GIFT OF ^^7 .>^" '^::\^ '^s ^i-''^"> ,,^'**v ^ ^- K^TRODUCTORY SYRIAC METHOD AND MANUAL BY EGBERT DICK WILSON, Ph.D. PROFKSSOK OF OLD TESTAMENT LANGUAGES AND HISTORY IN THE WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, ALLEGHENY, PA. NEW YORK CHARLES SCRTBNER'S SONS 1891 Copyright, 1891, bt ROBERT DICK WILSON. V Press of J. J. Little & Co. Astor Place, New York TO MY BELOVED PARENTS THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY AND GRATEFULLY DEDICATED M. M /-^ J"*' /^ PREFACE. The plan of this Method and Manual is in general the same as that of the corresponding *' Introductory Hebrew Method and Manual " of Professor W. K. Harper, Ph. D. The following notes may be in place by way of explanation. The first four chapters of Genesis (which are copied with yaria- tions from Nestle's ^'Syriac Grammar") are chosen because they afford the best means of comparison with the Hebrew of Pro- fessor Harper's '^Manual." The selections from the 10th to the 32d page, inclusive, lead up gradually from more easy to more difficult portions of the Peshito version. The last selection is the introductory portion of the history of Rabban Soma, possessed in manuscript by the author and never before published. Being printed in the Nesto- rian alphabet, it will be useful as an introduction to the East Syriac system of writing. For assistance in reading this selection the reader is referred especially to the note under Section I., Article 6, and to Article 6. 6. of the '" Elements." The *' Notes and Observations" need no remark, except that the latter contain all of the main principles of Syriac grammar, while the former give all explanations necessary for a full under- standing of the orthography, etymology, and syntax of the text. The " Grammar Lessons " carry the student over all the articles of the *' Elements of Syriac Grammar," with reviews of the same. The ^'Word Lessons" contain only such words as are not in the verses of Genesis, upon which the '' Exercises " are largely based. When the grammar lesson has been upon a certain subject, the word lesson gives such words as throw light upon it ; e. g., in Lesson XL the grammar lesson is on Lomadh Olaph verbs; the word lesson consists largely of Lomadh Olaph verbs. The vocabu- lary thus learned can be enlarged from the " Word Lists " on pp. VI PREFACE. 134-147. The " Exercises '^ are based upon the text of Genesis and upon the grammar and word lessons. They will be found, it is hoped, an excellent means of fixing in the memory the princi- ples of grammar and the words of most common use. The *' Ex- ercises'' can be supplemented by the transliteration of Genesis I., and by the literal translation of Genesis I. -IV., found at the end of the volume. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Chrestomathy 1- 36 Genesis I.-IV 1- 9 Psalm II 10 Jonah , 11- 15 Malachi 16-21 Matthew XXVI.-XXVIII 22-33 Selection from Rabban Soma 33- 36 Glossary 37- 55 Manual Part 1 56-123 Lesson I Genesis I. 1 56- 58 Lesson II Genesis I. 2 58-62 Lesson III Genesis I. 3, 4 62-66 Lesson IV Genesis I. 6-8 66-70 Lesson V Genesis I. 9-13 70-75 Lesson VI Genesis I. 14-16 75-79 Lesson VII Genesis I. 17-23 79-83 Lesson VIII Genesis I. 24-31 83-87 Lesson IX Genesis II. 1-8 87-91 Lesson X Genesis II. 9-15 91-95 Lesson XI Genesis 11 16-20 95- 99 Lesson XII Genesis II. 21-25 99-102 Lesson XIII Genesis III. 1-5 102-106 Lesson XIV Genesis III. 6-14 107-110 Lesson XV Genesis III. 15-24 110-114 Lesson XVI Genesis IV. 1-13 115-118 Lesson XVII Genesis IV. 14-28 118-120 Lesson XVIII Psalm II 121-123 Manual Part II 124-133 Notes on Jonah 124-128 Notes on Malachi 128-1 30 Notes on Matthew 131-133 VUl TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Word Lists Syriac 134-140 List of Verbs 134-137 List of Nouns 137-140 Word Lists English 141-147 List of Verbs 141-144 List of Nouns .. .. 144-147 Transliteration of Genesis 1 148-150 Translation of Genesis L-IV 151-160 > > > 1 THE FIRST FOUR CHAPTERS OF GENESIS. Cliapter I. m'oZ Zcci \^h]o ' . 1^^] L^o ) *\^4> ^ ]cjlX jj^D ^ i i-jo I V P7 P , /^^k PK .5^ 7 P ' b. ^ , b. \^ I "i*^ l^'i^? au**090 : |.^coiZ wJLs] \^ ^a.Au*o : oioAo p P 7 p b. P 7 Pi. p 7 ^ P 7 , y ^ ^ ^ A A P P 7 C.* P b. ^ P 7 7 ^ y P h^ P7P7 P 7 P 7 P P P ^>>. ^ 7 P P P b- \x^\ ]o(no |, 4^9 |o(7io : ^^^ W ]i^ \^n a*\o . |ViVi] ]^ginl\ r P 7 P 7 P P 7 P t: 7 ]^o ^ . pb=(3i ]ocrio . ilik.txi] ,-l>o ^^^:>^x;:^9 ).Ilo ^.^^oo : ilii^i-o?] ^J^ 7 f. *7 P 7 P 7 P 7 P 7 P 7 P 7 p :k 7 P i^jo <> .>^'9Z9 j^o^ li^T jcoio |.Ji^9 ]ooio . jiVio i^;;)^^?!] ]au^ * \) A . ^7** 7P P7 /t> 77P7 S.P . |A A . ^. ll^ZZo : f^ l?^^ j.i^^A' ^-^ uA*^^9 \Ji:iC ^ 4ln^ ]aiJ^ lO X>x *. ^ 'A' ^ A P 7 P ^ 7 P . 7 P P7 P7 P P 7 Ij-o |^:sc? I 4l-iSo : V^9| ]^ A>ni\ joiX ]j-co ' . jOsoi ]ooio * 4 x> a: la il P7P '7 P 7 7 t^ .7 p P7 /.."T 1^^^ II9Z j::^?] vi>,fiqZ :]3iJ:^ r^]o " . j i'^49 joiX ]}^o . jSn^i^ cvi> ci^^^jj : giml ^\ \'i\A jiii:;.? j^j^? |JL^]o . q i n7l^\ V^?*) '^^fpao? P77/t> PyP 7 P 7 \. , 7 Of' 7 \^h} '^9?1^? jnmS ]i?Z jJb.?] luailo >' . jOioi ]caio : J:;.?] Vu a . A A P P 7 , ^ ^ ^ ^ X., ^ p p p I *.. P P7 7* Pi**P 7- 7P7 w^i^ jooiJo . {.x:^ IC^j^lfi^ |.l^iA^9 jcoiJ ](7u^ 'r^]o * .'> f^ ]^a^ 7 _ 7 _ p 7 77 ."^F." ^ A p P 7 P t: 7 J^ o^qilViN jiV4? p;.^^?!^ . I - P 7 m P P 7 P 7 P7P7P7P7 ]auk ^jo '* jiJi^Zj l^a-. .]j^^ looio j-*^? jcoio ^^ 7 >. P''.. 5^ P P 7 7 m ,,7 7 P p ^ h. m 7 7 P7P P 7 P 7 *>P 7 P 7 7 ^ A p. Jk PIS' p p X P p b. ,7 P I 7 m 7 m :j^ 7 p 7 7 p I 7 p 5^*7 P 7 P P m 7 P 7 h. P 7 wAinViSo :|.*\N-o I^Vi.j^ w^Na\i\o " .jJi^^i Vi^ o?gi1V\ P7P7P7P7 ,V P (97 >. *>/f. pa. , )i^, JOCIO |.^L09 JCOIO ^^ . i a4 4 9 ](71^ I}-'* ; |jn a i*\ j^tTIOj wJlA P7/? P 7 P 7 P 7 P 7 ^ 7 P Y m 0,7 07 ^ y n. X.7 P P 7 P 7 7 P i 7, 7 P 7 7 m 1^909 jJLUZ ] ,. * P7 *7 P 7 P 7 P 7 i. l^L) ji^^wMf^' ^^O . ^01 HTl^N JJlJ^O Q.A^9|9 |.-*^99 J^^^a^ | A^J ^^O 7, .i^ 7*P ,*.*7 =r. 7P P7,P* oj^ : ^oil^ r^jo |Sr> ; oi ^Vsa^ ^ -^O P 7 ^ ^P* P 1 7 ^ P m P 7 P-^7 P 7 7 1.4^9 oil^^o : oiml ^N ]i>\no : oi m 1 ^\ |^9|9 ]Za^ jou^ fS:ii>o ^^ P P , m P 7 m :r y p P 7 7 m P 7 P77P7P7 P 7 7 ^^t. . ^ b. m ^ ^ . ^ 7 7 . |>Sn4 9 ]ZL*i.ar2o : \:::L^ ^al_s ^ \ 4 To . *^a^? ^] ^%n\ *^ P 7 mP P 7 a.7 P7 P_i.7.P.7 P i 7 GENESIS CHAPTER II. 3 P* 7 , *.^ If 7 . P P V ' \i A ' ^ A ' V 7 7 7 7 ,*> 7 m t> .*V^ ^. QiSico : Q"^^ ^o Ot-3 : joi.^ ^crulu r^]o J jov!^ ^] ^t ^ "' v^l piT PrrPr^r 7 7"U , 7 7 ^N J P J>. t) P 7 P 7PP - h.7 ' i>^ 7 ,m =cP fc> P h. 7 7 7 If P 7 U oi-o ^Ij ^I^^l Vso . I:;^^] cjvlii) uLs] 'Vl. '^9?"|^? |^9"|? jnrnS oiii^ |Zq.au* qi\n!^o . ]^\nn|_Lo jofriJ Aa!>^ : "^^^p^ oi-^'l? qi.l'S*.*] ^^\a ao t> x> I _* * p r *P. J>. y P 7 7 t> 7 ^P ^ P b. 7 P 7 ouJd 2u.]5 I^M '^^^ik ^.4-*99 ^^,011.0 : I4V149 ]ZLi-9 qiNn\o ^o ; j^j? A. ' P 7 P7 P P 7 >^/t> ''. '^ PPw > P 7 P 7 ll^o ^' . jj^oi ]o9io : ]^>l^eLs)Vi\ | nm\y |^9Q^ oi-L^o : ]ui^ | ^'^'^ < P7PrP7P7P7 7 PP J'. 5^ JxP :>|^.j^9 l^a^ Ir^A i^''* )-*^9 jccno . j i'^ 4> >.^ jno : 1-2:^9 ^^^^^ |(7i^ Ohapter H. P P P 7 ^ b. 7 X P 7 P 7 7 .*. m PP X P P' I** 7 .7 "PP P>i ^ * =.?' PPi PP P 7 ^.^ "PP ft 4 ' P P " ' ip .^* ^ ^.S' ..PP ^Jk Sn4> ]aiA>. I^i^ r^^? I'^'*'*'^ ' o^r^-^l t-s I^H?o I Vi 49 ^ ft 4 . . . . . . P 7 ". '^ * P7 P P 7 P7 pi^ft. Ua^9 I "^^"^ 01.1^^0 . 1^9^^ C001 P "^.ij:,^ |La^9 )lN| ^(3ili>^o ' P 7 '7 7 P P P P m7 P /^ P P7 m 7 P 7 m P b. X P p ,tK 7 P 7 ^ "^ * * K "i jn^Vo : 1^9) ^ ]cai y nSm )^n.^V^o " > |^9)^ > mS^vN wiJ^ >c9(o ^ A 7 V 7 >*. 7 PP 7 7 7 ., ' "^ ' 7 7 7 0,7 4 CHRESTOMATHY itq^o : |]iSn\ ^^^^'1? r;^i '^^ = M '^-^ 1^'^^ V-r^ ^ki^ojo .... ..... m 7 '0^7 p 7 X ^ P 7 m 7 7 7 p p x 7 jiwCL^? I^^r-? JJ^^Jo :|ja-.9i^? CTZCi.wiao ^-1*9 jJ^jo : '^j-ifilu P ,7 7 >r^ b. 7 , P 7 P m *-. r /^ V^V 'r^? ^<^ ; ^ A Ai ,.um9 qiVlA/ " > 4.9 l-^^^^P JOSIO Si.JWi^ ^^'^ h. ' P P . t> 7. ^ P 7 p. 7 P X 7 P 7 l^i] gi\,o\ 9|-**9 0(7i : .n iJA ^^ 1 1 1Z j^oijj adn^o ^^ . Poi.^9 |-s|^o &.P 7Ji.*P. 7*PP7P7. 7 * . 9oZ] ^ nnn\ ^l|9 coi : L.1;;>X9 . ]^^<^9 h'^i qiViA-o ^* . s,A.a-n9 p^y^ 7 pp p p p 7 7 7, p ^ 7 p 7 |ja-9i-aD 01 no 40 >c9y jtJuX ji^i^ |^?o " : Zj-s ooi V^'l? I'f'iJo 7-PPP P P 7 X m =c^, *7 20 ' (7^ r-^|o >c?l^ jsiA^ l-^t-^ |.ao ^ . ^no^i^^o v^oin >\19 . * |ilk9 * ^ /i - - 7 X P P X ^ b. 7 7 7 P A w ... A A * ..... 7 ^ b- 7^ PO *_ ^7P P PP7* K p. . >^CTO?n mS^ >c9l |o(nJ9 I iq4 )] : joiJ^ Wr^ r^l^ '^ ^'^^^ jZolo - * X ^4 iS P P7/.^P P P 7 7 ^P 7 PP 7 /^y^ X, A ^ * * '. ->. PP P ^Jk '7 P 7 7 P 7 0^ ^ 7 P- h. 7 2^ \\^} >c9] Zolu ^1 ^^]o I -'^ ^* ]^<^t-^ (kl;;;i^o : lt-^99 ]Zxau* ft> , P7P7 PP ' k. ^. .* POO . 01, Via. 001 001 ]ui^ ]..A.aj ^9] .oolI^ ]i^9 ^^'^>^o : ^01^ |i^ \XiC 7 7 P 7 P P 7 P=c P P PPP7 : | > V) 49 |2U.i^' 01 \ n So : I-j-lLs oiSn\ JolLq^ >c?| lt 00 " GENESIS CHAPTER III. 5 mP v n n r 7 c pp ^ 7 i> 7 p 7 .c?|3o ,\:^h\j \Zo.j^ gi\n\o ^ y V ^7 pp 7 p p ^7 ^ \^ y nmle : ^^?o >c?| V-J^ | iS4> jciA. \^'^ ^*io9|o " * . ^ ^ A 7 7 P P P P 7 , >^ P ^ . ir. < nn7l l-^iilk. ]<7iA. I^i^ ^Zo ^' . gn * =i\ I* IjJaii ,-.o]o : wcpiaLX 00 P 7 3 7 P ^ P# V PP P 7 P 7 PP P7 P-7^/R-i' P 7 ]j-aJ ^9 V^ l-^^i Vt^^Z l?oi : <-iJao ^ Ijja^o : --^iscfJ 7<> * i^7 P 7^ ^h..pp ^ P = ca__a Jo : oiJasPo >-ffiQjo|3 Ij-^^^ ^jixL*J jjcn ^^^^^-^lId " . | -^^f^'' PP P n^ 7 ^ b. 7 77 7_ 7,>7. ,J>.^ . 7 : Zsi.S Po ciZAJJo or Chapter XU. P PP y7P7 P_5^7.P P P* ra A . . . - 7 7 7 " P 7 X p* p ^oiJ!:^^ J.U9i-ai9 JT\.i] ^^l-s ^^a:^ . |-.ai!^ ]^^1 -^ijlojo * .^la^jj^ * 7/ i77PP73:* jK* P iKP7** 2v.LaLo P ]Z^P I-.Q-U j^]o * . ^cZa^oZ Pj cv^ ^qjo^jdZZ P oUl:^ r ^ ^ P . /!> ^ . * 7 7 , . 7^ ,^ ^1^0 . ]^ A,*,ro ]Z:^^ ^A^,^ ]oi^ . v^l ^iLAomo ^n*l*\ JA^*Z^JLo |mVi\ ]jX-| w.s^i-^90 |1*\\ cci |i-^?o Vi|.illk jJiX-.] i-i^a^? |zij| P7P7 .^* 5' 5^== ^. * * 6 CHKESTOMATHY. 7 7 ^ b.P , P 7V m t-P , 7 7 !<,. 7- P 7 "7 . 01^ i^]o >c?y jflvX l-i^ li-co . |j(i-.9i-aS5 JJL^I o^ ]aiX j-j^ P . m 7 P 7 b. 7 *^ ir _^ ]ai . LS\ s*l^i^9 >^a^ oJLao j^ji^ 0il^ t-^]<=' ^^ . ^ a,4 l2]o -^ ^^ -^ ^ ' ' . :c .. . |.i:u|] |(n^ Uf^ i^jo . 2J:^|o jol^l ^ ^^ Lhsi^ ^01 wC^oL. . * * - 4 w . I * P 7 7 7 P 7 P 7 P7 i 77 X JkP,^7 777.. 7 P7 3= -IS x7 ,77 7x > *._P7 4 . .. . w * * P-f>7 7P 25 "KosjZ Pj v^ Zj^jo ^Z,-as9 1^2^^] ^ is.lii-=|o .^AhS\'i oiNn'n '^\> \i^z^o > .lia-? jJiiai. "^osjZo . >^^ j^oZ jV'? I^as ^^ ^ * . p 7 p 7 I^l li-aL? V^ .ZL^^nUZ] (nJL:^9 i:i^9y >^as(n^9 |:;>0|:^ . |Viii\ "^osjZ GENESIS CHAPTER IV. 17 jn^V? ]uJlia^' oiZAjPo >c?P ]ai^ j-ji^ ,-Cii.o " .^4^5 Vsj V^^e] ..^-lifi ^ .^1 ]ooi >c?] joi .]jtlX ]-.jio i Icjo " . ^] ^^'Vj^ ^^ w| * nn7lo 01, ] w^uik^oJ |,Vi\? 1.^01 . ]A.A ^ro ]^ ^^ ^,v^^ <* V 7- * r-.K*r J> y t> 7 P , b. m 7 7 P 7 tt- 7 V^'r^} IJJL4.0 )_o^_s vr-^? ]-^t. P 7 m 7 7 P P P 7 1^9 *^%^^JDoi ]coio . ^^-jjDci ^AOiQ^y ,\,Sn\ ^^-afflojo ' | ^^v^V ]^ ^ lO *. 7 P " 7 7 P 1^ P 7 P 7 7 ^ P K.P P^^P 7x7 n. P P P P P 7 i>^ I ^ P ^^ 091 v.| >JlJ\ S>,M::^ayo * . |-*i.SQ.\ ]J^9a.o . 01^9)9 ]'i]^ ^^ t-'I-^ . ovlS9aar)o ^^^^s^^si-S H>r^ >.a^ ,|o . ^gi i>1 *Vi 4> _L>oo (nJLL9 ly^oT) X 4 7 , P ^ m P ^7 7 P P P 7 m ,7" - z "" * P 0777 P m ^ 7 7 m P 7" . ^Si'^9 ]oi4ui* \.\hZ V^ . i^aA'Z P|o . h\'~\r> -^s^Z . | ]ai * . 'f^ 8 CHRESTOMATHY. m p p ^ ^ * y ^ ^ 7 7 i^|o . ^Qmu] \^^a% C(7i |.n^] . ).n\ ]^'^ r^jo (n.^^^4-c<=> ^^slm] ^ bLll^ . j:;.?] ^ ^1 wJlJ^-Vi^ " . 1^9] ^ ^Zaiu 1^ v^o^fj * 7 7^7^^ )3 li^^f.^ V, tr|\qZ 1^ '^ . '^y-i] . So >fQ^l9 01^9 ^N-n-flo (7l,Soa,'=^ ^1-0 i^fijo '3 . |:^9|^ jooiZ 9|Jo Ci.]l . (TiSiM >^ *\ZZ9 ^aicoZ P 7 P , 7 7 7 ,7 Vf jjv^a^ v^^s^l ]oi ^* . V nn4Vi\9 ^Lo s^Zn\nm vaoi |^9 . | -j^\ . 7 * P 7" ^ VSO . ^9|^ ?|J0 ^]l ]001|0 . |~*-^Z] v^^lLDj-O ^O . 1^9] ^^1 . I . p 777 ,-Lo "^ y^qin tN ^ n1 |39 ^^ijnn |z| j^i^^ >aCo . u^^^^ |\n4n ^ p 77 ,7* 77 ,0*7 * . X p 7 . v^qJLm 01^^ >3_^ ^^=^>^ ]^r^? ^ Vi 4/ It-co l^t-o P-s ]coio 7 P7P-*7P . pQ^o " .jlilP w^i^xo JT-^^^ v^yVS\ l-s] ]ooi OCT .'^n^S ^ . . . ws] P^O " . IjJiO ]92wi^ r"-^]? '''^^-ii^ 1^1 jOfJI 0n .\jDQ-. >^CTa-i*]9 GENESIS CHAPTER IV. 9 1-^3^ ^2La!^o^ i^^^-Jti Ir^? '^^'-^^ . v^|V|Sn\ ^^o, s^^iol^ ^J[j . ]-fSi L,f^^o ^J-^LCo . aiZL2] ]Q.^t^ v-r:oZ >c?| >q^u*o '* . jLl^^ii^o c "^^(71 v.'^S** Pr**] t>^rl ]<^^i-^ ''*-^ v.^ai^9 ^^^^^4^ ^^'--i^ 01 Sn^ Zj^o 10 CHRESTOMATHY. PSALM II. V7 7 P P 7 P V V 7 P .. 7 oOBLsJ) ^ > 01 ii iiSn VLo X^fliO "^..^ : ]|.^4s| nnNSn^jo : |l ^ dS io PP V P 7 7 P ^7 *. yP 7 7 7 b. i^ 7 7 P K 7 y p ?pyp V ypp p )^9Z < )^9|9 OL^'^^:^ >^f^o]o : ^loZfl^ ]SnSnS : v^ "^^o sUlo lO 7PP >. 7 P P 7 ^^7 P 7 P 7 P 7 jk |n\\^ )^oi **' <> ^1 ^ 1Z ]f.Md CJjJSao <^]o : l^lr-s? j^^i^rs ^aJ) P PP > P 7 p7 7 7 ]h \ ttg '^ ]^l Vi\ n*nN'=^ " >> ^9)9 01 i 1 i? 099^|o : a2;;ihSAja| k- >. 7 P P 7 P 7 Pfc.*. 7 7 t^ i^ y u UP 7 7 b. moJii^i^ >Sin^9 \.a!l^ ^oLiA^a^ : oil y.09 |JQ-t "^ ^Sn ^9 ^^M^^ < >^01 THE PROPHECY OF JONAH. Cliapter I. 7 7 !> P I \>1 >caj ' . ^v|Sn\ ^Zi^ j-o ^Q-^ '^'^^^ V-r^? oiJiQ^^wS ]coio * ^, X ^ 7P*>*>7 i 707P ..6. 7 p y 7 c 7 7 P 7 7 P 7 "^ '^^'^ Oil*. "LmIo li J s^(n-.o . > A t 4 9^2^ |3|^? l-aX v >n4|o 7 P P cr )^oi ^aLs^I V^t^o * . I^i^ >c,^ ,-^ v-ciSVi\ > a h ^'tli^ ^sila^ P7 P7Pi.7 P 7 P 7 P 7 Aoc\ \si;&c\h:iC I '=\ Vo . jSn*^ j^? Pa^ iiSr jcoio )ViiO \Lih .. p y y P 7 P P 7 7 " P 7 7 UP p).Lo Of^o . (Tioi^ Zcl^ Vi.^j| olw^ ]i\Sn a'^^90 ^ : Oy^Z^Snl^ PP P7J>. h^ 7 P 7 P iaX) (nlu4.|3 01^ lu^ ^9 ^Q-i . ^coiJio ^b^aJj |Vi>^ VsX ^ i7 7PP 7 P77P 7 7 >CQ^ ^1 ^^i'k^? |J^ . (71^ r^]<=> ).**\S? u9 OlZsJ!^ vjSj^C ^ > >^90 7 7 7* 7 PPP5, 7 7 ^P^ W * I w ^ 7 7P7i>. P P 7 "1-77 "^wit w WW ac'w^w P P P b~ P P P 7 7 P7 7 ZZ] p^^^^ |?0i ]^ h *^ ^Q-M . av2^ Cflcjo ^ > r^s^? ^^^^ 2^n\rro 7P^ p;^ P7 7P7 PP7P 7 p PP77PP7PP7 P P P P 7 h. 7 P 7 7 P7P i^P 7 ^7 P7 P 7 7 7 12 CHRESTOMATHY. y V P P h. P " P 7 h, ^ 7 P P fo " ^jii. |-*ii^ >cy-o ^9 ^01 l-^j] ai^j-.? ''^^ ju.:^ Zf^i^ U:^ P P 7 h. ^ 7 m P 7 P P Ph. / >V7 .. P7>- 7 P 7 7 7 >r, P \= P 7 . /K 'oci ccn ^ P P P P 7 7 7 P P P i./ 7 P 7 P 7 P P b. 7 i>. PP7 ^{jiolxaAO ** Li\ fCi^ L2] |^r? ^I Wr^ <^ ^]? V^Cso ^-^1 7 S- 7 P 7 P 7 U7 7 P 7 > sa91 oVo ^ ^v/^ ^/^ |.La^ v.i* Q 77 P P P P 7 P ^P "PP 7 10 I 'i"^^ )>**^? CLt4r;90 )^i^ >c,^ ^-Lo JAr;? I^J^^i^? ^n |.aJ) o\>>;o '^ Oliapter H. r.. r prpr pr <>7 p 7 p t>. p p r pp p p?' ^7 prs'pov p ?p pjk t-r^ >c^ ^o- ^kl^^o ^n\--\ \l^Zo ^VSn^^ .) JZ^J^Z paJ? fe 7PPP V/kPJ^ "7 P7 p*. p r p 77^ h. 7 P 7 7 //' 7 i-. .. Y i^ t>, 7 7 P 7 P 7 / 7 7 P 7 P ^ PROPHECY OF JONAH CHAPTER III. 13 P i>^ 7 O V 9 "O V U 7 t> 7 O V t> PPPO 77 7 7 P 7 7 b. 7 7 1^^ II^Lm ,-^ > Y > it ^^ODSJo . >n\s\ v-Xsj^ oi^-^or Z^^] I^I^^^jo . 7(? 7 7 7 7 7 7 i>. t> 7 i- 7 7 7 7 7 7 P P7 P7 7^6. 7 7 9 i. > 1 4n>\ t^ln i\ oljlI^^^o pallik \^'^ ^js^o ^^ > j^iSnS |X^9Q^ Oliapter III. 7 7 7 z z w *< ^ ^ >>7PPifc.C 7 7 6. s^ PI i^l? |Zo]Oj-3 OV-L^i^ lJj|o |u09 |AJ--,^D |nl4l\ "^1 >caJ3 7 7 7 Zooi I^O-fiso |al-iJo pjic? oiA2i.i^ v^l l^ltlS "^-jlo ^a-i >aro " lo 7 7 7 7 7 O O 7 P 7 |n1il\ '^N^nN ^Q-. ^i-*,o * ^aVq^ liJi^Z |?j:a3 |cu^|3 |^-9 P7 ..7 7P 7 7 7 7 7 ^ l^osoi^wbo |q,1 aI . *Spq^ . aN'^VJJ I.2I0 . i^|o 1t^|o |^ pooa |9i.^ "7 7 O y 7 7 7 /> 7 Vi XsiSSi onNo 1^0, amoso l^nA^o |cl1^9 oij 4 1| nlVitoio ^ P P7 7 h. 7 h. y 7 7 b. 7 ^ 7 7 7 p 7 7 007 79^7707 00^ 7 7 I A T* 1 *^ ^0101290990 |.:rt\Vo9 p,.xa _^ . |aTAln oj^lo o]i.|o ^ 14 CHRESTOMATHY. 7 7 7 Ob. jK 7P ShC 7 V 7 7 7 r ^(mJLlo <^(n|o (ZLaJlT) .0(n2uM9c| Lo otjZ? ^oi^i-rlL fsi.^ t'H'O ^"^ > ? p b- /> Cliai>ter IV. i^ 7 P 7 b. 7 7 7 h. 7 PP77P 7P(, 7 |lVlA>^,Vt hS\ ]3l^9 i>div. ^OOI "^i^ V A t A-9^Jl::a> 'saI:;^ ZuC^ ^091 2J;>0|^ p 7 7 r, b. 7 7 b. 7 7 7 O > ]L A >*~) Iu-3| ^aLiCO ^Z'jIaI jjuL^o >^ 4*09 Jj-a^^o jlnttyLoo 7 7 b. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 n. 7 7 P^.P.'' *.^'',P 7PP7 p 77 p 7 b. PPP7 P7 7P P7PJ>.7 P7P6.7 P77 77 7 W'f^ ]9Ci.A2 (TIJS rr^^- ^i^O . OlA A,4 ^-^ Ol^ Vi^O?] . 01.JU49 ^VL PROPHECY OF JONAH CHAPTEK lY. 15 ,,7P7 p ^ p P 7 P 7 7 p 7 [, t>.7 7 7 7 7 7 t> 7 P h. y P 7 (- 7 P 7 P 7 7 l> V p h. P OP 7 m P 7 ^ *7 P ^ *'' ^'' P7 1^^ ^^^1^ |.^Ci>o . i^]o 01 4l\ l^o:^ ^j.^0 ^^i^ZJo . ^a^9 7 ., ^ ^ ^ P P Pi. 7 7 P77 P7PJ,. 7P7 P P7 P PP gi W i^o 1^ 1 . > W ^9 ^!j\^L.tJiih |]o (%^ u^|J P? ]lir09 j'Cji.^/ x iw:^ -x\B . p ,''. ^^ 7 P ^^ ^ " 0.77 w I wi*ftft W 7 P 7 .. ^ ^ M ^7 i. P 7 p tk P P 7 ^oio^l ]coi )] oKila. |Sn\9 . ^hL&^h jlSnn ^^] ^i^]o j^i^^ i^] Z|.iL ' : ^.^J^ nmS\o wSt^S>\ ^J^om?? . )^^ j^] ^jsclq:^? Pj^S'^ 07 7 h. P P y ..^^ - 6. ,.s b. 70 07 p O 7 IT. h. ^ 7 7 P O 7 7 7 p 7 P t>. b. b. > p 7 Jk ^ b. 7 O b. 7 7 7 '^J^ |-*jio ^5p . ^cjJiclZ ^? ^c^l . ^>^ ^n;-l4\o 6 >n\s\ 07 >^ 7 b^ 7 7 O Oh. \^\ ^ . oiiViS IfiiiiO ^013^13 in>\^ li-c * "^--Ij-fi!-.]? |^a-iZ ^ *k P ft. p.. PiK pTPP^P lO .^2^1 ,^i|V] Jo . >>Sn,4> rOhS\ T-'l-S? p(n^ ^oii^ pZ^N* u ]^f^ floj P 7 P 7 7 7 7b. 777 7 P VP K J.. p PT'PP b. P ^ ai9oZLs 091 v.4^.iiNA.9 %o'LS\ ^.jV|,jp . -fl^l^ |lVi^ \f^l r^^r^l r] PPVPS'P Jk 7 7 . y 4>n |] I Vi \? I jjn^SnN li-io:;^ ^c^j ^t^jnSr?o ^ > Pi^9 P;' PPVP7P J>. 7 7 " ^ ^ " P 70 7 7 7 7 7 PROPHECY OF MALACHI. CHAPTER II. 17 o h. y V y 7 p y y |] Ipcn Zcoi ^an^fJi^'}jS9 *\S >aiA*fJo . ]^'x^ >OfX) qI^, ^ ^""^ 7 i>~ >^. ik j7 7 0Pyoh.yy y p VPP7C>&. p pp pv y y y >>. y p yy i- y .. 5' *>^ y p 7 , ]snn?d AViArr? 9^] ^V=lco . JNiViSn -^Vi a^ 001 v.9 v^oio'^gSViN c y ^ ., y J..7N y o h. y y y p.. /isP i^r^pp *>p y y y ^ p> pp ?>. ^^.^^9 . p^\* Pt"^ t^l (71-^ ^ii>q3o . C01 ^oc9 ^-^ pen . ^AJ| N P rP/is7 p>.Pj.. >. ^ .OOllik PX.CLQI0 P . ]f71^-^0 |y>^it \1Sj'^ClC> J-a^O^Um bo *o^] 10 p p 7 y yppyo^y^^ . 1^9 <^^Wp 'Ti^ ^1? <~>c w^.^o ^* > p^\* Pr^ r^l r-=^r'? ppyooyooy r>. 00 y y y y o Pi^ 1^1 p:;9 PI I n\V9 ^.^ . P,Sn\ (Ti^r^? v ^jVo 9|Jo - ' * X 4* ' "> ., V ^ P ^ Oliapter II. p^ < p ^>^^''^*-t. P ^o ^^^^ >> |3 J pj^ls coi ^n>\S poi ppoos Vi^n:^ vr p j'PPJ'P pp 7 ? 9,-*.] . p^\ii. Pi^ i^l . iV4\ Ij-o-] "^iiJia-i*. ^nn\o ^Vi * ff? Z I^ V t> 7 r> 7 18 CHRESTOMATHY. \i jZ^o . ^cilif ^1 ]Zi^ ]-,>]o . I^H, |^^>rD M[ r^ ]oi " . jjoi pi^o^ ^Qjalu -^'r^? A^?Zo * > oiJD ^n\n n 4-|o . ^clu>9|.^|.L ^ P 7 7 OS 7 7 I'O P p I.. 7 7 ^ll vA!SnA> >C|J3 ^Jboo vijJI^ ^^%>^9 l^^^k^r 0U^ ^| h^si^ |Sn^i>A.o |.X^ P^^ 7 7 ^ P p ^ h. O c . qi/.n^MO w^iA^u^l P yoLo . qiSpnq*D ]coi ]i^A.a x ? |ica::n:i < ]o(7i \,^u^ qi Vnq ^-^ >N| h' l^a^^oJo . |Z^|.^ r-^<^ M^='f-=>? mZ:^^') P bs m i^ 7 b. 7 7 b. 77 7 PO !k7 C>j,.P 7 N 7 P7* 7 *.7PP 07 ^ * P77P PP7 h. _^7 Jk77 P*. N7 V^l 1^ ]ccn y ]v\9 '* > l^onViln )^|^ .c^'^mTo . ^umVc) .oZ^^ 6k77 7 7 P^J y 7 7 7 !>. s(na^|^ H^ 's!^'*'^^'^ i^^"^ \r^ l^i-^ r^ jcen P c) . SnS 7 7 I, b. 7 b. 7 7 7 7 7 7 Z^c;^J^ jZoal^o ]9C3i^ V^9 " ^sus]? |Vi* n ,-1^ ^^ti1 ^o P7PP ^ b. 7 b. b. O . pI^Ni it V-r^? (n-A,9a-o |9C(ji-i wal^j V^ilo . ^-iN a.9c|^o "^-.l^m-ijjD P7 >C> 7 ..^ ^ .. ^ " 7 7 7 ir . I^oi j.^^? Ijn^N l-ij^ j^aJ " Pi^oJ jai^P v JiN^o >cu.90 77 C> Jk7 7 7 7 7 7 o p 7 7 b- 7 7 D p 7 b. jiLLi^? h,Msi^ . .cz,..2:^9 |zh*1 1?^ ^" '^ p:^S*t U|Vi\ jjls^q^ 7 1,. ^ 7 b. -p.. * 7 P ^ n > 1 n'ja-o V^ jJLsi^:^ P9 ''^^^lo . jLi^JZo ]La:so . |-ii09 qi^>n\ PP7. P >.7 7 PROPHECY OF MALACHI. CHAPTER III. 19 P V V o >^ T' 7 V V V O 7 V ,.h^ t) V V V p o y v ^ o o ^ |iwi*99 \A't^o t^^ r^ JcfJi M l^i^a^? '^ > jV^n Z^jo v^iwsZs-4. ZUV^ s^^jjo ^ao^oj^ o^oi?]] . joiX ^ j.:u9l |.i^ j^ . 31 ^"^ o V y o V > (7 3>. V w I ra 4 li >., J^' ^7P ji.i> y 7 o o y o y o i^ y Cr^" ^ h. y b. y . ^<3UiJ-.y) jJ^^iD ^o^l r^i^l ^o . ^nn';\i^^uas ^V\ ^ow*P] " h^ i>. y y y y h. h. 001 ^coiJSo . l-j.^ 't T t 'N^ j-i-ajk. s . 4 i "^ 9 y^a^? 'Vsj ^J| ^i^^rjy^ tL? J?? 1^ oLf 13 ^1o 1^^ Chapter III. 7 o f. y y y 7 o 7 00 Up (N4^ ^O . sA^^f^ |^9C| \su^O . ^i^tbfi p] 9, aV pi JOI p ^^7^77 , y y c2^| <-^-St? |V^ 1^? pijlloo . 0il^ ^5^1 L >''fnV? )-*r^? giNi^oi^ 10 7/* PP777 .7 > 7'P7PP> c] 01-0 ]Z]9 pea- jntirrV olio ' p^^^i^uu Pjio jicj ]Z] joi . ous 7PP 7*. ''*'*H ^ "7 '^ *-^ 77 P 7fc>77 7 !k P77P p,Jo . pc)j;& >^] n t-^jl^No ^s^wlol:;^ v^a(3iJ9 ^ >> |9n >iSn9 j^i-^^ * I ^a' * ** * * X 7J>. P 7P77K ..''7 ac < a: w ^.^ ^ , 0*. PP>PP 7 p!k7 f>P ?Pj). ]9cau^9 I 1 ^9Q Pi'v^S >nmn1o ^ >> |Zs.au9l^ PiViN pc^ojo jr 7 >* 7 y ""..^ ^ , *> > >0^|i^ V9 I > 1 4^ >^|o . >?\\ ^^9 ]^1>0C- <^| >o\4.9o|?0. 20 CHRESTOMATHY. p p P7 7 P p y y p y y ^ p V ppppp ^ p vppyp po V-r^ |J] PI? ^^^4^-^ " > pi^li^-^ l-i^ i^l . ^O^ n\iO i^ y b. ^ '^ > ^ ..^ i>- y y ftK P P7PPVP^7 P ^L2] .-^r^] ^o piJ^^-ui. V-r^ r-^l rQ^^^^ jJLsZJo ^Zali. )K Pi,.yyPpyppy p p y p .oiJ] *Vi\^ .o^l? s^l . ]^\]i U^r^ >al^ jJi^al^? . j-LsiJ jJLlcs p p y p y p y p >. p,is * ]2U-^-fCo lynrsyn . v^^^alii^ JJLin^ ^1^-2] r^t^] ^o . ^4li^ y p p t>^y y y p. >. ^^7P777- i^^l ]^ai^ ^c|.iJo . s^L^nr) ]^\n^| V .cctTiJo . >l9,cP j-^L:^ o^j .. N S' 7 p ^ y p p y p p p y t>- V y &> ^ y p p b. p ppyPb-yi^y p b. y y y y p p p p p y y y i>- y . oiZo9a4J ^j-JJ? ^^c| jJL^o . Pfi^ia. v^gi^ 1 * \q ^l-o-fic? roZj^^c] '* pp^pp p y p p o p y y y ii^ou- |^a4 1-A,CT ^o '* p2^N*M P^ >aj^ ^ I^ A nV^ ,-l:^5190 r P 9 ^ y y p y " p \\ ^k ^ P7 ppi^ *. p y y y h. y y p y p p *. P ik77 P 7PP VPPTP P PP p ,t>7PP y p p p y t>- y p p b. P PP^PikS'* y PROPHECY OF MALACHI. CHAPTER IV. 21 7 7 7 7 .. 7 P P b. P 7 7 or PC 7C0 7 P ro 7Pr p 7 h^ 7 K p. * * ^ * / 7 P P 7 7 7 '^0 7 , 7 h. K 7 < 'agio ^^ '=^ P? Ohapter IV, P(> 70 P P 7 h. 7 P 7 P 7 " P i-. h. "P7 Pjlao ^] ]Z]9 l^^o^ ^Qj] i^qJo . \hjZUt> ]2L*.^ >.*,..CiI;;k .ooiXso "^Zl^ 7 " P . 7 P 7 P P *. ^ 007 7j^77j>. 7 p -i.^ P r> t^ 7 P ^1 ^w^9Zo ^a.asZo . enl a\ ^^^;>^ ]ZcUbic|o . IZaja^?]? | ''''~-^^' ^aIo^ IO 7 7 P 6. >. "07 ^77 P" 7 m ZUxis iwiui^Z l^io^us .cc3iJ? V^ . 13i:il. ^a-k-5Zo ^ jj-a^? jL^ NO 7 00 700 700 P 7 b.7 ' P >>. P b. 7 h. 77 y . > llSii^o pi-ca.3 "^^li^xs^l tnl^js ^\^ . u^L9Q.A42 aiZ|.as9 ^^^^ | iA.n.%n9 0700 7 00 -077 1^9 V-r^? Ol^a- ]Z)J? >CyJ5 ]-.-=J l-J:^)] ^Q-ali. jj] 9, *-lo joi * i.707 7 "0770 07" 7 "070 7 7 p 7 p 7 7 p 7 FROM THE GOSPEL OF ST. MATTHEW. Cliapter XXVI. ..7 7 V "" *' *' 7 7 7 PP 7 O "7 7Pfc.7 f> >cu:>.w^l>o {.Jj? oifo )^^ jwoi ,^*Vcu. ^9^ hh^^^ ^p^l T^r" ^ PP7 7 ' 77 7 01.^9^^ UoL? I 4 * ^ no ]-^a0o p0U wl9 o^lsZ] ^|^(n ^ > '-^^''p? P. P7. y.77 .0^7 ..0 7 J>7P" PPy,P7 P Oh. r .> |V>^V^ ).^.4>Q^-j^ ]C01J IJ9 ]9)J^|.^ {] CC01 iiScjo ^ > v^JI *1o\^ Olo .|o )uL^9 ^A^ |^>aiii:S9 I ii^V9 ]^a^4u4/ 01 iSs h^'i \Z'L1\ x^ w w X w 3: K ..777 7^m 7 P77 P 7 r>C>P7PP 7 v*_&l:: P?i ^?}J? r^ i^<" ^ JiiASr " : pn pg^j )lVi\ c^|o x\5*x^-* V>* w *.77PK77 .. ^^ <1^ 10 rcAJ] ijiVi \Xi> .coi^ r^lo "^^^ ^9 ^a.*^ ' > |lnraSn\ ^ji^fsx^'Llo * 7>. P7 P7C>p7P h^ jinrrv j-i^ ^]\-o " ^iwol*. Z,^a:^ JH-^-^ lr==^ U^B "^ 77 P ^ V t- ^ 7 h. 7 7 7 7 7 7 h. y O P77 h. O 7 7 h. PS>. 7 7 7 t^ 7 7 07K ^pp, jkP7 7 7 7 "0 7 7 "^^ Oli S. MATTHEW. CHAPTER XXVI. 23 y ^ V P t. V "0970 h. V ^L%n\ .ciJ] ^^^^^ jJLio ^c^n^ j^jo ' jj^u wlr;? Zali. ^i-j-oio 9 ? Jk !_ P 7 P > xaCTOiA.SnNAl? I \ \ 3 (Ti-J::;^ ]c(7i ]^a.r:> <^r~"^ ^-.-Sco ^^ % |,f^-? V b-f .. T' V P !> 7 7 CTU^ CJ^JO '^0.4^ Zc_^ ]|aV!^Z CLCjJS ]-^^9 |.^^yJ ^9 | ^^ ^ ^ ^^ *-7'>- ? 7 I, 7 7 7 P 7 7 7 77 7 OOP 7 7 7 "7 7 7 7 7 7!> 7 7 7 i:. h. 7 yc:^ ]oax .^^Vn |-*^9 jcci j^o ' l-*,5--s c-^^.0 "^s-k-. .c^il:^ ,,as> ,-. ouli. i^|. v \ a-i-4,o > n I .coiJ^ ^j^o '* ^^liu, >*\ A\n 7 7 7 *. PPP t>- 7 7 7 7 7 7 i>. O 7 7 Pr* p." 7 7 O y 7 7 1-0 i- 7 o 7 O V 7V!.. 7P 7 7 7 7>>.P7P 77 P7 "7 77 7 Jv .CC71_^ i.U|^0 " > v^_^ >-% A^? . r. - .1 '-O JO 7 7 "7 y 7 7 7 y h. 7 7 !>. 7 7PP7 77P iK7 . 1^1 .c;ti^ wi(3i-* ^9c]o I i_s 'Va^ '^ ^i-^ c loi . cl^CL^I w - ^ ..7 p 7 p 7 7 ',.7 i>- t- 7 7 ])-*.s-^ u^1;Lm9 l^i-M ]-=^~>99 ^^9 CJOI ^^ > ^On!:;;)^ 01 l^^A oLm] ClJZXS 24 CHRESTOMATHY 7 PC ]-^r^ ^ n V S ^CTS-iL^I 01^1 l^a-kli. jJi^y^ ^"^^^^ ^r^ ]~-iai ^:^ 7 i. 7 7 7 7 ^--^ w^i-^j . I iW |j3i-c ^r; ^\ A^ZZ ^-S'l .cZ^J] '^a-iL-i ^ailifc >^ U] r^i r^-^1 '^a-^ -^ \^^Z] P >co.SnV p| 7 >^ 7,''>7 >/> PP7 "jk .>.73 ? 7 7*.j>. y^T'n? 77 7 P 57 lO p.] ''^ll r^ 1^'CT c-^^ >^gic, >\i\^^ t ^]o .^ Sn Tff, ^ V-.i-o^*5sC9 ., . P 7 t. 7 7 P J> 7 7 77 ^77 777 y 7 7 .jicjo ]c(?i |3:;fio erne's) Vl. VsJo "^ i\"> ^i^c 38 ^^l^aib. O90VJk,o - ^ - I 7 P P P P 7 P 7 P P P P 7 P P s^l p] p] Vs^ Uh sf-l P >cH^ . poi i_Ja-:= ^r^iVJ U^u^ ^ ^1 7 7 7 3 ^1o ,^^-^, j^ ^s >.P 7Ni> 7 ^''5'.. "'..^7 " 7 7. 7 ."7 S^jr 7*. P>!> 4I.7PC7PP 7 b. P 7 7 p t,. p u ^ P ?7 P(7P/'7 1? P 7 7 ..y " 7 7^7 >- P "" S. MATTHEW. CHAPTER XXA^I. 5 p y y i>. y b. v y .."^ !> 7 ^ i- ^ 7 7 y y 9 ^ p y p p y p p y t> p p p y u y y p p y n P5'j>-7 ]Z] IZjJO^^Z ^ ,_- |l\n\4S-^ |?C(TL-. ]01 "WVV^ CO! ,^0 *'' > J^ ^ y ,. f ..y^ ^ ^ y y p y y p p y y p p y p i- r, P > P y p y wAaJ? Cfflli, . i^jo |.1Vl\ AV ]9C. S" P ^4^> >^'^ ^- . fti]o "^a-A-i Za-bi. w^i-0 ]|-*^o ** o5a-*] ci^ a-icci |j| p vv^PF 7>. i>- y _u,-01 . sAJ-Si^ ^^1? '^(?I '^^i^^ 01^ i iso] ^3-A-i _-9 CO! ^^ (TUOAJo jkp y p b. y b. y b. y y y y ^01 _:iO j-. ]oio ^^ ^CTic,-*lo "^a-A-. '^^ ^31-*,--] a-Ji9]o a::;j-cZ] 10 __py 7 P7P777 7j>.7 pjxpy y ^>. y P y k ^ . oiioc,^ Ijjasjfl -^soi) "'^a-A-i 01 bu r~^] v^r^^y^ " > oiJ?) a i\r ^>o p y y p y !>.s.. 7 7 77i>.p ^j^ P P P P i^7 PP77 .,'''' .. > . . * . . \ - - 7 Jv7 PP7 7 7 .. J' ^ . .^ ^ " 7 PP7 >-? J>-!>- Pi. >>'' p .. y p b. y p y p p t>. y j> _-^m " I - ^ 1* |i=ija ^'.^i^^J? ^COT? ^? ]97i . ^aJoZ,-*.] |Jo > a.7>o 77 s. ''^V^l-V^ 26 CHRESTOMATHY. ' <. CC01 ^* 4 >1n I 4 > 4 no |y^IC9 ^.O^l |J?1--S V.29 \'=^*.o Zc^ v3inV.no| . 7 PP7Pi. CO CO K w99 01^9^ l^pS' l-2C^ ,--isO 0192.^ ]=:C1 "^'ij j-SJj ^7 .n S V 4> * ^5^7 P7 777 ^5 pJLs ul^7 " \Z-^ \\ M 1? ^4J1? >ai^ a^ ui:^ V;. pcis P. 77 ^^P K 77 O O i^ P i>. 7 V >^gi.jJc^ ^Snl? s^l ]93i_ffl '^a^-. Vl ccei ^^iS^ oili^s ]i*jk.sJj=o {.4 V 4 ro 7/> p>.^^i7 .. ^^ y> ^^Z oTii^ ^9 ^w-^iMJ |i^a^9 I'Tisa ^^"^^ "^^^"^ ' "^^ ni>n4'| Pc P P P P 7 '^ 7 7 7 P P P 7 7 P 7 P 7 P 7 J| jJ-aio >cj^ y . oili. i^jo psLs S-C9 >axo " ^CTiajLlc| ^^vL^ P 7 4. >7 7 P P P P 77 p 7 p 7 p p 7 7 p 7 p 7 Pf^ 7 p 7 p 7 p p 7 7 p 7 7 p p p p 7 p 7 7 *^ 7 p p 7 . p *. 7 10 P] r^l . ^r^l i-2] .'^a.^ oi^ r^l " jaiX? oij^ |n4\n cci ^] P 7 P 7 P P P y P }>. P >. 7 p 7 I . p p f,^^ p y p p 7 7 P p '^ ^ P 7 P T *- 7 P P P CX9 r:^r-^ " -> 1^2^ en ^-^^^^ ^r^l ^^^^ ^c^ ^1 r:-^^ P^ ^"^ 7 P ' P 7 7 7 ^^ 7 Y :r < cx^'ccoi * i* S'' _^9 )_3i ^1 . OL^ ccci . ArVo ^712 s}_^ P P P 7 7 3>. 7 P 7 "^ t ^ \^h^ ^9 ]^l=> ^ <' f u V9 OOI Olio I i*> 4V^ ,JS. \:=^A 1^*1 V|o ^^ 77P PPPP7P 7 pC7P >:;_:;. IJ] ^1 . oii^ Ir^jo ]r^ l^^-^l oiZ=l^ i^-Cj^o j^',^ ^-a^ joci P7PP7 j,.j,.P7 s>. pP P 7 *. PI '\,-i |J . 'fLc\o ^01.1:;.-=; >c^ j-ai _-9 cci ^^ P9* J Zl-cci "^g-a-- j-ppp p p 77 7 p p p p . .cjiJ:^ Ij^lc |Zj-..| ciZ]^ I '^ ^ "^ N-iaJ ,^0 " ^^1 Ijlcl pio S. MATTHEW CHAPTER XXVII. 27 ,^ V 7 *. 00 P h. - 7 7 , ^^SfnSnn ^.^ uSoZo ^' > )-a9vJ ^a>A^ >o^ psi ws] ]ooi . ^ -^ PfcsO 7 7 7 7 CVO? P 7 h^ 7 7 7 7 b^aJo . ViA^ 9a.asZ .^tl^l h^Z U^?^ Ir^? ^r^? * ^^^ 1*=<^ r^h. 7 7 Oliapter XXVII. 77 I V 4 no ]jau \Jk29 "^a-A^ ^^^^ ^'^^^ j.n^V) ]i^. |o0i 9 |^ ^ >^ginVi\ 4.]o ^gin \ *"o|o <^cio^. ic]o ' > '^3i->JOi^ 4Vi1? <^| ]L_La_L9 VV 7 P 9 7 0^ Pn 07 P77P P PrV jfc 7 jvPyP y 7 7 7 7 voT-p pv v^p^ypy "^jjo >i 1 40 |isu*3i-o I'^mn ^3i-i^o ' : AJ] "^j-* ^| . .,-li* ]^ ,_lsk 7 7 j>.Z .. ^.. ^^ 77 ^ a\,A' }] . Ojl^lo I afyl'^V v.mr^Xn a. .9 p(7L2 vls9 < 01 4^1 ViPlI f P 77 ,^^ V.*^^'"''" '' h, ^^ 7 tK 7 b.7 7 7 poi "Viidifi 8 I >1m^]9 l^oiixi 2^ *n\ li i ^9 0LiD9a-^1 <3i-c a_l_clo 7 7 7 7 7PJ..7 ^^ NSn Zl ^,^01 ^. JTVOiN |V| S 1^99 ]^r-0 001 1^93^1 ^i oz| 28 CHRESTOMATHY. P V ,,V P V 7 7 ]^..Q^, ^010^9 jqm^? ^^J^Z ucmJ9 . i^l? ).^.^i3 i-A^ r^l^l? "^Of^ p*. rp*- p p b. b. p 7 7 *> V P P ^^-^ P 7 t^ 7 7 P \^ P P 7 .. ''.. ^^ S'VS' P 7 r P coi |^;>a^.^ >Cfli>o . | 4 V 4 ro poi^ vls9 ^^oio,*^ oooi ^\^] |^o '^ 7P77tC P 7 7 P 7 O 7 7 P 7 P ^ P P P h. >, |SnS\ r^ |j-ijc| It 4 19 poia^oi jcoi jJ;^ .9 ]?j^ Vi^ '* >.^ X w ^x - * w X P P 7 h. P 7 7 P ^ P 7 )t^^9 )i^|-^ Ih-^I ^? rf<7i-^ ]c<^ H^l ^^ '*' <^^ 1 *'"r ^019 )J~*) >. p 7 p 7 J..V 7 777 P7 P Jfc7777s.. j-i^ ]coi '^j-* " I i>> 4V> ]i-c^^? '^n 4\ c| l-c] j.iil, .o^ li-^l? ^-^ Xw * ^>^W 7 P h. 7 ^ 7 P P P y 'S..-^ palatal ^9 ^^h^ | s '^ > >^ginVi\4.| jSnn?** :^9 uss^JiLt^ 777 X w w */*xx .. P77 pJkPC7 7 ^9 p3U5 ^.1^9 " Cl^^S^L^aO pioO-i >iV\ti^ ^ 4 it j * ^ ^^^^-'^ .7 J>. 777j>. .. 7 7 c . 7P 77 7 7 h~ ^ .7 i.7 PP Pj, *> 7 P S. MATTHEW CHAPTER XXVII. 29 P P 7 Q 7 7 7 P 7 P 7^^ 7 P 7 7 P P 7 P 7 P 7 7 i>^ 7 7 i^ b. 7 P 7 P P P 7 7 7 Ol!^A Q-1Xq 3B .;. ^0^?^ ^5>^l * l-^^-'?! P(^? 0Vl09 ,Jb) |j] ^^tv)^^^ . ^]o f b. P P 7 7 7 7 P 7 I '^^ 0(nl;u It^ ^r^^ ^' '** v^> *> ^ ^^^^o *\S 01^9 . cj^lo )^^S ^ 7 " P 7>."P7777 J>. 7 7 P y 1^ ^ 7 P ^ P 7 7 P p. 7 7 1,. 7 Jk7 PtS'i Q ^t A ^^ '-' ]^9Q-**"|? ' rfftViN^ ^gin A nVo u^gin ii\ 4 |o =8 Jk7fcN 7 7 7 7 P 7 P P 7 .csiiAiS90JS "^Ik o^i^o gi,1 ASn^n l-iJxo ^ ^ -^ "^ cl_1>cl.ico i " ^1" '^T w X W X p.. >. P 7P P 5^ 7 7 7 P < |-^9oav-^9 I n \ So >?^,^ ^^|o ai. ocor * *1 "^iVo '^oiaSpj.in 7 V PPS'V7 !k7 V < aL.*^9 ^^^>^ 01^ cc(7i > tiSoo I A 1 n c\njt o >^ -ao ^ *-> 0x90 ^^ jO ^^77 J>> 7 7 >>. y 7 7 7 ^ ^ . PP >. 7PP*>.P77 P7 |jgi^ ^SVl4/ 01 Vl4>9 |uiJU9CL0 If-^^^ 0.**^ 4>] *n'=l1 ^20 ^^ > x.aX9'|J9 P P . p P 7 P i^ y J,. 77 aOi l^^c,-^ ]-ij-DALo9 ]Ajo^ oZJo S3 01 ?i r] "^a n 4 19 oj-My4/ PP7 7 P 7 7 P 7 7 P 7 . ]Z9|.Snn y^^ >\*t9 IL* \h 4 19 Ovl^ 0X201^0 ^^ < ]A.axi-D ) n 4 '=^ZJae9 P .. ^^^ ^ ^77 P P P 7 I ^ '= *^ >^oic^.^ ^"^^^^^ ^^oiaa^l I so ^^ > ]i^ 4Sn\ \^\ Po >a2Ui^o jr N 7 !>.P77,, 7 7P 7 7 7 ^w X * M/ ^w W P P7 P 7 P P 7 w X X w X P^^Jk P 7 b. 7 P P P 7 7 P aX9l]o ^^ : 1^9001^9 l-ali^So "^cla^ cJoi . |^A.=ir^ 01^3^9 |^J^ ou4^9 ^-^ 7 p 7 7 7 p 7 ^9 tN .] 3^ : oi\Vm ^ ^o 01 ) aVi _!: 1^ |.'* ^rf?\ ^9Z oilo^ W X 30 CHRESTOMATHY. o t>- 7 7 y r 7 7 P77 P7P7 y p P 7 ^ %? 7 7 P P 7 7 7 . P ^^77 P P P C> b. . ^ ^ ^vr.V ' ""^ ^^^ P qi 4^1 \,AAt\ pfiit*|3 ^^ <* . i| V]o |i A.|:'=^o ^jL^ju^o 7 7 P P P ^ P >. 7 r ; 01^ . Sn qiJo ]y-tt^^ ^'=^> n] ^^ {.oi Zo^ ^\^]^iia^9 oci < ^Vv^ J 7 5'> P P P i^ P ? w' *^ w*^^ -a:w^4 I r r 7 i-P^^PVPPP P P 7 P OOOI ,^ ., m tiSn oiJ^icI^k oax?]]? ^a^oi I^^'^o-m ^-^1 ^o-^oi ^* : |oi^9 )j| P P 7 P 7 P ^ 7 P ^ P P 7 P P P P ^ P P 7 m.7 7 7 lO i-s 1 V^ OC01 Vii n9 ^0 ]oi :^ ^9 . 4 1| *'' < -^L n n 4' j'*'^^ 7 P P P P P P P 7 P 7 f..^ w4r\'~\^k< oooi ,^.,V| ^9 \^'t^ i. 7 7 p p p p p > *. ,,y7 P ^ 7 7 P P P P P > Clsj |fji4^0 ^^ < 0LmO9 ' ^'^^'-' )la09 )Ia |.Li w^oZ "^O^^ _^9 O01 ^ V P77P7 7 7 O 7 P 7 15 i^ZZ] |^9|o A^^ l^sOy:^ V^ ,-itf ^9iwli. vllf^J |l n iOI? i^9Z .. ^ 7 7 7 7 *. ^ .. |^|X9 ll-i^ ^^ Q-M^uSZ] jVoiiJ lu-i CO " ^i ^J |__s|_SO W^Wj^W WW w iwwi P77 P 7 P 7 7 P 7 7 1^1 j^fl\ n\S oii^^^ao.!^ 9A-C0 Q_^_a-Jo ^^ > nViJ) ocoi - ^-'^ *^* - , w - := a: 7 7 7 P ^ 7 P 7 OOOI ^^^1^9 0110^90 ^9 poj-JO^ ^^ > II V ^mS n .] itZ|o |Aji^|^ P P P 7 7 P 7:7 7 P 7 7 7 4. poi Iwi|i^^ . Of^|o v.^ Q^^)^9 ^0019 ^^t\|o puo] o]^ ^ "^n 4 i\ P 7 S. MATTHEW CHAPTER XXVII. 81 7 " P 7 ^^7 P 7 7 7 7 *. ".. ^.. ^ PCj>. v.^nnSo oiic] >ojSpo ]L-kii^,^ >a-r^ ^- oi 1-^ Ir **? ^* "^^ '* ^ 7 7 9 7 7 7 7 7 ^^7 i^ 7 PP ii. 7 7 i" 7 7 ) 3(71 ^^ > "^aAA^ ]ooi ,.Vib>ZZ] OTi y^]9 u^xcs^ qi.SnA>9 ]^u_Lo9 ,^ V> r 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 : ||.cJ p2)wS9 l^-'^^^^ oLSfSO Irsr^-^ v,.2iffa..4 giNn 4.0 ^^ > Vr^ <7^ 7 7 7 7 !> O . ]L)h l^]^ oJx^o ]^}.nr:) i *nl9 oiJ^9 l^r** I'a-^^ ^ ^nn oiJ^iffo ^a yS'PS' ,.7 7P5k 7 7 7 >CL-.iiO ^1-^^ < '? "^CCl ^1 ^* ol^llo ]9Q.aJ5 A-i^9 jJu^Z '\ L OaLo^) .4, 3C W W X P7 7 *.. ^ PPC 77P0 7 |S"n *\ ^^ > ]t-:iC9 qiS^nn\ Zpai r^^)* l^i-^1 >cu>^o ]2L^,_..^ lO 7 ^^ 7 7 7 0^70 7 07 T'P ^PP^P" 7 7 l_s jccn i^l )l tN^l^ cai9 rj-s?^] ^i^ (n^ ^igV|o ^ *> wiaoj^ \ * =< 7 p*. 00 7 p 7 7 ,_ 1901?} :aD \ -_ai 9a-as " PI >c|-o ,_l^Q-i ]h^Z hh^ ^? ^4- P*. 7 7!>. P7 7PP7P7P7 O 7 i^ 7 h. ]^j-i] ^i-i.a-^ jooi^o .>a_o jiO:^ ^^-^ ^9 iSn\\ ^cj^po | *N\^ i^ O ^,. ^ y } 7P 7 P77 7 U i- 7 7 7 m Ij-aa^ C901?")] o^ll ^? .QJoi " .ciwJ] ^-a^i^? pa-] O901?l| o-I^I P J,. 7 P P 7 7 32 CHRESTOMATHY. Cliapter XXVIII. .> 01 i Sn ]cai cs^o ) ^9Z ^Jbo 1^1^ "^"^ wC^o ) aVi4> Lo A.a*J r < |A.a1o <^] CC01O . CC01 _.i4^9 . tS i| n Si'jZZ] ^^ ^ - __loo * \1^] j-^ ou^ >a^ . .^^ ]coi |3 ^Ui ,^iS^ ^-ai?]]? '^c-A-i^p ^^^ ^ s ^ ^^^1 ' -^ \i^ "^-^ l=<" >aAio? I^o? ^^"h* ^r*^l^ r^h ^^1 ^^i-0 ^9 ,-aJoi . >i\ >c^A . ^oiJ!:;;^ i^jo ^^-^01 o '^ -^ Pi v^Nm9Z P "^s.*^ ^oil^ ^1 ^i-'Oi ' < en_l:;;k ^r^ "^gin \ , ^9 l^ V_s pou ^*^i^ CfLcjo 1^1 jV^ ^01 1'fJa.^.^Lfi ,-Jbo \.m2] oZ| ^9 |] je^ns o^oi^o ]."i\Sr) n nmlo |i4* a >a!^ o^ls^jo '^ : |ooi9 >C|^ cZ] >i40io, aV\Z9 c^I . ^oi.J^ . jV]o '^ > ]|- In ^ n? n \ 90^1 p&Lo^oi >CfX> ]90i ^SVA 4'] ^o ^* > ^1 i nV9 t^ | * Wrs s^oinnl ^ nntnl 1^ ^9 ^01 "^ '> ^^^ i, nS j^^t P? ^osl^o aiJ:::^ ,^1 *r(7i<=iSp ,_I^ ,-i.c? pi-l 190-2^:^^ l^-^^^^-^ "^-^li H^r-u ^9 ]|a\i\Z jlVniS CC01 a^^i^Z] ^9 ^coiJio . ou^ r^ >^ffic]"|^ ^o ^'' "^a^i-i ^aj| *^^:b s > \ ^ou_^Z] . .coi.J:;u i !^|o ^ooLlalk ^\n^ "^o^^ ^Cj^o >^ SELECTION PROM THE HISTORY OF RABBAN SOMA. 33 |J] 9,-*^ |J] wS| ^ ^bt^9 Ua^jo .l:^9|^0 I^St^r ^^GLA. 1^1 >c.A^ .Qj] i^iO^lo IVSnS ^31.^ Oj^o^Z V^^ai c^] i9 ^-'V .>,-4^] |Vi\S? qiV^Sn4\ |::C|^ |Uica^ .oou^ |j] .nn\iS )j) SELECTION FEOM THE HISTORY OF KABBAN SOMA. KlL^.'U* : T -^^ Klli-iiivsa.i rt'ivL.USiaa ^"^-^ K'oco TJ^a^ 3kif\Cii}JLrf .KlU.t:^.! K'l^rtla.l r^^CLk\^ &iL.t:^ ^a^OK* CU2K'4>K' : r^Aioi-* *_oorA '^^co r^a rcciai .i^f^ Aiais : >cnoJ2a.jjH.ao cn^ciru^^ ^^^ ^^ .rt^i n^iw.io 34 CHEESTOMATHY. ,. , ^^^ .<. KlsjOl ^ .n T.rcf .A\.\Vnn ora-aQ^ t n Cl^s ^^^rO^^^ K'ojL.i rf^iM^giX : tcna^.1::^ rtli41cu Asoxa.i K'^az:^' f<^Vi^.i^ rcnco9.T)0 o>cnasQlz.re' Klioo^ ^Vi'*'^ JLdcuAo .COS cuMCi ^cnoi^sntVo .^cnajLii ^.1 K'ocrj ..Aj-SQ^rc' rdxJaTi-a r^-^^v^^^ "fCV^Lx.re' cnldba ia.i^ri'a r<'A\.Tca^ K'OU^.TJSfl.'l K'^.f^^ K^l^JLia ^.icon^o .f^'iLftOoAns' r^iOJl en nip ^]cLini^rA>i ,r^^oii^ A^a IOluJ .lOwr^J r^.TA.i f9 ^^_^ paX* :r'* 36 CHRESTOMATHT. isTO^^cA : .^cnijvL^ r^nxTu ^'iU>x*:o Kl=3CU>.i Kts^uji^ irs^xJ^ or^ : en i i ) n coJ^ ^.i oco .^coOLnnk, crj3ji.^i r<^i'\QOr<' Anna .rt^Qo^nl 'V^t^ ^oriiurciisa coz-cxnl K^iAl^oiio .r<'5\.viv^ K'^oaIsq.i r^^nso \L coi-tJo.! .KlisniaL^a K'iL.l T^'i^ri' .Siia^.iO ,T^\\rsnr, i^lraCl^ ^.ioa.l Jkl^KaO .(JjlZ. .snT, cax^ oara T-^ijjQ K'inuLa cn\ JLTSk K'la^n on T K\ .\*gis\o r<^T > V i n ^-JM i^iJ.i o^i^r^ V* ...v.. ... ML^rdci .^j|^ ij^Tii^Jsol col rtlk^o :^._ocnl.i r<'^|u^.'t.:^ ^QTi^ Anno .^r<:ijLU T2'a:^9 CiCO r^ioA^ rdJL^Q.i : TU^ t^^ cnX rc'oco jLiai^:^ K'ixi^K'a .cndFJisa V , GLOSSARY. V-If brother, 87. 1. 1. l^fM] afterwards. ,-d[ to perish. iL-i-i.] the last. |if father, 87. 1. pjpu] other, next. n V p,.| perdition. \A'^\ other, 87. 4. Vi[ grief. i.^) to seize. li-^? hired. )j|Mi*o| possession. ]^' hire. -^1 according to, like, 89 B 1 \ihL^ field. 7 ? ^] according as, so that. 1-^?] Edomite. \L,] where? >c?| Adam. OA-I where is? lL^?| ground. llsLf as. |J%| ear. v.] God. z o] or. >^r\ >fwho,which,what? 39.103 ^o] artificer. \KA tree. ^ol oh I XmSo] way. / \L] who, which, what? 39. 103. ]?^o] treasury. V.*li-ai-.| Israel. >ol;k^9o] Jerusalem. \L\ see ^L. ^li to go, 64. 1. li^l glory, honor. 38 GLOSSARY. M there is, 65, 128. li-MAJ together, as one. ^L] like, 89 B. 1. Vsj to eat. Uixial stranger. |k^ God. ]iw.3iA. divine. }]) if not, unless, but. a^ if, 138. 5. |I^ Elijah, ll^ rib. ^aX to learn. ^.aX to teach* / ).aX ship. ]J^] mother, 87. 7. Iziflf nations, 86. 3; 87.3. ^^^1 verily, amen. )( &t|f >v| always, ceaselessly, i^l^ to say. JS^I maid. >*iJsc| when. ^1 n to persevere. ^"^ if, 138. |J[ I, 35. ^aJ[ them ., 36. 2. ^^Qj) Enosh. ^[ them /"., 36. 2. w^J) man, one, some one, 90. 4J^ Rem. 2; 107. 1, 5. J| thou w. ^h.^ thou/l ]Zjf woman, 87, 8. ]ZaAio| healing. U^ir-^"!. soldier. jVi^m] figure, form. ^aaic[ sponge. ^.^^jsj band. i-ffl| to bind. ws) also. Us) also not, nor. ^] although. ,-iif face, vail, 87, 9. \^i] four. ^^^sh] forty. ]j::>io9) widow. l^^l earth. , p f . Pk^.D9| see p^aX9. ,-^f to pour. > M^h'] see \ m'\A', ]Lm>] foundation. |z| to come, jif sign, 86. 3. joZJ Assyria. Ijzj place. uS in, among. s^l II to be displeased. GLOSSABY. 89 5,-s to scatter. Z(jLS to be ashamed. y( oia^ waste. li^oA firstborn, firstling. jS^Vas blessings. y^ to despise. s^y.^) to mock. l|..Ma at once. ^!^^ to conceive. Jj-^LS conception. )J^ to console. >aA judgment seat. > i i i ^ between (before suffixes). X ** ^ fZa-A-ijs evil, wickedness. f 2uki) between. li^wkiS house. Vlli*.^ Bethany, Iao to weep. -op |2was weeping. ?i jiNn alone. |j-o to build. Ij-ais flesh. >cKLs to be pleased, to delight. (Sown incense. Piaxas ointment. iLsio behindhand. Vlt) to swallow, lord. / |.Ls to ask. |Zal request. , p ^ . |m.L inquirer, Ij-iJio cattle. |ZaA,.^k^ enmity. I'j-Q-o oxen. 1^ son, 87. 10. 2^lJ^ filially. |-4Ji^ son of man. Ij^o to create. jJoj-o beryl. )^^o'i^ bedellium. ^f.^f) to bend. ^j.^) to bless. ^'fS but. J-cjjD lightning. )^jD alter. ^9lwo afterwards. l^a^ to choose. |-sl side. y( ViL to form. Ij-a^man. I^lko,^ G-olgotha, to twist. ^-iotfj^ Gethsemene. ^j.^to blaspheme. ^^,.^to touch. 40 ^^^ bAUX. o^ midst. Ut^^ sacrifice. )^?a^ blasphemy. wA? to cleave. ^ioA-o^body. 'fi9 to lead. iJ^^ flock. ]lcl field. ,^JI^ to laugh. ViJ^? to lie. .aj*^ Gihon. iZoi^? lie. ^joa-^ thief. Vsoi? gold. i^for. 1^0? regimen, life. Vfl^ adulterer. jjco? misery. iL to reveal. lij^c? memorial, memory, pL to defraud. .? to judge. lii^ wave. ]^o? sweat. t^^ Galilee. ^? to exult. ^ifl^to complete- wA-> to bruise. "^^-i.? to fear. wAl^ io steal. ]Lix^5 fear. ]m'l * kind. sAttif to oppress. i^to cry. Vl^? lictor. ]l^CYy. V^? own, 106. fi^ to rebuke. ^5 but, indeed. |1*^ wing. |j-? judgment. ] ^3^ vine. U-? judge. V^r^ leper. Ip-i? denar. jloj^bone. ^7 to dwell. 1^9 habitation. IZo-i-.? monastic life. < 5 that, who, those who. See 38, ^4a.^? covenant. 136, 137. 4. 5. ss? to purify. ^^t9 to sacrifice. lis? pure. fS9 II to remember. Ij-a? male. ^.ik^? to disturb. U^? is it not? 132. |io? blood. jZaLo? likeness. VaLo? price. |..^^9 like. v^^^? sleeping. >^? to sleep. (iJulsc? tear. jio? II to wonder. ^uiJ? to rise. i&.i;i.c5 Tigris. wi? grade, ordination. 1 9595 briers. >fh to come to. wA.55 to exercise, teach. 1Z5 5 palace. 1 01 behold. V^oi Abel. paifi^CT governor. ^ jjo? this, 37. V cm that, 37. a-ccn he it is. coi he, 35. y fom to be, 127. GLOSSARY. V-OC1 existence. 01 (^oi) she, 35 41 ^01 X ^01 that, 37. .01 them. ILuoi temple. ,^l^oi to go, walk, poi y to profit. jJo! this, 37. ^Qjoi they, 35. .aJoi those, 37. ^01 those f., 37. s^sai to return, overturn. 1^501 here. \jk>(n now. o and, that, when, or. ^o woe, alas. Po it is right, necessary. f:uo to appoint a time. s^t^] Zebedee. _c] to buy. 42 GLOSSARY. lis] time. w^ to be glad. I^?i just. ^^** to make glad. Uaxu?*! righteousness. ji^^ eleven. 901] II to take heed. 9|.^ to surround. liccoi] fetid. Kr** new. |^oi1 pure. jLJ Eve. ^1 to be moved. ^A.14 to be guilty. 1^0"! earthquake. >^Q>i* to show. X )L^9su*') purple. )^a^ love. )^"| olives. ]J-^ii staff, rod. \sA\ pure. lla-^ serpent. K-J] ornament. |La^ Havilah. X tio^l small. sja^ to pity. iki^l cross. f.M to look. wSLD"! to crucify. slL to make white. '^i^] to sow. ja-i. white. y^^y seed. wii-9i.i. Horeb. X 1^ to see. wj* \o\Z vision, countenance. l?)^ free, noble. i^ to sin. V^ to corrupt. lou^iM sm. \m^ sinner. IkL. corruption. \'^^ neighbor. )-ks.^M violence. }H to live. ^^ living. |L^' chaff. jli life. li-K^ lame. ^ill guilty. 1^ one. jioll animal. jZo,^ joy. IImI strength. pAV"^ mighty. ]^^-** linen. >aa.i. to know. (Lft sweet. \Lt vinegar. ^ i\ mixed. |\iS dream. walkM to change. oa^^ for, instead of. t.4Snii> five. )fiLla.i wrath. |l.J-* anguish. ^qXm Enoch. ^1.** we. iJJ-* supplication, wnl* to strangle. \^1j cord. \jiLM to be innocent. |>mii holy, sacred. fSU* to reproach, revile. I V*^>^ envy. w^pki* to urge, incite. a^^-JuA-a^ studiously, carefully. ikl field. wi-i to dry up, be desolate. \^f^ 1. waste. 2. sword, share >c^ to curse. l^'^M enchanter. ]Z'f^ end. GLOSSAai. ^ ^^ to suffer. {.m suffering. ^ n^ii to impute, reckon. |Ii^a* thought, meditation. i^owi^ darkness. |uM sister. >c.^ to seal. )^ report, fame. ^^ very. ]L^ good. ]^Ll happiness. |^!7ia4 nation, race. sA^^a.^ error. ia4 mountain. v..Oa,^ to prepare. \zL^u4 goodness, grace. )^^ price. ]Zn>\^ youth. U1^4 shade. >a^ to injure, rob. ]Ail\^ shadow, demon. s^sLl to pollute, profane. Isl4 profane. jZoal^ impurity. \:Ll to err, seduce. yiiLl to taste, eat. 44 GLOSSABY. ws^ to strike. y^ child. |ii4 leaf. )^ sea. \!l4 to hide. p&a^ to swear. X , ^1* liQLo- day. ViL* to lead. ]L^ to spring up. w^oaL^ Jacob. via-. Jobal. Ij^i-* forest, thorn. ^.ia^ to be dry. pn^ to burn. Ij-iX.- precious. 1^] hand, 87. 2. i^ to honor. li^ to confess, give thanks. Ij^] honor. '^J^ to know. wj- to be great. ]Li^ knowledge. U^ heir. ^jioxl to give, 64. 7. IZoZil inheritance. l5oau Judah. w4u4- to extend. X l-50!n^ Jew. '^i*-. Jesus. X "''^^sa-* Jubal. ^Gen. 1. 1, 89c. wsL. to sit. X ):afia^ day. 'f^h^ more. ULoI daily. u1i^l more. ^Q Jonah. |ic^ orphan. |j0Q- Joses. z jL to profit. watfa-. Joseph. lial Jopha. wS |J^i. greenness. 1^1^ sorrow. X fAM^ only. l^id stone. ,i- to bear. iLa but. GLOSSABY. 45 to subdue. l^^jQa sulphur. f^ when, while. o,.s it is sufficient. )jsi.s priest. las window. |ias thorns. jeLaos star. ^:s9a.o throne. I^^AJLtZas tunics. w^os Cush. )x^ nature. L^ indeed. \i all, 108. iL to withhold, restrain. IL^s crown. ..Ti7,>,Sn\a Chlamys. I^CLS how. ^iuis to be sad. |I^Qj-s congregation. Ijis cithara. ^.Mis to assemble. ].M.ls assembly, collection. jjoa to cover. (JOa cup. |.aiaa silver. i^a to deny. ]'ps to be sad. i^oi-a Cherub. |Zo]oj.a preaching. li^a to preach. l^'fS sad. |(3u^ sick, infirm. ]^Q.^fS sadness. s^jj to surround, lead around. V^acj^ vineyard. ]^-^ belly. V.4.a to stumble. wa^a to beseech. wsA^ to write, l^Ls book. pio linen. w^o to strive. ^to123sq. |3 not. 113 to labor, be weary. |.^ heart. w.A.'a^ to clothe. w^a^ilik clothing. |L^ dish. - "i^^ "^ legions. ^a.lil Levi. wjulh to curse. VLloq^ before. Zilk to, with. I^L^^a^ curses. 46 I Vit\ bread. fc^^i,^*^ quickly, immediately A-.^ there is not, 65, 128. [\S uight. >Q^ indeed, forsooth. ^^^aa!:;:^ Lamech. ili^a!:^ thief. ^,s^ above. wiftS^ to eat. Ills tongue. ^ JiS what? jLl^lio food. jjilio vessel, vestment. tpLnnV fountain, li&wi^,.^ Magdalene. ^-^ in vain. i^4g^yVo altar. l^flao wilderness. la^i.:ao city. >o^ anything 109. I -'^*^ east. |ll|V orient, east. |-fclfc3,^ eastern. I^ai^ birth. GLOSSARY. jZoitf death. Xjt:^ to smite. \^,t^i) straitway. \-*]a^*ifi Mehujael, '^j,:^ morrow. Pn h i*V> wave, billow. l-^Jao to come. "V^lIjo on account of. jV^uIjo because that. ]^i:k4uio booth, shade. I"* -v^^^ deceiver. f j4Cjo rain. l-iio water. liV^r^A propagator, successor. |4-^a^i4-^ Metropolitan. '-'^^ to deride. ^.jj^ to die. ]^*i^ dead. . |Zii.^ie meliora, virtues. |-ai>o yet, hence. I'^-^'^ humble. 2^^.a^.aic humbly. jZnntnV humility, now. 1^^^ oaths. \ .iic what? Vjka^ Moses. jiV) to betroth. iL: to be full. iLo word. ).sU:^ messenger, angel. ^s|b* Malachi. GLOSSARY. 47 |..coi*lQi^ ever, at all. ^Lo from, more than. K^ who? aiao who is? t lis what? 39, 132. oU^ what is? IXao to take part, be numbered. ^iSac to come, bring. ^nfffSn to become poor. |j.aalae poor. J^gi^ioisc quick, bold. p9,ii:iO helper. \\ *NSn spring, fountain. l^MSV) tithes. \si-^i^ settmg. )Zi:&:ao cave. |lTr?*v supplicator. ]wik^ midst. jnnV) burial, jjjio way. )Lq|^ intoxicating. p.:ic.i.j.iso merciful. Ob. o y I r^i 1 Viti pio mercy. |.llqi,Vi clement. |^a.^i.:ao garment. Pj^ Lord. >a-^:ao Mary. w^|j.*^ bitterly. ]Z9i.:sD gall. jZiT r^jSn admonition. ]^.M-..A:an stature, age. 1 t>4Sn oil. Messiah. Messianic. wt>n4Vi able, possible. |n4Vi skin. |in4^i tent, house. |.l\i\4V traitor. ) 1 Sn!:^ A.V perfect, whole. I^^u^lao drink. Vl^oi^ Methusael. p now. liiJ to prophecy. ).AXiJ prophet. y.Ain1 to kindle. ,-,-J to smite, beat. ou^ to shine. Tj-i-^' long. 43 i^ to be long. Jf2 to VOW. ]jf2 VOW. 93ij to shine. jiavJ river. Ij^oU light. ?aJ Nod. ,.j to move, wander. l^oiaJ light %^ to rest. lirf^aJ stranger. liia fish. ]aJ fire. I^JmJ brass. w^ to go down. \Lj^ garment. 1^93-^ injunction. ^a^ to distil, instil. i4J to watch, observe. ^Ui^ quietly. )aljj Nineveh. ]^ yoke. pL^ sign, purpose. UaJ guile. ]Za.aaJ chastity. U^SpLoJ law. ^|jsaJiaJ lawfully. \ji2 to try, tempt. axaJ to take, receive. GLOSSABT. \2n iWl temptation. <^xUl to pour out.. jSnM Naamah. w^^aJ to breath. VL to fall. ^aaJ to go out. ^ to break. w^aj soul. ,jc^ to plant. |lw^ plant. PvJ JSazarene. jnnl female. 1,-oJ pure. I >m hewn. .aaJ to cleave to. wA^aJ to knock. wlaJ to breathe. liula^J breath, to kiss. )^).9 silver. ^a to think. ]f.:J0 hope. ]Zi-aa gospel. ^*^ much, great. ]U-^ much, many, l-^ to multiply, j.^ to worship. 6L0SSABY. 49 ^auo to witness. |).^a0 multitude. \9Qja colloquy, word. ]-^ojg bar. >QJ0 to put. I-Joo to incline, sin. j.rx*jff to endure. ^Luo sword. \ia to expect. Vaa to be wise. Ual^^^iio trespass. \4Q^fLS0 Iscariot. v^-i^ to reject. wn^io to go up. v^-fciaa lying. iii^ left, left hand. \lso to hate. 'f:La to do, happen. isso threshold. )2.aio lip. Ijjaaio sword. i-aiff to receive the tonsure. ]f^ book. Ij^io scribe. \1jo sackcloth. ]Zaja-*i.io vanity. |iLa.i.ia vain. ^Uujjs m vam. iioD to destroy. j))^ feast. y f^ to make. )|.A^ workman, slave. 1,-a:^ work. ^ ^ jl;L to pass over, transgress* *l^^*^*i^ ]i.iiii the uttermost part. |-*f;:iu Hebrew. V^ to roll. V^^k^D quickly. iL^calf. ,^ until. i;::Ada. %-*^ji as yet. ]3pj. before that. ^^ until. ^ Eden. |?^f^ feast. |z,.ik church. jJjZ,.:! ecclesiastical. ]i-n:^ memorable. j.ik to be customary. [poo t^ . Vtl>'"n\ grievous. I^JIola. thorn. ]'f^\^ blind. )3a^ iniquity. IJoL evil-doer. l^oLoa^ depth. ).SQ^ branch. 50 GLOSSARY. v-alk to be sad, anxious. i^ to watch. I-JlL to wipe out. jI^^ Edar (Irad). M-i:^ eye. ^tSS before. V:^ upon, over, against, at, for, on account of. j'^Ok because. Vifc to go in. >a^ ever, age, world. ^^Vi\s above. ) ilSn\s worldly, secular. )w^ cause, accusation. ^oi with. ).:;>a^ people. (.lia:^ to baptize. ]9q^a:^ farmer. jliVS laborious. VLoIu to toil. |Lq^ toil. j.:^ to dwell. li^ to answer. iS flock. \ir^ cloud. |^M\ herb. ofiLL Esau. v^ry ia :^ twenty. li-a^ dust. unto. {.o:^ grief, anxiety. jnnS heel, li-a^ root. l^'fL sheep. ]wsoi^ evening. >o-i.:i cunning, subtle. ^^^ naked. wo^ to flee. ^s^jLlk to be strong. ],..*^ future. Vr^L^ rich. jiVa fruit, '^i.^ to meet. L*^l2f^ corporally. j-iJi..^ corporal. |j,.a plough. V^oa mouth. uas to persuade. liL^oa tribute, remuneration. )j|.xas commandment. jlA^aa separation, judgment, w^s to cease, remain. |\iq comparison. Yf^tt^ potter. Ij^^^LS unleavened bread. ^^ ^^ '^ Pilate. GLOSSARY. Ua.^^ supplication. ZfS Euphrates. \ := ]Z|i dung. v-a-i^ to expound. .Pom pifl^iLs word. u^Ji^ to cast out. ]hol^ table. ^iiis a certain one. ^fi.a to open. ]s to turn. '\ |JLs turning. ]^^ to wish, will. Ual sole. Ua^ lot. ^.Jj^as, willingly. '^^ to dip. I^s to free, liberate. .Q-(n^ Zion. iii^3 passover. \]li^ filth. flis to command. ilk:^^ wound. Ij^co , fasting. Z^ to hearken. ]la to be fruitful. w^ , to bum, be hot iy.s whip. ,-#^ unto, by. isn^yps Paradise. il^ Zillah. I^cii-s apron. ^I to pray. Pli-a iron. jzi^^ prayer. wii^ to fly. ).L^^ image. ]'Lm>IA bird. jial^^ foulness. ^9Q^^ pretorium. 1^, dust. ''^j.s to avenge. |2^^ care. lio^ji face. w9 , to tear. ^x'fS to go away, free. s^b^ to refine. 51 ^ w.A,j.s to separate, assign. 52 GLOSSABY. s^ '^\J to be light. ^]^ Cain. V-.vJ little. ]h^LD sepulchre. ]k^'^^ cell. Vi to receive. vm'sn to praise, celebrate. 1,-D to possess. iliffoy.^ clerical. >a-,-o east. plo to acquire, possess. iMlfji holy. >c,-fl to go before, anticipate. ]lil reed, cane. ycfA before. ll:^^ first. jJoj-JuLD Centurion. 2^^,^ nrst. ]^a.^aa soldier. v-A-^ to sanctify. j.:^ to cry. ^ wa.0 to wait, remain. X ^.MSLO to buffet. ^?aj5 possessor. 1^ to break. %-oa^ before. ^ i;^ to call. f. )^?a holiness. Il^i cucumber. >ai to rise. wj-D to be near. lioiio offering. ]Llf. city. ).iX*9a.o Cyrenian. l^ji piece. I^^a^QmO truth. 1^.3.0 j.^ skull. ^i^ killer. "^^4^ to kill. >o-^ to cut off. . \L^Jt ashes. l^j to be great, to multiply, (Jo^.^.^ chamber, room. l^j great. saS9 Rabbi. X Va--D Caiaphas. ^9 myriads. i*9Aj3 cithara. ^5i.Ai crouched, laid. Ui voice. ^ to be angry. GLOSSARY. J.,-!^? desired, desirable. 1:^9 firmament. /" ^.A^9 to be tumultuous. ]w.^i trembling. 4^9 to perceive. |sj desire. ,^M> Ij? to go, instruct. SXl> to ask.- s-^cjii to run. |^|-A/ request. \4sil course. l^ijk^ week. |jsc9 strife, tumult. ll-^o9 wrath. .-*c9 to refresh. I-Jurijk. rod. << |-Jo9 wind, spirit. X in.Moh afar. "'i.iiA* seven. \hzl many, 86. 1. '(> 7 |s9o magnates, 86. 1. ys^h to love, have mercy. w^riA' to leave. i-isc-'i mercy. ^ ^s.Zi to brood. |-4,a^-A. sedition. wiJi to be far. 1^ to cast, throw away. wjk-i.9 to creep, to move oneself. 9^ to send. jJL-*') creeping things. iau^ to watch. X i^^h head. jiA/ to be worthy. |.ic9 to cast. \Lo^ heat. U>c? high. , " p . . |aio9 Aramathea. w^-^ to wash. ?( |.A.^i evening. ^foa.4. sign, inducement. U' to meditate. ^.jJikQ^ power, ruling. \lh to feed, think. P pL9 shepherd. Va-ca^A. blow.. 7 W.C9 to spit. \'^Lk. lie. 53 54 GLOSSAET. ,^^z,A> to espouse, maiTy. )wdZ:^ companion. |n>ii^ vexed. 'fj^jL to compel. ^^.^^ cursed. I^La-i^LA. alabaster box. Sheol. Seth. to find, be able, possible. ILa. to rest, be calm. I i\^ rest, sleep. ,1 iiS fc. to send, to take off. wJL^L*. to rule. ^ i\4 lawful, ruler. |j.i^,>^A/ ruler. yo^^ peace. y\\^ to finish, Ap. to betray. >a^ name. ^4cLiA. to draw. ^.kLaA^ heaven, ii^^^ fatling. |.I,*Vn4. heavenly. ^V A, to hear. .nSSn^ Simon. ^A.'r.A, to minister. I ^Sff A> sun. ^l.*^ to depart, years. years. IHm. point. \L^ to narrate. ).:x^ hour. to make level. beautiful, good. to pour. 'f&A, to be good. "^ \Iam> morning, p l-a^ to irrigate. ''^-OA. to take away. Ij-^ to cast away, begin. ]^'^ history. ]^i^ family. Uoj-^ branch, vine. \'t^'r^ true. L^\f^-^ truly. \js'pjy rest. Lm, six. \L^ to drink. wo^^^ silent. )^^^A' sixth. ]j]z fig tree. f^fZ broken. vsZ to break. .,Z crown. ^-i order. GLOSSAEY. 55 II ?Z grass. / ^icooiZ abyss. \oZ to repent, ws^ to turn. woZ again. ^itnS'^oZ Jubal Cain. |^5oZ thanksgiving. aioZ formless. Vl^soZ trust, confidence. \r^oZ generation. i:l!^oZ worm. jVoZ cattle. ^itfa^Z boundary. Za-iZ under. L^amA under. LttZ under. \LkJiji. trusting. 1^\LasZ trustingly. JAqji^Z prayer. |.:^Z snow. l^a^Z to teach. l y ^ Sn^ Z disciple. ^^Z three. ^^Z thirty. ^Z there. ]bQ.2A furnace. ]L^2Z sigh. ll^Z second. |.rJZ dragon. ^z to prepare. ^bZ two. ]^-i-S9Z growth, increase. ]^hZ right. ]Zo^hZ uprightness. U^J^Z cock. \:^hZ door. i-xoik^Z twelve. y^jL^A,hZ Tarshish. ^Z9Z two. IjjoiiZiZ twelve. ^^ik.AiZ nine. ^ZZ see wou. MANUAL PART I. ly^ LESSON ONE. Gen. I. 1. 1. Notes. 1. ^ f> ^ '^ '^ h'rt-shith (two syllables). In beginning. (1) Six letters: s (6); ^ir); ^ {y), occuring twice, both times silent after ' ; (sA) ; h. (th, as in thin). (2) Three vowel sounds: (*) a half-vowel, like e in below or the obscure vowel of Webster's Dictionary. There is no sign for this half- vowel which corresponds to vocal Sh*wa in Hebrew, see 9 ; ^' (t) like i in machine ; (t), the same as the last, since may be written either above or below the letter to which it belongs. 6.4. Note. y-i-A.9 is the Nestorian form. H. ]'fjz ra/(one syllable), (he created). '(1) Three letters: i (6); j. (r); ] (*), called Olaph, not pronounced but quiescing in the preceding vowel. 2 (1) b. (2) Two vowel sounds: (), see 1 (2); (o) like o in note. .(3) Note that the half-vowel does not make a syllable, but every full vowel does 16. 1. 3. j gL^I ^a-lOfhoi (three syllab les), Ood. (1) Fotir letters:] ('); 1. {I)] ol (h)', ] ('); see 2 (1). (2) Three vowel sounds: (a) like a in at; (o) occuring twice, see 2 (2). _ 4. L^ ^q^h, ^not translated, but sign of direct object 89 c. 5. i^ Sfl A, sh^ma-i/cl, (two syllables) the heavens. MANUAL. PAET I. 57 (1) Four lettersi^Jk. (s^); in (w); ^{y)]\. ('). (2) Three vowel sounds: () see 1 (2); ^(a) see 3 (2); ''(o) see 2 (2). 6. ^o w^yojf i (one syllable), a7id followed by the sign of the direct object, see 4. One new letter o iw), like w in water. 7 . V^M ^ar-dL (two s yllables), the earth. Four letters: two Olaphs, see 2 (1) ; h (r), see j. 1 (1). (The form is used at the beginning of a word, or after a letter which does not connect with following letters ; the same difference of form as to the Olaph: 4. 4); ^ ('), not pronounceable, called E, 3. 2. Obseevations. 1. The letters in this verse are (1) |, (2) :s, (3) ai, (4) o, (5) ^, (6) ^, (7)la, (8)\(9)Si., (lO)-i., (11)Z. 2. The vowel signs are (1) ", (2) ", (3) ', all of which may be written either above or below the line. 6. 4. 3. Jhe vowel sounds are (1) , (2) a, (3) o, (4) i. 4. h^, Targum n^, is found in a dozen passages of the Old Testament in the Peshitto version. 89 c. 5. ) and o are never written separately, being always prefixed to the following word. 34. 6. The definite state is denoted by the ending f, which corresponds to the Hebrew article. 76. 7. Every syllable begins with a consonant. 15. 2. 8. Notice that all of the consonants have their direct equivalents in Hebrew, except L which here stands for Hebrew Tsodhe. 3. Grammar Lesson. r (1) 14, 911, 3 4Tr^.tt4^-^^ l^>'^ Y4^ *-^^^ (2) Gender, number and state of nouns. 76. 4. Word Lesson. Vii^ he formed, t*^ he made, t^l h^ said. o and. 58 MANUAL. PART I. >-s m. wio Ae wrote, ^^^9 beginning, u sign of the definite object. , ^^ ci. And beginning. 2. Ajid he fm-med the neavens. 3. He made the ' eartWand the heavens. 41 God is in the heavens. 5, In the beginning Godrsaia. 6. He wrote the beginning. 7. "Write out the Syriac of Lesson One in Hebrew characters and note the differences of the languages. 8. Translate the first lesson from Hebrew into Syriac. 9. Retranslate literally into Hebrew. (Note. In these last two exercises, English may be substituted for Hebrew. They may better be written on the board.) LESSON TWO. Gen. I. 2. 1. Notes. ^ 8. U^Jl w^ar-di (two syllables), anA the earth. The vowel is thrown back on the unvowelled o and Olaph quiesces in the vowel, 25. 1. (2), 34. 2. C 9. Zooi h^w$ih (one syllable), {she) was,^ The Z is the sign of the feminine; the masculine is jooi. (1) Z with the dot above is t; with the dot below as in I^ is th, 10. (2) The vowel o is w pronounced like oo in fool, 6. 3. (3). o is a vowel letter, 5. 2 & 6. 5. (3) For the point above o, see 6. No further attention need be paid to the points above and below the o. y 11. oiggQ w^bhu h (one syll able), and a waste, (1) ^ is not b (s) but bh=v in vote, 10. 1. (2). (2) 01 is always a consonant in Syriac and never a vowel letter, 25. 4. 12. ]lL^oivVie8h'Shu-khci (three syllables ) and (the) darkness. (1) o (IP)', .M, (^=n) like ch in loch] (sh) is here doubled because it is of a nominal form which doubles the 2d radical, 72. 2. (6); o=u; s=ZcA(=); ](')=X. ^^ MANUAL PART L 59 (2) Although this noun has the ending | (see observation 6), it is indefinite, 93. 2. 13. Ji^ ] '^'^>^ al-ap-p'iy, upon the faces of. (1) Notice / final=V while I initial or medial=lfc, 4. 1. (2) s after a consonant=^ ; but after a vowel=2?p; s after a vowel or half-vowel=j?A or /", 10. (3) ay forms a diphthong and denotes the construct plural, 8. 2. (1). 76. 3. (4) The two dots over are the sign of the plural, 13. 1. 14. I^jooctZ i^hu-mo^ (two syllables), the abyss (oinn). (1) The first syllable begins with two consonants, but between them is a half vowel, 16. 2. (2) Both syllables are open, 17. 1. (3) o quiesces in , 6. 5, 25. 2. 15. o i^oio w^ru-heh (two syllables), and his spirit (and the spirit of hira). (1) Five consonants, one vowel letter 5. 2, two vowel signs 6. (2) The form consists of the conjunction o, the noun wo9, and the pron. suffix 3rd sing. masc. n , 34, 36. (3) The vowel is always written above the consonant, the others may be written below, 6. 4. (4) The suffix a\ is used for emphasizing the first of two definite nouns, the second being generally preceded by ?, 97. B. (5) ?oiX? (la^-lo^hoif who (is) God, is in apposition with the suffix in oL^oh, 97. B. (6) ? is the relative pronoun, 38. (7) The Olaph after ? throws back its vowel and quiesces, 32. 2, 25. 1. (2). (8) The final | is the sign of the emphatic state of the masc. singular, 76. 1. (9) For the form of the noun, see 69. 2. 16. ua^i.:ae m^rahh*phd^{ivfO syllables), hroodivg. (1) s=ph, s=p or pp. 60 MANUAL. PAET I (2) :o prefixed denotes the participle, 74. (3) l^is the sign of the feminine singular in the absolute state, 76. 2. (4) w is doubled, this being in the intensive stem, called Pa' el, 41.2. 17. l^ ma-yo^ the waters. (1) The two dots are called Rebbuy and denote the plural, 13. 1. (2) r denotes the emphatic or definite state, which takes the place of the article in Hebrew, 86. 16, 87. 22. 18. jicjo M?e'-mar, and he said^ (1) There is no Waw conversive in Syriac. (2) f^]o is composed of Waw and j^f, the Olaph throwing back its vowel and quiescing, see 8 above. (3) jiJf is the 3rd masc. sing, of the Perfect of the simple, or P^'al, stem. (4) Initial Olaph always takes a helping vowel, 55. 1, Bern. 1. 19. ]:jiJ neJi-ice, let there 6e. (1) The 2 (Nun) indicates the Imperfect 3rd person, 45. 1, Bern. 2 4. (2) The root is ]ooi 60. 3. Comp. Zcoi (9) she was. (3) In the 3rd person, the Imperfect is employed as a Jussive 114. 1. 20. l^oiaJ 7i uh-roJ, light. (1) o is a vowel letter, as in 10 above. (2) As to form, this noun is in the emphatic state and should be definite ; but as to fact, the emphatic state is often used when the noun is indefinite, 93. 2. (3) The noun is a m class segholate, 67. 1 c. 21. lo oio wa-h^wo^ and there was. (1) There is no Waw conversive. (2) This is the 3rd masc. sing. Perfect P'al. Comp. (19 (2)) and (9). (3) Waw receives the helping-vowel a, and forms with it a half-open syllable, 16. 4, 32. 2, 33. 3, 2. Observations. 9. The new letters in this verse are: (1) ^, (2) .^ (a), (3) s, (4) ?, (5) J. 10. The new forms of letters occurring are: (1) Z (L.), (2) ^ (^). 11. The new vowels and diphthongs are: (1) o, (2) , (3) ^ (4) | . 12. The conjunction "Waw may be written (1) without a vowel sign, MA^UAL PABT I. g^ having merely the half-vowel between it and the next letter, or (2) with a helping a as in jooio, or (3) when it is followed by a word beginning with Olaph, it draws the vowel to itself the Olaph quiescing, 34. 13. Syllables ending in a vowel sound are called open; ending in a consonant, they are called closed; ending in a vowel followed by a consonant with a half-vowel, they are called half-open, 16. 14. Observe the difference between > (b) and s (6/i); ^ (h) and m (h); o (w) and o (m) ; s (ph) and s (p) ; 2 (t) and Z (th) ; ^ (d) and j. (r) ; Zi (') and ^{l)',> (kh) and {hh). 4. 3. , 15. Observe that quiesces in ; o in ; | in , and*. 6. 5. Mem. and 24. 16. The Syriac verbal inflection distinguishes number and tense. 17. The Syriac, like the Hebrew, says faces-of abyss, not faces of- abyss, i. e. the first of two words in the genitive relation suffers change and not the second. 76, 96 A. 18. The sign of the feminine gender is the letter Z. 43. A, 76. 2. 19. The preformative J marks the 3rd person of the Imperfect, 45. 20. Hoots have three letters (comp. ^]), all other letters being preformatives or sufformatives, 40. 2 1 . When a Kushoy is over a letter preceded by a vowel, that letter is to be doubled, 10. 2. (2). 22. The doubling of letters other than aspirates is not denoted by any sign, 10. 2. (4). 23. The definite or emphatic state is denoted by the affix) 76, Rem.\ 24. The plural is distinguished from the singular by Rebbuy, 13. 25. Nouns have two numbers and two genders and three states 76. 3. Grammar Lesson. 5, 16, 24, 33, 38, 39, 40. ^J5-'.34 Itf, ^ ,^^ . ^3. IS. 17. Review 14. 34, 76^* 4. Word Lesson. fiA when, a.M9 he brooded, ^.o^ he went out \\m he saw. et MANUAL PARTI. ^ tvho? ? that. ^j-. he knew. Exercises. 1. In beginning who made the earth? 2. Darkness brooded upon the earth, when God created the heavens. 3. Desolation was upon the faces of the heaven. 4. Darkness went out upon the waters and upon the faces of the earth. 5. The spirit of him who is God (was) brooding upon the waters. 6. He saw and knew that God created the heaven and the waters. 7. Write in Parallel columns and compare the Hebrew Perfect form ana and the Syriac form s^l^s as to aspiration, vowels, the half vowel and the formatic elements. 8. Translate literally into English (or Hebrew) the Syriac of the lesson and retranslate. LESSON THREE. Gen. I. 3. 4. 1. KOTES. \f 2 2. ]\^o wa-h'zoij and (he) sa w, (1) Compare 18 and 21. (2) "I is Zain, a new letter. X^ 23. ]h(nll^l^nuh-r(i, ike light. (1) ^ is an inseparable preposition, 34. It is often employed to denote the indirect object of the verb, 123. It is also used in its true prepositional sense to denote the indirect object, 124. (2) iJoiij. See 20. j( 2 4 . t-^g^? (^h^^h ap-pir, that (it was) good. (1) ? is here a relative conjunction. (2) 9=dh after a word ending in a vowel, 10. 1. (3). (3) i i'=i4> is a masc. adjective in the absolute state. (4) For the form of the noun, see 72. 2. (4). (5) The clause is an objective clause, 125. 2, and a nominal sentence without a copula, 117. 1. 7 7 i 25. y^-t^zw a^h^rash (two syllables), and (he) separated. MANUAL PART L 63 (1) The first" is a helping vowel, 33. 2. (2) The first syllable is open, 17. 1. (3) 3 is pronounced with a half vowel (vocal shwa), 31. 1. 3. 26. h^lMth. between. (1) i hh after a word ending in a vowel sound 10. 1. (3). (2) -T written fully, 6. 5. (4). (3) h. til after a vowel, 10. 1. (1). 27. ^ hl between to. Compare the Hebrew construction in vs. 6. 28. jisi^ (see 12.). 29. li^oo ?^q-A:^rq(tw o syllables) and he called. (1) jj-o (compare 21) is in the simple verb stem 3rd person sing, masc, 41. 1,43. (2) The Imperfect would be jj-oJ he shall call. Compare ]ooJ he shall be Id. 30. ]90iall:^ l^nuh-ra^ji wo syllables), to t he light (1) Notice that li*. may denote the indirect object as well as the direct (comp. 23), 124. (2) ^ is regularly prefixed without a vowel, 34. (3) 01 ends the syllable and in Hebrew would have the silent Sh^'wa or syllable divider. 31. V^^fi^.*) H-mo^o^ihree syllables), da^. (1) Olaph is frequently placed before wor^s for the sake of euphony. Before ^ this Olaph takes in which the .a. quiesces, 20, Rem. 2. (2) IVVi.l is day as opposed to night; j-ico-. at the end of the verse is the day of 24 hours. 32. VaaA^!:a.o iva-l^hesh'Shu-1cho^(iouY syllables, one for each vowel), and to the darkness. Since three consonants can not come together at the beginning of a syllable^ o takes a helping Pethoho, 33. 2. 33. ]^ (see 29) "/le called''. 34. yl l^^ ^ ;-^Q^(from lai-l^ya), night. (1) The emphatic ending has here lost its force, 93. 1. (2) is a contraction from ai, 29. 3 (1). 64 MANUAL. PAET I. 35. M^9 ram-shci^ evening. (1) Emphatic state, the absolute and construct of which is ^^*i (2) Though emphatic in form it is indefinite. (See 34). 36. ||-s. tsai)h-r% morning. 37. p.>|:^a ^(Zayone,99. 1, Rem. 2, 93. 1. 2, 93. 11. 3. (1) ilaco^ is indefinite in meaning being a translation of Di^. (2) r-^=i"J^ the i< being rejected, 23. 1. (1). (3) |~M is in the absolute state agreeing with j^cu which though emphatic in form is absolute in meaning. 2. Observations. 26. Occurrence of aspirates in Gen. 1:1 5. l.hK^'-, c (b) follows nothing: I, (th) after i. ]f^ a (b) after fiw of the preceding word. L^ L (fh) after the vowel . Zooi Z (th) after the vowel . 010 Z Z (t) after h^ of the preceding word. oioso , (bh) after a half vowel sound. l^c-ik-Jo a (kh) after the vowel o. wis] 3 (pp) for np. l^coiZ 2 (t) after a diphthong. |ovX? 9 (d) after a consonant, oi. |.a-i-j!isc s (2?^) after a half vowel. 3-*,? ? (rfA) after | of the preceding word. s (pp) the nominal form having the second radical doubled. JO s (ph) after the vowel . L^ > (bh) after | of the preceding word ; h, (th) after . li^. s (ph) after the vowel , 27. Six letters are called aspirates namely, ^r:, w^, ?, ^s, ^ and Z. "With a point below these signs represent bh (=v), gh, dh, kh, ph and th ; with a point above and when preceded by a consonant (i e, neither vowel nor half vowel), they represent b, g, dj Jc, p, t; with a point above and when preceded by a vowel in the same word, they represeiit 66, gg, ddf kk, pp^ U, MANUAL PART L 65 28. There is no sign of doubling except for the aspirates. 29. There is no sign for Sh^wa in Syriac. 30. The emphatic ending and state have often lost their force. See Notes 34 and 35 and 93. 2. ^ 31. This lesson has three new letters ] (z), ^ (A;), . (ts). 32. Notice the three states in: (1) Absolute: iu^-4,9, cioZ, oios, ^.^.a^. (2) J^mphatic: fovX, {* Vi a>, (^9|, Jjo-a-.*, |.^oaiZ, jjoioJ, j^iaia-l, (3) Construct: wis). 33. Forms for special study: j^jc, joaiJ, i^^io, w^i^. 3. Grammar Lesson. (1) 6, 23, 20, 41, 42, 43, 37. (2) Learn the Imperfect of *.oLa to write ( 45). (3) Review 5, 9, 10, 11, 34, 40. 4. Word Lesson. ^|..*oi then, >aifl to put. ^*| to buy. yr\h> to he finished. "VIj to fall "^SnS to he troubled. >-2^ to sit. v^i-o to be nigh, \^h,A> to be at peace. ^-^^ to ivorship. 5. Exercises. 1. God said: let there be evening and let the re be mornin g. 2. God shall call the morning light. 3. God saw the heavens and the earth and the waters and the good light (the light, the good). 4. In the beginning (was) darkness, then God made the light and he divided be- tween the light and (to) the darkness. ^y * 5 . Translate literally from Gen. 1. 1 4 into Syriac andt]^n retranslate, ji ^ 6. "Write the following forms in Syriac, giving Rukhokh and Kushoy.' >, JB (1) Thou shalt write. (2) We shall write. (3) He shall write. (4) Ye I ee MANOAL PARTI. Bhall write. (5) I shall wTite. (6) We shall buy. (7) They shall buy. (8) Let him fall. (9) She sat. (10) He put. (11) It shall be finished. (12) Thou shalt be troubled. (13) Ye shall be nigh. (14) We shall worship. 15. Let it be at peace. a LESSON FOUR Gen. I. 68. 1. Notes. 38. ^]o and (he) said, (1) Syllables: (a) open, (b) closed, 17. 1, 2. (2) Vowels : (a) Ebhoo, (b) P^thoho, 6. (3) I has here no consonantal force, but is quiescent, 25. (4) Pe Olaph verbs have a helping vowel with the Olaph, 33. 1, 55. 1. This vowel when preceded by an inseparable particle is thrown back, the Olaph quiescing, 25. 1. (2), 34. 2. 39. ]ai^ God (N. 3). (1) Three syllables, all open. (2) Vowels: (1) Pthoho, (2, 3) Zkopho, 6. (3) The vowel has been retained by the guttural, as a helping vowel, 28. 2. (2). 40. ]!jiJ neh-ice, let there be. (1) J is the bign of the 3rd masc. of the Imperfect. (2) Verbs whose last radical was originally o or ^ end in the Imperf. inr GO. 3. 41. I^a-oi (y'^p'i) expanse. (1) Syllables: both open. (2) Vowels: (1) Hbhoso (2) Zkopho. 42. Ivik^ias in the midst of. (1) has Rukhokh because the preceding word ends in a vowel; 2w because preceded by a vowel, 10. 1. (I). (3). (2) s is the inseparable preposition in, 34. 1. (3) ^5^ is in the construct state singular number, fern, gender, 76. 2. 43. ]^ md-yosf the waters. (1) The marks " are Rebbuy, 13, the sign of the plural. (2) Some plurals end in T, 86. 16. MANUAL. PAET L 67 44. w^J^ jooiJ let it be dividinff. (1) ]s3iJ is the same as in N. 38. Used with a participle, it denotes continuous future action, 127. 5. (2) ^^po-resh is a participle of the simple species. Compare ^an's. See 50. (3) The original form of the participle was parish; the o from a is naturally long and hence unchangeable, the i is naturally short and changeable, 7. 3. 45. L*^^ beth, betirren. (1) e is naturally long by contraction from di/, 7. 3, 29. 3. (2) The root is ^aL ; n has been dropped (as in n? in Hebrew). The form was lLL, 23. 2. (3). 46. ,.riikO u'd-'^ ^bJiddh, and he made. (1) L is to be distinguished form 1^, 4. 3. (6). (2) o takes a helping vowel 34. 1, and forms with it a half open syllable, 17.4. (3) i* has a half-vowel as is shown by the aspirated s, 9. 3, 10. 1 . 1 2). (4) g-alk is the 3rd pers. sing. masc. of the P*'al or simple form of the verb. This is the first form of the verb and the simplest, 43.1. 47. ^.-09] arkio, the firmament. By comparison with 39, it will be seen that an Olaph has been placed before |^- ^^ This Olaph is called Olaph prosthetic, 20, 1. 48. uArgjao and he separated. This is in the simple or P'al stem, in the first form, see 46. 49. LJk!:^^dal^thah\ which (were) beneath (lit. to under). (1) ^^. under, is a preposition. (2) ^ fo is an inseparable preposition, 34. (3) ? is the relative pronoun. It here introduces the relative or ad- jective clause defining jjLo, 38, 136. 50. ^ from, see 6. 3.(2). 51. '^ii^j daP el, which were above. Qg MANUAL,-PART L (1) Three elements: the relative ? cf. 49. 3, the preposition !iifc, see 49. 2, and VL = VL upon, see 13. (2) For the change from VL to "^ see 29. 2. 52. jooio and it was. (1) |coi is the first form of the verb. (2) The "comes from original awa, 60. 1, but see also 29. 5. (2), (3). 53. U-soi Jiokhanno, so. 54. TT-*^^? dath^ren, which is two i. e. second. (1) 9, pointed according to 34 with a helping vowel, is the relative pronoun introducing an adjective clause, 38. (2) rr*^^ is one of the few remnants of a dual which remain in Syriac, 76. 5. (3) Notice that Hebrew ^ often becomes Z in Syriac and 3 is some- times changed to b. 2. Observations. 34. A helping vowel is given to every second consonant preceding one which has a vowel, e. g. |.^=>, ]o3io^ '^'^?) '^=*-^^?. 35. The vowel of prosthetic Olaph or of an Olaph beginning a word is thrown back upon a previous o, ? or inseparable preposition, e. g. 36. A word has as many syllables as it has full vowels, e. g. i^jo we-mar, joiA. ^a-Io-ho, \Lt^h r^ki-o. 37. Pretonic a is not found in Syriac. The original a of the verbal or nominal form, which in Hebrew becomes pretonic Kamets, is vola- tilized, e. g. ,li^ = nnr. 38. The feminine in Syriac is everywhere denoted by 2^, except in the absolute state of nouns and participles, e. g. 2^.4,9, Zooi, ^^5^ but i^*>^Sn. Such nouns as ]Ls] and ^^oh are, in the singular, masculine in form but feminine in gender. Compare the agreement of the nouns with femnine verbs and see 86. 10. 39. The name of the simple species or stem is P*al. Examples of it are: ^.a,^; ^s:^ and jooi. MANUAL. PABT I. 69 40. The 3rd pers. sing. masc. of the P'al is the first as well as simplest form of the verb, from which all other forms of different gender number person tense or stem are made by vowel changes and by significant preformatives and sufformatives ; and, in the case of the intensive stems, by the doubling, also, of the second radical. 4 1 . Naturally long vowels are unchangeable e. g. o from original a u^i^s, t m tSt n?, in Zooi, u in olmo?, e m ^. 42. Naturally short vowels are changeable, e. g. wsl*^ ).aiijj^ 3. Grammar Lesson. 1. 7. 1417. 25. 30. 31. 35. 45. 2. Learn the following table which gives the regular inflection of substantives, adjectives and participles. Sing. Plur. masc. fern. masc. fem. Abs. w^i^ \"^r^ r^^-^'f^ ^r^ ~ mP ^P VU PP Uons. u.4^^ ^^r^ ^a^-^s h,x,-f.3 Emph. \^'x^ l^^^r^ \^r^ \h^'i^ 3. Show what the endings for gender and number are. 4. "What vowel is unchangeable? What vowel is everywhere dropped before forms with affixes? 5. Pronounce j)or-sAo not por^sho, por-shtn not por^shmj 30. 1, 31.3. Eem. 2. 6. Inflect, in like manner, v i>ijSn brooding ^ 81. 7. Review 5. 6. 16. 24. 33. 4. Word Lesson. V i 1*^ evil. ? (inseparable prefix) which, that. U>q- sea. - -^ ^ he sent ^hA two. ^^ from, ooi if, he. (.^l^^Z disciple. 5. Exercises. 1. Let there be the firmament between the waters and the waters. 2. Between the heavens and the earth which God made. 3. The 70 MANUAL. PABT I. waters which are under from the heavens and the earth which is ahove from the seas. 4. In the morning which is two God sent the light and he called the light day. 5. It (is) good that it was so. 6. The disciples the good [are] separating from the evil. 7. God [is] good and the earth (fem.) which (?) he made [is] good. 8. In the beginning the light (was) separating between the day and the night. 9. Translate literally verses 6 and 7 and, without further aid than your own translation, translate back into Syriac. 10. Do the same for verses 1 5. LESSON FIVE. Gen. I. 913. 1. Notes. 55. .Q.A.1S&.3 nethJcann^shun, let them be collected. (1) The preformative J is the sign of the 3rd person of the Impf. (2) The ^ is the sign of the masculin plural. (3) The L. prefixed after a preformative is the sign of the reflexive or passive stem. (4) The root is ^.Ais to collect. (5) This form would be written the same in the Ethp^el and in the Ethpa'al. It is better here to put it in the latter, or the intensive passive ; and to read neth-kan-nHhun, not neth-ka-n^shun. 56. 1 9 zP lath-ro, to a place. (1) The vowel of the Olaph is thrown back to the inseparable pre- position, 34. 2. (2) Though emphatic in state, the noun is indefinite in meaning, 93.2. 57. ]}^^^ teth-ze, let appear. ((1) The preformative Z shows that the form is in either the 3rd fem. sq. or in the 2nd. masc. The context decides for the former. (2) The first form of all the Imperfects of verbs Lomadh He ends in ] . The 3rd fem. sg. differs from the masc. merely in changing J to -i, 45. 5. (3) The first form of the verb is ]v^, see 22, and compare Ij-c, jooi and |o0iJ. MANUAL PART L i^l (4) The second Z shows that this is a passive stem, 41.4. Since the Ethpa'al and Ettaphal have everywhere three syllables, this must be the passive of the simple stem, i. e. the Ethp^'el. 58. |^At^ t/ab-bish-to, the dry land. ( 1 ) The ^ being preceded by a vowel the dot above it, called Kushoy, shows that it is to be doubled, 10. 2. (2). (2) Z not having a vowel before it, the dot shows merely that there ia no half-vowel after the and that Z is unasperated. (3) b, is the sign of the fem.; f of the emphatic state, 76. 59. I 4ln\o wal^khensho, and to the gathering. (1) |.^Ls is a segholate noun masc. sing, emphat. 67. (2) ^ is the inseparable preposition regularly prefixed, 34. (3) o is the conjunction. It has a helping vowel because occurring before an unvowelled consonant. It forms with this vowel a half- open syllable and the i^ takes a half-vowel., 17. 4, 31. 3, 33. 2. 60. jJi.^? d^mat/o, of the waters, lit. that of the waters. (1) ? is really a demonstrative pronoun corresponding to Hebrew nt. It has come to denote the genitive relation, 98. A. (2) For |i:J, see 17. 61. jL^iio-. ya-mSf seas. (1) The two dots are the sign of the plural Rebhiit/, 13. (2) The line under the first lio is linea occultans and shows that, although written the ijo is not to be pronounced, 19. 3. (3) ]" is the sign of the emphat. masc. plural., 76. 3. (1) The singular is |J^, 67. 2. (7). 62. .i-asZ thap-pek, let cause to go out. (1) Z with E,ukhokh because the word preceding ends in a vowel, 10. 1 . (3) ; 3 with Kushoy, because doubled to compensate for an assi- milated Nun, 10. 2. (2). (2) The z shows the 3rd fem. Impf. ; the above it is the sign of the causative or Aph*el stem, 45. 2, 47. Uem. 4. (3) The Yudh at the end is sometimes, though less seldom than not, found with the 3rd fem. Impf. 47. Bern. 5, 45. 5. 72' MANUAL.- PAET I. (4) The root is ^.aAi, the Nun being assimilated always at the end of a syllable when not accompanied by a vowel, 18, 53. 63. ]]'!lLtha'dho, grass. (1) The last Olaph is otiant, 24. 1 ; the other is quiescent, its vowel having been thrown back on the ?, so that we have tha-dho instead oUhadh-o, 25. 1. (2). (2) Z has Rukhokh because the preceding word ends in a vowel, 10.1.(3). (3) Z stands for Hebrew t. It has been transposed with ?, the vowel being equivalent to !!Ja.l^ is treated as an a class segholate. It comes from the Greek 67. |jLiL|o wi-lo-no, and the tree. (1) Waw draws back the vowel of the ] and the Olaph quiesces, 25. Rem. 1. (2) f is the ^ign of the emphatic state, 76. Rem. 1. 68. fiUj~dh^j)hi-re, of the fruit, lit. that of the fruits. (1) ? is aspirated after the preceding vowel. It introduces an MANUAL.- PART I. 73 appositional relative clause which has become equivalent to our genitive, 97. A. 2. (2) ]9JLs. The two dots are Eebbuy, one of them standing also for the diacritical point of the Kish, 13. 2. | is the sign of the masc. plur. emph., 76. 3. 69. r^? dh^'o-bhedh, which was yielding, lit. was making. (1) For ? see 65. 1. (2) j-^ilu is the active part, of P^al. Masc. sing., see 44. 70. a\h,^^^ d^nes-hHheh, whose stock, (1) 5 introduces the relative or adjective clause. It has Kushoy because preceded by a consonant. Along with cC his it forms the genitive of which or ivhosc, 36, 38, 104. 2. (2) ^^^^ is in the fem. as shown by w 76. 2. The emphatic is \l^^ (cf. Heb. nnp Is. 6; 13). 71. oi-o in it. This is the inseparable preposition s and the masc. sing. 3rd pers. pron. suffix. 34, 36. 3. 72. 2^ jo wap-p%ath, and (she) caused to go forth, (1) Wau, as usual, draws back the vowel of the Olaph the latter quiescing, 25. Rem. 1, 34. 2. (2) In ^wu^l, b, is the sign of the 3rd fem. sing, of the perfect; | is the sign of the Aph^el or causative stem; the Kushoy over the s^ since it is preceded by a vowel, shows that the s is doubled ; the doubling is occasioned by a preceding Nun, which has been assimil- ated regularly at the end of a syllable when preceded by a vowel and followed by none, 43. Rem. 1, 41. 3, 53. 2. 73. I^iiz? dhathHo-tho, ivhich is three i. e. the third, ' ' ' . . . "^ (1) This is an adjective clause limiting )^a- day. (2) In dha, dh is aspirated after the preceding vowel ; a is a helping vowel; the syllable is half-open, ;< 33. 2, 17, 4. (3) ^Z is equivalent to the Hebrew uVr, 'i: being regularly equivalent to ^ where they both con-espond to J^ in Arabic. The pretonic Kamets of the Hebrew is always volatilized in Syriac. 74 MANUAL.- PART I. 2. Observations. 43. There are in Syriac: (1) A simple verb stem, e. g. \\m^ w^^. (2) An intensive verb stem, e. g. ws-^j^. (3) A causative verb stem, e. g. ^^as]. (4) A simple passive stem, e. g. \\j*ZZ^ '^9?}^. (5) An intensive passive stem, e. g. .q-aJ^^J. (6) And a causative passive stem, (not yet occurring). 44. The characteristic of the intensive stems is the doubling of the second radical. 45. The causative stem is characterized by before its first radical. 46. All passives have as their sign a Z occurring before the first radical. In all Perfects and Imperatives this Z is preceded by Olaph ; in all Participles and Infinitives by Mim; in the Imperfect by the appropriate personal preformative. 47. The names of the stems are P'al, Pa el, Aph'el, Ethp'el, Ethpa al, Ettaph'al. 48. " when naturally long corresponds to the Hebrew naturally long 0. 49. The name of' is Zkopho; of ", P^thoho; of^Ebhoo; of^ fibhoo; of o" '090. 50. The preformatives of the Imperfect are the same as in Hebrew, except that in Che 3rd person masculine there is Nun instead of Yudh and that in the 3rd fem. plur. there is Nun instead of Tau. 3. Grammar Lesson. (1) Review tli^ sufformatives of the P'al Perfect, 43. (2) Form with the aid of these the Perfects of all the other stems, 44. (3) 8, 13, 18, 19, 21, 22, 36, 44. (4) Review 911, 20, 23, 34, 35, 3743. 4. Word Lesson. waja3 to take. '^^^-ioA. to hear, >c^*. t) heal. wax] to crucify. MANUAL. PABT L 76 * -. 7 to clothe, 9 ^] according as, *^atf] to tempt. 9 what, that. f^ks to command, iV|\n\ to say, s^sr^ to he near, ? VJlIso because, wAiAft? to he far, \h^M>o^ truth, v*2o to open. ^1 them, 5. Exercises. 1. God said: Let the heavens be opened and let the herb appear on the earth. 2. The earth brought forth grass according as Grod commanded. 3. Let the earth bring forth the tree of fruits which is making fruits whose sprout is in itself. 4. He clothed the earth (with) herbs. 5. Hear ye what I have been commanded to say. 6. Ye have been healed because ye have heard what I said. 7. He was taken and tempted and crucified. 8. Ye have been commanded to say the truth. 9. God clothed them and commanded them to hear the truth. 10. Draw nigh to God and He will draw near to you, remain far from Him and He will be far from you. LESSON SIX. Gen. I. 1416. 1. Notes. 74. ^otJiJ neh-wun, let them he. (1) The first Nun indicates the Imperfect 3rd person, 45. (2) The ending ^ denotes the masculine plural, 45. 6. (3) The root is jooi he was, cf. Zooi she was. See 9. 75. ]'f.(7iJ nah'hire, lights. (1) The two dots over the Eish are Eebbuy, the sign of the plural; one dot coincides with the diacritical point of the Eish, 13. 2. (2) I is the sign of the masc. plur. emphatic, 76. 3. (3) The root is the same as that of jjoioJ light, see 20. 76. I iViA^? dha-sh^ma-yo, of the heavens, lit. that of the heavens. (1) 5 is in apposition with |^.i-D9| ; ).iVi4^ is in the genitive relation to the pronoun. See 97. A. 76 MANUAL. PAET I. (2) The first syllable is half open and its yowel a helping vowel, 17. 4, 33. 2. 77. wA>j'=iSnS l^ineph-rash, to separate, (1) ^ is the inseparable preposition regularly prefixed with a half- vowel, 34. 1. It is always used before the Infinitive construct 120. 1. (3). (2) ^Isl^ is the Infinitive of the P'al, 49. 1. The root is ^^s. 78. |\i\i ., cf. |%nSn .]^ see 31. In one case there is Olaph prosthetic; in the other not. Cf. \^^^h 41 and i^L-cjj 47. 79. ilii^ K-;yo, night, (1) i comes by contraction from ai/, 29. 4. (4). (2) This noun is generally written jjW. See 41. 80. jZoZU loth^ivothOj for signs. (1) ^ is the preposition, which draws back the vowel of the Olaph, the latter quiescing, 25. 1. (2) and Rem. 1. (2) U is the sign of the fem. plur. emphatic. The AVau is sometimes inserted in nouns between the root and the ending, 86. 3. (3) The singular is |zj. 81. )xs}.!^o wa-l^zdbh-ne, and for times, (1) When more than one of the inseparable particles occur together every second one takes a helping vowel, 34. 4. (2) The noun is masc. plur. emph. ; see 75. 2. 82. (iwii03-*^o wa-l^yavrvno-tho, and for days, (1) li^o as in 81. 1. (2) \Z fem. phir. emphatic see 80. 2. The two dots are Rebbuy. The singular is l^aco-*. 83. I *l 4S0 tvHa-sh^na-yo, and for years, (1) Since Shin is without a vowel Lomadh takes a helping vowel and Wau does not. Cf. 81 and 82. (2) |Ii^ is a plur. emphatic. See 86. 1 6. The singular isjLlX, 87. 30. 84. ^9 9iJl:^ man-h^rtn, giving light, (1) :ao prefixed is a sign of participle except in P'al. Cf. |1^^ (16) and ^\^\^ (65), but w-*.Ji (44. 2.) and ^l. (69). MANUAL. PABT I. 77 (2) P^thoho with the preformative of the Participle denotes the causa- tive or ApKel stem, 41. 3. (3) ^' is the sign of the masc. plur. absolute, 76. 3. 85. ojoULla^ l^man-ho-ru, to give light, (1) iao is prefixed to all Infinitives. The Infinitive construct is always preceded by :^, 49, 120. (2) All Infinitives, except the P^'al end in o' with " before the last radical, 49. 2. (3) P^thoho with the preformative denotes the causative stem. Cf. 84. 2 and see 41. 3. 86. ^^^ th^ien, two. (1) For the etymology, see 76. 5. (2) For the syntax, see 110. A. 87. I-O509 rau-r^bhe, great. (1) This is an irregular plural from ^r:^, in the emph. state, 87. 27. (2) Note the position of the adjective after its noun and its agreement in gender, number and state. The same is true of j-c? great and jJal^i small, 93. 3. (1), 99. 1. 8 8 . )ViVi i| 5 dhim omo, of the day, (1) This is the second kind of the genitive constructions, 97. A. (2) 5 is aspirated according to, 10. 1. (3). (3) Olaph prosthetic quiesces in the ' which has been thrown back on the preceding ?, 34. 2, 20, Bern. 2. 89. l-cisaso w^khau-k^bhe, and the stars, (1) The first Kaph has Eukhokh after a half- vowel; the second has Kushoy after a diphthong, 10. (2) ] is the sign of the masc. plur. emph. ; the two dots are Rebbuy, 13, 76. 3. 2. Observations. 51. All Infinitives have the preformative ^. 52. "We have had, so far, three ways of denoting the genitive re- lationship. 7g MANUAL. PAET L (1) p;ie ^^^^ '^s. 6. JicoOTZ JLs] vs. 2. - (2) ]Vii? 11:^1^ vs. 11. |^v^^5 P^aX9( vs. 14. (3) ]oi.X? ouJo? vs. 2. 53. The Preformative of all Participles except the P'al, is iao. The only mark to distinguish the Infinitive from the first form of the Participle is the ending o and the vowel before the last radical. 54. Participles have the inflection of nouns. 55. The preformatives of Infinitives and Participles have the same vowels as the Imperfect of their respective stems. 56. The preformative of the P*'al stem is , e. g. ^.4.^^ 77, .oooii 74 ; the Pa* el stem has a half-vowel with the preformative, e. g, \^^'.^ 16; the Aph'el has" e. g. lis) 72, ^^oUio 84. The preformatives of all the reflexive or passive stems are all followed by Z e.g. \\^LA 57, .Q-iosiJ 55, '^^jpjo 65. 57. Attributive adjectives follow their nouns and agree with them in gender, number and definiteness. .3. Grammar. 1. Review the suff'ormatives and preformatives of the P*'al Imper- fect; and form with the aid of these the Imperfects of all the derived stems, 45, 47. 2. 12, 77. 3. Review 76. 18. 13 -18. 45. 4. Word List. ua^l io crucify, wsLs to write. ^01 to go. V-^^wa a book, V 4ln to assemble. | ^^^" sun. ^^j-d4 to draw near, 5 V.^ifi because. -*^^( to swarm. _:* from. %.ai0oZZ| to add. ^ns to command. ? ^^ * N >| those which. ps when. MANUAL. PAET I. 79 5. Exercises. 1. The sun will be seen for the rule (that) of the day. 2. God made great stars for signs and for times. 3. The sun and the stars shall be shining in the expanse of heaven to give light upon the earth and they shall be the signs of the seasons of the days and of the years. 4. To divide; he shall divide; they shall divide; dividing; they divided; divided. 5. Crucify them; let them be crucified; thou shalt be crucified. 6. Thou shalt go in darkness because thou hast drawn near and hast taken from the fruits of (?) the tree. 7. The waters (pi) were assembled into one place and swarmed because God had so com- manded. 8. Two books (two the books) shall be added to those which have been written and thou shalt write them when they shall be written. LESSON SEVEN. Gen. 1. 17-23. 1. Notes. 7 90. v^su*o w^yahh, and (he) gave. (1) The line ander oi is linea occultans, 11. (2) wsoil is the P^'al Perfect first form, see 64. 7. The usual first form for a Pe Yudh verb would be v^su. 58. 91. .qJ] 'ewwim, them. There is no pronominal suffix for the 3rd plural with verbs. In its stead, the personal independent pronoun is used, 36. 2. 92. - ^v^ ^OTV 7eniAc7f-7/T/ to ruU over. This is the P^'al Infin. from w.jL^ Cf. 77. 93. 1^9 ]? dharb^^o, which is four. (1) This is a relative clause 136. (2) The cardinal after the relative may take the place of the ordinal 110B. 94. .al^jJ narh^shun, let (them) swarm. (1) Nun is the preformative of the 3rd person Imperf. everywhere except in the 3rd fem. sing. (2) ^o is the ending of the masc. plural Imperf. 80 MANUAL. PABT I. (3) P*tlioho with the preformative is the sign of the Aph'el stem, 41.3. 95. ]^'i rah-sho, a swarm. (1) This is an a class segholate in the emphatic singular, 67. (2) Kebbuy shows that the noun is a collective, see 90. 1. 96. ]L.^^ hay-yHhOj living. (1) The Rukhokh under the Tau shows that the preceding Yudh is doubled; since if ay were a simple diphthong Tau would have Kushoy, 10. 2. (3) Rem. (2) |2w is the sign of the fem. sing, emphatic, 76. 2. 97. |^~ii^ po-ra-hHho, bird. (1) The fem. abs. is \.M'f.3 po-r^ho; in the emphatic the short vowel is retained in order to avoid the coming together of three con- sonants at the beginning of a syllable, 16. 2, 33. 2. (2) The participle is here used as a noun, 118. 98. >^\^Ztheph-rGh, let (her) fly. (1) The preformative Z is the sign of the 3rd fem. sing. Imperf. (2) The sufiformative ^ is sometimes found with the 3rd sing. Imperf. Cf. ^si 62. (3) Yudh is otiose, 24. 3. (4) The shows it is in the simple or P^'^al stem. Obs. 56. (5) Pthoho is the usual vowel over the 3rd radical in Lomadh Guttural verbs, 52. 99. c-4-i9|? dhar-hesh, which (they) caused to swarm, (1) 9 has Rukhokh according to 10. 1. (3). It draws back the vowel of Olaph, 34. 2. The Olaph quiesces in the preceding vowel, 25. 1. (2). (2) The Olaph designates the Aph'el stem; the Wau shows the 3rd plural, 41. 3, 43. 6. (3) The AVau is otiose, 24. 2. 100. ^auil^ gen-s^hun, their kind, (1) For uaJ-^, see 66. 3. (2) .ooi is the pronominal suffix of the 3rd plur. masc. with nouns. It is never used with verbs, see 91 and 36, 77. MANUAL. PAET L g| . 101. ]^9dghep'po, of wing. (1) The Kushoy in the Pe is by way of compensation for an assimilated Nun, 10. 2. (2), 18. 1, 67. 2. (6). (2) The root waA is cognate to C]3D. (3) \k^ {)' T) is in the emph. sing. masc. Cf. |nms, UaJ-T. 102. cruttJ-T ffhen-soh, her kind. (1) oi^is equivalent to the Hebrew n, 36. (2) The diacritical point denotes the fern, as distinguished from the masc.'', 6. 6. (2). (3) The fem. suffix refers back to jiu-j^. Cf. 01^1^66, .oouai.^ 100. 103. ^J-o bar-reJchf (he) blessed. (1) The'' over the first radical designates the intensive or Pa'el stem. Cf. jl-^, 41. 2. (2) This is the Perfect, since it has no preformative and cannot be in the Imv. It is in the first form i. e. 3rd masc. sing., since it has no suiformative for gender, number or person, 43. 4. 104. .001^ l^hun, to them. (1) 2^ is a preposition. Cf. vs. 12. (2) .OCT is pronominal suffix 3rd plural masc. See 100. 105. Of^ p'^rau, be fruitful. This the Imv. 2nd. masc. plur. of the simple stem from a Lomadh Olaph root, 60. 4. 106. nSvo a.^0 wa-s^ffhau wa-mHau, and multiply and fill. (1) The vowel with the Wau is a helping vowel, 33. 2. (2) The syllable after Wau is half-open, 17. 1. (3) These are both in the 2nd masc. plur. Imv. P*al. 107. llaLawUD? dha-bh^ya-mt^ which are in the seas. (1) The line under the first i^ is linea occultans. See 61. (2) The singular is ).:a^. (3) The clause is relative. 136. 108. 1^^ thes-g^, let (it) multiply, (1) The preformative Z denotes the 3rd sing. fem. Imperfect; the vowel e used with the preformative designates the simple stem. (2) f shows the root to be Lomadh-Olaph. Cf. joaii 40. ]}^jLZ 57. 82 MANUAL. PART L 109. |.A\niI? the fifth, see 93; waasZ let bring forth, see 98; I-1L.5 creeping thing, see 96. 110. \^2.l^hay-ivH}io\ least, (1) The line above the Wau is called Marhetono, and shows that Wau is to be pronounced without a vowel, 12. 2. (2) The noun is a fern, segholate of the a class, 67. 3. 2. Observations. 58. The Infinitive construct is always preceded by ^. 59. The cardinals preceded by the relative are often used for the ordinals. 60. The inseparable prepositions take pronominal suffixes e. g, ay^ ^oSi^ 104. 61. Nouns take pronominal suffixes e. g. oual^ 66, ovsal^ 102, ^oSuaa-^lOO. 62. The 3rd pers. masc. of the personal pronoun is not suffixed to the verb, see vs. 17, 22. 63. Final Wau and Yudh do not take the linea occultans, when unpronounced e. g. ^^j.sZ 98, o.A^h\} 99. 64. Nun is the preformative of the 3rd pers. Imperf. everywhere except in the 3rd fern. sing, where we have Tau. 65. .0 is the ending of the masc. plur. Imperfect; o of the masc. plur. Perf. and Imv. 66. Collectives sometimes take Eebbuy, see 96 and 90. 66a. At the end of a syllable, Nun is assimilated to the succeeding consonant, which is then doubled. See 101, 109. 3. Grammab Lesson. (1) Personal pronouns and pronominal suffixes 35, 36. 2. (2) 32, 48, 49, 50. (3) w^ou to give, 64. 7. (4) Review, 19--25. MANUAL. PART I. 83 4. Word Lesson. w^L^A/ to rule. 9012] to shine. wAAA/ to forsake, ^^^JLcLm] to oley. 7 7 fja^ to make. fS ivhen. ^A^ to teach. ^bo v.^ better then. i^A^ to baptize. 5. Exercises. 1. God gave the smaller light for the ruling of the night and the stars to shine upon the earth and to separate between the light and (to) the darkness. 2. He made the great lights to rule over the day and over the night and when he saw them he said that (it was) good. 3. God taught the birds (sing.) to fly upon the face of the firmament of heaven. 4. Every living soul was taught to obey God who created all and blessed them and said to them: Obey God and ye shall be blessed; forsake God and He will destroy the great seamonsters and every living soul which creepeth (Participle absolute fern, sing.) and every bird of wing which shall multiply in the earth. 5. Ye shall be baptized with water and with the Spirit, which brooded over the face of the waters when God created the heavens and the earth and all which was in them. 6. To obey is better than to rule. LESSON EIGHT. Gen. L 2431. 1. Notes. 111. )..A^V ai^o and all of it (to wit) the creeping things. (1) 01 is a pronominal suffix agreeing in gender and number with the collective j.-'^'* (2) ).^-9 is in apposition with oi . (3) For the construction, see 108. 1. (4) and 94. 6. (1). 112. >^oiim1 ^S according to its kinds. (1) M^oio is the form of the pronominal suffix 3rd sing. masc. with plural nouns, 77. 84 MANUAL.-PAETI. (2) Eebbuy shows the plural noun. The noun singular with the 3rd masc. suffix would be ouaJLT. (See 66). 113. i^M let us make. (1) J is the preformative of the 1st pers. plur. Imperf., 47. Rem. 4. (2) This Imperf. is of the i class V.jloi, 46. 114. {.jLiI nosho, man. The Olaph has the linea occultans and is not pronounced. It shows the root, 19. 1. (1). 115. ^^Sn\^o in our image. (1) a is the inseparable preposition, 34. (2) . is the pron. suffix 1st plural, 36. (3) La^, is an a class segholate in the sing, masculine, 67 79. 116. ^z:^9 our likeness. (1) ^as in 115. 2. (2) ^aic5 is a feminine construct from oic? emphatic IZoicj, 75. 8. 117. ^Q4^^i^ let them rule. (1) J is the sign of the 3rd plur. P'al, 45. 2. (2) .o*^ designates the masc. plur. (3) The sign under ^ is Mehagyono, see 12. 1. 118. J"aJ fishes of. (1) w. is the sign of the masc. plur. constr., 76. 3. Cf. wLs) 13. (2) The two dots are Eebbuy. 119. w.4-9? which creepeth. Cf. ww^-j-s 44. j-alk 69. 120. >c?P lo-dom, man. (1) Olaph throws back its vowel and quiesces, 25. 1. (2). (2) Lomadh is used in Syriac before the direct object, 123. 121. 01 v\. his image. (1) Absolute of noun=>a^^; construct, >c^^ as in the phrase >a^^ jffii which follows: emphatic |.\^\^. (2) Q^^ hut n.la^^, f\.kclI.A.o and (he) finished. (1) The vowel with the first radical shows that this is the intensive or Pa el stem, 41. 2. (2) Tlie " of the 2nd radical is obscured from '', 29. 2. (3) Being without sufformative, this must be the 1st form i. e. the 3rd masc. sing., 43. 4. 132. \lh.^L^ the sixth, (1) This is an ordinal number. Of. |2la,? 129. See 88. IE. (2) Ordinal numbers, like other adjectives, follow their nouns and agree in gender, number and definiteness, 1 1 0. B. 88 MANUAL. PAET I. 133. ^aiOf^ilL his works. (1) Eebbuy show the noun to be plural, 13. (2) -.Aoio^'is the 3rd sing. masc. pron. suffix, see 112, 36. 134. fi^^ da-'^bhadh, which he made. (1) ? has Kushoy after the diphthong, 10. 1. (3). (2) The fact that wS has Kukhokh shows that L has a half-vowel and that the first syllable is half-open, 10. 1. (2), 17. 4. 135. > ittl^ZJo and he rested himself, (1) This is the reflexive from jJ to rest, 41. 4, 59. 3. (2) Since it has no sufformative, it must be the first form, i. e. the 3rd sing, masc, 43. 4. 136. ) >S ^ 4< the seventh. This is the ordinal from Va^ seven, 88. n. 137. oufc-j-o kad'd^sheh, sanctified it, (1) The dot over the ? is Kushoy and shows that the a is doubled. The form is intensive, the second radical being doubled, 41. 2, 10. 2. (2). (2) 01* is the pron. suffix 3rd sing. masc. Cf. 01^11^66, gi.LQ^t 121. 138. '^M^ because and Va all are the only words in which is written defectively, 5. 5. 139. y^SV^ bi/ making. See 120. 1. (4) for this use of the Infinitive and compare the Hebrew. 140. ]Zf.^oZ generations. (1) Eebbuy and ]Z designate the feminine plural emphatic. (2) The first Z is prefixed, the form of the noun being \4-dZ. The root is ^^ to bear, 74. 3. 141. l^H?o a^l of the earth. (1) The inseparable particles retain their helping vowel, when the succeeding consonant has a vowel thrown back from a following Olaph ; so wa-dhar-o, not w^dhar-o, 34. 3. Bern, 2. (2) "When a noun is in connection with two or more succeeding geni- tives, each of the latter is preceded by 5, 97. A. Rem. 2. 142. Q-J^Z) theg were created. MANUAL. PABT I. 39 (1) Z| is the sign of a reflexive or passive stem. The absence of a vowel after Z or s show it to belong to the simple passive or Ethp'el, 41.4. (2) Waw designates the 3rd plural, 43. (3) Yudh shows that the root is Lomadh Yudh (called Lomadh Olaph, see 60). (4) For the diphthong iu, see 8. 1. (3). 143. t-^? *^ tvhich (he) made. The preposition is often omitted from the relative clause, 136. 6. Rem. 1. 144. 00 51 (thei/) had been is in the 3rd plur. Perfect from jooi fern Zocji. The two dots under the word are meant to distinguish the verb as denoting existence from the same verb used as an enclitic copula. Compare: ]otn vs. 6 with ]oe% vs. 7 and oooi vs. 25. 145. |.i^] had gone out. (1) The first Olaih is prosthetic, 20. 1. (2) Yudh quiesces in' according to 25, 3, 58. 1. Rem. 2. (3) The form is the 3rd masc. sing. P'al, the verb being both Pe Yudh and Lomadh Olaph, 58, 60. 146. lL] (he) caused to come down. (1) The form is Aph'el from .Ij, the Nun being assimilated. Cf. L-as] 69. It is the first form of the Apli el i. e. 3rd masc. sing. Perfect, 53. 2. (2) is derived from an original , 29. 2. 147. Iv.J:I was not, is contracted from )] & ^|, 65. Tau has Kushoy after the diphthong, 10. 2. (3). 148. llo^ mist. The root is ^^^^ to well. The form is "^o-Juoi^, the Nun being assimilated and the i: doubled. Cf. I^^os).^ 128 and see 18. 1, 74. 2. (5). 149. loci ^ nSm used to go up. (1) .ji^a is the active part. P'al first form; see 46. It is in the ab- solute state because a predicate, 93. 3. (2) a. (2) ]oci is enclitic and hence the a\ has the linea occultans and is unpronounced 64. 5, 127. 1. Cf. oosi 144, Zooi, ]ooio vs. 19. M 90 MANUAL. -PART I. (3) The Perf. of jooi after the part, denotes continuous or repeated action or state, 127. 3. (3). 150. jooi jn aV) was watering. (1) The construction is the same as that in 149. 2, 3. (2) The Pai-t. is the first form of the Aph'el, as is shown by ^ pre- fixed with ^ 41. 3, 50. 2. (3) The first fonn is iLk,. Cf. jSoi, |^. 151. v^oiosjJd in his nostrils. (1) s is the preposition with the vowel of Olaph drawn back. (2) Olaph quiesces according to 25. 1. (2). (3) ^OTo is the ending of the 3rd masc. sing, suffix with pluralnouns. 77. (4) The two dots over o are Rebbuy ; the one over .s is Kushoy after a consonant; the one over s is Kushoy denoting the doubling to compensate for the assimilated Nun, 10, 12. 152. ill life, lit. lives. 153. >a.^ ^ from (the) front, i. e. from the east. 154. >a^ {lie) put. This is the first form of a verb E "Wau contracted from >cai5, 59. 2. Observations. 7 5. Most verbs have in the first form ; some intransitive verbs have ; two verbs have o , 41. 1 . 76. The vowel occurs everywhere in the Pa' el stem after the first radical. 77. Ordinal numbers are formed from the radicals of the cardinals by putting a half-vowel after the first radical, a' after the second, and li' after the third, 88. 78. The inseparable particles take a helping vowel before an un- vowelled consonant and form with it a half-open syllable. 79. Whether a form is P'al or Pa'el depends often upon the usus lo- quendi, e.g. ails>^ maybe either katleh, or katt^leh, i. e. simple or intensive. The sense and not the writing(which is the same in both)determines the stem. 80. Nouns may be formed by prefixing i>e or Z to the root, e. g. 81. The Imperative has only a 2nd person. MANUAL. PABT I. 91 3. Grammar. (1) The Perfect of the verb with suffixes, 51. A. B. (2) Quantity of vowels, 28. (3) Eeview, 43, 44. 4. Word Lists. wA^^ to forsake, \4^ to Jcill. V^ojk/ to weigh. ar5 {n the midst of the garden. (1) For the genitive construction compare jsi-X? at^oh 15. See 97 B. (2) For ^^ and oiiju^Lo, see 42 and 15. 160. oiZn i n ^SnS to water it. (1) Ik is the preposition; (ji*the pron. suffix 3rd sing. masc. (2) S^ is the sign of the Part, and Infin. of the Aph'el, 49, 50. (3) zkl designates the Infin. construct ; the absolute would end in oa. . Cf. cbki:^ 85. (4) Yudh belongs to the root, which is Lomadh Yudh (Olaph), 60. 161. |ji-?i.alih to wit, the park. This is in apposition with m ; the ^ may in such cases be rendered by ^'to wit^\ see 123. 2. (7). 162. ^ |oa^, see 87. 29. (2) ,^5 is a relative phrase limiting the pronominal suffix and not the noun, see 136. 4. MANUAL.-PABT L 03 (3) This clause takes the place of the ordinal, 110. B. 165. ?,-? oai It is that, which is surrounding. (1) ?=that which, see 104. 2. (2) Bern. (2) The phrase is a predicative substantive clause, 135. 2. (3) The Participle has instead of because of the h, see 52. 3. (4) cn is the demonstrative pronoun 3rd masc. sing. 35. It has the point over to distinguish it from ooi, 6. 6. (1). 166. 01 ^n\ all. (1) ^ is the sign of the direct object, 123. (2) The participle governs a noun. 167. ^Ij where, introduces a relative clause, 104. 4, 136. 168. (M0I5O iv^dha-bhohj and the gold of it. The Rukkokh under the ) shows that the noun is not a segholate, but one which had origin- ally two short vowels, i. e. dahabh, 68. The segholate would be oijsai) dah-boh, like aua.^gen-so. 169. (1) wJoi that, is a demonstrative pronoun limiting land. It follows its noun when attributive and agrees with it in gender and number. (2) The point above the He stands for o and shows that hog not hi is to be read, 6. 6. (2) b. Compare Gren. III. 12 for ^oi. 170. v-i4 good, is the predicative adjective. It agrees with its sub- ject in gender and number, but not in definiteness, 93. 3. (2). 171. |.i1j2 the second, is an ordinal form for ^^-^i- Above in vs. 11 and below in vs. 14, the cardinal preceded by j is used in its stead, 110. B. 172. >c?y the man, ^ with the direct object, 123. 173. 01 nn^ shabh-keh, left him. (1) The Rukkokh under the s shows that it is not doubled. The form is, therefore, not Pael, but P^'al. Cf. 137 and see, 41. 2. (2) oi" is the pron. suffix. 3rd sing. masc. 174. <^oin i JtN^il? that he might till it. (1) 5 introduces the clause of purpose, 137. 4. (2) sAoia- is the form of the 3rd sing. pron. suffix with the Imperf., 51. D. 2. 94 MANUAL. PAET L (3) In "^"'^ (from - ^Vq^ 46) Nun is the sign of the 3rd pers.; the absence of sufformatives shows it to be masc. sing. ; the with the preformative shows the simple stem, 45. Bern. 2, 47. Rem. 4. (4) The 1st plur. Imperfect would also be ^.mJ:;^^. The context alone can determine whether the 1st or 3rd person is meant, 37. Beni. 5. 175. ^oia-j-J^o and keep it. This is the same in every respect as the preceding, except that we have j-JuJ for ^-JOJ the radical Nun being assimilated. Cf. L.as] 72, and see 53. 2. 2. Observations. 82. Lomadh Olaph verbs are mostly those which were originally Lomadh AVau or Yudh. 83. The conjunction Wau, the inseparable prepositions i and !^ and the relative ?, take before a consonant with a half- vowel. 84. The vowel under the 2nd radical of the P'al Imperfect is dropped before suffixes and before sufformatives forming a new syllable. 85. A short vowel may be dropped, volatilized or shifted. 86. A naturally long vowel is unchangeable, 73. 3. Grammar. (1) Euphony of vowels, 29. (2) The Imperfect &c. of the regular verb with suffixes, 5 1 . C. D. E. F. (3) Review 36 and 4547. 4. Word Lesson. ^f if. .^s to till ^^^Jio^ to hear. f^il^ to serve. ^^>i>^^^A>] to obey. > n1 ^ to steal, yffji to bless. ^^L^ to deliver. ws? to follow. l^^^vC^ enemy. uA'i^ to sanctify. MANUAL. PAET L 95 5. Exercises. 1. God will bless you if ye will follow him and serve him. 2. 1 will cause it (fern.) to bring forth herbs and trees which are pleasant (pi.) to see and whose fruits (which their fruits) are good for eating. 3. The river shall water it (masc). 4. Let him bring and leave him in Eden that he may till it and keep it. 5. I shall cause it to surround all the land of Cush. 6. Thou wilt bless us and wilt cause us to see God. 7. I shall kill you; thou wilt bless him; she will forsake you. 8. Thou (fern.) wilt kill him if he shall not obey me. 9. Let him hear me, God said; and I shall bless him and I will sanctify him. 10. Thou (fem.) wilt hear me and obey me and I will hear thee when thou callest. 1 1 . They will steal him and will kill him and will deliver him to his enemies. LESSON ELEVEN. Gen. IL 1620. 1. Notes. 176. oL^k j.^] and said to him. For the indirect object, see 124. For the form, see 34. 2. 177. ^oajz \.a|io thou may est eat. (1) Vcj^ is the absolute Infinitive used to intensify the idea of the verb, 119. 1. The Rukkokh under the Kaph shows that Olaph is quiescent, 10. 1. (2) The verb is in the 2nd masc. sing, like "'^q.^l.dZ except that the Olaph is quiescent, 55. 2. 178. "^a-sji j3 thou shalt not eat. This is the negative of the preced- ing. The negative of the Imperative is expressed by the Imperfect pre- ceded by li, 114. 1. (2), 115. 3. 179. ? V^iio because that. (1) *Eoo is written defectively, 6. 5. (2) This is a common way of introducing the causal adverbial clause, 137. 5. (2). 180. "'^aajZ? in which thou, eatest. The preposition with its pro- 96 MANUAL. PAET I. nominal suffix is omitted, as frequently in temporal clauses, 136. 6. Rem. 1. 181. Za^Z jZaLo the death shalf thou die. (1) fZaio is a segholate noun of the a class; here used instead of the Infinitive absolute, 119. 2. Bern. 1. (2) Zolo^ is the 2nd person masc. sing. Imperf. P^*al for ZoolsoZ, ivii going over into o and the helping vowel of the preformative being volatilized. The root is fi Wau, 29. 7. (1), 59. 2. 182. iocjiJ? that should be &c^ is a substantive subject clause, to which I t'^ki )] is the predicate, 135. 1, 2. 183. >.qio?n >i\n alone. This is a compound of the prepositions o and ^ with the noun 90^*^ unique, followed by the pronominal suffix, 89. B. Bern. 3. 3. 184. jJiil I will make. (1) The Olaph is the preformative for the first person sing. Imperf. (2) The under the second radical signifies an Imperf. of the i class, 46. 1 and cf. 'jn'^. and '!'&} in Hebrew. 185. iJ^jio help. (1) The point over the 5 shows that the form is intensive Dolath being doubled, 41. 2. (2) The :^ points to a participial form of the Pa* el stem, 50. 2. (3) The ending p is often appended to participles to make nomina agentis, 75. 1. 186. oiZaj] like him. This is the form which ^] takes before suf- fixes, 89. B. Bern. 3. 1. 187. ^lJ\o and he brought. (1) The first form is |z|, 64. 4, a Pe Olaph and Lomadh Olaph verb. (2) The Olaph of ^^f denotes the Aph'el stem, 41. 3. (3) For the ending ^ see 155. 188. ]}-*.J? that he might see. (1) The ending f (like n in Hebrew) is the common ending for Lomadh Olaph Imperfects, 60. 3. (2) The clause denotes purpose, 137. 4. Cf. 174. MANUAL. PAET I. 7 189. |J~D lli^ ivhat he was calling. ( 1 ) This is an indirect question introduced by the interrogative pronoun jjic, 132. 6. Rem. The sentence is an object substantive clause, 135. 3. (2). (2) On 1^ see 162 and 60. 5. 190. ooi OCT hau hu, that is. (1) 01 with a dot above the oi is hau the demonstrative pronoun, ooi with a dot below the en is the personal pronoun hu, 6. 6. (1), 35, 37. (2) The demonstrative tn resumes and is in apposition with the sub- stantive clause, beginning with Vs, which precedes it. The clause with Va is equivalent to a noun absolute, 95. 3, 135. 1. (3) 01 is the copula, 101. 191. ]oi.isaA^ names. This is an irregular plural from pa^ name, 86. 14, 87. 29. y " 192. wifca^u^l V there was not found. (1) W.A. and L. have been transposed, 21. 1. (2) It is Ethpe'el as is shown (a) by the absence of a vowel before or after the L. (which her after transposition takes the place of the first radical), (6) by the non-doubling of the second radical. (3) By there being but two syllables; the intensive and causative passive having three. (4) According to form, this might be the 1st pers. sing. Imperf., or the 3rd masc. Perf. : the sense requires the latter. 2. Observations. 87. Imperfects may have a, i, or u, under the 2nd. radical of the Pe*al. 88. The same form is often used in different senses, the sense in a particular case is to be determined by the context, e. g. w.fcs2ui,? , ^ouLLciJ. 89. Clauses are substantive, adjective, or adverbial, 135. 90. Notice the difference in mood denoted by the Imperfect in vs. 1618, 114. 9a MANUAL. PABT I. 3. Grammar. (1) Lomadh Olaph verbs, 60. (2) Lomadh Olaph verbs with suffixes, 61. (3) Review, 27. 4 . Word Lesson. ]}^ to see. ILo to he full. \4jo to decline. ^Qa to shoiv. st'fM to rejoice. ^^ to pray. sA^^^ to be at rest. ]^ho} ivay. sAttJ to tempt. v*s5 to purify. w^ iL-fL It displeased. w.^1 to magnify. >f^] like (before suffixes 89. B. 1). ).^aJ soul. ]Lch to cast. |^^a-o truth. |i^ to willy wish. \Zoll joy. ]f to call. 5. Exercises. 1. Adam was commanded to call names to all the beasts. 2. He rejoiced when he saw that God h^d created the woman (for a) helper corresponding to him. 3. Ye have declined from the way and have tempted God who wished to give you rest (V stem). 4. It displeased God that Adam hid himself in a tree which was in Paradise, because he had eaten of the tree of the knowledge of good and of evil. 5. Let us pray to God that he may show to us his will and that he may not cast us from paradise. 6. Rejoice, my soul, and magnify the Lord God because he hath heard thee when thou didst pray to him. 7. Purify thy way and decline not from the truth, rejoice and cause thy soul to rest in God and he will fill thee (with) joy and show thee his truth and thy soul shall be purified. 8. When God shall see that it is not good MANUAL -PAET I. 99 that I shall be alone he will make for me a helper corresponding to me. 9. God formed them and brought them to Adam that He might see what he was calling them. LESSON TWELVE. Gen. IL 2125. 1. Notes. 193. s^h]o and he cant. Aph'el Perf. 1st form. Cf. ^of 155, ^M 187. 194. >^9o and he slept* (1) "Wau has a helping vowel and with it forms a half-open syllable, 17. 4, 33. 2. (2) <^? instead of s^? because intransitive, 41. 1. (2). 195. j-^o]o and he closed. Aph'el 1st form. Cf. 193, 155, 187. 196. gi.rt^i in place of it. > S,t^ like many other prepositions takes the plural construct form before the pron. suffixes, 77. 4. 197. s nmj? which he had taken. (1) The clause is adjective, 136. (2) The Perfect is used in the sense of our Pluperfect, 112. 1. (3). 198. ]ZJJJ to a woman. (1) The preposition ^ draws back the vowel the Olaph quiescing, 34.2. (2) The line with the Nun is linea occultans, 11. (3) The word is the indirect obj ect, the verb governing two obj ects, 125.3. p . y 199. ou^|o way-t^yoh, and he brought her. (1) 01" is the pron. suffix 3rd fem. (Cf. oiil^ 102), 61. (2) ^lJ\ is the same form as >^hJ\ 190, the original consonantal y, remaining before the suffix the preceding vowel having been volatilized i. e. aytl becomes ay-t^yoh, 7. 3. (2) 6. 200. lis] jJoi this time. (1) poi is a demonstrative pronoun, 37. 1. (2) The pronoun may precede or follow its noun, 102. 1. 201. .aLo-^ wy hones. The form of the const, plur. masc. is the same as that of the const, plur. masc. with the suffix 1st sing., 77. 1. 1 00 MANU A L PART I. 202. sya besr^, wy flesh. (1) An appended Yudh designates my, 36. (2) The final Yudh in words like this is pronounced like e, 31. 3, Bern. 1. 203. |nifti3 {was she) taken, is the passive Part. P*al fern. sing, absolute, 50. 1, 76. 2. 204. ^^^^"^ (he) shall forsaJce. (1) The Nun prefixed denotes the 3rd person of the Imperfect. (2) The o shows it is an Imperfect in t* of the simple stem, 46. 3. Note. 205. v9ia.{] la-bhu, his father. (1) ^01 is the pronominal suffix 3rd sing. masc. after a vowel, 36. (2) oi] is the form of j-c) before suffixes, 87. 1. (3) The Olaph throws back its vowel to the Lomadh and quiesces in the P^thoho, 32. 3, 25. 2. (4) Lomadh is used in Syriac before the direct as well as before the indirect object, 123. 2. (3). 206. waoJo and he shall cleave. (1) This is the 3rd. pers. sing. masc. Imperf. form ^alj, the Nun having been assimilated. It is to be pronounced nekkaph, from nenkaph, 18, 53. (2) Notice that there is no Waw conversive in Syriac. 207. .c(a-.9Z the two of them. ^'"iZ is the construct of the Dual ^iJ. 52. On the Dual in Syriac, see 76. 5. 208. 'fSio f.^ one flesh. (1) For the order see, 99. 1. Rem. 1. (2) The predicate noun adjective or participle is commonly put in the absolute state, 93. 4. (2). 209. .^A^'LifL naked. (1) The ^^is the sign of the masc. plur. absolute, 76. 3, 93. 4. (2). (2) Notice the coincidence of the diacritical point of the r with one point of Rebbuy, 13. 2. 210. ^Z3u boh-ttn, ashamed. (1) This is the Act. part, of the simple stem intheabs.plur., 50. 1,76. 3. MANUAL. PART,!., /,''^ > _ ; ]' '.,:>'', '\ ', '' ^ \ ;^t)l 2) The singular is ZoLd, but the short vowel e is lost and the Tau hardened when an affix is appended. See 30. 1, and compare 31. 3. Rem. 1. 2. Observations. 91. There is no "Waw conversive or consecutive in Syriac. 92. Syllables may be open, closed, or half-open, 17. 93. Aw does not contract into o in Syriac. 94. A Dual occurs in a few instances. 95. Changeable vowels may be dropped in inflection, 7. 3. e. g. 96. The predicate adjective agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, but not in state, e. g. jntTtn, ,^> TN j-^ 97. The rules for the assimilation of Nun are the same in Syriac as in Hebrew. 98. Lomadh may be used in Syriac before the direct as well as before the indirect object. 99. Attributives usually follow the nouns, but occasionally they precede. 100. Attributives agree with their nouns in gender, number, and state. 101. In stative verbs, the vowel in usually c. 102. Some prepositions take the plural form before suffixes. 3. Grammar. (1) Pe Olaph Verbs, 55. (2) Peculiarities of Gutturals, 26. (3) Review, 24, 25, 76, 77. 4. Word Lesson. ^m\ to seize. V. to close. ^M to bring. ^^1 to go out. waX to learn. III. to teach* \z] to come, %.s| to mourn. ;02 ' ' ' MANUAL PART L fjo] to bind. jsi^ to remember, %JL upon, for (before suffixes >o,-o before (Plural form before ^i:^. See 77. 4.). suffixes). 5. Exercises. 1. Adam slept because a sleep had been cast upon him and one of his ribs was taken and the flesh was closed in place of it; and the rib which had been taken from Adam was formed into a woman whom God brought to Adam. 2. And when Adam saw her he said: this shall be called woman and because that she is flesh of my flesh shall the two of us be one flesh. 3. Go ye out and say to the woman that I will bind her and teach her not to mourn for her. 4. Bring her to me and I will teach her to go out and to come in before thee. 5. Re- member God and he has remembered thy father and thy mother. 6. They shall be blessed who mourn. 7. His flesh was eaten. 8. I shall learn all that thou wilt teach me because I am not ashamed to learn. 9. I shall teach and ye shall learn all that is written in this good book. LESSON THIRTEEN. Gen. m. 15. 1. NOIES. '^'ll. ]oCT ^CLt^ was cunning. '{\) |ooi is enclitic after a participial adjective predicate, 127. 10, and hence the m has the linea occultans, 11. (2) The participle is the simple passive in the absolute singular, 50. 1. 212. ^ from. ((I) The point beneath shows that it is to be read men not man or mon, 6. 6. (1). (2) Men after the adjective denotes the comparative, 101. 1. 213. 01.^ every. (1) The point above shows that the suffix is the feminine oi and not the masculine oi*. See 102 and 6. 6. (2) 6. MANUAL -PART L IO3 (2) For tlie construction, see 108. 1. (4), 97. B. Rem. 4. 214. j-als.? which (he) had made. (1) ) introduces the relative or adjective clause which limits ]Zcui-i, 136. (2) The Perfect here denotes our Pluperfect, 112. 1. (3). 215. IcntX is in apposition with i-*i^, 94. 1 216. ^JJHi-^ ^''w^y- (1) l^] is the common ending for adverbs, 89. A. 3. (2) t4^ f*V|.s, 94. 1. 223. '^Q-sJ.J tve may eat. For the use of the Imperfect as our Potential mood, see 114. 2. 224. .oZa^soZ |J? lest ye die. This is an adverbial clause of result, 137. 4. 225. ^SeV is an Inf. Absolute from l^ to die. It is here used adverbially to strengthen the cognate verb following, 119. 1. (1) a. Compare the Hebrew. 226. 5 '^-^ because that, introduces an adverbial clause of cause or reason, 137. 5. (2). 104 MANUAL.-PAET I. 227. ^^ (he) Mows is the Perfect used as a Present like the Greek 2nd Perfect, 112. 2. (1). 228. 5 i.:^Q-i.) that in the day that. (1) The ? introduces an objective substantive clause, 135. 3. (2) ? jv^i^ introduces an adverbial clause of time, 137. 2. The whole clause is equivalent to "when" and introduces the protasis, 138. 3. (3). 229. ^^Iks]? in ichich [ye\ shall he eating of. (1) The Participle here denotes a state or continuous action. The time is made future by the clause "in the day in which", 116. 1. (2). (2) The ? is a relative adjective agreeing with \^o^^ 104. 1. (4). 230. ,--^^:ac mith-pat't^hon, shall be opened. (1) Participle formed by ie prefixed, 50. 2; the first Z shows the Reflexive, 41. 4 ; the Kushoy over the second Z shows the In- tensive, 41. 4; the ^ shows the fern, plur., 76. 4. (2) The Participle is in the future tense since it introduces an apodosis, which depends on a protasis which is not yet fulfilled. 231. .nn^ltSyoMr eyes. The noun is in the dual construct, 76. 5. (2). Since the participle has no dual, it is put in the plural, 99. 2. 232. .o2?-c<3i ye shall be. This is the Act. P*al Part, plural and the 2nd pers. plur. personal pronoun, which have coalesced. See 35. 2. Note. 233. vJLlk,-* knowers of. The Part. Act. P*'al in the construct plural before an object, 118. 2. The order of time is not involved in the form but only in the connection, 116. 2. Observations. 103. 1 001 when it follows the predicate is enclitic and the He is unpronounced securing the linea occultans, vs. 1 ; but when the subject precedes or the sentence is verbal the He is pronounced, see Gen. 1.2. 104. The predicate is in the absolute state, unless it be a noun which has no absolute state or unless it is meant to be specially determined. MANUAL.- PART I. 105 104 a. The comparative is usually expressed by putting the adjective first, in agreement as to gender and number with the noun to be compared, e. g. Va~*^ is the adjective, and ]^q.m is the noun to be compared. The idea with which the comparison is made is preceded by ,-iao, e. g. ]Za-i-i Vs. 105. Observe that a point above denotes ^ or o as distinguished from e, e. g. ^Jic=men, but _i^=waw or mon, aC:i^=kuUoh, aC^skulleh. 106. 5 may be either a demonstrative pronoun like nt, or a relative pronoun (like ^IT or Ji* used relatively) or a conjunction. 107. Observe that there are in this lesson three ways of expressing the genitive relation. (1) Ij-c?? |Zn>ii vs. 1. (2) | ^ "^ "| ^'ij^ vs. 2. X a: (3) \sa^y^} oii^wlsas vs. 3. 108. The form V.^ in this lesson denotes, (1) a simple past, e. g. Icci vs. 1, (2) a pluperfect, ,-ai* vs. 1, (3) a present perfect, e.g. the second '^\ in vs. 1, (4) a present (Grreek 2nd perfect) ''s.^ vs. 5. 109. "\Ve have in this lesson specimens of the three kinds of de- pendent sentences, (1) substantive e. g. in the object clauses beginning with |3? vs. 1, ^^5 vs. 2, the first jJ? vs. 3, jicols? vs. 5, (2) adjective e. g. in the relative clauses beginning with i-r^i^? vs. 1, jjau^j^^? vs. 2, ci2vL^liar:5 vs. 3, ^^jN-"]? vs. 5, (3) adverbial, e. g. in the clause of result ^ZaiscZ ]]? vs. 3, and in the causal clause ? V^u^ao vs. 5, 110. There is no way in Syriac to distinguish between the negative of the Imperfect and that of the Imperative, i. e. \qJ^Z P is ^thou Shalt not hilt' or ^hill not". |3 is both o'j and jjltj, 6aJ8 to put. Ij-.? habitation, divelling, fi.-^ to die. \L] hand, 87. 2. w^^ to curse. >.j^S head. ,J io shake. ]Lc1js covenant. '^1 to be moved. 13? lest. flL, to watch. jLl^^^ city. ua^ II. to be anxious. ? >cj-o before. ^ - 1 to prepare. 5. Exercises. 1. The beast of the field ate the fruits of the trees which (were) in the midst of the paradise. 2. The woman said to the serpent that the beast which (was) in the field prudent was from [was more prudent than] every serpent of paradise. 3. The man shall eat of the fruits which (are) in the field all of them. 4. I shall not eat of it because I know that in the day that I eat ( 35. 2) of it I shall surely (abs. Inf.) die. 5. Ye have cursed God and he will prepare a habitation for you. 6. The woman stood and put her hand upon my head and said: Ac- cursed (be) thou and mayest thou die (thou shalt die) because thou hast been defiled. 7. Watch ye (II stem) lest ye shall be defiled. 8. The whole city was moved because the dwellings had been shaken (VI stem). 9. He was anxious lest they should establish (cause to stand) a covenant with the city. 10. I died that ye might not die. 1 1 . Put thy hand on his head and bless him before he die. MANUAL PART I. 107 LESSON FOURTEEN. Gen. m. 614. 1. Notes. 234. i-i^? that [was] good. (1) 9 introduces the object clause, 135. 3. (2) I -^'^^^ is the predicate, placed regularly and in the absolute state, 99. 2. (3) The clause is nominal, 130. 1. 235. coijiuU reg-gHhau. (1) The ooi is enclitic, and hence its oi is silent and its u coalesces with the preceding original a into au or aw, 101, 23. 4. (2) The noun has no absolute state. If it had we would expect to find it here. But see also, 93. 2. (1). 236. \ i*Vi\ to see or for seeing. (1) The preposition takes a before the unvowelled consonant, 34. 3. (2) I -^ comes from mehwar from mahwar; wa going over regularly into 0, 59. 1, 29. 5. (3). 237. [^].sZ| were opened. (1) The final Yudh is found in some manuscripts and omitted in others. It is the sign of the fem. plural, 43. 5. (2) The Reflexive is used here as a Passive, 41. 4. (2) The Kushoy over the L. denotes doubling and hence the intensive stem, 41. 2 and 10. 2. (2). 238. They made for themselves garments. For the construction of a verb with a direct and an indirect object, see 125. 3. (2). 239. x^oiio [as he was] walking. (1) The form is the intensive participle abs. sing., 50. 2. (2) The construction corresponds to the Hal in Arabic, e. g. the accusative of condition, 137. 7. 240. Ilco-i? 01 *i^\ lit. at the turnings of that which is day, 97. B. 241. [a].i-4-^z] they hid themselves, (1) Some manuscripts omit o. 108 MANUAL.-PAET I. (2) The masculine gender is preferred in the verb, when it has two subjects one masculine and the other feminine, 121. 6. Rem, 2. (3) The Eeflexive sense is brought out clearly in this form. 242. lZ}^ for hezt/eth from haz(d)yith, 29. 4. (4), 60. 1. 243. olL who [is] he. The form is a contraction of man and hu, 39. Rem. 4. 244. -^^^ haw-w^yokh. The verb is the Pa*el Perfect of the Lomadh Olaph verb. sxm with the pronominal suffix of the 2nd masc. sing., 61. 245. I ^t"^? which I commanded thee, (1) > must be taken along with oO^ and translated "from which", 104. 2. Rem, (2) ? introduces a relative clause limiting |TNt|, 136. (3) Pakkedhtokh is the intensive Perf. 1st. sing, with the pron. suff. 2nd masc. sing. 51. 3. 246. \^hS\ the woman is resumed by s^oi. It stands in the nominative absolute, 95. 3. 247. alLo what [is] he. The form is contracted from mono and hu^ 39. Rem. 4, 23. 4. The hu is here used as copula, the demonstrative limited by the relative making the predicate, 101. 248. vZ,-ai!? which thou (f.) hast done. The ending >Z is derived from ^Ll\ 2nd fem. sing. pers. pron., 35. 1, 43. 249. v.ll^[ We-y6. (1) The line under 'fi is Mehagyono, 12. 1. (2) ^ is the pron. suffix of the 1st sing. 36. 1. (3) The Olaph denotes the causative stem, 42. 3. (4) The Yudh shows that the verb is a Lomadh Olaph (Yudh) verb, 60. 250. I -^ cursed is the pass. part, of the simple stem from the fi "Waw verb, awi going over into *, 59. 3. 251. <,ilL thy lives, 36. 1. 2. Observations. 113. Nominal clauses are those which have a noun for predicate, e. g, the clauses beginning with , i^4>? vs. 6; ,^i>S^p.? vs. 7; \k*] MANUAL. PART I. 109 VS. 9 ; Jillr^? vs. 1 0, and vs. 11; oli^ vs. 13; w^ui^ vs. 1 4. Verbal sentences are those whose predicate and copula are a verbal form, e. g* the sentences beginning with Z\t^o vs. 6, ^nml vs. 7 etc. 114. As in Hebrew, the personal pronoun is frequently used as a copula, vss. 6, 1 1 and 13. 115. The personal pronouns may be used to emphasize the persons denoted by the forms of the verb, compare >aoi, vs. 12. 116. The Infinitive is really a verbal noun i. e. it is governed like a noun and governs like a verb, e. g. Va)v^\ for eating^ \ iVi\ for looking at, vs. 6. See 120. 117. The same forms are used to denote the Keflexive and Passives. For the former compare n > 4 ^Z] vs. 8, for the latter s*^LsZ| vs. 7. 118. The participle when used like the Arabic accusative of con- dition is indefinite but agrees with its antecedent in number and gender. 119. "When the relative is to be governed by a preposition the re- lative 9 is placed first as usual and the preposition follows with a pro- nominal suffix agreeing in gender and number and person with the antecedent of the relative. 120. Nouns are frequently placed in an abnormal position at the beginning of a sentence, their place in the sentence being assumed by a pronoun, e. g. ]ZL2] vs. 12. 121. The relative time of the participles is to be gathered from the context. Compare ^5vio vs. 8 with ^.Ju^^ vs. 14. 3. Gbammab. (1) Guttural verbs, 52. (2) Pe Nun verbs, 53. (3) Review 18, 26, 51. 4. Word Lists. j^ to surround. ^j&M to leant. '^S\ to sow. V ou^ to shine, 1 10 MANUAL. PART I. hffiJ to he light. wiiQJ to take, to praise. sJOaJ to slay. k.1 to be able, \ nql to go out. jLz to break. \1li to fall. adoZ to admire, ^aJ to scatter. j.^ to keep. I^sej mother. 5. Exercises. 1. Adam saw that the true was good to look at. 2. The mother of the man saw that the fruits of all the trees (were) good for eating. 3. Where (art) thou (f.), the desire of my eyes? 4. The husband of the woman gave some (^) of the fruit to his father and to his mother and they saw (masc.) that the tree from which it was taken (which it was taken from it) was pleasant to the eyes of both of them and they ate and praised God, who had made them (^) the dust. 5. Adam ate and knew that he was naked and he sewed the leaves of a figtree and made for him an apron. 6. My mother heard the Lord walking in the garden and she hid herself in the midst of a figtree which was in the garden. 7. At the turnings of the day I heard a voice saying, Adam, Adam, where art thou? And I saw God in my image and according to my likeness walking in the garden. 8. I said to the Lord: Who told thee that I and my wife are naked. Behold from the serpent hast thou heard this. 9. Surrounding, he shall take, keep thou (m.), go out (f.), it will fall, he caused to break, praise ye (Pa' el), it will shine, I shall not want, sow ye (m.). 10. I admire him because he was able to slay the Tanninin. H . I cannot take my mother with me. LESSON FIFTEEN. Gen. III. 1524. 1, Notes. 252. |inn^|\sa {the) enmity. (1) This is an abstract noun in ^o*) 75. 4, derived from the compound word b^' eld^bhobho, enemy, compound of \J^ lord and l.is? fly, 96. 1. a. MANUAL.-PAET I. j H (2) Most nouns with this ending are found only in the emphatic state, and are consequently often used when the idea is indefinite, 93,2.(1). 253. >awao) will I put. ( 1 ) The Olaph is the sign of the first pers. sing, of the Imperfect, 45.5. (2) The .i.^ comes from yi, 59. Rem. 2, 29. 4. (4). (3) This is the only 'E Yudh verb which dijBfers in any respect from E Waw verbs, 59. 6. Rem. 2. 254. wA^o^J from nedh-ivush, ivu becoming u, 29. 7. (1), 59. 2. 255. vioin t'iiVZ tem-Moo. (1) Notice the peculiar diphthong, pronounced like e^ in they followed by 00 as in hoohy, 8. 1. (1). (2) ^5io is the pron. sufi". 3rd. masc. sing. This is the regular form after the vowel e, 36, 61. (3) The first Yudh belongs to the root of the verb ; the Taw is the preformative for the 2nd pers. Imperf., 45. 256. n t uTtrNn is an Inf. abs. of the Aph'el stem, 49. 2. It strengthens the idea of the verb, 1 1 9. 257. ^!ik]Z shalt thou hear. (1) The ^ at the end is the sufi'ormative of the 2nd fem. sing, of the Imperf., 45. (2) The root is ,J:L, the Yudh beeing changed to Olaph after the preformatives of the Imperf. P'al, 58. 2. (3) The text has by mistake e for i under the preformative. 258. I""*^ sons, is an irregular plural from jjd son, 86. 16, 87. 10. 259. -i-szi shalt thou turn thyself. This is the Ethp^'el Imperf. 2nd fem. sing. 60 from P-s. 260. w4ill.ju^ neshtallat. Note the transposition of the Z when before a sibilant, 21.1. 261. ? Vi* introduces the causal adverbial clause, which is nere the protasis; the apodosis beginning with )4~il^, 137. 5. 262. 1 1 '^ is in the fem. abs. sing, of the pass, participle. It is the predicate of the nominal clause of which ^9] is the subject, 130. 1, 99, 2. - 112 MANUAL.-PART L 263. qiiSilZ thou shalt eat [of] it, (1) The form of the verb when without the suffix is ^asjz; with suf- fixes the o*' is changed (volatilized) to a half-vowel, 7. 1. (3), 7. 3. (1), 31. 1. (2) After a vowel, the 3rd fem. pron. suffix is m simply, which is often marked with a diacritical point over it, 36 and 6. 6. (2). (3) The union vowel of the Imperf. 3rd sing. masc. and like forms is regularly ^ before the pron. 3rd sing. masc. or fem. See 51. D. 2. 264. ]LoZ shall it bring out. (1) ^ is the sign of the fem. 3rd sing., prefixed in the Imperfect, 45. 2. (2) The vowel ^ with the preformative denotes the Causative stem, 42.5. (3) The original "Wau of Pe Wau verbs remains in the Aph'el, not passing over into Yudh as in the P^'al, 58. 1 nor contracting into as in Hebrew, 58. 3. 265. oUic? which from it i. e. from which. "When the preposition governs a relative, the ? stands at the head of the sentence and the preposition comes after in the sentence followed by a pronominal suffix agreeing in gender and number with the antecedent of the relative, 104. 2. Bern. 266. ><(3i M, she is put here for emphasis, 101. The point under the 01 shows that hi is to be read and not hoy, 6. 6. (2) &, 267. >A^9 which [w] living. (1) This is really a complete relative sentence, of which ? is the sub- ject and ^*^ the predicate, the copula being unexpressed, 136.1. (1). (2) ^*M is an adjective and agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, 99. 2. 268. lajJU^as, sing. lj-Zaa. A Yudh is inserted before the plural ending in a number of feminine nouns, 86. 13. 269. .Qjj them. There being no pron. suffix for the 3rd plural with verbs, the independent personal pronoun is used instead, 36. 2. 270. (jTj-] his hand. (1) Olaph is prosthetic, 10. ' MANU A L. P ART I. 1 j 3 (2) Hebhoo is a helping vowel, 20, Bt^m. 2, 33. 1. (3) For the irregularities of j-, see 87. 2. 271. waii nessabh for nensabh, the Nun being assimilated, 18. 1, 53. 2. 272. ]^ he shall live. This is the Imperfect P^'al from ).^^. See 64. 6. 273. ai.as]o tvapp^keh, (1) 01* is the pron. suffix 3rd masc. sing., 36, 51. A. (2) The Wau being unvowelled has drawn back the vowel of the Olaph the latter quiescing, 34. 2, 25. 1. (2). (3) The full form of wjas] was ^-najf the usual Aph'el. The Nun has been assimilated, the has become a half vowel before the suffix, the has been thrown back to the Wau, 53. 2. 274. vJLikJ,^ is a construct plur. before a clause beginning with a preposition, 96. 4. Rem. 1. 275. jlisffiiw^? ivhich ivas turning itself, (1) This is an adjective clause, the predicate being in the fern. abs. sing, agreeing with its antecedent, 99. 2. (2) The Kukhokh under the ws shows that this is the Ethpe'el, 44, Rem. 1. 2. Observations. 122. The composition of two nouns to express one idea is occasion- ally found in Syriac. 123. The differentiations for gender, number and person in the verb are denoted by pre- and sufformatives. 124. Notice the importance of learning the contractions of Waw and Yudh with the vowels, e. ^. in >a.jo1 and ^^0|J. 125. There is a diphthong eu found in Syriac which is pronounced somewhat like Italian eu in etifcnia. 126. The Infinitive is used absolutely to intensify the idea of a cognate verb which it precedes. 127. Instead of an adjective agreeing in definiteness with its ante- cedent, we frequently find a relative clause, e. g. w^^?. 1 1 4 MANUAL PART I. 128. There are a great many irregular plurals in Syriac which must be learned one by one. Compare j^^JLs, |^.J-Zaa, 86, 87. 3. Grammar Lesson. (1) ' Olaph verbs and Lomadh Olaph Guttural verbs, 56, 57. (2) Review 55, 52, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33. 4. Word List. ''^I-^ he asked. 9 \:>i\l all that. wA^Vfi it was evU, 9 ,_^ Va whosoever. Jio it grieved. \]l he was filthy. y^la he teas old. ViL he consoled. ^ he put on his shoes. piftj he tvas unclean. w)4 he was good. 'fjD a son. i^n^^Sn enemi/. ^.01 now. yjSioiL he gave. 4 if. 5. Exercises. 1. The enemy asked that my sword be given to him. 2. It grieved (fem.) me (-j.^) that I was too old to put sorrow for his bread. 3. All that was good to me was evil to him. 4. "When a son was born to her she consoled herself. 5. "Whosoever is filthy now, will be unclean all the days of his life. 6. If thou wilt crush my head, I shall strike thee in thy heel. 7. Thou didst command me that in the sweat of my face I should eat the herb of the field, until I shall return unto the dust from which I was taken. 8. Call the name of the woman Eve; because she shall be the mother of all which shall live. 9. God will make coats of skin for you and will clothe you. 1 0. Like one of you I know the good and the evil and I shall stretch out my hand and shall take from the tree of life and I shall live for ever. 11. The Lord sent them out from Eden that they might till the earth from whose dust they had been made by him. 12. The cherub turned itself and kept the way to Eden. MANUAL.-PART 1 .115 LESSON SIXTEEN. Gen. IV. 113. 1. Notes. 276. The point under the Nun in Ll^h and under the Lomadh in ^,.li- and the ^ in Zj^i^l shows that these are the 3rd fern, sing.; the point above the Koph in 2liJLo denotes the first peron singular, 6. 6. (3). 277. j^l.:^, 58. 2. 278. soia^|] his brother. A (1) The Lomadh is the sign of the direct object, 123. (2) \^] brother, and |js| father insert o before suffixes except the 1st sing., 87. 1. 279. \Lb The point over the *E shows that this is a participle ; a point under would denote a Perfect (Comp. jic] vs. 10). It is either in construction with or governing, ).llk in the accusative, 118. 2, 123, The dots over {.l^^k denote the collective, see 90. 280. bb^ ,-io after some. 281. ^Lf he brought. Aph'el Perf. 1st form from |z|, 64. 4. 282. ^jl^, 21. 1,22.4. 283. wi.U4, 56. 2, 25. 1. (2). 284. wf^sZl 52. 3, 43. A. The Eebbuy 13 is put with this form to show that it is not a 3rd fem. sing. 43. B. 5. 285. jl^l, 41. 3, 42. 5, 45. B. 2, 52. 3. 286. J /* introduces the conditional protasis, 138. 287. |^9Z is of the one short vowel class of nouns, 67. Jol^ is of the a a class; ''s.-^.s) of the a t class, 69. 288. Ijji let us go. (1) Remember that the preformative Nun denotes the 1st pers. plur. as well as the 3rd person, 45. 10. (2) The Imperfect is used for the 1st person of the Imperative, 1 14. 1. 289. ^ when introduces an adverbial clause of time, 137. 2. The sentence is nominal, 130. 1. 290. ,A^|? of mg brother* lie MANUAL.-PART I. (1> When a noun in the genitive is separated from the noun on which it depends, the latter takes a pron. suffix agreeing in gender and number with the governed noun and the genitive is preceded by ?, 97. B. Rem. 2. (2) The vowel " is heightened from^, 7. 2. (4). See 277 above. 291. ^the voice of the blood of him who is thy brother, 68. 5, 97. A. B. 292. ^ZZ? that it should give=to give. (1) Tettel is third fern, from tuttel which is the singular Imperf. of wsoul, 64. 7. (2) The clause is an adverbial clause of result, 137. 4 which is often expressed by the Infin., 120. 1. (3) and see 276 above. 293. "^1] zo-ydy a fugitive. (1) The a instead of e is because of the guttural, 26. 1. (1). (2) The Olaph is inserted in the first form of the Participle of 'EWaw verbs, taking the place of the Yudh, 59. 4. Compare the Hemsa in Arabic. (3) This Olaph is pronounced like Yudh, 2. (1). 294 V=5 lit. great is my folly from that which can be remitted i. e. my sin is too great to be remitted. (1) The comparative degree is generally expressed by putting the adjective first in agreement with the noun to be compared and by placing the idea with which it is to be compared after the preposition ^JS^, 100. (2) V.01 is here used as a copula, 101. It is to be noted that the copula also agrees with the subject of the nominal sentence. (3) ^ZnSnra my folly or sin. The is the 1st pers. pron. suffix, 36; the uth is the abstract fern, ending, 75. 4. (4) nn4Sn\> lit. that which is to remit. The ? is often used for that which, 104. 2. (1). The Infin. preceded by Lomadh sometimes has the sense of "may" or "can", 120. 1. (5). MANUAL, PAET L J 17 2. Observations. 129. The distinction of forms as well as vowels by means of dia- critical points is to be noted. 130. Every point and sign denotes something. The student is now far enough advanced not to proceed without knowing every verse thoroughly. 131. "When a noun or verb is irregular, i. e. not according to the forms already learned, look in 62 64, 86, 87. 132. Idioms should be carefully observed and if possible committed to memory, e. g. ht^ ^Jsc, vs. 3, ,\|Vi\ i^aao], vs. 2. 133. Try to remember the euphonic changes such as permutation and transposition and assimilation. 134. Classify, if possible, every noun accoramg to its original form. It gives accuracy, especially in reading unpointed texts. 135. Memorize all particles. It saves time to do so. 3. Grammar Lesson. (1) 'fi'fi verbs, 54. (2) Bead over the declension of nouns, 78 85. (3) Eeview, 76, 77. 4. Word Lesson. %rftai* to live. wojojz] to he magnified, y^MM to suffer. >oj.j before. \L to go in. ? >c^ before that. -9 to covet. fJ to reject. ^as to bend. MS oil gold. zl to tremble. ^? judgment. ^^V. to overshadow* i^a^i. youth. ^7 wi.^| to divulge. s-na old. sfLo to be humble. yjs4 good. 118 MANUAL.-PAET t. >1:ujC ^ suddenly. jio to be bitter^ lY. to be made \Lso9b persecution, bitter. IJU voice, ? i*i aVi Messiah, 5. Exercises. 1 . I suffered persecution because I had divulged the judgment of Grod. 2. Gro in and live in the land whose gold (which her gold) you have coveted. 3. They (fem.) trembled and bent their faces to the earth. 4. The good youth cherished his old father (his father the old) and his old mother. 5. Let God be magnified and let me humble myself before him. 6. Embittered (shall be) his spirit when the voice of God shall sound the judgment because he has rejected the Spirit of God which brooded over the face of the waters when God had created the heavens and the earth and overshadowed the mother of the son of God, before that she conceived and brought forth the Messiah. 7. Eve added to bear Abel the brother of Cain; and after some days Cain who tilled the soil (was working in the earth) brought as a gift to the Lord some of the fruits of his soil and the Lord looked not with favor on his gift, because he had not done well. LESSON SEVENTEEN. Gen. IV. 1428. 1. Notes. ^95. >^&.Ad| appekton, 51. B. 3. Notice that the union vowel of the 2nd pers. masc. sing, with suffixes is o. 296. .f^f^. Some prepositions take the plural form before suffixes, 77. 4. 297. ]o(n\ has the point above to denote the first person, 6. 6. (3). 293. ? ^ Vs every one who, 107. 7. 299. .liZsIS. The second vowel is added, 33. 3. 300. |.^nAr fM one for seven i. e. seven fold. 301. ^hl two. MANUAL. PAKT I. 119 (1) The numbers one and two agree with their nouns in gender. (2-) For the position and date, sed 110. 1. 302. ^j^ioiiik. The preposition Lomadh sometimes denotes the genitive, 98. 1. 303. ,-*.*]? who hold. This is one of the few passive participles which are used in an active sense, 117. 4. 304. ^01 takes up and makes emphatic the jJ. which precedes, 95. 3, 101. 305. oiH. his sister. An Olaph has been rejected from before the Heth, 23. 1. (1). 306. ^ASSnA> is the 2nd fem. plur. of the Imperative in a, 48. 2. *Zo, is in the same place, 59. 2. 307. |.jj-l another, (1) The Olaph is occult, 19. 1. (1) and hence is denoted by the linea occultans, 11. (2) Attributives follow their nouns and agree with them in gender, number and state, 93. 3, 99. 1. 308. ^-^ began he (or they). (1) The dot above the Shin shows that the verb is Pa* el, 6. 6. (2) Either the subject is Seth, or the verb is impersonal, 122. 2. Observations. 136. Pay attention to the union vowels of the different forms of the verb before the various suffixes. 137. Some prepositions take the plural, some the singular, form before suffixes, e. g. V:^ and >c,-d take the plural form, ^ and >a:^ the singular. 138. There is a number of ways of expressing the indefinite pronoun in Syriac. The most common is to have the interrogative pronoun pre- ceded by Va and followed by ?. 139. The rules for cardinal numbers are the same as in Hebrew. 140. Notice the fourth way of expressing the genitive relation, vs. 20. 120 MANUAL.-PAET I 141. Some participles which are passive in form are active in sense, e. g. ^.-.-mI, vs. 21. 142. In looking for the derivation of a word or for its equivalent ill the cognate languages, always see first, if possible, whether a letter has been rejected or not, e. g. h^, vs. 22. 3. Grammar Lesson. (1) Doubly Weak Verbs, 62. (2) Read over the classifications of nouns, 66 75. (3) Review 61. 4. Word Lesson. IjoJ to tempt. s.u\^Z] to desire. ]jo] to heal. \^y\ alms. %di^3 to rest. 1-4.50.0 (m.) holiness, J.J to reject. \o^^joy. ^aM to show. V^9Qo city. \\^ to rebuke. \ioh^ virgin, J to sigh. Qli^ request. wc|z| to desire. \*^ girl. ]o1z) to agree | m aV Messiah, 5. Exercises. 1. The Lord said to the girl I will heal thee and will put a sign on thee and cause thee to dwell in the land of Nod. 2. The girls tempted the Lord and he caused them to be rejected from the city of holiness. 3. He caused Cain to rest in the city which his son had built because he desired that he should not be killed. 4. The virgin will sigh when she sees thee because thou hast rebuked her and hast rejected her request. 5. A son has been born to the virgin and thou shalt call his name Messiah. 6. Be thou agreeing with him and do not reject his request. 7. Give alms to every one who asketh of thee and there shall be joy to thee. MANUAL. PABT L 121 LESSON EIGHTEEN. Psalm H. 1. Notes. 309. IILd why? lit. for what? (1) This is the adverbial accusative of cause. (2) This is the common form of the neuter of the interrogative pro- noun, 39. 310. Izaicf the peoples, 86. 3. Singular jLtfoj. 311. Ji^h is a fem. plur. of the Perf. from a Lomadh Olaph Verb, 60. 1. 312. ],.*.s| together, lit. as one. Note the insertion of the helping vowel e, 33. 4. 313. wT^? he who sitteth. (1) The relative ? sometimes stands for "he who", "that which" etc., 104. 2. Rem. (2) The participle denotes customary actions or a continuous state, 116. 2. (3) For the form, see 99. 2. 314. I^ifl^lj from al-yimeth, from akwimeth, 59.. 3. (1) I denotes the causative, 41. 3. (2) Z denotes the 1st person sing, of the Perfect, 43. 5. 315. ..j^'^malk^, my king, 36, 31. Bern. 1. 316. ):ifi.*J9 that he may declare. (1) ? is a conjunction introducing the adverbial clause of purpose, 137. 4. (2) The verb is Ethp'^'el, 41. 4, Imperfect, as shown by the pre- formative, 45. It is determined as 3rd person sing, in distinction from the first plur. by the sense. Lomadh Olaph, 60. (3) The Shin and Tau have been transposed, 21. 1. 317. ^'^'idh^hher^. (1) ? introduces the quotation, 135. 3. (3). (2) For the pronunciation of the final Yudh, see 31. Rem. 1. 318. ^.U 56. 2, 25. 1. (2), 32. 3. Q 12,2 MANUAL. PART L 319. ai^flj| 21.1, 30. 2.(1). 24. 2, 12. Bern., 11. Bern., 48. 3. 320. ]wI:^.m9 fear. The second e is a helping vowel inserted to facilitate the pronunciation of the guttural, 28. 2. (2). 321. ^9i..iJO|.Msfo. (1) .*ai-. is the regular pron. suffix 3rd. sing. masc. after a verbal form of the plural ending in a consonant, 51. A. (2) The vowel u of the Imperat. is shifted before suffixes, 51. E. and 32. 1. 322. ^Vjcio introduces the adverbial clause of cause, 137. 5. 323. f2^ burneth. The participle denotes a state, or action viewed as continuing, 116. 1. 324. ^S^oZi those who trust, 117. 4, 99. 2, 104. 2. Bern, 2. Observations. 143. Nouns and pronouns may, without any change of accidence, be treated as the Arabic adverbial accusative or the Latin oblique cases to denote cause, time etc. 144. Some irregular plurals are formed by inserting "Wau before the regular ending, e. g. I^a^l, vs. 1. 145. Compound words are occasionally met with, e. g. \t^t vs. 2. 146. Remember the use of the relative ? in the sense of **he who" when followed by a participle vs. 3 and compare the Greek and Hebrew with the article. 147. Notice how often the Syriac translators have changed the Hebrew Imperfects, Perfects etc. into different tenses, e. g. the Hebrew Imperfects in vss. 1 and 2 have been changed into Perfects. Let the student hereafter note these changes and seek their cause. 148. Notice the light which a study of this psalm throws on the Syrian translators' views of the text, grammar and exegesis of the psalm, e. g. islo^-ol vs. 6, \-^ vs. 12 etc. 1 49. Notice the differences as well as the similarities between the Syriac and the Hebrew in rootj form and construction, i. e. as to roots. MANUAL. PART I. 123 consider (1) sometimes the same root has a dififerent meaning in the two languages, e. g. "K^^i^ ^-^^ r^j w^^^. (2) Sometimes the same idea has a different root, e. g* to forsake, to make, to form. 3. Grammar Lesson. 1. Anomalous and Defective Verbs, 64. 2. Numerals, 88. 3. Bead, 63, 65, 86, 87. 4. Review 43, 45, 53, 54. 4. "Word Lesson. "^1 [ to go. ^^(n^to give. su4.) to drink. ..ma^| to find, to he able. jlo it behooves. \z] to come. \]^ it is well. \oa\ to he. ^9} it is right. \Ltt to live. VfS to grieve. >a::ij^ ever. Ald to he weary with. 6. Exercises. 1 . Go thou and see why the three rulers have taken counsel together against the Lord and against his Messiah. 2. The Lord will give Zion the mountain of his holiness to his son the king. 3. Who shall ascend to the mountain of the Lord? Who shall be able to stand in the place of his holiness? 4. Let the king live for ever; let the peoples come and serve him because it is right for them to serve him with fear. 5. It behooves us to kiss the son lest he be angry and we perish from his way because that his wrath has been kindled against us. 6. The Lord was weary with the two peoples because they imagined a vain (thing) and said: Let us break the bands of the Lord and cast from us his yoke. 7. It grieved the four kings that they should not be for ever. 8. It is well to drink water from the fourth vessel of the eighth potter. 1 24 MANUAL PART IL PART n. Notes. Jonah I. 325. ^^1^^ saying. For the idiom compare the Hebrew and see 120. 1. (3) and note 139. (2). 326. "^f ''Go'\ Imperative from^]], 64. 1. 327. \'LiJ^m^dhito, city, 18. 2. 328. oui^i^ against her. Vlk takes a plural form before suffixes, 77. 4, as also >o^. 329. An\m, 64. 8. 330. > n J\, 64. 3. 331. i\^ Part. act. fern, from Vl, 54. 3. VLS is the Infin. of the same. 3t)2. \h^''>. Notice the position of the adjective after its noun and its agreement with it in gender, number and state, 91. 1. 333. w^) each. (1) The Olaph is occult, 19. 1. (2) For the use of w^j] for the indefinite pronoun, see 107. 2. (3) w^j] when denoting each or every one takes a plural verb, 121. 2. See further, 90. 4. Bern. 2. 334. ^g'snl V stem. 'E'E verb, 54. 335. 01^ line 8 is an ethical dative, 124. 5, 101. B. 1. (1) Bern. 3. 336. ^^ 1. 10. III. stem Imperf. 3rd sing, with pron. suff. 1st plural, 61.2. a* is contracted from ay, 29. 3. (1). 337. oZ 1. 11, come. Imperat. from ]2[, 64. 4. 338. '^^ nedda, let us Tcnow, 1st pers. plur. Imperfect I stem from ^l^, 58. 2. Bern. 1. 339. .a-i 1. 12, show thou us. Ill stem Imperat. sing. masc. with pron. suff. 1st plur., 61. 3. 340. olL 1. 13, what is? 103. 1. (1), 39. Bern. 4, 23. 4. (1). MANUAL. PABT n. 125 341. ]L] tvhat? 39. JRem, 3, 103. 2. (2) Rem. This is an inter- rogative adjective separated from its noun by the personal pronoun. 342. o^l^i p. 12, 1. 1, 34. 2, 33. 1. 343. |.ij| the men. Rebbuy denotes the collective, 90. 1. See also 333 above. 344. jiilJ, 46. 1. 345. o that, 137. 4. (1). 346. ^ n'snn ^ Imperat. 2nd masc. plur. with pron. suff. 1st sing., 51, 36. 1, 32. 1. 347. ^ojiJvf 1. 3. 61. 1. (3). 348. >.iw^.Ji.i>o 1. 4, on account of me. The preposition ^4^:^ takes the fern. plur. form before suffixes, 89. B. (6). The is written with the Yudh, but belongs to the oai following, the He having become occult because the pronoun is enclitic, 19. 2. (4). Since a vowel cannot begin a syllable, the last consonant of the preceding word draws to it the vowel of the He, 16. 2. If the preceding word end in a vowel, it forms a diphthong with the u. Compare ooi jj) 22. 15. The same is true of ^ct. Compare ^oi ]^-^ 22. 12. 349. ^QJ^, 37. 2, 102. 1, 90. 1. 350.' Q-yi^l 1. 6, 20. Rem. 1, 64. 3. 351. looi^jf, 19. 2. (1) a, 64. 1, 116. 1. (3) a. 352. ^:ca--*Z jJ, 115. 3. The Syriac does not distinguish between ''thou shalt not" and ''do not". 353. ^a^ ^(no^a..^,. They took Jonah. For the use of the pron. suffix to emphasize the object, see 123. 2. (5). (6). (7). (8). 354. |w^?. A cognate accusative. See 126. 4. (1). Jonah II. 355. ^J. Ill stem, " 56. 4. Rem. 59. 5. 356. 1. ai:^.iIX^, 12. 1. 365. L-a^9Z|5. The relative introduces the quotation, 135. 3. (3). The stem is here reflexive, 41. 4. 366. waiaio. V stem Part, from ^^J, 58. 3. 367. ^j.) (n.I-j.aaa th". earth laid hold with its bands on my face, i. e, on me, 105. 1. (3). 368. aJocf, 64. 8. 369. V ; t ii hay -y ay, my life. 370. -^Jis^Zl . For the reflexive verb with an object, see 126. 2. (1). 371. Im^^ ^f!^:i,uai thy holy temple. Notice that the pronoun follows the noun and not the adjective, 99. 1. Rem. 3. 372. ? \i whoever, 107. 7, 8, and 108. 2. 373. 9 >o^ whatsoever, 109. 1. (3). Jonah III. 374. ^^T^f ^^9^?, 110. A. 1. (1), B. 375. j:;^Ua^ sayiiiy, 120. 1. (3). 376. Izi]^. For the form, see ^ 71. 1, 75. 377. ^]w9 great to, i. e. the greatest city, 100. 2. (5). 378. |.AS!nwLo shall be overturned. The participle is defined as future by the J^l-L:^, 111. 3, 116. 1. (2) b. 379. ot^'l, lit. her men, 19. 1. (1), 77. 380. n4n\ they clothed themselves ivith, 126. 2. (1). Bern. 381. ^c3i-iJjC509 their magnates. The Singular is |-C9, see 87. 27. For the helping Rebhoo, see 33. 3, 9. Rem. 382. (nlw^as his throne, 86. 2. (2). 383. \lvi\^ the sons of men, 87. 10, 23. 4. (1). MANUAL. PART II. 127 384. ]^^, 90. 385. >c^ anything, 109. 1. (1). 386. jfl^jJ ovioi^S let them call God, 123. 2. (7). 387. wi.Jj. Each, 107. 2. 388. |lsa4-, 81. Bern. 389. w-1? which is, 65, 128. 3. (2). 390. ^oic^Wj, 87. 2, 20. JSem. 2, 34. 2. 391. ^, 39. 1. Bern. 1, 103. 1. 392. v-5 116. 1. a, 52. 3, 26. 1. (1). 393. J introduces the indirect question, 132. 6. (1). 394. |3? introduces the negative adverbial clause of result, 137. 4. 395. Q-oZ? that they turned. This is an appositional substantive clause, 135. 5. Jonah IV. 396. ^Joa^ h^f^. It was painful for Jonah. See 122. 2. 397. ..a.^ very, is a masculine noun in the absolute state used as an adverb, 89. A. 398. Zoofi P was not? The answer ''yes" is expected, though P itself does not denote this 132. 2. A question is often denoted in Syriac without any interrogative particle or pronoun, 132. 1. sq. 399. |J[ ji ivhen I (was), 130. 1. (1). 400. ^001 Ui^fl I anticipated, 127. 1, 3. (1) a. 401. Llf, I fled. With the preceding verb this verb may be trans- lated "I fled before-hand", 133. 3 and Bern. 402. .^lik is the Ethical dative or object, 124. 5. 403. I^ogi '\^, 127. 1, 116. 1. (3). 404. ^f^zh ]t"*-4^ long is thy spirit, i. e. patient. 405. ]]l^saggiyo* from saggto', 24. 1, 32. 3. 406. ^, 53. 1, 23. 1. (3). 407. s-mAs, 122. 4. (2) Bern. 408. ^i>ai^ to die, is the subject of the nominal sentence, 120.1. (1), 130. 1. (1). 409. llv.\? ^:o than to live. 128 MANUAL. PAST n. (1) For the form ili>o, see 64. 6. (2) For the construction, see 120. 1. (6), 100. 1. Bern, 2. 410. ^. See 398. 411. 01^. See 402. 412. aJlol^ under it, 89. B. (3). 413. ]>.J? that he might see, 114. 4. (2), 137. 4. 414. \iL, 132. 6. Rem., 135. 3. (2), 113. 415. -^r^ ^^^ould happen, 116. 1. (3) h, 5. 416. Ilii cxicumher, 24. 1, 25, 28. 2. (3). 417. ^Ih], 26. 1. (1), 59. 6. 41S. I?;^ 01^, 101. 3. (2) a, 419. giA^l"^ for himself, 105. 1. (3). 420. l-jLLe it has come into ihy hands, oh Lord, to take away my soul from me. 421. ? V^ because that, 6. 5, 137. 5. (2). 422. i^ooi li 127. 1. (2). 423. lJ| ^, 99. 2. Bern. 1. 424. wi-oL:f ^, 100. 1, 87. 1, 86. 14. 425. ajf. Emphatic, 101. 1. (2). 426. 31^ 13? on ivhichnot, 104. 2. Bern, 427. \2[. See 425. 428. ^ J-.LI, 100. 1. 429. ]ia:^l'il fourteen, 88. 1, 100. A. 1. (4). 430. ^% 85. Malachi I. 431. ^qI\vI^ 43. 5. Bern. 2, 51. A, B. 432. .oLj] ^i^] omrittun, 35. 2. 433. l^ai^? followed by jJ expects the answer *'yes", 132. 5. 434. ^nnS^"^. The direct object may be preceded by Lomadh, 123. 2. 435. ^lo and if, 138. 2. (3). 436. wsiU from wS^. 437. ^ilic is uH)nt to honor, 116. 2. MANUAL-PART II '129 438. llf ^f, 138. 4. (4). 439. ^i-alic?, 135. 5. 440. .o^l rr->-? y^ '^^^ despise, 136. 11. 441. ? V^, 137. 5. 442. ,:-.r^rr^, 137. 5. 443. w.Ju4^?, 135. 3. (3). 444. oai, 101. 2. 445. ^n^^, 29. 2. (3). 446. liai:.?, 132. 4. 447. >a^^o that he may have mercy, 137. 4. (1), 114. 4. (2) Bern. 1. 448. .aL,-j.^5 because this was in your hands, 104. 7. 449. ^liillo, 130. 1. Rem. 450. rr*^? that which is of no account. 451. .a-aTD |j| l-o, ]J I ivish nothing among you. 452. ^aJ), vs. 12, is used as a copula, 101. 2. 453. ^Liio? because ye are bringing, 137. 5. (1). 454. 01^ M? r^ w^^ accursed be whosoever has, 107. 7. (4), 103. 1. Rem. 4. MalacM II. 455. ^f, vs. 2. 138. 2. (2). 456. \i^Lo is infinitive from wqu, 64. 7. 457. ?M^, 137. 5. (2). 458. I??] read ] 9?) I will scatter. 459. ^ajf, vs. 5, 123. 2. (6.) 460. ,-^V^ ^Aey are asking, 121. 7. 461. ]).I.Iifll^ many. The direct object is often preceded by Lomadh 123. 1. (3). 462. r^h^, 116. 3. (2) c. 463. ? because, 137. 5. (I). 464. yliiJ?, 46. 1, 136. 1. (2) 3. 465. w:=J:Ilo5 he who offers, 104. 2. (2) Bern. 466. 01.:^.^, vs. 15, 106. R 130 MANUAL. PART II 467. . 4i*^? "that which is eviV% is an objective clause, 135. 3. 468. J 5? who is judging, 116. 3. (1) a. Malachi III. 469. 1 01 behold is followed here by the Participle in the future. 470. |Jl {r^ |J|, 95. 1, 101. A. 2. 471. l-aljo that he way prepare, 137. 4. 472. 01^...? whom, 104. 2. Rem. 473. ^ .tn^v, 129. 2. a. 474. ? ^^L^l tcftew, 137. 2. (1). 475. _Lc? which were from. 476. U-l V^ against (him) who is turned to me, 103. 2. (3) Rtm. 4:11. U] l2]^\4^ because that I am, 101. 2. (1), 130. 1, 137. 5. 478. aisZ], vs. 7, 60. 4. 479. ^ojjal, vs. 10, prove me, 61. 4S0. ^^ vs. 13, is masc. plur. the Wau being omitted, see 23. 1, 43. 5. 481. ,-AliJiCo and are built up the doers of sin and {they) tempt God and are delivered. 482. j-a.^ a man with his neighbor, i. e. one with another. 483. v*!::^ mine, 106. Rem. 4. 484. ocfl, 116. 2. (1). 485. a,ii\q? those who serve, 104. 2. (2). Rem. Malachi lY. 486. y-opo when shall burn, 137. 2. (1). 487. .>S,\ to you, i. e. to the fearers of my name, 94. 1. 488. c-^zyZ] remember, 11. 5. Rem., 48. 3, 126. 2. (1). 489. ^1:^13 ^a^ to you Elias, 124. 3. MANUAL. PART II. 13] Matthew XXVI. 490. 0001 ,-4^1, 116. 3. 491. ^^ before its noun, 99. 1. Rem. 1, 96. 2. b. 492. jJbsc? an irregular plural used in a singular sense, 86. 16. 493. ^]^^^h 122. 5. 494. ^U^ from ^jJ to trouble, to weary. For the form see 32, 3, 29. 1. (3). 495. ]Z.3P (jd, 123. 2. (7). Rem. 496. iwi^n? introduces the appositional substantive clause, 135. 5. 497. 5 >fJ\ as that which is for my burial. 498. oiJjjso,^ for a memorial of her, 96. I. 4. h. 499. ^^, 129. 2. (3). 500. 01^, 124. 5. 501. t^ f^ one by one. 502. 001, emphatic, 101. A. 1. (2). 503. oX, Impossible condition, 138. 5. 504. od Ul, 101. A. 2. (2). 505. -^lic? cJd this is my blood that of the kneio testament, 96.11. Rem. 1. 506. ]ll^, 87. 15. 507. jiij^, 90. 4. Rem. 1. 508. ^1 although, 137. 6. , 509. ^1, vs. 35, 138. 2. (2). 510. ^ |o^, 127. 9. 511. ^^.1^9 ^ sleeping, lit. while they ivere sleeping. 512. ^ . . ^'1, vs. 42, 133. 1. Rem. 1 513. r^V^V (?L^ the same tvord, 102. 3. (2) a. 514. ? o^, vs. 46, 102. 7. 515. fl, vs. 47. while, 137. 2. (2). 516. jooi .Sflv had given, 127. 1. (2). 517. ooilik, vs. 48, him whom I shall kiss, the same is he, him seize. 518. ^(jiV:^, vs. 50, is it on account of this thas thou hast come my friend? ^ 132. 2, 135. 1. 132 MANUAL.-PART II. 519. cfl, VS. 50, 93.11. 1. (3). 520. v-s^I?, vs. 64, him who sitteth, 104. 2. (2) Rem, 521. |L>^ ouo in the same hour, 102. 3. (2) a. Matthew XXVII. 522. ^ 1^ ^what is that to us? 103. 1. Bern. 1. 523. U], 101. 2. (1). 524. >cjic, 109. 1. (3). 525. ]t-i-=^?> limits the preceding pronominal suffix, 136. 4. 526. ^, vs. 9, some, 107. 4. 527. t-s, vs. 12, ivhile they were eating the pieces of him, i. e. calumn- iating him. 528. j.i, 110. 1. (2). 529. cyiJ^?, 106. 1. 530. |3, vs. 19, let there be nothing belonging to thee and to that just man, i. e. have thou nothing to do with him. 531. '^a-i-.^i., vs. 22. 95. 2. (3). 532. ]lm, vs. 24, 116. 1. 533. wilalie, Pa* el pass, part., 60. 5. 534. ai:^, the plural verb, because the singular noun is collective, 90. 535. ^01^4 n Vo, 125. 1. (2). 536. C05I ^ Jv, vs. 30, kept smiting, 116. 2. (3). 537. fS, vs. 31, as they loere going out they found, 116. 1. (3) 6. 538. ,.*, vs. 35, ^'and when they had crucified him they parted his garments'\ Notice the distinction between the Perfect here and the Participle in the preceding note, 112. 1. (3). 539. ^1 he made alive, 64. 6. 540. l2, 110. 1. (1). Compare for \lz, 110. 1. (2). 541. <^r^^l) vs. 51. The first is in the masc. plur. agreeing with "faces"; the second is in the fern. plur. agreeing with "rocks". For the fern., see 43. 5. 542. (n.:>o^9o and those who were with him, 104, 2. (2) Bern. MANUAL. PABTn. 133 543. woV. 60. 1, 127. 2, (2). 544. wo'oiiw-K 127. 1. (2), 128. 2. Bern, 545. ^anli*!?, vs. 56. 96. II. Rem. 1. 546. oSi, vs. 57, 101. A. 1. (1). Matthew XXVIII. 547. ]Als fL the first day of the week, 88. Rem, 5. 548. jo? ^oioi^l, Compare 544. 549. CT^^^?, fear before him. Objective genitive, 96. I. 4, 550. Vs. 5. jJLS toomen, 87. 8. 551. '-a^?]]? wJio was crucified, 136. 1. (2), 2. 552. Vs. 6. ,:^]i, ^V-, vs. 7. ,^1, 60, 64. 1, 4. 553. >c,-o, vs. 7, is Pa' el Perfect. 554. ^lU vs. 8, fern. plur. part.; .g^p, Imperf. 3rd. fem. plur. 555. ^f, 138. 1. (3), 112. 3. (2) h. 556. |3?, vs. 1 4, those who are without care, 93. 2. (2), 104. 2. (2) Rem, 557. ? iifi ^J, vs. 20, whatsoever^ 109. 8. 558. ^cotii^, 108. 1. (4). WORD LISTS-SYRIAC. LIST I. Verbs occurring ten times or more in Schaaf s Concordance of the New Testament. 1. r='l 18. 35. ^ 52. ^^% 2. 19. V 9 36. ^ 53. ^*? 3. ^ 20. 37. 54. 'r^-i 4. N'l 21. V 7 38. 'H 55. W.J? 5. A 22. %4uS 39. K 56. ^1 6. H-l 23. ^ 40. i^ 57. ih 7. z 24. 41. ^ 58. ^h 8. ^^1 25. x^ 42. "^ 59. (osi 9. J^ 26. <<.^ 43. V 60. ^.' 10. ^ 27. ]^ 44. 7 61. ^01 11. ^l 28. 1 *^ 45. S.^ 62. . 7 9C1 12. '^l 29. >cir) 46. p 63. i!o 13. USl 30. \L^ 47. p 64- 7 14. r^l 31. y> 48. x'^ 65. ^^?1 15. ^?l 32. ^^ 49. ^^? 66. joi"! 16. A 33. ^ 50. 7 67. 17. iif 34. IH^ 51. ^ 68. ai WORD LISTS. 69. , i^J] 98. ^ 127. \u 156. 70. Ul 99. V 128. V" 157. 71. V 100. >ciL* 129. Us 158. 72. '^n 101. isL 130. 9 159. 73. 9 102. >^ 131. 1 W>^ 160. 74. ^ n^ 103. ^' 132. 161. 75. V 104. l^ 133. '^ 162. 76. 105. >=^ 134. V 163. 77. 106. 135. 1^ 164. 78. L07. ^pe< ; 136. Vr=> 165. 79. x7 L08. H4 1 137. y 166. 80. Mi 1 109. m 7 138. Via 167. 81. LIO. \^\ 1 L39. s^i.s 168. 82. [11. 1^X L40, 77 169. 83. l>- 1 12. 'r ' L41. ^l^ ] 170. 84. w.D}.^ [13. ^rt 142. 171. 85. 0- 1 14. . V 143. L72. 86. wa^u* 15. rtt ' 144. .^.r^ 1 173. 87. iL. 1 16. X 145. lli. 1 174. 88. >aiL. 1 17. 146. W4J:: 1 L75. 89. ,^\-: 1 18. [47. 176. 90. V 19. ^^ ^ [48. [77. 91. ^nL* ] 20. r^ ^ [49. ,1^ , [78. 92. y 21. ^ ^ [50. [79. 93. 22. "^'n ^ 51. C^ 1 80. 94. 23. ^k ^ 52. Oio 1 81. 95, 24. ^ 1 53. 7 lie ] 82. 96. 7 25. wsi- 1 54. iL 1 83. 97, 7 26. ^4 1 55. ^ 1 84. 136 WORD LISTS. 185. yai 214. ..^ 243. Vju: 272. 186. 215. ^ 244. \^ 273. -^ 187. ^ 216. wX&a 245. ^ 274. '^ 188. \.Aa 217. 7 246. \^ 275. 7 189. u. 218. Vi 247. \l- 276. U 190. 219. -k 248. ^Tj, 277. 191. 7 ..\ATfl 220. 9 249. ^ 278. 192. . 11 W1 221. P V 250. X^i 279. 7 7 193. 7 Ulltf 222. 251. -4 280. 7 194. 223. 7 252. H' 281. 7 195. ^mIw 224. 7 253. ^ 282. lU 196. V 225. V 254. \h 283. ^^.-^ 197. iL, 226. w^U^a 255. 284. v-^^ 198. 227. 256. 7 285. >a:^ 199. r^ 228. 257. W.J019 286. ai.la.4. 200. 229. ^-. 258. 287: ^ v^ 201. 7 230. ^i 259. 1^* 288. ^^.A. 2(2. 231. 260. w, 289. ^ 203. 232. p 261. >o- 290. 7 204, ^^i* 233. >=; 262. ^*' 291. l^ 205. 234. *7 263. was? 292. 7 206. 7 r^ 235. 1?. 264. li% 293. ll^ 207. Vial. 236. ^i 265. p% 294. VL.. 208. ^ 237. ^h 266. ll 295. U 209. 0^ 238. vL^ 267. 296. 7 210. -e*t^ 239. y r^ 268. sU 297 ]L^ 211. iW. 240. 269. 0^ 298. wsial 212. 241. 270. 9(7LA^ 299. w2w4 213. ^ 242. >cuo 271. r 300. ^.i WORD LISTS. 137 301. \%A 303. vi^ 305. oiIoZ 307. ^^ 302. 304. U 306. Viz 308. J^ LIST II. Nouns occurring ten times or more. 1. U=l 23. ^\ 45. .0 h. D 67. \^^7 2. a;.! 24. 1ZS.jf 46. ikL 68. '^h 3. u 25. |?a.f 474^ ^f\\^ 69. i^^ 4. Q 26. X >v 48. 7 70 iL? 5. i^H^ 27. ^1 49. ^0^ 71. ]L] 6. M 28. ^> 50. 72. \^; 7. U^of 29. 51. 73. t:-? 8. lL>eef 30. ^'l 52. >c'i^ 74. 0-? 9. \L--,z\ 31. 53. |3o2o 75. 10. Ul 32. iLi^il 54. VQ 76. 11. ^H-i 33. -i 55. .0 7 77. 12. i;^f 34. i::i 56. .P7 78. a? 13. liiLf 35. 4 57. 79. 14. ilaisuf 36. IZZai^ 58. li'=H 80. i;-? 15. ll^l 37. 59. 1^^ 81. >c? 16. llittsj 38. 60. r^ 82. ji^? 17. 39. 61. o:^ 83. ^? 18. v^ 40. .0 V 62. ^ 84. \n 19. )IX 41. 1 1 ^^ 1 ^ 63. ^ 85. 1^ 20. li^l 42. 64. ^-k 86. 21. ^j 43. 7 65. C^; 87. p 7 22. ^^f 44. 9i:lIS 66. K^ 88. S pASOOl 138 89 90. ILun WOBD LISTS. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 1 V P XV p * IM , p k p p - " iLL. p ^ P ^r p p ]9aui 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140.1 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. )^9a.M p . c f V , O P 7 j V^^ AA , p 7 ]:^ pp P k X ^ I V^fy> >A , P 7 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. P JK , P 7 p P *. , p k . p k ^ ]Zaal4 . c * T' m: PO > . O C> k. - P P S' p &> Uozj- 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. >Aa. .01 9 as 0^ ,p k ill a p" wauLs , p p 90^^ WORD LISTS. 205. I \<: 206. ]1^ 207. jL^oiiisS 208. jiLzU^ 209. ^^ 210. ]1,\ ]l^ 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. ]z^caio P 7 , p p v' , P V 7 , p v 226. jZnn^nSn 227. |^^^'^^^ 228. lijLJ p p * 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. |iJL^ 235.|i'|-svnw\^ 236.|iQJpifii^^ p 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. ]:u?n,visv^ 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 2.49. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. p * p p P 7 p V , pp K , 7 , p *. p , p . * 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. , p V 292. 293. 294. 295. ^^ 296. |?oijo 297. , P F ,P 7 , 1 P *. POP a* 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. Un^ 304. p p ,P 7 7 P p ^ 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. 316. |^,i 318. 319. 320. 139 ,p p 7 P 7 pp m , p . p* y , P 7 , P .pp. * >caa np . , p p, *. px9aa ,p "P 140 WORD LISTS. 321. a^^3 346. iloi 371. 396. 7 322. H: 347. \^ 372. VLJ,l 397. V^H- 323. )^c&s 348. U 373. .P 7 398. iHr^ 324. *^i 349. ^^ 374. )Laj^ 399. Wr^ 325. 350. Ul-r^ 375. 400. l^ 326. r*^ 351. a^i 376. ,p p * f90USQ.^ 401. if.\:.. 327. '^i 352. P 7 377. 1 -*^^ *^- 402. lLa|&^ 328. U^I 353. fi 378. , pp . 403. X 329. }Lj; 354. ]^l 379. P . k. 404. 330. 355. iil 380. 405. 331. 356. b>* 381. 406. lii^oi 332. i;^ 357. ^^ 382. 1 ** "^ 407. U^'a 333. i^? 358. 1^' 383. . P 7 408. ^1 334. , . v 359. ~C^* 384. lio^iil 409. li5^ 335. ^H> 360. "^C 385. ^oIa* 410. ile'^' 336. ilsjai 361. \l,i 386. ^^ 411. pp 337. Cioi 362. 1 " '^' pa.M9 387. vXX 412. lir^ 338. 363. i" 'f 388. 413. iL^ii 339. Ih4^ 364. ^-^^ 389. 14^ 414. 340. 365. w^f 390. 415. |Li.il^z 341. ,P P V 366. 3C 391. l^ 416. X 342. 1 ty> ^ r> 367. 392. , P V 417. vl^ 343. lii 368. lli^' 393. ll^ 418. .pp. k 344. li.\; 369. .!.> 394. li^ 419. )L^q:>0 345. l:^aIo 370. l^? 395. l^ WORD LISTS-ENGLISH. LIST I. Verbs occurring ten times or more in Schaaf s Concordance of the New Testament. 1. perish 24. 3. mourn 25. 3. trade 26. 4. go 27. 5. seize 28. 6. delay 29. 7. there is 30. 8. eat 31. 9. learn 32. 10. compel 33. 11. believe 34. 12. say 35. 13. heal 36. 14. bind 37. 15. meet 38. 16. pour 39. 17. come 40. 18. be evil 41. 19. scathe 42. 20. be ashamed 43. 21. laugh at 44. 22. cease 45. 23. conceive 46. console 47. trample weep 48. fear devour 49. be pure huild 50. remember despise 51. disturb be sweet 52. be like cry 53. sleep search 54. wonder decrease 55. rise prove 56. quench create 57. tie bless 58. seek choose 59. be commit adultery 60. go circumcise 61. turn reveal 62. injure complete 63. it is right steal 64. bring commend 65. be just sacrifice 66. shine lead 67. be moved lie 68. conquer judge 143 WORD LISTS. 69. sing 70. be a harlot 71. crucify 72. sow 73. love 74. corrupt 75. bind 76. rejoice 77. surround 78. owe 79. show 80. strengthen 81. spare 82. look 83. see 84. bind 85. sin 86. snatch 87. live 88. sleep 89. change 90. be gracious 91. strangle 92. want 93. be diligent 94. reap 95. free 96. think 97. be useful 98. be dark 99. suffer 100. seal 101. be proud 102. defraud 103. envy 104. err 105. taste 106. bear 107. obey 108. hide 109. sound 110. lead 111. to be dry 112. thank 113. know 114. give 115. bow 116. learn 117. swear 118. add 119. care 120. burn 121. honor 122. be great 123. inherit 124. extend 125. sit 126. abound 127. rebuke 128. correct 129. prohibit 130. collect 131. conceal 132. accuse 133. hunger 134. deny 135. to be sad 136. preach 137. wrap 138. offend 139. write 140. continue 141. fight 142. be weary 143. encourage 144. clothe 145. accompany 146. curse 147. there is not 148. eat 149. be grieved 150. die 151. smite 152. come 153. be humble 154. be full 155. counsel 156. speak 157. be able 158. dare 159. anoint 160. prophesy 161. strike 162. abide 163. shine 164. rest 165. go down 166. guard 167. kill 168. be sober 169. receive 170. tempt 171. ascend 172. fall 173. go out 174. plant 175. cleave to 176. beat 177. kiss 178. give 179. defile 180. satisfy 181. hope 182. be great 183. worship 184. witness WORD LISTS. 443 185. put 186. subvert 187. expect 188. perceive 189. reject 190. ascend 191. lie down 192. hate 193. be poor 194. work 195. suffice 196. be vacant 197. destroy 198. make 199. pass over 200. aid 201. remember 202. grieve 203. watch 204. cover 205. enter 206. baptize 207. labor 208. inhabit 209. answer 210. flee 211. to be rich 212. persuade 213. divide 214. serve 215. return 216. permit 217. decree 218. do 219. liberate 220. command 221. be tolerable 222. fly 223. remunerate 224. depart 225. separate 226. extend 227. expound 228. open 229. wish 230. dip 231. thirst 232. hunt 233. fast 234. revile 235. pray 236. be vile 237. lacerate 238. receive 239. bury 240. sanctify 241. remain 242. arise 243. kill 244. possess 245. cry 246. break 247. call 248. be nigh 249. be hard 250. be great 251. desire 252. be angry 253. stone 254. go 255. pursue 256. disturb 257. run 258. be inebriated 259. exult 260. be high 261. love 262. murmur 263. ride 264. cast 265. meditate 266. feed 267. lament 268. ask 269. take captive 270. be glorious 271. praise 272. lean 273. be tumultuous 274. hurl 275. send 276. be worthy 277. wash 278. despise 279. compel 280. sleep 281. be able 282. be at rest 283. send 284. rule 285. finish 286. name 287. hear 288. minister 289. change 290. torment 291. narrate 292. please 293. drink 294. bear 295. loose 296. confirm 297. drink 298. communicate 299. be silent 300. arrange 144 WORD LISTS. 301. repent 303. return 303. hope 304. hang 305. admire 306. offend 307. prepare 308. direct LIST 11. Nouns and other words occurring ten times or more. 1. father 2. loss 3. hire 4. hireling 5. letter 6. ear 7. affliction 8. water 9. way 10. brother 11. other 12. hand 13. tree 14. day 15. calumniator 16. stranger 17. god 18. thousand 19. ship 20. mother 21. Amen 22. when 23. man 24. woman 25. chain 26. scheme 27. also 28. face 29. purple 30. lion 31. Gentile 32. widow 33. earth 34. sign 35. place 36. shame 37. consolation 38. bad 39. evil 40. house 41. building 42. sweet 43. flesh 44. behind 45. petition 46. end 47. evening 48. son 49. knee 50. creature 51. creator 52. but 53. origin 54. after 55. man 56. gehenna 57. midst 58. circumcision 69. robber 60. for 61. revelation 62. side 63. thief 64. leper 65. sacrifice ^6. liar 67. gold 68. place 69. fearful 70. fear 71. demon 72. own 73. but 74. judgment 75. judge 76. denar 77. covenant 78. pure 79. punty 80. male 81. blood 82. likeness 83. tear 84. generation 85. behold 86. governor 87. member 88. overthrow WORD LISTS. 89. then 128. life 167. day 90. temple 129. strength 168. to-day 91. faith 130. wise 169. gain 92. here 131. wisdom 170. glory 93. woe 132. sound 171. child 94. time 133. in exchange for ' 172. begetter 95. Sadducees 134. ferment 173. glorious 96. righteous 135. wine 174. month 97. righteousness 136. wrath 175. inheritance 98. alms 137. grace 176. more 99. movement 138. profane 177. more 100. olive 139. wanting 178. sorrow 101. victory 140. want 179. just 102. adultery 141. zeal 180. justice 103, little 142. perseverance 181. already 104. cross 143. back 182. when 105. seed 144. mute 183. priest 106. free 145. end 184. star 107. beloved 146. suffering 185. priest 108. corruption 147. darkness 186. sickness 109. neighbor 148. supper 187. throne 110. one 149. sister 188. nature 111. joy 150. husband 189. stone 112. around 151. good 190. all 113. new 152. report 191. crown 114. love 153. happiness 192. synagogue 115. serpent 154. family 193. crown 116. rod 155. error 194. fellow 117. white 156. rock 195. cup 118. desolation 157. goodness 196. silver 119. vision 158. youth 197. sick 120. swine 159. unclean 198. belly 121. sin 160. impure 199. vineyard 122. sin 161. impurity 200. book 123. sinner 162. error 201. heart 124. wheat 163. beautiful 202. clothing 125. living 164. knowledge 203. alone 126. debtor 165. Jew 204. bread 127. animal 166. teaching 145 146 WORD LISTS. 205. night 206. tongue 207. food 208. advent 209. for nought 210. patience 211. last 212. desert 213. city 214. anything 215. knowledge 216. gift 217. spot 218. death 219. stroke 220. saviour 221. thought 222. rain 223. water 224. excellent 225. humble 226. humility 227. publican 228. angel 229. king 230. counsel 231. kingdom 232. word 233. number 234. part 235. hypocrisy 236. endurance 237. poor 238. shoe 239. helper 240. fountain 241. baptism 242. defense 243. midst 244. lord 245. Lord 246. ointment 247. tabernacle 248. traitor 249. banquet 250. parable 251. prophet 252. prophecy 253. light 254. river 255. strange 256. fish 257. fire 258. vestment 259. rest 260. guile 261. law 262. temptation 263. soul 264. splendid 265. hope 266. gospel 267. much 268. witness 269. branch 270. work 271. Satan 272. food 273. treasure 274. sword 275. food 276. foolishness 277. blind 278. reclining 279. hair 280. ship 281. scribe 282. vain 283. servant 284. service 285. servitude 286. further 287. quickly 288. time 289. feast 290. church 291. iniquity 292. wicked 293. foreskin 294. wishes 295. custom 296. eye 297. cause 298. youth 299. ever 300. people 301. labor 302. flock 303. cloud 304. root 305. sheep 306. naked 307. bed 308. future 309. old 310. rich 311. fruit 312. body 313. work 314. mouth 315. command 316. redemption 317. phial 318. division 319. saviour 320. face WORD LISTS. 147 321. word 322. idol 323. table 324. thing 325. will 326. with 327. prayer 328. image 329. snare 330. morning 331. sepulture 332. sepulchre 333. holy 334. holiness 335. first 336. gift 337. field 338. truth 339. force 340. resurrection 341. stable 342. word 343. voice 344. little 345. self 346. reed 347. possession 348. city 349. war 350. call 351. hour 352. elder 353. secret 354. great 355. magnitude 356. myriad 357. desire 358. wrath 359. desirable 360. foot 361. spirit 362. afar 363. far 364. mercy 365. head 366. beginning 367. high 368. evening 369. mind 370. thunder 371. blame 372. impious 373. sceptre 374. sabbath 375. tumult 376. glory 377. praise 378. promise 379. rule 380. end 381. rock 382. market-place 383. partaker 384. communion 385. sheol 386. peace 387. rest 388. apostle 389. ruler 390. peace 391. name 392. heaven 393. sun 394. year 395. hour 396. good 397. family 398. true 399. remainder 400. truth 401. chain 402. foundation 403. conscience 404. again 405. thanks 406. confidence 407. disciple 408. then 409. smoke 410. cock 411. throne 412. gate 413. mind 414. glory 415. service 416. fig-tree 417. vessel 418. promise 419. oath TRANSLITERATION OF GENESIS L 1. Bri-shith \fro' ^aloho' yoth sh^mayo' w^yoth 'ar'o'. 2. Wa'r'o' hwoth tuh w^bhuh w*heshshukho' 'al 'appay t^humo' w^ruheh da'loho' mrahhpho' 'al 'appay mayo' we'mar 'aloho' nehwe' nuhro' wahwo' nuhro'. 3. Wahzo' 'aloho' l^nuhro' dh^shappir. 4. Waph^rash 'aloho' bh^th nuhro' lheslishukho\ 6. Wak^ro' 'aloho' Pnuhro' 'imomo' waPheshshukho' kro' lelyo' wali\vo' ramsho' vvah^wo' saphro' yaiimo' hadh. 6. We'mar' aloho' nehwe' r^ki'o' bh^mets'ath mayo' wnehwe' phoresh b^th mayo' Pmayo'. 7. Wa'^bhadh 'aloho' 'arki'o' waph^rash b^th mayo' daPthaht men 'arki'o' w^bh^th mayo' dal^'el men 'arki'o' wahwo' hokhanno'. 8. Wak^ro' 'aloho' la'rki'o' sh^mayo' wahVo' ramsho' wahwo' saphro' yaumo' dhath^r^n. 9. We'mar 'aloho' nethkann^shun mayo' dhaPthaht men shmayo' la^thro' hadh wthethhze' yabbishto' wahwo' hokhanno'. 10. Wak^ro' 'aloho' l^yabbishto' 'aro' waPkhensho' dhmayo' kro' ya{m)me' wah^zo' 'aloho' dhshappir. 11. We'mar 'aloho' thappek 'ar'o' thadho" 'esbo' dh^mezdW zar'o' Pghenseh wi'ylono' dhphi're' dh^'obhedh pi're' Pghensoh dnesbtheh beh 'al 'ar'o' wah^wo' hokhanno'. 12. Wapp^kath 'ar'o' thadho" 'esbo' dh*mezdra' zar'o' Pghenseh wi'ylono dh^'obhedh pi're' dhnesbtheh beh Pghenseh wah^zo' 'aloho' dh^shappir. 13. Wah*wo' ramsho' wah^wo' saphro' yaumo' dhath^lotho'. GENESIS I. 149 14. "We'mar 'aloho' nehwun nahhire' ba'rki'o' dhash^mayo' Pmephrash beth imomo' Plelyo' wnehwun lo'th^wotlio' waPzablme' waPyaumotho' wlashnayo'. 15. W^nehwun manh^rin ba'rkfo' dhash^mayo' Pmanhoru 'al 'ar'o' wahwo' hokhanno'. 16. Wa'^bhadh 'aloho' th^r^n nalihir^' raur^bhe' nahhiro' rabbo' Pshultono dhi'ymomo' wnahhiro' z^'uro" Pshultono' dh^lelyo' w^khauk^bh^'. 17. W^yahbh 'ennun 'aloho' bha'rki'o' dbasb^mayo' Pmanhoru 'al 'ar'o'. 18. Walmeshlat bi'ymomo' wabhlelyo' waPmephrash b^th nuhro' Pheshsbukho' wahzo' 'aloho' dh^shappir. 19. Wah^wo' ramsho' wah^wo' saphro' yaumo' dha'rb^'o'. 20. We'mar 'aloho' narhshun mayo' rahsho' napsho' hayy^tho' wphorahtho' thephrahy 'al 'ar'o' 'al ^appay 'arki'o' dhash^mayo'. 21. Wabh^ro' 'aloho' thannine' raur^bhe' w^khul naphsho' hayy^tho' dh^rahsho' dha'rheshw mayo' Pghens^hun wkhul porah^tho' dh^gheppo' Pghensoh wahzo' 'aloho' dh^shappir. 22. W^bharrekh 'ennun 'aloho' we'mar Phun, prau wasghau wam^lau mayo' dhabhya(m)me'. w^phorah^tho' thesge' bha'r'o'. 23. Wahwo' ramsho' wahwo' saphro' yaumo' dhhamsho'. 24. We'mar 'aloho' thappeky 'ar"o' naphsho' hayy^tho' Pghensoh b'iro' w^rahsho' whaywtho'. dha'r'o' Pghensoh wah^wo' hokhanno'. 25. Wa'^bhadh 'aloho' haywHho' dha'r'o' Pghensoh wabh'iro' Pghensoh wkhulleh rahsho' dha'ro' Pghensauhy wah^zo' 'aloho' dh^shappir. 26. We'mar 'aloho' ne'bedh 'nosho' bh^salman 'aykh d^muthan wneshPtun bnunay yammo' wabhphorahtho' dhash^mayo' wbhabh'iro' wabh^khulloh hayw^tho' dha'r o' wabh'khulloh rahsho' dh^rohesh 'al 'a/o'. 27. Wabh^ro' 'aloho' lo'dhom b^salmeh baflem 'aloho' b^royhy d^khar w^nekbo' bhro' 'ennun. 150 GENESIS I. 28. W^bharrekh 'ennun 'aloho' we'mar lhun 'aloho' ph^rau was^ghau wam^lau Wo' w^khubhsliuh wash^latw bnunay yammo\ wabh^horahUho' dhash^mayo' w^bhabh^'iro' wabhkhulloh hayw^tho' dhrohsho' al 'ar o'. 29. We'mar 'aloho' ho' yebbeth l^khun kulleh 'esbo' dhzar o' dhmezdra' 'al 'appay kulloh 'ar'o' w^khul 'ilon di'yth beh pi'ray 'iloneh dzar'eh mezdra' Pkliuii nehwe' me'khulto' waPkhuUoh haywfcho' dhMhabhro'. 30. WaPkhulloh porahnho'dh'ash^mayo' waPkhul d^ohesh 'al 'aro' dhi'yth beh naphsho' hayy^tho' w^khulleh yurroko' dh^'^esbo' Pme'khulto' wahwo' hokhanno'. 31. Wah^zo' 'aloho' khul da *badh who' tobh shappir wah*wo' ramsho' wah^wo' saphro' yaumo' dheshto'. GENESIS I.-IV. A LITERAL TRANSLATION.* CHAPTER I. 1. In beginning created the God + the heavens and + the earth. 2. And the earth was tuh and buh and the darkness (was) upon the faces of the abyss, and the spirit of him who (is) the God (was) brooding upon the faces of the waters, and said the God, let be the light, and was the light. 3. And saw the God + the light that (it was) good. 4. And separated the God between the light to the darkness. 5. And called the God to the light the day and to the darkness called he the night and it was the evening and it was the morning the day one. 6. And said the God let be the expanse in the midst of the waters and let it be separating between the waters to the waters. 7. And made the God the expanse and separated between the waters which to under from the expanse and between the waters which to above from the expanse, and it was so. 8. And called the God to the expanse the heavens, and it was the evening and it was the morning the day which (is) two. 9. And said the God : let bo assembled the waters which (are) to under from the heavens to the place one and let be seen the dry land, and it was so. 10. And called the God to the dry land the earth and to the gathering of the waters called he the seas, and saw the God that (it was) good. * The + t^ign denotes some particle in Syriac which cannot be translated into English. Words in parenthesis occur in English but not in Syriac. 151 153 GENESIS I. 11. And said the God ; Let cause to go out the earth the grass the herb which is seeding for itself the seed (according) to the kind his and the tree that of the fruits which (is) making the fruits (according) to kind his which sprout his (is) in him upon the earth, and it w^as so. 12. And caused to go out the earth the grass, the herb which (is) seeding for itself the seed (according) to kind his and the tree which (is) making the fruits which sprout his (is) in him (according) to kind his, and saw the God that it was good. 13. And it was the evening and it was the morning the day which (is) three. 14. And said the God let be the light in the expanse that of the heavens to separate between the day to the night, and let them be for the signs and for the times and for the days and for the years. 15. And let them he giving light in the expanse that of the heavens to give light upon the earth, and it was so. 16. And made the God two the lights the great, the light the great for the ruling that of the day and the light the less for the ruling that of the night, and the stars, 17. And gave them the God in the expanse that of the heavens to give light upon the earth. 18. And to rule in the day and in the night and to separate between the light to the darkness, and saw the God that (it was) good. 19. And it was the evening and it was the morning the day which (is) four. 30. And said the God : Let swarm the waters the swarm the soul the living and the bird let her fly upon the earth upon (the) faces of the expanse that of the heavens. 21. And created the God the sea-monsters the great and every (one) the soul the living that of the swarm which swarmed the waters (according) to kind their and every one the bird the living (according) to kind her and saw the God that (it was) good. GENESIS I. 158 22. And blessed them the God and said to them : Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters which are in the seas and the bird let it multiply in the earth. 23. And it was the evening and it was the morning the day which (is) five. 24. And said the God : Let cause to go out the earth the soul the living (according) to kind her, the cattle and swarm and the animal that of the earth (according) to kind her and all of him the swarm that of the earth according to kind her, and it was so. 25. And made the God the animal that of the earth (according) to kind her and the cattle according to kind her and all of him the swarm that of the earth according to kind his and saw the God that (it was)*good. 26. And said the God : Let us make the man in image our according to likeness our and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird that of the heavens and over the cattle and over all of her the animal that of the earth and over all of them the swarm which is swarming upon the earth. 27. And created the God + man in image his in (the) image of the God created he him, male and female created he them. 28. And blessed them the God and said to them : Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue her, and rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird that of the heavens and over the cattle and over all of the animal which is swarming upon the earth. 29. And said the God : Behold I have given to you all of him the herb that of seed which is seeding for itself upon (the) faces of all of her the earth and every tree which exists in him (the) fruits of tree his which seed his (is) seeding for himself. To you shall it be the food and to all of her the animal that of the field. 30. And to all of her the bird that of the heavens and to all which swarmeth upon the earth which exists in it the soul the living and all of him the green that of the herb (shall be) for the food, and it was so. 154 GENESIS II. 31. And saw the God all which he had made and behold (it was) very good and it was the evening and it was the morning the day which is six. CHAPTER II. 1. And were finished the heavens and the earth and all [of him] their host. 2. And finished the God in the day the sixth works his which he had made and he rested himself in the day the seventh from all of them, works his, which he made. 3. And blessed the God + the day the seventh and sanctified him because that in him he had rested himself from all of them, works his, which created the God by making. 4. These (are) the generations those of the heavens and those of the earth when they were created in the day (in) which made the Lord the God the heavens and the earth. 5. And all of them, the trees those of the field, as yet not had been in the earth and all of him the herb that of the field as yet not had gone out, because that not had caused to come down the Lord the God the rain upon (the) faces of the earth and Adam existed not to till (in) the earth. 6. And the mist going up had been from the earth and water- ing had been + all (the) faces of the earth. 7. And formed the Lord the God + Adam (of) the dust from the ground and breathed into nostrils his the breath that of the lives and was Adam to (a) soul (a) living. 8. And planted the Lord the God the Paradise in Eden from east and put there + Adam whom he had formed. 9. And caused to go out the Lord the God from the earth every tree which (is) pleasant to see and good to eat and the tree of the lives in the midst of him that is the park and the tree that of the knowledge that of the good and that of the evil. 10. And the river going was from Eden to water him + the park and from there (it was) separating and becoming four heads. 11. The name of him that (is) one (is) Pishun ; he (is) that sur- rounding + all of her the land that of H^wilo which there (is) gold. GENESIS II. 155 12. And the gold of her that (is) the land, that (is) good ; there (are) bdellium and the stones which (are) the beryl. 13. And the name of him that of the river the second (is) Gishun, that (is) that which (is) surrounding + all of her the land that of Kush. 14. And the name of him that of the river which is three (is) Tigris, that (is) that which (is) going before Assyria and the river which is four he (is) Euphrates. 15. And took the Lord the God + Adam and left him in the park that of Eden that he might till him and keep him. 16. And commanded the Lord the God + Adam and said to him : From all of them the trees those which (are) in the park thou may est eat. 17. And from the tree that of the knowledge that of the good and that of the evil not shalt thou eat from him, because that in the day (in) which thou shalt eat from him the death thou shalt die. 18. And said the Lord the God : Not (is it) good that should be Adam in solitariness his [i.e., alone]. I will make for him the helper like him. 19. And formed the Lord the God from the earth all of her the animal that of the field and all of her the bird that of the heavens and brought them unto Adam that he might see what (he was) calling + them, and all which called to them Adam the soul the living, that is his name. 20. And called Adam the names to all of her the cattle and to all of her the bird that of the heavens and to all of her the animal that of the earth ; and for Adam not was found for him the helper like him. 21. And cast the Lord the God the rest upon Adam and he slept and he took one from ribs his and closed the flesh instead of her. 22. And constructed the Lord the God the rib which he had taken from Adam into the woman and he brought her to Adam. 23. And said Adam : The this the time the bone (is) from bones of me and the flesh from flesh of me, the this shall be called the woman because that from the man (is she) taken. 156 GENESIS III. 24. Because of the this shall leave the man + (the) father of him and + (the) mother of him and shall cleaye to (the) wife of him and shall be the two of them one flesh. 25. And they were (the) two of them naked, Adam and the woman of him and not (were they) ashamed. CHAPTER III. 1. And the serpent was cunning from (i. e., more than) every animal of the field which had made the Lord God and said the serpent to the woman : Truly hath said Grod that not should ye eat from all the trees of the park ? 2. And said the woman to the serpent : (It is true) that from the fruits of the trees which (are) in the park, all of them, we may eat. 3. And from the fruits of the tree which (is) in the midst of him that (is) the park hath said God [that] ye shall not eat from him and ye shall not draw nigh to him lest {i. e., that not) ye die. 4. And said the serpent to the woman : Ye shall not surely die. 5. Because that knows God that in the day that eating (are) ye from him, (shall be) opened your eyes and ye (shall be) exist- ing like God {i. e., as) knowers of the good and the evil. 6. And saw the woman that good (was) the tree for eating and the pleasure he (was) to the eyes and (that) pleasant (was) the tree to look at, and she took from the fruits of him and ate and gave also to her husband with her and he ate. 7. And were opened the eyes those of both of them and they knew that naked (were) they and they sewed the leaves those of the fig-trees and made for them the aprons. 8. And they heard the voice of him who (is) the Lord God (as he was) walking in the park at the turning of him that (is) the day, and they concealed themselves Adam and his wife from before the Lord God in the midst of the trees which (were) in the park. 9. And called the Lord God to Adam and said to him : Where (art) thou Adam ? GENESIS III 157 10. And he said : Thy voice have I heard in the park and I saw that naked (am) I and I hid myself. 11. And said to him the Lord : Who (is) he (that) hath showed thee that naked thou (art) ? Behold from the tree (concern- ing) which I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat from him thou hast eaten. 12. And said Adam : The woman whom thou gavest (to be) with me she has given to me from the tree and I have eaten. And said the Lord Grod to the woman. 13. What is this that thou hast done? And said the woman : The serpent deceived me and I ate. 14. And said the Lord God to the serpent : Because thou hast done this, cursed (be) thou above all cattle and above every animal of the field, and upon thy belly shalt thou go and the dust shalt thou eat all of the days of thy lives. 15. And the enmity shall I put between thee to the woman and between thy seed to her seed ; he shall trample thy head and thou shalt smite him in his heel. 16. And to the woman he said : I will surely multiply thy pains and thy conceptions and in pains shalt thou bear sons [chil- dren] and unto thy husband shalt thou turn thyself and he shall have dominion over thee. 17. And to Adam he said : Because thou hast hearkened to {lit,, heard in) the voice of her who is thy wife and hast eaten from the tree (concerning) which I commanded thee and said to thee, that thou shouldest not eat from him, cursed (be) thy land because of thee in the pains shalt thou eat (of) her all of the days of thy lives. 18. Thorns and thistles shall she bring out for thee and thou shalt eat the herb that of the field. 19. And in the sweat that of thy nostrils {or faces) shalfc thou eat the bread until that thou shalt return to the earth which from her thou hast been taken ; because that the dust thou (art) and to the dust thou shalt return. 20. And called Adam the name of her who (was) his wife Eve, because that she was the mother that of all which (is) living. 21. And made the Lord God for Adam and for his wife the coats those of the skin and clothed them. 158 GENESIS IV. 22. And said the Lord God : Behold Adam has become like one of us (as) to the knowing of the good and the evil. Now lest he stretch out his hand and take also from the tree that of the lives and eat and live for ever. 23. And sent him the Lord God from the park that of Eden to till the earth which he was taken from there. 24. And caused him to go out the Lord God and he caused to go around from the east to the park that of Eden the cherub and the flame of the sword which (was) turning itself to keep the way that of the tree that of the lives. CHAPTER IV. 1. And Adam knew + Eve his wife and she conceived and bare + Cain, and she said : I have gotten the man for the Lord. 2. And she added to bear + his brother Abel. And Abel was feeding the flock and Cain was laboring in (tilling) the earth. 3. And it came to pass after some days that (lit., and) Cain brought from the fruits those of his earth (or ground) the gift to the Lord. 4. And Abel brought, also he, from the firstlings, those of his flock, and from their fatlings ; and took pleasure the Lord in Abel and in his offering. 5. And in Cain and in his offering he did not take pleasure and it displeased Cain [N"ote the idiom] exceedingly and was sad his face {lit., were darkened his nostrils or faces). 6. And said the Lord to Cain : Why art thou displeased, and why has become sad thy face ? 7. Behold if thou doest well, I have accepted ; and if not thou doest well, at the door the sin (is) laid, thou wnlt turn thy- self unto him and he shall have dominion over thee. 8. And said Cain to Abel his brother : Let us go to the plain. And it came to pass that when they (were) in the field arose Cain against Abel his brother and killed him. 9. And said the Lord to Cain : Where is Abel thy brother ? And he said : I know not. His keeper (am) I+that of my brother ? GENESIS IV. 159 10. And he said : What hast thou done ? The voice that of the blood of him who (is) thy brother (is) crying unto me from the earth. 11. Therefore cursed (be) thou from the earth which has opened her mouth and has received the blood of him who (is) thy brother from thy hands. 12. When thou shalt labor in the earth she shall not add that she should give to thee her strength, fleeing and wandering shalt thou be in the earth. 13. And said Cain to the Lord : Great is my sin from that which (is) to remit. 14. Behold thou hast caused me to go out to-day from the faces of the earth and from before thee I shall be hidden and I shall be fleeing and wandering in the earth and anyone who shall find me will slay me. 15. And said to him the Lord : Not so, whosoever (is) the killer of Cain, sevenfold shall he be avenged. And put the Lord the sign on Caiil that should not kill him every (one) whoso- ever (should be) finding -f him. 16. And went out Cain from before the Lord and he dwelt in the Land that of Nod from east of her which (is) Eden. 17. And knew Cain + his wife and she conceived and bare + Enoch and he built the city and called the name of her which (is) the city after the name of his son Enoch. 18. And was born to Enoch Irad, and Trad begat + Mehuel, and Mehuel begat + Methushel and Methushel begat + Lamech. 19. And Lamech took to him two wives, the name of her that (is) one Adah and the name of her which (is) the second {lit., next, or following) Zillah. 20. And bare Adah + Jobal ; he was the father to the inhabiters of the tents and the possessors of the possession. 21. And the name that of his brother (was) Jubal ; he was the father to every (one) who (is) laying hold of the cithara and the kinura. 22. And Zillah also she bare + Tubal-Cain, an artificer in every work that of the brass and that of the iron ; and the sister of him who (is) Tubal-Cain (was) Naamah. 160 GENESIS IV. 23. And said Lamech to his wives : Adah and Zillah hear ye my voice, wives of Lamech hearken to my saying ; because that the man have I killed by my wounds and the youth by my blow. 24. Because that one in seven {i. e., seven-fold) shall be avenged Cain and Lamech to seventy and seven. 25. And knew Adam again + Eve his wife and she conceiyed and bare the son and she called his name Seth, because that has given to me God the seed the other instead of Abel that (or because) slew him Cain. 26. And to Seth also to him (there) was born to him the son and he called his name Enosh. Then began (people) to call on the name of him who (is) the Lord. FOURTEEN DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED ^Y, This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. 1 f^f\n^-^^^ R F 90ct O^nr gg>5^etB&t>-^ "(E^;^:^'' l^n^i^r.. MAY 21 1$b1 T^ N 20 1934^^ 314250 UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA LIBRARY