T 
 
 AND HIS CORRESPONDENTS 
 
 JrlxT L/ illv^J vV.-' Itl ii^iw t Vlli/JLfli JL kj 
 
 1657-1692
 
 PRESENTED BY THE 
 
 SOCIETY OF FRIENDS 
 
 The Bequest of 
 JOHN KENDALL, OF COLCHESTER

 
 STEVEN CRISP 
 
 AND HIS 
 
 CORRESPONDENTS, 
 1657-1692.
 
 ^-';- [1 ' 
 
 , iV,;: 1 :-.. " & I,
 
 STEVEN CRISP 
 
 AND HIS 
 
 CORRESPONDENTS, 
 
 1657-1692, 
 
 BEING A SYNOPSIS OF THE LETTERS IN THE 
 " COLCHESTER COLLECTION," 
 
 EDITED, WITH NOTES AND AN INTRODUCTION, 
 BY C. FELL SMITH. 
 
 Tontuin : 
 
 E. HICKS, JUN., 14, BISHOPSUATK WITHOUT, AND 2, AMEN CORNER, 
 PATEHNOSTEB Row. 
 
 1892,
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 SANTA BARBARA 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 ABOUT two years ago, while preparing the article on 
 John Kendall for The Dictionary of National Biography, 
 I first learned of the existence of the MSS. herein sum- 
 marized. I at once became anxious that documents of such 
 genuine and historical interest should be rendered more 
 accessible, they being then in a somewhat torn and damp 
 condition. They have now, through the prompt generosity 
 of Mr. Wilson Marriage, Mayor of Colchester, been cleaned, 
 mended, and bound in a handsome folio volume, under the 
 supervision of Mr. F. B. Bickley, of the MSS. Department of 
 the British Museum. To both of these my thanks are due. 
 Mr. Marriage's knowledge of the history of Colchester has 
 also been of much assistance to me. 
 
 The future student of early quaker history will now 
 be able to refer to the manuscripts, upon application to 
 the Clerk of the Monthly Meeting of Colchester. To this 
 body of Friends I tender thanks for permission to study them 
 at length ; to Mr. J. J. Beuzemacher, B.A. B. Mus., for 
 some assistance with the Dutch MSS., and to my cousin, Mr. 
 Miller Christy, F.L.S., for many valuable suggestions while 
 seeing the work through the press. 
 
 With regard to the word " Quaker," which I have 
 frequently used, I trust it will offend no one. In con- 
 temporary literature outside the Society, it is the only one 
 used, and, although originally bestowed in jest, it, and the 
 body bearing it, have long since taken up a position honoured 
 by all classes of society. 
 
 Some small portions of the present work have appeared 
 in The British Friend, and I here thank the editor, Mr. J. 
 G. Smeal, for permission to republish them. 
 
 C. FELL SMITH. 
 Gt. Saling, Essex, 
 
 May, 1892.
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 PREFACE ... v . 
 
 INTRODUCTION - - - ix. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS IN THE COLCHESTER COLLECTION 1 
 
 DISTRAINTS AND IMPRISONMENTS IN ESSEX, 1656-1670 - - 67 
 
 APPENDIX A WILL OF STEVEN CRISP - - 76 
 
 B THE CRISP PAPERS AT DEVONSHIRE HOUSE - 78 
 
 INDEX 80 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 COLCHESTER CASTLE. From a photograph. . - Frontispiece 
 
 STEBBING MEETING HOUSE. Drawn by E. Capper. - To face p. xvi. 
 
 FACSIMILE OF CRISP'S ANSWERS TO THE DEPUTY 
 
 LIEUTENANTS - - xxiv. 
 
 DOORWAY OF THE PRISON IN COLCHESTER CASTLE. From 
 
 a drawing by Ernest Poppy - xl. 
 
 GEORGE Fox. From a Phototype of the painting by Sir 
 
 Peter Lely, at Swarthmoor College, Philadelphia liv. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF THE PRINCESS ELIZABETH. From a Print 
 
 at Devonshire House - 20 
 
 PORTRAIT OF JAMES NAYLER. Painted and engraved 
 
 by Francis Place - 48 
 
 AN AMSTERDAM QUAKER 65 
 
 COTTAGE AT BALING, FORMERLY A MEETING HOUSE 
 
 Drawn by E. Capper - - ,,70
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The Collection of MSS. now edited were bequeathed by 
 Steven Crisp, of Colchester, to the Monthly Meeting of that 
 place, and after his death, in 1692, they remained obscure 
 and unheeded for more than a century. John Kendall, of 
 Colchester, the quaker philanthropist, and a scholar of no 
 mean ability, made a small selection from them in his " Letters 
 of I. Penington, to which are added Letters of Steven Crisp, 
 William Penn, R. Barclay, and others" (Lond., 1796), and it was 
 proposed by the editors of " Collectitiae" (York, 1824), to in- 
 clude the most important of the remainder. This publication, 
 however, proceeded only to the fourth number, and although 
 parts or the whole of twenty-two letters were given in the 
 two volumes, both are now so seldom seen that they are 
 practically useless for any purposes of reference. 
 
 In this end of the nineteenth century undoubtedly a 
 time of publishing from some cause or another, perhaps 
 from the spread of individual thought and inquiry, awakened 
 by vast strides of scientific knowledge which cannot be 
 ignored, a large amount of curiosity has been manifested in 
 the early rising and doings of that most individual of all the 
 sects, the Quakers. 
 
 Springing, as they did, from the spiritual enthusiasm of an 
 enquiring, but untutored, Leicestershire shoemaker, and 
 assuming in the space of less than fifty years the vast propor- 
 tions of 100,000 members, they formed a power in the nation 
 whose influence has been surely felt. From the very first, 
 the position they occupied was singular. Their hand was 
 against every man, and every man's hand against them. 
 Churchmen, Papists, Anabaptists, Seekers, Ranters, Familists, 
 Presbyterians, no matter what a man's creed, he was mistaken
 
 X. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 in theory and wrong in practice to the quaker who had im- 
 bibed the teaching of the " inward Light." And, in their 
 dogged adherence to their own convictions, their resolute 
 performance of duties they conceived imposed on them by 
 conscience, in the face of insult and molestation, they un- 
 doubtedly set on foot the scheme of toleration which every 
 day is rendering more and more perfect. 
 
 The greatest number of recruits for the new Society were, 
 of course, humble unlettered persons, but there also joined 
 the ranks (beside Penn and Barclay, whose names are sy- 
 nonymous with early Quakerism) men like Samuel Fisher, 
 Thomas Lawson, and Richard Claridge, all of whom received 
 university training, and took orders in the Church of England 
 before turning quakers. 
 
 Steven Crisp did not belong to either the humble or the 
 more highly educated. He was a typical example of the 
 middle class, well educated (for he could write in fair Latin) 
 diligent in business, and owning a competency sufficient to 
 free him for those continued travels for the spreading of his 
 new principles, in which his after life was spent. His was a life 
 of considerable importance to the student of early quaker 
 history, for from his personal and intellectual gifts, as a man 
 of extreme judgment and amiability, as well as of consider- 
 able culture and large views, the position he held was that of 
 a central pillar in the edifice of the new church which was 
 in the process of being reared. His residence, moreover, 
 in his native town of Colchester, and his acquaintance with 
 the Dutch language, peculiarly fitted him to be the connecting 
 link between the large body of converts in Holland, and the 
 pioneers of quakerism in England. From Harwich, all those 
 who visited the towns of Amsterdam, The Hague, Embden, 
 Quedlinburg, Groningen, and others where the new faith had 
 penetrated, set sail ; and Steven Crisp's house in Moor Lane 
 became the resort, in going and returning, of many earnest 
 men and women, by whose exertions the spread of quakerism 
 was secured. It was in this way, as well as by his constant
 
 INTRODUCTION. xi. 
 
 travels in all parts of England, Scotland, Holland, and Ger- 
 many, that Steven Crisp made such a large circle of acquaint- 
 ances. 
 
 The present volume notices letters to or from no less 
 than fifty-two different persons. Among his corres- 
 pondents will be found the Princess Elizabeth of the 
 Palatine, eldest daughter of the unfortunate Queen of 
 Bohemia, and grand daughter of James I., the pupil 
 of Descartes, and one of the most talented women of her 
 time. Crisp had intended to visit her, but he was prevented by 
 illness and the length of the journey. He therefore wrote 
 her an Epistle, printed in his " Works," p. 406. To this 
 probably her letter, No. 22, is the reply, the date of it being 
 about 1672. Benjamin Furly, the friend of Algernon Sidney 
 and John Locke ; John Rous, the son of a wealthy West 
 Indian planter, who married Margaret Fell ; James Parnel, 
 the first Quaker who paid for his principles with his life, 
 and under whose preaching Crisp first heard of quakerism ; 
 William Caton, who afterwards became his brother-in-law ; 
 Mrs. Judith Zinspenning Sewel, the mother of the quaker 
 historian, and a woman of singular talent, together with many 
 other persons, equally well known and historically interesting, 
 are to be met and conversed with in these letters, written in 
 the quaint, crabbed handwriting of the seventeenth century. 
 Of Sewel himself, we have a glimpse in a letter from Wm. 
 Caton, when he was twelve years old, " He lives with his 
 uncle, learns Latin, and is very apt at study, but childish in 
 other things." 
 
 The character of Crisp is very finely developed in the 
 course of this correspondence, and he is seen holding an 
 almost unique position in the Society, to which his robust, 
 uncompromising directness, tempered by extreme justice, 
 judgment, tact, and something more of the spirit of concilia- 
 tion than distinguished some of its earliest members, made 
 him invaluable. Thus he became the arbitrator in disputes, 
 the adviser in matters legal and political of the Society, and
 
 Xli. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 the stern and wise rebuker of the foolish, fanatical, or 
 contumacious. 
 
 In all these lights do the letters reveal him, busy ever, as 
 he says in his autobiography, "helping and assisting the 
 Lords people according to my ability, both in their spiritual 
 and temporal concerns, as the Lord of my life gave me an 
 understanding . . . for he opened me in many things 
 relating to the affairs of this world that I might be as a staff 
 to the weak in those things, and might stand by the widow 
 and fatherless and plead the right of the poor, in all which 
 I sought neither honour nor profit, and He whom I feared 
 was my reward." As Josiah Coale, Crisp's companion on 
 one of the journeys to Holland, rather lamely, but well- 
 meaningly, expresses it, in his letter from Guilford, 12th 
 Nov., 1661 (No. 107), his "share both in sufferings and re- 
 joicings, has been as large as any, and in some sense more 
 large ; for many although they are upright, have not the 
 sense to feel the weights and burthens which many ways 
 may be occasioned, as some others have, who must bear the 
 burthen of the weak that they may be eased ; and some- 
 times must bear the burthens of the wicked also, and of false 
 brethren, which is the greatest suffering of all ; and this I 
 know thou art not insensible of, but hast had thy share." 
 
 The letter (No. 24) addressed to William Penn by Crisp, in 
 1684, gives us an insight into the position he ultimately 
 attained, when he could write in such a strain to a man of 
 eminence and scholarship so widely acknowledged as the 
 Founder of Pennsylvania. A small portion of the letter is 
 here given. 
 
 " Dear William, I have had a great exercise of spirit concerning thee, 
 which none knows . . . For my spirit hath been much bowed into 
 thy concern and difficulty of thy present circumstance ; and I have had 
 a sense of the various spirits, and intricate cares, and multiplicity 
 affairs, and they of various kinds, which daily attend thee, and are enough 
 to drink up thy spirit and tire thy soul, and which, if it is not kept to 
 inexhaustible fountain, may be dried up. And this I must tell thee
 
 INTRODUCTION. xiii. 
 
 which thou also knowest, that the highest capacity of natural wit and 
 parts, will not and cannot perform what thou hast to do, viz., to propa- 
 gate and advance the interest and profit of the government and plantation 
 [Pennsylvania] . . . There is a wisdom in government that hath 
 respect to its own preservation, by setting up what is profitable to it, and 
 suppressing what may be a detriment ; and this is the image of the true 
 wisdom . . . There is a power on earth, by which princes declare 
 justice, this is the image ; and there is a power which is heavenly . . 
 and this is the substance . . . He that is a true delegate in 
 this power can do great things for Gods glory, and shall have his reward, 
 and shall be a judge of the tribes. 
 
 I hope thou will bear this my style of writing to thee. My spirit is 
 under great weight at the writing thereof, and much I have in my heart, 
 because I love thee well . . . My prayer to God is for thee, and 
 you all, that you may be kept in the Lord's pure and holy way ; and 
 above all for thee dear W. P., whose feet are upon a mountain, by which 
 the eyes of many are upon thee ; the Lord furnish thee with wisdom, 
 courage, and a sound judgment, prefer the Lord's interest, and he will 
 make thy way prosperous." 
 
 In Perm's reply, he writes rather playfully of a letter 
 from Gertrude Dericks, enclosed in Crisp's, in which 
 she questions him about some cannon of anti-quaker pro- 
 clivities. " There was an old timber house," he says, " below 
 a gaol, above the sessions house, that had seven small, old iron 
 cannon upon the green about it, some on the ground, others 
 on broken carriages ; not one soldier, or arms borne, or 
 militia-man seen, since I was first in Pennsylvania. So that 
 I am as innocent of any act of hostility as she herself ; for 
 the guns lying so, without soldiers, powder, bullet, or any 
 garrison, is no more than if she bought a house with a musket 
 in it ; and the guns are to go to New York, for they belong 
 to that place ; however, I take it kindly of her." 
 
 Steven Crisp was born in Colchester, in August of the year 
 1628. He was the son of Steven and Elizabeth Crisp, who 
 both joined the Society about the same time as their son. 
 Previous to 1655, there is no information to hand about the 
 Crisp family. They probably lived in Colchester, although
 
 xiv. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 we find a widow and three children of that name, living at 
 St. Osyth. Steven, senior, took an active part in the local 
 affairs of Friends, and his name appears on various appoint- 
 ments in the Meeting Book of the time. He is always spoken 
 of in affectionate terms by his son, and he and his wife are 
 mentioned by Judith Zinspenning, in her letter to Crisp in 
 1664 (No. 33). Within a year of that time, Elizabeth Crisp, 
 Steven's mother, died of the plague, which carried off so 
 many in Colchester. She was buried in Moor Lane. His 
 father lived until the 24th of January, 1672, when he died, 
 aged about fifty-six, and was buried in the "New 
 Yard." 
 
 The final entry in the present Collection, singularly enough, 
 alludes to him as follows : " Distrained upon acct. of the 
 Late Act against Meetings w ch took place y e 10th of 3rd mo., 
 1670. By warrant from the Mayor, Recorder, and Justices 
 of the town. . . Steven Crisp, senior, fined 5s., had taken 
 from him two blankets, valued at 10s." 
 
 The younger Steven seems to have been a remarkably serious 
 child, and with a conscience abnormally developed. In his 
 autobiography he says : " When I was about nine or ten years 
 old, I sought the power of God with great diligence and earnest- 
 ness, with strong cries and tears ; and if I had had the whole 
 world, I would have given it, to have known how to obtain 
 the power over my corruptions. And when I saw the care- 
 lessness of other children, and their profaneness, and that 
 they did not, that I could discern, think of God, nor were in 
 trouble, though they were far more wicked than I in their 
 speech and actions Ah, Lord ! thought I, what will become 
 of these, seeing so heavy a hand is upon me, T can find 
 neither peace nor assurance of Thy love ? " Then he goes on 
 to relate how his " ears were lent to the discourses and dis- 
 putations of the times, which were very many ; and one 
 while I let in one thing, and another while another," so he 
 " grew a very persevering hearer and regarder of the best 
 ministers, as they were reputed, and went with as much
 
 INTRODUCTION. XV. 
 
 diligence and cheerfulness to reading and to hearing sermons, 
 as other children went to their play and sportings." 
 
 In this simple remark, we can trace some analogy to the 
 contradictions of the times, which, while frivolous and licen- 
 tious on the one hand, were, on the other, so imbued with 
 the stern spirit of an austere religion, that even the tender child 
 of twelve was drawn into the contemplation of the mysteries 
 of the doctrine of election. He describes his sufferings in 
 lurid colours. " In this iron furnace I toiled and laboured, 
 and none knew my sorrows and griefs, which, at times, were 
 almost intolerable, that I wished I had never been born, or 
 that my end might be like the beasts of the field ; for I 
 counted them happy, since they had no such bitter conflict 
 here as I had, nor should endure that hereafter, which I 
 feared I must endure after all." 
 
 It may have been the recollection of these childish torments 
 that prompted him, many years after, to bring out " A New 
 Book for Children to learn in, or the Child's Primer," 1681. 
 Whether from the influence of his collaborator or no, the 
 little book, written in conjunction with George Fox the 
 younger, abounds in stern invective and somewhat involved 
 theology, little suited to children, but it became apparently 
 much used by Dutch and English parents. 
 
 When he was about seventeen, Crisp began attending the 
 meetings of the Separatists in Colchester, and continued more or 
 less attached to that body for some time. What part he played 
 in the stirring events that followed 1641, we cannot say. 
 Doubtless he remained in Colchester during the siege, sharing 
 with the other inhabitants, the privations of famine and dis- 
 tress, endured in common with the Royalist garrison, with 
 whom they were so little in sympathy. Colchester, as a town, 
 was, from the first dawn of the conflict, of strong Puritan and 
 Parliamentarian sympathies. 
 
 Crisp was probably entirely occupied with his business, 
 which was that of bays or baize-making. The material was 
 a coarse kind of flannel, very much shrunk, and forme r-
 
 Xvi. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 ly more in use than at the present time. Its manufacture 
 was a substantial industry in Essex, having been introduced 
 by the Flemings about 1570 (Morant, vol. i. p. 75). It was 
 extensively carried on at Halstead and Booking, but Col- 
 chester was the principal centre. Cromwell in his " History 
 of Colchester" (London, 1825, p. 288) says: "It has even been 
 calculated that the trade brought the town a return of 
 30,000 weekly." All " bays " were searched and sealed in 
 the Dutch Bay Hall, at C61chester, and the fines for fraudu- 
 lent measurements and materials were distributed with 
 great exactitude to the poor, in cloth. The fines from 
 the English merchants were given to the English poor, and 
 those from the Dutch merchants to the Dutch poor. The 
 greatest amount thus collected in any year, was 243 5s. 3d. 
 in 1683, which was about the time of the Bay and Say 
 makers' highest prosperity. It will be seen by a reference to 
 p. 74 that " bay lists " were taken from the Friends for 
 fines, &c. The Dutch congregation was allowed the use of one 
 of the parish churches, until they acquired one of their own, 
 Wright ("History of Essex," vol. i., p. 335) says in Head-street, 
 with a house for the minister. The wooden frame-work of 
 this was sent ready to put together from Holland. Wright 
 gives a description of the house, which was burned down 
 early in this century, and says a window frame in the front 
 bore the date 1677. Morant gives the situation of the Dutch 
 church as St. Mary's Lane. Wherever it was, the congregation 
 was dissolved in 1728, their trade having been ruined by the 
 wars with Spain. There are a few interesting notes on the 
 successive ministers of this church, in Burn's " History of 
 Foreign Protestant Refugees " (Lond. 1846, p. 214). 
 
 Steven Crisp married in the year 1648, when he was twenty 
 years old. His marriage register has, so far, not been traced. 
 His wife's name was Dorothy. She joined the Society with 
 her husband, and was in high esteem among the Friends, for 
 in the early Women's Meeting book still preserved at Col- 
 chester, her name occurs with much regularity, on various
 
 INTRODUCTION. xvii. 
 
 appointments up to the time of her death. She is occasionally 
 mentioned in these and other letters. In one from Crisp, 
 dated Amsterdam, 20th April, 1663, addressed probably to 
 John Furly, of Colchester, he says : "Tell my dear Dorothy 
 that I intend next post to write to her ; or by Feedham, if 
 he come." (Kendall's Letters, p. 101.) Soon after his 
 marriage, Steven Crisp settled in the house where the 
 remainder of his life in Colchester was spent. It was 
 in the old Moor, or Moor Elms Lane, now Priory St., 
 which ran along the outside of the town wall from below 
 East Gate, and passing the south-eastern corner of the wall, 
 fell in St. Botolph St. It was named from the " more " or 
 garden belonging to St. Botolph's Priory, which adjoined 
 the lane. 
 
 Steven and Dorothy Crisp had two children, both of whom 
 died young. A daughter, named after Steven's mother, 
 Elizabeth, died during the visitation of plague at Colchester, 
 1665 and 6. Between May 1665, and Oct. 1666, no less than 
 ninety-eight Friends were buried, which affords a good idea 
 of their numbers in Colchester at the time. 
 
 In June, 1655, Crisp heard of the arrival in the town of 
 James Parnel. His fame had preceded him as a youth 
 " filled with the name and power of the most High, and who 
 had turned many to righteousness." Steven went to see 
 him, and entered into argument, thinking, as he describes 
 in his autobiography, by his superior years and experience, 
 to easily withstand this young lad of eighteen. He 
 himself was then twenty-seven. He u quickly came to per- 
 ceive that the spirit of sound judgment was in Parnel, and 
 the witness in himself," he adds, signified that he must 
 "own it as being just and true." So the same day he 
 went to a meeting and heard Parnel preach, and soon 
 became a zealous quaker. Within two years, he was 
 imprisoned in the Moot Hall at Colchester, "by the said 
 William Motte, deputy recorder, for speaking to a priest 
 in the same steeplehouse [St. Peter's], and then by the
 
 XViii. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 Mayor and Aldermen set at liberty. And after that, he 
 was indited again for the same, and fined twenty shillings 
 by the sessions, and committed to prison again by John 
 Vicars, Mayor in ye year 1657, till it should be paid, where 
 he was kept some time." This authentic information about 
 Crisp's earliest imprisonment, is to be found on fol. 297 of 
 the Crisp Collection of MSS., " Imprisonments and Distraints 
 in Essex." 
 
 From this visit of Parnel, dates the commencement of the 
 Society in Essex. Friends shortly afterwards became numerous 
 in every part of the county. Colchester became, and long 
 remained the principal centre, owing largely to the recep- 
 tivity of the Dutch population to imbibe the teaching of Fox. 
 The first meetings in Colchester were probably held in 
 private houses. As early as 1669 a burial ground in Moor 
 Lane was presented by Thomas Bayles, and in 1672, a large 
 Meeting House in St. Martin's Lane was purchased (see No. 
 108). In 1683 the building known as St. Helen's Chapel was 
 purchased in addition, and both were used until about 1801, 
 when another meeting-house was provided in East Stockwell 
 Street. By 1667, the numbers of Friends had assumed such pro- 
 portions in Essex, that, at a General Meeting held at Felstead, 
 13th of Sept., 1667, by George Fox's appointment, it was de- 
 cided to divide the county into six Monthly Meetings, viz. : 
 Colchester, Coggeshall, Felstead, Ham and Waltham, Witham, 
 and Thaxted. This arrangement remains still in force, 
 although the nomenclature seems anomalous, since there are 
 at present no Friends left at Felstead, Thaxted, or Witham, 
 and for convenience sake, those meetings adjoining London, 
 have been added to that Quarterly Meeting. 
 
 As the Society increased, Meeting Houses and burial grounds 
 were built or purchased in many places. Some of the former, 
 as Witham, Thaxted, and Felstead, have been long in disuse, 
 or are let to other denominations. Friends from the first 
 were careful to provide burial grounds near or adjoining all 
 their Meeting Houses. George Fox set forth in No. XVI of his
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 " Friends Fellowship," 1668, reprinted as " Canons and 
 Institutions," 1669, that" Friends do buy convenient bury- 
 ing-places, as Abraham did, who bought a place to bury his dead, 
 . . . and let them be decently and well fenced." In 
 the succeeding Canon, it is desired that Friends buy con- 
 venient books for registering the Births, Marriages, and 
 Burials, and thus, in 1668, was instituted that admirable 
 system which the Society has ever since practised. 
 
 The first Meeting House erected in Essex, is that still 
 standing in the long, straggling village street of Stebbing, 
 three miles from Dunmow. An illustration of this faces 
 p.xvi. The date, 1675, and some ornamental scroll work over 
 the door, are so reduced in the illustration that the former 
 can scarcely be deciphered. The building is of thin red 
 bricks, with an exceedingly conical roof. The casement 
 windows and arched doorway at the side, are the oldest 
 parts. A massive oaken bar fastens this door on the inside, 
 the walls are panelled to about the height of these windows. 
 The porch and windows in the front of the building are 
 manifestly of later date. The ground on which this Meeting 
 House stands, with, probably, a house or building after- 
 wards converted or demolished, was, it appears from a 
 MS. book at Colchester, purchased in 1675, of John 
 Lane of Stebbing, for the sum of 30, by Thomas Child. 
 In the same year, it was conveyed to five Friends, viz. : 
 John Jesper, Stephen Chopping, Joseph Levitt, Francis 
 Marriage, and William Evener. This list is interesting, for 
 any person acquainted with Stebbing, will recognise at least 
 four of these surnames as being, until recently, represented 
 in the village. 
 
 In the same year, a Meeting House was purchased in the 
 adjoining parish of Sal ing. The property consisted of a mes- 
 suage or tenement, with garden, and a croft of about one acre. It 
 was bought for the sum of 20, of William Crow, sen., and 
 William Crow, jun., by Edward Mansfield, John Emson, 
 John Peachy, John Smith, and John Start. The Crows
 
 XX. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 were evidently Friends, and appear to have been a family of 
 some note in the parish, for the road on which the cottage, 
 figured in our illustration facing p. 70, stands, is to this day 
 known as Crow's Green. The yew-tree I believe to have 
 been planted at this time. In the same year as it was pur- 
 chased (1675), this property was, by the five Friends named, 
 conveyed to William Crow, his son William, John Mansfield, 
 Henry Smith, and Joseph Forster. In 1702, a fresh convey- 
 ance was made to Zachary Child, some of whose family were 
 among the earliest Friends imprisoned in Colchester Castle. 
 Zachary lived at Felstead, a village adjoining Stebbing. 
 Here also there was a meeting-house as we have seen, as early 
 as 1672. It was probably not the building now standing. 
 
 After this slight review of affairs in the county, we will 
 return to Crisp and his history. Notwithstanding all there 
 was to keep him in Colchester, he, in 1659, was one of the 
 600 Friends who offered to " lie body for body " instead of 
 those who were then suffering in dungeons. These sub- 
 stitutes were not accepted. 
 
 It is not easy at the present time to understand the fear 
 and dread with which Crisp, and many other of the early 
 Friends, received the first intimations of their " call " to be- 
 come travelling preachers for the truth. It meant, of course, 
 absence from home for frequent and prolonged intervals, 
 with but scanty and insufficient news from those they left ; 
 but they were only too well aware also, that it meant always 
 contempt and derision from the religious, as well as the plea- 
 sure-loving section of the people, and very often, direst 
 hardships, imprisonment, and even death. 
 
 Crisp says he was loath to forsake his dear wife and chil- 
 dren, his father and mother, and he would have pleaded his 
 own inability, the care of his family, his service in the meet- 
 ing at Colchester, and many other things, that he might be 
 excused this thing that he had not looked for, but he found it 
 of no avail, so he gave up with " pretty much cheerfulness,"
 
 INTRODUCTION. xxi. 
 
 and started some time in September, 1659, through Lincoln- 
 shire and Yorkshire to Scotland, u to bear witness to that 
 high professing nation." 
 
 Halting at York on the way north, he was roughly handled 
 by the Mayor, who entered the meeting while Steven Crisp 
 was at prayer, and dragged him violently into the street. In 
 Scotland, too, he was sometimes ill received by the people, 
 especially at Dalkeith, where, he says, " had not the soldiers 
 appeared as a stop to their murderous purposes against me, 
 their works of mischief had more appeared." He continues in 
 his Journal, " I travelled to and fro that winter on foot, with 
 cheerfulness. Many straits and difficulties attended me (which 
 I forbear to mention), it being the time of the motion of the 
 English and Scottish armies, upon which came the revolution 
 of government, and the bringing back King Charles the Second 
 into England." 
 
 During this northern journey, Crisp records that he " lacked 
 nothing," yet all along a " secret hope " did live in him, that 
 when it was safely accomplished, he should be freed from 
 future service, and at liberty to return to his calling and 
 family. In this hope, however, he was much mistaken, since 
 his life from this time was but a long series of missionary 
 visits to the colonies of quakers in all parts of England, and 
 the north of Europe. 
 
 About January, 1660, Crisp turned his face homewards, and 
 travelling through Westmoreland, Lancashire, and othercoun- 
 ties,he arrived at Cambridge in the end of June. On the 2nd of 
 July, he assembled with the Friends there, " in their own 
 hired house as usual, "when a tumult of students, accompanied, 
 it is said, by some of the senior Fellows and Proctors, with 
 townsmen and boys, broke in upon them, spending their ill- 
 advised fury in such ways, that they richly earned the des- 
 cription given of them by Fox (" Journal," ed. 1765, p. 144), 
 that " the miners, colliers, and carters could never be ruder." 
 A letter dated 16th July, 1660, and signed by twenty-nine 
 Friends (Besse's " Sufferings," vol. i., p. 88), describing the fury
 
 XXii. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 of the mob, who battered down large portions of the walls, was 
 drawn up and presented by Margaret Fell to the King (see the 
 endorsement of the MS. copy among the Crisp Papers at 
 Devonshire House, App. B.) ; but the sole result was that an 
 order was given in Council for the pulling down of the house. 
 The same year, 120 Friends were imprisoned in Cambridge 
 for refusing the oath of allegiance. 
 
 In his Journal, Crisp is uniformly silent about all his 
 imprisonments. Perhaps he judged it sufficient that they 
 were recorded in the official " Book of Sufferings," kept by each 
 meeting by order of Fox. Among the queries annually made at 
 that time, were the significant ones, " How many prisoners 
 have you ? " and " How many have died prisoners ? " It is 
 quite in keeping with Crisp's generous spirit, that in the 
 whole of his diary, he only once vaguely mentions that " a 
 prison became my portion, nigh two hundred miles from 
 home." This happened in the same year, 1660. For when 
 he had only been at home a few days, he " departed north- 
 ward again at the commandment of the Lord." On the llth 
 of November, he was present at a meeting in the house of 
 Simon Townsend, at Norton, in Durham. A party of soldiers, 
 commanded by Captain Bellasis, came and arrested several 
 present. They were carried before a justice, who commanded 
 them to appear before the next sessions, which they did, and 
 were at once committed to prison for refusing the oath of 
 allegiance. Crisp was separately confined from the others, 
 in company with one Thomas Turner. A letter written 
 by them to the Deputy Lieutenants, &c., while in prison, is 
 here printed, from the copy in Crisp's writing, preserved in 
 the small bundle of Crisp papers at Devonshire House. It 
 is endorsed A coppy of our Remonstrance to the Deputy Lts. 
 and Justices of Gomitatis Durham. 
 
 From the same source we have his answers to the Deputy 
 Lieutenants, see facsimile p. xxiv., which is interesting, 
 as it affords the earliest autobiographical information of 
 Crisp. (For a transcript of this see p. liv.)
 
 INTRODUCTION. Xxiii. 
 
 To the Deputy Lieutenants and ye Justices of Peace for ye County of 
 Durham, or any ofym to whose hands this may come : 
 
 " Ffriends, we having taken into serious consideration your civill 
 demeanour towards us yesterday, which wee gratefully acknowledge 
 (and thank y e Lord for it) and your moderation and soft flexable 
 [nes] and temperatenes of spirit so e much appeared concerning us, 
 in giving and allowing us liberty to speake for ourselves and for 
 ye truth soe freely before you, and this we say is in you honorable 
 and of good report, for indeed it soe becomes not only you but all 
 y m y* are in authority : and this you will find tending to ye peace 
 and tranquillity of these nations : as you are guided in moderation 
 and in y e spirit of meekness, for y fruit of this spirit is love, long- 
 suffering, mercy, and forbearance, and who or what majestrate is 
 found herein is blameless before y e Lord, and beares not ye sword 
 in vaine. We therefore proceed to let you know and see how 
 willing we are to comply with what may conduce to ye peace of 
 the nation, and as neere as we can condescend to your requirings, 
 still eyming [aiming] and minding to keepe ourselves in obedience 
 to y e doctrine of Christ, which whosoever departs from, falls into 
 condemnation : and thus to show you a testimony of our fidellity, and 
 to retaliate your before-mentioned civility, we having well con- 
 sidered y e whole matter, doe thereupon declare as followeth : 
 
 That for y e removing of all jealousys and suspicions that hath or 
 may arise in you, or any of you, concerning us your prisoners 
 allegiance and subjection to y e king and his government over these 
 nations, we doe solemnly and from our hearts declare in y 8 presence 
 of him y l searcheth y e same, that we doe owne King Charles y e 
 Second to bee lawfull king of these nations, and supream majestrate 
 over y e same, with all y e territory s thereunto belonging. And 
 that y e power of government, which God by a special power hath 
 put into his hand, is not subordinate to any power, prince, potentate, 
 emperor, king, man or men, counsel or counsels, in any nation 
 under heaven. Neither doe wee believe, but utterly detest, that any 
 power or just-right is in y e pope or see of Roome to depose him from 
 this his dignity and government, or to dispose of any of y e lands 
 and territorys unto which it extends, unto y e government and rule 
 of any other pson or psons whatsoever, or to discharge us or any of 
 his people in this nation, from their obedience and subjection to y 
 king, upon any pretence whatsoever. And further, wee doe pf esse and
 
 xxiv. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 solemnly declare that we will ney ther plot, nor conspire, nor contrive, 
 any thing or matter against his pson or government, nor abett, assist, 
 or hold confederacy with any that soe shall doe, but one y e contrary, 
 shall as good subiects, both to him, and his successors, seeke to 
 suppresse ye same what in us lyeth, and also to give y e truest and 
 timelyest notice wee can of any such plott, contrivance, or con- 
 spiracy, to the king or sume of his faithfull officers and ministers, 
 y* they may suppresse y e same with most expedition. And farther 
 wee doe declare in y e singlnes of our hearts, that our refusing any 
 part of y e forme of words comonly used in this behalf e, is not from 
 any reserved intention of disobedience, or to have unto ourselves a 
 liberty of disloyalty, but only for conscience sake, upon considera- 
 tion of some words in y e Holy Scriptures, and also wee doe hereby 
 declare y 4 if ever wee bee found acting any thing or things contrary 
 to this our declaration and recognition, or anything thereunto 
 [belonging, paper torn], then we say wee doe and shall acknowledge 
 ourselves liable to such paines and penalties as are provided 
 against those who having sworne allegiance to y e King, are found 
 violating y e same, and to this our free and voluntary Ingagem* we 
 have cordially subscribed our names, and if it be required of us for 
 confirmation of ye same, are also ready to. sett to our seales. 
 
 S. C. T. T. 
 
 At y e place of our confinement, 
 this 18 of ye ii *Mo. 1660." 
 
 In Vol. xxxi. of the State Papers (Domestic), at the Record 
 Office, is a letter from Dr. John Barwickf to John Nicholas, 
 dated Feb. 1661, in which he says that he " sends some inter- 
 cepted letters and papers, by which it is clear that the leaders 
 of the Quakers stand on punctilios of honour. He has had 
 conferences at the sessions, at the request of the justices, 
 with Crisp, of Colchester, the leader of them in the county, 
 who had given hopes of relenting, but his only answer was 
 that the testimony within forbade him to take the oath." 
 This letter shows that even then, six years after joining the 
 
 * Eleventh Month (Jan.). 
 
 f John Barwick (1612-1664), Canon of Durham, and Dean of St. Paul's, a 
 royalist high churchman of unblemished reputation, was appointed about this 
 time to visit the bishops, and obtain their opinion about the episcopal suc- 
 cession. He declined to accept a mitre, lest it should be said his anxiety to 
 maintain this arose from personal hopes.
 
 t ^ I , j^-* -i ~i 
 -U44, 1 4^.3 * 
 
 f ^ _ ^ f-a -
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXV. 
 
 Society, Crisp was looked upon as one of its leaders. 
 
 In Feb. 1662, Crisp was apprehended at a meeting in a 
 private house at Harwich, and committed with Mary Vander- 
 wall of Harwich, Edward Boyce, and William Martin to 
 prison there. They wrote a paper dated from Harwich 
 Common Gaol (No. 73), protesting against the illegality of 
 the proceeding, the mittimus having been written before 
 their examination. The exact term of their imprisonment 
 has not been ascertained, but on 25th Sept., Crisp was still 
 there, and wrote two letters to Justice Eld red, of Olivers, 
 Stanway, near Colchester (App. B., Nos. 23, 24). 
 
 In 1663 a vehement persecution of the Friends took place 
 in Colchester, under William Moore, Mayor, who, during two 
 years of office, imprisoned more than sixty in the Moot Hall. 
 These must have consisted of Colchester Friends, or those 
 visiting the town, for while all Friends from other parts of 
 Essex were confined in the Castle, which was the county gaol, 
 the townsmen of Colchester were committed by the Mayor 
 to the Moot Hall, it being the borough prison. The remains 
 of this building were to be seen forty years ago. The drawing 
 facing p. xl. shows the entrance to the cells, situated in the 
 keep of the Castle, where Frances Marriage, Andre w Smith, and 
 John Child, of Felstead, with many others, both men and 
 women, were confined. The irons still remain in situ in 
 the damp, dark prison, about which, in spite of the white- 
 washed wails, one can hardly find the way. 
 
 From the 25th October throughout the entire winter, the 
 persecution in Colchester raged. The meeting-houses were 
 closed and barricaded, but the Friends assembled outside. 
 They were forcibly dispersed by troopers, they gathered again 
 as usual. In Creese's " History of the Quakers," 1696, and 
 Besse's " Sufferings," vol. i., pp. 199, 200, a full account is to 
 be found. Crisp was one of the first arrested, and he remained 
 about a year in prison. A letter which is not dated, but 
 which was probably written a few weeks after his arrest, to 
 the new Mayor, as it greets him as " the ruler of a great and
 
 XXVi. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 mighty people," must have sufficiently shown William 
 Moore what manner of people he had to deal with. 
 " It is not thy frowns nor threats, thy imprisoning nor 
 amerciaments, that can deter us ... I tell thee 
 thou hast a people to deal withal in this town, whose 
 God and worship is dearer to them than their natural lives. 
 And if thou shouldst so shut them up, and deprive them of 
 that comfort to their outward man, which God allows, and 
 nature requires, as to bring any to the laying down their 
 lives for their Testimony, yet the thing which thou strikest 
 at will still flourish more and more." ("Works," p. 112). 
 On the 10th February, 1664, Caton writes to Crisp from 
 Yarmouth prison (No. 137), condoling with him on his bonds. 
 On the 1st October, 1664, Steven addressed a letter to the 
 Mayor, in which he states he has been forty-eight weeks 
 in the Moot Hall (" Works," p. 109). Some had been there 
 even longer, for he says : "Thou art now the third Mayor in 
 this town, since some of us were committed to prison, for no 
 other thing than being at a peaceable meeting of the people 
 of God. And one leaves them bound, and another leaves 
 them bound, and now it is the work that lies before thee to 
 unloose the unjust bonds of the innocent." 
 
 It is somewhat remarkable that during Moore's fourth 
 mayoralty, in 1692, a deed, dated 20th July, 1692, was executed 
 with his signature, under an Act entitled, " An Act for 
 exempting his Majesty's subjects, Dissenters from the Church 
 of England, from the penalties of certain lands," by which 
 the Meeting-house in St. Martin's Lane was absolved from 
 the payment of taxes. This was effected by Crisp's inter- 
 vention, who, as is recorded in the minute book at Col- 
 chester, " prosecuted the case at Quarter Sessions, with 
 attorney," and the objection was allowed, under the returns 
 of the court held 10th December, 1689. 
 
 In 1668, Crisp was again in prison, this time at Ispwich. 
 The imprisonment lasted for some months, and the time was 
 employed by him in writing his " Plain Pathway opened,"
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXVii. 
 
 published the same year. This is the last time that he was im- 
 prisoned, and indeed an easier time was soon to begin for 
 this much enduring body. The last record affecting Crisp, 
 of which we have particulars in Besse's " Sufferings," is of his 
 being fined 20 at a meeting at Horsleydown on the 19th 
 June, 1670. This was the sum imposed on the preacher in 
 all nonconformist conventicles for a first offence. It was 
 probably paid by some of his friends, either in goods or 
 money, since Crisp himself was not imprisoned at that time. 
 The fine for the second offence was 40, the person in whose 
 house the meeting was held was fined 20, and each person 
 present 10s. 
 
 It will be seen by a reference to the notes on the Mennon- 
 ites, &c., pp. 16, 27, that there existed in Holland and Germany 
 before the time of Fox, various bodies holding some similar 
 tenets to those of which he was the first expounder in Eng- 
 land. The introduction of quakerism into Holland followed 
 shortly after the rise of the Society here. Among the earliest 
 converts of Edward Burrough, and Francis Howgil, was 
 William Ames. He was born in Somersetshire, and having 
 been a Baptist preacher, was serving in the Parliamentary 
 Army at Cork in 1655, when he heard these two first 
 coadjutors of Fox. Two years after, he settled in Amsterdam, 
 and became the pioneer of quakerism in Holland, being 
 shortly followed by John Stubbs and William Caton. 
 
 In the same year, 1657, the Friends by their zeal in street- 
 preaching, &c., attracted the attention of the Magistrates in 
 Rotterdam, and eight of the most troublesome were put in 
 prison. Their numbers continued steadily to increase. On the 
 8th June, 1675, the Rotterdam Friends applied to the Magis- 
 trates to protect them from the populace, by whom they were 
 molested during the hours of service. After a second appli- 
 cation, the reply was given them, that they should never 
 obtain leave to assemble within the jurisdiction of the city. 
 The Friends replied " that they would never solicit from the 
 magistracy of Rotterdam, or from any civil power in the
 
 XXViii. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 world, permission to meet in private for the purpose of 
 serving God in spirit and truth, and that therefore they would 
 continue to assemble as formerly." (Steven's Hist, of the 
 Scotch Church in Rotterdam. Edin., 1832, p. 337). No 
 further notice was taken of them. The meetings were held 
 in private houses, and towards the end of the seventeenth 
 century, a house was purchased on the South Blaak, Rotter- 
 dam, which was sold in 1725, being described in the title 
 deeds as the " Meeting-house of the Friends," Quakers 
 Vergaderplaats. In 1786, five merchants of Amsterdam 
 bought, in the name of the Society of Friends of London, a 
 small house on the north side of the Wine Street, which 
 they fitted up as a Meeting-house. The numbers afterwards 
 gradually decreased, and for some years there has not been a 
 Quaker in Holland, that we are aware of. The discovery of 
 any of the lost registers of that country, would be a most 
 interesting one to the student of early Quaker history. 
 
 It was no doubt Crisp's business connections with the 
 Dutch that first turned his attention to that country, and in 
 1663 he paid his first visit there. " This," he says, in his 
 Journal," I did with cheerfulness ; and though in an unknown 
 land, and with an unknown speech, yet by an interpreter some- 
 times, and sometimes in my own tongue, I declared the Truth 
 to the refreshing of many, and to the bringing back some from 
 error ; and having accomplished that visit I returned in peace to 
 England." He next travelled in the North of England, and 
 afterwards laboured in London, of the wickedness of which 
 city he seemed distressfully convinced, and saw in the 
 visitations of the plague, and the fire of 1666, judgments upon 
 the same. In 1667, he again went to Holland, this time 
 accompanied by Josiah Coale. They spent about three 
 months there, and almost immediately on his return, Crisp 
 went down to the North of England. By this time, he had 
 accepted his position. He found himself led " to and fro from 
 country to country, not out of constraint now, but of a willing 
 mind, and free from the cares of this life." This may be
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 taken to mean that he had probably disposed of his business, 
 or, at any rate, arranged for its being carried on independently 
 of himself. 
 
 From this time, he says " the weight and care of the affairs 
 of the Lords people in the Low Countries pressed more and 
 more heavily upon me." In 1669, we find him setting forth 
 again to visit them. He was now able to preach to them in 
 their own tongue, so that he was encouraged to proceed still 
 farther in his travels, and passing through Friesland, he 
 entered Germany, and reached Griesheim, near Worms, where 
 he found a body of people who had for some ten years 
 suffered various distresses. They were just at that time in 
 fresh tribulation, owing to a fine imposed by the Palsgrave, 
 of four rix dollars a year, for each family attending meetings 
 other than those established by law. Upon their declining 
 to pay this, goods to a far larger amount were taken from 
 them, and they found themselves in great need. In No. 76, 
 Crisp relates how from five persons a sum amounting to 
 28 15s. English money, was taken. The Mennonites having 
 consented to the fine, the Friends, he says, were left to suffer 
 alone. But " this spoyle they endured with joy, rather than 
 . . . . purchase spiritual freedom from carnal men." 
 Crisp at once proceeded to Heidelberg, where he had a 
 friendly interview with Charles Louis, the Elector Pala- 
 tine, and the fine was ultimately removed. Crisp returned 
 to Groningen, and thence to Amsterdam, where many 
 strangers flocked to his meetings, when they found him 
 speaking without an interpreter. Jan Glaus, however, 
 accompanied him. He acted as interpreter on many occasions 
 to Friends travelling, and says he studied much that he 
 mightqualif y himself for this labour (Kendall's Letters, p. 48.) 
 The Diary kept during this visit to Holland will be 
 found in the Collection, No. 76. " A brief e Journall of my 
 travels into Germany," &c. The principal event of this 
 journey was that through his assistance, a business or " dis- 
 cipline " meeting was satisfactorily set up.
 
 XXX. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 Upon returning to England, Crisp proceeded to the West, 
 where he had never yet been. He went, with many stoppages, 
 to the Land's End, thence home by Portsmouth, Hampshire, 
 and London. The Diary of this journey (No. 15) is here 
 given as an evidence of Crisp's indefatigable zeal. He was 
 at that time aged forty-one. 
 
 "A BBIEFE JOURNALL OF MY JOURNEY INTO YE WEST OF ENGLAND, 
 SAM. CATER BEING MY COMPANION. 
 
 On ye 27th of ye 8th Mo. [Oct.], 1669, we went from London to 
 Stanes, to Richard Ashfields. 
 
 28 ditto. We had a meeting at Longford, nr Colbrooke. 
 
 29 ditto. We went to Beading. 
 
 30 We had a meeting there in ye prison. 
 
 1 of y e 10 Mo. [Dec.] We had a meeting at Samuel Burgeses, by 
 
 Williamton [Williamscote]. 
 
 2 ditto. A meeting at Edmund Hides at Blewberry. 
 
 3 At William Westons, at Oare. 
 
 4 We went to Bart[ho]lmew Malams at Lambourne. 
 
 5 We had a meeting there, it being a first day of y e week. 
 
 6 We had a meeting at Marlborow, at Wm. Hitchcocks. 
 
 7 We had a meeting at Calne, at Arther Ismaeds. 
 
 8 We had a meeting at Headington, at John Rogers. 
 
 And the same night another at Chippenham, at Thos. Neats. 
 
 9 We had a meeting at Holinton, at Tho. Colmans. 
 
 10 We had a meeting at Slatenf ord [Slaughterf ord] at Elizabeth 
 
 Wallises. 
 
 11 We went into Bristol. 
 
 12 We had meetings there. 
 
 13 We were at ye mens meeting there. 
 
 14 We had a meeting at Winterburne, at Thomas Hills. 
 
 15 We had a meeting at Oldson, and returned to Tho. Hills. 
 16, 17, 18 We staid at Bristoll, and were refreshed in the Lords abun- 
 dant goodness to his people there, and were a refreshing 
 
 to them. 
 
 19 We left them and went to Bath. 
 
 20 We had a meeting there. 
 
 21 We went to Katherine Evans house. 
 
 22 We went to Glasenbury.
 
 INTKODUCTION. xxxi. 
 
 23 We had a meeting there. 
 
 24 We had a meeting at Taunton. 
 
 25 We mett Tho. Salthouse, and had a meeting at Sanford. 
 
 26 Tho. Salthouse and I had a meeting at Columpton, and same 
 
 at Topsham. 
 
 27 We mett at Exeter, and travelled to Crockernwell. 
 
 28 We went to Lanston [Launceston], and had a meeting there. 
 
 29 We went to Tree[s]mer, to Humphrey Lowers. 
 
 30 We continued there. 
 
 31 We went to Redruth. 
 
 1st day llth Mo. [Jan. 1670]. We came to Bra[y] neere ye Lands End, 
 at John Ellises. 
 
 2 day. We had a meeting there, [it] being 1st day. 
 
 3 We walked to ye Lands End. 
 
 4 We travelled to Helston, where Robinson y e persecutor dyed 
 
 by his bull. 
 
 5 We had a meeting at Kenence [Kynance] near ye lizard land. 
 
 6 We had a meeting at Bethick, neer Falmouth. 
 
 7 We went to Truro, and so to Tregonsenes. 
 
 8 & 9 We staid there, and had a meeting on ye 9, being 1st day. 
 
 10 We went to Bodmin, and so to Tree [s] mere. 
 
 11 We had a meeting at Tree[s]mere, and then we parted. 
 
 12 I had a meeting at Tho: Mounts, neere Liskard. 
 
 13 I came to Plymouth, and had a meeting there. 
 
 14, 15,16 I continued there, and there me[t] Thomas Salthouse againe, 
 and we and friends were mutually refreshed one in another. 
 
 18 I went and had a meeting at Batten, and went to Kingsbridge 
 
 19 I went from thence to Totnes, and soe to Exeter. 
 
 20 I had a meeting at Topsham. 
 
 21 I had a meeting at Memb[u]ry. 
 
 22 I went to Gregory Stoake. 
 
 23 I had a great meeting there. 
 
 24 I went to Thorncomb. 
 
 25 I had a meeting at Bridport. 
 
 26 I liad a meeting at Weymouth. 
 
 27 I went to Poole. 
 
 28 I had a meeting there. 
 
 29 I went to Ringwood, and soe to Southampton. 
 
 30 I had a meeting there, [it] being 1st day. 
 
 31 I went to Portsmouth, and had a meeting there.
 
 XXxii. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 1st of y e 12th month [Feb.] I went to Swanmore, and had a meet- 
 ing, and then to Winchester. 
 
 2 I had a meeting at Andover. 
 
 3 I had a meeting at Al[re]sford. 
 
 4 I had a meeting at Alton. 
 
 5 I went home with Steven Smith in Surrey. 
 
 6 I had a meeting at John Smiths neere Gilford. 
 
 7 I returned to London, and staid there four days. 
 
 8 I returned to Colchester to my wife and relations, to our 
 
 mutuall joy and refreshment in ye lord ; who hath both 
 preserved and supported me in this long journey in places 
 where I had not before travelled, therefore to him be the 
 praise and glory for ever." 
 
 In March, 1670, he was committed to Ipswich gaol for being 
 present at a Conventicle, but was released at the end of three 
 months, and in July he started off again for Holland. Taking 
 Peter Hendricks, from whom there are seven letters, as his 
 companion, he this time reached the borders of Sweden and 
 Denmark, visiting Hamburgh, and towns in the Duchy of 
 Holstein. At Frederikstadt they were well received, and 
 their meetings grew so large, that the attention of various 
 Professors and Teachers was aroused, and one Eppinghooft, 
 with others, desired a public dispute with them. "An 
 Answer to Five Questions set forth by L. Hendricks Eppen- 
 hoof (or Eppenhooft)," was written by Jacob Jacobs, and 
 published 1670 (Smith's Biblio. Anti. Quak., p. 168). After 
 distributing books and papers, they returned by boat 
 to Bremen, thence to Oldeburg and Embden. At this 
 place, there was a considerable number of people who, 
 from about the year 1662, had professed quakerism, and 
 who had been, and continued to be, ruthlessly hunted 
 out by the authorities until the year 1686, when, as we learn 
 by Sewel (vol. ii. p. 321), an order was issued by the Senate, 
 dated 25th March 1686, for their admission and protection in
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXiii. 
 
 the city, " in their free trade and exercise of religion." This 
 was done in answer to an appeal signed by the same five 
 persons whose names are appended to No. 23, with those of 
 Sewel and Crisp in addition. 
 
 The travellers next proceeded to Leeu warden in Friesland. 
 Here three Friends of Amsterdam were in prison, with orders 
 that none should see them, but Crisp, with his usual success, 
 applied for and obtained leave to visit them, and afterwards 
 departed for Amsterdam, where he arrived about the begin- 
 ning of November. After looking up the fraternity in Alkmaer, 
 Haarlem, Rotterdam and other towns, he returned to Eng- 
 land, and spent three or four months travelling in the 
 Southern counties. His many correspondents, however, 
 kept him fully informed of what was going on in Holland, 
 and he shortly became convinced that his presence there 
 was once more required. Certain disorderly spirits 
 having arisen amongst them, and refusing to conform 
 to the counsel of the Friends, they were finally testified 
 against in the papers, Nos. 45 a , 45 b , and 46 of the present 
 Collection. Having settled matters in Holland, where he 
 had come to be looked up to almost as a bishop of one of 
 our outlying colonies might be at the present day, 
 Steven Crisp returned to England in June, 1671, and was 
 " much rejoiced to see the peace, unity, and courage among 
 the people . . . after their sore persecution." He returned 
 to Colchester, where he was very ill for a time, but 
 on recovering, he, nothing daunted, again set off for York- 
 shire and Durham, where he had not been, he says, for three 
 or four years, " by reason of his being so much beyond the 
 sea." His companion for part of this journey was Samuel 
 Cater, who also had first heard of Quakerism from James 
 Parnel (see p. 5). The winter, he records, was " very sharp," 
 and his body " through much affliction, very crazy," so that 
 when he returned, about February 1672, to Colchester, it 
 was " to the great joy of my poor wife and friends who had 
 longings for my return, as I had again to see their faces." He
 
 XXXiv. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 remained in England, about his home, until midsummer, and 
 then again sailed for the Low countries, where he spent 
 about three months. While there, he published " An 
 Address to the Rulers and Inhabitants in Holland and 
 the rest of the United Provinces," which is to be found 
 in his printed works, edited by Field (Lond. 1694.) Six 
 months were next passed in active labours in and around 
 Colchester, and then Steven Crisp started off again to Embden, 
 where the Friends were still in much suffering. Crisp was 
 received by Dr. Hasbert, a physician of that town, who was 
 the chief member of the community, and at whose house 
 their meetings were held. In " The Sufferings of Friends at 
 Embden," No. 156, a full account will be found of Dr. 
 Hasbert's repeated imprisonments and banishments from 
 Embden, and of his death at Amsterdam, T 8 ? of September, 
 1676. He is continually mentioned by Fox in his Journal, 
 being styled always " the father-in-law of Jan Glaus," who 
 at the time was acting as Fox's interpreter. 
 
 About this time, Crisp undertook what must have been to 
 him a labour of love, viz., the writing of a Testimony as a 
 Preface to the Works of James Parnel (published 1675). 
 After giving a graphic description of the " darkness and 
 sorrow of those days," from which we have seen that he, 
 mainly through Parnel's preaching, emerged, he tells how 
 this " faithful messenger " arose, and brought a deliverance 
 to many whose hearts were ready to faint. After narrating 
 the circumstances of Parnel's life and death, he concludes : 
 " Thus, dearest Reader, have I given thee a brief account 
 of this dear Plant of God, and of his blessed Fruit, some 
 whereof thou mayest find in this following Book, which if 
 read in sincerity and uprightness of heart, will tend to thy 
 benefit." 
 
 Crisp continued to visit Holland year by year, and in the 
 intervals, he found time to go into Yorkshire, Bristol, and 
 other parts of England. He also was present at the Yearly 
 Meetings, and after that of 1678, he returned to Colchester,
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXV. 
 
 and " set his own house in order," preparatory to going once 
 more to Holland in the autumn of the same year. He had 
 not proceeded very far up the Rhine, when he was overtaken 
 with sickness, and was carried in a weak state on board a 
 boat, in which he was conveyed down to Rotterdam, and 
 thence to his own home, in a state of prostration and suffer- 
 ing from a long-standing complaint. The next summer was 
 the first he had missed paying his annual visit to Holland, 
 since 1663. In 1680 he was again in Friesland, and this 
 time proceeded to Crefeld, where he spent three days. 
 
 Soon after reaching home in September, he had a bad 
 attack of fever, which brought him very near the grave, but 
 he says " to live or to die I was contented." The fever abated, 
 and he was restored to health, though he spent most of that 
 winter in Essex, but in the spring he once more set out for 
 Yorkshire and the north, where he stayed " till about harvest 
 time," when he returned to London, and so home. " And 
 by this time," he says, " I was again overtaken with great 
 pains of the stone, and other distempers, which brought my 
 body very low, and little was expected by any but my 
 departure." By December, however, he was able to go to 
 his Quarterly Meeting, and afterwards to visit Harwich and 
 Ipswich, but most of the winter was spent near home. The 
 next year, after attending the Yearly Meeting in London, he 
 started for the one at Amsterdam, which was arranged to be 
 held three weeks later. He was accompanied by many 
 Friends from Dantzic, Holstein, Hamburg, &c., who had 
 been at the London Yearly Meeting. 
 
 It may be interesting to state here that in the early days 
 of the Society, circulating Yearly or " General " Meetings 
 were held in different parts of the country. A Yearly Meet- 
 ing's Epistle to the counties, &c., was issued annually, the first 
 being dated May 1666, and bearing among others, Crisp's 
 signature. But at a meeting held at Devonshire House, 29th 
 May 1672, it was agreed that " a general meeting be held 
 once a year, in the week called Whitsun week," in London,
 
 XXXVi. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 From that year until the present, this meeting has been 
 regularly held on this now historic site. 
 
 On his arrival in Holland, Steven Crisp was seized with so 
 violent an attack of his disorder, that he found himself too 
 weak for travelling, and in June 1683, he returned home. 
 Not long after, in the middle of November, his wife Dorothy 
 Crisp died. " She had been," he says, " a meet help, and a 
 faithful and loving wife to me about five and thirty years." 
 She was fifty-eight years old, and was buried on the 22nd 
 Nov. in the graveyard in Almshouse Lane. 
 
 From various entries in the old " Two weeks meeting " 
 and other books at Colchester, we see that Crisp was kept 
 busily employed in the affairs of his church. Thus, he acted 
 as executor to William Marlow, of Harwich, and trustee to his 
 daughter Grace. He held the indentures of apprenticeship 
 of the three children of his relative Elizabeth Crisp, of St. 
 Osyth, and managed the residue of her estate for their benefit. 
 He was ordered to remit to London the monies collected in 
 Colchester, &c., for the relief of the Friends imprisoned by 
 the Turks, in Algiers. He received, 24th July, 1682, on the 
 completion of the gallery agreed to be made at the east end 
 of the Colchester Meeting-house, the sum of 12 2s. 6d., 
 which he had disbursed for the expenses of the same. And 
 he frequently acted as clerk to the above meeting, many of the 
 minutes of which are in his handwriting, as for instance, 
 under date 24th of 4th mo. (June), 1672. 
 
 It is time now to give some account of the Dericks or 
 Dirrix family, with whom Crisp had been for many years in 
 intimate relations. The three sisters, Neisy, Gertrude, and 
 Annekin, appear to have occupied a considerable position in 
 Amsterdam. They were wealthy, cultivated, and universally 
 admired, and all became quakers. Neisy Dericks, the elder 
 sister, by her will, allusions to which will be found in No. 60, 
 left for the use of the Friends in Amsterdam, certain sums 
 of money, which she had out at interest. Some dispute
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXVli. 
 
 arising between her executors, Jan Glaus and Steven Crisp 
 were appointed arbitrators. Neisy Dericks seems to have 
 been highly esteemed by all who knew her, and she is thus 
 spoken of by William Caton. (Journal, 1689, p. 71) : 
 
 " I received some letters out of Holland, whereby I was informed 
 of the death of Niesie Dirricks, of Amsterdam, who had been a dear and 
 special friend of mine, and a true and faithful servant to the flock of 
 God in the low countries, of whose love and virtue, faithfulness and good 
 service which she did in her day, a volume might be written. When I 
 heard of her departure, my heart was much saddened and broken within 
 me, and indeed it was more than I well could bear." 
 
 Others, too, bear testimony to her excellence. Besse 
 relates (vol. ii., p. 455) that in 1661, Neisy Dericks was 
 cited before the magistrates for selling quaker books, and 
 although there appeared no law against this, she was fined 
 30, the magistrates deciding that the books were seditious, 
 without reading them. 
 
 Annekin Dericks, the third sister, became the wife of 
 William Caton, and in his "Journal" (Lond. 1689), he tells 
 the story of their courtship with a charming naivete. We 
 should like to reproduce it entirely in his own words, but for 
 want of space, we must be satisfied with extracts. We have 
 read his expressions of sorrow at the death of the elder sister 
 Neisy, and it was not long after, that the idea came into his 
 mind how " helpful he might be to Annekin in the service 
 which he foresaw would be required of her," now that she 
 had lost the sister who had been her right hand. " Night 
 and day," he says, " for a pretty long time, did abundance of 
 objections come into my mind concerning it, but withal 
 matter sufficient to answer them all." So at length he " began 
 to acquiesce," but he " did not once open his mouth to any, 
 for the space of many months." In this deliberate manner, 
 and with this solemn " seeking for guidance," does he pro- 
 ceed, true to the first quaker principle of " the Inner Light." 
 But he was anxious for the confirmation of his notion that 
 it was right, and perhaps too, for the approbation of his fellow-
 
 xxxviii. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 members, for it would be a painful thing to incur their 
 rebukes ; so he decided before speaking to the lady, to lay it 
 before some of " the brethren," and if they " own " it, to be 
 satisfied. Six months more of his labours in Germany, and 
 he began to feel drawings in his heart back towards Holland. 
 He records their meeting in the simple words " and as for 
 Annekin, her Love abounded towards me, and mine did the 
 like to her in the Lord." 
 
 Everything seemed to go smoothly, the brethren approved, 
 and "in a certain time, when he had a convenient opportunty," 
 William began to tell her in " great humility and fear," yet 
 with manly straightforwardness, what was in his heart. 
 Three things he had to propound to her, which he desired to 
 leave to her consideration, and in due time to have her 
 answer : 
 
 " The first was, it was upon me to give her to understand, that as for 
 the matter of estate mine was not like unto hers, for I had not much as 
 to the outward. And she was to consider whether, notwithstanding, 
 she could consent to this thing. 
 
 "Secondly, she was to consider how I should expect my liberty 
 (which was more to me than the treasures of Egypt) to go abroad in 
 the service of the Lord, as I had done before, whether it was to visit 
 Friends, or upon any other Service for the Lord, or upon the Truth's 
 account ; this she was also to consider beforehand, that when the thing 
 came to pass, it might not seem strange to her. 
 
 " Thirdly, she was to consider how if the thing should come to pass, 
 there might peradventure follow some trouble, either from the magis- 
 trates or from some of her relations. . . . Therefore she was to consider 
 whether she could bear that or no." 
 
 Caton is here of course alluding to the uncertainty 
 whether marriages solemnized according to quaker usages, 
 would be recognised as legal or not. As a matter of fact, 
 twenty years later (see Nos. 1, 10, 83, and 94), the question was 
 again raised, but satisfactorily settled. In " several weeks," 
 for everything must be done with due quaker deliberation, 
 Annekin returned him her answer.
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXix. 
 
 " And as to the first she said, it was not means which she looked 
 after, but vertue. And as to the second she said, that when I was 
 moved of the Lord to go upon any service on the account of truth, she 
 hoped that she should not be the woman that should hinder me upon 
 such an account. And as to the last she said, that if the Lord did once 
 bring the thing so far as to be effected, she hoped tliat to bear what 
 people without should say, would be one of the least crosses." 
 
 For the pair had resolved that theirs should be the first 
 marriage celebrated according to the practices of the Society. 
 Annekin, some time after, opened her heart to her betrothed, 
 and told him that while he was in Germany, an intimation 
 of the future had come over her, and that she had longed 
 for, and yet dreaded, his return. After they had again 
 " waited," and several months had expired, Annekin went 
 to him one day in a state of pious exaltation. " She was ex- 
 ceedingly broken, and wept in an excessive manner. It was 
 upon her to give herself up to the will of the Lord, and she was 
 moved to speak these words, Wy zyn niet meer twee maer 
 een vleeze. " We are no more twain but one flesh." When 
 William heard her speak these words with a flood of tears, he 
 was " something moved, and the life in him began to arise, 
 saying she is the gift of God to thee." So now their 
 consciences were entirely at rest, and he proceeded to 
 publish their intention three times in the meeting at 
 Amsterdam, as well as in his old nurture-place of Swarthmoor. 
 Of this meeting he was still a member. On the last day 
 of October 1662, they were married at Amsterdam, before a 
 General Meeting of Friends, in the simple quaker form. 
 The same afternoon, the body of William Ames, the first 
 quaker to settle in Holland, was laid in the grave, with labour 
 and anxiety on the part of the Friends, the rude and curious 
 people being very tumultuous. A serious ending to a wedding, 
 but those were serious times. 
 
 Gertrude Dericks, the second sister, had married a wealthy 
 Dutchman, named Adrian Van Losevelt. Frequent mention of 
 him ismade in Caton'sletters,Nos. 13i-142,and he seems to have
 
 xl. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 been regarded by Gertrude's friends, as a rather shallow sort 
 of person, a doubtful help to his wife. In one of Gaton's 
 chatty letters, dated llth Nov., 1664, he speaks of him in plain 
 terms. " Adrian is much as he was, inconstant and fickle, 
 little as yet seasoned with truth. Deare Gertie loves the truth 
 and Friends in her very heart, but is often bowed down with 
 burdens like she was groaning under when thou wast here." 
 Crisp had spoken words to her in a time of great tribulation, 
 which she had never forgotten, and all visitors from England 
 were warmly welcomed for his sake. 
 
 Letters also passed between them, although unfortunately 
 none are preserved in this Collection. In John Kendall's 
 " Letters of I. Penington, and Miscellaneous Letters," 
 London, 1796, pp. 128, 9, are two letters, which though 
 neither dated nor addressed by name, are in all probability 
 written by Steven Crisp to Gertrude. Kendall, although he 
 does not state his source, says they are published for the first 
 time, and as they occur among other letters drawn from the 
 Crisp Collection, it is possible that the originals may have then 
 formed a part of it.* At any rate there is no doubt that the 
 valuable books and papers left by John Kendall to the school 
 partially endowed by him at Lexden, would have afforded 
 information as to Crisp's labours in Holland, and the history 
 of the Dutch quakers. These, however, being found un- 
 serviceable for the use of the school, were by consent of the 
 Charity Commissioners, sold in 1865. 
 
 One of the two letters is here given, as eminently charac- 
 teristic of the spirit which possessed Steven Crisp. 
 
 " Dearly beloved, 
 
 In the Lord my soul salutes thee, as one who is brought into my re- 
 membrance, by that spirit that doth often bow me to thy burdens, which 
 I know are not few. 
 
 Dear heart, it is nothing but the day that expels the night, and the 
 day star brings the hope thereof ; therefore, my dear friend, for as much 
 
 * In the Appendix to the Report bound with the Collection, is a list of 
 seven papers belonging to it previous to 1835, of which this is one.
 
 [From a pen and ink draicing.] 
 
 Door of the prison in Colchester Castle, 
 where the Essex Friends were confined, 1655-7O.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xli. 
 
 as it hath pleased God to cause this star to appear, and that thou knowest 
 thine eye has seen it, be not discouraged because of clouds, but know 
 that the day is at hand. And as concerning all Satans bufferings, know 
 and consider that though they are never so many and strong, yet they 
 are but like the waves of the sea, and they are limited ; feel thou an 
 habitation in that which limits them, and rest in patience ; and possess 
 thy soul in that, and it will be well in the end ; if there were no trials, 
 there would not be so much need of patience. Dear Heart, feel my love, 
 which is beyond words. 
 
 So, with my dear love to thy husband, and Anna [Caton], &c., I rest 
 thy true friend." 
 
 The Losevelts occupied a house in the Vish-steege, 
 Amsterdam until about September 1663, when they moved to 
 a much larger one with a rental of " about five or six hundred 
 gilders a year." This sum would equal about 50. 
 Here, on the occasion of the first official visit of any 
 members of the Society to Holland, William Penn was 
 lodged, and here, on the 2nd August 1667, a General Meeting 
 was held, at which George Fox, Robert Barclay, William 
 Penn, John and Benjamin Furly, George Keith, and many 
 others were present. They explained to the Dutch com- 
 munity " the benefit and service of Yearly, Quarterly, and 
 Monthly Meetings of men and women." (Fox's " Journal," 
 1765, p. 501. Penn's " Travels in Germany," ed. Barclay, 
 p. 4.) The next day a more public meeting was held, also in 
 Gertrude's house. At this " many professors of several sorts 
 were present." In the afternoon there was another meeting, 
 " more private." The day following, a meeting of Friends 
 only, " wherein by joint agreement was settled " the order 
 and arrangement of the several meetings for discipline in 
 Holland and Germany. The next day being Sunday, Fox 
 says, " we had a very large meeting, there coming to it a 
 great concourse of people of several opinions, Baptists,
 
 xlii. STEVEN CBISP. 
 
 Seekers, Socinians, Brownists, and some of the Collegians.* 
 Robert Barclay, George Keith, William Penn and I, did all 
 severally declare the everlasting truth among them, . . . 
 and the meeting ended quietly and well." 
 
 The day after, Fox started for his tour in Holland and Ger- 
 many. Being unable to proceed so far as Heidelberg, he wrote an 
 Epistle to the Princess Elizabeth, with whom he had already 
 had some correspondence, and sent it by the hands of three 
 quaker women, Isabel Yeomans his step-daughter, George 
 Keith's wife, and Gertrude Dericks, who had visited the 
 Princess the year before with Elizabeth Hendricks, the writer 
 of No. 70. They were received with much grace, and in 
 writing to Penn some time later, the Princess affectionately 
 mentions " dear Gertrude." 
 
 Fox returned to Amsterdam at midnight on the 12th Sep- 
 tember. The gates of the city being shut, he and his party lay on 
 board the vessel till the morning, when they went to Gertrude's 
 house, and were warmly welcomed on their safe return. The 
 next two or three weeks were spent by Fox at Amsterdam, with 
 occasional visits to the neghbouring towns. Upon one visit 
 to Haarlem, he records Peter Hendricks and Gertude as his 
 companions, and says that the latter interpreted for him 
 for several hours, while he " declared the truth." A large 
 discussion was also held with some priests, and upon William 
 Penn's return, a famous dispute with Gatenus Abrahamszt 
 took place. It lasted for several days, and was sustained 
 chiefly in Latin. All these gatherings took place at 
 Gertrude's house. 
 
 On the 21st of October, she and her two children set sail 
 with Penn, Fox, and others, to return to England. They were 
 three day sand two nights at sea, and upon landing at Harwich, 
 they proceeded to Colchester, in which place Fox stayed long 
 enough to hold, on the Sunday following, a " large and 
 
 * Or Collegianten. See p. 16. 
 
 t Galenus Abrahamsz, a famous Baptist preacher and doctor. See p. 64.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xliii. 
 
 weighty " meeting, at which he calculates " over a thousand 
 people, Friends and townspeople," were present. Having 
 heard of his return from Holland, they flocked in from several 
 parts of the country. 
 
 Gertrude and her children repaired to the house of Steven 
 Crisp, on a visit to him and his wife, of several weeks' dura- 
 tion. On the 29th Nov. following, she wrote an Epistle dated 
 from Colchester to Friends, printed, no date. This Epistle 
 is mentioned by Rous in his letter to Crisp, dated Barbadoes, 
 May 1679, as read by the Friends there with much pleasure. 
 This was Gertrude's first visit to Colchester, but several years 
 after, when she was a widow (though we have no account of 
 her husband's death), she again went over, accompanied by 
 her sister Annekin, and spent many weeks in the house of 
 Crisp and his wife. Indeed it seems probable that she was 
 there at the time of Dorothy Crisp's death, for in the letter 
 to Penn, No. 24, dated 4th May 1684, a few months after that 
 event, Steven Crisp says : " Our dear Gertrude is still here, 
 a careful nurse to me." 
 
 Towards the end of that year, 1684, Crisp became satisfied 
 that Gertrude was to be his wife, and the next spring, after 
 attending the Yearly Meeting in London together, they started, 
 accompanied by many Friends, both Dutch and English, for 
 Holland, to attend the Amsterdam gathering. Early in 
 August, they returned to Colchester, and on the 31st, Crisp 
 announced to his Monthly Meeting his intention of marriage. 
 
 Simple as the quaker marriage ceremony is and always was, 
 the formalities preceding it, were, at this time, both elaborate 
 and precise. Twice was the intention to be personally an- 
 nounced, both to the men's and women's meetings, each of 
 which appointed two persons to enquire if both the parties 
 were free of all other engagements. When final consent was 
 given, the care and authority of the meeting proceeded still 
 farther in the case of a widow with children, viz., to the 
 ascertaining that a due proportion of her late husband's 
 property was settled upon his children. This wise and just
 
 xliv. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 rule was early insisted upon by Fox, and is laid down by 
 him in Canon IV. of " The Canons and Institutions," 1669. 
 In his own case, as is well known, Mrs. Fell's considerable 
 property was entirely made over to her seven daughters and 
 one son, upon her marriage. That this was also done in 
 Crisp's case, will be seen by a reference to the early minute 
 book of the Colchester Meeting. 
 
 The following entries from " The Women's Meeting Book 
 for the town of Colchester," are interesting. 
 
 " Coulchester, the 7th day of the 7th month [Sept."], 1685. 
 
 This day, came Steven Crisp and Gertrit Derrix to our meeting, and 
 acquainted frinds with their intention of marage, and this metting 
 desires Ann Ffurly and Ann Talcot to Inquire if she is clere from all 
 others, and to give an account to this metting. 
 
 " The 21st of the 7th month, 1685. 
 
 This day , came Steven Crisp and Geertruyd Dircks to our meeting the 
 2 time, and acquainted frindes with thair intentions of taking each 
 other in marage, and this meeting finding nothing but that thay are cleare 
 from all others, this meeting desired Ann Furly and Ann Tailcoat to 
 signify the same to the man's meeting." 
 
 Gertrude Dericks seems to have dropped her husband's 
 name of Losevelt, in accordance with an old custom in 
 Holland and, at one time, in Scotland. In Smith's "Cata- 
 logue " she is apparently confounded with her sister, Niesy 
 Dericks. She is spoken of by Fox and others (Nos. 28 and 
 99 of this Collection) as Gertrude Dericks Niesen. Under 
 this name, her marriage is entered in the Colchester Friends' 
 register. It took place at Colchester, on the 1st of October, 
 1685. 
 
 On the 18th of May following, Gertrude's son, Cornelia 
 Losevelt, was also married at Colchester, to Abigail Furly, 
 daughter of John Furly, the son of John Furly, linendraper, of 
 St. Runwald's parish, Alderman in 1637, and Mayor of Col- 
 chester in 1650. Cornelis and Abigail Losevelt's daughter 
 Gertrude is mentioned by Crisp in his will. The absence
 
 INTRODUCTION. xlv. 
 
 of any further information in the Colchester registers, 
 leads to the conclusion that Cornells Losevelt returned 
 to Rotterdam after his mother's death. Cornells Dericks, 
 or Derrix, who occupied the position of deacon in the 
 Scottish Church at Rotterdam, from 1748 to 1752, was 
 probably a relation. (Steven's "History of the Scottish 
 Church at Rotterdam," Edin., 1832, p. 370). 
 
 The marriage of Steven Crisp with Gertrude seems to 
 have been a supremely happy one, in spite of the couple 
 being both well advanced in years. We can imagine his 
 distress, when, after only two years of companionship crown- 
 ing their long friendship, he had again to part with her. 
 She died at Colchester, after a short illness, on the 9th May 
 1687, and was buried on the llth, in the Chapel Graveyard, 
 Almshouse Lane. 
 
 Gertrude Crisp was a woman spoken of with warmest 
 affection, and praise, by all who knew her. Her husband's 
 tribute in his Journal (Works, ed. Field, 1694, p. 58) is worth 
 preserving, " Indeed," he says, " she was a woman beyond 
 many, excelling in the vertues of the Holy Spirit with which 
 she was baptized, as she shewed forth both in life and doctrine, 
 which made her to be a sweet savour throughout the churches 
 of Christ, and was a pattern of Patience and Holiness, dis- 
 charging her Place as a tender and watchful Mother to her 
 children, and as a careful and loving wife to me. But alas 
 as the greatest enjoyments of Temporal blessings have their 
 end, so it happened unto me, for it proved the pleasure of 
 the Lord to try me whether I could part with, as well as 
 receive, this great Mercy ; for in the beginning of the year 
 1687, she fell into Bodily Weakness, and continued so 
 two or three months, and upon the ninth of the third 
 month [May], she slept with the Faithful in the Lord, 
 in a perfect Resignation to his will, making a blessed end, to 
 my great joy and consolation. For although it was hard 
 to Flesh and Blood to part with so precious a Companion, and 
 to be left alone in my old age, accompanied with many In-
 
 xlvi. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 firmities of Body, yet feeling fellowship with her in the joy 
 into which she is entred, gives me great satisfaction, know- 
 ing right well her portion is with the Righteous." 
 
 When he had buried her, Crisp went up to London, and as 
 he quaintly puts it, "conversed among the brethren for three 
 months." This companionship soothed and solaced him in 
 his grief. He returned to Colchester for the winter, and the 
 next year, was more than once in London on important affairs, 
 for he had long become a recognised leader of the Society. In 
 1688, when James II. was anxious to conciliate the Dissenters, 
 Crisp was, by royal command, offered the Commission of the 
 Peace. Sewel says, " He was much too circumspect, to be 
 caught thus." At any rate the honour was declined, but from 
 the fact of its being made, and from the contents of No. 45, 
 which relates to the sale of timber in Great Bryan's Wood, by 
 Crisp, we gather that he was a landed proprietor, more or less. 
 The wood may have been in Great Tey parish, a certain Sir 
 Francis Bryan having held property there a little earlier. 
 
 In the year 1690 Crisp wrote a long " Epistle of love and 
 brotherly advice to all the Churches of Christ throughout 
 the World," which Sewel prints in his History (vol. ii. p. 
 358). It is dated from London, 15th Nov. Not many months 
 after, on 13th Jan. 1691, George Fox died, at Henry Gouldney's 
 house in White Hart Court. Steven Crisp was with 
 him two hours before the end. He preached at the funeral, 
 the arrangements for which, and the great meetings held 
 afterwards, were largely of his making. Robert Barrow, 
 from whom we have letters in the present volume, 
 writing some last particulars down to Lancaster on the 
 day of the funeral, says : " George shut up his eyes 
 himself, and his chin never fell nor needed any bind- 
 ing up, but he lay as if he had been fallen asleep. One 
 would have thought he smiled. He was the most pleasant 
 corpse I ever looked upon, and many hundreds of Friends 
 came to see his face, having the most part of three days time 
 to behold him before the coffin was nailed up. Friends
 
 INTRODUCTION. xlvii. 
 
 carried the coffin on their shoulders without any bier, 
 cloth or cover but the natural wood ; yet the coffin 
 was very smooth and comely ... I intended to 
 go out of the city on the morrow after he began to be sick ; 
 but seeing him ill, it was upon Friends mind I should 
 stay . . . and I was glad to see such a heavenly and 
 harmonious conclusion as dear George Fox made ; the sense 
 and sweetness of it will I believe never depart from me." 
 (Barclay's "Letters of Early Friends). 
 
 Shortly after George Fox's death, an order, dated 4th April, 
 1691, was sent down to the counties, signed by the thirteen 
 Friends (of whom Crisp was one), appointed by Fox to see 
 after the printing of his books, papers, epistles, and MSS. to 
 " make search, and send up the titles, dates, and first and last 
 sentence of each book, paper, or manuscript, that we may the 
 better distinguish one from another, of all books, papers, 
 or MSS., printed or written." This provided Steven Crisp 
 with occupation for some time. 
 
 George Whitehead and Steven Crisp, with Penn and 
 Barclay, both now rarely in London, the one being in Penn- 
 sylvania, the other in Scotland, from this time occupied the 
 head of affairs in the Society, but as far as Crisp was con- 
 cerned it was to be of short duration. 
 
 He was at the Yearly Meeting held in London from the 16th 
 to the 19th of May 1692, and adds to the annual Epistle, the fol- 
 lowing postscript, signed by George Whitehead and himself, 
 the contents of which are in extreme harmony with the pre- 
 vailing spirit of his life, which was concord and agreement, 
 though the outward events of it had been passed amidst war 
 and revolutions. Born within three years of the accession of 
 Charles I., he had seen the succession of six persons to the 
 post of highest dignity in England, and had kept equally 
 aloof from Kings, Queens, or Protectors. 
 
 "Dear friends, With respect to our Antientand Innocent Testimony 
 in the Foregoing Epistle, it is upon us further to add, viz., ' Away with 
 those upbraiding characters of Jacobites and Williamites, Jemmites, and
 
 xlviii. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 Billites, &c., so used by the Worlds people one against another to make 
 Parties and Divisions, and to stir up Wrath and Enmity. . . . And 
 shew forth your affection to Christ, to his Kingdom and Government, by 
 a quiet Life and peaceable subjection unto the higher Powers that God is 
 pleased to set over us, which are at his disposing and not ours ; it being 
 our Christian duty to desire their good, and to persuade them to what 
 good we can for their safety, and our ease and relief, that in all Godli- 
 ness and Honesty you may be innocently preserved out of all Offences, 
 Reproach and Scandal, and all real occasions thereof.' " 
 
 As the summer advanced, Crisp's health again began to 
 fail, but, zealous as ever, he preached at Devonshire House 
 on the 17th July. This was his last sermon, and shows no 
 sign of decaying intellect. But there was no question of 
 return to his lonely home at Colchester, and at William 
 Crouch's house, in Crown Court, Gracechurch Street, he was 
 tenderly cared for. Finding that he grew rather worse, 
 however, his friends removed him to William Crouch's 
 country house at Wandsworth, four miles off, in the hope 
 that the purer air would revive him. Field, in his Preface 
 to the " Works," describes how " several Friends accom- 
 panied him on foot with the litter, Lest there should be any 
 want of assistance." On the 24th of August George White- 
 head came to see him. He was very weak, yet lingering. 
 " I see an end of mortality," he said to him, " yet cannot 
 come at it. Dear George, I can live and die with thee." On 
 the 27th, when George Whitehead again went down, he was 
 nearer the end. " I hope I am gathering, I hope, I hope." 
 The next day he died, and on the 31st his body was brought 
 to Gracechurch Street Meeting House, and " borne on the 
 shoulders of his friends and brethren that loved him," to the 
 burial-place at Bunhill Fields, accompanied by a "great 
 number of Friends and others." Many sermons were 
 preached beside the grave of the good old man, who was 
 loved by all, and left no enemy behind him. 
 
 Crisp had no near relations living at the time of his death. 
 His own children had died young. I do not think he ever
 
 INTRODUCTION. xlix. 
 
 had a brother, and his sister, who had married John Hix, or 
 Hicks, was dead. Her children are remembered with small 
 presents in his will. His cousins Samuel, John, and Thomas 
 Crisp, and their children, are all sharers in his means, and 
 Samuel's son Steven is to be apprenticed if he will. There 
 are small legacies to his various friends, and a touching 
 tribute to his dearly-loved dead wife, in the bequest to her 
 grand-daughter " Gertrude Losevelt, daughter of Cornells 
 Losevelt, when she shall have attained the age of sixteen 
 years." Crisp's will as drawn up by himself, is a model of 
 brevity and simplicity. It is not without interest, aa 
 characteristic of his time, and it is given in Appendix A. 
 
 We close this sketch with a slight review of Steven Crisp' & 
 literary work. It is not pretended to be a complete biblio- 
 graphy, since beyond one Dutch work, there is found nothing 
 to add to the excellent list given by Joseph Smith in his 
 " Catalogue," vol. i. pp. 466-477. The work name*d is " De 
 Gronden en Oorsaeken van de Ellende der Nederlanden 
 ontdeckt, als mede de Middelen van derselver herstellinge 
 aengewesen. Oeschreven door een Liefhebber van haer Land" 
 &c., Amsterdam, 1672. " The Grounds and Causes of the 
 Netherlands Misery discovered, likewise the Means to Remedy 
 the same. Written by a lover of their Land," &c. 
 
 In 1694, John Field published " A Memorable Account of 
 the Christian Experiences, Gospel Labours, Travels and 
 Sufferings of that antient Servant of Christ, Steven Crisp," in 
 which most of his writings are collected. He was a copious- 
 writer of Epistles and short addresses. Thirty-nine are 
 included in the above. He seldom or never visited Holland 
 without inditing an Epistle of love to the brethren who looked 
 so eagerly for his visits, or of warning to the inhabitants of 
 the towns where they had been so abused and insulted. 
 Seven of these Dutch epistles are to be found in a curious 
 thick quarto volume, with a printed title page, and MS. index 
 under the title of " Collectio," published (no place), 1675.
 
 1. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 The principal of Crisp's longer works is, " The Short History 
 of a Long Travel from Babylon to Bethel," written in 1691, 
 not many months before his death, the MSS. of which is in 
 the present Collection. It contains his spiritual auto- 
 biography in the form of an allegory, written in terse yet 
 graceful language, which contrasts favourably with the 
 prolixity of the age. It was first published, Lond. 1711, and 
 has been many times reprinted. The twelfth edition was 
 published, Manchester, 1841. 
 
 Several others of Crisp's writings ran through many 
 editions, notably, " An Epistle to Friends concerning the 
 Present and succeeding Times," first printed Lond. 1666, with 
 preface by Margaret Fell to the third edition, 1679. Tenth ed. 
 1797 ; a " Plain Pathway opened to the Simple-hearted for 
 the Answering all Doubts and Objections which do arise in 
 them against the Light and Truth in the Inward Parts," 1668, 
 translated into Dutch, 1669 ; and, " An Alarm sounded in 
 the Borders of Egypt, which shall be heard in Babylon, and 
 astonish the Inhabitants of the Defiled and Polluted Habita- 
 tions of the Earth," &c., 1671. This was reprinted 1672, and 
 1691, and translated into High Dutch, Amsterdam, 1674. 
 
 His sermons preached in London between 25th April, 
 1688, and 17th July, 1692, were taken down in shorthand, 
 and published by Nathaniel Crouch, who says he was " not 
 of the Persuasion," in three vols., 1693, 4, under the title, 
 " Several Sermons or Declarations of Mr. Steven Crisp, late 
 of Colchester, in Essex, deceased. Exactly taken in Characters 
 as they were delivered by him at the Publick Meeting Houses 
 of the People called Quakers in Gracechurch St. and Devon- 
 shire House, London. And now faithfully transcribed and 
 published, together with the prayer at end of every sermon." 
 These sermons seem to have been extremely popular, and 
 were many times reprinted. Seventeen were translated by 
 Sewel, and published Amsterdam, 1695. 
 
 Crisp's works became very popular in Holland, and most 
 of them were translated into Dutch. Some, indeed, were
 
 INTRODUCTION. li- 
 
 written only to be translated, and were never published in 
 English. Jan Glaus, writing after Crisp's death to John 
 Furly, under date Amsterdam, llth Dec., 1693 (No. 132), 
 says : 
 
 " Concerning the bookes of deare S. Crisp, brother J. Roeloffs sayes 
 he sente a Catalogue of em long agoe ; and indeed we have not kept a 
 coppy of it, yt I know, and to make another will require some more 
 time then I have to spare at present, but it may be, there is a mistake 
 in ye case ; and if soe, then thou may know, Steven has not written one 
 booke or paper in dutch (y* is printed), but all first in English, and he 
 used to keepe all his manuscripts to himselfo ; soe yt thou maye finde 
 among his Manuscripts a parcell of bookes yt weare (I believe) never 
 printed in English in his life time ; \vhich relates some onely and some 
 cheifely to this Countrie, and soe easily knowne. Yet I am willing to 
 make another Catalogue of them, and send it thee when I have done 
 Boe." 
 
 This letter is another evidence of the care extended by 
 the early quakers over all the literary efforts of their mem- 
 bers. They had, from the beginning, realised the power of 
 the press, and that the Yearly Meeting, in an authoritative 
 manner, disseminated the literature of the body among all 
 its subordinate meetings, will be seen by the following 
 extracts from a book of MSS. Epistles at Colchester. 
 
 " Upon a complaint y 1 ye printer could not well carry on ye charge of 
 printing, with what number of booksformerly taken off his hands, agreed: 
 That for y e Incouragement of y e printer and for y e better dispersing of 
 friends books, the proportions formerly settled, be augmented upon each 
 county by one moiety more than formerly, viz., Essex, 37. 
 
 " And also it was agreed that the Quarterly Meetings return y e printer 
 his money once a quarter, for his encouragement and assistance to carry 
 on his business. 
 
 Dated the 20th and 21st of 3rd mo. [May], 1673." 
 
 Several manuscript works of Crisp in the present Collec- 
 tion, as well as one or two in the Devonshire House bundle, 
 have apparently never been printed, but such of them as are 
 
 [Twenty-seven had formerly been the number, the whole number of books 
 taken off by the counties being 600.]
 
 Hi. STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 to be now obtained, especially " The Short History of a Long 
 Travel," are well worth perusal. In the only life of Crisp 
 hitherto published, by Sanmel Tuke, York, 1824, many 
 selections from his works are given, with some critical 
 notices. This " Memoir " does not, however, furnish many 
 particulars about his life, but if the reader derives half as 
 much pleasure in following the events of this life, as I have 
 in hunting out the same, I shall feel amply repaid. 
 
 The order of arrangement adopted in the Synopsis has 
 been : (1) A heading or title, stating the nature of the 
 document, and if a letter, from whom to whom, with place 
 if stated. (2) A Summary of the principal contents, if 
 important, or in some cases, denoted by quotation marks, 
 the entire letter or document. (3) Short biographies of the 
 writers, recipients, or other persons mentioned in the letters 
 or papers. 
 
 The MSS. having been numbered, and to some extent 
 catalogued, by an official appointment of the Monthly 
 Meeting some time before coming into the editor's hands, 
 there was little choice but to follow the previous arrangment 
 somewhat haphazard and arbitrary instead of the simple 
 chronological order in which letters will be found placed, 
 when several from one person occur. Those relating to the 
 same subject have also been grouped together, and frequent 
 references to other parts of the volume will be found, to 
 assist the reader. The number of each document correspond- 
 ing with the title in the Synopsis, will be found in the 
 bottom left hand corner of the MSS. The folios are paged in 
 the upper right hand corner. 
 
 As regards the dates used, it may not be known to the 
 general reader that until the 31st Dec., 1751, the Julian 
 Calendar was used in England, by which the year commenced 
 with the 25th March, or the " Day of Annunciation." Upon 
 the date mentioned (31st Dec., 1751), the Gregorian Calendar r
 
 INTRODUCTION. liii. 
 
 which had long been in use on the Continent, was adopted 
 in England, and the day after it was called the 1st Jan. 1752, 
 by Stat. 24 George II. c. 23. But the Society of Friends, 
 having from the first protested against using the " names of 
 heathen gods " for the months, numbered them instead, thus 
 calling March the 1st month, and January the llth. A com- 
 mittee was appointed to consider what advice should be given 
 to the Friends in relation to the statute in question, and the 
 Yearly Meeting agreed to conform in omitting, after 2nd Sep. 
 of that year, the eleven nominal days by which, owing to leap 
 year and other causes, the New Style was in advance of the 
 old. The Yearly Meeting also directed its Quarterly and 
 Monthly Meetings to do the same. From the date named, 
 therefore, Friends spoke of January as " first month," instead 
 of March, as formerly. These documents being, with one 
 exception, dated previous to 1752, the corresponding month 
 of the year has been added in brackets.
 
 liv. 
 
 CRISP'S ANSWERS TO THE DEPUTY LIEUTENANTS OF THE 
 COUNTY OF DURHAM. 
 
 (For facsimile seep, xxiv.) 
 
 " Ye same night came ye clerke of ye deputy L ts -> and examined me 
 many questions, to w cl1 I answered as followes : 
 
 1. According to y e account of my parents and friends, as they have 
 always related to me, I was borne at Colchester in Essex. 
 
 2. And I am not knowne in any country by any other name but 
 Steven Crisp. 
 
 3. And for w* I know I am about thirty and one or two yeares old. 
 
 4. And am by trade a weaver of serges and bays. 
 
 5. And to y e best of my remembrance I came from my outward being 
 in y e last weeke of September. 
 
 6. And that I have a wife and two children and servants there, or had 
 within this month. 
 
 7. And that my servants names are Henry Pomfret, Manasseh Cascetter, 
 and John Peachy. 
 
 8. And that the last named is an apprentice. 
 
 9. And that I judge it about 200 miles thither from hence. 
 
 10. And that I came by Suffiolke and Norfolke, and so thorow Lincoln- 
 shire over number, soe downe the seacoast and into Clea viand, and 
 over Tees, and so into this country. 
 
 11. And for great townes I came by Ipswich, thence to Norwich, thence 
 to Linn, thence to Lincolne. Thence to hull, soe downe the seacoast 
 into Cleavland, and over tees. 
 
 12. And that the occasion of this my travaile was only in obedience to 
 the lord, to visit my friends that Inhabited those pla ces. 
 
 13. And that to the best of my knowledge my travaile is at an end, 
 and that I had beene returned before now but for awaiting this 
 sessions."
 
 GEORGE FOX. 
 
 (From a phototype of the paint inri lySirPrlrrLtlii.)
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS 
 
 IN THE 
 
 CRISP COLLECTION. 
 
 1. Letter from George Fox, by George Whitehead, to 
 Steven Crisp, without date, but in answer to one dated 4th 
 of August [16]83.* 
 
 Friends in Holland have appealed to them for a decision as to the 
 legality of marriage according to quaker usage. Shall they give the 
 magistrates a copy of the certificate, or shall they invite the magistrates 
 to be present, having given due notice of the intending ceremony ? 
 Until they hear what opinion Crisp has given, they will not write to 
 Benjamin Furly, or any one in Holland. The case has been variously 
 stated by Friends of Amsterdam, Friesland, and Holland ; and it would 
 have been better for them to have agreed on a course first. When Fox 
 was there, he told them, by Benjamin Furly, that it was God's work to 
 marry, not priests or magistrates, and he protests against the giving 
 of money to any, whether bellman or priest. 
 
 83. Letter from George Whitehead, to Crisp, dated Lon- 
 don, 2nd of 6th Mo. (Aug.), 1683. 
 
 B. Furly has written to R. Barclay, to be communicated to Fox and 
 himself, concerning the giving notice of Friends marriages to the magis- 
 trates, both before and after they are consummated. Be careful not to 
 reject this condescension, which they would look on as a great privilege, 
 if allowed in England. Understanding that Crisp has been written to 
 for advice, Fox and himself forbear to write to Holland until they have 
 heard from him, and they desire to know what he has said as shortly as 
 may be. As Furly has not insisted on the marriage taking place before 
 the magistrates, but only notice to be given them, they wish tenderness 
 to be shown him on account of his labours on this behalf with the 
 Grand Pensionary. The proffer of the magistrates that Friends' mar- 
 riages may be made secure, should not be let slip. For Friends have 
 been willing from the first that their marriage should be made known 
 
 * See also Nos. 10, 83, and 94,
 
 2 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 to magistrates, and published at Market Cross, as G. F. says. The 
 Pensionary says it should be no more to tell their intention to the 
 magistrates than to another man, and after, to give them a certificate 
 of the marriage. The trial of the widow's marriage is now at hand, it 
 only stops till they hear from Friends, therefore write by the next post. 
 
 2. Letter from Barclay, the Apologist, to Steven Crisp, 
 dated London, 3rd of 5th Mo. (July), 1676. 
 
 Some correspondence concerning the resurrection has passed between 
 them. He doubts not if they were together, they would quickly both 
 understand and accord one with another. It is a subject he never speaks 
 or writes about, but their importunity obliged him. He has had lately 
 a letter from Oldeslow, in Holstein, from the schoolmaster, one of those 
 Lutherans he has mentioned as interested in the writings of Wegelius, 
 which letter he translates below from the Latin. He has also heard 
 from those that have lately been with the Princess Elizabeth, that she 
 speaks much to Friends' advantage, and says she finds they have been 
 falsely reported of. After long and tedious attendance, he has nearly 
 finished his business, for the Duke of Lauderdale tells him yesterday 
 that he has received an order to give him a letter to the Council in Scot- 
 land, for the release of Friends. He purposes to be going homewards 
 in two or three days. 
 
 This letter, in " Collectitise," is wrongly attributed to John Blaykling, 
 which seems a strange oversight, since it bears the well-known 
 monogram of Barclay. The internal evidence, too, is unmistakeable, 
 for Blaykling was probably never out of England in his life, 
 while Barclay distinctly speaks of having been at Oldeslow, as well 
 as of the Princess Elizabeth, whom he had a few months before visited, 
 and was to visit again in company with Penn, the following year. 
 Moreover, he mentions the letter he is to deliver to the Council of Scot- 
 land as he goes homewards ; to no one in an inferior position to that of 
 Barclay, would the order for the release of Friends have been delivered. 
 
 The Letter from Johannes Kember, translated from the 
 original Latin, is copied by Barclay below. It is dated 
 Oldeslow, 5th of the month called July, 1676.* (" Collectitiae," 
 p. 170.) 
 
 He easily believes nothing is more acceptable to Barclay than to hear of 
 or see those seeking truth. Gladly would the writer meet with him and 
 his companion, whom he recognizes as teachers sent to draw him out of 
 thick darkness. He receives his brotherly admonitions with gratitude. 
 Is wearied of the vain delight of this world and the men of it, and 
 
 * There seems some discrepancy in the dates here, which even allowance for 
 the new style at that time adopted on the Continent, does not explain.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 3 
 
 desires nothing more than to be hid and alone, therefore pray for him 
 that he may not draw back. 
 
 John, the 2nd Earl of Lauderdale, succeeded to the title in 1645. He 
 joined the Covenanters, and afterwards joined the Prince of Wales in 
 Holland. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester, and 
 remained in confinement nine years. After the Restoration, he was 
 made President of the Council, and Secretary of State for Scotland, 
 until he fell under the displeasure of the Duke of York. He was 
 created Duke of Lauderdale, 1672, which title became extinct on his 
 death, 1682. 
 
 3. Notes of Barclay's, with references to three pages of 
 some theological work. 
 
 4. Letter from Richard Hubberthorn, at one time a 
 colonel in the Parliamentary Army, to Ann Blackley, wife 
 of James Blackley, J.P., of Cambridge, all of whom joined 
 the Society. (" Collectitiae," p. 30.) 
 
 Probably only a portion is here, for there is no beginning ; it pro- 
 ceeds to reprove for an excess of zeal, and recommends a spirit of 
 meekness and subjection. 
 
 RICHARD HUBBERTHORN was born at Yealand, Lancashire, and was 
 the son of a yeoman. Upon joining Friends, he left the army, and 
 became a preacher of considerable ability. In 1654 he was im- 
 prisoned in Norwich Castle for nearly a year, for not taking off his 
 hat before a magistrate, and for addressing a priest in the churchyard. 
 In 1660 he went, with a letter of Fox's, to interview Charles II. They 
 held a long discourse, which was afterwards printed, and the King 
 promised Hubberthorn " over and again " that his friends should suffer 
 no more for their religion, which promises, however, were speedily 
 forgotten. The same year, he and Fox drew up a declaration setting 
 forth their abhorrence of all plots and fighting, in order to present it to 
 the council. This was seized when at the press ; but nothing daunted, 
 they quickly drew up a second cepy, had it printed, sent to the king and 
 council, and distributed to the nation at large. In 1661, Hubberthorn, 
 Burrough, and Whitehead attended the Committee of the House of 
 Commons, and gave, at the bar, their protests and reasons against the 
 bill which was then about to be passed, depriving Friends of the power 
 of meeting together for worship. Their intercession was without avail ; 
 and in April of the following year, Hubberthorn, in spite of the king's
 
 4 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 promises, was seized, violently dragged from a meeting at the Bull and 
 Mouth, Aldgate, and taken before Alderman Richard Brown, who, after 
 having treated him with unpardonable rudeness, committed him to 
 Newgate. Here, owing to the crowded and insanitary state of the 
 prison, he died after two months, June 17th, 1662. 
 
 Mrs. Blackley, although her husband was a Justice of the Peace, was 
 imprisoned in the Tolbooth at Cambridge, for over three months, for 
 speaking publicly against the deceit of a priest. Her husband, James 
 Blackley, published in defence of Friends, " A Lying Wonder discovered, 
 and the strange and terrible news from Cambridge proved false," 1659. 
 The above letter was probably addressed to her in prison about 1656, 
 when Hubberthorn and James Parnel were themselves sent to gaol, 
 merely for visiting Ann Blackley in prison. 
 
 5. An account of a case tried at Nottingham Assizes, 
 respecting some property, dated Nottingham, 8th of 6th Mo. 
 (Aug.), 1661. 
 
 5A. A copy of the same. 
 
 6. Letter from Katherine Evans, dated Wo[rce]ster, 14th 
 of 3rd Mo. (May), 1672, to Steven Crisp. (" Collectitise," 
 p. 167.) 
 
 Gladly would the writer have seen his face at Worcester, but hopes 
 to do so at Bristol in fair time. Her companion, Mary Gainer, desires 
 her love. She rejoices over the prosperity of Sion in England, Ireland, 
 and other countries. 
 
 KATHERINE EVANS was the wife of John Evans, of Inglishcombe, 
 near Bath, a man of considerable property, who was several times im- 
 prisoned in his own county, for preaching, and who finally died in prison, 
 14th of January, 1664. The same year, Mrs. Evans was arrested for 
 preaching in the market-place at Salisbury, beaten, and sent out of the 
 city. She returned the next month, and was then imprisoned. In 1658, 
 with Sarah Cheevers, Katherine Evans sailed for Leghorn, intending to 
 proceed to Alexandria. They were landed at Malta, and here underwent 
 a painful imprisonment by the Inquisition, lasting for four years. 
 
 After her return to England, she was several times in prison, and 
 lived to a great age, dying in 1692. 
 
 7. Letter from James Parnel to Steven Crisp. Without 
 date ; found in 1764. (Callaway's Memoir of James Parnel, 
 London, 1846, p. 71,)
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 5 
 
 Encourages him not to be weary of the yoke, and not to be hasty to 
 know anything, for thus Eve lost her Paradise. 
 
 JAMES PARNEL, whose name has ever been held in memory and 
 respect, as the first of the Quakers who suffered death for his opinions, 
 was born at Retford, near Nottingham, about 1636. He was one of 
 those children, not uncommon, who, to a somewhat imperfect physical 
 organization, unite prematurely developed mental gifts. He was short 
 and insignificant in person, and was therefore called in ridicule, " The 
 quaking boy." There is little information about his early life, only 
 that he was, as Sewel puts it, " trained up in the schools of literature," 
 which means probably that he went to the grammar school in Retford. 
 Judging from the tact and ability afterwards displayed in routing 
 his antagonists, and scattering their arguments, he must have made 
 excellent use of the time spent in study. What he was doing in 
 Carlisle, I cannot tell, but he says he had heard of a " seeking people," 
 and doubtless he set out to find them. In 1652, when Fox was lying 
 in the dungeon there, committed by Wilfrey Lawson the High Sheriff, 
 the lad, drawn perhaps out of curiosity, went to see this notorious 
 preacher, and disturber of the peace. Fox, as his habit was, began to 
 expound his Quakerism, and the young Parnel was so " effectually 
 reached," that he at once began both to preach and to write his new 
 opinions. In 1654 he published, " A Trial of Faith, etc.," which was 
 several times reprinted, and translated into Dutch, French, and German. 
 The same year he was imprisoned in Cambridge by William Pickering, 
 the Mayor, for publishing papers against the corruption of magistrates 
 and priests. He laid there two sessions. In March, 1655, he was at 
 Fenatanton, in Huntingdonshire, preaching, when a number of the 
 Baptists, under Richard Elligood their teacher, engaged him in dispute, 
 and he drew up forty-three queries to be read in their congregation. 
 The next month, he was engaging in a public argument at Cambridge 
 with one Hind, a tanner, and John Doughty. Being disappointed of 
 the place the Baptists bad promised, the meeting took place first in 
 Hind's house, then in his yard, where, finally, a great number of under- 
 graduates, of whom Fox says that " the miners, colliers, and carters 
 could not be ruder," and others, collected and made a violent uproar. In 
 the end, Parnell was arrested for causing a tumult. In May, he was at 
 Littleport, in the Isle of Ely, preaching in a Friend's orchard, when 
 John Ray, of Wickombruck, Suffolk, a Baptist teacher, came to de- 
 nounce Samuel and Ezekiel Cater, who had formerly been elders 
 among the Baptists. Parnell engaged in spiritual warfare with Ray at
 
 6 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 some length, as related by him in " The Watcher, etc.," 1655, 4to. Samuel 
 Cater was, as he says in the Testimony prefixed to Parnel's Works, 1675, 
 4to, " turned unto the truth " by Parnel, and was " constrained by the 
 great love he bore him, to be his constant companion in his daily preach- 
 ings and wanderings," concerning which therefore he speaks with some 
 authority, that they were performed in " gravity, humility, and blame- 
 less conversation." At Midsummer, 1655, James Parnel passed into 
 Essex, and after having preached at Felsted, Stebbing, Witham, Cogge- 
 shall, Halstead and other places, he arrived at Colchester one Saturday, 
 and on the following day, " preached the gospel to many thousands of 
 people." (Crisp's Testimony.') Early in the morning he must have 
 begun preaching in his lodging, then, when service was over in the 
 churches, he was allowed to speak in one of them, probably St. Nicholas. 
 In the afternoon, or evening, he engaged in a public dispute with the 
 Town Lecturer, or preacher, viz., chaplain to the Mayor, an office 
 now abolished, the last being Dr. John Edwards, appointed in 1700 
 (see Morant). All this formed a long day's work for a young 
 preacher of only eighteen or nineteen, but the whole of that week was 
 spent in similar labours. Then, hearing of a public fast appointed for 
 the 12th July, 1655, at Coggeshall, specially to pray against the errors 
 of the quakers, he at once repaired thither " to defend the truth." When 
 Priest Willis, of Braintree, had ended his discourse in the parish church 
 of St. Peter's, Coggeshall, young Parnel arose and commenced to ad- 
 dress the congregation, but confusion ensued, and he, accompanied by 
 numerous of his friends and supporters, left the building. Justice 
 Wakering followed, and arrested him in the name of the Protector, 
 suffering, however, a Friend to engage himself as surety for Parnel's 
 return, as soon as the hour of worship after their own manner, to which 
 they were now bound, was over. 
 
 The same afternoon, or the following morning, Parnell was brought 
 before four justices, viz. : Herbert Pelham, Thomas Cook, Dionysius 
 Wakering, and William Harlackenden, with whom were many priests, 
 Sparrow of Halstead, Stalham of Terling, Samms of Coggeshall, and 
 others not named. The array of persons who here sat in judgment on 
 Parnel brings forcibly before us the fact that the real opponents 
 of the early Friends were the Puritans. Up to the time of Fox, the 
 religious teaching of the country had been in their hands. It was not, 
 therefore, quakerism fighting against irreligion, so much as against a 
 calvinistic puritanism in deadly earnest. If we enquire into the history 
 of these priests, we find that they were all three, William Sparrow,
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 7 
 
 John Stalham, and John Samms, steadfast Nonconformists, ejected 
 from their livings by the Act of Uniformity, in 1662, and who then 
 founded Congregational churches. They were all three, as well as 
 Dionysius Wakering, on Cromwell's Commission for the ' trying ' of 
 suitable ministers. The latter sate for Essex, in Cromwell's first parlia- 
 ment, 3rd Sep., 1654-22nd Jan., 1655. Stalham wrote a book against 
 the Quakers called " The Reviler Rebuked," London, 1657, dedicated to 
 " His Highness Oliver, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, and the 
 Right Honourable the Council of State." It was in answer to Richard 
 Farnworth (see Davids' "Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, 
 1863, Part II., Memorials "). 
 
 After the justices had heard the case, Parnel was committed to the 
 common gaol at Colchester. Here he remained until the assizes, which, 
 being held at Chelmsford, the unfortunate youth, by this time much 
 weakened physically by incessant preaching, and prison life, was com- 
 pelled to tramp the long eighteen miles on the highway, chained to com- 
 mon murderers and felons. His trial took place before Judge Hills, and, 
 although the jury found him innocent of everything except of writing a 
 reply to his mittimus, and of having no settled habitation, the judge im- 
 posed a fine of 40 upon him, and returned him to prison. While 
 here, he wrote " Goliah's head cut off with his own sword, &c., in reply 
 to a book by an unnamed author, whom I understand to be one 
 Thomas Draton, a teacher at Abbey Rippon, Huntingdonshire," 1655, 4to; 
 " The Fruits of a Fast," 1655, 4to, which contains a full relation of his 
 arrest, trial, and imprisonment ; and many " Epistles " to his friends in 
 Essex, London, and elsewhere. His imprisonment lasted about ten or 
 eleven months, and was endured under circumstances of extreme hard- 
 ship, too well-known to be repeated in detail here. A full account will 
 be found in Sewel's " History of the Rise," &c., Vol. I., pp. 137141. 
 Suffice it to say, that the damp, unlit hole in the massive walls of the 
 Castle, about the size of a baker's oven, which formed his cell, and from 
 which he had to climb twelve feet, or more, to an opening, to fetch his 
 victuals, has ever since formed an object of interest to numbers of 
 visitors to Colchester, both English and American. At twenty years 
 old, this young quaker, after five years' incessant preaching, dis- 
 puting, and travelling on foot to visit numbers of outlying villages, died 
 in this miserable cell, and it is no wonder that he became at once ex- 
 alted into a hero, and regarded as divinely inspired, since his polemical 
 spirit, and his ability in argument, added to his pure life, and native 
 eloquence, gave him a wider notoriety than that of many a more ripe
 
 S STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 and seasoned quaker. Ann Langley, several times mentioned in these 
 letters, was with him when he died, and brought Sewel, the historian, 
 to the place not long after, relating as an eye-witness, all the painful 
 story. Parnel's body was not allowed to be claimed by his friends, but 
 was buried in the Castle-yard. 
 
 8. A letter from George Whitehead to Crisp, dated London, 
 30th of 1st Mo. (March), 1672. 
 
 Before Crisp's letter came to hand, he had drawn up a similar paper, 
 which Thomas Moore had given to the king, with a list of those under 
 proemunire, etc. This hath hitherto been effectual, in order to a further 
 inquiry. How far the king and council have proceeded, he leaves it to 
 William Crouch to inform him. His paper is kept for another occasion, 
 if need be, but they are encouraged to hope well, for divers reasons. 
 The council yesterday signed the letters to the sheriffs, so they will be 
 shortly received in the counties. 
 
 On the other side is the copy of a circular addressed to the 
 sheriffs of the counties, requiring them to return to the 
 council, lists of Friends confined in their respective gaols, 
 dated Whitehall, of March, 1672. 
 
 Also a letter signed by George Whitehead, Gerard Roberts, 
 Thomas Moore, John Osgood, William Welsh, and Ellis 
 Hookes, to Friends of Colchester. 
 
 Upon the king's suspension of the penal laws in matters ecclesiastical, 
 they were encouraged to hope that all Friends, under whatever sentence, 
 should be released. Thomas Moore waited upon him, and procured the 
 above order. Some important Friends should apply to the sheriff, and 
 see that he make a favourable return. He need not mention the 
 original offence. The payment of tithes is expected in the king's 
 declaration, so they do not expect the release of those committed by 
 priests under common law writ. The sufferings of Friends are much 
 upon them, and the writers do not question their care in the matter, but 
 rather could not omit this weighty concern on their behalf. 
 
 ELLIS HOOKES was for twenty -four years the Recording Clerk of the 
 Society. All matters relating to the members of the different meetings 
 passed through his hands, and his letters contained in the Swarthmore 
 MSS. and other collections, are full of interest, containing all the current 
 news from London. He wrote " Dedicatory Epistles," as the custom of 
 the day was, to the works of Fisher, Burrough, Smith, Howgill, Parnel, 
 &c., and published, with Fox, " A Primer and Catechism for Children," 
 1670, and "An Instruction for Eight Spelling," 1673, besides some re- 
 ligious books. He died of consumption, 12th September, 1681. 
 
 WILLIAM CROUCH was born at PentoD-by- Waybill, a small village
 
 SYNOPSIS OF* LETTERS, ETC. 9 
 
 near Andover, Hampshire, on the ath April, luiio. ilia iaiher was a 
 substantial yeoman, and his mother a strict Puritan, so that he received a 
 religious training. The early death of his father, cut William's education 
 short, and he was sent as an apprentice to London, where he eventually 
 rose to a position of substantial repute and means, as an upholsterer. 
 Being chosen as a public officer in Broad Street Ward of the City, and 
 declining to take the oath, or to pay what was called " garnish money," 
 he was imprisoned in a " small hole among common prisoners," until 
 discharged upon application to John Frederic, the Lord Mayor. Three 
 months after, at the suit of Samuel Clark, vicar of St. Bennet Fink, he 
 was lodged in the Poultry Compter, for one year and three quarters, for 
 non-payment of tithes. On the 23rd of Ausust, 1665, he was, with seven 
 other Friends, arrested at Peel Meeting, and committed to the Gate- 
 house at Westminster, under an order from the Duke of Albemarle. 
 The plague was raging at the time, and the prison vilely infected, so 
 that prisoners were dying four or five in a night. During his imprison- 
 ment, Crouch exchanged letters and epistles with William Wickens, the 
 chaplain of the gaol, on oaths and other subjects, as well as with Clark, 
 the vicar. 
 
 Crouch's house in Finch Lane was burned during the great fire, and on 
 the rebuilding of the city, he settled in Crown Court, Gracechurch Street. 
 He was immediately called to pay tithes to the Rev. John Cliff, rector of 
 St. Bonnet's, which refusing, his goods were seized. He was also dis- 
 trained upon under the Conventicle Act in 1683, for being present at a 
 meeting in White Hart Court, on the 13th of June, and again under a 
 warrant from Thomas Jenner, Recorder of London, in 1684. 
 
 Crouch married Ruth Brown, who died a few months before himself. 
 His own death took place, at the age of eighty-two, on the 13th of 
 January, 1710. (" Posthuma Christiana," edited, with some account of 
 the writer, William Crouch, by Richard Claridge, London, 1712.) 
 
 9. Edward Riggs' letter and draft of his will. No date. 
 
 " DEAR FRIEND S. C., My dear love most heartily remembered to 
 thee, and I should be heartily glad that I might once more see thee, 
 but whether ever I shall, the Lord only knoweth. I am at this time, 
 and hath been a great while, very infirm of body, and full of trouble 
 and pain, insomuch that I verily think my time cannot be long in this 
 world ; and I could have willingly advised with thee concerning the 
 disposal of that little portion God hath lent me, and which I have now 
 left in this world, but I must now be content without it. 
 
 I troubled thee with such business some years ago, (viz.) soon after 
 my wife died, and that will thou made for me I have now by me, but
 
 10 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 since that, there is a great alteration in my estate, and also some in my 
 family, which necessitate me to make a new will ; for though I have 
 (I think) been careful and a good husband, yet (though it be with 
 shame), I must need tell thee one of my housen I gave to my younger 
 daughter, is mortgaged, and I still owe a great deal of money [to] my 
 friends even with the necessaries and things considerable I left to my 
 son. One of my elder daughters is dead, and the other married. My 
 disbursements for her, and my son, I have as near as I can computed, 
 with what goods that I know they have, and what I do not know I must 
 let pass ; so that now things being as they are, my three youngest 
 children will have but little, yet I am willing they should have all I 
 leave, and I think with good reason ; for I would willingly discharge 
 my conscience and die at peace, for when I think of their dear mother, 
 my loving, careful, and painful wife, it -makes me heartily sorry I have 
 no more to leave them, of what she was so industrious for, thinking it 
 for their good. 
 
 Therefore I do desire that thou would once more take the trouble upon 
 thee for me (and I hope for their good), to draw up my will, in such 
 sound form as may exclude all pretended legal claimants, or heirs to 
 what I leave, for I know I shall not please my two elder children, but 
 I can't now help it. My design is to preserve my own peace. My will, 
 in as good order as I can express it, I will here give thee in rough draft; 
 as short, as full, as plain and simple, as my mind and thought can deliver 
 it, designing thee to methodize it, as thou so canst. 
 
 First, then, my will is, that my debts be computed with the money 
 upon the mortgage, also, and likewise, my personal estate what and 
 wherefore it be money, debts or goods ; and that my executors sell the 
 farm and pay my debts, and summon all charges as far as they will 
 extend. 
 
 And as in my former will, I give unto my daughter, Anna Riggs, 
 and my daughter Sarah Riggs, all that my copyhold tenement in Wood- 
 bridge, called the Greyhound, now in the occupation of Henry Pessy, or 
 his assignees, holders of the Manor of Woodbridge, Rasleton, by equal 
 moyetiea and half -parts, (viz.) : to Ann and her heirs for ever, the one 
 part ; and Sarah and her heirs for ever, the other part. And then, as in 
 my last, I give and bequeath unto my daughter, Elizabeth Riggs, and 
 her heirs for ever, my two small tenements adjoining to the Greyhound, 
 in the occupation of Richard Home, and William Fuller, or their assignees, 
 holden of the manor aforesaid, with this proviso, that if either of them 
 die before they come to the proper possession thereof, that then the 
 whole estate be equally divided between the survivors, either a like 
 part. 
 
 Then I give unto my son Thomas Riggs, and to my daughter Mary, 
 now the wife of William Norton, each the sum of twenty shillings, to be 
 paid within a year and one day, after my decease, and of which, and all 
 my remaining debts, my will is that, after my executors have taken up 
 the housen for my three daughters aforesaid, that they receive the rents 
 and profits thereof, until they have discharged all my debts, and closed 
 the mortgage, and legacies, and paid themselves their proper costs, both 
 trouble and charge concerning this my will. And also may, if they please 
 and see convenient, give my son Thomas the sum of five pound more, 
 beside what is before expressed (that is, when my debts are discharged), 
 out of the rents and profits of my housen aforesaid ; and when all is dis- 
 charged, paid, and done, to return them to my daughters aforesaid, if
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 11 
 
 they be capable, otherwise to take care of them, and for them till they 
 be. 
 
 And I make my trusty friends John Lawrence, of Bouly, and Thomas 
 Linde, Rendlesham, my executors, and my brother-in-law, Clement 
 Carter, of Woodbridge, super-adviser ; and further, my will is that, if 
 either of my children shall object, disallow, or not be content with the 
 doings and orders of this my three trusty friends, or to the survivor, or 
 survivors, if either or any of them oliance to die, that then to accept of 
 ten shillings for their part, and be utterly excluded. 
 
 So, dear friend, having given thee the sum of my mind, I desire thee 
 to form the same as speedily, and send me it as presently, as thou canst ; 
 for I rest unsatisfied till I see it accomplished. 
 
 I rest as deeply obliged, thy truly loving Friend, 
 
 EDWARD RIGOS." 
 
 112. Letter from Clement Carter to Crisp, from Melton 
 Gaol, 21st of 10th Mo. (Dec.), [16] 85, concerning the will 
 of Edward Rigg, see No. 9. 
 
 His, and fellow prisoners', love to Crisp and his wife. Has had some 
 debate about the substance of E. Riggs will, with the executors, 
 Thos. Linde being chief actor, because Jo. Lawrence is in prison. Many 
 unexpected claims have come to light, debts come in but slowly, so that 
 he is pent for money. He has taken up the Grey-hound which is to 
 come to the two eldest girls, but not the two tenements, upon which there 
 is a mortgage of 40. Unless he can have the 10 in Crisp's hands, 
 and the 10 in Eliz. Bennets towards the redemption, he will let it 
 fall. Jo. Lawrence and himself conceive it will be best so to do, else 
 Edwards will is not carried out, and the younger girls will be hardly 
 dealt with to pay 40, and, as it were, a double fine. It will be a long 
 time before the houses, at 6 per annum, will pay the mortgage interest, 
 taxations, and fine. If now redeemed, part will be saved. Edward 
 spoke to him of the money in their hands, and allotted it in his mind to 
 the use now spoken of. 
 
 He has enclosed the very letter written to Crisp, some time before 
 Edward died, desiring him to draw up his will by those directions. 
 But Crisp was at Yearly Meeting, and from thence went on to Holland, 
 before the letter could be got to nim, so the writer drew up Edward's 
 will at his desire, in the form directed in this letter. Would have sent 
 a copy of the will verbatim, but had none ready. Desires answer to be 
 sent by Solomon Freemantel, or his kinsman, next second-day, for they 
 expect a court soon, and if they be assured of that money, they will 
 take [the mortgage] up. Friends in prison were in debate about it this 
 day, and decided it would be prejudicial to let it fall. Elizabeth Bennet 
 is a prisoner, and waits an answer to this. Peter Cross, John Lawrence, 
 and all Friends send love. Two courts are already past. The time 
 is now at hand to take it up or let it fall. 
 
 10, 57, and 93. Letters from Benjamin Furly, dated from 
 Rotterdam, 3rd of 8th Mo. (Oct.), 1683 ; 17th of 7th Mo. 
 (Sept.), 1683 ; and 2nd of 8th Mo. (Oct.), 1683 ; the two first 
 to Crisp, the last to George Lawrie.
 
 12 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 All relating to the legal solemnisation of quaker marriages in Holland. 
 Due notice shall be given of the intention to the magistrates, for the 
 preservation of law and order in the State. In the first letter, he tells 
 how he has been to the Hague, waiting upon the Pensionery for an 
 audience. Excitement prevails, owing to the order given for the arrest 
 of the D[uke] of M[onmouth], should he appear. The Spanish and 
 Brandenburg envoys came in, and again hindered him. The second 
 letter raises a point of variance between Crisp and Furly, still in relation 
 to the marriage question. The third letter is forwarded to Crisp, and 
 endorsed by George Whitehead. It accompanied one to Barclay, and 
 is to be shown to Fox. (See also Nos. 1, 83, and 94). 
 
 BENJAMIN FURLY was born at Colchester, on the 13th of April, 1636, and 
 began life as a merchant there, early joining the Friends. Previous to 
 1677 he went to live at Rotterdam, for in that year George Fox stayed at 
 his house, and Furly acted as interpreter for his tour in Holland and Ger- 
 many. He also travelled with Penn. His house became the rendezvous of 
 Leclerc, Limborch, and other learned men, and he entertained Algernon 
 Sydney, Locke, and the third Lord Shaf tesbury. He corresponded with 
 Sydney and Locke, and wrote various works, beside translating others 
 from Dutch into English. He died in 1714. The catalogue of his valuable 
 library, sold after his death, was published. A fourth paper of Furly's 
 appears as No. 104 in this Collection. It is a copy, dated Rotterdam, 
 1669, of his recantation of certain papers given forth by him respecting 
 the wearing of the hat in prayer. The Furlys were a numerous family in 
 Colchester. Furly's father, John Furly, was Mayor of Colchester, 1650 
 and 1652. (Cromwell's " History of Colchester," pp. 397-8). 
 
 11 and 20. Jacob Telner's answer to George Keith's doc- 
 trine in his Catechism. 
 
 The life of GEORGE KEITH presents an extraordinary history of re- 
 ligious enthusiasm, unregulated by settled convictions. He was born 
 about 1639, near Aberdeen, and became a Scholar and M.A. of Marischal 
 College, Aberdeen. He was designed for the Presbyterian ministry, but 
 in 1662 joined the quakers, being first convinced by William Dewsbury. 
 In 1664 he was imprisoned for ten months in Aberdeen. Keith ren- 
 dered considerable assistance to the Apologist in his great work, and 
 also wrote with Barclay two treatises, " Quakerism no Popery," and 
 " Quakerism Confirmed." He emigrated to America in 1689, and upon 
 the deaths of Fox and Penn soon after, he relinquished some of the 
 quaker tenets. A controversy ensued, Keith and his followers calling 
 themselves " Christian quakers," and established a " consolatory repast 
 from house to house," i.e., a form of the Lord's supper. His dispute 
 with the Philadelphian Quakers caused Keith to be disowned by London
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 13 
 
 Yearly Meeting, whom he on his part also disowned. He set up a 
 meeting at Turner's Hall, and continued preaching against the Friends, 
 retaining their garb and speech, and administering baptism and the 
 supper. In 1702 he returned to America, as one of the first missionaries 
 sent out by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and was 
 eminently successful. Returning to England in 1704, he became 
 lecturer at Allhallows, Lombard Street, and was soon after presented by 
 Archbishop Tenison to the living of Edburton, Sussex, where he died 
 on 27th March, 1716. 
 
 20. Crisp to Jacob Telner ; no date. 
 
 He has always taken notice that his progress in the truth is harder 
 by reason of his natural temper, which is mixed with zeal to get forward, 
 and attain to high things. Hopes to hear of Telners daughter, who 
 must now be come to years of discretion. If she follow the light in her 
 own conscience, she will be a comfort to her parents, and lovely to all 
 her friends. 
 
 12. Letter from Deborah Roelof s to Crisp, dated Ham- 
 burg, 2nd of 8th Mo. (Oct.), 1670. 
 
 She and her husband both desire that love may have its free passage, 
 without hindrance because of things of less worth. [The letter is in 
 English, but the writer is evidently more at home in her native Dutch.] 
 
 41. Letter from Jan Roelof s, husband of the preceding ; 
 no date ; partly in Dutch. 
 
 After his dear wife had written, and let him read the enclosed, he was 
 
 moved in his heart to write a few words Wishes to 
 
 greet E. H[endricks], J. Jacops, Isaac Jacops, his good brother, Gertrude, 
 and Elizabeth Cr[ia]p, [he means probably Crisp's wife Dorothy, as his 
 mother Elizabeth was dead. Adds a p.s.] But just now has received 
 through Stijnter, a deal of books, to be perused, which having done, he 
 finds them to be in that spirit of keeping on the hat in prayer. Intends 
 to burn them in the fire. Stijnter feels Crisp's words to her to be 
 sound and good. He may expect a letter from her. 
 
 The above alludes to a certain schism, introduced by John Perrot, 
 about keeping the hat on in prayer. Some verses written In Memoriam, 
 by Martin Mason, are to be found on the back of the title page of 
 " John Perrot's Vision," and in a letter to a friend, (Mason MSS., 
 Devonshire House) the latter says, pertinently, " What matter whether 
 hat be on or off, as long as heart be right." Perrot was at one time of 
 his life of somewhat doubtful sanity, and was imprisoned for a period 
 in an asylum at Rome, whither he had gone on a mission to convert the 
 Pope. He travelled extensively in Greece, Italy, America, and Bar- 
 badoes, and finally died in Jamaica, about 1682,
 
 14 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 13. An address to the inhabitants of London, cautioning 
 against the sin of pride, by George Whitehead, dated 18th 
 of 7th Mo. (Sept.), 1693. 
 
 A printed Broadside. 
 
 14. Letter from Crisp to Jonathan Haddock, dated Lon- 
 don, 8th of llth Mo., 1673. (Jan., 1674). 
 
 Has heard that Haddock went to R. Clark's to witness against the 
 proceedings of Friends against the rioters. It was not wisely done, for 
 it gives evidence of division. It is right to lay grievances before the 
 magistrates, else they are no friends to justice. An order is given that 
 all sufferings through not opening shops on a certain day [Christmas day], 
 be sent to London. 
 
 15. Journal, in his own handwriting, of Crisp's travel 
 into the West of England ; diurnal, from 27th of 8th Mo. 
 (Oct.) to llth of 13 th Mo., 1669 (Jan., 1670). See Introduction. 
 
 16 and 100. Two letters from Mrs. E. Bradford to Crisp, 
 dated Arksey (West Rid., Yorks.), 24th of 1st Mo. (March), 
 and 6th of 2nd Mo. (April), 16. 
 
 1. She hath not forgotten him, though prevented by illness from 
 writing. A prison cannot shut him out from the flowing of her love. 
 2. She received his, dated 29th of 9th Mo., and rejoices he is free 
 again. Many about Thorne, Hatfield, and Fishlake are prisoners at 
 York. Since the new Sheriff took possession of the castle, some have 
 been liberated. 
 
 17. Preface of a Dutch translation of some English work, 
 " The Translator to the Reader," Rotterdam. 
 
 18, 47, 62, 65, 95, 99, and 128. Letters from Peter Hend- 
 ricks, of Amsterdam, to Crisp, and others, relating chiefly to 
 money affairs of Friends in Holland. 
 
 128. "A Testimony of the Love of God and of the Faith 
 of Abraham," written in English, and signed Peter Hendricks, 
 Amsterdam, 4th of 1st Mo. (March), 1667. (" Collectitiae," 
 p. 144.) 
 
 99. Letter to Gertrude Dericks (G.D.N.), in Dutch, dated 
 Amsterdam, 26th of 9th Mo. (Nov.), 1677, and enclosing a 
 bill, in English, to William Crouch, for buttons supplied, 
 amounting to the sum of 209fl. 4st. ; and to John Vander 
 Wall, of Harwich, for Four Maps of the world, and charges 
 to Rotterdam, amounting to 15fl. 16st, It appears that
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 15 
 
 Hendricks and Clans [see below] had a business partner- 
 ship. 
 
 62. Letter to Franciscus M. van Helmont, in Dutch, dated 
 Amsterdam, 24th of 12th Mo., 1681 (Feb.), 1682. 
 
 95. Letter to Crisp, in Dutch, dated Amsterdam, 3rd of 
 8th Mo. (Oct.), 1683. 
 
 65. Paper dated Amsterdam, llth July, 1688, signed by 
 Peter Hendricks, B. v. Tongere, Jan. Glaus, Peter Roelofs, 
 Jacob Glaus, and Pieter Heus, on behalf of the Two Weeks' 
 meeting at Amsterdam, concerning the sum of 364 sterling, 
 set apart by Gertrude Dericks Nieson, for the service of the 
 truth and the furthering of the gospel, for which the above 
 named remain surety, the interest to be paid twice yearly 
 by them on the 24th of July and December. 
 
 On the other side, a letter to Crisp, dated Amsterdam, 13th 
 Sept., 1688. 
 
 18. Letter to Crisp, in Dutch, Amsterdam, 23rd of 6th 
 Mo. (Aug.), 1692. 
 
 19, 27, 28, 75, 131, 132. Letters from Jan Glaus, to Crisp, 
 and others. 
 
 27. Glaus to Crisp, in Dutch, no date, but in answer to 
 one of 9th December, [16] 71, which points to its being 
 written in 1672, and before the writer became a Friend. 
 He recounts his history, and study of the writings of Tauler, 
 Wegelius, Sebastian Franken, and Jacob Bohme, and other 
 German Mystics of the 16th and 17th centuries. 
 
 19. Letter from Hilary Prache to Glaus, copied by the 
 latter. Oldebergh, 3rd of 3rd Mo. (May), 1673. 
 
 Glaus' letter of the 7th of the 2nd Mo. (April) he received on the 
 28th of the same, in Breslau, likewise those from E. H. [Elizabeth 
 Hendricks, see No. 70], and (as he supposes) her husband P. H., which 
 were pleasant to him. His name is Hilarius Prache, which in Holland 
 and England is well-known to Professors of the Hebrew tongue, as the 
 translator of a treatise by Jedaia Happenini, a Spanish Jew, called 
 Bakkaschu, sive meditatio, cujus singulce voces a Mem incipiittit, 
 pactis vocalibus adornata, Latine explicata, notis & illustrate, opera 
 et studio Hilary Prachy, Ligio Silesi. Impress, Lipsse, Anno 1662, in 
 4to. He came to Oldeburgh from Liegnitz, eleven miles from Breslau, 
 where he was pastor and senior from 1662 to 1669. From Hamburgh, 
 or Berlin, to Breslau is eighty-six miles. The catalogue desired by 
 Glaus of the books he already has, is nearly finished. Of English books, he 
 has only the Bible, an English grammar by John Wallis, printed in Ham- 
 burg the preceding year, " The Pearl found in England," and " To the 
 Turk and all under his Supream [Rule]," by G.F. [George Fox]. Half-a- 
 mile from thence, in five villages, right in the middle of the Lutherans,
 
 16 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 live a people called Svenkfelden, who have learned the truth differently 
 from others, who remain still when others bow, sing, and read the 
 Picardier hymns, have continued thereabouts for 150 years, and are not 
 unlike the Mennonists. They are sore pressed by the new magistrate. 
 They believe in infant baptism, attend neither Lutheran, or Papist 
 Churches, and (they say) have lived twelve years without being mo- 
 lested by either Lutheran or Papist magistrates. They frequent his 
 house, for he, when a student, at college, for three years, had met with 
 a similar Consistory near Liegnitz, calling themselves Collegianten. 
 He has had the works of G. K. [George Keith] and the like, fifty -five 
 books. Has also corresponded with Elizabeth Hendricks, whose letters 
 he finds full of teaching. 
 
 HILARIUS PRACHE was born in 1614 at Teutschel, near Liegnitz, being 
 the son of the pastor of that place. His early days were spent in Bres- 
 lau, and in Hungary, whence he returned poor and unsatisfied, with a 
 decided inclination towards mysticism, and having become an acknow- 
 ledged Hebrew scholar. After teaching in noble families for some time, 
 he was ordained in Breslau, 1651, and appointed pastor of Diersdorf. He 
 is chiefly known as the learned translator of " Bakkascha," a Hebrew 
 treatise by a Spanish rabbi named Jedaia Happening which work he 
 alludes to in the above letter. His leaning towards mysticism becom- 
 ing more pronounced, he was compelled to resign his office, and in 1674 
 he left Germany for London, where he and his family sought out and 
 joined the quakers. He was afterwards employed for some time as a 
 corrector and translator in the printing press at Cambridge. He died in 
 1679. 
 
 The COLLEGIANTEN were a body of Christians closely connected with 
 the Waterlander Mennonites (see No. 36), although holding that the office 
 of teacher had ceased in the church, who " needed not that any man 
 should teach them," because the bible now exists, &c. Preaching they 
 held should be open to all spiritually minded Christians. On the intro- 
 duction of more liberal and enlightened views among the Mennonites, 
 the Collegianten lost their raison d'etre. Their last General Assembly was 
 held in 1787 at Ruuysberg, and in 1791 their meetings at Amsterdam and 
 Kotterdam ceased. 
 
 CASPAR SCHWENKSFELD, who istermed by Dr. Dorner in his "History of 
 Protestant Theology," the noblest representative of the theoretical mys- 
 ticism of the age of the Reformation, was a Silesian nobleman, born in 1 490. 
 On attaining his majority, he joined the Court of Duke Charles of Munster- 
 berg, and afterwards lived for many years with Duke Frederick of 
 Liegnitz. At Munsterburg he learned of John Huss, and commenced to 
 study Tauler. Luther's conduct at Worms completed the conviction that 
 his religion hitherto had not been of the heart, He retired to private
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 17 
 
 life, and studied the Scriptures " day and night." Upon conferring with 
 Luther at Wittenberg, a grave divergence in their views became evident. 
 Schwenksfeld held that the Reformation should proceed from within out- 
 wardly, and not from without inwardly. He disapproved of linking the 
 Reformed Church with the State, and said the Lutherans were forming 
 a church by power and command of the magistrate, not gathering one 
 first formed by Christ's spirit. Schwenksf eld's teaching was in complete 
 accordance with George Fox's on three cardinal points : inward light, 
 immediate revelation, and the denying of bodily acts, such as the 
 sacraments, to maintain spiritual life. Schwenksfeld underwent much 
 persecution from the clergy, who maintained that he, as a layman, had 
 no right to teach. He was banished from Liegnitz, forbidden to exercise 
 his religion, and finally excommunicated by Luther. Worn out in body 
 and mind, he died at Ulm, 10th December, 1561. His followers were 
 persecuted, imprisoned, and banished, especially between 1719 and 1734, 
 when a body of them emigrated to England, and finally settled in Penn- 
 sylvania, where they still maintain their existence as a distinct religious 
 sect. His history is eminently interesting, and will amply repay further 
 study. 
 
 19. On the back is a letter from Glaus to Crisp, Gertrude 
 (Dericks) and Lysbet (Hendricks) dated Amsterdam, the 28th 
 of 3rd Mo. (May), 1673. 
 
 He received yesterday Hilary Prache's letter, of which he has made a 
 Dutch copy on the other side. Read it attentively. The writer [of it] 
 heard the preaching of William Ames in Breslau. Greet him affection- 
 ately to Th. Gr., W. Penn, Jam. Parke, W. Welch, W. Crouch, John 
 Furly, Ezek. Woolleyand Mary, Dorothy Crisp, John Casimir, and other 
 Friends. 
 
 In Rep. II. of the Hist. MSS., App. vi., p. 16, Ezekiel Woolley, of 
 Spitalfields, is mentioned as attending a Meeting House at Plaistow, 1676. 
 
 28. The same to G.D.N., in Dutch, with postscript in 
 English ; Amsterdam, 18th of 9th Mo. (Nov.), 1677. 
 
 This letter, like No. 99, is addressed to Gertrude Dericks, afterwards 
 Crisp (called by Fox in his Journal, Gertrude Dericks Niesen), while she 
 is on a visit to Steven and Dorothy Crisp, at Colchester, having returned 
 from Holland with Penn and Fox, in October, 1677. 
 
 His esteem is great for her, in that for the service of truth she has 
 offered herself [to visit England]. He will open his heart as a child, 
 and the more so as she has S.C. near by, that they together may advise 
 him. He has desired that life and power may spread through all the 
 earth, but sees not the way, only desires to help. In his last journey 
 with William Penn to Germany [as interpreter], his mouth was a little 
 opened, but since his return, things have not been well. Has felt
 
 18 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 something arising in his heart to say in the meeting, but was surrounded 
 with reasonings and fears, till he has wished himself somewhere in a 
 corner, that with tears and weeping he might ease himself. Can they 
 give him a word of counsel that the cloud shall quickly vanish. His 
 love is to her dear children, and Dorothy Crisp, Solomon and Sarah 
 Freemantel, Mary Bray, and George Weatherley. 
 
 131. The same to Friends of London Yearly Meeting, in 
 English, Amsterdam, A of I Mo., 1686 (6th May). 
 
 He is asked by the quarterly meeting at Amsterdam, to inform 
 Friends in London of the state of affairs on the Continent. In Amster- 
 dam, Rotterdam, Haarlem, Alkmaar, and in Friesland, the meetings are 
 peaceable and well ;also at Embden, Frederickstatt, and Hamburg, since 
 the ending of their troubles (by the assistance of S. C[risp]) the year 
 before. In Dantzic there is trouble, through disturbers of their peace 
 falsely reporting them to the Burgomaster. The meetings in the Palat- 
 inate, and at Cref eld, are dissolved by the emigration of all their members 
 to Pennsylvania. The fund for the assistance of those who suffer for 
 the truth is now reduced to 16. 5s. If Friends in Dantzic are involved, 
 as they fear, in greater trouble, prison, and so forth, they will need help, 
 since they cannot continue their trades. 
 
 75. The same to Crisp, in Dutch, Amsterdam, 3rd of 10th 
 Mo. (Dec.), 1687. 
 
 132. The same to John Furly, of Colchester, in English, 
 dated Amsterdam, TT of if Mo., 1693 (1st Dec.). 
 
 He duly received the books forwarded soon after Furly's return to Eng- 
 land. Concerning Crisp's books, brother J. Roelofs says he sent a 
 catalogue long ago ; they have no copy of it, and to make another 
 would cost much time. Steven wrote nothing in Dutch, but always 
 first in English. He kept all his MSS. himself, and he believes many 
 that have not been printed will be found among his papers. 
 He will make another catalogue, if wished ; and will be glad to open 
 a correspondence as to the welfare of Friends in Holland. Jacob Telner 
 is with them, and salutes all in Colchester. He wishes love to Furly's 
 wife, and all his relations ; his wife, Peter Hendricks and his wife 
 desire the same. Particularly salutes his brother, Benjamin Furly, 
 and his wife, hopes she and the little one are well, and looks for an 
 order for buttons from his brother. 
 
 JAN GLAUS was a merchant of Amsterdam, who settled in England, 
 where he joined the Society. His brother Jacob Glaus, was a printer and 
 bookseller in Amsterdam. In 1664, being in London, he was arrested, 
 tried at the Old Bailey, and in spite of his plea that he was a foreigner, 
 sentenced to transportation for seven years to Jamaica. With fifty- 
 five others, he sailed on the 20th of July, in the Black Spread Eagle. 
 Many on board died of the plague and close confinement ; but Glaus 
 lived to return to Holland, and continue his work. He married a sister 
 of Dr. Hasbert, of Embden, but never returned to London. He acted 
 as interpreter to Fox on his visit to Holland and Germany in 1677. 
 (Crouch's " Posthurna Christiana," 1712, p. 89.)
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 19 
 
 21. George Fox, junior, to Crisp, dated Lambeth House, 
 16th of 5th Mo. (July), 1660. (" Collectitite," p. 20.) 
 
 Immortal power only can preserve them in the day of trial. Fears 
 some may be hurt by flattery, and others by reason of desperate cruelty. 
 Meetings in London are pretty quiet, so far as he knows. His fellow- 
 prisoner and himself have leave from the gaoler to walk in the garden 
 sometimes. 
 
 GEORGE Fox, JUNIOR, was no relation to the founder of the Society. 
 Although an older man, he took the title of junior, because he said he 
 had not witnessed the second birth until long after his namesake. For 
 preaching at a meeting at Harwich, Fox, with Gressingham, an admir- 
 alty shipwright, who was convinced, and voluntarily accompanied him, 
 was sent by order of Parliament, on the representation of the Mayor 
 of Harwich, to Lambeth Gate House, and kept there week after week, 
 no notice being taken of then: case. While in prison at Harwich, he 
 wrote "A Noble Salutation of Charles Stuart," dated 16th May, 1660, in 
 which he reviewed the affairs of the nation for many years, pointed out 
 to the King wherein his father's government had committed evil, and 
 brought punishment upon themselves, "although I shall not say but 
 that some of them went beyond their commission against thy father 
 when they were brought as a rod over you." He warned the King not 
 to countenance pride or oppression, nor to seek revenge on his former 
 enemies. He also wrote, in Lambeth prison, " England's Sad Estate 
 and Condition Lamented," pub. Lond., 1661, and "The Dread of God's 
 Power uttering His voice through man unto the heads of the nation," 
 dated 28th July, 1660. He died at Hurst, Sussex, 7th July, 1661. 
 
 22. The Princess Elizabeth of the Palatine, to Crisp. 
 
 Y e 2 of May. [1672.] 
 
 " Yo r good wishes for our family, and intentions to come and see me 
 are very acceptable. What could not be performed this tyme, may be 
 in another season, in ye meanwhile I shall indeavor to practis yor 
 lesons, as God shall af ord me strength. I have bin out of my native contry 
 above seventeen yeares, and know not what passed ther. if my brother 
 did refuse protection unto Godly persons, it is ill for him, but the better 
 for them, to have noe share in y e desolation of y* poor ruined contry. 
 God will gather all y* live in obedience to him wher and when he 
 pleases. I recomend to yor prayers one y* loves all y* love ye Lord 
 Jesus Christ, named yo r unknown friend in Him. 
 
 ELIZABETH." 
 
 ELIZABETH, Princess Palatine, and Abbess of Herwerden, or Herford, 
 in Westphalia, without doubt one of the most talented women of her 
 own, or any other time, was the eldest daughter, and third child, of
 
 20 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James I., and Frederick V., King of 
 Bohemia. She was born at Heidelberg, on the 10th November, 1618, 
 and when about a year old, the youthful couple, her parents, whose mar- 
 riage in London had been celebrated with such extraordinary pomp and 
 splendour, were lured into accepting the dazzling positions of King 
 and Queen of Bohemia. Before twelve months had passed, however, their 
 dream of regal state had vanished. Frederick was exhorted, by the Em- 
 peror of Austria, to surrender his crown within a month, on pain of ex- 
 communication. The Palatinate was invaded by a hostile army under 
 the Marquis Spinola, and " The Winter King " and his young wife fled, 
 in peril of their lives, to the Hague, where the remainder of the Queen's 
 life was spent. 
 
 Elizabeth's early childhood was passed under the guardianship of her 
 grandmother, the Electress Louise Juliana, daughter of William the 
 Silent. She was a woman of strongly marked character, well balanced, 
 upright and somewhat uncompromising. With infinite tact and judgment, 
 she had retired from the Court on the arrival of the gay, pleasure-loving 
 daughter of the Stuarts, else would her careful Teutonic soul have been 
 scandalized at the extent of the new Electress's household, and at its 
 spendthrif t ways. On the Electress's dowry lands at Kaiserslautern, at the 
 foot of the Hartz Mountains, and under this careful tutelage, Elizabeth's 
 early impressions were received ; and when at ten years old she joined 
 the Court of her mother at the Hague, she appeared a grave, demure 
 child, who quickly earned the ridicule of her uncle Maurice. 
 
 She was undoubtedly the intellectual superior of the rest of the family ; 
 acquired languages with ease, and showed a real talent for mathematics. 
 Her youngest sister, the witty Electress Sophia of Hanover, mother of 
 George I, describes her with a clear touch, in which one suspects, however, 
 a trifle of maliciousness. " My sister," she says, " who was called Mme. 
 Elizabeth, had black hair, a dazzling complexion, brown sparkling eyes, 
 a well-shaped forehead, beautiful cherry lips, and a sharp acquiline nose, 
 which was rather apt to turn red. She loved study, but all her philoso- 
 phy could not save her from vexation when her nose was red. At such 
 times she hid herself from the world. I remember that my sister, Princess 
 Louise, who was not so sensitive, asked her on one such unlucky occasion to 
 come upstairs to the Queen, as it was the usual hour for visiting her. 
 Princess Elizabeth said, ' Would you have me go with this nose ? ' The 
 other replied, ' Will you wait till you get another ? ' Louise was lively 
 and unaffected, Elizabeth very learned ; she knew every language and 
 every science under the sun, and corresponded regularly with Descartes.
 
 ELIZABETH. PRINCESS PALATINE.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 21 
 
 This great learning, however, by making her rather absent-minded, often 
 became the subject of our mirth." 
 
 When Elizabeth was just twenty, she rejected the suit of the King of 
 Poland rather tlian abjure the religion of which her father had so long 
 been the representative. The restoration of Frederick to his dignities 
 never to be accomplished was destined to symbolize the triumph of the 
 Protestant cause in Europe. This decision was owing to Elizabeth having 
 at that time commenced her true intellectual life. She had begun to 
 think out truth for herself. Two years earlier, had been published the 
 Discours de la Afethode of Descartes, and the young student eagerly 
 devoured it, as well as the Essaies, and the Meditations, which shortly 
 followed. 
 
 Another contemporaneous description of Elizabeth, will give a glimpse 
 of the reverse side of her character, to that drawn by her sister. Sorbiere, a 
 famous French physician, who lived for many years in Holland, says : 
 " Wonders are told of this rare personage. It is said that to the know- 
 ledge of strange tongues, she has added that of abstruse sciences, that 
 she is not to be satisfied with the mere pedantic terms of scholastic lore, 
 but will dive down to the clearest possible comprehension of things ; 
 tliat she has a sharp wit, and a most solid judgment ; that she enjoys 
 listening to Descartes, and studies his works far into the night ; that she 
 likes surgical experiments, and causes dissections to be made before her 
 eyes ; and lastly that in her palace dwells a clergyman suspected of being 
 a Socinian. Her age at this time seems to be somewhere about twenty ; 
 her beauty and carriage really those of a heroine ! " 
 
 Between Descartes and the Princess there sprang up a rare friendship. 
 To both of them it was of incalculable worth. To Descartes, Elizabeth, 
 with her refined intellect, showing the rare combination of mathe- 
 tical and metaphysical powers, became at once the inspirer and critic of 
 all he wrote from that time till his death. To the Princess, his letters, 
 which are discretion itself, and in which he never forgets the difference 
 in their stations, gave a stimulus to study, which nothing else could 
 have supplied. 
 
 The position of the Princess, during the greater part of her life, was 
 one of extreme discomfort, not to say humiliation, for a woman of her 
 intellectual gifts. Soon after reaching maturity, she left her mother's 
 court at the Hague, never to return, and for many years she occupied 
 a place of complete dependence in the court of her brother, Charles 
 Louis, Elector Palatine, at Heidelberg. With the Elector's wife, she had 
 very little in common, yet with a faithfulness characteristic of her
 
 22 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 nature, she espoused the latter's cause with warmth and discretion, 
 during the long course of neglect and ill-treatment which she suffered 
 at the hands of her husband. At length, in April, 1667, Charles Louis 
 did procure for his sister the appointment of Abbess at the well-endowed 
 Lutheran convent of Herwerden, or Herford, in Westphalia. This 
 post conferred on her a certain political dignity, and she became 
 nominally a member of the German Empire. She was authorized to 
 send a deputy to the Diet, and required to furnish one horseman and six 
 foot soldiers to the Imperial forces. She presided in a court of justice, 
 and exercised authority over some 7,000 persons, in the Imperial town 
 of Herford, and the adjacent villages. Her territory became the asylum 
 for many persecuted religionists, and it was the establishment there of 
 the followers of Jean de Labadie, that led to an acquaintance between 
 the Princess and the English Friends, which resulted in warm friend- 
 ship, especially with William Penn, who says in one of his letters to 
 her, " Thou hast taught me to forget that thou art a Princess." 
 
 Penn probably visited Herford on his first journey to Holland in 1671. 
 Barclay and Benjamin Furly also visited the Princess in 1676, so that on 
 Penn's second visit in 1677, she and her companion, the Countess Homes, 
 were amply prepared to receive him as the friend of Barclay, her kinsman. 
 For through his mother, Catherine, daughter of Sir Robert Gordon, the 
 first Knight Baronet of Scotland, Gentleman of the Bedchamber, and 
 second cousin to James I., Barclay was clearly connected with the 
 Princess by ties of blood as well as friendship. Upon the imprisonment 
 of his father, Colonel David Barclay, and many more Friends in Scotland, 
 Robert Barclay wrote to the Princess to request her brother, Prince 
 Rupert, to use his influence for their release. Her answer, dated July 
 frSt, 1676, says, "I should admire God's providence, if my brother 
 could be a means of releasing your father and forty more in Scotland : 
 having promised to do his best, I know he will perform it. He has ever 
 been true to his word." In the same letter, she begs that any of the 
 Friends will visit her. A few months later, Robert Barclay himself 
 lay in the Tolbooth of Aberdeen, for attending meeting with some other 
 Friends, and Elizabeth wrote again to Prince Rupert, begging him to 
 prevent their destruction. (" Diary of Alexander Jaffray," p. 355.) 
 Barclay also requested the Princess to use her influence with the 
 Duchess of Lauderdale, whose husband was a member of the Scotch 
 Council, and high in favour with Charles II., for the relief of the 
 Friends in Scotland from persecution. 
 
 There was always a welcome for the Friends at Herford, and among
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 33 
 
 those who visited the Princess beside the above were Gertrude Dericks, 
 Elizabeth Hendricks, Isabel Yeomans, daughter of Judge Fell, and the 
 wife of George Keith. 
 
 An interesting account of Penn's visit to her is to be found in his 
 Journal of his "Travels in Holland and Germany," 4th ed., pp. 19-30. A 
 vivid picture of her life of daily, unostentatious charity is drawn by him 
 in "No Cross, No Crown," among his short biographical accounts called 
 " Serious Dying as well as Living Testimonies." He says : 
 
 " The late Princess Elizabeth of the Rhine of right claimeth a me- 
 morial in this discourse, her virtue giving greater lustre to her name 
 than her quality, which yet was of the greatest in the German empire. 
 She chose a single life as freest from care and best suited to the study 
 and meditation she always inclined to ; and the chief est diversion she 
 took, next the air, was in some such plain and housewifely enter- 
 tainment, as knitting, &c. She had a small territory, which she 
 governed so well that she showed herself fit for a greater. She 
 would constantly, every last day of the week, sit in judgment 
 and hear and determine causes herself, where her patience, justice, 
 and mercy were admirable, frequently remitting her forfeitures, 
 where the party was poor, or otherwise meritorious. And which was 
 excellent though unusual, she would temper her religion, and strangely 
 draw concerned parties to submission and agreement, exercising not so 
 much the rigour of her power as the power of her persuasion. Her 
 meekness and humility appeared to me extraordinary. She never con- 
 sidered the quality but the merit of the people she entertained. Did 
 she hear of a retired man hid from the world, and seeking after the 
 knowledge of a better, she was sure to set him down in the catalogue of 
 her charity if he wanted it. I have casually seen, I believe, fifty tokens 
 sealed and superscribed to the several poor subjects of her bounty, whose 
 distance would not suffer them to know one another, though they knew 
 her, whom yet some of them had never seen. Thus, though she kept 
 no sumptuous table in her own court, she spread the tables of the poor 
 in their solitary cells, breaking bread to virtuous pilgrims according to 
 their want and her ability. Abstemious in herself and in apparel, void 
 of all vain ornaments. 
 
 " She lived her single life till about sixty years of age, and then departed 
 at her own house in Herwerden llth of 2nd Mo., 1680, as much lamented 
 as she had lived beloved of her people. To whose real worth, 
 I do, with a religious gratitude for her kind reception, dedicate this 
 memorial."
 
 24 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 23. Epistle to Friends, in Dutch, signed Jacob Aerents, Jan 
 Roelofs, Bade van Tongere, Peter Hendricks, and Jan Glaus, 
 dated llth of 1st Mo., 1680, Holland style. 
 
 Keports on the state of affairs, mentions disbursements for Friends at 
 Embden and Dantzic, and states sums in hand. 
 
 24. Copy, in his own hand, of a letter from Crisp to Penn, 
 dated London, 4th of 3rd Month (May), 1684. It was carried 
 out by the Endeavour ', and received by Penn at Philadelphia 
 in July, 1684. (Clarkson's "Life of Penn," Vol. ! p. 419.) 
 
 He has a great sense of the intricate cares, and multiplicity of affairs, 
 of different kinds, which daily attend one in such a responsible position. 
 Reminds him that natural parts alone cannot advance the interest and 
 profit of the government, and plantation, and at the same time give the 
 interests of Truth due preference in all things. The eyes of men are 
 upon him ; may he be furnished with wisdom. The writer has not been 
 in London since last Yearly Meeting, when he was taken with a fit of 
 the stone, lasting three weeks. In the winter he lost his dear wife. His 
 body grows crazy and weakly, but he is in good courage and confidence, 
 concerning the main business he is continued for, viz., the service of 
 God and His people. The country about Colchester is quiet, but several 
 meetings are laid by for fear ; theirs are exceedingly large ; many have 
 been lately convinced. Their dear friend Gertrude is still at his house, 
 a careful nurse for him. She is at Colchester, but will come to the 
 Yearly Meeting. " Dear William, I might write long till all were 
 written that lies in my heart, but, in summa, I love thee well, and salute 
 thee dearly in y* which is unchangeable." 
 
 25. The judgment on one Guin (Gwyn), Mayor of Smith- 
 ick, not far from Plymouth, a new corporation, " soe made 
 since the king came in." 
 
 26. A copy of No. 105. 
 
 105. John Lodge to Crisp, dated Amsterdam, " llth of the 
 mo. called March, 1669, N. Style." (" Collectitiae," p. 151.) 
 
 He had prepared himself against S. C. as against a day of battle. 
 Had thought the foundation of his house stood sure, but was made 
 to know he was but a tottering wall. Has news from England, that 
 William Welsh and others now judged what before they contended for, 
 viz., the hat testimony. Relates how, through an extraordinary mental 
 conflict, he came to see the powerful work begun in England, his strong 
 oaks bowed as a young twig, his spears turned into sickles. 
 Wishes a copy sent to William Welsh, John Osgood, Gawen La wry, and 
 John Pennyman, or it may be read in public or private. 
 
 * This is Gertrude Dericks, of Amsterdam, whom, two years later, Crisp 
 married.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 25 
 
 Gawen Lawry, or Lawrie, was a London merchant, who also probably 
 owned property in Hertfordshire, since his goods were there seized. 
 (Besse, i., 252). Some time after 1680, he was appointed by Robert 
 Barclay, Deputy Governor to the province of East Jersey, with a salary 
 of 400, Barclay himself being Governor. He was also joint trustee 
 with Penn, and Nicholas Lucas, for the assignment of West Jersey for 
 the benefit of the creditors of Bylinge, the proprietor. (Jaffray's Diary, 
 p. 363.) 
 
 27 and 28. See Jan Glaus, 19. 
 
 29 and 30. Two Epistles in Dutch, from Crisp, to Friends 
 in Holland, dated Amsterdam, 28th of 4th Month (June), 
 1667, Old Style ; and London, 6th of 12th Mo., 1667 (Feb., 
 1668). 
 
 31. Letter from Dorothy Storr, to Crisp, dated Owstwicke, 
 East Riding, Yorks, 8th of 1st Month (March). 
 
 In the Lord is safe hiding place, in this their stormy day. May they 
 endure with patience the sharpness and greatness of their deep suffer- 
 ings, which her spirit hath had a feeling of. They received Stevens 
 letter, which was cause of joy, also heaviness, since he is in prison. It 
 is greatly desired that he write as soon as he has freedom. Her husband 
 salutes him, and she is straitened for time. [Adds in a postcript] 
 " The storm doth not yet reach us, but we look for it. Heare is a 
 great cahne at present in these parts. J. W. is at home, and W. D. 
 a prisoner at Warwick, but hath some libertie at present. G. F. prisoner, 
 Lancaster." 
 
 Dorothy Storr was the wife of Marmaduke Storr, of Beeford, Holder- 
 ness, Yorks, grazier. His brother, Joseph Storr, being in prison at 
 Northampton in 1654, Marmaduke went to visit him, on his way into 
 Staffordshire to renew the lease of his farm, the rental of which was 
 about 140 per annum. On arriving at Northampton, he was thrown 
 into prison, for refusing the oath of allegiance, which of course the 
 magistrates had no right to tender him. He was thus prevented from 
 visiting his landlord, so that his family were obliged to remove them- 
 selves, their stocks, and cattle from his farm at a day's notice, " to his 
 grievous loss and disadvantage." It appeared at his trial, that he had 
 been engaged in serving the Commonwealth in its direst straits, " for 
 which," said he, " they are indebted to me about two hundred pounds, 
 as my commission, debenture, and claims on record will show." Never- 
 theless, he was arrested on the pretext of being a person disaffected to 
 the government, and was detained in prison ten months. 
 
 The writer of No. 71, Dorothy Hutchinson, was the daughter of
 
 26 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 Marmaduke and Dorothy Storr, married 29th of May, 1668, to Thomas 
 Hutchinson, of Beverley. 
 
 W. D. William Dewsbury was in prison nine years at Warwick, and 
 finally died there, but in his own house, June, 1688. Fox was a prisoner 
 in Lancaster from 1663 to 1665. 
 
 32. Theodor Eccleston to Crisp, dated London, 29th of 
 7th Mo. (Sept.), 1691 ; enclosing "the Heads of the Deed" 
 of Trust, of a meeting-house and burial ground, at Swansea, 
 dated 17th of March, 1674. 
 
 He is often sending him papers, because he loves to have something 
 wherewith to visit him. The grandson of the donor [of meeting-house, 
 etc.] now sues for it, pleading part of the Statute of Mortmain. Friends' 
 counsel insists on the equitable part ; the judge is of opinion that the 
 trust is good, so long as any of the trustees are living. He asks Steven 
 for his sense of the law, that he may advise them. 
 
 Sewel, in his Preface, p. xii, thanks his "well-beloved and much esteemed 
 friend, THEODOR ECCLESTON, of London, who has furnished me with abun- 
 dance of materials not only useful, but absolutely necessary for the com- 
 piling of this work." Whitehead calls him his " deare friend," and saya: 
 " He lent me his gelding, being a good easy horse, and I being but 
 weakly, and time being precious," for the journey to Highclere, Hants, 
 the eat of Sir Robert Sawyer, the Attorney-General, to obtain from him 
 signature to the warrant delivered to Barclay and himself, 15th March, 
 1685-6, for the release of the Friends in prison at that time. (" Christian 
 Progress," Lond. 1725, 8vo., p. 590.) 
 
 In December, 1694, Theodor Eccleston drew up, and signed on behalf 
 of the Society, " A brief representation of the Quakers' case of not swear- 
 ing ; and why they might have been, and yet may be, relieved therein 
 by Parliament." This was presented to Parliament, but they came to no 
 resolution in favour of the quakers, yet individual members thereof 
 " discovered a more friendly regard toward them." (Gough's " History," 
 iii. 370-8.) Eccleston died at Mortlake in 1726. His son, John Eccleston, 
 became noted in trade in the city of London, and was a Director of the 
 East India Company. 
 
 33. Letter from Judith Zinspenning, in Dutch, to Crisp, 
 dated Amsterdam, the 2nd of 5th Mo. (July), 1664. See No. 
 141. 
 
 She salutes him in love. Ed. Roelofs is ill with some fever, probably 
 measles, also his children. Her son William is still very weak. She 
 greets Edward de Eleermaker, his wife and children, Solomon [? Free- 
 mantel] and his wife, Crisp's father and mother, and all others, when he
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 27 
 
 is free. Especial love to Felis Waraedistel ; if her letter seems refreshing 
 to him, let it be also to his fellow-prisoners. 
 
 JUDITH ZINSPENNING was the mother of Sewel the historian, a woman 
 of great gifts, and whose early acquirements were so unusual that her 
 father used to say, " It is a pity this girl was not a boy, that she might 
 in time become an eminent instrument in the Church." Her son gives 
 some interesting particulars of her early life in his " History of the Rise," 
 etc. (vol. II. pp. 68, 121-5), and tells UB that she was much sought 
 after by the professors, and Fifth Monarchy men, on account of her 
 natural abilities. In 1663,she visited England with William Caton,hiswife, 
 and another Friend, and spoke at a meeting at Kingston, William Caton 
 being her interpreter. She afterwards stayed in London, where on one 
 occasion, she preached with such power, that although the only interpreter 
 present was not equal to the occasion, many " testified to the life and 
 power that accompanied her speech." She wrote several small books, in- 
 cluding a book of Proverbs, translated into English by William Caton, 
 and published in London 1663, with a note appended, that it is " to be 
 sent among the chosen generation in England, but especially in Essex, 
 London, and about Kingstone," which places she had most visited. She 
 also penned many Epistles to Friends, one of which Sewel gives. (Vol. 
 ii. pp. 125-8.) 
 
 34. Crisp to John Wilkinson, in Spalding Prison, from 
 Lincoln. (The corner with the date is torn off.) 
 
 Although he has never seen his face, he is drawn to write to him. 
 Having been ordered to pass through Friends in Yorkshire, he has, in 
 divers places, heard of him. Proceeds to advise to humility, and amend- 
 ment of life. 
 
 35. A paper in Dutch ; possibly a rough copy of an 
 epistle ; no date or signature. 
 
 36. "A note of what has lately happened among the 
 Menuists." 
 
 A list of occurrences in East Friesland, Hamburg, Harlingen, Amster- 
 dam, Haarlem, and Dantzic, whereby the strife among these sectarians 
 is related. 
 
 The MKNNONITES (called generally in this Collection, Menuists) were a 
 portion of the Anabaptist section of the church, opposed to the more 
 violent and fanatical party. They took their name from Menno Simons, 
 born in 1492, at Witmarsum, Holland, and originally ordained a Romish 
 priest. In 1536 he left the Romish church, and became one of the Bap- 
 tists, whose constancy under persecution he had seen. Many vigorous
 
 28 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 churches were founded by him and his followers, in Friesland, Holstein, 
 Cologne, and Zurich. He died in 1559. The Mennonites reject infant 
 baptism, oaths, the bearing of arms, and all unnecessary ornaments 
 in dress. They consider that human learning does not qualify for 
 the ministry, and that no hire should be given to ministers, although 
 the congregations assist their pastors with the means of living, if 
 poor. Their meeting-houses were very plain, with galleries for the 
 ministers. They practise silent prayer in meetings, and are in many 
 respects, as will thus be seen, identical in practice and belief with 
 the teachings of Fox. The resemblance may be further studied in 
 Barclay's " Inner Life of the Commonwealth," London, 1876. See also 
 letter No. 19, from Hilary Prache, and notes following on Schwenksfeld 
 and his followers, and the Collegianten, two other branches of the Men- 
 nonites. 
 
 37. Paper in Dutch, relating to R. Barclay, dated Amster- 
 dam, 13th of 8th Mo. (Oct.), 1677. 
 
 38. Copy of the deed to be signed by all masters of ships 
 at the Brill, the port of Rotterdam. 
 
 " Wee underwritten master and masters mate, designed with the help 
 of God to sayle to England, doe hereby attest and declare, that there is 
 noe more nor other goods, wares, nor merchantdise, to our knowledge, 
 loaden in the ship now under our command, then onely those that are 
 exprest in these our Cocquets, which we do here exhibit, and deliver 
 over to the Commissioners of ye utmost yuard of ye Netherlands, at 
 Recherche, for them thereby to make search and visitation. And that 
 noe fraud is acted, that we know of, nor that none of the goods laden in 
 our ship is silenced, or any indeavour used directly or indirectly to wrong 
 or hinder ye rights and priviledges of this country. And further we 
 doe holyly and uprightly promise, that after the Commissioners at 
 Recherche have made their visitation, we will take into our ship noe 
 other nor any more goods, nor suffer any to be laden, unlesse they be 
 first given over, and lawfully entered at the Custom House, and that it 
 doth so appear to us by the Passports, or Cocquets, that such goods shall 
 be delivered to us ; that by our knowledge the rights and customs of 
 this country may not directly or indirectly be hindered or shortened. In 
 
 witness whereunto we have signed this with our owne hands this 
 
 day of . 
 
 This is a true copy, of ye printed paper which ye English masters sets 
 their hands to, at ye Brill, when they come away. Translated for In- 
 formation of such, as for want of understanding the Dutch tongue, sets 
 their hands to they know not what, and often promise, attest, and declare 
 thereby, more than is true, and soe brings a burden upon themselves." 
 
 * Cocquete : An official custom-house warrant description of certain goods 
 which the searcher may pass to be shipped.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 29 
 
 39. Printed advice from the Meeting for Sufferings, dated 
 20th of 10th Mo. (Dec.), 1769, signed William Weston. 
 
 40. A short and simple answer to ten questions, given 
 forth by N. N. N. ' Written in great haste by me, John 
 Vanderwey.' 
 
 68. A Dutch translation of the same, signed John Vander Wedye. 
 
 41. See No. 12. 
 
 42. Copy of a Prophecy sent to Benjamin Furly, of Rotter- 
 dam, in the year 166 , from Montpelier, by the late Honour- 
 able Algernon Sydney, Esq., and by him, the said B. Furly, 
 accidentally found among old papers this th of 8th Mo. 
 (Oct.), 1688. See Nos. 10 and 104, B. Furly. 
 
 42* and 43. Two long and closely written letters, signed 
 T. H., dated Beverley, 6th, and 17th of 7th Mo. (Sept.), 
 1679, and dealing with some dispute about the sale of a piece 
 of land, mortgaged by the writer to G. Lawry (see No. 26), 
 and G. Hutchinson. 
 
 The case is to be tried in Chancery, and he is anxious to present certain 
 papers. He will send his wife by coach to London, and if S. C. will 
 render her assistance as a friend, he will take it kindly. Has given her 
 full power and instructions to act. Thinks that he has been hardly 
 judged by Friends. Swims in the waters of affliction which rise higher 
 and higher over his head. Hopes a friend may be raised to stand by his 
 wife. 
 
 These letters, the most puzzling in the whole Collection, I take to be 
 from Thomas Hutchinson, husband of Dorothy Storr, to whom she 
 addresses the letter No. 71. If so, they were written on the eve of his 
 starting for Maryland, and contain no hint of his intended desertion. 
 But they are extremely ill written and spelt, and contain such repetition 
 of his hard treatment by Friends, that it is impossible to follow the 
 story. He deprecates judgment of him, and a letter from Friends of 
 Hull, directed to Steven Crisp, at William Crouch's ; asks Crisp to 
 reserve judgment, and, with G. Whitehead and Alexander (? Parker) 
 to assist him, and rebuke G. Lawry. 
 
 44. No paper. 
 
 45. Articles of agreement between Crisp and John Cannon, 
 the elder, of Clothall, in the county of Hertfordshire, respect-
 
 30 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 ing the falling and sale of timber in Bryan's wood, dated 
 3rd of October, 1674. 
 
 45a. Copy of a paper, signifying that whereas Mathias 
 Harmun, tailor, of Haarlem, has for seven or eight years been 
 rebellious against all efforts for his reformation from dis- 
 orderly and unruly practices, they, the General Meeting of 
 Amsterdam, held the 23rd of 8th Mo. (Oct.), 1670, do 
 declare they have no longer any fellowship with him. 
 
 45&. A similar testimony against Bowdin Bowdenune, of 
 Leyden. 
 
 46. Similar denial of Mar : M. ; of Mart : Cuyper ; Walter 
 Arents, of Rotterdam, and Mary, his wife ; and Isaac Fur- 
 nerius, of Rotterdam, apostates, with whom they have 
 laboured in vain. 
 
 FUBNEBITJS was a doctor, who though at first a Friend, became after- 
 wards a Papist. See Caton's letter, No. 141, also Sewel's History, 4th 
 ed., 1799, p. 232. 
 
 47. Letter to the burgomaster of Landtsmeer, in the Nether- 
 lands, in Dutch, signed Peter Hendricks (see No. 18), and 
 Jacob Beets. 
 
 47a. Extract from Episcopius on the xvii. John, pp. 30, 31. 
 
 SIMON EPISCOPIUS (1583-1643), Professor of Divinity at Leyden 
 University, was a pupil of Arminius. 
 
 476. The sad end of Canon James Latemus, Doctor and 
 Professor of Divinity at Leyden, 29th of May, 1546. 
 
 47c and 48. Burning at the stake of John de Bakker, priest, 
 of Woerden, on the 15th of September, 1525, aged twenty-, 
 seven, the first martyr in Holland. 
 
 49. Forty queries given forth in Germany, in the 5th Mo. 
 (July), 1657, by an Englishman, George Rofe. 
 
 102. George Rofe to Crisp, dated Barbadoes, 16th of 9th 
 Mo. (Nov.), 1661. 
 
 He has been made an instrument of good in those countries. Has 
 visited Maryland, Virginia, New England, and the islands thereabout, 
 also the island of Bermuda, in all of which places there are many 
 Friends. Is now settled in the fruitful island of Barbadoes, which may
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 31 
 
 be called the nursery of the truth. A meeting is held there every day, 
 and sometimes two or three. Is glad to hear of the increase and 
 prosperity of Friends in Colchester, and wishes to greet them as if 
 named one by one. Will be glad to hear how it is with all those 
 counties, and may be addressed to Thomas Hart, Bridgetown, Bardadoes, 
 where he may stay some time. 
 
 GEORGE ROPE was born at Halsted in Essex, and was a glazier there. As 
 early as 1655, he was preaching at Hythe, in Kent, from which place 
 he narrowly escaped with his life, being thrown by the violence of the 
 crowd down some steep stone stairs, and otherwise ill-treated in the 
 presence of the Mayor, for having, after the priest had done, exhorted 
 the people. The next year he was in Bury St. Edmund's gaol, whence 
 he dated " Sion's Rock exalted over all the Earth to reign," published 
 1656. In 1658 he was confined for five months in the prison at Saffron 
 Walden, for speaking to a priest in the church. He also wrote " The 
 Revelation of God," pub. 1658, dated from Ipswich gaol December of 
 the year preceding ; " Cherubims," dated Barbadoes, 1661 ; and "A 
 Demonstration through the Eternall Spirit," 1663. He was drowned 
 during a storm on Maryland River, in a small boat, at the beginning of 
 the year 1664. (See letters from Caton, Nos. 135 and 141.) 
 
 50. Objections to the proposed laws of New Jersey Settle- 
 ment, whereby an inhabitant, and freeholder, was excluded 
 from the Assembly, if he held land in any other part of 
 America. 
 
 51. Extract from an old Chronicle of Holland, showing 
 how, in 814, Charles Ludovick, Emperor and Earl of Holland, 
 married his niece. 
 
 52. No paper. 
 
 53. Letter from John Furly, to the men's meeting in 
 Colchester, dated Colch., 10th Mo. (Dec.), 1710. 
 
 He is unable to be with them, but wishes John Hawkins to have f ton 
 of coal out of Susan Shortland's gift ; also Thomas Brown has paid for 
 | tou to B. Freeman's daughter by mistake ; let it be rectified. 
 
 This is the son of John Furly, mayor of Colchester in 1680. 
 
 54. Twenty-nine closely written pages of Crisp's autobi- 
 ography, pp. 1-53 of Crisp's Works, ed. Field, London, 1694. 
 
 55. Objections against the articles of the planters of Caro- 
 lina. 
 
 It is impossible, according to the present Constitutions published, for 
 those to keep a good conscience who are called quakera . . . if
 
 32 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 they submit thereunto. Seven reasons are given. "As concerning the policys 
 established for government, they concerne ourselves not much therein, 
 their kingdome being not of this world, seeking onely that under whom- 
 soever they live, their lives may be godly and quiett. To voluntaryly 
 transplant themselves from their native countrys, where they have in- 
 dured such great persecutions for keeping conscience cleere, and now, 
 by a voluntary subscription in a strange country, to cast away that 
 liberty which, through God's goodness and ye king's clemency, they 
 have obtained in their owne, would not be prudence to themselves, nor 
 safe for their posterity, and therefore they propound, for their owne 
 safeguard, and the quiett and peace of their consciences, these following 
 expedients" : 
 
 Here follow six propositions, desiring that no Quaker shall be ex- 
 amined concerning his faith, provided he doe not endeavour the damage 
 of any other in person or property ; that their affirmation yea or nay 
 shall pass for another's oath ; that they shall keep their own registers, 
 and deliver duplicates before the judges at every assizes, to be there 
 entered ; that they shall not be constrained to beare armes ; that none to 
 whom the above exemptions refer shall be held incapable of bearing any 
 office or dignity to which he may be properly chosen ; and that none 
 shall be constrained to maintaine any ministers of another church than 
 his own. 
 
 56. Letter from Simon de Pool to Crisp, in Dutch, dated 
 Amsterdam, llth of May, 1674, and addressed to him in 
 Rotterdam. 
 
 Has acted as interpreter to the Polish Envoy, returning home after 
 his travels in France, England, the Hague. He goes by Copenhagen 
 to Warschau, in Poland. One Albertus Opauki, a learned man, perfect 
 in the Latin tongue. Took him by desire to the Meeting, he was well 
 pleased, and bought some buttons. 
 
 One Simon van der Pyl was minister of the English church at 
 Flushing for thirty-two years, from 1700. He may have been a son of 
 Crisp's correspondent. (Stevens' " History of Scotch Church in Rotter- 
 dam," Edin., 1832, p. 306.) 
 
 57. See Furly, No. 10. 
 
 58. Michael Mugge to his two sons, Michael and Jacob, 
 in German, dated Dantzic, the 12th day of 9th Mo. (Nov.), 
 1683. 
 
 He understands his dear children are well and happy in Holland, and 
 to hear of them from Friends is comforting, but that they follow those 
 evil ones of Dantzic is not good. It is better to live in freedom than to 
 be in the house of correction. He would be glad if they could come 
 back to him, if it is the Lord's will. His aifectionate love to them and 
 all Friends. 
 
 Michael Mugge's wife is mentioned in Besse's "Sufferings," Vol. ii., 
 p. 434, as being imprisoned in Dantzic, and released by the inter-
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 33 
 
 cession of Christian Andreas, citizen of Dantzic, who relates the 
 occurrence in a letter to Jan Glaus, dated 22nd January, 1678. 
 
 59. Copy, in Dutch, of a letter from Theodoras Poludamus, 
 preacher, of Leenwarden, to the Lady Habuerin, dated 
 Leeuwarden, the 10th November, 1681. 
 
 64. Translation into English of the same, by Crisp, containing a 
 detailed account of the burning of Dowee Sitses, mason, of Bolsward 
 [Friesland], who, while lying drunk upon his kitchen floor, was burned, 
 as the writer conceives, in response to his own repeated oaths, and 
 herein a judgment upon all drunkards is implied. He has been with the 
 Procuror General to investigate the case ; found two master chirurgeons 
 and their assistants dressing the patient. In response to the desire of 
 her ladyship, these particulars are forwarded. 
 
 60. Copy, in Crisp's writing, of an award in a controversy 
 concerning the will of Neisy Dericks, the sister of Crisp's 
 second wife, Gertrude Losevelt. 
 
 Her will is that 3,000 gulden shall be set apart for the service of 
 friends in the ministry, and for the furtherance of the truth professed 
 by the people called Quakers. In pursuance of this, her sister Gertrude 
 Dericks [who was sole heire] hath by her transport, made in 1665, 
 divided and separated the said 3,000 gulden from the rest of the estate, 
 and hath committed the rule of the same to Win. C[aton] ; J. Ff[urly] ; 
 Cfornelius] R[oelofs] and Pfeter] H[endricks], to be by them disposed 
 of according to the will of the late Neisy Dericks ; howbeit the said 
 capitall is now lying so scattered, that it is not in a condition to answer 
 the ends aforesaid. Also, some controversy having arisen between 
 Gertrude D., and C. R.,and P. H., concerning the security, for the ending 
 of the same, G. D. with her husband, Adrian Van Loosevelt, on the one 
 part, and C. R. and P. H., on the other part, have given up the matters 
 relating thereunto to J. C[laus] and S. C[risp], by a writing under all 
 their hands in the presence of witnesses, promising to stand to whatever 
 they shall settle, and for the ending of all controversy for ever, they, 
 chosen by the parties in difference, do decide as follows : that Isaac 
 Jacobs, Jacob Areuts, and Gertrude Dericks of Amsterdam, doe receive 
 the severall sums of money out of divers hands hereafter mentioned, 
 viz : 
 
 468 gulden from Ad. V. Loosevelt. 
 
 500 gulden from Lambert Person, with interest. 
 
 350 gulden of R. Teetes. 
 
 1,052 gulden of Cornelius Roelofs, and 350 gulden of the widow of 
 Barent Roelofs, but if the said widow cannot conveniently pay at present, 
 then the appoyntment is that she give to the said three such security as 
 they shall approve and accept. 
 
 These sums having been received, the three trustees shall re-invest 
 the same, and at all times when any Friends in the ministry shall come 
 to this country, they shall give them uut of it what sums they require 
 to make use of. And further, it is ordered that the trustees ehall record 
 in a book, all their receipts and disbursement, " that noe grounds may 
 be for jealousies and objections." In case of the death of auy of the
 
 34 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 trustees, notice shall be given to the Friends in the ministry to appoint 
 another in their room. This is the determination of the arbitrators, that 
 so peace and order may ensue instead of strife, and that there may be 
 no more stumbling-block. 
 
 And if Gertrude Dericks be not in a capacity to supply the needs of 
 Leisy Thomas, and Mary Jansen, then, once a year, the said three 
 trustees may advance forty guldens a-piece to the said Leisy, and Mary, 
 towards their maintenance, as long as their necessity continue. 
 
 61. Letter from John Blaykling to Crisp, dated Drawell, 
 14th of 6th Mo. (Aug.). 
 
 He received Crisp's three days ago, and is glad they have been kept 
 in faithfulness. He travails with his friends in their trials and afflictions. 
 As Crisp has wisdom and dominion amongst them, let him be as a lamb, 
 serving in brokenness of heart, to the strengthening of the feeble. 
 His love and yearning is to all in the immortal birth, that hold fast their 
 testimony. When Crisp is writing to John Furly, s> he wishes to be 
 remembered, for he is dear to him. His love is also to Thomas Bayles, 
 and others whose names he does not know. 
 
 JOHN BLAYKLING was a native of Drawell, in the parish of Sedbergh, 
 Yorks, born in 1625, a minister for fifty years. He was many times im- 
 prisoned in York, and Tynemouth Castles, and elsewhere. At his house 
 was held the meeting which began on the 3rd of April, 1676, and lasted 
 four days, for the recovery of Storey and Wilkinson, two turbulent 
 persons who had set aside the good order and discipline of the Society, 
 saying they were forms. Blaykling wrote " Antichristian Treachery 
 Discovered," and died at the age of eighty, 4th May, 1705. 
 
 62. See Hendricks, 18. 
 
 63. A long document in Dutch, addressed to Pieter Arents, 
 and signed Cornelius Roelofs. 
 
 64. See 59. 
 
 65. See Hendricks, 18. 
 
 66. Relation of a prophetic vision, seen by Eervert Ltickes, 
 of Stoneven, while asleep on board a vessel at Amsterdam, 
 the 2nd of 10th Mo. (Dec.), 1653. 
 
 The decline of Holland is foretold, the war with Cromwell, 
 the Covenant with the Spanish Netherlands, and the death of 
 Grustavus Adolphus, after which " shall Cromwell's generation hold 
 up of reigning, and England shall seek a king, not out of a strange 
 
 * As Furly lived at Colchester, this remark and the tenour of the letter 
 seems to indicate that it was, like many others of the Collection, addressed to 
 Crisp while in prison.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 35 
 
 nation, but he that now is fled. Then shall great joy prevail in 
 Holland, for they shall make a covenant, but it shall not long endure, 
 for war shall follow and losses at sea, with great strivings by land and 
 sea. After which the king of France shall prosper and attain much 
 power over the Friesland countries, but when the anguish is at the height, 
 there shall come a swift deliverance, at a time when it is least seen. Thus 
 far the vision of the dream." 
 
 67. Remarkable cure of Jeske Claes, wife to Rinck Abbis, 
 boatman upon the Princes Island, Amsterdam, by a vision 
 on the night of the 13th of October, 1676. Translated from 
 the printed copy, published at New Bridge St., Amsterdam, 
 in 1677. 
 
 For fourteen years she had been a cripple, in one leg no feeling, no 
 strength in the other, forced to creep on the floor, be drawn in a little 
 waggon, or carried in arms like a child. On the night between the 13th 
 and 14th of October, 1676, she heard the clock strike, and the rattle 
 watch cry out one o'clock. She lay on her side and dozed, but felt 
 something grasp her right wrist three times, and a voice said, " Thy 
 goings shall be restored to thee again." She sate up on end, and cried, 
 " Shall I, sinful creature, be so happy as to have my going restored ? " 
 and the answer came, " It shall be so, but keep it private at present." 
 Then she cried still more loudly (so that the neighbours overhead heard her), 
 " Lord, had I but light to see what happens to me ! " and, taking hold 
 of her husband, sought to wake him, but in vain. 
 
 Then the voice said, " Light shall be given thee," and immediately a 
 brightness shone through the chamber, and she saw as plain as one can 
 see another, a little lad of about the size of ten years, with yellow, curled 
 hair, short like the hair of the blacks, and a white garment down to his 
 feet, with another white garment, which hung in flat pleats above the 
 first. He took two steps towards her, and then, neither of them having 
 breathed a word, vanished. Then she cried, " Lord, am I but to enjoy 
 thy light for so short a time? " And next, she felt like a stream of luke- 
 warm water, in her right hip and toe, and exclaimed, " I have life where 
 I had none before." 
 
 As soon as her husband was gone, she rose up and thought to stand, 
 but alas ! she could not, and in her despair, she wept, until the neighbours 
 wondered. Now, two days after, she sat in her kitchen, trying to boil 
 some fish and sour soup for her husband's mother, who lay sick, when 
 again the voice said, " Thy going is given thee, go and meet thy 
 husband." Which doing, he was amazed, and affrighted, and said, 
 " Thou art not she," thinking it were a spirit, and retreated before her, 
 until she clasped her hands about his neck. In the meantime, there 
 entered her daughter, bearing a candle, and stood speechless, not know- 
 ing what this should mean. Upon which, her husband cried, " Is this 
 thy mother?" "Yea, father," she faltered. He, with much doubting, 
 stretched out his hand, saying, " If thou beest my wife, I give thee my 
 hand in God's name." 
 
 " Whosoever desires further satisfaction herein, may have the account 
 from her own mouth, as long as it please God she lives." 
 
 This extraordinary story recalls the visions of Mrs. Jane Lead (1623- 
 1704), who has been called the last of the English visionaries, and who
 
 36 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 was the author of many mystical treatises, and the founder of the Society 
 of Philadelphians. Her remarkable life and death, at the age of eighty- 
 one, having been blind for many years, are related in the letters of her 
 son-in-law, the learned Dr. Francis Lee, and may be studied with great 
 advantage, in a sympathetic article by Canon R. 0. Jenkins (British 
 Quarterly, July, 1873, pp. 181-7), by any one interested in the history of 
 Mysticism. 
 
 68. A Dutch translation of No. 40. 
 
 69. Copy of an Epistle, from William Dewsbury, given 
 forth the 22nd of 3rd Month (May), 1657, in Kent ; also of 
 a short note of counsel from him, dated Warwick, 5th of 3rd 
 Mo. (May), 1671. 
 
 WILLIAM DEWSBURY, one of the earliest followers of Fox, was born 
 at Allerthorpe, Yorks, in 1621. He was apprenticed to a cloth weaver, 
 and afterwards joined the parliamentary army. He was imprisoned 
 altogether nineteen years, at York, Derby, Northampton, Newgate, and 
 Warwick, in which place, he was, for the third time, imprisoned from 
 1678, until the general proclamation of James II., 1685. He died 17th 
 June, 1688. 
 
 70. A long, and exquisitely written letter, in Dutch, from 
 Elizabeth Hendricks to Crisp, no date. 
 
 ELIZABETH HENDRICKS travelled about preaching. She wrote an 
 " Epistle to Friends in England," published at Amsterdam, 1672, and 
 others in Dutch. In 1677 she and Gertrude Dericks, afterwards Crisp, 
 visited the Princess Elizabeth, and the Labadists at Herford. Some 
 account of this remarkable sect, and its founder, Jean de Labadie, is to 
 be found in an account of the Princess by the editor, British Friend, 
 July, 1890. 
 
 71. Copy of a letter from Dorothy Hutchinson, formerly 
 Storr (see No. 31), to her husband, in Maryland, dated Owst- 
 wicke, East Rid., Yorks., 26th of 3rd Mo. (May), 1680. 
 
 This letter, which shows us a wife of strict integrity and brave spirit, 
 reasoning with a vain, spendthrift, and insolvent husband, who in pur- 
 suance of his " airy shadows " has set sail for the West, leaving his wife 
 and three children in the depths of poverty, increased by her rigid care 
 to repay their creditors, is printed at length in Collectitice, W. 
 Alexander & Sons, York, 1824, p. 245..
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 37 
 
 72. Letter from Joseph Campagne, a French Protestant 
 refugee, to Crisp, no date. 
 
 He has received, from one of the brethren, a discourse written by Crisp 
 for the comfort and instruction of the French refugees, and proceeds to 
 criticise the same. Quotes Pagans and Christians in support of the 
 theory of the light of conscience. Solomon, though of such an amorous 
 temper that he became a slave to his wives, is a notable example of the 
 result of a good education and breeding. Self-interest is the power that 
 has seduced half the French Protestants into popery, it keeps bishops, 
 priests, and monks in the false worship of the Romish Church, and per- 
 haps 'tis that which hinders the Reformed Doctors from joining this 
 Society whose ministry is performed gratis. Salmeron, and Maldonat, 
 the Jesuits, affirm that either the gospel, or pomp, luxury, and wealth 
 must be thrown off, because the gospel bids the distribution of super- 
 fluous estates to the poor. Therefore let all Christian Societies have all 
 things common among them, like the first believers. Fourthly, with 
 the remarks concerning the imprudence of such as give themselves to 
 be governed by pastors and teachers he has much accord, and indeed is 
 so drawn towards the Society of which Crisp is a member, that he would 
 be directed to some of the brethren in London who ma\ take care of 
 him. Address him at Mr. Boucher's in Grafton Street. 
 
 The discourse above alluded to is : " Charitable advice : by way of 
 letter to the French Protestants, into what parts of the world soever dis- 
 persed by reason of their present sufferings and persecutions from the 
 hands of the Roman Catholics," London, 1688. First written in French, 
 one edition printed " chez Jacob Claus, Marchand Libraire, dans le Prince- 
 straat, Amst., 1688." 
 
 73. An address to the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common 
 Council of Harwich, dated from Harwich Common Gaol, 
 the 27th of 12th Mo., 1661 (Feb., 1662), signed by Edward 
 Boyce, Will. Mar[tin], Mary Vanderwall, and Steven Crisp, 
 shewing the injustice, and inexpediency, of the harsh treat- 
 ment they have received. 
 
 The charter of the town is endangered by any unjust or illegal pro- 
 ceedings taken by the magistrates under cover of it. In saying that 
 their meetings are illegal, the Council doth exceed its province, seeing it 
 yet remaineth a question in Parliament whether they shall be tolerated 
 or nay, and for them to suppress a meeting before Parliament hath 
 determined it, will be looked upon as a bold intrusion, and will tend to 
 their dishonour. Sir John Shaw hath said in Colchester (where 
 meetings are sometimes very large), that they may be held until 
 prohibited by Parliament, which there is just cause to believe will 
 never be, they having the word of a king for it. 
 
 74. Extract from Foxe's Acts and Monuments. Vol. ii. 
 p. 417. 
 
 * Spanish Jesuits, born 1515 and 1534, authors of many works.
 
 38 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 75. See 19. Jan Glaus. 
 
 76. A Brief e Journall of my Travells into Germany, from 
 Amsterdam, begun the 6th of the 4th Mo., called June, 1669, 
 signed S. Crisp (the mark for a city thus, A) . 
 
 With Glaus, his interpreter, and others, Crisp travelled to Utrecht, 
 Arnheim, Altenburgh, and by Shinkenshause (a great fort' belonging to 
 the States), and Cleves, to the house of Mary Ann Boome. Then 
 through Regensburg, and Mors, to Ordingen, where Ludovic, the Wacht- 
 meister, received them kindly. After visiting other places, they reached 
 Dusseldorf , where, it being the day called Whitsun Monday, the Papists 
 were carrying their breaden god in high procession, and they had like 
 to have been murdered for not doffing their hats ; yet their God de- 
 livered them, and they escaped to the great city of Collon [Cologne], 
 where they were again in danger, but embarked that night for Metz. 
 Next day they proceeded to Bonn, Lenz, and by Boppart, to St. Geweere 
 [St. Goar] . The following day to Bacharach, and Bingen, where the boat 
 was exchanged for a waggon, and they drove through Werstadt, a city 
 depopulated and spoiled in the German wars, to friends who dwell at 
 Griesheim, two hours from Worms, to their mutuall joy. From thence 
 they travelled to Heydelberg, to speak with the Prince Palatine about 
 the persecution raised against Friends, by which cattle and other goods, 
 largely exceeding in value the fine of four rix-dollars per head, were 
 taken from them. 
 
 77. Letter from Martin John to John G. M., dated Laub- 
 ground, 18th of 2nd Mo. (April), 1676. Endorsed " Martin 
 John, from Selicia, about R. L.'s visit." 
 
 Is glad Roger Longworth is safe home after his visit. His labours to 
 enforce on them silent meetings are unavailing. Although he held 
 several, people were only attracted by curiosity to see and hear one 
 from a far country. This Roger can not believe. Has entertained him 
 in another's house, and kept from him all he could not bear, because he 
 himself can both bear and forbear ; but neither he nor others will be 
 bound either to silent or vocal meetings, and they will stand in their 
 liberty. Sees there is not perfect agreement, since he has heard from 
 his correspondent that they love the works of Jacob Behme, whereas 
 Roger says though a candle was lighted in him at the beginning, yet he 
 hunted before the Lord ; and those who have Behme's books are puffed 
 up in their knowledge, and styled by him Behmists. Mark Shwaner 
 remains in Sittau. He has told him their people do not receive Roger's 
 customs and manners of worship, and no such meetings are to be set 
 up, but hopes the journey will do both of them good, perceiving a 
 godly people to be found in other countries, beside their own. Whilst 
 writing, he hears Mark Shwaner is in prison, and kept so close none can 
 come or speak to him. Every one of them, according to his measure, 
 seeks to find God in himself. True worship is done in spirit, bound 
 neither to place nor time. Wishes to be remembered to Roger and other 
 friends. 
 
 78. A paper in Dutch ; very ill written, no date or signa- 
 ture.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 39 
 
 79. " A dialogue between Buchanan, and Maitland, who 
 was King James's tutor, in his minority." 
 
 80. Extract from Velthuysen, on Superstition, p. 407. 
 LAMBERT Van VELTHUYSEN, a Dutch author, was born at Utrecht, 1622. 
 
 His De Idolatria et Superstitione, &c., was published Rotterdam, 
 1680. He died 1685. 
 
 81. A statement by Crisp, of the will of one Nicholas 
 Lemon, made in 1665, in favour of his wife and daughter, 
 and in default of her issue, to his son John. 
 
 " Nicholas Lemon, in 1665, made his will, gave lands to his wife for 
 life, and after her decease to Sara, his daughter, and ye heirs of her body, 
 and for default of issue, to his son John, and ye heirs of his body, and 
 for want of such issue of John, to his son Thomas, and his heirs. 
 The wife is dead, and Sara, the daughter, is dead, and John, being pos- 
 sest in 1673, levyed a fine to the use of him, his heirs, and assigns for 
 ever, and after dyes, and gives them to Margaret, his wife, for life, and 
 after to others. 
 
 Q. Whether John, soe possest, had power to levy a fine, and by vertue 
 thereof to dispose the estate. Memoranda. That after ye levying the fine, 
 John sold part of ye premisses thus given, and Thomas joyned with him 
 in ye sale, and received twenty pounds, which was charged upon ye land 
 payable to him by his father, and thereupon released John, his heirs, and 
 executors, his land, and tenements. 
 
 Q. Whether, after such release, Thomas can come in for ye lands 
 againe. 
 
 N.B. Thomas was about twenty-six yeeres old when ye fine was levied, 
 and it is five yeeres, and three quarters, since John dyed. 
 
 Q. Whether his right to plead against ye fine by ye limitation of ye 
 statute of fines be not expired. 
 
 Councillor Mott, please to looke over these writtings and give thy 
 opinion in writting, whether this bearer, Solomon Owis, husband of 
 Margrett, that was ye widow of John Lemon, have any cause to f eare ye 
 claime of Thomas Lemon, the premisses duly considered. 
 
 From thy friend, S. CRISP." 
 
 82. Copy of an Epistle from Fox, dated London, 9th of 
 4th Mo. (June), 1678. 
 
 84. The MSS. of Crisp's " Short History of a long travel 
 from Babylon to Bethel," written in November, 1691, pub- 
 lished Lond., 1711. 
 
 85. A statement of the case between Richard Barrington, 
 and Mary Painter, his wife, whose jointure consisted of three 
 houses, in the Liberty of Colchester, which in the siege, 1648, 
 were burned to the ground, signed John Mosyer.
 
 40 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 The following letter to Crisp is added : 
 
 " Sr, immediately on receipt of yo ra I went to Mr. Mosyer, who upon 
 perusall of yo r case, told me there were severall poynts of law therein, 
 which he could not well resolve without mature deliberation, and there- 
 upon ordered me to wait upon him this morning for his opinion, a coppy 
 whereof I have here sent you. Hee pesents his kind respects to you 
 and desires me to acquaint you that hee will doe all things which lyes 
 in his power to give you full satisfaction in this matter, and to that end, 
 after answere to ye queries, hath made severall others which he desires 
 to be satisfied in before he can give his oppinion soe fully, as to prescribe 
 a way for yo r security. I am sorry it should be yo r ill luck to meete 
 with such a beggarly knave, who hath neither conscience nor civillity, 
 but 'tis two common now-a-daies for such paltry ffellowes after they 
 have spent their owne estates, to endeavour to defeate honest men of 
 their just right, yet I doe not much doubt in this case of yo 18 , but that 
 he will be disappointed. Sr, yesterday I mett with Mr. Hayes at the 
 Parliam 4 house, who hath promised to gett me yo r other duplicate very 
 speedily. I have here inclosed sent you his Maj s speech. Mr. Seymour 
 was chosen speaker againe, but upon his request to his maty was dis- 
 missed. I heare Sir Tho. Meers* is chose in his roome, which with my 
 humble service to you is all at psent from Sr, yours to serve you, 
 
 NATH L UNWIN." 
 
 London, March 7th, 1678. 
 
 86 and 110. Letters from John Rous, to Crisp, dated Lon- 
 don, 1st of llth Mo., 1677 (Jan., 1678), and Barbadoes, 13th 
 of 3rd Mo. (May), 1679. 
 
 86. He has not forgotten about the widow Marywood's estate, that 
 she would sell in Essex. Has learned from her it is tithe free, and she will 
 sell it without the tithes of other estates which belong to her ; she 
 lodges at one Hilliers in Vere Street, in New Market, near Covent Gar- 
 den, where a letter may reach her. Has paid the 20s. to Willm. Brookes 
 that was behind for interest, and taken up the obligation as desired. 
 There is a mistake of 10 in the annuity, and a sum of 2 5s. lid., 
 which Thomas Yoakley received of John Bellers to pay on his account, 
 but did not. Altogether 13 5s. lid., which he will make up to the 
 first half-year's interest and pay Susan, if Crisp will accept of payment 
 through her, which may be a convenience to her. Desires to know his 
 mind when convenient, the letter to be directed to him at Francis 
 Bellers house in Philpot Lane. Sends love to Crisp's wife, Gertrude, 
 and friends. 
 
 110. Crisps letter, dated llth of 12th Mo. (Feb.), evidences 
 the care of a faithful friend towards him. He has endeavoured 
 to make as good an improvement of his time, in the discharge of 
 his duties, as he could. Has done better than many expected, but 
 has money in the hands of others, which he can not get in. It 
 now reaches the amount of 800, which may make it difficult 
 to call in the money he is obliged to Crisp for. He must desire 
 patience. Will Crisp be his intercessor that it may remain till next ninth 
 month year, or toward that time, when he may comply. In the mean- 
 
 * Sir Thomas Meers, Knight, sat for the city of Lincoln from 1661 to 1702.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 41 
 
 time, he hopes to clear all engagements, so that no other encumbrance is 
 on liis house, save that Crisp has. If, however, the money cannot be 
 longer dispensed with, he will write to John Bellers to pay. Cannot 
 tell what losses there may be through his money passing the seas. Crisp 
 knows the casualties and disappointments of all things, and he hopes 
 will procure time. Is sorry to hear of so many unsavoury things, the 
 like of the last two years has not happened in twenty before, the 
 mouths of the enemies of the truth are opened. Men brought up to 
 other trades can hardly hope to prosper when they go abroad, the 
 charges of factors are so high, and goods low. Factors grow rich and 
 get estates, while their principals are ruinated. Many ships from Ire- 
 land with beef have been in Barbadoes, but it has made less than it 
 cost, and the loss has been great. Friends are well, truth prospers, 
 there is frequent addition to the church, though the spirit rife in Eng- 
 land has power there. There is the lily among thorns as well as in 
 other places. His wife and children are well, they are about sending 
 their oldest girl to London. His love to Crisp, and Gertrude, whose 
 paper was read in several meetings, much to friends' satisfaction. 
 
 JOHN RODS was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel Rous, a wealthy planter 
 in Barbadoes. Both father and son joined the quakers. He frequently 
 corresponded with Mrs. Fell, before making her acquaintance in 
 1659, on his arrival from New England, where he had been imprisoned 
 for his opinions. He married, in March, 1661, Margaret, the eldest 
 daughter of Judge Thomas and Margaret Fell (afterwards Fox), and 
 settled at Kingston, Surrey, being in business in London as a West 
 India merchant. He became the family adviser of Mrs. Fell, and 
 assisted her during her many trials and imprisonments. John and 
 Margaret Rous had twelve children, eight of whom died young. He 
 was lost, with his ship, on his passage home from Barbadoes, during the 
 month of February, 1695. (Mrs. Webb's " Fells of Swarthmoor." 
 Lond. 1865.) 
 
 87. Letter from Crisp to John Swinton, dated Colchester, 
 25th of 4th Mo. (June), 1668. 
 
 Wishes, in much love, to deal with him concerning a word he heard him 
 publicly pronounce at Stebbing, concerning those that doe slight Friends, 
 or their testimony. Now how can he pronounce a war upon others, for 
 doing that which he has done himself, for in his paper from Newgate 
 the word " leaders " is three times mentioned, and it is Friends who are 
 accused and charged. If it is not his judgment now, why is it not 
 called in V If, as the writer hears, he maintains, that it was God's will to 
 publish it, and he waits for the same to suppress it, can he suppose that 
 the Lord's day and work is not certain V If he were as sensible as the 
 writer of the harm done thereby, words would not be sufficient to 
 obliterate what he has written. Such papers strengthen those of cor- 
 rupt minds, and it is for his good that the writer has put plainly some 
 part of what is upon him, committing him to the eternal which cannot 
 change. Mary Vanderwall, of Harwich, is with him, and sends her dear 
 love.
 
 42 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 On the back of this letter, a portion of one of Fox's Epistles 
 is copied by Crisp. 
 
 JOHN SWINTON, of Swinton, on the Borders of Scotland, was the great 
 great grandfather, on the maternal side, of Sir Walter Scott, see letter 
 from Sir Walter Scott in The Friends' Monthly Magazine, Bristol, 1830, 
 vol. i. p. 186. He was a man in high esteem with Cromwell, and great 
 in the management of affairs of Scotland. He held meetings with 
 Barclay, and was imprisoned for so doing. Unfortunately he fell into 
 great irregularity of conduct, and was for a time entirely separated 
 from the Society, though restored upon his repentance. He died at 
 Borthwick, 1679. (Jaffray's Diary, Lond., 1833.) 
 
 The VANDERWALLS of Harwich were a family of Dutch origin, who 
 intermarried with many of the English Friends. In a curious tract at 
 Sion College, " A Reply to Tho. Upsher's pretended answer to the 
 printed account of an occasional Conference between George- Keith and 
 Thomas Upsher, at Colchester, the 1st of January, 1700, by George 
 Keith," there is a history of a controversy between a Mr. Noah Raoul, 
 of Colchester, and Daniel Vanderwall, concerning the Rule of Faith. 
 
 88. Letter from D. Harper to Crisp, dated Arksey, West 
 Rid., Yorks, the 3rd of 6th Mo. (Aug.), 1661. 
 
 Though separated and far off from one another, Crisp is dear and 
 near to the writer, who would rejoice to have a line or two before he 
 goes into the north, which will be ere long. His love is much enlarged 
 towards Friends there, since their imprisonment, and his desire is to visit 
 them. His sister Jane dearly salutes Crisp. 
 
 89. Letter from Penn to Crisp, not dated, but written 
 f rom Worminghurst, not long before the 1st September, 1682. 
 (Clarkson's " Life of Penn," Lond., 1813. Vol. i., p. 328.) 
 
 His fellowship in the Gospel of Peace is more dear to him than all 
 the treasures of the world. They need not say much to each other, his 
 love at parting dwells with him. He has also his letter. There is 
 room for much work in that ground [Pennsylvania]. Does not believe 
 God's Providenc had run that way towards him, but that he had an 
 heavenly end and service in it. C. Taylor, J. Harrison, and others 
 salute him. His love is to Friends, especially in Holland, Colchester, 
 and London. This goes by his agent and kinsman [James Harrisson]. 
 His came yesterday by hand by J. Massy. 
 
 90. Letter from Joseph Fuce to Crisp, London, 30th of 
 1st Mo. (March), 1664. 
 
 e I am inclined to think this letter is addressed to the above, and not another 
 John Swinton, although I have as yet found no direct evidence that he was 
 ever in Essex, or imprisoned in Newgate. [Eix]
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 43 
 
 He has received the especial and efficacious lines of the 22nd of 1st 
 Mo, '64, and is glad to hear Crisp has been in the country [? Holland] 
 with Thomas Beale, which must have refreshed Friends there after 
 their long sufferings. Would much like to have seen J. Crook, and 
 testified against his paper and his deeds. Is sorry he should lodge at 
 the houses of some, rather than with others, sounder, though not so great 
 in the outward. Felt also a godly jealousy over Giles Barnardiston, by 
 his lodging at Michael J. and I. Peningtons. Concerning C. B., he has 
 not heard wherefore they removed him from St. Albans to the Tower, 
 but the common saying is it was for treasonable words. He hath not 
 behaved well since being at the Tower, hath borrowed money, and is 
 too shallow even to hide his deceit from his own party ; they speake of 
 his release shortly. 
 
 Crisp may have heard of the stir among the prentices last 7th, 1st, 
 and 2nd days [Saturday, Sunday, and Monday]. They rose about two 
 boys condemned to stand in the pillory, and be whipt in Cheapside, for 
 resisting their master, who, through cruelty, had provoked them. The 
 prentices pulled down the pillory. When the trained bands were raised 
 upon them, a new one was set up, and ,by armed force, the youths set 
 in it. Brown is counted the chief instigator in the business, and 
 the boys are desperately set against him. There is a stir about the 
 Triennial Bill, and something they say is done, but he has not learned 
 what, for he goes little abroad, by reason of weakness. The assizes at 
 Durham are not for two or three months ; there is a report of J. H. [John 
 Harwood] that he is like to go back to the Church of England, but H. N. 
 [Humphrey Norton] is, as formerly, a prisoner. The news concerning 
 J. P. [John Philley] in Germany is sad, and is further confirmed by a 
 copy of a letter from his interpreter, to Benjamin Furly ; to outward 
 appearance, he is like to suffer death. They must leave the thing to the 
 Lord, who can set the soul of the righteous in peace. Some words have 
 been lately spoken, as if the King had presented a Bill to Parliament 
 against meetings, but little certain is known. Thinks next week to go 
 into the country, southwards, to repair his health. The sessions are to 
 be at Yarmouth, the 6th of 2nd month ; has endeavoured much for 
 Will, and the other Friends enlargement, and the liberty they did have 
 was through a lords letter to the bailiffs. 
 
 JOSEPH FUCE was a native of Surrey. As a young man, he entered the 
 parliamentary army, and was serving as an ensign, at Lynn, when Fox 
 visited that place in 1655. (Journal, ed. 1765, p, 143.) After joining 
 Friends he travelled in the southern counties, and was often in prison. 
 Once, being arrested at a meeting by order of the mayor of Arundel, he 
 was sent to Portsmouth, to be shipped for Jamaica with convicts, but 
 being neither charged, nor convicted, of any crime, he was released. 
 He was afterwards imprisoned in Sandown, and Dover castles, and in 
 Ipswich jail, and the White Lion prison, Southwark. He died at Kingston 
 on the 9th of October, 1669. (Barclay's Letters, Lond., 1841, Ellis 
 Hookes to George Fox, LXIII. p. 168.) 
 
 GILES BARNARDISTON, mentioned in the above letter, was born at 
 Clare, Suffolk, in 1624, a member of the ancient family of Barnard-
 
 44 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 iston of that county. He received an excellent education, and pro- 
 ceeded to Cambridge, where he graduated in due course, and prepared 
 to enter the church, but on a living being presented to him, he became 
 " conscious of wanting that internal purity and spiritual wisdom which 
 he conceived essential qualifications for gospel ministers." (Gough, 
 vol ii. p. 549.) Upon the commencement of the civil war, Giles Bar- 
 nardiston received a commission as Colonel in the army, which, however, 
 he soon resigned, and retired to Wormingford Lodge, Essex, where he 
 devoted himself to a life of pious seeking. About 1661, feeling curious 
 about the quakers, he invited George Fox, junior, then in Colchester, 
 and George Weatherly, of Colchester, whom Crisp calls his cousin, to 
 his house. The meeting resulted in Barnardiston joining the quakers, 
 who were at that time undergoing violent persecutions, in Colchester 
 and elsewhere. Of this the new convert received his full share. Besse 
 (vol. i. p. 200) records that he " willingly bore his part of this storm of 
 persecution, in the hottest of which he constantly attended religious 
 meetings, and undauntedly hazarded his life for his testimony." 
 
 In 1669 he went back to his birthplace, Clare, to live, and the follow- 
 ing year was severely distrained upon under a warrant granted by 
 Gervas Elways, a magistrate, for meeting in defiance of the Conventicle 
 Act. He became a minister in the Society, and travelled for the gospel 
 throughout England and Holland. 
 
 Returning from London he was taken ill at Chelmsford, and died 
 there the llth January, 1681, aged about fifty-six. 
 
 91. Sarah Warner's dreams, 1st of 9th Mo. (Nov.), 1684. 
 
 She fell asleep and dreamed she was in an alehouse, where were 
 twelve men, for whom she was dressing meat. Was concerned 
 to find herself there, but concluded she was lent to help them. So 
 she awoke, and sleeping soon after, dreamed she went to the same 
 house as a visitor, it being London, and she about her trade. The 
 house, she reckoned, stood at the corner of Houndsditch. Great 
 was her fright to find the men all lying, not dead, but bleeding, 
 round about the door, soldiers on guard behind, and a boisterous man 
 who met her, saying no citizen could go in or out. She stood in terror, 
 not being able to put a foot to the ground, for the bodies of men. 
 Porters and carmen came to open the gates, but their enemies took their 
 things to arm themselves with. She thought to get from gate to gate, 
 and so at last out of the city, but a voice said, " All the gates are shut, 
 there is no deliverance." As she passed on in terror, there was no man 
 citizen to be seen, but all were hid in their houses, while the women, 
 with faces white as dead corpses, wrung their hands, and cried, " We 
 are all undone." Then she cried to the Lord, but his face was hid 
 from her. As she walked on through this miserable city, she could not 
 see one quaker ; all, save herself, in this doomed city were in a place of
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 45 
 
 safety. At length she reached Cheapside, and when she looked for the 
 stocks market, behold, all the stalls were flung down, the herbs and 
 fruits trodden under foot, and the women at the stalls were all like 
 dead corpses. Then, she argued to herself, these people slay no 
 women, yet as she spoke, she saw one take a little boy out of his 
 mother's arms, and slay them both together. At this, her terror reached 
 its height, and she awoke, with a prophetic sense that she would one 
 day see these things really acted, and find herself forsaken of the Lord. 
 
 Three months after, she dreamed again that she was at a great 
 meeting, where were many Friends, and some of the ministry, when 
 the officers came and took her away. She was brought to trial, and for 
 not yielding to their will, committed to prison until the day of execution. 
 Multitudes came to see her die, her mother, Aunt Tiler, sister, and 
 Justice Fox. The crowd was troubled that she should die, and begged 
 Justice Fox to save her life, as he had previously showed her kindness, 
 but he sternly replied he must see her dead before he left the place. 
 The executioner stood at her right hand, her relations at her left. She 
 spoke much to the people, but what she said passed out of her mind. 
 She was unwilling to die, could she have lived clear in the sight of 
 God, but she saw no way unless she promised to forsake the truth. She 
 chose death rather, and cheerfully went to put off her linen, to give to 
 her relations, each of them some. The executioner became importunate 
 to know if she was ready, but being loath to die, she delayed him, still 
 hoping to be at the last spared. At last she was made willing, and 
 turning to her weeping sister, bade her be faithful, and so bidding 
 farewell to all, looked to the executioner, who placed the halter about 
 her neck. 
 
 Slowly the pains of death overcame her, and as she waked, she knew 
 her life had ebbed away. 
 
 Oft-times she is considering what the meaning of these dreams should 
 be, and is ready to believe they are sent for a warning that she should 
 be in readiness against the testings which doe appear likely to come to 
 pass, on all professing the truth. Yet there is comfort to her in the 
 thought that, as she was forsaken in the former, so in the latter dream, 
 she was strengthened to stand faithful unto death. 
 
 92. Several pages of MSS. of books printed by Crisp, en- 
 dorsed by him as such. 
 
 93. See Furly. No 10. 
 
 94. Rough and much corrected copy, in G. Whitehead's 
 writing, of the answer to the appeal of Friends in Holland, 
 for advice as to giving notice of marriages, to the magistrates. 
 Addressed to Peter Hendricks, Jan Roelofs, B. Furly, and 
 Jan Glaus, dated London, 27th of 6th Mo. (Aug.), 1683, 
 and signed by George Fox, Alexander Parker, George 
 Whitehead, James Parke, Wm. Gibson, Thos. Robertson, 
 John Vaughton. 
 
 See Nos. 1, 10, and 83, which relate to the same subject.
 
 46 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 95. See Hendricks, No. 18. 
 
 96. An Epistle . . . concerning the decease of our 
 faithful brother George Fox, from our second day's morning 
 meeting in London the 26th of the llth Mo., 1690 (Feb., 
 1691), signed by twenty-one Friends, headed by Crisp. 
 Printed, 4 pp. fscap. fol. 
 
 97. Directions to collect matter for a General History of 
 the Entrance and Progress of Truth in this Age, by way of 
 annals. Broadside. 
 
 98. Letter from Crisp to John Philley, dated London, 
 23rd of 9th Mo. (Nov.), 1669. 
 
 If the weight of disservice he has done to truth, did rest upon him, he 
 would forbear the spirit that led him thereto. Is not his dreams and 
 falsehoods, whereby he has stopt the progress of truth in . Germany, 
 enough, but he must now scribble to the Duke of Buckingham. Leave 
 flattering and dissimulation, and mind to know his own spirit, for his 
 work stinks in the nostrils of them that have a true savour of truth 
 He has often been warned, now let him seek true judgment in himself 
 in which he would know the writer to be his friend. 
 
 JOHN PHILLEY was a schoolmaster at Dover, who was imprisoned there 
 in 1670, for teaching without a license from the Bishop. In 1662, with 
 William Moore, he visited Germany, and from thence went on to Austria 
 and Hungary, where they were for a long time imprisoned by the In- 
 quisition, and at last effected a most extraordinary escape, related in 
 " The Narrative of John Philley and William Moore," Friends' Library, 
 Vol. IV., Philadelphia, 1840, &c. 
 
 99. See Hendricks, No. 18. 
 
 100. See Bradford, No. 16. 
 
 101. Letter from John Whitehead to Crisp, from Lincolne 
 Castle, the 13th day of the 6th Mo. (Aug.), 1662. (John 
 Kendall's "Letters from I. Penington and Miscellaneous 
 Letters," London, 1769, p. 93.) 
 
 Surely a day is coming, when the tender lambs shall lie down in safety 
 in the virtue of endless love. Touching Friends in those parts, and the 
 county of York, he has not much to communicate, save that he was re- 
 leased out of that prison, by Judge Twisden, for about five weeks in all, 
 and had a good service, mostly in York, and Lincolnshire, but he also 
 touched upon the county of Durham. Left Friends more clean, fresh, 
 lively, and virtuous than he had known them since the first ingathering, 
 and to his comfort, he daily hears they continue so. They are but eight
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 47 
 
 prisoners, four for tithes, himself, and other three, because they cannot 
 swear. The judge refused to hear their case, though they were com- 
 mitted to the assize, he supposes lest they should have cleared themselves 
 from the manifold false assertions contained in the charge, so they are 
 committed till next sessions at Durham. Hears the rest of Friends are 
 released, and moderately fined, upon the New Act, at York, where eighty 
 were released and about fifty-five left in prison, some for tithes, and some 
 indited upon the New Act, but not tried. Three, to wit John Leavens, 
 Samuel Poole, and Cristopher Poole, the Judge (though in the rest of his 
 proceedings moderate) did run into a premunire, and gave sentence of 
 imprisonment for life, with loss of all their lands and goods. Many 
 meetings in Yorkshire have, since the general imprisonment, remained 
 undisturbed, among such Holdernees and Hull. Marmaduke Storr, 
 his wife, and divers other Holderness Friends have been lately to visit 
 him, and desire their love. Also his dear wife, who is sick at present. His 
 heart is enlarged to all Friends that way, at Colchester, and at Coggeshall, 
 salute them as there is opportunity. Received one letter from Crisp, when 
 in prison there before, forbore to answer, not knowing how to send. If 
 this comes to Crisps hand, let him know. A letter may be sent to 
 Richard Da vies in London, who can send to Lincoln every week, so shall 
 he be encouraged to write again. 
 
 JOHN WHITEHEAD was born at Owstwick in Holderness, East Riding 
 of Yorks, and afterwards lived at Bale, Lincolnshire. He seems to have 
 been an especial object of persecution from the priests and magistrates, 
 and was continually in prison at Lincoln, Hull, Spalding, and Newgate, 
 for holding meetings, and preaching. He was a copious writer, and his 
 collected works were published, London, 1704, 8vo. He died 29th Sep- 
 tember, 1696, at his house at Fiskerton, Lincoln, and was buried in the 
 Friends' Cemetery, at Lincoln. (Smith's Catalogue, and Chalkley's Life 
 of J.W., London, 1852, 12mo.) 
 
 102. See Rofe, No. 49. 
 
 103. A letter dated London, 30th of 3rd Mo. (May), 1683, 
 signed by Geo. Fox, James Parke, Robert Lodge, Leonard 
 Fell, and Steven Crisp, to two Friends, not named, offering 
 advice on the marriage of cousins. 
 
 104. See Furly, No. 10. 
 
 105. See Lodge, No. 26. 
 
 106. The award of Steven Crisp, of Colchester, between 
 Henry Halls, of Shotsham, and Elizabeth Halls, of Saxling- 
 ham, both in the county of Norfolk, dated this fifth day of 
 the sixth Month, called August, 1669.
 
 48 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 107. Letter from Josiah Coale to Crisp, dated " neare Gil- 
 ford in Sury, this 12th of 9th Mo. [Nov.], 1664." 
 
 Most dearly salutes Crisp, his wife, and the rest of the faithful in that 
 place [Colchester]. Truly Crisps share is larger than many, to bear the 
 burdens of the weak, and sometimes of the wicked also, and of false 
 brethren, which is the worst of all. May they both, by the power 
 working in their hearts, rule and reign over the world. Is now upon a 
 journey to Cornwall, to visit Friends as he is led. Things are quiet in 
 those parts [Surrey], and Truth prosperous. 
 
 JOSIAH COALE was a native of Winterbourne, near Bristol, and was there 
 convinced by the preaching of John Audland, about 1855. He travelled 
 much in England, Holland, and the Low Countries with Crisp, as well 
 as in Barbadoes and Virginia, where he visited the Indians. He was 
 more than once imprisoned, and finally banished from Maryland. He 
 wrote, while in gaol at Launceston, Cornwall, 1664, " The Whore un- 
 vailed, or the Mystery of the Church of Rome explained," published 1667, 
 and other Tracts and Epistles, published collectively, London (?), 1671, 
 4to. He also wrote a reply to the famous Ludovic Muggleton. Crisp 
 was with him when he died, aged thirty-five, in the year 1668. 
 
 108. An account of the Estate in Friends' hands, ex- 
 amined and placed in a book, by Thomas Bayles, John Furly, 
 the elder, and Peter Langley. 
 
 " Here followeth an account of the estate in Friends hands ; both of 
 the Meeting Houses and grounds and yards for Buriall places, and other 
 houses ; how they came into their hands, to witt by gifts and purchases, 
 and of the severall buildings erected at their cost. As also the several! 
 settlements, the names of the Trustees, and their perticuler services : 
 also other of the solemn promises and agreements of the Trustees, with 
 their Friends and Brethren, to performe and discharge according to the 
 trust committed unto them ; which is done that those Friends which 
 shall have occasion to looke them over, may do it more readily, than as 
 they stand recorded in the booke of Friends, in parts and pieces in 
 seaverall places. 
 
 " The trust committed to the Trustees was to secure the estate and 
 titles, against the envy of informers and other evill minded men, which 
 in those daies, frequently lay in wait to make a prey of us and what we 
 had. . . Thus was and is this estate settled to remaine according to 
 the first settlement, to be an estate for ever, absolutely without any con- 
 dition, redemption, or revocation, and is left to Friends that shall after- 
 wards, through the grace of God, come into the fellowship with the 
 faithful in Christ Jesus, to take care and see it be preserved in the 
 service for which it was at first raised, which was for the benefit of 
 meetings, the buriall of the dead, and that the poor (whose the houses 
 of the Chappell are, as is shewd in this Booke in the account of that 
 estate, being bought with their money given unto them by the Charity 
 and free disposition of Loveing and faithfull Friends that are now de- 
 ceased), be distributed and paid unto them as at first was done every
 
 (From the painting cmiravcd by Francis Place.} 
 JAMES NAYLER.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 49 
 
 yeare (as appears by Solomon Freemantels Booke now resting and re- 
 maining with the writings of the said estate in Friends box), for the 
 relieving and comforting of honest poore men, women and children, that 
 were then with us, both aged and in necessity. 
 
 " It is to be remembered to posterity to be considered what occasion 
 there will be for trustees for the future, seeing that the government is 
 become friendly to us, whereby those informers laying in wait by the 
 statute of Mortmain to seize estates given to charitable uses without 
 License, are worne out. Or if it should be judged needfull to continue 
 them, then to be strict in the choice, and to put in a clause into the 
 Solemn promise and engagement that if any one or more of the Trustees 
 shall at any time deny the meetings, or not frequent them, or be de- 
 nyed by the said people called Quakers in Colchester, that henceforth 
 they shall cease from being Trustees, their names be razed out of the 
 booke, and the mens meeting forthwith nominate and chuse others in 
 their stead, as if they or he were actually dead." 
 
 1st. The graveyard in Moor Elms Lane, in Buttolphs Parish, the gift 
 of Thomas Bayles, under date 20th of 12th Mo., 1659 (Feb., 1660). 
 Solomon Freemantle, and Steven Crisp, the two surviving trustees, 
 settled it upon six others, by deed bearing date the 24th of 1st Mo., 1686. 
 2nd. The graveyard in Almshouse Lane, in Nicholas Parish, bought of 
 Ann Stammage, and settled upon trustees 16th of 5th Mo. (July), 1667. 
 
 3rd. The three tenements given by Thomas Brabrooke, in James Parish, 
 East St., Colchester, according to his will, dated 23rd of 8th Mo. (Oct.), 
 1669. 4th. The great Meeting House in Martins Lane, purchased of 
 Thomas Bayles, and by a deed dated 16th of 12th Mo., 1671 (Feb., 
 1672), settled on trustees, of whom Benjamin Furly was one. 
 
 5th. The Chappell houses in St. Helens Lane, and grounds, part of 
 which is a burying place, purchased of Robert Torkington by Steven 
 Crisp, by appointment, under a deed dated 20th of April, 1683, for 
 405 7s. 6d. 
 
 This money was advanced by different Friends, among them 50 by 
 Steven Crisp, or his wife Gertrude, upon which during his life-time 50 
 shillings per year, was to be paid to Daniel Vanderwall. Upon part of 
 these premises abutting southwards, Gertrude Losvelt (second wife to 
 Steven Crisp) built four dwelling-houses, for widows of poor Friends 
 to live in. 
 
 Then follow the agreements of the trustees for the several grounds, 
 houses, and premises ; the clause of the will of Elizabeth Greene, 1666, 
 concerning her gift to poor friends ; the gift of Gyles Sayer, who died 
 in September, 1708, to poor friends ; and the names of those friends 
 empowered to grant burial notes. Among these occur those of Solomon 
 Freemantle, John Furly, Jun., and Steven Crisp. The burial ground in 
 Moor Lane was in use from 1676 to 1682, when that in Almshouse Lane, 
 St. Nicholas parish, was opened, but in the following year, instructions 
 were given to raise 100 for the purcliase of a new ground in the 
 Chappell yard. From 1685 all burials took place there. 
 
 The meeting-house in St. Helen's Lane liad a history of considerable 
 antiquity, its origin being, it is said, a foundation by St. Helen, the 
 mother of the Emperor Constantino. About 1076 it was rebuilt and 
 given to the monastery of St. John, but in the reign of Edward I, John 
 de Colchester founded a chantry in it. It is stated in Wright's " Essex,"
 
 50 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 ii. 312, that it was purchased by the Quakers in 1671, but from the above 
 document it appears it was not until twelve years later. In a document 
 preserved at Colchester, " St. Helen's Chapel, formerly demolished, in 
 the parish of St. Nicholas, is registered as a meeting-house for Quakers, 
 at the visitation of the Rev. William Beveridge, D.D., Archdeacon of 
 Colchester, dated 2nd of May, 1701." It continued to be thus used until 
 the acquisition of another house in 1801, when it was used for a public 
 library, and afterwards as a school for boys. 
 
 ^109. James Nayler, his Psalm of Thanksgiving, published 
 by him, after his fall, 1659. Broadside, printed and sold by 
 the assigns of J. Sowle, at the Bible, in George Yard, Lom- 
 bard Street, 1723. 
 
 The history of JAMES NAYLER, and his notorious trial, with its dispro- 
 portionate sentence, is too universally known to be more than outlined 
 here. His assumption of the person and character of the Messiah, to 
 early pictures of whom, it is said, he bore a facial resemblance, and his 
 strange rehearsal of Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, re-enacted 
 in the streets of Bristol, are known wherever quaker history is known. 
 These acts formed the culminating point of the wild extravagances 
 into which some of George Fox's early disciples were led, but with 
 which the severest critic cannot but dissociate Fox himself. 
 
 Born at Anderslow, in Yorkshire, the son of one " Goodman Nayler, 
 so called in the country," James Nayler grew up a pious husbandman. 
 He served eight or nine years in the parliamentary army, became a 
 quartermaster in Lambert's troop, and was a member of an Independent 
 church at Weedchurch. He married early, and settled at Wakefield, 
 to which town Fox came to preach in 1650. Nayler soon joined forces 
 with him, and the next year, while travelling together, they were arrested 
 for preaching at Walney Island, in Lancashire. Nayler was committed 
 to Appleby gaol, where he had for his fellow-prisoners Howgill and 
 Burrough. He remained in prison five months, and during the time, 
 wrote in his defence, " Truth cleared from Scandal," 1654, and many 
 other tracts. Shortly after being released, Nayler joined Howgill 
 and Burrough, who, by their preaching, were attracting the larger 
 part of the religious life of London. Nayler's ministry became 
 extremely popular. " Many from the Court went to hear him," Sir 
 Harry Vane, titled ladies, and officers of the army. His eloquence was 
 praised,and by the adulation offered, his mind temporarily lost its balance. 
 Up to that time, he had enjoyed the entire confidence of the Society,
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 51 
 
 who therefore became, in the eyes of the general public, inculpated in 
 acts which when analysed, resolved themselves into the temporary 
 insanity of Nayler, and the religious excitement of three women, and one 
 man. 
 
 The trial of Nayler took place before the House of Commons, from Dec. 
 5th, 1656. Thurloe, writing to Henry Cromwell, 16th Dec., says : 
 " The Parliament hath done nothing this ten days but dispute whether 
 James Nayler shall be put to death for blasphemy. They are much 
 divided in their opinions ; it is probable his life may be spared." The 
 motion was in fact lost by fourteen votes (96-82), and Nayler 's sentence, 
 crueller than death, was carried out in all its hideous details. 
 
 During his imprisonment, and after his release, Nayler manifested the 
 most unfeigned repentance for his former follies, and was restored to 
 unity with his Friends. His last " Testimony," delivered about two hours 
 before his death, a passage of great beauty, beginning " There is a 
 spirit which I feel, that delighteth to do no evil," shows a gentle, humble 
 spirit, in marked contrast to his former career, and is universally known. 
 He died at Holm, near King's Ripton, Huntingdonshire, in the end of 
 October, 1660, aged about fourty-four. 
 
 The illustration is from the portrait of Nayler, painted and engraved 
 by Francis Place (d. 1728), second to practise the art of mezzotinting in- 
 troduced into England by Prince Rupert. It was afterwards engraved 
 by Preston and Grave, both of whom accentuated its strongly marked 
 characteristics, which in the print published 1823, amount to positive 
 ugliness. 
 
 110. See Rons. No. 86. 
 
 111. Robert Barrow to Geo. Whitehead, and Crisp, ad- 
 dressed to the former, at his house, near Devonshire Square, 
 dated from Kingswell, 4 miles from Aberdeen, in Scotland, 
 the 15th of llth Month, 1691 (Jan., 1692). 
 
 He, with many more, is truly sensible of their daily concern in truths 
 affairs. Used formerly to write to G. Ff., who has finished his day in 
 heavenly renown. Writes now to them, believing they have a univer- 
 sall eye over all the churches in Europe and America. This is to tell 
 them he has visited Friends meetings throughout the most part of that 
 nation, and found them generally in good order. About Aberdeen, and 
 northwards of it, divers are of late convinced, the name of an English- 
 man is famous among them. Proposes to return south to Edinburgh, 
 thence to Glasgow, where the city rabble entertained him very kindly 
 last time, throwing dirt and stones. Since then, Robert Wardell, of 
 Sunderland, in Bishoprick i[See No. 122], and James Halliday of 
 Northumberland, were there, and haled out of their meeting house by
 
 52 STEVEN CEISP. 
 
 the officers, who put seventeen in prison, keeping some twelve days 
 without a mittimus. They also took the forms and seats, and will not 
 restore them ; the Provost saith they shall not meet there while he has 
 power to prevent. These things have been laid before the Kings 
 Council at Edinburgh (it having taken place last 9th Mo.) They are 
 the most rigidest sort of Presbyterians, called Cameronians, or mountain 
 men, and so hot and seared about their covenant that other parts of the 
 body of Scotland hold thorn in contempt. In all other places, the inhabi- 
 tants and soldiers are moderate towards Friends. Having opportunity to 
 send this by a friends son, who is going to be an apprentice, he further 
 lets them know he thinks of visiting Ireland, and will take shipping 
 from the west of Scotland. The lad, who is to goe to John Dawsons, 
 comes of good parents, his father being Andrew Jaffryes [Jaffray], the 
 most noted man among Friends, both in testimony, and in church care, 
 and government. Would like some oversight taken of him for his 
 parents sake. Gilbert Mollison brought the bargain to pass, and can 
 give further account of the matter. 
 
 Some portion of this letter is printed in JaflEray's " Diary," Lond., 1834, 
 p. 474. It is dated from Kingswell, the seat of Andrew Jaffray, Provost of 
 Aberdeen, one of the Scottish Commissioners to Charles II., and a 
 member of Cromwell's Parliament. Gilbert Molleson was a magistrate, 
 of Aberdeen, whose wife Margaret early joined the quakers. Their 
 daughter Christian became the wife of Barclay, the Apologist. 
 
 ROBERT BARROW was born in Lancashire. He was early convinced of 
 quakerism, and became a minister, travelling extensively in England, 
 Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. He was many times imprisoned. He 
 married Margaret Bisbrown, of Arnside. In 1694 he went to America, 
 and the West Indies, on a gospel visit, and in travelling from the latter 
 to Pennsylvania, he, with his companions, was shipwrecked in the Gulf 
 of Florida, and fell into the hands of Indians, by whom they were badly 
 treated, and stripped of their clothing. Barrow's age and infirmity were 
 unable to stand against the long and tedious journey to Pennsylvania. 
 Three days after arriving there he died, on 6th April, 1697, and was 
 buried in the cemetery at Philadelphia. (" God's Protecting Providence," 
 by Jonathan Dickenson, Philadelphia and London, 1700, 12mo, and many 
 subsequent editions.") 
 
 113. Letter from R. R. to Crisp. No date. 
 
 Old Chaucer, whose manuscript was shown to the writer by his 
 correspondent, gave them such an occasion of discourse upon language, 
 that he came away with the book under his arm, which gave him the 
 more time to peruse it. Finds he can understand it well, which at a 
 like distance of time, Polybius testifies the best antiquaries could not the 
 Latin. Three hundred years after the treaty between the Romans and 
 Carthaginians, the former could not read it by reason of the changes in 
 the language. That on the other side is writ in Latin, to be more em- 
 pliatical. He shewed it, twenty-four years ago, to Hammod, of New-
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 53 
 
 castle, commissioned by the Parliament to examine all ministers and 
 schoolmasters. At that time, the writer was master of a free school. 
 The verses are no conceit, but well digested. It does some good, but 
 also more hurt. Quere whether the common prayer, and professors 
 meetings do not likewise. If one of a thousand have a mind to travel 
 he should not allure g.g.g. to go along with him without cause. Dutch 
 may be sooner gained than Latin, and with more service ; also French, 
 Spanish, and Italian, in the time spent over it, yea, the substance of 
 most necessary learning. A treatise might be writ hereof. 
 
 The Latin verses, entitled De Etymologid Latind aborigine, cur a 
 latendo dicto follow. 
 
 114. Orders signed by Wiardi Huberts, D. Sec. for the 
 banishment of Cornells Andreas, his wife, Hester Jansen, 
 with other quakers, from the city of Embden, dated the 21st 
 July, and 4th August, 1674. 
 
 115. Copied extracts from Charles IX., Emanuel Demeirus, 
 the Archduke Methsias, Manor's Hist, fol., 1561, Johannem 
 Macronam, 1604, concerning peace in matters of religion. 
 
 116. Two numbers of The London Gazette, Mon. to 
 Thurs., Mar. 3rd, and Thurs. to Mon., Mar. 7th, 1686, con- 
 taining the King's Proclamation of Toleration to Presby- 
 terians, Quakers, Papists, and others, and the Deputy of 
 Ireland, Tyrconnell's, declaration of the same, as relating to 
 Ireland. 
 
 117. Paper of George Whitehead's (copy). 
 
 118. Ditto, headed " These disorders concerning mar- 
 riages, the Testimony of Truth stands against," signed G. W. 
 
 119. Unsigned letter to Crisp, dated Ennemessike (Mary- 
 land), 5th of 2nd Mo. (April), (16)64. 
 
 The writers soul is refreshed with the wine of the only vine. Crisps 
 salutation, sent by W. Harvard's maid, was received. Great conflicts, 
 within and without, have been endured since leaving England, amongst 
 relations bitter against the truth. Many Friends have been whipped in 
 New England, both before and since the writer was there, likewise in 
 Virginia, but in Maryland province, they have liberty yet. Direct to the 
 care of Thomas Thurston, or to Samuel Groome, master of a vessel, who 
 will deliver them safe. 
 
 120. Copy of an Epistle from the Quarterly Meeting held 
 at Colchester, 8th of 4th Mo. (June), 1691. 
 
 121. Preface to a book, commencing " Christian Reader,
 
 54 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 whereas in these latter days," and signed " A lover of thy 
 soul, whoever thou art, whether friend or enemy. S. C." * 
 
 122. Letter from Robert Wardell, to Crisp, with particu- 
 lars of Robt. Lodge, and John Burnyeat, deceased, dated 
 Sunderland, 1st of llth Mo., [16J90, (Jan., 1691), and ad- 
 dressed to Crisp, at Wm. Crouch's, in Crown Court, Grace- 
 church Street. 
 
 His first acquaintance with them was in Ireland, about the year 
 [16J57, at a meeting at Bellarbutt, in the county of Cavan. A 
 large body of soldiers, horse and foot, came to break it up, and drove 
 the Friends out of the town. Burnyeat and Lodge travelled many 
 weary steps, by day and night, on foot, for the settlement of meetings, 
 particularly a large one, at or near Moate, in the county of Meath. The 
 city of Londonderry did great despite to them. May more such faith- 
 ful labourers be raised. Many are the exercises of mind he has had 
 with dear Robt. Lodge. One vision in particular he relates, and describes 
 how he saw him sitting in a great meeting, watered with a heavenly 
 fountain. This, which he calls " A Lively Emblem," the writer saw, on 
 the night of the 16th of the 9th Mo. (Nov.), 1690. 
 
 JOHN BDRNYEAT was born at Crabtreebeck, in the parish of Lowes- 
 water, Cumberland, in the year 1632. " His parents were of good re- 
 pute, and his education was according to his parentage." He seems to 
 have had early religious impressions, and when he was about twenty, 
 George Fox came into Cumberland to preach, whereby, he says, he was 
 " directed unto the true light." After Fox had departed, Burnyeat and 
 some others, like minded, met of ten together, as "the Lord's messengers" 
 had exhorted them. Thus they established a congregation, who "wanted 
 [i.e., lacked] not a teacher, nor true divine instruction, though we had 
 left the hireling priests, and other high-flown notionists." Until 1657 
 he remained at home, " following his outward calling " and paying 
 occasional visits to those in prison for conscience. He then felt called 
 to go and testify openly against the priests, and their manner of con- 
 ducting worship for hire. After boldly, and with impunity, haranguing 
 Warwick of Aspatria, Fogoe of Lorton, and others, he was arrested, 
 when defending the Friends from an attack made upon them by "Priest 
 Denton" of Briggham. The people, he says, did beat him "with 
 their bibles and staves all along the house and out of the church yard," 
 when the priest commanded a constable to arrest him, and carry him 
 next day to Lancelot Fletcher, of Talantyre, who ordered a warrant to 
 be writ to convey him to Carlisle gaol. Here he remained twenty-three 
 
 I have not succeeded in finding this in print. ED.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 55 
 
 weeks. In October, 1658, Burnyeat set out for Scotland, where he 
 travelled for three months, going as far north as Aberdeen. In May, 
 1659, he sailed from Whitehaven for Ireland, and landed at Donagha- 
 dee in Ulster. Travelling on foot, he visited the whole of that province, 
 Dublin, Kilkenny, Munster, Wexford, Carlow, and Mountmellick. At 
 Lurgan, on his way north, he met Robert Lodge, a Yorkshireman, with 
 whom he afterwards spent many days. They united their forces, and 
 spent about twelve months labouring together, their mission chiefly 
 being to preach against " hireling priests." They were several times 
 imprisoned, in Armagh, Dublin, and Cork, and in September, 1660, 
 they sailed from Carrickfergus for England. 
 
 Burnyeat remained at " his outward calling " until September, 1660, 
 when he went up to London to acquaint George Fox and others of the 
 elders, with the " weight " that was upon him to go to America. In his 
 account, he says that he consulted with Fox, Burrough, and Hubberthorn, 
 for he " loved to have the counsel and countenance of his elder brethren." 
 Returning home through Yorkshire, he visited some Friends in prison 
 at Ripon, and here the Mayor and some of the Aldermen sought hard to 
 get him also imprisoned. Failing to obtain from him answers to the 
 questions, when last he was at church, or took the sacrament, the Mayor 
 reached for a book, and asked him to take the oath of allegiance and 
 supremacy. Burnyeat's reply "Not in contempt to the king or his 
 authority, but in obedience to Christ's command, I cannot swear," in- 
 furiated the Mayor,' who commanded the clerk to write a mittimus, and 
 committed him to prison. There he was kept fourteen weeks, and every 
 day he was a fresh and continual annoyance to the authorities. For just 
 beneath the prison windows was a bowling alley, where several of the 
 magistrates and others amused themselves at their games. Now since 
 the coming of John Burnyeat, he had, as he says, " exhorted and prayed 
 with the [prisoners] once every day," and the sound of these devout 
 quakers at their prayers, seemed entirely out of harmony with the shouts 
 of the players, and the rolling of the balls. They then procured his 
 separation from the other prisoners, and confined him in a little dark 
 dungeon, where he was at one time seven days and nights. As soon as 
 he was released, he returned to Cumberland, and remained at home, with 
 occasional visits into Yorkshire and Durham. 
 
 In the early part of the summer of 1664, Burnyeat crossed over to 
 
 * After a lapse of more than thirty yean, a mistake of two years is easily 
 excused on the part of the writer, who says above " about the year 1657.'
 
 65 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 Ireland, and in September, sailed from Galway for Barbadoes, arriving 
 there after a passage of seven weeks and two days. Three or four 
 months were spent by him in the island, where he found the influence 
 of John Perrot had caused many to drift away from the earlier tradi- 
 tions. He then proceeded to Maryland for the following summer, and 
 to Virginia for the winter, where he also found Perrot's influence strong. 
 He having persuaded the Friends that meeting together was a form, 
 they had abandoned their gatherings. 
 
 In June 1666, Burnyeat arrived at New York, and proceeded leisurely 
 through Rhode Island, New England, Sandwich, etc., to Boston. After 
 which he went to Long Island, and back again to Rhode Island, where 
 he stayed some time, " for there was no going off the Island unto the 
 main, in the winter, the snow was so deep." He spent the next summer 
 in Barbadoes, where he says he had " blessed and comfortable service 
 among Friends," and in September, 1667, he sailed for Bristol. The 
 length of the voyage is forcibly brought before us, when we read in his 
 journal : " After we had been ten weeks at the Sea, except one day or 
 two, being beat off the coast with an easterly storm, and kept out at sea 
 in a great tempest, for the most part of two weeks, at last we got into 
 Milford Haven, and there I landed, about the 29th of the 9th Month 
 (Nov.) 1667." John Burnyeat remained in Wales for some time, visiting 
 the meetings, and then went up to London, afterwards meeting George 
 Fox in Surrey. Continual visits to London, and all parts of England 
 and Ireland, occupied him until about July 1670, when he was again 
 " moved " to go to Barbadoes. His companion, William Simpson, after 
 reaching the Island, took fever, which was very prevalent there, and 
 died in six days. Burnyeat continued his service alone, and then pro- 
 ceeded to New York, Rhode Island, Maryland, and all the numerous places 
 he had before visited, in company with Daniel Gould, of Rhode Island. 
 To Virginia also he went, and urged upon the members there, the es- 
 tablishment of a " mens meeting," or meeting for business. Taking 
 boat again for Maryland, he appointed a meeting at West River for all 
 the Friends in the.province. George Fox, Robert Widders (or Withers) 
 and several other English Friends arrived from Barbadoes, and a very 
 large meeting was held, which lasted for several days. Burnyeat's 
 account of the succeeding travels through the woods, and to the Indian 
 settlements is extremely interesting, but too long to quote here. Burn- 
 yeat proceeded to Boston, where Priest Thatcher stirred up the magis- 
 trates, and some Friends were arrested, including John Stubbs and James 
 Lancaster, who were sent out of the country. At Hampton, not far from
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 57 
 
 Salem, the priest, Seaborn Cotton, also endeavoured to stir up persecution 
 against them. 
 
 On returning to Rhode Island, the Friends received a challenge from 
 Roger Williams, of Providence, with fourteen propositions to dispute. 
 Three days were spent in discussion, before a "large congregation,' 
 some account of which Burnyeat says " is printed in a book entituled, 
 A New England Fire-brand Quenched. 1679 [London 4to], to 
 which I refer the reader." William Edmondson was present at the 
 discussion. After this Burnyeat met with much opposition at Hartford, 
 in Connecticut, the elders of the churches being greatly alarmed lest 
 the young people should be converted. One of the elders, the landlord of 
 the inn, took away the candle that he might not see to read the 
 Scriptures. 
 
 Burnyeat returned to Ireland in May 1673, and travelled continuously 
 in that country, going afterwards to London, and then to the West of 
 England, and Wales. For preaching at Devonshire House, he was fined 
 20 by Sir Samuel Starling, Mayor, and a fortnight later, committed to 
 Newgate for the same cause. While travelling in^Vales, his mare, 
 saddle, and bridle, valued at 8, were taken from him, and he was left to 
 proceed on foot. He was also many times imprisoned in the Marshalsea 
 prison, Dublin. 
 
 John Burnyeat married an Irish Friend in 1683, and settled in Dublin, 
 Her name does not appear. She died in 1688, leaving one son. He 
 continued his incessant travels until only twelve days before his death, 
 when a sudden fever attacked him. He died in Dublin, llth Sept., 
 1690, in the fifty-ninth year of his age, and was buried at New Garden. 
 
 He seems to have been universally loved, and is described in the 
 " Testimonies," as of " innocent deportment and blameless conversation, 
 which preached wherever he came, moderate in meat, drink, and 
 apparel. And in all his Travels, into whose house he entred, he was 
 content with what things were set before him, were they never so mean ; 
 which was great satisfaction to many poor honest Friends among whom 
 his lot was cast." (" The Truth exalted in the Writings of that eminent 
 and faithful servant of Christ, John Burnyeat, collected into this 
 ensuing volume, as a Memorial to his faithful labours in and for the 
 Truth." London, 1691.) 
 
 123. An Epistle from the meeting of men Friends in Col- 
 chester, 4th of 12th Mo., 1694 (Feb., 1695). 
 
 124 and 127. Letters from John Hallaway to Crisp, dated 
 the 7th of 10th Mo. (Dec.), and 6th of 12th Mo. (Feb.), 1666. 
 
 It is seven years since his heart was set to seek the Lord, and seeing 
 Friends in the street, he would willingly have had fellowship with them, 
 but dared not to speak. After a time came to the meeting. G. W [hite- 
 head] was there, it was five years before. Also went to a meeting held 
 by T. G. at Boxstead. Relates various visions. In the 2nd Tetter, 
 mentions one in which he saw John Rofe in East Street [Colchester], 
 and immediately began digging a grave for him, he having heard that 
 this Friend and G. E. were both taken with " the sickness." 
 
 * Seaborn Cotton was son of John Cotton (1585-1632), one of the first ministers 
 at Boston.
 
 58 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 125. A paper of George Fox's (copy). 
 
 126. Letter from Robert Morff e to Crisp, dated Colchester, 
 26th of 4th Mo. (June), 1686. 
 
 It has been often his mind to shew certain loose papers, and ask 
 Crisps counsel, as a father in the truth. Cannot put it up any longer, 
 but must bring it forth. Keep them secret until they speak together 
 Tis no vain-glorious conceit to teach others, who needs to be taught him- 
 self, but it grieves him to see the blind lead the blind, and, like the 
 Samaritans, worship they know not what. Desires only to leave the 
 manuscript to his children, being not perfected, but a rough draught, 
 wherein he stammers as a child, and cannot express in words what he in- 
 wardly conceives, but presses forward, for in the light shall they see 
 light. 
 
 128. see Hendricks, No. 18. 
 
 129. Letterlrom Lewis Morris to Crisp, dated Barbadoes, the 
 18th of 12th Mo. 1670 (Feb., 1671), and addressed " to be left 
 with Win. Crouch, upholder!, at Devonshire House without 
 Bishopps Gate, London." 
 
 Received Crisps by the hand of John Eous, from Hambarrow [Ham- 
 burgh]. It was read at the mens meeting, where John Burnyeat and 
 William Simson were present. The latter is lately departed out of the 
 body. Since his coming from England, has visited the western parts of 
 New England, where are many Friends, who are refreshed by messen- 
 gers of the Lord. Those whose building is on the Rock of Ages, need not 
 fear the storm that's coming. Love to William Crouch and his wife, 
 at whose house he hopes this may find his friend. 
 
 130. Letter from Katherine Johnson to Crisp, no date or 
 place, probably sent by hand. 
 
 Is planted in a vineyard, among tender plants, the waters of Shiloh 
 make glad her heart. Hopes to hear from Crisp. Richard Birds and 
 his wif es love to him. 
 
 131 and 132. see Claus, No. 19. 
 
 133. Letter from John Higgins to Crisp,dated Amster- 
 dam, 20th of 9th Mo. (Nov.), 1663. 
 
 His heart is open to his friend, and to all fellow prisoners suffering 
 with him. The glory of nations and kingdoms is not to be paralleled 
 with the lot of their inheritance. The opportunity of going to Holland 
 presented itself to him in London. He safely reached Rotterdam, where 
 he stayed three weeks, and thence went to Leyden, and had a meeting 
 with Friends. Many enquire for Crisp, probably Peter [ Hendricks] 
 and himself will translate a piece of his letter into Dutch for them 
 
 * The enclosure does not appear, f Upholsterer.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 59 
 
 Has seen John Coghen once at his fathers house. Adrian [Losevelt] 
 is as he was, they have left the Vish-steege, and taken a house about 
 five or six hundred guilders a year rent. Annekin is now alone with her 
 maids, William [Catonjs imprisonment she takes pretty patiently. 
 Peter [Hendricks], Cornelius [Roeloffs], and Judith [Zinspenning] all 
 send their love. The Friends are all well, though the sickness called the 
 plague is much at Amsterdam. Love to Crisps wife, John Furly, T. 
 Bayles, G. Witherly, G[iles] Barnardiston, William and Mary Havens, 
 Solomon [Freemantel] and his wife, and her father and mother, Giles 
 Toyspell, and the rest of good friends. 
 
 134 142. Nine letters from Win. Caton to Crisp. 
 
 138. Amsterdam, 27th of 3rd Mo. (May), 1662. 
 
 Has been to Moort, Rotterdam, Leyden, and Haarlem. A declining spirit 
 seems upon Friends in these places. At Rotterdam, only three men at Meet- 
 ing besides Benjamin [Furly], wife and maid. Furly was very busie, hav- 
 ing bought a house and fine large garden outside the Poorts. At Leyden 
 a man named Hartigfelt, whose estate was worth tons of gold, objected 
 to his having full libertie, but afterwards came to their house in 
 Amsterdam, where they had a gallant opportunity together. He is very 
 self-denying, and a giver of thousands in a year to the poor. He con- 
 fessed himself mistaken. John Coghen is gone again to drink of that 
 bad fountain, the University, to become a doctor. Gertie has been in child- 
 bed, but is come up again, her husband is in a bad way. Her love and Anne- 
 kins, Cornelius, and Peters. Part of the money owing him from Mendle- 
 sham is paid. When the rest comes, Steven is to repay John Furly ; though 
 it might have been charged to the public fund, he will feel freer to pay 
 it. Why burden the public, seeing he is able. It was 10s. disbursed 
 for letters. Judiths son [Sewel the historian] lives with his uncle (a 
 Friend), and learns Latin. He is apt in his learning, but childish in 
 other things. For several mornings there hath been seen a comet star, not 
 much inferior to that seen in the winter. It appears about three and four 
 in the morning. Judgments are threatened to Holland. Their fleet is 
 not yet out, or ready. Many on the men-of-war go by constraint, not 
 willingly. Remember him to Crisps wife, Ann Furly and her family, 
 to Friends at Coggeshall, Mary Vanderwall, and others at Harwich, and 
 especially to J. Crooke, if he is still prisoner at Ipswich. Might also 
 name Robert Duncon and wife, Sarah and her husband. 
 
 JOHN CROOK (1617 1699), was a justice of the peace, and knight of 
 the shire for Bedfordshire. He joined Friends in 1654, and the next 
 year, entertained on his estate near Luton, a large number of the gentry, 
 who came to hear George Fox. A General Meeting, at which " several 
 thousands were present," was held there in 1657. (Fox's " Journal," 
 p. 266, ed. 1765). His arguments against the legality of his imprison- 
 ments show him possessed of much legal knowledge. His numerous 
 writings are of sound literary merit. He died at Hertford, and was 
 buried at Sewel, in Bedfordshire. 
 
 * Gates.
 
 60 STEVEN CBISP. 
 
 140. Amsterdam, 9th of llth Mo. (Jan., 1663). 
 
 Friends are glad to hear of his determination to go over; will be gladder 
 when they see him. All is well in Amsterdam. His wifes love, though 
 outwardly unknown. Their sister Gertrude, and her husband, send their 
 love. 
 
 136. London, 7th of 12th Mo. (Feb., 1663.) 
 
 Joseph Fuce and the writer purpose going that day to Surrey, and 
 so into Sussex. Many in prison have been sick, several have died 
 since their release. Edward Burr[ough] and Samuel Fisher are likely to 
 be continued, notwithstanding the King's order for their release, probably 
 through Browns* instigation. Is sorry he had not the letters Steven de- 
 tained for him. Has had none from H. Smith. His judgment is for 
 Steven to go shortly to Holland. 
 
 137. Yarmouth, 10th of 12th Mo. (Feb., 1664.) 
 
 Crisp and his fellow prisoners have been often in his remembrance 
 since their confinement. Though little exercised in bonds, yet he has 
 had his share of suffering. Has heard often from his dear wife, whose 
 strength and patience under their present trial [separation], have made 
 it something easier to him. Knows not how a woman could more refresh 
 her husband, at such a distance, than she has him. Gertry [her sister, 
 afterwards Mrs. Crisp] writes of her husbands reformation. His fellow 
 prisoners love to Crisp and all his fellow prisoners. They are exceeding 
 diligent, and are most of them become good spinners. 
 
 135. Altmore, 19th of 3rd Mo. (May), 1664. 
 
 They will be glad to hear of his return to Holland two weeks before. 
 Has that day, with Eliz. Cox [who adds a postscript to the letter], held 
 a good meeting. Is going to Haarlem and Leyden. His wife is enjoying 
 of him after that she had even given up hope of seeing his face again. 
 That very day that she had given up hope, was he brought unexpectedly 
 into her house at night, to the gladdening of her heart. John Coghen is 
 weak in body, but preserves his integrity. The sickness increases, and 
 two or three biers may be seen before the door of one house. Judith 
 [Zinspenning]s love. Annekin received a letter from Crisp lately, but un- 
 derstood Edward Feedham, who brought it, was returning the day it came, 
 so commissions him to answer. They were glad to hear the fury of those 
 violent soldiers was mitigated that they did no further harm, also that 
 John Furly was likely to have more liberty, being removed. His love to 
 Giles Cock. If certain are still in prison when Crisp writes to Ipswich, 
 salute them dearly, also Mary Vanderwall, and all at Harwich, Giles 
 Barnardiston, Thomas Bayles, George Weatherlyf,and the rest of Friends 
 in bonds. William Tick and his wife, who lived with them, have gone 
 to Barbadoes intending for Virginia, have met with much hardship. Has 
 heard something of George Rof e being drowned. If Crisp has heard the 
 like, let them know. 
 
 141. Amsterdam, 1st of 5th Mo. (July), 1664. 
 
 * Sir Richard Brown (1605-1683), Clerk of the Council to Charles II. 
 t Crisp's cousin, see his will, App. A.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 61 
 
 Dearly salutes Crisp and his fellow prisoners. Received his large and 
 acceptable letter, and has translated passages out of it and others, for the 
 benefit of Friends. Has talked with some of their choicest professors 
 about all kneeling when one prays ; the letters had the efEect of exciting 
 the tenderness of the wise in heart. The sickness increases, a hundred 
 more have died that week than in one week before. John Coghen is better, 
 and is going to Rotterdam to study with Isaac Furnerius to be a doctor. 
 It will not profit him much. Has enquired about the reprinting of the Act ; 
 cannot hear of its having been printed in Holland, at any rate, nut in Amster- 
 dam. Has had a book sent from Maryland, of George Rofes, with 
 confirmation of his being drowned in a small boat in a storm. One of 
 the brethren from Hungary has been at his house that day, and gives a 
 sad relation of the misery in his country by reason of the war, and 
 the barbarity of the Tartarians, who are worse than the Turks. The 
 country where the Emperor hath kept his seat is mostly overcome by 
 them, and it is thought that he and his nobles will be forced to flee. 
 Gertie had intended being with him when he wrote, but she is bowed 
 down with the weight of that which unavoidably comes upon her by 
 reason of her husband, who is as he was. Love to John Furly, and 
 desires John Furly, junior, to let him know what he paid for postage of 
 letters to Yarmouth. Judiths and Peters love. Cornelius [Roelofjs 
 children have small pox. Let Edward Plumstead, jun., know that he 
 has received his letter, and delivered the other to J.C. As for the en- 
 closed of Judithsf, if Crisp learn but to understand it, he will for the 
 future understand Dutch letters the better. Love to all Friends in and 
 out of prison. 
 
 134. Amsterdam, llth of 9th Mo. (Nov.), 1664. 
 
 It is so long since Crisp was heard of, that his friends are anxious. 
 Bonds and afflictions attend them all, and Friends in Holland are very 
 sensible of the sufferings and trials of those in England. Has been with 
 Barent Roelof s in Friesland. The old man was taken sick, and they re- 
 turned the sooner. Friends at Altmore, and Leyden are pretty well, at 
 Rotterdam they are scattered. The sickness has abated, last week under 
 400 died, a thousand has been the usual number. There seems a likeli- 
 hood of ware between Holland and England. Thanks John Crooke, and 
 Mary Vanderwall for their letters, and replies by this. Greets also 
 Robert Duncon and wife, all at Harwich, and at Colchester. Since 
 writing the letter, he has heard from Benjamin Furly, by which 
 he understands Edward Feedham is come to Rotterdam. Wonders not 
 to have heard from Crisp, by him, and longs for an account of how it is 
 with Friends. His wife will send by the same hand, for Crisp and his 
 fellow-prisoners, two Holland cheeses marked with a P. 
 
 142. Amsterdam, 7th of llth Mo. (Jan., 1665.) 
 
 Has translated the substance of Crisps letter for Friends. Wishes he 
 could give as good a report as he receives. Some have scattered and 
 turned backwards, to the saddening of their hearts. J.C. J is one. He was 
 moved to speak to him of his absenting himself from meetings, when he 
 complained of Friends formality. What passed is too long to repeat here. 
 
 * See No. 46. f See No. 33 for the letter enclosed. 
 
 t [John Coghen, frequently mentioned in these letters.]
 
 62 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 He is now gone to Kotterdam, with John Lodge, who is the only one he 
 will visit, and who has been at great charges in teaching him how to make 
 combs. At Rotterdam, it is not much better than it was. At Leyden, 
 and Altmore, little alteration. In Germany, Friends are well, but have 
 had their goods spoiled. Has sent the large and general Epistle of 
 P[eter] H[endricks] to Crisp ; let it be read, and the original copy sent to 
 John Higgins, for mm or some friend in London to take a copy, and 
 then he would desire John to send it to Lancaster, or Kendal. Has 
 asked John Furly, minimus, for account of his debt for letters to 
 Yarmouth. Desires to know in the next. One Friends family hath 
 been visited with sickness, and in two months, eight or nine have been 
 buried from under his roof. Adrian is as he was, inconstant and fickle, 
 little as yet seasoned with truth. Gertrude loves the truth, and Friends, 
 in her very heart, but is bowed down with burdens like she was groaning 
 under when Crisp was there. She has never forgotten the words he 
 spake to her. The city is not yet free of the plague. Love to Giles Cock, 
 Ann Furly, George Wetherley, Gyles Barnadiston, John Crooke, Robert 
 Duncon, and Mary Vanderwall. 
 
 143. Preface by Crisp, beginning " Friendly reader, if 
 thou art of any sort of people that are reformed in any 
 measure from the Romish Church," and ending, " know me 
 by the name of Steven Crisp."* 
 
 144. A Tract " To the serious reader. There is nothing in 
 ye world by which man can be deceived sooner and easier 
 but by his owne hearte." Four pages. 
 
 145. Another Tract, beginning " The serious reader may 
 in this paper clearly see thy heart is not good nor honest." 
 An answer to the preceding. Twelve pages.* 
 
 146. Part of the Dutch translation of No. 149, begins at 
 p. 9, signed J. P., on p. 12 begins " Zets als een Antwoort op 
 datgene Hirtwelchejy geschreven helt in Margine van Pieter 
 Hendricks boeck, genaent : Den Ernstige betraffinge aen de 
 Vlaemische Doops-gesinde."^ Five pages ; signed J.P.J 
 
 147. Pages 3 and 4 of a MS. of Crisp's, about perfection. 
 
 148. Title page of James Parke's " Christ Jesus exalted, 
 and the true light that lightens every man that comes into 
 the world, born witness to. 
 
 " In answer to a dark, confused, and unprofitable paper, subscribed and 
 
 * These apparently were never published, t See No. 149. | James Parke.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF LETTERS, ETC. 63 
 
 sent to us the people of God, called Quakers, by [Jan Kornelisz Knoll], 
 wherein he, in his earthly and sensuall spirit, pleads for outward honner 
 and greetings, after the manner of the contrey, and against our practise 
 who have been led by the Lord God to deny it to all people. Also his 
 soe blasphemously calling the light of Christ imagined light and reason, 
 herein is detested and reproved by the spirit of truth, and according to 
 the testimony and practise of holy men of God mentioned in the Scrip- 
 tures, to which is added something in answer to what he hath written 
 on the margent of Peter Hendrick's book, that he and all men who are 
 found in such foolish and unprofitable customs and facions of the world 
 may come to see your evill and turn to the light of Christ Jesus and the 
 spirit of God in you, and lead you out of all evill. 
 
 " Written by one who loves that which proceeds from, and is wrought 
 in God, but can have no fellowship with unfruitfull works of darknesse, 
 but rather reprove them. JAMES PABKE." 
 
 II. Kings, iv., 29, " If thou meet any salute him not, if any salute 
 
 thee answer him not again." 
 Luke x., 4, " Salute noe man by the way." 
 James ii., 7. 
 
 149. " Something by way of reply to what thou hast 
 written as margent of Pieter Hendricks book called an 
 earnest reproof to ye flemish baptists." (Een emstige 
 bestraffinge aen de Vlaemische Doops-gesinde Gemeinte, 
 <kc., Amsterdam. 1670, 4to. " Collectio," p. 430). Five pages. 
 See No. 146, for Dutch translation of the same. 
 
 150. Title page of " An alarm sounded in ye borders of 
 Egypt, which shall be heard in Babylon, and astonish ye 
 Inhabitants of ye polluted Dwelling-places in ye earth, &c., 
 by a servant of God, Steven Crisp." 
 
 This book was printed London 1671, reprinted 1672 and 1691, trans- 
 lated into Dutch, Ein Klang des Allarms. Amsterdam, 1674. 
 
 151. Preface to the same, begins : 
 
 "Courteous Reader, this small treatise comes not forth with the 
 approbation of the learned doctors of our times, neither shall it, I believe, 
 be owned in the academies among the Rabbis, either papal or protestant" 
 Ends " and remaine a friend to thee and all men, S.C." 
 
 152. Postscript, " Something further ariseth in my heart 
 which I think good to commemorate, &c.," by Crisp, pp. 1 
 and 2 only. 
 
 * This book appears not to have been published in England, but it was 
 translated into Dutch, and published at Amsterdam, 1670, 4to. (See " Col- 
 lectio," p. 418.)
 
 64 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 153. MSS. of Pt. II. of Crisp's Dutch work about the per- 
 secution in Friesland. Pt. I. is printed in " Collectio," p. 447, 
 entitled Een vytroepinge tegens de vervolginge dewelke begon- 
 nen is, en voergart door de Regeerders, Predicanten, en Mennis- 
 ten in Vrieslandt. "An outcry against the persecution in Fries- 
 land, begun and continued by the Magistrates, Ministers, and 
 Mennonites." 
 
 The writer proceeds to defend his former book in all he said about the 
 " Menuists " (Mennonites) of Harlingen, and next defends himself 
 against Galenus Abrahams, one of the most noted of the Baptist 
 preachers in Holland, born at Zieriksee, 8th Nov., 1622. He was 
 engaged in a prolonged discussion with Penn and others during the 
 visit to Holland in Sept. and Oct., 1677. Af terwhich he relates the history 
 of persecutions in Friesland, especially mentioning the case of Isaac 
 Jacobs, an old man banished from Leeuwarden for ten years, after 
 long imprisonment. Cornelius Roelofs was also imprisoned with him, 
 and wrote an answer to his accusers. 
 
 153. A Treatise by Crisp, begins " Manifold are the devices 
 of Satan, and great is the subtlety with which," &c. Twenty- 
 three pages in his own writing. 
 
 154. Paper by George Whitehead, signed " A lover of the 
 Seed of God, and a friend to them that follow on to know 
 Him. G. W.," and endorsed " Something to be annexed to 
 the Book of Israels Redemption," &c. Begins " As the fol- 
 lowing testimony was given forth in the faith of the righteous 
 Seed," &c. 
 
 George Whitehead's book " The Seed of Israel's Redemption fully 
 prophecied of (and the Scriptures opened) which now is about to be 
 fulfilled," &c., was published, London, 1659. 
 
 155. Six pages in Whitehead's writing, evidently MSS. 
 corrected for press, begins " The difference between the first 
 and second covenants, and the first and second priesthoods," 
 &c. 
 
 156. A short relation of the sufferings of Friends at Emb- 
 den. 
 
 This paper contains a sickening account of the petty tyrannies and
 
 SYNOPSIS OP LETTERS, ETC. 
 
 65 
 
 cruelties imposed upon the people of Embden, by the magistrates. An 
 outline of their sufferings is sketched by Sewel (vol. ii. p. 321), and it 
 is profitless to allude to them further here. It is significant of the spirit 
 of the early Quakers, that no account of these cruelties was ever published 
 in England. Among the Crisp papers at Devonshire House, are several 
 relating to this persecution, but they are all endorsed " Not put in ye 
 English volume, ye case being unknown to us," or " It being judged ye 
 service is now over," or " Ye case altered." 
 
 The above illustration represents the winter dress of an Amsterdam 
 Quaker of about 1689. It is copied from one of a series of engravings 
 by Dubourg, for Picart's C6r6monies et Coutumes Religieuses, Amster.
 
 66 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 1736, torn iv., p. 202. The costume is almost identical with that of a 
 Mennonite figured in the same work, as also in Maaskamp's Tableaux 
 de rhabillements, mceurs et des coutumes, &c., Amst., 1804. The buttons 
 form a noteable feature, being continued on either side from the waist 
 behind. They were manufactured in Holland, and the trade in them 
 between English and Dutch Friends was, we see from these Letters, 
 considerable. No. 99 shows a bill from Jan Glaus, merchant in Amster- 
 dam, to William Crouch, upholsterer, &c., Gracechurch Street, for 94 
 gross of buttons, at prices ranging from 33 to 53 stivers a gross, " sent 
 unto him according to his order." In No. 56, Simon de Pool says that 
 the Polish Envoy, having been with him " to hear the inspired Word of 
 God spoken at the Quakers Meeting, has bought some buttons, and the 
 money has been given to the poor." Glaus, in No. 132, congratulating 
 John Furly on the birth of a son, "hopes soon to have an order for 
 buttons," from which it appears the children also wore them. 
 
 * The Dutch penny, at that time worth of course more than at present.
 
 (67) 
 
 IMPRISONMENTS AND DISTRAINTS IN 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 The remaining papers in the Crisp Collection, folios 
 296306, under the head of " Sufferings," appear to 
 be pages from an early book, in which such records 
 were kept for transmission to London. From the year 1675, 
 until 1794, a meeting was held weekly in London for the con- 
 sideration of all reports of imprisonment, fines, &c., forwarded 
 from the country. This was called " The Meeting for Suffer- 
 ings," and is still held monthly, under the same name. Its 
 original construction was that " at least one Friend of each 
 county be appointed by the Quarterly Meeting thereof, to be 
 in readiness to repair to any of the said meetings at this city, 
 at such times as their urgent occasions or sufferings shall 
 require." 
 
 The following entries, though not always dated, are other- 
 wise exact, and afford some curious and interesting informa- 
 tion as to the locality and distribution of this people in our 
 own county of Essex ; as well as of the family surnames, 
 many of which will still be found in the same villages. 
 There is also some interest, in seeing the nature of the 
 articles in most common use at that time, as well as their 
 estimated value two hundred years ago. 
 
 It will here be seen, that there were Friends in almost 
 every district of Essex, from Clacton on Sea to Gestingthorpe, 
 and Castle Hedingham, from Burnhamto Hadstock, and from 
 Saffron Walden to Southminster. 
 
 IMPRISONED IN ESSEX. 
 1656. John Isaac, of Halstead, 
 
 Mary Cook, of Chelmsf ord, 
 John Sewell, of Gestingthorpe,
 
 68 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 John Child, of Felstead, 
 Samuel Skillingham, of Felstead, 
 Jonathan Bundack, 
 Steven Hubbersty, and 
 John Davage, from Dengie-hundred. 
 1657. 
 
 4th Sept. Mary Bradey, of Felstead, 
 28th Dec. Mary Bradey, of Felstead, 
 
 John Claiden, of Hadstock. 
 
 The above were all imprisoned in Colchester Castle, for 
 offences and periods various. 
 
 During the year 1657, there were imprisoned in Colchester 
 Moot Hall, the following Friends, committed chiefly by 
 William Motte, Deputy Recorder, John Vicars being Mayor 
 from Nov. 1656, followed by Nicholas Beacon. 
 Martha Simmons, 
 Thomas Shortland, 
 Steven Crisp, 
 Edmond Crosse, 
 Anne Langley (four times), 
 Anne Stammage, 
 Joan Disborrow, 
 Margaret Gray, 
 George Bade. 
 Matthew Hodson, 
 
 In 1658, there were imprisoned in the same place, 
 Joan Disborrow, 
 *Edward Grant, 
 John Hall, 
 
 John Child, of Felstead, and Anne, his wife, 
 John Chandler, 
 
 Anne Stammage, of Colchester, who was also stoned 
 in the street of Dedham, 
 
 * In Crisp's " Testimony " concerning Edward Grant (" Works " p. 358), we 
 learn that when about seventy, he was so violently beaten by the troopers who 
 came to disturb the meeting, that he died a month after, 6th Feb. (1670).
 
 IMPRISONMENTS. 69 
 
 William Simpson, of Billericay, and 
 Robert Debnam. 
 
 1658. 21st Mar. John Daveage, of Burnham, taken to 
 Chelmsford, and kept several weeks, for " speaking to a priest 
 in the steeplehouse." 
 
 John Eve, of Much Easton, and Anne Child, of Felstead, 
 were committed to prison at Thaxted. 
 
 George Rof e (see No. 102) was kept five weeks in confine- 
 ment at Saffron Walden, by an order from John Reynolds, 
 and Samuel Leader, justices. 
 
 1658. Aug. John Addams, of Hadstock, was sent to Col- 
 chester Castle, at the suit of Thomas Wallis, vicar. He 
 remained there six months, and was then removed to the 
 Fleet, where he was kept five months, and then had his goods 
 distrained. 
 
 Widow Ball, and her son William, of Hor[ke]sley, imprison- 
 ed at Colchester Castle, at the suit of John Wright, vicar of 
 Horsley. William Ball was kept some months, although 
 occupying no land. 
 
 Andrew Smith, of Stebbing, was subpaened to appear before 
 the Barons of Exchequer. He was committed to Colchester 
 Castle, where he remained seven months, was thence re- 
 moved to the Common Bench prison at Westminster, and 
 finally committed to the Fleet, where he remained four 
 months, and was afterwards distrained upon, to the value of 
 20. 
 
 John Pollard, of Steeple Grange, was imprisoned at the 
 Upper Bench prison for ten months, at the suit of Benjamin 
 Maddock. 
 
 John and Joseph Pollard were imprisoned at the Fleet, at 
 the suit of Josias Armiger. 
 
 1658. Henry Smith, of Saling, 
 
 Edward Morrell, of Thaxted, and 
 James Potter, of Mark's Tey, 
 were sent to Colchester Castle for non-payment of tithes.
 
 70 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 1659. Thomas Eltom, and John Eve sent to Colchester 
 Castle. 
 
 In March, 1660, Henry Fell, for addressing the people in 
 the churchyard at Saffron Walden, was roughly handled 
 with stones and clods of earth, until blood was shed. Mary 
 Born, and Zachary Child were similarly treated at Felstead. 
 
 Anne Langley, and her companion, Anne Stammage, were 
 committed to prison in Colchester, by John Radhams, Mayor 
 in 1659,f or entering St. Peter's Church. She probably attempted 
 a protest, as she seems to have been quite undaunted in 
 advancing her principles. She it was who held the dying head 
 of Parnel. 
 
 The following were imprisoned for tithes in Colchester 
 
 Castle : 
 
 John Crosier of Felstead, 
 
 Moses Davey, of Felstead, 
 
 Robert Abbot, Colne Engaine, 
 
 Thomas Mumford, and Anthony Page, who were 
 
 kept four years, 
 Francis Marriage,* Stebbing, 
 John Choppen [Chopping], Stebbing. 
 Copy of a Pass, dated Colchester, 18th of June, 1660, com- 
 manding all constables to convey Thomas Everet, described 
 as a wandering rogue, and disturber of the peace, to Bury St. 
 Edmunds, where he confesses he was born, and last settled, 
 and there to set him on work, or otherwise provide for him. 
 He is assigned to be at Bury St. Edmonds within four days, 
 at his peril ; subscribed, Thomas Peeke, Mayor. 
 
 1660. 13th Dec. The Friends hereunder named were 
 taken out of the meeting at Hadstock by troopers, and 
 driven to Saffron Walden, imprisoned in one room, and 
 forwarded to Dunmow, thence to Chelmsford, whence all 
 but two were committed to Colchester Castle. 
 John Harvey, George Corte, 
 
 John Webb, Samuel Peachey, 
 
 * Kept for twelve months from 1657.
 
 CD 
 
 : 
 - 
 
 C 
 
 O
 
 IMPRISONMENTS. 71 
 
 Sam. Read, Jacob Baker, 
 
 Walter Crane, John Simon, 
 
 John Churchman, George Churchman, 
 
 Robert Churchman, John Claiden, 
 
 John Day, Thomas Amye, 
 
 Edm. Clark, Tho. Day, 
 
 Jo. Stinton, John Ellis, 
 Michell Pettit. 
 
 They were discharged at the Chelmsford Assizes, begun 
 the 18th of March, 1661. 
 
 1660. 20th Dec. The following Friends were com- 
 mitted to the Moot Hall, at Colchester, in the custody 
 of James Bloomfield, keeper of the same, for refusing the oath 
 of allegiance : 
 
 John Ingall, Zachary Welsh, 
 
 Joseph Burnish, Jo. Disbrough, 
 Edward Grant, the younger, Thomas Mosse, 
 
 Nicholas Prigge, Michael Thorne, 
 
 Edwin Harrison, John Cooch, 
 
 Richard Quick, Thos. Shortland, 
 
 Thomas Bailes, Nath. Plumstead, 
 
 John Complin, Jo. Bishop, 
 
 George Weatherly, William Quick, 
 
 John Patridge, Zachary Catchpool, 
 
 John Havens, Thomas Burgis. 
 
 1660. 24th Dec. John Furly, of Colchester, for re- 
 fusing the oath of allegiance, was committed to prison 
 at the Moot Hall. The following month, at the Sessions, he 
 was again offered the oath, and again committed, without bail 
 or manieprise. A note is added by Furly himself, showing 
 that this proceeding was illegal, inasmuch as no one magistrate 
 could legally tender an oath, and stating that his imprison- 
 ment lasted twelve weeks. 
 
 1661. 8th & 21st Jan. Wilham Palmer, William Marlow, 
 John Vanderwall, and Edward Boyce were committed at
 
 72 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 Harwich, by Arthur Hawk, Mayor, for refusing the oaths of 
 allegiance and supremacy. They were kept three months. 
 
 1661. 13th Jan. Daniel Deacon, of Colchester, also 
 imprisoned. 
 
 1661. 20th Jan. William Williams, Thomas Brewer, and 
 Peter Peachy were imprisoned in Colchester Castle for not 
 taking the oath of allegiance. 
 
 1661. 20th Jan. John Rolf, of Colchester, committed 
 at Tollesbury, to the Castle, for the same offence. 
 
 1661. 20th Jan. The following men were taken from 
 a meeting a Edwin Morrell's house at Thaxted, and, refusing 
 to swear, they were committed to prison for three months : 
 
 Joseph Smith, 
 
 William Bridge, 
 
 John Harding, 
 
 *Griffen Perry, 
 
 George French, 
 
 John Knowls, 
 
 Thorn. Ellis, 
 
 Tho. Sewell, 
 
 William Sewell, 
 
 William Adcock, 
 
 John Turner, 
 
 Joseph Clark. 
 
 1661. 27th Jan. The following were apprehended at the 
 same place, a week later, and committed for eleven weeks, 
 viz., Edwin Morrell, John Potter, Griffen Perry, Thomas 
 Eve, Thomas Eltom, John Clark, and Richard Sewell. 
 
 1661. 27th Jan. John Salmon, William Hudson, Thomas 
 Lea, John Craven, and John Davedge were taken by soldiers 
 from a meeting at Steeple, in Dengie-hundred, and carried 
 
 Griffen Perry lived at Hanningfield, and was trustee of the first meeting- 
 house at Chelmsford, about 1695.
 
 DISTRAINTS. 73 
 
 to Southminster, where, refusing the oath, they were com- 
 mitted to Colchester Castle. 
 
 DISTRAINTS. 
 
 " The 3rd of the 8th mo. [Oct.], 1657. Taken from Georg 
 Weatherlie, for not sending for armes, by Sigismund Baker, 
 Marck Stephen, John Dehorne, Serjeants, and henery bell, 
 connstable, one red rugg, and one warming pan, that came 
 to ye sum of twentie and five shillings. 
 
 " Then from Georg Weatherley were taken, for ye same 
 thing, upon ye 9th of ye 9th mo. [Nov.], 1667, by ye same three 
 Serjeants, as followeth : One riding cloth coat, vallewed at 
 8s., one stuffe coate, 3s., and a brass mortar and pessel at 3s., 
 and one whight ockonne* sugar box at 3s., which for both 
 times, the goods in all taken, doe amonnt unto ye sum of 
 21b. Os. 6d. 
 
 " At same time, taken by the said officers, from Thomas 
 Cole, for 3 fine, a horse worth eight pounds." 
 
 1667. 25th of Oct. Distrained of John Furly, then 
 Junior, for a fine of ten pounds, for not sending in arms, 35 
 bars of iron, and a pair of large new fire racks, value 14. 
 
 From Solomon Freemantell, fine cloth, and a clock worth 
 50s. 
 
 1671. 4th of July. From John Furly, junior, three 
 quarters of a hundred, and thirteen pounds weight of brass 
 kettles. 
 
 1670. On the 29th of May, constables and officers, with a 
 warrant signed by Henry Lamb mayor, and John Shaw 
 recorder, came to break up a meeting at Colchester ; the 
 Friends, however, remained until the usual time. On the 
 26th of June, the Mayor and other officers came again for the 
 same purpose, and ordered out the men one by one, taking 
 their names, and laying the fine of some that were poor 
 upon those more able. On the 2nd of July, the meeting- 
 house doors were locked, and on their being broken open, 
 
 * Oaken.
 
 74 STEVEN CRISP. 
 
 the Mayor came on the llth, and said he seized the house for 
 the King. The following day, he employed a carpenter and 
 a mason to plank and brick up the doors and windows, so 
 that the meeting was then held in the street. The 27th of 
 the same month, after meeting outside, an entrance was 
 endeavoured by the Friends a second time into the house, 
 and before sunset the planks and brickwork had been re- 
 moved ; but the same night, Matthew Everett, John 
 Hallaway, and Mary Bray were arrested, and committed to 
 prison for opening the said house. They were kept there 
 three weeks. On the Saturday following, the doors were 
 once more blocked, and so remained until the 4th of Jan. 
 1671, when the obstacles having been in the morning re- 
 moved, a quiet meeting was held in the afternoon, and 
 another five days afterwards. The following day, however, 
 the meeting-house was again bricked up by the order of 
 "William Moor, [the next] mayor, and so it continued until 
 the 27th of March, 1671, when the house being hired by a 
 tenant, the meetings were again resumed, and continued 
 peaceable. 
 
 The following were distrained upon for the act against 
 meetings (Conventicle Act) : 
 
 Solomon Freemantel, eight bay lists. 
 Thomas Shortland, a bar of iron worth 7s. 
 John Bryant, eight bay lists. 
 Jeptha Solly, yarn. 
 
 These lived in the parish of St. James. 
 
 " Thomas Everit for a 5s. fine, had taken from him five 
 pairs of shoes, worth about 9s. Matthew Everit, of St. Nicholas 
 parish, had taken from him two pieces of an iron stove, which 
 rendered the other part of the stove of no use. The stove 
 cost about 4. 
 
 " John Furly, minimus, fined 5s., had three leather-back 
 stools taken from him, worth 14s., by two constables, a warden, 
 and overseer. These were afterward returned again by an- 
 other hand. Robert Morffe, fined 55s., [it] being for himself
 
 DISTRAINTS. 75 
 
 and ten more, had taken from him two simpatanies, and 
 four yards of broad cloath, worth 5 4s. ; John Havens, fined 
 35s., had taken from him four hides, worth 48s." 
 
 James Read, of St. Peters parish, fined 5s., had taken from 
 him a pair of fire racks. 
 
 Thomas Cole, of Lexden, for himself and his son, fined 
 10s. ; had taken from him a musket, and his son's coat, and 
 a spit. 
 
 Thomas Brown, weaver, of St. Giles parish, fined 5s., had 
 taken from him two pewter dishes, and a brass skillet. 
 
 " Avery Sanders, fined 5s., had taken from him a mortell 
 and pestell, a pewter platter, and pewter candlestick worth 6s. 
 
 Isaac Potter, of Buttolphs parish, had taken from him, by 
 the same officers, a rorfnd table. 
 
 Tho. Chittam, fined 5s., had taken a brass kettle, and 
 skillet, and a joynt stool, valued at 6s. 
 
 Jno. Bishop, fined 5s., had taken from him two iron potts. 
 
 Wm. Hadly, of St. Martins parish, fined 5s., had taken from 
 him by Jno. English, constable, and some other officers, the 
 Mayor, Henry Lamb, being psent, a blanket, a chaire, a pillow, 
 and pillow-beer, and pewter platter, valued at 14s. 
 
 Richard Allen, of ye Hith, fined, distrained two timber 
 trees. 
 
 Sarah Seabrook, of Much Clacton, was sent to Chelmsford 
 Gaol upon a capias capiendo at the suit of Thomas Osborn, 
 churchwarden of Much Clacton, for not paying church rate. 
 
 Steven Crisp, senior, fined 5s., had taken from him two 
 blankets valued at 10s."
 
 (76) 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 THE WILL OF STEVEN CRISP.* 
 
 MEMORANDUM. That upon this three and twenty day of May, in the 
 fourth year of the reignes of William and Mary, King and Queen of 
 England, anno domi 1692, I Steven Crisp of Colchester in the county 
 of Essex, weaver, being thorow the mercy of God in good health and 
 of sound disposing mind and memory, calling to mind the frailty of 
 this mortal life, do for the setling my estate which God hath pleased to 
 give me, make and ordaine this my last will and testament in manner 
 and forme following, hereby revoking and making void all former and 
 other wills by me made. Imprimis : I give and bequeath to my friends 
 Ruth Crouch, f and Mary Wats, of London, twenty pounds for them to 
 dispose of as they shall see meet. Item : I doe give and bequeath to 
 my friends Anna Talcot, and Elizabeth Furly of Colchester, twenty 
 pounds for them to dispose of as they shall see meet. Item : I doe 
 give and bequeath to my three cozens John Crisp, Saml. Crisp, and 
 Thomas Crisp, all of Colchester, five pounds apeece over and above what 
 they owe me at the time of my death, and to Steven Crisp, the son of 
 Samuel Crisp, I give ten pounds to be employed for the putting him 
 out as an apprentice, or if he will not be put out, then to remain in 
 the hand of my Exors, to be pd him at the age of one and twenty yeares, 
 and to the rest of the children of the said Samuel I give twenty shillings 
 apeece. Item : I doe give unto Matth. Waller, and Steven Waller, sons of 
 Richard Waller, five and twenty pound apeece, to be paid them by their 
 father when they attaine their respective ages of one and twenty yeares, in 
 discharge of a bond I have of his to pay 50 pounds to my appointment 
 at six months after my decease, and my [will] is that during the said 
 children's minority, Richard Waller shall in every year between Mid- 
 summer and Michs. lay out ten shillings apeece in fireing for each of the 
 inhabitants that now are, or hereafter shall be, dwellers in the foure little 
 homes wch I built in Nicholas psh, in Colchester, in all 40 shillings a 
 year for the interest of the fifty pounds, till he pays it as aforesaid. 
 
 * Preserved among the archives of the Archdeaconry of Colchester at 
 Somerset House. 
 
 f Wife of William Crouch, in whose house he died.
 
 APPENDIX. 77 
 
 Item : I doe give to Gertrude Losevelt, daughter of Cornelius Losevelt, 
 my bed as it stands, and all the rest of my furniture of my parlour 
 (except my clock and green couch), to be kept for her by some of my 
 Exors until she be sixteen years of age, and then to be delivered to her. 
 Item : I doe give my clock to my cozen Richard Waller, and my green 
 couch to Sibilla Adson. My wearing cloths, both linen and woolen, I give 
 to be divided equally among my extors. Item : I give to Sarah Hale, 
 the wife of John Hale, the sum of five pounds. Item : 1 doe give to 
 Wm. Hadly, John Hadly, Jas. Catchpoole, John Quennell, and James 
 Babbs, forty shillings apeece. Item : I give to the poor of Buttolphs 
 psh in Colchester, three pounds. Item : I give to all the children of my 
 brother in law, John Hix, 40 shillings apeece, to be paid them at their 
 respective ages of one and twenty. Item : I doe give and bequeath 
 unto [ Wm.] Crouch, and his wife, and to Michael Lovell and his wife, three 
 pounds apeece, to Jaswell Crouch, John Crouch, and Ruth Crouch, jr., to 
 each of them a guinea. Item : My watch I give to my loving friend 
 Sibilla Adson, and my express will is that my Extors shall truly and 
 faithfully pay and satisfy every pson that hath credit in my bookes, for 
 any sum or sumes of money which I have been entrusted with. Item : 
 I doe give to my cozen Samuel Crisp of London, and to his wife, each 
 of them a guinea, and I do nominate, constitute, and appoint my loving 
 cozens, Sol. Freemantel, John Furly, and Richard Waller, all of Col- 
 chester, to be my exors of this my last will and testament, and doe give 
 them five pound apeece. And my will is that when they have paid and 
 discharged all my debts, trusts, and legacies, or deducted out of my 
 estate so much as will satisfy the same, so that the overplus may 
 appear, that then my extors shall open their accts to my loving friends 
 Willm Colt, Thos Bayles, Dan. Vanderwall, and Henry Pomfrett, and 
 shall bestow and employ the said overplus to such use and uses as they 
 the survivor and survivors of them, shall from time to time direct and 
 appoint, keeping a faire account thereof so long as any of it remains. 
 In witness unto this my will, written all with my owne hand, I have set 
 my hand and seal the day and year above written. 
 In the presence of Rich. Day, Will. Corbott, Ann Davy. 
 
 Children of William Crouch.
 
 (78) 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 A bundle, consisting of twenty-nine papers by Steven 
 Crisp, is deposited in Box A of the MSS. preserved at 
 Devonshire House. They are all endorsed in Benjamin 
 Furly's writing, as having been looked over and read, most 
 of them on the 31st of January, 1693, and "judged not need- 
 ful to be printed." 
 
 They are as follows : 
 
 1. A Christian Reprehension, &c., on a conceited pamphlet ; by 
 
 G.W. and S.C., 1690. 
 
 2. The Touchstone Touched, in answer to H.C.H., of Harlingen, in 
 
 Freesland. 
 
 3. A Letter to Dr. Andreas, president at Embden. 
 
 4. An Epistle to Friends : " Dear Lambs, &c." 
 
 5. A Cry against Persecution begun and carryed on by ye rulers and 
 
 presidents in Freesland. 
 
 6. A Paper concerning Marriage. 
 
 7. An Answer to Jacob Pieters. 
 
 8. A True Eelation of a grievous Lye, &c. [Dutch, printed in 
 
 Collectio, p. 446.] 
 
 9. An English Translation of the same. 
 
 10. To Marten Arents, 16th August, 1670. 
 
 11. S.C. to Friends about John Harwood. 
 
 12. My Answer to Ab. Jansen, of Goch, Germany, a Baptist. 
 
 13. To ye Magistrates of Embden, September, 1675. In print in 
 
 Dutch. YS is ye original ? 
 
 14. A Letter to a Magistrate, P.P. 
 
 15. Letter from Crisp and his fellow prisoner, Samuel Hawkins, from 
 
 the County Gaol in Ipswich, to the Magistrates, 27th of May, 
 1670. 
 
 16. To William Woolley, of Harwich. 
 
 17. To Parson Long.
 
 APPENDIX. 79 
 
 18. To Samuel Hassell, of Sudbury, dated Ipswich, 3rd of April, 
 
 1670. From one who is a friend to good magistrates, and 
 true ministers, and a witness against the contrary. 
 
 19. To ye Mayor of Cambridge. 
 
 20. To ye Justices of ye Peace for ye County of Durham. 
 
 21. S.C.'s Letter to ye Lieutenancy in Durham. 
 
 22. To Friend R.T. [endorsed by Furly, " I know not who it is."] 
 
 23. To Justice Eldred, Harwich, 25th September, 1662. 
 
 24. To John Eldred, Justice, near Colchester. 
 
 25. To Richard Hewlett, a Priest. 
 
 26. To ye King. 
 
 27. An Epistle to a private person. 
 
 28. A Letter to Antoinette Bourignon, Amsterdam, 18th of March, 
 
 1669, respecting a book by her, called An Excellent Letter, &c. 
 
 29. A letter to a Friend, Hermann Witts. 
 
 30. Truth triumphing over Falsehood, in answer to a book on Religious 
 
 Worship, by Alexander Ross, 1670. 
 
 In Box C there is also : 
 
 An information unto Charles II., King of England, signed by Steven 
 Crisp, Robert Letchworth, Nicholas Frost, John Deane, dated Cambridge, 
 16th of July, 1660. 
 
 This Address was delivered by Margaret Fell to the King. (See 
 Besse's Sufferings Ed. 1753, vol. 1, p. 88.) 
 
 * See Introduction, pp. xxii., xxiii., xxiv.
 
 (81) 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Abbey Rippon 7 
 
 Abbis, Rinck 35 
 
 Abbot, Robert - 70 
 
 Aberdeen - 12, 22, 51, 52, 55 
 Abrahams, Galenus - xlii. 64 
 Act of Uniformity 7 
 
 Addams, John 69 
 
 Adcock, William- - - 72 
 Addison (or Adson), Sibilla- 77 
 Alexandria 4 
 
 Algiers - xxxvi. 
 
 Alkmaer ... xxxiii. 18 
 Allen, Richard 75 
 
 Allerthorpe, Yorks - - 36 
 Alresford ... xxxii. 
 Altenburgh- - - 38 
 
 Altmore - - - - 62 
 Alton - xxxii. 
 
 America - 13, 31, 51, 52, 55 
 Ames, William - - xxxix. 17 
 Amsterdam x. xxvii. xxviii. xxix. 
 xxxiii. xxxiv. xxxv. xxxvi. 
 xxxix. xli. xlii. xliii. 1. li. 1, 
 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 24, 25, 27, 
 34, 35, 58, 59,60, 66, 79. 
 
 New Bridge St. 35, Prince 
 Straat 37, Prince's Island 35, 
 Vish Steege xli. 
 
 Amye, Thomas 71 
 
 Anderslow 50 
 
 Andover ... xxxii. 8 
 Andreas, Christian - - 33 
 
 Cornells 53 
 
 Dr. - 78 
 
 Appleby Gaol 50 
 
 Arents, Jacob - - 24, 33 
 
 - Martin 78 
 
 - Peter ... 34 
 
 Walter - 30 
 
 Armiger, Josias 69 
 
 Arnheim 38 
 
 Arksey - - - 14, 42 
 Armagh 55 
 
 Arminius 30 
 
 Arnside 52 
 
 Arundel 43 
 
 Ashfield, Richard - - xxx. 
 
 Aspatria 
 
 Audland, John - 
 Austria 
 
 Babbs, James 
 Bacharach - 
 Baker, Jacob 
 
 Sigismund 
 
 Bakker, John de - 
 Bale - 
 Ball, Widow 
 William 
 
 PAGE 
 
 54 
 48 
 46 
 
 77 
 38 
 71 
 73 
 30 
 47 
 69 
 69 
 
 Baptists - xxvii. 
 
 Barbadoes - xliii. 13, 30, 31, 40, 
 
 41, 48, 56, 58, 60. 
 Barclay, Colonel David - 22 
 Robert ix. x. xli. xlii. 
 
 xlvii. 1, 2, 3, 12, 22, 25, 26, 28. 
 Barnardiston, Giles 9, 43, 59, 60, 62 
 Barrington, Richard - 39 
 
 Barrow, Robert - - xlvi. 51 
 Barwick, Dr. John - - xxiv. 
 Bath - xxx. 4 
 
 Batten - xxxi. 
 
 Bayles, Thomas xviii. 34, 48, 49, 
 
 59, 60, 71, 77. 
 
 Baysmaking - - xv. xvi. 
 Beacon, Nicholas 68 
 
 Beale, Thomas 43 
 
 Beets, Jacob 30 
 
 Bedfordshire 59 
 
 Beeford - 25 
 
 Bell, Henry - 73 
 
 Bellarbutt - 54 
 
 Bellasis, Captain - xxii. 
 
 Sellers, Francis 40 
 
 John --- 41 
 
 Bennet, Elizabeth - - 11 
 Berlin ... 15 
 
 Bermuda 30 
 
 Bethick ... - xxxi. 
 Beveridge, Rev. John - - 50 
 Beverley - - - - 26, 2 
 Bingen ... 38 
 
 Bird, Richard - 58 
 
 Bisbrown, Margaret - 52 
 
 Bishop, John - - 71, 75
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Blackley, Ann - - - 3, 4 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Cambridge xxi. xxii. 3, 4, 5, 16, 
 44, 79. 
 Cameronians 52 
 Campagne, Joseph - - 37 
 Cannon, John 29 
 Carlisle - - - - 5, 54 
 Carlow 55 
 Carolina 31 
 Carrickfergus 55 
 Carter, Clement - - - 11 
 Carthaginians - - - 52 
 Cascetter, Manasseh - - liv. 
 Castle Hedingham - - 67 
 Catchpool, James - - 77 
 
 Black Spread Eagle - - 18 
 Blaykling, John - - - 2, 34 
 Blewberry - xxx. 
 Bloomfield, James - - 71 
 Bodmin - - - - xxxi. 
 Boehme, Jacob 38 
 Bohemia, Queen of - xi. 20 
 Bolsward 33 
 Bonn ----- 38 
 Boome, Mary Ann 38 
 Boppart - - 38 
 Born, Mary 70 
 Boston . - - 56, 57 
 Boucher, Mr. - - - 37 
 Bourignon, Antoinette- - 79 
 Bowdinune, Bowdin - - 30 
 Boxted 57 
 Boyce, Edward - xxv. 37, 71 
 Brabrooke, Thomas - - 49 
 Bradey, Mary 68 
 Bradford, Mrs. E. - - 14 
 Braintree - - - 6 
 Bray ----- xxxi. 
 Mary - - - 18, 74 
 Bremen - xxxii. 
 Breslau - - - 15, 16, 17 
 Brewer, Thomas 72 
 Bridport ... - xxxi. 
 Bridge, William 72 
 Bridgetown 31 
 Brill, The - - - - 28 
 Bristol - xxx. xxxiv. 48, 56 
 Brookes, William - - 40 
 Brown, Alderman Kichard - 4 
 
 Sir Tfir-lrirrl fiO 
 
 Cater, Ezekiel - - - 5, 71 
 
 Caton, William xi. xxvii. xxxvii. 
 xxxviii. xxxix. 27, 33, 59. 
 Annekin xxxvi, xxxvii. 
 xxxviii. xxxix. xli. xliii. 27, 59, 
 60. 
 Cavan, County 54 
 Chandler, John 68 
 Charles I. - - - - xlvii. 
 Charles II., xxi. xxiii. 3, 22, 52, 79 
 Charles IX.- - 53 
 
 xxix. 21, 22, 28. 
 
 Cheevers, Sarah 4 
 Chelmsford 44, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 
 
 *7R 
 
 Child, Anne 68, 69 
 
 
 
 TfntVi Q 
 
 Chippenham ... X xx. 
 Chittam, Thomas - - 75 
 Chopping, John - - - 70 
 
 - Thnrms 31 7^ 
 
 Bryan, Sir Francis - - xlvi. 
 Bryan's Wood - - xlvi. 29 
 Bryant, John 74 
 Buchanan 39 
 Bundack, Jonathan - - 68 
 Bunhill Fields - - xlviii. 
 Burgess, Samuel - xxx. 
 
 TVmrma 71 
 
 Churchman, George - - 71 
 John 71 
 
 T?nhrrf 71 
 
 Clacton, Great or Much - 67 
 Claes, Jeske 35 
 Claidon, John - - 68, 71 
 Clare - - - - 43, 44 
 Claridge, Eichard - - x. 9 
 Clark, Edmund 71 
 
 John 79 
 
 Burnham 67, 69 
 Burnish, Joseph 71 
 Burnyeat, John - 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 
 Burrough, Edward - xxvii. 3, 8 
 Bury St. Edmunds - - 70 
 Byllinge, Edward - - 25 
 Calne- - xxx. 
 
 
 R1 A. 
 
 Clark, Samuel - - - 9
 
 INDEX. 
 
 83 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Glaus, Jacob - 15, 18, 37, 66 
 
 Jan xxix. xxxiv. xxxvii. 
 
 1., 15, 17, 18, 24, 33, 38, 45. 
 
 Cleves - - - - 38 
 
 Cleveland - liv. 
 
 Cliff, Rev. John 9 
 
 Clothall .... 29 
 
 Coale, Josiah - xii. xxviii. 48 
 
 Cock, Giles - 62 
 
 Coggeshall - - xviii. 6, 47, 59 
 
 Coghen, John 59 
 
 Colchester x. xiii. xv. xvi. xvii. 
 
 xx. xxv. xxxii. xxxiii. xxxiv., 
 
 xxxvi. xlii. xliii. xlvi. li. 7, 8, 
 
 30, 37, 42, 44, 47, 48, 49, 57, 70, 
 
 72, 79. 
 
 Almshouse Lane xxxvi. xlv. 
 49 ; Castle xx. xxv. 7, 68, 69, 
 70, 72, 73 ; Dutch population in 
 xviii. ; Eastgate xvii. ; East 
 Stockwell St. xviii. ; East Street 
 49, 57 ; Mayors of xviii. xxvi. 
 12, 31, 68 (2), 70 (2), 73, 75 ; 
 Monthly Meeting of v. xviii. 
 xxxvi. xliii. Hi. ; Moor Lane x. 
 xiv. xvii. xviii. 49 ; Moot Hall 
 xvii. xxv. xxvi. 68, 71 ; St. 
 Bottolph's 49, 75, 77 ; St. Bot- 
 tolph's Priory xvii. ; St. Bottolph's 
 Street xvii. ; St. Giles' 75, 48, 
 49 ; St. Helen's Chapel xviii. ; 
 St. Helen's Lane 49 ; St. James' 
 49, 74 ; St. Martin's 75 ; St. 
 Martin's Lane xviii. xxvi. 49 ; 
 St. Mary's Lane xvi. ; St. 
 Nicholas 6, 49,74, 77 ; St. Peter's 
 xvii. 70, 74 ; St. Runwald'sxliv. ; 
 Persecution of Friends in xxv. ; 
 Priory St. xvii. ; John de 50 ; 
 The Hythe 57. 
 
 Colbrooke - xxx. 
 
 Cole, Thomas - 73, 75 
 
 Collegianten - xliii. 16, 28 
 Collumpton - xxxi. 
 
 Coleman, Thomas - - xxx 
 Colne Engaine 70 
 
 Cologne - - - 28, 38 
 Colt, William ... 77 
 Complin, John 71 
 
 Commonwealth 25 
 
 Connecticut 57 
 
 Conventicle Act - - 9, 44, 74 
 Cooch, John 71 
 
 Cook, Mary 67 
 
 Cook, Thomas 
 Copenhagen 
 Crbett, William 
 Cork - 
 Cornwall 
 Corte, George 
 Cotton, John 
 Seaborn 
 
 PAGE 
 6 
 
 - 32 
 
 - 77 
 xxvi. 55 
 xxxi. 48 
 
 - 70 
 57 note 
 
 - 57 
 
 - 60 
 
 - 2,3 
 
 - 54 
 
 - 71 
 
 - 72 
 
 LXXV. 18 
 
 Cox, Eliz. - 
 Council of Scotland 
 Crabtreebeck 
 Crane, Walter 
 Craven, John 
 Crefeld 
 
 Crisp, Dorothy xvi. xvii. xxxvi. 
 xliii. 13,17,18,59 
 
 Gertrude xlv. See Dericks 
 
 John - - xlix. 76 
 
 Elizabeth, sen. - xiii. xiv. 
 
 xvii. 13,26 
 
 jun. - - xvii. 
 
 of St. Osy th xxxvi. 
 
 - Samuel - xlix. 76, 77 
 
 Steven, sen. xiii. xiv. 26, 75 
 
 - passim 
 
 jun. - xlix. 76 
 
 xlix. 76 
 
 - xxxi. 
 7, 34, 42 
 
 - 51 
 59, 62 
 
 - 70 
 
 - 11 
 
 - 68 
 
 - 77 
 
 - 77 
 
 1. 
 
 - 9,76 
 
 - 77 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Crockernwell 
 Cromwell, Oliver- 
 - Henry 
 Crook, John 
 Crosier, John 
 Cross, Peter 
 Crosse, Edmund - 
 Crouch, Jaswell - 
 
 John 
 
 Nathaniel 
 
 Ruth 
 
 jun. 
 
 Crouch, William 8, 14, 17, 29, 54, 
 
 58, 66, 77. 
 
 Crow, William - - xix. xx. 
 
 jun. - xix. xx. 
 
 Crow's Green - - xx. 
 
 Cumberland - - 54, 55 
 
 Cuyper, Mart 30 
 
 Dalkeith - - - xxi. 
 
 Dantzic, - xxxv. 18, 24, 27, 32 
 
 Davage, John - - 68, 69, 72 
 
 Davey Moses 70 
 
 Davies, Richard 47 
 
 Davy, Ann 77 
 
 Dawson, John - 52
 
 84 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Day, John - 
 
 Richard 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Deacon, Daniel - 
 
 Deane, John 
 
 Debnam, Robert - 
 
 Dedham 
 
 De Home, John - 
 
 De Labadie, Jean 
 
 Dengie Hundred - 
 
 Denmark - 
 
 Derby 
 
 Dericks, Annekin xxxvi. xxxvii. 
 
 xxxviii. xxxix. xli. xliii. 
 
 Cornelis- - - xlv. 
 
 - Gertrude xiii. xxxvi. 
 
 xxxix. xl. xli. xlii. xliii. xliv. 
 
 13, 14, 15, 17, 23, 24 & ., 33, 
 
 36, 59, 60, 62. 
 
 Neisy xxxvi. xxxvii. xliv. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 - 71 
 
 - 77 
 
 - 71 
 
 - 72 
 
 - 79 
 
 - 69 
 
 - 68 
 
 - 73 
 22, 36 
 68, 72 
 
 xxxii. 
 
 - 36 
 
 33 
 
 Descartes, Ren6 - - xi. 21 
 Dewsbury, William - 12, 26, 36 
 Dickenson, Jonathan - - 52 
 Diersdorf - - - - 16 
 Disborrow (orDisbrough), Joan 68, 
 
 71. 
 
 Donaghadee 55 
 
 Doughty, John - - - 5 
 Dover- 46 
 
 Castle 43 
 
 Draton, Thomas - - - 7 
 Drawell 34 (2) 
 
 Dublin - - - - 55, 5 
 
 Marshalsea Prison - 57 
 
 New Garden - - 57 
 
 Duke of Albemarle 9 
 
 - Buckingham - - 46 
 Duke Charles of Munsterberg 1 6 
 Duke Frederick of Liegnitz - 16 
 
 of Lauderdale - - 2, 3 
 
 Duchess of Lauderdale - 22 
 Duncon, Robert - 59, 62 
 
 his wife - 59 
 
 Dunmow - xix. 70 
 
 Durham xxii. xxiii. xxxiii. 46, 55, 
 
 79. 
 Dusseldorf 38 
 
 Eade, George 68 
 
 East India Company - - 26 
 
 East Riding, Yorks - 25, 36, 47 
 
 Easton, Great or Much - 69 
 
 Eccleston. John 26 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Eccleston, Theodore - - 26 
 Edburton - 13 
 
 Edinburgh 51, 52 
 
 Edmundson, William - 57 
 
 Edwards, Dr. John - - 6 
 Earl of Lauderdale - - 3 
 Eldred, Justice - - xxv. 79 
 Electress Louise Juliana - 20 
 Electress Sophia of Hanover 20 
 Elligood, Richard - - 5 
 Ellis, John - - - xxxi. 71 
 Ellis, Thomas - 72 
 
 Eltom, Thomas - - 70, 72 
 Elways, Gervase- - 44 
 
 Ely, Isle of- - - - 5 
 Embden x. xxxii. xxxiv. 18, 24, 
 
 53, 64, 65, 78. 
 
 Emperor Constantino - - 49 
 Emson, John ... xix. 
 End,eavour, The - - - - 24 
 English, John 75 
 
 Ennemessike 53 
 
 Episcopius, Simon - - 80 
 Eppinghooft, L. H. Von -xxxii. 
 Essex- li., 6, 7, 27, 40, 44 
 
 Friends in xviii. xix. xx. 67 
 
 Evans, John - - - 4 
 
 Katherine - xxx. 4 
 
 Eve, John - - - 69, 70 
 
 Thomas - - -72 
 
 Evener, William- - - xix. 
 
 Everett, Matthew - - 74 
 
 Thomas- - 70, 74 
 Exeter - xxxi. 
 
 Falmouth - - - - xxxi. 
 Feedham, Edward xvii. 60, 61 
 Fell, Henry ... 70 
 Judge 41 
 Leonard 47 
 
 Margaret xxii. xliv. 1. 41, 70 
 Felsted xviii. xx. xxv. 6,67,69,70 
 Fenstanton- ... 5 
 Field, John- - - - xlix. 
 Fifth Monarchy men - - 27 
 Fisher, Samuel - - x. 8, 60 
 Fishlake - - - - 14 
 Fiskerton 47 
 
 Fogoe, Priest 54 
 
 Forster, Joseph - xx. 
 
 Fox, George xiv. xviii. xxii. xxvii. 
 
 xxxiv. xli. xlii. xlvi. xlvii. 1, 2, 
 
 3, 8, 12, 17, 18, 43, 45, 47, 50, 54, 
 
 55, 56, 58, 59.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 85 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Fox, George, the younger xiv. 19, 
 
 44. 
 
 Justice 45 
 
 Foxe, John- ... 37 
 Fletcher, Lancelot 54 
 
 Florida, Gulf of - - - 52 
 Flushing - - - - 32 
 Frederic, John 9 
 
 Frederickstadt - - xxxii. 18 
 Freeman, B. - - 31 
 
 Freemantel, Solomon 11, 18, 26, 
 
 49, 59, 74, 77 
 
 - Sarah - 18, 26 
 French, George 72 
 
 Friesland xxviii. xxxiii. xxxv. 1, 
 
 18, 27, 28, 35, 64, 78. 
 Froat, Nicholas 79 
 
 Fuce, Joseph - - 43, 60 
 Fuller, William - - - 10 
 Furly, Abigail - xliv. 
 
 Ann- - xliv. 59, 62 
 
 Benjamin xi. xli. 1,11,12, 
 
 18,22,29,43,49,59,78. 
 
 Elizabeth- - - 76 
 
 John xvii. xli. xliv. 1., 33, 
 
 34, 48, 49, 59, 60, 66, 71, 73, 74, 
 77. 
 Furnerius, Isaac 30 
 
 Gainer, Mary 
 Gal way 
 George I. - 
 II. - 
 
 4 
 
 56 
 
 20 
 
 liii. 
 
 General Meeting of Amsterdam 39 
 Germany xi. xxvii. xxix. xxxviii. 
 
 xxxix. xli. xlii. 12, 16, 17, 30, 
 
 38, 43, 62, 78. 
 
 Gestingthorpe 67 
 
 Gibson, William 45 
 
 Glasgow 51 
 
 Glastonbury ... xxx. 
 
 Goch 78 
 
 Gordon, Catherine - - 22 
 
 Sir Robert - - 22 
 
 Gould, Daniel - - -56 
 Gouldney, Henry - - xlvi. 
 Grand Pensionary - - 1, 20 
 Grant, Edward 68 
 
 the younger- 71 
 
 Gray, Margaret 68 
 
 Greece 13 
 
 Green, Elizabeth- - - 49 
 Gregory, Stoke St. - - xxxi. 
 Gregorian Calendar - - Hi. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Gressingham, Edward- - 19 
 Griesheim - - - xxix. 38 
 Groningen - - - x. xxix. 
 Groome, Samuel 53 
 
 Guildford - - xii. xxxv. 48 
 Gustavus Adolphus - - 34 
 Gwin, Mayor of Smithwick - 24 
 
 Haarlem, xxxiii. xlii. 18, 27, 29, 
 
 59, 60. 
 
 Haddock 14 
 
 Hadley, William- - - 75 
 
 Hadstock - - 67, 68, 69, 70 
 
 Hague, The - x. 12, 20, 32 
 
 Hall, John - 68 
 
 Hallaway, John - - 57, 74 
 
 Hale, John - 77 
 
 Sarah- -. - - 77 
 
 Halliday, James 51 
 
 Halls, Henry - 47 
 
 Elizabeth - 47 
 
 Halstead - - - - 6, 67 
 Ham - xviii. 
 
 Hamburg xxxii. xxxv. 13, 15, 18, 
 
 27, 52, 58. 
 Hampshire - 
 
 Hampton 
 Happenini, Jedaia 
 Harding, John - 
 Harlackenden, William 
 Harlingen - 
 Harmun, Matthias 
 Harper, D. - 
 
 Jane 
 
 Harrison, Edwin - 
 
 xxx. 8 
 
 - 56 
 15, 16 
 
 - 72 
 
 6 
 27, 78 
 
 - 29 
 
 - 42 
 
 - 42 
 
 - 71 
 
 - 42 
 
 - 31 
 
 - 57 
 
 - 59 
 
 - 53 
 
 Hart, Thomas 
 
 Hartford, Conn. - 
 
 Hartigfelt - 
 
 Harward, W. 
 
 Harwich x. xxv. xxxvi. xlii. 14, 
 
 19, 71, 78, 79. 
 
 Harwood, John - - 43, 78 
 Harvey, John 70 
 
 Hasbert, Dr. - - xxxiv. 18 
 Hassell, Samuel - 
 Hatfield - 
 
 Havens, John 
 
 Mary 
 
 William- 
 Hawk, Arthur 
 Hawkins, John - 
 
 Samuel 
 
 Hayes, Mr. - 
 
 71, 
 
 14 
 74 
 
 59 
 71 
 
 78 
 40
 
 86 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Headington ... X xx. 
 Heidelberg - xxix. xlii. 20, 38 
 Helstone - xxxi. 
 Hendricks, Elizabeth xlii. 13, 15, 
 16,17,23,36. 
 
 T5^+rt* vmi Till "1 ^ 
 
 Inquisition - 
 Ipswich xxvi. xxxii. liv 
 78, 79. 
 Ireland - 4, 52, 53, 
 Ismaed, Arthur - 
 Isaac, John 
 Italy - --- 
 
 Jacobites - 
 Jacobs, J. - 
 
 PAGE 
 
 - 71 
 
 31, 43, 59, 
 
 55, 56, 57 
 
 - XXX. 
 
 - 67 
 - 13 
 
 xlviii. 
 xxxii. 13 
 13, 33, 64 
 - 52 
 xi. 20, 22 
 xlvi. 36 
 13, 18, 43 
 - 78 
 - 53 
 - 34 
 9 
 . - 25 
 - 25 
 - xix. 
 - 38 
 - 58 
 - Hi. 
 
 12, 16, 42 
 xlii. 23 
 2 
 - 62 
 ix. xl. 
 - 36 
 - 55 
 - 20 
 - 21 
 - xxxi. 
 - 51 
 27, 41, 43 
 51, 52 
 - 26 
 - 62 
 - 72 
 - xxxi. 
 
 73, 75 
 - 50 
 - xxx. 
 xxi. 3, 50 
 25, 26, 62 
 - 56 
 xxx. xxxi. 
 - 30 
 - xix. 
 8, 68, 70 
 
 15, 18, 24, 30, 33, 45, 58, 59, 
 62, 63. 
 Herfcrd, or Herwerden 19,21,23, 
 36. 
 Hertford - 59 
 Hertfordshire - - 25, 29 
 Heus, Peter - - - 15 
 Hide, Edmund - xxx. 
 Higgins, John - - 58, 62 
 Highelere, Hants - 26 
 Hillier, Mr. ... 40 
 Hills, Judge - - - 7 
 Thomas - xxx. 
 Hind, a tanner - - - 5 
 Hitchcock, William - - xxx. 
 Hix (or Hicks), John - xlvi. 77 
 Hodson, Matthew - - 68 
 Holderness- - - 25, 47 
 Holland x. xi. xii. xxvii. xxviii. 
 xxix. xxxii. xxxiii. xxxiv. xxxv. 
 xxxvi. xxxviii. xxxix. xl. xli. 
 xlii. xliii. xlix. 1, 11, 12, 18, 21, 
 30, 32, 35, 42, 44, 45, 48, 58, 59, 
 60, 64, 66. 
 Holinton ... - xxx. 
 Holm - - - - 51 
 Holstein - xxxii. xxxv. 1, 28 
 Hookes, Ellis 8 
 Home, Richard - - 10 
 Homes, Countess - - 22 
 Horkesley - 69 
 Horsleydown - - xxvii. 
 Howgill, Francis xxvii. 8, 50 
 Howlett, Richard - - 79 
 Hubbersty, Stephen - - 68 
 Hubberthorn, Richard - - 3, 55 
 Huberts, Wiardi - 53 
 Hudson, William - - 72 
 Hull - - - - 29, 47 
 Hurnber - liv. 
 Hungary - - - 16, 46 
 Huntingdonshire - 5, 7, 51 
 Hurst 19 
 Hutchinson, Dorothy - 25, 36 
 
 Thnrrnn fi Q 
 
 JafEray, Andrew - 
 James I. - - - 
 
 Jamaica ... 
 Jansen, Ab. 
 .tiester - - 
 
 A/lrt T*tT 
 
 iviary 
 Jenner Thomas - 
 Jersey, East 
 Wr"-t 
 
 Jesper, John 
 John, Martin 
 Johnson, Katherine 
 Julian Calendar - 
 
 Keith, George xli. xlii. 
 
 Kember, Johannes 
 Kendal ... 
 Kendall, John 
 Kent - - - - 
 Kilkenny - 
 King of Bohemia 
 
 Pnlinrl 
 
 Kingsbridge 
 King's Ripton 
 Kingston ... 
 Kingswell - 
 Kleermaker, Edward de 
 Knoll, Jan Kornelis 
 Knowls, John 
 Kynance ... 
 
 Lamb, Henry 
 Lambert, Colonel 
 Lambourne 
 Lancashire - 
 Lancaster - - xlvi. 
 Lancaster, James 
 Land's End- 
 Landtsmeer 
 Lane, John- 
 Langley, Ann 
 
 Inglishcombe ... 4 
 Indians 52 
 Ingall, John - - 71
 
 INDEX. 
 
 87 
 
 PAG 8 
 
 Langley, Peter 48 
 Latemus, Canon James - 30 
 
 Laubgrund 38 
 
 Launceston- - - xxxi. 48 
 
 Lawrence, John - - 11 
 
 Lawrie, Gawen - - 24, 25 
 
 George - -11,29(2) 
 
 Lawson, Thomas x. 
 
 Wilfrey - - 5 
 
 Lea, Thomas 72 
 
 Lead, Mrs. Jane 35 
 
 Leader, Samuel - - - 69 
 
 Leavens, John 47 
 
 Leclerc, Jean 12 
 
 Lee, Dr. Francis- - - 36 
 
 Leeuwarden - xxxiii. 33, 64 
 Leghorn ... 4 
 
 Lemon, John 39 
 
 Margaret - - 39 
 
 . Nicholas- - - 39 
 
 Sarah - - - 39 
 
 Thomas - 39 
 
 Lenz 38 
 
 Letchworth, Robert 79 
 
 Levitt, Joseph ... xix. 
 Lexden - xl. 75 
 
 Leyden - 30, 58, 59, 60, 62 
 Limborch, Philip van - 12 
 
 Lincoln - - - liv. 27, 47 
 Lincolnshire - xxi. liv. 46, 47 
 Linde, Thomas - - - 11 
 Littleport - - - - 5 
 Lizard, the xxxi. 
 
 Locke, John xi. 12 
 
 Lodge, John - - 24, 62 
 
 Robert - - 47, 54, 55 
 
 London, xviii. xxviii. xxx. xxxii. 
 
 xxxv. xlvi. xlvii. 1, 7, 8, 14, 
 16, 18, 19, 25, 40, 41, 42, 44, 56, 
 58, 62. 
 
 All Hallows, Lombard Street 
 13; Bishopsgate 58; Broad Street 
 Ward 9; Bull & Mouth, Aldgate 
 4 ; Cheapside 43, 54 ; Covent 
 Garden 40 ; Crown Court xlviii. 
 9, 40 ; Devonshire House xxii. 
 xxxv. xlviii. 1. 57, 56, 65, 78 ; 
 Devonshire Square 51 ; Finch 
 Lane 9 ; Fleet Prison 69 ; Grace- 
 church Street xlviii. 1. 9, 54, 66 ; 
 Grafton Street 37 ; Houndsditch 
 44 ; Lambeth House 19 ; Mayor 
 of 9 ; Newgate 4, 36, 47, 57 ; 
 Old Bailey 18 ; Peel Meeting 9 ; 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Plaistow Meeting 17 ; Poultry 
 Compter 9 ; St. Bennets 9 ; St. 
 Bennet Fink 9 ; Tower 43 ; 
 Turner's Hall 13 ; Vere Street 
 40 ; Westminster 69 ; West- 
 minster Gate House 9 ; White- 
 hall 8 ; White Hart Court xlvi. 9 ; 
 White Lion, Southwark 43. 
 Londonderry 54 
 
 Long, Parson 78 
 
 Longford - xxx. 
 
 Long Island 56 
 
 Longworth, Roger - - 38 
 Lorton - - 54 
 
 Losevelt, Adrain van xxxix. xl. 
 xli. 59. 
 
 Cornelis xliv. xlv. xlix. 
 
 77. 
 
 Gertrude, jun. xlix. 77 
 
 Lower, Humphrey - - xxxi. 
 
 Loweswater 54 
 
 Lucas, Nicholas 25 
 
 Luther, Martin - - 16, 17 
 Lutherans - - 2, 15, 16, 17 
 
 Luton ... - 59 
 
 Lynn liv. 43 
 
 Macronam, Johannem - - 53 
 Maddock, Benjamin - - 69 
 Maitland - 39 
 
 Malam, Bartholomew - - xxx. 
 Maldonat, Jean - - 37 & n 
 
 Malta 4 
 
 Mansfield, Edward - - xix. 
 
 John - - xx. 
 
 Marier . ... 53 
 Marriage, Francis xix. xxv. 70 
 Marks Tey ... 69 
 
 Marlborough - - - xxx. 
 Marlow, William - xxxvi. 71 
 
 Grace - - xxxvi. 
 
 Martin, William - - xxv. 37 
 Maryland, 29, 30, 31, 36, 48, 53, 56 
 
 Marywood, Widow - - 40 
 
 Mason, Martin 13 
 
 Massy, J. - - - - 42 
 
 Methsias, Archduke - - 53 
 
 Meath 54 
 
 Meeting for Sufferings 29, 67 
 
 Meers, Sir Thomas - - 40 
 
 Melton Gaol - - 11 
 
 Membury - xxxi. 
 
 Mendlesham 59 
 
 Menno Simons - xxvii. xxix. 27
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Mennonites - 
 Metz 
 Milford Haven - 
 Moate 
 Molleson, Gilbert 
 
 PAGE 
 
 16,27,28,66 
 - 38 
 - 56 
 - 54 
 - 52 
 - 52 
 8 
 r. xxvi. 46, 74 
 - 59 
 58, 74 
 - 38 
 - - - 26 
 - 69 
 - 72 
 - 58 
 - 71 
 - 39 
 - 39 
 xvii. 68 
 - xxxi. 
 - 55 
 - 32 
 - 32 
 - 32 
 - 48 
 - 70 
 - 55 
 - 36 
 
 50, 51 
 
 - XXX. 
 
 - 52 
 41, 53, 56, 58 
 - 31 
 - liii. 
 xiii., 56 
 - xxiv. 
 ^ee Dericks. 
 liv., 47 
 25, 36 
 - 51 
 - xxii. 
 43,45 
 - 10 
 - 10 
 - liv. 
 3 
 - -' 4, 5 
 
 - XXX. 
 
 - xxxii. 15 
 1 
 - 32 
 - 38 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Osborne, Thomas - - 75 
 Osgood, John 24 
 
 Thnrms .. ft 
 
 Osyth, St. - - xiv. xxxvi. 
 Owis (or Howis), Solomon - 39 
 Owstwicke - - - 25, 36, 47 
 
 Page, Anthony 70 
 Painter, Mary - - 39 
 Palatinate, the 20 
 Palsgrave, the - - - xxix. 
 Palmer, William- - - 71 
 Parke, James 17, 45, 47, 62, 63 
 Parker, Alexander - 29, 45 
 Parliament - - - 51, 52 
 
 Moore Thomas - 
 Moore, William XXT 
 Moort 
 Morffe, Robert - 
 Mors - 
 Mortlake 
 Morrell, Edward - 
 
 Morris, Lewis 
 Mosse, Thomas - 
 Mosyer, John 
 Mott, Councillor - 
 William 
 Mount, Thomas - 
 Mountmellick 
 Miigge, Michael - 
 
 Parnel, James xvii. xxxiii. xxxiv. 
 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 70. 
 Patridge (or Partridge), John 71 
 Peachey, John - - . xix. liv. 
 
 Prtrr 79 
 
 Snmnr-1 TO 
 
 Peeke, Thomas 70 
 Pelham, Herbert - - 6 
 Penn, William ix. x. xii. xli. xiii. 
 xliii. xlvii. 2, 12, 17, 22, 24, 64. 
 Pennington, I. - - 43 
 Pennslyvania xii. xiii. xlvii. 17, 
 18, 42, 52. 
 Pennyman, John - - 24 
 Pensionary, the - - 1, 2, 12 
 Penton-by-Wayhill - - 8 
 Perrot, John - - 13, 56 
 Perry, Griffen - - - 72 
 Person (or Pierson), Lambert 33 
 Pettit, Michael 71 
 Philadelphia - - 24, 52 
 Philadelphians 36 
 Philadelphia Quakers - - 12 
 Philley, John - - 43, 46 
 Philpot Lane ... 49 
 Pickering, William - - 5 
 Place, Francis 51 
 Plumstead, Nathaniel - - 71 
 Plymouth - xxxi. 24 
 Poland .... 32 
 Pollard, John 69 
 
 
 Muggleton, Ludovic 
 Mumford, Robert 
 Munster 
 Mysticism - 
 
 Nayler, James - 
 Neat, Thomas - 
 Newcastle - 
 New England 30, 
 New Jersey 
 New Style - 
 New York - 
 Nicholas, John - 
 Niesen, Gertrude <i 
 Norfolk 
 Northampton 
 Northumberland - 
 Norton 
 
 Mary 
 
 Norwich 
 Castle 
 
 Nottingham 
 
 Oare - 
 Oldebergh - 
 Oldeslow - 
 Opauki, Albertus 
 Orlingen 
 
 Polybius 52 
 Poludamus, Theodorus - 33 
 Pomfrett, Henry- - liv. 77 
 Poole - --. xxxi. 
 Samuel - - 47 
 Christopher 47
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Pool, Simon de - - 32, 66 
 Pope, the - - - - 13 
 Portsmouth- - xxx. xxxi. 43 
 Potter, James 69 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Roelofs, Peter - - 15- 
 Rofe, George - - 30, 31, 69 
 Rogers, John - - - xxx. 
 Rolf, John .... 72 
 Rome ... xxiii., 13 
 Ross, Alexander 79" 
 Rotterdam xxvii. xxviii. xxxii. 
 xxxv. 12, 14, 16, 18, 28, 30, 58,. 
 59, 62. 
 
 John 7 
 
 Prache, Hilary - 15, 16, 17, 28 
 Prigge, Nicholas 71 
 Prince Palatine 38 
 
 Riinort 99 M 
 
 Princes Island 35 
 Princess Elizabeth xi. xlii. 2, 19, 
 23, 36. 
 
 - . - T.mii^r 90 
 
 Rous, John xi. xliii. 40, 41, 5& 
 Lieut.-Col. - - - 41 
 Margaret - - xi. 41 
 
 Saffron Walden - 31, 67, 69, 70- 
 Salem 57 
 
 Proclamation of Toleration - 53 
 Providence 57 
 Puritans - 6 
 Pyl, Simon van der - - 32 
 
 Quedlinburg x. 
 Quennell, John 77 
 Quick, Richard 71 
 
 .Willinm 71 
 
 Salisbury - - 4 
 Salmeron, Alfonso - 37 
 Salmon, John 72 
 Salthouse, Thomas - - xxxi. 
 Samrns, John - - - 6, 7 
 Sanders, Avery 75 
 Sandford - ... xxxi. 
 Sandown 43- 
 Sandwich ... - 56 
 Sawyer, Sir Robert - - 26 
 Saxlingham- 47 
 Sayer, Gyles 49" 
 Scotland xi. xxi. xliv. xlvii. 22, 
 51, 52, 55. 
 Scott, Sir Walter- - - 42 
 Schwaner, Mark - - - 38- 
 Schwenksfeld, Caspar - 16, 17 
 Schwenksfelden - - 16 
 Shaftesbury, Lord - - 12 
 Shaw, Sir John - 37 
 John ... 73 
 Shortland, Susan- - - 31 
 TVmmnfl fift 71 1\ 
 
 Radhams, John 70 
 Raoul, Noah ... 42 
 Rasleton .... 10 
 Ray, John - - - - 5 
 Read, James 74 
 Samuel 71 
 Reading .... xxx. 
 Redruth - ... xxxi. 
 Reformation, the - - 17 
 Regensburg 38 
 Rendlesham - - - 11 
 Retford .... 5 
 Reynolds, John 69 
 Rhine, the ... -xxxv. 
 Rhode Island 56 
 Riggs, Anna - - - 10 
 
 FlirwiKntVi in 
 
 Schinkhausen 38- 
 Silesia ... 38- 
 Simmons, Martha 6& 
 Simson, William - - 69* 
 Simon, John 71 
 Simpson, William - - 69- 
 Sitses, Dowie - - - 33- 
 Skillingham, Samuel - - 68- 
 Seabrook, Sarah - - - 7& 
 Sedbergh - 34 
 Sewel, Bedfordshire - 59- 
 
 TrkVin fiT 
 
 . Frlwnrrl O 11 
 
 . . , 'vi ri Vi (I 
 
 
 Ringwood .... xxxi. 
 Ripon 55 
 Roberts, Gerard 8 
 Robinson, Thomas - - 45 
 Robinson the persecutor - xxxi. 
 Roelofs, Barent 33 
 Cornelius 33, 34, 59, 64 
 
 
 
 Jan li., 13, 18, 24, 45 
 
 26, 27, 59.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Sewell, Richard - 
 
 PAGK 
 
 - 73 
 
 - 72 
 - 72 
 - 40 
 
 - XXX. 
 
 - xxxv. 69 
 - 60 
 xx. 69 
 - xix. xxxii. 
 - 72 
 - _8 
 -xxxii. 
 - xlii. 
 - 74 
 -xxvii. 
 - 21 
 - xxxi. 
 -67, 72 
 -27, 47 
 6 
 - 20 
 - 25 
 - 43 
 - - 6, 7 
 
 - XXX. 
 
 -68, 70 
 
 - XXV. 
 
 - 57 
 - xix. 
 6, 41, 69, 70 
 -69, 72 
 - 73 
 - 71 
 - 34 
 -25, 26 
 - 25 
 - 25, 26, 47 
 -xiv. xxxvi. 
 - xxvii. 56 
 - 13 
 - 79 
 - liv. 5, 43 
 -51,54 
 ui. 43, 48, 56 
 -13, 19 
 -xxxii. 
 - 26 
 -xxxii. 
 - 41 
 - xi. 12, 29 
 
 - 54 
 - xliv. 76 
 - 16 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Taunton ... - xxxi. 
 Taylor, C. - 42 
 Tees - - - - liv. 
 Teeles, B. - - - - 33 
 Telner, Jacob - - 12, 13, 18 
 Tenison, Archbishop - - 13 
 Teutschel - 16 
 Tey, Great - - - - xlvi. 
 Thatcher, Priest 56 
 Thaxted - - xviii. 69, 72 
 Thomas, Leisy 34 
 Thorncomb- - xxxi. 
 Thorne ... 14 
 
 TVTinln^l 71 
 
 
 'Seymour, Mr. 
 Slaughterford 
 Smith, Andrew - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Socinians - 
 Solly, Jeptha 
 Somersetshire 
 Sorbiere, Samuel 
 Southampton 
 Southminster 
 Spalding 
 Sparrow, William 
 Spinola, Marquis - 
 Staffordshire 
 St. Alban's 
 Stalham, John - 
 Staines 
 Starnmage, Ann - 
 Stanway 
 Starling, Sir Samuel 
 Start, John- 
 Stebbing - xix. xx. 
 Steeple 
 Stephen, Mark - 
 Stinton, Jo. 
 Storey, John 
 Storr, Dorothy - 
 Joseph 
 
 Thurloe, Secretary - - 51 
 Thurston, Thomas - - 53 
 Tiler, Aunt - 45 
 Tollesbury - 72 
 Topsham - - - xxxi. 
 Torkington, Robert - . - 49 
 Totnes - xxxi. 
 Townsend, Simon - - xxii. 
 Toyspell (or Tayspill), Giles 59 
 Treesmere - xxxi. 
 Tregonsenes ... xxxi. 
 Truro - xxxi. 
 Turks xxxvi. 
 Tuke, Samuel ... Hi. 
 Turner, John 72 
 
 Twisden, Judge 46 
 Two Weeks' Meeting - xxxvi. 15 
 Tynemouth Castle - - 34 
 Tyrconnell, Lord - - 53 
 
 Ulm 17 
 Ulster 55 
 Upsher, Thomas 42 
 
 Vanderwall, John - 14, 71 
 Daniel 49 77 
 
 St. Osyth - 
 Stubbs, John 
 Stynter 
 Sudbury 
 Suffolk 
 Sunderland 
 Surrey xx: 
 Sussex 
 Swanmore - 
 Swansea 
 Sweden 
 Swinton, John - 
 Sydney, Algernon 
 
 Talantyre - 
 Talcot, Anna 
 Tauler, Johann - 
 
 
 Vanderwey, John - 29 (2) 
 Vane, Sir Harry 50 
 Van Helmont, Franciscus M. 15 
 Van Losevelt, Adrian - - 33 
 Van Tongere, Bade - 15, 24 
 Vaughton, John 45 
 Velthusyen, Lambert van - 39 
 Vicars, John, Mayor - xviii. 68 
 Virginia - - - 30, 48, 56 
 
 Wakering, Justice Dionysius 6 
 Wales 52, 56
 
 INDEX. 
 
 91 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Waller, Matthew- - - 76 
 
 TfirVinrrJ 7fi 77 
 
 Wickens, William 
 Wickombruck 
 Widders, Robert 
 Wilkinson, John- 
 W T illiam the Silent 
 Williams, Roger - 
 
 PAOB 
 
 9 
 5 
 - 56 
 27,34 
 - 20 
 - 57 
 - 72 
 - xxx. 
 - 6 
 xxxii. 
 xxx. 48 
 xviii. 6 
 - 27 
 - 17 
 - 79 
 - 30 
 10, 11 
 17(2) 
 - 17 
 - 78 
 4 
 - 44 
 - 42 
 ix. 16, 38 
 
 43, 60, 62 
 a 
 
 
 Wallis, Elizabeth - - xxx. 
 
 - -- Thomas - - 69 
 
 Walney Island 50 
 Waltham - xviii. 
 Wandsworth - - xlviii. 
 Waraedistel, Felis - - 27 
 Wardell, Robert - - 51, 52, 54 
 Warner, Sarah 44 
 Warsaw (Warschau) - - 32 
 Warwick - - - 25, 26, 36 
 Warwick, Priest - - 54 
 Waterlander Mennonites - 16 
 Watts, Mary ... 76 
 Weatherley, George, 18, 44, 59, 60, 
 62, 71, 73. 
 Webb, John - - 70 
 Weigel, Val. (Wegelius) - 2 
 Welsh, William - - 8, 17, 24 
 Zachary - - - 71 
 Werstadt 38 
 Weston, William - xxx. 29 
 West of England xxx. 14, 57 
 West Indies 52 
 Westmoreland - xxi. 
 West Riding, Yorks - 14, 42 
 West River - 56 
 Wexford - 55 
 Weymouth - xxxi. 
 Whitehead, John 46, 47 
 
 Williamscote 
 Willis, Priest 
 Winchester 
 Winterbourne 
 Witham - 
 Witmarsum 
 Wittenberg 
 Witts, Herman - 
 Woerden - 
 Woodbridge 
 W T oolley, Ezekiel 
 
 William 
 
 Worcester - 
 Wormingford Lodge - 
 Worminghurst - 
 Worms - - xx 
 
 Yarmouth - - xxvi. 
 Yealand - 
 
 Yeomans, Isabel - - xlii. 23 
 Yoakley, Thomas - - 40 
 York - xxi. 14, 34, 36, 46, 47 
 Yorkshire xxi. xxxiii. xxxiv. 
 xxxv. 27, 47, 50, 55. 
 
 Zieriksee - 64 
 Zinspenninff, Judith xi. xiv. 26, 
 27, 59, 60. 
 Zurich - - - 28 
 
 3, 8, 14, 15, 29, 45, 51, 53, 57, 
 
 64. 
 Whitehaven 55
 
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