request you to remit 
 two hundred pounds sterling in first London papers, 3 at 
 two months*, to our friends Messrs. W. S. and Co. in Lon- 
 don, for our account, against which you may value upon 
 us the amount, assuring yourselves 4 of all honour being 
 shown to your drafts. We have every reason to believe 
 that you will consult our interest in this small trial, and 
 therefore leave it entirely in yout hands; 6 and waiting 
 your advices, we remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXIL 
 
 To London. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 I>Y order 1 and for account of our mutual friends Messrs. 
 K and B. in Vienna, we have the pleasure of remitting 
 you enclosed a first bill 2 for two hundred pounds ster- 
 ling npon J. P. O. and Co. at two months' date, where- 
 of you will procure the needful, and understand with said 
 friends for the amount. 3 We shall be happy to receive 
 
 2 in SSerbinbimg mit bent unfrigen, 
 
 3 in beften lonfconer SSecfyfcln, 
 
 4 roogegen @te ftd) Derfidjert fatten fonnen. 
 
 5 uberlaffen Sfynen t>af)er gdnjlicfy taS SBeitere. 
 
 1 Sn Sluftrag. 
 
 2 3>rtma=2Bed)fel. 
 
 3 rootton @tc 3?6tfytge$ beforgen unb pcfy wit genannten 
 greunfcen . . . Derftanbtgen woden. 
 
182 
 
 your acknowledgments 4 of the above remittance, and take 
 the liberty of recommending our firm to your attention; 
 being very respectfully, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXIIL 
 
 To Vienna. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 our respects of the . . . ult, we are favoured with 
 yours of the same date. 1 Your remittance of two thou- 
 sand banco marcs on . . . , against our acceptance for 
 your honour of the same amount due to-morrow, is in 
 order, 2 and shall be placed to your credit. 
 
 As our exchange upon London fell yesterday two 
 groats, we did not hesitate to execute your order, and 
 remitted two hundred pounds in first rate paper 3 to Messrs. 
 G. S. and Co. in London, for your account j and, there- 
 fore, have taken the liberty of drawing on you according 
 to the statement 4 at foot; two thousand one hundred and 
 eight florins, and nineteen cruitzers, six weeks after date, 
 to the order of A. M., which we trust you will duly ho- 
 nour on presentation. We shall feel ourselves happy in 
 being instrumental 5 to your advantage in any concerns of 
 this nature, and remain, &c. 
 
 1 t)on 
 
 2 Sfyre morgen jafylbare SRemejfe fcon . . . , auf . . , , fair un* 
 fern Accept berfelben @umme, ju Sfyren S^rer Unterfdjrift 
 ift in )tbnimg. 
 
 3 in gutem papier. 
 
 4 Specification. 
 
 5 betyulflicfy ju fein. 
 
183 
 
 Statement 8 of our remittance of 200 sterling to Messrs. 
 W. S. and Co. in London, by order of Messrs. K. B. 
 in Vienna, viz. 200, at thirty-six shillings and five 
 pence Flemish per pound sterling, is banco marcs 
 
 BO. 
 
 Commission V 3 d. per cent 
 
 Bill brokerage 9 * 2 per thousand 
 
 Postage 
 
 At the exchange of 153y a Mcs. BO. 
 
 per cent, equal to florins current 2108 .. 19 cruitzers, as 
 drawn this day per appoint on Messrs. L. and B. in 
 Vienna, in one draft to the order of A. M. 8 
 Errors excepted. 
 
 LETTER CLXIV. 
 
 To London. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 LAST post we had the honour of remitting you, for ac- 
 count of Messrs. K. and B. in Vienna, two hundred pounds 
 sterling, the second 1 whereof we now enclose, to serve 
 in case of need. We have also to beg the favour of yoa 
 to forward the enclosed letters to their respective destina- 
 tions, 2 and believe us ever ready to reciprocate your 
 kindness. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 tie wir fyeute in etnec Statte, u ^ejogen tyaben. 
 
 1 tie (Secunba. 
 
 2 an tyre 33efKmmung ju befortern. 
 
181 
 
 LETTER CLXV. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 London. 
 
 WE were duly favoured with your esteemed letters of 
 the ... and ... , with the first and second of your remit* 
 tance of two hundred pounds sterling, upon Messrs. J. P. 
 O. and Co. here, and the enclosures per the latter were 
 Instantly sent forward. 1 
 
 The draft of 200 is already in order, and we shall 
 understand with our friends for the amount in course. 2 
 
 We feel obliged for your offers of service, which we 
 shall be happy to profit by when an opportunity presents 
 itself, and beg you to make use of ours upon all occa- 
 sions. 3 Our exchanges 4 are quoted at foot; good bills 
 upon your place were this day in demand: Italy was to- 
 lerably current, but Lisbon flat. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXM. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 WE confirm our respects of the . . . inst., with which we 
 bad the pleasure of remitting you two thousand marcs 
 banco upon B. and Co., which we hope was duly accepted. 
 We have now merely to beg you will, with all convenient 
 speed, 1 let us know whether the ship Isabella, Captain 
 
 1 unb tyaben bte Seifd/luffe be3 Severn fogleicfy beforbert, 
 
 2 fetncr Sett. 
 
 3 bci alien 23eranlaffungen. 
 
 4 (Sourfe. 
 
 1 mtt mocjlicfyfter dtle. 
 
185 
 
 Villars, of Liverpool, which lately arrived in your harbour, 
 has, as yet, discharged her cargo, 2 and when the landing 
 was completed. It is of great consequence to us to he 
 accurately and speedily informed upon this head; 3 and, 
 therefore, entreat you to lose no time in procuring the 
 intelligence. 
 
 We are, with respect, &c. 
 
 LETTER -CLXVIL 
 
 To Vienna. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 OUR last respects of the . . . advised receipt and accep- 
 tance of your remittance, two thousand marcs upon B* 
 and Co., and advised our remittance of 200 to Messrs. 
 W. S. and Co. of London, against which we drew 
 2108 florins 19 cr., which, when in order, will balance 
 the transaction. 1 Since then we are favoured with your 
 letter of the . . . , but regret that want of time has not 
 permitted us to learn when the Isabella, Captain Villars, of 
 Liverpool, commenced or completed the landing of her cargo* 
 We have, as yet, only been able to ascertain that 2 the 
 ship finally discharged her cargo on the Kith or 18th of 
 last month; perhaps this information will be sufficient for 
 your purpose. Contrary to all expectation, the exchange 
 upon London fell yesterday two groats, and was quoted 
 at thirty-six and three. On former post-days many bills 
 were taken up, on speculation 3 at thirty-six and five, 
 
 2 feme Sabung fcfyon 
 
 3 uber biefen $)un?t genau unb eiltg unterricfctet ju fein. 
 
 1 ... ta$ efcfydft falbtten roetfcen. 
 
 2 roir fonnten un$ bt jet nut: bat>cn ufcer^ugett. 
 
 3 auf Speculation gefauft. 
 
186 
 
 and It is now expected to be even higher than that to- 
 morrow. 4 
 
 Messrs. M. and D. here have called upon us, as your 
 friends, for acceptance of two drafts 5 namely, for two 
 thousand four hundred and twelve marcs seven shillings, 
 and one hundred and ninety-three marcs and one shil- 
 ling, drawn on them for your account, at three months 
 from the 20th ult., by L. B. and Co. in Bourdeaux: ha- 
 ving, however, no advice or intimation of the matter, 6 
 we thought it more regular to refuse our acceptance for 
 the present; but we shall willingly interfere if you give 
 us authority for so doing. 7 
 
 In expectation of your reply, we remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXVIII. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 WE have before us your favour of the . . . , enclosing 
 your remittance of 983 florins 32 cruitzers upon F. W. in 
 Presburgh; acceptance whereof we shall procure, and 
 place the amount to your credit. 1 
 
 Your draft of 920 florins, order A. M., shall meet due 
 protection. We have now to request, that in case two bills, 
 together two thousand six hundred and five marcs and 
 eight shillings, drawn by L. B. and Co. of Bourdeaux 
 
 4 man ift ber SJtcinung, bag ber <our$ bt$ moreen no$ 
 nieDrtger gefyen roerbe. 
 
 5 tyaben unS, aid Styre greunbe, urn ben Accept jweter 
 ten angefproc^en. 
 
 6 ba roir inbefien feinen SltriS ober tone $Rottj t?on bcr < 
 fatten. 
 
 7 roenn ie un6 baju beauftragen. 
 
 1 ... werben roir s^ 5lnna^me beforgen, unb S^nen ben 
 SSetrag na<$ @mpfang crebitiren. 
 
1ST 
 
 upon M. and Co. of your place, should be presented to 
 you for interference, for our account, that you will with* 
 hold your acceptance, and suffer them to be returned. 1 
 We give these orders, by to-night's post, 5 to all our 
 friends in your place. 
 
 For your information we add, that these bills are drawn, 
 against an order transmitted by us to these gentlemen, 
 wherein they thought proper to exceed our limits. 4 The 
 goods are, therefore, in our hands for their account. 
 
 We hope this request to you does not come too late, 
 and remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXIX. 
 
 To Vienna. 
 
 Hamburgh, 
 
 \fK have duly received your esteemed favour of the 
 ; and, at your request, we transmit you an account 
 of re-exchange of your draft of Bco. Mcs. 2000 on M. 
 and D. accepted under protest for your honour, 1 which 
 will enable you to settle the account with them. For 
 our expenses on the same, please to credit us twen- 
 ty-four marcs eight shillings. We thank you for the ho- 
 nour you prepare 9 for our draft against the remittance 
 on Presburgh. We are happy that we did not accept 
 the Bourdeaux drafts for your honour, as the event has 
 
 2 baf, tm gad S^ncn jroet SBec&fel, jufammen . . . , $ut Sin* 
 nafyme fur unfere SHec&nung, prdfenttrt roerben jbflten, u 
 btefe tjcrweigern unb fie ^itrucfgefyen laffcn. 
 
 3 nut fyeuttger $oft. 
 
 4 ttjorin jtc fid) erlaubten, unfer 2imitum u uberfcfyreiten. 
 
 1 unter sproteft ju Cltyren Styter anQcnommen, 
 
 2 bcrcitcn. 
 
188 
 
 shown. 3 The holders called again on us yesterday, when 
 we, of course, complied with your directions. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 Account of re-exchange 4 upon a bill of B. Mcs. 2000, 
 accepted under protest for honour of Messrs. K. and 
 B. in Vienna, viz. 
 
 Capital BO. Mcs. 2000 
 
 Protest 240 
 
 Commission V 2 10 
 
 Bill brokerage >/ 4 500 
 
 Postage 740 
 
 Exchange 154'/ 4 per cent. 2024 8 
 
 are 5 Current Florins 
 
 P. S. The interest of the remittance of B. Mcs. 
 2000, comes into your account current at the end of 
 the year. 
 
 LETTER CLXX. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 \1E are favoured with your esteemed lines of the . . . , 
 and note receipt and acceptance of our remittance of 
 B. Mcs. 2000 upon B. and Co. We are equally pleased 
 to observe the execution of our order to remit 200 
 sterling to Messrs. W. S. and Co. in London, and you 
 are credited for the amount in two thousand seven hundred 
 and forty-seven banco marcs. 
 
 3 2>er (rfolg lefytt un$ jefct, bafj nnr fc^r roofyt tfjaten tic 
 bourbcaujrcr Sratten fur Sfyre SRed&mmg nifyt $u acceptiren. 
 
 4 (9ttcambio= ober) 
 
 5 betragt. 
 
189 
 
 All honour awaits your drafts against the same ; namely, 
 two thousand one hundred and eight florins nineteen 
 cruitzers, at six weeks' date, order A. M. 1 Your other 
 advices claim our thanks, 2 and we beg a continuance of 
 your information relative to exchanges. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXI. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 \V E confirm our respects of the . . . , and have since 
 received your favours of the . ! . and .... We are 
 much obliged by your information, 1 and observe, with 
 pleasure, that you had refused acceptance of the Bour- 
 deaux drafts, which was a fortunate circumstance. Our 
 respects of ... will have given you such information 
 respecting this affair, that it is unnecessary for us to 
 enlarge upon it. 2 
 
 We should have been better pleased had you delayed 
 remitting to London for a fe\v days longer, 3 as the 
 event has shown it would have been more profitable, 
 and we thought your usual sagacity would have foreseen 
 it. 4 In the hope of succeeding at your last quotation 
 of thirty-six and three, or perhaps lower, we request 
 
 fyaben nrir Sfyren vatten: ... ten bcftcn 
 berettet. 
 2 cerfcienen uufcrn >an. 
 
 1 fur Styren 23ertd)t 
 
 2 un3 baruber nod) roeiter auSjulaffen. 
 
 3 roenn @te Me SKemeffe nacfy Sonfcon etnige age aufgefcfyo* 
 ben fatten. 
 
 4 3f)r gcwo^nltd&cr.^arfbticE^attcbicfcS t?ora6fcfyen miiffem 
 
190 
 
 you, in the course of two or three posts, as may be 
 most advantageous, to remit Mr. G. D. in Glasgow, for 
 our account, 252 . . 10 . . 6, or not less than two hundred 
 and fifty pounds, at two months' date: we hope you will 
 consult our interest by choosing the lowest possible ex- 
 change; 5 you will, of course, draw the amount on us 
 (including your commission), at two months' or six weeks* 
 date, and you may rely on prompt honour being shown 
 to your drafts. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXIL 
 
 To Vienna. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 \YE have duly noted the contents of your two favours 
 of the . . . ult. and . . . inst., and shall be careful to 
 execute your order for remitting two hundred and fifty- 
 two pounds ten shillings and six pence sterling to Mr. 
 G. D. in Glasgow, on the best possible terms, 1 - and 
 balance the amount by our draft on you for the same 
 sum; on our exchange yesterday, much paper 3 on Lon- 
 don remained unsold; we, therefore, think it will go 
 somewhat more in your favour before next post; we 
 are, notwithstanding, of opinion that the exchange on 
 Vienna will be against you. We may, therefore, find 
 it advantageous to sell our drafts on you at the current 
 course, 3 and execute your order with the amount in a 
 
 5 tnbem ie ben moglicfyft mcbrtgen (Sours rcdfylen. 
 
 1 &u ben mo^ltcfyft bejhn 23ebtngungen, 
 
 2 mde 2Bcd)fcU 
 
 3 nnr burften eS bcmn ratl;fam ftnben, unfere ftratten auf^tc 
 jinn gangbarcn Gourfc gu t>er?aufen. 
 
191 
 
 day or two. Should we draw on 'Change, 4 we shall let 
 you know in a postscript. The English exchange has, of 
 late, been very unsettled, 6 and it was impossible to fore- 
 see either a rise or fall. On the 30th till, it was at thirty- 
 six, on the 4th inst. it was down at thirty-five and ten, 
 on the 11 tli at thirty-six and one; and yesterday again 
 at thirty-six. You can, therefore, not be displeased 6 at 
 the rate of last remittance made for you; but, on the 
 contrary, hope you will honour us with your further com- 
 mands, assuring you of the esteem with which we are, &c. 
 
 P. S. Agreeably to the contents of our above respects, 
 we have taken the liberty of valuing on you, viz. 
 Florins 1000 C. order A. M. 
 817 57 do. do. 
 
 Together 1817 57; say one thousand eight hundred and 
 seventeen florins fifty-seven cruitzers, at six weeks' date, 
 order A. M., for which we credit your account at 154 
 per cent, in B. Mcs. per . . . , and entreat 7 your ac- 
 ceptance of our drafts. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXIII. 
 
 To Vienna. 
 
 Hamburyh. 
 
 LAST post we had the pleasure of addressing you, advi- 
 sing our drafts of Fl. 1817 57, at six weeks' date, order 
 A. M. to the credit of your account; and now have to 
 
 4 foliten rait an bcr 23orfc auf @ic abgeben. 
 
 5 ift futjttd) fctyr fcfyroanfenfc gercefem 
 
 6 imcjefyalten. 
 
 7 crbitten. 
 
192 
 
 inform you that we yesterday remitted, by your order, 
 and for your account, 1 to Mr. G. D. in Glasgow, 252.. 
 10 . . 6, at two months', upon London; and now take the 
 liberty of balancing the amount, as per note at foot, three 
 thousand four hundred and thirteen marcs banco, at 155 
 per cent, equal to two thousand six hundred and forty- 
 five florins five cruitzers; from which, deducting our 
 drafts as above, there remain eight hundred and twenty- 
 seven florins five cruitzers due to us, which we have this 
 day drawn for, at six weeks, to the order of A. M., and 
 recommend our signature to your protection. 
 
 Paper on Vienna varied but little yesterday; 2 some 
 was bought at % to y a per cent, difference. It shows that 
 we were justified in not delaying our drafts. 
 
 Three mails are now due, so that we are deprived of 
 your favours. 3 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 Account of a remittance made to Mr. G. D. in Glasgow, 
 by order and for account of Messrs. K. and B. in Vienna, 
 of 252.. 10.. 6 sterling; at thirty-five and ten G. 
 
 BO. Mcs. 3393 5 
 
 Commission Y 3 per cent 11 5 
 
 Brokerage 2 per thousand 6 13 
 
 Postage 19 
 
 Together B. Mcs. 3413 
 
 At 155 per cent, equal to Current Florins . . . 
 Errors excepted. 
 
 1 nad) Sfyrer )rber unb fur Styre 
 
 2 roar gepern nicfyt fcfyr oeranDcrltcf). 
 
 3 (6 fe()len (unS berettS) bret 5) often (ober brei $p often fmb 
 nun auSvjcbltcbcn), n>e5';alb unr 3&rc ^ad;iid;tcn cntbcfyrcn. 
 
193 
 
 LETTER CLXXIV. 
 
 To Glasgow. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 On the 18th inst. we had the honour of remitting you, 
 by order and for account of Messrs. K. and B. in Vienna, 
 252.. 10.. 6, in a second bill on Messrs. P. and B. in 
 London; the first lying accepted with Messrs, L. and X. 
 there. 1 Enclosed we beg leave to transmit you the third 2 
 qf the same, to serve in case of need. 
 
 With our best offers of service, at this place, 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXV. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Glasgow. 
 
 WE duly received your favours of the . . . and .... Your 
 remittance of 252 . . 10 . . 6, on Messrs. P. and B. in 
 London, is in order, and shall be passed to account of 
 our mutual friends Messrs. K. and B. in Vienna. 
 
 We beg you to command our services in this place, 1 
 and remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXVL 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 IN our last of the . . . , we requested you to remit, for 
 our account, to Mr. G. D. in Glasgow, 252 . . 10 . . 6 
 
 1 )ie sprtma liegt fret ben bortigen 4>erren & & # acceptirt 
 
 2 third (of exchange), Sertta (*2Bed&fel4Briej), 
 
 1 SSir erfucfyen @ie, ufcer unfere 2)ienjle in fyiefigem Srte 
 ju gebieten. 
 
 13 
 
194 
 
 sterling; and as we have since been informed, by indirect 
 conveyances 1 from your city, that the exchange was gra- 
 dually falling, and bills at long dates 2 could be had even 
 under thirty -six shillings, we entertain hopes of seeing 
 this order advantageously executed. 
 
 As the exchange is now rather better than we usually 
 find it, and in order further to increase 3 our correspon- 
 dence, we request you to remit, in the course of twto 
 posts from receipt of the present, 4 and at the most favour- 
 able course, three hundred pounds sterling, in direct paper, 
 at two months' date, to Messrs. H. S. G. and Co. in 
 London, for our account, and value, as usual, on us for 
 your advance. 5 We enclose, for your perusal, an exchange- 
 list 6 of last post (the present being a holiday.) Waiting 
 your advices and kind orders, we remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXVII. 
 
 To Vienna. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 WE have before us your esteemed letters of the . . . 
 and . . . , the latter of .which came to hand yesterday. 
 In compliance with your last order, 1 we remitted yester- 
 day to Messrs. H. S. G. and Co. in London, for your 
 
 1 auf intirectem 
 
 2 langfidjttge 23riefe. 
 
 3 erroeitern. 
 
 4 ttom (mpfamje biefeS an, 
 
 5 Qegtn Styr (SJutfyaben. 
 
 6 2Btr fd)ltefjen p Styrer tteberftcf)t einen Gour$*3ettet bei. 
 
 leten )rber gemafj. 
 
195 
 
 account, 300 sterling, at two months, against which we 
 have this day drawn as follows, at 155 per cent. 
 Current Florins 1100 cr. 
 
 720 
 
 500 
 
 481 45 
 
 340 23 
 
 Cr. Flo. , 3142 8 cr. 
 
 Order A. M., at six weeks' date; say three thousand one 
 hundred and forty-two florins eight cruitzers; which you 
 will have the kindness to accept, in order to balance 
 this transaction. We have deemed it most to your ad- 
 vantage 2 to execute your order immediately; for, during 
 the approaching holidays, good bills may not easily be 
 found; and besides, many English mails are now due, 9 
 on the arrival of which we may look for a rise in the 
 exchange. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXVIII. 
 
 To Vienna. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 .LiGHT days since 1 we had the honour to advise our 
 remitting 300 to Messrs. H. S. G. and Co. in London, 
 and mentioning, at the same time, our drafts for the 
 amount, at 155 per cent.; namely, Currt. Flo. 3142 8 cr. 
 
 2 2Btr fnelten e am ttottfyeilfjafteften fur 
 
 3 unt) uberfcteS fefylen jet mele englifcfye 
 
 1 25or a<$t 
 
 13* 
 
196 
 
 in five bills, at six weeks' date, order A. M.: confirming 
 this, we now remit you, for our account, 
 Ct. Flo. 1200 Six weeks' date, on J. 31. and 
 2521 17 ditto ditto S. G. in 
 
 Augsburgh, payable in Vienna. 
 
 Flo. 3721 17 
 
 Acceptance whereof you will procure, and protect our 
 drafts of this day; 3 viz.: 
 Fl. 2000 and 
 
 1720; together Fl. 3720, at six weeks' date, order 
 A. M. 
 
 We also trouble you with a bill for Fl. 1150, upon 
 F. O. M., of which w r e beg you to procure acceptance, 
 and deliver it to the holders of the second. It being 
 now the close of the year, we beg to offer you our thanks 
 for your favours during its continuance, 3 and to hope 
 for the honour of your commands during the succeeding 
 one, assuring you of every exertion on our part for 
 your interest. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 f 
 
 P. S. Pray excuse the trouble we give you in en- 
 closing another first for Ct. Fl. 1117 16 upon J. G., of 
 which you will procure the needful, and deliver against 
 the second in course. 4 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 2 raotton @ie Accept beforgen, unb unfere Sratten t>om fyeutigen 
 Sage fcfyu^en rcerben. 
 
 3 25et bem cfytufie btefe$ SatyreS bitten nnr ^te, unfern )an 
 fur Sf;r, un umfyrenb beffelben, berciefeneS SBotylrcotten, 
 an^unefymen. 
 
 4 unb ifyn gegen bte gtrirte <2?ecunba aufltefern wotten* 
 
197 
 LETTER CLXXIX. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 OUNCE our last of the . . inst. we are favoured with 
 yours of the ... and <*. . The affair of the bill per 
 2000 B. Mcs. upon M. and -D. is now in perfect order, 1 
 and you are credited for your expenses on the same: 
 with your remittance of ; 252.. 10.. 6, made by our 
 order to Glasgow, we are perfectly satisfied. Your 
 drafts are accepted, and the transaction is booked in 
 conformity. 2 We hope you will be equally successful 
 with our last commission for 300; your drafts in anti- 
 cipation of the same, 8 namely, Fl. C. 1817 57 cr., shall 
 have our protection. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXX. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 1 HREE mails having arrived since our last of ... , have 
 brought us your sundry favours of ... ; and we thank 
 you for executing our orders so well. 
 
 Your draft Fl. C. 827 8, order A. M., is already ac- 
 cepted, and which we shall pass to your debit at 155 
 per cent. Your five drafts, together Fl. C. 3142 8 cr. 
 order A. M., against the remittance of 300, to H. S. 
 G. and Co. of London, shall meet due honour on pre- 
 sentation. Again we have to request you (as no exchange 
 seems to answer better than yours upon London) to 
 
 1 ijl nun ttotlfommen iff )rbmmg. 
 
 2 unb ba efdjdft gletcfjformtg gebu<$t. 
 
 3 3&re barauf S3ejug fcabenben fatten. 
 
198 
 
 remit 300 sterling, at the highest at thirty-five and 
 ten, to Messrs. W. S. and Co. in London, for our 
 account, and reimburse yourselves upon us as usual, 
 except that we wish your drafts to be at two months 
 instead of six weeks: we recommend this order to your 
 best care. 1 
 
 Your remittances Fl. C. 1200 and 2521 17 upon 
 sundries in Augsburgh* are already sent for acceptance, 
 and our next shall inform you of their fate. 
 
 Your drafts together Fl. C. 3720 shall be honoured 
 of course. 3 The two first bills of Fl. C. 1150 on F. O. 
 M. and 1117 16 J. G. are in order, and shall be de- 
 livered as requested. 4 It being our custom to balance 
 all accounts at the end of the year, we beg leave to 
 hand you your account current, which leaves two hundred 
 and fifty-eight florins thirty-three cruitzers in your favour, 
 which please examine, and if found correct, pass to our 
 debit in new account. 5 
 
 Your congratulations on the new year we most sincere- 
 ly reciprocate; and earnestly wish that all our future 
 transactions may proceed 6 as amicably and satisfactorily 
 as heretofore. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 1 twr empfefylen btefen 93tufhacj 3$rer mogttcfyftett 
 
 2 auf mefyrere $lttcjg&ura,er, 
 
 3 fotten auf jeben gad befte 2lufna!;me fwbetu 
 
 4 nacfy Sfyrem SBunfdje. 
 
 5 waS @ie prufen unb natf) SRedjtfmben in unfer Qtbtt auf 
 neuc SRecfynuna, ttcr^utragen Wieben, 
 
 6 t>cn <Statten gefyen. 
 
199 
 
 LETTER CLXXXI. 
 
 To Vienna. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 \VE are duly favoured with your letter of the . . . , and 
 having examined and found correct our account current, 
 we debit you for the balance with Ct. Fl. 258 33 cr. 
 We observed some trifling differences in the interest 
 account, but of too frivolous a nature to be mentioned, 1 
 and we merely notice it for the sake of regularity. Re- 
 specting your order to remit 300 sterling to Messrs. W. 
 S. and Co. in London, we are sorry to say that the 
 execution of it is totally out of our power; and, to con- 
 vince you, we enclose an exchange-list, which shews 
 how unexpectedly the course has risen. We exerted our- 
 selves to the utmost to procure bills even a few groats 
 higher than your limits, but this was impossible; and as 
 there is every probability of its now remaining steady,* 
 we resolved to await your instructions before we ventured 
 further, 
 
 We are truly, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXXII. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 WE have duly received your esteemed letter of the . . . , 
 and are sorry you could not execute our exchange order, 1 
 
 1 abet son ju unbebeutenber 9lrt, nl bag 
 btenten, 
 
 2 bag cr nun fcffc bteibt. 
 
200 
 
 which we now beg you will annul, as we have found 
 bills here which will answer our purpose almost as well 
 as the limits we gave you. We observe, with regret, 
 that some errors have found their way into your account 
 current; 2 which, however small, 3 we must make a point 
 of correcting, it being our plan never to pass over 4 an 
 error, though you kindly take it in its real sense, as an 
 oversight, 5 but to show you how fully the author 6 of the 
 fault (the writer of the present) is sensible of the careless- 
 ness, we are urged, 7 in support of our usual system of 
 correctness, as well as for our own satisfaction, to enclose 
 you another account, in which, we believe, no error 
 will be found. The difference, viz. twenty cruitzers, Is 
 in your favour. 
 
 We are anxiously expecting your advices, and hope 
 soon to be favoured with your commands, being very 
 respectfully, &Q. 
 
 LETTER CLXXXIII. 
 
 To Dantzic. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 WE have been favoured with your address by our 
 worthy friends Messrs. K. and Co. here, and hope the 
 correspondence, which we now take the liberty of enter- 
 
 2 bap ftd) einige Srrt^umer in S^rem <5onto*orrent befanbew, 
 
 3 fo unbebcutenb fie au$ fein mogen. 
 
 4 ju ubergefyen. 
 
 5 obgletd& @ie i^n gutigft fftr ba$ nefymen, tt>a er totrflity ijl, 
 namlt<$ fur ein 
 
 6 Ur^eber. 
 
 7 t>eranlajit. 
 
201 
 
 ing upon, 1 will, in the end, prove mutually agreeable 
 and beneficial. We wait upon you with 2 a small con- 
 signment of two casks of best refined sugars, shipped on 
 board the Hoffnung, Peter Diricks, amounting, according 
 to enclosed invoice, to B. per ... , and request you, 
 upon arrival of the ship, to take the same under your 
 protection, 3 and dispose of them to best advantage. The 
 quality is particularly fine, and we therefore hope it will 
 leave us a considerable profit: we, moreover, wish that 
 this beginning on our part may lead to some transactions 
 of consequence between us, which we shall be always 
 ready to promote, and hope to find the same disposition 
 in you. The present situation of our markets and busi- 
 ness in general will be sufficiently explained to you by 
 the enclosed price-current. 4 The demand for refined 
 sugars is trifling, but such quality as ours will always 
 support its prices. 
 
 Our merchants are, however, in daily expectation of 
 considerable orders for this article from the interior of 
 Germany, and the prices will, of course keep pace* 
 with the demand. Coffee has been rery variable 6 during 
 this season; at present the prices may be called rather 
 low. 7 We shall anxiously expect your advices, not merely 
 
 1 bag bet 23rtefroecfel, ttelcfyen nrir jefct anjvtfnupfen un$ 
 erlauben. 
 
 2 ertfyeiten nut Sfynen permit. 
 
 3 btefelben in S^rc SSerroafyruncj ju nc^mcn. 
 
 4 urirb Sfynen bur$ betge^enben $rei$=<ourant 
 flat werben. 
 
 5 <3$rttt flatten, 
 
 6 oeranbcrlid). 
 
 7 $temli$ niebng. 
 
202 
 
 on account of our sugars, but to assure ourselves of your 
 inclination to continue a correspondence of great mutual 
 advantage. It now only remains for us 8 to offer you 
 our services, in whatever way they can be useful to you; 
 and begging to assure you of our unfeigned respect, 9 we 
 remain sincerely, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXXIV. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Dantzic. 
 
 WE are honoured with your esteemed letter of the . . . , 
 and beg to offer you our best thanks for the confidence 
 you have been kind enough to repose in us, 1 which it 
 shall be our constant study to improve 2 and reciprocate. 
 We shall make the necessary use of your invoice of two 
 casks of refined sugar, and exert ourselves to the utmost 
 for your interest in the sale. 
 
 Captain Diricks has not yet made his appearance, but 
 on his arrival we hope the frost will enable us to convey 
 your goods on sledges, 3 which is advantageous in every 
 respect. This article is now quoted at 39 to 40 Guilders 
 per stein of twenty-two Berlin pounds: if your goods are 
 of exceedingly fine quality, forty Guilders and a half 
 
 8 & bleibt un nun nur nodj ubrtg. 
 
 9 t>on unfcrer aitfrirfjttgen od)ac()tung tterpdjert ju fein, 
 
 1 fur ba Sutrauen, tt>el<$eS <te in un$ ju fe|en tic ute 
 tyaben. 
 
 2 ttermetyren. 
 
 3 (ri^tiger: sleds) 
 
203 
 
 may be obtained for it; this article is usually sold upon 
 two or three months' credit. Coffee is in tolerable de- 
 mand; and, although we have bad considerable supplies 
 from Liverpool, our stock is still kept low; 4 ordinary 
 quality is worth 59 to 61, middling 61 Y 2 to 62 3 / 4 , fine 63 
 to 64 Polish groats per pound. Rice brings 10y 2 florins 
 per stein of three and thirty Berlin pounds. Raisins are 
 extremely scarce, and some were lately sold at the rate 
 of fifteen florins per stein of twenty-two Berlin pounds. 
 Some supply is expected from Lubec, but, should it not 
 arrive, this article will be well worth your attention. 5 
 Our corn prices are depressed; 6 wheat is quoted at 430 
 to 450 florins; rye 230 to 260; barley 200 to 240; peas 
 260 to 320 florins: these prices will probably not advance, 
 the influx 7 being greater than the export, as few foreign 
 orders have been received. Potashes are much in de- 
 mand, and very scarce; every small parcel which comes 
 into the market is instantly bought up at an enormous 
 price. Calcined 8 ashes are worth 137 to 144 florins, 
 while Hungarian bring 147. Feathers have been much 
 sought after the whole summer for exportation to Eng- 
 land, and the best quality stands now at 54 florins. Good 
 profits have been made this year on wax, and fine yellow 
 colour brings fifty groats per pound. We request yon, 
 moreover, to observe that all export goods are bought 
 in gold ducats of twelve florins, and our imports are paid 
 for in current money. 9 
 
 4 fo ijt imfet SSorratfy bodj nut gering. 
 
 5 fo mocfyte biefer Slrtifel S^rer Slufmerffamfeit tterty fein. 
 
 6 gebrucft (gefunfen), 
 
 7 nfit$r. 
 
 8 (Salcinirte. 
 
 9 in gangfcarem (@tfl>er=) elbe. 
 
204 
 
 Finally, we beg to repeat that we shall always endea- 
 vour to merit your confidence, and hope by this to make 
 a favourable impression on your mind. 10 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXXV. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Dantzic. 
 
 WE had this pleasure last post, and hasten now to In- 
 form you that Captain P. D. arrived yesterday in our 
 harbour, but not without having sustained some damage 
 in the ship's hull, 1 which, however, he says, will not 
 prejudice the cargo. 2 He has already made his protest 
 to this effect 3 before the admiralty. As soon as your 
 two casks of sugar are released, we shall procure the 
 most advantageous sale, and hold the proceeds at your 
 disposal. 4 There is but little stir in business during this 
 severe season of the year. Corn is still flat, from the 
 want of 5 foreign orders; and we are of opinion that very 
 cheap purchases may be made in the ensuing spring. 
 Wax is also on the decline, 6 and may be bought at prices 
 uncommonly low. Most other articles are as per our 
 last statement/ 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 10 urn babur$ Styre gunfttgen eftnmmgen ju ertyalfen. 
 
 1 aber ber SRumpf fetneS <Sd)iffe$ tyat eintgen ^djaben etltttetn 
 
 2 ... ber Cabling ntcfyt nadjtfyetlig fan ttrirb, 
 
 3 u biefer $bjt$t. 
 
 4 unb ben (Ertrag ju Sfyrer SSerfugung bemt ^altea. 
 
 5 attS Stfangel an. 
 
 6 tm SJaflen. 
 
 7 ttrie twr jic in unferer iefcten 9>reiWtpe anfufcrten. 
 
205 
 
 LETTER CLXXXVI. 
 
 To Dantzic. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 WE have duly received your two favours of the . . . and 
 . . . , and return you our warmest thanks for your 
 friendly disposition. Your mercantile advices are very 
 acceptable, 1 and we shall be thankful for a continuance 
 of them. We observe with pleasure the arrival of Cap- 
 tain P. D., and hope he has delivered our two casks of 
 sugar in good condition, and that you will effect a speedy 
 and advantageous sale of it. 
 
 Whenever you find an article which answer well In 
 our market, and wish to make us consignments for joint 
 account, we will thank you to give us timely information, 
 that you may have our determination before a shipment 
 takes place. 2 The annexed price-current will amply give 
 you the state of our market; 3 but it is necessary to 
 add, 4 that at our sales of this day, refined sugar and 
 coffee rose considerably, and will, without doubt, main- 
 tain themselves, if not advance much more. Spices have 
 experienced no alteration. We earnestly wish to render 5 
 you every service in this place, and recommend ourselves 
 to you. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 1 ftnb un$ fe$r twUfommen.; 
 
 2 etye eine SSettabimg @tatt finbet. 
 
 3 . .. nnrb Sfynen ... auSfufytUdjert 23entf)t geben, 
 
 4 nnr muffen ne$ fnnjufugem 
 
 5 erjeujen. 
 
206 
 LETTER CLXXXVII. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Dantzic. 
 
 ON the 29th ultimo we had the pleasure of advising 
 Captain D.'s arrival, and being determined to lose no 
 time in placing your goods, 1 we accepted of an advanta- 
 geous offer, and disposed of them at forty-one florins 
 per stein', which we hope you will approve of. Annexed 
 is the account of sales, the amount of which, namely, 
 three thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven florins, we 
 hold at your disposal. 2 
 
 Had the quality been a little finer (for it was not the 
 very best), we could have obtained half a florin 4 raore 
 from the Jews who frequent our markets. 
 
 We feel a strong desire 3 to enliven our correspondence, 
 but at present the situation of business is somewhat dan- 
 gerous, and we are unwilling to incur a loss. Refined 
 sugar is , in our opinion, the only safe article; and we 
 should have no objection to receive four casks for joint 
 account, to be sent from Lubec by sea, or direct from 
 your place, if you have a quicker conveyance. Should 
 you accept this proposal, every exertion shall be made 
 on our part to sell them to advantage. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 1 nut bem SSerftwf Styret 28aare feme Scit ^u uerlieren. 
 
 2 beren S5etra$ t>on . . . ttir ju Sfyrer SSerfugung an 
 beljdten, 
 
 3 2Bir n 
 

 
 207 
 
 Account Sales of two casks of refined sugars per the 
 ship ... ? for account of Messrs. L. and Co. in Ham- 
 burgh, weighing 
 
 104 stein 1 Ib. at 41 Florins per stein, Fl. 
 Charges to be deducted: 1 
 
 Freight Fl. 61 17 gr. 
 
 Duty and agio 83 12 
 
 Carriage 2 6 18 
 
 Expenses of sale 3 14 15 
 
 Porterage from the warehouse 4 . . 2 12 
 
 Brokerage 12 12 
 
 Commission and del credere .... 127 29 
 
 308 25 
 
 Nett Proceeds . . . 
 
 Errors excepted. 
 
 Danttic, the 
 
 LETTER CLXXXVIII. 
 
 To Dantzic. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 WE received your favour of the ... , in due course, 
 with the account sales of our two casks of sugars, with 
 which we are perfectly satisfied, and thank you for your 
 attention to our interest. You are debited for the amount, 
 and we expect your remittances when it becomes due. 1 
 
 1 5lb an 
 
 2 gu$rfio$n. 
 
 3 Sluslagen fcetm SSerfauf. 
 
 4 rdcjer=2ofyn oom @i>ei<$ 
 
203 
 
 Your proposal for four casks of refined sugars , for joint 
 account, either from Lubec, or direct from hence, we 
 accept and shall carry into effect with all necessary 
 precaution, and promise ourselves some profit from the 
 result. 2 We are now in want of ships at our port, 
 otherwise would have consigned you some coffee of fine 
 and middling quality, which, we believe, would have been 
 a good speculation, as your advices lead us to look for an 
 advance in this article as well as sugar. 8 Some failures 
 have taken place here, 4 but none of consequence. 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CLXXXIX. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Dantzie. 
 
 WE are favoured with yours of the . . . , and regret 
 sincerely that want of shipping 1 prevented you from 
 sending us some coffee on speculation. 
 
 The advance, which has since taken place in your 
 market, produced a similar effect upon ours, for we have 
 seen fine sugars paid for as high as forty-five florins per 
 stein. Coffee also supports itself; 2 fine middling stands 
 at seventy-two, middling sixty-nine, and ordinary quality 
 sixty-seven to sixty-eight florins. 
 
 Herewith we have the pleasure of remitting you Rix- 
 clollars, 351.. 16 banco, at ten weeks' date, upon G. K. 
 
 2 unb t>erfpterf)en un em gettrinn&rtngenbeS 
 
 3 ta un 3f)re 23eric^te ... , ein 0teigen erwarten taffen. 
 
 4 <&& fyaben fid) fyter etmge gaUtmente ereignet. 
 
 1 SCRcmgel an $tffidelegenVett 
 
 2 tfaffee credit fi$ 
 
209 
 
 and 300 rls. upon J. G. P. and Co., together six hundred 
 and fifty-one rix-dollars sixteen shillings banco, whereof 
 you will procure the needful, and place the amount to 
 our credit against the nett proceeds of your sugars, in 
 three thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven florins, as per 
 annexed note. 3 We hope something will soon occur to 
 enliven our correspondence, to which every possible exer* 
 don on our part shall be contributed. 
 
 We are, <fec. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 Rs. 651 16 BO. at 169 groshen and 1 per mille for du- 
 cats, equal . . Fl. 3676 11 gr. 
 
 Agio on 306 ducats at 27 gr. . / . . . 275 12 
 
 Bill brokerage, and stamps 57 
 
 Fl. Ct. 3957 gr. 
 
 LETTER CXC. 
 
 To Dantzic. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 WE duly received your favour of the ... ult., and your 
 remittances, Ct. Fl. 3957, are already in order, and shall, 
 at maturity, be placed to your credit against the proceeds 
 of our sugar. 
 
 We have now the pleasure of enclosing you invoice and 
 bill of lading of four casks refined sugars, which we have 
 shipped to your address, by Captain N. B. via 1 Lubec, 
 and for the half amount of which we debit your account 
 
 3 laut angefcogener Sftote, 
 
 1 ubcr. 
 
 14 
 
210 
 
 in rix-dollars banco, one thousand nine hundred and eighty- 
 nine, and fifteen shillings. We hope they will reach you 
 in safety, 2 and meet with a quick sale, for we paid their 
 cost in ready money, 3 and, therefore, should be glad to 
 receive our funds. It was not in our power to fulfil this 
 commission sooner; so high as thirty-one three quarters 
 to thirty-two groats we did not choose to pay: 4 it was 
 with difficulty we obtained them at thirty, five-eighths, 
 paying ready money, and at present such quality cannot 
 be bought under thirty-two groats per pound. We doubt 
 not that our exertions will, in the end, be beneficial, 
 when assisted by your activity.* Our prices will, in all 
 probability, advance much, for foreign orders are pouring 
 in fast, and the bakers 7 can scarcely supply the present 
 demand: fine coffee is to-day at seventeen and a half to 
 eighteen shillings banco per pound, and ordinary is worth 
 about sixteen. 
 
 Should you find any article in the enclosed price^cur- 
 rent worth your attention, you may rely on the promptest 
 attention in the execution of your orders. 
 
 We take the liberty of enclosing some letters, which 
 we wish to be safely delivered, and, therefore, will thank 
 you to see our wishes fulfilled, as well in regard to those 
 in your place as the others, which we request may be 
 sent under cover to your correspondents at their respective 
 
 2 
 
 3 in fcarem (M&e. 
 
 4 benn wit roollten nfcfyt gern . . . geben. 
 
 5 ttenn Styre f)dttg5eit fte unterflugt, 
 
 6 ba triele auSrodrtige 3Juftrdge jet etnlaufen. 
 
 7 (sugar-bakers, ofcer sugar-refiners) 
 
211 
 
 destinations, charging the postage to our account, where- 
 by you will much oblige 
 
 Your obedient servants, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXCI. 
 
 To HamburgJi. 
 
 Dantzic. 
 
 WE received your esteemed favour of the . . . , with 
 documents of four casks of refined sugars for joint ac- 
 count, with which we are perfectly satisfied: against our 
 share, viz.: one thousand nine hundred and eighty-nine 
 rix-dollars, fifteen shillings banco, for which you are cre- 
 dited, we remit you enclosed, 
 
 R. & s. 463 15 on F. L. and 
 
 200 on L. V. and Co. 
 
 making together six hundred and sixty-three rix-dollars, 
 fifteen shillings banco, whereof we request you will pro- 
 vide acceptance and payment, 1 at maturity, to our credit. 
 On arrival of the vessel, we purpose sending you about 
 four hundred rix-dollars for your own account; we shall 
 not fail to procure the quickest sale and the best price; 
 and we hope to realize a handsome profit by this specu- 
 lation, particularly as the approaching fine weather will 
 render the transport .to the interior much easier than it 
 is at present. We earnestly recommend the article of 
 window-glass 2 to your attention, particularly the sorts 
 called BBB HHH JJJ, which, if you can get them to- 
 lerably cheap, will render to good account; they bring 
 here ninety to one hundred florins per corb, a including 
 
 1 Accept unb <tngang 
 
 2 genjteta, 
 
 3 corb (ofcer crate), ter ^acf^orb (etn groger gtobgeflocl) 
 tener ^orb, in rcelc^en for$eaan, la$ unfc uberfyaupt 
 
 geroofynlicfy wpatft nnvfc), 
 
 14* 
 
212 
 
 the retail excise, 4 which is 10 per cent ad valorem.* The 
 enclosures your last brought us shall be taken care of; 
 some are delivered already. The houses you mention in 
 this town are considered ; as very safe. This, however, 
 we mention without further responsibility. 6 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXCII. 
 
 To Dantzic. 
 
 Hamburgh. 
 
 REPLYING to your favour of the . . . , we have the plea- 
 sure to advise acceptance of your remittances, 
 R. & s. 463 . . 15 on F. L. and 
 
 200 on L. V. and Co. 
 
 making together R. & s. 603.. 15, which shall be placed 
 to your credit in due time. We beg you to accept our 
 thanks for your promptitude 1 in this instance, as also for 
 your intention of remitting us four hundred rix-dollars 
 more on arrival of the ship. 
 
 On such liberal terms we hope to have transactions 
 of more consequence pass between our houses; and this 
 plan is the more agreeable, as it enables us to make all 
 our coffee and sugar purchases with ready money, and, 
 of course, on better terms. Refined sugars are advancing 
 rapidly, and, should no unexpected supplies of the raw 
 material drop in^ we may expect this article exorbitantly 
 
 4 mit Stnf^luf t>er 5lcctfe fur ben SScrfauf im Gnt^elnen, 
 
 5 (i". e. on the value) com SSertfy, 
 
 6 SSir ntetben bteS jebp<$ ol;ne roeitere 23eranttt?ortti^feit 
 unferer 
 
 2 unt> foflten nitfyt unerrcartete3ufu$ten be* ro^en 2ftatertal$ 
 anfommen, 
 
213 
 
 dear. Coffee is also much dearer, and we have received 
 very advanced quotations from London and Liverpool: 8 
 large parcels are daily sent away to Holland, and orders 
 from the interior of Germany come very quick. We have 
 the residue* of a large purchase of fine middling 5 St. 
 Domingo coffee, now on our hands, consisting of four 
 casks , which we will consign to you by Captain L, The 
 purchase-price was 6 . . , and you may have them for 
 your own account, if it please you. We shall draw the 
 amount at two months, and charge you only 1 l / z per cent. 
 commission , in place of 2 per cent., which all our other 
 correspondents allow us. 7 We thank you for your opinion 
 of 8 the houses we inquired after, which we are glad to 
 find are respectable and solid; some of them, and, we be- 
 lieve, 9 the best, have made overtures 10 concerning blank 
 credits, which we have positively refused upon any condi- 
 tions whatsoever. 
 
 We thank you likewise for the hint about window- 
 glass, 11 and we shall make a calculation and try if any 
 thing can be done to advantage. In expectation of your 
 reply, we remain, &c v 
 
 3 unb tft un oon ... ju fetyr et^o^ten gjreifen notirt 
 
 4 ben SReft. 
 
 5 mittetfetn. 
 
 6 fcer Cinfaufg=$rei ttar. 
 
 7 unS fcugeftefyem 
 
 8 SSSir banfen fur Styren S3ert$t ubet, ic. 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 5tt$t roemget ftnb ttrit Stynen . . . 
 
214 
 LETTER CXCIII. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Danttic. 
 
 SiNCE our last of the ... , wherein we remitted you B". 
 R. & s. 663.. 15, we are without any of your favours. 
 Hereby we would merely advise the arrival of Captain L. 
 with our four casks of sugars. As soon as they are land- 
 ed we hope to effect an excellent sale, for trade seems to 
 have acquired new life from k the appearance of immense 
 numbers of Polish Jews, who are purchasing for the north 
 in considerable quantities. According to our promise, we 
 remit you here enclosed R. & s. 400, at six weeks' date 
 upon F. B., for which please give us credit in current flo- 
 rins for two thousand four hundred and twenty-six, twenty- 
 eight groshen. We are obliged by your offer of a parcel 
 of coffee ,* but are sorry it is not in our power to accept 
 the same, having considerable quantities on the way from 
 Liverpool; but should you think proper 2 to make us a 
 consignment of the same for your own account, you may 
 rely on all attention being paid to if. 
 
 We have the pleasure of enclosing a letter from our 
 good friend Mr. L. H. of this place, who, at our recom- 
 mendation, has determined to confide his Hamburgh 
 transactions to your care. He does business chiefly in 
 the insurance line, 3 and also transacts considerable ex- 
 change business. 4 We consider him to be a very safe 
 
 1 SBir ftnb Sfynen fur Styre )fferte etner spartte tfaffee t>er 
 bunben. 
 
 2 fottten @ie e aber fur geetgnet fatten. 
 
 3 er twfcmet ficfy fyauptfdcfyttcfy bent ^ffecura 
 
 4 unb treibt aud) bebeutenben SBecfyfel^anbel. 
 
215 
 
 man, and if you were Inclined to make any exception 
 in your treatment of blank-credit offers, we should gladly 
 see it in his favour. We have also spoken in your favour 
 to Mr. J. F. M., and Mr. J. C. D., both good houses, 
 who have promised you a share of their concerns. 5 Ow 
 prices are without alteration, and we remain, &c. 
 
 LETTER CXCIV. 
 
 To Dantzic. 
 
 Hamburgh* 
 
 WE are favoured with your esteemed letter of the . . . , 
 enclosing a bill for R. & s. 400, on J. F. B., which is 
 accepted, and at your credit. We expect soon to be 
 favoured with the account sales of our joint sugar. 1 
 We herewith reply to Mr. L. H.'s letter, and for his 
 introduction, as well as the recommendation to Mr. J. 
 F. M. and Mr. J. C. D., we return you our sincere thanks, 
 and hope it may shortly be in our power 2 to evince 
 more plainly our sense of your friendship. 3 In business 
 there is nothing new, yet colonial produce, owing to 
 the small supply on hand, must maintain itself if not 
 advance. 4 
 
 We recommend ourselves to the continuance of your 
 friendship, and remain, &c. 
 
 5 cinen 
 
 1 tic 2$erfauf*5Rota unfereS 3uc?erS fur gemeinfc&aftttd&e 
 SRecfymmc; erroarten nnt balb. 
 
 2 SBir tyofFen, bag eS unS balb mogltc!) fctn ttntb, 
 
 3 2$nen bie Slnerfennung Styrer gteunbfcfyaft 
 roeifeu, 
 
 4 im spreife fatten, tt>o ni<$t metyr 
 
216 
 LETTER CXCV. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 Dantzic. 
 
 WE observe with pleasure from your favour of (he . . , 
 that you have taken advantage of some of our intro- 
 ductions, 1 and we hope [these connexions will he both 
 durable and advantageous. 2 Be assured we shall ever 
 feel sincere pleasure in promoting your views. As there 
 is every appearance of a fall in refined sugars, or, at 
 least, of their remaining stationary, 3 we have seized a 
 good opportunity of selling our joint parcel, and accord- 
 ingly give you credit for one half in four thousand two 
 hundred and forty-seven florins; the account sales shall 
 follow in our next. For the above reasons we would not 
 advise you to continue your shipments of sugars, but 
 should an alteration take place in the markets, you may 
 rely on the earliest advice. 4 We have been peculiarly 
 fortunate In the sale of our small adventure, 5 which 
 leaves a handsome profit. Our coffee prices are even 
 lower than yours, as the expected supply from Liverpool 
 makes the purchasers decline buying. 6 Fresh malaga 
 raisins are worth notice; they are now scarcely to be had 
 at sixteen florins per stein of twenty-two pounds; but 
 this article is very variable. 7 Our corn prices are statio- 
 nary, and ashes remain as before. 
 
 We are, with esteem, &c. 
 
 1 bajj @te . . * benu^ten. 
 
 2 foroofyt bauernb, al$ ttortfjettyaft. 
 
 3 obet roenigftens $u einem @tittf!anb ter )reife t>or$an 
 ten tft. 
 
 4 fo fonnen^te auf btc fd&leuntgflen23ericte be^alb re$nen, 
 
 5 betm SSerfauf unfrer fletnen Untenutymung. 
 
 6 ... ba ^aufen je|t ttermetben, 
 
 7 boc tft biefer $rttfel fetyt 
 
217 
 LETTER CXCVI. 
 
 To Hamburgh. 
 
 London. 
 
 IHE term of our partnership having expired, 1 we have 
 come to a resolution not to renew it for the present, 
 but to liquidate all the transactions of the old firm, which 
 our Mr. . S. has taken upon him to do. We, there- 
 fore, take the liberty of handing you your account-current 
 up to the present day, 2 by which there appears a sum 
 in our favour of .307. .11 . .9, which we balance by 
 our draft this day to that amount, at 2y 2 usances order 
 P. G. For the many instances of your favours accept 9 
 our sincere thanks, and believe us, with unfeigned re- 
 gard, 4 &c. 
 
 1 ttnfer @ocietdt$=(ontract ift abgelaufen. 
 
 2 bis jum tyeuttgen age, 
 
 3 genefymigen ie. 
 
 4 unfc glauben unfcrer aufricfyttgen 
 
218 
 
 W W 1C W^ 
 
 M.M-M.M'CiO WO 
 
 
 "& 
 
 &l 
 
 W 
 H* 
 
 s 
 
 ocoooooo 
 
 OOOCCCOO 
 
 iWJ ? I P 
 
 w * 
 
 
 
 oa^o o w 
 
 5 s-' = S ~ ^ 
 ^??B 2 
 
 o- S-' su S 
 
 i-, PT *-s S 
 
 I 
 
 r 
 
 q Cn 
 
 go 
 
 w O 
 
 & 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 
 R- 
 o 
 
219 
 
 LETTER CXCVII. 
 
 To Messrs. A. B. and Co., London. 
 
 Rio de Janeiro. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 THE late 1 remarkable change in the politics of our mo- 
 ther country will, we hope, prove of infinite service to 
 the commerce of her colonies, and to this in particular, 
 Inasmuch as we shall no longer be restricted by the 
 shackles of dependence; 2 which, however light in other 
 respects, effectually prevented 3 any direct mercantile 
 intercourse with other parts of the world. But the day 
 has, at length, arrived, when the Brazils will be opened 
 to the trade of the world at large, and enjoy all the 
 privileges of an empire in itself. 4 We hasten, therefore, 
 to details to you the numerous advantages this country 
 possesses, in order that you may be enabled to make 
 the best use of our services; and having been established 
 here, under Portuguese influence, 6 for several years, we 
 flatter ourselves we shall give you such information as T 
 will tend greatly to your advantage. 
 
 Exportation has, hitherto, formed the principal part 
 of our trade; 8 and we, of course, are well qualified 9 
 
 1 tie feit ^urjem erfolgte. 
 
 2 ba wit nun ntd&t me^r burd) bie gefieln ber 2tt>$dngtgfett 
 eingef<i)rcmft fein roerben. 
 
 3 roefentltdj tterfytnberten. 
 
 4 n)o SSraftlien bem anbel ber garden SSelt offen fein, unb 
 fldj after S3 orre^te etneS feibftftdnbtgen 3fteicfye$ erfreuen nrirb, 
 
 5 aufuf)rlt(fy u befdjreiben. 
 
 6 unter portugiefifc&em cfyufce, 
 
 7 tt>el$e. 
 
 8 5)te SluSfutyr tyat bi^er . . . auSgema<$t. 
 
 9 unb nrir ftnb bemna$ am SSeften geetgnet. 
 
220 
 
 to inform you in this particular, though fully competent 
 to choose the articles for our consumption, of which alone 
 our import trade 10 will, for some time, consist. 
 
 The abundance of cattle 11 in this country and the 
 whole eastern continent of South America, produces a 
 never-failing supply of tallow and hides 12 for which 
 alone thousands of oxen are destroyed the meat being 
 actually lost on account of the very great dearth 13 of 
 salt, an article of exceeding value in vSouth America. 
 It has been one of the few ill-judged schemes 14 of our 
 mother country to declare as contraband the trade of this 
 commodity, 13 which they did in order to farm It out 
 to an individual, 16 whose overgrown wealth 1 ' enables 
 him to pay an apparently larger tribute 1 * 5 annually for 
 the monopoly, 19 than would be produced for the mo- 
 ment by a reasonable duty on general importation; and 
 thus, we regret to say, 20 has the consideration of a 
 petty sum 21 induced our government to forego the pow- 
 er of greatly enriching its colonies, which would have 
 been the consequence of permitting the general impor- 
 tation of salt direct from Portugal. The quantities of 
 
 10 @t 
 
 12 brina,t etnen unerfcfyopflicfyen SSorratty t>on alg unb 
 ten fyersor. 
 
 13 Sfyeueruna,. 
 
 14 @ roar einS ber roemgen ftf)le$t berecfyneten 
 
 15 SSaare. 
 
 16 urn ifyn an etnen Qnn^igen 511 t>erpa$ten, 
 
 17 beffen ubermdftger 3tetcfytljum. 
 
 18 Slbgabe. 
 
 19 fur ba8 
 
 20 (eiber. 
 
 21 erne gertnge 
 
221 
 
 meat which are suffered to decay in this country annually," 
 would supply half the navies 23 of Europe and to find 
 ready supplies at a distance from home would be a ma- 
 terial consideration 24 to all nations, and a wonderful 
 object 25 to ours. These are reflections 26 which we put 
 to paper for your future perusal, in case, as we hope 
 and expect, the monopolizing salt-patent should he with- 
 drawn. 27 
 
 The particulars 28 of our hide and tallow trade must 
 be very interesting to you, who are probably accustomed 
 to import these articles direct from Lisbon, we shall there- 
 fore make some slight remarks for your better govern* 
 ment. 29 The tallow is here packed in skins, 30 and ship- 
 ped at all seasons of the year. Its original price 91 can- 
 not now be of interest to you, as that will be no guide 
 for future transactions. Suffice it to say, 32 that the 
 queen's duties 33 formed the greatest part of its cost, 34 
 its intrinsic worth being very trifling; and, by the want 
 of shipping here, we have frequently laboured under 
 difficulties 35 which have restricted the export trade of 
 
 22 ttelcfye nnt jdtyrltc!) in biefer egenb tterberben laffen, 
 
 23 @eemad;te. 
 
 24 em wcfentltdljer SBortyett. 
 
 25 ein egenjJanb fyocfyfter 2id)tigfeit. 
 
 26 S3emerftmgen. 
 
 27 2>a <S2al$=S0lono:pol aufgeljefcen roerben fottte. 
 
 28 Me ndfyere 23efd)rertnmg. 
 
 29 311 Sfyrer gefalUgen 23eacfytuncj, 
 
 30 $dute. 
 
 31 ber ftufjere 
 
 32 urj. 
 
 33 tie 36tte ber 
 
 34 ben grofjten Sfyeit feineS 2Ba$r=$retfeS 
 
 35 fatten nnr fyaufig mit ^cfynncrigfetten $u fampfen. 
 
222 
 
 this country to a very small compass. This part of the 
 
 evil would have disappeared had the whale fishery, 30 
 
 established by the Portuguese government some years 
 
 ago in the South Seas, received encouragement adequate 
 
 to the support of it; and we most sincerely hope so 
 
 patriotic a resolution will again be taken up. Of the 
 
 article of hides not much can be said; your own discern- 
 
 ment 37 has already informed you of the marks of distinc- 
 
 tion between good and bad; indeed, this is a commodity 
 
 so little differing in the various parts of tbe world, that 
 
 it requires very little explanation. We shall merely ob- 
 
 serve, that Brazil hides are, in general, of a middling 
 
 size, of strong texture, 38 and fine hair. Our sellers 
 
 generally dry and stretch 39 them, but nothing more; we 
 
 have seen very few instances of their being tanned. 40 
 
 We purpose transmitting you, by the first opportunity, 
 
 a printed list, of our custom-house duties, 41 which is in 
 
 preparation, 42 and we shall not neglect to speak of our 
 
 money concerns in due time. Tobacco forms another 
 
 branch of our exportation, and that which grows here 
 
 is reckoned much superior to the more northern pro- 
 
 ductions; and it is equally remarkable that this plant 43 
 
 is not to be found in perfection much farther south. The 
 
 tobacco-trade has been farmed 44 by the crown for a 
 
 considerable number of years, at a large sum annually; 
 
 36 bcr 
 
 37 d 
 
 38 t>on mtttterer rope, jtarfem SRucfcn. 
 
 39 auSfpannen, 
 
 40 bajj fie ge^erbt roorben vodren. 
 
 41 ein gebrucftes SSer^etdjmfj unferer 
 
 42 n)dd)e angeferttgt rctrb, 
 
 43 eroad)S, 
 
 44 oetpad&tet. 
 
223 
 
 but the evils of its monopoly bear no comparison to the 
 misfortunes which are produced by restricted importations 
 of such a necessary article as salt. 45 The tobacco-patent, 
 however, must necessarily expire 46 with the present laws 
 of the colony, and we may expect to see our productions 
 current over Europe. 47 
 
 Cotton we expect to become another source 48 of 
 wealth to the country, as the cultivation of this plant 
 will now meet every encouragement. Hitherto all our 
 produce necessartty went to Portugal, and we had no 
 further inducement to cherish its growth 49 than the con- 
 sumption 50 which that small demand produced. In short, 51 
 by far the greater part of the sources of this country s 
 wealth is dormant for want of encouragement. 62 'A thou- 
 sandth part of the ground is not cultivated, and the 
 inhabitants, Portuguese as well as natives, are not pos- 
 sessed of that energy 53 which appears so eminently con- 
 spicuous in your countrymen; 54 the necessary consequence 
 of a communication with strangers, and a commercial 
 intercourse with the world in general. 
 
 45 todj fhtyen tie Uefcel eine OTem=4?ante(S tiefer Slrt in 
 feinem SBergletd) mit tern Ungludie, rcelcfyeS turd) be* 
 fcfyrdnfte (infufyr einee> fo notfytgen 2lrtifeU, ttne >afj ev- 
 
 46 erlof^en. 
 
 47 uber ganj duropa tterbrettet u fefyen, 
 
 48 Xuefle. 
 
 49 teren 5lnbau ju befortern, 
 
 50 SSerbraudtj. 
 
 51 uq. 
 
 62 bletbt au SKangel an 5Utfmuntenmg unbenufct. 
 
 53 ctftcfifraft. 
 
 54 rceid&eS fo Ub^aft bei Styren 2antIeutm 
 
224 
 
 We deem it superfluous to enter here upon a de- 
 scription of our gold, silver, and diamond mines, which 
 form the principal support of this country and Portugal, 
 because such a detail would be totally uninteresting in 
 a mercantile point of view. 55 These minerals can never 
 form an article of commerce, the mines being for ever 
 royal property, and the working of them is under the 
 prince's own management and disposal. 56 
 
 We wish, therefore, to proceed 57 to the subject 
 of importations into this colony, having, we hope, suffi- 
 ciently enlarged upon the outward trade. 58 Our sup- 
 plies of British manufactures 59 have, hitherto, only come 
 from Portugal, and that, as you may believe, in very 
 inconsiderable quantities, which has had the effect of 
 keeping the price immoderately high, by reason of the 
 circuitous route 60 by which goods are brought to this 
 place. 
 
 From these circumstances we are scarcely able to 
 say what the terms of sale 61 would be in the present situa- 
 tion of things; but of this we can assure you, that the 
 first importations will, it is expected, leave a profit ex 
 ceeding the owners' warmest expectations; 62 but neverthe- 
 less, as the consumers 63 become accustomed to the ar- 
 
 55 in faufmdnmfcjjer 
 
 56 Settling unb Slnorbmmg (ot>er SBerfugung), 
 
 57 ubequgefyen. 
 
 58 Siit$fu^anbeL 
 
 59 2ttanufactur=2Baaren, 
 
 60 roegen be$ UmroegeS, 
 
 61 $reife, 
 
 62 tvelcfyer tie fyocfyften Cnwattungen bcr Sigentpmec fiber-- 
 trip. 
 
 63 (Sonfumenten, 
 
225 
 
 tides, the market must, in consequence of the great influx, 
 soon find a level, 64 which it is reasonable to expect it 
 will ever afterwards retain; and in places so remote, the 
 prices will always correspond with the supply actually 
 on hand, 65 which, for the same reason, cannot be very 
 regular. 
 
 The articles we would particularly recommend to your 
 notice, as best suiting this market, are those of the 
 coarsest English manufacture, such as strong thick 
 woolens 66 of all sorts, coarse hosiery, shoes, hats, 67 &c. 
 Birmingham and Sheffield cutlery,, 68 such as knives, 
 scissors, agricultural 'implements, 69 &c. ; but the manu- 
 factures which we should select would be of the most 
 common kind 70 and which we are convinced would ]at 
 first be more eagerly sought after, indeed the experience 
 we have had has proved our opinion to be well founded. 
 We have once or twice had small quantities" of English 
 ale and porter, which paid uncommonly well. 71 In fact, 
 every production of Britain will find ready purchasers 72 
 in the Brazilians, who are so little accustomed to articles 
 of this description. Experience will be your best guide 73 
 in future, and every information we can give shall be 
 always at your service. The want of a commercial 
 
 64 
 
 65 mtt bem nurfftcfyett 33otratf) im 33erfydltmffe ftefyen, 
 
 66 ftavfe, tide, roodene 3euge. 
 
 67 ftarfe (grebe) ^trumpf=SKaarcn, ^u^e, 4>iite, * c 
 
 68 Olefferf^miet)=3Saaren, 
 
 69 alS: Suffer, @rf>eeren, $tfetbau:erdrt)e, tc, 
 
 70 son ber geringften 5lrt 
 
 71 rcaS ungewofynlid;) gut beja^lt ttwtbe. 
 
 72 ttrilltge ^ciufer, 
 
 73 3lid)tfrf;nur, 
 
 15 
 
226 
 
 treaty 14 between the two countries can be no impediment 
 to the enterprizing 75 English merchant, who will consider 
 that the late conduct 76 of our government has left your 
 country no reason to doubt their friendship in cases of 
 much greater consequence. 77 It is thought that a tem- 
 porary custom-house will be established upon the isle of 
 St. Catherine's, which lies just at the mouth 78 of our 
 harbour; but of this your Exchange will undoubtedly 
 have received information from the Portuguese ambassador; 
 and , in any event, you need not entertain the least 
 apprehension for the safety of any shipments you may 
 commit to our care. 79 
 
 We think it almost needless to remind you of the 
 obvious advantage 80 in consigning your first cargoes to 
 a Portuguese house, which will be acquainted with the 
 mode of dealing here, 81 and with which the inhabitants 
 will naturally prefer transacting business. By this we do 
 not mean to insinuate 82 that English settlers will not 
 meet encouragement here; the reverse 83 is our decided 
 opinion, and it requires no further proof than to look 
 to the amazing ascendency 84 which English interest 
 obtained among our countrymen in Lisbon; and this will 
 
 74 etne 
 
 75 [peculation, unternefymenben. 
 
 76 23enetymen. 
 
 77 in wett roidjtigeren Jdflen. 
 
 78 am dnnganae, an ter Sftunbun^ 
 
 79 Me 0te un$ anoertrauen rcollten. 
 
 80 Sfynen ben einleucfytenben SBorttyeil 311 fd&ilbern. 
 
 81 roelcfyes mit ber tyier ubltrfjen anbelart befannt ift, 
 
 82 2Bir ftollen bamit nicfyt fagen. 
 
 83 baS ea,entf)eU, 
 
 84 al6 ba etftaunlicfye Uebergenri^t u betra$ten. 
 
227 
 
 ever be the case while the one nation is fair and open 
 in its dealings, the other honest and accommodating. 85 
 
 We will close 86 with some observations upon our 
 money. Colonies, in general, preserve 87 the coins of the 
 mother country, and ours adheres to this rule. 88 Ac- 
 counts are kept here in 89 millreas of one thousand reas, 
 in reas, and also in crusades of four hundred reas; and 
 the little commerce we have ever transacted has not given 
 rise to an exchange upon any country in the world y 
 though we hope to see many established on the same 
 principles 90 as at Lisbon. 
 
 Bills drawn upon this place by Lisbon are usually at 
 sixty days' sight, and vice versa , ei we allow here six 
 days grace 92 to accepted bills, but none are granted if 
 they are not previously in order. We are inclined to think 
 that a course upon London , similar to that from Lisbon, 
 will be immediately established in this city, which it 
 appears will be the seat of government, and, of course, 
 the general rendezvous of trade, 93 in preference 94 to 
 St. Salvador. For a general observation you will remark, 
 that the greater part of our commerce consists in ex- 
 portations, and that solely of our own produce; and 
 nearly all our imports are of British manufactured goods, 
 
 85 eben fo reblicfy unb 
 
 86 [(fcitefeiu 
 
 87 be^atten &eu 
 
 88 unb trie unfrigcn folgen biefer Sfteget aud), 
 
 89 man recfynet geroofynlid) nadj, 
 
 90 auf gletcfyem gufie. 
 
 91 umgefetyrt. 
 
 92 (days of grace) 9Refpect=a$e. * 
 
 93 aupt=8ammelpla$ be$ anbe(S, 
 
 94 t>orttg$rocife sot. 
 
 15* 
 
228 
 
 brought by a circuitous route at a very enhanced price. 
 These observations we submit to you, 95 confident of their 
 sufficiency in regard to any present undertakings; and 
 should you feel disposed to adventure to this new world 
 and partake of the advantage which must result from an 
 immediate trial guided by a good judgment, we beg 
 leave to offer our best services, assuring you that no 
 house here is better capable of guarding your interest, 
 and you will find our charges moderate and our attention 
 unremitting. 96 We, therefore, trust that the hopes we 
 now venture to encourage will be realized in the end. 97 
 We have the honour to subscribe ourselves, Gentlemen, 
 Your very obedient servants. 
 
 LETTER CXC VIII. 
 
 To Messrs. J. B. and Co., London. 
 
 Porto, ... 1848. 
 Gentlemen, v 
 
 UUR mutual friends Messrs. W. and R. of this city, 
 have favoured me with your address, 'and assured me 
 of the respectability of your establishment at London, in 
 consequence of which, J now enclose you bill of lading 
 for ten pipes old red wine, shipped on board the George, 
 John Isaacs master, bound for your port, to sail in 
 about ten days with convoy, 1 the amount of which I 
 
 95 legen ttnr Sfytten ttotr, 
 
 96 unermubet. 
 
 97 bafjl bte ^offmmgen, ttefc&e mir u emgen rcagten, am 
 (nbe erfuttt 
 
 I unter 23ebe<fung, 
 
229 
 
 have insured here, and which wine I request you will 
 dispose ;of, to my best advantage. 2 As it is probable 1 
 may put a double commission in your way, 8 I shall not 
 value upon you for this shipment, but will give you an 
 order for such of your exports as may suit this market. 4 
 I beg the favour of 5 your price-current; and, in ex- 
 pectation of hearing from you soon, remain respect- 
 fully, &c. J. W, 
 
 LETTER CXCIX. 
 
 To Mr. J. TF., Porto. 
 
 London, ... 1848. 
 Sir, 
 
 WE are favoured with your esteemed letter of ... ult., 
 and feel indebted to our mutual friends, Messrs. W. and 
 R. of your city, for the pleasure of your correspondence. 
 Your letter handed us bill of lading for ten pipes of red 
 wine, per the George, Captain J. Isaacs, with directions to 
 dispose of it for your account. We now have the pleasure 
 to inform you of the safe arrival of said vessel, 1 and also 
 that we have disposed of said consignment, 2 free on 
 board at 55 British per pipe, at three months 1 credit, 
 and herewith hand you account sales of the same: the 
 nett proceeds, amounting to 536. . 5. .0, are at your 
 credit and disposal. We are much obliged by your 
 intention of favouring us with a second commission, and 
 
 2 mogttd)ft ttortfyeityaft $u tterfaufen. 
 
 3 ba id) Stynen roatyrfdjeinltcfy cine gwette ommtffion $uwent>e. 
 
 4 Me fyter renfctren turften. 
 
 5 S* Mtte ic urn. 
 
 1 gcnanntcn @rf)tffe$. 
 
 2 befagte (Eonftgnatiotu 
 
230 
 
 enclose you the price-current you call for: should any 
 article in our market induce you to speculate, you may 
 rest assured* of our exertions to give you every advantage 
 it will allow, 4 and to cultivate a lasting and beneficial 
 correspondence. 
 
 We request our respectful compliments to Messrs. W. 
 and R* not baring occasion to write them this post, and 
 remain respectfully, 
 
 Sir, &c. &c. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 Sales of ten pipes red port, received per the George, 
 
 John Isaacs, from Oporto, sold for account and risk of 
 
 Mr. J. W., Porto. 
 Sold ten pipes port to Bellamy and Co., 
 
 on board 5 (three months), at 55 
 
 per pipe 550 00 
 
 Commission on 550, at 2% per cent. . 13 15 
 
 Nett proceeds 536 50 
 
 Errors excepted. 
 London, ... i848. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER CC, 
 
 To Messrs. J. B. and Co., London. 
 
 Porto, ... 1848. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 YESTERDAYS post brought me your esteemed letter of 
 the ... inst, informing me of the arrival of the George, 
 Captain Isaacs , and handing the sales of my ten pipes of 
 
 3 (o fonnen @te t?erjtc(jert fetn. 
 
 4 S^nen jeben SSort^etl u gerodfiren, ben fcerfelbe fcarbtetet, 
 
 5 am 23ott>, 
 
2S1 
 
 wine: nett proceeds being 536 ., 5 .. British, is at your 
 debit, 1 and I feel much obliged by the promptitude, &c. 
 with which you have executed this first commission. I 
 highly approve of your disposing of the wine at once? 
 in the way you have done, as the storing, bonding, 3 &c. 
 is always attended with such a train of charges at your 
 place, as frequently prevents houses in our line of 
 business 4 from making consignments to England, and, in 
 fact, I prefer executing orders, in general.* 
 
 The vintage 6 promises to be very abundant; 7 and 
 by your keeping me advised 8 of your prices of wine, 
 I may be induced, in the spring of the year, to make 
 you further consignments of some consequence. The 
 fruit trade, such as 9 lemons and oranges, being perishable 
 and liable to fluctuations, 10 I very seldom speculate in; 
 yet, however, a scarcity of the article in your market 
 might, possibly, induce me to ship a cargo assorted: 11 
 but this will depend entirely on the information and 
 quotation of prices I may receive from you. Cork-wood 
 and argol 12 are articles of export from here, and 
 sometimes answer well in England. I, therefore, pray 
 
 1 ifl in 
 
 2 3d) Mdige S&ren $)artie--S3er?auf beS 2Bem$. 
 
 3 ba ba Sluffpeicfyern unb Sftieberlegen bet (Sutet: in 
 lichen 
 
 4 imfereS 
 
 5 im anjen. 
 
 6 SBetnlefe. 
 
 7 ergtebig. 
 
 8 burrf) Styre S3eri$te, 
 
 9 I. SB. nut 
 
 10 fd)tt)anfenb. 
 
 11 cine forttrte Eabung. 
 
 12 tfort&ofa unb 2Betnfieuu 
 
232 
 
 you will favour me constantly with the state of your 
 market for our exports of the foregoing articles. The 
 only article at present contained in the price-current you 
 favoured me with, that would likely prove an advanta- 
 geous speculation, is that of flax, quoted at 60 per 
 ton. If you can purchase, on receipt of the present, ten 
 tons at that price, I request you will ship it by the first 
 vessel bound to this port, and insure the amount; and, 
 should the amount of invoice of it exceed the nett pro- 
 ceeds of my ten pipes of wine, I pray you may draw a 
 balance bill 15 on me at the most favourable exchange. 
 With offers of my services to you here, 
 
 I remain sincerely, &c. 
 
 J. W. 
 
 LETTER CCI. 
 
 To Mr. J. W., Porto. 
 
 London, ... 1846. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 WE are favoured with yours of ... ult. , and much 
 pleased 1 to find that the sale of your ten pipes of wine, 
 per the George, gave you content, and, according to the 
 instructions contained in your letter, we shall take care to 
 give you regular advice of the prices in this market, of 
 all your exports, such as wine, fruit, corkwood, argol, &c. 
 We have noted your order for ten tons of flax, and shall 
 avail ourselves of the first opportunity of making a favour- 
 able purchase for you, and ship it per first regular trader 
 for your port.* We perceive, with pleasure, that your 
 
 13 etnen 
 
 erfrcut. 
 
 2 un& i^n mtt t>em erften recjeltttafncjen 
 afen t>evlaben, 
 
233 
 
 vintage promises to be very abundant, and we hope our 
 prices for wines in the ensuing spring will be such, as to 
 induce you to make us consignments of same consequence. 
 Referring you to our next respects, we remain faithfully, 
 
 Yours, &c. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER CCII. 
 
 To Mr. J. IF., Porto. 
 
 London, ... 1848. 
 
 sir, ; 
 
 llEFERRLNG you to our last respects of ... inst., we 
 now have the pleasure to hand you annexed invoice and 
 enclosed bill of lading for ten tons of flax, shipped for 
 your account on board the Venus, J. Thompson master, 
 bound for your poet, amount 677, at your debit This 
 vessel passed Gravesend yesterday, and, we hope, will 
 soon arrive at Porto. The quality of the flax, we have 
 no doubt, will please you., and induce you at the same 
 time to give us future orders. The exchange being ra- 
 ther unfavourable to-day, we shall not draw upon you 
 but rather wait your pleasure to remit us. 1 
 
 We are truly, &c. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 Invoice of ten tons of flax shipped on board the Venus, 
 
 J. Thompson, for Porto, for account and risk of 
 - Mr. J. W. of said city. 2 
 
 J \V 
 
 ) 153 mats, containing 10 tons 
 
 i \ ral fine flax at * 60 P er ton 
 
 1 fonbern lieber 3&te SfUmeffen etwarten* 
 
 2 fcafelbft. 
 
234 
 
 600 
 
 Charges: 
 
 153 mats 1 and packing at 8d 520 
 
 Cartage, 2 loading, 8 & shipping 4 . . 1 10 
 
 Lighterage and watching 200 
 
 Order of council 5 500 
 
 Entry, 6 searchers, 7 certificate, &c. . 1 12 
 
 Special bond 8 110 
 
 Bills of lading 060 
 
 Freight and primage paid 20 
 
 36 11 
 
 686 11 
 
 Commission 2% per cent. 15 18 3 
 
 652 9 3 
 
 To premium of insurance on 
 
 650 at 3 guineas per cent ... 20 9 6 
 
 Stamp duty at 2s. 6d. per cent. ... 16 3 
 
 Commission y a per cent 350 
 
 24 10 9 
 
 677 00 
 
 Errors excepted. 
 London, . . . 1848. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 1 SRatten. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 an S3ort> ju brtmjen. 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 23tfitator. 
 
 8 
 
235 
 
 LETTER CCIH. 
 
 To Messrs. J. B. and Co., London. 
 
 Porto, . . . 1848. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 1 AM this day favoured with your esteemed letter of ... 
 ult. , handing me invoice and bill of lading for ten tons 
 of flax per the Venus, Captain Thompson, amount 677, 
 which, being free of error, is passed to the credit of your 
 account. 1 
 
 I thank you for not drawing upon me at an unfavour- 
 able exchange, and now hand you a balance bill 140..15..0 
 British sterling, on my friends J. Rogers and Co., London, 
 to your order, at thirty days* sight, the amount of which 
 liquidates our pending transactions, 2 as noted at foot. 
 I shall be happy, on all occasions, 3 to render your house 
 my best services here, and remain truly, 
 
 J. W. 
 
 Amount 10 tons flax per Venus, Thompson 677 
 By nett proceeds of 10 pipes wine 536.. 5..0 
 Bill on J. Rogers and Co., London 140..15..0 
 
 677 
 
 LETTER CCIV. 
 
 To Mr. J. W., Porto. 
 
 London, ... 1848. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 \VE are this day favoured with your letter of ... inst., 
 enclosing your bill on J. Rogers and Co., London, at 
 thirty days' sight for 140..15..0, being the exact balance 
 
 1 beten23etrag .,. Sfynen nadj SRecfytfinben crebittrt ttwtbe. 
 
 2 weldjer S5etrag itnfere offenftefyenbe SRedjnung 
 8 bei alien @ete$enfyettetu 
 
 
236 
 
 due to us on pending transactions, 1 which bill met due 
 honour at your credit, and for which remittance we return 
 you thanks. We beg a continuance of your correspon- 
 dence, and with respect and esteem we remain, &c. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER CCV. 
 
 To Messrs. C. and D., Dublin. 
 
 London, ... 1848. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 VV E are indebted to our mutual friend Mr. J. B. of this 
 city, for the favour of your address; and, at his request 1 
 we take the liberty of offering you our services in any 
 commission you wish to have executed here, particularly 
 in the purchase of hops, of which article our aforesaid 
 friend informs us you are large importers. The present 
 crop has been very favourable, and of superior quality: 3 
 we can purchase strong Brewers hops, of large bell, and 
 in high condition, 3 at ninety to ninety-two shillings per 
 hundred weight in bags, and fine Farnham pockets 4 at 
 one hundred and five shillings per hundred weight; the 
 latter quality are principally purchased here by the brew- 
 ers of pale ale, 5 and not frequently exported to Ireland. 
 As a long establishment and much experience have given us 
 a thorough knowledge of this article, we can, with confi- 
 
 1 at* ncfcttgen albo unferer offenjte^enben 9tc$mmg. 
 
 1 auf feme SSeranlaffung. 
 
 2 oon ttorjugltdjer iite, 
 
 3 beften fraftuotten 23rauer*$opfen , son prefer S&ume unb 
 gut gefyalten, ju ., . faufem 
 
 4 
 5 
 
237 
 
 dencc, assure you, that, if favoured with your orders, your 
 interest shall be our first object. 6 
 
 In expectation of soon hearing from you, we remain, 
 Gentlemen, &c. &c. 
 
 X. B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER CCVL 
 
 To Messrs. J. B. and Co., London. 
 
 Dublin, ... 1848.' 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 YESTERDAY'S mail brought us your favour of ... inst., 
 and we feel indebted to our mutual good friend, Mr. J. B., 
 for the pleasure of your correspondence. 1 We perceive 
 that hops, of good quality, can be purchased at ninety to 
 ninety-two shillings per hundred weight in bags: if you 
 meet a lot 2 of ten bags, of good strong quality, you will 
 please ship them for our account per one of our regular 
 traders, and insure the amount; and, as our exchange is 
 likely to lower, 3 we shall prefer remitting you a bill on 
 London, rather than suffer ourselves to be drawn upon at 
 an unfavourable exchange. In expectation of your reply, 
 we remain, with offers of service to you here, respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient, 
 
 C. and D, 
 
 Exchange 6 r / 8 on London. 4 
 
 6 bag 3f)t Sntereffe bcffern <>ant>en nt<$t an&ertraut werben 
 fann, unb bitten bafyer urn Styre gutigen Sluftrdge, 
 
 t roir finb . , . ju >an 
 
 3 ba unfer <out$ ttjatytfcfyetnUcfy fatten ttnrb, 
 auf 2onbon a 6 7 / 8r 
 
238 
 
 LETTER CCVII. 
 
 To Messrs. C. and D., Dublin. 
 
 London, ... 1848. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 WE are favoured with your esteemed letter of ... inst., 
 ordering a small lot of hops, if to be purchased at from 
 ninety to ninety-two shillings per hundred weight. We 
 are happy to inform you that we have purchased ten bags 
 of fine East Kents 1 at eighty-eight shillings per hundred 
 weight, being 2s. under your limits; and we do assure 
 you, that this day we could have re-sold the same lot, 
 to a brewer, at an advance of live shillings per hundred 
 weight. We, therefore, trust that this first specimen may 
 recommend us to your future favours, and now beg leave 
 to hand you annexed invoice and enclosed bill of lading, 
 amount 121..17..5, to your debit, which, if free of er- 
 ror, you will please pass to our credit in account. The 
 George is a full ship, and will clear at the custom house 
 to-morrow. 2 Wishing them safe to hand, 3 and in ex- 
 pectation of soon having the pleasure of hearing from you, 
 
 We remain, &c. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 Invoice of ten bags hops shipped on board the George, 
 R. Browne master, for Dublin, for account and risk of 
 Messrs. C. and D., of said city: 
 
 1 D 
 
 2 t>er eorg iffc oofltg gelaben, nt> rotrfc morgen fret^emacfyt. 
 
 3 2Btr ttwnfcfyen Sfynen glucfticfyen (mpfang t 
 
239 
 
 Ten bags hops. 
 
 No. 1. . . 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2. . . 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3. . . 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 4. . . 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 5. . . 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 CyD 
 
 6. . . 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 No. 1 & 10. 
 
 7. . . 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 8. . . 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 9. . . 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 10. . . 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 Cwt. 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 8 at 88s. 
 
 p. ct. 115 16 5 
 
 Charges: 
 
 Straining, mailing, and cords 1 1 16 
 Wharfage, cartage and shipping 2 18 
 Entry, cocket, and bond 3 . . 16 6 
 Bills of lading .030 
 
 3 13 6 
 
 119 9 11 
 
 Commission at 2 per cent 276 
 
 121 17 5 
 
 Errors excepted. 
 London, . . . 1848. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 1 $reffen, Qcmbattage unb <Strtc!e. 
 
 2 ^ap=@elb, gu^r=Co!)n unt> an 23orb $u brtngen, 
 
 3 (cocket, eine gefcfyriebene BoU=)eclaration bet 
 t?on SSaaren @d)etn bet bejatylten Recife 
 
 unb 
 
240 
 LETTER CCVIII. 
 
 To Messrs. J. B. and Co., London. 
 
 Dublin, ... i848. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 WE are this day favoured with your letter of ... inst., 
 covering invoice and bill of lading for ten bags new 1 Ken- 
 tish hops per the George, R. Browne master, amount 
 121. .17. .5 British, for which sum we now remit you our 
 bill on G. Watson and Sons of Manchester, payable in 
 your city at sixty days' date, thereby balancing this our first 
 transaction. 2 We confess we are much pleased with the 
 purchase you have made, and, on their arrival, we may be 
 induced to extend our future orders; in the interim we re- 
 main 3 respectfully, 
 
 Gentlemen, &c. 
 
 C. and D, 
 
 LETTER CCIX. 
 
 To Messrs. C. and D., Dublin. 
 
 London, . . . 1848. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 \\E acknowledge receipt of your esteemed letter of ... 
 inst. j covering your bill on G. Watson and Sons, Man- 
 chester, for 121. .17..5 British, which have transmitted for 
 acceptance, 1 and, at maturity, 2 shall be placed to your 
 credit. We hope ere now the George, with your hops, 
 is safely arrived, and shall be happy to find their qua- 
 lity pleased you, so as to induce you 3 to give us your 
 
 1 frifrf)en. 
 
 2 rcoburcfy ttnr btefeS erfte efdjdft falbiren, 
 
 3 SnbefferT tterbleibett rcir, 
 
 1 ben nrir $um Slccept fenben. 
 
 2 ttcicj) Stn^ang. 
 
 3 bag ^ie fid) beroo^en finben, 
 
211 
 
 future orders. For your government we beg to say the 
 price of hops this day is ninety-two shillings, and looking 
 up; 4 in expectation of soon hearing from you, we remain 
 truly, Gentlemen* yours, &c. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER CCX. 
 
 To Messrs. W. and Q., Waterford. 
 
 London, . . . 1848 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 OUR mutual friends, Messrs. Forbes and Co. of this city, 
 have favoured us with your address, at the same time 
 assuring us of your strict attention to any orders we may 
 forward you for corn: we are induced to make a trial at * 
 your port for a few cargoes, provided your prices will 
 admit 1 of favourable speculation. We shall,, therefore, be 
 entirely governed by your reply, 2 and, being totally unac- 
 quainted with your measures and mode of selling, 3 shall 
 thank you to favour us with the shipping prices, 4 and 
 the comparison of your weights and measures with those 
 of London, by which we may make our calculation, &c. 
 We refer you to our aforesaid friends as to our re- 
 spectability, &c. and, in expectation of soon hearing from 
 you, we remain, with much respect. 
 
 Gentlemen, yours, &c. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 4 imb ttrirb nod) mefyr ftetgen, toaS @ie ftcf) gefdfligft bemerf en 
 rootten, 
 
 1 geftattem 
 
 2 2Btr rcerben un8 bafyer ganoid) burcfo S^re Slntroort fcc-- 
 ftimmen lafien, 
 
 3 SSerfaufSweife. 
 
 4 S3ertabimg6:$)mfe. 
 
 16 
 
242 
 LETTER CCXL 
 
 To Messrs. J. B. and Co., London. 
 
 Waterford, . . . 1848. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 I OUR esteemed letter of ... inst. we yesterday received, 
 and feel much indebted to our friends, Messrs. Forbes 
 and Co. for the honour of your correspondence, which 
 we shall endeavour to cultivate by the strictest attention 
 to your orders for corn, or any of our exports. In 
 reply to your letter, we commence by stating, 1 that our 
 harvest ist abundant, the wheat is superior to what it has 
 been for the last seven years: oats and barley equally 
 so. 2 Good wbeat sells here at sixty-five to sixty-eight 
 shillings per barrel; 3 our barrel of wheat is 280 Ibs. and 
 kiln-dried and skreened, 4 of good quality, is nearly equal 
 to five Winchester bushels of 56 Ibs.; if prime 5 it will 
 weigh 58 Ibs. perhaps 60 Ibs. The barrel of barley is 
 224 Ibs. about 4'/ 2 Winchester bushels of about 48 Ibs. 
 each, skreened and kiln-dried. The barrel of oats is 
 196 Ibs. Potatoe oats run about 6 36 to 38 Ibs. per 
 Winchester bushel, nearly 5y e bushels to the barrel. 7 
 Common oats about 36 Ibs. per bushel of 5V 2 to the barrel. 
 We could not offer either wheat, barley, or oats, free 
 
 1 melben ttrit Sfynen jut>orberfl. 
 
 2 ebcnfo ift es mit, tc, 
 
 3 per onne. 
 
 4 gebarrt unb getdbert (geftebt, burcty ben Slab er cinjle^en- 
 be @teb geworfen). 
 
 5 roenn ee> ^rimas^orte ijl, 
 
 6 bejler $afet (, roeldjer ba$ befte, ttmfkfte Sftetyl Qtebt) 
 
 7 auf bie 
 
24S 
 
 on board at any limited price, but if favoured with your 
 orders we shall do for you as we would for ourselves. 
 
 On forwarding invoice and bill of lading, we usually 
 draw upon our friends at sixty days' date, unless a credit 
 is lodged for us at Dublin, which sometimes is advanta- 
 geous to London houses: however, we are always ready 
 to accommodate our correspondents in any way they are 
 pleased to point out. 8 
 
 Should our market tempt you, 9 we shall, with great 
 pleasure, render you every service in our power; and, 
 waiting your reply, respectfully remain, 
 
 Gentlemen, &c. 
 
 W. and Q. 
 
 LETTER CCXII. 
 
 To Messrs. W. and Q., Water ford. 
 
 London, ... 1848. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 WE acknowledge receipt of your esteemed letter of ... 
 inst., and return you thanks for the information it con- 
 tains respecting your corn market. It just now happens 
 that the ports of France and of the Baltic being open, a 
 considerable alteration has taken place in the prices ,of 
 grain since we had the pleasure of addressing you. These 
 importations have caused a great fall in the market, and, 
 at your prices quoted, corn would leave a very heavy 
 loss. 1 When an opportunity offers you may rest assured 
 of receiving our orders, in preference to any other house 
 
 8 welcfye fie $u beftimmcn fur gut fmfcen. 
 
 9 <3ie 
 
 urte etreifce einen betrac&tttc^en SSerfuft bringen* 
 
 16; 
 
244 
 
 in your city;? in the interim we beg leave to tender our 
 services and to assure you , it will afford us at all times 
 much pleasure to be useful to your respectable fjrm. a 
 Believe us truly. 
 
 Gentlemen, yours, &c. 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER CCXIII. 
 
 To Messrs. P. P. and Sons, Cadiz. 
 
 London, . . . 1848. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 YOUR agent in this city, Mr. J. W., having solicited, 
 for your house, an order for sherry wine, 1 we have 
 promised him to write to you ourselves, and therefore, 
 refer you to his letter of this day on the subject. The 
 prices quoted by him are 45 to 48 per butt 2 for old 
 sherry, payable by your bill on us at three months' date; 
 and, by way of commencing business with you, 3 we 
 shall have no objection to your shipping us ten butts of 
 old wine, at ; 46 per butt, and your bill for its amount 
 to be drawn (as other houses do) at three months' sight, 
 instead of date, if this is agreeable to you, please exe- 
 cute our present order, and if not you will annul the 
 same. We wish it shipped on board one of the regular 
 traders, and that you give us timely notice to effect our 
 insurance on it, 
 
 2 oor jebcm cmbern 4?aufe 3$t:e$ >rte, 
 
 3 t>a e unS jefcer^ett 5ergnu$en gerodfyren ttntb, Sfyvtm 
 
 aufe nufcttrf) ju fetn. 
 
 J 
 
 2 
 
 3 urn efcafe mit Stynen 
 
245 
 
 Should this sample prove satisfactory, there is little 
 doubt our orders will be of some consequence in future. 
 Waiting your reply, we remain respectfully, 
 
 Gentlemen, &c. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER CCXIV. 
 
 To Messrs. J. B. and Co., London. 
 
 Cadiz, . . . 1848. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 OR the honour of your correspondence we are indebt- 
 ed to our agent, Mr. J. W. of your place, and have to 
 acknowledge the receipt of your letter of ... ult., as well 
 as one of the same date from him, partly on the subject 
 of your order contained in it for ten butts of old sherry, 
 at 46 per butt limited. The acquisition 1 of so valuable 
 a correspondent induces us to comply with 2 terms and 
 *time of three months' sight, which you propose; and 
 having engaged to sliip it on board the Aurora, G. Green 
 master, to sail for London in eighteen days from this 
 day, we beg leave to give you this information for your 
 government in effecting insurance on it. 
 
 Referring you to our next, we remain respectfully, 
 Gentlemen, yours, &c. 
 
 P. P. and Sons. 
 
 LETTER CCXV. 
 
 To Messrs. J. B. and Co., London. 
 
 Cadiz, . . . 1848. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 OUR last respects of ... inst. informed yoa of our having 
 
 1 
 
 2 ju ttrilltcjen. 
 
246 
 
 taken freight for your ten butts sherry on board the 
 Aurora, G. Green master, for your port, for which we 
 now enclose you bill of lading, the amount being 460 
 British, as noted at foot. We hare this day taken the 
 liberty to value upon you at three months' sight to our 
 own order, and which bill we recommend to your protection. 
 The wines are of the palest colour, 1 fit for the Lon- 
 don market, and, we trust, will be found, of a quality 
 far superior to any* on board this vessel: if, therefore, 
 we have the satisfaction of their meeting your approbation, 
 we shall flatter ourselves with a continuance of your 
 valuable correspondence, which on our part, we shall 
 endeavour to render mutually permanent and profitable. 
 We are, with much esteem, 
 
 Gentlemen, &c. 
 
 P. P. and Sons. 
 
 10 Butts old sherry, at 46 British > - -^ 
 per butt, free on board . . . ) 
 
 LETTER CCXVI. 
 
 To Messrs. P. P. and Sons, Cadiz. 
 
 London, . . . 1948. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 BY this day's mail from your place, we are favoured 
 with both your letters of ... and . . . ult. ; the first ad- 
 vising your having taken freight 1 for our ten butts wine 
 on board the Aurora, G. Green master, for London; 
 and the latter with bill of lading and invoice of the 
 
 1 Don ber blaffeften 
 
 2 ... Don Dor^uglirfKrer lualitdt ... al$ aHe anbern, :c 
 
 1 ba5 (grfte tnelbet unS bie 
 
217 
 
 same, amounting to 460, for which your bill at three 
 months* sight has already met due honour. Should this 
 parcel equal the description you give us, 2 we shall, in 
 all probability, 3 transmit you orders for a considerable 
 quantity annually. Pale sherry, 4 as well as Madeira, is 
 much preferred to high coloured; 5 and we are pleased 
 to find that is the quality you have shipped for our account, 
 as we omitted to give you the description in our order: 5 
 on arrival of the Aurora, we shall again do ourselves 
 the pleasure of writing to you; r in the interim we remain, 
 
 Gentlemen, &c. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER CCXVII. 
 
 To Messrs. P. P. and Sons, Cadiz. 
 
 London, . . . 1848. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 IIEFERRING you to our last respects of ... inst., advising 
 you of our having honoured your bill 460 at three 
 months* sight, for amount of ten butts sherry per the 
 Aurora, Captain Green, &c. we now have the pleasure 
 to inform you of her safe arrival here about ten days 
 ago: the wine you shipped on board of her, we are glad 
 to state, 1 exceeds even your own description of it, and 
 most willingly w y ould we give you another order, were it 
 
 2 ber batton gemacfyten 23ef<$fcetbung entfprec^en. 
 
 3 tt>atytf$einlidj. 
 
 4 S3laffer <Sect. 
 
 5 on bunfler Jarbe. 
 
 6 ba nrit in unfrer Gommiffion Sfyncn tic <eorte $u beftim* 
 men unterltefjen. 
 
 7 werben n?ir ba SSergnugen tyaben, Sfynen uncber 
 
 1 (S3 ifl un lieb, Sfynen fagot git fonnen. 
 
248 
 
 not for the large quantity that has lately arrived from 
 Cadiz to be sold on commission, and which wines we 
 can at this moment purchase on the spot 2 for 5 at 
 least per butt under the price we could import 3 the same 
 quality at, from your port. 
 
 Be assured, however, that when any opportunity 
 offers we shall always give your house the preference; 
 and with respect and esteem we remain, &c. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 LETTER CCXVIII. 
 
 To Messrs. J. B. and Co , London. 
 
 Kingston, Jamaica, . . . 1848. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 OUR mutual friend, Captain J. Roberts, of the Trelawney, 
 having mentioned your house at London to be of the first 
 respectability, 1 I take the liberty if you will allow me to 
 commence a correspondence with you and beg leave to 
 hand you enclosed bill of lading for twelve hogsheads of 
 sugar, shipped to your address, on board the William 
 and Mary, John Gray master, for London, which you 
 will please dispose of to best advantage for my account, 
 holding the nett proceeds of it in your hands at my 
 disposal. The quality is remarkably fine, 2 and I trust 
 this sample may prove an encouragement to more con- 
 siderable consignments. I mention for your government 
 that 1 have insured the amount here. 3 I beg the favour 
 
 2 auf ber 
 
 3 b 
 
 1 >a . . . 3$r au$ in Bonbon al$ etneS ber amjefe^enften 
 erwafynt, 
 
 2 ifl auSgejeti^net gut, 
 
 3 ju S^rer 9ttd)tf<$nw: erroafyne id) no$, baf t$ ben S3etrag 
 ^ier t>erft$ert ija&e. 
 
249 
 
 of you to furnish me, by every packet, the state of your 
 market for rum, sugar, coffee, and cotton, and also with 
 the current prices of your exports 4 to these parts. I 
 take this opportunity of making you a tender of my best 
 services in this island, 5 and refer to Captain Roberts (who 
 I hope ere now has reached London) for my respectability; 
 and in expectation of soon hearing from you, I remain, 
 with respect, 
 
 Gentlemen, &c. 
 
 3. K. 
 
 LETTER CCXIX. 
 
 To J. K., Kingston, Jamtfica. 
 
 London, . . . 1848. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 WE are favoured with your esteemed letter of the . . . 
 Dec. 1847, and feel much obliged to our worthy friend 
 Captain John Roberts, of the Trelawney, for his recom- 
 mendation of our house to you. The twelve hogsheads 
 of sugar consigned to our address per the William and 
 Mary, John Gray master, have already arrived, and are 
 safely landed; 1 and, according to your instructions, we 
 have disposed of them, 2 prior to the landing of several 
 cargoes 3 from your island, lately arrived by this fleet. 
 We hope you will approve of our having done so, when 
 we assure you 4 that the market has fallen full five 
 
 4 mit ten gcwo^nlt^en $retfen Styrer $htfirf)r$rti?el. 
 
 5 3ugleicfy biete id) Sfyrten bei biefer (Megentyeit nuine SDienjh 
 fur triefe Snfel an, 
 
 1 unb glutfltd) gelofcfet. 
 
 2 SBir tyaben folcfye Styrem 9lufttage &u golge ttertauft. 
 
 3 unt> jn?ar t?or bcr 5lulabung oerf^iebener @enbun^cn, 
 
 4 2>af @tc unfer SSerfa^ten genetymtgen werben, bett?etfcln wit 
 ni^t, roenn n)ir S^nen t?erfic^ern. 
 
250 
 
 per cent, since the time we sold your sugars. We have 
 the pleasure now to enclose you sales of them , 5 the nett 
 proceeds of which amount to 659. .7.. 6 British, which 
 we hold at your disposal. We shall feel great pleasure 
 in quoting to you our prices-current of imports and ex- 
 ports to the West Indies, and at foot you will find the 
 present prices of rum, sugar, coffee, and cotton; but 
 the market daily fluctuates, 6 so that the prices of this 
 day cannot be called certain even to-morrow. We have 
 had the pleasure of seeing our mutual friend Captain 
 Roberts, who arrived safe and well here on the 10th ult., 
 after a short passage of thirty-six days: he desires his 
 best respects to you. 7 With a tender of our best services, 
 We remain respectfully, &c. 
 
 Sir, yours, &c. 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 Rum (Jamaica) in bond 8 5s. 6d. to 7s. per gallon. 
 Sugar do. 100s. to 116s. per cwt. 
 
 Coffee do. 70s. to 100 s. per do. 
 
 Cotton do. 2s. 3d. to 2s. (id. per Ib. 
 
 Sales of twelve hogsheads of sugar, per William and Mary, 
 John Gray, from Kingston, Jamaica, sold for account 
 of Mr. J. K. of said place. 
 
 Sold to Bennet and Son twelve hogsheads, payable at 
 two months: 
 
 5 S3etgefucjt uberretd)en nrir Sfynen tytmtber 23erfauf$Re$ 
 nungen. 
 
 6 bod) fcfyroanfen tie $)reife tdgltdj. 
 
 7 cr lafjt fid) Stynen beftenS empfetylen. 
 
 8 im S3er.f<$lufj ber ^oniginrt (beS 
 
251 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 . 12 
 
 
 
 2. 
 
 . 13 
 
 1 7 
 
 3. 
 
 . 14 
 
 1 10 
 
 4. 
 
 . 15 
 
 1 6 
 
 5. 
 
 . 16 
 
 1 
 
 6. 
 
 . 14 
 
 
 
 7. 
 
 . 13 
 
 1 10 
 
 8. 
 
 . 14 
 
 
 
 9. 
 
 . 12 
 
 2 
 
 10. 
 
 . 13 
 
 1 
 
 11. 
 
 . 12 
 
 2 18 
 
 12. 
 
 . 14 
 
 
 
 164 3 23 cwt. at 110s. per cwt. 
 
 * 907 5 2 
 
 Charges: 
 
 Duty ............ 166 10 
 
 Bill money 9 ......... 090 
 
 Freight ........... 48 4 6 
 
 Primage, pierage, 10 and trade 11 . . 106 
 
 Dock dues 12 ......... 4 12 6 
 
 Brokerage Y 2 per cent ...... 4 10 6 
 
 Commission on 907 at2y a per cent. 22 10 8 
 
 247 17 8 
 
 Nett proceeds . . 659 7 6 
 Errors excepted. 
 
 London, ... 1848. 
 
 J. B. and Co. 
 
 9 
 
 10 (ftatt wharfage) at:eft> obcr Ufer=ett>. 
 
 11 (ftatt trade dues) 
 12 
 
252 
 LETTER CCXX. 
 
 ^ To J. B. and Co., London. 
 
 Kingston, Jamaica, . . . 1848. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 I RECEIVED yesterday your esteemed favour of ... enclo- 
 sing the sales of my twelve hogsheads of sugar, per 
 William and Mary, the nett proceeds of which being 
 659..7..G, I have this day taken the liberty to value on 
 you for the exact amount , at 90 days' sight, to order of 
 G. Walpole and Co., which bill, I doubt not, will meet 
 due honour. The prices of our produce quoted in your 
 letter, give very little encouragement for speculation to 
 England at present. Should your future quotations prove 
 more favourable, 1 I shall avail myself of the first oppor- 
 tunity 2 to render you all the service in my power. The 
 packet being about to sail 3 I conclude with repeating the 
 offers of my services in this island, and remain, very truly, 
 Gentlemen, yours, &c. 
 
 J. K. 
 
 LETTER CCXXI. 
 
 To A. J5., London. 
 
 (Circular.) 
 
 Marseilles, ... 1848, 
 Sir, 
 
 As, by the return of peace, the extensive intercourse be- 
 tween our respective ports will be re-established, 1 we take 
 the liberty to introduce ourselves to your acquaintance, 
 
 1 gimftiger lautcn. 
 
 2 fo roetbe i$ gern jebe efegenfyeit ergretfen. 
 
 3 iffc fo eben im Stbgetyen begtiffen. 
 
 1 weber ^etgcffcettt werben toirb. 
 
253 
 
 and to offer you our services for the management of any 
 concerns you may have in this city; begging leave 2 to 
 assure you of the unremitted attention 3 we shall pay to 
 your interest. In consequence of the protracted war, 4 
 our market is nearly destitute 5 of all foreign articles; 
 most of which would meet a speedy and advantageous 
 gale, especially colonial and Baltic produce, grocery, drugs, 
 lead, litharge, whale oil, 6 &c. &c. 
 
 On the other hand/ this place affords advantageous 
 returns in oil, brandy, wine; madder, clover, and other 
 seeds, 8 almonds, capers, 9 and various other fruits; tartar, 
 verdigrise, sal saturni, 10 <fec. Our partner, Mr. J. F. 
 junior, we expect will very soon reach London, when 
 he will have the pleasure of waiting upon you with our 
 prices-current; and, at the same time, will fully satisfy 
 you with respect to the solidity of our establishment. In 
 the hopes of rendering our services acceptable to you, we 
 are, moat respectfully, 
 
 Sir, yours, &c. 
 
 G. F. and Co. 
 
 Exchange 22 V 4 Fr. per sterling on London. 
 
 2 tnbem ttrir un8 erlauben. 
 
 3 ie ber unt>erdnberten 5lufmcrffamfett ju tterjicfyern, 
 
 4 Sn golgc beS langnnertgen $nege$, 
 
 5 entblSgt. 
 
 6 fcefonberS Gtolomal* unb )ft=<See=$)robucte, @e)9itrg*8Bddrcn, 
 @pecem=2Baaren, S3lei, SBletglatte, SBaflpfc^S^ran, :c.. 
 
 7 5lnberer @cits f 
 
 8 ^rapp, ^tee unb anbern ^dmereien. 
 
 9 SWanbcIn, ^apern. 
 JO SSemjtan, runfpan, 
 
254 
 LETTER CCXXII. 
 
 To Messrs. G. F. and Co., Marseilles. 
 
 London, ... 1848. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 YESTERDAY'S mail brought me your circular letter of 
 the . . . ult., prior to which I have had the pleasure 1 of 
 seeing your Mr. J. F. junior, who favoured me with one 
 of your price-currents, and was pleased to give me a very 
 full account of the commerce of your place. My present 
 engagements are so extensive, 2 that I do not feel inclined 
 at this moment, to speculate to the continent: however, 
 I have assured your partner, that, whenever circumstances 
 may admit, it will be a pleasure to me to give your 
 house a preference. Your Mr. J. F. junior departed 
 hence, by mail coach, last night for Liverpool; 3 and on 
 his return, which I expect in about ten days, I shall 
 converse with him fully 4 on business to our mutual ad- 
 vantage. With offers of my services here, I remain,, truly, 
 
 A. B. 
 
 1 &or Ctmpfcmg befielben tyatte t* jebod) fcfyonbaS SSergnugen. 
 
 2 3fteine ie|igen efcfydfte jtnb fo auScjebreitet 
 
 3 retfte gefhrn Slbenb mit ber 25nef=$ofKftutfrf)e Don tyter nad) 
 Etuerpool. 
 
 4 umftanblicfy. 
 
FORMS OF VARIOUS COMMERCIAL DOCUMENTS. 
 
 BILLS OF EXCHANGE. 
 
 Leipsic, March 1, i848. 
 
 For * 500 
 
 Sir, 
 
 AT sight please to pay, by this first bill of exchange,* 
 to Mr. X. Y. Z. the sum of five hundred pounds British 
 sterl., for value received of him in cash, (goods, <fcc.) and 
 place it to account, as per advice from (or as advised 
 by, &c.). 
 
 Yours, &c. 
 To Mr. F. 9 merchant, 
 
 London. 
 
 Leipsic, March 2, 1848. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 1 HAVE this day drawn on you for five hundred pounds 
 British sterl., payable at sight to Mr. X. Y. Z. for value 
 received of him, I beg you to honour it, and place it to 
 my account; which expecting from your punctuality, I 
 am, Sir, 
 
 Yours, &c. 
 
 On a first bill not having been paid, instead of, by this first, &c, 
 it must be, by this second, my first not being yet paid, &c. 
 
256 
 
 Neio- York, February 2, 1848. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 1EN days' after sight, you will please to pay, by this 
 sole bill of exchange, to Mr. A. or Order, the sura of 
 five hundred Dollars and twenty cents, for value received 
 of him in goods, and place it to account, as per advice 
 from Yours, &c. 
 
 500 Doll. 20 cents. 
 
 To Mr. B. ., merchant, 
 
 New- Orleans. 
 
 Bremen, March 3, 1848. 
 Sir, 
 
 UN the eighteenth of April next, please to pay to Messrs. 
 C. F. & sons or order, the sum of five thousand florins, 
 for value received of them, and place it to account, as 
 per advice from Yours, &c. 
 
 For fl. 5000. 
 
 To Mr. J. G. ., merchant, 
 
 Vienna. 
 
 Berlin, March 15, 1848. 
 Sir, 
 
 two months' after date, (or at sight) please to pay to 
 Mr. J. H. or order, the sum of nine hundred and fifty 
 Dollars and eighteen groshen, and place the same to the 
 account of Your obt. hble. servant. 
 
 N. N. 
 
 For #fe. 950. 18 Mm 
 
 To Mr. K. L., merchant, 
 
 Magdeburgh. 
 
257 
 
 Leeds, March 12, 1848. 
 Sir, 
 
 AT usance, (or at double usance,) please to pay, on this 
 bill of exchange, to Mr. Wm. Davy ten thousand Mcs. 
 Bco. for value received from Mr. E. F. R. and pass the 
 same to account, as per advice from 
 
 Yours, &c. 
 N. N. 
 
 For Mcs. Bco. 1000. 
 
 To Mr. C. H. L., banker, 
 
 Hambwrgh. 
 
 Ifeuo-York, 26th February, 1848. 
 
 No. 305. 
 
 Exchange for f. 10,000. 
 
 SIXTY days after sight of this first of exchange (second 
 and third unpaid), pay to Messrs. *** or order, in Paris, 
 ten thousand francs, value received, and charge the same 
 
 to account of 
 
 *** 4 
 
 To Messrs. ***, 
 
 Havre, payable in Paris. 
 
 Buenos-Ayres, 1st April, 1848. 
 Exchange for f. 1,500. 
 
 AT eight days' sight, of this our first of exchange (second, 
 third, and fourth unpaid), pay to ***, Esq. or order, fifteen 
 hundred francs, value received, which place to account as 
 
 per advice of 
 
 ***. 
 
 To Messrs. ***, 
 
 Bourdeaux, payable in Paris. 
 
 . . . which place to account with or without further ad- 
 vice of ... . 
 
 17 
 
258 
 
 London, 24th March, i848. 
 
 For f. 7,000. 
 
 AT three months' date, pay this first of exchange, to the 
 order of ourselves, seven thousand francs, value in our- 
 selves, which place to account as per advice. 
 
 *** t 
 
 To Messrs. ***, 
 
 Lyons, payable in Paris. 
 In case of need, with Messrs. ***. 
 
 ENDORSEMENTS. 
 
 PAY to the order of Mr. ***, at the exchange of twenty- 
 three francs per pound sterling. 
 
 London, .... 
 
 PAY to the order of Messrs. ***, value received. 
 
 London, March 1, 1848. 
 *** 
 
 AY to Messrs. ***, or order, value in account. 
 
 Liverpool, ut retro. 
 
 London, ut supra. 
 *** 
 
259 
 
 PROMISSORY NOTES. 
 
 Two months after date I promise to pay to Mr. H. K. 
 or order, the sum of three hundred livres for value re- 
 ceived in goods of the said gentleman. 
 
 Brussels, this 3d of April 1848. 
 
 For Liv. 300. 
 
 NOTES OF HAND. 
 
 Hull, April 1st, 1848. 
 
 (jN demand (or one month after date) I promise to pay 
 to Mr. F. G. or order, the sum of one hundred and fifty 
 pounds ten shillings and six pence, for value received. 
 
 A. B. 
 
 WE, the undersigned (-written) promise conjointly to pay, 
 on the eighteenth of October next, to Mr. C. F. A. the 
 sum of eight hundred Dollars he has lent us. 
 Leipsic, March 1, 1848. 
 
 A. B. 8? C. D. 
 
 For. Doll. 800. 
 
 17* 
 
260 
 
 DUE BILLS. 
 
 DUE on demand to C. HL A., one hundred Dollars value 
 received of him. 
 
 A. B. 
 
 Baltimore, March 5, 1848. 
 
 MOOD for twenty Dollars on demand by 
 
 C. D. 
 
 Pittsburgh, April 6 t 1848. 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 I THE undersigned declare to have received of Mr. N. 
 the sum of fifty Dollars which I had lent him, according 
 to his promissory note of the tenth of December last; 
 which, on this account, I now return into the hands of 
 the said Mr. N. as discharged. 
 
 E. F. 
 
 Philadelphia, March 2, 1848. 
 
 HECEIVED of Mr. J. O. eighty nine Dollars and fifteen 
 groshen in full of all accounts up to this date. 
 
 G. H. 
 
 Frankfort, Feb. 29, 1848. 
 
 CHECK. 
 
 London, 10th March, 1848. 
 
 100. 
 
 I AY Mr. A. B. or bearer, One hundred Pounds, on ac- 
 count of 
 
 C. D. 
 
 Messrs, Jones, Lloyd, and Co. 
 
261 
 
 LETTERS OF CREDIT. 
 
 OUR friend ***, intending to visit England, we take the 
 liberty to open in his favour a credit on you, for two 
 hundred and eighty pounds sterling, which please to 
 grant and pass to the debit of our account. We shall 
 also be obliged to you for any polite attentions shown 
 that gentleman, whom we beg leave to introduce to your 
 acquaintance. 
 
 B. $ Co. 
 
 IN consequence of the arrangement made with your house, 
 Messrs. ***, of Havre, I hereby grant you a credit of 
 8,000, say eight thousand pounds, to be employed in 
 giving advances on consignments to their address, and 
 available on your furnishing me with bills of lading thereof 
 (made out to their order) , invoices and timely orders for 
 insurance. I intend this as a running credit, in such wise 
 that my engagements under it, at one time, shall never 
 exceed eight thousand pounds, nor more than two-thirds 
 the value of the property to he shipped, and that it shall 
 be in force one year from this date. 
 
 I am (dear) Sir, 
 Your friend and servant. 
 
 London, March 15, 1848. 
 *** Esq., New- York. 
 
262 
 
 FORM OF A PROTEST. 
 
 UN this day, the ... of ... one thousand eight hundred 
 
 and ... I, of the city of London, Notary Public, 
 
 by lawful authority duly admitted and sworn, did exhibit 
 the original bill (or note) on the other side, copied to ... 
 at ... and demanding payment thereof, was answered 
 by ... that the said bill (or note) .... Therefore, I, the 
 said notary, have protested, and by these presents do so- 
 lemnly protest, as well against the drawer or subscriber 
 of the said bill (or note), as against all others whom it 
 may concern, for exchange, re-exchange and all costs, 
 damages, charges, commissions, and interests, suffered a^nd 
 to be suffered for want of payment (or acceptance) of 
 the said bill (or note). This done and protested in my 
 office, at London, the date aforesaid. Quod attestor. 
 
 (Seal) 
 
 NOT. PUB. 
 
 *** On the back of this protest is to be made an exact 
 copy of the bill or note protested, together with ft 
 list of the endorsers on such bill or note. 
 
A FULL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 A. , a., ac., accd., accepted, . acceptirt, angenommem 
 
 a., (in ^reislijten fur) advance, Slocmce. 
 
 ac. a/c., acct., account, .... (Eonto, Slecfjnung, 
 
 A. C. (anno cm-rente, anni in biefcm, im gegenttdrttgen 
 
 currentis), in tliis (or the (ober laufenben) Satyre, 
 
 present) year, 
 
 A. C. , Acct. Curt., account Cionto (torrent, laufenbe 3Rerf)= 
 
 current, nung. 
 
 A. D., (anno domini), in the im Scifyre be (cber unfereS) 
 
 year of our Lord, errn. 
 
 Adm 1 ., admiral, SIbmirat. 
 
 A. F., (annifuturi), nextyear, ^imfttgcS 
 
 ag 1 ., against, Q^cjen, n?iber. 
 
 Ala., Alabama, @taat Alabama, 
 
 A. M. f^^e meridiem), in the ttormittage, 
 
 forenoon, 
 
 Am 1 ., a" 1 '., amount, SSetrag^ betragenb. 
 
 am', bro*. over, amount Sran^port (tton) gol. 1. 
 
 brought over, 
 
 amt. car d . forw d ., amount Sran^port (u) got. 2. 
 
 carried forward, 
 
 ans., answer, 5lntmorf. 
 
 A. P. (anmpraecedentis), in im Dorigcn ober ttergcmgenen 
 
 the last year, Sa^re. 
 
 A.R. (anno reyni), in the reign im SRegterungS'Safyre. 
 
 of, 
 
 a. s. f., and so forth, a. s. o., unb fo roeitet (u, f. W,)* 
 
 and so on, 
 
 at 3m. dte., at three months' 3 Sftonat bate. 
 
 date, 
 
 B., bank, 23cmt 
 
 B., butt, @tu(J=5?ap. 
 
 Bar., brl. 5 bb!., barrel, .... gap, Sonne, 
 
264 
 
 Bbls., barrels, ......... Suffer, onnen. 
 
 bco., banco, .......... banco, 
 
 bd., bound (of books), .... gebunben, (t>on SSiidjern), 
 
 Bdle., bundle, ......... SSunbel. 
 
 bds., boards, ..... ..... in $appe, cartonmtt. 
 
 B/L., bill of lading, ...... (Sonnoffament, @d)ip * $erla 
 
 SSricf. 
 
 Bk., bank, ........... S5anf. 
 
 B. R., Bombay rupees, . . . SKupien t>on Combat). 
 
 B. R., Banco Rcfjis (or Re- tie ^ing'3= (ober gege 
 fjinae), King's (at present, iueen'6=) SSendj, 6a 
 Queen's) Bencb, ^of^crid)t 
 
 Bo 1 ., bought, ..... , . . . . faufte.} gefauft 
 
 bro'., brought, ,vee am'., &c. 
 
 BW., blue wove (paper), . . gebldutcS S3 elin= papier. 
 
 C., cent, ............ ^unbert. 
 
 0., cent (coin in America), . . <ent (9)un;e in 2lmeria). 
 
 C., copper, ........... ^upfer, $upfer-($clb. 
 
 C., coom, ............ 9Wag pon 4 SSuftct. 
 
 Capt, Captain, ......... (Sapttdn. 
 
 cari d ., carried, see am'., &c. . 
 
 Ccy., curry., currency, .... (purant. 
 
 C. E., civil engineer, ..... ^it)tt=Sn9emeur, 
 C. F., current florins, ..... 6ourant=utben. 
 Ch., Cha., Charles, ...... 
 
 Cl., cl., clerk, ......... 
 
 cl., clove, ( of cheese), . . ba23iertet t?on 
 
 Co., Company; County, . . . Sompagnie; raffd)aft. 
 
 com., commission, ....... <ommiffion, 
 
 comr., commissioner, ..... ^ommifjiiondr f SBeauftragte. 
 
 Con., consols (consolidated confotibirte (funbirte ober 
 
 stocks), ^enbe) @taat6=0c{)uib. 
 
 Conn. (utt?.Con.), Connecticut, Connecticut, 
 cons"., consignments, ..... 
 
 cop., copeck, ......... 
 
 C. P., Common Pleas,. . . . 
 
 tigteitcn. 
 
 C. P., copy paper, ...... (5oncept=$apter. 
 
 C pt ., Captain, .......... (Sapitdn, 
 
 Cr., Crs., creditor, creditors, (rebitor, ^rebitoren. 
 
 crt., current, .......... courant, gangbar. 
 
 Crt., current, ......... <ourant, 
 
 cts., cents (pi. of cent), . . . (ente (^plural t)on Sent), 
 cust. h., custom-house, .... 
 
265 
 
 cvvt., hundred weight, .... Centner. 
 
 d., penny (or pence) sterling, $enm> (ober $ence) Sterling. 
 
 d., date; discount, ....'.. Saturn 5 SDtSconto, 
 
 d., dl., dollar, Cottar. 
 
 d/a., days after acceptance, . . Sage na$ bem Accept. 
 
 Dan., Daniel, Daniel. 
 
 D. C., District of Columbia, . . tftrict <olumbten. 
 
 d/d., days after date, Sage nac^) dato. 
 
 D d ., d' 1 ., delivered, abgeliefert. 
 
 d/dte., days' date, Sage dato. 
 
 Dec., (Month of) December, (Monat) December. 
 
 Deg., Degree, [] rab []. 
 
 Dft., dft., draft, SEratte. 
 
 Dit., ditto, beSgletdjen. 
 
 dls., dols., dolls., dollars, . . $>ollar$. 
 
 D. L. S. ? double refined loaf )oppel=3taffmafce. 
 sugar. 
 
 d ., dto., ditto, 
 
 doz., dzn., dozen, 
 
 D r ., Drs., debtor, debtors, . . ^Debitor, Sebitoren. 
 
 ds., days; dues, age$ Sofl 
 
 d/s., d/s 1 ., days after sight, Sage nad? 
 days sight, 
 
 dty./duty, Slbgabe, 3ott. 
 
 dup., dup'., duplicate, .... 2>upltcat 
 
 dwt., pennyweight, g)fettni 
 
 E., East; ell, {ten; 
 
 E., England; English, .... (Snglanb; engttf^. 
 
 Ed., edition, Sluflagc, 
 
 Edw., Edward, (buarb. 
 
 E. E., English ell, engltfrfje 
 
 E. E., errors excepted, . . . Srrttyitm 
 
 Br g. (exempli gratia) , for gum SSetftnel (j. S3.). 
 
 example, 
 
 E. 1., East India, the East SfcSnbien. 
 
 Indies, 
 
 E. I. C., East India Company, bie ofttnbtfcfce (Eompagme. 
 
 E. I.H., East India House, . . ba$ cf^dftt^attfi ber oftinbi= 
 
 fdjen ^ompagme in Conbon. 
 
 E. L., Eastern Longitude, . . ojHidje 2dnge. 
 
 Eng d ., England, (Sngtanb. 
 
 E. &O.., errors and omis- Srrt^umD 
 
 sions excepted, rore et omissione). 
 
 Esq., Esq f ., Esquire, (seeYlil- *** Sol)tgeboren, (|)rn. *** 
 
 gel's Compl. Diet. 3d Ed.), 
 
260 
 
 E. T. 0., <fec., and so of the unb (o tteiter (u. f. ft.), unb 
 rest, and so forth, and so fo ferttet (u. f. f.). 
 
 on, 
 
 Ex., example, SBeifptet. 
 
 Ex., Ex C7 ., Excellency, .... (frceflenj. 
 
 Ex., exch 6 ., exchange, .... (!2Bed)fel=) @out. 
 
 Exr., executor, (cftament8) S3olljtef)er. 
 
 Extras, extra expenses, . . . aujjerorbentlicfye llnfoften. 
 
 f., fiat., (let it be done), ... e foil gefc&efyen. 
 
 f., fine, fetn, fd)6n. 
 
 F., French; Fellow, ftattSftfd}$ SDlttglteb. 
 
 F., flm,, Flemish, fldmtfrf). 
 
 Fcap., foolscap, Pro-patria-tytyiw. 
 
 F. E., Fl. E., Flemish ell, . . pmife&e He. 
 
 F. E., Fr. E., French ell, . . ftangofifc&e (Site. 
 Feb., (Month of) February, . (SDlonat) gebtuar. 
 
 Ff., if., pandects, |)anbecten(tmr6mtfrf)en9Se<$te). 
 
 Fkn., firkin, gafc&eru 
 
 Fl., florin, ulben. 
 
 Fm., fathom, gabcn (6 gup). 
 
 Fo., Fol., folio, @ette, folio. 
 
 Fra., Francis, Frances, .... Srcmj, gcanct^ca. 
 
 Fred., Frederick, ^rtetJrid). 
 
 F'scap., foolscap, Pro-patria-tya$iuc. 
 
 F 1 ., foot, guf. 
 
 Ft., (fiat), let it be done, . . eS jolt gefcfyefycn. 
 
 Fth., fathom, gaben. 
 
 Fur., furlong, V 8 engltfcfye SOlctle. 
 
 G., gold, oiD. 
 
 Ga., Georgia, (0taat) Oeergtcn. 
 
 gall., gallon, gallons, aUonc, atloncn. 
 
 Gen., general, General. 
 
 Gent., genileman, 
 
 Geo., George, 
 
 Gov., governor, 
 
 Gov'., government, SKegieruncj. 
 
 Gr., grain; groat, (S>rcw} rcot 
 
 Gr., gt, great, 
 
 G. R., Geory Rex, (King 
 George), 
 
 gs., guineas, CSutneen. 
 
 H., hour, @fimi>e. 
 
 H., him'., hundred, l)unbert. 
 
 h/a., his account, few (Sontp, fctnc 9icc5nung. 
 
 Hants., (t. Hampshire, .... (raffc^aft in Gnglanb). 
 
267 
 
 li. b., homeward bound, (of nacfj $aufe befttmmt, 
 
 vessels), @d)iffen). 
 
 Hble., Honourable, Qeefyrt/ efyrenroertfy. 
 
 hble., humble, ergeben, ergebener. 
 
 H. (E.I.) C., Honourable (East d?rentt)ertf)e (oftmbtfcfye) <om= 
 
 lndia)Company.TotheII.C., pagme, SDer e n o n @, 
 
 H. 0. M. ? Honourable Com- Don berefyrempertbenojttnbij"rf)en 
 
 pany's Marine, Gompagnie Marine, 
 
 H. C. S., Honourable Com- imSMenft ber efyrenroertfyen ofb 
 
 pany's Service, inbifdjen @ompagnie. 
 
 Hd., Hon d ., honoured, .... geefytt. 
 
 Herts.., Hertfordshire, .... (raff^aft in <ncjlant>). 
 
 hf., half, l;alb, 
 
 hf. bd., half bound, ^alb fran, 
 
 hf. cf., half calf, l;alb franj. 
 
 Hhd., hhd., hogshead, ..... 5^oft. 
 
 II. M. S., his (her) majesty's @r. (S^rer) STOajeftdt @(j&tff. 
 
 ship, 
 
 Hon., lion 1 ' 9 ., honoured; ho- gee^rt^ efyrenroertl). 
 
 nourable, 
 
 H. P., hot press, (of paper), tyetjj gepreft, (oom papier). 
 
 z.,in, in* 
 
 ib., ibid, (ibidem), in the same ebenbafelbjl:. 
 
 place, 
 
 id. (idem), the same, .... cben bcr=, btc=, baffelbe. 
 
 i. e. (id est), that is, ba tft. 
 
 111., Illinois, SUinoiS. 
 
 in., inch, inches, 3ofl, 36Ue. 
 
 ino., indigo, Snbigo, 
 
 inst, instant, biefcg, (aufenb, gegeiwarttg. 
 
 int., interest, 3infen. 
 
 inv., invoice, gactura. 
 
 I. O. U., orlOU (I owe you), ict) frf)ulbc S^nen ..., ober bin 
 
 3^nen . . . fcfyulbtg. 
 
 Ja., Jac., James, Sacob. 
 
 J/A.,jointaccount, (in halves), fiir ^albe SRed^nung. 
 
 Jan.,' (Month of) January, . . (9ftonat) Sanuar. 
 
 J. D. (Juris Doctor), Doctor Doctor Oer Stec^te. 
 
 at Law. 
 
 Jn., Jn., Jo., Joe., Job., John, Sojfjann. 
 
 J. P., justice of (the) peace, grtebenS=3ttci)ter. 
 
 J. R., James Rex, ^ontg Sacob. 
 
 jr., junior, bcr Sungere. 
 
 Jul., (Month of) July, .... ($lonat) 
 
 Jun., (Month of) June, . . . (2ftonat) 
 
 
268 
 
 Just., Justice, . ^ ....... 3ufH$i Sttdjter. 
 
 K., K 8 ., King, ......... ^pntg. 
 
 kg., keg, ............ ftdgdjen, Sonndjen. 
 
 leu., kiln, Kilderkin, ..... gdfcfyen, fyalbe Sonne (t?on 18 
 
 attonen), 
 
 K"., kingdom, ......... ^omgretrf). 
 
 Ky., Kentucky, ........ .ftentucfy. 
 
 L., 1., load, .......... gabung. 
 
 L., 1. (liber), book, ..... S3ud). 
 
 1., load, ............ atwng, 2ajh 
 
 1., line, ............. geile. 
 
 I., leeward, .......... unter bem SBtnbe. 
 
 L., 9 pound, ......... $funb Sterling (elb). 
 
 L., Lat., latitude, ....... geograpljifcfye 25reite. 
 
 La., Louisiana,, ........ Souiftana. 
 
 I/a., last account, ....... alte Sflec^nunc^. 
 
 Lad'., Ladyship, (her ), 3^o (Snaben^ t)a gndbtgcgtQU 
 
 lein. 
 
 Lat., latin, ........... lateimfcfH ba& Satetnif^e. 
 
 lb., Ibs., pound, pounds, . . * ^fwn^/ $funt)e (e^ic()t). 
 
 Lb'., lubs, .... ....... litbifc^, 
 
 L d ., Lord, ........... 2orb, ^>err. 
 
 Ld"., Lp., Lordship, (his ), (Seiner errltd)feit. 
 
 Lieu., Lieut., Lieutenant, . . lieutenant. 
 
 L. L. D., (Leyum Doctor), Sector better Sled^te, 
 
 Doctor of Laws, 
 
 L. 31., last month, ...... ttortgen 
 
 Lon., Long., longitude, . . . aeograp 
 
 LpooL, Liverpool, ...... gberpool. 
 
 Lr., Lt., letter, ........ S$rtef, 
 
 L'., Lvr., (French) liver, . . it>re (fran^ofifi^c SD'Jun^e). 
 
 L. S., (loco Myilli), in place an tenets tatt. 
 
 of the seal, 
 
 Lr. St., 1. stg., pound sterling, $)funb Sterling, (englif^e 9Re<^* 
 
 Lt., last, ............ Saft. 
 
 L. Y., 1. y., last year, .... t?ortge Sal;r, im ttorigen Sa^re. 
 
 M., majesty; meniber; mix, gRdjeftdti 2)litgltet)5 mifc^e. 
 a., Md 
 
 M., Ma., Mdra., Madam, 
 
 M., in., (mzV/e), thousand, . . taufenb. 
 
 M. (manipului\ handful, . . fjanbttofl, ^)anb ttofl. 
 
 in/a., my account, ....... meine SRedjnung. 
 
 M. C., Meniber of Congress, (ongrcgmttglteb. 
 
 ni/d., months after date, . . . DZonate nai^ bato. 
 
 Majy., Majesty, ....... SDlajefldt, 
 
269 
 
 Mar., (Month of) March, . . (SOlcnat) 
 
 Mart., Martin, Sftartin. 
 
 M. D., measured distance, . . tie (Don ten SBefyorben) 
 
 meffenen CsrunDe, SReilen, \c. 
 
 Md., Maryland, Sftarplant). 
 
 mdize., mdze., merchandize, Sfiaare, Baaten. 
 
 Mem ., mems., memorandum, SIRemoranDum, 2Jemorant>a. 
 
 memorandums, 
 Mess., Messrs., M. M., Mes- 
 
 sieurs, 
 
 Mich., Michael, Michaelmas, 0ttcf)(a)el, 
 
 Miu., minister, 
 
 Mks. Bco., marks banco, . . 
 
 ink'., market, 
 
 M. L., mark Lubs, 3)lar iubifefc. 
 
 Mir. Mllr., milrees, milreas, 3)ltireeg (portugiefif^e 
 
 (Portuguese money of ac- nung$=2Jtunje). 
 
 count). 
 
 Mo., Missouri, SfttffourL 
 
 mo., mos., month, months, . Sttonat, donate. 
 
 M. O. S., Mo. Ob. St., Mo 1 ., $el)orfamfter, gel;orfamer, erge= 
 
 Ob'., Serv'., most obedient bencr, ergebenper Wiener. 
 
 servant, 
 
 M. P., Member of Parliament, $arlament=?[Rttgliet>. 
 
 Mr., master, (master of a !>eno (CEapitdn eine ^auffat;r-- 
 
 merchant-ship), tei=@cfyiffe6). 
 
 M. R., madras rupees, .... SRupien t)on 9Jlabra6. 
 
 Mrs., mistress, Srau, COlatame. 
 
 MS., manuscript, 2)anufcrtpt. 
 
 m/s., months after sight, . . . Donate nacfy 
 Ms., see Mir. 
 
 MSS., manuscripts, SDJanufcripte, 
 
 M"., Majesty, 
 
 M. W., man of war, 
 
 M'., money, 
 
 N., North, Morten. 
 
 N., note, 4 .... Sftote, S3emerfung. 
 
 N., nail, (measure), Sftajj t)pn 2 ] / 4 3oll. 
 
 N., No., Nro., number, . . . Summer. 
 
 Nat., Nathanael, ^att)anaet. 
 
 Nav. Blls., Navy Bills, . . . cf)tp=3?otcn. 
 
 N. B., NB., mark well, . . . beraerfe, tuo^t ju merfen. 
 
 N. C., North Carolina, .... 9?ott>-arotina. 
 
 n, d., no demand, cfyne grage, nt^t bcge{)rt, flan. 
 
 N. E. ? North East, 
 
270 
 
 N. E., New England, .... 
 
 Nem. con. (nemine contradi- (ol;ne SemanbcS SSiberfptud:)), 
 
 cente), Nem. diss. (nemine einjUmmig , etnljellig, einmu 
 
 dissenticnte), unanimously, tfytg, unisono. 
 Nic., Nicolas, ......... 
 
 N. H., New-Hampshire, . . . 
 
 N. Hants., .?. Hants. 
 
 N. J., New-Jersey, ...... 
 
 N. L., North or Northern La- norblicfye 23rette. 
 
 titude, 
 
 N. O., New-Orleans, .... 9?eu=)rleanS. 
 
 Not., Nott., Nottsh., Not- SRcttingtyamf&tre. 
 
 tinghamshire, 
 
 Nov., (Month of) November, (SDlonat) 5Rot>ember. 
 
 N. P., Notary Public,, .... offentlicfyer, Dereibeter ?otar. 
 
 N. P.. New-Providence,. . . 9ieu=3)rombence. 
 
 N. S., New Style, ...... neuer @tyl. 
 
 Nt., neat, net, ......... nctto. 
 
 N'., P^., net Proceeds, . . . SRein^rtrag, ^ettc^rtrag, 
 
 N. Y., New-York, ...... sKeu*Jorf. 
 
 O., Oliver, ........... )iit)ter. 
 
 o., old, ............. alt. 
 
 6, on, .............. an, auf, 
 
 o/a. 5 old acct., old account, alte 9ied)nung. 
 
 Ob. (obolus), half penny, . . fyalber pfennig. 
 
 ob., obj., object; objection, egenpanb^ dinroenbung. 
 
 ob d ., oh'., obedient, ...... gefyorfamft. 
 
 Oct., (Month of) October, . . (SKonat) Dctober. 
 
 O. P., out of print; old price, t?crgrtffen (Don SSuc^ern) } alter 
 
 ord., order, Drier. 
 
 O. S., obedient servant, . . . ge^orfamer 3Mener. 
 
 O. S., O. St., Old Style, . . alter @f 
 
 Oxon., (Oxonium), Oxford, )rforb. 
 
 oz., ounce, Unje 
 
 p., per, for, fur. 
 
 P., protest; protested, .... Sproteft; protefttrt. 
 
 P., pipe; pint, $Hpe$ ^pinte. 
 
 P., perch, pole, SKutfye, 9ftejjrutl)e. 
 
 p., pag., page, S3latt=@eite. 
 
 IPa., Pennsylvania, $pennft)loamen. 
 
 Par., Parl.,Parlt. 9 Parliament, $)ariament 
 
 pble., payable, jafylbar, tjerfattcn^ 
 
 P. C., price (prices) current; $ret=(ourant$ 
 
 prime cost, (manufacturers' 
 
 price), 
 
271 
 
 P. C., p. C., pc., p. Ct., p. )rocent, Don ober fur bae> Jpun* 
 
 ct., per cent, by (from) the bert. 
 
 hundred, 
 
 p d ., paid, ............ be$af)lt. 
 
 Pk., peck, (V 4 of a bushel), $iertel(emeSengttfc$enS3ufoel). 
 P. M. (post meridiem)., in the 
 
 afternoon, 
 P. M., post-master, ...... 
 
 p. (p r .) Proc n ., per procura- per $rocura. 
 * tion, 
 
 Ports (Portuguese gold-coins portugteftfdje (Mb'SSKun^en (foe* 
 
 particularly Johannes), fonbers SofyanneS). 
 
 P. P., Post paid, ....... frcmftrt, franco, frei. 
 
 P.P.C.(pourprendreconge), urn Slbfcfyieb 311 nefymen. 
 
 to take leave, 
 
 p. p., pages, .......... @ettcn. 
 
 ppon., proportion, ...... SSerfydltmf. 
 
 prox ., proximo, ........ ndd)ft. 
 
 P. S. ? postscript, ....... Sttaityfcfyrtft. 
 
 P. t. o., please turn over, . . wenben ie gefdttigjt urn. 
 
 Pt., pint, ............ $)tnte. 
 
 Pt., p'., payment, ....... 23e$al)lung, 3a^)(ung. 
 
 pug. (pugil), eighth part of ber ac^te^eU etner $anb t?oH, 
 
 a handful, fletne <$rtff. 
 
 pun., puncheon, ........ gaf, SEonne. 
 
 pwt., pennyweight, 
 
 d., question, 
 
 Q., Queen, 
 
 Q. 5 quantity, .......... Luantttdt 
 
 q.(^wc?r/i*),farthing.(fourth garbing (V 4 penny, fleinfle 
 
 part of an English penny), englifcfye SUiun^e). 
 
 q. (quasi), as if, ....... gteicfyfam, al ob, a(S tt?enn. 
 
 q. d. (quasi dicas), as if he aU ob er gefagt l)dtte, (alfc fagte 
 
 had said, man). 
 
 q. 1., q. pi. (quantum libet^ or fo 23tel at beltebt. 
 
 quantum placet), as much 
 
 as you please, 
 
 qr., quire (of paper), .... 25udj) (papier). 
 
 Ur., qr., quarter, ....... SStertel ( ! / 4 ). 
 
 q. s. (quantum sufficit) , as fo t>iel aU not()ig (afc> recfyt ober 
 
 much as is necessary, fymtet(i)en.b) ift. 
 
 qur., quarter, (8 bushels) . . ^orn=9}lag Don 8 23ufbef, 
 
 qu 1 . quart, ........... Utart. 
 
 qu 
 li. 
 
 li. (rex), Kin 
 
 , 
 
 R. (regina), ftueen, ..... $6mginn. 
 R. (recipe), take, ....... ntmm, 
 
272 
 
 R, rod; Rhenish, ....... SKutfye; rtyetmfdj. 
 
 R., prime sort, (on the bales ^rtma^ortc (auf ben 23att<m 
 
 of Spanish wool). bet fpanifcfyen SBotte). 
 
 R., clean hemp (on the boards SRetn=>anf (auf ben 35ret$en 
 
 of Riga hemp), bee rtgaifaen JfranfeS). 
 
 R., Rble., ruble, ........ SRubel. 
 
 Rd. Pt., received payment, bejafclt (Safylung) erfyalten. 
 
 Rec d ., r d ., received, ...... empfangen. 
 
 Red., reduced, ......... l;erabgefe|t. 
 
 Ri. 5 Rd., Richard, ....... Ktrf)arb. 
 
 R. M., ready money, ..... bar elb. 
 
 Rm., ream (of paper), .... Sfttef (papier). 
 
 R. N., royal navy, ...... 3tomglid)e Sftarine. 
 
 Ro., Robert; Roger, ..... ^Robert, 9Utpred)t, SRoger, JKu= 
 
 biger. 
 
 R. P., republic, ........ SRepublif, gret=0taat. 
 
 R. R,, rail-road, ........ fen*SBa$n. 
 
 Rs.^Rees (of Portugal, A-.Mlr.), SReeS (portugteftf 
 
 SRunje), 
 
 Rs., rubles, ........... SRubcl. 
 
 Rt., receipt, .......... Ciutttun^ 
 
 Rt., Robert, .......... Slobert 
 
 R 1 . hon ble . 5 right honourable, Ijodj^uoere^renb, 
 
 R'. wp w ., right worshipful, ^oi$(^r))urbig, fe 
 
 Run., Runt., rundlet, ..... gafjct)en on 18 allon SBctn* 
 
 ., see; shilling; silver, . . . ftcfye*, Aiding, <Stlber. 
 
 S., South, ........... (Siiben. 
 
 Salop., Shropshire, ...... fyrcpffytre. 
 
 Sa., Sam., Samuel, ...... (Samuel. 
 
 S. C., S/C., South Carolina, @ub=6arolina. 
 
 S. C. (senatus comultum), S5erorbnung beS (Senate, 
 
 decree of the Senate. 
 
 schr., schooner, ........ ^^opner. 
 
 Scil. (scilicet), to wit, .... ndmlid), wtc folgt. 
 
 S. D., Spanish dollar, .... fpanifc^er Collar. 
 
 S. E., South East, ...... @ubJDft. 
 
 Sep., Sept., (Month of) Sep- (EDlonat) September. 
 
 tember, 
 
 sh., shilling, .......... filling. 
 
 Sh., shire, ........... raff<fcaft 
 
 shpd., shipped, ......... tjerlaben, t)erfrf)ifft. 
 
 S. I., Sea Island, (i. e. Sea Sea.bland-S3aum)otte (S. t>. 
 
 Island cotton), ben Snfeln @t. @imon imD 
 
 6umbcrtanb f [in bcr 9?a()e 
 tjon eorgien]), 
 
273 
 
 Sk. 5 sack, @acf . 
 
 SI., sloop, <Sd)aluppe, 
 
 S.N. Y., State of New-York, taat $Reu* 
 
 Sol., solution; Solomon, . . . $ufl6fung,t>.$ufgelofl;ej0alomo. 
 
 S. P. (soprapfotesto), under untcr ^roteft, 
 
 protest, 
 
 Sp., Spain, panten. 
 
 Sp., Spanish, fpanifd). 
 
 Sp. D., Spanish Dollar, . . . fpanifcfycr Sottar. 
 
 s(). yd., square yard, luat>rat S)arb. 
 
 Sr., Sir, $err. 
 
 vS. II., sicca rupees (of Bengal), @icca SRupten (Don SBengalcn). 
 
 S\,ss.,(*emi6,v2.y), half a pound, etn fyalbeS 'jpfunb. 
 S. S. Anns., South Sea An- 
 
 nuities, 
 
 S. S. E., South-south-east, 
 S. S. W., South-south-west, 
 
 St., stone, (Stein. 
 
 St., strike, d&cffcl (2 S3uf$el.) 
 
 St., street, @tta|e. 
 
 St., saint, @anct, < 
 
 Ste., Steph., Stephen, .... (stepfyan. 
 
 vSterL, sterling, fterltncj. 
 
 S. W., South-west, <Sut>=2Bej 
 
 T., tun; Texas; Thomas, . . Sonne; 
 
 t/a., their account, il)r (Sonto, i^re 
 
 Tatf., Theophilus, $eop(il, Gottlieb. 
 
 T. B., treasury bill, 6affen=23iaet, Saffcu 
 
 The., Theophilus, S&eo^it, ottlicb. 
 
 Tho., Thomas, ..*....-.*. Somag. 
 
 Tim., Timothy, . . a 
 
 Tit., Titus, SEitirt. 
 
 To., Tob., Tobias, Sobia. 
 
 T. o., turn over, (.9. P. t. o.), went>en @ic gefdUtgjl inn. 
 
 Tr., tr., truss (of straw), . . . 25unbel, S5unb (@tro^). 
 
 Tree., tree., tierce, rtttel*$ipe(gafjt>.42atl0tten), 
 
 ., un-, (as a prefix), SSorftlbe un-. 
 
 U. C., Upper Canada, .... )bercanat>cu 
 
 U. J.D., utriusque juris doc- Sector better 9le^te. 
 
 tor (doctor of both laws), 
 
 tilt, (ultimo), last, ttorig (oortgen SJlonats). 
 
 U.S. UnitedStates (of North- SSereimgte taaten (Don 
 
 America), 5lmerifa). 
 
 U. S. C., United States' Con- @onful ber SSereinigfen 
 
 sul, (Don 02orb=5lmerifa). 
 
 v. (vide), see, fielje (man fetye). 
 
 v., verse, Ber8* 
 
 18 
 
2T4 
 
 Va., Virginia. . . . SBirflinien. 
 
 ven ble ., venerable, ....... tterefyrimgSrourbig. 
 
 v. g., vg., (verbi gratia)^ for gum SSeifpiel. 
 
 example, 
 
 viz., (videlicet), namely, . . . namlirf), rcie folcjt. 
 
 vim., Flemish, fldmifd). 
 
 Vo. Fo., verso folio, luer=goUp. 
 
 vol., vols., volume, volumes, 23anb, SSdnbe. 
 
 V. P., vice president, S3ice=$[rdfiDent. 
 
 V. R., Victoria Regina, . . . 23tctorta, $6mgtnn. 
 
 vs., versus (aU Law, against), contra (abbr. c/r ob. cjen?. '/.). 
 
 Vt., Vermont, SSermont. 
 
 v.v., vice versa, (contrariwise umgeEetyrt, tm dkijentfyeile obcr 
 
 ober contrary-wise), SSc^fetfaUe. 
 
 W., West, SBe^ 3Bej^en. 
 
 \v., week, SBocfye. 
 
 \v*., \v ch ., which, roelcfycr, n?etd)e f n?cld)g. 
 
 W. I., (the) West Indies, . . SBefHnbten. 
 
 Wil., Will., Wm., William, SBil^dm. 
 
 Wilts., Wiltshire, SBiltfoire. 
 
 wk., week, SBoiije. 
 
 w. D , when, wann, \renn. 
 
 w.% who, irer, welder. 
 
 W. P.,Wp.; Wp fu1 ., worship, ^ocftwurben^o^trurbtger^fc^t 
 
 worshipful, (Sfyrmurbiger. 
 
 W. R., Wilhelmus (b. t. 6??/^ ^onig SBil^elm. 
 
 lielmus) Rex^ 
 
 \v'., what, it>a, tfyettS. 
 
 >v tb ., with, mit. 
 
 Wy, wey obet way, (bag grogte SWaf trocfner ^a= 
 
 cfyen), SStspel. 
 
 X., ten, $ei&tt. 
 
 X mas ., Christmas, SKetI)nad)tcn. - 
 
 Xi >her ., Christopher, ^rtj^opl). 
 
 Xr., cruitzer, ^rcujct*. 
 
 Y d ., yard, engltffi* glarb (3 
 
 y'. 5 the, ber f bie, ba. 
 
 y ro ., them, fie, ifynem 
 
 Y. M. O. S., your most obe- S^ gefyorfamjler, 
 
 dient servant, S)tener. 
 
 y% then, bann? bcnn.' 
 
 y r ., your, (^uer, SI)re. 
 
 y'. ? this, btefer, btefe, ttefeS. 
 
 y'., that, bap. 
 
 \"., you, thou, @te, u, ^r. 
 
 YW., yellow wove (pape^), tt)ctfe 2Seltn=$apier. 
 
 Z. Z., ginger, 
 
Als vorzugliehe zur Erlernung der englischen Sprache 
 niitzliche Hulfsmittel sind folgende Flugel'sche Werke 
 angehenden Kaufleuten und Englischlernenden iiberhaupt, 
 besonders zu empfehlen: 
 
 ber 
 
 ober 
 
 fcetttfcfee faufmanmfcfte S3riefe nut englifd&en Stoferu 
 
 giinfte Derbefferte unb Dermcfyrte S 2luflage. 
 
 1850, 
 8. etea,. cart 1 Sgjlr. 
 
 ober 
 
 pra!tifdE)e 5lnn)etfuncj jur faufmdnnifd^en 
 Pcutfd; - (EnfiUfd) - /tansoftfd) 
 
 Gcntfyaltenb etne ammlung faufmdnnifc^cr 9Rufterp^rfert aue 
 etner grogen 5ln^a^)t tton 23riefen, Slec^nunflcn, ^retscouranten 
 unb anbern aufmannif$n ^apteren gema^lt 9?ac^ ben 
 
 ber (^rammatif bearbettet 
 oerbefferte unb oermel;rte 
 fiefpjt^ 1842. Suliu ^ItttfJarW. 
 brett gr 8, eleg. cart. 1% 
 
 ober: JlaufmSnnif^eS 2S6rter^uc!) in bret prac^en, erf!er 
 Seutffl) = (Sngltfdb * ^ranjoftfct) ; etitl)altenb bte tecfynifcfyen 2fu^briidCe e 
 4>anbelg, ber ^anufacturen, bee ^ifffa^tt unb ber JJCedjte. Seipsig, 183G, 
 3. 6. ^)tnrtd)g'fct)e S3ud)t)anbiung. @r 8. cart, l l / 3 S^Ir. 
 
 , or Commercial Dictionary in three languages. Volume the 
 second. English French German; comprehending the technical 
 expressions in trade, manufactures, navigation and law. Leipsic, 
 1838. J. C. Hinrichs. Large 8. bds. ! 2 / 3 Thlr. 
 
 Triglotte, ou Dictionnaire de Commerce en trois langues. Tome 
 troisieme. Fran<;ais Anglais Allcmand; conteuaut tons les termes 
 propres, usite's dans le commerce, les manufactures, la navigation 
 et le droit. Leipsic, 1840. J. C. Hiurichs. Gr. 8. cart. % Thlr. 
 
 faufmdmttfdtjeS ^ant = 2B6ttcr&it^ f in bret pracfyen, enttjaltenb 
 bie gebrnud)Ii^|ien 2fugbrucfe beg anbelS. Sctp^tq, 1840. g. (L ^inrtd)^. 
 (in brei 2fbtl)etlungen roie bo^ obige SBerf). cart. 1 Sf)Ir. 
 
 SJottftdnbtge engltfc^c <2pcac^le^re, fur ben erften Unterrtc^t fon?oftl al*> fiir 
 ba tiefere tubtum, nacl) ben bejien rammattfern unb Srtljee'ptften: 
 SBeattie, v&arri^, Sol)nfon, SorotI), Stturrat), Sffialfer, u. 2C. be= 
 arbeitet unb nttt otelen 58etfptelen au3 ben beru^mteflen englifdben ^)ro* 
 faifern unb Sic^tern ber a'ltern unb neuern 3eit erldiitert. Set^ig, 1824, 
 fcei (S, ^letfdjer. I 1 /, 3Wr._ 
 
 18* 
 
THE SELECTOR; or, a chaice collection of nrisceltaneoue pieces in prose 
 and poetry, from the best English writers, designed to facilitate th 
 improvement in reading and speaking the English language. In two 
 Volumes. 8vo. Vol. I. containing prose. Vol. II. containing poetry. 
 Leipsic, printed for G. Reimer, 1827. Large 8. 2 Thlr. 20 Gr, 
 - 
 
 A COMPLETE ENGLISH AND GERMAN PHRASEOLOGY: or, a co- 
 pious collection of English proper expressions; comprising all the 
 verbs and other parts of speech of the English language with the 
 prepositions they govern; exemplified by analogous German phrases. 
 Leipsic, J. C. Hinridis. 1832. Gr. 8.' cart. 20 Ngr. 
 
 Flowers of German Poetry. Leipsic, printed for Julius Klinkhardt, 1835. 
 8. Broscii. 1V 2 Th'lr. 
 
 A PRACTICAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH AND GERMAN 
 LANGUAGES IN TWO PARTS. Part. I. English and German com- 
 bining in a condensed form a rich store of words not to be found 
 in other dictionaries with the pronunciation distinctively marked 
 according to the best and most simplified system of J. E. Worcester^ 
 Esq. exhibiting all the anomalies of English pronunciation accord- 
 
 d. T.: Praktisches Englisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Englisches WO?- 
 terbuch in zwei Theilen. Theil I. Engiisch-Deutsch. Enthaltend in 
 gedrangter Form eine reichhaltige Sammlung von Wortern, welche 
 sich in den bisher erschienenen Worterbuchern nicht finden, nebst 
 Bezeichnung der Aussprache nach dem von J. E. Worcester , Esq., 
 aufgestellteu fasslichen Systerne, so wie genauer Angabe der einzel- 
 nen Abweichungen in der Aussprache nach den besten orthoepischen 
 Quellen. Gv. 12. Fein Maschinen-Druckpapier. Geh. 2 Thlr. Ham- 
 burg und Leipzig, 1847. J. A. Meissners Verlagshandlung. Theil II. 
 Deutsch-Engfiseh. Bearbeitet von Dr. Felix Fliigel, unter Mitwirkung 
 von Dr. J. G. Flugel, Consul der Vereinigten Staatcii von JNord-Ame- 
 rika zu Leipzig. Gr. 12. Fein Maschinen-Druckpapier. Geh. 3 Thfr. 
 Hamburg und Leipzig, 1852. J. A. Meissners Verlagshandlung. 
 
 A COMPLETE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH AND GERMAN AND 
 GERMAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES, containing all the words 
 in general use. In two Volumes, Royal Octavo, vellum paper; Vol. I. 
 English and German. Vol. II. German and English. Compiled from 
 authors of established reputation, and exhibiting the pronunciation of 
 every word, according to Walker, Smart and other prominent Eng- 
 lish orthoepists. Third edition much improved and augmented with 
 upwards of forty thousand new articles, which are not contained in 
 the second edition.* Leipsic, printed for A. G. Liebeskind, 1848. 
 Gr. 8. In sheets 14 Thlrs. in boards 15 Thlrs. 
 
 .*) The second edition contained in simple and compound words 
 94,464 and 16,156 proper expressions and proverbial phrases. 
 The contents of the first edition amounted to 83,128 words and 
 14,125 proper expressions and proverbial phrases. 
 
 Printed by C. W. Offenhauer, Eilenburg. 
 
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