GIFT OF 
 
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II For Offivhfl ijvviihiijnij U. 
 
 Safety Precautions To Be 
 
 Observed In Handling 
 
 German Munitions 
 
 Fuzes and Fuzed Projectiles 
 
 Prei>.\!u;i) by Secoxi) s-a n 
 Gknkhal Si akf, G. li. Q., ,\. i 
 
 F5^BR^ARY 18, 1918 
 
 
Fop Official Cipcuiation G. H. 0- A. E. F. 
 
 Only Second Sec. Genepal Staff 
 
 Febpuapy 18, 1918 
 
 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED 
 IN HANDLING GERMAN MUNITIONS 
 
 FUZES AND FUZED PROJECTILES 
 
 1. Fuzed projectiles or loose fuzes found or captured will be 
 examined as soon as practicable by an officer only, to determine 
 whether or not they are safe for handling, and also if they are 
 of a new or unusual type. If the latter condition is established, 
 they will be reported to an Intelligence Officer for disposition. 
 
 Unsafe projectiles and fuzes of known or usual types will be 
 conspicuously marked or protected pending disposition by de- 
 struction or burying. 
 
 2. German fuzes may be classified as to location in the pro- 
 jectile as Point and Base. Point fuzes are more frequently 
 encountered than base fuzes, and are visible from an outside 
 inspection of a projectile, except in the following cases: 
 
 (a) Projectiles employing point fuzes, but fitted with a 
 "false" (ballistic windshield) cap. 
 
 (b) The 77 mm. anti-tank shell (K. Gr. 15 m. P.). 
 
 (c) A variation of the 77 mm. long high explosive shell, when 
 provided with the fuze, "L. K. Z. 16 m. V." 
 
 These projectiles may be readily distinguished from base 
 fuzed projectiles from an inspection of the base, which bears no 
 indication of the presence of a fuze. 
 
 Base fuzes, as a rule, are found in large-caliber howitzer pro- 
 jectiles and in medium and large-caliber projectiles used in 
 high velocity long-range guns. The indications of the presence 
 of base fuzes, to be expected from an outside inspection of a 
 projectile, are a view of the fuze itself, or of the metal fuze 
 cover disc on the base of the projectile. 
 
 3. In general, the safety of a point fuzed projectile may be 
 determined in the following manner: 
 
 (a) Many types of point fuzes are provided with a safety pin 
 which passes through the fuze body and one of the active ele- 
 
2. . ;;..: . ;■. . 
 
 :njent!s*in§rde: :U*:tUVj?,pj« is rusty, or if the construction of the 
 luze indicates that a safety pin was provided, but is missing, 
 the fuze and projectile should be regarded as unsafe for hand- 
 ling or transportation. 
 
 (b) Many types of fuzes are provided with gas escape holes 
 covered by a small metal disc sealed with a drop of wax. The 
 absence of the gas escape hole cover indicates that the fuze has 
 functioned in part, which should cause the fuze and projectile 
 to be regarded as unsafe for handling or transportation. 
 
 (c) "Instantaneous" fuzes are provided with a safety cap for 
 the protection of the seat for the percussion plunger rod. The 
 absence of the safety cap, or the presence of the percussion 
 plunger rod projecting from the point of the fuze should cause 
 the fuze and projectile to be regarded as unsafe for handling 
 or transportation. 
 
 4. Unexploded base fuzed projectiles, and those provided with 
 non-apparent point fuzes, should be regarded as dangerous for 
 handling or transportation until examination by an experi- 
 enced officer shows that they are safe. 
 
 5. German fuzes should never be placed in water with a view 
 to rendering them harmless. Many types of their fuzes contain 
 an internal safety device, composed of a mass of compressed 
 powder, which, if softened or dissolved by moisture, may permit 
 the arming of the fuze, and may thus render a safe fuze dan- 
 gerous for handling or transportation. 
 
 6. "Minenwerfer" projectiles are provided with point fuzes 
 which, in general, are similar in appearance, action and safety 
 arrangements to fuzes provided for guns and howitzers; how- 
 ever, the recent development of a minenwerfer fuze which 
 functions from lateral as well as longitudinal shock should 
 cause these projectiles to be regarded with greater suspicion 
 than those provided for guns and howitzers. 
 
 7. Data as to characteristics and illustrations showing ap- 
 pearance and markings of various fuzes and projectiles known 
 to be in service in the German army will be found in appro- 
 priate handbooks. 
 
 8. Gas shell for guns, howitzers and minenwerfer are pro- 
 vided with point fuzes of the same general appearance and 
 characteristics as those provided for high explosive shell; the 
 safety rules above given for point fuzes therefore apply. 
 
 9. Leaking gas shell should be buried in at least three and 
 one-half feet of earth and in addition the following should be 
 carried out: 
 
 (a) Blue Cross, Green Cross, gun or howitzer shell, and all 
 
minenwerfer shell marked with one or more white bands or the 
 letters "B," "C" or "D" should first be covered with a layer of 
 lime. 
 
 (b) Yellow Cross shell should first be covered with a layer of 
 chloride of lime. 
 
 10. Gas shell should never be thrown in water, for not only 
 may the safety device of the fuze become ineffective (see par. 
 4), but the water may become poisoned. Gas shell, if safe for 
 handling, should always be stood on the base in order to pre- 
 vent the possibility of the liquid coming into contact with 
 the fuze (see par. 4). 
 
 GRENADES. 
 
 11. German grenades may be classified as Explosive Hand 
 Grenades, Gas Hand Grenades and Explosive Rifle Grenades. 
 
 Grenades found or captured will be examined as soon as 
 practicable, only by a trained bomber or an officer who thor- 
 oughly understands the construction and functioning of grenades 
 in general. This examination has for its purpose the determi- 
 nation of whether or not the grenade is of a new or unusual 
 type and the matter of its safety for handling and transporta- 
 tion. 
 
 Unidentified or unusual types and their fragments will be 
 reported to an Intelligence Officer for disposition. Unsafe 
 grenades of known types will be conspicuously marked or pro- 
 tected, pending disposition by burying or destruction. 
 
 EXPLOSIVE HAND GRENADES. 
 
 12. Cylindrical Grenade with Wood Handle, Old Type. (See 
 figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.) There are two variations of this type, 
 both being exploded by a friction time fuze and pull cord or 
 wire. In the earlier model, the pull cord is secured to the lower 
 part of handle by a paper band; in the later model, the pull 
 cord is coiled in a cavity in the base of the handle, which is 
 closed by a metal screw cap. If found with paper band broken 
 and pull cord free, or handle screw cap missing, the grenade is 
 live and should be handled with care. 
 
 13. Cylindrical Time Grenade with Metal Handle, 1917 Type. 
 (See figure 5.) This grenade differs from No. 1, in being pro- 
 vided with an aluminum handle painted "field gray." It is ex- 
 ploded by a friction time fuze and pull cord or wire; the latter 
 is attached to a weight seated in a cavity in the bottom of the 
 handle, and is held in place by a screw cap. 
 
 If found with handle screw cap missing, the grenade is live, 
 and should be handled with great care. 
 
14. Cylindrical Percussion Grenade with Wood and Metal 
 Handle ("Wilhelm"), (See figure 6.) This grenade is similar in 
 appearance to No. 1, except that the upper half of its handle is 
 of metal, the cylinder is of slightly greater diameter, and the 
 belt hook is missing. There are two variations of this type; in 
 one, a safety pin is attached to a weight, seated in a cavity in 
 the base of the handle, and retained by a handle screw cap. In 
 the other, the handle screw cap is not used; the safety pin ter- 
 minates in a ring, which projects from the bottom of the 
 handle, and is held in place by a safety cord passing through 
 the handle. 
 
 If found with the safely pin ring or safety pin weight missing, 
 the grenade is not safe for handling. This type of grenade is to 
 be regarded as especially dangerous. 
 
 15. Cylindrical Percussion Grenade with Wood Handle, 19i7 
 Type. (See figure 7.) This grenade is quite similar in outward 
 appearance to the later variation of No. 1, the end of its handle 
 being closed by a metal screw cap which retains in the handle 
 cavity a weighted tube. 
 
 If found with the handle screw cap missing or weighted tube 
 projecting, the grenade is not safe for handling. Unsafe percus- 
 sion grenades are to be regarded as especially dangerous. 
 
 16. Egg, Time Hand Grenade. (See figure 8.) The body is 
 of cast iron painted black, of about the same shape and size as 
 a large egg. One end is flattened and is provided with a screw 
 seat for the friction primer-time fuze tube, which is provided 
 near its outer end with a gas escape hole drilled through its 
 side and covered by a paper band. The loop of the friction pull 
 cord or wire emerges from the end of the tube. If found with 
 the friction pull cord loop in place, and no evidence of the 
 burning through of the paper cover for gas escape hole, the 
 grenade is live and should be handled with great care, since a 
 pull on the friction loop will cause it to explode. 
 
 17. Disc, Percussion Hand Grenade. (See figure 9.) Two vari- 
 ations of this type are known; a small model, made of two 
 convex discs of sheet iron crimped or riveted together, and a 
 large model made of cast iron. The brief description below 
 given applies to both models. 
 
 This type of grenade is provided at its edge with six radial 
 tubes, five of which are closed by screw caps or plugs, and the 
 sixth with a slip cap, retained by a cotter pin terminating in a 
 ring; the tube opposite the one last mentioned contains the de- 
 tonator, and is marked by the letter "S" stamped in tne top of 
 the screw cap. 
 
 If found with cotter pin or slip cap missing, the grenade is 
 
live and should be handled with great care. If any portion of 
 the safety plunger projects from the slip cap tube, or if this 
 tube is empty, the grenade should not be handled by anyone. 
 
 18. Spherical Time Hand Grenade. (See figure 10.) This 
 grenade is a sphere of cast iron, three inches in diameter, ser- 
 rated for fragmentation and provided with a friction tube, from 
 the end of which projects a friction wire terminating in a ring. 
 A gas escape hole is provided near the outer end of the friction 
 tube, and covered with waterproof paper. 
 
 If found with friction wire in place, and paper cover for gas 
 escape hole not burned through, the grenade should be handled 
 with care, since a pull on the friction wire will cause an ex- 
 plosion. 
 
 19. Spherical Percussion Hand Grenade. (See figure 11.) This 
 grenade consists of an iron sphere, serrated for fragmentation, 
 into which is screwed a steel cylinder 35 mm. in diameter and 
 57 mm. in height, containing a' percussion firing mechanism. A 
 small wire passes through a hole drilled in the base of the 
 cylinder and is attached to a cord, which is in turn fastened to 
 a projector cup by means of which the grenade is thrown. 
 
 The projector cup is a steel cylinder 40 mm. in diameter and 
 100 mm. high, with a flaring mouth. 
 
 If found with safety wire broken, or if the grenade is found 
 separate from the projector cup, it is live, and should not 
 be handled by anyone. 
 
 GAS GRENADES. 
 
 20. Gas grenades are hand-propelled, and include two types: 
 the non-explosive glass grenade, and the metal grenade, which 
 requires a small charge of explosive in order to cause the rup- 
 ture of the case. 
 
 21. Glass, Gas Hand Grenade. This grenade consists of a 
 glass sphere 85 mm. in diameter, sometimes covered with a pro- 
 tective cord netting. It is non-explosive, but breaks up on im- 
 pact. 
 
 Unbroken grenades of this type, while not actively dan- 
 gerous, should be handled with care, precautions being taken 
 against their being dropped. 
 
 22. Metal Gas Grenade. (See figure 12.) This grenade is 
 composed of two hemispheres of sheet iron 100 mm. in diameter, 
 painted gray, and provided with a friction tube-detonator 
 screwed in the body. 
 
 This tube, when in place, projects about 24 mm. and carries a 
 friction pull wire terminating in a ring. 
 
Variations of this type may be distinguished by the following 
 inscriptions to be found painted on the body: 
 
 Early type: "B" or "B. StoflF," or "Hoechst-a-M." in black. 
 
 Later type: A red band about the junction of the body, and 
 the letter "B" painted on each side of the band. The inscription 
 in red, "Gas C." 
 
 As a general rule this type of gas grenade should not be 
 handled by any one except an officer familiar with the subject 
 of gas. 
 
 Leaky gas grenades should be disposed of in the same manner 
 as that prescribed for gas projectiles. 
 
 23. To disassemble safe hand grenades: 
 
 (a) Handle type: Unscrew handle and remove detonator. 
 
 (b) Egg or spherical types: Unscrew friction or detonator 
 element. 
 
 (c) Disc types: Unscrew the "S" cap and then the remaining 
 ones, except the slip cap held by the cotter pin; remove the de- 
 tonator and friction pellets. 
 
 RIFLE GRENADES. 
 
 24. German rifle grenades may be divided into two general 
 classes: Percussion Type with Tail Rod, and Time Fuze Type. 
 
 25. 1913 Model, Tail Rod Percussion Type. (See figure 13.) 
 This grenade is composed of a steel cylinder painted "field gray," 
 120 mm. long, 40 mm. in diameter, serrated for fragmentation 
 and provided with a tail rod 450 mm. in length. A percussion 
 fuze is screwed in a seat in the front of the body and two gas 
 escape holes filled with wax are provided near the rear. 
 
 If this type is found with gas escape holes open it is live and 
 should not be handled. 
 
 Even if the grenade appears to be safe (gas escape holes sealed 
 with wax) it should be handled with great care, since dropping 
 it may render it unsafe or cause its explosion. 
 
 26. 1913 Model, Tail Rod Percussion Type. (See figure 13.) 
 This is a variation of the original 1913 model, the difference 
 being the provision of a safety pin, which passes through a 
 stem at the lower end of the body, and one of the active ele- 
 ments inside. 
 
 If found with the safety pin missing, the grenade is live, and 
 if handling is necessary, great care should be exercised. If, in 
 addition, the gas escape holes are open, the grenade is dangerous 
 for handling by anyone. 
 
 27. 191^ Model, Tail Rod Percussion Type. (See figure 14.) 
 This grenade is composed of a steel cylinder and tail rod of 
 
about the same appearance and dimensions as the 1913 model. 
 A cupped disc of iron is screwed over the lower end of the 
 body and a milled headed fuze is screwed into the nose. When 
 the fuze has not functioned, its milled head rests upon the end 
 of the nose without interval. 
 
 If the grenade is found with milled head of fuze extending a 
 short distance beyond the nose of the grenade body it is live, 
 and not safe for handling by anyone. 
 
 28. "Safe" grenades of the Percussion Tail Rod type should 
 be handled with great care, and if carried, the body and not the 
 tail rod should be grasped, the fuze end being carried upper- 
 most. 
 
 To disassemble "safe" grenades of this type, grasp the grenade 
 as when carried and unscrew the fuze. 
 
 29. 1917 Model Time Rifle Grenade. (See figure 15.) This 
 grenade is composed of a steel cylinder 58 mm. in diameter, 75 
 mm. in length, with hemispherical ends, pierced with an axial 
 channel for the passage of the rifle bullet. A fulminate cap is 
 seated in the side of the upper portion of the bullet channel. 
 The grenade is propelled by the gas of the rifle cartridge from 
 a "tromblon" attached to the ritle barrel by a spring collar. 
 
 While this type of grenade is not actively dangerous, it should 
 be handled with care, and no attempt should be made to intro- 
 duce any hard object in the bullet channel. 
 
 30. Stick Bomb. (See figures 16 and 17.) This bomb is fired 
 from a "Stick Bomb Thrower" or "Signal Thrower," and is of 
 the self-propelled type. 
 
 It is composed of a cast iron cylinder two and one-half inches 
 in diameter, five inches long and serrated for fragmentation. A 
 steel tube five inches long, containing the propelling cartridge, 
 is screwed into the lower end of the body; four vanes or wings 
 are riveted to this tube near its outer end. A percussion fuze se- 
 cured by a radial safety pin is screwed in a seat provided in the 
 upper end of the body. The body, tube and vanes are painted 
 "field gray." 
 
 If found with fuze in place, but safety pin missing, the bomb 
 is live and should not be handled by anyone. 
 
 If both fuze and its safetj^ pin are in place, or if the fuze is 
 missing, the bomb may be handled, but with care. 
 
 To disassemble safe bombs of this type, unscrew the fuze. 
 
 31. Signal and Message Rockets. (See figures 18, 19 and 20.) 
 These devices are composed of a cylinder of iron or zinc one 
 and one-half inches in diameter and three and one-half inches 
 long, with the front end closed by a conical iron cap painted a 
 distinctive color. To the lower end of the cylinder is attached a 
 
8 
 
 tube seven inches long, to which are riveted four vanes or 
 wings. 
 
 These devices are non-explosive, except for the propelling 
 cartridge seated in the forward portion of the tube, and are 
 fired from a "stick bomb thrower" or "signal thrower." 
 
 Message rockets contain various colored light compositions, 
 indicated by the painting on the conical closing cap, which, in 
 the case of two specimens examined, was red and green, re- 
 spectively. 
 
 The message rocket, in addition to a light and smoke composi- 
 tion, contains in the forward portion of the body a small metal 
 can intended for the reception of a written message. The color 
 of the front closing cap of a specimen examined was yellow. 
 
 Rockets of the above types are not dangerous for handling 
 or transportation. 
 
CYLINDRICAL TIMET HAND GRENADE. 
 WITH WOOD HANDLE 
 
 F.g. 1. 
 
 OLD TYPE 
 
 Ffg. 2. 
 Section. 
 
 r ^- ----, 
 
 
 
CYLJNOPtCAL. TIME HAND Gl?ENADE 
 
 WITH WOOD handle: 
 
 MODIFICATION. 
 Fi^uK-e 3. Figure -4^. 
 
 SctineJ MtgoJ Carer (^JOt ccnnecred v^ilh i:.or<j) 
 
 Elevation. Section. 
 
CYLINDRICAL TIME HAND GRENADE 
 
 W(TH METAL HANDLE 
 
 Figure S 
 
 8rav fube- 
 
 kmn Sheet inan fftn^ 
 
 OersescciCfe /)oMs 
 n//i>oard /'ude •"=*—— \ . 
 
 T^n tui>e. 
 Cofit 
 
 fS/rA/6f' 
 
 
 'Sfnngf a//ac/»c//c mrgpi^/ 
 
CYL»NORlCAU PEPCU5SI0N 
 HAND ©RCNADE 
 
 F*f gur-e 6 . 
 
 Detonator 
 
 Safety Ball 
 
 Safety Pin 
 (a needle) 
 
 Striker 
 
 Flat 
 Spring 
 
 Safet/ 
 Ck)rd 
 
CvuNORicAL Percussion 
 
 HAND GRENADE - /9l7 TYPE 
 Figur-e 7 
 
 /^^/s 
 
 i-- 
 
 'compress ea/ £>y 
 
 re/eo'set/ 
 
 Screw cotter 
 
 Section. 
 
 Section 
 
 Showing Sleeve 
 
 Withdrawn. 
 
EG-G,TIME HAND (SRENADE: 
 
 Wire Loop 
 
 Metal C«^ oonUining 
 Frictioa Tube 
 
 Tube eofiUiniitg Fuse 
 
Ottonotar 
 
 F'igure, 3 
 
 DISC HAND GRENADE 
 
 $cromJ/fvf 
 

Rifue: Gf?e:nade, model. I9i3 
 
 igniter Plug 
 
 TinDis 
 
 —Spindle 
 
 "Powder Pellet 
 "Base Cop 
 ^'Gas Escape. 
 -Striker Pellet 
 Cap. 
 — Needle 
 ' Flat Spring 
 
 — Tail Rod 
 
 -Gas Check. 
 
 M 
 
 '^^-- - Copper Plug 
 
 To show safety pin in latest pattern. 
 

 
 MODEL I9M., 
 
 
 /e/y P/n 
 
 
 ■Striker Pe//ef- 
 ■Spr/n^ for p0//et- 
 
 Soc/^ of fuj 
 "Spring for - 
 
 lock^ B<x/J 
 Cap. 
 i/p f^or 
 Safety Pin 
 
 Hat Spnny 
 
 Dctonafct'- 
 
 •fu^e Charge 
 
 Care/hoard 
 Cyfinc(cr 
 
 C/ictr^ 
 /ron O/cfc 
 
 A/ippk 
 - Ta// /?od' 
 
 Gets Cheek 
 Copper P/off 
 

 -2CAUi_i- 
 
 'no grenade in cup read y to fir e- 
 
 !l"'"| [■'ijl 
 
 i I ' i 
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 1 ! 
 
   1 
 
   ' ^ 
 
 ' 1 : 
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 El' 1 1 1 ' i 
 
 ^a#^ 
 
 f Cup . 
 
 Screuj collar 
 
 Cap- 
 
 Time Fuze 
 
 Brass holders^^ 
 
 Detonator 
 
 Bursting charge 
 
 Steel body 
 
 Cj(//ndnco/ passage fbroui/et 
 
 Total weight- i5i oz 
 might or bursting ctmrge- IJ 
 
STICK BOMB 
 
 pe//e/- 
 
 Percussion 
 
 cap 
 ScfeAf Pin 
 
 Mbna/br 
 
 
 Section ihrov.gh " stick '* of bomb-thrmoer showing 
 bomb in posUion. 
 
Figure - )© 
 
 f?OCKET TH(?OWEl? 
 
 
 
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 ffaay /o /ire. 
 
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