THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 ' 
 
 V
 
 A 
 
 CONCISE DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ENDOWED GRAMMAR SCHOOLS 
 
 IN 
 
 ENGLAND AND WALES; 
 
 ORNAMENTED WITH ENGRAVINGS. 
 
 M 
 BY 
 
 NICHOLAS CARLISLE, F. R. S., M. R. I. A., 
 
 ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN TO HIS MAJESTY, 
 
 AND FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY OF 
 ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 BEDFORD LINCOLN. 
 
 Institutus liberaliter educatione doctrin&que puerili. 
 
 CICERO de Ora. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 miNTED FOR BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY, 
 
 PATERNOSTER-ROW ; 
 BY W. BULMER AND CO-, CLEVELAND-ROW, ST. JAMES'S. 
 
 1818.
 
 VJ 
 
 TO 
 
 HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY, 
 
 CHARLOTTE 
 
 QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 
 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 MADAM, 
 
 Tliis attempt to describe The Endowed 
 Grammar Schools is with humility and devotion 
 dedicated to YOUR MAJESTY, as the Illustrious 
 Exemplar of Piety, Virtue, and the beneficial 
 effects of Learning, now so diligently and suc- 
 cessfully taught to the Youth of this happy 
 Kingdom. 
 
 That YOUR MAJESTY'S protecting favour may 
 long continue to inspire and exalt the deserving 
 Scholar, is the ardent Prayer of, 
 
 YOUR MAJESTY'S, 
 
 Most dutiful, and devoted Subject, 
 and Servant, 
 
 Queen's Palace, 
 
 Library, NICHOLAS CARLISLE. 
 
 19th May, 1818.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 IT has justly been observed, that Nations, as well 
 as particular Persons, have their Infancy, in which 
 they are not only small and weak, but also rude 
 and ignorant. Even those Nations which have 
 arrived at the highest degree of power and great- 
 ness, and have been most renowned for all the at- 
 tributes of Civilization, when traced up to their 
 infant state, are found to have been equally feeble 
 and illiterate. We need not, therefore, be sur- 
 prised to find, nor ashamed to own, that there 
 was a time, when the Inhabitants of this Island 
 were divided into a great many petty States or 
 Tribes, each of them consisting of rude unlettered 
 Savages. a 
 
 The Historians of all those Empires which have 
 become great and eminent, have taken much 
 pains in discovering and describing the progress 
 of their arms, the enlargement of their territories,, 
 
 * Henry's Hist, of Great Brit. vol. 1. p. 245, et passim.
 
 Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 and the increase of their power and grandeur; but, 
 unhappily, they have not taken the same pains in 
 tracing and delineating the cultivation of their in- 
 tellectual faculties, and their gradual improve- 
 ments in Learning and useful Knowledge. While 
 the exploits of every victorious Prince and General, 
 who had contributed to the aggrandizement of 
 his Country, have been recorded with the greatest 
 care, and extolled with the highest praises ; the 
 very names of those peaceful Sages, who had 
 enlarged the empire of reason, had improved the 
 minds, and polished the manners of their Fellow- 
 Citizens, have hardly found a place in the Annals 
 of their Country. 
 
 It is impossible that Learning can flourish, in 
 any degree, in any Country, without Schools for 
 the Education of Youth, provided with proper 
 Teachers, and under proper Regulations. We may 
 therefore conclude in general, that the ancient 
 BRITONS had such Seminaries of Learning among 
 them, before they were conquered by the Romans. 
 Of this we have also sufficient positive evidence in 
 the Greek and Roman Writers, and information 
 of several particulars relating to the constitution 
 and circumstances of these most ancient Estab- 
 lishments, both in Gaul and Britain. It appears 
 from these Writers, that those Schools of Learn- 
 ing were wholly under the direction of the Druids, 
 who were the only governors and teachers in 
 them, to whose care the education of youth was 
 entirely committed. These Druidical Institutions,
 
 PREFACE. IX 
 
 particularly those of Britain, were very much 
 crowded with Students ; as many of the Youth 
 of Gaul came over to finish their Education in 
 this Island. And, it is said, that one of the most 
 celebrated of them was in the Isle of Anglesea. 
 
 JULIUS AGRICOLA, who was advanced to the 
 Government of BRITAIN in the year 78, was, how- 
 ever, the first of the Roman Governors, who gave 
 any considerable attention to the concerns of 
 Learning. This illustrious person being not only 
 one of the greatest Generals, but also one of the 
 best and most learned men of the age in which he 
 lived, took great pains to reconcile the Provincial 
 Britons to the Roman Government, by intro- 
 ducing amongst them the Roman Arts and 
 Sciences. With this view he persuaded the Noble 
 Youth of Britain to learn the Latin language, and 
 to apply to the study of the Roman eloquence. 
 These persuasions were successful, because they 
 were seasonable ; and the British youth being 
 deprived of their former Instructors, by the de- 
 struction and expulsion of the Druids, which hap- 
 pened about this time, willingly put themselves 
 under those Teachers who were provided for them 
 by the Romans. At length the knowledge of 
 Latin became one of the first and most indispen- 
 sable branches of a liberal education ; and that 
 language was so generally understood and spoken 
 in this Island, that, according to GILDAS, " Britain 
 might then have been more properly called a 
 Roman than a British Island."
 
 X PREFACE. 
 
 After Learning had flourished in Provincial 
 Britain, from the end of the first to the middle of 
 the fourth Century, it then begun to decline, and 
 by various means was reduced^to a very languish- 
 ing state, before the arrival of the Saxons. b 
 
 It is in vain to seek for Learning, or learned 
 Men, among the SAXONS, at that period. For, 
 although they were not absolute strangers to the 
 use of letters, yet, like all the other Northern 
 Nations, they were so much addicted to plunder- 
 ing and piratical expeditions, that they despised 
 the peaceful pursuits of Science. Their arrival, 
 therefore, in this Island was so far from being fa- 
 vourable to the cause of Learning, that the veiy 
 last sparks of it were almost extinguished in all 
 those parts where their arms prevailed ; in which 
 the most profound darkness reigned, until after 
 the introduction of Christianity. 
 
 As the youth in those parts of England which 
 had embraced the CHRISTIAN RELIGION, begun to 
 apply to Learning with some eagerness in the 
 Seventh century, several Schools were then estab- 
 lished for their instruction : one of the most illus- 
 trious of them being that of Canterbury, which 
 was founded by AUGUSTINE, the Apostle of the 
 English, and his Companions, and greatly improved 
 by Archbishop THEODORE. 
 
 One thing that retarded the progress of Learn- 
 ing in England, and made the acquisition of liter - 
 
 b Henry's Hist, of Great Brit. vol. 2. p. 312. et passim.
 
 PREFACE. XI 
 
 ary knowledge extremely difficult in this Century, 
 was, the scarcity of Bools, which had been either 
 earned away by the Romans, or so entirely de- 
 stroyed by the Scots, Picts, and Saxons, that it 
 may be doubted whether there was so much as 
 one Book left in England before the arrival of 
 AUGUSTINE. Nor was this deficiency easily sup- 
 plied, as there was a necessity of bringing them all 
 from foreign countries, and chiefly from Rome, 
 where they could not be procured without great 
 difficulty, and a most incredible expense. At this 
 rate, none but Kings, Bishops, and Abbots, could 
 be possessed of any Books ; which is the reason, 
 that there were then no Schools but in Kings' 
 Palaces, Bishops' Seats, or Monasteries. ALCUI- 
 NUS, who was the Keeper of the noble Library 
 which was founded at York by Archbishop EGBERT, 
 speaks of it in several of his Letters, as one of the 
 most choice and valuable collections of Books 
 then in the world. " Oh ! that I had," says he in 
 a Letter to the Emperor CHARLEMAGNE, " the use 
 of those admirable Books on all parts of Learning, 
 which I enjoyed in my native country, collected 
 by the industry of my beloved Master EGBERT. 
 May it please your Imperial Majesty, in your great 
 wisdom, to permit me to send some of our Youth 
 to transcribe the most valuable Books in that 
 Library, and thereby transplant the flowers of 
 BRITAIN into FRANCE." 
 The reign of ALFRED THE GREAT, from the year
 
 Xll PREFACE. 
 
 871 to the year 901, is a most memorable period 
 in the Annals of Learning, and affords more 
 materials for literary history than two or three 
 Centuries either before or after. Prior to the 
 accession of this extraordinary Monarch, all the 
 Seminaries of Learning- in England were laid in 
 ashes. These were the Monasteries and Bishops' 
 Seats, (where Schools had been kept for the edu- 
 cation of Youth, chiefly for the Church,) which 
 were so universally destroyed by the DANES, that 
 hardly one of them was left standing. This great 
 Prince, sensible how impossible it was to revive 
 Learning, "without providing Schools for the edu- 
 cation of youth, repaired the old Monasteries, and 
 built new ones, instituting a School in each of 
 them for that purpose. 
 
 But in these Monastic and Episcopal Schools, 
 both in England and in other Countries of Europe, 
 the youth were only taught reading, writing, the 
 Latin language, and Church-Music, to fit them for 
 performing the public offices of the Church; except 
 in a very few, where some were taught Arithmetic, 
 to enable them to manage the Secular affairs of 
 their Societies, and others instructed in Rhetoric 
 and Theology, to assist them in declaiming to the 
 People. 
 
 Although these Schools prevented the total ex- 
 tinction of literary knowledge among the Christian 
 Clergy in those dark times, they contributed very 
 little to the improvement of the Sciences, or the
 
 PREFACE. Xlll 
 
 diffusion of Learning among the Laity, who were 
 left almost entirely without the means of acquir- 
 ing any degree of Literature. 
 
 When ALFRED, therefore, formed the noble de- 
 sign of rendering Learning both more perfect and 
 more general, he was under the necessity of insti- 
 tuting Schools on a different and more extensive 
 plan ; in which all the Sciences that were then 
 known, should be taught by the best Masters that 
 could be procured, to the Laity as well as to the 
 Clergy. Hence the Foundation of our Two UNI- 
 SITIES, the most Illustrious Seats of Learning in 
 the World. 
 
 Having thus founded and endowed Schools, 
 and provided them with proper Masters, he next 
 endeavoured to fill them with suitable Scholars ; 
 which was not the easiest part of his work in that 
 rude age, when Learning was holden in such con- 
 tempt, especially by the Nobility. But this illi- 
 beral and barbarous disdain for letters, he effec- 
 tually overcame in a little time, by his own 
 Example", by speaking on all occasions in praise 
 of Learning, and by making it the great road to 
 preferment both in Church and State. And still 
 further to diffuse a taste for knowledge, and to 
 transmit it to posterity, he made a Law, obliging 
 all Freeholders who possessed two Hides of land, 
 or upwards, to send their sons to School, and give 
 them a liberal education. 
 
 By these wise measures this most excellent 
 Prince made a total change in the sentiments of
 
 XIV PREFACE. 
 
 his subjects. The old Nobility bewailed their un- 
 happiness in being ignorant of letters, and some 
 of them applied to study in a very advanced age ; 
 while all took care to send their sons and young 
 relations to those Schools provided for them by 
 the wisdom and munificence of their Sovereign. 
 
 Hence Learning revived and flourished to such 
 a degree in the course of this glorious reign, that, 
 before the end of it, ALFRED could boast, that all 
 his Bishops' Sees were filled by Prelates of great 
 learning, and every Pulpit in England furnished 
 with a good Preacher. So astonishing are the 
 effects which a great and good Prince, animated 
 with an ardent zeal for the happiness of his Sub- 
 jects, can produce, not only in the circumstances, 
 but in the very spirit and character of a Nation! 
 
 But that gleam of light, which appeared in 
 England towards the conclusion of the Ninth 
 Century, was not of long continuance ; for as this 
 was chiefly owing to the extraordinary genius and 
 unwearied efforts of ALFRED, as soon as these 
 were removed by the death of that Prince, in the 
 first year of the Tenth Century, learning begun to 
 languish and decline. 
 
 EDWARD, his eldest son and successor, had been 
 educated with great care ; but not having the 
 same genius and taste for study as his Illustrious 
 Father, he did not prove so great a Patron of 
 learning and of learned men. 
 
 The Danes, too, those destructive enemies of 
 Science and Civilization, no sooner heard of the
 
 PREFACE. XV 
 
 death of ALFRED, than they renewed their ravages ; 
 which they continued, with little interruption, for 
 many years. 
 
 Besides this, the learned men collected by AL- 
 FRED from different countries, dying soon after 
 their Royal Patron, were not succeeded by men of 
 equal knowledge. And these, and several other 
 unfavourable circumstances, gave a fatal check 
 to the liberal and studious spirit which had been 
 excited in the late reign ; and the English by de- 
 grees relapsed into their former ignorance, and 
 contempt of learning. 
 
 The restoration of the ancient line of the ANGLO- 
 SAXON Kings, in the year 1041, in the person of 
 EDWARD The Confessor, was an event favourable 
 to learning. For although EDWARD was not a 
 great Prince, he was not unlearned for the age in 
 which he lived, nor inattentive to the interests of 
 learning. He repaired the injuries done to Ox- 
 ford by his predecessor HAROLD, which, in his 
 reign, according to INGULPHUS, seems to have 
 been the chief Seminary of learning in England. 
 
 " I was born," says INGULPHUS, " in England, 
 and of English Parents, in the beautiful city of 
 London ; educated in letters in my tender years 
 at Westminster ; from whence I was afterwards 
 sent to the Study of Oxford ; where I made greater 
 progress in the Aristotelian philosophy than many 
 of my Contemporaries, and became very well ac- 
 quainted with the Rhetoric of Cicero." This Author 
 further acquaints us, that when he was a boy at
 
 XVI PREFACE. 
 
 Westminster School, and used to visit his Father, 
 who lived in the Court of EDWARD The Confessor, 
 he was often examined, both on the Latin lan- 
 guage and on Logic, by the beautiful and virtu- 
 ous Queen EDGITHA, who excelled in both these 
 branches of literature. A pleasing instance, that 
 Learning was then esteemed a desirable accom- 
 plishment even in Ladies of the highest Rank. 
 
 One cause of the improvements in the Sciences 
 which took place from the year 1166 to 1216, was 
 the increase of the Seminaries of Learning : these 
 consisting of General Studies or Universities, 
 Episcopal or Cathedral Schools, Monastic or 
 Conventual Schools, The Schools of Cities and 
 Towns, and, The Schools of The Jews. 
 
 That those Seats of Learning which are now 
 called Universities, were anciently called Studies, 
 is well known. But, about the end of the Twelfth 
 or beginning of the Thirteenth Century, the 
 modern name seems generally to have prevailed, 
 either because all kinds of learning were taught in 
 them, and Students of all Countries were welcome 
 to them, or because they were formed into legal 
 Communities, which, in the Latin of those times, 
 were called Universitates* 
 
 In the darkest of the middle ages, it has been 
 observed, the families of Bishops were the chief 
 Seminaries of Learning, in which young persons 
 were educated for the service of the Church. 
 
 c Henry's Hist, of Great Brit. vol. 3. p. 436, et passim.
 
 PREFACE. XV11 
 
 These Episcopal or Cathedral Schools still conti- 
 nued in this period. They were also better regu- 
 lated, and consequently more useful and more 
 frequented. In the most ancient times, the Bishop 
 was commonly the chief, if not the only Teacher, 
 of his Cathedral School ; the faithful discharge of 
 which laborious office was hardly compatible with 
 the other duties of his function. But, in this 
 period, these Schools were put under the direction 
 of men of learning, who devoted their whole time 
 and study to the education of youth, and had cer- 
 tain Estates or Prebends assigned for their sup- 
 port. These Teachers of the Cathedral Schools 
 were called, " The Scholastics of the Diocese " and 
 all the youth in it, who were designed for the 
 Church, were entitled to the benefit of their in- 
 structions. By the Eighteenth Canon of the third 
 general Council of Later an, in the year 1179, it 
 was decreed, That such Scholastics should be 
 settled in all Cathedrals, with sufficient Revenues 
 for their support ; and that they should have au- 
 thority to superintend all the Schoolmasters of the 
 Diocese, and grant them licenses, without which 
 none should presume to teach. The Sciences, 
 therefore, that were taught in these Cathedra- 
 Schools, were such as were most necessary to qual 
 lify their Pupils for performing the duties of the 
 Sacerdotal office, as Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, 
 Theology, and Church-Music. In the year 1215, 
 in the Fourth general Council of Lateran, similar 
 Ordinances are expressly enjoined. 
 VOL. i. b
 
 XV111 PREFACE. 
 
 The great increase of Religious Houses in this 
 period, very much increased the number of Semi- 
 naries of learning, as there was a School more or 
 less celebrated in almost every Convent. And 
 some idea may be formed of the number added to 
 the Schools by this means, when it is considered, 
 that there were no fewer than 557 Religious 
 Houses of different kinds, according to Bishop 
 TANNER, founded in England between the Con- 
 quest and the death of King JOHN. One design 
 of these Monastic Schools was, to instruct the 
 younger Monks in those branches of learning that 
 were necessary to their decent performance of the 
 Service of the Church, particularly in the Latin 
 language and Church-Music. Some degree of 
 knowledge of these parts of learning was so neces- 
 sary, that without it none could be admitted into 
 the Monastic Order in any of the Chief Abbeys ; 
 and the famous NICHOLAS BREAKSPEAR, after- 
 wards Pope ADRIAN the Fourth, was rejected by 
 RICHARD, Abbot of St. Albaris, for want of a 
 sufficient share of learning. In these Conventual 
 Schools the young Monks were carefully instruct- 
 ed in the art of fair and beautiful Writing ; and 
 those who excelled in that art, were for some 
 years employed in the Scriptorium, or Writing- 
 Chamber, in transcribing books for the use of the 
 Church and Library. In the Schools of all 'the 
 larger Monasteries, besides the requisite parts of 
 learning, several other Sciences were taught, as 
 Rhetoric, Logic, Theology, Medicine, with the
 
 PREFACE. XIX 
 
 Civil and Canon Law. These two last branches 
 of learning, Law and Physic, being very lucrative, 
 were so diligently studied and practised by the 
 Monks, that they were almost the only Pleaders 
 and Physicians of those times. Many persons of 
 Rank and Fortune were also educated in these 
 Conventual Schools, to which they frequently be- 
 came Benefactors. 
 
 Besides all these' Seminaries of learning, there 
 were established in this period, in all the chief 
 Cities and Towns of England, considerable Schools, 
 in which the Youth were instructed not only in 
 reading, writing, and grammar, but also in several 
 other branches of Literature, as Rhetoric, Logic, 
 and Theology. We are told by WILLIAM FITZ- 
 STEPHENS, who flourished in the reign of HENRY 
 the Second, that there were THREE of these emi- 
 nent Schools in London firmly established : be- 
 sides several others that were occasionally opened 
 by such Masters, as had obtained a high reputa- 
 tion for their Learning. 
 
 " On Holidays," he observes, " it is usual for 
 these Schools to hold Public Assemblies in the 
 Churches in which the Scholars engage in demon- 
 strative or logical disputations, some using enthy- 
 mems, and others perfect syllogisms ; some aim- 
 ing at nothing but to gain the victory, and make 
 an ostentatious display of their acuteness, while 
 others have the investigation of truth in view. 
 Artful Sophists, on these occasions, acquire great 
 applause ; some by a prodigious inundation and
 
 XX PREFACE. 
 
 flow of words, others by their specious but falla- 
 cious arguments. After the disputations, other 
 Scholars deliver rhetorical declamations, in which 
 they observe all the rules of art, and neglect 
 no topic of persuasion. Even the younger boys in 
 the different Schools contend against each other 
 in verse, about the principles of Grammar, and the 
 preterites and supines of verbs. " d 
 
 That prodigious number of Jews crowded into 
 England soon after the Conquest, and resided in 
 all it's principal towns for some ages, is attested 
 by all the Historians of those times. Their num- 
 bers and riches were indeed so great, and the 
 revenues derived from them by Government so 
 considerable, that, according to MADOX, a parti- 
 cular Exchequer was appointed for their recep- 
 tion. Among these Jews there were many Rab- 
 bies, and men of Learning, who officiated as 
 Priests in their Synagogues, and Professors in 
 their Schools, which they had in London, York, 
 Lincoln, Lynn, Norwich, Oxford, Cambridge, and 
 every other town where any considerable number 
 of them resided. Nor were the Academies of the 
 Jewish Rabbies shut against the Christian Youth, 
 but open to all who chose to take the benefit of 
 their instructions. 
 
 Certainly, says WASE, we all bear no less affec- 
 tion to the common Christianity, than the Jews 
 
 d Fitz-Stephen's Description of London, jo. 30. 
 e Madox. Hist. Excheq. p. 150.
 
 PREFACE. XXI 
 
 express to the Law of Moses, who have ordained, 
 " that Schoolmasters be appointed in all Cities, 
 and the Inhabitants of that City, wherein are no 
 Scholars, be excommunicated 'till they provide 
 themselves of Schoolmasters. Farther, if upon 
 this they take no care to get them any; then, 
 that City to be executed; subjoining this reason, 
 that the world would not subsist, if it were not 
 for the babling of little School-boy s. n * 
 
 From this brief description of the Seminaries of 
 learning then established in England, it will ap- 
 pear, that the general Ignorance of the Laity was 
 owing rather to the Taste and Manners of the 
 times, than to the want of opportunities of acquir- 
 ing at least a moderate degree of knowledge. 
 
 All these different kinds of Schools continued 
 to flourish in the Thirteenth Century, according 
 to ROGER BACON, who informs us, that there 
 never had been so great an appearance of Learn- 
 ing, and so general an application to study, in so 
 many different Faculties, as in his time, when 
 Schools were erected in every City, Town, Burgh, 
 and Castle. 8 So many Schools being founded, 
 and so many Sciences taught, in London, and it's 
 environs, that it was not very improperly called 
 " A THIRD UNIVERSITY."" 
 
 f Wase's Considerations concerning Free Schools, p. 111. 
 8 Baconi Opus Majus. praefat. 
 
 h Sir George Buc's Third University of England, at the end 
 of Stow's Chronicle, p. 1063.
 
 XX11 PREFACE. 
 
 Learning, however, sensibly declined during the 
 subsequent period. And, about the year 1447, 
 the Public Schools for the education of youth 
 in London had so far gone to decay, that the 
 grossest ignorance prevailed among the people in 
 general. 
 
 To remedy this defect, Four Clergymen peti- 
 tioned Parliament for leave to set up Schools in 
 their respective Parishes, viz. Allhallows the More, 
 St. Andrew's Holborn, St. Peter in Cornhill, and 
 St. Mary Colechurch, with liberty to their several 
 Successors to continue the said Schools.* 
 
 This Petition, which, it may be supposed, was 
 drawn by men of zealous principles with their 
 greatest care and the utmost exertion of their 
 abilities, is still preserved among the Records in 
 the Tower, k and is a lasting Memorial of their 
 Benevolence and patriotic Conduct. This Petition 
 being granted by King HENRY the Sixth, a partial 
 remedy was thus applied by those well disposed 
 persons, to the irregularity of behaviour and rude- 
 ness of manners which characterized the features 
 of that period. 
 
 A few great men who succeeded each other, 
 likewise prevented the Lamp of Learning from 
 being entirely extinguished. And the taking of 
 Constantinople by the Turks, in the beginning of 
 the Fifteenth Century, was an event which con- 
 
 1 Strype's edit, of Stow's Survey of Lond. vol. 1. p. 162. 
 k Record. Turr. Rot. Parl. an. 25. H. 6f. No. 19.
 
 PREFACE. XX111 
 
 tributed to the general restoration of Literature. 
 At that time many learned GREEKS fled for pro- 
 tection into Italy and Germany, where they were 
 kindly received, and where they diffused Science 
 with great success. 1 
 
 In a short time after this event, the inhabitants 
 of the Western parts of Europe made great pro- 
 gress in all branches of Literature ; and the in- 
 vention of PRINTING, which soon followed, com- 
 pleted the triumph of Learning, over Barbarism 
 and Ignorance. 
 
 There is a Solemnity and Importance in our 
 desire to know what measures were devised, what 
 steps pursued, and what selected instruments in 
 the hands of Providence ordained, gradually to 
 diffuse knowledge, and prepare the way for better 
 Learning, and a more pure form of Religion. 
 
 It is generally allowed, that the noble impulse 
 of Christian Charity in the founding of GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOLS, was one of the Divine means for bring- 
 ing about THE BLESSED REFORMATION. And it is, 
 therefore, observable, that within Thirty years be- 
 fore it's accomplishment, there were more Gram- 
 mar Schools erected and endowed in England, 
 than had been established in Three Hundred years 
 preceding." 
 
 Before the Reformation, it has been remarked, 
 that Learning was much confined to the Monas- 
 
 1 Astle's Orig. and Prog, of Writing Introduct. p. xvi. 
 1U Knight's Life of Colet. p . 100.
 
 XXIV PREFACE. 
 
 teries ; but, after their Dissolution, it came forth 
 from thence, and begun to diffuse itself more 
 widely among the great body of the People ; and 
 the important object of Literature soon became a 
 measure of general Policy. 
 
 King EDWARD the Sixth, by Letters Patent, 
 bearing date the 20th of June, in the second year 
 of his reign, 1549, appointed certain Commis- 
 sioners, " to take diverse orders for the mainten- 
 nance and continuance of Scollers, Priests, and 
 Curates," and other matters relative to the Poor ; 
 and under the authority of this Commission, the 
 regulation of Schools was comprised. 
 
 Our gratitude, therefore, must ever be due to 
 the memory of EDWARD the Sixth, under whose 
 splendid reign so many works of Munificence and 
 Piety were established. Unlike his Royal Father, 
 his attention and solicitude were extended to every 
 class of his Subjects, who felt the effects of his 
 benign disposition ; and his Princely endowments 
 constitute at this day, part of the glory of the 
 British Empire. 
 
 The impulse thus given, was wisely continued ; 
 and it was the great policy of succeeding Princes 
 to encourage Learning, as the most effectual 
 means to expose or combat the errors of the 
 Church of Rome ; which so long agitated the 
 minds of the people, that the Government was 
 exceedingly disturbed by them, until the Glorious 
 Revolution, in 1688, when Religion, Law, and 
 Liberty, were fixed on that solid basis, which gives
 
 PREFACE. XXV 
 
 this happy Country a Pre-eminence over every 
 other Nation upon the face of the Globe. 
 
 " ENGLAND," says ERASMUS to his illustrious 
 friend COLET, " is most pleasant to me for many 
 reasons, but especially that it abounds with those 
 BLESSINGS, without which nothing would relish 
 with me, MEN OF ADMIRABLE LEARNING, among 
 the chief of whom I do not hesitate to mention 
 
 YOU." 
 
 But even zeal without prudence in the best of 
 causes may be deserving of blame. Who does not 
 sigh over the beautiful remains of those incompar- 
 able buildings, which fell a sacrifice to infuriated 
 frenzy ? And who is not indignant at the scandal- 
 ous rapacity of those, who made Religion the 
 cloak for their infamous depredations ? 
 
 The extreme avidity of EDWARD'S ministers, 
 which tempted them to impoverish every Eccle- 
 siastical Foundation for their own benefit, had well 
 nigh destroyed all the good effects which might 
 be expected to accrue to the Nation both as to 
 Literature and Education. Exhibitions and Pen- 
 sions were taken from the Students of the Uni- 
 versities ; and, at Oxford, the Public Schools were 
 neglected, and even applied to the lowest pur- 
 poses." 
 
 " I tell you, Sirs," said HENRY the Eighth to 
 some of his hungry Courtiers, fleshed with the 
 
 n Andrews' s Contin. of Henry's Hist, of Great Brit. vol. ! 
 p. 365.
 
 XXVI PREFACE. 
 
 Abbey Lands, and wishing to spoil Colleges also; 
 " I tell you, Sirs, that I judge no land in England 
 better bestowed than that which is given to our 
 Universities." Sensible of the truth of this Royal 
 maxim, many opulent Citizens did voluntarily 
 what the wealthy Clergy, in the beginning of the 
 Reformation, were by Royal Injunctions required 
 to do, in contributing to the maintenance of Scho- 
 lars in either University. 
 
 How far the system of education then adopted 
 in the noblest and most accomplished Houses 
 might be expected to supply the place of public 
 discipline, we may be enabled to judge from 
 Asc HAM'S " Schoolmaster," which affords a re- 
 markable instance of parental harshness in the 
 case of the amiable and unfortunate Lady JANE 
 GRAY : when he visited her at her father's seat in 
 Leicestershire, and found her studying the Plicedon 
 of PLATO. And it is, perhaps, to this affecting 
 scene that we owe the great attention which 
 ASCHAM shows, in his treatise, to the dictates of 
 humanity; and the pains which he takes to render 
 his plan of Education desirable to the Master, and 
 pleasant to the Pupil.' 
 
 The English language was much neglected in 
 the early part of the Sixteenth Century, but a 
 double share of attention was bestowed upon Clas- 
 
 o Churton's Life of Nowell, p. 228. 
 
 P Andrews's Contin. of Henry's Hist, of Great Brit. vol. 1. 
 p. 366, et passim. 

 
 PREFACE. XXV11 
 
 sical knowledge ; nor was any Rank deemed so 
 exalted, as to exclude the necessity of a thorough 
 acquaintance with the learned tongues. 
 
 Even in the very centre of the bad deeds of the 
 bigot MARY, and at a period when the elegant 
 studies were beginning again to yield to Polemics, 
 there arose a College (Trinity) at Oxford, avow- 
 edly destined by it's Founder, Sir THOMAS POPE, 
 in 1554, for the improvement of Classical Know- 
 ledge. In the Statutes a Lecturer is particularly 
 appointed, and enjoined to " exert his utmost 
 diligence in tincturing his auditors with a just 
 relish for the graces and purity of the Latin 
 tongue." 
 
 Yet, in 1563, there were only two Divines at 
 Oxford, who were capable of preaching before 
 The University .* And, in 1570, HORNE, Bishop 
 of Winton, enjoined to his Minor Canons tasks 
 almost beneath the abilities of an ordinary School- 
 boy. 
 
 The very low state of Public Education, in the 
 middle of ELIZABETH'S reign, may further be col- 
 lected from a provision in Archbishop PARKER'S 
 Foundation of Three Scholarships at Cambridge, 
 in 1567. They are to be supplied by the most 
 considerable Schools in Kent and Norfolk, and 
 are to be " the best and aptest Schollers, well 
 
 i Gutch's Hist, and Antiq. of the Univ. of Oxford, vol. 2. 
 p. 152.
 
 XXV111 PREFACE. 
 
 instructed in the Grammar, and (if it may be) 
 such as can make a verse /"' 
 
 The classical erudition of Queen ELIZABETH is, 
 however, beyond a doubt ; and her example had a 
 great effect. The advantages of Learning gradu- 
 ally became as much the property of the Laity as 
 of the Clergy ; and very soon after the reign of 
 that renowned Princess, men attained to that state 
 of general improvement, and those situations with 
 respect to Literature, in which they have ever 
 since persevered and excelled. 
 
 We now arrive at that mild period of THE RE- 
 FORMATION, when the Piety and Charity of Pro- 
 testants in the Foundation of Grammar Schools 
 prevailed so much, that, in the succeeding age, 
 there wanted rather a regulation, than an increase 
 of them. 
 
 It is, however, not unworthy of remark, that 
 the very early age at which Students were enter- 
 ed at The Universities, before the commencement 
 of the Seventeenth Century, and during most part 
 of that Century also, excluded the possibility of 
 the Scholar having acquired at School much be- 
 yond the rudiments of the learned languages ; so 
 that, what in those times were termed Grammar 
 Schools, were, in fact, very aptly designated by 
 such an appellation. The names of persons of 
 those earlier dates may be ornamental to the pages 
 
 1 Andrews's Contin. of Henry's Hist, of Great Brit. vol. 1. />.' 
 401. note.
 
 PREFACE. XXIX 
 
 of School Annals ; but their reputation, as far as 
 it may have arisen from Education, is more justly 
 to be attributed to THE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 Among those who have written upon Schools, 
 ROGER ASCHAM may not improperly be enumer- 
 ated here. His " Schoolmaster" Dr. JOHNSON 
 observes, " though begun with alacrity, in hopes 
 of a considerable reward, was interrupted by the 
 death of his Patron Sir EDWARD SACKVILLE, and 
 afterwards sorrowfully and slowly finished, in the 
 gloom of disappointment, under the pressure of 
 distress. But of the author's disinclination or 
 dejection there can be found no tokens in the 
 work, which is conceived with great vigour, and 
 finished with great accuracy ; and, perhaps, con- 
 tains the best advice that was ever given for the 
 study of Languages." 1 
 
 In 1678, CHRISTOPHER WASE, a man of consi- 
 derable learning, published at Oxford, " Consider- 
 ations concerning Free Schools, as settled in Eng- 
 land." From these "Considerations" much inform- 
 ation has been derived for the present work, and 
 which must ever be esteemed for their thorough 
 display of the origin and effects of those important 
 Establishments. 
 
 In 1807, Mr. BECKWITH, an able Barrister, 
 directed his attention to the various Institutions 
 for the relief of the Poor of this Countiy, in which 
 
 8 Murphy's edit, of Johnson's works, vol. 12. p. 325.
 
 XXX PREFACE. 
 
 considerable regard is paid to the management of 
 Schools. 
 
 And, in 1816, a History of the Principal Schools 
 of England was published by Mr. ACKERMANN, of 
 The Strand, embellished with plates ; and which 
 has also been consulted with advantage. 
 
 In the same year, a Select Committee of The 
 House of Commons was appointed to inquire into 
 the Education of The Lower Orders in The Me- 
 tropolis : Who, after having examined a great 
 body of Evidence, reported to The House, that 
 they found reason to conclude, " that a very large 
 number of poor Children are wholly without the 
 means of Instruction, although their Parents ap- 
 pear to be generally very desirous of obtaining 
 that advantage for them:" 
 
 That they observed with much satisfaction, 
 " the highly beneficial effects produced upon all 
 those parts of the Population, which, assisted in 
 whole or in part by various Charitable Institutions, 
 have enjoyed the benefits of Education :" 
 
 That they had not then time fully to report 
 their Opinion upon the different branches of their 
 Inquiry, " but they feel persuaded that the great- 
 est advantages would result to this Country from 
 Parliament taking proper measures, in concur- 
 rence with the prevailing disposition in the Com- 
 munity, for supplying the deficiency of the means 
 of Instruction which exists at present, and for ex- 
 tending this Blessing to the Poor of all descrip- 
 tions:"
 
 PREFACE. XXXI 
 
 That although The Committee were not in- 
 structed to examine the state of Education be- 
 yond the Metropolis, they had, " in addition to 
 what has appeared in Evidence, received commu- 
 nications, which show the necessity of Parliament 
 as speedily as possible instituting an Inquiry into 
 the management of Charitable Donations and 
 other Funds for the Instruction of the Poor of this 
 Country, and into the state of their Education 
 generally, especially in the larger Towns." And 
 The Committee are of opinion, " that the most 
 effectual, as well as least expensive, mode of con- 
 ducting such an Inquiry, would be by means of a 
 Parliamentary Commission." 
 
 In a Second Report from The Select Committee, 
 dated the 7th of July, 1817, they state, " Your 
 Committee having considered the information 
 communicated to them during the last Session, 
 from various parts of the Country, touching the 
 State of Education, and more particularly the 
 misapplication of Funds destined by gift, bequest, 
 or devise to that purpose, are of opinion, that it 
 would be expedient to extend the instructions 
 under which they act, so as to embrace an Inquiry 
 into the Education of the Lower Orders generally 
 throughout England and Wales." 
 
 For an humble Individual, after such high 
 Authority, to undertake a description of all our 
 ENDOWED GRAMMAR SCHOOLS, to struggle with 
 difficulties, the objections of his Friends, and 
 the reluctance of some of the parties concerned to
 
 XXX11 PREFACE. 
 
 give information, may appear inconsistent. But 
 his experience of former kindness from The Public 
 gave energy to his hopes, and silenced all the ap- 
 prehensions which expense and fatigue were ready 
 to excite. 
 
 Confiding, therefore, in general support, he re- 
 spectfully ventured to insert a Letter and a Series 
 of Questions in The Gentleman's Magazine, and to 
 send a copy of the same to The Head Masters of 
 every known Grammar School throughout Eng- 
 land and Wales, and the result has been propor- 
 tionate to his most ardent expectations. 1 
 
 Apartments of The Society of Antiquaries, 
 
 Somerset Place, London. 
 SIR, 9.6th December, 1816. 
 
 The numerous endowed Grammar Schools in this Kingdom 
 reflect the highest honour on the memory of their charitable 
 and pious Founders. But, as we have little intelligence re- 
 specting their internal establishment, and the proper mode of 
 applying for admission for a Child, and the requisites necessary 
 to success, it has occurred to me, that a concise description of 
 those benevolent Institutions might be useful to persons in gen- 
 eral ; as a clear explanation of their Ordinances may remove 
 many difficulties from an inquiring Parent, and point out the 
 several -adTantages of any particular Seminary. 
 
 Under this impression I have drawn up a series of Questions, 
 which I beg leave to lay, with every degree of respect, before 
 the Public. In this solicitation of general attention, I wish it 
 clearly to be understood, that I am actuated solely by the desire 
 of promoting the publick good, and that I shall esteem myself 
 much honoured by the trouble which any Head Master, or any 
 other Gentleman, may take in drawing up the History of the 
 Schools in their respective Counties, or for any information
 
 PREFACE. XXX111 
 
 If, as Dr. JOHNSON has asserted, the chief glory 
 of every people arises from it's Authors, Public 
 Establishments, which are formed for the advance- 
 
 which they may please to communicate, to render this endeavour 
 as accurate and useful, as the importance of the subject requires 
 I have the honour to be, 
 
 Sir, 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 NICHOLAS CARLISLE. 
 
 1 . When, and by whom, was this School founded ? 
 
 2. What was the original Endowment, and what is the pre- 
 sent amount of it ? 
 
 3. Have any subsequent Endowments been made, and by 
 whom ? and to what amount ? 
 
 4. Are these Endowments in land ? or otherwise, and where 
 situate ? 
 
 5. A copy of the Statutes and Ordinances. 
 
 6. Is the School open to the Boys of your Town or Parish 
 indefinitely, free of expense ? or, is it limited to the relatives of 
 particular persons ? or, for a certain number of Scholars only ? 
 or, by place of nativity, or otherwise ? 
 
 7. What number of Boys are admitted upon the Foundation ? 
 and how many others are usually educated at the School ? 
 
 8. At what age are the Boys admitted, and how long may 
 they remain without superannuation ? 
 
 9. What is the form of admission, and who are the persons 
 that nominate? 
 
 10. Which are the Latin and Greek Grammars in use ? and 
 what is the routine of education prescribed ? 
 
 11. What are the number of Exhibitions, Scholarships, or 
 other University advantages, and the amount of each ? 
 
 12. To what Colleges are such boys usually sent ? 
 
 13. What is the Head Master's name, and what is the amount 
 of his Salary and Emoluments ? 
 
 VOL. I. C
 
 XXXI V PREFACE. 
 
 ment of Literature, are the highest Ornaments of 
 a Nation in every state of refinement. 
 
 " Miserable is the face of any Nation," says 
 WASE, " where neither Schools nor Universities be 
 frequented ; no Law, no safe Commerce ; a gener- 
 al Ignorance, and neglect of Duty both to God 
 and Man. Now that Universities flourish, and 
 Schools are in many populous Towns erected, from 
 those places of Public Education especially, per- 
 sons are sent into all parts of the land, engaged 
 in the strictest Bonds of Allegiance. Nor can 
 there any surer pledge be given for a durable 
 Loyalty to be transmitted to Posterity, than a 
 conscience rightly informed by good Education." 
 
 It is highly gratifying to observe, that wherever 
 the Funds of these venerable and excellent Estab- 
 lishments have been faithf'ully applied, the most 
 
 14. If the Head Master takes Pupils, what is the annual 
 charge for the Board and Education of each Boy ? 
 
 15. If the Second, or other Masters take Pupils, what are 
 their annual charges for Board and Education ? 
 
 16. Are there any Church Preferments, or other advantages, 
 belonging to this School ? 
 
 17. A list of the eminent Men, who have been educated here. 
 
 18. A drawing or impression of The Common Seal. 
 
 Any other matters, which you may be pleased to communi- 
 cate, will be gratefully received. 
 
 N. B. Upwards of One Thousand Four Hundred Letters have 
 been sent and received. 
 
 u Wase's Considerations, pp. 34, 66.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 XXXV 
 
 beneficial consequences have ensued. It would 
 be presumptuous to expatiate on the merits of our 
 great Public Seminaries ; for where is the Gentle- 
 man, who has not either profited by their imme- 
 diate Tuition, or by the hands of those who have 
 had the happiness to enjoy such a Blessing ? 
 
 It is painful, however, to relate, that many of 
 our numerous and ample Endowments have fallen 
 to decay, by the negligence or cupidity of ignorant 
 or unprincipled Trustees ; who have silently, or by 
 connivance, suffered the furtive alienation of the 
 very Lands which they were called upon so so- 
 lemnly to defend, and which were in a great 
 measure ordained for the Education of their own 
 Children. 
 
 As the property of those benevolent Institutions 
 is, therefore, in several cases lost or sunk ; or em- 
 bezzled, or disgracefully misapplied ; or lessened 
 or impaired by gross dereliction of duty, and very 
 great frauds are committed in letting and ma- 
 naging the estates ; it appears absolutely neces- 
 sary, that such disorder and misapplication should 
 speedily be abolished, by a PUBLIC INVESTIGATION 
 and REFORM of those evils, which is only within 
 the power of Parliament. 
 
 It is true, that many of the Nobility, Gentry, 
 or neighbouring Ministers, are often the Special 
 Visitors, and The Right Reverend their Diocesan, 
 and Spiritual Father, is always their General Vi- 
 sitor, but such interference is, probably, seldom 
 exercised, unless at the honest indignation of some 
 conscientious Parishioner.
 
 XXXVI PREFACE. 
 
 In a perusal of the STATUTES, a great Similarity 
 between those of the more eminent Schools will 
 be obvious. It is well known that King HENRY 
 the Sixth grounded his Statutes for ETON upon 
 those of WINCHESTER : and this similarity was 
 further increased by the correction of Individuals, 
 who were deemed particularly excellent in such 
 compositions ; especially the amiable Dean Now- 
 ELL, whose general character not only as a man of 
 judgement and learning, but the memory of 
 whose fame, as Master of Westminster School, 
 made his revision and approbation of several of the 
 Seminaries, established in his time, to be so much 
 desired." 
 
 That frightful disease, the Plague, which the 
 Statutes endeavour so humanely to guard against, 
 is now happily unknown : and some disorders 
 which were then thought incurable, are by a better 
 course of living and more discreet conduct now 
 also never seen, or have abated much of their ma- 
 lignity. There is a pleasure in contemplating the 
 hardy and athletic exercises, which are prescribed 
 for the Pupils, to invigorate the limbs and expand 
 the mind : And, however it may have been asserted 
 to the contrary, the RELIGIOUS and MORAL PRIN- 
 CIPLES which are every where most strictly enjoin- 
 ed, completely confute the groundless calumnies, 
 which have been disseminated on the score of 
 neglect of piety. 
 
 v Churton's life of Nowell, p. 109
 
 PREFACE. XXXV11 
 
 Of those who superintend the Education of 
 Youth, ERASMUS is ever fond of expressing his 
 praise ; and, whenever he had an opportunity, he 
 encouraged men of letters to undertake the labo- \ 
 rious care of a Grammar School ; which he always 
 most justly commends, as what exalts the Master 
 to the highest dignity ; whose business is to sea- 
 son Youth in Learning and Religion, and raise up 
 men for the service of their country. " It may be," 
 he observes, " the employment is accounted vile 
 and mean in the opinion of Fools; but, in itself, it 
 is really GREAT and HONOURABLE." And he fur- 
 ther insists, " that the safety of States depends 
 upon Three things, Upon a proper or improper 
 Education of the Prince, upon Public Preachers, 
 and upon School-masters." 
 
 Much of the useful Learning, which has so 
 remarkably enlightened the middle ranks of the 
 English nation, and rendered us a moral and an 
 understanding people, has proceeded from our 
 numerous Public Schools. It is in these truly re- 
 spectable nurseries of Literature, that Education 
 has effected it's most generous and valuable pur- 
 poses. The mind, which might otherwise have 
 been confined by sordid habits, has been expand- 
 ed : Genius, which might have been hidden from 
 the World, has been called forth to the honour of 
 human nature: And the general manners, from 
 rudeness and vulgarity, have been rendered easy, 
 courteous, and polite . w 
 
 w Wilson's Hist, of Merch. Taylors' School, Part II. p. 545.
 
 XXXV111 PREFACE. 
 
 " I shall always," says GIBBON, " be ready to 
 join in the common opinion, that our Public 
 Schools, which have produced so many eminent 
 characters, are the best adapted to the genius 
 and constitution of the English people. A boy of 
 spirit may acquire a previous and practical expe- 
 rience of the world ; and his play-fellows may be 
 the future friends of his heart or his interest. In 
 a free intercourse with his equals, the habits of 
 truth, fortitude, and prudence will insensibly be 
 matured. Birth and riches are measured by the 
 standard of 'personal merit ; and the mimic scene 
 of a Rebellion has displayed, in their true colours, 
 the Ministers and Patriots of the rising genera- 
 tion." 3 ' 
 
 The Master's Stipend it will be seen, upon 
 some of the old Foundations, is much below envy ; 
 although such an income in the time of the Donors 
 might have been amply sufficient. In most cases, 
 however, the rise in the value of the Estates is 
 extraordinary, and where the receipts are faith- 
 fully dispensed by the Trustees, afford a plentiful 
 revenue for the support of the Establishment. 
 Wherever Rent-charges were given, they must of 
 course remain stationary ; and even several dona- 
 tions were only for terms of years, and upon cer- 
 tain conditions, which have long since expired. 
 
 In order that poor Scholars, or those of bright 
 talents, might not be deprived of the advantages 
 of a College education, many benevolent persons 
 
 x Gibbon's Miscel. Works, vol. 1. p. 37. 8vo.
 
 PREFACE. XXXIX 
 
 have contributed to the maintenance of one or 
 more Students at The Universities. Some of these 
 Exhibitions are appropriated to a particular 
 School, County, or certain Counties ; others are 
 given for a certain term of years, and some inde- 
 finitely without limitation of place. Local bene- 
 factions were given out of peculiar respect to the 
 Inhabitants of such place, with which the Bene- 
 factor himself was in some way connected ; while 
 some persons of more ample fortunes and enlarged 
 views, out of their regard to the whole Kingdom, 
 have left full choice of their Exhibitioners to the 
 free discretion of Feoffees. Whence arises a lau- 
 dable spirit of ambition ; and to the greater 
 Schools upon which any Exhibitions are settled, 
 the very expectation of the reward draws resort, 
 and excites an emulation in learning and good 
 deportment. 
 
 But there is an ulterior object in these bene- 
 factions which is often overlooked, as it has an 
 immediate reference to the Church. The Statutes 
 of the several Colleges solemnly enjoining a dili- 
 gent and decent attendance on Public Worship ; 
 and implying, that the Salaries to Masters, and 
 Exhibitions to Scholars, are to provide in a great 
 measure, that " the Church be not burthened? 
 since, upon the supposition of these advantages 
 being withdrawn, Ecclesiastical Benefices are 
 taxable to the education of Students ; and, in the 
 beginning of the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, 1559, 
 they were actually taxed a Thirtieth part.
 
 xl 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 It may be curious to trace the origin of the 
 LATIN and GREEK GRAMMARS. The excellent 
 author of " Reflexions upon Learning," observes, 
 " in our times the common Grammar that goes 
 under the name of Mr. LILYE, was done by some 
 of the most considerable men of the age. The 
 English Rudiments, by Dean COLET ; with a pre- 
 face to the first edition, directing it's use, was by 
 no less a man than Cardinal WOLSEY. The most 
 rational part, The Syntax, was written or corrected 
 by ERASMUS ; and the other parts, by other emi- 
 nent persons. So that although Mr. LILYE now 
 bears the name, which, while living, he always 
 modestly refused, yet it was carried on by the 
 joint endeavours of several learned men, and he 
 had, perhaps, not the largest share in that work." T 
 
 It may also be observed, that it redounds not a 
 little to the honour of ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL, that not 
 only the Latin Grammar is owing to the skill and 
 care of The Founder, and the first Master of that 
 School ; but also the common Greek Grammar, 
 used throughout England, by the same authority 
 as the Latin, was composed by CAMDEN, who had 
 been a Scholar at that celebrated Seminary. 
 
 It is likewise curious to remark, that many of 
 the examples in the Latin Grammar are said to 
 have pointed at the then juncture of Public affairs; 
 viz., The Prosecution of EMPSON and DUDLEY, in 
 the beginning of the reign of King HENRY the 
 
 * Knight's Life of Colet, p. 126', note.
 
 PREFACE. Xli 
 
 Eighth, as, " Regum est tueri leges ; Refert om- 
 nium animadverti in malos" And this humour 
 was the reason, why, in the following editions of 
 the Syntax, there were examples accommodated 
 to the respective years of the impressions, as, in 
 that of 1513, " Imperator meruit sub rege in Gal- 
 lia" relating to MAXIMILIAN, the Emperor of 
 Germany, who then, at the siege of Terouenne in 
 Flanders, fought under the Banner of HENRY the 
 Eighth, and received an Hundred Crowns a day 
 for his pay. And, in the edition of 1520, " Audito 
 regem Doroberniam proficisci" referring to the 
 King's speedy journey to Canterbury, there to give 
 entertainment to the Emperor CHARLES the Fifth, 
 lately landed at Dover. There were likewise in 
 the edition of ERASMUS, several examples relating 
 to Dean COLET : as, " Vixit Romce, studiit Oxonii, 
 natus est Londini, discessit Londino"* 
 
 It is the opinion of ANTHONY a WOOD, that the 
 Jirst printed Grammar in England was that by 
 JOHN HOLT, of Magdalen College, and Usher of 
 Magdalen School in Oxford, intituled, " Lac Puer- 
 orum" which was printed about the year 1497., 
 and dedicated to MORTON, Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury. This Grammar was then in much repute. 
 About the same time was published an Accidence 
 and Grammar, written also by a person of the 
 name of HOLT, who was master to Sir THOMAS 
 MORE. After these, various treatises on Grammar 
 
 Knight's Life of Colet, />. 132,
 
 Xlii PREFACE. 
 
 were published by LINACRE, STANBRIDGE, and 
 WHITTINGTON. 
 
 And these again have all been improved by the 
 learning and humanity of more eminent Philo- 
 logists. 
 
 The course of Education which is pursued in 
 the several Schools, has been attempted to be 
 obtained, that a just comparison may be formed 
 of the most approved methods. Even the com- 
 prehensive mind of JOHNSON has not disdained to 
 draw up a " SCHEME for the CLASSES of a GRAM- 
 MAR SCHOOL."* There are peculiar regulations in 
 many Schools, which require particular obser- 
 vance ; but, in general, affection or respect seem 
 decidedly to preponderate in favour of the ETON 
 RULES. 
 
 Many Schools are under the" immediate Super- 
 intendence and Visitation of particular Colleges : 
 and, it is a remark of Mr. NELSON, that the con- 
 necting of a School with a College is a wise con- 
 trivance to preserve it in honour and reputation.* 
 WASE also observes, that the annexing the Patron- 
 age of Country Free Schools to some House in 
 The University has been experienced mutually 
 beneficial. 
 
 In an age, when so many Theories are enter- 
 tained with respect to the universal Necessity, or 
 the expeditious Acquirement, of Learning. when 
 
 " Boswell's Life of Johnson, vol. 1. p. 76. 8vo. 
 
 k Life of Bull, p. 10. 
 
 c Considerations concerning Free Schools, p. 80.
 
 PREFACE. Xlili 
 
 our ancient Establishments are yielding to new- 
 fangled Systems, and even WESTMINSTER has 
 been strangely classed in The Report on the Edu- 
 cation of " The Lower Orders in the Metropolis," 
 it may well become some able and scientific pen 
 to protect and exemplify the rights and import- 
 ance of our PUBLIC GRAMMAR SCHOOLS ; and put 
 a bold stop to the havoc of ignorant or fanatic 
 Trustees, before they impair those Venerable In- 
 stitutions, where the true sense of the Learned 
 languages may in Youth be obtained, and the 
 Spirit and the Beauties of Classic authors well 
 understood and duly estimated; And thus by 
 acquiring the art of speaking and writing with 
 purity and elegance, lay the best Foundation of 
 Academical Studies. 
 
 From a perusal of the record of eminent cha- 
 racters many useful lessons may be drawn ; and, 
 in conformity with that pleasing study, all the 
 " WORTHIES" that diligence could collect, have 
 been faithfully arranged, for " not to name the 
 School or the Masters of men illustrious for Litera- 
 ture, is a kind of historical fraud, by which 
 honest fame is injuriously diminished." 11 
 
 In the prosecution of this Inquiry, reference has 
 been made to every printed authority, independ- 
 ently of the multiplied correspondence occasioned 
 by the circulation of the Author's printed Letter 
 and Questions. And it is at once both gratifying 
 and incumbent upon him to record, that flattering 
 
 d Johnson's Life of Addison.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 communication and obliging assistance have been 
 liberally imparted by Individuals distinguished 
 by Rank and eminent in Learning. By those 
 beneficent Patrons even Thanks are not expected, 
 but THANKS the Author must be permitted to 
 offer, on behalf of himself and of all who may be 
 benefited by the Information collected in these 
 
 Volumes. 
 
 In the compilation of these Volumes, Truth and 
 Utility have been my only aim. In the descrip- 
 tions of the several Schools I have used my utmost 
 endeavours to be accurate, and I have uniformly 
 abstained from intemperate remarks. I was not 
 aware of the magnitude of the Undertaking until 
 I had made some advance in it, nor of my unfit- 
 ness for it's performance until I had recollected 
 how little I am qualified to speak of Education. 
 A diligent Inquiry into the constitution and excel- 
 lence of those great Institutions has, however, in- 
 creased, if it were possible, my veneration for 
 them ; and has established the thorough convic- 
 tion, that the INSTUCTORS of Youth have the first 
 and^best claim to the respect and liberality of 
 The Public. NICHOLAS CARLISLE. 
 
 The number of Schools described is FOUR 
 HUNDRED and SEVENTY-FIVE. 
 
 The SEALS are Fac-similes of the Originals, be- 
 ing copied from Impressions which were kindly 
 furnished for the present .purpose. They are 
 SIXTY-EIGHT in number.
 
 THE 
 
 NAMES AND RESIDENCE 
 
 OF 
 
 THE SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 His MAJESTY'S LIBRARY, Large Paper. 
 
 Adam son, John, Esq., Newcastle upon Tyne, Large Paper. 
 
 Amyot, Thomas, Esq., Downing Street. 
 
 Anderson, The Revd. D., M. A., Master of the Grammar 
 School at Swansea. 
 
 Ashby de la Zouch Grammar School, Leicestershire. 
 
 Atherstone, The Keepers and Governors of The Free Gram- 
 mar School at, in Warwickshire. 
 
 Badcock, J., Esq., Vine Cottage, Watlington. 
 
 Banks, Revd. John, B. D., Head Master of the Grammar 
 School at Boston. 
 
 Barnet, Mr., Bookseller, Nottingham. 
 
 Bedford, William, Esq., Birches Green, Warwickshire. 
 
 Birmingham, The Governors of the Royal Grammar School 
 at. 
 
 Bowen, William Mogg, D. D., Head Master of the Gram- 
 mar School at St. Alban's. 
 
 Bowns, Charles, Esq., Darley Hall, near Barnsley. 
 
 Broadley, Henry, Esq., Ferriby, near Hull, Large Paper. 
 
 Broadley, John, Esq., Ferriby, near Hull, Large Paper. 
 
 Bull, The Revd. Nicholas, M. A., Vicar of Safiron Walden. 
 
 Burney, William, LL.D., Master of The Naval Academy at 
 Gosport.
 
 SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Butler, George, D. D., Head Master of Harrow, Two 
 
 Copies. 
 
 Butler, Samuel, D. D., Head Master of Shrewsbury. 
 Carter, The Revd. Thomas, M. A., Under Master of 
 
 Eton College. 
 
 Chalmers, Alexander, Esq., 33 Throgmorton Street. 
 Clarke, The Revd. John, Master of the Grammar School 
 
 at Rudgeley. 
 
 Coleridge, Francis George, Esq., Ottery, Devon. 
 Collin, Joseph, Esq., Mayor of Saffron Walden. 
 Combe, Mr. J., Bookseller, Leicester. 
 Cripps, The Revd. Thomas, M. A., Master of the Grammar 
 
 School at Witney. 
 Crosse, The Revd. Edward, M. A., Head Master of the 
 
 Grammar School at Colchester. 
 Crosse, John, Esq., Hull, Large Paper. 
 Cursham, The Revd. Thomas Leeson, M. A., Vicar of 
 
 Mansfield. 
 
 Dales, Lieut. Colonel Samuel, Stoke. Newington Common. 
 Davies, The Revd. D. W., M. A., Head Master of the 
 
 Grammar School at Cranbrook. 
 Deck, Mr., Bookseller, Ipswich. 
 Denman, Thomas, Esq., Lincoln's Inn. 
 Dent, John, Esq., Hertford Street, Mayfair. 
 Dewe, The Revd. Samuel, M. A., Master of the Grammar 
 
 School at Buntingford. 
 Dickenson, Charles, Esq., Stafford Row. 
 Dobinson, William, Esq., Master of the Grammar School 
 
 at Hertford. 
 Donne, The Revd. James, M. A., Head Master of the 
 
 Grammar School at Oswestry. 
 Drury, The Revd. Benjamin, M. A., Eton College. 
 Drury, The Revd. Charles, M. A., Eton College. 
 Drury, The Revd. Henry, M. A., Harrow, Two Copies. 
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 Dudley Library. 
 
 Elsdale, The Revd. Robinson, M. A., Second Master of the 
 
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 Fane, John, h'sq., M. P. for Oxfordshire, Wormesley. 
 Ferrers, Revd. Edmund, M. A., Cheriton. 
 Foss. Edward Smith, Esq., Essex Street. 
 Fowler, David Burton, Esq., Temple. 
 Gabell, . ienry Dison, D. D., Head Master of Winchester 
 
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 Grape) Mr., Bookseller, Liverpool, Four Copies. 
 Gray, Richard, Esq., Auditor's Office, Whitehall. 
 Griffith, Philip, Esq., Pall- Mall. 
 Gwillim, Sir Henry, Knt., Staplefield Common, Crawley, 
 
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 Hamper, William, Esq., Deritend-House, Birmingham. 
 Houlston and Son, Messrs., Booksellers, Wellington. 
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 Keate, John, D. D., Head Master of Eton College. 
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 Luscombe, H. M., D. D., Head Master of The East India 
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 Markland, James Heywood, Esq., Inner Temple, Large 
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 Merevale, John, Esq., Lincoln's Inn. 
 
 Mills, The Revd. W., Harrow. 
 
 Nottingham, The Wardens of The Free Grammar School in. 
 
 Oliver, The Revd. George, Exeter. 
 
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 Pigott, William Foster, D. D., 35 Montague Square. 
 
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 at Rugby.
 
 BEDFORD. 
 
 1 HE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at BEDFORD was founded, 
 by Letters Patent of King EDWARD the Sixth, bearing date 
 the 1 5th of August, in the Sixth year of his reign, 1552, on 
 the Petition of The Mayor, Bailiffs, Burgesses, and Com- 
 monalty of the Town of Bedford, for the education, institu- 
 tion, and instruction of children and youth in grammar and 
 good manners, to endure for ever. The same School to be 
 of one Master, and one Usher. And THE WARDENS and 
 FELLOWS of NEW COLLEGE, in Oxford, were thereby con- 
 stituted Visitors of the said Grammar School, and Nomina- 
 tors and Admittors of it's Master and Usher, with power to 
 remove them for just causes, and to appoint others to act in 
 their stations. 
 
 And, to the end that their intent should take the better 
 effect, His Majesty gave licence to the Mayor and Com- 
 
 VOL. I. B
 
 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD. 
 
 monalty, that they, or their successors, might have and en- 
 joy any possessions whatsoever, to the yearly value of 40., 
 above all charges and reprises, of the gift or assignment of 
 any person or persons whatsoever, in and to the sustentation 
 of the said MASTER and USHER, and for the continuance of 
 the said School for ever ; for the MARRIAGE of POOR MAIDS 
 of the said town; and for POOR CHILDREN, there to be 
 nourished and informed ; and also of the surplusage coming 
 or remaining of the premises, to distribute in ALMS to the 
 POOR of the said town for the time being. 
 
 By Indenture bearing date the 22d day of April, in the 
 Eighth year of the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, 1566, and 
 made between the said Mayor and Commonalty of the one 
 part, and Sir WILLIAM HARPUR, Knight, and Alderman 
 of the City of London, and Dame ALICE his wife, of the 
 other part, after reciting the said Letters Patent, it is wit- 
 nessed, That the said Mayor and Commonalty did thereby 
 erect and establish a Free and Perpetual School, within the 
 Town of Bedford, in a Messuage there, commonly called 
 " THE FREE SCHOOL HOUSE," which the said Sir WIL- 
 LIAM HARPUR of late built ; and elected and admitted one 
 Master, and one Usher, of the said School. 
 
 That the said Sir WILLIAM HARPUK and Dame ALICE, 
 for the better maintenance of the said School, did grant unto 
 the said Mayor and Commonalty the said School-House, 
 with the premises adjoining; and also thirteen acres and 
 one rood of meadow, therein particularly described, lying in 
 divers parcels in or near the Parish of SAINT ANDREW, 
 HOLBORN, in the County of Middlesex, to hold the same, 
 according to the form of the said Letters Patent. 
 
 By an Act of Parliament passed in the 4 Geo. IIL, 
 after reciting as before is stated, and that after granting the 
 said thirteen acres one rood, some part thereof was lost by 
 encroachments made thereon, and that other part thereof* 
 was granted to Sir THOMAS FISHER, Baronet, under the
 
 BEDFORD.] BEDFORD. 3 
 
 authority of the High Court of Chancery, for other lands 
 belonging to him, so that the same was reduced to about 
 
 O O * 
 
 twelve acres, one rood, and thirteen poles, which was granted 
 upon lease in the manner there mentioned ; and that, in 
 consequence of such lease, and other derivative leases, a 
 great number of houses and buildings were erected on the 
 said ground ; and that several new streets were formed, 
 designed, and made, out of part of the said premises, for 
 the use of the Public, viz. BEDFORD STREET, BEDFORD 
 Row, BEDFORD COURT, PRINCES STREET, THEOBALD'S 
 ROAD, NORTH STREET, EAST STREET, LAMB'S CONDUIT 
 STREET, QUEEN STREET, EAGLE STREET, BOSWELL COURT, 
 and other streets and courts thereto adjoining, lying and 
 being in the several parishes of ST. ANDREW, Holborn, and 
 ST. GEORGE, Queen Square; and that, by means thereof, the 
 yearly rents of the Trust Premises were then increased to a 
 considerable amount, and that great improvements were 
 proposed to be made in the said Charity Estate, by letting 
 part of the houses, upon building or repairing leases ; 
 whereby, according to the best computations, the whole of 
 the said Charity Estate was likely to produce, from the year 
 1766, a clear yearly income of about 3000. 
 
 It was (amongst other things) enacted, That the Mayor, 
 Recorder, Aldermen, and other persons in the same Act 
 named, should, from and after the 25th of June, 1764, be 
 TRUSTEES, for the setting and managing the said Charity 
 Estate and Charity, and for carrying into execution the 
 RULES set forth in the Schedule thereunto annexed. 
 
 And, That the Trustees appointed as aforesaid, and to 
 be elected in pursuance of the said Act, should be styled 
 " THE MASTERS, GOVERNORS, and TRTSTEES of THE BED- 
 FORD CHARITY," and should use a Common Seal, round 
 which should be inscribed the following words, '* THE 
 SEAL OF THE MASTERS, GOVERNORS, and TRUSTEES OF THE 
 BEDFORD CHARITY ;" And that the Trustees should and 
 
 B2
 
 4 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD. 
 
 might implead and be impleaded, and should be enabled to 
 purchase lands, for the purposes in the Schedule mentioned, 
 and other buildings proper and necessary for the use of the 
 said Charity, not exceeding the yearly value of 50. 
 
 And that the Trustees should be empowered to erect, in 
 the Chancel of ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, in the Town of Bed- 
 ford, where the said Sir WILLIAM HARPUR, and Dame 
 ALICE, his wife, lie interred, a MO>JTTMT?.NT of marble ; 
 likewise a STATUE in front of the said Grammar School ; 
 with proper inscriptions thereon, in testimony of that Town's 
 gratitude and reverence to the memory of those munificent 
 Founders of that great Charity ; which Monument and 
 Statue have been erected accordingly. 
 
 By another Act passed in the 33 Geo. III., 1793, after 
 reciting the above mentioned Act, and that the said Estates 
 having been let upon building and repairing leases, as the 
 former leases thereof had fallen in, the yearly rents thereof 
 had been greatly increased since the passing of the said 
 Act ; and as many leases of other parts of the same Estate 
 would expire at different periods, and might be further con- 
 siderably increased ; 
 
 And that it had been found, that the directions given by 
 the said Act, and the Schedule, for the application of the 
 rents of the said Trust Estates, were in some instances im- 
 proper, and occasioned many inconveniencies to the inhabi- 
 tants of the Town ; and that the premises might be managed, 
 and the rents applied in a manner much more advantageous 
 for the objects of the said Charity ; 
 
 It was enacted, That the Act of the 4 Geo. III., and 
 the Schedule thereto annexed, and all the Rules, Orders, and 
 Directions by the same Act and Schedule mentioned, should 
 be repealed ; 
 
 And by this Act of 1793, it was enacted, That the Lord- 
 Lieutenant, and Representatives in Parliament for the time 
 being, of the County of Bedford, the Mayor, Recorder,
 
 BEDFORD.] BEDFORD. 5 
 
 Aldermen, Common Council, Bailiffs, Chamberlains, and 
 Representatives in Parliament for the time being of the said 
 Town of Bedford, the Master and Usher of the Grammar 
 School for the time being, and eighteen Inhabitants of the 
 said Town, who should be chosen in the manner therein-after 
 mentioned, and their respective successors, to be chosen in 
 like manner, should be TRUSTEES of the several Estates 
 belonging to the said Charity, and should let and manage 
 the same, and apply the Rents, Issues, and Profits thereof 
 in such manner as by the Rules, Orders, and Directions con- 
 tained in the Schedule hereunto annexed, is directed and 
 expressed. 
 
 The following is The SCHEDULE, to which the foregoing 
 Act refers : 
 
 Containing RULES, ORDERS, and DIRECTIONS, for the 
 Government and Management of the Charity, founded in the 
 Town and Borough of Bedford, in the County of Bedford, 
 pursuant to Letters Patent granted by His late Majesty 
 King Edward the Sixth, and the Grant of Sir William 
 Harpur, and Dame Alice, his Wife, and of the Disposition 
 and Application of the Fund, given and provided by the 
 same Grant, for the Charitable Purposes therein and here- 
 in-after mentioned. 
 
 I. That a General Meeting of the Trustees of the said Charity 
 shall be held on the second day next after the election of the 
 said eighteen Trustees, as in the said Act mentioned, and a like 
 General Meeting of the Trustees of the said Charity, for the 
 time being, shall be held on the first Wednesday in the four 
 several months of July, October, January, and April, in every 
 year for ever thereafter ; and that like General Meetings shall 
 be held oftener, if occasion shall require, upon notice thereof 
 being given, by the order of any six or more of the said Trustees, 
 by causing such notice to be published on a Sunday, immediately 
 after the Morning Service, in each of the Parish Churches in 
 the said Town of Bedford, fourteen days at the least before 
 the time appointed for every such Meeting j and that any thir- 
 teen or more of the said Trustees for the time being, assembled 
 at any such Meeting as aforesaid, but not less, shall be compe- 
 tent to proceed to any business relating to the said Charity; and 
 at the first Meeting to be called as aforesaid, the Trustees then
 
 6 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD. 
 
 present, or the majority of them, shall choose an Honorary Pre- 
 sident, who shall be one of the Trustees of the said Charity, and 
 shall continue in that office during his life, or during so long 
 time thereof as he shall think proper 5 and after the death of 
 such President, or his refusal to continue in that office/ another 
 President shall in like manner be chosen in his place, at the 
 Meeting of the said Trustees to be held next after his death, or 
 refusal to act as President as aforesaid ; and in like manner a 
 new President shall be chosen on every similar event ; and each 
 such President shall annually appoint a Vice President, who 
 shall be an inhabitant of the said Town of Bedford, and one of 
 the Trustees of the said Charity. 
 
 II. That, the arrears of the salaries, and other reasonable de- 
 mands of the several Masters and Ushers of the said Grammar 
 School and Writing School, the Receiver of the rents of the said 
 trust estate and premises, and all other persons, who have been, 
 or shall be employed in and about the said Charity, and all 
 other debts due and owing from or on account of the said Cha- 
 rity, shall be paid and satisfied out of the money now in the 
 hands of the said Receiver, or any other person belonging to the 
 said Charity, or out of the future rents and profits of the said 
 Charity Estate ; and the Trustees assembled at any such General 
 Meeting or Meetings as aforesaid, or the major part of them so 
 assembled, are hereby authorized to make orders for the pay- 
 ment thereof, as they shall judge proper. 
 
 III. That the Messuage or Tenement, built by the said Sir 
 William Harpur, called The Schoolmaster's House, in the said 
 Town of Bedford, shall be the place of residence of the Master 
 of the said Grammar School for the time being ; and that the 
 said School shall be the place in which all the children of the 
 said Town of Bedford, or so many of them as shall resort thereto 
 for their education, shall from time to time be educated and 
 instructed in grammar, reading, writing, and other useful 
 learning, and good manners, in such manner as the Warden and 
 Fellows of New College in Oxford, the Visitors of the said Gram- 
 mar School, appointed by the aforesaid Letters Patent, and the 
 Trustees for the time being of the said Charity, assembled at 
 any such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the major part of 
 them so assembled, shall order and direct. 
 
 IV. That the several houses and buildings which have been 
 erected, and are now appropriated for the habitation of the 
 Master, Usher, and Writing Master of the said Free School, and 
 their respective families, shall, from time to time, for ever here- 
 after, be supported, upheld, maintained, rebuilt, and kept in 
 good and sufficient order and repair, by and out of the rents and 
 profits of the said Charity Estate, in such manner as to the
 
 BEDFORD.] BEDFORD. 7 
 
 Trustees of the said Charity, assembled at any such General 
 Meeting as aforesaid, or the major part of them, shall seem 
 meet, proper, and expedient, and as they shall from tune to 
 time order and direct} and that the said Master, Usher, and 
 Writing Master, be respectively provided, out of the said rents 
 and profits, with coals and candles, sufficient for the use of 
 themselves and their respective families. 
 
 V. That the present Master and Usher of the said Grammar 
 School, and also the present Writing Master and his Assistant, 
 shall be continued in their respective offices until they shall re- 
 spectively die, or resign, or be removed ; and that the Master 
 and Usher of the said Grammar School, for the time being, 
 shall always be Fellows of New College aforesaid, or clergymen 
 of the Church of England, properly qualified to teach the Latin 
 and Greek languages, and shall severally be enabled to hold any 
 ecclesiastical benefice or benefices, during so long time as they 
 respectively shall continue Master or Usher of the said School, 
 and reside at the houses appointed for their respective residences 
 as aforesaid, and attend the said School ; and that they shall be 
 respectively nominated and appointed, from time to time, upon 
 every vacancy, by the AVarden and Fellows of New College 
 aforesaid, within the space of three calendar months next after 
 notice in writing shall have been given to them of such vacancy 
 by the Trustees of the said Charity, or their Clerk for the time 
 being ; and in case the Master and Usher so to be nominated, 
 or either of them, shall neglect or refuse to take upon them or 
 him, and execute, the office or employment to which they or he 
 shall be so appointed as aforesaid, within the space of three 
 weeks next after such appointment, then, and in such case, the 
 party so nominated and appointed shall and may be removed by 
 the said Trustees, assembled at any such General Meeting as 
 aforesaid, or the major part of them ; and the Warden and Fel- 
 lows of New College aforesaid, on notice being given to them as 
 aforesaid, shall, within three calendar months after such notice, 
 nominate some other person or persons, qualified as aforesaid, 
 to be Master or Usher of the said School ; and that if the said 
 Warden and Fellows shall at any time hereafter refuse or neg- 
 lect to nominate and appoint a Master or Usher of the said 
 School, within the space of three calendar months next after 
 such notice shall have been given to them of any such vacancy 
 or removal as aforesaid, then, and in every such case, the said 
 Trustees assembled at any such General Meeting as aforesaid, 
 or the major part of them, shall and may nominate and appoint 
 a proper Master or Usher, in such and the same manner as the 
 said Warden and Fellows might have done, and every such 
 nomination and appointment shall be binding and conclusive for 
 each such time and turn only ; and that the said Wardens and
 
 8 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD. 
 
 Fellows of New College, shall at all times hereafter have the 
 power of removing the present Master and Usher, or any future 
 Master and Usher of the said School, or either of them, for just 
 and reasonable causes, and of appointing another or others in 
 his or their stead j and that a Writing Master, properly qualified 
 to teach reading, writing, and arithmetic, as well as one or 
 more Assistant or Assistants to such Writing Master, shall from 
 time to time, as often as occasion shall require, be appointed by 
 the Trustees of the said Charity, assembled at any such General 
 Meeting as aforesaid, or the major part of them, and the 
 Trustees so assembled, or the major part of them, shall at all 
 times be at liberty to dismiss or remove any such Writing Mas- 
 ter or Assistant for just and reasonable causes. 
 
 VI. That there shall be allowed and paid, out of the rents 
 and profits of the said Charity estate, unto the said Master, 
 Usher, Writing Master, and Assistants for the time being, such 
 yearly salaries as herein-after are mentioned: (that is to say), 
 To the Master of the said Grammar School the yearly sum of 
 two hundred pounds, and as many additional yearly sums of 
 three pounds as will be equal to the number of boys who shall 
 be educated at the said school in each year, provided such addi- 
 tional sums do not amount to more than the sum of sixty pounds 
 in any one year : to the Usher for the time being of the said 
 school, the yearly sum of one hundred pounds, and such addi- 
 tional yearly sum as will be equal to the additional yearly sum 
 to be paid to the Master of the said school, as aforesaid : To the 
 Writing Master of the said school, the yearly sum of eighty 
 pounds j and to each Assistant to be employed in the said school, 
 any yearly sum not exceeding the sum of forty pounds : Which 
 said several yearly sums shall be paid by half-yearly payments, 
 on the twenty-fifth day of March and the twenty-ninth day of 
 September in every year, for ever hereafter, clear of deductions ; 
 and a proportionable part of such salaries respectively shall be 
 paid to the executors, administrators, or assigns of such Masters, 
 Usher, and Assistants respectively, up to the days of their re- 
 spective deaths, for and in respect of the incurring half-year 
 wherein they may respectively happen to die ; but their present 
 salaries only shall be payable up to the twenty-fifth day of March 
 one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, from which time 
 their salaries hereby provided shall become payable. 
 
 VII. That all the children of inhabitants of the said town of 
 Bedford, who shall have been born and resident in the said town, 
 or the precincts thereof, and who shall come to the said school 
 to be educated, shall be taught and instructed by the said Master 
 and Usher, Writing Master, and Assistants, for the time being, 
 in such manner as the said Master and Usher, Writing Master, 
 and Assistants, respectively, with the approbation of the Trus-
 
 BEDFORD.] BEDFORD. 9 
 
 tees, assembled at any such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the 
 major part of them so assembled, shall think proper, without 
 any fee, reward, or gratuity whatsoever ; and also that the chil- 
 dren of all persons being parishioners of, or whose place of 
 settlement shall be in either of the parishes in the said town of 
 Bedford, shall in like manner be taught and instructed, during 
 the tune that such persons shall respectively occupy an house or 
 houses in the said Town, notwithstanding their children were 
 not born in the said town ; and that the said Master and Usher, 
 Writing Master, and Assistants, shall at all times reside and live 
 in the houses provided for them respectively $ but no boy shall 
 be admitted into the said School, for the first tune, who shall 
 have attained the age of Fourteen Years. 
 
 VIII. That all printed and other Books, Pens, Papers, Slates, 
 Coals, Candles, and other Conveniences proper and necessary to 
 be provided for the use of the said School Rooms, and the Boys 
 to be therein educated and instructed, shall from time to time be 
 found and provided by the Trustees of the said Charity, and the 
 costs, charges, and expences of providing the same shall be 
 yearly or oftener paid and discharged out of the rents, issues, 
 and profits of the said Charity Estate, at such tunes and in such 
 manner as the said Trustees assembled at any such General 
 Meeting as aforesaid, or the major part of them, shall order and 
 direct : And the room to be appropriated for teaching English, 
 Writing, and Arithmetic, shall be separate and apart from the 
 other room or rooms, wherein the learned Languages shall be 
 taught. 
 
 IX. That the Warden and Fellows of New College, in Oxford, 
 who are appointed Visitors of the said Free Grammar School by 
 the aforesaid Letters Patent, shall, on the First Thursday in the 
 month of May, which will be in the year of our Lord one thou- 
 sand seven hundred and ninety-four, and on the First Thursday 
 in the month of May in every succeeding year, for ever, depute 
 and send Two sufficient Visitors to the said Grammar School, 
 who shall then and there, in a publick manner, examine the 
 boys in their learning, and who shall as Visitors examine into 
 the conduct of the Master and Usher of the said School, and also 
 into all faults and neglects respecting the same School, and 
 make a report thereof to the said Warden and Fellows ; and 
 that each such Visitor shall be paid, out of the rents and profits 
 of the said Charity Estate, the expences of his journey, which 
 shall be allowed by the Trustees for the time being of the said 
 Charity who shall be present at their General Meeting next after 
 every such visitation, or by a majority of them. 
 
 X. That, from and after the twenty-fifth day of April in the 
 said year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four, the Trus-
 
 10 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD. 
 
 tees of the said Charity for the time being shall, from time to 
 time, for ever, grant Exhibitions of forty pounds per annum to 
 each of such of the Scholars going from the said Grammar 
 School to either of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, as 
 the Visitors to be sent by the Warden and Fellows of New 
 College aforesaid, and the Head Master for the time being of the 
 said School, or the majority of them, shall, after due examina- 
 tion by such Visitors, deem most worthy of preference, but so 
 as that there shall not be more than three Scholars receiving 
 exhibitions at any one time ; and that no Scholar shall hold such 
 exhibition more than once, or for a longer term than six years ; 
 and only such Scholars shall hold or receive such exhibitions, 
 who shall have been at the said School during four years in the 
 whole ; and each such exhibitioner shall reside in the University 
 to which he shall belong seven months in every year during the 
 time he shall hold his exhibition, such residence being to com- 
 mence on the day of his becoming a member of the University 
 to which he shall be sent ; and shall once in every such year 
 procure and cause to be shewn to the said Trustees for the time 
 being, at one of their General Meetings, a certificate from the 
 Principal and one of the Tutors of his College, that he has so 
 resided as aforesaid, and that he has been attentive to his studies, 
 and moral and exemplary in his conduct ; and if any such Scholar 
 shall refuse or neglect to present, or shall not be able, from his 
 misconduct, to procure such certificate as aforesaid, his exhibi- 
 tion shall cease and be discontinued from the time of the last 
 preceding payment thereof, in such and the same manner as if 
 he had then held or received it for the term of six years ; but 
 this clause shall not, before the twenty-fifth day of April, which 
 will be in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and 
 ninety- six, prevent any such exhibition or exhibitions being given 
 in the mean tune to any boy or boys who may have been ad- 
 mitted into the said School before the age of fourteen years, and 
 since removed to any other School or Schools, if, after such ex- 
 amination as aforesaid, he or they shall be deemed by the said 
 Visitors and Head Master, or a majority of them, sufficiently 
 qualified to be sent to either of the said Universities, although 
 such boy or boys shall not have been four years at the said 
 School. 
 
 XI. That there shall be applied and distributed, yearly and 
 every year, jout of the rents, issues, and profits of the said Cha- 
 rity Estate, the sum of eight hundred pounds for the Marriage 
 Portions of forty poor Maids of the said Town of Bedford, of good 
 fame and reputation, in equal shares, at the tunes and in the 
 manner herein-after directed ; and for that purpose the Trustees 
 of the said Charity, for the time being, shall, four times in every
 
 BEDFORD.] BEDFORD, 11 
 
 year, give three weeks publick notice in the said Town of Bed- 
 ford, that they propose and intend to meet in the Town Hall 
 aforesaid, to consider of poor Maidens to whom Portions shall 
 be given on their respective marriages ; and all poor Maidens, 
 resident in the said Town of Bedford, and being of the age of 
 sixteen years, or upwards, and under the age of fifty years, and 
 desirous of being candidates for such portions, (whose fathers, . 
 not being certificated persons from parishes out of the said Town 
 of Bedford, shall either have been occupiers of one or more 
 house or houses in the said town, for the space of ten years next 
 preceding their becoming candidates for such portions, or shall 
 have been born in the said town, and shall have been occupiers 
 of one or more house or houses therein for the space of three 
 years next preceding their becoming candidates) shall and may 
 be at liberty to send to the Mayor of the said town, or to the 
 Churchwardens of the Parish wherein they shall then respec- 
 tively reside, an account in writing of their Christian and Sur- 
 names, their ages, the places of then- births, and the names of 
 their parents ; and that all such poor Maidens, not being of bad 
 fame and reputation, who shall have given in such account as 
 aforesaid, one week at the least before the several times after- 
 mentioned, shall be permitted to draw lots, on the Monday next 
 after Easter-Day, on the Second Monday after Midsummer- Day , 
 on the Second Monday after Michaelmas- Day, and on the Mon- 
 day next after Christmas- Day, in every year, for ten sums of 
 twenty pounds each, on every of the same days ; the first drawing 
 of such lots to be on the Second Monday after Michaelmas-Day, 
 one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three : And that each of 
 the ten poor Maidens so qualified as aforesaid, who shall draw 
 the ten beneficial lots, on each of the said several days, shall be 
 entitled to receive, upon the day of her marriage, the sum of 
 twenty pounds for her portion, provided she shall marry within 
 the space of two calendar months from the tune of drawing such 
 beneficial lot, and provided she shall not marry a vagrant, or 
 other person of bad fame or reputation, but not otherwise. 
 
 XII. That poor Maidens of the age mentioned in the preced- 
 ing order, and being daughters of persons of the description 
 mentioned in the same order, who shall have gone apprentices 
 or to service out of the said Town of Bedford, and thereby gained 
 settlements in their own rights, shall be at liberty and have a 
 right to become candidates for such marriage portions as afore- 
 said, in the same manner as if they had been resident in the 
 said Town ; and that all such poor maidens as shall not draw 
 beneficial lots at one time, shall (if not married in the interim) 
 be admitted to draw lots again at any future time. 
 
 XIII. That the several poor Maidens qualified in the manner
 
 12 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD. 
 
 mentioned in the two preceding orders, who shall have been 
 admitted to draw lots for marriage portions as aforesaid, and 
 shall not have drawn beneficial lots, shall at the next Meeting 
 of the Trustees, for the purpose of giving portions to poor 
 Maidens, be entitled, if then married, to the like sums of twenty 
 pounds each for their respective portions, in preference to any 
 other poor Maidens who shall then be candidates for such por- 
 tions, provided they shall not have married vagrants, or other 
 persons of bad fame or reputation. 
 
 XIV. That if any part of the said yearly sum of eight hun- 
 dred pounds, for the marriage of poor maidens as aforesaid, 
 shall, upon the second Monday after Michaelmas Day one thou- 
 sand seven hundred and ninety-three, or on the second Monday 
 after Michaelmas Day, which will be in the year of our Lord 
 one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four, remain unapplied 
 for that purpose, then such residue shall, on the first Monday in 
 the month of December in the same years, be paid and distri- 
 buted equally unto and amongst such poor maid servants (if 
 any) not being of bad fame or reputation, then resident in the 
 said Town of Bedford, as shall have been in service in the said 
 Town for the space of five successive years, and shall have been 
 married within one year before such distribution shall be made, 
 and shall produce certificates from their respective Masters or 
 Mistresses of their service and good behaviour ; so as the sum 
 to be paid to each poor maid servant do not exceed the sum of 
 twenty pounds. 
 
 XV. That the House or Hospital which hath been already 
 erected and built for the habitation of poor boys and girls, born 
 and resident within the said Town of Bedford, who are proper 
 objects of charity, together with the offices and outbuildings 
 thereto belonging, shall from time to tune, for ever hereafter, 
 be upheld, maintained, supported, and kept in good and suffi- 
 cient order and repair, and that so many of such poor boys and 
 girls shall be taken into the said House, monthly or oftener, as 
 the said Trustees of the said Charity for the tune being, assem- 
 bled at any such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the major 
 part of them so assembled, shall from time to time think pro- 
 per ; which said boys and girls shall be provided with such 
 proper and suitable nourishment, bedding, clothes, linen, and 
 other necessaries, and with proper Nurses and other Assistants, 
 to take care of them, until they are of a proper age to be placed 
 or put out to trade, agriculture, or other business, in the man- 
 ner herein-after mentioned, and in the mean time shall be em- 
 ployed and kept to work, in framing, knitting, and spuming 
 wool, or in any other branch of manufacture, in such manner as 
 the Trustees of the said Charity, assembled at any such General
 
 BEDFORD.] BEDFORD. 13 
 
 Meeting as aforesaid, or the major part of them,, shall from 
 time to time order, direct, and appoint ; and that the expenses 
 of keeping the said House, with the Offices and Outbuildings 
 thereto belonging, in repair, and the wages of Nurses and other 
 persons necessary and proper to be employed for the purposes 
 mentioned in this order, and also the expenses of laying in pro- 
 visions, furniture, clothes, linen, and other necessaries, and of 
 finding and providing wool and other commodities for keeping 
 the said boys and girls to work as aforesaid, shall be regulated 
 and paid, and satisfied by and out of the rents, issues, and profits 
 of the said Charity Estate, in such manner as the Trustees 
 assembled at any such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the 
 major part of them, shall from time to time order and direct, 
 so as the same do not exceed the yearly sum of three hundred 
 pounds, exclusive of taxes and expenses of repairs ; and that 
 there shall be at least twenty-six children in the Hospital. 
 
 XVI. That the sum of seven hundred pounds, further part of 
 the rents, issues, and profits of the said Charity Estate, shall 
 yearly and every year, for ever, by two half-yearly sums of 
 three hundred and fifty pounds, be applied and disposed of in 
 and for the placing out twenty poor children apprentices every 
 half year, viz. fifteen boys, not being under the age of thirteen, 
 nor above the age of fifteen years, and five girls, not being 
 under the age of twelve, nor above the age of fifteen years, 
 whose respective fathers, not being certificated persons from 
 parishes out of the said Town of Bedford, shall either have 
 actually been occupiers of one or more house or houses in the 
 said Town of Bedford, for the space of ten years next preceding 
 their children being so apprenticed, or have been born in the 
 said Town, and been occupiers of one or more house or houses 
 therein, for the space of three years then next preceding ; and 
 that all such poor boys and girls, respectively qualified as afore- 
 said, whose names shall have been given in, either to the Mayor 
 of the said Town of Bedford, or to the Churchwardens for the 
 time being of the Parish in which their fathers shall respectively 
 reside, one calendar month before the respective times of draw- 
 ing lots after mentioned, shall be permitted to draw lots on the 
 second Tuesday after Michaelmas Day, and the second Tuesday 
 after Lady Day, in every year, the first drawing of such lots to 
 be on the second Tuesday after Michaelmas Day one thousand 
 seven hundred and ninety-three ; and that the sum of twenty 
 pounds shall be paid as the apprentice fee with each of the 
 fifteen boys, and that ten pounds shall be paid as the apprentice 
 fee with each of the five girls who shall, on the several days 
 aforesaid, draw the beneficial lots, upon their being respectively 
 put or placed out apprentices, within the space of two calendar
 
 14 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD. 
 
 months after they shall have drawn such beneficial lots., to 
 Masters and Mistresses of good character and responsibility, to 
 be approved of by the said Trustees assembled at any such Ge- 
 neral Meeting as aforesaid, or the major part of them ; and that 
 the boys shall be bound for the space of seven years, and the 
 girls for the space of five years ; and that the girls shall be ap- 
 prenticed to such trades or occupations only as women usually 
 follow, (lacemaking excepted) ; and if, upon any of the afore- 
 said days appointed for drawing lots, the full number of fifteen 
 boys qualified as aforesaid, shall not become candidates, then, 
 and so often as the same shall happen, an additional number of 
 benefical lots shall be drawn for by the girls who shall offer 
 themselves as candidates, so that twenty beneficial lots may be 
 drawn for every half year $ and that the several indentures by 
 which such children as aforesaid shall be bound apprentices, 
 shall be freed from the stamp duty, in the same manner as all 
 indentures of apprenticeship now are, by the laws already in b- 
 ing, where apprentices are put out by charity. 
 
 XVII. That in case any of the poor children who shall draw 
 such beneficial lots as aforesaid, shall die, or shall be otherwise 
 disposed of, or shall not be put out apprentice within the space 
 of six calendar months from the time of his, her, or their draw- 
 ing such beneficial lots respectively, (unless the same shall hap- 
 pen by default of the Trustees, or be prevented by some inevit- 
 able accident), the money intended for such child or children 
 respectively shall be drawn for again, at some one or other of 
 the subsequent days appointed for drawing lots, and be applied 
 for the benefit of such child or children as shall become entitled 
 thereto by drawing a beneficial lot. 
 
 XVIII. That such of the poor boys qualified as aforesaid, who 
 shall, upon any of the said days mentioned in the sixteenth 
 order, have drawn the unsuccessful lots, shall have the prefer- 
 ence at the next succeeding day or days appointed for drawing 
 lots for the apprenticing money, and shall be entitled to the 
 sum of twenty pounds, to be paid upon their being respectively 
 put out apprentice, in preference to those boys who shall after- 
 wards apply. 
 
 XIX. That every boy and girl so put out apprentice as afore- 
 said, who shall actually serve the full term of his and her 
 apprenticeship, and in all respects comply with the tenor of his 
 and her respective indentures of apprenticeship, shall, on pro- 
 ducing to the Trustees of the said Charity, assembled at any such 
 General Meeting as aforesaid, within three calendar months 
 after the expiration of their respective apprenticeship, a certifi- 
 cate, signed by their respective Masters or Mistresses, and by 
 the Minister and Churchwardens of the Parish where they shall
 
 BEDFOBD.] BEDFORD. 15 
 
 have respectively served their apprenticeship, testifying such 
 actual service and compliance with the tenor of their indentures, 
 as well as their good morals and behaviour respectively, or on 
 producing/ such other proof thereof as the said Trustees so 
 assembled, or the major part of them, shall require, but not 
 otherwise, be entitled to receive such sum of money, not exceed- 
 ing twenty pounds, nor less than ten pounds, each, as the said 
 Trustees so assembled, or the major part of them, shall judge 
 proper and expedient, and such Trustees, or the major part of 
 them, shall and may direct the payment thereof accordingly. 
 
 XX. That no contract or agreement shall be made or entered 
 into by the Trustees of the said Charity, assembled at any Meet- 
 ing as aforesaid, or the major part of them, with any person or 
 persons whomsoever, for the erecting, making, or repairing any 
 buildings, or for any materials, furniture, or other things neces- 
 sary for completing and furnishing the same, unless one calen- 
 dar month's notice shall have been previously given, in each of 
 the Parish Churches in the said Town of Bedford, upon a Sun- 
 day, immediately after Morning Service, of the intention of the 
 Trustees to enter into such contract or agreement ; and that no 
 such contract shall be entered into with any person being a 
 Trustee of the said Charity ; but this order shall not extend to 
 such persons as shall supply or have supplied the said Charity 
 with articles of food or raiment in the usual manner, nor to 
 expenses or bills for ordinary repairs. 
 
 XXI. That all matrons, servants, and other officers, persons, 
 and attendants, proper and necessary to be employed in and 
 about the said House or Hospital so already erected, for the care 
 and nourishmentjof poor children as aforesaid, shall from time to 
 tune be nominated, elected, and appointed, by the Trustees of 
 the said Charity assembled at any such General Meeting as 
 aforesaid, or the major part of them, when and as often, and 
 with such fees yearly or other salaries and allowances, as to 
 them the said Trustees, or the major part of them, shall seem 
 proper and expedient ; and such person or persons so to be no- 
 minated and appointed, shall be liable to be removed and dis- 
 charged from their respective offices or employments, by the 
 Trustees so assembled, or the major part of them, for any ill 
 conduct or misbehaviour. 
 
 XXII. That if at any tune hereafter it shall appear, on the 
 making up and settling the annual accounts of the said Charity 
 Estate and Charity, that the monies issued and applied, or di- 
 rected to be issued' and applied, shall in any one year have 
 exceeded the clear profits and produce of the said Charity 
 Estate, then, and so often as the same shall happen, such excess 
 shall be reimbursed, paid, and satisfied out of the first monies
 
 .16 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD. 
 
 which shall be received from the said Charity Estate j and the 
 said Trustees for the time being shall lessen, decrease, vary, and 
 alter the next succeeding yearly payments and expenditure, so 
 and in such manner as that the same shall not exceed the yearly 
 income and produce of the said Charity Estate. 
 
 XXIII. That John Heaven, the present Receiver of the rents 
 and profits of the said Charity Estate, and Edward Chapman, 
 the present Clerk to the Trustees of the said Charity, shall con- 
 tinue to be such receiver and clerk respectively, with their 
 respective present salaries or allowances, until they shall respec- 
 tively die or resign ; and that they or either of them shall not 
 be removed from their respective offices, but for ill conduct or 
 misbehaviour j and that after the death or removal of such 
 receiver or clerk respectively, or of any future receiver or clerk 
 to be appointed as herein after is mentioned, the said Trustees 
 assembled at any such Meeting as aforesaid, or the major part 
 of them, shall and may, from time to time, nominate and ap- 
 point some other fit and proper person or persons to be receiver 
 or clerk, with the like salary or salaries j and that every future 
 receiver and clerk shall be appointed for life, and shall not be s 
 removed but for ill conduct and misbehaviour j and that the 
 Trustees assembled at any such Meeting as aforesaid, or the 
 major part of them, shall and may, at any tune or tunes here- 
 after, nominate and appoint any fit and proper person and per- 
 sons to be surveyor or surveyors of the said Charity Estate, with 
 such salary or salaries or other allowance for his or their trouble 
 and care therein, as to the said Trustees so assembled, or the 
 major part of them, shall seem proper and necessary j and shall 
 and may remove and displace the person or persons so to be ap- 
 pointed surveyor or surveyors, and appoint others in their re- 
 spective places and stead, from tune to tune, as often as occasion 
 shall require ; and that every future receiver shall give security, 
 by recognizance or statute staple, with two sureties, (by which 
 they shall be respectively bound in the penalty of five thousand 
 pounds; and every such receiver and surety shall severally 
 swear themselves to be worth that sum), for his and their due 
 accounting for the rents and profits of the said Charity Estate. 
 
 XXIV. That, in order that the said John Heaven, and all 
 future Receivers of the rents and profits of the said Charity Es- 
 tate hereafter to be nominated and appointed as aforesaid, may 
 the better attend to and look after the repairs necessary to be 
 done to the said Charity Estate, and receive the rents and profit* 
 thereof, he the said John Heaven, and such future Receivers re- 
 spectively, shall live and reside on some part of the said Charity 
 Estate, or within the distance of two miles from the same j and 
 the present and future Receivers shall attend the business of the
 
 BEDFORD.] BEDFORD. 17 
 
 said Charity, at the Town of Bedford, from time to time, and at 
 such times as the Trustees for the time being, assembled at any 
 such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the major part of *then>, 
 shall from time to time direct or appoint ; and shall, on the first 
 day of November, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, 
 and on the first day of November in every succeeding year, for 
 ever, unless the same shall happen on a Sunday, and in that 
 case on the following day, make up and deliver in all accounts 
 of receipts, payments, and applications of the rents and profits 
 of the said Charity Estate, and of the nature, circumstances, 
 and situation thereof, down to the Midsummer Day then next 
 preceding, which accounts shall be laid before the Trustees of 
 the said Charity, at their several Meetings, for their inspection ; 
 and the same accounts shall once in every year, or oftener, if 
 there shall be occasion, be settled, approved, allowed of, and 
 signed by the Trustees assembled at some such General Meeting 
 as aforesaid, or the major part of them, in such manner as they 
 shall think proper, and the same, when so allowed and signed, 
 shall be binding and conclusive to all Trustees of the said 
 Charity, and their successors, and the said accountant or receiver, 
 and all persons whomsoever, and shall be a sufficient discharge 
 to the persons making up and delivering in such accounts from 
 time to time accordingly ; and such accounts shall not be liable 
 to be opened, or afterwards set aside, on any pretence whatso- 
 ever, unless it can plainly be made appear, that there is an error 
 in such accounts to the amount of one hundred pounds or up- 
 wards. 
 
 XXV. That all accounts of the receipts, payments, and ap- 
 plication of the rents, issues, and profits of the said Charity 
 Estate, shall once in every year be printed and published, at the 
 expence of the said Charity, one calendar month at least before 
 the time appointed for passing the receiver's accounts, and be 
 delivered to all the inhabitants for the time being of the said 
 Town of Bedford, paying scot and lot, who shall apply for the 
 same to the Clerk to the said Trustees for the time being ; and 
 that one calendar month's previous notice shall be given, in each 
 of the Parish Churches in the said Town pf Bedford, of the day 
 on which the receiver's accounts shall be intended to be passed. 
 
 XXVI. That all public Meetings of the Trustees of the said 
 Charity shall be held in one of the rooms to be appropriated and 
 kept for that purpose in one of the buildings belonging to the 
 said Charity, where proper conveniences shall be made for 
 keeping and depositing the common seal of the said Trustees, 
 and all books of accounts, and other papers of or in anywise 
 belonging to the said Charity ; and the same shall be deposited 
 under three proper locks and keys ; one key whereof shall be 
 
 VOL. i. C
 
 18 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD 
 
 kept by the Mayor of the said Town of Bedford for the time 
 being, another by the Churchwardens of the Parish of Saint 
 Paul, in the said Town for the time being, and the other by a 
 proper person to be nominated and appointed by the Trustees 
 assembled at any such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the 
 major part of them, or by the Clerk to the said Trustees for the 
 time being ; and no person or persons (except the Trustees and 
 their Clerk) shall be permitted to peruse and inspect the same 
 books, accounts, and papers, or any of them, without an order 
 in writing under the hand of some one or more of the said 
 Trustees for that purpose first had and obtained. 
 
 XXVII. That whenever there shall be occasion to let any of 
 the houses and lands belonging to the said Charity, situate in 
 the County of Middlesex, either to tenants at will, or upon any 
 lease or leases, a skilful surveyor, to be nominated by the said 
 Trustees for the tune being, at any Meeting to be held as afore- 
 said, or a majority of them, shall be employed at the expence. of 
 the said Charity, to survey the premises so to be held as afore- 
 said, who shall make a proper estimate in writing of the value 
 thereof, and every such estimate or valuation shall be delivered 
 to the Trustees at their General Meeting next after every such 
 estimate or valuation shall have been made ; and immediately 
 afterwards proper advertisements shall be published in five daily 
 and five evening London newspapers, once in four successive 
 weeks at least, for letting such premises respectively j by which 
 advertisements respectively it shall be directed or made known 
 that each house will be let separately, and that such persons as 
 may be minded to become tenants of the premises so to be let 
 as aforesaid, or any part thereof, shall, on or before a certain 
 day to be appointed and mentioned in such advertisements re- 
 spectively for that purpose, send to the receiver for the time 
 being of the rents and profits of the said Charity Estates, pro- 
 posals in writing of the terms on which they are minded to .take 
 or become tenants of the premises so to be let as aforesaid, 
 which proposals so to be sent shall be delivered to the Trustees 
 for the time being of the said Charity, at their General Meeting 
 to be held next after the receipt of such proposals ; and, as soon 
 as conveniently may be after the day to be appointed or men- 
 tioned in such advertisements respectively, a Meeting of the said 
 Trustees shall be called, for the purpose of taking into con- 
 sideration the proposals to be sent in as aforesaid, of which 
 Meeting, and the purport thereof, proper notice shall be given 
 in all the said Parish Churches, and in one of the London news- 
 papers, at least ten days before every such Meeting shall be 
 held ; and at all such Meetings the proposals to be then taken 
 into consideration, and proper abstracts of them, shall be laid
 
 BEDFOHD.] BEDFORD. 19 
 
 before the Trustees then present; and such Trustees, or the 
 major part of them, shall agree to the highest, or such of the 
 said proposals as they or such major part shall approve of; and 
 if the highest proposal shall not be accepted, then the Trustees 
 shall enter a minute of the reason thereof, and sign it ; and 
 such Trustees, or the majority of them, shall then nominate a 
 Committee, not exceeding seven, nor less than five of the 
 Trustees of the said Charity, for the time being, of whom there 
 shall be three of the elected Trustees for the time being ; and 
 every such Committee shall meet in London, within sixteen, days 
 after it shall have been nominated as aforesaid, in order to carry 
 into effect the proposals to be approved of as aforesaid ; and of 
 every such Meeting, and the purport thereof, proper notice shall be 
 given in all the said Parish Churches, and by advertisements in 
 one or more of the London newspapers, at least ten days before 
 every such Meeting shall be held ; and that all contracts and 
 agreements to be signed by the said Trustees so to be nominated 
 and appointed for the purposes aforesaid, shall be binding and 
 conclusive to all the Trustees of the said Charity, and such 
 leases as shall be agreed to be made of the said Charity Estate 
 shall, (so soon as the same can conveniently be done), with the 
 approbation and consent of the said Trustees, or the major part . 
 of them, be sealed with the said common seal of the said 
 Trustees, which leases, being sealed at a public Meeting of the 
 said Trustees at Bedford, and signed by the Clerk, by the order 
 of the Trustees then present, shall be binding and conclusive to 
 the said Trustees and their successors, as effectually as if the 
 same leases were duly executed under their own hands and seals ; 
 provided that a counterpart of the same lease is executed by the 
 lessee or lessees of such lease or leases, and delivered to the 
 Clerk of the said Trustees, to be kept for their use. 
 
 XXVIII. That the expences of the Trustees attending in 
 London, for the purposes mentioned in the preceding order, or 
 to do any other necessary business concerning or in anywise 
 relating to the said Charity Estate, shall be allowed and paid 
 out of the rents and profits thereof, so as such expences, for 
 each person's coach hire to and from London, do not exceed one 
 guinea per day, and that his expences there do not exceed ten 
 shillings and sixpence per day, for so many days as the Trustees, 
 assembled at any such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the 
 major part of them, shall think proper and requisite in that 
 behalf. 
 
 XXIX. That the expences to be paid to the Clerk of the 
 Trustees, by each lessee, for a pair of. leases, shall not exceed 
 five guineas, and if any dispute shall arise concerning the same, 
 it shall be referred to and settled by the Trustees of the said 
 
 C2
 
 20 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD- 
 
 Charity, assembled at a General Meeting as aforesaid, or the 
 major part of them j and that no other fee, reward, or gratuity 
 whatsoever shall be paid to, or received by, the Clerk to the 
 said Trustees for the time being, for any business done by him 
 in relation to the said Charity Estate, upon any pretence what- 
 soever, other than and except the yearly salary or other allowance 
 which shall be ordered and allowed him by the Trustees of the 
 said Charity, assembled at a General Meeting, or the major 
 part of them as aforesaid, on pain of forfeiting his office ; and 
 that they, or such major part, shall have power to encrease such 
 salary to any sum not exceeding sixty-five pounds per annum 
 and that every future Clerk shall give security by a bond with 
 two sureties, by which they shall be respectively bound in the 
 penal sum of five hundred pounds, for his and their honestly 
 and faithfully accounting for all monies received, and executing 
 the said office of Clerk. 
 
 XXX. That in the mean time, and until all the debts now 
 due and owing from the said Charity Estate, and the expences 
 of erecting and building the several Alms Houses, directed to be 
 built by the following order, shall have been fully paid and dis- 
 charged, there shall be distributed yearly, out of the rents and 
 profits of the said Charity Estate, for the relief and support of 
 poor decayed housekeepers, and other proper objects, who shall 
 have lived and resided within the said Town of Bedford ten 
 years at least preceding the time of such distribution, any sum 
 or sums of money, not exceeding two hundred pounds in the 
 whole, at such parts of the winter season, in such proportions, 
 and in such manner, as the Trustees of the said Charity, as- 
 sembled at any such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the major 
 part of them, shall think proper. 
 
 XXXI. That, as soon as conveniently may be after the ex- 
 piration of such of the present leases of the said Charity Estate 
 as will expire at Midsummer Day one thousand seven hundred 
 and ninety-three, and after the payment and discharge of all 
 debts then due and owing from the said Charity Estate, 
 there shall be erected and built, and kept in repair for ever, in 
 some part of the said Town of Bedford, proper and suitable 
 Alms Houses, for the reception and habitation of ten poor old 
 men, and ten poor old women, being poor and deserving house- 
 keepers of the said Town of Bedford ; and that the expences of 
 erecting and building the same, and of keeping the same in 
 repair for ever, shall be paid out of the rents and profits of the 
 said Charity Estate, in such manner as the Trustees of the said 
 Charity, for the time being, assembled at any such General 
 Meeting as aforesaid, or the major part of them, shall from time 
 to tune order and direct ; and that immediately after the said
 
 BEDFORD.] BEDFORD. 21 
 
 Alms Houses shall be erected and built, such ten poor old men, 
 and ten poor old women, being decayed housekeepers of the 
 said Town of Bedford, as the Trustees of the said Charity, as- 
 sembled at any such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the major 
 part of them, shall think proper objects of charity, shall be 
 accordingly placed therein, and that to each of such poor old 
 men and women shall be allowed and paid, out of the said rents 
 and profits, weekly, for and towards their respective subsistence, 
 a sum not exceeding three shillings, and yearly, for and towards 
 their respective cloathing, a sum not exceeding forty shillings ; 
 but if a poor man and his wife shall be placed together in any of 
 the said Alms Houses, they shall be allowed and paid, out of 
 the said rents and profits, weekly, for and towards their subsist- 
 ence, a sum not exceeding five shillings for both ; and that all 
 the said poor old men and women, inhabiting the said Alms 
 Houses, shall, if able, go every Sunday to some place of public 
 worship in the said Town of Bedford, and shall be liable to be 
 removed, by the order of the Trustees of the said Charity, as- 
 sembled at any such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the major 
 part of them, for neglecting so to do, or for other misbehaviour ; 
 and all vacancies in the said Alms Houses which may happen 
 by means of any such removals as aforesaid, or by death, shall 
 from time to time be filled with proper objects of the description 
 aforesaid, by the said Trustees assembled as aforesaid, or the 
 major part of them. 
 
 XXXII. That, after all the debts due and owing from the said 
 Charity Estate, and the expences of erecting and building the 
 aforesaid Alms Houses, shall have been paid and discharged, there 
 shall be distributed annually, for ever, out of the rents and profits 
 of the said Charity Estate, to twenty poor girls, who shall have 
 been candidates for the apprenticing money provided by the 
 Sixteenth Order, and shall not have drawn the beneficial lots, 
 the sum of three pounds each, for cloathing them, upon their 
 respectively going out to service 5 and if more than twenty such 
 girls shall apply for this donation, they shall draw lots for the 
 same ; and that the further sum of two pounds shall be given 
 to the several girls who shall have received the donation of 
 three pounds, upon their having respectively been at service for 
 the space of one year, if such service shall have been with one 
 master or mistress, provided they shall respectively produce a 
 certificate of such service, signed by their respective masters or 
 mistresses, and by the Minister and Churchwardens for the time 
 being of the parish where they shall respectively have lived ; 
 and that none of such poor girls shall, by going out to service 
 as aforesaid, and receiving the said donations of three pounds 
 and two pounds, be prevented from becoming candidates for
 
 22 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD. 
 
 the marriage portions provided for poor Maidens by the Eleventh 
 Order. 
 
 XXXIII. That, after the debts due and owing from the said 
 Charity Estate, and the expences of erecting and building the 
 aforesaid Alms Houses, shall have been paid and discharged,, 
 the yearly sum of five hundred pounds, if the residue and sur- 
 plus of the rents and profits of the said Charity Estate, which 
 shall remain after paying, distributing, or providing for the se- 
 veral salaries, expences, and donations, by the preceding orders 
 directed to be paid or distributed, shall amount to so much, and 
 if not, then the whole of such residue and surplus, whatever it 
 may be, shall be applied and distributed for the relief and sup- 
 port of poor decayed housekeepers, and other proper objects, 
 who shall have lived and resided within the said Town of Bed- 
 ford ten years at least preceding such distribution, at such parts 
 of the winter season, in every year, in such proportions, and in 
 such manner, as the Trustees of the said Charity, assembled at 
 any such General Meeting as aforesaid, or the major part of 
 them, shall from time to time judge proper and expedient. 
 
 XXXIV. That if, after the payment and distribution of ths 
 several salaries, expences, and donations which are directed to 
 be paid and distributed by the several preceding orders, there 
 shall in any year still remain any part of the rents and profits of 
 the said Charity Estate unapplied, then all such residue and 
 surplus shall from time to time be applied and disposed of in 
 and for the erecting and building, and keeping in repair, for 
 ever, any other Alms House or Alms Houses, for the reception 
 and habitation of more poor old men and women, being de- 
 cayed housekeepers of the said Town of Bedford, and for en- 
 dowing the same, in the manner prescribed by the Thirty-first 
 Order, with respect to the Alms Houses thereby ordered to be 
 erected and built, or in building or purchasing and keeping in 
 repair, cottages or other buildings, to be let at low rents to the 
 indigent and industrious poor of the said Town of Bedford. 
 
 XXXV. That all questions upon the proceedings of the Trus- 
 tees of the said Charity, at any such Meeting as aforesaid, shall 
 be decided by vote, and in case of any equality of voices, the 
 President or Chairman shall have the casting vote. 
 
 The present income of this noble Charity is more than 
 60CO. per annum- 
 
 The School is limited to children born in the Town, and 
 those who are Inhabitants ; but Strangers are taken as 
 boarders. There is no limitation as to the privileged num- 
 ber of day scholars ; they are usually about twenty. They
 
 BEDFORD.] BEDFORD. 23 
 
 are admitted at the age of eight, and are superannuated at 
 eighteen. The form of admission is, by a certificate of bap- 
 tism, without nomination. 
 
 On the 25th of February, 1 8 1 1 , the following REGULA- 
 TIONS, for the management of BEDFOED SCHOOL, were sub- 
 mitted to and approved of by THE WARDEN and FELLOWS 
 of NEW COLLEGE, and by THE MASTERS, GOVERNORS, and 
 TRUSTEES of THE BEDFORD CHARITY : 
 
 I. The system of education, as in other Classical Schools, to 
 be regulated by the Master. 
 
 II. Either the Master, or the Usher, or both, will be always 
 present during school hours. 
 
 III. The school hours will be as follows : 
 
 Before Breakfast. 
 
 From Lady-day to Michaelmas, seven o'clock till nine. 
 From Michaelmas to Lady-day, eight o'clock till half-past nine. 
 
 sifter Breakfast. 
 
 During the Summer half-year, from half-past ten till twelve. 
 During the Winter half-year, from eleven o'clock till half-past 
 twelve. 
 
 Afternoon. 
 
 During the Summer half-year, from two till five. 
 During the Winter, from half-past three till six. 
 
 IV. Prayers will be read every morning before breakfast at 
 the commencement of the school tune, and at the end of it 
 every evening. 
 
 V. Every boy will be expected to attend most punctually at 
 the above stated hours, with his lesson and exercises prepared. 
 Names will be called over at the commencement and the close 
 of every school time, and boys absenting themselves from morn- 
 ing prayers without a sufficient reason sent to the Master in 
 writing by their parents or guardians, will, after due admoni- 
 tion and correction, be liable to be expelled by the Master ; as 
 will all boys repeatedly offending against any other regulationa 
 of the School, or against good manners. 
 
 VI. It need scarcely be suggested, that the strictest attention 
 to cleanliness in every particular, will be expected and duly en- 
 forced by the Master. 
 
 VI. Saints Days, and every Saturday afternoon, will be fixed 
 holidays, and the School wiU not be attended on State fasts or 
 festivals. The granting occasional remissions from business 
 must be entirely left to the direction of the Master.
 
 24 BEDFORD. [BEDFORD. 
 
 VIII. There will be two vacations in the year of six weeks each. 
 The Summer vacation to commence on the first Monday after 
 the 2 1st of June; the Christmas vacation on the Monday pre- 
 ceding Christmas-day. 
 
 IX. The boys will be divided into classes, and severally be 
 removed from a lower to a higher class, when considered com- 
 petent by the Master. But the general remove will take place 
 after the examinations in May. 
 
 (Appendix to No. II.} 
 
 X. The Usher will attend in the School half an hour before 
 the Master, and will also leave it half an hour before him. For 
 instance, the Usher in the morning will remain in the School 
 from seven in the Summer till half-past eight, and the Master 
 from half-past seven till nine. 
 
 The same rule to be observed throughout. 
 
 There are now FOUR EXHIBITIONS of 40. each, for six 
 years from the date of matriculation at either University. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Rev. JOHN BRERETON, 
 LL. B., whose statu table Salary is 200. per annum. This 
 gentleman takes Thirty Pupils; his Terms for 
 Board and Education, Writing Master and Washing in- 
 cluded, are Fifty-five Guineas per annum, and Five Gui- 
 neas Entrance. 
 
 Dancing Master, per Quarter, - 1 I 
 
 Entrance - 110 
 
 Drill Serjeant, per Quarter, - 0106 
 
 No Entrance. 
 Each Boy will be accommodated with a Single Bed, and be 
 
 allowed Three Changes of Linen weekly. 
 He will be required to bring six Towels, which will be re- 
 turned on his leaving the School. 
 No Extra Charge for Servants, fyc. 
 
 N. B. A Quarter's Notice of Removal is required, or a 
 Quarter's Salary. 
 
 The present Second Master is, CHARLES ABBOT, D. D., 
 whose statutable Salary is 100. per annum, together with 
 Coals and Candles. This gentlemen may take Boarders, but 
 he declines. He is Vicar of Oakley Reynes, and Author of
 
 BEDFORD.] BEDFORD. <25 
 
 Flora Bedfordietisis, and Parochial Divinity, or Sermons on 
 various Subjects. 
 
 The present School-house was erected by the Trustees, in 
 
 1767- 
 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS, and also 
 of THE SECOND MASTERS, from the first Establishment of 
 the School: 
 In 156G. EDMOND GREEN, Master. 
 
 JOHN ELBONE, Second Master. 
 
 After these, there are no records of the Masters' 
 names. 
 
 And the Corporation having taken upon them- 
 selves to appoint Masters until the year 17-5 ; a 
 suit in Chancery was then instituted by NEW 
 COLLEGE, OXFORD, for the recovery of the right 
 of appointment taken away unjustly for 159 years, 
 when a Decree was obtained in favour of The 
 College. 
 
 MASTERS. 
 
 1725. NICHOLAS ASPINAL, who died in 1727- He was 
 a Scholar of Emanuel College, Cam- 
 bridge. He was a very learned man, 
 and the Amanuensis of CASTELLUS, the 
 Editor of the Polyglott Bible. He was 
 appointed by New College. 
 
 1727. MATTHEW PRIAULX, who died in 1739. He was 
 a Layman, Proctor and Registrar of the 
 Archdeacon's Court, and Town Clerk 
 of Bedford. 
 
 1 739. GEORGE BRIDLE, Clerk, M. A., who died in 1773. 
 
 1773. JOHN HOOK, Clerk, B. C. L., who died in IS 10. 
 
 1810. JOHN BRERETON, Clerk, B. C. L. 
 
 SECOND MASTERS. 
 
 1739. EDWARD TOWERSE*-, B. D., Fellow of Corpus 
 Christi College, Oxford. He was ap-
 
 26 BEDFORD. [BEDFOHD. 
 
 pointed by The Master. He died in 
 
 1776. 
 
 1776- DAVID WILLIAMS, Clerk, B. D., who held the 
 situation with a Fellowship of New Col- 
 lege. He resigned in 1787. 
 
 1787. CHARLES ABBOT, Clerk, D. D., the present Se- 
 cond Master ; being the First Fellow 
 of New College, who resigned his Fel- 
 lowship for the office of Second Master.
 
 HOUGHTOX-CONQUEST.] BEDFORD. 27 
 
 HOUGHTON-CONQUEST. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL, and ALMS-HOUSE, at HOUGHTON- 
 CONQUEST, were founded by Sir FRANCIS CLERKE, the 
 great benefactor to Sidney Sussex College, in Cambridge, 
 who had a Seat in this Parish, and who died here in 1632. 
 
 The greatest number of Scholars does not exceed Ten ; 
 and they are only instructed in reading English and spelling 
 and in the Church Catechism, by the particular desire of the 
 Founder. The Master is appointed by The Master and 
 Fellows of SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. His Salary is ,16', 
 per annum ; and the Poor people, who are Six in number, 
 have 8. divided among them, by the Founder's Will. 
 
 In 1691, EDMUND WYLDE, Esq., left the sum of 140. 
 for the purchase of lands ; the profits of which are to be 
 appropriated to the repairs of the School and Aims-House, 
 and the overplus to be divided among the Six Poor people.
 
 28 BERKS. [ABINGDON. 
 
 ABINGDON. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in the Parish of St. Nicholas 
 in the Borough of ABINGDON was founded in the year 1563, 
 by JOHN ROYSE, Citizen and Mercer of London, for the 
 education of SIXTY-THREE poor boys ; and endowed with 
 Two houses in Birchin Lane, which were burnt down about 
 the year 1753. Upon the site of these Houses THE LONDON 
 ASSURANCE COMPANY erected their Office, and now pay an 
 annual rent of 100. for the same. 
 
 THOMAS TESDALE, Esq., the first Scholar on ROYSE'S 
 Foundation, having bequeathed 5000. to purchase estates 
 for the maintenance of Seven Fellows and Six Scholars from 
 The Free School of Abingdon in any of the Colleges of 
 Oxford, Dr. ABBOT, Archbishop of Canterbury, and the 
 other Trustees, intended at first to place this Foundation in 
 Balliol College. That design, however, not having been 
 completed, they determined to found a New College on the 
 site of Broadgates Hall, and in the mean time Estates were 
 purchased for the Endowment in Berkshire and Wiltshire. 
 
 The plan was likewise assisted by a second Benefactor, 
 RICHARD WIGHTWICK, B. D., some time of Balliol College, 
 and afterwards Rector of East Ilsley and Hampstead Norris 
 in Berkshire, who engaged to make over some Estates in aid 
 of the Endowment. 
 
 The Corporation of Abingdon next petitioned King 
 JAMES, that he would constitute a College within Broad- 
 gates Hall ; Whereupon His Majesty, by Letters Patent, 
 dated the 22d of June, 1624, granted, that within the said 
 Hall of Broadgates there should be a Perpetual College, 
 to be known by the name of " The Master, Fellows, and 
 Scholars of THE COLLEGE of PEMBROKE, in the University 
 of Oxford, of the Foundation of King JAMES, at the cost and 
 charges of THOMAS TESDALE and RICHARD WIGHTWICK." 
 
 An Ushership was also founded by Mr. TESDALE, who, for
 
 BERKS, 29 
 
 that purpose, gave hisTythesof the Hamlet of Upton, part of 
 the Impropriate Rectory of Ratley, in the County of Warwick, 
 now producing a clear rent of 97- . 1 1 s. . 3d. per annum. 
 
 A subsequent Endowment was made by WILLIAM BEN- 
 NET, Esq., for Six boys of this Town, to be elected by the 
 Master and Governors of Christ's Hospital in Abingdon; for 
 whose support he gave an Estate in land at Broad Blunsdon, 
 Wilts. During the time they are at School,they have an 
 allowance for books and apparel ; and, at the end of six 
 years, they have each 50. for an Apprentice Fee. 
 
 According to the Statutes of Pembroke College, of TES- 
 DALE'S Seven Fellows, who were all to study Divinity, Four 
 were to be of his kindred ; and his Six SCHOLARS were to 
 be thus elected: From the Free School of Abingdon, Two 
 of his poorer kindred, if any such could be found there, or, 
 if not, from his poorer kindred of any other School, and the 
 other Four from the poorer natives of Abingdon, and the 
 Scholars of WILLIAM BENNET, Esq., educated in the same 
 School. WIGHTWICK'S Foundation, upon an Estate of 100. 
 per annum, was for the maintenance of THREE FELLOWS 
 and FOUR SCHOLARS, two of each to be of his kindred, wher- 
 ever born, and the rest of Abingdon School. The Election 
 of both Foundations was fixed for the Monday after the first 
 Sunday in August, and the right of Election vested in The 
 Master of the College, Two of TESDALE'S Senior Fellows, 
 The Master of Christ's Hospital at Abingdon, Two of the 
 Senior Governors, and the Master of the School. 
 
 THE GOVERNORS, who are TWELVE in number, are The 
 Mayor and Principal Burgesses of The Corporation of 
 Abingdon. 
 
 The School is open to the natives of Abingdon, and the 
 adjacent Villages, to the number of Sixty-Three. A Foun- 
 dation boy must be recommended by Four of The Gover- 
 nors, agreeably to a regulation made in 1810. They may 
 be admitted at any age. The number actually in the Scjiool 
 at present is only Three, There are also Six Boarders.
 
 30 BERKS. [ABINCDON. 
 
 There is no particular system of Education prescribed. The 
 present Master prefers the ETON Latin Grammar, or VALPY'S 
 Elements, and the WESTMINSTER Greek Grammar. But 
 he does not, in general, oblige his Pupils to abandon those 
 Grammars to which they have been accustomed. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Rev. EDWARD NI- 
 CHOLSON, M. A., of Queen's College, Oxford, whose Salary 
 is 100. per annum, but he receives only 80., as the re- 
 mainder is reserved by the Governors to pay the expense of 
 ' re-building a considerable portion of the house: He also 
 receives 5. annually from The Master and Governors of 
 Christ's Hospital in Abingdon : But, by various deductions, 
 his total receipts are reduced to something less than .80. a 
 year. This Gentleman's annual Terms, for the board and 
 education of Pupils, are Sixty guineas each, and Four gui- 
 neas Entrance. He was elected in 1810. 
 
 The present Usher is, The Rev. WILLIAM SMITH, M. A., 
 of Pembroke College, Oxford. He does not take Pupils. 
 
 THOMAS GODWIN, the learned author of the Roman and 
 Jewish antiquities, was Head Master of this School. 
 
 Among the persons of Eminence, who have received their 
 education here, may be enumerated, 
 Lord Chief Justice HOLT. 
 
 WILLIAM NEWCOME, D. D., late Primate of Ireland. 
 The Rev. RICHARD GRAVES, Author of the Spiritual 
 
 Quixote, and many other works. 
 The Rev. THOMAS WINTLE, the able Translator of 
 
 the Prophet Daniel. 
 WILLIAM HOLWELL, the Editor of Dionysius Hali- 
 
 carnasseus. 
 CLEMENT BARKSDALE, a biographical and miscellaneous 
 
 Writer of the Seventeenth Century. 
 PHILIP MORANT, M. A., the Historian of the County of 
 Essex.
 
 CHILDREY.;] BERKS. 31 
 
 CHILDREY, near WANTAGE. 
 
 THE FBEE SCHOOL at CHJLDREY was founded in the year 
 1526, according to the following deed : 
 
 " WILLIAM FETYPLACE, of Childrey, in the County of Berks, 
 Esq., by Indenture tripartyte, bearing date the last day of July, 
 in the Eighteenth year of the reign of HENRY the Eighth, and 
 made between JOHN COTTESFORD, Rector of Lincoln College, 
 in The University of Oxford, and the Scholars of the said College 
 on the one part, the said WILLIAM FETYPLACE of the second 
 part, and JOHN PANTRE, Provost, and the Scholars of The 
 Queen's Hall, in the same University, of the third part, re- 
 citing, that, by a Deed of Feoffment, bearing date the seventh of 
 July preceding, he had enfeoffed JOHN LOYSHE, WILLIAM BATY- 
 SON, ANTHONY BIRKBEKE, (three of the Fellows of Queen's at 
 that time), and others to the number of Twelve, in the moiety of 
 the Manor of Letcomb Basset, and in certain Lands and Tene- 
 ments in Letcomb Basset, Hendley, West Shifford, Bokehamp- 
 ton, Chepyng Lamborne, Hurste, Fynkysly, Bedon, Stawmere, 
 Wolneston, Erley, Westcote, Sparsholt, Childrey Grove, and 
 Uffington, in the said County of Berks, and in one mese and a 
 toft cum pertinentibus lying in Kelmescote, in the County of 
 Oxford, in the whole of the clear yearly value of <25. .9. .8, 
 covenants with the said Rector, Provost, and Scholars, that the 
 Feoffees shall stand seised of the premises to the uses comprised 
 in a certain ordinance thereafter written, and dated the 20th of 
 the same month." 
 
 By this Indenture, the Provost and Scholars of Queen's 
 College, Oxford, were to keep in repair SAINT CATHARINE'S 
 AISLE at Childrey, in which he had founded a CHANTRY ; 
 and an ALMS-HOUSE, which he had built there, for the 
 habitation of THREE POOR MEN of the Parishes of Childrey 
 and Letcombe Basset. 
 
 They were also to pay to the Chantry Priest, who was 
 to keep a FREE SCHOOL for all the poor children of 
 Childrey, Eight pounds per annum ; and to allow Sd. a 
 week each to the poor men, together with 3*..4<7. yearly for 
 a Gown, and 2s..Sd. for Fuel. 
 The residue of the rents, after fulfilling these specific
 
 32 BERKS. [CHILDREY. 
 
 bequests, was to be expended by the Provost and Scholars, 
 in EXHIBITIONS, or otherwise, at their discretion. 
 With respect to the School, it was ordained, 
 
 " That every one who shall thereafter be elected Chaplain o 
 the said Chantry, shall be an able man, and well skilled in 
 Grammar, and shall keep a FREE SCHOOL in the House ordained 
 by the founder for that purpose, and shall teach such children 
 and persons as shall come thereto for the sake of instruction, 
 after the following, or some better manner : 
 
 " He shall teach the children the Alphabet, the Lord's Prayer, 
 the Salutation of the Blessed Virgin, the Apostles' Creed, and 
 all other things which are necessary to enable them to assist the 
 Priest in the celebration of the Mass, together with the Psalm 
 De Profundis, and the usual Prayers for the dead :-- 
 
 <f Also, he shall teach them to say Grace, as well at dinner 
 as at supper : 
 
 " Likewise, he shall teach them in English the Fourteen 
 Articles of Faith, the Ten Commandments, the Seven Deadly 
 Sins, the Seven Sacraments of the Church, the Seven Gifts of 
 the Holy Ghost, the Seven Works of Mercy, as well corporal as 
 spiritual, the Five Bodily Senses, and the manner of Confession : 
 all which things are judged necessary by the founders, not only 
 for the children, but for all families where they may dwell, 
 that they may instruct those who are ignorant therein : 
 
 " Also, he shall teach them good manners ; but, above all 
 things, to fear God and keep his Commandments, and especially 
 to refrain from lying, to honour their Parents, and to serve God 
 devoutly in his church : 
 
 f( And, if any shall be apt and disposed to learn Grammar, he 
 shall instruct them therein after the best and most diligent man- 
 ner that he can, and shall teach them what is most useful and 
 expedient, either according to his own judgment, or the sage 
 counsel of learned men.: 
 
 " And, for such instruction, shall require nothing from the 
 poor, or of such as live within the Parish of Childrey : 
 
 " And the said Chaplain for the time being, well and faith- 
 fully discharging the duty of the said Chantry and School, and 
 all other matters aforesaid, according to the true intention of the 
 founder, shall receive yearly for his salary the sum- of eight 
 pounds, by even portions, at the festivals of Easter and Michael- 
 mas : 
 
 " That so often as the said Chantry shall become vacant by 
 a death or amotion of the Chaplain for the time being, the Pro- 
 vost and Fellows of the Queen's College, and their successors,
 
 CHILDREV.] BERKS. 33 
 
 shall, within one month next following, elect and admit another 
 fit and able Chaplain, so qualified as is aforesaid, to the said 
 Chantry, in his room : 
 
 " And, if the said Provost and Fellows, or their successors, 
 shall not, within one month after such vacancy and knowledge to 
 them thereof given, elect a Chaplain to the said Chantry, then the 
 Rector of Childrey for the time being, shall elect a Chaplain 
 thereto, so qualified, and in manner and form as is aforesaid : 
 So also in case of vacancies amongst the poor men : 
 
 " That, if any Chaplain of the said Chantry shall become other- 
 wise beneficed, or shall not observe the will of the said Founder, 
 or shall be a fornicator, or shall keep hounds, or be a common 
 hunter, or a stirrer-up of contention in the Town of Childrey or 
 the parts adjacent, or noted for any grievous crime, and shall 
 not be able to clear himself of the imputation j such Chaplain 
 shall, by the said Provost and Fellows, and their successors, be 
 forthwith amoved from the said Chantry ; and another fit and 
 able Chaplain, so qualified as is aforesaid, and in manner and 
 form aforesaid, shall be elected in his room : - 
 
 " Provided nevertheless, that transgression of the Ordinances 
 of the Founder may be punished by the said Provost and Fel- 
 lows, and their successors, as well by subtraction of the salary 
 of the said Chaplain, as by privation or amotion." 
 
 The Rector and Scholars of Lincoln College were made 
 Visitors. 
 
 The present rental of the Estate is upwards of 1 000. per 
 annum. 
 
 This School had formerly some reputation in this imme- 
 diate neighbourhood, as a place of education; and Mr. 
 JENNINGS, a gentleman of very superior attainments, who 
 now presides over a very respectable school at Wantage, 
 received his education here, under the last Schoolmaster of 
 any eminence, who is thus designated in the Parish Regis- 
 ter: " J769. JOHN LOCKEY, the worthy Schoolmaster of 
 this Parish for THIRTY-EIGHT years, was buried, October 
 29th." . 
 
 It is at present " a mere Day-scliool? in which the chil- 
 dren of the Parish are taught to write and read, by a Mas- 
 ter who barely possesses these attainments himself. The 
 salary of 8. per annum only is continued to the Master, 
 
 VOL. I. D
 
 34 BERKS. [CHILDREY. 
 
 who has a residence under the same roof with the Alms- 
 house. 
 
 THE ALMS-MEN receive nearly 3. .3s. per annum each, 
 being somewhat more than the provision allowed by the 
 Founder; which, it is unnecessary to say, was at that 
 time of a very different value from what it is at present ; 
 though it has not been thought necessary by the dispensers 
 of the Founder's benevolence, to make an augmentation in 
 proportion as the rents have increased.
 
 NBWBURY.]- BERKS. 35 
 
 NEWBURY. 
 
 THE concerns of THE FEEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in NEW- 
 BUKY are involved in profound mystery. 
 
 A stipend of 12. per annum for a Master, is payable out 
 of the Land revenue of the Crown. 
 
 The late Master died on the 3d of November, 1814, 
 " since which time no new Master lias been appointed, and 
 no Duties performed under this Establishment.'" 
 
 1)2
 
 36 BERKS. [READING. 
 
 READING. 
 
 IN the year 1445, according to LELAND, JOHN THOENE, 
 Abbot of the Monastery of Reading, having suppressed an 
 old Alms-house for poor Sisters, near ST. LAWRENCE'S 
 Church, which had, probably, been founded by one of his 
 predecessors, employed the revenues of it to the use of the 
 Almoner. But HENKY the Seventh, being here soon after, 
 was offended with the Abbot, for converting the funds of a 
 Religious House, to purposes so foreign to the intentions of 
 the donor, and ordered him to settle the house and lands on 
 some Charitable Establishment. 
 
 In consequence of this intimation from His Majesty, the 
 Abbot made it a GRAMMAR SCHOOL ; in which benevolent 
 design he was seconded by one WILLIAM DENE, an officer 
 in the Abbey, who gave two hundred marks towards the 
 advancement of the Foundation, as LELAND collected from 
 his Tomb in the Abbey Church. But the Abbot dying 
 soon afterwards, in 1486, the settlement was not completed; 
 though it appears to have been begun, as, after the Dissolu- 
 tion, the sum of 10. per annum was paid to the Master by 
 The Crown. 
 
 But, in the reign of QUEEN ELIZABETH, the Corporation 
 undertook to pay the Master's salary, in return for certain 
 lands bestowed upon them by Her Majesty, and then 
 amounting to about 4\..^s.^d. per annwn. 
 
 By this Charter, which bears date the 23d of September, 
 15 GO, they were authorized to nominate and appoint the 
 Master. 
 
 In the subsequent reign of CHARLES the First, Arch- 
 bishop LAUD, by his will, gave lands at Bray, then of the 
 annual value of 20., as an addition to the Master's salary ; 
 which sum, by the increase of rent, has been augmented to 
 50. a year.
 
 READING.] BERKS. 37 
 
 It is remarkable, that there are no STATUTES belonging 
 to this School, to regulate the conduct of the Masters and 
 Scholars ; such as are usually annexed to the Foundation 
 of all other Schools. The Charter of Queen ELIZABETH 
 only reciting, that " a School, or Grammar School, founded 
 " and built by Our Predecessors, is in the Borough, for 
 " educating the Boys of the Inhabitants of the said Borough, 
 " and others, in Literature. 
 
 The want of a systematic foundation is probably the 
 cause of this omission : as HENRY the Seventh merely left 
 general directions for the establishment of the School, with- 
 out contributing any thing to the Master's stipend : which 
 was paid by the Abbot of Reading, until the Dissolution, as 
 may be inferred from Cox's dedication of his " Art or 
 Crafte of Rhetoryke ;" and, afterwards, it was charged upon 
 the Manor of Cholsey by HENRY the Eighth. 
 
 Archbishop LAUD was the most liberal Benefactor to the 
 School ; but, not considering himself as it's Founder, he did 
 not draw up any Statutes for it's government. This worthy 
 Prelate, however, appointed THREE VISITORS ; viz. The 
 Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, The President 
 of St. John's, and The Warden of All Souls College ; and 
 left the interest of a sum of 24., for the expenses of their 
 reception and entertainment. They visit the School every 
 third year. 
 
 It has been customary, besides occasional examinations in 
 Classical learning, for the Scholars to recite Speeches, or to 
 perform Plays, at the time of this Triennial Visitation. The 
 first Play on record is that of Cato, in 1/31. The present 
 Master, The Rev. Dr. VALPY, has paid great attention to 
 the Theatrical Representations, and has purified and altered 
 some Plays of PLAUTUS and of SHAKESPEARE, for the use 
 of his Scholars. Of these Plays, four of SHAKESPEARE 
 have been published, viz., King John, the Second Part of 
 Henry the Fourth, The Roses, from the Third Part of
 
 38 BERKS. [READING. 
 
 Henry the Sixth, and The Merchant of Venice. Four 
 Plays of PLAUTUS, The Amphitruo, The Aulularia, The 
 Captives, and The Rudens, have likewise been printed for 
 the use of Schools. Some Plays of SOPHOCLES and EURI- 
 PIDES have also been performed by the Scholars, with the 
 strict costume of ancient Greece. The amount of money 
 received at these Representations is very laudably bestowed 
 upon some deserving object of Public Charity. 
 
 There are two Scholarships in ST. JOHN the Baptist's 
 COLLEGE, Oxford, belonging to this School, which were 
 founded by Sir THOMAS WHITE, in 1557- In the Statutes 
 of the College, as drawn up by himself, Sir THOMAS ob- 
 serves ; 
 
 " Seeing that there is nothing in the whole society of man 
 more divine ; nothing more analogous to our nature, than to 
 be liberal and bountiful towards those, to whom we conceive 
 ourselves most beholden : Neither are we tied by stricter bonds 
 of friendship to any, more than to the citizens of London j 
 among whom we have been, not only long conversant, and 
 brought up almost from our infancy, but also have attained 
 and gotten the greatest part of such goods and commodities, as 
 now, by Divine permission, we enjoy j Wherefore, being moved 
 with that love and piety, which we bear towards our Fellow 
 Citizens, we do appoint, ordain, and will, that FORTY-THREE of 
 the poorer Scholars, who, either within London, or the suburbs 
 thereof, shall bestow their time diligently in Grammar, may be 
 admitted into this our College, founded and endowed at our 
 costs and charges, and they shall enjoy all such advantages as 
 the present scholars possess : 
 
 " Also, each of the following Schools, viz., COVENTRY, BRIS- 
 TOL, and READING, shall send Two Scholars, who shall par- 
 take of the same advantages and privileges, as the others enjoy. 
 Owe, also, shall be chosen out of TUNBRIDGE School, in the 
 County of Kent : 
 
 " And now, to the end that there may be some certainty ap- 
 pointed, concerning the nominating and electing of these Seven 
 Scholars, whom we will have equal to the others, in all the ad- 
 vantages and privileges of the College j 
 
 " As often as any place of these Seven shall become void, we 
 will, that within forty days after such vacancy, The President 
 and Fellows shall certify and advise, by Letters, signed with
 
 READING.] BERKS. 39 
 
 their own hands, the Mayors and Aldermen of those places, out 
 of which such Scholars are to be named and chosen, that is to 
 say, COVENTRY, BRISTOL, READING, and TUNBRIDGE, out of 
 which Two Scholars each are to be elected, except out of TUN- 
 BRIDGE, from which, out of respect to the great love we bore to 
 Sir ANDREW JUDD, Knight, Founder of the Grammar School 
 there, we do ordain and will, that One Scholar shall be nomi- 
 nated and elected, as often as the place assigned for this School 
 shall be void. And they shall take care to send such out of 
 their Schools, to The College, as either they themselves shall 
 know, or in the judgment of others, shall believe to be fit to 
 learn Logic. And we do decree, ordain, and will, that this no- 
 mination, assignation, evocation, and election, of Forty-three 
 Scholars,and Six Choristers, by the Worshipful Men, The Mas- 
 ter, Wardens, and Assistants, and The President, and Vice- Pre- 
 sident, and Two of the Chief Senior Fellows ; And also, the 
 nomination, evocation, and election, of those Seven Scholars, by 
 The Mayors and Aldermen of those places, of which we made 
 mention before, be made and kept for ever : neither shall it be 
 lawful at any time, for The President and Fellows, which now 
 are, or for their successors, to invert, change, break, or weaken 
 the form of electing Scholars, which we have prescribed, nor to 
 expound, or interpret otherwise than the true, natural, and 
 grammatical sense of the words do bear, under pain of expulsion 
 out of The College : Neither shall they at any time consent, 
 either in word or deed, to them that do otherwise." 
 
 These Scholarships, at the end of two years, regularly lead 
 to Fellowships. 
 
 The School-room for many years occupied the lower part 
 of the Great Hall of THE HOSPITAL of ST. JOHN ; the upper 
 part being used as a Town-hall. When the Town-hall was 
 re-built, the School continued for some time in it's old situa- 
 tion. But, as it had been found subject to many inconve- 
 niences, the present Master, in the year 1/90, built a new 
 School-room, fifty-two feet in length, at his own expense. 
 
 The Master's House, remarkable for the convenience and 
 salubrity of the situation, was built by Mr. HILEY, a former 
 Master, for the reception of his Boarders, and rented by his 
 successor, Mr. SPICER; who, in I77lj set on foot a sub- 
 scription for purchasing and annexing it to the School, for 
 the residence of the Master : liberal contributions were
 
 40 BERKS. [READIN&. 
 
 made by The Corporation, by St. John's College, and by 
 the neighbouring Gentry, particularly such as had been 
 educated in the School; but* it was not until the year 
 1784, that the intention was carried into effect, and the 
 House purchased of Dr. ADDINGTON, the Son-in-Law of 
 Mr. HILEY, and vested in The Corporation, as Trustees. 
 Here again we experience the liberality of Dr. VALFY, who 
 has considerably enlarged and improved the House, particu- 
 larly by the addition of a spacious Hall and Library. 
 
 As the School was founded for the Sons of the Inhabit- 
 ants and others, it is open to all who conform to the Regu- 
 lations of the Establishment. 
 
 At Nineteen, boys are superannuated for the Foundation 
 at St. John's College. 
 
 The Latin and Greek Grammars in use, are those written 
 by the present Master. The system of Education, with 
 such alterations as expedience and locality render necessary, 
 is formed upon those of Westminster, Eton, and Win- 
 chester Colleges. 
 
 This School is deservedly in great repute, under the ex- 
 cellent management of the present learned Master, RICHARD 
 VALPY, D.D. 
 
 Besides the Head Master, some of the Assistants re- 
 ceive Boarders, on different terms, according to the num- 
 bers which they accommodate. 
 
 Cardinal WOLSEY is said, on the authority of Archbishop 
 PARKER, to have been a short time Master of this School. 
 
 Among the eminent Persons, who have received their 
 Education in this Seminary of Learning, besides many dis- 
 tinguished living Characters, may be enumerated, 
 Archbishop LAUD. 
 
 JOHN BLAGRAVE, the Mathematician. 
 JAMES MERRICK, the Translator of the Psalms. 
 The Rev. CHARLES COAXES, M. A., Author of the 
 History of Reading.
 
 READING.] BERKS. 41 
 
 THOMAS TURNER, D. D., Dean of Canterbury. 
 WILLIAM DAVIES SHIPLEY, Dean of St. Asaph. 
 FRANCIS ANNESLEY, LL.D., First Master of Downing 
 
 College. 
 ROBERT VANSITTART, LL.D., Professor of Law at 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 AMBROSE SERLE, Esq. 
 JOHN LOVEDAY, Esq. 
 The Rev. W. BENWELL.
 
 42 BERKS. [WALLINGFOBD. 
 
 WALLINGFORD. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WALLINGFORD was 
 founded in the year 1 G59, by WALTER BIGG, Alderman of 
 London, and endowed by him with 10. per annum. 
 
 The Charity, called Sir THOMAS BENNETT'S Charity, 
 consists of 20. per annum, paid to the Mayor of this 
 Borough, by The Worshipful Company of Merchant Tay- 
 lors within the City of London (but whether it arises out of 
 real or personal Estate, is not known), 10. per annum, 
 part thereof, are for the use of the Master of this School, 
 and the remaining 10. to be paid to Ten poor persons of 
 the Borough, elected by the Aldermen of the Corporation 
 for the time being. 
 
 This School is now " in a very low state, having very few 
 boys educated in it." The present Master is a " Dissenter!"
 
 WANTAGE.] 
 
 BERKS. 
 
 43 
 
 WANTAGE. 
 
 IN the year 1598, an Act of Parliament was obtained, for 
 vesting the Town lands of Wantage, which were given in the 
 reigns of HENRY the Sixth and HENRY the Seventh for 
 Charitable uses, in TWELVE of " the better sort of Inhabit- 
 ants," to be deemed a Body Corporate, and to use a Com- 
 mon Seal. 
 
 By this Act, the Revenues of those lands are appropriated 
 to the relief of the POOR, the repair of HIGHWAYS, and 
 the support of a GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 
 
 The Governors allow 30. per annum to the Master, 
 who must be a Graduate in one of the Universities. 
 
 The School is open to all the sons of Parishioners inde- 
 finitely, free of expense. They are admitted as soon as they 
 are able to learn Latin, and may remain as long as their 
 Parents please. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are in use. 
 
 The present Master is, The Rev. DANIEL ROBINS. He 
 does not take Pupils. 
 
 It is gratifying to add, " that no Charity can be better 
 managed, or the profits disposed more to the Donor's inten- 
 tions, than the present." 
 
 The learned JOSEPH BUTLER, Bishop of Durham, was 
 born in this Town.
 
 44 BUCKS. [AMER&HAM. 
 
 AMERSHAM. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at AMERSHAM was founded 
 by ROBERT CHALONER, D. D., who was Canon of Windsor 
 and Rector of this Parish, and who died in 1621 ; having 
 endowed it with a portion of Land at Waddesdon, in the 
 County of Bedford, which is now of the annual value of 90. 
 There is only one Master, who is the present Curate, and 
 the House in which he lives belonging to the School, raises 
 the value of the Stipend to upwards of 1 00. per annum. 
 
 Any Parishioners have a right to send their Children to 
 this School ; which w solely for Greek and Latin. 
 
 The Owner of Shardeloes, and the Rector for the time 
 being, are perpetual Trustees, and appoint the Master. There 
 should be Twelve Trustees. " There are now no Scholars!!" 
 Dr. CHALONER also by his Will, dated the 20th of June 
 1620, bequeathed 20. per annum, for the maintenance of 
 a DIVINITY LECTURE at Christ Church College, Oxford, 
 or to form EXHIBITIONS for Three poor Scholars, to be 
 chosen from Amersham, or from Goldsborough, or Knares- 
 borough, in Yorkshire.
 
 AYLESBURY.] BUCKS. 45 
 
 AYLESBURY. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at AYLESBURY was originally founded 
 by Sir HENRY LEE, of Ditchley, in the County of Oxford. 
 The date of it's origin is not known ; but there is, in the 
 Church of Aylesbury, an old monument of part of the family 
 of a Sir HENRY LEE, dated 1584. It is probable that he 
 was the Founder. 
 
 The Writings of the original Endowment are supposed to 
 have been lost in the Civil Wars : But the value of the 
 Premises, bequeathed for that purpose, amounted in the be- 
 ginning of the Eighteenth Century to about 8. per annum. 
 
 On the 29th of September, 1714, HENRY PHILLIPS, Gen- 
 tleman, who was born in the Parish of Aylesbury, bequeathed 
 5000. for the purchase of Estates for the benefit of that 
 parish ; to be added to the Free School, founded by Sir 
 HENRY LEE. In Consequence of this bequest, the present 
 Free School and Houses for the Head Master, and the 
 Writing Master, were erected in the year 171S. The Estates 
 (being the Manor of Broughton Abbot's, in the neighbouring 
 Parish of Bierton) now net upwards of ,400. per annum. 
 
 The School is open to the Boys of Aylesbury and Walton, 
 free of expense. And, if Aylesbury and Walton cannot 
 supply a sufficient number, the nearest adjoining Parishes 
 are entitled to the same privilege. 
 
 One Hundred and Thirty-five Boys are admitted upon the 
 Foundation; viz., One Hundred and Twenty into the Eng- 
 lish and Writing School ; and Fifteen into the Latin. The 
 number of Boys, not upon the Foundation, is inconsiderable. 
 
 Boys are admitted at Six years of age. There is no spe- 
 cific time for their quitting the School. 
 
 As Vacancies occur other Boys are admitted, whose names 
 stand first on a list which is kept by the Head Master. The 
 application of every one in behalf of any boy is registered ;
 
 46 BUCKS. [AYLKSBURY; 
 
 The list is afterwards submitted to the Trustees for their 
 approbation, and the Boys are admitted in their turns. 
 
 OWEN'S Latin Grammar, and the ETON Greek Grammar, 
 are those in general use. With respect to the system of 
 Education, the Classical Books which are used in the great 
 Public Schools, are adopted, as far as the age and continuance 
 of the Scholars will admit. Dr. BELL s system is followed 
 in the English and Writing School. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, Scholarships, nor Church Pre- 
 ferments, belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, CHARLES ROBERT ASHFIELD, 
 Clerk, whose Salary is 170. per annum., and a House. 
 
 Both the Head Master, and the Writing Master, are al- 
 lowed to take Pupils : but their terms depend, in some mea- 
 sure, upon the circumstances of the times. 
 
 As this School is more of a Commercial than Classical de- 
 scription, it's very nature has precluded it from producing 
 many men of great literary attainments. But the celebrated 
 JOHN WILKES, and JOHN BONNYCASTLE, the eminent Ma- 
 thematician, may be mentioned as two distinguished charac- 
 ters, whose abilities first begun to expand in the Grammar 
 School at Aylesbury. 
 
 There are Eleven TRUSTEES : Those at present being 
 
 The Duke of PORTLAND. 
 
 Lord Viscount HAMPDEN. 
 
 Lord GEORGE CAVENDISH, M. P. 
 
 Sir JOHN DASHWOOD KING, Bart., M. P. 
 
 WILLIAM SELBY LOWNDES, Esq., M. P. 
 
 J. T. DRAKE, Esq., M. P. 
 
 EDWARD HANMER, Esq., M. P. 
 
 PAUNCEFORD DUNCOMBE, Esq. 
 
 GREENHTLL RUSSELL, Esq., M. P. 
 
 GEORGE ROWLAND MINSHUL, Esq.
 
 BUCKINGHAM.} BUCKS. 47 
 
 BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at BUCKINGHAM was founded by King 
 EDWARD the Sixth, and endowed with lQ..8..Qi. per an,- 
 num, now payable out of the Land Revenue of the Crown, 
 for the instruction of youth in the Latin language. 
 
 It is of little note in any respect, none but the children 
 of the Lower classes having been educated here, for time 
 immemorial. There are six boys only in the School, as 
 settled by The Trustees, who are the Bailiff and Burgesses, 
 and who nominate the Scholars. They are admitted at eight 
 years of age, and are taught English, writing, and arith- 
 metic. 
 
 There is a pretty good House for the Master, which was 
 re-built after a fire in 1 696, at the expense of ALEXANDER 
 DENTON, Esq., together with a garden. The School-room 
 was formerly a Chapel, dedicated to ST. JOHN the BAPTIST 
 and THOMAS a BECKET ; the Door is of Saxon Architecture. 
 
 The present Master is, The Rev. WILLIAM EYRE, M. A., 
 Vicar of Padbury and Hillesdon, in the County of Bucking- 
 ham.
 
 BUCKS. 
 
 [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 THE splendid Establishment for the Instruction of Youth 
 in THE COLLEGE at ETON, was founded by King HENRY 
 the Sixth, in the year 1440, by the name of " THE BLESSED 
 MARIE of ETOXE beside Wyndesore" 
 
 One of the Charters of Foundation is dated at Wynde- 
 sore, on the 1 2th of September, 1441 ; A second, at Shene, 
 on the 21st of October, in the same year; And a third, 
 de Donatione, on the 25th of March 1442, by which THE 
 ROYAL FOUNDER, for the sufficient maintenance of his Col- 
 lege, and for the perpetual Endowment of the same, granted 
 to The Provost and College various Benefactions, as there 
 particularly stated. 
 
 By the Second Charter, one Provost, Ten Priests or Fel- 
 lows, four Clerks, six Choristers, one Master, Twenty-five 
 Scholars, and Twenty-five Alms or Beadsmen, are appointed. 
 But this Establishment afterwards underwent certain altera- 
 tions.
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 49 
 
 It must, however, be observed, that the first formal act of 
 The King respecting his projected Foundation, was his " Pro- 
 curatorium^ bearing date the 1 2th of September, 1 4 40. By 
 this public instrument he delegates his Proctors to treat with 
 The Bishop and Chapter of Lincoln, for the appropriation of 
 the then Parish Church of Eton to his intended College, so as 
 to make the Chapel of the said College, which he should 
 erect on the demolition of the old Church, to be as well 
 Parochial as Collegiate. Indeed, from the words of the 
 Instrument, it appears that His Majesty had already pur- 
 chased the Advowson of the said Parish Church, in order 
 to effect the proposed Appropriation. And on the 29th of 
 September, in the same year, The Bishop of Lincoln notified 
 liis cons nt, in all due form, for making the Parish Church 
 of Eton Collegiate. 
 
 Some delay was, however, caused in this purchase, as there 
 were three joint Owners of the Perpetual Advowson, and 
 of the Tenements contiguous, which were conveyed with 
 it;- WILLIAM WHAPLADE, NICHOLAS CLOPTON, and JOHN 
 FARYNDON, Equires. 
 
 There used to prevail a local tradition, that the ancient 
 Parish Church stood somewhere at The Wick, about a mile 
 from Eton ; but in what particular spot is not said, nor is 
 it at this day pretended that there are, or have been any 
 visible remains of the same. 
 
 That it stood in the Church-yard, and near adjoining to 
 the present Church, is evident from two Charters: Carta 
 Regis Hen. VI. de Fundatione Eccl. Colleg. de Eton. 
 Pat. l'J Hen. VI. pars 1. m. 40. Pat. 19 Hen. VI. pars 2. 
 m. 20. 
 
 The College being thus appointed and endowed, Writs 
 were issued for collecting Workmen from divers parts to 
 Eton : - And The Founder gave his orders for erecting THE 
 COLLEGE, the first stone whereof was laid in the foundation 
 of the Chapel on or about the 3d of July, 1441. 
 
 VOL. I.- E
 
 50 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 With what care the benevolent Monarch provided for the 
 due and effectual construction of the Buildings, will appear 
 from the language of the Letters Patent, respecting the 
 materials to be used in them. " Laying aparte superfluity 
 of too curious works of entayle and busie mouldings, I will 
 that both mi sayde Colleges be edified of the most substan- 
 tial and best abyding stuffe, of stone, ledd, glass, and iron, 
 that may goodlie be had and provided thereto ; and that 
 the walls of the sayde College of Eton, of the outer Courte, 
 and of the walls of the Gardens about the Precincte, be 
 made of hard stone of Kent? 
 
 As the pious Sovereign intended his College for the per- 
 petual increase of Virtue and Learning, he accordingly de- 
 clares ; " Fundamus, erigimus ac etiam stabilimits (dictum 
 COLLEGIUM), PERPETUIS FUTURIS TEMPORIBUS DURATU- 
 
 RffM." 
 
 As he omitted nothing that might add to the Stateliness 
 and Figure, as well as the more essential views of his Foun- 
 dations, The King granted the following Charter for assign- 
 ing ARMS to Eton College, which has since formed it's un- 
 altered Heraldic distinction ; and the Field of these Arms 
 being Sable, is considered as an additional mark of Perpetuity 
 to his important Establishment. 
 
 Carta Regis HENRICI VI. anno regni 27, 1449, pro COL- 
 LEGIO de ETON, &c. 
 
 Rex assignavit Collegio BEAT.E VIRGINIS MARLE et MA- 
 TRIS CHRISTI in ETONA juxta Wyndesoram quod fundave- 
 rat, pro armis et armorum insigniis, in campo nigro tres 
 llliorum jlores argenteos : habentes in animo ut in secula 
 duraturum jam fundatum Collegium cujus perpetuitatem 
 stabilitate coloris nigri significari volumus. Flores lucidis- 
 simos in omni scientiarum genere redolentes parturiat ad 
 honorem et devotissimum cultum Omnipotentis Dei inteme- 
 rateeque Virginis et Matris gloriosa? cujus sicuti in aliis et in 
 hac potissimum fundatione nostra flagranti cum animo inter-
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 51 
 
 nam et admodum vehementissimam getimus devotionem. 
 Quibus item ut aliquid regiae nobilitatis impertiremur, quod 
 vere regium et celebre declararet opus, parcellas armorum 
 quse nobis in regnis Angliae et Franciae jure debentur regio, 
 in summo scuti locari statuimus, partitum principale de 
 Azoreo cum Francorum flore, deque rubeo, cum peditante 
 Leopardo aureo. In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras 
 fieri facimus patentes. 
 
 The Royal Founder having caused certain STATUTES to 
 be composed, which were called " Statutn Primitiva," with 
 a view to their being enlarged into a complete Body, as 
 future circumstances and experience might demand, was 
 pleased, on the Feast of St. Thomas, in 1443, to send down 
 his Commissioners, THOMAS BECKYNTON, then Bishop of 
 Bath and Wells, with WILLIAM, Earl, and afterwards 
 Marquis and Duke, of SUFFOLK, to give personal admission 
 to The Provost, Fellows, Clerks, Scholars, and Officers, into 
 The College. Which Ceremony was accompanied with all 
 the most solemn Ceremonials of the Altar. 
 
 About this time, it appears that the King extended his 
 Collegiate arrangements from Twenty-five to Seventy Scho- 
 lars, an Usher for the School, a Clerk for the Parish, and 
 two additional Choristers, with a reduction of the Twenty- 
 five Alms or Beadsmen to Thirteen. 
 
 The several Grants, made at sundry times, were, for their 
 better confirmation, passed into an Act of Parliament at 
 Westminster, on the 4th of May, 1 444, being the Twenty- 
 second year of his reign. The Letters Patent subsequent 
 to this period, granting further endowmems to The College, 
 with the gifts of certain Benefactors, were afterwards con- 
 densed into another and similar Act of Parliament, in the 
 Thirty-eighth year of his reign. 
 
 The Statutes being completed, the Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury, on the 20th of July, 1446, acknowledged his accept- 
 ance of them, as well for himself as his successors. At the 
 
 E2
 
 52 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 same time, The Bishop of Lincoln declared similar accepta- 
 tion. This formality arose from the Spiritual power of these 
 high Ecclesiastical characters : The College being subject to 
 them in their Metropolitan and Triennial Visitations, as 
 well as in the necessary and local exercise of their functions, 
 whenever they might be called to employ them within the 
 walls of the Foundation. 
 
 These Statutes, the work of several years, were a refine- 
 ment as well as enlargement of the temporary Code, or 
 " Statuta Primitiva^ and the consequent result of much 
 deliberate consideration. 
 
 In compiling them, The Royal Founder is said to have 
 been assisted by the ablest Civilian of those times, and 
 whose knowledge would have conferred honour on any man 
 in any age. This distinguished person was WILLIAM 
 LYNDEWOODE, LL. D., Lord Privy Seal, and Bishop of 
 St. David's. It appears, however, to be the more probable 
 opinion, that WAYNFLETE drew up the present body of 
 Statutes, which Bishop LOWTH mentions, (though, as it 
 should seem, without actual collation) as being originally 
 copied from those of Winchester, without any material 
 alteration. The frequency of HENRY'S visits to Winchester, 
 and the apparent objects of them, together with WAYN- 
 FLETE'S continual attendance upon him, with the general 
 approximation of the ETON Statutes to the WINCHESTER 
 Code, appear to justify the general idea ; and the tradition 
 of WILLIAM of WYKEHAM'S College is ready to confirm it. 
 LYNDEWOODE was certainly appointed, with others, to form 
 the Statutes of KING'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, as is evident 
 from it's Charter; and, it is probable that, from this cir- 
 cumstance, he has been named as having performed the 
 same Office for the Sister Foundation. 
 
 WILLIAM WAYNFLETE was Schoolmaster of Winchester 
 College, when the King made his first visit. He had been 
 in that capacity about eleven ye^rs, and had executed the
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 53 
 
 important trust with such diligence, ability, judgment, and 
 success, that HENRY, to give his new Institution the greatest 
 possible advantage, by obtaining such an excellent and im- 
 proved Instructor, removed him, in 1440, with a Colony of 
 five of the Fellows and thirty-five of the Scholars, to the 
 same honourable charge at Eton. His Majesty afterwards 
 made him Provost; and, by his Royal recommendation and 
 Patronage, he was subsequently elevated to the See of Win- 
 chester, in which high situation he was enabled to become a 
 beneficent Imitator of his predecessor WILLIAM of WYKE- 
 HAM, as well as of his Patron Sovereign, in his Noble 
 Foundation of MAGDALEN COLLEGE, in Oxford. 
 
 King HENRY having made a final Settlement of his Col- 
 lege at Eton, and that upon a more enlarged scale than he 
 appears at first to have contemplated, was now pleased to 
 add ten Chaplains, five Clerks, and eight Choristers, form- 
 ing a Constituent Body, 'consisting of a Provost, ten Fellows,* 
 a Master of the School, ten Chaplains,-f an Usher of the 
 
 * In 147y there appear to have been but Four Fellows. 
 In 147-f there were Five Fellows, including Henry Bost, 
 who seems to have been elected Fellow merely to 
 pave his way for his election to the Provostship. 
 In 1482 the number of Fellows was increased to Six, pro- 
 bably by the good management and savings of good 
 Provost WESTBURY. 
 
 In 1485 John Pierson was added as a Seventh Fellow, 
 f From authentic documents it appears that, 
 
 In the 7th of Edward IV. there were 4 Chaplains. 
 19th - - 4. 
 
 2d of Richard III. - 5. 
 1st Henry VH. - - 6. 
 21st - 5. 
 
 22d - - 6. 
 
 3d Henry Vin. 7. 
 
 21st - 7. 
 
 3d Edward VI. - - 3. 
 4th - - - - 3.
 
 54 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 School, ten Cleks, Seventy Scholars, Sixteen Choristers, and 
 thirteen Alms or Beadsmen, whose particular duty it was to 
 pray for the Health and Prosperity of The Founder, in 
 the whole, ONE HUNDRED and THIRTY-TWO persons. 
 
 When the King looked upon his Foundation, so formed, 
 constituted, and endowed; when he took a prospective view 
 of it's final completion, and reflected upon the benefits which 
 promised to result from it to his Kingdom, not only in his 
 own time, but in many successive ages, well might He, 
 with the Piety of a Holy man, and the feelings of a tender 
 Parent, address Heaven with frequent Prayers for it's pre- 
 servation and endurance in it's then existing state ; And, 
 as the Nation should increase in Knowledge, Virtue, and the 
 higher branches of Civilization, that his Foundation might 
 proceed in a proportionably advanced and advancing state 
 of Improvement, Usefulness, and Renown, until the end of 
 time. 
 
 Certain changes have, however, since taken place in the 
 order of THE COLLEGE, which now consists of a Provost, 
 Seven Fellows, Two Priests or Chaplains (locally called 
 Conducts), Ten Lay Clerks, Ten Choristers, Two Masters, 
 and Seventy Scholars, with inferior Officers and Servants. 
 
 The ASSISTANTS, at present Eight in number, are merely 
 attached to the School discipline and instruction, and have 
 
 5th Edward VI. 3 Chaplains. 
 
 6th - 3. 
 
 1st Mary - 4. 
 
 2d - 6. 
 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th - 6. 
 
 1st Elizabeth 6. 
 
 3d, 4th, and 5th 4. 
 
 7th - - 3. 
 
 8th - - 3. 
 llth - 
 which last mentioned number has continued to this day.
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 55 
 
 been for many years selected, though not necessarily, from 
 the Fellows of KING'S COLLEGE, at the discretion of the 
 Two Masters, subject to the approbation of the Provost. 
 For, Henry having designed his School to be a Seminary 
 for a College in one of The Universities, accordingly, in 
 1441, founded KING'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, whither, 
 LAMBARDE observes, " Eton annually sendeth forth her 
 ripe fruit;" That Princely Institution consisting of a Pro- 
 vost, and Seventy Fellows or Scholars, who are to be elected 
 from Eton College. 
 
 As HENRY approached his demise, he seems to have had 
 a foreboding of the troubles which then threatened to disturb 
 the Nation, and showed a warm solicitude to insure, at all 
 events, the completion of his Two COLLEGES. He accord- 
 ingly made a Testamentary provision for that purpose, and 
 appointed Bishop WAYNFLETE to discharge the honourable 
 duties which it directed. 
 
 ETON COLLEGE, however, found an Oppressor in EDWARD 
 the Fourth, who, for some time, appeared to threaten it with 
 annihilation. That Monarch is related to have been un- 
 kindly disposed, not only to WAYNFLETE and other attached 
 friends of HENRY the Sixth, but is said to have looked with 
 an evil and a jealous eye upon the Establishments formed 
 by the pious Munificence of his Royal Predecessor, and in 
 the prosperity of which WAYNFLETE had manifested and 
 expressed such a fond and zealous interest. 
 
 At no distant period after King EDWARD the Fourth had 
 got possession of the Throne, he represented to Pope Pius 
 the Second, that ETON COLLEGE was in an unfinished state, 
 and especially that the building of the Chapel was but just be- 
 gun, so that it could be of li ttle or no use as to the purposes 
 originally intended by it's Foundation; He, therefore, urged 
 it as a suitable act to unite it to THE COLLEGE of WINDSOR, 
 which he favoured with a most partial and protecting regard. 
 In consequence of this representation, in November, 1463,
 
 56 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 a Bull was obtained from Pope Pius the Second, for dis- 
 solving- ETON COLLEGE, and uniting it, according to the 
 Royal request, to THE COLLEGE of ST. GEOBGE at WIND- 
 SOB. The Copy of the Bull of Union and Annexation is 
 among the Harleian Manuscripts in The British Museum, 
 N. 564. 
 
 HABBINGTON, in his life of EDWARD the Fourth, states, 
 that the King took 1000. per annum from HENRY'S Es- 
 tablishments, to enrich Windsor. TANNER, in his Notitia 
 Monastica, specifies also the Priories which were seized from 
 this Foundation, to be lavishly given to other places and avari- 
 cious persons. And, in the Archives of Eton College, is an 
 account of the Estates of which it has been unjustly deprived. 
 However, in this opprobrious appropriation of The College 
 property, some glimpse of shame and justice was shown for 
 the Members of it, a few trifling Pensions being assigned 
 to the Provost, Fellows, and other Officers. 
 
 Thus it appears, that EDWAKD, counselled as he might 
 originally have been by The Earl of WARWICK, not only, 
 in the first instance, curtailed the estates of HENRY'S Foun- 
 dations of KING'S COLLEGE, and ETON, but plundered them 
 also of moveables of great value. 
 
 The injured Foundation, however, found an able, ardent, 
 and, in the end, an effectual friend in WILLIAM WEST- 
 BUBY, who had succeeded JOHN CLERC, as Provost, in the 
 year 1447- He possessed consummate prudence and cou- 
 rage ; nor did he hesitate most strenuously to oppose The 
 Union of Eton College with that of Windsor ; but boldly 
 asserted the rights and privileges of the Body over which he 
 had presided so many years ; and, by refusing to acquiesce 
 while HENRY was a fugitive, and WAYNFLETE in disgrace, 
 as well as by his noble protest and appeal, he protected the 
 Munificence and upheld the Institution of his Founder. 
 
 The opposition which was made by WESTBURY, was in 
 the most open, regular, and courageous manner, by a public
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 57 
 
 instrument in the Chapel of St. Martin le Grand, London, 
 before a Public Notary and the most respectable witnesses, 
 men graduated and learned in the laws. He there in per- 
 son entered his Protest against all such Union and Incorpo- 
 ration, with uncommon intrepidity and spirit, and in words 
 warm with zeal and the vehicle of irresistible argument. 
 
 In consequence of this proceeding, the King applied to 
 Pope PAUL the Second, the Successor of Pius the Second, 
 acknowledging that he had been misinformed in the pre- 
 mises, and praying for a Dissolution of' the Union. 
 
 The Pope accordingly issued his Commission, dated the 
 sixth year of his Pontificate, to BOURCHIER Archbishop of 
 Canterbury, to act in the business as the case might appear 
 to require. 
 
 In obedience to the Papal command, the Archbishop 
 summoned the two Colleges before him : When the Provost, 
 who relaxed not for a moment in his magnanimous zeal for 
 the Foundations of HENRY the Sixth, harangued with un- 
 daunted firmness, and, as he is described, " se toils viribus 
 opposuit" for the rights of his imprisoned Founder. 
 
 The merit of his conduct was acknowledged by his oppo- 
 nents, and it is recorded in the Register of Windsor College. 
 The Dissolution of The " Bulla Unionlx* was accordingly 
 sent from Rome to the Archbishop. And King EDWARD, 
 by Letters Patent, dated the 1 7th of July, in the Seventh 
 year of his reign, 1468, made certain remunerations, if they 
 were not altogether restorations, for the violent injury which 
 he had done to ETON COLLEGE ; employing, at the same 
 time, conciliatory expressions of regard, and declaring his 
 wishes for it's future welfare and prosperity.* 
 
 * " Etonense etiam Collegium authoritate regali, necnon pa- 
 pali, Pii scilicet secundi., huic Regiae Capellae annectitur, et ap-
 
 58 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 Such was the effect of the noble and resolute stand made 
 by WESTBURY, in the support of his college ! an example 
 ever to be holden in view by his Successors, should they be 
 called upon to defend or maintain the rights which have 
 been handed down to them unimpaired. 
 
 After all the Depredations which ETON COLLEGE had 
 suffered, a return of it's Spirituals and Temporals, according 
 to the Survey in the Thirty-seventh year of the reign of 
 King HENRI the Eighth, 1 546, was made of 106'6..1Gs..9dr. 
 per annum. 
 
 The Manor of Eton was acquired by The College, in the 
 reign of EDWARD the Fourth, from the LOVEL family, who 
 inherited, through Female heirs, from the families of FITZ- 
 
 propriatur pensionibus quibusdam Praeposito et sociis, &c., ad 
 terminum vitae eorum assignatis. Sed Gulielmus Westbury, tune 
 Praepodtus, summa prudential et animi fortitudine praeditus, huic 
 unioni acquiescere noluit, sed se totis viribus opposuit. Unde 
 post aliquantulam, regnante Edvardo quarto, initationem, (sic), 
 tamque praeclari aedificii ruinam minitantem, Fundatio praedicta 
 Henrico Septimo rerum potito, auctoritate Parliament! redinte- 
 gratur et stabilitur, Bulla praedicti Pii secundi per Papam Pau- 
 lum secundum prius revocata et annihilate*." Extract from 
 Windsor MSS. 
 
 " In Curia Romana procurator regius Edvardi quart! 4to. 
 Bullam Papalem pro annexatione Collegii de Eton huic liberae 
 Capellae obtinuit ; cui Decanus et Canonic! pro labore suo in hoc 
 negotio impenso 66. .13. .4 in parte majoris summae dederunt." 
 Extract from the Catalogue of Deans, Windsor MSS. 
 
 As a matter of curiosity it may be mentioned, that it appears 
 by the same Catalogue, that " from the year 147O to 1484 in- 
 clusive, there were Eight Deans of Windsor ; whereas from the 
 first Foundation of Windsor (1348) to 1470 a space of 122 
 years, there were only Seven who bore the office of Gustos or 
 Dean." Two at least (DANETT and BEAUCHAMP) died Deans 
 out of the eight, a third (DUDLEY) died Bishop of Durham in 
 1483, and two others (MOBLAND and BENLEY) do not appear 
 to have had higher preferment, and therefore may be presumed, 
 to have died Deans.
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 59 
 
 OTHER, HODENGE, HUNTISCOMBE, and SCUDAMORE. It 
 now belongs to JOHN PENN, Esq., of Stoke Poges. 
 
 The Bridge which separates The College from the Town 
 (locally so called), known by the name of Barns-Poole, ap- 
 pears to have been originally called Bawlderts or Baldivyn's 
 Bridge. This was " plucked up and new built, an. 1658." 
 
 The following is a " List of the Benefactors and their 
 Guifts towards roofing, paving, wainscotting, seating, Organ 
 loft and Organ, with other improvements and repairs of the 
 Chapell of Eton College, 1699 and 1700: 
 
 Dr. GODOLPHIN, Provost, - 1000.. 0..0 
 
 Mr. UPMAN, Fellow, 10O.. 0..0 
 
 Mr. HAWTREY, Fellow, - - 50.. 0..0 
 
 Mr. HORNE, Fellow, 50.. 0..0 
 
 Dr. RICHARDSON, Fellow, - 50.. O..O 
 
 Mr. FLEETWOOD, Fellow - 50.. 0..0 
 
 Mr. YOUNG, - 10O.. 0..0 
 
 Mr. RICHARDS, - 10O.. 0..0 
 
 Mr. NEWBOROUGH, Master, - 107-10..O 
 
 Mr. WESTON, Usher, - 80.. 0..0 
 
 Lord Bishop of Ely, - 1OO.. 0..0 
 Dr. RODERICK, Provost of King's College, - 43.. 0..0 
 
 Guift of KING'S COLLEGE, 53..15..0 
 
 Mr. BERKELEY, of Yarlington, 50.. 0..0 
 
 The Honble. RICH. HILL, Esq., 50.. 0..0 
 With other smaller Donations making the sum of ,2257. . 10. .0 
 
 A further List. 
 
 <c Henry Earl of THOUMOND, 50.. 0..0 
 
 Lord GODOLPHIN, 1OO.. O..O 
 
 Sir W. SCAWEN, 100.. 0..0 
 
 Mr. WADDINGTON, 53..15..0 
 
 With other Donations amounting to - 566. .16. .6 
 " Mr. NEWBOROUGH, second Donation, - 108.. 9..0 
 
 Sir STEPHEN Fox, 53..15..0 
 
 With other Donations amounting to - 251..14..0 
 
 " Sir BOUCHIER WRAY, 107..10..0 
 
 Other Donations amounting to - 48..13..0 
 
 3232.. 3..6
 
 60 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 THE COLLEGIATE EDIFICE of Eton consists of two Quad- 
 rangles. The first occupies a considerable space, and 
 presents a venerable appearance, with a central Statue of the 
 Founder in bronze, the grateful gift (among others) of Dr. 
 GODOLPHIN, who was elected Fellow in 16/4, Vice-Provost 
 in 1684, and elevated to the dignity of Provost in October 
 1695. 
 
 This Square, or the School-yard, as it is more generally 
 denominated, is inclosed by the Chapel, Schools, Dormito- 
 ries, Master's Chambers, and the Eastern line of Buildings, 
 which, with the exception of the Porter's apartments, the 
 Registrar's Office, &c., belongs entirely to the Provost's 
 Lodge ; appertaining to which is a Tower in the centre, the 
 Gateway whereof forms the principal entrance to the 
 Cloisters. 
 
 The Lesser Quadrangle consists of the Cloisters, contain- 
 ing the Residences of the Fellows, part of the Provost's 
 Lodge, and the Library, beneath part of which is a flight 
 of steps, forming the ascent to the Hall ; another flight of 
 steps to the South leads to the Kitchens, Brew-house, Bake- 
 house, &c. 
 
 The Upper Story on the East and Northern sides of this 
 Quadrangle, was added in the years 1759 and 1760. The 
 estimate of this addition was 1940. 
 
 A new Clock was placed in the centre Tower of the first 
 Quadrangle, called LUPTON'S Tower, in the year 1765. 
 
 The old Clock was fixed against the Church under the 
 most Easterly window of the North side. A position cer- 
 tainly most inconvenient and unseemly ; but the improve- 
 ment is often lamented by those who sleep in the Southern 
 Apartments of the Provost's Lodge. 
 
 The Ante-chapel was repaired and beautified with Stucco 
 work in 1769. 
 
 The present UPPER SCHOOL was erected at the expense
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 61 
 
 of 22S6..9s.:i?. in the Provostship of Dr. CRADOCK.* 
 It forms the Western face of the larger Quadrangle, and is 
 
 * The following is a ff List of Benefactors, with their several 
 Benefactions given towards the re-building of the new School 
 at Eton Coll. begun A. D. 1689. 
 Imprimis, Mr. John RosewelTs (late Master of 
 Eton, who died Canon of Windsor, and Fellow 
 of Eton, on the 31st of October, 1684,) Legacy, 
 as in Audit Book, 1689, .300.. O..O 
 
 Dr. Fell, Bishop of Oxford, 1OO.. O..O 
 
 Sir John Moore, 1OO.. O..O 
 
 Lady Coventry, 100.. O..O 
 
 Sir Wm. Rawlinson, Lord Commissioner 
 
 of the Great Seal, 50.. O..O 
 
 James Paul, Esq. 50.. O..O 
 
 Henry Bulstrode, Esq. - 30.. O..O 
 
 Lord Godolphin, 21..10..0 
 
 Lord Chief Justice Holt, 21..10..0 
 
 Lord Hyde, 21..10..0 
 
 Dr. Lamplugh, Archbishop of York, 20.. O..O 
 
 Lord Dorsett (sic), 2O.. O..O 
 
 Lord Thanett, - 2O.. O..O 
 
 Lord Longuevill (sic), 2O.. O..O 
 
 Sir Francis Pemberton, - 2O.. O..O 
 
 John Whitfield, Esq. 20.. O..O 
 
 Jeoffry Jeoffrys, Esq. 2O.. 0..0 
 
 Antony Keck, Esq. 20.. O..O 
 
 Mr. Edmund Whitfield, 20.. O..O 
 
 Mr. William Fleetwood, 20.. 0..0 
 
 Other Donations of 15., 10*., 15d., and smaller 
 
 Sums, amounted to 1557.. 5.. 6 
 
 The College of Eton gave 200.. O..O" 
 
 Provost Cradock, 1OO.. 0..0 
 
 Vice-Provost Godolphin, 50.. 0..0 
 
 Dr. Price, Mr. Mountague, Mr. Upman, 
 Mr. Hawtrey, Mr. Home, Mr. Rich- 
 ardson, Fellows, ^20. each, - 120.. 0..0 
 Mr. Newborough, Master, 45..10..2 
 
 Mr. Weston, Usher, - 40.. 0..0., 
 
 555..10..2 
 
 JC2112..15..8" 
 <e The Sum of the whole charge in taking downe and re-
 
 62 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 supported on that side by an Arcade with double columns 
 of the Doric order, the whole structure presenting an eleva- 
 tion worthy of Sir CHRISTOPHER WREN, who designed it. 
 The School-room is spacious, and of fine proportions, but 
 fitted up in a plain manner with wainscot, having a hand- 
 some elevated Seat for the Head Master at the North end, 
 and four others for the Assistants, with Forms for the Scho- 
 lars, in uniform arrangement. At the South end is a large 
 Staircase, which ascends both to the Chapel and the School. 
 At the other end is the School Library, and a separate room 
 called " The Lobby," communicating with the Chambers of 
 
 building the New Schoole, begun A. D. 1689. 
 The Masons work, \ 050.. 11.. 8 
 
 The Carpenters worke, 172.. 2.. 2 
 
 The Bricklayers worke, 131. .10.. 4 
 
 For Slate and Slateing the roofe, 64..17-. 8 
 
 Timber Merchants bill, 115.. 2.. 2 
 
 Plaisterers account, 121.. 18.. 6 
 
 Plomers account, 94. .10.. 3 
 
 Joyners worke, 87.. 5.. 7 
 
 Carvers worke, 17- 2.. 
 
 Painters account, 0.. 15.. 9 
 
 Smiths worke, 137-H..10 
 
 Branches and Candlesticks, 51.. 13.. 6 
 
 Glasiers account, 17.. 19.. 9 
 
 Bricks, lime, and sand, 106.. 9.. 6 
 Carriage of materials and for Labourers worke, 22.. 18.. 5 
 
 In Gratuities to Surveyor and Measurer, 94.. O.. O 
 
 2286.. 9.. If" 
 
 It does not appear, why it was necessary to take down the 
 School which had lately been erected by Provost ALLESTREE, 
 and which occupied the whole South- West side of the Quad- 
 rangle ; but it may be collected from an extract of the Will of 
 Mr. ROSEWELL, that it was thought proper to lay out a large sum 
 in reparations, or to rebuild it, which was accordingly done. 
 See, a Print by HOLLAR in DUGDALE, at p. 195. of the Addit. to 
 the 3d vol.
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 63 
 
 The Upper Master, for whose attendants there are adjoin- 
 ing Rooms below, with a School for Writing, Arithmetic, 
 and Algebra. 
 
 The Library and Lobby are both used as School-rooms ; 
 the latter is particularly appropriated to the Class which is 
 called " The Remove? through which the Boys pass from 
 the Fourth to the Fifth Form. 
 
 THE LOWER SCHOOL is in the building on the North side 
 of this Quadrangle, and beneath a part of the principal 
 Dormitory, or Long Chamber, as it is generally denomin- 
 ated. It is a Room of considerable length, but not of a 
 proportionate height, with a range of ancient oak arches on 
 either side, and the Seats of the Scholars behind them. 
 There is a tradition, that it has been the splendid College 
 Stable of former times : but the better account is, that Sir 
 HENRY WOTTON fitted it up with pillars, on which might 
 be painted Pictures of Greek and Roman authors, for the 
 instruction of the Boys. A lower Dormitory, with the 
 chambers of the Under-Master, complete this part of The 
 College. There is also a third Dormitory at the End of 
 Long Chamber, called " CARTER'S Chamber" from the 
 Name of a former Usher or Under-Master. 
 
 THE LIBRARY is an apartment of large dimensions, fitted 
 up in a superior style of elegance, and furnished with a very 
 extensive and valuable Collection of Books. Among it's 
 Benefactors may be named the bounteous Provost GODOL- 
 PHIN, Dr. WADDINGTON, Bishop of Chichester, who died 
 Fellow of The College, Mr. MANN, Master of the Charter- 
 House, and of RICHARD TOPHAM, Esq., formerly Keeper 
 of the Records in the Tower, whose invaluable Collection of 
 Drawings after the Antique, which he had formed with 
 great taste and judgement in Italy, was presented to THE 
 COLLEGE by his Executors, Sir THOMAS REEVE, Chief 
 Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and Dr. MEAD. 
 
 The Revd. Mr. HETHERINGTON also gave several valua-
 
 64 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 ble Books on quitting his Fellowship, and left Five Hundred 
 Pounds at his death to add to the lettered stores of The 
 College. 
 
 The Revd. Mr. REYNOLDS (Uncle of the celebrated 
 Painter, Sir JOSHUA REYNOLDS), Fellow, and Canon Resi- 
 dentiary of Exeter, was a considerable Contributor. 
 
 And the late ANTHONY STOKER, Esq., bequeathed his 
 rich, curious, and elegant Library to the same Repository 
 of Learning. 
 
 The Revd. Mr. BETHAM, who died Fellow of the College 
 in. December 1783, had given in his life time an elegant 
 Bust of The Founder, HENRY the Sixth, which is placed 
 over the Door at the Western end of the Library, and 
 bequeathed the sum of 500. for a Statue of the same 
 Monarch, which was beautifully executed by BACON, and 
 now adorns the centre of the West Wall of the interior of 
 the Ante-chapel. 
 
 From an authentic Memorandum it appears, that the 
 Contributions of old ETONIANS assisted to defray the ex- 
 jfense of the building of this elegant Library,* which, in the 
 year 1810, was greatly improved by taking down the old 
 Windows, and substituting copper Frames, by rich Carpets, 
 and by being furnished with mahogany Chairs with red 
 morocco Covers. Dr. DA VIES, the late Provost, having 
 bequeathed 1000. 3 per Cent. Stock for the improvement 
 
 * Benefactors to the Library, in 1728, 
 
 Bishop of ST. ASAPH (FLEETWOOD, actual Fellow 
 
 of Eton), 100.. 0..0 
 
 Lord GODOLPHIN, - 50.. 0..0 
 
 Marquis of BLANDFORD, - - 50.. O..O 
 
 Lord PALMERSTON, 10..10..0 
 
 Mr. POYNTZ, 50.. 0..0 
 
 Mr. Wm. NORTHEY, 10..10..O 
 
 Mr. EDWARD NORTHEY, - 5.. 5..0 
 
 276- 5..0
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 65 
 
 of the Library, including the sum of 100., which * was 
 directed to be laid out in Books. 
 
 For these liberal Benefactions THE COLLEGE have pub- 
 licly recorded their grateful remembrance. In the centre 
 Compartment of the Library (over a Stove, built from a 
 Design of WYATT), in which the Books of Mr. TOPI r AM 
 are arranged, is the following Inscription, 
 
 " Hos libros selectissimos cum amplissima chartarum 
 copia, Vir natalibus pariter ac literis clarus RICARDUS 
 TOPHAM Vindesorianus magno suo sumptu et studio com- 
 paravit ; moriensque THOM^E REKVK Militis, et RICARDI 
 MEAD Archiatri fidei commisit, tit commodo publico inser- 
 virent, iidem viri praestantissimi, testamenti illius non imme- 
 mores, tarn libros quam chartas hujusce Bibliothecas inter 
 KE1MHAIA esse voluerunt A. D. MDCCXXXVI." 
 
 In the third or farther Compartment of the Library is 
 the following Inscription, which was written by the late 
 Provost, Dr. DAVIES, 
 
 " Libros hosce perelegantes judicio sui subtili nee mediocri 
 sumptu undeque conquisitos * 
 
 ANTONIUS MORRIS STORER de Purley in agro Berkiensi 
 
 Armig 1 . 
 Liberalium Artium Cultor egregius pueritiae hie actae 
 
 memor Collegio Etonensi 
 Pie et munifice legavit A. D. MDCCXCIX. 
 Dona haec, subsidia literarum pulcherrima 
 
 Nostrum erit grate commemorare, fideliter tueri." 
 
 Between the upper and lower Division of the Compart- 
 ment, an original Portrait of the Testator is suspended 
 against the iron railing, which was presented to THE COL- 
 LEGE by the liberality of The Rev. EDWARD BARNARD, of 
 Vale Mascot, in Kent, the son of the late Provost ; to whom, 
 being then Master, the Picture was originally presented by 
 Mr. STORER on his leaving School. 
 
 A considerable number of very valuable Oriental Manu- 
 
 VOL. i. F
 
 66 BUCKS. [EroN COLLEGE. 
 
 scripts, coDectcd by himself, was presented some years since 
 to THE COLLEGE by EDWARD EPHEAIM POTE, Esq., resi- 
 dent in India, and at that time Fellow of King's, to which 
 College also he made a similar munificent Donation. 
 
 THE HALL, where the SCHOLARS upon the Foundation 
 take their meals, is on the south side of the Cloisters. This 
 Refectory is of large dimensions, but without those orna- 
 ments which have sometimes been lavished on rooms of this 
 description. Two large ancient pieces of Tapestry, given 
 by ADAM ROBYNS, Fellow, are indeed hung at the upper 
 end of it, just before and at the time of the annual Election: 
 These represent Our Saviour disputing with the Doctors in 
 the Temple, and the Offering of the Wise Men. 
 
 Beyond the Cloisters are the College Gardens to the East, 
 and the Playing-fields to the North (anciently called " Play- 
 Ing Laese 1 " 1 ), containing a large open space for active recrea- 
 tion, with shady walks, whose Academic scenery is heighten- 
 ed by the Thames, which flows beside them, and the brow 
 of Windsor, with it's splendid Castle, rising in the more 
 Distant prospect. 
 
 The Field situate to the East of the Playing-fields, and 
 divided from them by a stream of water over which there 
 is a Bridge, is separated by rows of Horse-Chesnut 
 trees, and distinguished by the name of " The Upper and 
 Lower Shooting- Fields ; " the former of which is appro- 
 priated to the Cricket Matches of the best players, or as it 
 is locally phrased of " The Upper Club.'" 1 The Shooting 
 Fields, formerly called " The Worth" were probably so 
 named from the obsolete exercise of Arrow Shooting. 
 
 The long Bridge over the stream which separates the 
 Playing from the Shooting Fields, was built in the year 
 1571; and cost 3l..\(is..ld. The reparation of this 
 Bridge, when the middle arches were blown up by a flood 
 in 1809, cost above 900. 
 
 In 1715, the Piers of this Bridge were repaired, and,
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 67 
 
 instead of the old timber work, arches turned over them and 
 Parapet walls coped with stone, built at the expense of 
 
 250..15..4 
 Surveyor - 10..15..0 
 
 J261..10..4 
 
 The following are the names of those Eminent Men, who 
 have filled the dignified Office of PROVOST of this COLLEGE: 
 
 1. HENRY SEVER, appointed in 1441. 
 
 2. WILLIAM WAYNFLETE, 21st. December, 1442; 
 
 Consecrated Bishop of Winchester, SOth July. 
 
 3. JOHN CLERC, unanimously elected 3 1st July, 1447- 
 
 4. WILLIAM WESTBURY, in November, 14-1/ : Died 
 
 llth March, 147f. a 
 
 5. HENRY BOST, elected by the Majority 3 1st March, 
 
 1477 : Died 7th Feby., 150|. 
 
 6. ROGER LUPTON. elected by the Majority 1/th 
 
 Feby., 1503: Resigned 6th March, 153|. 
 7- ROBERT ALDRICH, unanimously elected 7th March, 
 
 153 : Resigned 29th December, 1547. 
 8. Sir THOMAS SMITH, elected 2<)th December, 
 
 1547 :<> Resigned 12th July, 1554. 
 
 a On the death of WILLIAM WESTBURY, on the 18th of 
 March the Four Fellows elected THOMAS BARKER for their Pro- 
 vost ; who declining the Provostship, they met on the 31st of 
 March and elected HENRY BOST, who had in the mean time 
 been elected Fellow, and votes at the Election. 
 
 b Sir THOMAS SMITH was elected on the same day on which 
 Bishop ALDRICH resigned. King EDWARD the Sixth's Letter of 
 Recommendation is, as follows : 
 
 "Trusty and well beloved we greate you well. 
 
 And whereas the Provostshipp or Mastershipp of 
 our Colleage of Eton is now at this present void by the Resig- 
 nation of the Right Reverende Father in God Robert Bishopp of 
 Carliell, We therefore having a zeale and mynd to the good go- 
 vernment of that our Colleage, and desiring to se you furnyshed
 
 8 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 9. HENRY COLE, COLLES, or COLL, elected by the 
 Majority 13th July, 1554: Died in December, 
 1579.' 
 
 10. WILLIAM BILL, unanimously elected 5th July, 
 
 1559: Died 15th July, 1561. 
 
 11. RICHARD BRUARNE, S. T. B., unanimously elected 
 
 25th July, 1561 : Admitted Provost on the 1st oT 
 August : Removed.* 1 
 
 of such a Governeare as in all poynts might seme worthy for 
 the rome, have thought good by advice and consentt of our most 
 entirely belovyd Uncle Edward Ducke of Somersett and Gover- 
 verner of our Person and Protector of all our Realmes, Domyn- 
 yons, and Subjects to commend to yowe by these Letters our 
 trusty belovyd Thomas Smythe, Doctor of Civill Lawe, whom 
 we know to be a man most mete to the government of such a 
 Colledge for the furtherance of Vertue and Lernynge, willynge 
 and requirynge yowe therefore to elect and chose the same to 
 the sayd government and offyse. And to thentent that there 
 myght be no stop nor let to the same, by cause the sayd Tho- 
 mas is not Priste or Doctor of Divinitie or otherwyse qualyfyed 
 as your Statutts dothe requyre, we consyderynge his other qua- 
 litees, thexcellency wherofe so far surmount the defect that 
 those before rehersyd shold make, have dispensyd and by these 
 presentts do dispense with yowe and the said Thomas and any 
 other that shall admytt the same Provost, and for all suche 
 thyngs or matters as shold in any wyse stope or lett the same 
 Election. Wherfore as our trust is of your gentilness confor- 
 mytie therin so we do not dowght but thaccomplyshment of this 
 our pleasure yow shal have cause to thynke yowrselfe furnyshed 
 of such a Master or Provost as aperteynythe. Yeven under our 
 sygnett at owr House of Hampton Court the 25th. day of De- 
 cember the fyrst yere of owr rayne." 
 
 c Whether Provost COLE or COLL was formally deprived of 
 the Provostship, or withdrew silently does not appear ; but an 
 Election of a Fellow was holden by The Vice-Provost, when 
 Dr. BILL was chosen first Fellow, and then Provost. 
 
 d Concerning the amotion of Provost BRUARNE, see STRYPE'S 
 Life of Archbishop PARKER lib. 2. cap. 6. p. 103 ; which ac- 
 count, however, is less accurate than another in a Manuscript 
 belonging to Bene't College, Cambridge.
 
 E TON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 69 
 
 12. WILLIAM DAY, unanimously elected 18th Deer., 
 
 156 : Admitted 5th Jany., 156| : Bishop of 
 Winchester 1595. 
 
 13. Sir HENRY SAVILE, elected 26th May, 1596' : f 
 Died Trovost 19th Feby., 162. 
 
 14. THOMAS MURRAY, elected with common assent 
 and consent 28th Feby., 162 X Died Provost 
 9th April, 1623. 
 
 e In the Letter to the Visitor announcing the unanimous 
 Election of Provost DAY the vacancy is loosely notified, " nuper 
 vacante Praepositurd Collegii." 
 
 f On the promotion of Provost DAY to the see of Winches- 
 ter, Mr. Secretary CECIL writes to the College to suspend their 
 Election, 'till Her Majesty shall signify Her further pleasure. 
 Letter, dated from Richmond 14th Jany., 159f . On the re- 
 ceipt of Her Majesty's Letter, dated Greenwich 18th May, 1596, 
 the Fellows with oneassentand consent elect Mr. HENRY SAVILL, 
 M.A. 
 
 * King JAMES writes to The College, 10th Feby., 162^, to 
 signify his pleasure that they should suspend their election, in 
 the event of Provost SAVILE deceasing before they heard from 
 him. 
 
 On the 23d of Feby., 1621, The Lord Keeper WILLIAMS, 
 Bishop of Lincoln, sent the following Letter to the Duke of 
 
 BUCKINGHAM, " about Mr. MURRAY'S Dispensation :" 
 
 " My most Noble Lord, 
 
 I should fail very much of my duty to his Majesty if, 
 before y e sealing of Mr. Thomas Murray's Dispensation, 1 
 should not acquaint his Majesty explicitely and freely with y e 
 nature of this Act, far differing from any Dispensation in this 
 kind, ever granted by his Majesty, since his happy coming to 
 y c crown of England. For (to say nothing of y e right of y e 
 Election of this Provost, which being originally not in y e King, 
 but in y e Fellows, and now by neglect devolved unto me., shall 
 be fully and absolutely at his Majesties CommandJ The Place 
 is a Living with Cure of Souls and I am to institute and admitt 
 him to y e Cure of Souls of y e Parish of Eaton by y e express 
 Letter of y e Statute : Without Admission, it is impossible he 
 should receive any real or rightfull Possession of y* same. Now 
 that his Majesty or any of his Predecessors did ever dispence 
 w th a Layman to hold Cure of Souls I think will be hard for
 
 70 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 15. Sir HENRY WOTTON, Knt, recommended 20th 
 July, elected 24th July, 1624: h Died Provost. 
 
 any man to shew by any warrantable President or Record what- 
 soever : And I know his Majesty to be as much averse from 
 giving any such President as any Prince in Christendom living 
 this day. This is altogether differing from a Deanery or an 
 Hospital ; which being Livings without Cure have been and may 
 be, justly confer'd by his Majesty on Laymen with dispensations 
 de non promovendo. If Sir Henry Savil's example be objected, 
 I answer (besides that y e Queen made claim to y e gift of y e 
 place by lapse, occasioned through y e Promotion of y e Provost 
 to y e Bishopric of Chichester, whereas his Majesty had no such 
 Claim thereunto at this time) That Savil never durst take true 
 Possession of y e place, but was only slipt in by y e Bishop (who 
 for fear of y e Earl of Essex made bold with y e Conscience) Ad 
 Curam et Regimen Collegii, that is, to y e Care and Government 
 of y e College : Whereas by y e express words of y e Foundation 
 he is to be admitted Ad Curam animarum Parochiarum Ecclesia? 
 Mtonianot, to y e Cure of Souls of y e Parish of Eaton. Secondly, 
 I hold it no Disparagement to Mr. Murray (nor do I find him 
 altogether averse from y e same) to enter into Orders in y e Reign 
 of a King so favourable to our Coat, as (God's name be prais'd 
 for it) Reigns now over us. This will give Satisfaction to all 
 y e Church bring him into his place according to Statute and y 
 Foundation of that dead King prevent such dangerous president 
 for a Layman to possess cure of Souls in y e Eye and Centre of 
 v e Realm, and be an Everlasting Testimony of his Majesties 
 Piety to y e Church of England. Thirdly, what Opinion this 
 Gentleman hath of our Church Government is better known to 
 his Majesty then to me. If he should be averse thereunto, it 
 were such a Blow unto y e Church (the Number of Fellows and 
 Students there consider'd) as y c like was never given these fifty 
 vears by publick Authority. Fourthly, howsoever his Majesty 
 and y e Prince his Highness shall resolve thereof (at whose feet 
 I lie to be wholly disposed) I hope it is neither of their Roial 
 iutendments to transfer y e Bishoprick of Lincoln upon the Fel- 
 lows of that House who have rashly usurped y e Power of admit- 
 ting their Provost contrary to any Example seen before. Whereas 
 all Provosts as well Churchmen who come in by Election as 
 Laymen recommended by y e late Queen were (as y e Foundation 
 exactly requires it) admitted by y e Bishop of Lincoln their Dio- 
 cesan and Visitor. I hope it was Mr. Murray's Inexperience ra- 
 ther than neglect (never deserved by me) that directed them to this
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 71 
 
 16. RICHAED STEWABT, recommended 2-4 th Dec., 
 
 strange Course : Subscription and other Conformities to be acted 
 in y e presence of y e Visitor are essentially to be required before 
 he can be admitted Provost of Eaton. Lastly, Mr. Murray hath 
 hitherto mistaken all his Course, he must first be dispensed withall 
 (if his Majesty in his Wisdom shall hold it fit) and then be 
 elected first Fellow, then Provost, of the College (if he will come 
 in regularly and safely) whereas now contrary to Savil's presi- 
 dent he is first elected then goes on with his Dispensation. 
 
 All this I most humbly beg Yo r Lordship to make known to 
 his Highness and as much as Yo r Lordship thinks fitt thereof to 
 his Majesty, I will only add one Note and so end ; It will be no 
 more disparagement to Mr. Murray his Highness School-master 
 to enter into Order then it was to Coxe K. Edward's School- 
 master, a Master of Requests and Privy Counsellor to do y e like, 
 who afterwards became a Worthy Prelate of this Church. I 
 have discharged my Duty to y e King, Prince, and Church of 
 England it remains now that I should (as I will) religiously obey 
 whatsoever I shall be Directed in y' Sequel of this Business. And 
 so I rest, &c. 
 
 Postscript. 
 My Lord, 
 
 Mr. Murray since came unto me, to whom I 
 show'd this Letter and told him I would send it unto you to be 
 show'd to y e King and Prince. I find him willing to run all 
 courses, Priesthood only excepted. If y' King will dispence w th 
 him my Letter notwithstanding, I humbly beseech his Majesty 
 to write a Letter unto me as a Warrant to admitt him only Ad 
 Curam et Regimen CoUegii, instead of y e other word, Ad Curam 
 Animarum. I school'd him soundly against Puritanism which 
 he disavows, though somewhat faintly : I hope his Highness 
 and y e King will second it." 
 
 A Second Letter from King JAMES, dated the 26th of Feb- 
 ruary, recommends THOMAS MURRAY, Secretary to his dearest 
 Son. 
 
 The Instrument of the Admission of the new Provost has due 
 regard to the circumstances of the Election. It is dated, the 
 2d of March, 162f 
 
 h Provost MURRAY appears to have died on the 9th of April, 
 1623. The Provostship was therefore vacant above a year. 
 
 "' JAMES R. 
 
 Trustie and welbeloved we greete vow well.
 
 72 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 elected 28th Dec. 1639: ! Died 14th Nov., 1643 at 
 St. Germains. 
 17. FKANCIS ROUSE, in 1643 : k Died 7th Jan , 165. 
 
 Whereas that o r Colledge of Eton hath beene now some tyme 
 destitute of a Gouerner by the decease of THOMAS MURRAY late 
 Provost there, Forasmuch as in o r princely affection to learneinge 
 wee consider how much yt concerns the good of such Semynaries 
 to be governed with som person of meritt and fitt for such 
 charge, And that not only o r noble predicessor of happie me- 
 morie from tyme to tyme, but ourselfe likewise have had a spe- 
 ciall eye to the disposall of that place, Wee have now thought 
 good to recom'end unto yow o r trustie and welbeloved servant 
 S r HENRY WOTTON, Knight, to succeede in that Government, 
 whoe in regarde of his many abilities, faithfull services and tra- 
 vailes these manie yeares in negociating with foraine Princes and 
 States and managinge o r greate and weightie affaires, and like- 
 wise in respect of his learneinge and integritie wee esteeme of 
 singular deserte, and worthie of this and a more emynent marke 
 of o r princely favoure. Wee doe therefore hereby will and re- 
 quire yow that forthwith assemblinge yo r selves in due order and 
 as in such cases is usuall yee not only elect and chuse the said 
 S r HENRY WOTTON, Knt., to the place of Provost of that o r 
 Colledge, But alsoe that yee admitt him immediatly into the 
 same, and suffer him peaceably and quietly to enjoye yt, with 
 all preheminences, privileges, commodities, profitts, and advan- 
 tages whatsoever thereunto belonging in as ample ajtid bennifi- 
 ciall man~er as any Provost of that o r Colledge hertofore hath 
 or ought to have enjoyed, any locall statute of the house or any 
 constitutions, custome, matter or thinge to the contrary in any 
 wise notwithstanding. And these o r le"rs shall be yo r suffi- 
 cient warrant and discharge in this behalfe. Given under o r 
 Signet at o r Pallace of Westminster the xx th daie of July in the 
 XX yth y eare O f O r reigne of England, Fraunce, and Ireland. And 
 of Scotland the lvy th . 
 
 To our trustie and Welbeloved The Vice-Provost 
 
 and Fellowes of our Colledge of Eton 
 
 Windebanke." 
 1 " CHARLES R. 
 
 Trusty and welbeloved we greete you well. 
 Whereas we are informed y l according to appointm 1 and the 
 Statutes of our Colledge at Eton in y' beginning of August next 
 an election is there to be held of Scholars into that and our 
 other Royall foundation of Kings colledge in Cambridge : And
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 73 
 
 18. NICHOLAS LOCKYER, elected by the common assent 
 and consent of the Fellows 14th Jan., 1658: Ad- 
 mitted 1 st February : Ejected at the Restoration. 
 
 19. NICHOLAS MONCK, in July 1660: Bishop of Here- 
 
 ford: Died 1 7th Dec., 1661. 
 
 y l your said Statutes doe expressly require y e personall presence 
 of our Provost of Eton at y e Election. Wee have oute of this 
 and sundry other weighty considerations thought expedient and 
 good for this yeare wholly to put off y* said Election and to that 
 ende to dispence, as by theese our Letters wee doe fully dispense 
 with your Statutes and every clause of y m , whereby you are or 
 ought to be obliged to hold the said Election on y e time before 
 expressed, w h our pleasure and command is y* for this yeare you 
 putt of and discharge : And wee further hereby will and require 
 you, who are there present, and all others whom it may con- 
 cerne, y 1 you proceede not to any manner of Election of Scho- 
 lars into either of our said Colledges without y e personall pre- 
 sence of our Provost of Eton, unlesse hereafter you receave 
 expres order from us to y c contrary, w k probably ere long you 
 may. Willinge and commandinge a true coppie hereof to be 
 entred and kept in your publick Register. For all w ch these our 
 Letters shalbe your warrant. Given at our Court at Oxford 
 y e 6th day of July in y e nineteenth yeare of our raigne 1643. 
 
 To our trustie and welbeloved y e viceprovost and 
 Fellowes of our Colledge at Eton." 
 
 Provost STEWART was then with the King at Oxford, and 
 took the College Seal with him ; in consequence, on the ap- 
 pointment of Provost Ho us by the Parliament, the public In- 
 struments were only subscribed, " In cujus rei testimonium 
 nomina nostra subscripsimus " and this continued until the 
 year 1648, when a copy of Presentation occurs with the old 
 Formulary, " In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum com- 
 mune apposuimus." 
 
 k Rous is said to have been made Provost in 1643, but it does 
 not appear that he acted as Provost before the 3d of December 
 1644, in the Presentation to the Vicarage of Docking. 
 
 '. There is no entry in the Register how Provost LOCKYER 
 was ejected at the Restoration ; or how NICHOLAS MONCK, the 
 Duke of ALBEMARLE'S brother, was chosen to succeed him.
 
 74 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 20. JOHN MEREDITH, elected 3d March, 166J: In- 
 
 stituted 6th March: Died 16th Jan., 1665. m 
 
 21. RICHARD ALLESTEEK, elected 8th August, 1665: 
 Instituted 10th August: Died 28th Jan., 168. 
 
 22. ZACHARY CRADOCK, elected 24th Feb., 168?. In- 
 stituted 26th February. 
 
 23. HENRY GODOLPHIN, 23d of October, 1 695 : In- 
 
 stituted 30th October: Died 29th Jan., 1732. 
 
 24. HENRY BLAND, elected 10th Feb., 1732: In- 
 
 stituted 13th Feb.: Died 24th May, 1746. 
 
 25. STEPHEN SLEECH, '1th of June, I7'16 n : Instituted 
 
 llth June: Died 8th October, 1765. 
 
 26. EDWARD BARNARD, elected 25th Octr., 1765 : In- 
 
 stituted and inducted 28th Octr. : Installed 30th 
 October. 
 
 27. WILLIAM HAYWARD ROBERTS, elected 14th Dec., 
 
 17^1 : Instituted and inducted 18th Dec.: In- 
 stalled 22d December. 
 
 28. JONATHAN DAVIES, D. D., elected 17th Dec., 
 1791: Instituted and inducted 26th Dec : In- 
 stalled 27th December. 
 
 29. JOSEPH GOODALL, D. D., 21st Dec., 1809. The 
 present Provost. 
 
 m On the death of Provost MOXCK, the King first, on the 19th 
 of Dec., recommended Dr. THOMAS BROWNE ; in a second Let- 
 ter, dated the 26th of Feb. 166f, he revoked this recommenda- 
 tion and signified his Royal pleasure that Dr. MEREDITH should 
 be elected 5 from the interval it appears probable, that some 
 representation had been made to the King, some reference to 
 the qualifications required by the Statutes, and this inference is 
 drawn more particularly from the expression in the Royal Let- 
 ter, " We having since received further information on that par- 
 ticular." 
 
 n Provost SLEECH'S instrument of Election is in English, us 
 is also his instrument of Institution. From which time the 
 Latin forms have been laid aside.
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS, 75 
 
 The following Portraits of PROVOSTS are in the Dining- 
 room of the Lodge : 
 Sir THOMAS SMITH. 
 Sir HENRY SAVILE. 
 Dr. STEWART. 
 Sir FRANCIS Rous, in his Robes as Speaker of " The 
 
 Barebones Parliament? 
 Dr. ALLESTREE. 
 Dr. CRADOCK, by Sir Peter Lely. 
 Dr. GODOLPHIN. 
 Dr. BLAND. 
 
 The Dignity of the Office of PROVOST of ETON has been 
 an object of great solicitude. 
 
 Sir THOMAS WYAT wittily prayed HENRY the Eighth to 
 bestow the Provostship upon him, as a Living of \ 00. a 
 year more than enough, " where a man hath his diet, his 
 lodging, his horse-meat, his servant's wages, his riding 
 charge, and a Hundred pounds per annum besides 
 
 Lord BACON petitioned JAMES the First for the Provost- 
 ship, after his disgrace. 
 
 In the month of August, 1665, CHARLES the Second, 
 unsolicited, nominated ROBERT BOYLE, to the Provostship ; 
 which, after mature deliberation, though contrary to the 
 advice of all his friends, he absolutely declined. 
 
 In the same year, EDMUND WALLER, the Poet, asked 
 from the King the Provostship, and obtained it ; but Lord 
 CLARENDON refused to put the seal to the grant, alleging 
 that it could be holden only by a Clergyman. It is known 
 that Sir HENRY WOTTON qualified himself for it by Dea- 
 con's Orders. To this opposition, the" " Biographic^ im- 
 putes the violence and acrimony with which WALLER joined 
 BUCKINGHAM'S faction in the prosecution of CLARENDON. 
 A year after the Chancellor's banishment, another vacancy 
 gave him encouragement for another Petition, which the 
 King referred to the Council, who, after hearing the ques-
 
 76 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 tion argued by Lawyers for three days, determined that the 
 office could be holden only by a Clergyman, according to 
 the Act of Uniformity, since the Provosts had always re- 
 ceived Institution, as for a Parsonage, from the Bishops of 
 Lincoln. The King then said, he could not break the law 
 which he liad, made: and Dr. ZACHARY CRADOCK, famous 
 for a single Sermon, at most for two Sermons, was chosen 
 by the Fellows. 
 
 THE MASTER, and LOWER MASTER, of the School are 
 elected by The Provost and Fellows. 
 
 The qualifications chiefly required for MASTER are, that 
 he have sufficient skill in teaching Grammar; that he 
 be a Master of Arts ; not married, nor preferred in any 
 College, or Chapel or Church with Cure of Souls, within a 
 mile of Eton : of honest report ; who shall constantly and 
 diligently attend on teaching the Collegers, Choristers, and 
 all others, who, for the sake of Learning, shall come from 
 any part of England ; to have also regard to their lives and 
 manners ; and especially to the good behaviour of the Col- 
 legers, and those Choristers, who shall be of the School. 
 
 The person to be elected to the Office of LOWER MASTER, 
 is to be sufficiently well versed in Grammar Learning ; not 
 married ; nor in Holy Orders ; a Bachelor of Arts ; of 
 good character ; and who shall diligently assist the Master, 
 when present, and, in his absence, shall supply his place ac- 
 cording to the utmost of his power. 
 
 The principal design of The Founder, in the establish- 
 ment of his Foundations at Eton and Cambridge, appears to 
 have been, for the education of Scholars in Grammar 
 Learning; who being afterwards properly graduated in 
 Academical Degrees, might be qualified for Holy Orders, 
 and make an increase of Clergy. Accordingly, the Royal 
 Founder making known his intention of a College at Eton, 
 mentions the Scholars first, and they are the only persons 
 who are designated with a name of distinction. They are
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 77 
 
 also particularized by the name of " Scholares Ck-rici" 
 hereby intimating their designation ab origins for Orders in 
 the Church. 
 
 THE SCHOLARS are named in the Statutes next after the 
 Provost; and they are to be SEVENTH in number. 
 
 The Statutable qualifications of these Scholars are, that 
 they be " Pauperes et Indigentes" ; of good Morals, docible, 
 competently skilled in Reading, Chanting, and Grammar ; 
 not under Eight years of age ; they are eligible 'till Fifteen; 
 two years must intervene before their names can appear on 
 the Indentures for King's College. Preference is to be 
 given to Boys born in those Parishes where Eton or King's 
 College have Estates, provided they are born in England or 
 Wales ; next, td those born in the Counties of Buckingham 
 or Cambridge, if the Electors judge them competent ; and 
 due respect is ordered to be had to the Choristers of Eton 
 and King's College. 
 
 No illegitimate person, or who has any incurable Disease, 
 or is so maimed in his limbs as to be incapable of entering 
 into Holy Orders, is on any account to be admitted. 
 
 Any possession of an Estate exceeding 5 marks (or? 
 3. .6.. 8) per annum, is a disqualification. But the compa- 
 rative value of money is, of course, now considered. 
 
 None are to continue in College beyond their Eighteenth 
 year, unless they are nominated in the Indenture of the 
 preceding election to King's College, in which case they may 
 continue at Eton until they are Nineteen years old complete, 
 and this is locally called " The year of Grace? But be- 
 yond that period, they are not to continue upon the Foun- 
 dation on any account whatever. 
 
 The time of ELECTION of Scholars for ETON, and KING'S, 
 is on that Monday which the Provost and Master of Eton 
 
 o By the express desire or rather Command of the present 
 King, GEORGE the Third, Collegers have been for Thirty years 
 past, called " Kings Scholars."
 
 78 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 shall name, out of two continuous Mondays (such at least 
 has been the uniform practice since the Restoration) pro- 
 posed to them by the Provost of King's College, between the 
 Feast of St. Thomas a Becket (the 7th of July) and of The 
 Assumption of The Blessed Mary (the 15th of August). 
 But, for above Sixty years with very few exceptions, it has 
 been on the last Monday in July. When all persons, as 
 above qualified, may offer themselves for Examination. 
 The Provost of King's is to send such notice, so that, Seven 
 weeks beforehand, Schedules of the day appointed for ex- 
 amination may be fixed up at the Western Door of the 
 Chapel, and at the great Gate of the College. This notice 
 has, from time immemorial, been sent on the Whit-Tuesday 
 of each year. 
 
 THE EXAMINEES or ELECTORS are, The Provost of 
 Eton, The Provost or in his absence The Vice-Provost of 
 King's, The Vice-Provost of Eton, The Senior Poser (a 
 Fellow of King's, of the Degree of Master of Arts), The 
 Master of Eton School, and The Junior Poser (a Fellow of 
 King's, of the like Degree of Master of Arts). 
 
 The said Electors being met in the great Parlour of the 
 Provost, generally called " The Election Chamber" and 
 having seen that the Indentures of the last Election have 
 been fully executed by the Admission of the Scholars, therein 
 nominated, into Eton College, and the Dismission of the 
 Scholars therein nominated for King's, according to the 
 Vacancies that have happened in the said College, and in 
 the proper order ; and having cancelled the said Indentures, 
 and having heard read to them the third and fourth of the 
 Eton Statutes, and the Act of Queen ELIZABETH against 
 Simony, &c., proceed to the Examination of Scholars as 
 well for ETON as for KING'S ; having first taken their cor- 
 poral Oath on The Holy Evangelists, that they will faith- 
 fully observe, and diligently put in execution, the Statutes 
 which they have heard read. 
 
 The usual method for electing Scholars on the Eton
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 79 
 
 Foundation is, The Provost of Eton elects the first, third, 
 fifth, seventh, thirteenth, and nineteenth; The Provost of 
 King's elects the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, fourteenth, 
 and twentieth ; The Vice-Provost elects the ninth, fifteenth, 
 and twenty-first : The Senior Poser elects the tenth, six- 
 teenth, and twenty-second ; The Master elects the eleventh, 
 seventeenth, and twenty-third ; and The Junior Poser 
 elects the twelfth, eighteenth, and twenty-fourth. Should 
 the number exceed Twenty-four, the Provost of Eton would 
 nominate the twenty-fifth, and the Provost of King's the 
 twenty-sixth ; beyond this number no Indenture has ever 
 extended. 
 
 When any vacancy happens at King's, the Provost or 
 Vice-Provost is to notify the same to the Provost (or Vice- 
 Provost) and Master at Eton, within ten days after their 
 receiving notice of such vacancy ; and the Provost (or Vice- 
 Provost) and Master are to declare the vacancy within three 
 days from the receipt of the Letter, when the next upon 
 the Roll is to be sent off, who must be at King's within 
 Twenty days from the time of the Declaration of the vacancy 
 being notified at Eton ; and be admitted at King's, as a 
 Probationary Scholar, within three days from the time of 
 his appearance. 
 
 The Statute mentions no particular number to be nomi- 
 nated at such Election, either for ETON or KING'S ; But it 
 is certain, that no proof can be adduced of more than Twelve 
 names having been ever entered on the Indentures for 
 King's College ; and the number of Twenty-four has been 
 very rarely exceeded on the Indenture for Eton: That, 
 from 1660 to the present day, such has been the practice is 
 certain from the Register at Eton. The Statute provides 
 only, that, if before the first of May there shall be Six or 
 more vacancies in King's which cannot be filled up by those 
 nominated in the Indenture, then there shall be another 
 Election in like form. The Provost of Kjng's giving Fifteen
 
 80 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 days notice of the same ; that so the business may be 
 finished, and the vacancies filled up before the end of May. 
 
 But to prevent the trouble and expense in a second Elec- 
 tion, the usual way is now to elect Twenty-four Scholars (if 
 so many offer themselves) upon the Foundation of Eton, 
 and to nominate Twelve of the Senior Scholars for King's 
 College ; the said Scholars to succeed regularly, as vacan- 
 cies shall happen in both Foundations. 
 
 The Scholars who are elected upon the Foundation at 
 Eton are to be admitted into College within eight days, 
 after a vacancy in the same ; or, if absent, they are to be 
 cited by Schedules to appear at Eton within Twenty days 
 from the time that such monition thereof is fixed up against 
 the Folding-doors at the West end of the Church. 
 
 Their failure herein, is the forfeiture of their Election ; 
 as it is also at King's, if they are not present within the like 
 time appointed for them. 
 
 The Election is to be at no other place than ETON. 
 
 If disputes arise in the course of the Examination, the 
 decision is to be made by the majority of the Electors. Nor 
 is any accident of death or unavoidable absence of any of 
 the Electors to frustrate, or abrogate the Election. There 
 is no recorded instance of any Election at which Three 
 Electors from King's College were not present. In case of 
 the Provost's illness, the Vice Provost, or some Senior 
 Fellow, appears for him. If any of the Eton Electors be ill, 
 no Substitute is appointed. 
 
 It is ordered by The Statutes, that all the Scholars upon 
 the Foundation should be taught gratis, (and so are some 
 to this day), and the Masters on their Admission swear not 
 to exact any payment. But it should seem, that an unwil- 
 lingness on the part of Parents to have a reproachful dis- 
 tinction made between their sons upon The Foundation, and 
 the Oppidans, has gradually led to an innovation on this 
 head.
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 81 
 
 THE KING'S SCHOLARS are lodged, have Commons, 
 and a Gown. The Statutes restrict the whole expense of 
 them to a definite sum, which, it is believed, they now 
 actually cost THE COLLEGE. 
 
 Commons were formerly allowed to sick boys ; but so wide 
 a door was opened to abuse and irregularity, that, by order 
 of the Master, the practice was discontinued. The evil was 
 found to be very great, and due care could not be taken of 
 those who were really ill. 
 
 The Vacancies which occur at KING'S, arise from Eccle- 
 siastical Preferment, Marriage, voluntary Resignation, or 
 Death of it's Fellows ; and these have been usually about 
 Nine in Two years. 
 
 After the expiration of Three years from the day of their 
 Admission at KING'S, they are received as FELLOWS upon that 
 Foundation. But the Statutes suppose at least regular 
 behaviour, general industry, &c. Their Admission into 
 their Fellowships is any thing but compulsory. 
 
 THE INDEPENDENT SCHOLARS, or " OPPIDANS," as they 
 are universally denominated, are very numerous. Some, 
 mostly of high Birth or the Children of opulent Parents, are 
 boarded in the Houses of the Lower Master and the 
 Assistants ; some few in private Houses under the care of 
 Individuals, who are locally stiled " Private Tutors ,-" 
 and the rest in the respective Boarding-Houses, the presiding 
 Masters and Mistresses of which enjoy the prescriptive Title 
 of " Domine " and " Dame? 
 
 The present Terms, for the Education and Board of 
 OPPIDANS, are ONLY, 
 
 The Master, - 6.. 6..0 
 
 Tutor, - - 10..10..0 
 
 Board, Washing, and Servants, &c., 50.. 0..0 
 
 Other Expenses, exclusive of Extra Masters, ought 
 
 not to exceed - - - 33.. 4.. 
 
 VOL*, i. G 100.. 0..0
 
 82 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 That is to say, if the Parent is prudent, and the expenses 
 of the boy are properly restricted, the annual Charge ought 
 not to . exceed One Hundred Pounds per annum A sum 
 far less than the Public in general imagine, and deserving 
 the highest commendations of every friend to Learning. 
 But, in many instances, the improper concessions of Parents 
 and the consequent extravagance of the boys themselves, 
 more than double this sum. 
 
 The expenses of the OPPIDANS who reside in the Houses 
 of their Tutors, or of those who have Private Tutors, amount 
 to a very large sum ; but of this description the number 
 hardly ever exceeds Twenty, and they are the sons of 
 Noblemen, or Gentlemen of very large fortunes. 
 
 On the Monday in the Week of the Public Examination, 
 THE ELECTION HOLIDAYS, as they are called, take place 
 for the Boys not upon The Foundation, which for them last 
 Five weeks ; but the Vacation of THE KING'S SCHOLARS 
 does not commence, until the following Wednesday. There 
 is also rather more than a Month of Recess at Christmas, 
 and rather more than a Fortnight at Easter. 
 
 The present number of Boys is FOUR HUNDRED and 
 SEVENTY ONE. A circumstance, which, as it far exceeds 
 any former period, is peculiarly honourable to the Talents 
 and Care of it's able Masters; and amply confirms the 
 renowned Character and Prosperity of the School. Stet 
 Fortuna Domus ! 
 
 By a Patent of EDWARD the Fourth, in the Eighteenth 
 year of his reign, 1479, a Licence is granted to THE 
 PROVOST and COLLEGE of ETON, to purchase lands in per- 
 petuity to the yearly value of Twenty Pounds, being an 
 exemption to that amount from the operation of the Statute 
 of Mortmain. 
 
 On the Union of the Houses of York and Lancaster under 
 HENRY the Seventh, (who was educated at Eton), the Sove- 
 reign power appeared to regard this College with a more
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 83 
 
 favourable aspect : as, by an Act of Parliament in the Fourth 
 year of that Monarch's reign, 1489, the King confirmed this 
 Foundation in it's Charters and Privileges. He also re- 
 stored some of the Estates of which it had been wantonly 
 despoiled, and granted Licences to divers persons, to enable 
 them to give or to bequeath their lands to THE COLLEGE, 
 notwithstanding the act of Mortmain. 
 
 By the Patent, to which reference has just l)een made, it 
 appears, that EDWARD the Fourth gave, among other re- 
 compensing acts, in free, pure, and perpetual alms, the 
 Priory of Ponnington, in the County of Dorset, with the 
 lands, tenements, and appurtenances, thereunto belonging in 
 Melbourne, Cheke, and Charleton, in the same County : 
 With this Proviso, that, from the revenues of the same, 
 FIVE STUDENTS should be maintained at Oxford, who had 
 received their education at the School of Eton. This 
 Priory was afterwards exchanged by The College with 
 HENRY the Eighth, in the Thirty-eighth year of his reign : 
 but, what reserve was made for the fulfilment of the forego- 
 ing proviso, when the Exchange was confirmed in the first 
 year of EDWARD the Sixth, does not appear. 
 
 Eton also sends Two SCHOLARS to Merton College, 
 Oxford, called " Portionistce,"" or, by a singular corruption 
 of the term, " Post-Masters" They were established by 
 The Revd. JOHN CHAMBER, Fellow of Eton in 1582, and 
 Canon of Windsor ; and are of the annual value of from 
 .40. to 50. each. One of these is in the gift of The 
 Provost of Eton ; the other, in the gift of The Provost of 
 King's. 
 
 There are THREE EXHIBITIONS or SCHOLARSHIPS of 
 
 i 
 
 20. each, for seven years, founded by Provost Rous at 
 Pembroke College, Oxford, in 1657. In the first instance, 
 Relatives of the Testator are to be preferred ; but if no 
 Relative is appointed, the Master of Pembroke is to give 
 notice within Fifty days of a vacancy to the Provost, Vice-
 
 34 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE". 
 
 Provost or Senior Fellow of Eton College, and within Fifty 
 days after such notification a Scholar of the Foundation of 
 Eton College is to be sent to Pembroke College, who, in 
 that case, is entitled to such Exhibition ; if no such Scholar 
 is sent, the nomination lapses to Pembroke College. 
 
 There are also some Exhibitions for SUPERANNUATED 
 SCHOLARS. To this laudable purpose, The Revd. JOHN 
 REYNOLDS, Fellow, was a Contributor. His Exhibitioners, 
 THREE in number, must be entered at Exeter College, 
 Oxford. About twenty years since, these Exhibitions were 
 of the annual value of 20. Since that time, the produce 
 of the Exhibitions, when vacant, has been regularly laid out 
 by The College, and they are now of the yearly value of 
 34. They are holden until the Exhibitioners have com- 
 pleted their Twenty-fourth year, provided they continue to 
 reside at the University. 
 
 The late Revd. Mr. CHAMBERLAYNE, Fellow, bequeathed 
 an Estate at Hingham, in the County of Norfolk, of the 
 supposed value of 87- per annum, after the death of his 
 Widow, and Sisters, one of whom Mrs. KENNICOTT is still 
 alive. 
 
 Dr. BERRIMAN, Fellow of Eton, bequeathed 10. per 
 annum to a SUPERANNUATED COLLEGER, to be admitted in 
 any College or Hall of either University, to be holden for 
 Five years if he reside at College so long : To this Mr. 
 HETHERINGTON, also Fellow of Eton, added 5. per annum; 
 and the late Provost, Dr. DAVIES, further added 15. per 
 annum. This is in the gift of The Provost of Eton. 
 
 Mr. BRYANT bequeathed 30. per annum, to be distri- 
 buted at the discretion of the Provost of Eton, in one or 
 more Scholarships, for no definite period. 
 
 Provost DAVIES bequeathed ; 1st., a Scholarship of 48. 
 per annum, after the demise of his Niece, for a SUPERAN- 
 NUATED COLLEGER, to be holden until he has completed his 
 Twenty-fourth year ; in the gift of The Provost of Eton :
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 85 
 
 2dly, Another of 42. per annum, for an actual Scholar of 
 King's College, to be holden for the term of Four years ; in 
 the gift of the Master of Eton : 3rdly, a Scholarship of 
 42. per annum, for a SUPERANNUATED COLLEGER, on the 
 same conditions as the former ; in the gift of the Master of 
 Eton: ithly, \0. in Books to be given to a Boy among 
 the Ten first upon the Foundation, who shah 1 write the best 
 copy of verses for the Christmas task ; 10. to the same, 
 for the best copy of Verses for the Easter task; and two 
 Prizes of 5. in Books, for the two best Declamations. 
 
 Mr. HOLWEY founded Two SCHOLARSHIPS of 6. per 
 annum each, at Catharine Hall, Cambridge, for persons 
 educated at Eton or Merchant Taylors' School. 
 
 THE ECCLESIASTICAL PREFERMENTS in the gift of ETON 
 COLLEGE are, 
 
 In BEDFORDSHIRE, Brumham, V. 
 
 Oakley, V. 
 BERKSHIRE, Stratfield Mortimer, V. 
 
 Clewer, R. 
 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, Burnham, V. 
 
 Farnham Royal, R. 
 Hitcham, R. 
 
 DEVONSHIRE, Modbury, V. 
 
 DORSETSHIRE, Piddle-Hinton, R. 
 
 Stour-Minster, or Sturminster 
 
 Marshall, V. 
 
 KENT, Newington, V 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE, Thirlby, V. 
 LONDON, St. Alban's, in Wood-Street, R., 
 
 alternate Presentation with the 
 Chapter of St. Paul's. 
 MONMOUTHSHIRE, Christ-Church, V. 
 Goldcliffe, V. 
 Nash, V.
 
 86 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEQE. 
 
 MONMOUTHSHIRE, Whitston, V., alternate Presentation 
 with the Archdeacon and Chap- 
 ter of Llandaff. 
 NORFOLK, Sporle with Little Palgrave, V. 
 
 Titchwell, R. 
 
 Southmere, R. 
 
 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE, Everden, R. 
 OXFORDSHIRE, Bloxham, V, 
 
 Mapledurham, V. 
 
 Asthall, V. 
 
 Minster Lovel, V. 
 
 Cottisford, R. 
 SOMERSETSHIRE, Stoke-Gursey with Lilstocke, V. 
 
 Holford, R. 
 
 Wotton Courtenay, R. 
 SOUTHAMPTON, Ellingham, V. 
 
 SUFFOLK, Blakenham Magna, R, 
 
 Greeting St. Mary, R 
 
 Chattisham, V. 
 
 SURREY, Worplesdon, R.* 
 
 WARWICKSHIRE, Long Compton, V. 
 WILTSHIRE, Hullavington, V. 
 
 The Perpetual Curacies in the gift of The Provost are, 
 St. Helen's, in the Isle of Wight. 
 Cogges, in Oxfordshire. 
 
 The Provost and Fellows present to the following Bene- 
 fices in the Diocese of Chichester, but the Bishop nominates 
 his Clerk : 
 
 * There is a curious account of the exchange of Livings 
 between THE COLLEGE and The Duke of SOMERSET, by which 
 the former got Clewer, Farnham Royal, and Worplesdon, in 
 exchange for Petworth in Sussex, in BRAY'S Hist, of Surrey, 
 vol. 3. p. 99.
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 8T 
 
 Leominster, V. 
 Climping, V. 
 Poling, V. 
 
 The Provost and Fellows in like manner present to the 
 Vicarage of Docking in Norfolk, but the Bishop of Norwich 
 nominates. 
 
 THE MONTEM is a Triennial Ceremony peculiar to Eton. 
 
 In 1J55), the day was changed, on the suggestion of Dr. 
 BARNARD, from the first Tuesday in Hilary Term, which 
 commences on the 23d of January, to the Tuesday in Whit- 
 sun Week, a much more favourable season of the year for 
 such a Show ; besides, the Whitsuntide Holidays had, a few 
 years before, been transferred for Five weeks at the period of 
 the Election ; and the Ceremonial was extended from every 
 second to every third year. 
 
 The first Triennial Montem was in 1 77^> in the Master- 
 ship of Dr. DAVIES. 
 
 It consists of a Procession of the boys in a kind of Mili- 
 tary order, to a small Tumulus on the Southern side of the 
 Bath road, which gives the name of " Salt Hill " to a place 
 so well known for the spacious Inns that distinguish it. 
 Here the Collegiate Regiment dines ; and, after a Latin 
 Prayer has been read upon The Mount, returns in the same 
 order in which it issued forth. 
 
 The Head boy of THE KING'S SCHOLARS, called " The 
 Marshal," takes the lead, as the Captain of the Cohort, 
 bearing a truncheon with the same inscription which is 
 adopted as the Motto on the Colours. The Colours, deco- 
 rated with the Arms of the College, and the Motto (which 
 is not always, though it is generally), " Pro MORE et 
 MONTE,"" are borne by another : And the different Ranks, 
 in as regular subordination as can be expected, are filled 
 by the respective Classes according to the order of the 
 School. 
 
 Until the good sense of Dr. BARNARD interposed to cor- 
 rect the customary absurdities of this ceremony, the Theatres
 
 83 BUCKS. [ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 and Monmouih Street, contributed to clothe, in every variety 
 of tawdry dresses, this youthful Corps. Mr. BRYANT occa- 
 sionally mentioned, that one of the dresses usually hired for 
 the purpose, was that of Roderigo, and that the unfortunate 
 Wearer for the time being, obtained the appellation of 
 " The silly Gentleman? But the judicious interference of 
 Dr. BARNARD in the first instance, followed up by a better 
 taste in approaching more nearly to a regular Military dress, 
 has considerably improved the appearance of the Procession. 
 
 Whatever might have been the original motive to this 
 Festival, the present object is principally to collect money 
 from all the spectators of the Show, as it is called, for Salt. 
 
 The two chief Collectors or Salt-Bearers are, a KING'S 
 SCHOLAR and an OPPIDAN, whose activity will enable them 
 to go through the fatigues of the day. The former is gener- 
 ally the Second boy in the School, and the latter the Cap- 
 tain of the Oppidans, unless they choose to wave their 
 privilege respectively to the next in succession. They are 
 arrayed in light and elegant dresses, each bearing a silk 
 bag, with, as is said, a small quantity of Salt in it, to receive 
 the Contributions : They are followed each by an active 
 man, dressed in a plain white dress adorned with the same 
 colours, who gives Tickets to those who have paid their 
 Salt. They are assisted by Twelve other boys, all KING'S 
 SCHOLARS, and generally the first Twelve of the Fifth 
 Form, in somewhat similar, though less expensive dresses, 
 who range the country as far as Maidenhead Bridge and 
 Colnebrooke, custom forbidding the demand of Contribu- 
 butions out of the County of Buckingham. 
 
 This Ceremony is always very numerously attended by 
 ETONIANS ; the neighbouring Gentry come from a distance 
 to witness it, and the Relations of the Scholars may be 
 supposed to feel an interest in such a Spectacle. It has, for 
 above Forty years, been regularly honoured by the Presence 
 of their MAJESTIES, or the PRINCE REGENT, accompanied 
 by the different branches of THE ROYAL FAMILY.
 
 ETON COLLEGE.] BUCKS. 89 
 
 The sum collected upon the occasion, has been known to 
 exceed 1000. ; but the expenses of a magnificent Breakfast, 
 the Dinner to half the School, Music, Fees, &c., amount to 
 nearly half the Collection, the remainder of which becomes 
 the property of THE KING'S SCHOLAR, who is CAPTAIN of 
 THE SCHOOL. 
 
 THE HUNTING of THE RAM was also a very ancient 
 Custom, which has very properly been abolished. The 
 College had an ancient claim upon it's Butcher, to provide a 
 Ram on the Election Saturday, to be hunted by the 
 Scholars ; but the animal having, upon one occasion, been 
 so pressed as to swam across the Thames, it ran into Windsor 
 Market, with the boys after it, and much mischief was 
 caused by this unexpected accident. The health of the 
 Scholars had also suffered at times from the length of the 
 chase, and the heat of the season. The character of the 
 sport was, therefore, changed about the year 1/40, when 
 the Ram was ham-strung, and, after the speech, was knocked 
 on the head with large twisted Clubs, which are reported to 
 have been considered as ETONIAN Curiosities. But the 
 barbarity of the amusement caused it to be altogether laid 
 aside at the Election in 1 747, and the flesh of the Ram given 
 to be prepared in Pasties. The Dish still continues nomi- 
 nally to grace the Election Monday Dinner, though the 
 Meat no longer boasts it's original Toughriess, being in Fact 
 the Flesh of excellent Wethers. 
 
 Among those who have so numerously adorned the higher 
 Ranks of Life, who have attained Eminence for superior 
 Learning, or have distinguished themselves as Divines, as 
 Statesmen, and Benefactors of Mankind, and the Founda- 
 tion of whose Celebrity and Morals were laid in this renowned 
 School, how shall the Selectisn be made? And what 
 number of volumes would contain them ! ! !
 
 90 
 
 BUCKS. 
 
 [ETON. 
 
 THE CHURCH, COLLEGE, and PARISH of ETON. 
 
 THE CHURCH, COLLEGE, and PARISH of ETON are exempt 
 from all Visitation of the Archdeacon of Buckingham. The 
 Archidiaconal power being vested solely in THE PROVOST, 
 who is also Perpetual Rector ; but derives no advantage 
 from the Rectory, which is not also common to the Fellows. 
 
 This exemption was made by WILLIAM ALNWICK, Bi- 
 shop of Lincoln, on the 7th of September, 1443, on consi- 
 deration that THE COLLEGE should pay annually l..2..1 1. 
 to the Archdeacon of Buckingham. 
 
 And by Indenture, dated the 10th of September, in the 
 same year, between Provost WAYNFLETE, and Dr. BEKYN- 
 TON (the then Archdeacon), it was agreed to stand to the 
 Bishop^s award of the said <l..2..1L: and that this sum 
 should be paid out of the Manor of Bledlow. 
 
 Although the Archbishop of Canterbury hath the right 
 of Visitation of The College, so often as he shall visit his 
 Diocese of Lincoln " Jure Metropolitico ;" and The Bishop of 
 Lincoln also in his Triennial Visitation of his own Diocese,
 
 ETON.] BUCKS. 91 
 
 even though he be not called in by The College, or any 
 proper part thereof; yet neither of them has the power to 
 cite any Member before them out of the College. 
 
 THE PARISH of Eton is exempt from the Visitation of 
 The Archdeacon of Buckingham, on the payment of 5*. per 
 annum. 
 
 The Parish Church of Eton, which is called in ancient 
 records EtonGildables, having been suffered to fall into decay, 
 the Inhabitants were permitted to attend Divine Service 
 in The College Chapel. But, to remedy the inconvenience 
 which they experienced, a Chapel of Ease was erected for 
 them in the Town, but not endowed, at the sole expense of 
 The Revd. Mr. HETHERINGTON, so eminent for his public 
 and private benevolence, then a Fellow of I he College. 
 At this Chapel one of the Two Conducts of the College offi- 
 ciates. 
 
 The Chapel was consecrated in 1769 or 1770: the Petition 
 to the Visitor to consecrate it, was presented in September, 
 1769. 
 
 This Chapel was enlarged at the expense of THE COL- 
 LEGE, in August 1813, for the accommodation of PORNEY^S* 
 Charity School, consisting of 60 Boys and 30 Girls, and the 
 Children of both Sexes attending the Sunday School. 
 
 VISITATIONS. 
 
 Bishop SMITH visited in 1498. 
 Bishop LONGLAND, in 1527 and 1530. 
 Archbishop CRANMER, in 1534. 
 Archbishop PARKER, 9th Septr., 1561. 
 Archbishop LAUD, in 1 630. 
 
 An absurd idea has prevailed, relative to the distribution 
 of Three pence annually to each Boy upon the Foundation, 
 
 * Mr. FORNEY was a Frenchman by birth,, and had been 
 French Master at Eton. He was afterwards a Poor Knight at 
 Windsor, in the possession of which situation he died.
 
 92 BUCKS. [ETON. 
 
 and to the^ Choristers, on the 27th day of February, well 
 known by the name of " Threepenny day ? which is al- 
 ways an Half-Holiday, and brings with it a Remission of one 
 of the weekly Exercises. 
 
 THE COLLEGE is said to defraud the Boys, and to pay 
 them Three pence in lieu of the price of half a Slieep. It 
 is in fact partly a bequest of Provost LUPTON who left to 
 the Seventy Scholars and Ten Choristers the sum of One 
 penny > and partly from a bequest of Two pence by Mr. 
 READE, Fellow, who died in 1597. 
 
 The following Items are copied from the Bursar's Ac- 
 counts, in 15971593 : 
 
 70 Discipulis et 10 Choristis juxta ordinationem Magistri 
 LUPTON, viz., cuilibet Id., - w / - - 6s..8d. 
 
 Item iisdem 70 Discipulis et 10 Choristis juxta ordinati- 
 onem Mfi READE, cuilibet 2 J., - - - ISs.Ad. 
 
 The same Mr. READE bequethed 5*., to be paid to THE 
 KING'S COLLEGE Electors by the Bursar every Election, 
 viz., to the Provost 2s., and to the two Posers ls..6d. each. 
 
 1609. Gave by consent to one CHBYSANTHUS, Bishop of 
 Lacedaemonia, Feby. 20th, 3..6..8. 
 
 1G10. August 20th., Paid to ROBERT KEANE, of Eton, 
 for them that watched for the Toune of Eton, whilest the 
 Sickness was in Windsor, 5*. 
 
 Paid by Mr. Provost's Appointment. 
 1683. Battlements upon Long Chamber cost about 
 166. 
 
 Upon the Cover of one of the College Registers a Memo- 
 randum was written that on March the 4th, in the Thir- 
 teenth of King EDWARD the Fourth, 1474, the College Seal 
 was broken, and a new one accepted in the presence of The 
 Provost and all the Fellows. 
 
 THE HOSPITAL of ST. JAMES, in Westminster, now THE 
 ROYAL PALACE, formerly belonged to THE COLLEGE of 
 ETON. It was taken from them by King HENRY the
 
 ETON.] BUCKS. 93 
 
 Eighth, in 1532, who, in exchange gave them Baldwin's 
 Manor, and the Rectory of Newington, in the County of 
 Kent ; Chattisham, in the County of Suffolk ; The Flache 
 Marsh, &c. 
 
 The Authorities, which have been used in the description 
 of this COLLEGE, are, LYSONS'S Magna Britannia, ACK- 
 EKMAXN'S Public Schools, HUGGETT'S History of Eton 
 College, Mus. Brit. MSS, No. 4839 4844, and HAR- 
 WOOD'S Alumni Etonenses.
 
 94 BUCKS. [HIGH WYCOMBJK. 
 
 HIGH WYCOMBE. 
 
 THE ROYAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL at HIGH WYCOMBE is of 
 ancient origin. 
 
 By a Memorandum made in The Corporation Register 
 (folio 21), it appears, that an Order was made on the 25th 
 of March, in the 5th year of the reign of King EDWARD 
 the Sixth, 1552, " To keep THE HOSPITAL of ST. JOHN in 
 the hands of the Town, Mr. RICHARD GARY being then 
 Mayor ; to let and set the same as they should see cause, 
 and to pay the Stipend of Eight Pounds to the Schoolmas- 
 ter, also Five loads of Wood yearly, and leave to send a 
 Cow or two into The Rye" 
 
 By a Charter, bearing date at Westminster the 21st of 
 July, in the Fourth year of the reign of Queen ELIZABETH 
 Her Majesty granted the scite and buildings of THE HOS- 
 PITAL of ST. JOHN the Baptist, and Lands situate in Wy- 
 combe, Penn, Hugendon, and Great Marlow, all in the 
 County of Buckingham, for the support of Four Poor Per- 
 sons, and the remainder for the maintenance of one Peda- 
 gogue or Master, for the good Instruction of Children and 
 Youth. 
 
 The Master now enjoys under the original Endowment 
 30. per annum, with a House, Garden, and an Orchard of 
 two acres. The School-room, which is large and of ancient ar- 
 chitecture, formed part of the old HOSPITAL of ST. JOHN. 
 
 In the year 1 704, ELIZABETH LOVEJOY, late of the City 
 of Canterbury, bequeathed 1 00. to this School. 
 
 MARY BOWDEN, the last Survivor of an ancient and re- 
 spectable Family long resident at High Wycombe, who 
 died on the 27th of September, 1790, bequeathed 1000. 
 Sterling, in Trust, to be invested in the Public Funds, or 
 laid out in land, and out of the annual produce thereof, she 
 directed the Trustees named in her Will, to pay 30. per
 
 HIGH WYCOMBE.] BUCKS. 95 
 
 annum to the Master of The Royal Grammar School for 
 the time being, in addition to his Salary. 
 
 The present TRUSTEES are, 
 The Revd. JAMES PRICE, M. A., Vicar of Wycombe, 
 
 and Rector of Great Munden, in Herts. 
 Captain JOHN CARTER, of Wycombe Priory. 
 WILLIAM ROSE, Esq. 
 
 The School is open for instruction in Latin, free of ex- 
 pense, for boys of the Town only. Before admission, they 
 must be capable of reading the New Testament, and are 
 generally continued in the School three or four years. 
 
 The Aldermen and Bailiffs have each a nomination of 
 Two boys, for instruction in reading, writing, and arith- 
 metic ; who send a written order to the Master, expressing 
 the boy's name and age, and the names of his Parents. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used ; unless 
 a boy is intended for Westminster, or any other Public 
 School, where other Grammars are preferred. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. WILLIAM SPROSTON, who 
 receives Boarders, at Forty guineas per annum each. 
 The following is a List of THE MASTERS : 
 In 1629. GERARD DOBSON, Clerk, Vicar of Wycombe. 
 1646. HENRY WYAT, M. A., Rector of Bradenham. 
 1661. PHILIP HUMPHREY. 
 
 1671- WILLIAM LARDNER, M. A., Rector of Bra- 
 denham, ejected in 1660, afterwards con- 
 formed, and took the Presentation in 16G2, 
 1686. JOSEPH How. 
 1701. JOSEPH LOVEDAY, B. A., Rector of Taplow 
 
 and Hedsor. 
 
 1707. SAMUEL GUISE, Clerk, Vicar of Wycombe. 
 1754. THOMAS HEATHER. 
 
 1762. WILLIAM EDWARDS, Clerk, Rector of Tenby. 
 1771. ALB AN THOMAS, Clerk, Vicar of Hurley, Berks. 
 1789, DANIEL JAMES, Clerk. 
 1792. WILLIAM SPROSTON.
 
 96 BUCKS. [MAR LOW. 
 
 MARLOW. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL in MARLOW was founded in the year 
 1624, by Sir WILLIAM BORLASE, Knight, who at the same 
 time built the School-house : And, by his Will, dated in 
 October 1628, endowed [it with Land and a variety of Te- 
 nements in the Parishes of Great Marlow, in the County of 
 Buckingham, and of Bix and Bix Gibwin, in the County of 
 Oxford, then of the annual value of Twelve Pounds. But 
 at Easter, in 1815, from the improved rent of the premises, 
 the Feoffees were enabled to increase the Master's Stipend to 
 50. per annum. 
 
 Whenever a vacancy occurs in the number of Feoffees, 
 or for a Master, or Scholars, by death or otherwise, the Ma- 
 jority of the Feoffees nominate double the number required, 
 out of which nomination The Governor (who is always Lord 
 of the Manor of Davers, in the Parish of Little Marlow) 
 appoints the number required. 
 
 The Inhabitants of Great Marlow send Sixteen boys, 
 those of Little Marlow, Six, and those of Medmenham, 
 Two. The Master has had above One Hundred other 
 boys ; but, for some years past, their number has not ex- 
 ceeded Thirty. They are admitted at the age of Ten years, 
 and continue until about Fourteen. Candidates apply to 
 the Treasurer for a Ticket, which they get signed by him 
 and a majority of the other Feoffees, previous to their an- 
 nual Meeting, which is always the Saturday in Easter week : 
 Those, who are there nominated, are taken by the Master to 
 the Governor, for his appointment of half their number, as 
 before stated. The foundation boys have a blue Gown and 
 Cap when first appointed, but only these. 
 
 As the Pupils are only directed to be taught to read, 
 write, and cast accompts, Primers, Psalters, and New Tes- 
 taments, with two Reams of Paper annually? only are 
 allowed.
 
 MARLOW.] BUCKS. 97 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. WILLIAM FRANCIS, whose 
 Salary is 50. per annum, together with the School-house, 
 garden, yard, &c., and the privilege of taking an unlimited 
 number of Pupils, provided he does not neglect those upon 
 the Foundation. His terms are Twenty-five Guineas per 
 annum, and one Guinea entrance. 
 
 An apprentice fee of 40*. is given to each boy, when he 
 leaves the School. 
 
 The present Governor is, Sir GEORGE NUGENT, Bart. 
 And the present Treasurer is, THOMAS WETHERED, Esq. 
 
 VOL. I. H
 
 98 CAMBRIDGE. [CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in CAMBRIDGE was founded 
 by STEPHEN PERSE, M. D., Senior Fellow of Gonville and 
 Caius College ; who, by a clause in his Will, dated the 27th 
 of September, ]6l5, bequeathed the sum of 5000., for the 
 purchase of an Estate of the annual value of 250., to be 
 applied, amongst other purposes, to that of erecting and 
 establishing within three years (if possible) after his decease, 
 a convenient House in Cambridge, capable of containing 
 ONE HUNDRED Scholars, to be used for a FREE GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL, with apartments for a Master and Usher. 
 
 Soon afterwards his Executors purchased of Sir THOMAS 
 BENDISH the Manor of Fratinghall, in the Parish of Bas- 
 singbourn, in the County of Cambridge, with the lands and 
 woods belonging to the same. 
 
 The Master is required to be a Master of Arts, with a 
 Salary of 40. per annum. 
 
 The Usher is to be a Bachelor of Arts at the least, and 
 to have a Salary of 20. per annum. 
 
 The Salary of the Master has been augmented by a Be- 
 nefaction of 3. per annum, and that of the Usher by 
 1..10..0, by the benevolence of Mr. GRIFFITH. 
 
 On a vacancy of the place of Master, or Usher, such Can- 
 didates, as have themselves received their education at this 
 School, to be preferred, if properly qualified. 
 
 The Scholars are to be natives of Cambridge, Barnwell, 
 Chesterton, or Trumpington, and educated gratis ; and no 
 more than the number of ONE HUNDRED are to be there 
 instructed. 
 
 Scholars who have been educated Three years, at least, 
 at this School, are to be admitted (cceteris paribus) before
 
 CAMBRIDGE.] CAMBRIDGE. 99 
 
 all others, to the Six FELLOWSHIPS of the annual value 
 of 10. each, and the Six SCHOLARSHIPS of the annual 
 value of 4. each, founded by Dr. PERSE, and now dis- 
 tinguished by his name at Gonville and Cams College. 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 100 CAMBRIDGE. [ELY- 
 
 ELY. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at ELY was founded by King HENRY 
 the Eighth, in 1541. 
 
 The Master is appointed by The Dean and Chapter. His 
 Salary is only 18. per annum ; but there is a good House 
 belonging to the School, besides other advantages. 
 
 Among the eminent Men who have been educated at this 
 School, may be mentioned, 
 JOHN BURTON, D. D. 
 JAMES BENTHAM, M. A., Author of the celebrated 
 
 History of the Cathedral Church of Ely. 
 THOMAS KNOWLES, M. A. 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 WISBECH.] CAMBRIDGE. 101 
 
 WISBECH. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WISBECH was originally sup- 
 ported, and probably established by the Fraternity or Guild 
 of THE HOLY TRINITY, which was instituted here in the 
 second year of the reign of King RICHARD the Second, 
 is;:>. 
 
 In the first year of the reign of EDWARD the Sixth, 1 547, 
 the Estates of the said Guild were vested by Act of Parlia- 
 ment in the Crown, and granted again to the Capital Bur- 
 gesses of Wisbech in the following year, it being provided 
 by the Charter conveying such Grant, that the School 
 should continue to be supported by the Capital Burgesses, 
 by the payment on their part of the original stipend of 12. 
 to the Master. 
 
 Mr. JOHN CRANE left by his Will, half the rent of cer- 
 tain premises in Wisbech, vested for that purpose in the 
 Capital Burgesses ; which moiety produced at the time 20. 
 per annum, and is still paid by them, although the premises 
 were sold under the Act for the Redemption of the Land 
 Tax. 
 
 THOMAS PARKE, Esq., of Wisbech, High Sheriff, in 1628, 
 left by his Will, dated the 28th of January in that year, 28 
 acres of land in Elme, in the County of Cambridge, and 4 
 acres in Wisbech, now worth together about 60. per an- 
 num, for the use of the Master only. 
 
 The Master is chosen by the Capital Burgesses, viz., by 
 The TEN MEN who are annually elected under the provi- 
 sions of the Charter by the Inhabitants, being Freeholders 
 to the amount of 40*., subject to the approval of Ten of 
 the Burgesses. 
 
 The Bishop of Ely is Visitor of the School. And when 
 His Lordship visits this part of his Diocese, the Senior boy 
 of the School delivers a Latin Oration in his presence.
 
 102 CAMBRIDGE. [WISBECH. 
 
 The School is open to the boys resident in the Town in- 
 definitely, free of expense, for Classical instruction. The 
 number varies from Ten to Twenty. There is no restriction 
 as to the age of admission, or the time of superannuation. 
 If the Free boys learn writing, arithmetic, and English 
 Gfammar, which is generally the case, they pay l..ls..Qd. 
 per Quarter each. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are in use ; and the ETON mode 
 of Instruction is generally pursued. 
 
 In 1628, Mr. PARKE also founded FOUR BYE-FELLOW- 
 SHIPS, of 1 6. per annum each, at PETER HOUSE, Cam- 
 bridge, and FOUR SCHOLARSHIPS, of 10. per annum each. 
 For this purpose lands and tenements in Wisbech, Leve- 
 rington, Guyherne, and Elme, were conveyed to The 
 College. The Heirs of Mr. PARKE were to nominate the 
 Fellows alternately with The College. But it does not 
 appear, that there is any preference to Inhabitants of Wis- 
 bech reserved, as to the appointments to either of those 
 Foundations. 
 
 In 1638, Mr. WILLIAM HOLMES, of the City of Exeter, 
 gave 400. to be laid out in the purchase of lands, partly 
 for the Poor, and partly for Two Scholars at St. Mary 
 Magdalen College, in Cambridge. Afterwards by his Will, 
 dated the 2d of April 1656, he directed that the land pur- 
 chased with this money, should be appropriated to the 
 Scholars only : Lands in Holbeach were bought, which are 
 now let for 60. per annum. In addition to this real pro- 
 perty, The Scholarship Fund in the 3 per cent. Consols 
 amounts to l3S].-7s..Qd., which is placed to the account 
 of The Accountant General of The Court of Chancery, 
 besides about 350. (part of which is in the hands of The 
 Accountant General, and part in those of The Capital Bur- 
 gesses of Wisbech) applicable to the purchase of further 
 Stock. These two Sums are the produce of savings which 
 have been made, when the Scholarships were not full :
 
 WISBECH.] CAMBRIDGE. 103 
 
 Indeed neither of them are full at this moment, so that the 
 Fund increases rapidly. The Scholarships are at this time 
 worth for Rent0., Interest on 1381..7..0., 41..8s..Sd., 
 Interest on 350., l7..\Os..Qd., in the whole 118.. 
 ]8*..Hd., or 5!>.,!>*..ld. each per annum. The result of a 
 Chancery Suit, about Twenty years since, placed those funds 
 in the hands of the Accountant General of that Court. 
 These Scholarships are tenable only by boys born in the 
 Town of Wisbech, and educated for at least Three years in 
 this School. The appointment to them rests with the 
 Capital Burgesses and the Master jointly. ' 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JEREMIAH 
 JACKSON, M. A., whose Salary is about 92. per annum, 
 together with an old and inconvenient House, capable of con_ 
 taining about Thirty Boarders, the taxes and repairs of 
 which are paid by The Capital Burgesses. He is also paid 
 Eight guineas, for accommodating The Chief Justice of the 
 Isle during the Assizes with lodgings, but that payment is 
 not made to the Master as such, nor has it any connection 
 with the proper emoluments of his office. This Gentleman 
 takes Boarders, his terms being Thirty-five guineas pe, 
 annum each. His present number is 24. 
 
 There is no Second Master upon the Foundation. 
 Among the distinguished characters who have been edu- 
 cated at this School, may be enumerated, 
 THOMAS HERRING, D.D , Archbishop of Canterbury, whose 
 Father was Rector of Walsoken, in this imme- 
 diate neighbourhood. 
 CHARLES DALRYMPLE LINDSAY, D. D., the present Bishop 
 
 of Kildare. 
 
 General Sir CHARLES WALE, K. C. B., of Shelford. 
 Colonel ALEXANDER MALCOLM, now deceased, an Officer of 
 
 Distinction. 
 
 The Revd. THOMAS CLARKSON, of Bury, the well-known 
 strenuous assertor of the Abolition of Slavery.
 
 104 CHESTER. [AUDLEM. 
 
 AUDLEM, near NANTWICH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at AUDLEM was founded, in 
 1655, by Sir WILLIAM BOLTON, and Mr. GAMUL, Citizens 
 of London ; and endowed with 30. per annum for a Mas- 
 ter, and 1". for an Usher, 20. of wjjich are paid by 
 The Merchant Taylors' Company, and 20. are charged 
 on an Estate in Coole Lane. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 CHESTER.] CHESTER. lor 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR or KING'S SCHOOL of The City of CHESTER 
 was founded by King HENRF the Eighth, at the Dissolu- 
 tion of The Abbey of ST. WERBURGH, in the year 1544, 
 for Twenty-Four boys, to be appointed by the Dean and 
 Chapter. 
 
 They are not to be admitted under nine years of age, and 
 continue only four years ; unless a year of Grace be allowed 
 by The Dean. 
 
 Part of the Refectory (about two-thirds of the original 
 room) is used as the School-room. Prior to it's being 
 reduced in size, the dimensions of this Apartment must have 
 been upon a noble scale At the East end of the South 
 wall, are the remains of a stone stair-case with trefoil headed 
 arches open to the Hall. This might have served the purpose 
 of the Reader's Pulpit, as well as an ascent to the Dormitory 
 over the adjoining Cloister. 
 
 By the Statutes, the Master's Salary was 22. per annum, 
 and the Usher's 1 0., charged upon the Revenues of The 
 Dean and Chapter. But, by a regulation in 1814, the 
 Head Master's Salary was increased, upon the condition that 
 he should take the sole charge and instruction of The Foun- 
 dation Scholars, and confine the number of his Private 
 Pupils to Six. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JAMES IRE- 
 LAND, M. A., Rector of Thurstanton, and Minor Canon of 
 The Cathedral. 
 
 JAMES HErwooD MARKLAND, Esq., F.R. S. and F. S. A., 
 of The Inner Temple, and whom the Author has the 
 happiness to esteem his friend, was educated at this School.
 
 1 06 CHESTER. 
 
 CONGLETON. 
 
 THERE are no Records remaining either of the person or the 
 time, when THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at CONGLETOX was 
 founded. But it is known to have existed, as early as the 
 reign of Queen ELIZABETH. 
 
 When the present Master was appointed to the School in 
 the year 1 8 1 o, the Emoluments of the Situation consisted of 
 a House and Garden, probably worth 25. per annum; a 
 small Field, of one acre, adjoining the Town, which let for 
 7->* and 17. per annum paid by The Corporation, who 
 are the Patrons. The House, Garden, Field, and Sixteen 
 Pounds per annum are supposed to have belonged to the 
 original Endowment. One Pound of the Seventeen which is 
 paid by The Corporation, is the Interest of a small bequest 
 of 20. made to the School by a person of the name of 
 HULME, in the year 1736. 
 
 In the year II4, upon condition of the Master's relin- 
 quishing for life all claim to the 17. per annum in money, 
 The Corporation at their sole expense built for him a large, 
 commodious, and handsome new School contiguous to the 
 Dwelling-house, and also contributed about . 00. towards 
 converting the former School into Kitchens, and otherwise 
 improving the premises. 
 
 There are no particular STATUTES. 
 
 Boys are admitted as soon as they can read the New 
 Testament in English, and remain as long as their Parents 
 please. The School is open to all the Neighbourhood on 
 paying the usual Quarterage, which is upon an average about 
 Fifteen Shillings. The Sons of Freemen of the Borough 
 have the privilege of learning the Latin and Greek languages, 
 without any additional charge. This is considered as a return
 
 CONGUSTON.] CHESTER. 107 
 
 for the money arising from the Endowment. The number 
 of Day-scholars, when the present Master entered upon the 
 School, was about Thirty; it is now about SEVENTY. 
 
 WARD'S Latin and Greek Grammars are used : and, in 
 addition to the Classical Languages, the course of Educa- 
 tion comprises Writing, Arithmetic, Merchants' Accompts, 
 the elementary branches of the Mathematics, French, and 
 Geography. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advantages, 
 belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. EDWARD WIL- 
 SON, who receives into his own House TWELVE young 
 Gentlemen as Boarders : his Terms being Forty guineas per 
 annum each. 
 
 The Usher does not at present take Pupils. 
 In the year 1816, Sir EDMUND ANTROBUS, Bart., who 
 was educated at this School, gratefully and liberally pur- 
 chased, inclosed at his own expense, and presented to the 
 Foundation, a small piece of ground, for a Play-ground: 
 which has been found in many respects a very valuable 
 improvement to the property.
 
 J08 CHESTER. [DARESBURY. 
 
 DARESBURY near FRODSHAM. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in the Township of DABESBCRY 
 was founded by subscription, in the reign of Queen ELIZA- 
 BETH, and is endowed with the Interest of 185. 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 FRODSHAM.] CHESTER. 109 
 
 FRODSHAM. 
 
 THE FREE-SCHOOL at FRODSHAM was established about the 
 year 1660, when the School, which is a neat fabric of stone, 
 within the Church-yard, was built by subscription ; and a 
 sum of money raised, which was laid out in the purchase of 
 lands. 
 
 The Master is elected by TWENTY-FOUR FEOFFEES, 
 consisting of the Vicar and Churchwardens for the time be- 
 ing, four Feoffees out of the Township and Lordship, three 
 out of Kingsley, and two each from Norley, Newton, Alvan- 
 ley, Manley, and Hellesby. 
 
 The Master has a good House in Overton, near the Vi- 
 carage : and a Salary of upwards of One Hundred Pounds 
 per annum, issuing from lands in Frodsham, and an old 
 Rent charged on an estate in Christleton. Among the Be- 
 nefactions is one of 5. per annum, left by Mr. TRAFFORD, 
 which is subject to the condition of the Master's being ap- 
 proved by THE COMPANY of APOTHECARIES at Chester. 
 
 A Salary of Seven pounds per annum is secured to the 
 Usher, on an estate in Overton. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 110 CHESTER. [HARGRAVE. 
 
 HARGRAVE, near CHESTER. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at HARGRAVE was founded in the year 
 1627, by Sir THOMAS MOULSON, Bart., Alderman and 
 some time Lord Mayor of London : and endowed with 20. 
 per annum, arising from Lands in the Parishes of Tarvin 
 and Great Budworth, " for the government, education, and 
 instruction of Youth in Grammar, and Virtue ;"" which, in 
 1814, were increased to 30. a year. 
 
 This benevolent Gentleman, at the same time, founded a 
 Chapel in the Township of Hargrave, and endowed it with 
 40. per annum, for a Minister. 
 
 He likewise directed, that the overplus of Rents arising 
 from certain Lands, then by him given, should be applied 
 to the relief of such poor persons, as the majority of the 
 Feoffees of the Charity shall think fit. 
 
 A few years since, a Mr. RAVENSCROFT, of Hargrave, 
 left < l..5.'0pcr annum to purchase coals. 
 
 There are no Statutes, othewise than the Will of The 
 Founder. 
 
 The School is open for the Children of all the neigbour- 
 hood indefinitely, and free of expense for all who learn 
 only to read. The boys who learn writing, and arithmetic, 
 pay a small Quarterage at present of 2s. 6d and 3*. respec- 
 tively. The numbers who generally attend, are from Sixty 
 to Eighty. 
 
 THE TRUSTEES of this Charity are Six in number, viz., 
 The Bishop of CHESTER. 
 The Dean of CHESTER. 
 Earl GROSVENOR. 
 
 The Revd. JOHN OLDERSHAW, Vicar of Tarvin. 
 The Revd. RICHARD MASSIE, Rector of Eccleston. 
 RANDLE WILBRAHAM, Esq., of Rode Hall. 
 
 With the exception of The Bishop and The Dean, they 
 are a self-elected body ; and have the appointment of the 
 Minister, and the Schoolmaster.
 
 KNCTSFORD.] CHESTER. Ill 
 
 KNUTSFORD. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at KNUTSFORD was founded by the 
 ancient Family of LEGH, Lords of the Manor of Booths, 
 some time before the Reformation, but the precise period is 
 not known ; and endowed with Six acres of land, and the 
 annual sum of ,5..6..8. 
 
 The School is open to the boys of the Parish indefinitely, 
 but not free of expense. There are Six boys upon the 
 Foundation, and from 40 to 50 other Scholars usually at 
 the School. They are admitted at six years of age, and are 
 nominated by WILLOUGHBY LEGH, Esq., of Booths. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the system of Edu- 
 cation is similar to that of ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. PETER VANNETT, 
 whose Salary is 150. per annum. This Gentleman takes 
 Boarders ; his present number being Forty, at Thirty-five 
 guineas per annum each.
 
 112 CHESTER. [LYMM. 
 
 LYMM, near WARRINGTON. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at LYMM was founded in 
 the year 1698, by Sir GEORGE WARBURTON,Bart., of Arley, 
 and WILLIAM DOMVILE, Esq., of Lymm, the then joint 
 Lords of the Manor of Lymm, with 24 acres (Cheshire 
 measure, 8 yards to the perch) in the Parish of Lymm, now 
 let for 142. per annum. 
 
 About ONE HUNDRED boys and girls, upon an average, 
 are educated here: but at present reading, writing, and ac- 
 compts only are taught. 
 
 The Endowment is divided in the proportion of two-thirds 
 to the Master, and one-third to the Usher, and the money 
 arising from writing, and accompts, usually about 60. per 
 annum, is equally divided between them. 
 
 The present Head Master is, Mr. JOSEPH MILLICAX, 
 whose Salary is nearly 120. per annum. 
 
 The present Usher is, Mr. WILLIAM HOLT, whose Salary 
 is 80. per annum. 
 
 The original STATUTES, CONSTITUTIONS, and ORDERS of 
 the School were amended on the 1st of Jany., 1813, in the 
 following manner ; 
 
 1st. IMPRIMIS It is ordained, that no person whatsoever 
 shall be capable of being admitted to be Head-master, save only 
 such as have taken the degree of Master or Bachelor of Arts, or 
 if such cannot be found, some person who is sober, discreet, and 
 also well skilled in School-learning wherein he is to instruct his 
 scholars ; and that he may certainly be such, it is ordained, 
 that before the election of a Master, his ability shall be tried by 
 the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of CHESTER, or the Reve- 
 rend Rectors of the Rectory of Lymm for the time being, or 
 some such other learned orthodox person as Sir GEORGE WAR- 
 BURTON, of Arley, in the County of Chester, Baronet, and 
 WILLIAM DOMVILE, of Lymm aforesaid, in the said County, 
 Esq., or their several and respective Heirs, and the greater num- 
 ber of FEOFFEES of the school aforesaid for the time being, shall
 
 LYMM.] CHESTER. 1 13 
 
 desire or appoint ; and being well satisfied of his abilities, the 
 said Master shall be and remain sir months in the said school 
 upon trial, and then upon such further approbation shall be con- 
 firmed Master under the hands of the said Sir GEORGE WAR- 
 BURTON and Mr. DOMVILE, or of their several and respective 
 Heirs, and of the greater number of the Feoffees for the time 
 being. At which tune the said Master shall duly execute a bond 
 from himself to the said Feoffees of the penalty of Four Hundred 
 pounds of lawful English money conditioned for his submission 
 to the Orders of the said school, and for his quiet departure from 
 and leaving the possession of the said school within the space of 
 three months next after such time as the said Sir GEORGE 
 WARBURTON, Mr. DOMVILE, and their several and respective 
 Heirs, and the greater number of the said Feoffees for the time 
 being, shall require the same. 
 
 2nd. It is ordained, that no person shall be admitted Usher, 
 or Under-master of the said school, save only such as is well 
 qualified in School-learning, so that he may be able to instruct 
 the scholars in case of the Head-master's absence, the trial 
 thereof to be by the persons above nominated for the trial of the 
 said Head-master. 
 
 3rd. It is ordained, that if any person or persons so elected as 
 aforesaid, shall afterwards be found insufficient, remiss or ne- 
 gligent, or upon just occasion detected of notorious evil prac- 
 tices or misdemeanours, such as drunkenness, swearing, cursing, 
 or common haunting of taverns or alehouses, or shall take upon 
 him or them any other charge or employment to hinder his or 
 their performance of their duty, that then the said Sir GEORGE 
 WARBUHTON and Mr. DOMVILE, or their several and respective 
 Heirs, and the greater number of the said Feoffees for the tune 
 being, upon full and plain evidence thereof, shall him or them, 
 found so obnoxious and adverse to good rule and government, 
 remove upon three months notice from officiating in the school 
 aforesaid, and elect others in their stead, qualified as is before 
 herein in that behalf ordained. 
 
 4th. It is ordained, that the said Master and Usher, so elected 
 as aforesaid, shall be constantly resident and attendant upon their 
 trust. But if they be often absent at the times hereinafter in that 
 behalf mentioned for their attendance, and do neglect his or 
 their due performance of instructing his or their scholars, so that 
 upon complaint, examination, and inquiry, it be found true by 
 the said Sir GEORGE WARBURTON and Mr. DOMVILE, or their 
 several and respective Heirs, and the greater number of the said 
 Feoffees for the time being ; then the said Sir GEORGE WAB- 
 BURTON, Mr. DOMVILE, or their respective Heirs, and the greater 
 number of the said Feoffees for the time being, shall upon three 
 VOL. i. I
 
 114 CHESTER. 
 
 months notice remove the said Master or Usher ; and if the said 
 Master or Usher, at any time desire to depart from the trust 
 aforesaid : that they shall give three months notice thereof to 
 the greater number of the said Feoffees for the time being, upon 
 pain of twenty pounds of lawful money of England, to be de- 
 ducted out of their respective wages for the only use of their 
 respective successor. 
 
 5th. It is ordained, that no Master of the said school shall 
 keep any alehouse or tavern, or house of gaming, or of other 
 unthriftiness, or evil rule or government. 
 
 6th. It is ordained, that the Schoolmaster and Usher shall not 
 both of them be absent from the said school at the same time, 
 during any part of the tune herein after limited for officiating 
 therein. 
 
 7th. It is ordained, that the Schoolmaster shall have two third 
 parts of the Stipend, Salary, or wages arising from the lands 
 with which the said school is endowed, and that the Usher shall 
 have the remaining third part. 
 
 8th. It is ordained, that this school being a GRAMMAR SCHOOL, 
 free to the children of all householders inhabiting as well within 
 the two manor houses of the said Sir GEORGE WARBURTON, 
 called Arley Hall, in Aston juxta Budworth, and the Park Hall, 
 in Warburton, as also within the parish of Lymm j the Master 
 and Usher shall be obliged to teach the aforesaid children read- 
 ing only, free of expense. That the Master, or Usher, shall not 
 be obliged to teach any scholars, unless they can spell monosyl- 
 lables. That for any further instruction the aforesaid children 
 shall not be obliged to pay more than such sum per quarter as 
 shall be fixed by the said Sir GEORGE WARBURTON, Mr. DOM- 
 VILE, or their respective Heirs, and the greater number of the 
 said Feoffees for the time being, from time to time at their an- 
 nual meeting. That for instruction in reading, writing, or ac- 
 counts, to children of persons not inhabiting as aforesaid, the 
 Master may demand whatever sum per quarter he pleases ; and 
 that the sum arising from the instruction of children both of 
 persons inhabiting as aforesaid, and not inhabiting as aforesaid, 
 be divided equally every year on the second day of February 
 between the Master and Usher. 
 
 9th. It is ordained, that the Usher shall teach the Lower 
 classes ; that at whatever time in a quarter children may enter, 
 they shall pay their proportion of the pay for that quarter that 
 the Master may refuse instruction in writing and accounts, to 
 those children who are in arrears for more than one quarter, or 
 who have not paid at the usual time the accustomed sum of one 
 shilling per annum, for fire money. 
 
 10th. It is ordained, that the afternoon of every Thursday,
 
 LYMM.] CHESTER. 115 
 
 and Saturday, shall be allowed to the scholars for recreation ; 
 and that the Master and Usher shall spend a reasonable time 
 every Saturday in catechising. 
 
 1 1th. It is ordained, that if the Master or Usher be visited with 
 any loathsome or contagious disease, then he shall be removed 
 with some charitable relief at the discretion of the said Feoffees, 
 and another person chosen hi the stead of him that shall be re- 
 moved : the relief to be deducted out of the salary of the Mas- 
 ter appointed in his place. 
 
 12th. It is ordained, that the Master or Usher at the first 
 meeting of the said school every morning, shall cause a solemn 
 prayer for God's blessing to be read by any one of the scholars, 
 and also before their departure every night, and the Master shall 
 take special care that these religious duties be duly, reverently, 
 and constantly performed as aforesaid. 
 
 13th. It is ordained, that the Master and Usher shall take 
 care that their scholars go to Church every Lord's day, and every 
 other day that is set apart for God's worship, and they are to 
 take care that they behave themselves civilly and reverently 
 there all the time of Divine service. 
 
 14th. It is ordained, that the school shall break up on the 
 second Tuesday in June, and the second Tuesday in December, 
 and that at each tune the vacation shall continue twenty-eight 
 days. 
 
 15th. It is ordained, that the hours of school shall be in the 
 forenoon from eight 'till twelve, and in the afternoon from one 
 'till Jive, or from one as long as the day light will serve, not ex- 
 ceeding Jive o'clock. 
 
 16th. It is ordained, that no scholar who hath any noisome or 
 infectious disease, shall come to school during the same, nor 'till 
 perfectly cured. 
 
 17th. It is ordained, that the Master and Usher shall have a 
 care of the good behaviour of the scholars towards all persons, 
 and shall severely punish the sins of drunkenness, swearing, 
 cursing, filthy and obscene talk, and gaming for any thing of 
 value. 
 
 18th. It is ordained, that all the scholars shall submit to the 
 correction of the Master or Usher, and that all those that resist 
 due correction from the Master or Usher shall be expelled the 
 said school, and those parents that molest the said Master or 
 Usher for correcting their children shall lose all benefits of the 
 said school, except they can prove the correction unreasonable 
 to the said Sir G. WARBUBTON and Mr. DOMVILE, or their seve- 
 ral and respective Heirs, and the greater number of the said 
 Feoffees for the time being. 
 
 19th. It is ordained, that no scholar shall be absent from the
 
 116 CHESTER. 
 
 school above six days on pain of being expelled, except upon 
 some extraordinary occasion to be allowed of by the Master. 
 
 ^Oth. It is ordained, that all the scholars are to be placed ac- 
 cording as they profit in learning, without any partiality or 
 respect of persons. 
 
 21st. It is ordained, that the Master take care that no scholar 
 abuse the school, and severely punish such offenders. 
 
 22nd. It is ordained, that these Statutes be set up in the said 
 school, that they may be read to all persons, that offer their 
 children to be admitted. 
 
 23d. It is ordained, that the said Feoffees shall meet every 
 year, and either add hereto or alter what they think convenient. 
 N. B. The sums now fixed by the greater number of the 
 Feoffees for the time being, in pursuance of the power given 
 them by the eighth statute, are four shillings per quarter for 
 writing, and six shillings per quarter for writing and accounts. 
 GEORGE HERON, and PETER LEIGH, Rectors. 
 PETER WARBURTON, EDWARD STELFOX, 
 THOMAS TAYLOR, ISAAC RIDGWAY, 
 
 TRAFFORD TRAFFORD, SAMUEL STRETCH. 
 JAMES WILDE,
 
 MACCLESFIELU.] 
 
 CHESTER, 
 
 1)7 
 
 MACCLESFIELD. 
 
 Sir JOHN PERCYVALE, Knight, some time Lord Mayor of 
 London, and who was born " fast by the Town of Max- 
 field," founded a Free School here, that " gentil mens son- 
 nes and other good mennes children in Maxfield, and the 
 Countre thereabouts, might be taught Grammar," and to 
 " pray for his soule, &c." And, by his Will, bearing date the 
 25th of Jany., 1502, he directed, that Lands of the yearly va- 
 lue of Ten Pounds should be purchased for it's endowment. 
 The Foundation of this School has, however, generally 
 been attributed to King EDWARD the Sixth, who, by his 
 Letters Patent bearing date the 25th of April, 1552, " upon 
 the Petition, as well of the Inhabitants of Macclesfield, as 
 of many other of his Subjects of the whole neighbouring 
 Country," ordained, " that thenceforth there should be 
 one Grammar School hi Macclesfield aforesaid, which should 
 be called THE FEEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of King EDWARD 
 the Sixth,"" for the Education, Institution, and Instruction 
 of Children and Youth in the Grammar,'" and " to be 
 continued for ever under one Master or Tutor, and one Sub- 
 Tutor or Usher. 11
 
 H8 CHESTER. [MACCLESFIELD. 
 
 And that his intention might take the better effect, and 
 that the Lands and Revenues to be granted for the main- 
 tenance of the School, might be the better governed, His 
 Majesty directed, " that thenceforth there should be, within 
 the Vill of Macclesfield and Parish of Prestbury aforesaid, 
 FOURTEEN of the more discreet and honest Inhabitants of 
 the same Vill and Parish, which should be for the time be- 
 ing, and should be called GOVERNORS of the Possessions, 
 Revenues, and Goods, of the said School, called and to be called 
 <4 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of King ED WARD the Sixth in 
 MACCLESFIELD;" constituting them a Body Corporate, by the 
 name of u THE GOVERNORS of the POSSESSIONS, REVENUES, 
 and GOODS, of THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of King Ed- 
 WARD the Sixth in MACCLESFIELD," with perpetual Succes- 
 sion ; and endowing the same with Sixteen acres of land 
 near Chester, and several Crofts, Closes, Meadows, and 
 Houses, in and near that City, being parcel of the posses- 
 sions of THE COLLEGE of SAINT JOHN the Baptist, called 
 " The Prebend's Lands ; together with all the lands and 
 Houses which had belonged to the Chantry, called " The 
 Pettie Canon? then or late in the occupation of RICHARD 
 BRERETON, Esq., with other Messuages and Lands; and 
 also " His said Majesty's one tenement, called " The School 
 House? with all their appurtenances situate, lying, and be- 
 ing in Macclesfield, Broken Cross, Mottram, and Prestbury, 
 or elsewhere, within the said County of Chester, which were 
 thentofbre given, granted, assigned, or appointed, for the 
 maintenance of The Grammar School in Macclesfield afore- 
 said ;"" to be holden of His Majesty and his successors, as of 
 his Manor of East Greenwich, rendering to His Majesty, 
 his heirs and successors, Twenty-five Shillings at his Court 
 of Augmentation of the Revenues of his Crown, at the Feast 
 day of St. Michael the Archangel, every year, to be paid for 
 all rents, services, and demands whatsoever : That the 
 Governors might from thenceforth have a Common Seal,
 
 MACCLESFIKLD.] CHESTER. 119 
 
 might sue and be sued, and should have full power and au- 
 thority to nominate and appoint a Master and Usher of the 
 School, as often as the same should be void : That, with 
 the advice of the Bishop of the Diocese for the time being, 
 they might make fit and wholesome Statutes and Ordinances, 
 in writing, concerning the ordering and directing of the 
 Master and Usher, and Scholars, and the preservation and 
 disposition of the Rents and Revenues, and sustaining of the 
 School ; which Statutes so to be made, his Majesty comman- 
 ded inviolably to be observed from time to time : That the 
 Governors might further receive of any person lands or 
 other hereditaments not exceeding the clear yearly value of 
 j20., above and besides the former grant, the Statute of 
 Mortmain or any other Statute to the contrary notwith- 
 standing: And, " that all the issues, rents, and revenues 
 of the aforesaid lands, tenements, and possessions, by the 
 said Letters Patent granted, and thenafter to be given and 
 assigned to the sustentation of the aforesaid School, from 
 time to time, should be converted to the sustaining the Mas- 
 ter and Usher of the said School for the time being, and not 
 otherwise, or to any other uses or intentions." 
 
 In the year 1750, the Governors sold the ancient School- 
 house and some lands ; purchased a capital messuage for the 
 School, which was repaired and altered for that purpose; 
 and made some other purchases, and exchanges. 
 
 As a sanction to these proceedings, and for the purpose 
 of procuring further powers, wliich the expected increase of 
 the Revenues rendered desirable, it was deemed requisite to 
 apply for an Act of Parliament, which was obtained in the 
 14 Geo. III., 1774. 
 
 This Act, besides confirming the above purchases and 
 exchanges, and a Rent-charge on the Chester Canal, which 
 had been given in lieu of some land taken by the Proprietors, 
 empowered The Governors to sell certain houses, and to lay 
 out the money arising from the sale, in lands ; to grant
 
 120 CHESTER. [MACCLESFIELD. 
 
 building or repairing leases ; " to appoint such or so many 
 person or persons as shall be proper and necessary to be 
 Master or Masters, with suitable Salaries, to be paid out of 
 the Revenues of the said School, to teach and instruct the 
 Children and Youth educated at the said School, not only 
 in Grammar and Classical Learning, but also in writing, 
 arithmetick, geography, navigation, mathematicks, the mo- 
 dern languages, and other branches of Literature and Edu- 
 cation," as shall from time to time, in the judgment of the 
 Governors, be proper and necessary, " to render the said 
 Foundation of the most general use and benefit, and as the state 
 of the Revenues of the said School will admit ;" there being 
 always a Head Master, whose Salary must not be less than 
 100. ; and an Usher, whose salary must not be less than 
 40. ; the salaries to be increased at discretion ; to dismiss 
 Masters for Immorality, Incapacity, wilful neglect of their 
 Duty, or any other just and reasonable cause, with the ap- 
 probation of the Bishop ; and, in case of Incapacity, by the 
 Visitation of God, in the Head Master, to allow him a 
 Pension. 
 
 At the time of passing this Act, the Revenues of the 
 School, which were then .170. per annum, were expected, 
 on the expiration of certain Leases, to be raised to 600. 
 per annum, and upwards. They now amount to upwards 
 of 800. a year; and, in a few years, on the dropping in 
 of old leases, may amount to nearly 1000. per annum. 
 
 The School is open to Boys of the Parish of Prestbury 
 indefinitely, free of expense, except as to French, and wri- 
 ting and accompts. They are admitted as soon as they can 
 read English correctly, and may remain as long as their Pa- 
 rents please. There is no particular form of admission ; 
 application to the Head Master being the usual mode, which 
 is always successful. The Children of indigent persons are 
 not excluded, as has been supposed ; but, from the expense 
 of books and the little attention paid to the minor branches
 
 MACCLESFIELD.] CHESTER. 121 
 
 of Learning in comparison with the Classics, such Children 
 are seldom sent to the Grammar School. 
 
 The Master is empowered to take after the rate of I0s.,6d 
 per Quarter from Day-scholars for learning French, and the 
 like sum for learning writing and accompts. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars were used for 
 many years, but those of Dr. VALPY have lately been sub- 
 stituted. 
 
 The first object of Macclesfield School is Classical Litera- 
 ture, which comprehends the English, Latin, and Greek 
 languages. The Higher Forms are likewise instructed in 
 the Elements of Algebra, and Euclid; The Lower and 
 Middle Classes, in Writing, Arithmetic, and the use of the 
 Globes, modern and ancient Geography, Sec. The French 
 language is introduced to a certain extent, in every depart- 
 ment of the School, and is further substituted in the place 
 of Greek, for the benefit of those Pupils who are not inten- 
 ded for College or Professions. A suitable collection of En- 
 glish Authors is appropriated to each Class, and the greatest 
 attention is paid to correct Elocution and Classical Compo- 
 sition. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions belonging to this School ; but 
 the Head Master has recommended to the Governors to 
 found Exhibitions, whenever the Revenues of the Institution 
 will allow. 
 
 Boys from this School are usually sent to Brasen-Nose 
 College Oxford, where a preference is given to them ; Sir 
 RICHARD SUTTON, one of the Founders of that College, 
 having been born in the Parish of Prestbury. 
 
 The School at present consists of Thirty Boarders, and 
 Nineteen Day-Scholars. 
 
 The present Head Master is, DAVIU DAVIES, D. D., 
 whose Salary is 200. per annum, and a spacious House, 
 clear of taxes. This Gentleman takes Pupils, his Terms 
 being,
 
 122 CHESTER. [MACCLESFIELD. 
 
 For Entrance, Five guineas. 
 
 D j mj * f in the Lower Forms, 35 guineas a year. 
 
 Board and Education, { .^ Higher Form8> 40 ggj a ' year . 
 
 A single Bed, if required, Four guineas a year. 
 Extra Charges : 
 
 Dancing, Fencing, Drawing, One guinea a quarter each. 
 
 N.B. Three months' notice is expected before the removal 
 of any Young Gentleman. 
 
 The Salary of the Second Master is 1 50. per annum. 
 
 The Salary of the Writing Master is 1 00. per annum. 
 
 The Salary of the French Master is 50. per annum. 
 
 JOHN BROWNSWERD, a celebrated Grammarian and Latin 
 Poet, was Master of this School in the reign of Queen 
 ELIZABETH. He lies buried in the Chancel of the Parochial 
 Chapel, where there is a tablet to his memory, with a Latin 
 Inscription, which was written by his Scholar, THOMAS 
 NEWTON.
 
 MALPAS.] CHESTER. 123 
 
 MALPAS. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at MALPAS was founded by Sub- 
 scription, about the latter end of the Seventeenth Century. 
 
 HUGH, the first Lord CHOLMONDELEY, who had given 
 the sum of 200., upon the condition that His Lordship 
 and his Heirs should nominate the Master, in lieu of the 
 money then raised, charged an estate in Malpas, called 
 " The Old Hall? with the yearly payment of 25., as a 
 Salary to the Master, for whose use he also gave a House 
 and School-room. 
 
 This School is free only to children of the Representatives 
 of the original Subscribers. 
 
 The Revd. RALPH CHURTON, M. A., the present worthy 
 Archdeacon of St David's and Rector of Middleton Cheney, 
 was educated here.
 
 124 CHESTER. [MIDJDLEWICH. 
 
 MIDDLEWICH. 
 
 THE GBAMMAR SCHOOL at MIDDLEWICH was founded about 
 the latter end of the Seventeenth Century. It has only an 
 Endowment of 11. .10. 0. per annum for the Master, who 
 is nominated by Sir I. F. LEYCESTER, Bart. 
 
 Mr. RALPH LOWNDES gave the School-house. 
 
 It is free for ELEVEN boys of the Parish of Middlewich. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 STOCKPOBT.] CHESTER. 125 
 
 STOCKPORT. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at STOCKPORT was founded by Sir 
 EDMUND SHAA, or SHAW, Goldsmith and Alderman of 
 London, in the year 1487> and endowed with 10. per an- 
 num. Dr. SHAA, who preached the celebrated Sermon at 
 Paul's Cross in favour of the claims of RICHARD, Duke of 
 GLOUCESTER, was his brother. 
 
 By the clause in Sir EDMUND'S Will relating to this 
 School, he directs : 
 
 " And I woll, that the other honest Freest (the first being 
 appointed to preach at Woodhead Chapel) be a discrete man, 
 and conning in Gramer, and be able of connyng to teche Gra- 
 mer. And I woll, that he sing his Masse, and say his other 
 Divyne Service in the Parishe of Stopforde, in the saide Countye 
 of Chester, at souch an aulter there, as can be thought conve- 
 nient for hym, and to pray specially for my Soule, and the 
 Souls, &c. : 
 
 " And I woll, that the same connyng Freest keep a Gramer 
 School contynually in the said Town of Stopforde, as long as 
 he shall contynewe there in the said service. And that he frely, 
 without any wages or salarye, asking or taking of any parson, 
 except only my salarye hereunder specified, shall teche al maner 
 person's children, and other that woll come to him to lerne, as well of 
 the said t;\vne of Stopforde, as of other townes thereabout, the 
 science of Gramer as ferre as lieth in him for to do, unto the 
 time that they be convenably instrut in Gramer by him, after 
 their capaciteys that God woll geve them : 
 
 " And I woll, that the same connyng Freest, with all his 
 Scholars with hym that he shall have for the time, shall, two 
 dayes in every weke, as long as he shall abyde in that service 
 ther, that is to wite, Wedynysday and Fryday, crnie into the 
 said Church of Sh pforde, unto the grave ther, where fhe bodies 
 of my Fader, and my Mother lyen buryed, and ther c -iy togiders 
 the Psalm of / ; Profundis, with the versicles and collects thereto 
 accustomyd, after Salisbury use j and pray specially for my 
 soule, and the soules of my Fader, and my Moder, and for all 
 Christen soules : 
 
 " And I woll, that the same Freest teachinge Grammer ther,
 
 126 CHESTER. [STOCKPORT. 
 
 shall have for his salarye yerely, as long as he abide in that ser- 
 vice ther, 10. of the said l4..6..8. : residue of the said an- 
 nuell and quyterent of 17 
 
 " And for to corage my said Feliship of the said craft of Gold- 
 smythes, or else that other Feliship, the which woll agree to her 
 the charge of the said annuell and quiterent of 17., to be the 
 better willen to the supportacion of the same charge for ever- 
 more : I woll, that the same Feliship shall have for evermore, 
 the presentement, nomination, and admyssion of the said two 
 Preestes of the said two services, and the removing and puttyng 
 out of them, and admyttyng of other into the same services, for 
 causes resonable, as often as the case so shall require." 
 
 The School is further endowed with 10. per annum, 
 payable out of the inclosed Town-lands, and the interest of 
 Benefactions, making altogether about 46. per annum. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 TARVIN.] CHESTER. 127 
 
 TARVIN, near CHESTER. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at TARVIN was founded 
 at a very early period by a Mr. PICKERIKG, who gives as his 
 reason for this benevolent bequest, " that his Father was 
 born here." He left 60. to build a residence for the Mas- 
 ter and a School-house ; and 200. more in trust, for the 
 purchase of land, to educate TWENTY poor Children, free 
 of expense. The Estate which was purchased, is situate at 
 Tattenhall, and now yields 1 2. per annum ; the present 
 annual Rent of the whole being 18., exclusive of the House. 
 
 Besides this Endowment there are two other small sums, 
 which have since been bequeathed; viz., 2. which is the 
 Interest of 40. secured upon a neighbouring Turnpike 
 road ; and a Rent-charge of l., payable out of an estate 
 belonging to Mr. WILBRAHAM, at Qscrqft. 
 
 TEN FEOFFEES were originally elected by the Executors 
 from this Parish ; three of them specially from the Town- 
 ship of Tarvin. This number was afterwards chosen by the 
 principal inhabitants of the Parish. The annual Revenue 
 is received and paid by the Churchwardens to the Master. 
 Each Trustee has power to send any Two boys whom he 
 pleases to the School, if they reside within the Parish. There 
 is no limitation as to other boys. 
 
 The Grammars used are those of VALPY. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advanta- 
 ges, belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM HOB- 
 SON, who is also Curate of Tarvin. This Gentleman takes 
 Pupils, his Terms for board and education, being Thirty 
 guineas per annum each. 
 
 Mr. JOHN THOMASK.N, a celebrated Penman, was Thirty- 
 six years Master of this School ; on the outside of the 
 Church is an Epitaph recording his merits ; he died on the 
 25th. of January, 1/40, at the age of Fifty-four.
 
 128 CHESTER. [WALLAZEY. 
 
 WALLAZEY, near GREAT NESTON. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WALLAZEY was founded in the 
 year 1656-7, by Major HENRY MEOLSE, a Gentleman who 
 came from Sluys in Dutch Brabant, and who gave 100. 
 towards the building and founding of the same. 
 
 To this Sum, Captain WILLIAM MEOLSE, his elder bro- 
 ther, added 125. ; which, with some other money, were 
 laid out in a house and lands, viz,; Houo'Ji's Barn, and a 
 yard, the Randscqff Hey, the Gorst Hey, and the Old 
 Fields, towards it's endowment. 
 
 HENRY YOUNG gave a field, called " The Winter Hey,'" 
 Pooltoncttftt Seacombe, to the School. 
 
 The present endowment consists of a house and garden 
 in Poolton, together with the above mentioned Fields, 
 amounting to about 22 Statute acres, now let for 35 . per 
 annum, And the Interest of 100., left by The Revd. 
 GEORGK BRIGGS, late Rector of this Parish, in 1814. 
 
 The nomination of the Master is vested in The Rector 
 and the Church-wardens, for the time being. 
 
 The School is free to all the boys of the Parish, who are 
 now taught English, writing, and arithmetic, and the useful 
 branches of the mathematics. 
 
 In 179!), the old School was pulled down, and another 
 erected by Subscription. 
 
 Mr. EDWARD NEWTON is the present Master.
 
 WITTON.] CHESTER 129 
 
 WITTON, near NORTHWICH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WITTON was founded 
 by Sir JOHN DBANE, (one of the sons of LAWRENCE 
 DEANE, late of Shurlach, in the Parish of Davenham, in 
 the County Palatine of Chester), Prebendary of Lincoln, 
 and Rector of St. Bartholomew the Great near Smithfield, 
 in London, and erected in the name of JESUS at the Feast 
 of St. Michael the Archangel, in 1558. It was endowed by 
 Sir JOHN with some lands in the Hundred of Wirral, and 
 Houses in Chester, holden by ah old Lease, and described 
 as late parcel of the possessions of The Monastery of ST. 
 ANNE in that City, then of small value, but now amounting 
 to about 1 00. per annum. 
 
 THE STATUTES of the School which are particularly 
 curious, were drawn up by the benevolent Founder himself, 
 and are as follow : 
 
 " Forasmuch as God's glory, his honour, and the wealth pub- 
 lic, is advanced and maintained by no means more thaff by 
 virtuous education and bringing up of Youth under such as be 
 learned and virtuous Schoolmasters, whose good examples may 
 as well instruct them to live well as their doctrine and learning 
 may furnish their minds with knowledge and cunning, have 
 thought it good, not only to erect the said FREE GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL, and to provide a reasonable and competent Stypend 
 for the Schoolmaster of the same, and that in respect of the 
 zeal that I have to God's glory, and for the love that I bear to 
 my native country ; But also, that nothing can endure and con- 
 tinue long in good order without LAWS and STATUTES, do 
 ordain, make, and appoint certain Orders, Rules, Statutes, and 
 Laws to be observed and kept for ever, as well of The Feoffees 
 as also of the Schoolmaster and Schollars of the said Free School, 
 and the rather that in process of time such might happen to be 
 Rulers or Teachers, as are either through a singularity or else 
 negligence would not observe such good Customs, Orders, Sta- 
 tutes, and Laws as their Predecessors have used, and as are used 
 in the great Schools, to the great hindrance of the Schollars : 
 
 VOL. i. K
 
 130 CHESTER. 
 
 Imprimis, I do ordain and will, that the Schoolmaster to be 
 learned, sober, discreet and unmarried ; such a one as hath taken 
 a Degree or Degrees in the Universities of Oxford or Cam- 
 bridge ; undefamed, and of the age of Thirty years at the least, 
 to the end that experience may appear in his conversation and 
 life, and that more obedience may be used towards him for the 
 same : 
 
 Also, because friendship and ignorance might be an occasion 
 that oftentimes the Schollars be frustrate of a Master as afore- 
 said, I will that those Feoffees and certain honest men of the 
 Parish of Witton aforesaid, shall present, such a one as they 
 procure and elect, before his admission into the School, to the 
 BISHOP of CHESTER, and to the Schoolmaster thereof ( The 
 Kings School) for the time being, to be examined of them and 
 to be found and thought meet for that vocation ; as well for dis- 
 cretion as for learning, and so being by them found, then to be 
 admitted and placed in the school : 
 
 Also, I will that the Schoolmaster of Chester, with the Feof- 
 fees and other honest men of the Parish of Witton as aforesaid, 
 shall admit, shall bring him to the School and then and there 
 shall read those Orders, Rules, Laws, and Statutes to him, let- 
 ting him understand his charge, and what is required at his 
 hands, and shall shew him the condition of the School and his 
 Lodgings there, and the lands and houses appertaining to the 
 School, where they lie and in whose hands and occupation they 
 are, and what interest and years the Tenants and Occupiers have 
 in them, ^nd for their pains in thus doing, they shall receive 
 4Os. amongst them, at the placing of every Schoolmaster in such 
 lawful sort as aforesaid, at the hands of the Church- wardens : 
 
 Also, even as the continuance of a Schoolmaster that doth his 
 duty, tendeth to the profit of the Schollars and maketh them 
 prosper as well in manners as in learning, is profitable and com- 
 mendable as nothing more, so likewise it is the greatest hinder- 
 
 ance and to the Scholars to have a Schoolmaster that is 
 
 negligent in his office, or doth not profit his Schollars, dissolute 
 in manners, a drunkard, a whoremonger, or intangled with 
 other occupations repugnant to his vocation, a dicer, or a comr 
 mon gamester, I will therefore, if any such chances to be 
 placed, that those which have or shall have authority to place 
 or admit him, shall likewise after examination and due proof 
 thereof made, have authority to remove him : 
 
 Also, I will that the Feoffees the other as aforesaid being 
 disposed to remove the Schoolmaster upon just occasion as afore- 
 said, shall give to him warning half a year to provide himself, 
 and likewise if he be disposed to depart, shall give to them
 
 WITTON.] CHESTER. 131 
 
 openly in the Church, on the Sunday or some Festival day, 
 warning thereof half a year before his departure, if a shorter 
 time will not serve both the parties more conveniently, and if 
 he neglect to give the said warning, I will that there shall be 
 staid in the hands of the Feoffees that have at that tune the col- 
 lection of the Rents, of his wages 4Os. which I will be given to 
 Forty poor people of the Parish of Witton : 
 
 Also, because nothing that is perpetual is pleasant, I will that 
 the Schoolmaster shall have liberty once in every year Thirty 
 days together to be absent, to recreate himself, requiring there- 
 fore at the hands of the Feoffees, so it be for reasonable occa- 
 sions and urgent business, he always providing that his Schol- 
 lars lose no time in his absence, but they be occupied and 
 
 exercised in their books 'till his return at his , upon which 
 
 the said Feoffees shall grant him lieve as aforesaid : 
 
 As touching in this School what shall be taught of the Master 
 and learned of the Schollars, it passeth my will to devise and 
 determine in particular, but in general to speak and say my mind, 
 I will there were always taught good Literature both Latin and 
 Greek, and good Authors such as have the Roman Eloquence 
 joined with Wisdom, especially Christian Authors that wrote 
 their Wisdom with clear and chaste Latin either in Prose or 
 Verse, for mine intent is by founding this School specially to 
 increase knowledge and worshipping of God and Our Lord 
 Jesus Christ, and good Christian Life and Manners in the Chil- 
 dren, and for that intent I will that the Children learn the 
 Catechism, and then the Accidence and Grammar set out by- 
 King HENRY the Eighth, or some other if any can be better to 
 the purpose to induce Children more speedily to Latin Speech, 
 and then Institutum Christiani Hominis that learned ERASMUS 
 made, and then Copia of the same ERASMUS, Colloquium Erasmi, 
 Ovidii Metamorphoses, Terence, Tully, Horace, Salust, flrgil, and 
 such others as shall be thought most convenient to the purpose 
 unto true Latin Speech, all Barbaric, all corruption, and filthi- 
 ness, and such abusion which the blind world brought in, intirely 
 banish and exclude out of this School, and charge the Master 
 that he teach alway that is best, and read to them such Authors 
 as have with Wisdom joined the pure Eloquence :- 
 
 I also will that the Master admit no Schollars into the School 
 under the age of Six years, and that the Schoolmaster read the 
 Statutes, Orders, Rules, and Laws belonging to the Schollar at 
 the admission of every Schollar, with their Friends present, pre- 
 senting them and hearing, shall undertake and promise to see 
 performed by the Children by them presented, which done the 
 Schoolmaster shall admit him and write his name in a Roll of 
 Parchment, and for the admission and entrance of every Schollar
 
 132 CHESTER. [WITTON. 
 
 in the Roll to receive and take 4d. for every of them, and if 
 their Parents or Friends will not pay the same willingly, I will 
 that then their Children be refused and unreceived 'till such time 
 that it be paid : 
 
 Also, I will that the Schoolmaster shall have yearly 12. 
 standing wages, besides his Veils, and that he shall receive and 
 have it Quarterly by 3. a Quarter at the hands of the Feoffees 
 and Church-wardens of Witton for the time being, which Veils 
 is 4d. only at the admission of every Schollar, and on the first 
 Thursday after the beginning of the School after Christmas of 
 every Schollar a Penny : 
 
 Also, I will that all the Schollars of what estate, condition or 
 degree soever they be, shall submit themselves to due correction 
 of the Schoolmaster, which at their entrance shall be promised 
 as well by their Friends as themselves, which correction shall 
 always be referred to the direction of the Schoolmaster, and not 
 the opinion or mind of the Schollars, and for disobedience and 
 resistance thereof they shall be expelled the School for ever, 
 unless their Friends by earnest Suitors to the Schoolmaster, and 
 can prevail with him and get in such sort that their humble 
 obedience at their return, shall recompence their former stubbor- 
 ness 5 And also forseeing the great inconveniency and enormity 
 that by wilful persons and ignorant, who had rather Children 
 through dis'soluteness and over much liberty should commit 
 offences worthy of punishment, to their shame and undoing, 
 then to have them corrected by the discretion of the School- 
 master according to quality, quantity and gravity of their 
 offences, and upon complaint of the Children, their Parents 
 come to molest and disquiet the Schoolmaster against reason and 
 order, I will that all such mentioned Children, after due proof 
 of such folly and fondness of the Parents herein, shall be utterly 
 expelled this School for ever, unless they shall be able to prove 
 that the Correction done was unreasonable, and that to be proved 
 before and to the Feoffees of the said School and Overseers for 
 the time being : 
 
 Also, I will that my Kinsfolk wherever they dwell, coming 
 to this School, shall be freely taught ; and if there be any of 
 them able and meet to teach, or comparable to those which may 
 be gotten, when the place is void, that they shall be preferred j 
 and for such of them I will that have been born in the Parish, or 
 brought up in this School, and after are able and meet for this 
 Function, shall have the Preferment therefore before others : 
 
 Also, to the end that the Schollars have not any evil opinion 
 of the Schoolmaster, nor the Schoolmaster should not mistake 
 the Schollars for requiring of Customs and Orders, I will that 
 upon Thursdays and Saturdays in the afternoons, and upon
 
 WITTON.] CHESTER. 133 
 
 Holy-days they refresh themselves, and a week before Christ- 
 mas and Easter, according to the old Custom, they bar and keep 
 forth the School the Schoolmaster, in such sort as other Schollars do 
 in great Schools, and that as well in the vacations as the days 
 aforesaid, they use their bows and arrows only, and eschew all 
 bowling, carding, diceing, cocking, and all other unlawful 
 Games, upon pain of extreme punishment to be done by the 
 Schoolmaster, and that every Schollar have and use in the 
 Church his Primer, wherein is contained the Seven Penetential 
 Psalms of the Passion and such like : 
 
 Also, 1 will that the Schollars come to School by Seven 
 o'Clock in the Morning, and go to dinner at Eleven, and after 
 dinner return at One of the clock, and depart home at Five of 
 the clock, And that they thrice a day serve God in the School, 
 rendering him thanks for his goodness done to them, craving 
 his especial grace that they may profit in virtuous learning to 
 his honor and glory, praying for the Soul of their Founder by 
 name, and for the Souls of his Father and Mother and all 
 Christian Souls, and once every week, that is to say on the 
 Friday, to say the Seven Penetential Psalms with the Litany of 
 Prayer and Collect, and every second Friday the Psalms of the 
 Passion with Psalms of Mercy and de Profundis with a Collect 
 at the end thereof, and once a year, that is to say on JESUS 
 DAY in the afternoon, in whose name this School is erected 
 in the Parish Church aforesaid, to say the Dirigay and 
 Comondasonay : 
 
 Also, I will that these Statutes be read in the Church at every 
 Feast, before the breaking up of the School, to all the Schollars, 
 to the intent the Schollars may the better remember their duty 
 in the time of their absence, and that the Schoolmaster do give 
 an exhortation in the School, before they break up School, how 
 they shall order themselves 'till their return, at which time I will 
 that Four of the Trustees and Church-wardens be present, to the 
 intent that they may give warning to such Schollars as they 
 shall see to offend against the said exhortation, or against any of 
 the said Statutes: 
 
 Also, because all Men be mortal, and through such of the 
 number of Feoffees being dead there happen some disorder, not 
 only in the School but also the lands and tenements thereunto 
 given by The Founder aforesaid, might fall to ruin and decay 
 or the School-house want such furniture as appertaineth, there- 
 fore I will as oft as Four of the Feoffees be dead, the rest of the 
 Feoffees surviving, within one quarter of a year, shall assemble 
 themselves at the School-house aforesaid, shall not only then 
 and there elect and choose Four other of the Founder's next 
 Kinsfolk to be Feoffees in the stead and place of the other Four
 
 134 CHESTER. [WITTON. 
 
 Feoffees before dead, if there be then so many of his Kinsfolk 
 alive, and if not, then to choose Four of the most honest, sage, 
 and discreet persons, being Inhabitants of the Parish of Witton 
 aforesaid, and especially such as will have a vigilant eye and 
 bear a good zeal to the maintenance and continuance of this 
 FREE SCHOOL ; but shall then and there also enfeoff the Four 
 by them so chosen, in all the lands and tenements given to the 
 School aforesaid, to the use limited by the Founder in such sort 
 as they themselves be enfeofFed by the Founder's enfeoffment, 
 and this order and election to be continued for ever : 
 
 Aho, I will that Two of the Feoffees only shall receive and pay 
 all manner of rents, wages, and charges concerning the School, 
 and thereof shall yield account every year upon JESUS Eve to 
 the rest of the Feoffees and Church- wardens of Witton aforesaid 
 for the time being, and those Two to receive and pay the said 
 wages and charges for two years, and then to be removed from 
 the business thereof, and other two of the Feoffees to be chosen, 
 
 as then by the Election and the rest of the Feoffees and of 
 
 the said Church- wardens for the time being : 
 
 And be it remembered and known to all the Inhabitants of the 
 Parish of Witton, That the said Sir JOHN DEANE by my last Will 
 and Testament remaining in writing, have given to the Poor 
 Householders in the said Parish Jive marks, to be paid within 
 ooe Quarter of a year next after my decease : 
 
 Also I have given and provided in my said last Will thereof 
 
 the and comoditys of my Wych-Houses in Northwich, 
 
 and lands in Shurlach and Budworth, there shall be for ever 
 given and distributed and bestowed among the poor Schollars of 
 my Free School and Parish of Witton 10*. in the Vigil or Eve of 
 the birth of Our Lord God, one half thereof amongst the said 
 poor Folks, And thus I bid you all Farewell, and desire you to 
 pray for my Soul." 
 
 The WILL of the Founder is lost- And his excellent 
 STATUTES, which seem to have been recovered by accident in 
 a mutilated condition, were re-copied and handed down to 
 posterity by the Two Bailiff Feoffees in l<-6'6. There is 
 likewise added to them, a List of the FEOFFEES acting in 
 1744, probably with intent to show the numbers at that 
 period in existence, since the Founder's Statutes have left 
 that point undefined. 
 
 The number of FEOFFEES when complete, is TWELVE. 
 They are at present,
 
 WITTON.] CHESTER. 135 
 
 Sir JOHN FLEMING LEYCESTER, Bart., of Tabley House. 
 JOHN MARSHALL, Esq., of Hartford, in the Chapelry of 
 
 Witton. 
 
 THOMAS MARSHALL, Esq., of Hartford. 
 Mr. JOHN HUNT, of Hartford. 
 Mr. WILLIAM BRADBURN, of Hartford. 
 Mr. THOMAS CHANTLER, of Hartford. 
 Mr. THOMAS BARKER, of Northwich. 
 Mr. JOHN BARKER, of Witton. 
 Mr. WILLIAM TWEMLOW, of Witton. 
 
 In addition to the STATUTES prescribed by THE FOUNDER, 
 the following " Regulations " have been made by THE 
 FEOFFEES, which are now in force ; 
 
 1st. The Head Master shall not accept of any Church Prefer- 
 ment, or other Situation, but devote himself wholly to the 
 business and management of the School. This is not to prevent 
 his taking Holy Orders, having Boarders, or doing Sunday duty. 
 
 2d. Before appointment he shall, as other Masters have done, 
 give his Bond in the sum of 600. duly to perform the above 
 Regulation, and in every other respect to perform his duty as 
 Head Master. 
 
 3d. In inflicting personal chastisement, he shall use only the 
 Cane, except in cases of gross misbehaviour, when the Trustees 
 must be consulted as to any other punishment. 
 
 4th. The Master shall have the power of Expulsion. 
 
 5th. The ETON Grammars, and none other, shall be taught. 
 
 6th. The two Vacations, at Midsummer and Christmas, shall 
 not exceed Four weeks each, and only three days Holiday at 
 Shrovetide, and Easter, shall be allowed. 
 
 ?th. Holidays shall be given on the Afternoons of Wednesday 
 and Saturday weekly ; but no other Holidays shall be given, 
 except at the Vacations. 
 
 The affairs of the School have of late years undergone 
 some other changes ; and the Feoffees have judged it expe- 
 dient to appoint Two Masters, providing for each of them 
 from it's Funds. 
 
 But all Innovations of the Statutes, it is said, are likely to 
 be abolished. 
 
 All boys are admitted, when there are any vacancies;
 
 136 CHESTER. [WITTON. 
 
 preference being given to persons residing within The 
 Chapelry of Witton. Children are admitted at Six years 
 of age, and may remain until they are Eighteen without 
 superannuation. There is no particular form of Admission ; 
 but it is required that their Parents, or some other of their 
 Relations or Friends, should bring them to the School, and 
 promise the Master that they will always send them deem 
 and neatly dressed. 
 
 The present number of Scholars in THE UPPER SCHOOL 
 is TEN ; and in THE LOWER SCHOOL, THIRTY. These two 
 Schools are entirely distinct from each other; neither has 
 The Head Master any connection or concern whatever with 
 the other School ; He is expected to teach the Latin and 
 Greek Languages only. 
 
 The Latin and Greek Authors taught, are Eutropius, 
 Phaedrus, Caesar, Ovid, Virgil, Sallust, Horace, Cicero, and 
 Terence, The Greek Testament, Xenophori's Cyropaedia 
 and Memorabilia, and Homer's Iliad. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advantages, 
 belonging to this School ; neither is there a Common Seal. 
 
 The present Head Master is, Mr. WILLIAM WHITWORTH, 
 whose Salary is 80. per annum. This Gentleman does not 
 take Boarders ; but he has TEN Day-scholars, from each of 
 whom he receives Four guineas a year ; most of these are 
 Sons of one or other of The Trustees. There is now no 
 Dwelling-house belonging to The School. 
 
 The Salary of the Second Master is 20. per annum. 
 He takes pupils, for each of whom he is allowed to charge 
 20. a year for reading, and writing, and an additional 20*. 
 a year for cyphering, book-keeping, and mathematics. 
 
 This School, from it's contiguity to the Town of North wich, 
 is sometimes erroneously called " NORTHWICH SCHOOL."
 
 BODMIN.] CORNWALL.. 137 
 
 BODMIN. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at BODMIN, which is situate in the 
 Church-yard, was founded by Queen ELIZABETH, and en- 
 dowed with 5. .6..$. per annum, now payable out of the 
 Land Revenues of the Crown. To which sura The Corpo- 
 ration make an addition of 95. annually for the Master's 
 Salary, which is paid out of the Revenues of the Borough 
 by the Mayor. 
 
 There are no free boys. All who are willing to pay two 
 guineas per annum for instruction in the Classics, and which 
 the Master is allowed by The Corporation to charge, may 
 send their Children. There are at present 15 Town boys 
 at the School. 
 
 The ETON Latin Grammar, and VALPY'S Greek Gram- 
 mar, are used. 
 
 There are no Scholarships, nor other University advant- 
 ages, belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOSEPH FAYRER, 
 who was Second Senior Optime at Clare Hall, Cambridge, 
 in 1 809. This Gentleman takes Pupils, their bills upon an 
 average being 45. a year, for board and education. The 
 Mathematics are taught to some extent. He has now 25 
 Boarders. 
 
 The Head Masters have generally been appointed Chap- 
 lains to the County Gaol, with a Salary of 100. per an- 
 num : which office is holden by the present Master. 
 
 HUMPHREY PRIDEAUX, D. D., Dean of Norwich, received 
 a part of his elementary Education here.
 
 133 CORNWALL. [Sr. IVES. 
 
 ST. IVES. 
 
 A GRAMMAR SCHOOL, for the instruction of youth, by a 
 Master and Usher, was founded in this Town by a Charter 
 of King CHARLES the First, in 1639. The Bishop of Exeter, 
 with the Mayor and Capital Burgesses of St. Ives, having 
 been appointed Governors. 
 
 This School has not been kept up, for many years past. 
 
 JONATHAN TOUP, an eminent Critic, was educated here.
 
 LAUNCESTON.] CORNWALL, 399 
 
 LAUNCESTON. 
 
 THE ROYAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL at LAUNCESTON was found- 
 ed by Queen ELIZABETH, and endowed with an annual sum 
 of 17- 13. .3^., now payable out of The Land Revenue of 
 the Crown. 
 
 GEORGE BARON, Esq., by his Will, dated the 9th of Oc- 
 tober, 1685, gave an additional sum of 10. a year; with a 
 power for himself and his Successors to nominate TEN Boys, 
 to be educated here free of expense. This Donation, by his 
 Descendant, OLIVER BARON, Esq., has since been made pay- 
 able out of the Manor of " Paris Garden" in the Parish of 
 Christ Church, in Surrey, in lieu of lands charged there- 
 with ; But they now only send FIVE boys. 
 
 Indeed the School has never exceeded Twelve or Four- 
 teen boys of late years. 
 
 There is also an annual payment of 15. by The Duke of 
 North u mberland . 
 
 The Patrons of the School are The Mayor and Corpora- 
 tion of the Borough of Launceston. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are in use : And 
 the system of Education is the same as is pursued in the 
 oreat Seminaries. 
 
 o 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. J. H. BUTTON, 
 who has an excellent House, and delightfully situate ; but 
 it is unfortunately in a neighbourhood of no affluence to 
 furnish many Scholars.
 
 140 CORNWALL. [LISKEAKD. 
 
 LISKEARD. 
 
 THERE are no Records now existing, nor oral Tradition, to 
 assign a name to the Founder or a date to the Erection of 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at LISKEARD. 
 
 The School-room which is a plain building, and of no 
 antiquity, is situate upon the scite of an ancient Castle, 
 some few vestiges of the walls that inclosed it still remain- 
 ing : And being upon a very elevated spot, the whole of the 
 Town, and a great extent of Country, are presented to the 
 view. 
 
 The Scite of the Castle is part of the Duchy of Cornwall, 
 and a small acknowledgement of the tenure is annually paid 
 to the Duke's Officers at their Audit. 
 
 There is no Endowment attached to the School, nor any 
 Dwelling-house for the Master : But he has been paid a 
 yearly Salary by The Corporation of Liskeard, from time 
 immemorial. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. ATHANASIUS LAFFER, 
 Curate of Liskeard, whose Salary is 100. per annum : for 
 which he is obliged to educate, free of expense, as many of 
 The Freemens"* Sons as The Mayor and Aldermen think 
 proper to recommend. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the system of Edu- 
 cation is similar to the ETON Plan. 
 
 Of late years, this School has been small ; but it formerly 
 flourished very much under the conduct of The Revd. Mr- 
 HAYDON, and continued in great repute under The Revd. 
 Mr. LYNE, and also under the management of his Son : 
 the latter of whom is now Rector of Little Petherick, and 
 is the Author of a School book, called " The Latin Primer" 
 which is said to be of considerable merit.
 
 LISKEARD.] CORNWALL. 141 
 
 Dean PEIDBAUX received his elementary education here, 
 which he afterwards completed under Dr. BUSBY at West- 
 minster. And many Noblemen, and Gentlemen of the high- 
 est respectability in the North-East part of the County of 
 Cornwall, and the West of Devon, are indebted for their 
 instruction to this Seminary. 

 
 142 CORNWALL. [PESRYX. 
 
 PENRYN. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at PENRYN, in the Parish of St. 
 Gluvias, was founded by Queen ELIZABETH, who endowed 
 it with <6..18..0. per annum, now payable out 'of the Land 
 Revenue of the Crown, for a Master to teach THREE boys. 
 No regular appointment of a Master by The Corporation 
 of Penryn has taken place, since the death of The Revd. Mr. 
 BEVERLEY, about Twelve years since.
 
 SAIVTASH.] CORNWALL. 143 
 
 SALTASH. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at SALTASH was founded by Queen 
 ELIZABETH, and endowed with 7-0..0. per annum, for a 
 Master, now payable out of the Land Revenue of the 
 Crown. 
 
 This School has not been kept up, for many years past. 

 
 144 CORNWALL. [TRURO. 
 
 TRURO. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR -SCHOOL at TRURO owes it's origin and 
 endowment to some benevolent person, whose name is now 
 not known. 
 
 A Salary of 1 5. per annum was long paid to the Mas- 
 ter, which, it is supposed, arose from some of the lands that 
 had been, from a very early period, in the possession of The 
 Corporation, or, it may be, was their spontaneous gift, for 
 the encouragement of Learning, as all their Revenues are 
 considered, to be vested in them for public purposes. 
 
 The School is a venerable Structure, 42 feet in length by 
 28 feet in breadth, and 18J feet in height to the ceiling, 
 with pillars and pilasters of the Corinthian Order.] 
 
 Adjoining, is a Library, filled with excellent editions of 
 the Classics and other valuable Works, which are under the 
 sole control of the Master, and are lent, at his pleasure, oc- 
 casionally to the Scholars. 
 
 There was formerly a Dwelling-house appropriated to 
 the Master, contiguous to the School; which, in 1731, 
 was pulled down to enlarge the School-room ; and Mr. 
 CONON, the then Master, perhaps, unfortunately for his 
 Successors consented to receive \Q. per annum in lieu 
 of it. 
 
 These two sums of 15. and 10. were paid by The 
 Corporation for some years. When Lord FALMOUTH, the 
 Recorder, very generously gave an additional 25. per an- 
 num, for the encouragement of Learning. This sum has 
 been continued to be paid annually either by The Corpora- 
 tion who are the Patrons, or the Representatives of the Bo- 
 rough, and has, for many years, been considered as the 
 stated Salary.
 
 TBURO.] CORNWALL. 145 
 
 In the Records of the Borough, The School is styled a 
 Free School ; and, it is said, that formerly The Corpora- 
 tion expected the Master to educate such boys as they might 
 recommend, gratuitously. But the question has never been 
 pressed upon the Master, during a period of Fifty years. 
 Mr. CONON is kno\vn to have educated One Scholar without 
 fee, who afterwards distinguished himself by his acquire- 
 ments: And the present Master, in more instances than 
 one, has given boys their education gratis. But this arose 
 from Charity y and not from any Obligation. 
 
 Boys are admitted at about eight or nine years of age, if 
 they can read English. The number of Scholars, upon an 
 average for the last ten years, has been Fifty. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are at present in 
 use ; and the system of Education is similar to that of ETON 
 COLLEGE. 
 
 There are Two EXHIBITIONS to Exeter College, Oxford, 
 arising from the effects of ST. JOHN ELLIOT, late Rector of 
 St. Mary's in Truro, and of Ladock, as appears by the 
 following Extract from the Decree in Chancery relating to 
 Mr. ELLIOT'S Trust, dated the 14th of March, 1767: 
 Wherein the Master reports, 
 
 " And the Defendants MICHELL, CONOX, and VIVIAN', the 
 surviving Executors and Trustees, named in the AVill of the 
 Testator ST. JOHN ELLIOT, have laid before rne a Scheme for 
 disposing of the clear Residue of his personal estate, not speci- 
 fically bequeathed, in promoting true Virtue and Piety, pursuant 
 to his Will, Whereby they do propose and agree, that the said 
 Trustees, and the Survivors and Survivor of them, shall continue 
 and act as Trustees and Trustee under the Will of the said ST. 
 JOH.V ELLIOT, for the several purposes hereinafter mentioned : 
 
 " And that, after the death of such Survivor, The Rector of 
 Truro, The Schoolmaster of Truro, The Vicar of Kenwyn, The 
 Vicar of Gluvias, and The Vicar of Veryan, all in the County of 
 Cornwall, for the time being, shall succeed and for ever be 
 standing Trustees for this Charity : 
 
 " And they further propose, that the whole of the Trust 
 Estate shall be converted into ready money, and be invested in 
 the Three per Cent. Bank Annuities in the name of the Account- 
 
 VOL. i. L
 
 146 CORNWALL. [Tmmo. 
 
 ant of this Honourable Court, and that as soon as the same, or 
 a sufficient part thereof shall have been so invested, the yearly 
 sum of '30., part of the Interest or produce thereof, be applied 
 half yearly by equal payments towards the support and main- 
 tenance of ONE SCHOLAR, to be from time to time chosen by the 
 present Trustees, &c., at EXETER COLLEGE, in Oxford, who 
 shall have been educated at The Grammar School of Truro 
 aforesaid, which Scholar shall have and enjoy the same for 
 Seven years after his admittance in the said College, subject to 
 the Provisoes hereinafter mentioned : 
 
 " And, that the like annual sum of 30., other part of such 
 Interest and produce be in like manner applied towards the sup- 
 port and maintenance of ONE other such SCHOLAR at EXETER 
 COLLEGE aforesaid, to be chosen in the same manner, and for 
 the like term of Seven years, and subject to the same Provisoes, 
 which Scholar shall have been educated in like manner at Truro 
 Grammar School aforesaid, In case at one and the same time 
 there shall be Two such Scholars fit and proper to enjoy the 
 said Exhibition, such fitness and propriety to be determined by 
 the said Trustees for the time being, or the major part of them, 
 or by the major part or Survivors or Survivor of the present 
 Trustees : But if at any time there shall be but ONE such 
 Scholar educated at Truro Grammar School in manner afore- 
 said, in the enjoyment of this Exhibition, that then such Scholar 
 shall have and receive the sum of '35. by the year, and so in 
 proportion for any less or greater time, and the Trustees for the 
 time being shall in such case annually apply the remaining '25., 
 or other remaining sum, for and towards the support and main- 
 tenance of any other Scholar at EXETER COLLEGE aforesaid (to 
 be chosen by the Trustees for the time being), who shall have 
 been educated at any other Grammar School within the County 
 of Cornwall, which last mentioned Scholar shall have and 
 enjoy the same, subject to the Provisoes hereinbefore or herein- 
 after mentioned, for the term of Four years, or 'till such Trustees, 
 &c., shall choose another fit and proper Scholar from Truro 
 Grammar School to be placed at Exeter College aforesaid. 
 Provided nevertheless, that if there shall at any time be one or 
 more Exhibitioners from Truro Grammar School at Exeter Col- 
 lege aforesaid, who shall have respectively enjoyed the said 
 Exhibitions for Four years or upwards from the time of their 
 respective Elections to the same, and there shall then be one or 
 more Scholars educated in manner aforesaid at Truro Grammar 
 School, who shall in the judgement of the Trustees, &c., be fit 
 to succeed one or both of such former Exhibitioners, that then 
 and in such case, but not otherwise, it shall be lawful for the 
 Trustees, &c., by any instrument or writing under their or his
 
 TRURO.] CORNWALL. 147 
 
 hands and seals, or hand and seal, to remove such Exhibitioners 
 or Exhibitioner, and by the same instrument or writing to nomi- 
 nate and appoint a Successor, or Successors as the case shall 
 happen, so educated at Truro Grammar School, and if both 
 such Exhibitioners shall have enjoyed their respective Exhibi- 
 tions for the space of Four years or upwards, and there then 
 shall be but ONE other Scholar educated at Truro Grammar 
 School properly qualified to succeed to the said Exhibition, that 
 then such of the said Two Exhibitioners shall be removed from 
 his Exhibition as the Trustees, &c., shall think fit : 
 
 " And, that in case there shall be 720 such Scholar educated 
 at Truro Grammar School in manner aforesaid, in the enjoy- 
 ment of the said Exhibitions, or fit and proper to be nominated 
 to the same or either of them, that then the Trustees, &c., may 
 nominate ONE or Two Scholar or Scholars, educated in manner 
 aforesaid at any other Grammar School within the County of 
 Cornwall, to the enjoyment of this Exhibition for the term of 
 Four years respectively, or 'till they or either of them shall be 
 removed in manner after mentioned, which last mentioned Scho- 
 lar or Scholars, if Two, shall receive 60. per annum to be 
 equally divided between them, and so in proportion for any less 
 or greater time, and if but one Scholar, then 35. per annum, an:l 
 so in proportion for any less or greater time, and that the remain- 
 ing 25 . shall be applied by the Trustees, for the benefit of the poor 
 Children who are to be taught to read as after mentioned, in such 
 manner as they or the major part of them, &c., shall think proper : 
 " Provided, nevertheless, that the Trustees shall have power to 
 remove such Scholar or Scholars educated at any other School, from 
 the enj oyment of this Exhibition, when and as soon as Truro Gram- 
 mar School shall be able to furnish EXETER COLLEGE with ano- 
 ther Scholar, or Scholars, properly qualified to enjoy the same : 
 " And, that the present Trustees, &c., may suspend or remove 
 any of such Scholars, whether educated at Truro or any other 
 School, from the enjoyment of this Exhibition, on any gross or 
 notorious irregularity in point of Morals or Collegiate Discipline, 
 which shall be certified to the said Trustees by the Rector (or, in 
 his absence, by the Sub-Rector) of Exeter College aforesaid, 
 or, in case the said Scholars, or either of them, shall not duly 
 keep within the said College Three Academical Terms in every 
 year, during which he or they shall respectively enjoy their se- 
 veral Exhibitions : 
 
 " But they further propose, that an election to a Fellowship 
 or Fellowships of Exeter College shall not preclude or debar the 
 Scholars aforesaid, or either of them from the enjoyment of the 
 benefit of this Exhibition."
 
 H8 CORNWALL. [TRURO 
 
 This Proposal was approved by the Master, and his Report 
 was confirmed by the Court. 
 
 Mr. ROBERT PAUL, of Truro, aged Nineteen, one of the 
 present Exhibitioners, was, in Easter Term 1817, elected a 
 Fellow ; being the youngest ever appointed, it is said, at 
 EXETER COLLEGK. This is recorded to his honour. 
 
 1 he present Master is Mr. THOMAS HOGG, whose Salary 
 
 is 50. per annum. This Gentleman takes Pupils, his 
 
 annual Terms are, For Board and Washing, JE25..0..0 
 
 Education, 4..4..0 
 
 Entrance, 1 .. 1 ..0 
 
 The size of Mr. Hogg's house limits him to TWELVK 
 Boarders. He is the Author of two Poems, " St. Michael's 
 Mount, in Cornwall,"" and " The Influence of the Holy 
 Bible " Dr. FISHER, then Bishop of EXETER, after having 
 read his Testimonials, which he pronounced " very ample* 
 and having administered the usual Oaths, granted this Gen- 
 tleman his Licence, in the month of August, ! 805. 
 
 The Vacations, at Christmas and Midsummer, are Five 
 weeks each. 
 
 This has been, for a long series of years, a School of high 
 character, and has been designated " T7ie ETON"" of Corn- 
 wall; It's Masters, and Scholars, have frequently been 
 eminent Rivals of the Seminaries of Royal Foundation, " in 
 genius, taste, and learning." 
 
 The following is a List of THE MASTERS, often Rectors 
 of Truro, and Members of The Corporation, 
 In 1600. JOHN HODGE. 
 1609. THOMAS SYMS. 
 1612. MATTHEW SHARROCK. 
 1618. NICHOLAS UPCOTT. 
 1620. GEORGE PHIPPEN. 
 1635. WILLIAM WHITE. 
 1666. RICHARD JAGO, who, in September 1685, was
 
 T R UBO .} CORNWALL. 1 49 
 
 " dismissed, and ordered to surrender the School- 
 house and all Houses. 11 
 1685. HENRY GRENFIELD. 
 
 1693. SIMON PAGET, equally reverenced as a " Spiri- 
 tual Pastor, and Master. 1 " 
 161)8. JOHN HILMAN. 
 1 706. THOMAS HANKYN. 
 
 JOSEPH JANE. 
 
 1728. GEORGK CONON. Prior to his election the 
 School had gone to total decay. The Borough 
 records say, " the School is now destitute of 
 Scholars, and that it will require some time to 
 recover it, &C. 1 ' He was a sound Grammarian; a 
 Christian both in faith and practice. He re- 
 signed on the 1 5th of July, 1771- 
 1771 CORNELIUS CARDEW, D.D., " on whom," 
 Mr. POLWHELE observes, " the praises that 
 candour, or even indiiference would bestow, may, 
 as coming from his Pupil and his Friend, be 
 attributed to partial affection. 1 ' This worthy 
 Gentleman resigned in the Spring of J805, and 
 retired to his Rectory of St. Erme, to which he 
 had lately been presented by Dr. WYNNE. 
 On the 23d of May, 1805, the day of Election, there 
 were Eight Candidates. On the part of Mr. HOGG there 
 were numerous high and merited Testimonials from eminent 
 Professors in The University of Edinburgh, strongly expres- 
 sive of the great proficiency which he had made in the pro- 
 secution of his Studies there, for several years ; Upon 
 which he was honourably elected by the Suffrages of the 
 following large majority of The Body Corporate, 
 JAMES NANKIVELL, Mayor. 
 THOMAS NANKIVELL, Alderman. 
 JOHN VIVTAN, Alderman. 
 Jos. FERRIS, Esq.
 
 150 CORNWALL. [TBUKO. 
 
 JAMES KEMPE, Esq. 
 
 GEOKGE THOMAS, Esq. 
 
 THOMAS CLUTTERBUCK, Esq. 
 
 THOMAS JOHN, Esq. 
 
 THOMAS HOBLYN, Esq. 
 
 JOHN F. DEVONSHIRE, Esq. 
 
 Revd. H. POOLEY. 
 
 WILLIAM PAUL, Esq. 
 
 JOHN BUCKINGHAM, Esq. 
 
 WILLIAM JENNY Esq. 
 
 There were also present, 
 
 The Rev. C. CARDEW, D.D. 
 
 L. C. DAUBUZ, Esq. 
 
 J. EDWARDS, Esq. 
 
 J. JAMES, Esq. 
 
 J. WILLYAMS, Esq. 
 
 The Right Hon. Viscount FALMOUTH gives annually 
 three elegant SILVER MEDALS to the School, being substi- 
 tuted for those formerly given by General MACARMICK. 
 On the second Thursday of September a select number of 
 the Scholars deliver PUBLIC SPEECHES in English, and La- 
 tin, and the Medals are adjudged, " dignissimo, dtgniori, 
 digno." The value of the Medals, with the cases, and gilding, 
 is about 6. 
 
 Of this judicious measure THE CORNWALL GAZETTE, of 
 the 13th of September, 1817, thus pleasingly reports. 
 
 " On Thursday, a select number of young Gentlemen de- 
 claimed before a numerous and elegant audience, for the Medals 
 annually given to TRURO GRAMMAR SCHOOL, by Viscount FAL- 
 MOUTH. The first Prize was adjudged to Master POLWHELE, of 
 Kenwyn, the second, to Master CURGENVEN, of St. Michael 
 Penkivell, and the third, to Master MICHELL, of Kenwyn. 
 Messrs. HOGG, MACKCLEAN, and MOOREMAN, who had received 
 Medals on former occasions, received the unanimous thanks of 
 the Committee, for the excellence of their performance. 
 
 " Judicious attention was paid to the literary honour of Truro 
 by extracts from Mr. WOODLEY'S Poem " Redemption," Colo- 
 nel WILLYAMS'S " Influence of Genius"-" Mr. HOGG'S "Influence
 
 TBUBO.] CORNWALL. 151 
 
 of The Bible," and The Revd. Mr. POLWHELE'S " Influence 
 of Local Attachment." The manner in which these Speeches were 
 delivered, did no little credit to the respective Speakers, whose 
 abilities, as well as those of the other Candidates, were fully 
 appreciated, and warmly applauded by The Company." 
 
 The noble Donor generally honours the Meeting with his 
 attendance ; and, with great condescension, presents the 
 Medals with his own hand. 
 
 Among the distinguished Characters who have been edu- 
 cated at this School, may be enumerated, 
 SAMUEL FOOTE, the Comedian. 
 The Revd. EDWARD GIDDY, of Tredrea. 
 JAMES ANDREW, D. D., Prebendary of Rochester. 
 General JAMES MACARMICK, late Governor of Cape Breton, 
 and who established the Medals, in 1787, when he 
 was M. P. for Truro. 
 
 Colonel JOHN LEMON, late M. P. for Truro. 
 FRANCIS GREGOR, of Trewarthenick, Esq., late M. P. for 
 the County of Cornwall, and author of several 
 Political Tracts. 
 The Revd. HENRY MARTYN, the Translator of the Scrip- 
 
 tures into the Persian language. 
 FORTESCUE HICHINS, Esq., author of Poems and a History 
 
 of Cornwall. 
 The Revd. RICHARD POLWHELE, author of numerous Pub 
 
 lications. 
 
 The brave Admiral Lord EXMOUTH. 
 PASCOE GRENFELL, Esq., M. P. 
 
 Sir HUMPHRY DAVY, Knt, LL. D., the eminent Chymisl. 
 JOHN COLE, D. D., Rector of Exeter College, Oxford. 
 The Revd. EDWARD SCOBELL, M. A., author of a much ap- 
 proved volume of Sermons, lately published. 
 The Revd. THOMAS VIVIAN. 
 JOHN VIVIAN, Esq., Vice- Warden of the Stannaries of 
 
 Cornwall. 
 General Sir R. HUSSET VIVIAN, K. C. B.
 
 152 CUMBERLAND. [SAINT BEES. 
 
 SAINT BEES, near WHITE HAVEN. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 
 
 IN the beginning of the year 1583, EDMUND GRINDALL, 
 a native of Hensingham in the Parish of St. Bees, then 
 Archbishop of CANTERBURY, intending to found a Grammar 
 School here, applied to Queen ELIZABETH, who, by her 
 Letters Patent, dated the 24th of April, 1583, granted, 
 That there should be one Grammar School in KIRKBY 
 BEACOCK alias SAINT BEGHES, to be called " THE FREE 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL of EDMUND GRINDALL, Archbishop of 
 CANTERBURY,'' for the instruction of Youth, to have one 
 Master, and that there should be SEVEN discreet and 
 honest men, to be called WARDENS and GOVERNORS of the 
 Posses ion?, Goods, and Revenues of the School, The 
 Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, and The Rector of 
 Egremont, for the time being, always to be Two, JOHN 
 LAMPLEY, of Lampley, Esquire, ROBERT SANDES, of Ret- 
 tington, Esquire, WILLIAM DAVIES, of St. Bees, Gentle- 
 man, RICHARD SKELTON, of Walton, Yeoman, and ROBERT 
 GRINDALL, of Hensingham, Yeoman, to be the first Gover- 
 nors, -to be one Body Corporate, with perpetual succession, 
 to have a Common Seal, and to receive and enjoy any 
 manors, lands, or other possessions for the benefit of the 
 School. 
 
 '\ he Founder was empowered to appoint a Master, when 
 occasion should require, during his own life, and to make 
 such Statutes and Ordinances in writing, touching the 
 ordering and governing the Master, Scholars, and Revenues, 
 as he should think fit, to " be for ever kept inviolable." 
 
 And after the deatli of the Archbishop, The Provost of 
 Queen's College, for the time being, to have the nomination 
 of the Master, so as he be a person of Learning, and born
 
 SAINT BEES.] CUMBERLAND. 153 
 
 in the Counties of Cumberland, York, Westmorland, and 
 Lancaster. 
 
 In virtue of this authority His GRACE drew up the 
 following STATUTES and ORDINANCES, for the better Govern- 
 ment and ordering of his Free Grammar School, and of the 
 Lands and Revenues thereto belonging, which are dated the 
 3d of July, 1583, and were solemnly delivered and pub- 
 lished in the presence of Eight Witnesses, on the same 
 day : 
 
 " Of the Election of THE WARDENS and GOVERNORS. 
 Cap. 1. 
 
 There is nothing so good and profitably devised, that may not 
 very soon, either by negligence grow into decay or by malice be 
 utterly overthrown, unless it be upholden by good Order and 
 careful Government. To the end therefore, that our purpose 
 concerning this School may more profitably take effect and 
 longer continue, the Queen's most excellent Majesty of her gra- 
 cious Favor, at our humble Petition, hath, by her Majesty's 
 Letters Patent granted and appointed, that there shall for ever 
 and from time to time be SEVEN discreet and honest men to have 
 the oversight, government, and disposition of this School and 
 the Lands, Goods, and Revenues thereof ; which shall be 
 called, THE WARDENS and GOVERNORS of the Possessions, 
 Revenues, and Goods of THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of ED- 
 JIVNDE GRINDALL, Archbishop of Canterbury, in KYRBY BEACOK 
 alias ST. BEGHES, in the County of Cumberland ; whereof the 
 Provost of the Queen's College, in Oxon, and the Parsons of the 
 Parish Church of EGERMONDE, in the County of Cumberland, 
 shall always be TWO, and their Successors from time to time 
 and the other FIVE, after the death or deaths of any of them that 
 be named in the said Letters Patent, shall be chosen from time 
 to time according to the Tenor thereof, that is to say, as often 
 as it shall happen one or more of them for the time being to 
 die, the Residue of the Wardens and Governors aforesaid or 
 the greater part of them, within six weeks after his or their 
 Death, shall make choice of another or more meet Person as 
 necessity shall require, to succeed in their Rooms. And if the 
 said Wardens or Governors so surviving shall neglect to make 
 choice and election within the said Time, then the Reverend 
 Father in God the Bishop of Chester, for the time being, shall 
 and may elect and appoint such Persons as shall be meet and 
 needful for that Purpose. But if any that are chosen within the
 
 154 CUMBERLAND. [SAINT BEES. 
 
 time limited shall refuse to take upon them the Care of so good 
 and profitable a work (which God forbid), then the residue or 
 the greater part of the said Governors shall proceed to a new 
 Election, within six weeks after such refusal signified unto any 
 of the said Governors under the Hand of the Recusant. And 
 for like Default of the said Governors, the Election shall devolve 
 to the said Bishop, for the time being. The Receiver of the 
 Revenues of the said School, for the time being, shall give 
 notice as well unto the said Wardens and Governors or to so 
 many as conveniently can be warned of the occasions and times 
 of such Meeting, as also to the said Bishop of the Default of the 
 said Wardens (if any be), within one month after the same, or 
 else he shall lose for every such Default on his part Five Shillings, 
 to be defalked out of his Stipend. And we will, that the said 
 Elections shall be made in the Chamber that shall be built OA r er 
 the School for such Purposes, and in the meantime in some 
 other convenient place, and a Dinner shall be provided there 
 for the said Wardens by the Receiver for the time being, pro- 
 vided that the Charge thereof exceed not 6s. Sd. : And if it may 
 conveniently be upon the general and ordinary day of meeting 
 hereafter mentioned, then the Charge of this extraordinary 
 Dinner shall be saved. 
 
 Of the GENERAL and ORDINARY MEETING of the Governors 
 once a Year. Cap. 2d. 
 
 The said Wardens and Governors shall every year once meet 
 at the School, viz., on the Tuesday or Thursday in the Forenoon 
 after Easter week, and shall cause these Statutes to be openly 
 read before them by the Schoolmaster or Usher, and shall make 
 choice of one of themselves to be Receiver of the Revenues of the 
 said School for the year following, and shall take account of the 
 old Receiver. They shall also at this their Meeting consider of 
 those things that shall be necessary, about the disposing of the 
 Lands and Revenues of the school, and see the same carefully 
 preserved and maintained, according to the special Trust reposed 
 in them, and shall view the Buildings and take account of the 
 Implements belonging thereto, and look whether the same be 
 clean and decently kept and preserved. And shall appoint the 
 Decays thereof to be mended and supplied, They shall also, 
 with the Assistance of some godly and learned Man, examine 
 the diligence and good behaviour of the Schoolmaster, and see 
 how his Scholars do profit under him, and whether he perform 
 his Duty in bringing them up in Learning and in the Fear of 
 God, or no. And if he be careful and diligent, they shall com- 
 mend and encourage him, but if they find him to be notoriously 
 negligent or given to any grievous Crime, they shall rebuke and
 
 SAINT BEES.] CUMBERLAND. 155 
 
 admonish him thereof, and if he shall not forthwith reform him- 
 self, they shall the second time admonish him by their Letters 
 or otherwise within three Months, but if he do n6t then amend, 
 let him be removed by the Receiver (who for his years shall 
 have special care thereof), with the consent of three others of 
 the Wardens. And warning shall be given by the said Wardens 
 to the Provost of Queen's College, in Oxon, for the time being, 
 and upon his Default to the Master of Pembroke Hall in Cam- 
 bridge, for the time being, according to the said Letters Patent, 
 to make choice of another that shall be meeter. Finally the said 
 Wardens and Governors shall have Care, that these Statutes be 
 duly observed in all points, and that the Accounts of the Re- 
 ceivers, and the Elections and Grants, and other orders that shall 
 be set down or made by them or their Meetings shall be registered 
 in a Book for that Purpose, with the day and year of the same, 
 by the Schoolmaster or Usher in the presence of the said Gover- 
 nors before their Departure, and the Governors that do consent 
 to the said Accounts, Elections, Grants or Orders, shall subscribe 
 their names or marks unto the same. The said Register Book 
 shall be kept in the Chest hereafter mentioned, and shall not at 
 any time be taken out of the said Chamber, And we allow to 
 the said Governors, for a Dinner every year at this their General 
 Meeting to be prepared for them in the said Chamber, or in the 
 meantime in some other convenient place by their Receiver 
 13s. 4rf. 
 
 Of the RECEIVER of the REVENUES of the School. 
 Cap. 3d. 
 
 We will, that the Receiver shall be chosen every year at the 
 General Meeting (unless urgent Cause be to the contrary), and 
 by the greater part of the Governors that shall be present, and 
 he shall see the School repaired, if need require, within his year, 
 and pay the wages to the Schoolmaster and Usher at the end of 
 every usual Quarter of the year, viz., at Michaelmas, Christmas, 
 the Annunciation, and Midsummer; he shall also take order, 
 that the Annuity be paid to Pembroke Hall, in Cambridge, 
 according to a Covenant to be made by the said Governors for 
 the same ; and he shall have authority to receive the Revenues 
 of the School for his year, which shall begin at the Annunciation 
 before his Election, and to acquit the Tenants and others charge- 
 able with the Payment thereof, upon the Receipt of the same by 
 himself or his Deputy ; and we will, that immediately upon his 
 Election he shall enter into Bond sufficient to the said Wardens, 
 to make a true account at the year's end before them at their 
 general and ordinary meeting, and to deliver up unto them such 
 money as shall remain upon his account, which shall immediately
 
 . 56 CUMBERLAND. [SAINT BEES. 
 
 be put into a chest to be provided for that purpose, and shall 
 remain there in a stock for uses hereafter mentioned ; he shall 
 also give warning, as is said before, of the death or refusal of 
 any of the Five Governors that shall happen within his year, 
 and of the occasions and times of Public Meetings, and of the 
 avoidance of the Schoolmaster, and shall receive for his 
 pains 20s. 
 
 Of the SCHOOLMASTER. 
 
 Cap. 4th. 
 
 The Schoolmaster shall be nominated and appointed by us 
 during our natural Life, and after our Death by the Provost of 
 the Queen's College, in Oxon, for the time being. But if the 
 said Provost, at any time within two Months next after the 
 avoidance of the said Schoolmaster upon reasonable warning 
 thereof by the more part of the said wardens and governors for 
 the time being, shall not appoint another meet and learned per- 
 son, that can make Greek and Latin verses, and read and inter- 
 pret the Greek Grammar and other Greek Authors, and which 
 is and shall be born within the Counties of Cumberland, York, 
 Westmorland, or Lancaster, to be Schoolmaster there, then and 
 so often the Master of Pembroke-Hall, in Cambridge, for the 
 time being, shall have the authority to nominate and appoint 
 the like meet and learned Man in the said place for that time, 
 according to the Tenor of the said Letters Patent. The School- 
 master shall carefully seek to bring up all his Scholars equally 
 in Learning and good Manners, and shall refuse none, being 
 born in the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland, of whom 
 he shall receive only 4d. a piece at their first coming, for the 
 entering of their names into his Book, and no more for their 
 teaching. And he shall have for his pains yearly 1Q., to be 
 paid unto him quarterly as is aforesaid, by equal portions, and 
 at his first coming shall receive towards his charges in his 
 journey, so much of the said yearly Stipend as shall be grown 
 due since the avoidance of the last Schoolmaster before him. 
 Further, the said Schoolmaster shall not absent himself from the 
 School above Twenty Days in the whole year, except the twelve 
 Days in Christmas, and in Easter, and Whitson week, or with- 
 out urgent cause and special licence obtained of the more part 
 of the Governors, and then he shall appoint some other meet 
 Man to supply his place ; and if he tarry away longer than the 
 time limited, he shall lose for every day twelvepence, to be 
 taken and defalked out of his wages by the Receiver ; but if he 
 shall willingly absent himself Fourteen Days together, or by 
 the space of one Month at several times in one year, above the 
 time limited, as is aforesaid, then he shall lose his place,, and
 
 SAINT BEES.] CUMBERLAND. 157 
 
 notice shall be given thereof to the said Provost, or to the Mas- 
 ter of Pembroke-Hall, for the time being, in his default, and it 
 shall be lawful for them to chuse him again, or some other meet 
 Man in his room. 
 
 Item, He shall receive the Implements and Bedding by Inven- 
 tory from the Governors, and shall enter into sufficient Bond at 
 his first Entrance, to make good the same from time to time. 
 
 Item, We do by these presents nominate and appoint NICHOLAS 
 COPELANDE, Bachelor of Arts, to be the first Schoolmaster 
 there. 
 
 Of the USHER. 
 Cap. 5th. 
 
 The Schoolmaster for the time being shall have authority to 
 appoint some poor Scholar, that understandeth his Grammar, 
 and can write a reasonable hand, to be his Usher under him ; 
 who shall teach the Children to read and write English, and to 
 say by heart the Catechism in English set forth by public autho- 
 rity, with the additions, and the Accidence, and when they are 
 able to learn construction they shall be admitted into the Mas- 
 ter's School. The Usher shall have for his wages yearly five 
 marks, to be paid by the Receiver quarterly, and may take for 
 every one that are limited to be taught by him 2d. a piece at 
 their Entrance into the School, besides that which the Master 
 shall have as is aforesaid ; he shall also have 4d. a piece yearly 
 of every one that he shall teach to write, so long as he taketh 
 pains with them. The Schoolmaster shall have the oversight 
 and government of the Usher, and of his doings, and may place 
 and displace him as his deserts may require, and as shall seem 
 convenient unto the said Schoolmaster. 
 
 Of the AUTHORS and BOOKS to be read in the said School. 
 Cap. 6th. 
 
 The Schoolmaster shall encourage the good natured, and 
 those that are toward in Learning, by praising and preferring 
 them to higher places, and shall dispraise and displace the sloth- 
 ful and untoward, that either for love of commendation or fear of 
 shame they may be provoked to learn and profit at their books. 
 He shall chiefly labour to make his Scholars profit in the Latin 
 and Greek Grammar, and to the end they may the better profit 
 therein, he shall exercise them in the best Authors in both 
 tongues that are meet for their capacity, Provided always, that 
 the first books of construction that they shall read either in 
 Latin or Greek, shall be the smaller Catechisms set forth by 
 public authority for that purpose in the said tongues, vvliich we 
 will they shall learn by heart, that with the knowledge of the
 
 158 CUMBERLAND. [SAINT BEES. 
 
 tongues they may also learn their duty towards God and Man. 
 These books shall only be read in the said School, except it 
 shall be otherwise appointed hereafter by those that have autho- 
 rity; 
 
 The A. B. C. in English. 
 
 The Catechism in English, set forth by public authority. 
 The Psalter and Book of Common Praver, ? . ,-, ,. , 
 The New Testament, j m En S llsh ' 
 
 The Queen's Grammar, with the Accidence. 
 The small Catechism in Latin, publicly authorised. 
 Confabulationes Pueriles. "j 
 
 Jisopi Fabulae. 
 
 f Epistolae Minores Selecte. 
 I Officiorum. "1 'v u 
 
 M.% JDeAmicitia. L b 
 
 CideronJs j De Senectute. 
 
 I Tusculanarum Questionum. J 
 (_Orationes, or any other of his works. J 
 Salustius. " 
 
 Justinus U P^e. 
 
 Comentani Caesans. 
 Q. Curtius. 
 
 Distica Catonis. B. Mantuanus. 
 
 Terrentius. Pallurgenius. j 
 
 Virgilius. Buchanani Scripta. ! . , T 
 
 TT A- o j v ? m verse. 
 
 Horatms. Sedulius. 
 
 Ovidii Metamorphoses. Prudentius. 
 
 Ovid : de Tristibus. J 
 
 The Greek Grammar of Cleonard, or some other generally 
 allowed. 
 
 The little Greek Catechism set forth by public authority, and 
 any other good Author in Greek. 
 
 The Schoolmaster may use his choice of these books, to take 
 or leave as he thinketh meet, to be appointed for every Form, 
 saving that the Accidence, the Queen's Grammar, and the 
 Catechism aforesaid, shall not be omitted. And the School- 
 master shall not suffer his Scholars to have any lewd or super- 
 stitious books or ballads amongst them. 
 
 Of the ORDERING and DISPOSITION of the REVENUES. 
 Cap. 7th. 
 
 Whereas we have appointed certain Lands, Annuities, and 
 other Hereditaments to the yearly value of '50. to be purchased, 
 and given to the said Wardens and Governors of the School, and 
 their Successors for ever, for the maintenance of the said School, 
 and the relief of poor Scholars in the Universities of Cambridge
 
 SAINT BEKS.] CUMBERLAND. 159 
 
 and Oxford, we will that the said yearly Rent and Revenue shall 
 
 be employed and bestowed as followeth : 
 
 Imprimis, for the finding of one Fellow and two Scholars in 
 Pembrok-Hall, according to Special Statutes appointed for 
 the same 20..0..O 
 
 Item, to the Schoolmaster 20..0..0 
 
 Item, to the Usher 3.. 6.. 8 
 
 Item, to the Receiver for his Fee 1..0..0 
 
 Item, for the Dinner at the General Meeeting "I 
 of the Governors once in the year j 
 
 Summum 45..O..O 
 
 The Residue, together with the penalties that shall happen, 
 shall be put into the Chest at the year's end, at the said General 
 Meeting, to be employed from time to time upon the Repara- 
 tions and other necessary Charges of the School ; and the over- 
 plus shall be kept for a Stock, for uses hereafter specified. 
 Andwewill, that the Lands and possessions granted, or hereafter to 
 be granted unto the said Wardens and Governors, shall be let and 
 employed to the best Benefit of the School. And the Fines that 
 shall be received, and the Surplusage of Rent that shall be here- 
 after received upon the same, shall be faithfully laid up in the 
 said Chest for the Increase of the Stock aforesaid, wherewith 
 we charge the Consciences of the Wardens and Governors of the 
 said School and their Successors. 
 
 How the Stock of the School shall be employed. 
 Cap. 8th. 
 
 When it shall happen that the Stock of the said School shall 
 be increased and amount to the Sum of four Score Pounds, then 
 we will and ordain that so much thereof as will serve after the 
 Rate of twenty Years purchase or thereabouts, shall be employed 
 for the buying and purchasing of Lands, Annuities, or other 
 yearly Revenues of Five Marks, to be assured to the said War- 
 dens and Governors, and their Successors, by the Name of their 
 Incorporation, which shall be employed for ever from time to 
 time for Exhibition and Relief upon a Poor Scholar in Pembroke- 
 Hall, in Cambridge, which shall be nominated by the greater 
 part of the Wardens, and taken out of such as shall be born in 
 the Counties of Cumberland or Westmorland, and brought up 
 in this School, and be able to make a true verse in Latin, and 
 hath read the Greek Grammar. And the said Scholar shall en- 
 joy the said Exhibition until he shall forsake the said University, 
 or shall be preferred to some place in one of the Colleges there, 
 that ahall be as beneficial unto him as the said Five Marks j and
 
 160 CUMBERLAND. [SAINT BEES. 
 
 then the said Wardens, or the more part of them, shall appoint 
 another so qualified as before, to have the same Exhibition in 
 form aforesaid, and so from time to time for ever, And when 
 it shall happen, that the said Stock shall grow to the Sum 
 aforesaid, then we will the like Order shall be in all points and 
 conditions observed, for the Relief of a poor Scholar in the 
 Queen's College, in Oxford, And so from time to time, as the 
 said Stock shall increase, the like Purchases shall be made and 
 employed as is said before towards the maintenance of more 
 Scholars in the said Universities, to be placed by the said War- 
 dens and Governors, and their Successors, as is aforesaid. The 
 first in Cambridge, the second in Oxford, the third in Cambridge, 
 the fourth in Oxford, and so forth orderly for ever, until the 
 full Sum granted by the said Letters Patent to be purchased 
 and obtained by the said Wardens and Governors shall be 
 fulfilled. 
 
 Of the COMMON SEAL, and keeping the EVIDENCES of the School. 
 
 Cap. 9th. 
 
 Whereas her Majesty hath appointed the said Wardens to have 
 a Common Seal for ever, to be used in their Affairs as need shall 
 require, we will that the said Seal shall be kept in a little Casket 
 with a Lock within the said Chest, and the Schoolmaster shall 
 keep the Key thereof, which, at his departure from the School, 
 he shall leave with the Receiver. The said Seal shall not be 
 set to any Instrument or Grant, but in the presence and with the 
 consent of the more part of the said Governors, and in the pre- 
 sence of the Schoolmaster, who shall immediately ctfter the 
 Sealing lock up the same again. The Chest wherein the said 
 Casket, the Register Book, this Book of Statutes and other 
 Evidences, together with the said Stock, shall be kept, shall 
 have three several Locks and the Keys thereof shall be kept by 
 three of the Wardens, so as no one Man shall have two of the 
 said Keys in his Custody at once, neither shall any of tftem suffer 
 his Key to be used in his absence, but in extreme necessity, and 
 then he shall commit the same to spme other of the Wardens 
 that hath not a Key. This Chest shall always remain in the 
 aforesaid Chamber, the Door whereof shall have two strong 
 Locks and the Keys of the said Locks shall be kept, the one by 
 the Receiver, the other by the Schoolmaster, who upon his De- 
 parture shall deliver his Key to one of the Wardens -fhat is not 
 Receiver, to be kept by him until there be a new Schoolmaster. 
 And we pray and charge the Wardens as they will answer unto God 
 at the dreadful day of Judgment, that they see these Statutes 
 FAITHFULLY observed to the uttermost of their Power.
 
 SAINT BEES.] , CUMBERLAND. 161 
 
 Certain ORDERS for the SCHOLARS. 
 
 Imprimis, they shall resort to the School every working Day by 
 seven of the Clock in the Morning, and remain there 'till eleven ; 
 likewise after Dinner they shall come by one of the Clock, and 
 continue until Jive, except the Schoolmaster shall at any time 
 grant them leave to play, which shall not be above once in a 
 week, except it be in Christmas, and in Easter, and Whitson 
 weeks. 
 
 Item, both at their coming and departing they shall with audi- 
 ble and distinct voice say Prayers upon their Knees, the Master 
 and Usher joining with them, in such Form as shall hereafter 
 be described and appointed. And when they depart from School 
 (unless they have leave to play) they shall go two and two toge- 
 ther, so far as their way lieth, without wandering and gadding 
 out of Order. 
 
 Item, they shall every Saturday in the Forenoon repeat that 
 which they have learned the week before ; and when any of 
 them shall be thought to be able by the Schoolmaster, two shall 
 be appointed weekly to declaim upon some Theme by heart the 
 same day before Dinner, and they shall exhibit their Declama- 
 tions in writing, and others that shall be thought meet shall 
 exhibit verses upon the same Theme to the Master, that he may 
 peruse them, and teach them to amend the Faults, and during 
 the reciting of the said Declamations, the rest of the Scholars 
 shall be attentive. 
 
 Item, upon Saturdays and Half-holidays in the afternoon, they 
 shall apply their writing by the space of two Hours, and the 
 Master and Usher in the meantime shall examine such of their 
 Scholars as they think meet in the Catechism, either in Eng- 
 lish, Latin, or Greek, according to their Capacities, and as 
 they have learned the same. 
 
 Item, If any of them shall use swearing, filthy talk, lewd and 
 licentious Books or Songs, they shall be sharply punished." 
 
 The benevolent Founder had purchased in his life time, 
 in the name of the Governors, certain lands, called " Pal' 
 mers Fields" at Croydon, in the County of Surrey, then 
 worth 50. per annum, as stated in the Statutes. This 
 Estate was afterwards very improperly leased out for One 
 THOUSAND YEARS, without fine or consideration to the 
 School ! 
 
 On the 6th of July, 1583, the Archbishop died, before 
 
 voi j. M
 
 162 CUMBERLAND. [SAINT BEES. 
 
 the Foundation was fully completed, leaving at the time of 
 his Decease 500. in the hands of his Executors, to pur- 
 chase there with lands of the annual value of 30. for the 
 further maintenance of the School. 
 
 And it would seem, that the School was built very soon 
 after by his Executors, as the Doorway has the date of 1583 
 upon it. 
 
 On the 15th of June, 1585, a second Patent was granted 
 by Queen ELIZABETH in confirmation of the former, reci- 
 ting the several particulars, and specially directing that the 
 Statutes and Ordinances, which had been made by the 
 Archbishop, should from time to time, for ever thereafter, be 
 observed and kept inviolable. 
 
 On the 25th of June, 1604, King JAMES the First, in 
 augmentation of the original Endowment, granted to the 
 Wardens and Governors of the School, and their Successors 
 for ever, 
 
 All those Sixteen messuages or tenements, situate in the Vill 
 or Hamlet of Sandwith, in the County of Cumberland, in the 
 possession of WILLIAM LATUS, JOHN SYMPSON, and others, being 
 late parcel of the possessions of the Dissolved Cell of St. Bees, 
 and late belonging to the Monastery of St. Mary near York : 
 
 And all that Sheep-pasture, or Common of Pasture for 300 
 sheep, called " Sandwith Marsh" in the said County, in the pos- 
 session of WILLIAM LATUS, late part of the possessions of the 
 Cell of St. Bees : 
 
 And all that messuage, called " Sea Cote" in the demesne of 
 St. Bees, parcel of the said Dissolved Cell, in the possession of 
 ANTHONY HARDKNEE : 
 
 And all those Forty-eight messuages in the possession of 
 WILLIAM GIBSON, and others, within the Vill and Fields of 
 Kirkby Beacock, late parcel of the said Cell : 
 
 And all that yearly Rent of 45s..2d. , issuing out of Two mes- 
 suages, called " Nether Walton, and Lockeridge," and the fog- 
 gage and after pasture of a Meadow, called " The Green Hayg," 
 situate in Kirkby Beacock, in the possession of WILLIAM LATUS, 
 and EDMUND SKELTON : 
 
 And an annual Rent of 22s.. 11 d. issuing out of Two messua- 
 ges in Kirkby Beacock, in the possession of THOMAS HODGSON, 
 and ROBERT PAINTER :
 
 SAINT BEES.] CUMBERLAND. 163 
 
 And all that Meadow, called " Sowermyre," in Kirkby Seacock, 
 in the possession of JAMES GRINDALL, Clerk, and JAMES CROS- 
 
 THWAITE : 
 
 And all that foggage or after pasture of a meadow, called 
 " The Goseying," in possession of RICHARD YOUNG : 
 
 And all that foggage in a Meadow near " The Beck-Mill," in 
 the possession of WILLIAM LATUS : 
 
 The yearly rent of \6s..8d., called " Walk-mill Silver," paya- 
 ble in common among the Tenants of the Manor of St. Bees : 
 
 And of 24*., issuing out of the Manor of Hensingham, late 
 JOHN SKELTON, Esqr's. : 
 
 And all those Four Messuages in Hensingham, and Wray, in 
 the possession of JOHN GRINDALL, and others, and all perquisites 
 and profits of Courts there valued at, communibus annis, 2s..6d. 
 a year : 
 
 All which premises were late parcel of the lands and posses- 
 sions of Sir THOMAS CHALONER, Knt., deceased, and by a particu- 
 lar survey were valued at 28..8..0$ per annum : 
 
 To be holden as of the Manor of Sheriff Hutton, in the County 
 of York, in free soccage. 
 
 An Act of Parliament was soon after passed, confirming 
 this Grant. 
 
 In the year 1608, The Wardens and Governors granted 
 to the Tenants in St. Bees, and Sandwith, leases of the several 
 tenements, which had been given by the Royal Grant in 
 1604, for the term of ONE THOUSAND years, which, it is 
 said, Archbishop BANCROFT obliged the Governors to do. 
 
 The present annual value of these lands is supposed to be 
 at least 8000., but the revenue arising from them to the 
 School, is stated to be less than 100. 
 
 In the above mentioned Leases a reservation is made of the 
 Royalties, Sec., and of the Mines and Minerals on the pre- 
 mises so leased, and also of the stone and slate necessary for 
 the repair of the School and if s premises. 
 
 It appears that Lord LONSDALE, who is one of the Go- 
 vernors, claims the Royalties belonging to the School as 
 granted to the LOWTHER Family by lease from the Go- 
 vernors: it does not appear, what rent is paid for this lease, 
 as the sum reported as the rent, is said by others to be in
 
 164 CUMBERLAND. [SAINT BEES. 
 
 lieu of 40 loads of Coals formerly granted to the School out 
 of a pit in Lord LONSDALE'S Manor, which is mentioned 
 in the life of Archbishop GEINDALL. 
 
 The Governors, however, do yet hold possession of the 
 Royalties within the Flood-mark. They let on lease an 
 Alabaster Quarry, which forms the chief part of the Revenue 
 of the School, at 60. per annum. They hold a Court an- 
 nually in the School-house. 
 
 A field, a few years since, came to the School, for want, 
 it is believed, of some person to claim it as heir, the owner 
 dying suddenly, being a part of what is now called " School- 
 land,"" and holden under the Leases granted in 1608. 
 
 The parcel of Land, called in King JAMES'S grant, 
 " Sandwith Marsh" is said to have been leased about 40 or 
 50 years since, at 1 0. per annum, a sum very inadequate 
 to it's present value. 
 
 On the 15th of January, 1G29, WILLIAM HICKBAEEOW, 
 the then Master, addressed a most sorrowful petition to The 
 Bishop of CHESTEE, which he styles " A true Relation of 
 the State and Government of the Free Grammar School of 
 St. Bees." 
 
 After describing the Foundation, and the impropriety of 
 the lease of " Palmers Fields" he adds, 
 
 " The 500. left in monies to purchase 30. per annum to 
 the maintenance of the School, are all wasted and spent and no 
 land therewith purchased, to the School's loss of 30. per annum 
 for ever. 
 
 " The lands of 28..8..0. old rent, given by His Majesty, are 
 also leased out for a THOUSAND YEARS for 40s. a year in increase 
 of rent, and 120. in lieu of a Fine, which lands, if they were 
 rightly disposed, were worth 100 marks per annum at the least, 
 which 120. hath rested in other men's hands for the space of 
 20 years, without any use or benefit to the School ; and is in 
 danger to be lost, through the Governors' negligence to call for it. 
 
 " None of the Founder's godlie Statutes for six or seven years 
 have been observed by the Governors, noe General! Meetings 
 in all that time, noe Receiver chosen, nor Accompt made in 
 soe long a space, noe Wages paid to the Scholemaster and
 
 SAINT BEES.] CUMBERLAND. 165 
 
 Usher, for a whole yeare last past, noe Schollars examined, 
 noe Schole-rents gathered for the space of two yeares last, or 
 thereabouts, noe Arrearages of rents levied, albeit the Governors 
 are inabled to distreyn for non-payment of rent, and albeit 
 divers of the Schole tenants are behinde with their rents, some 
 20 marks, some 10, some more, some less. All the Schole is 
 out of frame, and the Governors (as it were) connived utterlie to 
 overthrow it. Albeit the Schole-master hath spent about .'200. 
 in order to recover it's decayed revenues, and to reduce it to it's 
 first foundation, which took noe effect, through the untymelie 
 death of the delinquent Governors." 
 
 " And whereas The Revd. Father the Lord Bishop of CHES- 
 TER upon the avoidance of Three of the Governors, and now 
 within six weekes after chosen to succeed in their rooms, hath 
 chosen Three other honest men to supplie these places, who 
 would indeavour to redress manie abuses in the government ; 
 some of the old Governors oppose his Lordship's election, and 
 with frivolous arguments, seekes to evade his choyce of the 
 Three last elected Governors, contrarie to the tenore of the 
 Founder's Statutes." 
 
 " The now Scholemaster both in Schole and Church hath 
 taken great paynes, amongst these Parishioners for sixteen or 
 seventeen yeares last past, yett never received from them anie 
 thing for his labour in all that tyme, save onelie malitious ca- 
 lumnie, unjust slanders, and mortall hatred, for some of them 
 have at severall tymes, practised to take away his life for bring- 
 ing in question their Schole-injureing-Leases." 
 
 He, therefore, implores His Lordship, seeing all the " mortall 
 woundes of the poore distressed Schoole," and for his love to 
 Learning, for the high trust reposed in him by the first Founder, 
 for the discharge of his Episcopal Office, " to reach his helpinge 
 hand to the languishinge Schole-master, to reforme the mis- 
 government." Harl. MSS. N. 2176. art. 134. 
 
 Sir JOHN LOWTHER, who died in 1705, gave 5. per 
 annum to the School, and a valuable LIBRARY ; to which 
 Sir JOSEPH WILLIAMSON, Secretary of State to CHARLES 
 the Second, made considerable additions. Dr. LAMPI.UGH, 
 Archbishop of York, also gave 5. per annum to the Li- 
 brary, which is now withdrawn. Bishop BARLOW presented 
 several valuable books. And the present Earl of LONSDALE* 
 in 1 803, proved a Benefactor to this very useful Institution, 
 which contains some excellent works in Divinity.
 
 166 CUMBERLAND. [SAINT BEES. 
 
 THOMAS CHALONER, Esq., gave an acre and a half of 
 land, on a part of which the Master's house, and the School 
 stand, and the remainder is nearly equally divided into 
 Garden for the Master, and Play-ground for the Scholars. 
 
 The School Revenues arise partly from Land, partly from 
 an Alabaster Quarry, and partly from Lord's Rents, the 
 Manor of St. Bees being the property of the School. 
 
 All this property is in the Parish of St. Bees, and the pre- 
 sent annual Rental is about 113. 
 
 THE SEVEN WARDENS and GOVERNORS, who have the 
 government of the School, and the direction of it's Revenues, 
 meet annually in a Room which is built over the School, 
 called " THE GOVERNOR'S ROOM, V in Easter Week, accord- 
 ing to the direction of The Founder, for purposes connected 
 with their Office. 
 
 The present GOVERNORS are 
 The Earl of LONSDALE. 
 
 SEPTIMUS COLLINSON, D. D., Provost of Queen's Col- 
 lege, Oxford, ex officio. 
 
 The Revd. Mr. SCOTT, Rector of Egremont, ex offido. 
 Dr. SATTERTHWAITE. 
 
 The Revd. RICHARD ARMISTEAD, the Receiver. 
 The Revd. Mr. FLEMING. 
 HUMPHREY SENHOUSE, Esq., of Nether-Hall. 
 This School is in reality free only to the Counties of 
 Cumberland and Westmorland, though custom has ren- 
 dered it the same as if it were free to every County in 
 England, as no distinction is made between those that are, 
 and those that are not free, every Scholar presenting the 
 Head Master and the Second Master with an annual offering 
 on Shrove Tuesday, which varies according to the means 
 and inclinations of the donors. Some will exceed three 
 guineas, others will not exceed half a guinea, and the Parish 
 Children that are poor, pay simply the annual fourpencc 
 required by the Statutes.
 
 SAINT BEES.] CUMBERLAND. 167 
 
 The number of Scholars has greatly varied, it has far 
 exceeded 100, and has been reduced to 30. The School 
 will now (in 181 7) commence with nearly 60. All applicants 
 are admitted after seven years of age, and there is no super- 
 annuation. The form of admission is the entering of the 
 name of the individual to be admitted, into a book kept for 
 that purpose, the age, and place of abode, as well as the 
 day of entrance being inserted. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are in use. VALPY'S 
 Greek Grammar is also placed in the hands of the Upper 
 Classes, after they have been well grounded in the ETON ; 
 and the Classical Authors are such as are usually read in 
 great Schools. Writing also and arithmetic, geography, 
 English grammar, and various branches of Mathematics are 
 taught by a Third Master, who has a quarterly charge on 
 those who receive such instructions, the School being only 
 free for the Classics. 
 
 There are Two EXHIBITIONS of 25. per annum each, 
 at Queen's College, Oxford, founded by Dr. THOMAS, late 
 Bishop of Rochester, for the sons of Clergymen of the 
 Diocese of Carlisle, and educated at the Schools of Carlisle 
 and St. Bees. 
 
 A St. Bees Scholar has also the privilege of becoming a 
 Candidate for one of the FIVE valuable Exhibitions left by 
 Lady ELIZABETH HASTINGS. See, Leeds. 
 
 Young men from St. Bees usually enter at Queen's Col- 
 lege, in Oxford, because the Foundation of that College is 
 reserved for Cumberland and Westmorland Students only. 
 However, Cambridge is preferred by some individuals. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. THOIMAS BEAD- 
 LET, M. A., of Queen's College, Oxford, who has recently 
 been appointed. His Salary is ?>0. per annum, all taxes, 
 rates, and repairs being generally defrayed by the Governors, 
 with between 5 and 6 acres of meadow ground, and a 
 comfortable Dwelling-house, upon which the present Earl of
 
 168 CUMBERLAND. [SAINT BEES. 
 
 LONSDALE expended .700., and which will conveniently 
 admit Twenty Boarders. This Gentleman's terms for private 
 Pupils do not exceed Thirty-five guineas per annum, exclu- 
 sive of washing, and of the annual offering on Shrove Tues- 
 day. 
 
 The Second Master (who is appointed by The Head 
 Master) is, Mr. JOSEPH BARNES, a Son of a former Master. 
 The Second Master has usually been in Orders, though in 
 the present instance he is not. He has only in Salary 1 0. 
 per annum, but the annual offering, when the School is 
 numerous, amounts to something considerable. 
 
 The Second Master does not take Boarders. But Village 
 Lodgings may be procured at from 24. to 26*. per an- 
 num. 
 
 It may not be improper to mention, that Archbishop 
 GRINDALL, who is the " Algrind" of SPENSER, first brought 
 the Tamarisk to England, so useful in Medicine, when he 
 returned from his Exile. 
 
 Bishop HALL, Master of Trinity College, Dublin, was 
 educated at this SchooL
 
 SAINT BEES.] CUMBERLAND. 169 
 
 SAINT BEES. 
 
 THE COLLEGE. 
 
 IN the year 1817, a CLERICAL INSTITUTION was begun to 
 be established at SAINT BEES, by The Right Revd. GEORGE 
 HENRY LAW, D. D., Lord Bishop of CHESTER, for the 
 better instruction of those Candidates for Holy Orders, who 
 are precluded by their pecuniary circumstances in life, from 
 being able to avail themselves of the benefits of an UNIVER- 
 SITY Education. 
 
 The present Superintendant of THIS COLLEGE is, The 
 Revd. WILLIAM AINGER, who is the Perpetual Curate of 
 St. Bees ; and for whom, with 200. which His Lordship 
 has generously given to procure 300. from Queen Anne's 
 Bounty, a House will soon be built. The Earl of LONS- 
 DALE is very nobly fitting up a large Room in part of The 
 Old Abbey, as a READING-ROOM, where the young Gentle- 
 men will meet. They will board themselves in private 
 Houses. 
 
 All those who venerate the Excellence of THE ESTAB- 
 LISHED CHURCH, will cordially unite in their most grateful 
 acknowledgements to their Lordships for this truly pious and 
 benevolent design, and will hope with the good Bishop, to 
 see much GOOD done by THIS INSTITUTION, and that the 
 Students, who are denominated " Literates" will come better 
 prepared for Ordination, than has too often been the case, 
 for want of such assistance.
 
 170 CUMBERLAND. [GREAT BLENCOW. 
 
 GREAT BLENCOW, near PENRITH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at GREAT BLENCOW was 
 founded on the 7th of December, in the Nineteenth year of 
 QUEEN ELIZABETH, 1 r>77> by THOMAS BURBANK, out of 
 good will and affection towards this his native place. 
 
 The original Endowment was in land, situate at Pauler's 
 Pury, Geddington, and Brixworth, in the County of North- 
 ampton, and at Greystock, in Cumberland, of the annual 
 value of 10. The present amount is 196.; consisting 
 of an Estate at Brixworth, let for 1 50. per annum; another 
 at Culgaith, in Cumberland, let for 35. ; and a Rent- 
 Charge of 6. upon Yanwath Hall, an Estate belonging to 
 The Earl of LONSDALE, near Penrith ; and the School- 
 house, and garden. 
 
 There are no formal Statutes. The School is merely 
 termed A FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL ; and nothing is taught 
 but the Classics, upon the Foundation. Other branches of 
 education are paid for. 
 
 The School is said to be free " to all the World" upon 
 payment of Entrance money, which varies from One Shil- 
 ling to any other sum, at the pleasure of the Donor. The 
 number of Scholars fluctuates from 50 to 80 ; and of these 
 about 24 are boarded with the Master. They are admitted 
 as soon as they are able to begin Latin ; and are never 
 superannuated. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are chiefly used. 
 Young men frequently read the higher Classics, but are not 
 confined to particular books. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor Scholarships. The Stu- 
 dents usually go to Queen's College, Oxford. 
 
 The present Head Master is, Mr. JOHN STEPHENSON,
 
 GREAT BLENCOW.] CUMBERLAND. 117 
 
 whose Salary and Emoluments are the amount of the En- 
 dowment. This Gentleman takes Pupils, his Terms for the 
 board and education of each, being Thirty guineas per 
 annum. 
 
 The Second Master does not take Pupils. 
 
 The nomination of the Master is vested in Feoffees, who 
 are sometimes Eight (the proper number), but at present 
 only Three; 
 
 Sir FREDERICK FLETCHER VANE, Bart. 
 WILLIAM TROUTBECK, Esq. 
 THOMAS JAMES, Esq 
 
 As the Feoffees die, two of the Survivors, or the Heir of 
 the Survivor, shall make new Feoffments to others being 1 In- 
 habitants of Great Blencow or Little Blencow. 
 
 The Feoffees may sell the Northamptonshire lands, and 
 buy others in Cumberland or any adjoining County. 
 
 GEORGE WHITEHEAD, the eminent Quaker, was a Scholar 
 here, where he made a considerable proficiency in the 
 Learned languages. And the present Lord Chief Justice 
 of the King's Bench, EDWARD Lord ELLENBOROUGH, is said 
 to have received the early part of his education at this 
 School.
 
 172 CUMBERLAND. [BROMFIELD. 
 
 BROMFIELD, near WIGTON. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at BROMFIELD was founded by RICHARD 
 OSMOTHERLEY, Citizen and Mercer of London ; who, by his 
 Will dated the 7th of May Ui : 2, devises to the Parson and 
 Churchwardens of the Parish of Bromfield for the time 
 being, and for ever, Ten Pounds, payable by The Merchant 
 Taylors' Company, out of the rents and profits of his estate 
 in the Parish of St. Botolph Aldersgate, London ; upon 
 condition, that they shall find a sufficient Schoolmaster to 
 teach Fifteen poor men's children within the towns of Lang- 
 rigg and Bromfield ; nine of such Scholars to be taken from 
 Langrigg, and six from Bromfield. 
 
 Soon after this Endowment, tradition states, that the 
 Parishioners re-built the School-house ; and that, some years 
 after, Dr. < HOMLINSON, Dean of St. Paul's, built two rooms 
 for the use of the Schoolmaster ; and that another of the 
 THOMLINSON Family gave 100. to the School for the 
 benefit of the Parish at large, which sum, about Sixty 
 years since, was laid out by the Churchwardens in the pur- 
 chase of Two fields, one of them in the Township of Brom- 
 field, and the other in the Township of Blencogo in the 
 same Parish, now let for 9. per annum. 
 
 About the year 1805, Mr. THOMAS THOMLINSON, of 
 Newburn, in North Carolina, but a native of Thursby, near 
 Carlisle, by his Will dated in 17H, bequeathed the residue 
 of his estate, amounting to nearly 1400., to be equally 
 divided among the Schools of Wigton, Uldale, Bromfield, 
 and Thursby, all in the County of Cumberland, as an addi- 
 tional endowment to those respective Seminaries. After the 
 necessary expenses were deducted, each School received 
 about 350.
 
 BROMFIELD.] CUMBERLAND. 173 
 
 The present annual Revenue of Bromfield School is 
 The Interest on 350. - JE17..10..0 
 
 The Master's residence worth 2..10..0 
 
 Original endowment - - 10.. 0..0 
 
 The Rent of the two Fields - 9.. 0..0 
 
 39.. 0..0 
 
 The School is open to all the boys of the Parish, free of 
 expense. The number varies from 30 to 70, according to 
 the season. 
 
 WARD'S Grammars are used : but very few learn Latin 
 and Greek. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. THOMAS MARTIN, 
 who is also Curate of Bromfield.
 
 174 CUMBERLAND. [BURGH. 
 
 BURGH by SANDS, near CARLISLE. 
 
 THERE was a respectable GRAMMAR SCHOOL at BURGH by 
 SANDS up to the year 1786, being last taught by The Revd. 
 Mr. ISM AY, Vicar of the Parish ; after whose death it re- 
 mained without a Master. 
 
 It does not appear to have been endowed, but the Mas- 
 ter's Salary arose solely from the voluntary contributions of 
 the Parents of those Children, whom he educated. 
 
 The School-House was built to the end of the Parish 
 Church, and the succeeding Vicar not wishing to teach 
 School, and claiming the House as his property, converted 
 it into a Barn. 
 
 The Inhabitants were, therefore, under the necessity of 
 erecting a new School-house, and now appoint a Master of 
 their own choice ; who has a Salary, arising in part from a 
 small Capital of Funded Money, not exceeding 4. a year.
 
 CARLISLE.] CUMBERLAND. 175 
 
 CARLISLE. 
 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in the Parish of Saint Mary, in 
 the City of CARLISLE, was founded by King HENRF the 
 Eighth, being coeval with the establishment of The Dean 
 and Chapter, as appears by the following extract from their 
 STATUTES : 
 
 " Statuimus et volumus, ut per Decanum et Capitulum, aut 
 (eo absente) Vice-decanum et Capitulum, unus eligatur Latine 
 et Greece doctus, bona? famse, et vitae pis, docendi facultate im- 
 butus, qiii pueros quoscunque Grammaticam discendi gratia, ad 
 Scholam nostram confluentes pietate excolat, et bonis literis 
 exornet. Hie vero Infonnator puerorum regulis et discendi 
 ordini, quern Decanus et Capitulum prascribendum dixerint, di- 
 ligenter et fideliter obsequium dabit." 
 
 The original Endowment was 20 marks, which was after- 
 wards increased to 20. per annum, and is paid by The 
 Dean and Chapter. 
 
 The Corporation of Carlisle also give 20, per annum. 
 
 About the year 1700, Dr. THOMAS SMITH, Bishop of 
 Carlisle, gave 500. for the use of the School, which were 
 laid out in the purchase of an estate at Farmonby, in the 
 Parish of Addingham, in the County of Cumberland. 
 
 The School is not open to any boys, free of expense. 
 
 The Latin Grammars in use are those of LILLY and 
 ETON, the Greek Grammar is that of ETON. 
 
 Dr. THOMAS, Bishop of Rochester, left 1000. of his 
 capital Stock in the 3 per Cent. Reduced Bank Annuities, 
 the Dividends of which are to be applied to the use and 
 benefit of Two such sons of Clergymen of the Diocese of 
 Carlisle as shall, for the space of two years, have been 
 taught in, and sent from this School to Queen's College, in 
 Oxford, duly qualified for admission therein.
 
 176 CUMBERLAND. [CARLISLE. 
 
 The present Head Master is, SAMUEL RICHARD HART- 
 LEY, M. A. This Gentleman does not take Pupils. 
 
 Dr. THOMAS, late Bishop of Rochester, his father, 
 THOMAS TULLY, D. D., and the late Chancellor CAR- 
 LYLE, the learned Orientalist, were educated at this School.
 
 COCKERMOUTH.] CUMBERLAND. 
 
 COCKERMOUTH. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at COCKERMOUTH was founded in 
 the year 1676, by PHILIP Lord WHARTON, Sir RICHARD 
 GRAHAM, and others. 
 
 The original Endowment, it is stated, was considerably 
 more than what is paid at present. Some of the neighbour- 
 ing Gentlemen's estates, it is said, payed formerly 5. a 
 year each, which it seems have long been withftolden. 
 
 The Stipend which the present Master, Mr. JOSEPH 
 CHAPELHOW, receives, is about '25. per annum ; of which 
 20. are paid by the Earl of LONSDALE, 10. being gra- 
 tuitous, and 10. legally charged upon the Great Tythes : 
 for the remaining 5. a. collection is made on certain pre- 
 mises in Cockermouth, and Embleton an adjoining Town- 
 ship. 
 
 The School, as to the Classical department, is open to 
 the boys of the Town of Cockermouth indefinitely, free of 
 expense. But the major part of the Scholars are engaged 
 in Mathematics, and pay Quarter-pence according to the 
 Master's rate. 
 
 In the Catalogue of the School Library is the following 
 Memorandum, relative to Embleton. " Embleton Parish, 
 at every Scholar entering, to pay I2d., and a. fleece of 
 wool at clipping time, for each several Scholar, for which 
 they claim to \>efree at Cockermouth Grammar School." 
 
 The Library which is over the School-house, contains 
 about 500 valuable books : it was founded by the Associates 
 of the late Dr. BRAY, to which Dr. KEENE, Bishop of 
 Chester, was a considerable Benefactor. 
 
 VOL. i. N
 
 178 CUMBERLAND. [CROSTHWAITE. 
 
 CROSTHWAITE, near KESWICK. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at KESWICK, in the Parish 
 of CROSTHWAITE, is of ancient date. 
 
 It is mentioned in the Decree of the Commissioners for 
 Ecclesiastical Causes throughout the Province of York, da- 
 ted the 31st of October, 1571 : Wherein they state, 
 
 " And we having had consideration for the better maintaining 
 the Common and Free School at Crosthwaite, which we find to 
 be supported of the commodities accruing of and upon certain 
 Stock of money,, put forth to use in the said Parish, which sums 
 are not great, nor fully sufficient to maintain and support a 
 learned and industrious Schoolmaster there, have, for the en- 
 larging and increasing of the said Schoolmaster's Stipend and 
 Salary, Decreed, constituted, and ordained, That whereas every 
 Flrehouse within the said Parish of Crosthwaite hath, time out of 
 mind, and yet doth yield, and by the Inhabitants therein yearly 
 Two-pence is paid for the Clerk's wages, over and besides certain 
 ordinary Fees for Night Watch, Burials, Weddings, and over 
 and besides certain annual Benevolences of Lamb Wool, Eggs, 
 and such like, which seemeth to grow up to a greater sum 
 yearly than is competent for a Parish Clerk's wages and stipend, 
 the EIGHTEEN MEN of the said Parish shall this year, and so 
 forth yearly for ever hereafter, receive, collect, gather and take 
 up the said yearly contribution of Two-pence of every Firehouse, 
 to the use of the said Free School, and to the augmenting of 
 the School-master's stipend and salary, paying yearly, on the 
 Sunday next after the Feast of the Ascension, unto the Parish 
 Clerk, GAWIN RADCLIFFE, and his Successors, Forty-six Shillings 
 and Eight-pence lawful English money, for his wages, out of the 
 said contribution of Two-pence of every house, and employing 
 the remainder to the Schoolmaster's use ; whereof we will that 
 they yield a full account yearly, at their general accompts. And 
 yet, nevertheless, the Parish Clerk shall still yearly receive and 
 take to his own use, as he hath been accustomed heretofore, all 
 other duties, fees, and benevolences, saving only the contribution 
 of Two-pence, of every house, which we will the EIGHTEEN 
 MEN shall receive and pay out of the same yearly 46s.. 8c?, to 
 the Clerk, as is aforesaid."
 
 CBOSTHWAITB.] CUMBERLAND. 179 
 
 + 
 
 By an Inquisition taken at Keswick, on the ICth of Fe- 
 bruary, 16' 16, it appears, 
 
 " That there hath been a Grammar School within the Parish 
 of Crosthvvaite, in the County of Cumberland, time whereof the 
 memory of man knoweth not the contrary, and that for like 
 tune there hath always been by an ancient custom used and ap- 
 proved within the said Parish, EIGHTEEN MEN yearly elected, by 
 the preceding EIGHTEEN SWORN MEN within the said Parish, 
 of the discreet and honest men who were Parishioners and In- 
 habitants within the said Parish, and sworn by the Vicar or 
 Curate of the said Parish upon the next Sabbath day after the 
 Ascension day; which EIGHTEEN SWORN MEN for the time 
 being, or the greater number of them, have always elected a 
 certain number of Taskers within the said Parish, to task every 
 of the Parishioners to a reasonable sum, towards the mainte- 
 nance of the said School, School- Stock, and other necessary 
 occasions of the said Parish, who have been always sworn by 
 the said Vicar or Curate, for their equal preceding therein ; 
 And the said EIGHTEEN SWORN MEN, or the greater number of 
 them, likewise have always by prescription and ancient custom, 
 yea even time without memory, used and accustomed to choose, 
 place, and displace the Schoolmaster of the said School, and to 
 retain him for longer or shorter tune as they thought fit, and to 
 discharge and remove him upon any just reasons known to them- 
 selves, without cause shewing if in their discretions they so 
 Should think fit, and to set down Orders, Rules, and Direc- 
 tions for the government and ordering of the said School, and 
 provision and maintenance thereof as to them seemed most 
 convenient, and according to their wisdoms and directions ; 
 wherein the Bishop and Ordinary of the Diocese, his Commis- 
 sary, nor Chancellor, nor any other Ecclesiastical Ministers, 
 have not of right had any other interest, power, or authority 
 than by the Canons and Ecclesiastical Laws of this Realm is 
 lawfully permitted and generally allowed by the Ecclesiastical 
 Jurisdiction to other Ordinaries in thejr several Jurisdictions 
 over all the Schools in this Kingdom, to approve the ability 
 and fitness of the person elected to be Schoolmaster, for the 
 executing of that Office and Function only." 
 
 And the Jurors further found, 
 
 " That the same sum of money so given and collected hath 
 ever since the first gift thereof been employed and used accor- 
 dingly, by the provident care of the said EIGHTEEN SWORN MEN 
 for the Stipend and Wages of the said Schoolmaster of the said 
 School by them appointed, and thereby they have bred and
 
 180 CUMBERLAND. [CHOSTHWAITE. , 
 
 brought forth many good Scholars within the said Parish, until 
 now of late their ancient wage and prescription and their pru- 
 dent care hath been partly interrupted, and the said Charitable 
 gifts misemployed in this," that one THOMAS GARTH, whom 
 they had engaged to be School-master for one half year, had 
 incurred their displeasure " for divers gross offences and negli- 
 gences committed by him," and notwithstanding their discharge 
 had intruded himself into the School by the countenance and 
 assistance of HENRY Lord Bishop of CARLISLE, and GILES 
 ROBINSON, his Brother, then Vicar of Crosthwaite, who " pre- 
 tended to have the power of collation, placing, and displacing 
 of the Schoolmaster of the said School, without any right at all 
 appearing unto the said Jurors," which dispute was the occasion 
 of this Inquisition, and whereby it was decreed that the EIGH- 
 TEEN SWORN MEN of the Parish at that time," and from time 
 to time to be elected thereafter, shall be, as of right they are, 
 and ought to be for ever hereafter, the sole and only Governors 
 of the said School and School-Stock." 
 
 The only alterations that have taken place, since the date 
 of these Decrees, are the purchasing of land with the School 
 Stock, and the omission of taxation, and consequently of 
 Taxers. 
 
 The present Rental of the School land which is situate in 
 the Parish of Crosthwaite, is 100..10..0 per annum. 
 
 The School is open to all the Children of the Parish of 
 Crosthwaite indefinitely, free of any expense. They are 
 admitted at any age, and may remain as long as they please. 
 There are at present 260 Scholars upon the Books, six of 
 whom only are taught Latin and Greek. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are in use ; there is no prescribed 
 system of Education. 
 
 The present Head Master is, Mr. JOHN GREENOP, whose 
 Salary was lately 80. per annum. 
 
 The Salary of the Under-Master is 30. per annum. 
 
 Neither of the Masters takes Pupils. 
 
 The Cock-fights at this School, mentioned in HUTCHIN- 
 SON'S History of Cumberland, have been abolished. 
 
 WILLIAM BKOWNBIGG, M. D., an eminent Chymist, 
 had the principal part of his education at this School,
 
 CULGAITH, &c.] CUMBERLAND. 181 
 
 CULGAITH and BLENCARN, near TEMPLE SOWERBY. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of CULGAITH and BLEX- 
 CARX, in the Parish of Kirkland, was founded in the year 
 1775, by the Land-owners of the two Manors or Townships 
 of Culgaith and Blencarn, and endowed with an allotment 
 of One Hundred Acres of land upon Culgaith Moor, set out 
 by Commissioners, in pursuance of an Act of Parliament, 
 passed in 1773, for dividing and inclosing Waste lands 
 within that Township: 
 
 " The Trustees appointed to carry this judicious resolution 
 into effect, were WILLIAM NORTON, LOUGH CARLTON, an attor- 
 ney, of Monument Yard, London, THOMAS SALKELD, of Fleet- 
 Street, Dublin, JOSEPH SALKELD, of Wrangbeck, in the County 
 of Cumberland, Gentlemen, and their Successors, together with 
 THE VICAR of KIRKLAND, and THE CHURCH-WARDENS or CHA- 
 PEL-WARDENS of CULGAITH, for the time being : 
 
 The Trustees were to erect at a place, called " Blencarn Gate," 
 a proper House for a School of Literature, for the free and com- 
 mon use and benefit of all the Children within the Townships of 
 Culgaith and Blencarn. And by mortgage of all or any part of 
 these 100 acres, to raise a sum of money sufficient to erect a con- 
 venient Farm-house and other suitable Outbuildings upon the 
 same, to make necessary subdivision and interior fences, and 
 to apply the residue of the yearly rents and profits, after payment 
 of the interest of the Mortgage, to the use of such School-master 
 as shall teach in the said School-house: ; 
 
 The lands and houses assigned for the benefit of the School, 
 not to be let for a longer period than Fifteen years : 
 
 The accompts to be annually settled at the School-house, on 
 Easter Monday, and the Register Book to be deposited in the 
 public Chest in the Chapel of Culgaith : 
 
 The vacancies in the number of Trustees by death, to be filled 
 up at the same time, and " to declare the place or office of such 
 of the other Trustees as shall not have attended for Two years 
 together next preceding such Meeting, void," sickness or other 
 reasonable cause excepted, and to elect new Trustees in their 
 room: 
 
 That upon every vacancy of the Schoolmaster, or upon lu's
 
 182 CUMBERLAND. [CULGAITH, &c. 
 
 misbehaviour or non-attendance, the Trustees, or the major part 
 of them, are to nominate a new Master, public notice of such 
 Meeting being given in the Parish Church of Kirkland and Cha- 
 pel of Culgaith in the tune of Divine Service in the Forenoon, 
 two Sundays immediately preceding such Election : 
 
 The Vicar of Kirkland, for the time being, twice in the year 
 at least, to examine the Scholars instructed in the School, as to 
 their proficiency in such parts of Learning as they shall respec- 
 tively be taught, particularly as to the Rudiments of the Christian 
 Religion according to the Doctrine of the Church of England, 
 and in the Church Catechism set forth for that purpose, and to 
 order them, when to attend at the Parish Church of Kirkland to 
 be publicly catechised there, and also to order, what Authors or 
 Books they shall respectively read or be taught at the School : 
 
 No Scholars shall be taken in from any place, but Culgaith 
 and Blencarn, without the leave and consent of The Trustees at a 
 public Meeting for that purpose, first had in writing under their 
 hands, on pain of the Master forfeiting after the rate of 20*. per 
 annum for each and every Scholar so taken, to be deducted out 
 of his Salary by the Trustees, which forfeiture shall be applied 
 in the necessary repairs of the School-house, and other buildings, 
 or in the improvement of the lands, as the Trustees shall think 
 proper." 
 
 The Estate which was originally let for 4.0. per annum, 
 now produces 58. a year. 
 
 The School is open to Children whose Parents reside 
 within the Townships of Culgaith and Blencarn, indefinite- 
 \y>f ree f all expense. Few, except free Scholars, attend. 
 There is no particular form of admission, nor any limitation 
 as to age. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. JOHN HODGSON, 
 Curate of Kirkland, the amount of whose Salary and Emo- 
 luments is 40. per annum.
 
 DALSTON.] CUMBERLAND. 183 
 
 DALSTON, near CARLISLE. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at DALSTON appears to have been 
 founded at an early period. Part of the original " School 
 Stock"" is said to have been lost during the Rebellion in the 
 reign of CHARLES the First. An addition was made by 
 Dr. RAINBOW, Bishop of Carlisle, and others. It was at 
 first called " Church Stock" and it js not known how it arose. 
 It is now 110. 
 
 In the year 1 696 an additional Endowment was made by 
 Dr. SMITH. Bishop of Carlisle, according to the following 
 Indenture, 
 
 This Indenture Tripartite made the two and twentieth day of 
 March, in the Ninth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord 
 WILLIAM, by the grace of God, King of England, &c., Defender 
 of the Faith, &c., and in the year of our Lord God, 1696 : Be- 
 tween The Right Reverend Father in God THOMAS Lord Bishop 
 of Carlisle, of the first part, ROBERT THOMLINSON, of the Gill, 
 in the Parish of Dalston, in the County of Cumberland, Gentle- 
 man, of the second part : and JONATHAN GREEN, of Hawkes- 
 dale, within the said Parish and County, Gentleman, of the third 
 part : Whereas JOHN LOWTHER, of Cawsey, within the said 
 
 Parish and County, being seized in , according to 
 
 the custom of the Manor of Dalston, in the County aforesaid, of 
 and in a Copyhold Messuage and Tenement, with the Appurte- 
 nances, in Hawkesdale aforesaid, called New-hall, parcel of the 
 said Manor, and holden by Copy of Court Roll of the said Lord 
 Bishop, Lord of the aforesaid Manor, in right of his said Bishop- 
 ric, according to the Custom of the said Manor, by the Ancient 
 Rent of Two Shillings and Seven-pence, and other Dues and 
 Services accustomed, did murder one GEORGE BRISCOE, whereby 
 and by the Custom of the said Manor, he the said JOHN LOWTHER 
 did forfeit to the said Lord Bishop, his the said Copyhold Mes- 
 suage and Tenement, with the Appurtenances. And whereas the 
 said Lord Bishop of his pious and charitable disposition, and par- 
 ticular respect and good will and affection to his good men of 
 Dalston aforesaid, being desirous that all the Advantage, Bene- 
 fit, and Profits of the aforesaid forfeited Premises should for 
 ever be, remain, and continue for and towards the better finding
 
 184 CUMBERLAND. [DALSTON. 
 
 and maintenance of a Schoolmaster to instruct and teach the 
 Children of the said Parish of Dalston, in writing, reading, and 
 Latin Grammar ; And to that intent and purpose, and upon the 
 trust hereafter mentioned and declared, did, at his Court Baron 
 and Dimissions holden within and for his said Manor of Dalston 
 the Third Day of February last, grant by Copy of Court Roll ac- 
 cording to the Custom of the said Manor, the aforesaid Messuage 
 and Tenement, with the Appurtenances, forfeited as aforesaid, to 
 the said JONATHAN GREEN, party to these presents : Now this 
 Indenture witnesseth, that the true intent and meaning of the 
 said grant of the said forfeited Messuage and Tenement to the 
 said JONATHAN GREEN made by Copy of Court Roll as afore- 
 said, and of all the Parties thereto, was and is, and by these 
 presents is agreed and declared to be in trust for the sole benefit 
 of such Person or Persons as the said Lord Bishop and his Suc- 
 cessors, Bishops of Carlisle, shall from time to time nominate 
 and appoint to be Schoolmaster or Schoolmasters to teach and 
 instruct the Children of the said Parish of Dalston, in reading, 
 writing, and Latin Grammar, for and during such time and 
 times only as such Person and Persons shall be and continue 
 there. And the said JONATHAN GREEN for himself, his Heirs, 
 Executors, Administrators, and Assignes, doth covenant, grant, 
 promise, declare, and agree to and with the said Lord Bishop 
 and his Successors, Bishops of Carlisle, and to and with the said 
 ROBERT THOMLINSON and his Heirs, and to and with every of 
 them by these presents, that he the said JONATHAN GREEN, and 
 his Heirs, doth and shall hold the said Messuage and Tenement, 
 with the Appurtenances, upon the said trusts, and shall from 
 time, and at all times hereafter, permit and suffer such School- 
 master and Schoolmasters, or such Person or Persons as such 
 Schoolmaster or Schoolmasters respectively shall nominate and 
 appoint to have, hold, and enjoy the said Messuage and Tene- 
 ment, with the Appurtenances, and the Rents, Issues, and Profits 
 thereof, to take and receive to his and their own use and benefit, 
 for and during such Term and Terms, as such Schoolmaster and 
 Schoolmasters respectively shall continue and be Schoolmaster 
 there (such Schoolmaster) for the time being, Yielding, paying, 
 doing and performing the Rents, Duties, Customs, Services 
 therefore due and accustomed, and keeping the said Messuage in 
 good and tenantable repair, and also paying and discharging all 
 Taxes and Sesses whatsoever charged upon the said Premises, for 
 and during such time as he shall continue Schoolmaster there. 
 And shall and will also at the joint request of the Lord Bishop 
 of Carlisle for the time being, and of the said ROBERT THOMLIX- 
 SON and his Heirs, and at the charges of such Schoolmasters as 
 aforesaid for the time being, convey, grant and surrender the
 
 DALSTON.] CUMBERLAND. 185 
 
 said Messuage and Tenement, with the Appurtenances, and all 
 his and their Estate therein, unto such Person and Persons, as 
 the said Lord Bishop and ROBERT THOMLINSON or his heirs, 
 shall nominate and appoint, subject nevertheless to the aforesaid 
 trust, and for the perpetual maintenance of such Schoolmaster and 
 Schoolmasters as aforesaid, according to the true intent and 
 meaning of the said Lord Bishop, party to these Presents. In 
 Witness whereof the Parties abovesaid have hereunto interchange- 
 ably put their Hands and Seals in the Day and Year first above 
 written. 
 Testes, 
 
 WILLIAM GRAHAM, D. D., Dean of Carlisle. 
 
 Jo. WALKER, Vicar of Dalston. 
 
 Jo. PROCTER, Vicar of Bromfield. 
 
 JOHN LANGSTAFFE. 
 
 Jo. NICHOLSON, Not. Pub. 
 
 In the year 1803, an Act of Parliament having been 
 obtained for inclosing the Moors and Waste grounds, within 
 the Manor of Dalston, the Commissioners were empowered 
 to set out such an Allotment, " as they in their judgment 
 may think proper and sufficient for erecting a Parochial 
 WORKHOUSE upon, for the use of the said Parish, which 
 said plot or parcel of ground shall be allotted to and vested 
 in the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of the said 
 Parish of Dalston, and their Successors for ever, for the use 
 and purpose aforesaid." 
 
 And also, " one other parcel of the said Waste Grounds, 
 of such quantity and in such a situation as they may deem 
 proper and convenient for erecting a SCHOOL HOUSE upon, 
 for the Education of the Children of the Inhabitants and 
 Land Owners of and within the said Manor and Parish of 
 Dalston, and also for erecting a Dwelling House with a Gar- 
 den thereto, for the Residence of the Schoolmaster for the 
 time being, which last-mentioned parcel of ground shall be 
 vested in the said Lord Bishop of Carlisle, and his Successors, 
 for the use aforesaid. 11 
 
 A Cottage, barn, and about 8 acres were accordingly pro- 
 vided, which now let for 30. a year.
 
 186 CUMBERLAND. [DALSTON. 
 
 The School is open to all the Children of the Parish of 
 Dalston, but to none of them, free of expense, a small Quar- 
 ter-pence being paid for each Child. For those Children 
 whose Parents are not Parishioners, the Master charges what 
 he pleases. There are usually from 60 to 90 boys and girls 
 in the School. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used; but 
 very few are taught the Classics. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. THOMAS STUBBS, who has 
 the allotment above mentioned ; together with the Interest 
 of the School Stock and Quarter-pence, which average about 
 70. or 80.; leaving to the Master after paying an Assist- 
 ant, and after some ether deductions, about 70. or 80. 
 per annum. 
 
 The School-house which was built by Bishop SMITH, 
 being old and much too small, was lately pulled down ; and 
 an excellent School-house has been erected by Subscription.
 
 DEAN.] CUMBERLAND. 187 
 
 DEAN, near COCKERMOUTH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at DEAN was founded in the 
 year 159G, by JOHN Fox, Goldsmith, with a Rent-charge 
 of 10. per annum. 
 
 The Inhabitants recommend, and The Goldsmiths' Com- 
 pany appoint the Master. 
 
 There was a Benefaction also given to this School by the 
 family of FEARON, but part of it having been lost, it pro- 
 duces now only 0..l'J..6 a year.
 
 188 CUMBERLAND. [HUNSONBY. 
 
 HUNSONBY, near PENRITH. 
 
 THE SCHOOL at HUNSONBY, in the Parish of Addingham, 
 was founded by JOSEPH HUTCHISTSON, of this Township, 
 Yeoman; who, by his Will dated in 1726, devised the 
 reversion of an Estate at Gawtrce (on the deatli of his 
 mother), for the support of a School, for the benefit of the 
 Township of Hunsonby and Windscale. As Mrs. HUTCH- 
 INSON survived her son some years, the endowment has been 
 appropriated to the use of the School only about Fifty years. 
 
 The original Endowment, which was about 20., is now 
 50. per annum. This property is vested in the Church- 
 warden and Overseer of the Township of Hunsonby and 
 Windscale for the time being, who appoint the Master, let 
 the lands, and otherwise superintend the concerns of the 
 School. 
 
 The School is open to the Children of the Township of 
 Hunsonby and Windscale indefinitely, free of expense. And 
 the number usually educated, is from 20 to 30. 
 
 Neither Latin nor Greek are taught at present, English, 
 writing, and arithmetic being principally required. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. JOSEPH LANCASTER, whose 
 Salary is 50. per annum.
 
 MAUGHANBY.] CUMBERLAND. 189 
 
 MAUGHANBY, near PENRITH. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at MAUGHANBY, in the Parish of Ad- 
 dingham, was founded in the year 1634, by The Revd. 
 EDWARD MAYPLETT, Prebendary of Carlisle, and Vicar of 
 Addingham; and endowed with a House, and about Seventy 
 acres of land, then of the annual value of 10., but now let 
 for 70. Half of the Estate is Customary land, holden under 
 the Manor of Melmerby, and subject to Fines on the death of 
 the Lord or Tenant, which have been paid by the Master. 
 There is no Dwelling-house at present. 
 
 The Deed of Trust is supposed to be lost. And the 
 Trustees not having been renewed, from some cause now 
 unknown, the appointment of the Master has been in the 
 See of CARLISLE for more than a century past. 
 
 By an original Bond, dated in 1 676, with Sureties to the 
 Trustees by the Master at his Election, it appears, that 
 
 The Master " shall with his Scholars frequent the Church 
 diligently upon the Lord's Day : 
 
 " Shall carefully instruct his Scholars in the principles of 
 Religion, especially in the Catechism of the Church of England : 
 And 
 
 " Shall faithfully instruct his Scholars, both in the English and 
 Latin Tongues, according to their capacity." 
 
 The School is open to the Children (Boys and Girls) of 
 the Parish indefinitely, free of expense. The number 
 usually educated is from SO to 40 : but they are irregular 
 in their attendance, especially during the hay and corn har- 
 vests. They are admitted as soon as they know the Alpha- 
 bet, and remain as long as their Parents think proper. 
 
 The Inhabitants are chiefly small Farmers, Mechanics, 
 and Labourers. 
 
 The WESTMINSTER Latin and Greek Grammars are in
 
 190 CUMBERLAND. [MAUGHANBY. 
 
 use, when 'Latin or Greek is required : but at present very 
 few are educated for Professions: English, writing, and 
 arithmetic, are principally taught. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. JOSEPH BAKDGETT, whose 
 Salary is ?Q. per annum t and no other emoluments.
 
 PEXRITH.] CUMBERLAND. 191 
 
 PENRITH. 
 
 THE FEEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at PENRITH is of very ancient 
 date; as it appears, that there was a School under the 
 patronage of The Bishop of Carlisle, so early as the year 
 1340. 
 
 In the nineteenth year of King RICHARD the Second, 1395, 
 WILLIAM DE STRICKLAND, afterwards Bishop of Carlisle, 
 founded a Chantry within this Church, and gave for the 
 perpetual support of the Priest who instructed the youth in 
 the liberal arts of Grammar and Music, the yearly Salary of 
 6'., issuing out of his lands in " Penreth." 
 
 This Chantry being dissolved in the first year of the reign 
 of EDWARD the Sixth, 1547, the revenue came into the 
 Bang's Exchequer, and was paid to the Crown until the sixth 
 year of Queen ELIZABETH, 15fi4, when Her Majesty, at the 
 instance of her Secretary Sir THOMAS SMITH, then Dean of 
 Carlisle, granted a Charter, in ample form, for the establish- 
 ment of a Free Grammar School, in this her Seigniory and 
 chief Town within the Forest of Inglewood, and endowed it 
 with the said G. per annum, for the support of a Master 
 and Usher. 
 
 For the due government of the School, FIVE of the most 
 discreet and substantial Inhabitants of the Parish are consti- 
 tuted a Body Corporate, with perpetual succession, who have 
 power to place or displace the Master, to regulate the 
 orders and discipline of the School, and to see that it's 
 possessions and revenues are neither lost nor dilapidated. 
 
 In 1633, Sir JOHN LOWTHER conveyed to Mr. WILLIAM 
 WHELPDALE some seats under Archer's Hall or TTie Old 
 Cross, valued at \..6s.,8d. per annum, for the benefit of 
 the School; which sum was aftenvards increased to Two
 
 192 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 guineas, but by the subsequent removal of The Cross this 
 sum has been lost. 
 
 Sir JOHN LOWTHER likewise gave a large piece of ground, 
 called Ling Stiibbs, which being afterwards sold, the School 
 at present receives only a Quit-rent of 20s. per annum. 
 
 Moreover, from some unfortunate circumstance in the tune 
 of the Civil Wars, the ancient estate of the School was soon 
 afterwards stated to be in danger of being lost. 
 
 In the year 1661, Mr. WILLIAM ROBINSON, Citizen and 
 Grocer of London, charged his property in Grub Street with 
 the annual payment of 10. to the School. 
 
 In 1782, WILLIAM BLEAMIRE, Esq., many years a 
 Magistrate at the Police Office in Hatton Garden, gave a 
 rent charge of 5. per annum to the School ; and 1 . to the 
 Vicar, for preaching a Sermon upon Education. 
 
 And, as a motive for emulation, the same benevolent 
 Gentleman, also gave a further annual rent charge for the 
 purpose of providing a Silver Medal of one inch and a 
 quarter diameter, to be delivered at Christmas by the Master, 
 to such one of his Scholars as should in his judgement com- 
 pose the best Latin verses or Theme on a proposed subject ; 
 and to provide a Silver Pen, for the greatest proficient in 
 writing; and a Book of Arithmetic, for the best Arithme- 
 tician ; the residue, if any, to be retained by the Master for 
 his own benefit. 
 
 The School is open to all the boys of the Parish indefi- 
 nitely, but to none free of expense ; as a Quarter-Pence is 
 charged to every one. There is no prescribed age for their 
 admission, nor for their removal. The present number is 
 Thirty. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used. 
 
 This School is entitled, with other Cumberland Schools, 
 to one of Lady ELIZABETH HASTINGS'S valuable Exhibi- 
 tions at Queen's College, Oxford. 
 
 See, Leeds.
 
 PENRITH.] CUMBERLAND. 193 
 
 The present Head Master is, Mr. THOMAS BEWSHER, 
 whose Salary is about 21. per annum; his other emolu- 
 ments are very uncertain. This Gentleman takes Pupils, his 
 Terms, for the board and education of each, being Thirty- 
 five guineas a year. 
 
 The Revd. Mr. BLAIN, when Master, had Mr. RITSON 
 for his Pupil. 
 
 The Common Seal is lost. 
 
 VOL. i. O
 
 194 CUMBERLAND. [PLUMBLAXD. 
 
 PLUMBLAND, near COCKERMOUTH. 
 
 THE FEEE SCHOOL at PLUMBLAND was founded by 
 Captain JOHN SIBSON, Merchant, a Native of this Parish ; 
 who, by his Will, dated the 29th of June, 1759, bequeathed 
 a sum of money for the building of a School-house, and 
 likewise for the Endowment of the same. 
 
 This Bequest was not to take place until after his Wife^s 
 decease, which happened in the year 17^7* an ^, in 1798, 
 the Foundation was effected. 
 
 The Endowment, which is vested in the Public Funds, is 
 80. per annum ; in the names of certain Gentlemen, called 
 GOVERNORS, of whom one is President. 
 
 The School is open to all Boys, and Girls, living in the 
 Parish, free of expense; subject to several Regulations, 
 described in the Will. 
 
 The number of Scholars admitted upon the Foundation 
 are about Forty-five. And about the same number are 
 taught, who are not free to the School. 
 
 No age is specified, when Boys may be admitted. 
 
 No boys, not free to the School, are admitted without 
 leave from The President and Governors, by whom Two 
 Masters are nominated. 
 
 The present GOVERNORS are 
 The Revd. EDWARD STANLEY, Rector of the Parish, 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 JOHN C. CORWEN, Esq., M. P., of Workington-Hall. 
 JOHN CHRISTIAN, Esq., of Urierigg-Hall. 
 The Revd. PETER How, Rector of Workington and Isell. 
 
 The ETON Latin Grammar, and the WESTMINSTER Greek 
 Grammar, are in use. 
 
 The School-house, which was erected in the year 1800, 
 contains two School-rooms, each 42 feet by 28 ; one of them
 
 PLUMBIAND.] CUMBERLAND. 195 
 
 being for The Classics ; and the other, for English, Writ- 
 ing, and Accompts, the Mathematics, &c. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM 
 PATTINSON, whose Salary is 40. per annum. This 
 Gentleman takes Pupils, his annual charge for the Board 
 and Education of each, being Twenty-eight guineas, and 
 half a guinea Entrance. He also holds a Curacy at present 
 in an adjoining Parish; 
 
 The Founder of this excellent School directs, that Prayers, 
 and an Exposition of the New Testament, shall form part of 
 die duty of each day.
 
 196 CUMBERLAND. [THURSBY. 
 
 THURSBY, near CARLISLE. 
 
 THE School-house at Thursby was built by the principal 
 Inhabitants of this Township, by Subscription, about Eighty 
 years ago. 
 
 There is no original Endowment. But, about the year 
 1802, Mr. THOMAS THOMLINSON, of Newburn, in North 
 Carolina, Merchant, and a Native of Thursby, left, by his 
 Will bearing date in 1798, the sum of 354. to this School ; 
 which is now lent on interest to Sir WASTELL BRISCO, Bart., 
 of Crofton Hall, for the use of the Master. No private 
 Security should ever be taken. See the great increase of a 
 much less Endowment at Ulflale. 
 
 The School is open to all the Children of the Parishioners 
 and others, on their paying a small Quarter-pence. There 
 are usually from 40 to 50 Boys and Girls in the Winter 
 and Spring ; and from 30 to 40 in the Summer and Autumn. 
 
 WARD'S Latin and Greek Grammars are used : but very 
 few are taught the Classics; the Education in. general being 
 reading, writing, and arithmetic. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. JOHN MASON, whose 
 emoluments are about 25. per annum. He is also Curate 
 of the Parish.
 
 ULDALE.] CUMBERLAND. 197 
 
 ULDALE, near KESWICK. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at ULDALE was founded in the 
 year 1726, by MATTHEW CALDBECK, of Ruthwaite, in the 
 Parish of Ireby, for the instruction of the children of the 
 Parishioners in the rudiments of Grammar, and other use- 
 ful Learning, and in the principles of the Christian Religion 
 according to the Doctrine of the Church of England. 
 
 For it's Endowment Mr. CALDBECK left 100., upon this 
 condition, that the Parishioners should raise 100. more, 
 which accordingly was done, and the two sums were invested 
 in different parcels of Freehold land, part of which is situate 
 in the parish of Uldale, and part in the Parish of Ireby, and 
 are at this time let for 31. . 9. .0 per annum. Such of the 
 Parishioners as were Subscribers, are free to the School, as 
 are also the Children of such poor persons, as the Trustees 
 for the time being, or the major part of them, shall think 
 fit. The present number of Scholars is about Fifty. 
 
 The Master is chosen by SEVEN TRUSTEES, there being 
 Two in each of the Three divisions, and the Rector for the 
 time being is always one ; upon the death or alienation of 
 any of the Trustees, another is chosen by a majority of the 
 Survivors. 
 
 Mr. THOMLINSON, a Benefactor, taught the Grammar 
 School at Uldale upwards of Seven years, with great credit 
 to himself, and satisfaction to all his employers. 
 
 WARD'S Latin and Greek Grammars are used. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. THOMAS BECK. 
 
 See, Bromfield.
 
 198 CUMBERLAND. [WHITCHAM and MILLOM. 
 
 WHITCHAM and MILLOM, near BOOTLK. 
 
 IT is not clearly ascertained, who was the Founder of the 
 GKAMMAR SCHOOL of WHITCHAM and MILLOM. 
 
 In the Chancery Suit between the Inhabitants of these 
 two Parishes, which continued from 1687 to 161)1, it was 
 contended by the Inhabitants of Millom, that the School 
 had been endowed by one of the Kings of England, prior to 
 the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, whereas it was insisted 
 upon by the Inhabitants of Whitcham, that the School 
 had been endowed by a person of the name of " HODGSON," 
 a native of Whitcliam. 
 
 The probability is, that the Inhabitants of Whitcham 
 were in the right, because as the Parish of Millom both in 
 extent and in population is six times greater than the Parish 
 of Whitcham, it is not likely the School would have been 
 called " WHITCHAM and MILLOM SCHOOL," unless the 
 Founder had been born in the Parish of Whitcham. 
 
 However that may be, it appears from a Decree, in the 
 year 1 5 I*', that [6. a year were then ordered to be paid 
 annually out of the Revenues of the Crown in the County 
 of Cumberland, remaining ^vith the Auditor of the County. 
 And it is a certain fact, that that sum has been regularly 
 paid by the Auditor of the Revenues of the County of Cum- 
 berland, from the year 1540 until the present time. 
 
 There has been no subsequent Endowment ; and, until 
 within the last Thirty years, the Master never received 
 any Quarter-Pence, or any other emolument for instructing 
 the Children born within either of these Parishes, excepting 
 a gratuitous offer, entirely at the option of the Parents of 
 the Children, called a " Cock-Penny* at Shrovetide. 
 
 The necessaries of life having, however, considerably 
 increased in value, and the 16. a year remaining as it did 
 during the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, have brought about
 
 WHITCHAM and MILLOM.] CUMBERLAND- 199 
 
 an amicable arrangement between the Schoolmaster and the 
 Inhabitants of the two Parishes ; in consequence of which ? 
 the Parents of both Parishes pay for each of their Children 
 4s. a Quarter for reading English alone, and 16'*. a Quar- 
 ter for writing, arithmetic, and Classics, in order to aug- 
 ment the Stipend of 1 6. to about 50. per annum. 
 
 The right of electing, or of removing the Master, is vested 
 in Twelve Trustees, Six out of each Parish, of whom the 
 Rector of the Parish Church of Whitcham, and the Vicar 
 of the Parish Church of Millom, are always Two. 
 
 The WESTMINSTER Latin and Greek Grammars are 
 used ; and the WESTMINSTER system of Education is pur- 
 sued. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor any University advantages, 
 belonging to this School. 
 
 When the Boys leave this School, they generally go to 
 St. Bees, Hawkshead, Carlisle, or Appleby, and from 
 thence, to Queen's College, Oxford, or St. John's College, 
 Cambridge. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. JOSEPH LOWTHER, who does 
 not take Pupils. 
 
 Many eminent men have received the first rudiments of 
 their Education at this School, especially, The Revd. 
 JOHN POSTLETHWAITE, Head Master of ST. PAUL'S School ; 
 who died in 1713 and left a Legacy of upwards of 
 2000., for the purchase of a Vicarage House and Glebe 
 for the use of the Vicar of Millom, where he was born. 
 
 The only eminent Man, of late years, who maybe said 
 to have completed his Education at this School, is the late 
 JOHN POSTLETHWAITE, Esq., who died atKendal on the 15th 
 of March, 1815. This truly benevolent Gentleman prac- 
 tised as an able and upright Attorney at Kendal, for more 
 than FIFTY years ; " his whole life was employed in doing 
 goody and in administering comfort to the poor and dis- 
 tressed;" In his last Will, after having left Legacies to
 
 200 CUMBERLAND. [WHITCHAM and MILLOM. 
 
 Twenty-four of his Relations, he gave to The British 
 and Foreign Bible Society 500., to The Blue Coat 
 School in Kendal 250., to The Widows Hospital in 
 Kendal 250., and to The Schools of Industry in Kendal 
 250.
 
 WIGTON.] CUMBERLAND. 201 
 
 WIGTON, near CARLISLE. 
 
 THE FEEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WIGTON was founded 
 and endowed in the year 1730, by ROBERT THOMLINSON, 
 D. D., Rector of Wickham, and The Revd. JOHN THOM- 
 LINSON, M, A., his Brother, and Rector of Rothbury, in 
 the County of Northumberland. 
 
 Dr. THOMLINSON gave 126. towards the building of the 
 School, and endowed it with 20. per annum, which arises 
 from a Rent-charge upon the estate of Haughton Castle, in 
 Northumberland, now belonging to WILLIAM SMITH, Esq. 
 The Revd. JOHN THOMLINSON gave 100. towards the 
 Endowment of it. 
 
 And the following Gentlemen were liberal Benefactors 
 towards the building of the School, 
 
 JONATHAN WATSQN, Esq., of London, - 50. 
 Mr. FRANCIS GRAINGER, Merchant, in London, 20. 
 Mr. THOMAS GRAINGER, of London, 10. 
 
 Mr. AMBROSE WILSON, of London, - 5. 
 
 The Revd. HENRY GEDDKS, Vicar of Wigton, - 5. 
 And about One hundred and fifty Tenements in Wigton, 
 and the adjoining Parishes, were made free to the School, by 
 the Proprietors contributing to the building of it, about 
 l..5..<. each/ 
 
 About the year 1800, Mr. JOHN ALLISON, of London, 
 Merchant, who was educated here, left by Will 1000. in 
 the Three per Cent. Consols, the Interest of which was 
 ordered to be equally divided between the Master and Usher, 
 for each teaching Two poor Boys (not free to the School), 
 gratis, and to be nominated by his Relation, Mr. CHAM- 
 BERS, of Aspatria, and his Hen's. 
 
 Since that time, Mr. THOMAS THOMLINSON, of Newburn, 
 in North Carolina, who was a Native of Thursby in this
 
 202 CUMBERLAND. [WIGTON. 
 
 County, and educated here, left by his Will dated in 1798, 
 the Sum of 355., the Interest of which is paid in the ratio 
 of three-fifths to the Master, and two-fifths to the Usher : 
 And also 60. to the Poor of Wigton, and 100. to a Book- 
 Club in this Town. See, Bromfield. 
 
 The whole amount of the original and subsequent Endow- 
 ments is now 70. per annum. 
 
 The number of Boys generally taught, is from 70 to 80 ; 
 one half of which may be said to loefree. 
 
 The Greek Grammars commonly used are those of WEST- 
 MINSTER, VALPY, and HOLMES; and the'Latin, are those 
 of ETON, and HOLMES. There are no particular Books pre- 
 scribed by The Founders. The only ORDERS and RULES 
 which they have left, are the following, 
 
 " ORDERS for THE FREE SCHOOL of WIGTON, in the 
 County of Cumberland, and Diocese of Carlisle, agreed 
 upon and settled by THE FOUNDERS of the said School. 
 
 First, There shall be Two Masters, or a Master and Usher. 
 The Head Master shall be obliged to observe the usual School 
 hours, to inspect the behaviour of all the Scholars, and to teach 
 in Latin and Greek, gratis, the Children of all such, as by con- 
 tributing to the building of the School, have made their Houses 
 free. And that the School may not be burdened with a number 
 of Foreigners, he shall not teach any but who are free, for a less 
 sum than 5s. per Quarter. 
 
 Secondly, The Under-Master shall be obliged to keep due 
 hours in his attendance on the School, and he shall teach all the. 
 Children of such as are free, to read, write, and cypher ; and 
 those that intend to advance to the Head Master, he shall teach 
 them the Accidence, and all these, gratis ; nor shall he take any 
 Foreigners under his care for less Premium than 2s. 6d. per 
 Quarter, or any whatever until they can read the Testament. 
 
 Thirdly, Both Masters shall every Saturday cause their respec- 
 tive Boys to say their Catechism, and explain it to them, so as to 
 make them understand it. 
 
 Fourthly, Both Masters shall be obliged to attend the public 
 Prayers on Wednesdays, and Fridays, and all Holy- days, and 
 cause all the Scholars to attend with them. 
 
 Fifthly, Whenever a Vacancy happens, the Head Master and
 
 WIGTON.] CUMBERLAND. 203 
 
 Usher are to be elected by a majority of Votes of all such as are 
 free to the School and appear to that purpose, when due notice 
 of their Meeting hath been given in the Church." 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOSEPH HALLI- 
 FAX, whose Salary is 42. per annum, together with the 
 House and garden. This Gentleman takes a limited number 
 of Pupils, his terms for the Board, Lodging^ and Education 
 of each, being Thirty guineas per annum: and for such Day- 
 scholars as are not free, his Quarter Pence is l..l..O. 
 
 The Salary of the Usher is 28. per annum. 
 
 The School, with the Master's House, are beautifully 
 situate on a considerable eminence, called " MarJcet-Hiil 
 and have a fine Terrace in front. The Windows are large, 
 with each a stone mullion in the centre, and the whole has a 
 respectable and antique appearance. A neat mural monu- 
 ment placed in the centre of the School, with the following 
 Inscription, attracts general notice, 
 
 " Deo et Ecclesiae Angliae Sacrae 
 
 Scholam hanc vir Reverendus 
 ROBERTUS THOMLINSON, S. T. P., 
 posuit L. M., anno Domini 1730." 
 
 This School being within seven miles of THE Bishop of 
 CARLISLE'S Palace, has, perhaps, sent as many Candidates 
 for Holy Orders as any School in the Diocese ; and to it's 
 Honour and deserved Merit, none were ever sent who, upon 
 Examination, were rejected.
 
 204 CUMBERLAND. [WREAY. 
 
 WREAY, near CARLISLE. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL of WREAY, in the Parish of St. Mary, 
 Carlisle, has been long established. 
 
 The Chapel of Wreay having been totally neglected at 
 the Reformation, Twelve Proprietors in the neighbourhood, 
 styling themselves Trustees for the Chapelry, took upon 
 themselves the direction of all affairs within the Hamlet, and 
 converted the Chapel into a School-House. 
 
 In a Petition, without date, addressed to EDWARD RAIN- 
 BOW, Bishop of Carlisle, between the years 166 A and 1684, 
 the Trustees apologize for cutting down some old Trees 
 which grew in the Chapel-yard, in order to augment their 
 Chapel Stock, " which had been much diminished, 1 ' and 
 they also complain of a person teaching School in a neigh- 
 bouring Village to the " impoverishment of their School, and 
 discouragement of their School-Master. 1 ' 
 
 The original School Stock which was 40., remains the 
 same. 
 
 A School-house was built in 1751. 
 
 The Trustees appoint the Master. 
 
 JOHN BROWN, Esq., of Me Iguards^ bequeathed .200. to 
 the School ; with the major part of which JOHN LOSH, Esq., 
 of Woodside, his heir, in 1764, purchased land adjoining to 
 the School-house, and the remainder is in the hands of his 
 Grand-daughters, Misses SARAH and CATHERINE LOSH, 
 who generously intend to legalize Mr. BROWN'S Will, which 
 was invalidated by the Mortmain Act. But notwithstand- 
 ing that circumstance, the Master has regularly and honour- 
 ably been paid all the emoluments. 
 
 Let those who, under similar circumstances, have seized 
 upon the Estate of the School at WEST BURTON, in York- 
 shire, founded and endowed by JOHN SADLER, and those
 
 WBEAY.] CUMBERLAND. 205 
 
 also who so greatly profited by ifs tuition, and who now look 
 upon the transaction with cold indifference, BLUSH at their 
 improper conduct, and hasten to restore that once celebrated 
 Seminary to it's just rights and former distinction. 
 
 The School is open to all indefinitely. 
 
 The Grammars, and the System of Education, are left to 
 the Master's discretion. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. PATRICK FRANCIS DORAN, 
 whose Salary and Emoluments are about 35. per annum. 
 
 A singular donation was made by a Mr. GRAHAM, of a 
 Silver Bell, weighing two ounces, upon which is engraven 
 " Wrey Chappie, \ 655," to be "fought for annually on Shrove 
 Tuesday by Cocks. 11 About three weeks previous to that 
 day, the boys fixed upon Two of their School-fellows for 
 CAPTAINS, whose parents were able and willing to bear the 
 expense of the approaching contest, and the Master on his 
 entering the School was saluted by the boys throwing up 
 their hats, and the acclamation of " Dux, Dux? After an 
 early dinner on Shrove Tuesday the two Captains, attended 
 by their Friends and School-fellows who were distinguished 
 by blue and red Ribbons, marched in procession from their 
 respective homes to the Village Green, when each produced 
 Three Cocks, and the Bell was appended to the hat of the 
 Victor, in which manner it was handed down from one 
 successful Captain to another. 
 
 About thirty years since, this barbarous custom was su- 
 perseded by a " HUNT," a Mayor being annually elected, 
 and the Bell graces his rod of office. A Hat is given to the 
 boys, under fifteen, to be run for, and each of the compe- 
 titors receives a proportionate reward. 
 
 WREAY HUNT from the rst obtained, and still maintains 
 that degree of celebrity, to which " Captain Battles" 1 had no 
 pretension.
 
 206 
 
 DERBY. 
 
 [ASHBORXE, 
 
 ASHBORNE. 
 
 THE FREE GEAMMAE SCHOOL in ASHBORNE was founded 
 in the Twenty-Seventh year of Queen ELIZABETH, by Let- 
 ters Patent dated the 15th of July, 1585, on the petition of 
 Sir THOMAS COKAINE, Knight, of Ashborne, in the County 
 of Derby, WILLIAM BEADBOENE, of Lee, in the same 
 County, Esquire, THOMAS CAETER, of the Middle Temple, 
 London, Gentleman, THOMAS HUETE, and WILLIAM JACK- 
 SON, of Ashborne, Gentlemen, and other Inhabitants of the 
 same Town, who were desirous of founding and establishing
 
 ASHBOBNE.] DERBY. 207 
 
 a Free Grammar School there, for the better instruction, 
 and education of the Youth of the neighbouring country ; 
 Whereupon her Majesty grants, that there shall be a Gram- 
 mar School in Ashborne, for the education of boys and 
 youth in Grammar and other good Learning, to be called 
 " THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of Queen ELIZABETH in 
 the Vill of ASHBORNE, in the County of Derby ;" to have 
 one Master who shall be a Master of Arts, and an Under- 
 Master : 
 
 That there shall be THREE discreet and honest Men, to 
 be GOVERNORS of the Revenues of the School, and Twelve 
 ASSISTANTS to the said Governors in the management of 
 their possessions : 
 
 The THREE first GOVERNORS to be THOMAS COKAINE, 
 Gentleman, son of Sir THOMAS COKAINE, Knight, JOHN 
 ALSOPPE, of Alsoppe in the Dale, Gentleman, and ROBERT 
 HURTE, Vicar of the Parish Church of Ashborne : 
 
 The TwELVE^rotf ASSISTANTS to be ROBERT WHITHALL, 
 Gentleman, THOMAS ALSOPPE, of Alsoppe in the Dak, 
 Gentleman, ROGER HURTE, JOHN CLOVES, Senior, GEORGE 
 JACKSON, NICHOLAS HURTE, GERVASE PRINCE, ANDREW 
 MILWARD, JACOB MILWAUD, ROBERT HOLLIS, RALPH 
 BURCHE, and RICHARD RADCLYKFE, Parishioners of Ash- 
 borne: 
 
 The Governors, and Assistants, and their Successors, to 
 be a Body Corporate : 
 
 On the death of a Governor, or his removal out of the 
 Parish, or his being otherwise removed, the other Governors 
 and Assistants, or the major part of them, with the advice 
 and consent of Sir THOMAS COKAINE, WILLIAM BRAD- 
 BORNE, THOMAS CARTER, THOMAS HURTK, and WILLIAM 
 JACKSON, or their Heirs male lawfully begotten, or the 
 major part of them if any of them shall then be living, and 
 not otherwise, shall chooSe a new Governor out of the Assist- 
 ants:
 
 208 DERBY. [ASHBORNE. 
 
 But if Sir THOMAS COKAINE, WILLIAM BRADBORNE, 
 THOMAS CARTER, THOMAS HURTE, and WILLIAM JACK- 
 SON, or their Heirs male should not be living, the Governors 
 and Assistants may elect as aforesaid : 
 
 The like rule to be observed, for filling up vacancies in 
 the Assistants " ex discretioribus et magis idoneis viris" of 
 the Parish of Ashborne : 
 
 These vacancies to be filled up- within a month, otherwise 
 THE BISHOP of COVENTRY and LICHFIELD may appoint a 
 Governor out of the Assistants, and an Assistant out of the 
 Inhabitants : 
 
 Sir THOMAS COKAINE, WILLIAM BRADBORNE, THOMAS 
 CARTER, THOMAS HURTE, and WILLIAM JACKSON, or the 
 Survivors or Survivor, may appoint the Master, and Under- 
 Master ; and after the death of the Survivor, the Governors 
 and Assistants, with the advice and consent of the Heirs 
 male of Sir THOMAS COKAINE, &c., or the major part of 
 them, may appoint a Master or Under-Master; But if, 
 within thirty days after a vacancy, on reasonable notice 
 given by the Vicar or Churchwardens of Ashborne, they do 
 not appoint a fit and learned man, then the Bishop of Co- 
 ventry and Lichfield, and his Successors, may, within one 
 month, appoint for that tern : 
 
 Sir THOMAS COKAINE, WILLIAM BRADBORNE, THOMAS 
 CARTER, THOMAS HURTE, and WILLIAM JACKSON, or the 
 major part, or the Survivors or Survivor of them, may make 
 fit Statutes and Ordinances in writing under their Seals, for 
 the government and direction of the Master, Under-Master, 
 and Scholars, and the Governors and Assistants, and like- 
 wise the Stipends and Salaries of the Master and Under- 
 Master, and all other things appertaining to the said School, 
 and the government and disposition of their Revenues : 
 
 These Statutes and Ordinances to be inviolably observ- 
 ed: 
 
 After the decease of Sir THOMAS COKAINE, &c., the
 
 ASHBORNB.] DERBY. 209 
 
 Governors and Assistants with the advice and consent of the 
 Heirs male of Sir THOMAS COKAINE, Sic., whilst any should 
 survive, and afterwards with the advice and consent of the 
 Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield for the time being, may 
 from time to time make fit and wholesome Statutes and 
 Ordinances for the government of the School and it's posses- 
 sions, but not to be contrary to those made by Sir THOMAS 
 COKAIXE, SEC.: 
 
 The Governors to have a Common Seal : may sue and 
 be sued at law: and may purchase or receive lands and 
 other possessions, not exceeding the clear annual value of 
 Fifty pounds : 
 
 Licence is also given to Sir THOMAS COKAINE, Sic., to 
 grant lands and other property, not exceeding the clear 
 annual value of 50. : 
 
 All the Revenues to be for the sustentation and mainten- 
 ance of the School, the Master, and the Under-Master : 
 
 The Master, and Under-Master, so appointed, are to hold 
 their offices without any other presentation, institution, or 
 investiture, for life, according to the Statutes aforesaid ; 
 
 But they, the Governors and Assistants may be removable 
 according to the Statutes: 
 
 The Letters Patent under the Great Seal to be granted 
 without fine or fee. 
 
 It does not, however, appear that any Rules or Orders 
 were made by the Governors and Assistants until the year 
 1796, when the following STATUTES were enacted: 
 
 " Whereas the place of Head Master of THE FREE 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL in ASHBORNE, in the County of 
 Derby, has become vacant by the death of the late 
 Revd. WILLIAM LANGLEY ; And whereas the Gover- 
 nors and Assistants of the said Free Grammar School 
 have not yet made any Rules or Orders for ordering 
 and regulating the said School ; And the present 
 Governors and Assistants seeing it necessary that 
 there should be some Rules or Orders made, for the 
 future good government, ordering and regulating- 
 
 TOL. i. P
 
 210 DERBY. [ASHBOBNB. 
 
 the said School, and all other matters relating 
 thereto, They do therefore in pursuance and by 
 virtue of certain Letters Patent, made in the Twenty- 
 seventh year of the reign of the late Queen ELIZA- 
 BETH, whereby the said School was founded, and 
 by and with the consent of the Lord Bishop of 
 LICHFIELD and COVENTRY, hereby enact : And be 
 it enacted, 
 
 First, That the Master, and Under-Master, for the tune being, 
 shall enter upon their respective offices, with the House, 
 Garden, and other appurtenances thereto belonging, subject 
 to the observance of all and every the Rules, Statutes, and 
 Orders herein contained, and which are on their respective 
 parts to be observed and performed, and shall continue in 
 the possession thereof during so long tune as they shall 
 respectively observe the said Rules, Statutes, and Orders, 
 and shall conduct themselves diligently and properly in 
 their offices ; and no longer. And in case the Master, or 
 Under-Master, shall not observe the said Rules, Statutes, and 
 Orders or any of them, or shall be guilty of misconduct or 
 neglect of dutyj and in order to prevent a Master or 
 Under-Master being discharged and removed from their 
 respective offices upon the complaint, or by the prejudice of 
 a few individuals, a Meeting of the said Governors and 
 Assistants for the time being, shall be first called, to take 
 into consideration, whether there are sufficient grounds by 
 the misconduct or neglect of duty of such Master or Under- 
 Master, or their omitting to observe these Rules, Statutes, 
 and Orders to call a Special Meeting of the said Governors 
 and Assistants, and if so, then to call such Special Meeting, 
 of calling which, one week's notice in writing shall be given 
 to the said Master or Under-Master respectively, and the 
 said Governors and Assistants are at such Special Meeting 
 to consider, fully and carefully investigate such misconduct 
 or neglect of duty, or non-observance of the said Rules, 
 Statutes, and Orders, and they or the major part of them 
 for the time being shall then either acquit such Master or 
 Under-Master from any complaint which shall be made 
 against him as aforesaid, or shall sign an order for his or 
 their discharge and removal immediately, or within such 
 space of time as the said Governors and Assistants or the 
 major part of them shall think proper. Provided always, 
 that such Special Meeting shall not be held sooner than. 
 Fourteen days after the then preceding Meeting : And the 
 Master, or Under-Master, who shall be so ordered to be 
 discharged or removed, shall from the time of such dis-
 
 ASHBOBNE.] DERBY. 211 
 
 charge or removal be deprived of all the profits and emolu- 
 ments belonging to his office, and shall quit and yield up 
 possession of his House, School, Garden, and Orchard to 
 the same belonging ; And if he shall refuse or neglect so 
 to quit and yield up the same, the said Governors and 
 Assistants, or any person authorized by them, shall and 
 may by force remove him from the possession thereof. 
 
 Second, That no Master, or Under-Master, for the time being, 
 shall engage himself to any School or Scholars, nor shall 
 in any wise teach or instruct any Scholars during the Hours 
 proper for him to attend in The Free Grammar School, viz., 
 From Seven to Eleven in the Forenoon, and from One to 
 Four in the Afternoon. 
 
 Third, That the Master, or Under-Master, shall not without the 
 express consent of the said Governors and Assistants, or the 
 major part of them at one of their Meetings, be at liberty 
 to ^take as Scholars more than the following number of 
 Boarders, viz., The Head Master TWENTY, and the Under- 
 Master TEN. And for the greater preservation of the 
 health of such Boarding Scholars, the Master or Under- 
 Master shall not have more than two beds in one room, nor 
 more than two Scholars in one bed. And that the Master 
 and Under-Master shall each of them oblige his Boarding 
 Scholars to attend in the public School, during the hours 
 above mentioned. 
 
 Fourth, That the said Governors and Assistants, for the tune 
 being, shall have liberty at all times hereafter to send into 
 the said School between the hours of Eleven and Twelve 
 o'Clock in the Forenoon, and Four and Five in the After- 
 noon of each day (except Sunday) any person whom they 
 shall think proper, for the purpose of teaching and instruct- 
 ing the said Free Scholars in Writing and Arithmetic. 
 
 Fifth, That the Master, and Under-Master, for the time being 
 shall regularly twice a week, viz., One Month after each of 
 the Recesses of Christmas and Whitsuntide, send directed 
 to one of the said Governors a list in writing, specifying the 
 name of every Free Scholar each hath under his care, which 
 list shall be laid before the Governors and Assistants at 
 their then next Meeting. 
 
 Sixth, That when and so often as any Lease or Leases of the 
 lands, tenements, or hereditaments wherewith the said 
 School is now, or hereafter shall be endowed, shall become 
 expired, such lands, tenements, or hereditaments shall be 
 advertised for the space of Three weeks in the Derby 
 Mercury to be let by public Auction from year to year ; or 
 upon one or more lease or leases for any term not exceeding
 
 212 DERBY. [ASHBORNE. 
 
 Twenty-one years, to commence from the time of such 
 letting thereof. And that the person or persons who shall 
 be the best bidder or bidders for such lands, tenements, or 
 hereditaments, shall find sufficient Sureties for payment of 
 the rent, and for performance of the covenants or other 
 articles to be contained in such lease or leases. Provided 
 that no Governor or Assistant for the time being, or any 
 person in trust for him, shall be a bidder at such Auction, 
 and such bidding is hereby declared null and void to all 
 intents and purposes : it being contrary to the true intent 
 and meaning of these Rules and Statutes, that any Governor 
 or Assistant, or any person in trust for him, shall be a holder 
 or occupier of any of the lands, tenements, or hereditaments 
 of or belonging to the said School. 
 
 Seventh, That all the rents, issues, and profits arising or to arise 
 from the lands, tenements, and other hereditaments where- 
 with the said School is now or hereafter shall be endowed, 
 shall for the time being be received by the Treasurer to the 
 said Governors and Assistants within the space of Three 
 months after the same shall become due, and for him 
 immediately to pay Two- third parts thereof to the Head 
 Master, and the other Third part thereof to the Under- 
 Master; subject to such future Regulations, as may be 
 thought necessary to be made by the said Governors and 
 Assistants. 
 
 Lastly, That the Master, and Under-Master, for the time being, 
 shall have an equal right and title to the Pew at the farther 
 end of the School-loft in the Parish Church of Ashborne 
 aforesaid, and that each of them and his Family shall and 
 may occupy the same accordingly, without the hinderance 
 or interruption of the other of them. 
 
 In witness and testimony whereof, and of the consent and 
 approbation of the said Lord BISHOP of LICHFIELD and COVENTRY 
 to the foregoing Rules and Statutes he hath signed his name at 
 the bottom hereof ; and the said Governors and Assistants have 
 hereunto caused their Common Seal to be affixed this Twentieth 
 day of August in the Thirty-sixth year of the reign of Our 
 Sovereign Lord GEORGE the Third, &c., 1796." 
 
 Several small rent charges, making together 5. per 
 annum, were given at the time or soon after the Foundation, 
 by THOMAS CARTER, PHILIP OKEOVER, Sir ANTHONY 
 ASHLEY, and Mrs. STOKER. 
 
 In 1610, ROGER OLDFIELD gave 70. to be laid out in 
 land.
 
 ASHBOBNE.] DERBY. 213 
 
 In 1667, The Duke of DEVONSHIRE gave 6. per 
 annum to the Head Master. 
 
 The principal Income of the School arises from the rent 
 of an Estate, supposed to have been purchased with the 
 amount of a Subscription, now let at ]8S, per annum, and 
 Two-fifths of lands at Ashover given by Mr. CHRISTOPHER 
 PEGGE, and now let at 316. per annum. 
 
 The present Rental of the Estate is about 240. per 
 annum, 
 
 The School is open to the boys of the Parish, who are 
 required to learn Latin, as it is not considered an Englisli 
 School. There are about Sixteen boys upon the Founda- 
 tion. They are admitted when they can read the Latin 
 Grammar, and there is no prescribed time for superannua- 
 tion. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used : and 
 the system of Education depends upon the discretion of the 
 Master. 
 
 There are Two Fellowships at St. John's College, Cam- 
 bridge, to which boys educated at this School seldom succeed, 
 as there ai'e three or four previous claims. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. PAUL BELCHER, 
 M. A., whose Salary is about 160. per annum, with a 
 house and garden. This Gentleman takes Boarders, his 
 Terms being Thirty-five guineas per annum. 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS; 
 In 1611. NICHOLAS ROUSE. 
 1622. THOMAS Fox. 
 1633. THOMAS MOUNTENEY. 
 1635. JOHN BERESFORD. 
 1662. NICHOLAS SOARE. 
 1666. SAMUEL BARTON. 
 1672. HENRY MELLOR, in April. 
 1672. GEORGE JACKSON, in June. 
 1677- WILLIAM HARDESTEE.
 
 214 DERBY. [ASHBOKNE. 
 
 1712. WILLIAM HAWFORD, in January. 
 1712. SAMUEL BURNETT, in March. 
 
 1751. JOHN SLADE. 
 
 1752. JOHN FITZHERBERT, in February. 
 1752. WILLIAM LANGLEY, in March. 
 1796. PAUL BELCHER.
 
 CHESTERFIELD.] DERBY. 215 
 
 CHESTERFIELD. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at CHESTERFIELD was founded in 
 the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, by GODFREY FOLJAMBE, 
 Esq., of Watton, in this Parish; and endowed withl3..6..8. 
 per annum, payable out of an estate at Atteiiborough) in the 
 County of Nottingham. In consequence of this endowment, 
 every Master, nominated and appointed by The Mayor and 
 Corporation, must, according to the will of Mr. FOLJAMBE, 
 be examined and approved by THE ARCHBISHOP of YORK, 
 in whose Diocese Attenborough is situate. 
 
 There have been subsequent Donations; viz., 8. an- 
 nually from Ballidon, in the County of Derby; l. from 
 theVicarofChesterfield,outof landnearthe Town : l..7..1. 
 from the Proprietors of the Chesterfield Canal; l..7..0. 
 the Interest of 30., left by Mr. LEONARD GILL, of Lon- 
 don, Merchant ; and a Farm, called The Hague Farm, 
 situate in the Parish of Stavely near Chesterfield, which was 
 left about the year 1674, by Mr. CORNELIUS CLARKE, of 
 the then yearly value of 38. ; which Rent was to be 
 divided in the following proportions, viz., 15. annually to 
 the Master, 15. annually to an Usher to assist the Master, 
 and 8. annually to an A B C Darius. The respective sums 
 of 15. to the Master and Usher are annually paid by The 
 Corporation of Chesterfield, as Trustees : But it is stated, 
 that the ABC Darius now receives from this endowment 
 12..12..0. per annum. The appointment of the Usher was 
 vested by Mr. CLARKE in his Descendants ; and in conse- 
 quence, Mr. SHORE, of Norton, in the County of Derby, 
 nominates, and The Corporation approve in this case. 
 
 The Hague Farm being adjacent to the Estate of Sir 
 SITWELL SITWELL, Bart., of Renishaw, an advatageous 
 exchange of it was made by The Corporation with Sir
 
 216 DERBY. [CHESTERFIELD 
 
 SITWELL for lands situate elsewhere, about Twenty years 
 since. 
 
 There are no particular Statutes, nor Ordinances. 
 The School is open to boys of all descriptions in the Town, 
 free of expense. But from this promiscuous Admission, 
 there are few boys upon the Foundation ; and but rarely 
 any other Scholars. 
 
 The WESTMINSTER Latin Grammar, and the ETON 
 Greek, are used ; And the usual routine of Education is, 
 The Accidence and Latin Grammar, Clarke's Introduction, 
 Latin Testament, Eutropius, Phaedrus's Fables, Cesar's 
 Commentaries, Greek Testament, Ovid's Metamorphoses, 
 Sallust, Virgil ; and, in Greek, Xenophon and Homer. 
 
 It appears by the Will of Mr. FOLJAMBE, that he foun- 
 ded a Fellowship for the Town of Chesterfield at ST. JOHN'S 
 COLLEGE, Cambridge. There is neither Exhibition, nor 
 Scholarship. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. THOMAS FIELD, 
 M. A., whose Salary is about 40. per annum^ with a 
 House and about six or seven acres of Land. But, as all 
 this property lies within The Borough of Chesterfield, the 
 Imposts upon it are equal to a heavy rent : It also pays a 
 Rent-charge of JC2..10..0. annually to THE DUKE of DEVON- 
 SHIRE. This Gentleman would have wished to have taken 
 Private Pupils ; but the House, though very large, is in so 
 dilapidated a state, that there are not accommodations. 
 
 The Ushership is, at present, annexed to the Mastership ; 
 and there is no other Master in the School. 
 
 There are no Church Preferments belonging to this 
 School : neither is there a Common Seal. 
 
 Archbishop SECKER is said to have received his first 
 instruction in this School ; and Dr. KAYE, the late Dean 
 of Lincoln, and Dr. DARWIN, the Physician and Poet, were 
 educated here. 
 
 The School is called " The Chapel School* to this day>
 
 CHESTERFIELD.] DERBY. 217 
 
 because it is built upon the site of THE CHAPEL of the Gild 
 of ST. HELEN. The Well adjoining to it, which is now 
 nearly destroyed by the sinking of contiguous pits, was call- 
 ed " TJie Holy Well" and was in high celebrity.^ The 
 Street, leading to the School, is called " Holy Well Street : T> 
 and the Fields opposite, are at this time called " St. Helen's." 
 There is a Gallery in the Church, which is called " The 
 School Loft? as belonging to the School ; and which was, 
 without doubt, appropriated to the School by the Founder ; 
 over whose Seats below, it is erected.
 
 218 DERBY. [DERBY. 
 
 DERBY. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at DERBY, which is situate in St. Peter's 
 Church-yard, is one of the most ancient Endowments of the 
 kind in this kingdom. 
 
 According to Mr. LYSONS, it is certain that it existed as 
 early as the Twelfth Century, and it seems to^have been 
 founded in the reign of King HENRY the Second, soon after 
 the removal of the Canons of St. Helen's to the Abbey of 
 Darley. 
 
 WALTER DURDANT, Bishop of Lichfield, in his Charter, 
 speaks of the School at Derby as the gift of himself and 
 WILLIAM DE BARB& APRILIS. 
 
 Soon after this, whilst RICHARD PECHE, who succeeded 
 WALTER DURDANT in 1162, was Bishop of Lichfield, 
 WALKELIN DE DERBY and GODA his Wife gave the Man- 
 sion in which they dwelt, and which WALKELIN had pur- 
 chased of WILLIAM ALSIN, to the Canons of Darley, on 
 condition that the Hall should be for ever used as a School- 
 room, and the Chambers for the Dwelling of the Master and 
 Clerks. 
 
 This ancient Grammar School was given to The Corpo- 
 ration by Queen MARY, together with a part of the pos- 
 sessions of the Abbey of Darley for it's Foundation, specially 
 charging the Estate of Little Chester with the annual payment 
 of 13..6..8. to the Master, and Usher. 
 
 The Endowment which is in Land and Houses, is con- 
 siderably improved; but the amount is a profound Secret 
 with The Corporation, who positively refuse any information 
 respecting the School. 
 
 A subsequent Endowment in land of 20. per annum 
 was made by FRANCIS ASH, Esq., a Merchant in London, 
 which is now paid by EMANUEL COLLEGE, Cambridge.
 
 DERBY.] DERBY. 
 
 The School is open to the sons of Burgesses indefinitely, 
 free of expense. They are admitted at any age, when they 
 can read. At present there are only three or four Free 
 Scholars, and as many Extra-Parochial Scholars, who pay 
 a guinea entrance ; and four guineas per annum. There 
 have been Fifty Scholars in this School at one time, but not 
 of late years. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used; and the system of 
 Education is at the option of the Master. 
 
 There are TEN EXHIBITIONS at Emanuel College, 
 Cambridge, of 10. per annum each, founded by Mr. ASH ; 
 to which boys, who are educated at The Grammar Schools 
 of Ashby and Derby, have a preference. 
 
 Mrs. JANE WALTON, the Widow of The Revd. JOHN 
 WALTON, Archdeacon of Derby, (who died in 1603), among 
 several other benefactions, gave 100. to The Master and 
 Fellows of ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, for the main- 
 tenance of such Scholars as come from Derby School, or, 
 for want of such, from Derbyshire, and are admitted of that 
 College. 
 
 She also bequeathed to The Bailiffs and Common Council 
 of Derby 40., for the better relief of the Head Master and 
 Usher, " so as the Stock may continue for that use for ever." 
 The~present Master is, The Revd. JAMES BLIGH, whose 
 Salary is 50. per annum from The Corporation, and 20. 
 per annum from Emanuel College. 
 
 A Sermon is preached once a year at ALL SAINTS CHURCH, 
 for which 20. per annum was left by Mr. CEAWSHAW, 
 which sum has always been given to the Master, but it does 
 not constitute part of the Endowment. 
 
 There is no Usher at present ; none having been appoint- 
 ed by The Corporation since the death of the last, who died 
 about four years ago. 
 
 Among the Eminent men who have been educated here, 
 may be mentioned,
 
 220 DERBY. [DERBY. 
 
 JOHN FLAMSTEED, the first Astronomer Royal. 
 JOHN EARDLEY WILMOT, Esq., Master in Chancery. 
 The present Lord ST. HELEN'S. 
 
 ANTHONY BLACKWALL, Author of the Sacred Classics, 
 was Master of this School,
 
 DRONFIELD.] 
 
 DERBY. 
 
 221 
 
 DRONFIELD, near CHESTERFIELD. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at DRONFIELD was founded 
 in the year 1579, by THOMAS FANSHAW, Esq., Remem- 
 brancer of The Court of Exchequer, m pursuance of the 
 Will of HENRY FANSHAW, Esq., his Predecessor in that 
 office (to whom he was Executor), and endowed with lands, 
 situate in the Parishes of Dronfield, Chesterfield, and Ec- 
 kington, then of the annual value of 30., but now amount- 
 ing to 230. a year, mostly on lease.
 
 22 DERBY. [DRONFIELD. 
 
 The Letters Patent direct, that this School shall be called 
 " THE SCHOOL of HENRY FANSHAW, Esq., of DRONFIELD." 
 That the Vicar and Guardians of the Parish Church shall 
 be Governors, and a Body Corporate, and have a Common 
 Seal. The Heir of HENRY FANSHAW to be Patron. And 
 during a vacancy of the Vicarage or Guardians, Six of the 
 most discreet Inhabitants, nominated by the FANSHAW Fa- 
 mily, to be Governors, pro tempore. 
 
 The Heir of the Founder, being of the full age of Twen- 
 ty-one, and, in want of heirs, the Bishop of Coventry and 
 Lichfield, to appoint the Head Master, and Under-Master, 
 and to make fit and wholesome Statutes. 
 
 The Governors are empowered to receive any other pos- 
 sessions, not exceeding in the whole the full annual value of 
 30., and which are not holden in capite. 
 
 All the rents and profits of the Estates are to be applied 
 to the maintenance of the Head Master, and Under-Master, 
 and to no other use whatsoever. 
 
 The following is a copy of " THE ORDERS," made by Sir 
 THOMAS FANSHAW, K. B., for the government of the 
 School : 
 
 " Imprimis. I do constitute and ordain, that the said School 
 shall begin (betwixt our Lady-day and Michaelmas) at the hour 
 of sir o'clock in the morning, and end at eleven, and in the after- 
 noon that it begin at one and end at six ; and in the Winter, that 
 the said School begin at seven and continue to eleven, and in the 
 afternoon from one to five. And that the Schoolmaster and 
 Usher do come into the School amongst their Scholars, every 
 morning (except they be detained by want of their healths) by 
 six of the o'clock, from our Lady-day to Michaelmas, and by 
 seven from Michaelmas to Lady-day, and that they continue in 
 person teaching their Scholars till nine of the clock, and then if 
 they please to refresh themselves, and that they be in person in 
 the said School again by ten of the clock, and so continue till 
 eleven ; and at afternoon, that they be present within the said 
 School by one of the clock, and continue there till three, and 
 from four till five in the winter, the rest of the year, till six. 
 And if they be occasioned through necessary business, to absent
 
 DBONFIELD.] DERBY. 223 
 
 themselves from the said School more than two days, I will that 
 they ask three of the Governors leave, (the Vicar of Dronfiem 
 being one.) And if they prove negligent in keeping their hours 
 as is abovesaid, or absent themselves from the said School 
 without leave obtained, after three admonitions given them or 
 either of them, by the Governors, or more part of them, then I 
 declare his or their place void, and myself at liberty to appoint a 
 new Schoolmaster or Usher, in his place so forfeited. 
 
 2. Item, I ordain that the Schoolmaster every Saturday after- 
 noon, do call the Scholars before him, and that till three of the 
 clock he catechise them in the principles of our Christian Reli- 
 gion, according to the order of the book of Common Prayer, 
 that they may by this means be seasoned and prepared to receive 
 public instruction by way of catechising from the Vicar in the 
 Church. 
 
 3. Item, I strictly inhibit the Schoolmaster and Usher upon 
 penalty of loss of their places, that they grant no OTIUM or play 
 days to their Scholars, upon any pretext j but I appoint that the 
 Scholars do every Thursday and Saturday by three of the clock 
 in the afternoon, play of course. And that there be no breaking 
 up, nor leaving of School before any festival days, save only two 
 days before the feast of Easter, two days before the feast of Pen- 
 tecost, and four or five days before Christmas, and the School 
 to begin again upon the Wednesday in Easter Week, the Wed- 
 nesday in the feast of Pentecost, and the first Monday after the 
 twelfth day in Christmas without delay. 
 
 4. Item, I do constitute and ordain that the Schoolmaster and 
 Usher do give such correction to their Scholars as shall be meet 
 and fit, but in no Avise that they strike any Scholar upon the 
 head or the cheek with their fist or the palm of their hands, or 
 with any other thing ; and that they do not curse or revile their 
 Scholars ; that the Scholars be corrected for swearing with the 
 rod, and Latin Scholars for speaking English with the ferula ; 
 that monitors be appointed to present their rudeness, irreverence, 
 or indecent demeanor in the streets, the Church, or their public 
 sports. 
 
 5. Item, I ordain that the Scholars do every morning upon 
 their knees before they begin their Lectures, offer up their sacri- 
 fice of prayer and thanksgiving to God, in such prayers and 
 psalms as shall be appointed by me, that is to say, that the 
 Master in the morning do repeat orderly the Lord's Prayer, and 
 after that te deum laudamus, the Scholars answering him ; and 
 in the afternoon before they do depart, that the Master do re- 
 peat orderly the 113th psalm, the Scholars answering him. 
 And that the Scholars of the said School may be nurtured and 
 disciplined as well in good manners as exercised in arts, I do
 
 224 DERBY. [DRONFIELD. 
 
 charge the Schoolmaster and Usher, as they will answer it to 
 God and all good men, that they bring up their Scholars in the 
 fear of God, and reverence towards all men, that they teach 
 them obedience to their parents, observance to their betters, 
 gentleness and ingenuity in all their carriage, and above all 
 things that they chastise them severely for their vices, viz., lying, 
 swearing, and filthy speaking} that men seeing the ends of 
 virtue in their youth, may be stirred up to bless and praise God 
 for their pious education. 
 
 6. Item, I ordain that the Scholars do upon every Sunday and 
 Holy-day in the morning resort orderly unto the School, and 
 that they go from thence with their Master and Usher before 
 them unto the Church, two and two in rank, that they carry 
 their service book with them and answer the Versicles in the 
 Psalms as the Clerk of the Parish doth, that they kneel at such 
 times of the celebration of Divine service accordingly as it is in 
 that behalf prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer, and that 
 they stand up at the reading of the Creed, and bow at the sacred 
 name of Jesus ; and that as many as be of capacity, do take in 
 writing the notes of the Preacher's Sermons, and give account of 
 them on Monday morning to their Master. 
 
 7. Item, I do constitute and ordain, that no leprous, foul or 
 infectious Child be admitted into the said School, nor any that 
 by any sloth or negligence of their parents or guardians shall be 
 observed to be slovenly. 
 
 8. Item, I do ordain, that the lands belonging to the said 
 School, shall not at any time hereafter, be demised for any 
 longer term than for one and twenty years at the furthest, to 
 begin in possession from the making of the lease or leases of 
 any of the said lands ; and that upon every lease thereof so from 
 time to time to be made, there be reserved for and during all 
 the term, such yearly rent or rents, as shall be according to the 
 true and best value of the said Lands j and that no fine or in- 
 come be taken for any such lease, and that the yearly rent so 
 reserved and payable upon the said lease or leases, shall be paid 
 at the two usual feasts or terms in the year, that is to say, at the 
 feast of St. Michael the Archangel, and the Annunciation of our 
 Blessed Lady, the Virgin Mary, or within twenty days at the 
 furthest, next and immediately ensuing after each of the said 
 Feasts, by even and equal portions. And the said Rents so re- 
 served being received as aforesaid, shall by the Governors of the 
 said School be paid unto the Schoolmaster and Usher, within 
 eight days after the time *o limited for the payment thereof as 
 aforesaid, out of which rents and profits, I ordain the Usher to 
 have paid unto him for his salary, the sum of fifteen pounds 
 yearly and every year, and the Schoolmaster shall have the
 
 DHONFIELD.] DERBY. 225 
 
 residue of the said yearly rent, yearly paid unto him at the days 
 and times before limited. 
 
 9. Item, I ordain that the conveyances and writings which do 
 or shall concern the possessions of the said School, together with 
 the Common Seal now by me appointed for the Corporation of 
 the Governors of the said School, wherewith the said Governors 
 are to seal such leases, as shall be made of the lands belonging 
 to the said School, shall be from time to time, kept in a chest, 
 which shall remain in the Vestry of the Parish Church of Dron- 
 field aforesaid, under six locks and keys, one of which keys the 
 Vicar of Dronfield for the time being shall keep, and each of 
 the Churchwardens for the time being shall keep one, and one 
 other key shall be kept by my kinsman, LYONELL FANSHAWE, 
 Esq., until such time as I shall otherwise dispose of the same. 
 
 10. Item, I ordain that these ordinances shall stand and be 
 observed in all points, until such time as I or my heirs, or the 
 Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield for the time being, in the 
 minority of my heirs, shall find instant cause to alter the same. 
 
 1 1 . Lastly, I ordain that these ordinances shall once in every 
 year, upon the Monday in Easter week, in the forenoon of the 
 same day, after Morning Prayer, be read in the Church, by the 
 leave of the Vicar of Dronfield for the time being, in the pre- 
 sence and hearing of the Governors of the said School for the 
 time being, or the major part of them, whom I desire in that 
 behalf to be then present. 
 
 xxx die April, 1638. 
 
 THOS. FANSHAWE. 
 
 Know all Men by these presents, that We, ALTHEA FAN- 
 SHAWE, the Patroness of the School of Dronfield, in the 
 County of Derby, together with The Rev. LAWRENCE 
 BOURNE, Clerk and Vicar of the said Parish of Dronfield, 
 ROBERT WARD, JOSEPH PEARSON, THOMAS WORSTEN- 
 HOLME, and CHARLES GREENWOOD, Churchwardens of the 
 said Parish, Trustees for and Governors of the said School, 
 do, by virtue of the powers in us vested by the Founder of 
 the said School, and by and with the advice and consent of 
 the much greater and most respectable part of the Pa- 
 rishioners, make these following alterations of, and addi- 
 tions to the Rules already made, for the better ordering of 
 the said School. 
 
 1. In regard to the Eighth Rule already made, respecting the 
 Usher's salary, We (in conformity with what our predecessors 
 have done before us) do order, that upon every increase of the 
 rents, issues or profits of the said School, the Usher's salary shall 
 be augmented along with the Headmaster's, in proportion to 
 VOL, i. Q
 
 226 DERBY. [DRONFIELD; 
 
 their several present stipends, or diminished in the same propor- 
 tion, upon any extraordinary expence being incurred, except only 
 with respect to their several houses, for repairing which, each 
 Master shall pay for his own. 
 
 2. We order, that whatever Boys, the Usher for the tune be- 
 ing shall bring into the School, he shall himself be paid as well 
 for their entrance as instruction, till such time as they shall, by 
 the direction of the Vicar and Churchwardens, or the greater 
 part of them be consigned over to the care of the Head-master, 
 in which case one half of the entrance money received by the 
 Usher shall by him be paid to the Head-master. And that the 
 Usher and his Boys shall have free access to the School at all 
 School hours, without the let, hindrance or molestation of the 
 Head-master ; neither shall they be subject to his authority, ex- 
 cept only with respect to their moral conduct. 
 
 3. We further order, that no Boy whose parents live and are 
 legally settled in the Parish of Dronfield, shall pay any entrance 
 money ; and that no other boy shall pay more than half a guinea 
 entrance, nor more than two guineas a year for instruction, 
 writing and accompts excepted. 
 
 4. We further order, that no Master or Usher of the said 
 School, shall take upon him to prevent any Boy from coming- 
 to the said School, or refuse to instruct him there in the same 
 manner he does the other Boys under his care, unless such rea- 
 sons be assigned as shall be thought sufficient by the Vicar and 
 Churchwardens for the time being, or the major part of them. 
 
 5. We further order, that if the Usher for the time being, 
 shall undertake to instruct Boys in writing and accompts, he 
 shall be allowed to bring tables and forms into the School for 
 that purpose j but shall not demand more for such instruction, 
 than what is usually paid at other Schools in the neighbour- 
 hood ; or if he does not choose to engage in that employment, 
 then the Vicar and Churchwardens for the time being, or the 
 major part of them, shall appoint a person to do it, who shall 
 be indulged in the b'ke privileges. 
 
 6. We further order, that no Boy who belongs to the Parish 
 of Dronfield, shall pay more than sixpence a year towards coals, 
 nor more than threepence a year towards keeping the School 
 clean, and lighting the fires in it j and that every other Boy 
 shall pay twice as much, and no more, to those several charges : 
 And in case more coals be wanted, or more pay be wanted to 
 satisfy the School-sweeper, the Churchwardens shall provide the 
 former, and pay the latter, and deduct the same from the 
 School rents. 
 
 7. We further order, that if any disputes arise between the 
 Head-master and Usher, or between either of them and any
 
 DRONFIELD.] DERBY. 227 
 
 other person, respecting the School or Scholars, they shall be 
 referred to the Vicar and Churchwardens for the time being, to 
 be adjusted by them, or the major part of them, and their adjust- 
 ment shall be final. 
 
 8. We order, that these our Rules together with those for- 
 merly made and not yet repealed, shall be strictly observed both 
 by the Head-master and Usher, upon pain of our displeasure, 
 and such punishment, as We, by the Charter, are authorised to 
 inflict. 
 
 ALTHEA FANSHAWE. 
 LAITR. BOURNE, Vicar of Dronfield. 
 ROBERT WARD. 
 JOSEPH PEARSON. 
 THOMAS WORSTENHOLME. 
 CHARLES GREENWOOD. 
 
 These eight Rules were signed by Mrs. FANSHAWE the 17th 
 day of March, 1786, in the presence of 
 
 EDWARD TOWNSHEND. 
 THOMAS MILNES. 
 
 These eight Rules were signed by the Vicar and Churchwar- 
 dens of Dronfield, in the County of Derby, this 3d day of April, 
 1786, in the presence of 
 
 S. RoTHERHAM. 
 
 J. ROTHERHAM.- 
 
 Be it remembered, that a Counterpart of these last eight 
 Rules, signed by the Vicar and Churchwardens, in the presence 
 of SAMUEL ROTHERHAM, Esq., and JOHN ROTHERHAM, Esq., was 
 delivered to Mr. RUSSEL, this 4th day of April, 1786, by us 
 whose Names are hereunto subscribed. 
 
 HUGH BATEMAN. 
 
 JOHN OGDEN, jun. 
 
 The School which is open to boys of any Parish indefi- 
 nitely, is conducted upon Dr. BELL'S System. There is no 
 prescribed age of admission, or continuance at the School. 
 The Governors admit. The Classics have not been taught 
 here for many years. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor Church Preferments, be- 
 longing to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, Mr. WILLIAM PIDCOCK, 
 whose Salary is 130. per annum, and a house and gardeiV 
 He does not take Pupils.
 
 228 DERBY. [DRONFIELD. 
 
 The present Under-Master is, Mr. WILLIAM BIRKEN, 
 whose Salary is the remainder of the endowment, and a 
 house, which was built by subscription. 
 
 General FAN SHAW, an Officer in the Russian Service, is 
 the present Patron of this School, as Representative of the 
 Founder.
 
 HARTSHORN.] DERBY. 229 
 
 HARTSHORN, near ASHBY de la ZOUCH. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at HARTSHORN was founded by WIL- 
 LIAM DETHICK, Rector of this Parish, in ! 626; and endowed 
 with land and houses in Ticknall, and Burton upon Trent, 
 for a Master to instruct THIRTY boys of the Parish, free of 
 expense. 
 
 The present amount of the Estates is 50. per annum. 
 The Master has 30. per annum, and a house , and the 
 number of Scholars is usually from 40 to 70. 
 
 Mr. DETHICK ordered, that such a Master should be 
 chosen, who could assist the Rector in reading the Lessons ; 
 which the last Master used to do. 
 
 The system of Education is at the option of THE TRUS- 
 TEES, who are THREE in number ; and of whom the Rector 
 of Hartshorn is always One. 
 
 Latin, it is believed, was formerly taught in this School ; 
 but, at present, English only.
 
 330 
 
 DERBY. 
 
 [REPTON. 
 
 REPTON. 
 
 AT so distant a period as the Saxon Heptarchy, REPTON, 
 or Reopandun as it was then called, is mentioned in the 
 scanty Chronicles of the times, as we learn from the extracts 
 preserved by LELAND, and given in his Collectanea. 
 
 It was not only the Palace of the Saxon Monarchs of 
 Mercia, but the seat of a noble Monastery of Religious men 
 and women, before the year 660; of which Palace, or 
 Monastery, considerable foundations are discoverable, both in 
 the Priory and adjoining Church-yard, when any alterations 
 have been made in the School buildings, or vaults been dug 
 in the Church-yard. 
 
 The Palace and Monastery being laid waste and destroyed 
 by the Danes, the Priory was re-edified in the year 1172, 
 by MATILDA, widow of RANULPH DE BLUNDEVILLE, second 
 Earl of CHESTER, and continued in a flourishing condition, 
 until the Dissolution by HENRY the Eighth, in 1538, when
 
 REPTON.] DERBY. 231 
 
 it was found to be possessed of Revenues to the amount of 
 167..18..0. 
 
 The Site of the- Priory, and it's Possessions in Repton, 
 were granted, in 1540, to THOMAS THACKER, Esq., Servant 
 to HENRY the Eighth, in whose Family they continued until 
 the year 1728, when, by the bequest of Miss THACKER, 
 heiress to GILBERT THACKER, Esq., the Priory estate in 
 Repton was conveyed to the Family of BURDETT, of Fore- 
 mark^ in which it still continues. 
 
 Sir JOHN PORT, of Etwall, Knight of the Bath, (so 
 created at the Coronation of King EDWARD the Sixth), who 
 was possessed, by marriage and inheritance, of great pro- 
 perty in the Counties of Stafford, Derby, and Lancaster, 
 having lost his two sons at an early age, and being minded 
 to bestow some part of his estates in Charitable Foundations 
 for the repose of his Soul, in the year 1556' devised to his 
 Executors, Sir THOMAS GIFFARD, RICHARD HARPUR, Esq., 
 and others, certain estates in the Counties of Derby and 
 Lancaster, for the Foundation of an HOSPITAL at Etwall, 
 and a FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at Repton. 
 
 These Institutions were accordingly established after his 
 death, in the year 1557, and continued by the Licence of 
 Queen MARY, under the direction of the HARPUR Family, 
 until the year 1621 ; when, by an Agreement between Sir 
 JOHN HARPUR on the one part, and The Earl of HUNTING- 
 DON, Lord STANHOPE, and Sir THOMAS GERARD, Bart., on 
 the other, the three several Descendants of Sir JOHN PORT'S 
 three Daughters, the Superintendance, after the death of 
 Sir JOHN HARPUR, was conveyed to the right heirs of the 
 Founder. 
 
 By the Petition of the Co-heirs, THE HOSPITAL and 
 SCHOOL, in the year 1621, were made a Body Corporate, by 
 the style and title of " THE MASTER of ETWALL HOSPITAL, 
 THE SCHOOLMASTER of REPTON, USHERS, POOR MEN, and 
 POOR SCHOLARS." And, in consequence of that settlement,
 
 232 DERBY. [REPTOK. 
 
 the estates were conveyed by Sir JOHN HARPUR to The 
 Corporation, and in that Body are now vested. 
 
 The Endowment, when the Charter was granted, was 
 350.; but which, from the improved state of it's Revenues, 
 is at present about 2500. per annum. 
 
 In the reign of CHARLES the First a small addition was 
 made by Mr. THOMAS WHITEHEAD, first Usher, for the 
 benefit of The Head Master, of ^a Field of four acres at 
 Repton, now worth 12. per annum. 
 
 There is also a small estate at Ticknall, which was left by 
 Mr. PHILIP WARD, a former Master, in 1C56, for the pur- 
 chase of Books for Poor Scholars. 
 
 The Foundation at present maintains a Master of The 
 Hospital (in whom the power of receiving the Rents, and 
 paying the Stipends, is vested), a Master of The School, 
 Two Ushers, 16 Poor Men in The Hospital, and 18 Poor 
 Scholars at Repton. 
 
 The entire superintendance of The School and Hospital 
 is hereditary in the Noble Families of HASTINGS and CHES- 
 TERFIELD, and of Sir WILLIAM GERARD, the Representa- 
 tives and Co-heirs of Sir JOHN PORT'S three daughters, who 
 have the power of regulating The Corporation, and electing 
 The Master of The Hospital, The Schoolmaster, and Ushers; 
 But a Grant of a Fourth Turn with them, in the appoint- 
 ment only of Poor Men, and Poor Scholars, was made by 
 The Charter to the Family of HARPUR, of Calke. 
 
 The Village of Repton is pleasantly situate in a Valley, 
 which is washed by a rapid Trout-stream, that rises in the 
 Pistern Hills, about six miles distant to the Southward. 
 At the Northern extremity of the Village, upon an elevation 
 overlooking the adjacent Country and the river Trent, 
 stands the Parish Church. 
 
 Adjoining to the Church, are the remains of The Priory, 
 which are now converted into a Grammar School, and 
 Houses for the Masters. The entrance from the Village to
 
 REPTON.] DERBY. 233 
 
 The Monastery, is through a Gateway with a Pointed Arch, 
 into the School-yard, formerly called " The Infirmary 
 Yard:" The Eastern side of which is occupied by a long 
 range of building, with habitations at the Northern end for 
 The Head Master: and at the Southern, for the First 
 Usher. In the middle, is the School-room, ascended by a 
 flight of steps at the South end, which was once the Hall, or 
 Refectory, of The Priory. 
 
 The Dormitory was at the North end of the Hah 1 , in 
 which is remaining a small Room, with a coved Cieling of 
 stone, in the Norman style, and a carved Key-stone in the 
 Centre. 
 
 On the Eastern side of the Priory, was placed the Cloister, 
 the area of which is now converted into a Garden, with some 
 faint traces of apertures and door-ways in the surrounding 
 walls. 
 
 At the West end of the Church, is a square massive 
 Tower, apparently of very antient date, now forming the 
 entrance into the School, with narrow round-arched windows: 
 in which part much devastation has been made. 
 
 The elegant Priory Church was demolisJied in the begin- 
 ning of the reign of Queen MARY, by Mr. THACKER ! ! 
 In the adjoining Paddock, inclosed on three sides by a 
 strong stone wall, extending over several acres, are the 
 Foundations of other buildings belonging to The Priory. 
 
 The Prior's Lodge has, of late years, been rented of Sir 
 FRANCIS BURDETT, and appropriated to the residence of 
 The Head Master of the School. 
 
 That part of the Priory now remaining, and closely ad- 
 joining to The Mansion-House, was sold by Mr. THACKER, 
 in the reign of PHILIP and MARY, to the Executors of Sir 
 JOHN PORT ; And, with some of the old possessions of the 
 Priory, piously appropriated to the advancement of Learn- 
 ing: Which, as was the case in several other Religious 
 Houses, had, doubtless, some encouragement among the
 
 234 DERBY. [REPTON. 
 
 Canons at Repton : and which, by the benevolent care of 
 the Re-founder, has again taken deep root, and now flourishes 
 in appropriate splendour. 
 
 The Statutes of the School, which are very long and 
 much blended with those of The Hospital, direct, that The 
 Head Master and First Usher must be Graduates. 
 
 The Head Master is required to be continually resident, 
 and on no account to be absent above Forty days. And, 
 during his absence, he must procure a Deputy, to officiate 
 for him. 
 
 The Second Usher is to teach Writing and Arithmetic. 
 And neither of the Ushers are to be absent, without the 
 permission of The Head Master. 
 
 This is a Free Grammar School, without limitation as to 
 place or number of common Scholars. The present number 
 of Boys upon the Foundation is Eighteen. Foundation 
 Boys are, required to be not less than Seven nor more than 
 Twelve years of age, at the time of their Admission. These 
 boys are entitled to hold their Scholarships for Seven years. 
 
 The Scholarships appointed by the Charter, are FOUR in 
 number, and of the annual value of 20. each, and the 
 Scholars may be chosen from any place. They are not con- 
 fined, when they leave School, to any particular College, or 
 either University. 
 
 The nomination to The Founder's Scholarships belongs to 
 The Governors. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions founded at present ; nor can 
 any allowance be made to the Poor Scholars at The Univer- 
 sity without the consent and approbation of the King. 
 
 THE INCORPORATED HOSPITAL and SCHOOL of ETWALL 
 and REPTON in the Charter and Institution given them, in 
 many respects resemble THE CHARTER-HOUSE in London; 
 except that with respect to The Charter-House, The Gover- 
 nors are elective and form the Body Corporate ; at EtWall 
 and Repton the Government is hereditary, and the Masters,
 
 REPTON.] DERBY. 235 
 
 Ushers, and Three Senior Poor Men form the Corporate 
 Body. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are in use : And 
 the system of Education pursued, is nearly the same as at 
 ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 The present Head Master is, WILLIAM BOULTBY SLEATH, 
 D. D., whose Salary and Emoluments are 200. per annum 
 together with a spacious House. This Gentleman takes 
 Pupils, his very moderate Terms for each boy being only, 
 For Board - 30 guineas. 1 nnu ^ 
 
 Tuition - 4 guineas. J 
 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS, from the 
 first Foundation of the School : 
 
 WHITHAM, SPANNARD, STARKEY, PAWLET, NORTON, 
 from 1557 to 1589. From that date until the grant of the 
 Charter, no name is recorded. From the year 1621, the 
 date of the Charter, the following Gentlemen occur ; 
 In 1621. THOMAS WHITEHEAD, M. A. 
 1639. PHILLIP WARD, M. A. 
 1642. WILLIAM ULLOCK, M. A. 
 1667. JOSEPH SEDGWICKE, M. A. 
 1672. EDWARD LETHERLAND, M. A. 
 1681. JOHN DOUGHTY, M. A. 
 1705. EDWARD ABBOT, M. A. 
 1714. THOMAS GAWTON, M. A. 
 
 1723. WILLIAM DUDSON, M. A. 
 
 1724. GEORGE FLETCHER, M. A. 
 1741. WILLIAM ASTELEY, M. A. 
 1767. WILLIAM PRIOR, D.D. 
 
 1779. WILLIAM BAGSHAW STEVENS, D.'D. 
 
 1800. WILLIAM BOULTBY SLEATH, D.D. 
 The present First Usher is, JOHN CHAMBERLAYNE, B. A-, 
 whose Salary is ,100. per annum. This Gentleman also 
 takes Pupils, his annual charge for the Board of each boy 
 being 30 guineas.
 
 236 DERBY. 
 
 The small Vicarage of Willington near Repton, is the only 
 Ecclesiastical Preferment in the gift of The Corporation. It 
 is usually holden by one of the Masters, either of the Hos- 
 pital or School. 
 
 Among the Eminent Men who have been educated and 
 presided at this School, may be enumerated, 
 
 JOHN LIGHT FOOT, D. D., the great Hebrew Scholar, 
 
 and Master of Catherine Hall, Cambridge. 
 SAMUEL SHAW, the Divine, in the reign of Charles the 
 
 First. 
 
 STEBBING SHAW, B. D., the Historian of Staffordshire. 
 EDWARD MUNDAY, Esq., of Markeaton, the Poet. 
 GEORGE GRETTON, D. D., the present Dean of Here- 
 ford. 
 THOMAS ORME, D.D., the late Master of Oakham and 
 
 Louth Schools. 
 
 WILLIAM LILLINGTON LEWIS, B. A., of Pembroke 
 College, Oxford, the Translator of Statius ; First 
 Usher, in 1765. 
 
 WILLIAM BAGSHAW STEVENS, D. D., an eminent Poet. 
 JONATHAN SCOTT, the Translator of the Arabian Tales. 
 The Common Seal is the Arms of THE FOUNDER. 
 The Authorities, which have been used in the description 
 of this School, are, THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for 
 February, 1811, LYSONS'S Mag. Brit. and the obliging 
 Communications of The Rev. Dr. SLEATH.
 
 RISLEY.] DERBY. 237 
 
 RISLEY, near DERBY. 
 
 i 
 
 THE FEEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at RISLEY was founded pro- 
 bably about the year 1593, by Sir MICHAEL WILLOUGHBY 
 and CATHERINE his Wife, and endowed with 6..13..4., 
 payable out of the Manor of Wilsthorp to the Minister of 
 Risley, to teach the Children of the Parish. 
 
 About the year 1718, Mrs. ELIZABETH GREY left an 
 Estate at Long Claxton, in the County of Leicester, chiefly 
 for the CLASSICAL School; tout of which about 20. per 
 annum are paid to Risley Church, and 20. per annum to 
 Breaston Church, and the remainder about 120. per annum 
 to the Classical Master. This Estate the present Master, as 
 Curate of Risley, has the full control over. 
 
 Mrs. GREY left also in Wilsthorp, Breaston,, Dale- Abbey, 
 Stanton near Dale, Ockbrook, Idridge-Hay, Hulland-Ward, 
 Sandiacre, Wilne, Draycote, and Hopwell, lands now pro- 
 ducing about 160. per annum, to teach the Children of all 
 these places : Half of this sum is taken by the Grammar 
 Master, and the other half by the English Master. 
 
 Mrs. GREY likewise left 100. in money, the Interest of 
 which is to provide an Usher, or Senior boy, to assist the 
 English Master. 
 
 And the same benevolent Lady further left 200. in 
 money, the Interest of which is to be applied to the Educa- 
 tion of the Girls of all those Villages. 
 
 By the Foundation Deed of Mrs. GREY, 
 
 In the CLASSICAL SCHOOL are to be taught Latin, Greek, 
 Mathematics, and all other Sciences, which the Parents of 
 ilie Children may think Jit to have them taught :- 
 
 In the ENGLISH SCHOOL the boys and girls of all the 
 Parishes are to be taught a fair legible hand, the Catechism, 
 and the three first Rules of Arithmetic, and so much of
 
 238 DERBY. [RISLEY. 
 
 Trigonometry as relates to the more useful part of mathe- 
 matics. 
 
 At present there are 5 or 6 Free Scholars in the Classical 
 School, and 12 Extra-Parochial Scholars, And in the 
 English School there are 100 Free Scholars, and 6 Extra- 
 Parochial. 
 
 They are admitted, on presenting themselves to the Mas- 
 ters, as soon as they can read ; and may remain as long as 
 they please. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advan- 
 tages, belonging to this School. 
 
 There are Two School-rooms, detached, One the English, 
 and the other the Classical, which latter is divided in half 
 for the Girls, over which is the Mistress's set of Apartments. 
 Each School has half an acre of Play-ground attached to 
 it, and, in the centre of these, is the English Master's 
 House. The whole of the Schools, and Houses, were built 
 by Mrs. GREY. 
 
 The present Classical Master is, The Revd. JOHN HAN- 
 COCK HALL, whose Salary is about 200. per annum., with 
 an excellent House, and an acre of Land ; to whom it is an 
 entire Sinecure, as he never enters the School. 
 
 The duty is performed by his Deputy, The Revd. Mr. 
 BYDEN, to whom he allows the use of the Head Master's 
 house, and who takes Boarders at Forty-five guineas per 
 annum. 
 
 The Salary of the Englisn Master is 80. per annum, a 
 good house, and an acre of land ; his Terms for Boarders 
 are Twenty guineas a year. 
 
 There are FOURTEEN TRUSTEES, who are chosen out of 
 the respective Villages.
 
 WlBKSWOBTH.] 
 
 DERBY. 
 
 239 
 
 WIRKSWORTH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WIRKSWORTH was 
 founded about the year 1575, by ANTHONY GELL, Esq., of 
 Hopton Hall, and endowed withstands at Wirksworth, Kirk 
 Ireton, and Kniveton, now let at about lSO. per annum. 
 
 In 1619, Mr. HENRY GEE gave a money payment of 5. 
 per annum to the School, issuing out of lands near Wirks- 
 worth. 
 
 The School is open to the boys of the Parish indefinitely, 
 free of expense for the Classics, but pay I0s..6dper Quarter 
 for English, writing, and arithmetic ; and from 60 to 70 
 Scholars upon the Foundation usually attend. 
 
 The ETON Grammmars are used. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. NATHAN HUB- 
 BERSTY, B. D., whose Salary is 40. per annum from Mr. 
 GELL'S endowment, and 5. from Mr. GEE'S. This Gen- 
 tleman takes private Pupils, his present number being
 
 240 DERBY. [WIRKSWORTH. 
 
 about 30 : his Terms vary according to age, and the plan 
 of Education, but the medium charge is about 30. 
 
 No other Master takes Pupils. The Head Master has 
 two Assistants, for one of whom he is allowed 30. per an- 
 num by the Trust. 
 
 Previous to the year 1800, this School had been almost a 
 Sinecure for many years. 
 
 The full number of THE TRUSTEES is Six, The present 
 Trustees are, 
 
 PHILIP GELL, Esq. 
 ROBERT ALLSO?, Yeoman. 
 JOHN MILL WARD, Farmer.
 
 ASHBUBTON.] DEVON. 241 
 
 ASHBURTON. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at ASHBURTON was founded by 
 Mr. BLUNDELL, and endowed with an Estate now let for 
 30. per annum. 
 
 A subsequent Endowment has been made by Mr. GOULD 
 of 20. per annum. 
 
 These Endowments are in land, and are situate in the 
 Parishes of Staverton, Aveton Gifford, and North Huish. 
 
 The School is open to the boys of the Town and Parish 
 indefinitely, free of expense. They are admitted at any 
 age, and remain as long as their Parents please. A few 
 other Scholars from the neighbouring Parishes occasionally 
 attend the School. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. JOHN WHITE, whose Salary 
 is 50. per annum. He does not take Boarders. 
 
 JOHN DUNNING, first Lord ASHBURTON, and JOHN IRE- 
 LAND, D.D., the present Dean of Westminster, were edu- 
 cated at this School. 
 
 VOL. i. R
 
 242 DEVON [BARNSTAPLK 
 
 BARNS TAPLE. 
 
 IT is not known at what period, or by whom THE GRAM- 
 MAR SCHOOL at BARN STAPLE was founded ; though it may 
 certainly boast of a remote origin, and has attained celebrity 
 from the eminent Characters which it has produced. 
 
 In the year 1642, RICHARD FERRIS, Merchant, gave an 
 annuity of 10., charged on an Estate in the Parish of 
 Paracombe. 
 
 The Revd. JOHN WRIGHT, a late Master, gave to his 
 Successors, provided they were Masters of Arts, 4. a year, 
 now secured on a Turnpike Deed Poll. 
 
 One boy is generally admitted upon The Foundation, on 
 the recommendation of The Mayor and Corporation, who 
 are the Trustees of the School, and who have provided 
 a House for the residence of the present Master, which is 
 worth about 20. per annum. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used. 
 The present Master is, The Revd. HENRY NICHOLLS, 
 M. A., who takes an unlimited number of Pupils. 
 
 The following is a List of the Masters, who have presided 
 over this School for nearly the last Two HUNDRED years, 
 and whose names may be traced in the Registers of the Bo- 
 rough and Parish : 
 
 THOMAS BRANKER, about the year 1630. 
 
 George Hume, died in 1693, aged 80; and was 
 
 buried in the adjoining Parish of Pilton. 
 EDWARD ALISON. 
 NATHANIEL VINER. 
 
 RAYNER. 
 
 ROBERT LUCK, a Poet of no mean rank, and who, pro- 
 bably, inspired his Pupil GAY with a taste for 
 Poetry.
 
 BARNSTAPLE.] DEVON. 243 
 
 JOHN WEIGHT. 
 WILLIAM COOKE. 
 
 DTEE. 
 
 HENRY NICHOLLS, M. A., elected in 1795. 
 Among the distinguished Men who have been educated 
 at this Seminary, may be enumerated, 
 
 JOHN JEWEL, D. D., the good Bishop of Salisbury. 
 JOHN GAY, the Poet. 
 AEON HILL, the Dramatic Writer. 
 SAMUEL MUSGEAVE, M. D., the learned Editor pf 
 Euripides.
 
 344 DEVON. BIDEFORD. 
 
 BIDEFORD. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of BIDEFORD has apparently been 
 established several Centuries, for, although there are no 
 written Records relating to it of earlier date than 1689, yet 
 by an Inscription upon a stone in the centre of the front of 
 the School-reom, it appears to have been rebuilt in 1657, 
 and it is very evident from the variety of the , materials of 
 which the walls are composed, that the building has un- 
 dergone considerable repairs and alterations at different 
 periods. 
 
 By another Inscription which is much injured by time, it 
 appears that " this School was rebuilt to y e Glory of God 
 and incorragement of Good Learning by y e Order of the 
 Right Worshipful JOHN DARRACOTT, Mayor, with y e con- 
 sent of his Brethren y e Aldermen and Capital Burgesses of 
 this Town ario Dom. 1686." 
 
 In 1780, the School-house was completely repaired, and 
 much improved with the addition of a new brick front, at 
 the expense of the Feoffees of The Long Bridge of Bide- 
 ford out of their Trust Funds, which is also noticed by a 
 Latin Inscription in front of the building. 
 
 A few years after the School was rebuilt in 1686, it met 
 with a very liberal Benefactress in Mrs. SUSANNAH STUC- 
 LEY, the Widow and Relict of Mr. LEWIS STUCLEY, the 
 noted Independent Minister, one of CROMWELL'S Chaplains, 
 and the Representative of an ancient and distinguished 
 Family in the County ; who, on the subversion of Episco- 
 pacy and the Monarchy, exercised his Ministry " in the 
 Congregational Way, "in the Nave of Exeter Cathedral, then 
 called West Peter's, whilst THOMAS FORD, a Puritan, made 
 a like use of the Choir, then denominated East Peter's, " in 
 great Quiet and Comfort," for about ten or twelve years,
 
 BIDEFORD.] DEVON. 245 
 
 'till they were both turned out in 1662, under what is called 
 " The Bartholomew Act:"" after which period, STUCLEY, until 
 his death in July 1687, at the age of 64, lived and preached 
 at Bideford. CAL AMY'S Nonconformist's Memorial, by PAL- 
 MER, edit. 1775. pp. 360, 364. WALKER'S Sufferings of the 
 Clergy P. 1 1. pp. 316, 329. And from the information of a 
 collateral Descendant. 
 
 Mrs. STUCLEY, by her Will dated the 3d of March, 1689, 
 gave and bequeathed the sum of 200. to be laid out in 
 lands, for the maintenance of a Grammar School in the town 
 of Bideford, provided the said Town would raise 400. 
 more to be laid out in lands for the same use: (Which said 
 400., together with 20. beyond that sum, was raised ac- 
 cordingly, part thereof 100. being given by the Will 
 of JOHN THOMAS), and in compliance with the directions 
 of the said Will, a purchase was made. 
 
 And, by a Deed dated the 20th of March, 1695, JOHN 
 FURZE, of Great Torrington, Yeoman, and ANN FURZE, his 
 Sister, in consideration of 620. and one Broad Piece of 
 Gold paid to JOHN FURZE, did sell and assign unto GEORGE 
 STRANGE, the then Mayor of Bideford, THOMAS SALTERN, 
 Esq., Recorder, JOHN DARRACOTT, and Fourteen others, 
 all those messuages, lands, and tenements, called " Busli- 
 towni" within the Parish of West Buckland, in the County 
 of Devon, containing by estimation 80 acres of land or 
 thereabouts, to hold the same unto the said Trustees, their 
 heirs, executors, and administrators for the term of 900 
 years thence next ensuing, and all other the estate, right, 
 title, terms and interest of them the said JOHN FURZK and 
 ANN FURZE therein, in Trust nevertheless for the mainte- 
 nance and support of a Grammar School in Bideford 
 
 A few years ago, the Trustees of the School felled some 
 Trees growing on Buslitown Estate, and with the money 
 arising from the sale thereof, have lately purchased for the 
 use of the Master of the School, a commodious Dwelling-
 
 246 DEVON. [BIDEFORD. 
 
 house situate in New Buildings Bideford, large enough to 
 accommodate THIRTY" Boarders. They also purchased a 
 large Seat in the Church. 
 
 The House is holden for the Term of 99 years determina- 
 ble by the deaths of Three lives, granted by The Feoffees 
 of the lands for the maintenance and reparation of THE 
 LONG BUIDGE of Bideford, and renewable for ever on pay- 
 ment of a moderate Fine. This House is worth 35. per 
 annum, clear of all taxes. 
 
 The Estate was let, in 1814, for 57- per annum, but 
 the rent has since been lowered to 50., in consequence of 
 the depreciation of lands. 
 
 The first Master appointed by The Trustees^ after th e 
 augmentation of the emoluments of the School by Mrs- 
 STUCLEY and others, was RICHARD ROBERTS, who was duly 
 elected in 1695; and who, although styled in the articles 
 hereinafter mentioned a Schoolmaster, was most probably also 
 in Holy Orders, for in the Deed he covenants not to preach 
 the Gospel, marry, bury, baptize, or administer the Sacra- 
 ment. And a covenant nearly to the same purport is in- 
 serted in the Articles of agreement made with the present 
 Master, to prevent him from undertaking the duties of a 
 Parish Priest to the neglect of the School. 
 
 By Indenture dated the 30th of March, 1695, 'Mr. RO- 
 BERTS covenanted and promised to the Trustees, that he 
 would to the utmost of his power teach and keep in the 
 School-house of Bideford, one School, for the bringing up 
 and educating of youth in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew 
 tongues,, so far as the Youths should be capable, and their 
 Parents willing, on the first day of April then next ensuing. 
 And also, that he should teach and instruct each and every 
 year, after the expiration of the first year, Six poor Children 
 of Bideford to be elected by all the parties to this Indenture, 
 or the major part of them, viz., The Trustees of the School. 
 
 And the Trustees, in consideration thereof, covenanted to
 
 BIDEFORD.] DEVON. 247 
 
 pay to Mr. ROBERTS the sum of 20. per annum, out of the 
 sums collected for the benefit of the School, or out of the 
 Interest thereof, until such time as the same could be laid 
 out in an Estate of Fee Simple for a perpetual advance of 
 an able Schoolmaster, when the Annuity should cease, and 
 he should have the produce of the lands so purchased. 
 
 And Mr. ROBERTS covenanted, that in case he should be 
 desirous to remove from the School of Bideford, he would 
 give such sufficient notice thereof as that the School might 
 be fitted with some other able Schoolmaster at his departure. 
 And also, that he would, during the time he should remain 
 Master in the School, well and sufficiently repair the said 
 School-house, and would so yield up the same quietly and 
 peaceably unto the custody of the Trustees. 
 
 The next Master was ZACHABY MUDGE, M. A., the father 
 of the celebrated Mechanist and Watchmaker, THOMAS 
 MUDGE, a very learned, ingenious, and respectable Divine. 
 He removed from Bideford to Plymouth about the year 
 1735, and became Vicar of St. Andrew in that Town, and 
 Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral. His abilities sufficiently 
 appear from a learned " Essay for a new Version of the 
 Psalms," in Quarto, and a volume of excellent Sermons in 
 Octavo. Dr. JOHNSON had a very high opinion of Preben- 
 dary MDDGE, whom he describes " a man equally eminent 
 for his virtues and abilities, and at once beloved as a com- 
 panion and reverenced as a Pastor." 
 
 On his leaving Bideford, Mr. RICHARD WHITE was 
 elected by The Trustees, and continued Schoolmaster until 
 the 22d of Deer., 1750; when, in consideration of 10. then 
 paid to him, and also of an Annuity of 1 0. per annum 
 during his life, to be paid to him by the order of the Cor- 
 poration and Feoffees of THE LONG BRIDGE of Bideford out 
 of the Bridge Stock, he resigned the School to the then sur- 
 viving Trustees, and all his right touching the same; as 
 ako to the estate of Buditown from Christmas then next.
 
 248 DEVON. [BlDEFORD. 
 
 On the 26th of October, 1751, HUMPHRY MARSHALL was 
 duly elected Schoolmaster, and entered into the same articles 
 of Agreement with the Trustees as the former Masters; 
 excepting, that the number of Free boys to be taught by the 
 Master, gratis, was reduced to Three. 
 
 Mr. MARSHALL very soon after died, and The Revd. 
 WILLIAM WALTER was elec ted Schoolmaster on the 4th of 
 May, 1753; who continued to perform the duties of his 
 Situation until within a few days of his death, which hap- 
 pened in the Spring of the year 1803, after a laborious exer- 
 tion of half a Century. 
 
 And The Revd. THOMAS EBREY, M, A., Fellow of Mag- 
 dalen College, Cambridge, was elected Master on the 13th 
 of May, 1803. 
 
 There are no Records now in existence to prove how the 
 Trustees of the School became first possessed of the School- 
 house; yet from the covenants in the articles of agreement 
 between the Trustees and the Masters, and particularly in 
 the resignation of RICHARD WHITE in 1750, it is evident 
 that the School-house belongs to The Trustees of the 
 School, they having executed repeated acts of Ownership, 
 and not to the Feoffees of the Bridge, as represented by 
 them, although the repairs done to the School-house, in 
 1780, are stated to have been at the expense of the Bridge 
 Funds. 
 
 There are no particular STATUTES; but when a new Mas- 
 ter is appointed, a special agreement, as already mentioned, 
 is entered into between him and the Trustees. 
 
 The Three Foundation boys, who are nominated by The 
 Trustees of the School, are admitted at any age, and may 
 remain without superannuation as long as the Trustees think 
 proper. r \ he number of other boys usually educated in the 
 School, varies from Twenty to Forty. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used. And the system of 
 Education comprises the Classics, Elocution, English Gram-
 
 BlDEFOBD.] DEVON. 
 
 mar and Composition, History, Geography, and Chronology, 
 together with Writing, Arithmetic, and Mathematics in 
 the various branches, by a Second Master. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advan- 
 tages, belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. FRANCIS HARRI- 
 MAN HUTTON, A. JB., of Wadham College, Oxford, who 
 was elected on the 17th of November, 1815. His emolu- 
 ments, exclusive of his Scholars, are the rent of Bushtown 
 Estate, and the use of the Dwelling-house, School-house, 
 and Seat in the Church.
 
 250 DEVON. [CHUDLEIGH. 
 
 CHUDLEIGH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of CHUDLEIGH was founded 
 by JOHN PYNSENT, Esq., of Combe, in the Parish of Croy- 
 don, in the County of Surrey. 
 
 Mr. PYNSENT was born at Chudleigh, and during his 
 lifetime declared to several of the principal inhabitants, his 
 intention to erect a Free School in that Parish, and to endow 
 it with '30. per annum for ever, for the maintenance of a 
 Master. 
 
 The Parishioners, therefore, came to an agreement to con- 
 yey to him a piece of ground, belonging to them, containing 
 an acre, situate at Chudleigh near the Church-yard, and 
 known by the name of " The Sporting Park" 
 
 Whereupon Mr. PYNSENT agreed to expend 200. in 
 building a School-house, and inclosing the ground, and to 
 pay a Salary of 30. per annum out of his Estate of Combe. 
 And certain Trustees were accordingly appointed, one of 
 whom was Sir THOMAS CLIFFORD, at that time Comptroller 
 and Treasurer of His Majesty's Household, and afterwards 
 Lord High Treasurer. 
 
 A part of the house was appropriated for a School-room, 
 and the residue thereof was for the use of the Master^ 
 together with the ground. 
 
 The School was to be free for all the Parishioners and In- 
 habitants of the Parish of Chudleigh for ever, without the 
 payment of any sum whatever to the Master. And that it 
 should be called " PYNSENT'S Free School" 
 
 That the Founder, during his life, should nominate the 
 Master, and after his decease the Trustees or the major 
 part of them, as vacancies might occur. 
 
 The Master must be of good name, manners, and teach-
 
 CHCDLEIGH.] DEVON. 251 
 
 ing, and conformable to the doctrine and discipline of the 
 Church of England. 
 
 The Founder in his Will, which is dated the 28th of 
 June, 1668, declares his Estate of Combe shall be charga- 
 able with an Annuity of 30. to The Free School of Chud- 
 leigh, He also devised 100. towards placing TWENTY 
 poor Children apprentices (to be chosen by his Wife, his 
 Brother, and some other persons mentioned in his Will) out 
 of the Parishes of Croydon and Chudleigh, ten of each 
 Parish, And he likewise gave to FIVE poor boys of Chud- 
 leigh 3. per annum for five years after his decease, towards 
 their purchase of books and clothes, to be taught at this 
 School. But his will was, that this Exhibition should cease 
 to such of those boys who did not diligently attend the 
 School, and frequent the Church on the Lord's day, unless 
 a sufficient reason could be given. And to Three of those boys 
 who should apply themselves to learning, so that they should 
 be thought fit for the University, he gave towards their main- 
 tenance at the University of Cambridge 5. per annum each, 
 for the term of four years, after they should be admitted at 
 Cambridge, and if they should so long continue Students there. 
 
 Mr. Pynsent died on the 29th of August, 1668, and left 
 sufficient assets to his Executors to pay all his Legacies. 
 His Executors, however, delayed to pay the sums appointed 
 by him for Charitable uses, and at the time of his decease 
 the School-house was not finished. 
 
 In consequence of which a Commission of Charitable uses 
 was issued from the Court of Chancery, appointing certain 
 Commissioners, who, upon a full investigation of the matter 
 at Lambeth, decreed that the House should be completed, 
 a Master appointed, and a rent-charge of 30. per annum 
 paid to the Master, half yearly, free from all deductions, 
 and that the Estate of Combe should stand charged with 
 the payment of the same for ever. 
 
 That the Trustees or the major part of them shall appoint
 
 252 DEVON. [CHUDLEIOH. 
 
 the Master, whose qualifications are to be such as are ex- 
 pressed in the Founder's Will, and that if he should neglect 
 his duty, or otherwise misbehave himself, or for other just 
 or reasonable cause, to remote him, and place another in 
 liis room ; or -to retain the School-house and Annuity from 
 him, as long as they should think fit. 
 
 When the Trustees are reduced to Five, the Survivors 
 shall make up the original number appointed. 
 
 And the Commissioners likewise ordered, that the other 
 charitable intentions of the Founder should be carried into 
 effect. 
 
 Few particulars can now be gathered of the life of Mr. 
 PYNSKNT. By his Will he appears to have possessed con- 
 siderable property ; and in the Inquisition taken at his 
 death, he is stiled JOHN PYNSENT, of Combe, in the Parish 
 of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, Esq., one of the Pro- 
 thonotaries of the Court of Common Pleas at Westminster. 
 It is said that if he had lived, it was his intention to have 
 endowed the School in a more ample manner. 
 
 The School-house which adjoins the Church-yard, is a 
 good substantial building, pleasantly situate, and surround- 
 ed with gardens. In the School-room are the Anns of The 
 Founder, with his Initials, and the year of the Foundation 
 1669. In the front of the house is a tablet, recording the 
 Foundation and the benevolent Endowment. But it is 
 melancholy to relate, that " this ancient fabric is hastening 
 to decay" 
 
 The School is open to the sons of all the Inhabitants and 
 Parishioners of Chudleigh indefinitely, free of expense : they 
 are admitted, when able to read ; and are to be instructed in 
 Classical Literature. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are preferred, " when there are 
 Scholars to learn them? But at present there are not more 
 than two or three boys taught, " and the School is not in a 
 very flourishing state."
 
 CUUDLEIGH.] DEVON. 253 
 
 This School was formerly in high estimation, and parti- 
 cularly when under the able superintendence of the late 
 Revd. JOHN GARRETT, Vicar of Culmstock, who was an ex- 
 cellent Scholar, and Critick. This Gentleman died in 1811, 
 after having acquired an ample fortune by his diligence and 
 probity in the School, from which he had retired many 
 years before his death. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM PULLING, 
 M. A., and Fellow of the Linnean Society. 
 
 A considerable number of Gentlemen and Clergymen of 
 the County of Devon have been educated at this School. 
 
 In the last Trust deed, ELEVEN TRUSTEES were appoint- 
 ed, who were chosen from the principal Inhabitants of 
 Chudleigh ; several of whom had received their Education 
 within these venerable walls.
 
 DEVON. 
 
 [CREDITOX. 
 
 CREDIT ON. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at CREDITON owes it's origin 
 to the Wisdom and Liberality of King EDWARD the 
 Sixth, 
 
 Who, by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of England, 
 dated the 2d of April, in the first year of his reign, 1547, as 
 well for the increase of Divine Worship and the better preser- 
 vation and governance of the goods, chattels, and hereditaments 
 of the Parish Church of Crediton otherwise called Kyrton, in the 
 County of Devon, and for the Instruction of boys, and for other 
 causes moving him to incorporate certain of his subjects, Inha- 
 bitants of Crediton, for the advantage of all the Inhabitants of 
 the same Parish, 
 
 Did grant unto the said Inhabitants, that there should be 
 within the said Parish out of the Inhabitants for the time being, 
 TWELVE GOVERNORS of the hereditaments and goods of the 
 Church of Crediton, of which there should always be THREE of 
 the part of the Village or Hamlet of SANDFORD within the said 
 Parish, and he constituted them a Body Corporate, by the 
 name of " THE TWELVE GOVERNORS of the HEREDITAMENTS 
 and GOODS of THE CHURCH of CREDYTON otherwise called KYR- 
 TON, in the County of DEVON," with perpetual succession ; to 
 have a Common Seal; and that as any of the Governors should 
 happen to die, or depart to dwell elsewhere with their families, 
 the resident survivors should elect other fit Governors out of the 
 same Inhabitants, within one month next after the vacancy.
 
 CREDITON.] DEVON. 255 
 
 ' ' And further, instigated by the singular love which WE bear 
 " towards the subjects of our Kingdom, the Children within 
 " Our said County of Devon, that they may hereafter from their 
 ' ' Infancy be endued with more polished Learning than was for- 
 " merly usual, so that when they arrive at maturer age, they 
 " may go forth better instructed, thinking thus certainly to 
 " adorn and ornament not less with Literature than with Wis- 
 " dom the English Church of Christ, whose charge on Earth 
 " we immediately bear to the universal advantage of our King- 
 " dom, Do, in the tenor of these Presents, really and fully 
 " create, and establish perpetually to endure to all future times, 
 " a Free Grammar School in the Parish of Crediton otherwise 
 " called Kyrton aforesaid, one Master or Teacher, " to be called 
 " THE KYNG'S NEWE GRAMER SCOLE of CREDYTON," with one 
 ' ' Master or Teacher to be appointed by the TWELVE GOVERNORS, 
 " who are to provide for him a convenient house for his resi- 
 " dence, and a certain annual Pension of \0. by the year." 
 
 That if the Master shall absent himself from the School for 
 one Month, it shall be lawful for the Governors to elect another 
 in his place, " and to amove or expel him, so absenting himself 
 and abiding elsewhere, from his office, and wholly to withdraw 
 and retain from the time of his departure the said Salary," and 
 all other things whatsoever so granted to him ; 
 
 And that His Majesty's intent and purpose might have due 
 effect, and that the Governors might be better able to sustain 
 the same Church, and the Chaplains and other Ministers to serve 
 therein, and their and other Burdens incumbent or contingent on 
 the same, 
 
 The King, by his special favour, and in consideration of ,20O. 
 to the hands of his Father HENRY the Eighth, then late King 
 of England, in his life-tune faithfully paid by the Inhabitants of 
 Crediton, granted to the Governors, all the Parish Church of 
 Crediton and the Church, and burying ground of the late Col- 
 lege of Crediton, and all that House called ' ' The Vestry ," and 
 the Chapter-House, and the Chapel to the same Church adjoin- 
 ing, and his Messuage, called " The Vicar's House" and 
 " The Scale House" and gardens to the same belonging, in 
 Crediton. And all that Chapel, called " Seynt Swythunes Chap- 
 pell" in Sandford, within the Parish of Crediton, and his 
 House, called " The Church House," and one other House, called 
 " The Priest's House," with the gardens to the same belonging 
 in Sandford, and the Advowson and right of Patronage of the 
 Vicarage of the Parish of Crediton, and the Advowson and 
 Right of Patronage of the Rectory and Parish Church of Ex- 
 minster, in the said County of Devon, and also the Vicarage of 
 the Parish Church of Crediton, and the Rectory and Church of
 
 256 DEVON. [CREDITOR. 
 
 Exminster, and all the messuages, manors, lands, glebes, tene- 
 ments, rents, reversions, services, annuities, pensions, portions, 
 tythes, fruits, oblali' ais, and other rights, profits, commodities, 
 and emoluments \\ .. i>oever to the same Vicarage of the Parish 
 Church of Crediton or to any Vicar thereof, and to the said Rec- 
 tory and Church of Exminster or to any Rectory thereof, or to 
 any of them however belonging or appertaining, all of which 
 premises were then extended to the clear yearly value of 
 
 And His Majesty thereby appropriated the said Church and 
 Vicarage of Crediton, and other the premises thereto belonging, 
 unto the said Twelve Governors and their Successors for ever : 
 
 And, after reciting that WILLIAM LEWESON, Clerk, was then 
 the Incumbent of the Parish of Exminster, His Majesty thereby 
 appropriated to the Governors and their Successors, the Rectory 
 and Church of Exminster with all it's rights and appurtenances, 
 saving the right of the then Rector during his Incumbency 5 
 
 And ordained, that the Chapel, called " St. Sivithins Chapel," 
 should be a Chapel annexed to the Church of Crediton for all 
 the Inhabitants of the Village of Sandford, for the Ministration 
 of Divine Service there, and directed that the Governors should 
 pay to the Chaplain of the same a Salary of .6. .13. .4. per 
 annum .- 
 
 And that the Governors should for ever distribute amongst the 
 poor Parishioners of the said Church of Crediton, a certain rea- 
 sonable sum of money arising out of the fruits of the same, to 
 be limited and assigned by the Bishop and Diocesan of that 
 place : 
 
 And, that the Governors should from time to time present 
 one fit Clerk to the Ordinary and Diocesan of the Place to be 
 Vicar of the Church of Crediton, and endow the said Vicar and 
 his Successors with one House convenient for his residence, and 
 with the annual Pension or Portion of '2O. by the year. And 
 that the said Vicar of Crediton should take upon himself all 
 burdens relating to the Church of Crediton, except in repairing 
 the Chancel, which reparations should be supported by the afore- 
 said Twelve Governors, at their own charges : 
 
 And, that the said Twelve Governors should for ever distri- 
 bute every year among the poor Parishioners of the Church of 
 Exminster after the appropriation of the same, a certain reason- 
 able sum of money arising out of the fruits of the same Church, 
 to be limited as aforesaid by the Bishop and Diocesan of that 
 place. And that the Governors should endow the Vicar of the 
 same Church of Exminster, and his Successors, with a convenient 
 House for his residence, and with a Portion or Pension of <l2. 
 bv the vear. And that the said Vicar of Exminster should
 
 CHEDITON.] DEVON. 257 
 
 support all the burdens of the Church of Exminster, except in 
 repairing the Chancel, which should be supported by the Gover- 
 nors, at their own charges : 
 
 And, that the Governors should from tune to time, nominate 
 and provide Two Chaplains in aid of the Vicar of Crediton afore- 
 said, for the time being. 
 
 In the month of August in the same year as the Charter 
 was granted, THE BISHOP of EXETER, for himself and his 
 Successors, relinquished all claim to the Vicarage of Credi- 
 ton, to the TWELVE GOVERNORS, and the DEAN and CHAP- 
 TER of the Cathedral Church of EXETER, also yielded their 
 consent to all the premises, each party solemnly confirming 
 the same by their Signatures and Seals. 
 
 The Letters Patent of King EDWARD the Sixth were 
 confirmed by Queen ELIZABETH, by Letters Patent under 
 the Great Seal, dated the 5th of July in the Second year of 
 her reign, 1559, 
 
 When Her Majesty, in augmentation of the maintenance of 
 the Vicar of Crediton, and of the Master of the said School, and 
 of the other Ministers of the same Church, and for other consi- 
 derations, granted to the Twelve Governors all kinds of her 
 tythes of her lands and possessions, called " The Lands and 
 Possessions of ST. LAWRENCE in Crediton," and all kinds of 
 her tythes within the Parish of Crediton lately belonging to the 
 several Prebends of Woolsgrove, Stowford, Henstill otherwise 
 Hempstill, Powle, Cross and Woodland, Karswell, West Sand- 
 ford, Prestcombe, Aller, Greedy, and Rudge, which Tythes 
 were lately parcel of the Spiritual possessions of the late College 
 of Crediton therein more particularly described ; all which 
 premises were then extended to the clear yearly value of 
 
 To hold to the said Governors, of the Manor of Yeartcombe 
 in the County of Devon, in free Soccage, by service of Fealty 
 only, and not in capite, rendering yearly to her Majesty, her 
 Heirs and Successors, the rent of A'lOO. by half yearly pay- 
 ments, 
 
 And she granted license to the said Governors, that they 
 should elect a Master of the said Grammar School, which thence 
 forward should be called " Queen ELIZABETH'S FREE GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL at CREDITON :" and that the said Governors might 
 give to the said Master a House convenient for him and his 
 Successors to inhabit, and one Annuity of l3..6..8. ; with power 
 
 VOL. i. S
 
 258 DEVON. [CREDITON. 
 
 to amove and expel him, in case of absence from the School, for 
 the space of one Month, 
 
 And power to nominate Vicars of Crediton, and Chaplains, 
 with increased Salaries, 
 
 And, " That the same Governors shall distribute yearly 8. 
 out of the Revenues of the said Rectory and Church of Crediton, 
 amongst FOUR boys of the same Parish, of the best disposition 
 and capacity for Grammatical Learning, and who most stand in 
 need of Exhibition and Maintenance, equally to be divided for 
 their help and support, Which said Four boys shall be nomina- 
 ted to be Scholars of our said School of Crediton, by the TWELVE 
 GOVERNORS, or by the major part of them, of whom there shall 
 always be ONE of the part of the Village of Sandford," such 
 Scholars to be called " QUEEN ELIZABETH'S GRAMMAR SCHO- 
 LARS at CREDITON :" 
 
 And, that the Governors should distribute 8., equally to be 
 divided annually out of the profits of the Rectory and Church of 
 Crediton amongst FOUR poor men of the same Parish, to be chosen 
 and appointed by them, and to be called " QUEEN ELIZABETH'S 
 ALMS MEN at CREDITON." 
 
 In the reign of King JAMES the First an Information was 
 exhibited in the Court of Exchequer by Sir THOMAS COVEN- 
 TRY, Knight, then Attorney General, at the relation of 
 ENDYTMION PORTER, Esq.,*against The Twelve Governors, 
 
 When, by a Decree in Trinity Term, in the Twenty-second 
 year of the said King, 1624, after reciting several proceedings 
 in the said Cause, the Court declared, it was clearly of opinion 
 that the several Letters Patent granted by King EDWARD the 
 Sixth, and by Queen ELIZABETH, were so granted "for the good 
 and benefit of the poor Inhabitants of Crediton aforesaid, and not 
 for the benefit of the Governors, or of other persons of wealth and 
 ability," as heretofore upon hearing of their Cause the like opinon 
 of the Court therein had been frequently declared, 
 
 And, therefore, that the lands, tythes, and hereditaments, and 
 other premises belonging to the Church of Crediton, intended 
 by the Letters Patent for so good and pious a work for the relief 
 of the poor Inhabitants there, and other good and Charitable 
 uses, should be misemployed by the said Governors, and converted 
 
 * He was a Gentleman about the Court of CHARLES the First, 
 and was among the number particularly excepted in the instruc- 
 tions of The Two Houses to The Earl of ESSEX, their General.
 
 CREDITON.] DEVON. 259 
 
 to their own proper benefit or other persons of wealth and 
 ability, The Court held it MOST UNJUST and AGAINST ALL EQUI- 
 TY and CONSCIENCE, and therefore Jit to be reformed and re- 
 dressed, 
 
 And for as much as it appeared to the Court, that the lands, 
 tythes, and other the premises before mentioned, were then of 
 the clear yearly value of 1100., as appeared by Inquisition 
 taken before the Lord Bishop of EXETER and others, then read 
 in Court, and that that part of the premises which was not 
 granted by lease, was well worth .'600. a year, as appeared by the 
 depositions therein mentioned, The Court thought it most fit, 
 that 600. thereof should be disposed and applied to Charitable 
 uses, for the good and benefit of the Poor Inhabitants of Kyrton 
 and Exminster, And thereupon it was decreed, that the said 
 Governors should from thenceforth yearly bestow and employ 
 for the good and benefit of the said poor Inhabitants of Crediton 
 and Exminster the sum of 600, issuing and growing out of 
 the profits of the lands, tythes, and other the premises belonging 
 to the Church of Crediton, And that the residue of the lands, 
 tythes, and other the premises aforesaid, should be wholly dis- 
 posed and employed by the said Governors and Corporation of 
 Crediton to other good and Charitable uses, according to the 
 true intent and meaning of the said several Letters Patent, and 
 not be converted to their own private uses or to the benefit of 
 other persons of wealth and ability. And that the said Governors 
 should render a true account yearly to the Bishop of the Diocese 
 of EXETER for the tune being, of the spending and employing 
 thereof : 
 
 And, that the 600. should be disbursed and distributed by 
 the said Governors in manner following, that is to say, 20. 
 thereof yearly unto TEN poor Scholars of Crediton School, 
 whereof Queen ELIZABETH'S poor Scholars to be FOUR, equally 
 to be divided amongst them. And '2O. more thereof yearly 
 towards the maintenance in the Universities of THREE, that had 
 been poor Scholars of Crediton School, so to be divided that 
 they should each of them have 2O Nobles yearly for Five yearn 
 after they should be at the University, and no longer. And then 
 other THREE to have like allowance successively. And 100. 
 more thereof yearly, unto the Vicar of Crediton for his Stipend, 
 and 40. more thereof yearly to the Curate of Crediton for 
 his Stipend. And to the Schoolmaster of Crediton School yearly 
 40. for his Stipend, out of which he was to allow lO. per 
 annum unto an Usher there, for teaching poor Children to write 
 and read. And also to the Vicar of Exminster yearly, 50. for 
 his Stipend. And yearly to the Vicar of Sandford 40. for his 
 Stipend, and the residue of the said 600., and other profits
 
 260 DEVON. [CREDITOR. 
 
 belonging to the said Corporation of Crediton, they should em- 
 ploy for the raising of a Stock of money yearly to be increased, 
 for the setting of the Poor of Kyrton to work, and for the relief 
 of the poor and augmentation of the maintenance and other 
 Charitable and Pious uses specified in the said Letters Patent : 
 And it was decreed, that henceforth there shall be no more 
 Leases granted by the said Governors of any Lands or Tythes 
 belonging to the said Corporation, but that the same or the rea- 
 sonable value thereof shall be paid yearly unto the said Governors 
 and their Successors, to be employed according to the true 
 intent of the said Letters Patent : 
 
 And for that the Prosecutor of the said Cause for his Majesty 
 had bestowed much labour and travel and been at great charges 
 in and aboutthe prosecuting thereof, without any expectation of pri- 
 vate benefit to himself, but only for the common good of the poor 
 inhabitants of Kyrton aforesaid, it was therefore ordered by the 
 Court, that the said Defendants should pay the Prosecutor of this 
 Cause 250. Costs. 
 
 After this Decree, the Governors made additions to some 
 of the annual Stipends or payments thereby directed to be 
 made, and from the years 1798 severally paid, viz., to the 
 Vicar of Crediton .160., to the Chaplain of Crediton 
 128., to the Vicar of Exminster 110., to the Chap- 
 lain of Sandford 121, to the Master of the Grammar 
 School 40., to Ten poor Scholars 20., to Three 
 Scholars at the University 20., making altogether 599. 
 per annum. 
 
 On the 30th of May 1808, an Information was filed in 
 the Court of Chancery by Sir VICARY GIBBS, His Majesty's 
 Attorney General, at the relation of The Revd. JOHN 
 RUDALL, Clerk, Vicar of the Church of Crediton, and The 
 Revd. JOHN WHITE, Clerk, Vicar of Exminster, against 
 THE TWELVE Governors. In the course of which Suit (for 
 it is not yet terminated), it was, on the 7th of July, 1809, 
 decreed, that the Matters should be referred to the Master, 
 MASTER STEELE : 
 
 Who, on the 6th of March, 1812, reported, That in pursuance 
 of certain Directions in the said Decree of the 7th of July, 18O9, 
 and of subsequent Orders made in these Causes, the annual 
 produce of the Charity Estates had been greatly increased, and
 
 CREDIT-ON.] DEVON. 261 
 
 that the gross annual Income thereof then amounted to '5086. .5. .8, 
 and had been of that amount from Michaelmas, 1809 : 
 
 But it was alleged on the part of the Twelve Governors., that 
 the annual Disbursements payable out of the said annual 
 Income, exclusive of the Stipends, amount to the sum of 200O. 
 and upwards, so that the net annual Income, applicable to the 
 purposes of the Charity, amounts to '3000. or thereabouts : 
 
 THE MASTER found, from the joint Affidavit of The said JOHN 
 RUDALL, and JOHN WHITE, that the Parish of Crediton, exclu- 
 sive of the District or Hamlet of Sandford, very considerably 
 exceeds 950O acres, extending in length about eleven miles, and in 
 breadth, in some parts, about seven miles, and contains a Popu- 
 lation of upwards of 5100 persons ; 
 
 And that the Ecclesiastical functions exercised within this 
 Parish, exclusive of the District of Sandford, consist in perform- 
 ing Divine Service twice, and preaching two Sermons every 
 Sunday in the Parish Church of Crediton to a Congregation, 
 usually consisting of about 2OOO persons, in performing Divine 
 Service once ever Wednesday and Friday, and on every Saint's 
 day, throughout the year, preaching a Sermon every Wednes- 
 day throughout the year, Catechising the Children of the Par- 
 ish four times every year, and instructing and preparing them 
 for Episcopal Confirmation, in administering the Holy Sacra- 
 ment of the Lord's Supper in the Parish Church on three several 
 Days at the Festival of Easter, on two several days at Whitsun- 
 tide, the like at Christmas, and also on the first Sunday in every 
 month, to generally upwards of 3OO Communicants, visiting 
 the Sick and administering the Sacrament to them at their 
 respective houses, in baptizing privately at their houses about 
 50 children yearly, churching about 90 women, and yearly 
 marrying about 40 couples, in baptizing publicly about 12O 
 children, and burying about 85 dead, All which Ecclesias- 
 tical functions are and have been, for many years past, usually 
 performed by the said JOHN RUDALL, with the assistance of his 
 Curate, and the Chaplain of Crediton, or some of them. And 
 that the said JOHN RUD ALL'S own Duty as Vicar, in the perform- 
 ance of these functions would be fully sufficient when he is in 
 health, for the employment of all his time. And that as such 
 Vicar he receives from the Governors an annual Stipend of 160. 
 and no more, and about the sum of 40. a year for Surplice 
 fees, which are wholly casual and fluctuating ; one half of which 
 Surplice Fees he hath been accustomed to give to the Chaplain 
 of Crediton : 
 
 And that the Parish of Exminster exceeds 4200 acres, extend- 
 ing in length about six miles, and in breadth, on an average, 
 about three miles, and contains a Population of upwards of TOO
 
 262 DEVON. [CREDITOX 
 
 persons. And that the Ecclesiastical functions exercised in the 
 same parish, consist in performing Divine Service twice, and 
 preaching two Sermons every Sunday, and one on Christmas 
 day and Good Friday, each in the Parish Church of Exminster, 
 to a Congregation usually consisting of about 20O persons, and 
 instructing and preparing the Children of the Parish, for Epi- 
 scopal Confirmation, in administering the Sacrament of the 
 Lord's Supper in the same Church, three times in a year, on the 
 three principal Festivals of Easter, Whitsuntide, and Christmas- 
 day, to about 35 Communicants, visiting the Sick, and ad- 
 ministering the Sacrament to them at their respective houses, 
 in baptizing privately at their houses, and publicly at the same 
 Church, about 20 children yearly, churcliing about 20 women 
 yearly, >and yearly marrying about five couples, and burying 
 about 14 dead. All which Ecclesiastical functions are and have 
 been, for many years past, usually performed by the said JOHN 
 WHITE, and that his duty as Vicar, in the performance of the 
 said functions, would be fully sufficient so far to employ his 
 whole time, as not to leave time for the performance of the 
 Ecclesiastical duties of any other Parish, or lawfully to gain a 
 subsistence for himself, his wife and family, and that as such 
 Vicar, he has received from the Governors an annual Stipend of 
 llO. and no more ; That he has Glebe lands attached to his 
 Vicarage of Exminster, of the clear yearly value of about 40., 
 and that he receives about the sum of 4. a year for Surplice 
 fees, which are wholly casual and fluctuating : 
 
 And THE MASTER found, from the Affidavit of The Revd. 
 JOHN RUSSELL, of Crediton, Clerk, sworn the 19th of Deer., 
 1811, that on the 6th of March, 1811, he was duly appointed 
 by the Governors, Chaplain of the Church of Crediton, on the 
 resignation of The Revd. JOHN SPRY, and that his duty as 
 Chaplain, in performance of the same functions before mentioned 
 in the Parish Church of Crediton, would be fully sufficient so far 
 to employ his whole time, as to prevent his performance of the 
 Ecclesiastical duties of any other Parish, and that as such Chap- 
 lain, he receives from the Governors an annual Stipend of .110., 
 the further sum of X'll. to defray the property tax thereon, 
 and the further sum of 7- towards his Assessed taxes, and no 
 more : 
 
 And THE MASTER found, from the Affidavit of The Rerd. 
 GEORGE BENT, Clerk, Chaplain of the Hamlet of Sandford, 
 sworn the 21st of Deer., 1811, that the said Hamlet contains 
 upwards of 6200 acres, and that it extends in length about seven 
 miles, and in breadth, in some places, about 4 miles, and that 
 it's population amounts to 1700 persons and upwards, and 
 that from time immemorial the said Hamlet of Sandford has,
 
 CREDITON.] DEVON. 263 
 
 in all respects, been considered as distinct from and independent 
 of the Parish of Crediton, and that the Cure of Souls in the 
 said Hamlet has also for time immemorial been committed to 
 the exclusive charge of the Chaplain thereof for the time being, 
 and that the Ecclesiastical functions exercised within the said 
 Hamlet or Parish of Sandford, consist in performing Divine 
 Service twice, and preaching two Sermons every Sunday in the 
 Church of Sandford to a Congregation, usually consisting of 
 about 900 persons, in performing Divine Service on every 
 Saint's day throughout the year (except within the last Three 
 years, by reason of his house having been destroyed by Fire, 
 which has occasioned during some part of that time his residing 
 at a distance from the Church of Sandford, but which Service 
 on Saint's days he intends to resume, on his occupying the Par- 
 sonage House at Sandford then building for him), in instruct- 
 ing and preparing the Children of the Hamlet for Episcopal 
 Confirmation, in administering the Sacrament of the Lord's 
 Supper in the Church of the Hamlet or Parish aforesaid once 
 every month, twice at the Festival of Easter, and twice at 
 Christmas, to upwards generally of 40 or 5O Communicants, 
 in visiting the Sick, and administering the Sacrament to them 
 at their houses throughout the Hamlet, in baptizing Children 
 publicly at the Church, and privately at their houses, together 
 about 50 yearly on an average, in churching about 40 or 50 
 women, in yearly marrying about 13 couples, and in burying 
 about 35 dead. All which Ecclesiastical functions are performed 
 by him, with the help of his Assistant, without whose aid, he, 
 in consequence of his age, being upwards of 7O years old, could 
 not duly perform the same. And that as such Chaplain, he. 
 receives from the Governors the annual Stipend of 110., and 
 the further sum of ll. for property tax thereon, and that he 
 receives about the average sum of '6. for Surplice Fees : 
 
 And THE MASTER found, from Two Affidavits of The Revd. 
 NICHOLAS LIGHTFOOT, Clerk, Master of Queen ELIZABETH'S 
 Free Grammar School at Crediton, sworn the 28th of Novem- 
 ber, and the 9.4th of December, 1811, that he was in or about 
 the month of March, 1800, duly appointed by the then Governors, 
 Master of the said School, and hath ever since oeen, and still is 
 Master thereof, and that from the time of such appointment 
 hitherto, the yearly sum which has been paid to him by the 
 Governors, as his Salary, has amounted to 20. per annum, 
 and that the Governors provide him with a House, which they 
 repair, and also allow him 3. for property tax on his Stipend, 
 and 7. towards his Assessed taxes, And that he has now under 
 his care and tuition 48 Scholars, of whom 37 are Boarders, none 
 of whom are of the Parish of Crediton or of the Hamlet of
 
 254 DEVON. [CREDITOX. 
 
 Sandford, except one, and that his Terms are for each of his 
 Boarders 4. 31.. 10.. O per annum, and that the Eleven other 
 Scholars under his Tuition are Day-scholars, 10 of whom are of 
 the Parish of Crediton, for whom he makes no charge whatever, 
 but the Parents of such Scholars generally pay him C1..1..0. at 
 Christmas, at their pleasure, And that he teaches the several boys 
 under his Tuition, the Latin and Greek languages, and that he 
 dedicates the whole of his time to the duties of the School, except 
 at the usual Vacations at Midsummer and Christmas, and except 
 that he performs the duties of the Rectory of Kennerleigh, which 
 is distant about 5 miles from his School, to which Rectory he 
 was presented by THE GOVERNORS, the Income whereof amounts 
 to <lOO. per annum or thereabouts, subject to the property tax : 
 And it having been proposed before THE MASTER, by the 
 Relators and Plaintiffs in the said first mentioned Cause, with 
 the approbation of the Defendants THE TWELVE GOVERNORS, 
 that the Salaries of 
 
 The Revd. JOHN RUDALL, as Vicar of Crediton, should be 
 increased to 40O. per annum : 
 
 The Revd. JOHN WHITE, as Vicar of Exminster, to .250. 
 per annum : 
 
 The Revd. JOHN RUSSELL, as Chaplain of the Church of 
 Crediton, to <2OO. per annum : 
 
 The Revd. GEORGE BENT, as Chaplain of the Chapel or 
 
 Church of Sandford, to i200. per annum : 
 And it having also been proposed by the Defendants THE 
 TWELVE GOVERNORS, that the Salary of the Defendant NICHOLAS 
 LIGHTFOOT, as Master of THE GRAMJUAR SCHOOL, should be in- 
 creased to 50. per annum, with an annual allowance of 5. for 
 each Day-scholar of the Parish of Crediton, including the Hamlet 
 of Sandford, educated by him at the said Grammar School, 
 according to the Regulations of the Charity : 
 
 And THE MASTER having considered these proposals, was of 
 opinion that it would be proper to increase the Salaries of each 
 of the persons, according as was then proposed. 
 
 There are no STATUTES, but such as are directed in the 
 Charter. 
 
 The School is open to boys of the Parish of Crediton, and 
 the Hamlet of Sandford, indefinitely, on payment of 5. 
 per annum each, i hey are admitted at Eight years of age, 
 and may remain as long as their Parents please. 
 
 The Chapel of THE BLESSED VIRGIN MAKY, at the East 
 end of the Church, has always been used as the School-room.
 
 CBEDITON.] DEVON. 265 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are in use ; and 
 the system of Education is similar to that of ETON COL- 
 LEGE. 
 
 There are THREE SCHOLARSHIPS, which have been ge- 
 nerally enjoyed ; and although the Charters do not express 
 at which University the Exhibitioners are to enter, OXFORD 
 has, for a great number of years past, been uniformly the 
 one, of which they have become Members. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. NICHOLAS 
 LIGHTFOOT, A. B., whose Salary is 50. per annum, to- 
 gether with a good house, rent and taxes free. He is also 
 Rector of Kennerleigh, with an annual Stipend of .100. 
 This Gentleman takes Pupils, his Terms for the board and 
 education of each, are Thirty guineas a year. 
 
 The Rectory of Kennerleigh is the only Church Prefer- 
 ment in the gift of THE GOVERNORS, conferred upon The 
 Head Master. 
 
 Among the Eminent Men who have been educated at this 
 School, Dr. EVELEIGH, the late Provost of ORIEL COLLEGE, 
 Oxford, holds a distinguished rank.
 
 266 
 
 DEVON. - 
 
 [EXETER. 
 
 EXETER. 
 
 THE HOSPITAL OF SAINT JOHN BAPTIST. 
 
 FROM a Memorandum, inserted between fo. 17- and Jo. 18. 
 of Bishop BRONESCOMBE'S Register, it appears that, in the 
 year 1240, a. r. Hen. III. xxm, two Brothers, called GIL- 
 BERT LONG and JOHN LONG, founded this HOSPITAL for 
 poor Men and poor Women, within the East Gate of the 
 City. 
 
 For the better support of this benevolent Institution the 
 Citizens of Exeter, with the approbation of the above-men- 
 tioned King and the confirmation of the Primate, BONIFACE, 
 incorporated with it the Foundation funds of Saint ALEXIUS'S 
 Hospital. 
 
 This latter Establishment had been erected Seventy years 
 before, on a spot of ground immediately behind the Priory 
 of St. Nicholas in Exeter.
 
 EXETEU.] DEVON. 267 
 
 The Bishops of Exeter were the Patrons of the Hospital, 
 and great Benefactors. Bishop BYTTON drew up Statutes 
 for it's government, and re-built the Infirmary. Bishop 
 STAPELDON gave considerable Charities to the Institution, 
 and had intended to found a Grammar School in it, and to 
 appropriate to it the Advowson of Yarnscombe Church and 
 some of the Glebe lands ; but his lamented and untimely 
 death prevented him from carrying his benevolent purpose 
 into execution. 
 
 Bishop GUANDJSSON entered into the noble views of his 
 Predecessor, and endowed the School in the year 1332. He 
 also greatly improved the Revenues of the Hospital, and in- 
 creased the number of the Clergymen from ONE to FIVE. 
 These Clergymen he enjoined to follow the Rule of St. 
 Augustine. Poor infirm persons, to the number of TWELVE, 
 were to be admitted upon the Foundation. It further ap- 
 pears that he built the Church of The Hospital, as he con- 
 secrated the High Altar, on the 12th of November, 1336, 
 and the Nave of the Church, on the 16th of September, 
 1351 ; and he further granted to them the privilege of Se- 
 pulture within their own inclosure. 
 
 Until the Surrender of The Hospital, on the 20th of 
 February, 1539, the Revenues of the House were in a pro- 
 gressive state of improvement. It may be doubted, whether 
 there is a single Will, of the numerous ones preserved in the 
 Episcopal Registers of Exeter, in which a Legacy to SAINT 
 JOHN'S HOSPITAL is not contained. 
 
 The leases of the Hospital possessions appear to have been 
 granted by the Lessors under the stile of " Prior sive Ma- 
 gister Domus Hospitalis Ecclesiae Sancti Johannis Baptistae 
 infra Portam Orientalem Com. Civitatis Exon. et Conventus 
 ejusdem Loci, unanimi nostrorum Assensu pariter et Con- 
 sensu nostris ac cum Licencia nostri Custodis," with the 
 reservation of Rents to themselves and their Successors. 
 
 The annual Income at the Dissolution was rated at 
 102..12..9.
 
 '268 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 On the 13th of July, 1534, RICHARD HARRIS, the Prior, 
 and Three others, subscribed to the Supremacy : And, on 
 the 20th of February, 1539, the same Prior, and two 
 Brethren, surrendered the House, together with it's posses- 
 sions. 
 
 The site, with the " Arikeresse House" in the Church- 
 yard, was granted, in 1541, to THOMAS CAREW. 
 
 In 1553, there remained 13. in Annuities, and two 
 Pensions to JOHN BRODEBIDGE, and JOHN SCOTTS, of 
 3..6..S. each. 
 
 But it was afterwards restored, and endowed with several 
 new Benefactions, and, in part, still continues a Charitable 
 Institution under the management of The Chamber of this 
 City. 
 
 The beautiful and interesting Seal which graces this de- 
 scription, is copied from an original in high preservation 
 appended to a Deed, bearing date the 30th of May, 1538 : 
 And, it is worthy of notice, that the three circular arches 
 there represented, are still existing. 
 
 THE HOSPITAL of SAINT JOHN'S now comprises THE 
 FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, and THE FREE ENGLISH 
 SCHOOL, commonly called THE BLUE SCHOOL, from the 
 colour of the dress in which the boys are habited, in another 
 part of the Buildings, for the instruction of poor boys in 
 reading, writing, and arithmetic; their present number is 
 TWENTY-ONE ; they are clothed, fed, and lodged in the 
 House, under the care of a resident Master who has apart- 
 ments there, together with an annual Salary of 26., besides 
 which he is paid by the Governors 16- yearly for each boy, 
 in consideration of his providing them in every thing. When 
 their education is- completed, these boys are usually bound 
 out Apprentices to Tradesmen in the City, with a premium 
 of 6. paid by the Governors. 
 
 The Schools consist of an extensive range of Buildings, 
 the principal part of which is of a quadrangular form. The 
 North front, facing The High Street and extending to up-
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 269 
 
 wards of 220 feet in length, comprises, THE GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOLMASTER'S HOUSE, a capacious and handsome modern 
 edifice, built about Forty years since, ST. JOHN BAPTIST'S 
 CHAPEL, in which Divine Service is regularly celebrated by 
 the Master, except in the afternoon of one Sunday in every 
 month, when the Mayor, with the Corporation attends, and 
 his Chaplains are accustomed, in turn, to officiate, THE 
 PORCH, or Gate of Entrance into the area of the Quadran- 
 gle, and, THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL-ROOM, which is on the 
 first floor. The Front of the Chapel and School-room, with 
 the Porch between them, is an uniform piece of Architec- 
 ture of that style usually denominated Gothick. The Chapel 
 was rebuilt by the munificence of ALICE HELE, Widow of 
 ELIZ^EUS HELE, of Fardel, Esq., at the expense of 300., 
 and re-opened by the celebrated Bishop JOSEPH HALL, on 
 the 21st of September, 1639. 
 
 On the West part of the Quadrangle, on the first floor, is 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL LIBRARY, opening into The Gram- 
 mar School-room, And THE DORMITORY of The English 
 School. 
 
 On the South part, and on the first floor, is THE COUN- 
 CIL CHAMBER of the Governors. 
 
 And, on the East part, and on the first floor, is THE 
 ENGLISH SCHOOL-ROOM. 
 
 The Apartments on the Ground floors of all sides of the 
 Quadrangle are, during the PUBLIC FAIRS, let out to the 
 Dealers in cloth, blankets, dowlas, and the like commodities, 
 from whence considerable emolument arises to the Go- 
 vernors. 
 
 On the South side of these Buildings are, a spacious 
 walled PLAY-GROUND, of about 200 feet in length, by 80 in 
 breadth, for the boys who board in the Grammar School- 
 master's house, a large GARDEN, for the Grammar School- 
 master's use, and, a commodious DWELLING-HOUSE, court- 
 lage, and garden appropriated to the use of the Master of 
 The English School.
 
 270 DEVON. 
 
 From the time when the building of the present Grammar 
 School-master's house begun, the Governors reduced the 
 then Master's Stipend of 40. to 20. a year, and conti- 
 nued that reduction until the appointment of the present 
 Master, to whom they restored the accustomed yearly Salary 
 of 40., by which means the Governors were reimbursed, 
 out of the Master's profits, more than one half of the ex- 
 penses of the new building, which amounted in the whole to 
 about 1200. 
 
 It seems, therefore, just to consider the present Master's 
 two immediate Predecessors, The Revd. JOHN MARSHALL 
 and The Revd. ROBKRT BARTHOLOMKW, as Benefactors to 
 the Institution to the amount of upwards of 600. ; besides 
 which, the former of these Gentlemen, at his own private 
 expense, built the Gallery at the West end of ST. JOHN'S 
 CHAPEL, for the accommodation of the Boarders.
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 271 
 
 EXETER. 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL. 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL appears to have been founded in the 
 year 1343, by RICHARD DE BRAYLEGH, Dean of Exeter, 
 who built the house upon the lands of the Chapter, in a 
 narrow Street, now called " MUSGRAVE'S Alley" 
 
 It is not certainly known, and, perhaps, cannot now be 
 ascertained, whether there were ever any settled Endowment 
 of it. In ancient times, the Archdeacon of Exon used to 
 appoint the Master ; but, soon after the Restoration of 
 CHARLES the Second, the right of appointment belonged to, 
 or was exercised by, The Chapter. 
 
 In 1388, JOHN SPENCER was admitted Master. 
 In 154S, the sum of 20s. per annum was granted by The 
 Chapter for the augmentation of the Under-Master's Sti- 
 pend. 
 
 In 1561, the School is said to have been new built, ceiled, 
 and seated, by a common contribution, at the request of 
 Mr. WILLIAMS, the then Master. 
 
 When the FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL within the Hospital 
 of St. John Baptist (which will next be more circumstantially 
 described) was established in the beginning of the Seven- 
 teenth Century, the profits of THE HIGH SCHOOL, which 
 before that period had been very considerable, seem to have 
 declined ; in consequence of which, the latter was some time 
 between the year 1739, when JOHN BRADFORD was appoint- 
 ed Master, and probably the last Master, and the year 
 1759, when there certainly was no Master, either dissolved, 
 or consolidated with The Free Grammar School. But if 
 there were such consolidation of the two Schools, there is not 
 any Deed or Agreement, relating to that transaction, now to 
 be found.
 
 2*2 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 Sir JOHN ACLAND, of Culme-John, Devon, Knt., by his 
 Will, dated the 14th of September 1609, appointed 16. 
 per annum to Two SCHOLARS in Exeter College, Oxford, 
 to be approved of by The Mayor of Exeter, the Recorder, 
 the Schoolmaster of The High School there, the Rector of 
 Exeter College, and the Owner of Culme-John, or any 
 Tliree of them. 
 
 The Revd. JOHN REYNOLDS, Canon Residentiary of 
 Exeter Cathedral, by his Will, dated in 1756, bequeathed 
 ,1550. Stock in Old South Sea Annuities, to The Dean and 
 Chapter of Exeter, the Income to be disposed of in Exhi- 
 bitions for Four Lads bred at Exeter School. This Fund 
 has been increased by savings, and now pays THREE EXHI- 
 BITIONS of 20. each.
 
 EXETER.] 
 
 DEVON. 
 
 273 
 
 EXETER. 
 
 THE FREB GRAMMAR SCHOOL 
 
 within 
 THE HOSPITAL of SAINT JOHN BAPTIST. 
 
 The arms in the base of the Seal are those of the CROSSING Family. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL derives a peculiar interest 
 from it's early association with the ancient HOSPITAL of 
 SAINT JOHN BAPTIST, as a sharer in it's dissolution, and 
 a partaker of it's injuries, and even now finding protection 
 under it's venerable roof. 
 
 Few Schools afford such authoritative and important 
 materials for history, as THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at 
 EXETER. But, although they are numerous, it is incon- 
 ceivable how little they are known. The Deed of Endow- 
 ment, as appears by an authenticated copy of it, remaining 
 in the Archives of THE SOCIETY of ANTIQUARIES, is as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 VOL. i. T
 
 274 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 " THIS INDENTURE made the Twentieth day of Februarie, in 
 the Fifthe yere of the raigne of Our Soveraigne Lord CHARLES 
 by the Grace of God of England, Scotland, Fraunce, and Ire- 
 land, Kinge, Defender of the Faith, &c. BETWEENE The Maior, 
 Bayliffes, and Comynaltie of the Cittie of Exon, of thone parte ; 
 and THOMAS FLAYE, NICHOLAS MARTYN, JOHN HAKEWILL, 
 GILBERT SWEETE, ADAM BENNETT, ROGER MALLACKE, JAMES 
 TUCKER, JOHN HAYNE, JOHN PENNYE, RICHARD SAUNDERS, 
 THOMAS TOOKER, and CHRISTOPHER CLARKE, of the said Cittie, 
 Marchants, of thother parte : 
 
 Whereas JOHAN CROSSINGS, Widdowe, late Wife of HUGH 
 CROSSINGS, late one of the Aldermen of the said Cittie of Exon, 
 deceased, and FRAUNCIS CROSSINGS, Marchante, sonne and 
 heire and administrator of the said HUGH CROSSINGE, in accom- 
 plishmente of the said HUGH CROSSING'S Charitable purpose to 
 found an Hospitall within the said Cittie of Exon, by their Deede 
 Indented bearinge date the Fourteenth daye of Januarie in the 
 One and Twentieth yere of the raigne of the late Kinge JAMES 
 over England, did graunte, enfeoffe, and confirm unto THOMAS 
 CROSSINGS, JOHN TAILLER, JOHN ACLAND, JOHN LYNNE, 
 GEORGE PYLE, THOMAS WAKEMAN, JOHN JURDAINE, NICHOLAS 
 SPICER, THOMAS FLAYE, NICHOLAS MARTYN, JOHN HAKEWELL, 
 GILBERT SWEETE, and GEORGE PASSEMER, their heires and 
 assignes, All that their house, scite, sircuite and precincte of the 
 late Dissolved HOSPITALL or HOUSE of ST. JOHN'S within the 
 said Cittie of Exon, and lyinge or beinge within the East Gate of 
 the said Cittie, And all that their scite of the Church and 
 Churchyarde of the said late House or Hospitall, and other mes- 
 suages, landes, and tenementes, and hereditamentes therein par- 
 ticularly mencioned, to be imployde and converted for an 
 HOSPITALL, and setting the POORE to worke, in such manner 
 and forme as is more att large expressed in and by the said In- 
 denture, and amongst other clauses in the said Indenture ex- 
 pressed ; 
 
 It is by the said Indenture provided, that if att any time or 
 times thereafter it should seeme meete and convenient to the 
 Maior and Common Counsell of the said Cittie, for the time 
 beinge, or the greater parte of them, that the said Feoffees, their 
 heires or assignes, or any of them shall demise and lease the said 
 scite of the said Churche to the Maior, Bayliffes, and Comynaltie 
 of the said Cittie of Exon, for the time beinge, for any number 
 of yeres, not exceedinge Thirtie yeres, for a Storehouse or 
 Granory for Corne, or for a Cloth Hall> or for any other such 
 good use for the said Cittie, that then the said Feoffees, their 
 heires or assignes, shall from time to time and att all times, 
 when and as often as it shall seeme soe meete and conveniente
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 375 
 
 as aforesaid, lease and demise the same as aforesaid in Possession to 
 the said Maior, Bayliffes, and Corny naltie for and under the best im- 
 proved yerelie Rente that may be made for the same; The said 
 improved yerelie Rente duringe the continuance of such Lease and 
 Leases to bee, and continue to be imployed for and towardes the 
 better reparation, maintenance, and continuance of the said Hos- 
 pitall, as more att large appeareth by the said Indenture : 
 
 And whereas THOMAS WALKER, Esquire, late one of the 
 Aldermen of the said Cittie of Exon, by his last Will and Testa- 
 ment, bearinge date the Fifteenth daye of November in the yere 
 of Our Lord God One Thousand Sixe Hundred Twentie and 
 eighte, and in the Fouerth yere of the raigne of the Kinges Ma- 
 jestic that nowe is over England, &c., Did give and bequeath to 
 his Executors in his said Will named, the some of Fower Hun- 
 dred Poundes of good and lawfull Englishe monie uppon speciall 
 truste and confidence, that they or the Survivor or Survivors of 
 them should, within one yere next after his deceasse, procure 
 from the Maior and Comon Counsel of the said Cittie of Exon, 
 for the said Fower Hundred Poundes, one Annuitie or yerely 
 Rente charge out of some of the landes of the said Cittie of such 
 Some or yerelie value as his said Executors and the said Maior 
 and Comon Counsel should agree uppon, and for defaulte of such 
 agreement, then to bestowe the said Fower Hundred Poundes in 
 landes in the best manner they maye, and the same landes to 
 conveye and assure unto the Maior and Comon Counsell of the 
 said Cittie of Exon, or to such others as they should appointe to 
 and for such uses, intentes, and purposes as hereafter are men- 
 tioned, limitted, and declared, and to and for none other, that is 
 to saye, 
 
 The one MOIETIE of the proceedes thereof to be towardes the 
 foundinge, erectinge, and yerelie Endowmente of a FREE GRAM- 
 MAR SCHOOLE within the foresaid Cittie of Exon, whereby the 
 Children of the Freemen of the said Cittie may be taught and 
 instructed in the learninge of the Lattyn Tongue, without any 
 charge to their Parentes ; And soe as the said FREE SCHOOLE be 
 erected within Five yeres next after his deceasse, And 
 
 The other MOIETIE thereof to be imployed to such other uses, 
 as in the said Will is expressed; And of his said Will, made JAMES 
 WALKER, Esquire, ROBERT NORLEIGH, Esquire, RICHARD 
 DUCKE, Esquire, ADAM BENNETT, and ROBERT WALKER, of the 
 said Cittie of Exon, Marchantes, his Executors, and shortlie after 
 died; 
 
 AND WHEREAS afterwardes ELIZABETH DOWRICH, Widdowe, 
 one of the Daughters of the said THOMAS WALKER, did, by her 
 last Will and Testamente in writinge, bearinge date the Seaven- 
 teenth day of November, in the Fifte yere of the raigne of the
 
 276 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 Kinges Majestic that nowe is over England, and by the Codicill 
 thereunto annexed, give and bequeathe the Some of Fiftie 
 Poundes for the foundinge and better maintenance of a FREE 
 SCHOOLS within the Cittie of Exon ; 
 
 And whereas WALTER BOROUGH, Esquire, nowe one of the 
 Aldermen of the Cittie of Exon, out of his Charitable disposicion 
 to the advancemente of soe pious a vvorke, hath given and paid 
 att the time of the sealinge and deliverie of these presentes, the 
 Some of One Hundred Poundes of lawfull Englishe monie unto 
 the said Maior, Bayliffes, and Comynaltie for and towardes the 
 Erection and Foundation of the said FREE SCHOOLS ; 
 
 AND WHEREAS divers other well disposed and charitable 
 persons of the said Cittie of Exon have expressed their charitable 
 intentions to further soe goodlie and charitable a worke, by 
 givinge further maintenance and endowment to such a FREE 
 SCHOOLE, as is intended as aforesaid; 
 
 AND WHEREAS the said Maior and Comon Counsell of the 
 said Cittie of Exon, (whereof the said WALTER BOROUGH, 
 FRAUNCIS CROSSINGS, and'RosEBT WALKER are Members) 
 have, uppon deliberacion thereof, for divers waightie reasons 
 thought meete and convenient, by and with the consente of the 
 said JOIIAN CROSSINGS and FRAUNCIS CROSSINGS, that that parte 
 of the said Church of the said House or Hospitall of ST. JOHN'S 
 which sometimes was the bodie or lower parte of the said 
 Church, comonlie called or knowne by the name of ST. JOHN'S 
 CHURCH, untill or unto the wall where the Tower of the said 
 Church some times was, should be speedilie prepared and fitted, 
 and hereafter be imployed and used fora FREE SCHOOLE, in such 
 manner and forme as hereafter in these presentes is expressed, 
 beinge the best and most profitable use for the Good of the said 
 Cittie which it can be putt unto, and most agreeable to the 
 intencion of the power given unto the said Maior and Comon 
 Counsell of the said Cittie, by the said recited Indenture ; 
 
 And whereas NICHOLAS SPICER, nowe Maior of the said 
 Cittie, THOMAS CROSSINGS, and other the survivinge Feoffees in 
 the said Indenture named, have, accordinge to the power and 
 truste unto them given and in them reposed by the said Inden- 
 ture, by their Deede bearinge date the Thirtieth day of Januarie 
 last past before the date of these presentes, graunted, demised, 
 and leased the said lower parte of the said late Church of ST. 
 JOHN'S aforesaid unto the said Maior, BaylifFes, and Comynaltie 
 of the said Cittie of Exon, and their Successors, for and duringe 
 the terme of Thirtie yeres, to be imployed for the said intended 
 Schoole aforesaid for the Good of the said Cittie, and have 
 thereby covenanted and agreede from time to time to renewe 
 the said Lease, as more att large appeareth by the said Indenture,
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 277 
 
 and to the end that the godlie intencion of the said THOMAS 
 WALKER, and other persons aforesaid maye take that good 
 effecte which soe pious a purpose deserveth, which hath byn 
 hitherto delayed for want of a conveniente place to found the 
 said intended FREE SCHOOLE in, and for wante of sufficiente 
 meanes to endowe the same with, the said Maior and Comon 
 Counsell of the said Cittie, with the said JOHAN CROSSINGE and 
 FRAUNCIS CROSSINGE, and the said Executors of the said THOMAS 
 WALKER, and the said WALTER BOROUGH, takinge into their 
 serious and due consideracions for the perfectinge of the said 
 charitable guiftes, by their unanimous and mutuall consentes, 
 have, for the present, resolved to found qnd erecte a FREE 
 SCHOOLS, and to endowe the same soe neere to the intente and 
 will of the Benefactors aforesaid as they can, in manner and 
 forme hereafter in these presentes expressed, untill they shalbe 
 enabled by the Charitable benevolences of other Benefactors to 
 establishe, enlarge, and endowe the same in a more ample 
 manner; 
 
 NOWE THESE PRESEXTES THEREFORE WITNESSE, that the 
 said Maior, Bayliffes, and Comynaltie of the said Cittie of Exon, 
 for and in consideracion of the Some of Two Hundred Poundes 
 of lawfull Englishe Monie to them in hand paid before the 
 sealinge and deliverie of these presentes by the said Executors 
 of the said THOMAS WALKER, in full satisfaccion and payment of 
 soe much of the said Some of Fower Hundred Poundes as was 
 intended to be imployed by the said THOMAS WALKER, for and 
 towardes a FREE SCHOOLE, -and of the Some of Fiftie Poundes 
 of like lawfull English monie unto them in hand paid by the 
 Executors of the said ELIZABETH DOWRICH, and of the Some 
 of One Hundred Poundes unto 'them in hand paid by the said 
 W T ALTER BOROUGH, of which said severall Somes they acknow- 
 ledge the receipte by these presentes, and for the better educa- 
 cion of the Children of the Cittizens of the said Cittie of Exon 
 in Learninge and good Manners, and for the generall Good and 
 Benefitt of the said Cittie and the Inhabitants thereof, and for 
 divers other good and reasonable causes and consideracions them 
 thereunto especiallie movinge, HAVE graunted, declared, and 
 agreede, and by these presentes for them and their successors 
 doe graunte, declare, and agree to and with the said THOMAS 
 FLAYE, NICHOLAS MARTYN, JOHN HAKEWILL, GILBERT SWEETS, 
 ADAM BENNETT, ROGER MALLACKE, JAMES TUCKER, JOHN 
 HAYNE, JOHN PENNYE, RICHARD SAUNDERS, THOMAS TUCKER, 
 and CHRISTOPHER CLARKE, that they shall and will with all 
 convenient speede, soe sonne as by the charitable benevolence 
 of well disposed Persons they shalbe enabled thereunto, build 
 and prepare the said lower parte of the said Church of the late
 
 278 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 House or Hospitall of ST. JOHN'S within the Eastgate of the said 
 Cittie of Exon, or soe much thereof as shalbe thought fitt and 
 conveniente by the said Maior and Comon Counsell, in decente 
 and convenient manner, for the keepinge of a Schoole therein 
 for ever hereafter, accordinge to the true meaninge of these 
 presentes ; 
 
 And that after the same shalbe soe builte and prepared, the 
 said Maior and Comon Counsell shall and will nominate and 
 appointe one fitt and able Person, to be Schoole Maister of and 
 in the said Schoole, freelie to teach and instructe the Children of 
 the Freemen and Inhabitantes of the said Cittie of Exon in the Latin 
 and Greeke Tongue, and other Learninge, without any charge unto 
 their Freindes or receivinge any thinge for the same, in such 
 manner and forme as by the Maior and Comon Counsell of the 
 said Cittie for the time beinge, or the greater parte of them, 
 shalbe limitted, directed, or appointed, And that the same shall 
 and maye for ever hereafter be named and called " THE FFREE 
 GRA-MAR SCHOOLS of THE CITTIE of EXON, founded by THE 
 CITTIZENS of the said CITTIE of EXON j" 
 
 And it is graunted, declared, and agreede by and betweene all 
 the parties to these presentes, and it is the true intente and 
 meaninge of these presentes, and of all the parties thereunto, 
 That, from time to time and att all times hereafter, the Schoole 
 Maister of the Schoole shalbe elected, nominated, and appointed, 
 and be ordered, displaced, and removed, and the said Schoole, 
 and Schollers therein, and all other matters and thinges whatso- 
 ever, which doe or shall any waye concerne or belonge to the 
 said Schoole, Schoole Maister, or Schollers therein, and all 
 other person and persons to be used and imployed in, about, or 
 for any service in, about, for or concerninge the said Schoole, 
 Schoole Maister, or Schollers, shalbe governed, directed, 
 ordered, continued, or removed into, out of or from the said 
 Schoole, in such manner and forme as by the said Maior and 
 Comon Counsell for the time beinge, or the greater parte of 
 them, as to them in their Wisedomes and Discretions shalbe 
 thought meete and conveniente ; 
 
 And that the Maior and Comon Counsell of the said Cittie, 
 for the time beinge, shall and maye make, ordaine, sett downe, 
 and prescribe such Rules, Statutes, Orders, and Ordinances, for 
 the order, rule, and govermente of the said Schoole, Schoole 
 Maister, and Schollers, and all other persons, matters, and 
 thinges of or concerninge the same, and for and concerninge his 
 and their Stipends, Maintenance, and Allowance, as they or the 
 maior parte of them in their Wisedomes shall thinke fitt and 
 conveniente, and from time to time and att all times hereafter 
 to visitt the said Schoole, and to order, reforme, and redresse all
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 279 
 
 disorders and abuses in and touchinge the govermente and 
 disposinge of the same ; 
 
 And the said Maior, Bayliffes, and Comynaltie have for them- 
 selves and their Successors given and graunted, and by these 
 presentes for them and their Successors doe give and graunte 
 unto the said THOMAS FLAYE, NICHOLAS MARTYN, JOHN HAKE- 
 WILL, GILBERT SWEETE, ADAM BENNETT., ROGER MALLACKE, 
 JAMES TUCKER, JOHN HAYNE, JOHN PENNYE, RICHARD SAUN- 
 DERS, THOMAS TOOKER, and CHRISTOPHER CLARKE, their heires 
 and assignes for ever, one annuitie or yerelie rente charge of 
 Twentie Poundes of lawfull Engh'she monie, to be issuinge and 
 goeinge out of all that their mannor of Exiland, and out of all 
 messuages, landes, tenementes, and hereditamentes, thereunto 
 belonginge, or reputed, demised, or enioyed as parte or parcell 
 thereof, with his rightes, members, and appurtennances scituate, 
 lyinge, and beinge in the Counties of the said Cittie of Exon, 
 and Devon, or either of them ; 
 
 To HAVE and TO HOLDE, receive, perceive, and take the said 
 Annuitie or yerelie Rente Charge of Twentie Poundes unto the 
 said THOMAS FLAYE, NICHOLAS MARTYN, JOHN HAKEWELL, 
 GILBERT SWEETE, ADAM BENNETT, ROGER MALLACKE, JAMES 
 TUCKER, JOHN HAYNE, JOHN PENNYE, RICHARD SAUNDERS, 
 THOMAS TOOKER, and CHRISTOPHER CLARKE, their heires and 
 assignes for ever, uppon the trustes, confidences, provisoes, and 
 condicions hereafter in these presentes expressed, and to noe 
 other use, intente, or purpose, to be paid Quarterlie, att the 
 Fower most usuall Feastes of the yere, att or in the Guildhall of 
 the said Cittie of Exon, that is to saye, att the Feastes of St. 
 Michaell tharchangell, the Nativitie of Our Lord God, Th' annun- 
 ciation of the Blessed Virgyn Marye, and the Nativitie of 
 St. John the Baptiste, by even and equall porcions, the first 
 payment thereof to begyn att the first of the said Feastes which 
 shall first happen next and imediatlie after such time, as the 
 said Schoole shalbe perfected, and a Schoole Maister therein 
 placed as aforesaid j 
 
 And if it happen the said yerelie rente of Twentie Poundes, 
 or any parte thereof, to be behinde and unpaid in parte or in 
 all, at any of the Feastes aforesaid wherein the same is limitted 
 to be paid, that then and soe often from tune to tune and att all 
 times it shall and maye be lawful to and for the said THOMAS 
 FLAYE, NICHOLAS MARTYN, JOHN HAKEWILL, GILBERT SWEETE, 
 ADAM BENNETT, ROGER MALLACKE, JAMES TUCKER, JOHN 
 HAYNE, JOHN PENNYE, RICHARD SAUNDERS, THOMAS TOOKER, 
 and CHRISTOPHER CLARKE, their heires and assignes, into the said 
 Mannor and Lordshippe of Exiland, and into all messuages, 
 landes, tenementes, and hereditamentes thereunto belonginge or
 
 280 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 being, or reputed, demised, or enioyed as parte or parcell 
 thereof, or to or with the same and all his rightes, members, 
 and appurtennances, to enter and distraine, and the distresse and 
 distresses then and their found to take, drive, and carrye awaye, 
 and impound, and in pound to deteyne, untill they or some or 
 one of them shalbe fullie satisfied and paid of the said annuall 
 Rente, and of all the arrerages thereof which then shalbe due 
 and unpaid, uppon this speciall truste and confidence nevcrthe- 
 lesse, that they the said THOMAS FLAYE, NICHOLAS MARTYX, 
 JOHN HAKEWILL, GILBERT SWEETE, ADAM BENNETT, ROGER 
 MALLACKE, JAMES TUCKER, JOHN HAYNE, JOHNPENNYE, RICH- 
 ARD SAUNDERS, THOMAS TOOKER, and CHRISTOPHER CLARKE, 
 their heires and assignes, shall from time to time and att all times 
 for ever hereafter, soe longe as the said rente shall have conti- 
 nuance accordinge to the purporte and true meaninge of these 
 presentes, faithfullie, truelie, and wholie paye, converte, and im- 
 ploye the said annuitie or yerelie rente charge of Twentie 
 Poundes, and everie parte and parcell thereof, to and for the 
 maintenance of a Schoolemaister of and in the said FREEJSCHOOLE 
 in the House or Schoole aforesaid, and to noe other use, intente, 
 or purpose j 
 
 PROVIDED always, and it is the true intente and meaninge 
 of these presentes and of All the Parties thereunto, to the intente 
 that the said Schoole maye hereafter bee the better and more 
 orderlie established, and larger maintenance for a Schoolemais- 
 ter, and for Ushers therein bee provided for, when the said 
 Maior, Bayliffes, and Comynaltie shalbe thereunto enabled 
 by the Charitable guiftes of well affected persons to such a pious 
 and publique worke ; 
 
 That it shall and maye be lawfull to and for the said Maior, 
 Bayliffes, and Comynaltie, and their Successors, att any time 
 hereafter when the said Maior and Comon Counsell shall think fitt 
 and convenient, to translate or remove the said Schoole from 
 the said place or house by these presentes appointed, to any other 
 such convenient place or house within the said Citie of Exon as 
 they, in their Wisedomes and Discretions, shall thinke fitt and con- 
 venient, and from and after such translacion to imploye the said 
 house and place before limitted and appointed for the said 
 Schoole, to such other use and uses as they in their discretions 
 shall thinke fitt, and as is limitted and appointed in and by the 
 said recited Indenture : 
 
 AND ALSOE, that if the said Maior, Bayliffes, and Comynaltie, 
 or their Successors, shall att any time hereafter endowe the said 
 Schoole and Schoolmaister with or graunte unto the Grauntees 
 aforesaid, their heires or assignes, or such of them or such other 
 person and persons as the said Maior and Comon Counsell shall
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 281 
 
 appointe, for the use and maintenance of such Schoolemaister, 
 such an annuitie or yerelie rente charge out of any of the landes 
 of the said Cittie of such Some or yerelie value as the said Exe-< 
 cutors of the said THOMAS WALKER, or the Survivors or Sur- 
 vivor of them, and the said Maior and Comon Counsell shall 
 agree uppon; 
 
 OR, if the said Maior and Comon Counsell, for the time 
 beinge, shall bestowe the said Three Hundred and Fiftie Poundes 
 in landes of inheritance, and the same landes be assured and 
 conveyed unto the said Maior, Bayliffes, and Comynaltie of the 
 Cittie of Exon, and their Successors, or to such others as the 
 said Maior and Comon Counsell shall appointe, the rentes, issues, 
 and profittes thereof to be limitted, to be paid and imployed 
 to and for the benefitt and maintenance of a Schoolmaister in 1&e 
 said Schoole, and such other uses for, aboute, and concerninge 
 the same Schoole or the persons to be imployed in or aboute the 
 same, that then, and from thencefoorth this present graunte 
 of the said annuitie or yerelie rente charge of Tvventie poundes 
 per annum out of the said Mannor of Exiland, and the clause of 
 distresse aforesaid therein, shall ceasse, determyn, and be utter- 
 lie voide, and that then and att all times thereafter uppon request, 
 the grauntees aforesaid and the Survivors and Survivor of them, 
 his and their heires and assignes, shall release and discharge the 
 said annuitie and rent charge unto the said Maior, Baylifies, 
 and Comynaltie, and their Successors, in such manner and forme 
 as they or their Counsell shall advise or require ; 
 
 AND lastlie, it is declared and agreede by and betweene all 
 the parties to these presentes, that when all the saide Feoffees 
 are deade, savinge FOWER, that the said Fower survivinge 
 Feoffees shall make assurance and conveyance unto TWELVE 
 such other persons att the least, as the said Maior and Comon 
 Counsell for the time beinge shall nominate and appointe, and 
 their heires and assignes, uppon the trustes, confidences, and pro- 
 visoes in these presentes limitted and declared, that the said 
 charitable purposes and intentes may be kepte and continued, 
 and soe from time to time, and from age to age for ever hereaf- 
 ter, the like course to be held and observed for the continuance 
 of the same ; 
 
 IN WITNES whereof tothone parte of these Indentures the said 
 Maior, BaylifFes, and Comynaltie their Comon Scale have sett, 
 and to thother parte of the said Indentures the said THOMAS 
 FLAYE, NICHOLAS MARTYN, JOHN HAKEWELL, GILBERT SWEETE, 
 ADAM BENNETT, ROGER MALLACKE, JAMES TUCKER, JOHN 
 HAYNE, JOHN PENNYE, RICHARD SAUNDERS, THOMAS TOOKER, 
 and CHRISTOPHER CLARKE, their hands and Seales have sett. 
 Yeven the daye and yere first abovewritten : 1 629."
 
 282 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 To this rare Document may be subjoined the no less 
 important Letters Patent of the 2nd of June, in the Thir- 
 teenth of CHARLES the First, as furnished from The Chapel 
 of The Rolls: 
 
 D. Con. sibi et Success. Major et Balliv. Civitat. Exon. 
 
 Pat. 13. Car. p. 17 8. CHARLES, by the Grace of God, Kinge 
 of England, Scotland, Fraunce, and Ireland, Defender of the 
 Faith, &c. To all to whom theise Presents shall come, Greeting. 
 Whereas by the humble Peticon of the Maior, Bayliffs, and 
 Coialtie of our Cittie of Exeter, Wee are informed of theire 
 pious and charitable mtencons and desires to erecte an Hospitall 
 within the saide Cittie for the releife, setting on Worke, and edu- 
 cacon in good learninge and otherwise of poore Children borne 
 or inhabiting within the saide Cittie, whoe either have noe Pa- 
 rents or those soe poore as are not able to maineteine them ; As 
 allsoe for releife and maintenance of such aged or impotente 
 poore people Inhabitants within the same Cittie, as are not able 
 to worke j And that amongste other our subjects there well 
 affected to this pious worke, JOHAN CROSSING, the Widdowe of 
 HUGH CROSSING, Esquire, deceased, late one of the Aldermen of 
 the saide Cittie, and FRAUNCIS CROSSINGS, Esquire, theire sonne, 
 one of the nowe Aldermen of the saide Cittie, in prosecucon of 
 the charitable intendments of the saide HUGH CROSSING have 
 purchased a large and conveniente House within the saide Cittie, 
 which, before the Dissolucon of Monasteries, was an HOSPITALL 
 called SAINTE JOHN'S HOSPITALL, and likewise one Tenemente 
 neere adjoyninge and sometymes parcell of or belonging to the 
 saide Hospitall, which are held of us by Knights Service in 
 capite ; And have given the same for An Hospitall or Worke- 
 house. And that synce, by the Charitie of THOMAS WALKER, 
 Esquire, deceased, and ELIZABETH DOWRICH, Widdowe, decea- 
 sed, and of divers others, there is a decente Schoolehouse made 
 and reedified in a parte of the saide Hospitall, which was auncientlie 
 the bodie or lower parte of the saide Hospitall Church, and a 
 FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOLE therein allreadie settled by the appro- 
 bacon of our Privie Councell. And that the higher parte or 
 decayed Chauncell of the saide Church is latelie by the coste of 
 ALICE HELE, Widdowe, decentlie reedified and prepared for a 
 Chappell for the use of the saide Hospitall. And that there is 
 allsoe five hundred pounds, which was given by ELIZABETH 
 JOURDEN, Widdowe, deceased, for charitable uses within the 
 saide Cittie and Countieof Exon, in pursuance of certeine Orders 
 made by our Privie Councell applyed to and for the maintenance 
 of A FREE ENGLISHE SCHOOLE therein for the better preparing of
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 283 
 
 the Children of the saide Hospitall and others for the Grammar 
 Schoole, and other fitt Professions. And that there have byn 
 allsoe divers Lands, Tenements, and Som~es of monie heretofore 
 given by WALTER BOROUGH, Esquire, and NICHOLAS MARTYN, 
 Esquire, deceased, Dame MARIE PRIDEUX and others ; And 
 more promised by severall other persons to bee given, for the 
 supporte and inlargemente of the same Hospitall. Whereupon 
 the saide Maior, Bayliffs, and Colaltie have made humble suite 
 to us, for our grace and favoure in lycensing them to erecte and 
 found An Hospitall for ever in the saide House (to bee called 
 THE HOSPITALL of SAINTE JOHN'S within THE CITTYE of EXE- 
 TER, founded by HUGH CROSSING, Esquire, and others), And a 
 free Grammar Schoole, and An Englishe Schoole therein, And 
 to renevve and contynew divyne Service in the saide Chappell for 
 the saide Hospitall ; And that the other parts of the saide House 
 might bee for ever irnployed for the dwelling, Releife, and Edu- 
 cacon in learninge and all or anie other lawfull Arts and Trades 
 of Poore Children borne and inhabiting within the saide Cittie or 
 Countie of the same, under the age of sixteene yeares. And for 
 the Habitacon, releife, and mainetenance of aged or impotente 
 poore people inhabiting within the said Cittie or Countie of the 
 same. And of soe manie Children, and aged or impotente persons, 
 as the Governors of the saide Hospitall for the tyme beinge shall 
 thinke fytt. And for the dwelling of one or more Schoolemasters 
 to instructe the saide Children. And that the Maior, Recorder, 
 Aldermen, and Coinon Councell of the saide Cittye for the tyme 
 beinge, might bee the Governours of the saide Hospitall and of 
 the Members, Goods, Lands, Revennewes, and Hereditaments 
 of the same att all tymes hereafter for ever, and might have the 
 electing and placing of Schollars, Schoole-Masters, Ushers, Chap- 
 laines, and other necessarie Officers, Children, and poore People. 
 And that the saide Governours and Hospitall might for ever bee 
 incorporated and founded in the name and in deed A Bodie 
 Politique and Corporate, to have continuance for ever by the 
 name of THE GOVERNOURS of THE HOSPITALL of SAINTE JOHN'S 
 within the Cittye of Exeter, founded by HUGH CROSSINGS, 
 Esquire, and others. And that the saide Governours might have 
 perpetuall Succession, and by that name they and theire Succes- 
 sors might for ever hereafter have, possesse, and injoye as well 
 the saide House and Tenemente, given by the saide JOAHN 
 CROSSING and FRANCIS CROSSING as aforesaide, notwithstanding 
 the Statute of Mortmaine, as all other Lands, Tenements, Rents, 
 and Hereditaments, Goods and Chattells, reallorpersonall, which 
 are or shall bee given unto the said Hospitall, or purchased by 
 the Governour of the same, soe as all the saide Lands, Tene- 
 ments, Hereditaments, and Rents soe to bee purchased or given,
 
 284 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 (excepte the saide Hospitall House, and Tenemente adjoyning) 
 in the whole together shall not exceede the cleere yearelie value 
 of Five hundred pounds, and should not bee held in capite, or by 
 Knight's service. And that the saide Governours and their Suc- 
 cessors, or the major parte of them, might have power to make 
 Lawes and Ordinances for the well governing, placing and 
 displacing of the Members or other Officers of the saide Hospi- 
 tall, not repugnante to the Lawes of our Realme, and to 
 make Eleccon of such Officer or Officers concerning the saide 
 Hospitall or the Lands, Goods, and Revennewes of the same, 
 as they, or the major parte of them, shall thinke fitt. And 
 that the saide Governours, and theire Successors, might be 
 the Visitors of the saide Hospitall, and might have and use a 
 Conron Scale to lease or otherwise dispose of theire Lands, 
 Tenements, or Hereditaments, Goods or Chattells, or for anie 
 other use touching or concerning the sayde Hospitall ; with such 
 other Powers, Liberties, and Priviledges as shall bee meete for 
 the well ordering and establishing of the saide Hospitall. KNOWE 
 YEE, That WEE therefore affecting such pious and charitable 
 workes, and oiit of our Royall Inclynacon to promote and advance 
 the same, Of our especial! grace, certaine knowledge, and ineere 
 mocon, Have given and graunted, And by theise Presents for 
 us, our heires, and successors, Doe give and graunte to the saide 
 Maior, Bayliffe, and Colaltye of the Cittye of Exeter, full power, 
 lycense, and lawfull authoritie att all tyines hereafter, att theire 
 Wills and Pleasures, to place, erecte, found and establishe att or 
 in the saide House, heretofore called SAINTE JOHN'S HOSPITALL 
 within the Cittie of Exeter, and other the Premisses thereunto 
 adjoyning, One Hospitall House or Place of abyding for the 
 fynding sustentac5n, releife, and educacon in learning, and all or 
 anie other lawfull Arts and Trades of poore Children from tyme 
 to tyme borne or inhabiting within the saide Cittie or Countie of 
 the same. And for the habitacon, releife, and mainetenance of 
 aged or impotent poore people, from tyme to tyme inhabitinge 
 within the saide Cittie or Countie of the same. And of soe 
 manie children, or aged or impotente poore people, and such 
 other Members and Officers of the saide Hospitall, as to the 
 Governours of the saide Hospitall hereafter named, and their 
 Successors, or the greater parte of them for the tyme being, 
 shall seeme meete. And that the saide Governours for the tyme 
 being, and theire Successors, shall have full power, lycense and 
 lawfull authoritie, att their Wills and Pleasures from tyme to 
 tyme and att all tymes hereafter, to place therein such Master or 
 Head of the saide Hospitall and nombar of poore People and 
 Children, and such other Members and Officers of the saide Hos- 
 pitall as to them, or the greater parte of them for the tyme be-
 
 EXETE*.] DEVON. 285 
 
 ing, shall seeme conveniente. And further, Wee, of our especiall 
 grace, certeine Knowledge, and mere mocon, Have given and 
 graunted, And by theise Presents Doe give and graunte unto 
 the saide Governors, and theire Successors, att theire Wills and 
 Pleasures, full power, lycense, and lawfull authoritie att all 
 tymes hereafter to place, erecte, founde, and establishe, att or in 
 the saide Hospitall and other the Premisses, One FREE GRAM- 
 MAR SCHOOLS, and One FREE EXGLISHE SCHOOLS, for the in- 
 structing, teachinge, maintenance and educacon of Poore Children, 
 or Schollars, borne or inhabiting within the saide Cittie of 
 Exeter or Countie of the same. And that the saide Governours 
 for the time being, and their Successors, shall have full power, 
 lycense, and lawfull authoritie, att theire wills and pleasures, 
 from tyme to tyme and att all tymes hereafter, to place therein 
 such nombar of poore Children or Scollars, as to the Governors 
 of the saide Hospitall for the tyme being, and their Successors 
 or the greater parte of them, shall seeme conveniente. And 
 likewise one or more learned, able and sufficiente person or per- 
 sons, to be Schoole Master or Schoole Masters of the same 
 Schoole, or Schooles. And one or more other able and suffi- 
 ciente person, or persons, to be Usher or Ushers thereof, to teach 
 and instructe the saide Children. And allsoe one learned and 
 godlie Preacher to reade divyne service, and to teach and preach 
 the Word of God in the saide Chappell to all the saide persons, 
 poore people, and children, Members and Officers, att or in the 
 saide House, with the allowance of the Ordinarie there for the 
 tyme being. And further, WEE, of our saide speciall grace, 
 certeine knowledge and meere mocSn, Haveordeined, constituted, 
 assigned, lymited, and appointed, And by theise Presents for us, 
 our heires, and successors, Doe ordeine, constitute, assigne, ly- 
 mitt and appointe, that the saide House, and other the Premisses, 
 shall from henceforth for ever hereafter bee, remaine, contynue, 
 and bee converted, ymployed, and used for an Hospitall and 
 House or Place for the abyding, dwellinge, sustentacdn and re- 
 leife of such nombar of poore people and children, as the saide 
 Governours of the saide Hospitall, and theire Successors, for the 
 tyme beinge, or the greater parte of them, shall name, assigne, 
 lymitt or appointe to bee lodged, harboured, abyde, and to bee 
 maineteined and releived there. And for the abydinge, dwell- 
 inge, sustentacon and fynding of one or more Schoole Master or 
 Schoole Masters, Usher or Ushers, one Preacher, and of one 
 Head or Master of the saide House and Hospitall as aforesaide. 
 And that itt shall and may bee lawfull to and for t^e saide 
 Master, Preacher, Schoole Masters, Ushers, poore People, Child- 
 ren, Members and Officers of the saide Hospitall, or therein to 
 bee placed, for the tyme being, to assemble, bee, remaine, abyde, 
 and cohabite together within the saide Hospitall. And that the
 
 286 DEVON. [EXETEK. 
 
 saide Hospitall shall for ever hereafter be incorporated, named 
 and called THE HOSPITALL of SAINTE JOHN'S within THE CITTIE 
 of EXETER, founded by HUGH CROSSINGS, Esquire, and others. 
 And the same Hospitall, Chappell, and Free Schollars, by the 
 the name of THE HOSPITALL of SAINTE JOHN'S within the Cittie 
 of Exeter, founded by HUGH CROSSINGS, Esquire, and others, 
 Wee Doe firmelie by theise P~sents for us, our Heires and Suc- 
 cessors, erecte, founde, establishe, and confirme to have conty- 
 nuance for ever. And for the better maintenance and contynuance 
 of the saide Hospitall, Free Schooles, and other the saide godlie 
 and charitable Uses, intents and purposes. And that the same 
 may have and take the better effecte, and that all and everie 
 the Messuages, Lands, Tenements, Rents, Revercons, Ser- 
 vices and Hereditaments, Goods and Chattells heretofore given, 
 graunted, conveyed, assigned, devised, willed, lymitted or ap- 
 pointed, or hereafter to be given, graunted, conveyed, assigned, 
 devised, willed, lymitted or appointed, for the mainetenance, 
 sustentacon of the persons aforesaide, in the same Hospitall, 
 male bee the better governed, used, and imployed, and be- 
 stowed for the mainetenance of the persons in the saide Hos- 
 pitall for the tyme being to have contynuance for ever, Wee 
 will, appointe, assigne, lymitt and name, And for us, our heires, 
 and successors, Doe graunte and ordeine by theise Presents, 
 that the Maior, Recorder, Aldermen, and ConTon Councell of 
 the saide Cittie of Exeter for the tyme being shall bee Govern- 
 ours of the saide Hospitall, and of the Lands, Possessions, Reven- 
 newes, and Goods thereof. And that the saide Maior, Recorder, 
 Aldermen, and Com~on Councell of the saide Cittie shall bee in- 
 corporated, and have a perpetuall succession for ever in deede, 
 facte, and name, and shall bee one Bodye Corporate and Poli- 
 tique. And that they, the saide Maior, Recorder, Aldermen, 
 and Com~on Councell of the saide Cittie, and theire successors, 
 shall be incorporated, and named and called by the name of 
 THE GOVERNOURS of THE HOSPITALL of SAINTE JOHN'S within 
 the Cittie of Exeter, founded by HUGH CROSSINGS, Esquire, and 
 others. And them by the name of The Governours of the Hos- 
 pitall of St. John's within y e Cittie of Exeter, founded by HUGH 
 CROSSINGE, Esquire, and others, One Bodie Corporate and Poli- 
 tique by that name to have perpetuall succession for ever to 
 indure, Wee Doe for us, our heires, and successors, reallie and 
 fullie incorporate, make, erecte, ordeine, name, constitute and 
 establishe by theise Presents. And that they by the same name 
 bee, and shallbee and contynue persons able and capable in the 
 Lawe from tyme to tyme for ever hereafter, And shall by y l name 
 of Incorporacon have full power, authoritie, and lawfull capacitie 
 and abilitie, to. purchase, take, hold, receive, injoye, and have to 
 them and theire successors for ever, aswell the aforesaide Hospitall
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 287 
 
 House and Tenemente adjoyninge, withall the Buildings, Cur- 
 telages, Orchards, Gardens, and Appurtenances thereunto belong- 
 ing, as anie other Messuages, Mannors, Lands, Tenements, Rents, 
 Revercons, Anuities, and Hereditaments, Goods and Chattels what- 
 soever, aswell of us, our heires and successors, as of anie other 
 person or persons whatsoever. And allsoe that the saide Go vernours 
 for the tyme beinge, and theire successors, shall have full power 
 and lawfull authoritie, by the aforesaide name of Governours of 
 the Hospitall of Sainte John's within the Cittie of Exeter, 
 founded by HUGH CROSSINGS, Esquire, to sue and to be sued, 
 impleade and to bee impleaded, to answeare and to bee answeared 
 unto in all Courts and other places within this our Realme or 
 elswhere, in all manner of Suits whatsoever and of what nature 
 or kinde soever such suite or Accon bee or shalbee in the same, 
 and in as ample manner and forme to all Intentes, Constructions, 
 and Purposes as anie other person or persons Bodies politique or 
 corporate of this our Realme of England, being able persons in 
 the Lawe, may doe. And furthermore, Wee will and graunte 
 by theise Presents for us, our heires and successors, unto the 
 saide Governours for the tyme beinge and theire successors, that 
 they and theire successors shall have and injoye for ever A 
 Confon Scale, wherewith the same CorporacSn shall and may 
 scale anie manner of deede, writinge, or instrumente touchinge 
 the same Corporacon, or the Mannors, Lands, Tenem ts , Rents, 
 Revercons, Anuityes, and Hereditaments, Goods, Chattells and 
 other things thereunto belonging, or in anie wise touchinge or 
 concerninge the same. And Wee Doe further of our especiall 
 grace, certeine knowledge, and meere mocon for us, our heires, 
 and successors, give and graunte, that the saide Master, Preacher, 
 Schoole Masters, Ushers, Poore people, Children, Schollars, 
 Members and Officers of the saide Hospitall, and everie of them, 
 shallbee allowed, ordered, governed, directed, visited, placed or 
 displaced by the saide Governours and their successors, or the 
 greater parte of them, according to such Allowances, Rules, 
 Statutes, and Ordinances, as shallbee appointed, sette forth, 
 devised, or established by the saide Governours for the tyme 
 beinge or their successors, or the more parte of them, soe as the 
 same Rules, Statutes, and Ordinances, soe farre forth as they 
 shall concerne the Preacher of the saide Hospitall, bee made 
 and sette downe with the Allowance of the Ordinarie there for the 
 tyme beinge. And further, Wee Have given and graunted, And 
 by theise Presents Doe give and graunte, to the said Governours 
 and their successors for the tyme beinge, or the more parte of them, 
 full power and authoritie to make, sette downe, and appointe 
 such Rules, Statutes, and Ordinances for the rule, govermente, 
 and well ordering the saide Hospitall, and of the saide Master,
 
 288 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 Preacher, Schoole Masters, Ushers, poore People, Children, 
 Schollars, Members and Officers for the tyme beinge, and for 
 theire and every of theire Wages, Stipends, and Allowances 
 for and towards theire or anye of their mainetenances and releife, 
 as to the saide Governours and their Successors for the tyme 
 beinge, or the more parte of them, shall seeme meete and con- 
 veniente, Soe as the same soe farre as they shall concerne the 
 saide Preacher bee made with the allowance of the saide Ordi- 
 uarie for the tyme beinge. And that the same Orders, Rules, 
 Statutes, and Ordinances soe by them to bee made, sette downe 
 and prescribed as aforesaide, shall bee and stande in full force 
 and strength in the Lawe to to all conjstruccons, intents and pur- 
 poses, The same not beinge repugnante to our Prerogative Roy- 
 all, nor contrarie to the Lawes and Statutes of this our Realme 
 of England, Or to anie EcclTall Cannons or ConstitucSns of the 
 Church of England, which then shallbee in force. And that for 
 the better govermente of the saide Hospitall, the saide Gover- 
 nours for the tyme beinge, or the greater parte of them, shall and 
 may have full power and lawfull authoritie to visite the saide 
 Hospitall, and to order, governe, punishe, place or displace the 
 Masters, Schoole Masters, Ushers, poore people, Schollars, Mem- 
 bers and Officers, of the saide Hospitall, and everie or anie of 
 them, and to order, reforme, and redresse all and every the dis- 
 orders, misdemeanors, offences and abuses in the persons afore- 
 saide, and everie or any of them, or in the saide Hospitall or 
 Free Schooles, Or in or touching the govermente, order, or 
 disposinge of the same, as to the saide Governors for the tyme 
 beinge and their successors, or the more parte of them, shall 
 seeme fitt, juste, and conveniente, Soe as the same soe farre as 
 it concernes the Preacher for the tyme beinge bee done with 
 the allowance of the Ordinarie there for the tyme being. And 
 further, Knowe yee, That wee for the consideracons aforesaide, 
 of our especiall Grace, certeine Knowledge, and meere Mocon, 
 Have given and graunted, And by theise Presents for us, our 
 heires and successors, Doe give and graunte to the saide Gover- 
 nours, and their Successors for ever, our speciall lycense and 
 free and lawfull lybertie, power, and authoritie to gette, purchase 
 and take to them and their successors for ever, for the mainte- 
 nance and sustentacon and releife of all and everie the person 
 and persons to bee placed in the saide Hospitall of and from the 
 saide JOHAN CROSSING and FRANCIS CROSSING, theire heires and 
 assignes, or anie other person or persons, aswell the saide Hos- 
 pitall house and Tenemente adjoyninge, with th' appurtenances, 
 as anie other Manners, Messuages, Lands, Tenementes, Rents, 
 Revercons, Anuityes, and Hereditaments whatsoever, of and 
 from anie other person or persons whatsoever, Soe as the same
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 2S9 
 
 Premisses or anie of them (excepte the saide Hospital! House 
 and Tenemente adjoyning) bee not holden of us, our heires, or 
 successors, in capite, nor holden of us, our heires, or successors, 
 or of anie other person or persons by Knight's Service. And 
 soe as the same Manners, Messuages, Lands, Tenements, Here- 
 ditaments and Premisses (excepte the saide Hospitall House and 
 Tenemente adjoyning) doe not exceede in the whole the yeerelie 
 value of five hundred pounds p. an"m. above all charges and re- 
 prizes. The Statute of Mortmaine or anie other Acte, Statute, 
 Ordinance or Provision whatsoever to the contrarie thereof in 
 anie wise notwithstanding. Allsoe, Wee Have likewise given 
 and graunted, And by theise Presents for us, our heires, and 
 successors, Doe give and graunte to everie of the Subjects of us, 
 our heires and successors, especiall lycense and free and lawfull 
 power and authoritie, that they or anie of them shall and may 
 lawfullie and freelie give, graunte, sell, bequeath, alienate or 
 convey to the saide Governours and their successors, aswell the 
 saide Hospitall House and Tenemente adjoyning, with the Ap- 
 purtenances, as aforesaide, or anie other Messuages, Mannors, 
 Lands, Tenements, Tithes, Rents, Rev~c6ns and other Heredi- 
 taments which are not holden of us, our heires or successors, 
 in capite, nor by Knight's Sen-ice, neither of anie other person 
 or persons whatsoever by Knight's Sen' ice, And soe as all the 
 saide Mannors, Messuages, Lands, Tenements, Rents, Revercons, 
 and other y e Hereditaments (excepte before excepted), soe as 
 aforesaide to bee given, graunted, aliened, bequeathed or con- 
 veyed, doe not exceede in the whole the cleere yearelie value 
 of five hundred pounds above all charges and reprizes, The 
 Statute of Mortmaine or anie other Statute, Acte, Ordinance or 
 Provision heretofore made, had, published, ordeined or provided, 
 or anie other thinge, cause, or matter to the contrarie thereof in 
 anie wise notwithstanding. And further, of our especial grace", 
 certeine knowledge, and meere mocon Wee Doe for us, our 
 heires, and successors, graunte to the saide Governours of the 
 saide Hospitall and their successors, that theise our Letters 
 Patents, or the Inrollments thereof, shall stande and bee good, 
 firme, stronge, sufficiente, and effectual in the Lawe to all the 
 intents and purposes aforesaide, and shallbee expounded, con- 
 strued, taken, and adjudged in all our Courts of this our Reahne, 
 and elsewhere, strongelie againste us, our heires and successors, 
 and most benignelie, favourable and beneficiallie to and for the 
 saide Governours of the saide Hospitall and their successors, 
 notwithstanding an ad quod dampnu hath not byn awarded touch- 
 inge the Premises, Or anie Omission, imperfeccon or defecte 
 in theise our Letters Patents, or anie other thinge, cause or 
 matter whatsoever to the contrarie thereof notwithstanding. 
 
 VOL. I. U
 
 29O DEVON. 
 
 Nevertheles our intente and meaninge is, And Wee Doe hereby 
 declare the same to bee, That theise Presents, nor anie thinge 
 therein conteined, shall extend or be construed to extend to the 
 prejudice of anie the rights, powers, priviledges, and jurisdiccons 
 of or belonging to the Lord Bishopp of Exeter for the tyme 
 being, or to the Deane and Chapter of the Cathedrall Church of 
 Sainte Peter in Exeter, and theire successors, or anie of them, 
 allthough expresse mencon, &c. In Witnes, &c., Witnes our 
 self att Westm. the second dale of June." 
 
 P. Bfe de Private Sigillo. 
 
 In IZACKE'S Register (Edit. London, 1736. pp> 41. et 
 passim) we have the following History of the Foundation, 
 and of the numerous Benefactions to it. 
 
 HUGH CROSSING, Esq., twice Mayor of this City, (i. e., in 
 1609 and 1620), taking into his serious consideration, the 
 great charge and increase of poor people and poor children, 
 the great use of Hospitals for the relief of either, and 
 the great desire of many of the Citizens for the accomplishing 
 of the same, who had by their several Wills given divers 
 sums of money to that purpose, which were totally lost, by 
 reason that such Hospitals were not erected within the times 
 prefixed, accordingly, in his life-time, intended to found 
 and erect an Hospital within this City, or liberally to endow 
 the same if it should be erected by any other, as he expressed 
 by a writing under his own hand ; but dying intestate 
 before he could accomplish the same, possessed of a plentiful 
 estate, JOAN CROSSING, his Widow and Relict, and FRANCIS 
 CROSSING, his only Son and Heir, as well of their own free 
 dispositions, as for the furtherance of the said charitable 
 intentions of the said HUGH CROSSING, for the Fine of 7*0. 
 purchased the Fee and Inheritance of all that House or 
 Scy te of the late Dissolved HOSPITAL of SAINT JOHN lying 
 within The East Gate, with divers other tenements, edifices, 
 orchards, gardens, and courtlays, to the said Hospital belong- 
 ing, And by their Deed indented, dated the 14th of Janu- 
 ary in the 21st of JAMES the First, 1623, did grant the 
 said premises unto Thirteen Persons, then of the Com- 
 mon Council of the said City, to hold to them, their Heirs
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 291 
 
 and Assigns for ever, Upon Trust nevertheless that the 
 said Trustees should from time to time and at all times 
 for ever thereafter employ, convert, and continue the said 
 House and Premises to and for an Hospital or Workhouse 
 for the POOR of the said City and County, in such sort as 
 by the Mayor and Common-Council of the said City for the 
 time being, or the major part of them, should be from time 
 to time directed, limited, and appointed ; the said poor 
 people or children to be always chosen, received, taken, set 
 to work, governed, directed, disposed of, continued, and re- 
 moved into, out of, and from the said Hospital by the Mayor 
 and Common Council of the said City. This Gift was well 
 accepted of by all, and yet in divers years thereafter little 
 use made thereof, by reason of several ways propounded 
 and attempted, which happened to great loss, not one of 
 them producing the desired effects, to the no little discontent 
 of the pious Donors, Until at length by the additional 
 Bounties of some other worthy and charitable Citizens, Let- 
 ters Patent were procured from his late Majesty King 
 CHARLES the First of ever famous memory, for the found- 
 ing of an HOSPITAL for the relief and pious education of 
 Poor Children, which hath been since much promoted by 
 sundry Benefactors, to the great comfort and honour of the 
 said City and Citizens. 
 
 THE CHAMBER of EXETER, in new building and repair 
 ing the Hospital, procuring his Majesty's Letters Patent 
 for it's better establishment, and in other expenses, are stated 
 to have disbursed about 500. 
 
 Alderman JAMES CROSSING, who in 1762 and 1767 had 
 been Mayor of Exeter, the Descendant and Representative 
 of the wealthy and benevolent Founders of this Institution 
 and the last of his Family resident in this City, falling into 
 poverty in his old age, found an Asylum in SAIXT JOHN'S 
 HOSPITAL, where, by the laudable bounty of The Chamber, 
 he was comfortably supported, in apartments appropriated
 
 292 DEVON. [EXETER 
 
 to his use, for the last five years of his life. He died 
 there on the 18th of January, 1794, at a very advanced 
 age. 
 
 GRACE SHEER, Widow of JOHN SHEER, Esq., Mayor in 
 1616, gave 50. towards the erecting of a Dwelling-House 
 within The Hospital of ST. JOHN, for a Master of The 
 Free Grammar School. 
 
 MARY MODYFORD, Widow of JOHN MODXTORD, Esq., 
 Mayor in 1622, gave 20. in her life time, towards the bet- 
 ter support of The Hospital of ST. JOHN. 
 
 JOHN GUPWILL, Esq., Mayor in 1623, gave 30. towards 
 erecting The Hospital of ST. JOHN, and the better support 
 of the same. 
 
 WALTER BOROUGH, Esq., twice Mayor, " a great helper 
 of the laborious and truly indigent Poor of this City," by 
 deed, dated the 28th of October 1625, enfeoffed Twelve of 
 the Common-Council, and their heirs, with certain lands and 
 tenements in the Parish of St. Paul's in the said City, then 
 of the yearly value of 30. and upwards, out of which the 
 sum of 20. per annum was to be paid for ever, towards 
 the maintenance and sustentation of poor Children in The 
 Hospital of ST. JOHN, within the East-Gate ; and in fur- 
 ther manifestation of his pious and charitable disposition, by 
 his Will, dated the 8th of March, 1630, he gave 100. to- 
 wards the erecting, founding, and yearly endowment of a 
 Free, Latin Grammar ScJiool within the City of Exeter. 
 
 REBECCA BOROUGH, his Widow, gave the sum of 200. 
 to ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 THOMAS WALKER, Esq., thrice Mayor, by his Will, dated 
 the 20th of Novr., 1628, gave his Executors 400. In 
 Trust, that they therewith should, within one year after his 
 decease, procure from the Mayor and Common Council of 
 the said City one Annuity or Rent Charge, out of the City 
 lands of such Sum or yearly value as they should agree 
 upon ; and for default of such agreement, then to bestow
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 293 
 
 the said 400. in lands, and convey the same to the Mayor 
 and Common Council, or such other as they should appoint ; 
 one moiety thereof to be applied towards the founding, 
 erecting, and yearly endowment of a Free Grammar School 
 within the said City, whereby the Children of the Freemen 
 might be freely instructed in the Latin Tongue , and the 
 other moiety, to be applied yearly towards the relief of the 
 Poor, in the same manner as the gift of Mr. JOHN PERYAM. 
 
 Lady MARY PRIDEAITX, Widow of Sir NICHOLAS PRI- 
 
 DEAUX, Knt., thentofore Widow of MORRIS, LL.D., 
 
 and Chancellor of Exeter Cathedral, in September 1630, 
 being informed of the erecting of an Hospital in Exeter for 
 the Education and Relief of young Children, in testimony 
 of her love and good affection to the welfare of the City and 
 such works of Charity, sent to The Chamber 100. to be 
 by them ordered and disposed of, in placing poor young 
 children in the said Hospital. 
 
 DOROTHY MOGGRIDGE, Widow of THOMAS MOGGRIDGE 
 Merchant, for several years in her life time gave 8. per 
 annum towards the maintenance of the poor Children in ST. 
 JOHN'S HOSPITAL. And, by her Will, bequeathed a tene- 
 ment, called " Boarsdoum" in the Parish of Colyton, Devon, 
 for the better support of the said Hospital, for ever. 
 
 GEORGE JURDAYNE, of Exeter, Grocer, by his Will, 
 dated the 22d of August, 1632, gave to a New School to be 
 erected, 40. And, shortly after, 
 
 ELIZABETH JURDAYNE, his Widow and Executrix, by 
 her Will, dated the 27th of September, 1633, gave to Five 
 several persons 500. to be employed by them, or the major 
 part of them, for and towards such good and pious uses 
 within the City and County of Exon, as they should think 
 fit, but, if they neglected so to employ it withuv/owr years 
 after her death, she revoked the Legacy. After much de- 
 bate, The Trustees thought fit to employ the money in 
 founding and erecting an ENGLISH SCHOOL within the City,
 
 294 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 to have continuance for ever. And, in October 1636, they 
 paid the 500. to The Mayor, Bailiffs, and Commonalty, 
 in consideration of which, that Body promised that, before 
 the 20th of the ensuing month of November, they would 
 procure His Majesty's License for founding an Hospital 
 within the City, and erecting an English School in it, and 
 would allot and provide a convenient Room in The Hospi- 
 tal, for a bchool-House, to be called " THE FREE ENGLISH 
 SCHOOL." That the School-Master should receive poor 
 Children to the number of FIFTY, and teach them to read, 
 write, and cypher, for which he should have 20. per 
 annum. That the Residue of the profit of the 500. should 
 be for the benefit of the Hospital, in such manner as The 
 Mayor and Common Council for the time being, or the major 
 part of them, should think fit. The Trustees during their 
 lives, on every vacancy of the office of Schoolmaster, and 
 within Sixty days after notice, to nominate Two sufficient, 
 honest, and able men, fit to undertake the charge of the 
 School, of which Two, the Mayor and Common Council, 
 within twenty days after nomination, should chuse One. 
 And, after the death of the Trustees, the Mayor and Com- 
 mon Council were for ever to elect the Schoolmaster. 
 
 NICHOLAS MARTYN, Esq., Mayor, by his Will, dated 
 the 29th of August, 1634, bequeathed to ST. JOHN'S HOS- 
 PITAL, for the relief of the poor children therein, their edu- 
 cation, and afterwards towards binding them out apprentices, 
 200. to be laid out in land within two years of his decease. 
 To which benefaction, SUSANNA, his Widow, added 130. 
 more, wherewith the inheritance of Two tenements in North- 
 gate Street in the Parish of St. Kerrian, Exeter, were pur- 
 chased, in reversion of the lives of herself and another 
 female, only charged in the mean time with a yearly rent 
 of 8. 
 
 JOHN HAYNE, Merchant, Sheriff in 1635, gave 10. 
 towards the better support of ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL.
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 295 
 
 PHILIPPA HAYNE, his Widow, gave the like sum, for the 
 same purpose. 
 
 THOMAS CROSSING, Esq., Mayor in 1624 and 1637, gave 
 the sum of 60. towards re-edifying the Hospital, and con- 
 tinued the payment of 8. per annum for several years in 
 his life time, for the education and better maintenance of 
 One poor boy in the same. 
 
 PETER HELLYAR elected Master of THE FREE ENGLISH 
 SCHOOL in 1637, by teaching FORTY Supernumerary boys 
 during THIRTY YEARS, for which he appears NOT TO HAVE 
 
 RECEIVED Or ASKED ANY REMUNERATION ; by deduction* 
 
 he allowed out of hi* Stipend ; by remitting other dues ; 
 and by monies he left in the hands of several Stewards of 
 the Hospital, which he had given out of his Pension of 
 6. a year for each boy, was a BENEFACTOR to this Insti- 
 tution, to the splendid amount in value, on a fair calculation, 
 of no less a sum than ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED 
 and THIRTY POUNDS ! ! 
 
 ELIZ.EUS HELE (perhaps, more properly spelt ELIZE 
 HEALE), of Fardel, in the Parish of Cornwood, Devon, 
 Esq., who died on the 1 1th of January, 1635, without issue 
 by either of his two Wives, a Lawyer of some eminence, 
 who, by marrying rich Heiresses, the emoluments of his 
 Professional practice, and his Patrimonial inheritance, be- 
 came possessed of a fortune of 1500. per annum, gave all 
 or almost all of it, by his Will, to JOHN HEALE, Esq., the 
 celebrated Sir JOHN MAYNARD (successively Serjeant to 
 OLIVER CROMWELL, and King^s Serjeant to CHARLES the 
 Second, JAMES the Second, and WILLIAM the Third), and 
 KLIZ^EUS STERT, Gentleman, " in Trust, to be disposed of 
 in Pious Uses as they found need." Besides the Benefac- 
 tions conferred by Sir JOHN MAYNARD, as one of these 
 Trustees, on Exeter College, as next mentioned, and on 
 Plympton and Totnes Free Grammar Schools, he gave for 
 the support and enlargement of ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL
 
 2S6 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 530, and, for the continual maintenance of the boys 
 therein, he settled upon the Hospital the rents of the Manors 
 of Clist $t. Laurence, Clist Gerard, and Teign-Harvey, and 
 of five Tenements in Bovey Tracy, and of two other Tene- 
 ments in Newton Ferrers, all situate in the County of Devon. 
 In 1637j the same Sir JOHN MAYNARD gave to Exeter 
 College, Oxford, 40. per annum, payable from ST. JOHN'S 
 HOSPITAL, out of which sum, 20. a year were assigned 
 to the Divinity Lecturer, and 12. a year, to a Lecturer 
 in the Oriental Languages, and the residue, for the increase 
 of the Fellowships. The present Divinity Lecturer (1818) 
 is, The Revd. JOHN THOMAS LYS, B. A., and the present 
 Lecturer in Oriental Languages is, The Revd. J. COLLIER 
 JONES, B. D., Sub-Rector of that College. 
 
 .** What yet remains of this great Estate, so piously 
 devoted, undisposed of" says PRINCE, in speaking of the 
 property of ELIZ.EUS HELE, " I know not ; only this is cer- 
 tain, if any such there be, it becomes all those who are more 
 immediately concerned therein to enquire; lest what shall 
 thus stick to their Jingars, should prove like the gobbet of 
 flesh, the Eagle lurched from the Altar, which had a live 
 coal adhering to it, that burnt up her nest and her young- 
 together .*" Worthies of Devon, p. 403. 
 
 THOMAS TOOKER, Brewer, Sheriff of Exeter, by his Will, 
 dated tne 31st. of March, 16'40, gave to the Governors of 
 the new erected Hospital of ST. JOHN and their successors 
 for ever, for and towards the maintenance of the poor children 
 there one annuity or yearly rent charge of 4., to be issuing 
 and payable out of three closes of land, called " Culver 
 Parks," containing about two acres and a half: One close 
 of land thereto adjoining, containing half an acre, called 
 " Glaziers Close," and his part purparty or portion of 
 another close of land, called " Job's Park,'"' all situate in the 
 Parish of St. Sidwell's Exeter, payable quarterly, with a 
 power of distress.
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 207 
 
 Mrs. JOAN TAYLOR, Widow of PETER TAYLOR of Exeter, 
 Merchant, gave 100. towards the maintenance and educa- 
 tion of a poor boy in ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 FRANCES DABYNOTT, Widow of ROBERT DABYNOTT of 
 Exeter, Apothecary, by her Will gave 30. towards the 
 erecting, and better support and maintenance of The 
 Hospital. 
 
 GRACE GILL, Spinster, a Servant of the said FRANCES 
 DABYXOTT'S, by her Will, dated the 18th of April, 1645, 
 bequeathed 5. to be paid to The Governors of ST. JOHN'S 
 HOSPITAL, to be employed by them for the use and benefit 
 of the poor children of the said Hospital. 
 
 THOMAS BRIDGMAN, of Exeter, Gentleman, son of JASPER 
 BRIDGMAN, Registrar of the Archdeaconry of Exeter, by 
 his Will, dated the 3d of April, 1641, among various other 
 Charitable benefactions, bequeathed 500., with the payment 
 of which he charged all his real and personal estate, within a 
 year after his death and burial, to be employed by the 
 religious discretion of The Chamber, towards the relief of 
 the Poor of the City and Suburbs for ever. One of the 
 Executors and Trustees under this Will was the memorable 
 Serjeant GLANVILL. The proceeds of this Legacy were, by 
 the mutual consent of the Executors and the Governor of 
 St. John's Hospital, appropriated to the binding out of the 
 poor boys, in The Hospital, Apprentices, when they should 
 be educated and made fit for Masters. 
 
 JAMES WHITE, Merchant, one of the Common Council 
 of the City, by his Will, dated the 28th of September, 1643, 
 devised as follows; " I give my garden and courtlaye, in 
 Little Britain, within the Parish of Allhallows on the Walls, 
 to The Warden and Society of THE HOSPITAL of ST. JOHN, 
 and their successors for ever, in lieu of 40*. which I have 
 formerly for divers years together paid to the said Warden 
 and Society quarterly, towards the maintenance of the Hos- 
 pital boys therein. 1 '
 
 298 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 JOHN LOVEEING, Merchant, one of the Common Council 
 and Receiver General of the City in 1647, gave 120. 
 towards the erecting and better support of the Hospital. 
 
 NICHOLAS CLARK, of the Parish of St. Sid well's Exeter, 
 Weaver, gave 5. for the like purpose. 
 
 NICHOLAS RICOST or RICAUST, Merchant, by his Will 
 bequeathed 20. towards the maintenance and better support 
 of THE HOSPITAL of ST. JOHN. 
 
 ROBEET VILVAIN or ViLVAYN, of Exeter, M. D., who 
 died in lf>G2, gave towards the benefit of THE FEEE LATIN 
 SCHOOL within ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL, the inheritance of a 
 tenement, in Paris Street Exeter, of the yearly rent of 
 2.. 13. .4. He also caused a new building within the said 
 Hospital to be erected, at the charge of about 600. He 
 likewise, in 1657 erected a new LIBEAEV, at his own cost, 
 in the Chapel of The Blessed Virgin Mary in Exeter 
 Cathedral behind The High Altar. 
 
 This Gentleman afterwards purchased of The Chamber a 
 plot of ground in the Manor of Exiland^ for a term of 999 
 years, upon which he erected a stately Brewhouse and Malt- 
 house adjoining, called " THE PUBLIC BEBWHOUSE," which 
 he gave freely to The Chamber for Charitable uses, that 
 is, towards the maintenance of FOUE poor boys, to be taken 
 out of The Free School here and sent to Exeter College, 
 Oxford. 
 
 Dr VILVAIN'S instructions respecting these EXHIBITIONERS 
 are, - 
 
 " 1st., I give for ever 32. yearly, to be paid quarterly to 
 FOUR Scholars pensions, to wit, 40*. apiece, towards their 
 maintenance in the University, which shall be paid to the Rector 
 or Sub-Rector of EXETER COLLEGE for the time being, by The 
 Mayor and Chamber or Corporation of Exeter City, out of my 
 Brewhouse and Malt-house, built or shortly to be built in the 
 Manor of Exiland belonging to the said City, which land I have 
 purchased for that and other Charitable uses. 
 
 3d., These four Pensioners are to partake of this Exhibition,, 
 who have not of their own, and whose parents are not of ability 
 to maintain them in the University :
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 299 
 
 3d., These shall be chosen, Two out of THE HIGH SCHOOL in 
 Exon, and Two out of THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL ; which the 
 Master of the School, when they are to be chosen, shall present, 
 with some others that are fittest, and without partiality, to the 
 Mayor and Recorder of the said City for the time being, who 
 shall be Electors after my death, together with the School Master 
 of that School out of which he or they are to be chosen, or any 
 two of them, who shall chuse City-born Children before 
 Strangers, (cateris paribus) if they be so well qualified for learn- 
 ing, behaviour, toward lives, and poverty, without partial respect 
 of persons : 
 
 4th., These shall enjoy this pension seven years, if they shall 
 so long reside in the University, and have no better preferment ; 
 but, if they take any Cure, or Benefice, or Academical Fellow- 
 ship or Scholarship, or other advancement, exceeding the sum 
 of 20. per annum, or if they be absent from the University 
 more than two months in each year, not giving a satisfactory 
 reason for his Absence to two or to one at least of the Electors, that 
 then his or their places and pensions shall be ipso facto void, and 
 the Electors shall instantly proceed to election for supply of the 
 place or places, which shall become void, that no Time may be 
 lost : 
 
 5th., If any of those places shall be void, and the School 
 wherein the Election is to be made have no Scholar at that time 
 qualified to be elected, then the place or places void shall be 
 supplied out of the other School, if it hath any fit or eligible : 
 
 6th., What Exhibition shall come to the receiver's hand 
 during such vacancy, the same shall be given to that Scholar or 
 Scholars who shall be next chosen to succeed : 
 
 7th., It is not the Donor's intent to diminish or abolish the 
 present or future bounty and benevolence of any well-disposed 
 person or persons towards the maintenance of any poor Scholars, 
 whose Parents are unable to maintain their Children in either 
 University ; but he desires that people would be so well minded 
 to advance LEARNING by free contribution : 
 
 8th., If hereafter the Two GRAMMAR SCHOOLS in the said 
 City shall be turned into ONE, then from thenceforth all the said 
 FOUR Scholars or Pensioners shall be chosen out of the School 
 remaining, by The said Mayor, Recorder, and Schoolmaster, or 
 any two of them, as aforesaid : 
 
 9th., The Pensions shall be paid to them, from Quarter to 
 Quarter, or a week or fortnight before each Quarter, by the 
 Rector or Sub-Rector of EXETER COLLEGE, their battles or 
 commons first deducted ; but, if it exceed the said 405. quarterly, 
 they shall battle or common no more 'till they have discharged
 
 300 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 or satisfied the overplus, for Security or Indemnity to the said 
 College." 
 
 SIMEON or SIMON SNOW, Esq., Mayor in 1653, gave in his 
 life time .148., for the finishing of the School-house in ST. 
 JOHN'S HOSPITAL, for the habitation of the Master of THE 
 FEEE GRAMMAE SCHOOL there, and 60. more, towards 
 the education of a poor hoy therein, he afterwards settled 
 the land and inheritance of two houses and a stable upon 
 the said Hospital for ever, lying in St. Keryan's Parish in the 
 said City, of the then yearly value of 15., and, by his 
 Will, he devised, inter alia, as follows, 
 
 " I give to the Corporation of the City of Exon and their 
 successors for ever, all that Brewhouse and Malt-house, called 
 " The Common Brewhouse," lately erected near the Ducking- 
 Stool Mills in Exiland, to be by their care and oversight managed 
 for the public good of the said City, and particularly for the 
 payment of ='32. per annum to FOUR PENSIONERS, called and to 
 be called " Doctor VILVAYN'S PENSIONERS," to be taken out of 
 The Free School, next to the East-gate, whereof Mr. BRADFORD 
 is now Schoolmaster, and my desire is, that the Mayor and 
 Justices of the said City do for ever nominate and appoint after 
 my death, who shall succeed in the places of those Four that 
 shall enjoy the benefit of that pension at my death, and that as 
 many as they shall think fit, and be capable of the said pension 
 (if any such at any time shall be there), be taken out of ST. 
 JOHN'S HOSPITAL, and afterwards sent to EXETER COLLEGE, 
 there to be and continue so long and in such Manner as my 
 Uncle Doctor VILVAYN in his instructions did desire." And then 
 the Testator proceeds to direct the payment of certain yearly 
 Fees to the Mayor, Recorder, Justices, and other Officers of the 
 Exeter Corporation, the Town Clerk's Fees to be 5. yearly 
 for ever, for passing accompts. And he willed, that the yearly 
 pension of the person employed in the said Brewhouse, and the 
 other yearly Fees, and the charges of sending the Four Pen- 
 sioners to Oxford, and the reparations of the said Brewhouse 
 and Malt-house, and of erecting and supporting another Charit- 
 able Foundation for the Education of FEMALES, should be paid 
 out of the profits of the Brewhouse and Malt-house. And his 
 desire was, that there should be engraven in a stone over the 
 Brewhouse Gate, " Doctor VILVAYN'S BREWHOUSE and MALT- 
 HOUSE erected for the PUBLIC GOOD of this City," and that in 
 some convenient place at ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL over the Stairs
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 301 
 
 or in some other place of public view these words, in golden 
 letters, might be inscribed " Doctor VILVAYN'S NEW BUILDING." 
 
 There still remains a Tablet in the front of the building 
 on the south side of the Quadrangle, now The Governors 1 
 Council Room, but not a vestige of any Inscription is left. 
 GILBERT KB AT, Esq., of London, gave and paid to the 
 Mayor, Bailiffs, and Commonalty of Exeter 400., for the 
 maintenance of Four poor children, Two boys and two 
 maids, from time to time, to be taken out of the Parish of 
 St. Mary the Moor (St. Mary Major) in Exeter, it being 
 the place of his birth and baptism : which two boys were to 
 be received into ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL, and the two maids 
 into a then intended Hospital for Maids within the City, 
 where they were to be educated and from thence bound out 
 as Apprentices, and the said Children were to wear on the 
 sleeves of their Hospital gowns these letters G. K., as was 
 agreed by deeds indented, made between the Mayor, Bailiffs, 
 and Commonalty and the said GILBERT KEAT, dated the 
 12th of August, 1656. 
 
 JAMES GOULD, Esq., Mayor, by his Will, dated the 
 10th of September, 1656, bequeathed to THE HOSPITAL of 
 ST. JOHN, founded by HUGH CROSSING and others, the 
 sum of 100., to be invested and employed in lands, for the 
 use of and towards the maintenance of poor boys which 
 should from time to time be taken into that house, " and 
 I advise the Governor of that Foundation speedily to 
 employ all monies belonging to that Foundation in land also, 
 and not to put it out to interest any longer" 
 
 EDWARD MITCHELL, of Exeter, Gentleman, by his Will, 
 dated, the 16th of December, 1657, gave to THE HOSPITAL 
 of ST. JOHN 400. (200. of which he afterwards revoked) 
 to be bestowed by Mr. SNOW'S direction, " but I desire 
 him, if it may be, for Two boys to be maintained there, 
 according to the Foundation of the said House." 
 
 JOHN MONGWELL, of Exeter, Stationer, by his Will,
 
 302 DEVON. 
 
 dated the 26th of October, 1658, devised his rent charge of 
 5. issuing out of two closes, situate in the Parish of St. 
 David in the County of the City of Exeter to the Mayor, 
 Bailiffs, and Commonalty of Exeter, and their Successors 
 for ever, upon Trust to be yearly bestowed in Bibles for the 
 poor Scholars of ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 ELIZABETH DOWRICII, Widow, by her Will bequeathed 
 to the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Commonalty of the City 100., 
 to be bestowed in land, one moiety of the profits thereof, 
 which Profits were computed at 5. per annum, to be ap- 
 plied towards the erecting and better maintenance of a 
 Free Latin Grammar School within ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL 
 aforesaid. 
 
 RALPH HERMAN, Esq., Mayor, by his Will, dated the 
 25th of July, 1661, gave to the Governors of ST. JOHN'S 
 HOSPITAL a rent charge of 8., for the better maintenance 
 of one poor body in the said Hospital for ever, to be isssu- 
 ing out of a tenement wherein he then dwelt, situate in The 
 High Street in the Parish of St. Martin's Exeter, with power 
 of distress. 
 
 RICHARD CROSSING, Esq., Mayor in 1649, gave 8. per 
 annum for several years in his life time to The Hospital for 
 it's better support. And he also gave, in land and money, 
 to the value of 500. more, with which a decent Corn Mar- 
 ket was here erected, out of the profits whereof a yearly 
 rent-charge of 30. arises to The Hospital for ever, by virtue 
 of an Indenture tripartite, made under the Common Seal 
 of the City, the Seal of the Hospital, and under the hand 
 and Seal of the said RICHARD CROSSING, dated the 30th of 
 September, 1661. 
 
 ROBEET WALKER, Esq., Mayor, by his Will, dated the 
 10th of February 166| made, inter alia, the following be- 
 quest. " I further give to the Mayor and Common Council 
 of the City of Exon, the sum of 100. to be paid within one 
 year next after my decease, and to be bestowed in lands
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 3O3 
 
 within six months next after that they shall have received 
 the same ; and the yearly rents, issues, and profits thereof 
 to be employed in such manner and to such uses as the 
 moiety of the gift of THOMAS WALKER my Father deceased 
 hath been and is employed, for the behoof of the Poor 
 there." IZACKE states, that this Benefaction, amongst a 
 considerable number of Charitable donations, WAS EMBEZ- 
 ZLED by The Chamber ! ! 
 
 JOHN COOKE, Merchant, one of the Common Council, by 
 his Will, dated the 6th of April, 1667, bequeated to THK 
 HOSPITAL of ST. JOHN the sum of 100., to be employed by 
 The Chamber of Exeter for and towards the maintenance of 
 ONE Poor Boy within the same. 
 
 STEPHEN OLIVEAN, Merchant, one of the Common Coun- 
 cil, by his Will, dated the 2d of May, 1668, bequeathed to 
 The Mayor, Bailiffs, and Commonalty, and their Successors, 
 for ever, a Rent Charge of ,10. towards the maintenance of 
 poor Children in ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL, to be issuing out of 
 the House in which he then resided, and payable Quarterly. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER LETHBRIDGE, Esq., Mayor, by his Will, 
 dated the 17th of November, 1669, after various charitable 
 Bequests, directed that the residue of the rents and profits 
 of certain lands and tenements, in the Parishes of St. Thomas 
 the Apostle and Newton- Abbot, Devon, should be for ever 
 yearly paid to The Governors of ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL, 
 towards the maintenance of one or more poor boy or boys 
 therein, for the binding out of Apprentices from thence, at 
 the discretion of the Governors. 
 
 Sir BENJAMIN OLIVER, Knt., Mayor, by his Will, dated 
 the 16th of April, 1672, bequeathed towards the mainten- 
 ance of poor Scholars in The Hospital within the City of 
 Exeter, 200. And, for the well ordering and disposing of 
 the same his Will was, that it should be paid by his Exe- 
 cutor to the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Commonalty of the said
 
 304 DEVON. [EXETER, 
 
 City within twelve months next after his decease, to be by 
 them improved for the use aforesaid. 
 
 HENRY GANDY, Esq., twice Mayor, in 1661 and 1672* 
 gave a tenement lying in St. Sidwell's Parish to The Gover- 
 nors of THE HOSPITAL of ST. JOHN, towards the mainten- 
 ance of TWO poor boys for ever, to be taken out of the 
 Parish of St Paul's Exeter. 
 
 JOHN BIDGOOD, of Exeter, M. D., who died on the 13th 
 of January 1690, by his Will, bequeathed to ST. JOHN'S 
 HOSPITAL 600. towards the Maintenance and Education 
 of THEEE Poor Children, to be admitted into the Hospital : 
 with which, and some Addition given by The Chamber, 
 a yearly Rent-charge of 30. issuable out of DURYARD 
 MILLS in the Parish of ST. DAVID'S in the County of the 
 City of Exeter, was purchased, and settled according to the 
 D-onation. 
 
 Sir EDWARD SEAWARD, Knt, Alderman, who had been 
 Mayor of Exeter in 1691, and one of the Representatives 
 in Parliament for this City, and who died on the 1st of 
 March, 1703, gave towards the education of the poor chil- 
 dren in ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL the sum of 600. which 
 money, with the addition of 119..4..0., freely given by The 
 Chamber, was disposed of in the purchase of an Estate in 
 land, and settled on this Hospital for ever. 
 
 But nothing can exceed the good Sense, Perspicuity, arid 
 Benevolence of the following Will : 
 
 " I, LEWIS STEPHENS, D. D., Archdeacon of Chester, ami 
 Rector of Drokinsford, in the County of Southampton, do, the 
 14th of November, 1745, make this my last WILL and TESTA- 
 MENT : 
 
 ''.Funeral to be private, Debts to be paid. 
 
 " First, reserving to myself in and by this Will, a power of 
 bestowing and bequeathing what things I please, after the death 
 of my Wife, PHILADELPHIA STEPHENS, to be then bestowed and 
 bequeathed as I think fit, I do give to the use and benefit of 
 my said Wife, during the term of her natural life, (excepting
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 305 
 
 such things as are hereafter excepted in this my Will, and are 
 ordered to be delivered to the persons to whom they are be- 
 queathed within Three months after my death), all my lands, 
 tenements, fields, meadows, (except the Meadow commonly 
 called " LONG MEAD," late in the possession of Mrs. NOURSE, 
 herein bequeathed to the Rectory of Drokmsford), together with 
 all my houses, goods, jewels, plate, bonds, mortgages, debts, 
 arrears of debts of all kinds, Stocks in Funds, South Sea Annui- 
 ties, Annus post mortem in the Church of Exeter, and all dues 
 and demands whatsoever, and all other things (except as is 
 herein exeepted) which I possess at the time of my death. To 
 have and to hold, possess and enjoy them, and to exchange, 
 alter, or sell the household goods, During her natural life, in 
 the most free and ample manner, as shall seem best to her dis- 
 cretion j and that she shall have the full use and management 
 of them without any let, hinderance, or molestation from any of 
 my Relations, and without any Inventory of my goods or plate 
 required from her ; And by this Will I discharge her from any 
 account to my Relations, of or for any of my effects, and of and 
 for the c'3OOO. as is specified in this Will. I allow her ihi-i 
 freedom, because I know her to be a Gentlewoman of great VIRTUE, 
 sincere RELIGION, strict HONESTY, and true HONOUR j and, 
 therefore, when I am dead, I can safely trust her with every 
 thing, as I did when I was alive. But if the Securities for the 
 3000. hereafter bequeathed should be altered, as in all likeli- 
 hood they may, and if it be necessary and expedient that the 
 said 3OOO. should be settled into other hands than at present, 
 my request to my Widow is, that she would consult The Mayor 
 and Chamber of Exeter, about the new settling of it; and I 
 could wish, that it might be with their approbation. 
 
 " That the education of my Nephew, LEWIS STEPHENS, son 
 of The Revd. WILLIAM STEPHENS, late Vicar of St. Andrew's, 
 Plymouth, may be as little burdensome as possible to my 
 Widow, I give him 4O. a year for his Education in The Uni- 
 versity, 'till he arrives at the age of Twenty-four, and no longer, 
 To be paid out of the principal money due to me at this time 
 from Sir THOMAS DYKE ; but, in case my Widow die before he 
 is Twenty-four, then this 4O. a year to cease entirely, and he 
 shall receive nothing more than the Annuity which arises out of 
 the .3000. hereafter mentioned. 
 
 ' A Meadow at Drokinsford, to his Successors in that Living, 
 also a Chalice and Cover. 
 
 " To The Revd. GEORGE ANSTIS, his Father's picture, and 
 some Books. 
 
 " The rest of his Books, to his Wife, to Sir THOMAS DYKE, 
 VOL, i. X
 
 506 DEVON. 
 
 to the Parish Church of Drokinsford, to THE FREE SCHOOL 
 in SAINT JOHN'S HOSPITAL in Exeter ; some few to some 
 others. 
 
 " Rings to PETER FOULKES, NICHOLAS WEBBER, Alderman 
 LEE, Aldermen HEATH and BRAINE, JOHN ANSTIS, GEORGE 
 ANSTIS, Sir THOMAS DYKE, &c. &c. 
 
 " To each of my Brothers and Sisters, and to each of their 
 Children that have no other Legacy, the sum of 20s. each, in 
 full of all my effects which I intend to leave them j and I do 
 hereby cut off all other claims of theirs. 
 
 " After the death of my Widow, I give to my Brother, OLIVER 
 STEPHENS, 20., to CHARLES TRELAWNEY, Esq., 10., to Mr. 
 GREGOR 10., PETER FOULKES \0., GEORGE ANSTIS 10., 
 THOMAS VERNON 10., Mr. HICKS 5., ARTHUR BRADLEY 5., 
 to be paid out of the money due on a Mortgage of part of Sir 
 THOMAS DYKE'S estate in Sussex ; which Legacies will arise 
 out of the great overplus, above the 3000., the Interest of 
 which I dispose of in the following manner: 
 
 " After the decease of my Wife, I will and ordain that 
 3000,. viz., 1000 be payable out of the Mortgage of part of 
 Sir THOMAS DYKE'S lands in Sussex, and the rest shall be paid 
 out of the 650. due to 'me on bond from Sir THOMAS DYKE, 
 and out of the 1200. which I now have in South Sea Annui- 
 ties and other Funds, and out of the 150. Mortgage which I 
 have of lands in East Moor, in Hampshire, or however these 
 Securities may be altered and lodged into other hands at the 
 death of my Widow ; for these are no lasting Securities, and 
 shall be received by Trustees hereafter named, within Six months 
 after the decease of my Widow, or continued in the same Secu- 
 rities 'till settled in The Mayor and Chamber of Exeter, In 
 Trust First, for my two Nephews, and After their decease, In 
 Trust for the benefit of EXHIBITIONS, according to the express 
 terms and conditions of this my last Will, and not otherwise, 
 nor to be applied to any other uses or purposes. 
 
 " My Will is that, until the day of settling the said 3000. 
 by the Trustees and investing it in The Mayor and Chamber of 
 Exeter In Trust for the use and purpose hereafter mentioned, 
 My two Nephews, LEWIS STEPHENS, son of OLIVER STEPHENS, 
 now aged about One year, and LEWIS STEPHENS, son of WIL- 
 LIAM STEPHENS, late Vicar of St. Andrew's, Plymouth, shall re- 
 ceive and enjoy the full interest of the said 3OOO. in these 
 portions, viz., 20. shall be paid annually to LEWIS, son of 
 OLIVER STEPHENS, out of the said Interest, and the remainder 
 of the said Interest of the 300O. shall be paid yearly to LEWIS, 
 the son of WILLIAM STEPHENS, to continue in the same course.
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 307 
 
 and divided in the same portions, and to be theirs and no one's 
 else, 'till settled and invested by the Mayor and Chamber In 
 Trust. 
 
 " That it may, after the decease of my Widow, be soon settled 
 In Trust for the use and purpose hereafter mentioned, I do 
 hereby nominate and appoint * BENJAMIN HEATH, Esq., and 
 f Alderman HEATH, his brother, both of Exeter, Trustees and 
 Guardians of the settlement of the said '3000. on behalf of 
 The Mayor and Chamber, and The Revd. GEORGE ANSTIS, of 
 Colyton, and The Revd. JOHN BURNE, of Stowford, Trustees 
 and Guardians of the said settlement in the behalf of my two 
 Nephews, with power to receive the said <30OO. within sLx 
 months after the decease of my Widow, or any part or parcel 
 thereof, and place other Securities, as they or the major part of 
 them think fit ; and if any dispute arises between the Trustees 
 and Guardians of the Settlement, they shall within one month 
 of the said Meeting, choose a Gentleman of Somersetshire, to 
 make a fifth man for that tune only, and determine it by the 
 majority of Five ; and if that does not end the dispute within 
 three months, then the dispute shall be referred to The Mayor 
 of Exeter, whose sentence shall be final ; and if any Suit at law 
 commences, then I will that the whole benefaction shall become 
 void; for my design is to assist EXHIBITIONERS, and not 
 Attornies. 
 
 " 'Till the 3000. is settled, the annual Interest of it shall 
 
 * BENJAMIN HEATH, Esq., LL. D., and Town Clerk of Exeter, 
 who died 13th Sept. 1766, aged 63 : the learned Author, of 
 " The Revisal of SHAKSPERE'S Text," whose Strictures on 
 WARBURTON, in that Work, Doctor Johnson in his celebrated 
 Preface to his Edition of SHAKSPERE, likens to the Bite of a 
 Viper glad to leave Inflammations and Gangrene behind him. 
 This Gentleman was Father of the late BENJAMIN HEATH, D. D., 
 F. R. and S.A., formerly Master of Harrow School, who died 
 31st May, 1817, aged 78 ; and of the present GEORGE HEATH, 
 DD., F.R. and S.A., Canon of Windsor, formerly Master of 
 Eton College. 
 
 f THOMAS HEATH, Esq., Merchant, Brother of Mr. Town- 
 Clerk HEATH, an Alderman, and Mayor of Exeter in 1738, and 
 1749, who died 5th July, 1759, aged 54. This Gentleman dis- 
 tinguished himself by his learned " Essay towards a New Ver- 
 sion of the Book of Job with a Commentary," 1755. He was 
 Father of the late Honble. JOHN HEATH, Esq., one of the 
 Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, who died 16th January, 
 1816.
 
 308 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 be paid in the following manner, viz., Five shares to LEWIS, 
 son of WILLIAM STEPHENS, and the sixth to LEWIS, son of 
 OLIVER STEPHENS j reasonable charges deducted. But, when 
 the 300O. is settled in The Mayor and Chamber of Exeter In 
 Trust, then I will that, out of the annual Interest of =3000., 20. 
 a year shall be paid to LEWIS, son of OLIVER, by half yearly 
 payments, for his natural life ; for I make him an Annuitant, 
 and not a free Possessor. 
 
 " Item, I give to LEWIS, son of William STEPHENS, out of the 
 Interest of the '3000. the annual sum of '30. by half yearly pay- 
 ments for his natural life, and no longer ; for I make him an 
 Annuitant, and not a free Possessor ; and the overplus of the 
 said Interest of 3000. to go as this Will directs : and, after the 
 decease of these two Annuitants, the said 3000. shall be em- 
 ployed for ever after in the assisting Six EXHIBITIONERS in 
 The Universities, or elsewhere, as this Will directs. Two sons 
 of Freemen, natives of Exeter, Two natives of the County of 
 Devon, and Two natives of the County of Cornwall ; to be all 
 bred Three years at least in THE FREE SCHOOL at Exeter, and 
 chosen to the University by The Mayor and Chamber, (excepting 
 the Six first Exhibitioners, who may be chosen from other Schools 
 in Cornwall or Devon, for want of persons qualified at the first), 
 and to continue Exhibitioners Seven years, and no longer ; there- 
 fore I order Six new ones to be chosen at the end of every Seven 
 years, for the City and each respective County ; or sooner, if any 
 vacancy happens ; a Citizen succeeding to the City, and one of 
 the same County to a County Vacancy. 
 
 <e If LEWIS, the son of WILLIAM STEPHENS, die first, his 
 Annuity of 80. with the overplus of the Interest money shall 
 be divided into Six portions and given to Six EXHIBITIONERS 
 who have been bred up in THE FREE SCHOOL at least Three 
 years, and are chosen to the University by the Mayor and Cham- 
 ber of Exeter : Two sons of Freemen natives of Exeter, Two 
 natives of Devon, and Two natives of Cornwall. And when 
 the Annuity of 20. drops, it shall be divided equally among the 
 Six Exhibitioners, and the whole Interest become but one sum. 
 
 " If LEWIS, the son of OLIVER, die first, then his annuity of 
 20. to go to a native of Exeter, son of a Freeman, bred three 
 years in THE FREE SCHOOL at Exeter, and chosen by Tha Mayor 
 and Chamber, to hold it but seven years, and no longer, when 
 another is to be chosen ; and to continue in this order until the 
 Annuity of 80. drop, and then the number Six to be filled up, 
 as before mentioned. 
 
 <e I do by this Will exclude all sons, grandsons, nephews, and 
 first cousins, of all Bishops of Exeter, Deans of Exeter, internal 
 or external, Dignitaries and Canons of The Cathedral Church of
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 309 
 
 Exeter, from enjoying any benefit of these Exhibitions ; for the 
 laborious part of the Parochial Clergy, and the sons of Country 
 Gentlemen of moderate for tunes, I do intend to have the benefit of 
 these EXHIBITIONS, and for the advantage of the City : And, 
 therefore, I solemnly desire and strictly enjoin, that, in all Elec- 
 tions, no particular regard shall be had to my Relations, within 
 any degree of Kin whatsoever ; but that every Exhibitioner shall 
 be chosen according to MERIT only ; therefore I have placed this 
 Trust in THE MAYOR and CHAMBER of EXETER, preferably to 
 Ecclesiastical Bodies ; I confide in their honour, justice, and 
 integrity, as plain men and honest men, and as those that will act 
 with the same impartiality that THE COMPANY of MERCHANT 
 TAYLORS do, in the Election of Scholars from that School to 
 SAINT JOHN'S COLLEGE, in Oxford ; and I make it a REWARD, 
 and not a CHARITY. 
 
 " If the Trustees and Guardians of the Settlement think it ne- 
 cessary to convert the 300O. into Lands, then I will and 
 ordain, that they lay it out in Farms of as large value as they 
 can purchase, not in Houses in Exeter, or in any other Town 
 and Village, unless they have a considerable quantity of Lands 
 adjoining; not in Parochial Tithes, nor Lands which have a great 
 deal of Timber on them, nor in leases from Bishops, Deans and 
 Chapters, single Dignitaries, Prebendaries, Archdeacons, or other 
 Ecclesiastical Bodies, nor in Leases from Colleges. 
 
 " When the 30OO. is settled, my desire and intent is, that The 
 Mayor and Chamber shall choose, out of the Freemen of the 
 City, a sober, frugal, substantial person, a Tradesman, and not 
 an Attorney, to receive and pay to the Two Annuitants, during 
 their lives, and, after their respective deaths, to the Exhibition- 
 ers, the annual Interest or Income of the said 300O. as is 
 directed by this Will : which Receiver shall enter into a Register 
 all Certificates of Residence which are sent from the Exhibition- 
 ers to The Mayor and Chamber : and he shall call for them at 
 the end of the year, if they are not sent ; and if no Certificate 
 eomes from the Exhibitioners in due time, he shall stop the 
 payment of the Exhibition 'till it does come. 
 
 " I do farther ordain, that every Receiver shall be accountable 
 to The Mayor and Chamber of Exeter, and shall every year lay 
 his Accounts before them, and likewise the Certificates, in the 
 Guildhall, on some Monday between Christmas and Lady-day, 
 as the Mayor shall appoint, and receive his discharge from The 
 Mayor and Chamber, and shall be capable to be removed from 
 the Receivership for such offences as would remove other per- 
 sons from offices of the like nature ; and I desire, that The 
 Mayor and Chamber will assign the Receiver a moderate Salary, 
 and enjoin him by Oath, or otherwise, to act truly and faithfully
 
 310 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 in his office, and not to take any fee or bribe from the Exhibi- 
 tioners, which, from the time of their election, shall be styled 
 " Doctor STEPHENS' EXHIBITIONERS." 
 
 " Since, upon the advance of Interest or other Accidents, the 
 annual Interest of the said '3000. may be increased ; and, since 
 the present Interest is more than lOO. per annum, which is the 
 sum of the two Annuities ; I appoint that the overplus shall be 
 laid up by the Guardians and Trustees of the settlement, during 
 the lives of the two Annuitants, for defraying the charge of the 
 settlement, and the Receiver's salary, and other necessary ex- 
 penses ; or if it should happen that, in the purchase of lands, 
 the purchase itself should exceed 4300O., then this overplus to 
 pay it ; but, whenever there is an overplus, I ordain that 20s. of 
 it shall be laid out every year in buying Classics, as the Master 
 shall direct, towards augmenting THE SCHOOL LIBRARY ; but, 
 if there is a deficiency of the Interest, then it shall be deducted 
 out of the two Annuities, according to the proportion of the sum 
 of each of them. 
 
 " When both Annuitants are dead, I appoint and ordain, that 
 the whole annual Interest of the '3000. shall be applied for 
 ever for the maintenance of Six SCHOLARS, who have been 
 educated three years each in THE FREE SCHOOL of EXETER ,- Two 
 whereof shall always be sons of Freemen and natives of EXE- 
 TER ; Two, always natives of the County of DEVON ; and Two, 
 always of the County of CORNWALL : And, on the first choice 
 of such Exhibitioners, if there be none qualified by their County, 
 then my intent is, that the Two first Exhibitioners for Devon 
 shall be chosen from Tiverton School : and, in the like defect for 
 Cornwall, the Two first Exhibitioners shall be chosen from Lis- 
 keard School ; but no more than the first turn; For ever after, 
 they shall be chosen from EXETER FREE SCHOOL, by The Mayor 
 and Chamber, who may elect the first Exhibitioners from Tiver- 
 ton and Liskeard Schools. In every future vacancy they shall 
 choose natives of the County of the first Exhibition. A CORNISH 
 man shall always succeed to a Cornish Exhibition, a DEVON- 
 SHIRE man to a Devonshire vacancy, and a Freeman's son of 
 EXETER, to the like vacancy ; that there may be always TWO 
 for each of the three respective places ; And when the EXHIBI- 
 TIONERS are chosen, they shall repair, within two months, to OX- 
 FORD or CAMBRIDGE ; and shall enjoy their Exhibitions for 
 seven years next ensuing from the day of their Election, unless 
 expelled by The University for Immorality, and no longer ; 
 for, my full intent is, that no person whatever shall enjoy it lon- 
 ger than Seven years, nor be capable of being ever again re-cho- 
 sen to it, after his Seven years were expired. If the natives of Devon 
 or Cornwall neglect to send their sons to Exeter, to be educated
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. t 311 
 
 in THE FREE SCHOOL there, then the Mayor and Chamber shall 
 choose into the vacant Exhibitions, sons of Freemen, natives of 
 the City of Exeter, pro hac vice, and no more, provided there are 
 natives of Cornwall and Devon qualified to succeed into the 
 County Exhibitions at the end of the next Seven years, when 
 those Exhibitions become vacant again. And my Will and 
 intent is, that an intermission of choice, for want of qualified 
 persons, shall not break off the right of either County, nor be an 
 obstacle to the right of future Claimants duly qualified by School 
 and County. 
 
 " If the Mayor and Chamber, through any quarrel among 
 themselves, or, through any neglect, or, any design of serving 
 particular friends or relations, delay the Election of Exhibitioners 
 of any of the respective Counties or City, longer than Six months 
 after any vacancy, Then my Will and intent is, that the vacant 
 Exhibitions shall be filled up, pro hac vice, by the Trustees and 
 Guardians of the Election for each respective place, within the 
 next six months ; and, after that, to devolve to the sole nomina- 
 tion of the Mayor of Exeter for the time being : therefore, I do 
 nominate and appoint BENJAMIN HEATH, Esq., of the City of 
 Exeter, and Alderman HEATH, his brother, Trustees and Guar- 
 dians of the election for the City of Exeter, -The Revd. Mr. 
 GEORGE ANSTIS, and The Revd. Mr. JOHN BURNE, Trustees and 
 Guardians for the election of the Exhibitioners of the County of 
 Devon, and CHARLES TRELAWNEY, Esq., and FRANCIS GREGOR, 
 Esq., Trustees and Guardians for the County of Cornwall j with 
 a power to fill up any Exhibition for their respective County, 
 after a vacancy of Six months, by reason of lapse ; then it shall 
 devolve to the sole nomination of the Mayor of Exeter ; and I 
 oblige him to choose, out of the same County, as enjoyed the 
 vacant Exhibition. And, that there never may be wanting 
 Trustees and Guardians of the election by any failure, I appoint 
 and ordain that, whenever any Trustee and Guardian of the 
 Election dies, the surviving Guardian and Trustee shall nominate 
 another Trustee and Guardian of election for the same respective 
 place, and so on for ever ; always intending that such persons 
 shall be chosen, as live within the City or County for which they 
 are chosen. 
 
 " At the election of every Exhibitioner, I desire The Mayor 
 and Chamber to take to them Two learned Clergymen, or more, 
 to examine the Candidates ; the Clergymen to be of the City or 
 County of Devon, as the Mayor and Chamber shall think fit 5 
 and enjoin that they shall examine publicly in THE FREE SCHOOL, 
 that any persons may hear the examinations, and judge of the 
 merit of the Boys. After the election is made, I insist on it, 
 that the Exhibitioner so elected, shall, within Two months after
 
 312 DEVON. [EXETER, 
 
 his election, repair to Oxford or Cambridge, and enter himself 
 in some College or Hall, and reside therein Nine months out of 
 Twelve, every one of the first four years, from the day of his 
 election, without fraud or collusion ; this I insist on as an indis- 
 pensible condition, and therefore I require, that every Exhibi- 
 tioner shall for the first four years, send a Certificate to The 
 Mayor and Chamber of Exeter, signed by his Tutor and the 
 Bursar or Steward of his College, that he has resided Nine 
 months in Twelve that year ; which Certificate shall be registered 
 by the Receiver at Exeter, and if not sent, the next payment of 
 his Exhibition shall be stopped, until it is sent. 
 
 " I insist farther, and make it an indispensible condition of 
 holding the Exhibition, that every Exhibitioner shall, at the end 
 of the Fifth year at farthest, take the Degree of B. A., or quit 
 his Exhibition at the end of the Fifth year, which Exhibition 
 shall be then actually vacant for the want of a Degree, and 
 another Exhibitioner shall be chosen into his place. 
 
 " If any of my Exhibitioners shall be chosen Scholars or 
 Fellows of any College or Hall, it shall not deprive them of 
 their Exhibition, 'till the Seven years are expired. If, after the 
 first four years are expired and a Bachelor's Degree taken, 
 (which two conditions I require absolutely from all my Exhibi- 
 tioners), he or they shall think fit to continue in a College or a 
 Hall, he or they are at liberty to do it, sending to The Mayor 
 and Chamber of Exeter, every year, a due Certificate of nine 
 months' residence in the University ; but if any one of my Exhi- 
 bitioners, after he has taken a Bachelor's Degree, enter into 
 Holy Orders, and accept of a Curacy, and reside upon the Living 
 (which I think is absolutely necessary for him to do), then he 
 shall enjoy my Exhibition one year longer, and no more : but 
 my Will and intent is, that the Exhibition of that last year 
 (which last year must always end within the expiration of the 
 seven years, which shall never be exceeded) shall be delivered in 
 Divinity Books only, and not in money, which I absolutely 
 Forbid to be paid to any Exhibitioner, which is become Curate 
 of a Parish ; and they shall be bought by the order of the Mayor 
 and Chamber of Exeter, upon their request to some learned 
 Clergyman of the City or County of Devon, to direct them what 
 those Books shall be, reserving always 50*. out of the last pay- 
 ment to every Exhibitioner, before he quits the Exhibition ; 
 \vhich 20s., upon the expiration of every Exhibition, shall be 
 kept back by the Receiver, and employed by the Mayor and 
 Chamber, for buying Books towards forming a LIBRARY for the 
 use of the Master and Scholars of THE FREE SCHOOL in Exeter ; 
 and the name of the Exhibitioners, from whom the 20s. are 
 deducted, shall be written on the first leaf of every Book which
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 313 
 
 is bought Avith it. This deduction of 20*. on the last payment of 
 every Exhibition, and the application of it for buying Books for 
 the use of The School, shall continue as long as the Exhibitions 
 shall continue, and shall be for ever observed. 
 
 " If any of my Exhibitioners, after they have kept four years 
 residence, and taken the Degree of B. A. in one of The Univer- 
 sities (which I positively insist upon) desire to apply the remain- 
 ing years in the study of the LAW, in any of the Inns of Court 
 in London, or in the study of PHYSIC, in the Hospitals in 
 London, or in the study of Civil Law, or Divinity, or Physic, in 
 any Foreign Universities, or to travel for the improvement of 
 Botany, Architecture, Painting, or Foreign Trade, I will and 
 ordain that such Exhibitioner shall receive his or their Exhibitions 
 annually, to the full end of the seven years, as if they were 
 actually residing in one of our English Universities ; provided 
 that they send a Certificate once a year to the Mayor and Cham- 
 ber, signed by the Chiefs where they reside, setting forth what 
 they are studying. And I further ordain, that any Exhibitioner 
 shall continue his Exhibition seven years from the day of his 
 election, that goes abroad the last three years in any Public 
 office, under an Envoy or Ambassador ; for my desire is, that 
 my Exhibitioners may be mingled in all professions, and make a 
 figure in every Science, Language, and Nation. 
 
 " I will and ordain, that any person, duly qualified, may be 
 chosen into my Exhibition, that is under the age of Twenty- 
 Two 5 and that any person, above that age, shall be incapable 
 of being chosen ; and I appoint, that before every election of an 
 Exhibitioner, notice shall be given in the Public News of the 
 election, addressed to the Gentlemen and Clergy of the County 
 for which he is to be chosen j and, after the Exhibitioners are 
 Members of a College in The University, they shall not be 
 deprived of their Exhibition for any other cause but Immorality, 
 writing against the Doctrine of Christ or his Apostles, or turning 
 Papist, at home or abroad ; therefore, as bare Exhibitioners, and 
 not Fellows or Scholars of Colleges or Halls, 1 do not subject 
 their Exhibitions to the penalties of College Statutes, for I would 
 have them bred up in a free, generous, English spirit, and in the 
 best Morality of the Philosophers, heightened and improved by 
 the nobler precepts of Christianity. 
 
 " I do further ordain, that there shall be no Feast or Dinner, 
 nor any other Entertainment, at the expense of the Benefaction 
 or of the Exhibitioners, at any time whatsoever ; and I positively 
 enjoin that no alteration shall be made by The Mayor and 
 Chamber, of any Rules prescribed, by this my Will, for the 
 education of my Exhibitioners after they are elected to the 
 University ; biit, that they shall remain in the same latitude and
 
 314 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 extent, which I have laid down in this Will, that Boys of genius 
 may be left to their own genius, and not chained to a Law-Book 
 or a Concordance 5 therefore, I allow the Mayor and Chamber 
 of Exeter to choose one of the Exhibitioners for the City to travel 
 abroad for the benefit of Trade, and I exempt that travelling 
 Exhibitioner from going to The University : but subject him to 
 such Rules as Mr. Alderman HEATH shall be pleased to draw up 
 for his direction, both at home and abroad. I require that he 
 shall spend four years in Trading Towns in Foreign nations, and 
 the other three in Trade at home ; and that he shall receive the 
 yearly Exhibition of the whole seven years. This is a permission 
 to the Mayor and Chamber for the benefit of Trade ; but I re- 
 quire that the person so chosen shall have learnt Latin three years 
 in THE FREE SCHOOL, and shall have a genius for Trade, and 
 that there be no more than one Travelling Exhibitioner, and 
 chosen no oftener than one election in three, notwithstanding 
 any thing in this Will to the contrary. 
 
 " I do farther will and ordain that, whenever a Trustee of the 
 election for a County or the City becomes vacant, the surviving 
 Trustee for the same County or City shall choose another within 
 six months, and notify it to the Mayor and Chamber of Exeter 
 within that time, to be entered on their books. 
 
 " I do declare that, by THE FREE SCHOOL in EXETER, I mean 
 that School which stands within THE HOSPITAL of SAINT JOHN, 
 founded by HUGH CROSSING, Esq , and others, and no other 
 School whatsoever ; for I would make The Mayor and Chamber 
 Electors of my Exhibitioners, as they are Electors of The School- 
 Master, and do not doubt of their will to perform the said Trust, 
 with integrity and impartiality, for the advantage of the School, 
 and the honour of the City. 
 
 "Item,I give all my Books in the Oriental and Hebrew languages, 
 not already given, to the use of the said Master and Scholars." 
 
 His Widow was within Six months after his death, to have a 
 copy of his Will on parchment, with the Probate annexed de- 
 livered to the Mayor and Chamber 5 as also others, to Devon and 
 Cornwall, to be delivered from one Trustee to the succeeding 
 Trustee. 
 
 " I admit Boys of larger fortune to enjoy this Exhibition, that 
 they may have some depth of soil of their own, and grow up and 
 flourish in it, that I may not, by making it a mere Charity, increase 
 the race of STARVED PRIESTLINGS." 
 
 Lastly, he reserves a power to alter this, or make a new Will, 
 cancels all former Wills, and then makes his Wife his sole Exe- 
 cutrix, without being accountable to any person whatsoever j 
 with full power to use and enjoy, during her natural Me, all his 
 effects of what kind soever, not given away at the time of his
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 315 
 
 death. " And since my effects," he observes, " are a great deal 
 more than what I have bequeathed in this Will, I make my said 
 Wife, PHILADELPHIA STEPHENS, my Residuary Legatee, and 
 give and bequeath to her, for her own disposal, to whomsoever 
 she pleases, whatsoever is not by this Will given and bequeathed." 
 
 The Will is written with his own hand, dated on the 
 14th of November, 1745, attested by PETER GOLDICK, 
 Junr., JOHN PETTY, PETER KNIGHT, of Drokinsford, and 
 ANTHONY PAYNE, - and was proved in the Prerogative 
 Court of the Archbishop of Canterbury, on the 7th of May, 
 1747, by PHILADELPHIA STEPHENS, Sister of the said Sir 
 THOMAS DYKE, the Testator's Widow and sole Executrix. 
 
 Doctor STEPHENS was also Archdeacon of Barnstaple, 
 and one of the Canons Residentiary of Exeter Cathedral. 
 
 The Public will learn with surprise, that it was owing 
 solely and exclusively to the Zeal and spirited Exertions of 
 The Revd. ROBERT BARTHOLOMEW, whilst Head Master of 
 the School and when many years had elapsed since the death 
 of PHILADELPHIA STEPHENS, that Doctor STEPHENS'^ Will 
 was discovered, brought to light, and made public, and the 
 donation, with a very considerable arrear of interest, re- 
 claimed, and consigned to the Trustees. His laudable en- 
 deavours and ultimate success entitle him to the GRATITUDE 
 of his Fellow Citizens, and to a conspicuous Station amongst 
 the most eminent BENEFACTORS to this venerable Establish- 
 ment. 
 
 This extraordinary Incident may possibly induce a sus- 
 picion that Dr. STEPHENS' s confidence has been misplaced, 
 and that further Inquiry is still necessary, for, after the 
 most diligent search, it cannot be discovered who are his 
 present Exhibitioners, or whether there be any, but it 
 seems satisfactorily ascertained, that no notices of Election, 
 pursuant to the Directions of the Will, ever find their way 
 into the Public Prints. 
 
 The Governors of ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL pay to the
 
 ;J16 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 Master of a Writing School at Moreton-Hampstead 10. a 
 year, at their pleasure. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL is open to the Sons of 
 Freemen of Exeter only, free of expense; who are admitted 
 by an order of the Governors, made at an Hospital Meeting. 
 
 There are not, nor have there been for a great number of 
 years, with very few exceptions, any boys who receive a 
 gratuitous Education. There are at present about ten boys 
 who attend the School ; and about Twenty-two Boarders in 
 the Master's house. 
 
 In the time of The Revd. ROBERT BARTHOLOMEW, the 
 immediate Predecessor of Dr. LEMPRIERE, there were upon 
 an average FORTY Day-Scholars, and FIFTY Boarders. In 
 the time of The Revd. JOHN MARSHALL, Mr. BARTHOLO- 
 MEW'S immediate Predecessor, when private Tuition was less 
 common, the average number was still greater ; there being 
 then seldom, if ever, so small a number of boys in the 
 School-room, as ONE HUNDRED; under the superintendence 
 of the Master assisted by Two Ushers, both in Holy Orders. 
 The School, under both the last named Masters, was in 
 hicrh and deserved repute, and sent out many distinguished 
 Scholars. The strict ETON plan was acted upon. 
 
 VALPY'S Latin and Greek Grammars are now used. All 
 the Boarders, and as many of the Day- Scholars as choose, 
 employ the Afternoons of Three days in the week in learn- 
 ing writing and arithmetic, in the Library adjoining the 
 School-room. And as many of both denominations as 
 choose, are instructed in Drawing, during School hours. 
 For all which Extra-charges are made. 
 
 The present Master is, JOSEPH LEMPRIERE, D. D., whose 
 Salary is 40. per annum, with the House already men- 
 tioned. This Gentleman's terms for Boarders are, Entrance 
 Three guineas, and Thirty guineas a year each, including 
 all Tuition. The Day-scholars, for as no boys receive a 
 gratuitous Education none can in strictness be said to be on 
 
 o
 
 EXETER.] DEVON. 317 
 
 the Foundation, pay Eight guineas a year for Classical Edu- 
 cation, which are about the Terms, on which the Latin and 
 Greek Classics are taught in various private Schools in the 
 City and Suburbs, conducted by Clergymen of the Estab- 
 lishment, and Four guineas a year for writing and arith- 
 metic. 
 
 The following is a List of THE MASTERS, 
 
 1679. July 29. EDWARD BRADFORD, who succeeded 
 
 his Father of both his names. 
 1683. March 4. JAMES SALTER, vice BRADFORD. 
 1689. Jany. 19. ZACHARY MAVNE, vice SALTER re- 
 moved. 
 
 1694. Dec. 20. STEPHEN THORPE, vice MATNE. 
 1713. March 4. JOHN REYNOLDS,* vice THORPE. 
 1733. March 23. WILLIAM REYNOLDS, his Son, vice 
 
 JOHN REYNOLDS resigned. 
 
 1743. Feb. 16. JOHN BITRNE, vice WILLIAM REY- 
 NOLDS resigned. 
 
 1743. March 23. TILLEMAN HODGKINSON, Fellow of 
 King's College, Cambridge, vice BURNE, who 
 being presented to a Living after his Election, de- 
 clined accepting the Mastership of the School. 
 1763. Feb. 12. JAMES SVMOXS, who on the 19th of 
 April following, and before Mr. HODGKINSON had 
 quitted the School, resigned. 
 
 1763. May 6. JOHN MARSHALL, vice SYMONS re- 
 signed. 
 
 * This Gentleman was the Editor of the very useful Edition , 
 of POMPONIUS MELA, originally printed at Exeter, 4to, in 171 1, 
 under the auspices of WAKE, then Bishop of Lincoln, afterwards 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, WILLIAM MUSGRAVE, M. D., Lord 
 Chancellor KING (a native of Exeter, and, most probably, edu- 
 cated at this School), Sir HANS SLOANE, and others ; and after- 
 wards frequently re-printed at London and Eton.
 
 318 DEVON. [EXETER. 
 
 1793. May 11. ROBERT BARTHOLOMEW, M. A., of 
 St. John's College, Cambridge, vice MARSHALL 
 resigned. 
 
 1809. JuneS. JOSEPH LEMPRIERE, D. D., of Pem- 
 broke College, Oxford, vice BARTHOLOMEW re- 
 signed. 
 
 Among the Eminent men who have been educated at this 
 School, may be enumerated, 
 
 WILLIAM MARTYN, Recorder of Exeter in the time of 
 JAMS the First. 
 
 THOMAS RUNDLE, LL.D., Lord Bishop of Derry. 
 
 JOHN CONYBEARE, D. D., Lord Bishop of Bristol. 
 
 HUGH DOWNMAN, M. D. 
 
 The late Honble. Mr. Justice HEATH, one of the 
 Judges of the Court of Common Pleas. 
 
 General SIMCOE. 
 
 The Right Honble. Sir VICARY GIBBS, Knt, the pre- 
 sent Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common 
 Pleas. 
 
 The Revd. STEPHEN WESTON, B. D., the learned Anti- 
 quary.
 
 HONITON.] DEVON. SI 9 
 
 HONITON. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at HONITON is endowed with 
 12. a year, arising out of lands situate near the Town. 
 
 Of it's history, those who alone are acquainted with it, 
 decline giving any information. 
 
 There are THREE boys educated on the Foundation, of 
 whom, one is chosen from the Parish of Awliscombe, 
 another, from the Parish of Buckerell, and the third, from 
 the Parish of Honiton. These boys are chosen by the 
 Feoffees of the endowment lands, and are eligible at any 
 age. There are usually between 50 and 60 boys educated 
 at this School. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used. 
 
 There are not known to be any Exhibitions, or Scholar- 
 ships, belonging to it. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. RICHARD LEWIS, 
 M. A., of Balliol College, Oxford. He receives no Salary, 
 but has the use of a Dwelling-house and School-room ; and 
 he has also the profits arising from Honiton Chapel, an 
 Edifice of a very considerable size, and much resorted to by 
 the Inhabitants, on account of the great distance of the Pa- 
 rish Church. His Terms for Boarders are 30. a year.
 
 3'20 DEVON. [KlXGSBRIDGE. 
 
 KINGSBRIDGE. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at KINGSBRIDGE was built 
 and founded by THOMAS CRISPIN, of the City of Exeter, 
 Fuller, by Will, in the year 168|. 
 
 The Endowment consists of a Dwelling-house for the 
 Master, a handsome School-room, and a yearly Stipend of 
 15. issuing out of an estate called, " Waslibear-Hays? in 
 the Parish of Bradninch, Devon. 
 
 It is said that this Estate was, at the time of the Endow- 
 ment, of the annual value of 30. ; and that there has not 
 been, nor can be, any increase of the Master's Stipend, the 
 remaining Rents being applicable to other purposes, viz, 
 5. for the instruction of TWELVE boys in writing and cy- 
 phering, 5. for the instruction of TWENTY- FIVE in Eng- 
 lish reading, and 5. for repairing the School-house, and 
 collecting the Rents. 
 
 In 1691 or 1692, WILLIAM DDNCOMBE, then Head-Mas- 
 ter of this School, by his Will devised some Houses in 
 Kingsbridge, and lands in the Parishes of Sherford, Corn- 
 worthy, and Thurlestone, Devon, for the following pur- 
 poses, 10. per annum to anyone, two, three, or more 
 boys who, having been educated for four., or at least three, 
 years at this School, might claim it, for their assistance in 
 either of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, for four 
 years, and no longer : But none were ever known to have 
 received, or even applied for such assistance. Also, 6. or 
 not exceeding 8. for apprenticing boys to some Trade, 
 from the age of 14 to 21 years, who had been two years at 
 this School, and the like sum, at the expiration of the 
 Apprenticeship, to such boys as had conducted themselves 
 to the approbation of the Trustees for that period, And 
 for other purposes not connected with this Institution,
 
 Kl.VGSBRIDGE.] DEVON. 321 
 
 There is, at this time, a Suit pending in Chancery, be- 
 tween the present Master and the Trustees of BUNCOMBE'S 
 Charity. 
 
 The School is open, free of expense, to FIFTEEN boys of 
 the Town indiscriminately, if so many apply to the Trustees 
 for admission ; but, if a sufficient number do not offer upon 
 the Foundation, then Strangers may be admitted to that 
 privilege. The nomination is in the Trustees, or any of 
 them. 
 
 This School was in high repute in the time of The Revd. 
 JOHN WILCOCKS, who died a few years since ; and Thirty 
 Boarders at once have been known at the School, but now 
 only two or three are there. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used, but 
 the Introductory books in both languages are Dr. VALPY'S, 
 and the System of Education is at the discretion of the 
 Master. Under the present Master, the whole range of 
 Classical authors is resorted to, as occasion may require. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. ROBERT LANK, B. A., 
 who has the School-house, rent free, and the Emoluments 
 already stated. This Gentleman takes Pupils at a charge of 
 Six guineas per annum for education, but there is no fixed 
 sum for board and lodging; it has varied with the late 
 changeable times ; the highest has been 35. per annum. 
 
 VOL. i.
 
 322 DEVON. [SAINT MARY OF OTTERY. 
 
 SAINT MARY of OTTERY. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of SAINT MARY of OTTERY is of 
 very ancient date, and is one of those useful appendages ge- 
 nerally attached to Collegiate Institutions. 
 
 In 1336, JOHN GKANDISSON, Bishop of Exeter, having 
 purchased the Manor and Church of Ottery, founded in the 
 following year a noble College in the Parish Church here 
 for a Warden, eight Prebendaries, ten Vicars, a Master of 
 Music, a Master of Grammar, two Parish Priests, eight Se. 
 condaries, eight Choristers, and two Clerks, to the Honour 
 of CHRIST JESUS, THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY, ST. ED- 
 WARD the King and Confessor, and ALL SAINTS. This 
 College was endowed at the time of the Dissolution with a 
 clear Revenue of ,303..2..9. per annum ; And the site of it 
 was granted, in the Thirty-seventh of King HENRY the 
 Eighth, 1545, to EDWARD Earl of HERTFORD. 
 
 To the College Library, which was extensive, JOHANNES 
 de EXETER, Clerk, by his Will, dated the 28th of July, 
 1445, made a bequest of 136 books. 
 
 But, although the College was dissolved, the King, on the 
 24th of December, 1545, by Letters Patent under the Great 
 Seal of England, and inrolled in Chancery, for the common 
 good of the Inhabitants of the Parish of St. Mary of Ottery, 
 incorporated certain of them, and granted that, in future, 
 there should be FOUR GOVERNORS of the Hereditaments and 
 Goods of the Church of Ottery, of the Inhabitants thereof} 
 to be styled " THE FOUR GOVERNORS of the Hereditaments 
 and Goods of THE CHURCH of ST. MARY of OTTERY, in 
 the County of Devon," to have perpetual succession, and 
 appointed JOHN HAYDON, Esq., HUGH MORE, WILLIAM 
 TRENT, and WILLIAM SHERMAN, Gentlemen, the first Go- 
 vernors ; ordaining, that, when one or more of the said
 
 SAINT MARY OF OTTERY.] DEVON. 323 
 
 Four Governors should die, or inhabit any where without 
 the Parish, his or their Co-Officers should fill up the 
 vacancies within One Month, and that if they should fail 
 to elect within such time, it should be lawful for the Vicar 
 to elect one or more " of the better Inhabitants 1 ' 1 to perform 
 the office : 
 
 And he granted to THE FOUR GOVERNORS the Church, 
 Church-yard, Belfry, Our Lady's Chapel, Vestries, Cloisters, 
 and Chapter-House, with all things appertaining to them, 
 lately belonging to the dissolved and surrendered College of 
 St. Mary of Ottery, in Devon : 
 
 Also, ah 1 those Houses, called The Vicar's House, The 
 Secondaries' House, The Cloister's House, and The SCHOOL 
 HOUSE, with the appurtenances, lately belonging to the 
 Dissolved College, and all the houses, edifices, structures, 
 stables, dwelling-houses, gardens, orchards, lands, &c., in 
 Ottery, lately belonging to the same, the clear yearly value 
 of the whole : being then 45. .19. .2. : to be hoiden of the 
 King in Soccage, by Fealty only, and not in chief: and 
 that they should have a Common Seal, and might plead, 
 and be impleaded : 
 
 THE FOUR GOVERNORS were to pay to The Bishop of 
 Exeter, 6*. 8d., to The Archdeacon of Exeter, 6s. 8d. for 
 Procuration Fees, to the said Archdeacon, 2s. 5d. for Sy- 
 nodal s, and to the Vicar of Sidbury, in the Diocese of 
 Exeter, 9s. : 
 
 THE GOVERNORS shall likewise, at their sole charge, keep 
 in repair the Church, Belfry, Houses, Edifices, and Man- 
 sions, to be assigned to the Vicar and School-master, and 
 shall ,not convert the said Church and Premises to any 
 other use. 
 
 In consideration of which, as well the Inhabitants of the 
 Parish as the Four Governors, will yearly pay to the Vicar 
 or Perpetual Preacher, to be named and incorporated by the 
 King, the sum of 20. by equal portions, at Lady-day
 
 324 DEVON. [SAINT MARY OF OTTERY. 
 
 and Michaelmas, as a pension for the endowment of the 
 Vicarage : 
 
 And that they will yearly pay to the Schoolmaster the sum 
 of 10. by equal portions, at the said Feasts : 
 
 And that, immediately after the sealing of the Letters 
 Patent, they will make a grant to the Vicar, and School- 
 master, of a convenient House for each of them. 
 
 His Majesty afterwards more expressly ordains, 
 
 " And further, We being led by the particular Love and 
 Affection with which we greatly favour the young subjects of 
 our Kingdom, within our said County of Devon, that, for the 
 future, they being instructed from their Cradles in more polite 
 Learning, than before our times they were accustomed, may be- 
 come more learned when they shall arrive at a more advanced 
 age, thus certainly thinking that the Church of Christ, whose 
 Vice-gerent We are immediately on Earth, will not be less 
 adorned and graced by men learned in Languages, than by pru- 
 dent men for the good of the whole Kingdom, create, erect, 
 found, ordain, make, and establish a certain Free Grammar 
 School in the Parish of St. Mary of Ottery aforesaid, under one 
 Master or Schoolmaster, by the tenor of these presents really and 
 fully to endure always for all times to come : 
 
 " And We order that, being thus established and to subsist 
 for ever, it may be inviolably kept : And that the Grammar 
 School shall be called, " THE KING'S NEW GRAMMAR SCHOOL 
 of SAINT MARY of OTTERY," and that in the said School there 
 shall be a Master or Schoolmaster, to be nominated from time 
 to time by the aforesaid FOUR GOVERNORS, and by The Vicar, 
 the Preacher, of the said Church, which Master or Schoolmas- 
 ter so nominated and appointed as aforesaid, shall be called, 
 named, and styled by the name of " THE MASTER or SCHOOL- 
 MASTER of Our said School of the Parish of SAINT MARY of 
 OTTERY aforesaid ;" and We will and order him by these pre- 
 sents, to be called and styled for ever by the same name : 
 
 " And, that the Schoolmaster, and his Successors, the Masters 
 or Schoolmasters of Our said School, may have perpetual suc- 
 cession, and be capable of acquiring for themselves and their 
 successors, the Masters or Schoolmasters of the said School, from 
 the aforesaid FOUR GOVERNORS, a certain yea.-Jy income, pen- 
 sion, or annuity of 10., with clause of distress or any other 
 clause for the secure payment thereof." 
 
 In a subsequent part of the Charter a Proviso is inserted,
 
 SAINT MARY OF OTTERY.] DEVON. 325 
 
 " That if the Master or Schoolmaster, or one or more of his 
 Successors, shall be absent from the School for one month, so 
 often it shall be lawful for the FOUR GOVERNORS and for THE 
 VICAR to choose another Master or Schoolmaster in his place, 
 and to amove and expel the same thus absent and staying away, 
 and to withold the said Salary and Pay, and all other the Pre- 
 mises granted by the FOUR GOVERNORS." 
 
 There is an exemplification of the inrollment of King 
 HENRY'S Charter, on the 8th of March, in the Sixteenth 
 year of Queen ELIZABETH, 1574, on the request of JOHN 
 HAYDON, Esq, WILLIAM SHERMAN, JOHN EVELEIGH, and 
 JOHN COURTENAY, Gentlemen, the Governors at that time. 
 
 In addition to the Royal endowment, there is a Field in 
 the Parish of about Three acres, called " THE SCHOOLMAS- 
 TER'S FIELD," of the present yearly value of about 9. 
 
 By Indenture, dated the 15th of June, in the Seventeenth of 
 King CHARLES the Second, 1666, made between EDWARD SAL- 
 TEH, late Citizen and Dyer of London, of the one part, and 
 NICHOLAS CHANNON, Gentleman, and Seven others therein na- 
 med of the other part, The said EDWARD SALTER, for the spe- 
 cial love which he had to the Parishioners of the Parish of Ottery 
 St. Mary, where he was born, and for the better preferment of 
 some of the Children of the poorer sort of the said Parish in 
 Learning, and for the special trust and confidence which he 
 reposed in the said Trustees, and such other Parishioners of the 
 said Parish as might be thereafter their Assigns, of the yearly 
 Rent charge after mentioned, granted to the said Trustees, their 
 Heirs and Assigns, one yearly Rent Charge of 6. " to be 
 issuing out of a Moiety or Halfendeal of all that messuage, with 
 the appurtenances, called " Cross," and of a Close of land, cal- 
 led " Down Parke," situate within the Parish of Whimple, in 
 the County of Devon, then belonging to THOMAS DENNIS, of 
 the same place, Yeoman," 
 
 " Upon Trust, that, upon the Wednesday immediately before 
 Easter then next, the Trustees should assemble in The Free 
 School of Ottery St. Mary, and that they or the major part of 
 such of them, there present, should chuse out of the then Scho- 
 lars of the School, ONE born within the said Parish, and then 
 approved of by the Trustees to be fit for The University, and 
 whose Parents be not of ability to maintain him there, if there 
 should be any such in the said School :^And if his Parents or 
 Friends should be pleased to send him forthwith to The Univer-
 
 326 DEVON. [SAINT MARY OF OTTERY. 
 
 sity of OXFORD, and there should procure him to be admitted 
 into one of the Colleges or Halls with intent to have him educa- 
 ted in Learning, that then the Trustees, for his better mainten- 
 ance there, should pay him the said sum of 6. by the year, at 
 the four usual Quarter days, the first payment to be made at 
 such of the said Feasts, as should first happen next after such 
 his admittance : And should continue for Four years, if the said 
 Scholar should so long live, and continue resident in the said 
 University : 
 
 " And after the Four years, or other determination of the said 
 payment, by death or non-residence, the Trustees should, upon 
 the Wednesday before Easter, proceed to the election of a fresh 
 Scholar, in the same manner as is prescribed with respect to the 
 first : 
 
 " And so after the end of every Four years, or other the de- 
 termination of the said payment, the like election, and payment, 
 is to be made for ever : 
 
 " And if, in the election of any Scholar, the number of the 
 parties present and electing should be equal between Two such 
 Scholars, that then, for the deciding of the said Election, the 
 Schoolmaster of the said Free School, should give his voice, 
 and that Scholar whom he should so elect, should be the Scholar 
 chosen for that time : 
 
 ef And that the Trustees, after the sealing and delivery of that 
 Indenture, and until the Wednesday immediately before the said 
 Feast of Easter then next, and from thence until such time as 
 they by that Indenture were to pay the sum of 6. by the year 
 unto some such Scholar, should pay unto Two of the Scholars 
 of the said School born within the Parish of Ottery St. Mary, 
 likely to be qualified for their election, for their better mainten- 
 ance and education as they should forthwith chuse, the sum of 
 6. by the year, viz., to each of them 3., quarterly : 
 
 <f And if the said Scholars or either of them should happen to 
 depart this life, or leave the said School, before any such Scho- 
 lar should be of the said University, then the Trustees should 
 chuse some other Scholar of the said School, in his room : 
 And the Trustees should pay him the sum of 3. per annum, as 
 his Predecessor would have had the same : 
 
 " And such payment of the sum of 6. by the year to Two, 
 such Scholars, as often as there should be no such Scholars in 
 the said University to receive the same, should continue likewise 
 for ever : 
 
 " And, that when Four or more of the said Eight Trustees, for 
 tiae time being, should depart this life, or out of the Parish of 
 Ottery St. Mar)' and dwell elsewhere, that it should be lawful
 
 SAINT MARY OF OTTERY.] DEVON. 327 
 
 for the residue of the Trustees, together with some of the chiefest 
 and most substantial Inhabitants of the Parish, to elect so many 
 other of the Inhabitants of the said Parish, not being Ten- 
 ants of any part of the said lands out of which the said rent was 
 issuing, as would make up the number of EIGHT persons to be 
 Trustees with them, and to stand jointly seised of the premises, 
 for the better performance of the trusts, aforesaid, And so suc- 
 cessively for ever; And after such elections so many of the said 
 Trustees as should be then living within the said Parish, should 
 at the reasonable request, costs and charges of the Inhabitants 
 of the Parish for the time being, make new Conveyances of the 
 said Rent- Charge to the newly elected Trustees, and to their 
 Heirs, to the use as well of the Grantors as the Grantees, In 
 Trust, as aforesaid : 
 
 " And, that if any of the Trustees should depart forth of the 
 said Parish to any other place to inhabit, such Trustee should, 
 upon reasonable request made, release to the residue of the said 
 Eight Trustees all his estate, in the said Rent-charge : 
 
 " And, that yearly Two of the Trustees should be appointed 
 Receivers to the uses aforesaid, and be empowered to receive 
 and disburse the same as aforesaid, And that NICHOLAS HAY- 
 DON and JUSTINIAN HARRIS were appointed Receivers for the 
 then ensuing year, and that the said Receivers should, year by 
 year, register in a Book fairly written, not only the receipts and 
 payments in their respective years and to whom the same should 
 be made, but should set down all such Elections, were the 
 same of Trustees, Scholars in the School, or for the University 
 as aforesaid, and all other matters touching the execution of the 
 Trust aforesaid, reposed in the said Trustees, as should be done, 
 in their respective years." 
 
 Although this deed purports only the grant of a Rent- 
 charge out of " Cross" and " Down ParJce," by way of 
 Exhibition, these lands have nevertheless, as long as can be 
 remembered, been enjoyed by the Master of the School for 
 the time being, and by him leased out at a Rack-Rent, at 
 this time amounting to about 40. a year. 
 
 The Revd. JOHN COLEEIDGE, who, in 1782, was Vicar of 
 Ottery, Chaplain-Priest, and Master of the School, and 
 who had previously been Master of South Molton School, 
 from whence he brought his eminent Pupil, the late Mr. 
 Justice BULLEE, with him, was in the habit of educating
 
 DEVON. [SAINT MARY OF OTTERV- 
 
 Two boys of Ottery, under the notion that the profits of 
 these Estates were intended as his remuneration for so doing. 
 On his death, the School declined under the two next suc- 
 ceeding Masters, but it's Reputation revived under the 
 Mastership of his son, The Revd. GEOKGE COLERIDGE, the 
 present Chaplain-Priest, who conducted it for about Sixteen 
 years, -and, about the year 1811, resigned it in favour of 
 the present Master, the Revd. JOHN WARREN. 
 
 On the 20th of July, 1691, THOMAS AXE, of Orchard in 
 the County of Somerset, Gentleman, by his Will, after divers 
 bequests, gives all his Houses in Southwark or elsewhere 
 within the County of Surrey, unto certain Trustees for the 
 benefit of his Wife for her life, and. after her decease, for 
 his son HENRY AXE for his life, with remainder to the first 
 and other sons of the said HENRY AXE in Tail male, with 
 the ultimate remainder to the Heirs of the body of the said 
 Testator : 
 
 And that, after the decease of his Wife, and Son leaving 
 no issue, the inheritance of the premises should be sold by 
 the Trustees, and the purchase money applied as a Reward 
 to any person, who shall discover the LONGITUDB at SEA. 
 As this is such a very curious and remarkable circumstarice > 
 that part of Mr. AXE'S Will cannot fail to be particularly 
 interesting to intelligent persons, and may not improperly be 
 inserted here : 
 
 " Whereas I am convinced by several of great knowledge in 
 Astronomy and Cosmography, that they know how to make the 
 Masters of Ships of the meanest capacity to find out the Longi- 
 tude as readily, and almost exact as they can find the Latitude, 
 but do not communicate this useful secret to the World, seeing 
 it hath and will cost them much money and pains by making 
 instruments, and therefore do expect a Re ward from the Publick, 
 or others, for the Discovery : 
 
 " Wherefore, if any person or persons shall within Ten years 
 next after my decease as aforesaid, make such perfect discovery 
 how men of mean capacity may find out the Longitude at Sea, 
 so as at any time they can truly pronounce upon observation as
 
 SAINT MARY OF OTTERY.] DEVON. 329 
 
 within half a Degree of the true Longitude,* and shall demon- 
 strate how it may be done to the Two Professors of Geometry in 
 Oxford and Cambridge for the time being, and shall give ample 
 proof thereof by the Affidavits in writing of at least Twenty able 
 Masters of Ships, that shall have made several experiments 
 thereof in long Voyages, which Affidavits are to be made before 
 the TWELVE JUDGES of England or before the major part of 
 them, of which the Lords Chief Justices to be Two, and shall 
 deliver a Certificate thereof signed and sealed by the said major 
 part of the said Justices, unto the said SAMUEL KEEBLE, WIL- 
 LIAM PRATT, and HENKY HOOPER, and Survivors of them and 
 the Heirs of such Survivors, that, in such case upon the receipt 
 of such a Certificate, the said SAMUEL KEEBLE, WILLIAM PRATT, 
 and HENRY HOOPER, and the Survivors of them and the Heirs 
 of such Survivors, with all convenient speed next after the death 
 of me, my Wife, -and Son childless, sell the Fee of all my said 
 Houses in the said Parish of St. Olave and St. Saviour's, for as 
 much money as can be gotten for the same, and that the sum of 
 ONE THOUSAND POUNDS of such purchase money be paid unto such 
 person or persons as shall have so discovered such ready and 
 easy way of finding the true LONGITUDE at Sea, and shall have 
 made such proof as aforesaid FOR THE BENEFIT OF MANKIND, 
 which said sum of One Thousand Pounds, on the conditions and 
 in the case aforesaid, I give and bequeath to such person or per- 
 sons accordingly j 
 
 " And moreover my Will is, that from and immediately after 
 the death of my said Wife, and of myself, and said Son leaving 
 no issue of either of our bodies behind us as aforesaid, that they 
 SAMUEL KEEBLE, WILLIAM PRATT, and HENRY HOOPER, and 
 the Survivors or Survivors of them and the Heirs of such Sur- 
 vivors, shall once in every year, until perfect proof of the Dis- 
 covery of the true Longitude shall be as aforesaid, and the said 
 Houses remain unsold, pay FORTY POUNDS, part of the Rents of 
 the said Houses, unto and amongst such person and persons for 
 their encouragement, as shall have employed their time to make 
 Observations at several Islands, and noted places in Europe, 
 Asia, Africa, and America, according to the Rules and just (de- 
 scription) of such said person or persons as shall have made such 
 discovery, how all men may find out the Longitude, in order of 
 making of an accurate map of the World as to Longitude and 
 
 * It was not until the year 1714, that an Act passed in the 
 British Parliament, authorizing the payment of a considerable 
 sum for the solution of this important problem.
 
 330 DEVON. [SAINT MARY OF OTTER Y. 
 
 Latitude, the disposal of the sum of lOOO., and of the said 
 40. by the year, my good friend Mr. EDMUND HALLY,* and 
 Mr. ROBERT HooKE,f be consulted." 
 
 " And my Will is, that if such perfect discovery of the Longi- 
 tude as aforesaid, shall not be made within Ten years next after 
 the death of me, my Wife, and our said Son childless, that in 
 such case the said Houses in Southwark shall not be sold, but 
 that the clear yearly profits of the same shall be divided into 
 TWELVE equal parts, and be distributed near about St. Thomas's 
 day to and amongst my said Brothers and Sisters and Kindred 
 during their respective lives, in such portion and portions as I 
 have limited my personal estate to them respectively in and by 
 this my Will, And from and after the death of my said Bro- 
 thers and Sisters and Kindred, I give the said last mentioned 
 Houses to THE GOVERNORS of the goods and chatties of The 
 Collegiate Church of Ottery St. Mary aforesaid, Upon Trust, 
 that they will yearly about St. Thomas's day distribute the same, 
 as followeth, viz., One part of the last mentioned Houses, to 
 buy drugs and plaisters, One part to the Minister, One part 
 to the Vicar, One part to the GRAMMAR SCHOOL-MASTER,- 
 One part to the Parish Clerk of Ottery St. Mary, And, as a 
 Fund to encourage Steadiness, Sobriety, and Industry, Three 
 of those parts to be as a Stock, out of which, upon the Marriage 
 day of any Young Man or Woman that shall not marry 'till after 
 the age of One and Twenty years, and that shall have lived in 
 one Service in the Parish of Ottery St. Mary for seven years, 
 and shall not have had Amis of the Parish within Jive years next 
 before such Marriage, the sum of <'3." &c. 
 
 Let it be remembered by the ostentatious and the 
 thoughtless, that this humane and enlightened Testator was 
 Parish Clerk of Ottery ! But the comprehensive mind of 
 Mr. AXE did not stop here, as he appears to have been 
 impressed with a due sense of the duties and decorum be- 
 longing to his office, so generally transgressed in Country 
 Parishes, for, in another part of his Will, where a bene- 
 faction is designed for the Parish Clerk for the time being, 
 he adds this restriction and advice, 
 
 " As long as he shall perform his duty in the Church sensibly 
 
 Astronomer Royal. 
 
 Professor of Geometry in Gresham College.
 
 SAINT MARY OF OTTERY.] DEVON. 331 
 
 and with understanding, audibly and reverently, as he ought to 
 do, and shall be an Example of good life to the Parishioners 5 
 and shall not sell Ale, Beer, or any intoxicating Liquor for a 
 livelihood ; nor frequent Taverns and Alehouses. I recommend 
 to him, that he endeavour to take Deacon's Orders, and wear 
 some Habit, to distinguish him from others. The want of such 
 Clerks many time renders the whole Prayers mean and ridicu- 
 lous." 
 
 One of the Avenues to the Church on the North-East, 
 leading through the Church-yard, still retains the favoured 
 name of " AXE'S Passage? Some of the Houses devised 
 by this Will for the benefit of the School-master were, a few 
 years since, sold ; and the Purchase money invested in the 
 Funds in the names of the Governors, who pay a portion of 
 the Dividends, being about 10. a year, to the Master. 
 
 There do not appear to be any STATUTES or ORDINANCES, 
 except what are contained in the Charters. But, on the 
 20th of October, 1552, the following ARTICLES were agreed 
 to by THE GOVERNORS: 
 
 1. THE FOUR GOVERNORS, and their Successors, shall depose 
 upon a Book, that they and every of them for the tune being 
 shall uphold, maintain, and fortify, so far as their will or power 
 shall come or may extend, all and every article, promise, go- 
 vernment, and grant, that is specified, mentioned, and declared 
 in the Letters Patent, and in the following Articles, for the firm, 
 sure, and perfect continuance of The Corporation for ever. 
 
 2. THE FOUR GOVERNORS, by the advice of the Parishioners, 
 with convenient speed shall elect, and appoint EIGHT others of 
 the most honest, best, discreetest, and quietest of the Parishioners 
 there inhabiting, to be ASSOCIATES to them for their assistance, 
 for the doing of such things, as shall seem best for the wealth, 
 profits, and behoofs of all the Parishioners of the said Parish, 
 And for the increase, continuance, and preservation of all things 
 belonging to the said Corporation, And for the better mainte- 
 nance of the Divine Service of God, and doing deeds of Charity, 
 for the relief of the Poor of the Parish, as occasion should serve, 
 Which EIGHT Men, so to be elected, shall take upon them the 
 like Corporal Oath, as the said Governors should do in all 
 things. 
 
 3. THE GOVERNORS shall not lease, grant, alien, bargain or
 
 332 DEVON. [SAINT MARY OF OTTERY. 
 
 sell any part of the said Possessions, Goods or Chattels of the 
 Parishioners, belonging to The Corporation, without the full 
 agreement of the EIGHT ASSISTANTS, or of the greater part of 
 them, being on that behalf sworn. 
 
 4. When any of THE FOUR GOVERNORS die, the Survivors 
 shall elect, nominate, and appoint one of the ASSISTANTS, to be 
 in place of the Governor, And the Governors and Seven Assist- 
 ants must elect one other of the most honest, best, discreetest, 
 and quietest of the Parishioners, to make up the number Eight, 
 and so, if any one depart out of the Parish, a new one must be 
 chosen and sworn. 
 
 5. That the Governors and Eight Assistants, within one month 
 after that their Tythes shall be due, shall pay the same to such 
 persons as shall be lawfully appointed to collect them.* 
 
 6. That the Four Governors and Eight Assistants shall with 
 diligence, either with Gentleness or by order of Law, procure 
 every person of the Parish of Ottery to pay their Tythes, within 
 one Month after the same shall happen to grow due, without any 
 favour to be showed to any person in forbearing it.f 
 
 7. If any of the EIGHT Men be troublesome persons, and will 
 not be tractable to any reasonable orders that shall be advised by 
 THE FOUR GOVERNORS and the best of the ASSISTANTS, then it 
 shall be lawful for the Four Governors and residue of the Assist- 
 ants to expel them, and place honest men in their stead. 
 
 8. Of the surplus of all sums of money, and all other revenues 
 and profits yearly, and casually coming and growing within the 
 said Parish by any manner of means, and belonging to the 
 Governors over and above such yearly Stipends as are due and 
 payable by the King's Letters Patent, there shall be a clear Ac- 
 count made, and the money put into one Chest, locked with 
 Three keys severally, whereof one of the keys to remain with 
 the Eldest of the Four Governors, the second with the Eldest 
 or the best of the Assistants, the third with the Church- warden 
 for the time being. And the money shall remain, until there 
 shall be so much remaining in the Stock, as the Persons Incor- 
 porated may therewith purchase lands to the yearly value of 
 Twenty Marks to them and their Successors, which to do, the 
 Persons Incorporated by the King's Letters Patent be empower- 
 ed for the wealth of the said Parish. Provided, that if any urgent 
 occasion require the contrary, for the occupation of the monev, 
 
 * Excepted by Decree, 25th October, 1598, 
 f Excepted by the same Decree.
 
 SAINT MARY OF OTTERY.] DEVON. 333 
 
 that then the purchase shall surcease, and the Four Governors 
 and Eight Assistants may take any of the money and employ it 
 to such urgent cause. 
 
 9. That all the Parishioners, being Men of Honesty, shall declare 
 unto one of the Four Governors or Eight Assistants the name of 
 every person they know, which ought to pay tythe and doth not, 
 and deceives the Proprietors in the payment of Tythe.* 
 
 10. Item, That the Account shall be yearly made at Michael- 
 mas of all the yearly revenue and other lawful profits that shall 
 come and grow of the Parsonage and Vicarage, to the Four Go- 
 vernors and Parishioners granted by the King's Letters Patent, 
 to the intent it may be evident what doth remain upon such 
 account. 
 
 The School is open to boys of the Parish indefinitely, 
 the Inhabitants having always claimed a right, not known 
 to have been in any instance resisted, of sending their sons 
 to the School, on paying a stated annual sum for their Edu- 
 cation, now and for many years past, Ten Pounds. The 
 only boys who receive a gratuitous Education, are the Two 
 boys, under SALTER'S benefaction. 
 
 The usual average number of boys, belonging to the Pa- 
 rish, is TEN. They are admitted at Eight years of age, 
 and seldom remain after their Eigteenth birth-day. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used ; and 
 the system of Education is similar to that of ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. JOHN WARREN, M. A., 
 of Oriel College, Oxford, whose Salary and Emoluments are 
 very considerable. This Gentleman takes Boarders, his 
 present number being Forty-five, at Fifty guineas per 
 annum each. 
 
 There is no chartered Assistant or Under-Master ; but, 
 of late years, one has been employed in the School, and 
 paid by the Master. This Gentleman has usually in his 
 house two or three boys belonging to the School, as their 
 private Tutor, but this is wholly by the Master's permission. 
 
 * Excepted by Decree, 25th October, 1598.
 
 334 DEVON. [SAINT MARY OF OTTERY. 
 
 Among the distinguished Characters who have received 
 their Education at this School, may be enumerated, 
 
 Sir FRANCIS BULLER, Bart., late Judge successively of 
 
 the Courts of King's Bench and Common Pleas. 
 The Right Revd. JOHN LUXMOORE, D. D., the present 
 Lord Bishop of ST. ASAPH.
 
 PLYMOUTH.] DEVON. 335 
 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at PLYMOUTH was established in 
 the reign of King HENRY the Seventh, by The Corpora- 
 tion, who then allowed the Master a Salary of 10. per 
 annum, and apartments over the ancient Chapel. It appears 
 to have no stated endowment. 
 
 The Mayor and Corporation appoint the Master, who has 
 a House, a Garden, a large School-room, and a Play-court, 
 with a Salary of 70. per annum. 
 
 The Corporation claim the privilege of sending to the 
 School the sons of Freemen who are poor, but who may be 
 desirous of having their Children instructed gratuitously ; 
 there are at present two boys of this description. 
 
 THE CHARTER HOUSE Grammars are used; and the 
 system of that Establishment has lately been introduced 
 into this School, as far as the same was applicable. 
 
 Day-Scholars pay One guinea Entrance, and Six guineas 
 per annum. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM WILLIAMS, 
 B, A., of All Souls College, Oxford. This Gentleman takes 
 Pupils, his Terms being, 
 
 Entrance, - 2.. 2..0 
 
 Board, including washing, 33..12..0 
 
 The late Dr. BIDLAKE was educated at this School, and 
 was subsequently, for many years, the Master of it. 
 
 Mr. HENRY KELWAY, of Plymouth, Apothecary, by his 
 Will, dated the 15th of April, 1732, left his freehold and 
 personal estates for Charitable uses, which his Trustees hav- 
 ing converted into money, invested in Bank Stock, amount- 
 ing to JE4860..17-3. The Income from which Investment 
 he directed' to be applied in the education of as many boys
 
 336 DEVON. [PLYMOUTH. 
 
 at Plymouth Grammar School, as the same would clothe, 
 maintain, and educate. 
 
 The Trustees are the Vicars of the Parishes of St. Andrew, 
 and Charles, in Plymouth. 
 
 The Master of the Grammar School, and the Lecturer of 
 St. Andrew's select the boys, and " always prefer those who 
 are related to The Founder. 
 
 When the Funds admit of it, boys have occasionally been 
 sent to Oxford, and admitted into Holy Orders.
 
 PLYMPPON.] DEVON. 337 
 
 PLYMPTON. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of PLYMPTON was founded 
 by Sir JOHN MAYNARD, as one of the Trustees under the 
 Will of ELIZ^EUS HELE, Esq., of Fardel, so remarkable for 
 his munificent benefactions, in or about the year 1653, as 
 this date still appears inscribed upon a stone over the door 
 of the School-house. The Master's Jiouse is probably of 
 greater antiquity, and might have been purchased by Sir 
 JOHN, together with the ground on which it stands. 
 
 The sum of 1800. was originally appropriated to the 
 Endowment, which consists of a Fee Simple estate, called 
 " Holland" of 147 a . 3 r . 13% situate in the Parish of Plymp- 
 ton St. Mary, and the Master's House and School-house, 
 situate in the Parish of Plympton Maurice. The Estate is 
 said by one Informant to be now let for 168., and by 
 another for 250., a year. 
 
 There are no ORDINANCES for the regulation of this 
 School ; nor is it known, whether it be open to any other 
 boys than those inhabiting the Borough and Parish. At 
 present there are only Two boys upon the Foundation ; and 
 it is supposed, that there has not, at any former period, been 
 a larger number at a time. Those who are entitled to place 
 their children in the School, present them in person to the 
 Master for admission. 
 
 The ETON Latin Grammar, and VALPY'S Greek Gram- 
 mar, are in use. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor Scholarships, annexed to 
 this School. 
 
 The School-house which is 60 feet in length, and 20 in 
 breadth, is a noble structure: but the Master's house is 
 small, incommodious, and dilapidated, owing to which cir- 
 
 VOL. i. Z
 
 338 DEVON. [PLYMPTON. 
 
 cumstance the late Master was under the necessity of lodg- 
 ing his Pupils in the Village, to his great loss and detriment. 
 The present Patrons are Lord VALLETORT, Lady CAS- 
 TLEREAGH, and Lady SUFFIELD, who, as Coheirs of the 
 Earl of BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, are the Representatives of Sir 
 JOHN MAYNARD. 
 
 It is much to be regretted that those Noble Personages 
 do not reinstate the buildings, and provide for the better 
 accommodation of the Master and Pupils ; so as to render 
 the Institution more beneficial to the surrounding populous 
 neighbourhood, than in it's present state it can possibly be. 
 In BROWNE WILLIS'S time, it was, according to his report 
 of it, " the best in these parts." 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. THOMAS PHILIPS, 
 A. B., whose Salary and Emoluments consist of the Estate 
 and House already mentioned. His Terms for Boarders are 
 40. a year. 
 
 Sir JOSHUA REYNOLDS, the most illustrious Painter of the 
 English School, whose Father was Master of this Seminary, 
 was born and educated in it.
 
 TIVERTON.] DEVON. 339 
 
 TIVERTON. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at TIVERTON was founded 
 by the munificence of PETER BLUNDELL, Clothier, a native 
 of this place ; who, by his Will, dated the 9th of June, 
 1599, directed as follows; 
 
 " Item, I will that my Executors, by the advise of my Over- 
 seers, with all convenient speede, upon a fytt and convenient 
 piece of grounde in Tyverton, by my Executors to be purchased, 
 shall buyld a faier School house to conteyne for the place for 
 teaching only, in length One hundred foote, and in breadth 
 fower and twenty foot, a hawle, buttery, and kitchin, all of con- 
 venient space and biggness to be joined unto it, with convenient 
 roomes over the same hawle, buttery, and kitchin, all the win- 
 dows well and strongly glassed and barred with iron barrs, and 
 well covered, the floor of the School to be well plancked with 
 plancks of oke supported and borne from the ground with strong 
 ledges or beames, with soe many strong settles and formes as 
 shall be convenient, having regard to the bigness of the same 
 Schoole and number of Schollars to be taught therein, and to be 
 devided on or neere the middest with some fit partition of fower 
 foot in height or thereabouts, yf it shal bee soe thoughte fitt, and 
 this Schoole to be strongly wainscotted rownde aboute, and the 
 same wainscot te to extend abowte five or six foote above the 
 settles or formes, and with such settles, formes, and seates, and 
 in such manner to be framed, placed, and devised as shall be 
 thought most convenient, the Haulle to be alsoe plancked or 
 paved, and also wainscotted round abowte as high as the lofte, 
 and to have in the hall and chamber over the same one or other 
 chimney, and in the kitchen one faier great chimney, with an 
 oven, and a chamber over the kitchen with a chimney therein, 
 as to my Executors and Overseers shall be thought meete ; and 
 that there shall be adjoining to this School-house a convenient 
 garden and wood-yard, with a fit house and easements therein of 
 and for the ease of the Schollars uppon or as near the river of 
 Ex there or Loman as may be, and the School-housej garden, 
 wood-yard, and house of ease to be rounde aboute well walled 
 and inclosed with a strong wall, the goinge in and forthe to be 
 at one only place with a fair strong gate with a little dore as is 
 usual in the Schooles ; and for that my desier is that theis things 
 shall be very well, strongly, artificially and substantially done,
 
 340 DEVON. [TIVERTON. 
 
 my will is that my Executors shall bestowe therein TWENTIE 
 FOWER HUNDRED POUNDES, within the least, if the premises 
 requier : and that in and aboute theis severall buildings, platt, 
 frame, and all the partes thereof, the advise of my saide righte 
 deare and honourable Friende Sir JOHN POPHAM, Knighte, Lord 
 Chief Justice of England, shall be taken and followed, and to 
 him I give power to alter and chaunge what parte thereof for 
 the manner of building, largeness, and conveying the premises he 
 shall think good, and his directions in every thinge for the effect- 
 inge of my said purpose herein and in all other things hereafter 
 in my will mentioned, towchinge the same or other circumstan- 
 ces thereof hereafter mentioned to be still followed and ex- 
 ecuted j 
 
 " Item, that in the said Schooles shall not be taughte above 
 the number of ONE HUNDRED and FIFTIE Si HOLERS at anyone 
 tyme, and those from time to time of Children born, or for the 
 most parte before their age of Sixe yeares, broughte upp in the 
 Towne or Parrish of Tyverton. And if the same number be not 
 filled upp, the wante shall be supplyed with the Children of 
 Forreyners, and those Forreyners only to be admytted with the 
 assent of such TENNE HOUSEHOLDERS of the said Towne of 
 Tyverton aforesaide, as for the tyme beinge shall be most in^the 
 Subsidie Bookes of the Queenes Majesty. And my desier is, 
 that they will make choice of the Children of such Forreyners as 
 are of honest reputation and feare God, without regarding the 
 riche above or more than the poore, and that there shall bee noe 
 Scholer continue in the said Schoolle as a Scholer but boyes, and 
 none above the age of Eighteen yeares or under the age of Sixe 
 yeares, and none under a Grammer Scholler , 
 
 " And, that the SCHOOL MASTER who shall have the use of 
 the roomes and buildings aforesaide, and alsoe one USHER, 
 who shall have in the saide buildinge one chamber to himself 
 only, and the School master shall have yearely FIFTIE Powx- 
 DES, to be paide quarterly, and the Usher TWENTIE MARKES, 
 to be paied quarterly. And my hope, and desier, and will is, 
 that they hould themselves satisfied and contente with that re- 
 compense for their travell, without seeking, or exacting any more 
 either of Parent or Children, which procure th favour to givers 
 and the contrarie to such as do not or cannot give, for my 
 meaning is, yt shall be for ever A FREE SCHOLL, and NOT A 
 
 SCHOLE OF EXACTION : 
 
 " And for the better establishing, and continuance of the 
 saide Free Grammar Schole and scholeing, I give, appoynte, 
 and devise all my landes, tenements, and hereditaments in the 
 Countieof Devon unto Sir FBAUNCIS POPHAM, Knight, ANTHONY 
 POLLERD, Esq., RICHARD BLEWETT, Esq., CHARLES BEERE,
 
 TIVERTON.] DEVON. 341 
 
 Esq., ROGER AYSHFORD, Esq., ROGER WARRE, Esq., ROGER 
 GIFFORD, Esq., JAMES CLARKE, Esq., HENRY WORTH, Esq., 
 JOHN WEST, the Elder, HUMPHREY COLMAN, JOHN WALDROX, 
 EDWARD AMY, NICHOLAS SKINNER, GEORGE SLEE, RICHARD 
 HILL als SPORWAIL, RICHARD PROWS my Cousin, JOHN WEST, 
 the Younger, PETER WEST, ROBERT CHILCOT als COMYN, JOHN 
 DEMOND, JOHN BLUNDELL, PETER BLUNDELL, WILLIAM TAN- 
 NER, ROGER SLEE, WILLIAM CRAS, ANTHONY CRASSE, and to 
 their Heires and Assignes for ever, who I hope will accept the 
 same as Feoffees, whom I have specially chosen to bear trust and 
 confidence in the premises, out of which the Fiftie Powndes, 
 and the said Thirteen powndes six shillings and eight-pence 
 shall be quarterly paied as aforesaid ; and Fortie Shillings yearly 
 forever to a perfecte CLARKE for thetyme being, to be appoynt- 
 ed by the said Feoffees or the most parte of them, for keeping 
 a true and perfecte Booke of Survey, and of granting and demis- 
 ing the saide landes, and of the monie received and paied of and 
 for the same, and of other their proceedings in and aboute the 
 premises, taking warrant of all his doeings from the feofees or 
 the most parte of them with their handes alwaies to bee sub- 
 scribed, as well in that behalf as for and concerninge the other 
 thinge to them comitted by this my last Will and Testament ; 
 
 " And other Eight Powndes yearely to goe alwaies to the 
 repairations of the saide Schoole and other things necessary con- 
 cerning the same ; and what else shall be needful in or abowte 
 the said Schole or other circumstances thereof, I leave to the 
 direction of the saide Lord Chief Justice, which my Executors 
 shall perform and accomplish." 
 
 After these, the Testator directs that 20. per annum shall be 
 disbursed by the Feoffees in apprenticing FOUR poor boys of the 
 Parish of Tiverton to ' ' serve in Husbandry for seaven yeares or 
 upwards :" who, after fulfilling their time faithfully, are to be 
 rewarded by the repayment of the Apprentice Fee of 5., by the 
 respective Masters of each boy.* 
 
 " And that the Feoffees, or the most part of them, shall from 
 from tyme to tyme make, abolish, and set down such Orders, 
 Laws, and Directions both touching the SCHOLE, and matters of 
 HUSBANDRY, and all matters and circumstances thereof, and 
 touching all parties to be interested therein or to have any thing 
 to doe abowte the same, as to them or the most parte of them 
 
 * Apprenticing poor boys to Husbandry was at this time a 
 new Institution, and making a provision for them at the expira- 
 tion of their Apprenticeship, was a great encouragement of it.
 
 342 DEVON. [TivERTon. 
 
 for the tyme being shall be thought meete for the governance, 
 mayntenance, and continuance thereof, according to my true 
 intent and meaning, and that the Schoolmaster, and Usher, 
 shall bee elected, and removed by the Feoffees for the tyme 
 being or the most parte of them, having alwaies the approbation 
 of the Ordinarie of the Diocese of Devon to the said election, 
 nominating, and appointinge onely : 
 
 " And, that the Feoffees by mee appointed as aforesaide, and 
 thear and all other Feoffees hereafter, when and as often as by 
 deathe or otherwise they shall come to the number of Thirteen 
 with the least, the saide survivors with the heires of the others 
 deceased Feoffees yf they be not unfitt, and for such as shall bee 
 unfitt, then others nere inhabitinge of honest reporte and repu- 
 tation, shall make up with themselves the number of FIVE and 
 TWENTIE FEOFEES again with the least, for the continuance of 
 the said Schole and matter of Husbandry, and other good pur- 
 poses aforesaid ; 
 
 ' ' And my true meaninge herein expressed, resteth in the 
 trust, providence, circumspection and care of the saide Feoffees 
 for the tyme being, which I hope they will accomplishe and 
 perform accordingly as they will answer the same before the 
 Majestie of Almightie God at the dreadfull daie of Judgment, 
 the secrets of all hearts shall be disclosed : 
 
 " And for that my landes in Devon are not yet of sufficient 
 vallewe by the yeare to supplie my said will, entente, and mean- 
 ing concerning the said Scholeing and matter of Husbandry, my 
 will therefore is, that my Executors after my death shall, with 
 the advise aforesaide, purchase landes or rentes to a full supplie 
 thereof, and what overplus hereafter shall happen to bee, the 
 same shall be imployed to the performance of the rest of my 
 will, or to such other imployments as I shall hereafter ap- 
 pointe: 
 
 " And for the increase of good and godly Preachers of the 
 Gospell my will is, that my Executors forthwith after my deathe 
 shall bestowe the some of Two THOUSAND POWNDES in the 
 foundeing and establishenge Six Schollers to be Studients in 
 Divinitie in the Universitie of Oxford or Cambridge, or in both, 
 for ever, and in the purchasenge, procureinge, foundeinge, and 
 establishing of landes and tenements the yearly profitts whereof 
 shall be ymployed for placeng and maintenance, in such manner 
 as to the said LordCheefe Justice, or in his defaulte to my Execu- 
 tors uppon good advice or the most parte of them shall be 
 thoughte meetest : 
 
 " And their Exhibition and Payment shall continue to them 
 severally from their first cominge to the saide Universities untill 
 they severally shall be, or by the Orders and Constitutions of
 
 VERTON.] DEVON. 343 
 
 theire howses might bee, Bachilers in Divinitie, or otherwise 
 shall bee Fellowes of any howse or howses, or shall be beneficed 
 in the Country: 
 
 " And as they shall be soe, or in the like manner severally 
 preferred or promoted, or as they in the meantyme shall fortune 
 to dye, their several places shall be supplied with Scholers, to 
 bee elected by the Feoffees, or the most parte of them, with the 
 advise of the Schoolmaster there, out of the saide Grammer 
 Schoole of Tyverton, and not elsewhere, and that of the aptest 
 in Learninge, and lest able to mainteyne themselves in the saide 
 Ministrie, and for the foundeinge, establishinge, and perfect- 
 inge of the said SIXE SCHOLLERS, and of the landes for theire 
 maintenance, and of the elections and orders aforesaide, and for 
 all other things fitt to be .donne in and abowte the same, I 
 wholly referre to the direction and finishyeing of the saide Lord 
 Cheefe Justice, most humbly praying his good Lordshipp to bee 
 pleased to take the same uppon him and to finishe the same with 
 all convenient speede, and in his defaulte to my saide Executors 
 uppon very good advise, and for the first Suce to be placed in 
 the saide Universitie or Universities, I leave to the nomination 
 and appoyntment of the said Lord Cheefe Justice, and of my 
 said Executors, not doubting but as they shall be afterwards 
 promoted or removed as aforesaide, or otherwise shall fortune in 
 the mean tyme to dye, others fitt to be there placed as aforesaid, 
 will arise and spring upp into the saide Gramer Schoole of 
 Tyverton." 
 
 There are Donations to various Hospitals, and Companies 
 in London, testifying his partiality to the City : Where he 
 died a Bachelor, at the Patriarchal age of EIGHTY ONE, on 
 the 18th of April, 1601, leaving many Collateral Relations. 
 
 He was buried in the Parish of St. Michael Pater Noster, 
 now better known by the name of St. Michael Royal, on the 
 9th of May, following, with great respect and ceremony, 
 having directed a considerable sum to be expended in his 
 Funeral. 
 
 His specific Legacies amounted to 32,178., "and it is 
 generally believed that his Executors, after the payment of 
 those Legacies, divided a large residue. 
 
 For the better understanding the Directions of the 
 Founder's Will, as well as the subsequent Benefactions to 
 this School, we have fortunately the able exposition of the
 
 344 DEVON. 
 
 late BENJAMIN INCLEDON, of Pilton, Devon, Esq., who 
 carefully commented upon each circumstance, in a work 
 printed at his own expense, for the use of the Foundation. 
 This book has since been re-printed by order of THE 
 FEOFFEES, with notes and additions to the year 1804. 
 
 Mr. BLUNDELL lived at a time when matters of Religion 
 were scarcely settled after the REFORMATION ; but his ad- 
 herence to the PROTESTANT FAITH is strongly marked by 
 his liberal foundation for " Studients in Divinitie." And 
 his " dear friend" The Lord Chief Justice put this part of 
 the Trust into execution with great assiduity. Not a year 
 had elapsed after The Founder's death before he nominated 
 (14th March, 1601,) the Scholars, and ordained, that Two 
 should be founded in BALLIOL COLLEGE, Oxford, Two 
 others in EMANUEL COLLEGE, and Two others in SIDNEY 
 SUSSEX COLLEGE, Cambridge. 
 
 It happened that EMANUEL COLLEGE would not accept 
 the nomination, which was therefore revoked, on the 20th 
 of August, 1603, and the Two Scholars intended for that 
 College, were added to those in SYDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 
 
 Agreements were very soon afterwards entered into 
 between The Lord Chief Justice and the Colleges, viz., on 
 the 17th of March, 1603, with BALLIOL COLLEGE, and, 
 on the 20th of September, 1603, with SYDNEY SUSSEX 
 COLLEGE. 
 
 But His Lordship dying (on the llth of November, 
 1607)} before the sum allotted could belaid out, the Estab- 
 lishments were not completely settled until some years after 
 his death ; but, in the mean time, the Executors maintained 
 the Students in the Universities. 
 
 It appears by the Deeds (which are generally known by 
 the name of ." Composition Deeds ") that, when the Estab- 
 lishments were finally settled, " the Executors had disbursed 
 a Thousand Marks, and also .33.. 6.. 8. by way of increase, 
 amounting to 700. towards purchasing lands at Woodstock,
 
 TIVERTON.] DEVON. 345 
 
 in Oxfordshire, for the maintenance of a Fellow and Scholar 
 atBalliol College" (llth Novr., 1615). And that "the 
 Executors had likewise disbursed Two Thousand Marks, 
 and also One Hundred Marks by way of increase, amounting 
 to 1400. towards purchasing lands at Clee, in Lincolnshire, 
 for the maintenance of Two Fellows and Two Scholars in 
 Sydney Sussex College 11 (13th June, 1616.) 
 
 On the 10th of June 1676, another Fellowship and 
 another Scholarship were established between The Feoffees 
 and Balliol College, on nearly the same plan as those already 
 mentioned. It is said in this second Deed of Composition, 
 that " the College had lately received a gratuity of 50. 
 from The Feoffees towards the discharge of certain burthen- 
 some Debts which then lay on the said College, and that the 
 sum of 600. was in hand paid by The Feoffees to The 
 College, for the maintenance of the said Fellow and Scholar, 
 &c." 
 
 A beneficial circumstance to the Trust, " which is not 
 much known,"" attended the transaction of this second 
 Establishment. For, not long before it was carried into 
 execution, " The Revd. RICHARD NEWTE presented the 
 Feoffees with 100., and in return it was agreed, that JOHN 
 NEWTE, his son, should be, as he afterwards was, the Jirst 
 Fellow on that Foundation." 
 
 TWENTY-SEVEN FEOFFEES are named in the Will, but 
 in future TWENTY-FIVE only were deemed necessary. Two 
 of the original Feoffees were infant sons of his relations JOHN 
 WEST and JOHN BLUNDELL, whom he appointed Feoffees, 
 not willing that they should run the risque of being excluded 
 at an Election. 
 
 In preserving the complement of the Trust, the Feoffees 
 are obliged to fill up the vacancies, when they are reduced 
 to Thirteen , but they are not required to wait until they 
 are reduced to that number. And, when they fill up, they 
 must make up, including themselves, the number of TWJENTY-
 
 346 DEVON. [TIVERTON. 
 
 FIVB, at tto least, but they are not prohibited from exceeding 
 that number. 
 
 To avoid a precipitate election of Feoffees, it was ordered, 
 in 177 1 " That no Feoffee be chosen without a year's notice 
 at a Meeting, of an intention to fill up the Trust.' 1 
 
 The Trust is kept full, and consists as it always has done 
 of the most respectable Inhabitants of the Neighbourhood or 
 County. 
 
 The present FEOFFEES (on the 4th of November, 1817) 
 are, 
 
 The Right Honble. Lord ROLLE. 
 
 JOHN BURRIDGE CHOLWICH, Esq. 
 
 Sir BOUHCHIER WEEY, Bart. 
 
 JOHN INGLETT FO.RTESCUE, Esq. 
 
 ROBERT NEWTON INCLEDON, Esq. 
 
 Sir STAFFORD HENRY NORTHCOTE, Bart. 
 
 Sir JOHN DUNTZB, Bart. 
 
 JOHN WORTH, Esq. 
 
 JAMES BULLER, Esq. 
 
 PHILIP BLUNDELL, Esq., a Descendant of THE FOUNT 
 DER'S Family, and with whom the Male Line will 
 become extinct. 
 
 JOHN QuicKj Esq. 
 
 JOHN BRICKDALE, Esq. 
 Sir JQHN ENNAWAY, Bart. 
 
 GEORGE SYDENHAM FURSDON, Esq. 
 
 JAMES NICHOLAS DUNTZE, Esq. 
 
 Sir HENRY CAREW, Bart. 
 
 EDMUND FORTESCUE, Esq. 
 
 HENRY STAFFORD NORTHCOTE, Esq. 
 
 Sir THOMAS DYKE ACLAND, Bart. 
 
 RICHARD HIPPESLEY TUCKFIELD, Esq. 
 
 BOURCHIER WRKY, Esq. 
 
 GEORGE BAMPFYLDE, Esq. 
 
 JOHN FOWNES LUTTRELL, Esq.
 
 TIVERTON.] DEVON. 347 
 
 BALDWIN FULFORD, Esq. 
 THOMAS BROWNE, Esq. 
 
 It does not appear that Mr. BLUND.ELL was possessed of 
 any other landed Estate in any other County, or in any 
 other places of the County of Devon, than the Parish of 
 Tiverton, and those Parishes into which the Manor of West 
 Prawl extends. 
 
 Besides these landed Estates, the Feoffees now have 
 2670. Capital Trust Monies in the Old South Sea Annui- 
 ties, The present Income of the Trust Estate is about '400. 
 per annum, and the Out-goings about 350. 
 
 With what diligence and integrity Sir JOHN POPHAM 
 executed the great trust reposed in him, aided by the 
 unanimous and laudable co-operation of THE FEOFFEES, 
 may be gathered from the prompt manner in which the 
 buildings were erected, for within Four years after the death 
 of the pious Founder, the Schools, with the Dwelling-House 
 and Offices, were all substantially completed near the river 
 Loman. 
 
 In 1695, the great Gate being much decayed, Iron Gates 
 were erected in it's stead, over which are suitable Latin and 
 English Inscriptions. The Porter's Lodge was built at the 
 .same time. The Porter has a Salary of 50*. a year, and a 
 Gown when wanted. 
 
 The number of boys to be educated was originally limited 
 to ONE HUNDRED and FIFTY: But the Schools were 
 erected upon a more extensive scale, and many additional 
 conveniences to the buildings having liberally been made 
 from time to time by The Feoffees, to accommodate the 
 Master and Usher, this noble Seminary is now in great 
 celebrity, and including the native boys, contains about Two 
 HUNDRED and THIRTY Scholars. 
 
 On a vacancy of the Office of the Master, or Usher, by 
 Death or Resignation, (for there is no instance of the 
 removal of either for misbehaviour, a circumstance much
 
 348 DEVON. [TIVERTON. 
 
 to the credit of those who have filled these Offices) the va- 
 cancy has been filled up by the Majority of the Feoffees, 
 previous notice of an Election having been given by the 
 Clerk in various Newspapers. 
 
 In case of a Resignation, it was " ordered, in 1775, that 
 the Master, and Usher, is to give notice thereof at Whit- 
 suntide or Christmas." And, in 1 797, a further order was 
 made, requiring at least Eight months' notice from the Mas- 
 ter, or Usher, of their intention to resign. 
 
 Upon some disputes between the Master and Usher in the 
 year 1734, it was "ordered, that the superintendancy of 
 both Schools shall be in the Master."" Upon some further 
 disputes between them in 1791? the last order was confirmed, 
 with this addition, " that the School hours be the same to 
 both Master, and Usher, and equally to be observed by 
 each of them." And, it was likewise then " ordered, that 
 the direction of the Gates shall be with the Master, who 
 may order them to be opened and shut when he thinks pro- 
 per, but that both Master, and Usher, be separately at 
 liberty to give leave to any boy, who boards in their respec- 
 tive Houses, to go out on application of their Friends ; and 
 that the same rule be extended to the liberty of the boys 
 absenting themselves from Church, unless under the imme- 
 diate care of the respective Masters." 
 
 Should the Feoffees at any time think proper to remove 
 the Master or Usher, the Bishop of the Diocese has no 
 power to prohibit, but his allowance is necessary to confirm 
 an Election. 
 
 A CLERK was chosen with the appointed Salary ; but the 
 Feoffees elected a TREASURER from among themselves, who 
 kept the Accompts, and was responsible for the receipts and 
 payments, from the year 1610 to 1 734; when it being thought 
 too much trouble, they consolidated the two offices, which 
 Union still continues, and increased the Salary lo .14. a 
 year. The CLERK'S conduct is regulated by the Feoffees
 
 TIVERTON.] DEVON. 349 
 
 at their Meeting, and the Directions to him are entered in 
 their BOOK of ORDERS. 
 
 " Our BOOK of ORDERS/' Mr. INCLEDON observes, " com- 
 menced in the year 1663. It is evident from a passage in the 
 great Book of Account, that there was another Book of Orders 
 (not to be found at this time) of a much earlier date, the fate of 
 which requires that there should be more care taken of this. A 
 duplicate of it is certainly as necessary as that of the great Book 
 of Account ; and when it is made, the best way of preserving it, 
 will be to place the original in the Chest, and the duplicate may 
 remain with the Clerk. 
 
 " Upon what account they were taken out of the Chest is at 
 this time unknown, but a great number of Deeds and Evidences 
 belonging to our Trust are certainly removed, and cannot now be 
 found. Our Clerk (Mr. GEORGE OWENS), to my certain know- 
 ledge, has been very assiduous in his searches, and has recovered 
 many of the Records of the School, which had been removed long 
 before he came into office : and I have no doubt, but from the 
 same degree of assiduity he will recover more of them. Should 
 he fail of success, the interference of the Feoffees will be highly 
 necessary to obtain them by some legal method." 
 
 In 1678, Mr. JOHN HAM, of Uplowman, Gentleman, by 
 his Will, dated in that year, directs, 
 
 " Also whereas my Father deceased, by his Will gave towards 
 a Stock for a Work-house in Tiverton, 30., so as the same 
 were sett up and .200. by the Maior and Company raised for 
 the same within three years after his death (which not being 
 done, nor the said '3O. paid), now my will is (though I do not 
 conceive myself engaged thereunto), that in lieu thereof, and 
 out of that respect and duty I owe to Learning, and especially 
 to the Foundation of Tiverton School, (the promotion of LEARN- 
 ING being CHARITY indeed}, I do appoint my Executor hereafter 
 named to bestow, with the advice of Mr. BLUNDELL'S Feoffees, 
 .200. out of my estate (which shall be paid by <4O. per annum 
 to the said Feoffees to that end), which shall be towards the 
 maintenance of a FELLOW and SCHOLAR in Sidney Sussex Col- 
 lege in Cambridge, or in Balliol College in Oxon, to be chosen 
 from Tiverton School after the first appointment, which first ap- 
 pointment for the Fellowship my will is, shall be my son JOHN 
 HAM, with liberty for him to study either Divinity or Physick, 
 after his enjoyment thereof, then the same to be enjoied by such 
 successors as the Feoffees shall elect of Scholars taught in Tiver- 
 ton School, and borne in the Town of Tiverton if any be fitt, and
 
 350 DEVON. 
 
 for default of such, then of. the Parishes nearest "adjacent that 
 shall be fitt and there taught according to such agreements and 
 compositions as the said Feoffees (to whom I give the said 200. 
 to that end) shall make with the Masters and Fellows of either 
 of the said Colleges touching the same : 
 
 " And I give unto my said son JOHN HAM the sum of 800. 
 at his age of Thirty years, but if before he shall attain that age 
 he shall be, by his brother ROBERT HAM'S death, come to have 
 in hand Overhearn aforesaid, to have and to hold to him and his 
 heirs males or females of his body, then my will is that he shall 
 only have .200. thereof, and at the end of Two years next after 
 his brother ROBERT'S death, And for the residue of the said 
 Eight Hundred Pounds, 20O. thereof shall be paid unto my 
 daughter, the wife of JOHN PYM, Junr., of Exon, Merchant, 
 &c., and 100. to be paid to Mr. BLUNDELI'S Feoffees at the 
 end of Six years next after the death of the said ROBERT HAM, 
 towards the purchase of some Fellowship or Ccholarship in 
 manner as aforesaid, as they shall see good." 
 
 It is supposed that neither Balliol nor Sydney Sussex Col- 
 lege would agree with the Feoffees to establish a Fellowship 
 and Scholarship. 
 
 The money for a long while laid blended with BLUNDELL'S 
 Charity, until some of the Feoffees judging it proper that 
 this Donation should remain distinct from BLUNDELL'S, an 
 application was made to Chancery for instructions, how to 
 act in this business, when it was reported (in 1740) by the 
 Master, to whom the consideration had been referred, that 
 the sum of 844.. 18.. 9. Old South Sea Annuities was the 
 proportion, and did belong to HAM'S Charity, and that 
 the Income and Produce thereof, would until reduction 
 of the said Old South Sea Annuities annually produce 
 33.. 15.. 10." And by the same Report, the Master fur- 
 ther directed " that the Feoffees might dispose of the in- 
 come, in one or more Exhibitions at large, at any College in 
 either of the Universities, in such manner as they should 
 think fit." 
 
 The Master's Directions have been followed ever since in 
 the disposal of the Income of this Donation. 
 
 As the Master's Report is silent as to the Feoffees laying
 
 TIVERTON,] DEVON. 351 
 
 out the accumulated sum, (which was then sufficient of 
 itself) in the purchase of a Fellowship and Scholarship in 
 Balliol or Sydney Sussex College, as was intended, or even 
 in any other College, if any opportunity offered, and as a 
 discretionary power is given to the Feoffees for the disposal 
 of the Income, in one or more Exhibitions to Students at 
 any College, it seems, " as if the intention of the Donor 
 was somewhat overlooked.'"' 
 
 However, in order to make this Charity a better object 
 than it was at that time, it being divided into Two Exhibi- 
 tions at the small Income of 11. each, occasioned by the 
 reduction of the Stocks or Dividends, it was proposed, 
 that in future there may be only One Exhibition, and that 
 the Student should be subject to similar limitations, as in 
 the case of BLTTNDELL'S Scholars in the Universities. 
 
 The Feoffees wishing to pay every proper attention to the 
 advice of Mr. INCLEDON, " so zealous a friend to the 
 Foundation," at their Meeting, in 1792, adopted the mea- 
 sure thus recommended. 
 
 Mr. BENJAMIN GILBERD, of the City of Exeter, Grocer, 
 by his Will dated the 8th of November, 1783, 
 
 Devised to his Trustees, " to be paid them immediately after 
 my decease, so much money as will purchase sufficient Capital 
 Stock in some or one of the public Funds or Government Secu- 
 rity, to produce the annual Dividend or Income of 60., which 
 purchase shall be made in the names of my said Trustees, and 
 the Dividends, Interest, and Produce thereof received by them, 
 and paid over unto my Servant AGNES NOTT into her own hands 
 only, and not to any person to whom she may sell or assign it, 
 for her own absolute benefit during her life. 
 
 " And, after her decease, I will that the Stock shall be trans- 
 ferred to The Trustees of BLUNDEM/S Free Latin School in the 
 Town of Tiverton or some of them, so that the interest thereof 
 may be emploied for the benefit of the School, and the Scholars 
 educated therein at the discretion of the said Trustees." 
 
 The Annuitant, AGNES NOTT, afterwards married Mr. 
 OXTON, Supervisor of Excise at Barnstaple. She died on 
 the 26th of November, 1801.
 
 352 DEVON. [TIVERTOX. 
 
 At the Meeting in 1802, it was ordered, that \0. per 
 annum should, from that day, be paid to each of the two Senior 
 Scholars at Balliol College, and that the like sum should be 
 paid to each of the two Senior Scholars at Sydney College, 
 in addition to their present Stipend, And that an Exhibi- 
 tion should be founded, to be called " GILBERD'S Exhibi- 
 tion,"" with a Stipend of 20. per annum. The first Exhi- 
 bitioner to be elected at the Meeting, in 1803, and to be at 
 liberty to enter at any College, in either of the Two Univer- 
 sities of Oxford or Cambridge. The election to be subject 
 to the same orders, in all other respects, as the Scholars and 
 Exhibitioners on the other Foundations. 
 
 Mr. GILBEED was a native of Tiverton, and born in the 
 year 1721. He was a younger son of RICHARD, and Grand- 
 son of JOHN GILBERD, Merchants of that Town. He died 
 unmarried at Exeter, in the year 1790,' after having carried 
 on the trade of a Grocer, with great reputation, and great 
 success. 
 
 In 1715, The Revd. JOHN NEWTE, Clerk, Rector of 
 Tiverton, by his Will dated the 10th of January in that 
 year, directs, 
 
 "First, I give the annual Income or Profits of the lands I have 
 in the Parish of Braunton, in this County, called" Lobb Philip," 
 to my brother PETER NEWTE for and during his natural life, and 
 after his decease to my Nephew SAMUEL NEWTE during his na- 
 tural life, and after his decease I give and bequeath the same to 
 The Master and Fellows of Balliol College in Oxford for the 
 time being, for ever, the annual profits to be bestowed by them 
 in an Exhibition on a Scholar not of BLUNDELL'S Fellows, but 
 to be chosen out of BLUNDELL'S School by the Three Rectors 
 (The Rectory being in three Portions) of Tiverton aforesaid, or 
 any two of them for the time being ; which Scholar so chosen 
 as aforesaid, shall receive the benefit of this Exhibition yearly for 
 Seven years, if he shall continue Member of the College so long, 
 but no longer." 
 
 " I am aware," Mr. INCLEDON observes, " that it may 
 be said, that the Feoffees of BLUNDELL'S lands have nothing
 
 TIVEBTON.] DEVON. 353 
 
 to do with this Donation, yet it surely has some claim to 
 a place with the other Donations to the School, as the person 
 who is to receive the benefit of it, must have his Education 
 within the walls of that Seminary. 
 
 " Mr. NEWTE was the son of The Revd. RICHARD 
 NEWTE, one of the Rectors of the Church of Tiverton, whose 
 kindness to the School has already been mentioned, was 
 educated in the School, and was the first Fellow in Balliol Col- 
 lege, on the second establishment in the year 1676. He became 
 Rector of two portions in that Church, and died in 1715. 
 
 11 The Exhibition did not take place, 'till some years after 
 his death. It's clear Income is now 21. a year. The Stu- 
 dent holds it for Seven years. 
 
 " Far be it from my thoughts," says Mr. INCLEDON, " to 
 reflect on the Directions of the Donor, or on the Rectors in 
 executing them, in respect of electing the boys for College, 
 But it surely can be no improper observation to suggest, 
 that it might be no unwelcome scene to the eye of the Pub- 
 lic, could they see an emulation of Candidates for this Exhi- 
 bition brought forward in tlie same place and manner, as is 
 done in the Elections of BLUNDELL'S Scholars. 
 
 " I flatter myself that I run no risque of censure from 
 THE RECTORS in what I hint at, nor from THE FEOFFEES 
 in anticipating their concurrence to my proposition." 
 
 In the year 1741, The Feoffees being divided in opinion, 
 in what manner they ought to apply the Trust money, which 
 remained after the discharge of the general annual expense, 
 and which had arisen from the deaths of Tenants upon the 
 estates, and from the Legacy given by Mr. HAM, applied to 
 Chancery by an amicable Bill, and in the Master's Report 
 it is said, that " the Feoffees might apply the Surplusage 
 of BLUNDELL'S Charity in augmentation of Stipends of 
 BLUNDELL'S Scholars at Balliol, or Sydney Sussex College, 
 or, in addition of new Scholarships, or, in one or more 
 Exhibitions at large to any College in Oxford or Cambridge, 
 VOL. i. A a
 
 354 DEVON. 
 
 as they think fit, it not being possible to establish any parti- 
 cular sum. 1 ' 
 
 An augmentation of 4. a year was made to each of 
 BLUNDELL'S Scholars at Balliol, and another of .9. a year 
 to each of those at Sydney Sussex College. And the Scho- 
 lars at these two Colleges have since had an addition of 10. 
 a year each, from Mr. GILBERD'S donation. 
 
 A Vacancy of a Scholarship may happen from the follow- 
 ing causes, viz., 
 
 " Insufficiency in Learning after Three years' probation. 
 
 " Not studying Divinity and becoming Preachers of the word 
 of God. 
 
 " Having held a Fellowship Ten years after A. M., or time to 
 be A.M., 
 
 " Death, Marriage, or Acceptance of a School. 
 
 " Acceptance of a Benefice with Cure of Souls." 
 
 On every Vacancy of a Scholarship, the College is obliged, 
 by the Agreements with the Feoffees, " within Two months 
 after to give notice to the Feoffees, that they may make 
 choice of another Scholar in the School : and the allowance 
 &c., of Commons for two months following, remains for 
 Scholars which shall be next sent. If, upon notice given, 
 the Feoffees shall not within two months send a Scholar, 
 the College may retain allowance until Scholar be sent. But 
 if Scholar be not sent for want of notice, the Scholar next 
 sent shall receive allowance, &c., from the vacancy," 
 
 In consequence of the Vacancy being noticed, the Feof- 
 fees, until the year 1764, met within a short space of time, 
 and elected a Scholar ; but, in that year, an Order (which 
 has since been adhered to) was made, " that the Feoffees 
 should annually meet on the 29th day of June, unless that day 
 happened on a Sunday, and then on the Monday following." 
 
 This Order, according to Mr. INCLEDON, seems to militate 
 against the spirit of the Agreements already mentioned, and 
 against promoting Emulation in the Candidates, in as much 
 as any Procrastination of an Election of a Scholar by the
 
 TIVERTON.] DEVON. 35s 
 
 Feoffees, throws the Income of the vacant Scholarship into a 
 different channel from that in which it ought to go : and 
 besides that, the boys placed at the School on purpose to be 
 Candidates may,y&r want of a sufficient number of Feoffees 
 being present to elect a Scholar, be superannuated. 
 
 Within a few years past the Election has been frequently 
 put off, because a sufficient number of Feoffees did not at- 
 tend, which confirms the propriety of Mr. INCLEDON'S 
 remark. 
 
 When a Meeting is holden, " a Chairman is balloted for, 
 who has a casting Vote, in case of an equality of Votes, upon 
 any question respecting the Trust." The Candidates make 
 Latin Orations, produce Poetical Compositions and are 
 examined in the Classics by the Master, in the presence of 
 the Feoffees, and a public Audience in the School. 
 
 It is necessary that the Candidates be furnished with a 
 Certificate of their age, for, as by the Will no boy can re- 
 main in the School after he is Eighteen years of age, so he is 
 ineligible unto a Scholarship, and inadmissible into College 
 after he has completed that period. 
 
 By way of caution to all parties interested in the Election 
 of Scholars for the Colleges, the following Orders have been 
 made by the Feoffees, viz., 
 
 " That Boys chosen, shall at the next term at farthest after 
 the Election repair to College, and that until next term or admis- 
 sion into College, they shall continue at this School, and not at 
 any other. 
 
 " Boys not complying with the above Order, shall forfeit the 
 benefit of such Election, unless prevented by Providence, or 
 other reason to be allowed by the Feoffees. 
 
 " No boy in future shall stand as a Candidate, unless such boy 
 hath been resident in school Three years next before. 
 
 " No Scholar of BLUNDELL'S School who shall be absent 
 therefrom, and have entered at either of the Universities and 
 continued there more than one Term, shall be eligible on BLUN- 
 DELL'JS or HAM'S Foundation." 
 
 Many disputes between THE FEOFFEES and BAI.LIOL
 
 356 DEVON. 
 
 COLLEGE have happened : but none of them came to a legal 
 determination, except the case of THOMAS WHITE, in 1617, 
 who was refused admittance into College, on account of 
 Superannuation, and their rejection of him was confirmed ; 
 in the matter of HENRY LAND, in 1781, both WHITE'S 
 case and the Statutes of the CoUege were urged as the 
 grounds of their refusing him admission. 
 
 The transactions between THE FEOFFEES and SYDNEY 
 SUSSEX COLLEGE have never been interrupted. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM PAGE 
 RICHARDS, M. A., of New College, Oxford, whose Salary is 
 50. per annum. 
 
 The present Usher is, The Revd. JOHN LEY, of Sydney 
 Sussex College, Cambridge, whose Salary has been increased 
 from 20 marks to 20. 
 
 Some of the Masters have been allowed 10. a year out 
 the Trust money, when they have wished to have an Assist- 
 ant in the Higher School. 
 
 The expense of Boarding in the house of the Master, 
 or of the Usher, is the same, and is about 30. per annum. 
 
 The charge for Tuition by the Master is Five guineas 
 per annum, and by the Usher Four guineas. 
 
 The Pupils pay only the one or the other of these sums, 
 according to the Master under whose care they are placed. 
 
 The following is a List of THE MASTERS, from the first 
 establishment of The Institution, 
 
 In 1604. JOSEPH HALL, nominated by Lord Chief Justice 
 POPHAM, and resigned the same day. He was the 
 celebrated Bishop of Norwich. 
 SAMUEL BUTLER, resigned. 
 
 1647. HENRY OSBORNB, resigned. 
 
 1651. HENRY BATTEN, resigned. 
 
 1669. GEORGE HUME, resigned on account of Old age, 
 when the Feoffees gave him 150. 
 
 1 684. JOHN SANDERS, M. A., of Sydney Sussex College.
 
 TIVEBTON.] DEVON. 357 
 
 1698. WILLIAM RAYNER, M. A., of Christ Church 
 
 College. 
 1730. SAMUEL SMITH, M. A. 
 
 1733. JOHN JONES, M. A. 
 
 1734. SAMUEL WESLEY, M. A., of Christ Church College, 
 
 the Elder brother of the noted JOHN WESLEY, 
 the Founder of the Society of Methodists. 
 1740. WILLIAM DADDO, M. A., of Balliol College, re- 
 signed. He was a native of Cornwall, and a 
 distinguished Scholar. He died on the 5th of 
 August 1765, aged 57- In his time the School 
 was in very high repute. " Prcefuit dignitate 
 summa" is truly said of him in his Epitaph in 
 Tiverton Church. He was the early Friend and 
 Patron of Dr. KENNICOTT. 
 1757. PHILIP ATHERTON, M. A., of Balliol College, 
 
 resigned. 
 
 1775. RICHARD KEATS, M. A., of Magdalen College, 
 resigned. The Father of the present Admiral Sir 
 RICHARD GOODWIN KEATS, K. B. 
 1797. WILLIAM PAGE RICHARDS, M. A., of New College. 
 There are no Church Preferments, nor other advantages, 
 belonging to the Master of this School : The Founder having 
 expressed his hope, that the Masters would " hould them- 
 selves satisfied and contente with that recompense for their 
 travell," which he had assigned. 
 
 " Near Two Hundred years,"" Mr. INCLEDON observes, 
 " having elapsed since the Foundation of this School, it is 
 most likely that, if the Master or Usher had not observed 
 this Rule, it would have been noticed in the archives of the 
 School ; but as nothing of the kind appears, there needs no 
 further comment on this passage. 
 
 " However, I cannot help remarking, that on a request of 
 the Master, " in the year 1779 leave was given him to serve 
 the Parish of Stoodley," which is distant about Five miles
 
 358 DEVON. 
 
 from the School-house, and I am happy to recollect, that I 
 opposed this indulgence: an indulgence which had not 
 been granted before, and which I hope never will again, 
 unless it is confined to any one of the Portions of the Church 
 of Tiverton." 
 
 As EMULATION among Youth in School Exercises is ever 
 pleasing and praise-worthy, so whatever tends to promote 
 that virtuous feeling, will most certainly meet with appro- 
 bation. 
 
 A Proposal being made by the Master of the School, at 
 the Meeting of the Feoffees in the year 1776, for giving an 
 Honorary Medal to boys educated at this School, who should 
 distinguish themselves by Literary Abilities, it met with a 
 most cheerful reception. 
 
 In the following year, the Proposal was renewed, and a 
 liberal Subscription was entered into by the Feoffees then 
 present, which was sufficient for procuring a Die, and some 
 Medals in silver and copper. 
 
 Although the Scheme was, as it were, in it's infancy, the 
 boys were induced to bring forward their exercises at the 
 time of Subscription, upon a promise of Two Silver Medals. 
 The Institution was then opened (in 1777) by an Oration in 
 Latin, on THE FOUNPER of the School. 
 
 As soon as the Medals could be procured, which was 
 sometime in the year 1778, the boy (JOHN MATTHEWS) who 
 had distinguished himself by the Oration, and another boy 
 (BOURCHIER WILLIAM WREY) who had distinguished him- 
 self by Speaking, were each presented with a Silver Medal. 
 
 To the politeness of Sir CHAELES WARWICK BAMPFX-LDE, 
 Bart, one of the Feoffees, the Institution is indebted for the 
 design of the Medal, which was executed by Mr. PIXGO with 
 his usual ingenuity. 
 
 The expense of the Die was JE47..5..0. A Silver Medal 
 comes to about 7s..8d., and a Copper one to about 4s. 
 
 The Subscription has been increased by the Feoffees, wh
 
 TIVEBTON.] DEVON. 359 
 
 have been elected since the year 1777 ; each of them having 
 generously given Two guineas, which will probably secure a 
 sufficient fund for supporting the Institution. 
 
 But the grateful feelings of the Guardians of this eminent 
 Foundation have not been satisfied with this mark of 
 Commemoration : 
 
 THE FEOFFEES having agreed to subscribe One guinea 
 each, for the purpose of purchasing BOOKS to be given as a 
 REWARD for the best English Poem in praise of THE 
 FOUNDER, to be produced at the Meeting in 1804, being the 
 DUCENTENARY ANNIVERSARY of the Foundation of the 
 School; the same was very laudably performed, and the 
 Prizes were distributed, on St. Peter's day, the 29th of 
 June, 
 
 To J. JOHNSON, in Books of the value of 10..10..0 
 CARRINGTON LEY, do. - - 7- 7-0 
 
 CHARLES DEYMAN, do. 5.. 5..0 
 
 JOHN CLARKE, do. - - 5.. 5..0 
 
 Among the Eminent Men, who have been educated at this 
 School, may be enumerated, 
 GEORGE BULL, D. D., Bishop of ST. DAVID'S. 
 RICHARD BEADON, D. D., the present Bishop of BATH and 
 WELLS.
 
 360 DEVON [TOTXES. 
 
 t 
 
 TOTNES. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of TOTNES was founded in the 
 Seventh year of the reign of King EDWARD the Sixth, 1554, 
 when a portion of land sufficient for the erection of a School- 
 room, Guild-Hall, and Prison, and other Offices, was pur- 
 chased by The Corporation of Totnes of the then Possessor 
 of the estates of the ancient Priory ; but there does not 
 appear to have been at this time any endowment for it's 
 support. 
 
 In the year 1636, ELIZ^US HELE, Esq., already spoken 
 of in the description of Exeter Free School and who 
 obtained the appellation of " Pious Uses Hek" left his large 
 property to Trustees to undefined pious uses, and Sir 
 JOHN MAYNARD, the principal, if not the only acting 
 Trustee, out of this Trust property, endowed The Grammar 
 School of Totnes with the Fee Simple of a Tenement near 
 Rostabridge, in the adjoining Parish of Harberton, then 
 valued at nearly 40. a year, and containing about Sixty 
 acres, for the maintenance of the Master; before which 
 period, it is supposed, that the Master was supported by 
 The Corporation. 
 
 There are no Statutes nor Ordinances in existence. 
 
 The School is open to boys of the Town indefinitely, on 
 the payment of Six guineas per annum. Two boys, how- 
 ever, are sent by The Corporation to be educated, free of 
 expense. The age for admission is not limited, neither is 
 there any particular form. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the system of Edu- 
 cation is similar to that of ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University or Eccle- 
 siastical advantages, attached to this School.
 
 TOTNES.] DEVON. 361 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. JAMES CHAMPION HICKS, 
 who takes a few Boarders only, at the annual sum of 55. 
 
 Among the Eminent Men who have been educated at this 
 School, may be enumerated, 
 
 EDWARD LYE, the Antiquary and learned Saxon and 
 
 Gothic Scholar, whose Father kept the School. 
 BENJAMIN KENNICOTT, D. D., the Hebrew Scholar, and 
 
 Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. 
 PHILIP FURNEAUX, a learned Dissenting Minister.
 
 362 DORSET. [BLAND FORD. 
 
 BLANDFORD. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at BLANDFORD stands a little to the 
 North- West of the Church ; but when, or by whom it was 
 founded, is not known. A donation of 5. per annum by 
 Mr. WILLIAMS is the chief part of the Endowment. 
 
 The anonymous Author of a description of some places in 
 the County of Dorset, in 1579, says, " Here was then a 
 School of great fame, one MILLER, Master, a man of great 
 fame and learning." 
 
 This cannot now, however, be considered a FREE GRAM- 
 MAR SCHOOL, as the present Master, The Revd. Mr. WISE, 
 pays rent for the School-house, and is under no obligation 
 to teach gratuitously any of the Children of the Town. 
 
 Archbishop WAKK was educated here, under Mr. CUR- 
 OANVEN. 
 
 See, Milton Abbas.
 
 DORSET. 363 
 
 CRANBORNE. 
 
 IT is certain that there was formerly a GRAMMAR SCHOOL 
 at CRANBORNE, as EDWARD STILLINGFLEET, D. D., Bishop 
 of Worcester, was educated here, but no satisfactory evidence 
 can be produced concerning it's endowment. 
 
 The present " Academy was established by The Revd. 
 JOHN THOMPSON, Vicar of Horton, and is kept over the 
 Market-House which was erected some time since by The 
 Marquis of SALISBURY, without any endowment but the 
 room.
 
 364 DORSET. [DORCHESTER. 
 
 DORCHESTER. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL of DORCHESTER was built by EDWARD- 
 HARDY, of Wyke near Weymouth, his endowment bearing 
 date the 3d of August, in the I'wenty-first year of the reign 
 of Queen ELIZABETH, 1579, being for a Master and an 
 Usher to teach natives of the Town. THE TRUSTEES are 
 TEN in number ; Five of whom are chosen from the Gen- 
 tlemen of the County, and Five from the Inhabitants of 
 the Town. There is no Common Seal. 
 
 T \ he present endowment consists of a small farm in the 
 Parish of Froome Vauchurch, which is now let for 30. per 
 annum; and Quit Rents arising from Dwelling-houses in 
 the Town of Dorchester, let on leases for Lives, renewable 
 on payment of Fines ; together with a Chief Rent of 2. 
 per annum arising from an estate at Shilvinghampton ; 
 amounting in the whole to 53. per annum, 
 
 The renewals of Lives in these Houses may be averaged 
 at 20. occasionally ; but this advantage is now sequestered 
 from the Master, to make up the money which was borrowed 
 to defray the expenses incurred for repairing the premises 
 in 1815. 
 
 A large room in the Dwelling-house, belonging to the 
 School, was used as a School for the Lower boys before the 
 year 1 660, and was no doubt the original School built by the 
 Townsmen, before Mr. HARDY'S Foundation; for a little 
 South of the House door, upon the wall, are the Queen's 
 Arms, supported by a Lion and a Wyvern, and under them 
 the date 1569. 
 
 The School having suffered much in a great Fire which 
 happened in the Town in 1613, ROBERT CHEKE, then Mi- 
 nister and Schoolmaster, built what is now the great School,
 
 DOHCHESTER.] DORSET. 365 
 
 with the Library over it, Sir ROBEKT NAPIER having given 
 some ground for the purpose, so that this was an addition to 
 the original building. 
 
 The House designed for the Usher, has long since been 
 disposed of, and the situation of an Usher entirely relin- 
 quished. 
 
 There is a small Exhibition at any College, in either Uni- 
 versity, for a native of this town, amounting to 5. per 
 annum, which arises from the profits of the Market. 
 
 There are also two Exhibitions of jlO. per annum each 
 at St. John's College, Cambridge, for Scholars from St. Paul's 
 School, London, or the Free School of Dorchester. 
 
 This School flourished exceedingly under the happy aus- 
 pices of The Revd. JOHN WATSON ; from 40 to 60 Boarders 
 were educated in his house, and it was a Seminary of very 
 great repute . 
 
 The School also maintained it's credit during the Master- 
 ship of The Revd. JOHN CUTLER, now Head Master of The 
 Free School at Sherborne. 
 
 The present Master, The Revd. EVAN DAVIES, A. B., 
 was appointed on the 16th of October, 1814. He found 
 the School dwindled down to Ten Boarders; the greater 
 part of whom retired from it, on the resignation of Mr. 
 RICHMAN. He had the arduous task of raising a School 
 thus diminished, and to contend with others which had 
 benefited by it's decay. His endeavours have not been 
 wanting, and it is hoped that they will be crowned with the 
 success which he deserves. 
 
 The present Salary is 53. per annum, together with a 
 House, rent freee ; But the Master pays all taxes to which 
 the House is subject, except the Window Tax for the 
 School and Dormitory over it. He also pays the Poor 
 rates. 
 
 This Gentleman's terms are, 
 For Board and Tuition in the Classics, per annum 42.. 0..0
 
 366 DORSET. [DORCHESTER. 
 
 Washing and mending, - 2..12..6 
 
 Writing and Arithmetic, - - \, ^ . 3.. 3..0 
 
 Mathematics, Geometry, Algebra, &c., if learned, 4.. 4..0 
 Geography, if learned, - - 2.. 2..0 
 
 Entrance, 3.. 3..0 
 
 French, Dancing, and other Accomplishments on the 
 usual terms. 
 
 It is requested that each young Gentleman be provided 
 with six Towels. 
 
 The utmost care and attention are paid to the Health and 
 Morals of the youg Gentlemen. 
 
 The plan of Education pursued in Dorchester School, 
 bears a strict resemblance to the system introduced into 
 Winchester College by Bishop HUNTINGFORD, the present 
 Warden. 
 
 In the method of teaching the Greek language, the 
 Bishop's rules are invariably adhered to ; and all his Publi- 
 cations, introductory to that language, are read by the 
 Students when first commencing Greek* 
 
 The edition of the works of Pindar by H. HUNTINGFORD, 
 LL.B., is now introduced into the School; being considered 
 a publication of great utility, to facilitate the Learner's pro- 
 gress in the rendering of that difficult author with propriety. 
 
 The various Greek authors read in the School, are copies 
 of the most correct and authorized editions, viz., 
 
 HOMER, Oxford edition, at the Clarendon Press. 
 
 SOPHOCLES, Brunck's edition, Oxford. 
 
 EURIPIDES, Person's edition, Oxford. 
 
 PINDAR, Huntingford's edition, Oxford. 
 
 HERODOTUS, Schaffer's edition, Oxford. 
 
 THUCYDIDES, Saver's edition, Oxford. 
 
 The Latin Poets read in the School are generally DEL- 
 PHIN editions ; as are also the Prose authors. 
 
 The Sciences of Mathematics, Algebra, Geometry, &c., 
 are taught in the School by a very able Professor. Certain
 
 DORCHESTER.] DORSET. 367 
 
 hours of particular days in the week are allotted and set 
 apart for those, who are desirous of being made acquainted 
 with these useful Sciences. 
 
 The Evenings in each particular day of the week are de- 
 voted to Compositions, Prose and Verse alternately ; and 
 other exercises proportioned to the progress of the different 
 Scholars. 
 
 On Sunday Evenings the authors read for instilling Reli- 
 gious knowledge into the minds of the Pupils, are SAND- 
 FORD'S Lectures on the Church Catechism, GILPIN'S Lec- 
 tures, and other little Tracts correspondent to the years of 
 the Pupils. 
 
 The School-house at Dorchester is very commodious, com- 
 prising a very fine School-room 50 feet by 23 ; and several 
 excellent Bed-rooms ; and is considered sufficiently large for 
 the accommodation of Sixty Boarders. There is an excel- 
 lent Play-Court attached to the House, which was made at 
 the sole expense of Mr. DA VIES, in 1817. 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS, 
 In 1595. ROBERT CHEKE. 
 
 GABRIEL REEVES. 
 
 ] 657- SAMUEL CRUMWELHOLME, M. A., the eminent 
 Linguist, afterwards Head Master of St. 
 Paul's School. 
 
 1657- HENRY DOLLING, LL.B. 
 CONYERS PLACE, M. A. 
 Revd. WILLIAM THORNTON. 
 JOHN JACOB, LL. B. 
 Revd. EDWARD COZENS, M. A. 
 Revd. Dr. LEE. 
 Revd. Mr. HENCHMAN. 
 1749. Revd. JOHN HUBBOCK, M.A. 
 Revd. JOHN WATSON. 
 Revd. J. CUTLER. 
 
 Revd. HENRY JOHN RICHMAN, B. C. L. 
 1814. Revd. EVANDAVIES, A. B.
 
 368 DORSET. [DORCHESTER. 
 
 There are at present Twelve Foundation boys at the 
 School, who pay Three guineas per annum each. 
 The present TRUSTEES are, 
 In the COUNTY of Dorset. 
 
 The Earl of SHAFTESBURY. 
 
 ROBERT WILLIAMS, Esq., M. P., for the Borough of 
 Dorchester. 
 
 The Honble. NATHANIEL BOND. 
 
 CHARLTON BYAM WOOLL ASTON, Esq., Recorder of the 
 Borough. 
 
 WILLIAM MORTON PITT, Esq., M. P., for the County of 
 Dorset. 
 
 In the TOWN of Dorchester. 
 
 THOMAS GOULD REED, Esq. 
 
 ROBERT PATTISON, Esq. 
 
 NATHANIEL STICKLAND, Esq. 
 
 Colonel BOWER. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER COOPER, M. D. 
 
 SIMON FORD, an elegant Latin Poet, was educated at this 
 School. 
 
 The Presentation to the United Rectories of ST. PETER 
 and THE HOLY TRINITY is stated to belong to the Trustees 
 of this Establishment.
 
 EVERSHOT.] DORSET. 
 
 EVERSHOT, near SHERBORNE. 
 
 THE FREE GEAMMAR SCHOOL at EVERSHOT was founded by 
 CHRISTOPHER STICKLAND, of Yealdon, in the County of 
 Bedford, Gentleman, by Indenture dated the 20th of Novem- 
 ber, in the Fourth year of the reign of King CHARLES the 
 First, 1628, to the intent " to have a Free School for reading, 
 writing, and Grammar erected and settled within the Town 
 of Evershot aforesaid (where he was born), for the instruc- 
 tion and breeding of men children which have or shall here- 
 after be born in the same Town, and in the Parish of Frome 
 St. Quintin ; and also for any other that he shall nominate 
 and appoint thereto to be taught the same, not exceeding 
 the number of Four; and for that purpose to provide and 
 allot some competent sustentation and maintenance to and 
 for a Schoolmaster there successively for ever, to train up, 
 instruct, and teach the same Children in good Learning, 
 true Religion, and the fear of God." 
 
 And for the Endowment of the same he gave a house and 80 
 acres of land situate at Over Kingcombe, in the Parish of Toller 
 Porcorum, in the County of Dorset, to be let on lease " from 
 seven years to seven years continually for ever, at the best im- 
 proved yearly rent or value that shall or may be made, or will 
 be given for the same j" the yearly rent and other profits to be 
 " for and towards the yearly stipend and maintenance of some 
 honest, painfull, and sufficient learned Schoolmaster." The 
 Schoolmaster to be nominated by The Founder during his life 
 time j and after by the Feoffees, or the greatest number of them, 
 successively. The Salary to be paid half yearly. 
 
 And moreover, " that every of the male Children whether 
 either of the kindred or blood of the Founder, or of the name of 
 STICKLAND, and who have been or shall be born within Thirty 
 miles of the Town of Evershot, and any other that shall be sent 
 thither by the Founder, his heirs, or assigns not exceeding the 
 number of Four, shall be at all times hereafter for ever received 
 and taught in the said School, until they severally attain the age 
 of Eighteen years, freely and without giving, paying, or being- 
 
 VOL. i. B b
 
 3?0 DORSET. [EvERSHOT. 
 
 demanded to pay any money or other recompense for their teach- 
 ing or learning in the said school." 
 
 And furthermore, inasmuch as the principal Inhabitants of the 
 Town of Evershot had promised and agreed to convert the 
 Town-house or Church-house, together with an acre of land 
 thereunto belonging, to and for the use of a School-house, and 
 for Scholars there to be taught, the Founder therefore gave the 
 sum of 20., and also gave and delivered by the direction and 
 appointment of PETRONELL BYWORTH, his Sister, deceased, the 
 sum of 50. to the Feoffees, for a Stock to be employed for the 
 benefit and maintenance of the Poor of Evershot and Rampisham 
 for ever : 30s. of the annual interest thereof to be for the main- 
 tenance and relief of the poor of Rampisham, wherein the said 
 PETRONELL BYWORTH was born j and 20s. to be given yearly to 
 some honest, learned men, whom the Feoffees shall nominate, to 
 preach Two Sermons yearly for ever, one on the Feast of St. 
 Michael the Archangel, and the other on the First day of May 
 in the Town of Evershot : and the residue to be for relief of 
 the Poor of Evershot, to be bestowed as well in providing of 
 wool, flax, hemp, and other necessaries to set such of the poor 
 persons to work as are thereunto able, as also in providing 
 of bread and clothing for such other of the poor as are aged, 
 weak, sick, or impotent, at the discretion of the Parson, Church- 
 wardens, and Overseers of the Poor for the time being. 
 
 THE FEOFFEES are Twelve in number, and on being reduced 
 to Four, the Survivors are to appoint . " Eight other persons of 
 good quality," for the performance of the Trust. And in case 
 of the failure or neglect of the Trustees to demise or let the said 
 messuages and lands, or to pay and employ the yearly rents and 
 profits thereof towards the maintenance of a Schoolmaster at 
 Evershot, " that then and at all times of failing, the Schoolmaster 
 there for the time being, together with the Parson of Evershot, 
 and the Church- wardens, and Overseers of the Poor there for the 
 time being, or any two or more of them (whereof the Parson of 
 Evershot for the time then being to be one) shall and may in 
 the name of the said Feoffees contract for leases of the said mes- 
 suages and lands for the like term of Seven years, at the best 
 improved yearly balance the same will yield." 
 
 And if any Schoolmaster " shall happen to prove disordered 
 of behaviour, or otherwise unfit to teach and train up Children 
 according to the true meaning of these presents, that then the 
 said CHRISTOPHER STICKLAND during his life time, and after his 
 decease, the said Feoffees, or the greatest number of them for the 
 time being, shall and may displace and put out such disordered 
 and unfit person, and place in such other fit person from time 
 to time, as they in their discretion shall think meet."
 
 EVERSHOT.] DORSET. 371 
 
 The present rental of the Endowment is 1 45. per annum ,- 
 together with the School-house and acre of land, which may 
 be estimated at about 10. or 12. more. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. RICHARD CORPE, who was 
 appointed on the 26th of December, 1811. 
 The names of the present TRUSTEES are, 
 
 EDWARD PERRY BUCKLEY, Esq., of Minstead Lodge. 
 
 The Revd. JOHN HAINES, Clerk. 
 
 The Revd. WILLIAM JENKINS, Clerk, of Melbury 
 
 Osmond. 
 The Right Honble. HENRY STEPHEN Earl of ILCHES- 
 
 TER. 
 
 The Right Honble. EDWARD Earl DIGBY. 
 Sir WILLIAM OGLANDER, Bart., of Parnham. 
 Sir JOHN WYLDBORE SMITH, Bart., of Sydling St. 
 
 Nicholas. 
 
 CHARLES LEMON, Esq., of Dean's Leaze. 
 JOHN PHELIPS, Esq., of Mountacute. 
 ROBERT GORDON, Esq., of Leweston. 
 The Revd. CHARLES DIGBY, Clerk, Canon of Wind- 
 sor, of Discove. 
 
 The Revd. TOWNSHEND SELWYN, Clerk, Rector of 
 Melbury Bubb, of the City of Gloucester.
 
 37^2 DORSET GILLIXGHAM. 
 
 GILLINGHAM,, near SHAFTESBURY. 
 
 t 
 The Founder of THE FREE SCHOOL at GILLINGHAM is 
 
 unknown. 
 
 By a Decree in Chancery, in 1598, relative to the Parish Lands, 
 it appears, that sundry Messuages, Lands, and Tenements, par- 
 cel of the Customary Lands of the Manor of Gillingham, were 
 conveyed and assured to the use of sundry persons and their heirs, 
 in Trust, that out of the issues and profits thereof, there might 
 be perpetually maintained within this Town a Schoolmaster, for 
 the instruction of Youth in good Literature, and for the better 
 discharge of their duty to God, the King, and the Common- 
 wealth ; and that the Church of Gillingham may be better re- 
 paired j poor People there relieved j Prisoners refreshed ; and 
 Highways, Causeways, and Bridges thereabouts, kept and main- 
 tained. 
 
 By an Inquisition taken at Gillingham on the 28th of Septem- 
 ber, in the Forty-first year of the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, 
 1599, it was directed, that the interests of the Copyholders shall 
 be conveyed by Surrender from time to time unto TWELVE of 
 the Customary Tenants of the said Manor, to hold by Copy of 
 Court-Roll to them and their Heirs, according to the custom of the 
 Manor, by the Fines, Heriots, Customs and Services thereof due 
 and accustomed ; which Twelve persons, and the Survivors of 
 them, shall be called by the name of " THE FEOFFEES of the 
 LANDS of GILLINGHAM, appointed to CHARITABLE USES :" 
 
 That the sum of Twenty marks yearly of the rents and profits 
 of these Lands, shall be employed to the finding and mainten- 
 ance of a Schoolmaster at Gillingham, to teach the Children of 
 the Parishioners, gratis; and that the election or removal of 
 him shall be by The Feoffees, with the advice and consent of the 
 Vicar. 
 
 In the year 1680, the School was augmented by Dr. 
 DAVENANT, with 5. per annum. And, in 1698, Mr. 
 CHRISTOPHER ESTMOND gave 8. per annum more. 
 
 A portion of the property, in 1799, was surrendered to 
 STEPHEN ARNOLD, then Proprietor of The Phasnix Inn, ad- 
 joining, and the produce thereof applied to the Redemption
 
 GILLINOHAM.] DORSET. 373 
 
 of the Land-Tax, from the other property in Gillingham, 
 under the Act of the 38. Geo. III. chap. 60. 
 
 By an Act passed in the 49. Geo. III., 1809, for inclos- 
 ing the waste lands within this Parish, an addition of about 
 three acres was made to the Estates : and in consequence 
 thereof and of many exchanges and improvements effected 
 about that time, the situation of the lands was materially 
 altered. The present quantity of land belonging to the 
 School is 88 a ..0 r ..15 p . 
 
 This is now, and has been for a considerable time past, 
 merely a Village School, nothing beyond English, writing, 
 and arithmetic being taught in it. 
 
 The Master has a Dwelling-house, and a Salary of 40. 
 per annum ; and instructs 1 8 Boys gratis. 
 
 The Rack-Rent of the Estate is nearly 200. per annum, 
 which is faithfully applied to the objects of the Charity. 
 
 This School, according to Mr. HUTCHINS, was formerly 
 in good repute. In the great Rebellion, it was full of the 
 Sons of Loyal Gentlemen. Lord Chancellor CLARENDON 
 had part of his Education here ; and, it was the first pre- 
 ferment of Dr. FHAMPTOX, afterwards Bishop of GLOU- 
 CESTER.
 
 374 DORSET. [MILTON ABBAS. 
 
 MILTON ABBAS, near BLANDFORD. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at MILTON was founded by 
 WILLIAM MIDDLETON, Abbot of Milton, in the Twelfth 
 year of King HENRY the Eighth, 1521 : who, about the 
 same time, purchased of THOMAS KIRTON the Manor, 
 Farm, and Free Chapel of Little Mayne, containing 200 
 acres of land, in the County of Dorset, with which he en- 
 (Ipwed the School. 
 
 By Deed, dated the 10th of February, 1521, under the Com- 
 mon Seal of the Abbey of Milton, the said Abbot, with the con- 
 sent of his Convent, grants the Manor and premises of Little 
 Mayne to THOMAS KIRTON, which had been before purchased of 
 him, upon Trust, that he should convey the same to Sir GILES 
 STRANGWAYS and other Feoffees, to the intent to maintain a Free 
 Grammar School in the Town of Milton, and to employ the 
 profits of the said Manor and premises to the maintenance of a 
 School, and of a Schoolmaster for the term of Ninety-seven 
 years : But, if within that time license might be obtained to 
 alien the said Manor and premises in mortmain, that then the 
 Feoffees should grant the same to the use of the said School 5 
 But, if such license could not be obtained, that then the Feoffees, 
 after the expiration of the said term, should sell the Manor and 
 premises, and employ the money arising therefrom in the main- 
 tenance of the School, as long as might be. 
 
 In pursuance of the Abbot's direction, the Manor, farm, and 
 Free Chapel of Little Mayne were conveyed by KIRTON, in the 
 Twenty-eighth of HEXRY the Eighth, to the several Feoffees, for 
 the purposes expressed in his grant. 
 
 The Feoffees were empowered to " visit, place, and displace 
 the Schoolmaster, wherein they should also confer with and use 
 the advice and consent of Six of the principal Inhabitants of the 
 Town of Milton." And it appears, that the School "being seated 
 even in the middle of the County of Dorset" was "of good regard, 
 and, in former times, much frequented." 
 
 In 1784, the Lord of the Manor of Milton having rebuilt 
 his Mansion House, and deeming the School-house to be an 
 'impediment to his plan of ornamenting the environs, brought
 
 MILTON ABBAS.] DORSET. 375 
 
 a Bill into Parliament for removing it to Dorchester, ten 
 miles distant from Milton. This measure was opposed by 
 the Feoffees ; and the project was finally abandoned. 
 
 But, in the succeeding year, application was made to Par- 
 liament to remove the School to the Town of Blandford : 
 which measure was also opposed by the Feoffees, but with 
 different success ; for an Act was then obtained " for vest- 
 ing the School-house, &c., in or near the Town of Milton, 
 in JOSEPH Lord MILTON and his Heirs, in lieu of, or in 
 compensation for, a messuage or tenement, &c., situate in 
 the Town of Blandford Forum, of greater value." 
 
 To the honour of the Feoffees it ought to be remembered^ 
 that during a litigation of more than Twenty years, which 
 was attended with an enormous expense, they paid the whole 
 out of their private purses, without charging a single Sliil- 
 Ung to the account of the Charity : an example well worthy 
 of Imitation ! 
 
 By the removal of the School to Blandford, a distance of 
 six miles from Milton Abbas, the original intention of THB 
 FOUNDER has been entirely defeated, and the benefits of 
 the Institution have been lost to the public, as no children 
 have been sentjbr education since that period ! 
 
 The following are the names of the SCHOOLMASTERS : 
 
 ARTHUR YOUNG, 18. James 1st. 
 
 THOMAS MERRY, M. A., 1631. 
 
 JOHN MARSH, 1680. 
 
 GEORGE MARSH, M. A., 1699. 
 
 JAMES MARTIN, 1737- 
 
 JOHN WOOD, 1757- 
 
 JOHN WARTON, M. A., 1780.
 
 DORSET. [SHAFTESBURY. 
 
 SHAFTESBURY. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at SHAFTESBURY, which was for 
 many years a principal Seminary in the West of England, 
 is now no more. 
 
 There is not, however, to be found any trace of a regular 
 Endowment : all that is certainly known is, that there was 
 a commodious School-house, garden, and offices in Bimport 
 Street, which, in the early part of the reign of King CHARLES 
 the First, for the consideration of .40., were conveyed by 
 JANE, Wife of HUGH GROVE, Esq., of Chisenbury, Daugh- 
 ter of WILLIAM GROVE, Esq., of Shaftesbury, to WILLIAM 
 WHITAKER, Esq., of that place, and WILLIAM HURMAN, 
 Gentleman. 
 
 Mr. WHITAKER and Mr. HURMAN by Indenture of Feoffment, 
 dated in 1646, recite, that heretofore the said WILLIAM \VHITA- 
 KER and WILLIAM HURMAN did with the sum of 40., the pro- 
 per monies of the said WILLIAM WHITAKER, purchase one mes- 
 suage, tenement, and gardens thereafter mentioned, originally 
 intended for the use of the Mayor, Recorder, and Capital Bur- 
 gessess of the Borough of Shaston for the time being, and their 
 Successors, <e to be by them employed to and for the erecting and 
 making of a School-house or Free School within the Borough of 
 Shaston and accommodation of a Schoolmaster, to be conveyed over 
 by the said WILLIAM WHITAKER and WILLIAM HURMAN on pay- 
 ment to the former of 40. by the said Mayor, Recorder, ami Ca- 
 pital Burgesses'" 
 
 And the said WILLIAM WHITAKER, and WILLIAM HURMAN, 
 grant the premises (describing them as then being in the occu- 
 pation of THOMAS GARDEN, M.A., Schoolmaster of the said 
 School,) to ALBINUS MUSTON, Gentleman, and NICHOLAS COO- 
 PER, of Shaftesbury, Gentleman, and their Heirs, to the use of 
 the Mayor, Recorder, and Capital Burgesses of Shaston for the 
 time being, and their Successors, according to the intent of the 
 original purchase. 
 
 If it should be asked, how a School-master having only 
 a Salary of 40*. could have been induced to take boys, and 
 to educate them grammatically, the only probable answer 
 is, That the Parsonage-house of the Town being wholly
 
 SHAFTESBCRY.] DORSET. 317 
 
 unfit for a Clergyman to reside in, whilst the School-house 
 was very commodious, and the person succeeding to the 
 House, probably succeeded to the benefit of a Grammar 
 School then in good repute. 
 
 Dr. ABBOT successively Master of the Public Schools at 
 Abingdon in Berkshire and of Colchester in Essex, Father 
 of the late distinguished Speaker of The House of Commons 
 now CHARLES Lord COLCHESTER, was educated upon the 
 Foundation under the care of Mr. CLARKE. 
 
 By the List of Masters it appears, that to Mr. MITCHELL 
 succeeded The Revd. Mr. TOP HAM, and to him his son, 
 both of whom kept a Grammar School, but there was no 
 Scholar taken gratuitously : the latter, however, leaving 
 the Town of Shaftesbury, the house was untenanted and the 
 buildings became much out of repair. The Corporation was 
 too poor, or was unwilling to repair them, and the School, 
 as a Grammar School, may from that time be considered as 
 at an end. 
 
 It is true, that The Revd. Mr. CHRISTIE afterwards kept a 
 Grammar School in the same house, but he paid a rent for 
 it, and had not the 40*. Stipend. 
 
 Although there is now a Grammar School here, it is not 
 kept on the old scite, nor is there now any allowance from 
 The Corporation, as they considered the 40*. per annum in 
 the nature of a free gift to the Master, and, therefore, the 
 regular School may be considered as extinct. But the House 
 remains, and the Corporation receive the rent of it. 
 
 There is a Manuscript in the hand writing of WILLIAM 
 WHITAKER, which was found amongst other curious Papers 
 at Motcombe near Shaftesbury, where he had resided, and 
 which is as follows, 
 
 " IS.ffeb. 1 Car. 1625. WILLIAM Earl of PEMBROKE by Deed 
 indented (for the erection and perpetuall continuance of a Gram- 
 mar School in Shaston, and for the rent yearly reserved) did 
 i^ive, grant, enfeoffe, and confirme unto Sir FRANCIS ASHLEY, Sir 
 WALTER EHLE, JOHN BROWN, Esq., JOHN WHITE,
 
 37S DORSET. [SHAFTESBURY. 
 
 WALTER NEWBOROUGH, Clerke, ANTHONY PROWSE, Clerke, 
 EDMOND COLE, and CHRISTOPHER WERE, of Shaston, Gentle- 
 men, their Heires and Assignes, all that messuage, tenement, 
 and stone built house, and three cottages near adjoining on the 
 south part of the said stone built house, called or known by the 
 
 name of " The Maudlin," &c. in Shaston. Together with all 
 
 gardens, backsides, and plotts of ground therewith or with any 
 part thereof used or enjoyed., with the appurtenances, and also 
 one little house or cottage, and a little garden plott adjoyning 
 on the North part or side of the said Maudlin, now or late in the 
 possession of ELIZABETH TYCE als HUISSE, all containing one 
 acre and half, and by the Deed are p~ticularly bounded and sett 
 forth. And further grants them a plot of ground leading from 
 the Church-yard of St. Trinity by the Lo. ARUNDELL'S stable 
 over Sansoms green and through two little gardens between 
 Sansoms green and the Maudlin for a way, which shall containe 
 about 25 perches in length and 20 foot in bredth, and the 
 reverclon of all the p~misses, Habendu to the said Feoffees and 
 their heirs, to the intent that they and their heirs shall imploy 
 the p~misses for ever, for a school- house, and for the benefit of 
 such a Schoolmaster as the said Feoffees and their heirs, or the 
 greater number of them, shall from time to tune nominate and 
 appoint, rendring 4d. rent yearly, with a Letter of Attorney 
 to execute livery and seisin which is not endorsed to be done, 
 therefore it is probable it was never executed, Yet may this be 
 good without livery by the Statutes for Charitable uses, and by 
 the very words of the Statute, being by Deed. 
 
 " This original Deed was delivered into my hands by Sir 
 WALTER ERLE and Mr. JOHN WHITE, two of the ffeoffees for 
 the benefit of the Town and Corporation of Shaston, and there- 
 upon the Corporation bestowed above 40. in reparations on 
 The Maudlin. 
 
 " Yet afterwards Sir WALTER ERLE sent for, and had the 
 originall Deed again out of my hands, on ptence he would get a 
 new grant thereof from PHILLIP Earl of PEMBROKE, because it 
 was conceived the first Deed was void by the death of W T ILLIAM 
 Earle of PEMBROKE before livery made. But I have a copie of 
 the first Deed truly examined. WILL. WHITAKER." 
 
 Although by this unworthy artifice of Sir WALTER ERLE the 
 Corporation had not the benefit of this Deed, yet the persons in 
 possession considering that Lord PEMBROKE had parted with his 
 right in the premises, treated the property as their own, 'till at 
 length the Parish Officers relieving these persons from the Poor 
 stock, seized upon the property, and it is now the Parish-House for 
 the Poor of THE HOLY TRINITY, in Shaftesbury !
 
 SHERBORNE.] DORSET. 
 
 SHERBORNE. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at SHERBORNE, which adjoins 
 to the East end of the Church, was founded, and very 
 liberally endowed by King EDWARD the Sixth, in the 
 Fourth year of his reign, 1551. 
 
 By the original Charter, TWENTY of the Principal Inhabitants 
 of the Town of Sherborne were appointed GOVERNORS, consti- 
 tuted a Body Corporate, and empowered to elect new Governors 
 as often as vacancies should happen in their number. And, for 
 the support of the School, the King granted them the whole of 
 the Dissolved Chantry of Martock, in the County of Somerset, 
 with all it's rights, members, and appurtenances, with the 
 capital mansion of the said Chantry, and all thereto belonging, 
 in the Parish of Martock, and all the messuage, rents, &c., late 
 parcel of the posssesions of the said Chantry, situate at Brad- 
 ford, Brand, and Barnardsley, in the Parish of Wiuiborne, and 
 elsewhere, in the County of Dorset : and also all the Dissolved 
 Chantry of St. Catherine in the Church of Gillingham, in the 
 County of Dorset, with the capital Mansion of the same Chantry, 
 in Gillingham, and all the messuages and lands in Gillingham, 
 Sylton, Mylton, and Cumbermeade, and elsewhere, in the same 
 County, late parcel of the possessions of the said Chantry ; and 
 also all the messuages, lands, &c., in Litchet Maltravers, and 
 Stourminster Marshal, and elsewhere, in the County of Dorset, 
 lately belonging to Gibbon's Chantry in Litchet Maltravers, and 
 then in the tenure of Sir THOMAS TRENCHARD 5 and also the 
 whole Free Chapel of Thornton, in the Parish of Marnhull, in 
 the County of Dorset, and all lands thereto belonging ; and also 
 Thirty acres of land in the Parish of Symondsborough, which 
 belonged to the Chantry of St. Catherine in the Church of 
 Ilminster, in the County of Somerset ; to be holden by the said 
 Governors of the King, as of his Manor of Stalbridge, paying- 
 yearly into the Court of Augmentations the sum of 13*..4d. 
 
 His Majesty also granted them a Common Seal, a power to 
 plead and to be impleaded, and to elect two Schoolmasters, and, 
 with the advice of the Bishop of BRISTOL, to make Rules and 
 Statutes for the government of the Masters and Scholars, and 
 for the disposal and preservation of the Estates and Revenues of 
 the School. 
 
 This Grant was renewed, or confirmed, and a new clause
 
 * 330 DORSET. [SHERBORXE. 
 
 added, in the Fifth year of EDWARD the Sixth, 1552, to empower 
 the Governors to purchase lands to the amount of -4*20. per 
 annum. 
 
 The Revenues of the School have been formerly much 
 neglected, if not abused ; but new Regulations have of late 
 years been proposed and adopted. For the improvements 
 which have taken place in these Charities, the Public are 
 indebted in a great measure to the late Revd. JOHN CHAFIE, 
 who was for some time a very active Brother of the Alms- 
 house, and Governor of the School. 
 
 A body of STATUTES for the government of the School 
 was drawn up soon after it was founded; but they have 
 been altered from time to time by the advice of the Bishops 
 of BRISTOL : 
 
 By the Statutes which were made on the 10th of October, 
 1679.. it is directed, that the Upper Master shall be a Master of 
 Arts at least, of one of the Two Universities, well skilled in 
 the Latin and Greek languages, &c. ; and that he shall be ob- 
 liged to undertake no other profession (otherwise than a Minis- 
 ter of the Church of England), that may divert his diligence and 
 care from the said School : 
 
 The Usher shall be a Bachelor of Arts, and under the same 
 restrictions as the Upper Master : 
 
 But it is not requisite that the Masters should have entered 
 into Holy Orders : 
 
 Every Scholar that shall be admitted into the said School, 
 shall pay unto the Schoolmaster Is. 6d., whereof 4d. shall be for 
 the Master, and 4d. for the Usher j And of so many as shall be 
 yearly admitted into the said School, between the Feast of St. 
 Michael and the same Feast next after, the Schoolmaster shall 
 deliver up a Roll of their names, with 4cZ. for every name so 
 inrolled unto the Warden, to be inrolled in a Book for that pur- 
 pose kept by the Warden, and 6d. towards the increase of Books 
 in the LIBRARY, for which the Warden shall yearly give an 
 account : 
 
 Each Boy to pay 6d. annually towards Books. 
 
 The Master, and Brethren of the Alms-house, have 
 usually been Governors, and each in their turn Warden and 
 Sub- Warden of the School. 
 
 The present site of the School (formerly a part of The
 
 SHBRBORNE.] DORSET. 381 
 
 Abbey) was granted to the Governors by Sir JOHN HORSEY, 
 of Clifton, about the first or second year of PHILIP and 
 MARY, 1553-4. The South side, and the centre of the 
 Upper Master's house, were part of the West end of the 
 Chapels of Our Lady, and of Our Lady of Bow. The 
 groined arches and tracery, once richly painted and gilt, still 
 remain in the bed- rooms, exactly corresponding in style and 
 ornaments with the stone roof of the Church. When these 
 Chapels were converted into a Dwelling-house, the Arms of 
 France and England, quarterly in a lozenge, crowned and 
 supported by two Dragons, were placed over the upper 
 Window of the South front in a square frame with wreathed 
 pedestals, crowned, and beautifully dressed with open pease- 
 cods and flowers. These fell down after the frost in 1796 
 or 1797> but have since been replaced. 
 
 The present School is an elegant room, which was erected 
 in the reign of CHARLES the Second upon the site of an 
 ancient Chapel. Over the Head Master's desk is the Statue 
 of the Founder. 
 
 Adjoining to the School is a smaller room, now used as a 
 Writing-School, and Dining-hall for the Boarders: above 
 which is another very commodious room, very neatly and 
 conveniently fitted up as a LIBRARY, and containing many 
 rare and valuable books, which have either been given by 
 the neighbouring Gentry, or purchased for the use of the 
 School. 
 
 The Offices belonging to the Master's House, Lodgings for 
 the boys, and two spacious Playing-Courts, are" on the 
 North side of the Church, extending at present as far as the 
 site of the East walk of the Cloister. North of the Courts 
 and Offices is an excellent Garden, purchased of the Parish 
 of Sherborne about Eighty years since by the Governors of 
 the School, for the use of the Master. This Garden formerly 
 belonged to the Priory, which stood in the lower part of it,
 
 382 DORSET. [SHERBORNE. 
 
 adjoining to the original School premises that were granted 
 by Sir JOHN HORSEY. 
 
 The principal entrance to the School is into a small paved 
 Court, surrounded on two sides by a high wall, and on the 
 other sides by the Master's house, and the great School- 
 room. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used; and the 
 plan of Education now adopted in this School is similar to 
 that of ETON. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, University advantages, or 
 Church Preferments, belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOHN CUTLER, 
 M. A., whose Salary is 100. per annum, together with a 
 spacious House and Garden, free of all taxes and repairs. 
 This Gentleman takes private Pupils, his terms, for the 
 board and education of each, being 33 Guineas a year. 
 
 The present Under Master is, The Revd. Mr. JAMES, 
 whose Salary is 80. per annum. 
 
 The following is a List of THE MASTERS ; 
 RICHARD NEWMAN, M. A., died in 1641. 
 THOMAS CURGANVEN, M. A. 
 
 GERARD, M. A., resigned about the year 1720. 
 
 BENJAMIN WILDING, M. A. 
 JOHN GAYLORD, M. A., died in 1743. 
 THOMAS PAGET, M. A., resigned in 1751. 
 JOSEPH HILL, M. A. 
 
 NATHANIEL BRISTED, M. A., succeeded in 1766. 
 JOHN CUTLER, M. A., on the resignation of Mr. 
 BRISTED, in 1789.
 
 WIMBORNE MINSTER .] DORSET. 
 
 
 WIMBORNE MINSTER. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in WIMBORNE MINSTER, 
 which stands at the end of the Town near Dean's Court, the 
 Seat of Sir JAMES HANHAM, Bart., was originally founded 
 by MARGARET Countess of RICHMOND and DERBV, (only 
 Daughter of JOHN BEAUFORT Duke of SOMERSET, who lies 
 buried in The Collegiate Church of Wimborne) by Letters 
 Patent of the 12th of HENRY the Seventh, 1497, empower- 
 ing her to found and endow a Perpetual Chantry of one 
 Chaplain in Honour of The Blessed Jesus, The Annuncia- 
 tion of the Virgin Mary, and for the health of her Soul, and 
 the Souls of her Parents, &c. 
 
 But dying before it was endowed, her Executors RICHARD
 
 384 DORSET. [WIMBOBNB MINSTER. 
 
 Bishop of Winchester, JOHN Bishop of Rochester, and 
 HENRY HORNBY, Clerk, obtained additional Letters Patent 
 in the first year of the reign of King HENRY the Eighth, 
 1509, ratifying the former, and giving them power to pur- 
 chase other lands to the value of 6. per annum, over and 
 above the lands and possessions of the clear yearly value of 
 10. originally designed. 
 
 Accordingly, in 1510, by a Tripartite Deed made between 
 her Executors on the first part, The Dean and Chapter of 
 The Chapel Royal on the second part, and the Sacrist or 
 Keeper of the Chantry founded by THOMAS de BREMBRE on 
 the third part, the Executors erected and established in this 
 Church, a Chantry at the Altar on the South side of the 
 Tomb of JOHN Duke of SOMERSET and MARGARET his 
 Wife, Father and Mother of the Countess. 
 
 And, by that Deed appointed Sir RICHARD HODGE- 
 KYNNES, B. A., first Chaplain of the Chantry to reside con- 
 tinually in the College, in a House set apart by The Dean 
 and Chapter for that purpose, there to teach Grammar to all 
 who came for instruction, according to the custom of the 
 Schools of ETON and WINCHESTER, without any perquisites 
 but what were appointed by the Executors. 
 
 Such was the state of the School before the Reformation. 
 
 On the Dissolution of The College it met with the com- 
 mon fate, and together with the lands, tythes, and posses- 
 sions belonging to it, came into the King's hands. It was 
 for some time afterwards occupied as a Farm of the Crown; 
 but the King by his Commission continued to the Four 
 Parish Priests or Prebendaries, and Four Secondaries or 
 Clerks, for their maintenance 40., and to the Schoolmas- 
 ters a yearly Stipend of 10..2..11. payable out of the Ex- 
 chequer. 
 
 This, however, being precarious, and the Church and 
 Chapels ill served, and the inheritance of the Manors, lands, 
 and possessions, with some of the Tythes also, being sold or
 
 WIMBORNE.] DORSET. 385 
 
 otherwise disposed of to particular persons, certain of tlie 
 principal Parishioners procured, by means of BLOUNT, Lord 
 MOUNT JOYE, Letters Patent from Queen ELIZABETH, in 
 the fifth year of her reign, 1563, by which her Majesty, 
 considering how pious an act it would be to restore Divine 
 Worship, and wishing that Children should be educated in 
 learning, good manners, and virtue, and considering also 
 the populousness and extent of this large Parish, that there 
 was but one Church, and that the former allowance out of 
 the Exchequer was extinguished, founded the present 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL, and appointed it to be free to all the 
 sons of her Subjects, under the name of " Queen ELIZA- 
 BETH'SFEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in WIMBORNE MINSTER:" 
 It was likewise ordained, that there should be Three 
 Priests, and Three Clerks, to perform Divine Service in the 
 Church, and to discharge the Cure of Souls in the Parish : 
 And, for the better government and regulation of this 
 Foundation, the Queen appointed TWELVE GOVERNORS, to 
 be chosen from time to time out of the most discreet and 
 substantial Inhabitants of the Parish, and incorporated them 
 by the name and style of " THE GOVERNORS of the POSSES- 
 SIONS," &c., of the said School, granting them a Common 
 Seal, and the power to sue and be sued as a Body Corpo- 
 rate : 
 
 By this Patent, the Queen also granted to the Governors 
 sundry lands and tyihes, which belonged to The College or 
 Prebends, and were then in her hands by Act of Parliament, 
 or otherwise, She likewise granted to them the School- 
 house, with four Priests' Houses in Wimborne, The whole 
 of the Possessions being then of the clear yearly value of 
 JE89..18..0. 
 
 Out of these Revenues the Governors, and their Succes- 
 sors, were by this Charter to find a proper Schoolmaster, to 
 teach Grammar to all who should come for instruction,^^, 
 according to the usage of the Schools of ETON and WIN- 
 VOL. i. C c
 
 386 DORSET. [WIMBORNE. 
 
 CHESTER, And to find Three Priests, and Three Clerks, 
 to perform Divine Service in; the Church, and to discharge 
 the Cure of Souls in the Parish, with power to remove 
 them, and to choose others in their place; and to make 
 Statutes and Ordinancess, with the advice of The Bishop of 
 BRISTOL, for the better government and regulation of the 
 Church and School. 
 
 The School-house being ancient and decayed, and not 
 sufficient for the Scholars, the Governors new built it, made 
 the School more spacious, and the House larger and more 
 commodious not only for the Master and his ordinary Fa- 
 mily, but also for the accommodation of the Scholars who 
 resided with him. 
 
 This work was completed under the care and direction of 
 THOMAS HANHAM, Esq., Serjeant at Law, as appears from 
 his Arms, and the remains of a Latin Inscription on painted 
 glass, in one of the Chamber windows at the North end of 
 the School-house. 
 
 About the beginning of the reign of King CHARLES the 
 First several disputes arising between the Governors and the 
 Parishioners, relating to the payment of the Tythes, the 
 Governors, with the consent of the major part of the Pa- 
 rishioners, surrendered the Charter into the King's hands, 
 who, by Letters Patent in the 14th year of his reign, 1639, 
 in consideration of 1000. paid into the Exchequer, re- 
 granted all the Tythes, Lands, and Possessions belonging 
 to the Church and School, to TWELVE GOVERNORS therein 
 named, and incorporated them by the style of " Primos et 
 modernos gubernatores possessionum, revencionum, et bo- 
 norum dicte libere Schole grammaticalis regine ELISABETHS 
 in Wymborne Minster, in comitatu Dorset :" 
 
 The Governors to find a fit and learned Master, and 
 Usher, to teach Grammar, as in the former Charter, to all 
 who shall come for instruction, freely, according to the 
 usage of the Schools of ETON and WINCHESTER.
 
 WIMBORNE.] DORSET. 367 
 
 In the year 1658, The Corporation considering that many 
 of the leases before granted, depended only upon one life, 
 and many of them were likely to drop ; and though the 
 Stipends of the Three Ministers, Schoolmaster, Sic., much 
 exceeded what they were when the Patent was granted by 
 King CHARLES the First, yet the better to enable the Minis- 
 ters and other Officers of the Church and School, to dis- 
 charge their several duties, it was agreed, that such of the 
 rents as should come into their hands by the expiration of 
 any of the leases or otherwise, and all other rents which they 
 should receive (their necessary allowances, and all expenses 
 being deducted), should remain for the increase of the Sti- 
 pends of the Three Ministers until they amounted to 300. 
 per annum., to be apportioned as the Corporation in their 
 discretion should think proper : 
 
 It was also agreed, that the rest of the rents and all the 
 revenues, with their increase, by advancing any of the rates, 
 or by Tythes in kind or otherwise (expenses, and allowances, 
 being first deducted) should remain to increase the Stipend 
 of the School-master to 40., and that of the Usher to 20., 
 and for the maintenance of the Three Clerks, and for such 
 other purposes as are mentioned in the Charter, or are not 
 repugnant to it. 
 
 In the year 1661, soon after the Restoration, Mr. URBAN 
 FIDKIN was chosen Master of The Free Grammar School, 
 with the annual Stipend of 30. 
 
 Since that time, the Church arid School have been regu- 
 larly supplied, and the Salaries of the Ministers, School- 
 masters, Ushers, Organist, and Choristers, are said to hav 
 been considerably advanced. 
 
 The following are the names of the present Governors ; 
 HENRY BANKES, Esq., M. P. 
 WILLIAM BANKES, Esq., M. P. 
 GEORGE BANKES, Esq., M. P. 
 Mr. MATTHEW RAINDLE.
 
 388 DORSET. [WIMBORNE. 
 
 Mr. WILLIAM CASTLEMAN. 
 Mr. WILLIAM FRYER. 
 Mr. ANTHONY SARGEANT. 
 Mr. WILLIAM BUTT. 
 Mr. SAMUEL BARTLETT. 
 Mr. JOHN CARLTON. 
 Mr. WILLIAM HART. 
 Mr. THOMAS DEAN. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advantages, 
 belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JAMES MAYO, 
 B. A., whose Salary is 38. per annum, and the School- 
 house. This Gentleman takes Pupils at 30 guineas a year 
 each. 
 
 The Salary of the Under Master is 25. per annum. 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS : 
 In 1510. Syr RICHARD HODGEKYNNES. 
 1553. THOMAS MYLES. 
 
 1579. JOHN WALTER, who was to provide an Usher 
 at his own expense, though allowed only 30. 
 per annum. 
 1579. Mr. HYLL. 
 1579. ROBERT WELLSTEED. 
 1597- JOHN GEARE. 
 1601. WILLIAM STONE. 
 1647- WILLIAM KIDGELL. 
 1661. URBAN FIDKIN. 
 1670. JOHN MOYLE. 
 1688. RICHARD LLOYD. 
 1730. FILE Cox. 
 1748. EDWARD BUTT, M. A. 
 1769. ROBERT GUTCH, B. A. 
 1787. JAMES MAYO, B, A.
 
 DARLINGTON.] 
 
 DURHAM. 
 
 389 
 
 DARLINGTON. 
 
 From the time of the Dissolution of ROBERT MARSHALL'S 
 Chantry in the Church of Darlington, the Revenues belong- 
 ing to it remained in the Crown, until the reign of Queen 
 ELIZABETH ; when the Inhabitants of Darlington, sensible 
 of the great utility of a liberal education to their posterity, 
 applied to HENRY Earl of WESTMORLAND, then in great 
 power, and to JAMES PILKINGTON, Bishop of Durham, to 
 use their interest at Court, for obtaining the Foundation of 
 a GRAMMAR SCHOOL ; which the Queen granted by her 
 Charter, dated the 15th of June, 1567, endowing the same 
 with lands and tenements then of the annual value of 
 5. A.. 10., formerly the possessions of MARSHALL'S Chantry. 
 
 The endowment consists at present of several Houses in 
 The Tubwell-Row., in Darlington, and in Skinnergate; 
 74 a ..l r ..lP of land at Heighington, in the County Palatine 
 of Durham, and about 24 acres at Thornabv, in the County 
 of York : the,, rental of the whole being row nearly jl70. 
 per annum.
 
 390 DURHAM. [DARLINGTON. 
 
 There are also four Stints or Beast-gates in Srunkin 
 Moor belonging to this School ; but not having been looked 
 after, for many years past, they are in danger of being 
 lost. 
 
 The Charter which is in good preservation, is written in 
 a beautiful character, with the Great Seal appendant : and 
 is in the custody of GEORGE ALLAN, Esq., M. P. for the 
 City of Durham. 
 
 THE FOUR CHURCH-WARDENS, for the time being, are 
 appointed GUARDIANS and GOVERNORS, with a Common 
 Seal : and are empowered, with the assent of the Bishop of 
 DURHAM, for the time being, and the Earl of WESTMOR- 
 LAND, to make Statutes for the School. Whether any 
 Statutes were anciently ordained under those powers, is not 
 known. But, in 1748, a Table of Rules was settled and 
 agreed upon, and thereto the Seal was affixed in due form. 
 They were laid before Bishop CHANDLER, who ratified the 
 same by his Letters of Confirmation under the Episcopal 
 Seal: The title of Earl of WESTMORLAND in the NEVILL 
 family being then extinct. These STATUTES are as 
 follow ; 
 
 STATUTES, ORDINANCES, and DECREES, made by the Governors 
 of THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of QUEEN ELIZABETH at 
 DARLINGTON, the 3rd of February, 1748. 
 
 WHEREAS Her late Majesty Queen ELIZABETH, by her Letters 
 Patents under her Great Seal, bearing Date the 15th Day of 
 June, in the Fifth Year of her Reign, Did found and endow a 
 FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in the Village of DARLINGTON, in the 
 County Palatine of Durham, for the Education and Instruction 
 of Boys and Youth of the said Village, and did Ordain that the 
 then Four Guardians of the Church of Darlington aforesaid, and 
 their Successors for the time being, should be GOVERNORS of 
 the said Free School and of all the Possessions, Revenues, and 
 Goods to the said Free School then belonging or appertaining ; 
 And the said Governors or Guardians of the Church of Darling- 
 ton aforesaid and their Successors, by the Name of GOVERNORS 
 of THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of Queen ELIZABETH in the Vil- 
 lage of Darlington, in the County Palatine of Durham, and of the 
 Possessions, Revenues, and Goods of the same Free" School, are
 
 DARLINGTON.] . DURHAM. 391 
 
 thereby Incorporated and made One Body Corporate and Politic, 
 by the same Name to continue for Ever, and to have a Common 
 Seal to negociate the Premisses and Things, in the said Letters 
 Patents expressed and specified, and every part thereof, from 
 time to time as the Case shall require : And have full Power 
 from time to time to elect, nominate and appoint One Upper 
 Master and One Under Master of the said Free School, as often 
 as they or their Successors, or the major part of them shall see 
 fit. And also the said Governors and their Successors, together 
 with the Assent of the Earl of WESTMORLAND and the Bishop of 
 DURHAM for the time being, from time to time may make, or 
 cause to be made, good, fit, and wholesome Statutes, Decrees 
 and Ordinances in Writing concerning and touching the order- 
 ing, governing and directing of the said Upper Master, and 
 Under Master, and Scholars of the said Free School, and every 
 of them, and of the Stipends and Sallarys of the said Masters, 
 and all things whatsoever of the said Free School, and the 
 ordering, preserving and disposing of the Rents, Revenues, and 
 Goods of the said Free School, referrence to the said Letters 
 Patents being had more at large may appear. 
 
 And Whereas, since the granting of the said Letters Patents, 
 no Statutes, Ordinances, or Decrees in Writing, have at any time 
 been made by the Governors of the said Free School, for the 
 ordering or governing of the said School, or of the Rents, Re- 
 venues, Goods or Possessions of the said Free School, whereby 
 the good Intent of the founding and instituting of the said Free 
 School hath, in many Instances and on many Occasions, been 
 greatly obstructed and neglected, and frequent Contentions and 
 unhappy Divisions have arisen between the Governors of the 
 said Free School and Inhabitants of the said Village of Darling- 
 ton, about the placing and displacing of proper Masters in the 
 said School, to the very great Discouragement of the Education, 
 Learning, and good Morals of the Boys and Youth at the said 
 School. 
 
 Therefore, We, EDMOND LOWSON, ROBERT TURNER, and 
 ROBERT ROBINSON, (being the major part of the Four Govern- 
 ors of the said Free Grammar School of Queen ELIZABETH in 
 the Village of Darlington aforesaid, for the time being,) Have 
 for Us and our Successors, by vertue and in pursuance of the 
 said Letters Patents, made, constitvited, decreed and ordained, 
 and by these Presents in Writing, Do for Us and our Successors, 
 by and with the Assent and Consent of the Right Reverend 
 Father in God EDWARD now Lord Bishop of DURHAM, testi- 
 fied under his Episcopal Seal hereunto affixed (the Title of Earl 
 of Westmorland named in the said Letters Patents being at this 
 time extinct) make, constitute, decree and ordain, the several
 
 392 DURHAM. [DARLINGTON. 
 
 Statutes, Constitutions, Decrees, and Ordinances, hereinafter 
 mentioned of and concerning the ordering, governing and direc- 
 tion of the Upper Master and Under Master, and Scholars of the 
 said Free School, and every of them, and of the said Masters 
 Stipends and Sallarys, and of all other Things whatsoever relat- 
 ing to the said Free School, and the ordering, preserving, and dis- 
 posing of the Rents, Revenues and Goods of the same Free 
 School appointed or belonging, to be faithfully and inviolably 
 kept and observed by Us and our Successors, and all and every 
 other Person and Persons having any concern in the Premisses, 
 from time to time for ever, according to the true intent and 
 meaning of the said Letters Patents. 
 
 Concerning the Electing, Appointing, Continuing and Removing 
 of an Upper Master or Under Master of the said Free School. 
 
 1 . We Decree, Ordain, Constitute and Declare, That no Man 
 shall hereafter be elected or appointed UPPER MASTER of the 
 said Free School, except he be of the full age of Twenty-four 
 Years at the least, and a Person of sound Learning, sober and 
 exemplary Life and Conversation, good Morals, and duly qua- 
 lified to teach and instruct Youth, in the Elements of Grammar 
 and the Latin Tongue, and also for right understanding of God's 
 true Religion, and also except (before he enter into or execute 
 the said Office of Upper Master) he shall be duly licensed and 
 allowed by the Bishop of DURHAM for the time being, or his 
 Ordinary, and make and subscribe the Declaration, and take the 
 Oaths by Law required in this behalf. 
 
 2. And for encouraging of Students in either of the Two 
 Universities of this Land, OXFORD and CAMBRIDGE, as far as 
 in our power is, as well as for the promoting and propagating of 
 sound Learning, in this our Free School, in the Village of Dar- 
 lington aforesaid, We do Decree and Ordain, that a due Prefer- 
 rence and Regardjshall be given to any Graduate Student in either 
 of the aforesaid Universities, who shall hereafter offer himself a 
 Candidate for the place of Upper Master, whensoever it shall 
 be declared legally vacant : Provided always, that such Graduate 
 Student, shall produce proper and satisfactory Testimonials of 
 his Morals and Abilities, from the College or Society to which 
 he does or did belong. 
 
 3. And for the further encouragement and inducing of such 
 Graduate, or other Persons of known abilities, and sound Learn- 
 ing in the Latin Tongue, to accept of and undertake the Duty 
 and Office of Upper Master of the said Free Grammar School, 
 We do decree, ordain, constitute and declare, that no Upper 
 Master elected or appointed, or to be elected or appointed, and 
 duly licensed and approved of in manner aforesaid, and who
 
 DARLINGTON.] DURHAM. 393 
 
 shall be in the actual possession and exercise of the said Office 
 of Upper Master of the said Free School, shall, at any time or 
 times hereafter, be displaced, removed or removeable, by Us 
 or our Successors from the said Office of Upper Master of 
 the said Free School, unless some good and sufficient cause of 
 Complaint, or Misbehaviour, shall be exhibited in Writing 
 against such Upper Master, and signed by Us or our Successors 5 
 and the same cause of Complaint be first allowed of and declared 
 by Us or our Successors for the time being, to be a sufficient 
 cause to displace or remove such Upper Master, and not other- 
 wise. 
 
 4. Also, We Ordain and Decree, that the like Qualifications, 
 Licence and Rules shall be required and observed in all respects 
 as to the electing, appointing, continuing and removing, or dis- 
 placing of any UNDER MASTER of the said Free School, other 
 than and except, that such Under Master may be elected and 
 appointed, being of the full Age of Twenty-Two Years. 
 
 5. And also for the better preserving a regular and uniform 
 Discipline or Method of Teaching in the said Free School of 
 Darlington, We do Decree, Constitute and Ordain, that the 
 Under Master shall teach and instruct the Scholars or Boys com- 
 mitted to his Care, in such manner, form and method, as the 
 Upper Master for the time being shall direct and prescribe ; Ex- 
 cept in those Rules and Ordinances following, which We do 
 require shall be duly observed by both. 
 
 6. That the Upper and Under Master shall attend and in- 
 struct in the said School for the space of -Sir Hours each Day in 
 the Winter Season, and for the space of Seven Hours each Day 
 in the Summer Season, (that is to say) from the Festival of Saint 
 Michael, to the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary, each of the 
 said Masters shall attend from Seven d 1 Clock in the Morning to 
 Eight, from Nine to Eleven, and in the Afternoon from One to 
 Four. 
 
 7. And We also Require, Ordain and Decree, that the Upper 
 and Under-Master from the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin, 
 to the Feast of St. Michael, shall attend, teach and instruct in the 
 said School for the space of Seven Hours each Day, that is, from 
 Seven o'Clockin the Morning to Eight, from Nine to Eleven, and 
 in the Afternoon from One o'Clock to Five, and that the Upper 
 Master shall sufficiently employ the Boys, or cause them to be 
 employed during the time of his Attendance. 
 
 8. That the Upper Master and Under Master shall be excused 
 from attending the said School (notwithstanding what has been 
 above decreed and ordained) on Thursday and Saturday After- 
 noons, and other Holidays according to the Custom of the 
 School.
 
 394 DURHAM. [DARLINGTON. 
 
 9. That there shall be Three Vacancies or Breakings-up in the 
 whole Year, One before and after the Festival of our Saviour's 
 Nativity, for the space or Term of Twenty-One Days; One other 
 at Easter for the space of Fourteen Days; and a third at IVhitsun- 
 tide for the space or Term of Twenty-Eight Days, according to 
 the Custom and Rules of other Schools. 
 
 And whereas We are thoroughly persuaded, that the Religious 
 Education of Youth is a matter of the greatest moment to their 
 own Spiritual and Temporal Welfare, as well as to the good of 
 Society ; We Decree and Ordain, That the Upper Master shall 
 read or cause to be read a suitable Prayer in Latin or English 
 every Morning at his first entering into the School on the ceasing 
 of a Bell, for the better preserving in Youth a Sense of their 
 Duty to their Creator. 
 
 1 1 . That the Upper Master shall instruct or cause to be in-, 
 structed such of the Boys as he shall judge needfull thereof, in 
 the Catechism appointed by the Church of England, and in 
 other Pious Books, as shall seem fitt, in the room of a Lesson 
 on every Saturday Forenoon. 
 
 12. In Order the better to prevent any Abuse of this Trust 
 committed to the Upper and Under Master, by negligence or a 
 careless discharge of their Duty, to the great Injury of Youth ; 
 We do Decree and Ordain, that the Boys shall be publicly ex- 
 amined in the Books they have read Once every Year on Easter 
 Tuesday, by the Upper Master, to the end that their Parents may 
 be certified of their Children's Improvement and Proficiency, to 
 the Credit or Disgrace of their Teachers. 
 
 13. And for the Encouragement of Youth, and raising a 
 laudable Emulation among them ; We do Decree and Ordain, by 
 and with the Consent of The Reverend Mr. THOMAS COOKE, the 
 present Upper Master of our said Free Grammar School of Dar- 
 lington, and do for the time to come make a conditional Obliga- 
 tion in the Election of every succeeding Upper Master, that 
 Twenty Shillings each Year shall be deducted out of the Upper 
 Master's Sallary, which shall be given and disposed of in little 
 Honorary Premiums or Books to such Boy in every Class, as shall 
 appear on the Day of Examination to have best deserved it by 
 his Industry and Application, according to the Judgment of the 
 Upper Master after their Examination. 
 
 14. That these our Rules, Decrees, Statutes and Ordinances, 
 may be made the more effectual ; We do Decree, Ordain, Re- 
 quire and Enjoin, that each Boy admitted into the said Grammar 
 School, shall readily and willingly conform to the Rules, Sta- 
 tutes, and Discipline of the said School : For the better prevent- 
 ing Corporal Severity, every Offence or Breach of School Discipline, 
 as shall be prescribed agreeable to what is herein contained, shall
 
 DARLINGTON.] DURHAM. 395 
 
 be punished with small Pecuniary Fines, which is to be applied 
 and expended for the Use of the School ; upon Refusal, each 
 Boy so offending and refusing, shall be left entirely to the said 
 Upper Master's Discretion. 
 
 15. Also We Ordain, Decree and Declare, That all Rents, 
 Profits and Revenues, of and belonging to the said Free School, 
 shall from time to time be paid to, and received by the said 
 Governors or the major part of them and their Successors for 
 the time being, and fair Accounts thereof shall be kept and 
 entered in a Book or Books to be provided for that purpose ; 
 and all Leases, Contracts or Agreements with any Tenant or 
 Tenants for any Lands or Tenements of or belonging the said 
 Free School, shall be made and signed by the said Governors or 
 the major part of them for the time being, and the Common-Seal 
 of the said School to be affixed thereto ; and such Leases to be 
 made for the best and most improved Rents, (to be reserved and 
 payable Quarterly) that can be had or gotten for the same, with- 
 out taking any Fine or other Thing for granting such Lease ; 
 and all Tenants to sign and execute Counterparts of such Leases, 
 Contracts or Agreements. 
 
 16. Also We Ordain, Decree and Appoint, That the said Let- 
 ters Patents shall be fairly transcribed and entered in the said 
 Book or Books of Account with an English Translation thereof : 
 And also these our Decrees, Statutes and Ordinances, for the 
 better Information of the said Governors and their Successors ; 
 and that all Acts and Proceedings of the said Governors, and 
 their Successors, shall from time to time be in like manner en- 
 tered in such Book or Books, and the same shall be publicly 
 read over in the said Free School on every Easter Tuesday. 
 
 17. And further We Ordain, Decree, and Declare, That the 
 Yearly Sum of Eighteen Pounds shall from time to time be paid 
 by Us and our Successors, Governors of the said Free School, to 
 the UNDER MASTER of the said Free School for the time being, 
 as and for his Yearly Sallary or Stipend of Under Master thereof ; 
 and that such Under Master shall also have, receive and take to 
 his own Use, all such Voluntary Premiums or Gratuities as shall 
 be given him by the Parents of any Children of the said Village 
 of Darlington under his Care; And that the Yearly neat Surplus 
 of all Rents, Issues and Proffits arising from the Lands, Tene- 
 ments, and Revenues of and belonging the said Free School 
 (after first deducting thereout the said Eighteen Pounds, and all 
 Taxes, Charge of Repairs, and all other Incidental Charges, Pay- 
 ments and Expences attending the Execution of the Trust of the 
 said Governors of the said Free School for the time being,) shall 
 from time to time be Yearly paid and disposed of by Us and our 
 Successors for the time being, to such UPPER MASTER of the said
 
 396 DURHAM. [DARLINGTON. 
 
 Free School, as and for his Yearly Sallary or Stipend of Upper 
 Master thereof. 
 
 In Testimony whereof We, the said Governors, have to these 
 our Decrees, Statutes and Ordinances in Writing, of and con- 
 cerning the said Free Grammar School, caused our Common and 
 Body Corporate Seal of the said Free School to be affixed, and 
 have subscribed our Names hereto this Twenty-third Day of 
 February in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred 
 and Forty-eight. Signed, &c. 
 
 Confirmation of the preceeding STATUTES, &c., by EDWARD 
 CHANDLER, Lord Bishop of DURHAM, on the 1st of June, 1749. 
 
 EDWARD, by the Grace of God, Lord Bishop of DURHAM, 
 Wisheth, to .all to whom these Presents shall come, Health. Know 
 Ye, That We having diligently and with great Contentment, 
 read and considered of all those Statutes, Decrees, Ordinances 
 and Constitutions, as they are contained and expressed, annexed to 
 these Presents, and finding the same such as We are persuaded 
 will be very profitable to the Youth and Inhabitants of the Vil- 
 lage of Darlington, in the County Palatine of Durham j Have 
 therefore for Us and our Successors, of our special Favour, cer- 
 tain Knowledge, and mere motion, Given, and by these Presents 
 for Us and our Successors, Do Give our Assent and Consent, 
 approveing of all things mentioned and contained in the said 
 Decrees, Statutes, Ordinances and Constitutions, as they are 
 annexed to these Presents, and as far as in Us lies, and by Law 
 We may or can, Ratify and Confirm the same. In Witness 
 whereof We have to these Presents put our Episcopal Seal the 
 First Day of June, in the Twenty Second Year of the Reign of 
 our Sovereign Lord King GEORGE the Second, and in the Year 
 of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty Nine, and 
 of our Consecration the Thirty First, and of our Translation the 
 Nineteenth. E. DURESME. 
 
 Darlington Vestry Order, entered in old CHURCH BOOK (1630 to 
 1692) Page 193, not to let Church and Free School Lands, 
 without public Notice being first given for that purpose 25 
 January, 1659. 
 
 Forasmuch, as several of the Lands and Tenements belonging 
 to the Church and Free School of Darlington, in the County of 
 Durham, have been heretofore demised and to farm letten unto 
 Tenants for term of Years, at small Rents and under Valued, to 
 the Damage of the School and Church concerned therein ; for 
 the future improvement of the said Lands, Tenements, and 
 Church and School's interest ; it is this day unanimously con- 
 descended unto and concluded upon, by and amongst the present
 
 DARLINGTON.] DURHAM. 397 
 
 Churchwardens of the aforesaid Parish of Darlington, and the 
 Four and Twenty, according to the Custom for letting thereof 
 intrusted ; that no Person or Persons shall at any time after the 
 Expiration of any term of Years yet in being in the aforesaid 
 Lands and Houses, let, demise or dispose of any part of the 
 aforesaid Lands or Tenements tp any Person or Persons whatso- 
 ever, without the full and free consent of the Churchwardens of 
 the said Town, and Four and Twenty aforesaid, or the greater part 
 of them, to be agreed upon at a public Meeting in the Church or 
 elsewhere, upon public Notice ; and if any Person or Persons 
 shall at anytime hereafter do any Act contrary to the true intent 
 hereof, that then all and every such Acts or Demises of any of 
 the Church or School Lands shall be vacate, invalid, and of no 
 force ; and that it shall remain in the greater part of the Church- 
 wardens and Four and Twenty as above said, to grant such 
 Demise only. In Testimony whereof, they have hereunto sub- 
 scribed their Hands, the Twenty Fifth day of January in the 
 Year of our Lord One Thousand Six Hundred and Fifty Nine. 
 
 Darlington Vestry Order, entered in CHURCH PEW Book page %5, 
 not to let Church, Free School or Poor Lands without public 
 Notice being first given for that purpose 3 July 1714. 
 
 Whereas formerly, several Persons have, during the tune of their 
 being Churchwardens, agreed with the Tenants and Farmers of 
 the Lands and Houses belonging to the Church, Free School 
 and Poor of the Town of Darlington, for the Renewal of their 
 Leases, long before the Leases then in being were expired, and 
 have granted them new Leases, without taking any Fine or 
 reserving any greater Rent, to the advantage of the Church and 
 improvement of the said School. Now for preventing the like 
 abuses for the future, and for the better management of the 
 Trusts reposed in the Churchwardens that shall be chosen from 
 time to tune ; it is hereby concluded and agreed upon, by us 
 whose Names are hereunto subscribed, that no Lease or Leases 
 shall from henceforth be at any time let or granted of any of the 
 Lands or Houses belonging to the Church or the Free School, 
 until the same shall be within two Years of expiring, according 
 to the date of such Lease or Leases : And that before such Lease 
 or Leases be granted, three days public Notice shall be given in 
 the Church of the intention of the Churchwardens to meet in the 
 Vestry to contract with the Tenants for the same, and the terms 
 of letting the said Leases shall be such, as the Four and Twenty, 
 or the major part of them then present, shall agree upon, and 
 not otherwise : And whereas the present agreement cannot have 
 it's intended effect or be of any force, unless the Churchwardens 
 be from time to time chosen out of the Four and Twenty, and the
 
 398 DURHAM. [DARLINGTON. 
 
 Persons subscribing hereto. It is hereby further agreed, that the 
 Churchwardens for the ensuing Year shall be chosen out of the 
 Four and Twenty now in being, and so from Year to Year out of 
 the Four and Twenty, that shall be in being from time to time, 
 whose Election and alteration shall always be on Easter Tuesday 
 in every Year, and in case any of the Four and Twenty shaU 
 refuse to act as Churchwarden in his course or turn, that on such 
 refusal he shall be obliged to quit, and another be elected in his 
 stead by the majority of the Four and Twenty then present, and 
 consent of the Minister for the time being ; to this agreement 
 we have subscribed our Names on the other side of the Leaf the 
 third Day of July 1714. 
 
 The Opinion of John Middleton, Esquire, (Councellor at Law), 
 
 on the Charter for the Free Grammar School at Darlington. 
 
 (19 March 1688.) 
 
 1. I am of Opinion, that by Queen Elizabeth's Charter now 
 produced, the Churchwardens of Darlington are made a Corpor- 
 ation, capable of purchasing Lands, Tenements, Goods and 
 Chatties, for the maintenance of a free Grammar School in 
 Darlington. 
 
 2. And tho' the Town of Darlington be only mentioned, yet 
 the intention of the instituting such School is plain, that it is for 
 the service of the Parish, two of the Governors living always 
 out of the Township, and the Twenty-four who chuse those 
 Governors, living many of them likewise out of the Township j 
 yet such School is designed for the further Instruction of those 
 that can read, and not to teach Children to read. 
 
 3. The Churchwardens of the said Parish have an absolute 
 power, without the concurrence of any other, of placing, and 
 displacing of the School Master and Usher as they please, but 
 they must take care to place such Persons there, as resort to 
 Church, or otherwise be licensed by the Bishop. 
 
 4. The Churchwardens, or Governors for the tune being, may 
 make such Orders, Statutes and Ordinances, for the better 
 ordering of the said School, ascertaining the Sallaries, &c., as to 
 them shall seem meet, but such Orders, or Ordinances, must be 
 confirmed by the Earl of WESTMORELAND and Bishop of DURHAM 
 for the time being. 
 
 5. But neither the Earl of WESTMORELAND nor Bishop of 
 DURHAM, nor both of them together, can place, or displace any 
 School Master or Usher there, nor do any other thing touching- 
 the same, without the assent of the said GOVERNORS. 
 
 6. All Rents, Issues, and Profits of the Lands given for the 
 improvement of the said Free School, as well as all Fines paid 
 upon the renewal of any Lease., ought to be paid first to the said
 
 DARLINGTON.] DURHAM. 399 
 
 Governors, and by them disposed of to the said School Master 
 and Usher, at their discretions, and if any more Monies be raised 
 thereon than will pay or satisfy such Master and Usher, they may 
 purchase Lands or Tenements therewith for the further use of 
 the said School, and out of the same profits, the said Governors 
 may deduct their necessary expences. 
 
 7. No Leases can be made of the Lands belonging to the said 
 School but by the said Churchwardens or Governors, under the 
 proper Seal appointed for that purpose, and all Leases made 
 otherwise are void. As to the present Tenants, I can say 
 nothing, till I see the Leases. 
 
 8. If any Leases be well made to them, 'till such Leases be 
 expired, no Rent can be advanced, but after such expiration, the 
 same may be raised. 
 
 9. But if any of their Leases be void, neither Law nor Equity 
 will compel the Governors to make such Leases good, unless a 
 valuable consideration or Fine hath been paid for the same to 
 some of the Governors, and not to any other Person. 
 
 10. The proper way will be for the Churchwardens to seal a 
 Writing under their proper Seal for that purpose, giving power 
 to some Person to enter into all the Lands belonging to the said 
 School, and discharge the Tenants from paying any further 
 Rent to tlie School Master, and if the Tenants refuse to pay 
 their Rents to the Governors, to turn them out of possession by 
 bringing Ejectments. 
 
 1 1 . If any Writing belonging to the School be in the Hands 
 of any Person who will not deliver the same, the properest 
 remedy is by Bill in Chancery. 
 
 12. The present Governors or Churchwardens may in Chancery 
 call any former Governors or other Persons to account, who hath 
 misemployed any profits belonging to the said School. 
 
 Durham, T T.,.,,, , 
 
 19th March, 1688. Jo. Middleton. 
 
 The Opinion of John Cuthbert, Esquire, (Serjeant at Law), on 
 the same Charter. 14 December, 1714. 
 
 I have perused the Charter of Queen ELIZABETH for erecting a 
 Free Grammar School at Darlington, whereby the Church- 
 wardens for the time being are Incorporated and made Governors 
 thereof ; and I am of Opinion, that the Governors for the time 
 teing, or any three of them, have full power by the Charter, to 
 elect, place and displace the Master or Usher, when, and as 
 often, as they think fit j and when they think fit to displace a 
 Master, I think they should enter an Order for that purpose, 
 signed by three of the Governors at the least, and serve a Copy 
 thereof upon the Master to be displaced, and from that time,
 
 400 DURHAM. [DARLINGTON- 
 
 they may withdraw his Sallary, and if he refuseth to deliver up 
 the Key of the School upon demand, they may pull off the Lock 
 and set on another, and in the chusing a new Master, they must 
 take care to chuse one, who will qualify himself as the Law 
 directs. 
 
 Newcastle, 
 14th December, 1714. 
 
 The Classics are taught, free of expense, to all the boys 
 of the Town and Parish, without limitation to any particular 
 persons whatever. The number is generally about Sixty. 
 They are admitted as soon as they are able to read ; and 
 have no specified time of superannuation. 
 
 WARD'S Accidence, and the ETON Greek Grammar, are 
 used. And the system' of Education is the same, as is pur- 
 sued in the great Seminaries. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advantages, 
 belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM CLE- 
 MENTSON, whose Salary, after deducting 50. for the Usher, 
 and other incidental expenses, amounts to nearly 200. 
 per annum. This Gentleman admits FOUR Private Pupils 
 into his own house ; his terms, for boys under Twelve years 
 of age, being Thirty guineas a year ; and for those, above 
 that age, Forty guineas, which include Board, Education, 
 Washing, &c. 
 
 The Second Master has seldom been in the habit of taking 
 Private Pupils ; but in such case, his terms would be nearly 
 the same as those of the Head Master. 
 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS, from 
 the earliest records now extant : 
 In 1739. Revd. Mr. MARSHALL, discharged in 1739. 
 
 1739. Revd. WILLIAM ADDISON, resigned. 
 
 1747. CUTHBBRT ALLEN, A. B., of Hartforth, in York- 
 
 shire, discharged in 1748. 
 
 1748. Revd. THOMAS COOKE, A. B., discharged in 1750. 
 1750. Revd. ROBERT MEETKIRKE, M. A., oflcklefield 
 
 in the County of Hertford.
 
 DARLINGTON.] DURHAM. 401 
 
 1755. Revd. THOMAS MORELAND, who resigning in 1806, 
 after having presided Fifty one years, was suc- 
 ceeded by the late Usher, 
 
 1806. The Revd. WILLIAM CLEMENTSON, the present 
 Head Master. 
 
 There is a public EXAMINATION annually on Easter 
 Tuesday. 
 
 The School-house stands pleasantly near the river Skerne ; 
 in which is a whole length Portrait of the Royal Foundress, 
 with the Charter in her right hand, placed there by the late 
 GEORGE ALLAN, Esq., the eminent Antiquary, in grateful 
 remembrance of his having received the first rudiments of his 
 Education in this School. 
 
 Two remarkable Scholars, educated by Mr. CLEMENTSON, 
 must not be omitted, Mr. GEORGE PEACOCK, M. A., of 
 Trinity College, now Tutor and Mathematical Professor in 
 The University of Cambridge, and Mr. WILLIAM BKAN- 
 TINGHAM, of Darlington. 
 
 VOL. i. D (1
 
 402 DURHAM. [DURHAM. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at DURHAM is coeval with the 
 Foundation of The Cathedral Church, by King HENRY the 
 Eighth, on the 12th of May, 1541. 
 
 By the 28th Chapter of the STATUTES it is ordained, That 
 there shall be constantly maintained EIGHTEEN poor boys of apt 
 parts, whose friends are not able to give them education, but not 
 to be admitted until they have learned to read and write, and, 
 in the Dean's judgement, are sufficiently grounded in the first 
 rudiments of Grammar ; after admission to be maintained by 
 The Church, until they competently understand Grammar, and 
 can read and write Latin, for which they shall be allowed Four 
 years, or, with the Dean's assent, Five at the most : None shall 
 be admitted above Fifteen years of age. 
 
 The Choristers shall not be limited to that age, but may be 
 admitted Scholars if they are fit ; in case they have proved 
 themselves particularly serviceable to the Choir, and skilful in 
 Music, they are to be preferred before any others. 
 
 If any one is found dull, and without a taste for Literature, 
 the Dean shall remove him, and appoint another in his room, 
 " ne veluti focus apum mella devoret" 
 
 The Upper Master is to be learned in the Greek and Latin 
 languages, of good fame, sound faith and pious life : He shall 
 not only teach the EIGHTEEN boys, but also all others that shall 
 resort to his School. 
 
 The Under Master shall bear the like character. 
 
 They shall teach such Books and Rules, and follow such 
 order as The Dean and Chapter (with the Bishop's assent) shall 
 prescribe. If they prove negligent, or incapable of teaching, 
 after a third admonition, to be displaced. They are also to be 
 sworn faithfully to perform their duty. 
 
 By Chapters 31, 32, and 33, certain allowances are pre- 
 scribed to the Masters and Scholars, for Commons, Vestments, 
 and Stipends. 
 
 The Upper, and Under Master, are each paid 8. per 
 annum out of the Land Revenues of the Crown. 
 
 Repeated applications have been made for information 
 respecting this School, but no answers ha\e been received.
 
 HOUGHTON le SPRING.] DURHAM. 403 
 
 HOUGHTON le SPRING, near DURHAM. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL and ALMS-HOUSE of KEP- 
 YER, in Houghton le Spring, owe their origin to the emi- 
 nent Divine, BERNARD GILPIN, for his excellent character 
 and usefulness, called " THE APOSTLE of THE NORTH," 
 who, observing the scarcity of learned men who were able 
 to preach the word of God, conceived the thoughts of a 
 Seminary of good Literature, and erected a School here, 
 allowing a maintenance for a Master, and Usher. 
 
 This School was soon very numerously attended, and 
 many learned men were educated in it, so that " Master 
 GILPIN'S School was every where spoken of to his credit, 
 but himselfe much more.'" 1 
 
 Mr. GILPIN found a powerful friend in JOHN HEATH, of 
 Kepyer, Esquire, who supported the infant Foundation with 
 his interest, and contributed liberally towards it's Endow- 
 ment ; and either from compliment to him, or because the 
 greater part of the Endowment arose from lands belonging 
 to the Dissolved house of Kepyer, the School probably 
 received it's name. 
 
 The Foundation Charter bears date the 2d of April, 
 1574, and appoints JOHN HEATH, of Kepyer, Esq., and 
 BERNARD GILPIN, Rector of Houghton, the first Governors 
 of THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL and ALMS-HOUSE of 
 KEPYER, in Houghton in the Spring, in the County of Dur- 
 ham," with power as such to plead and be impleaded ; to 
 nominate, and, if requisite, to correct, suspend, or expel the 
 Master ; to make, revise, and from time to time to alter the 
 Statutes of the School ; and to acquire lands, not exceeed- 
 ing ,50. per annum, to the use of the School and Aims- 
 House.
 
 404 DURHAM. [HoucHTON le SPRING. 
 
 The appointment of the Governors (only TWO in number) 
 was reserved to HEATH and GILPIN during their lives ; and 
 was afterwards vested, where it still continues, in the heir 
 of blood of JOHN HEATH, Esq., and in The Rector of 
 Houghton for the time being ; and, in case of neglect, the 
 nomination, pro hoc vice, lapses to the Bishop. 
 
 The first Governors, probably, never exercised their power 
 of enacting STATUTES. Mr. GILPIN during his life direc- 
 ted the whole administration of the School in person ; and 
 having it continually in contemplation to increase the Foun- 
 dation according to his pecuniary circumstances, left it al 
 his death with no other regulations than such as were con- 
 tained in the original Charter ; and his Will, dated the 17th 
 of October, 1582, very evidently expresses considerable 
 doubt and anxiety for the fate of his infant and unsettled 
 Establishment. 
 
 It has been most unfortunately contrived, that the chief 
 part of the Revenues consist of various small portions of 
 " Gilly Tythes" that is, Tythes formerly belonging to The 
 Dissolved Hospital of St Giles of Kepyer, scattered in very 
 different places, and very precarious in their amount ; and 
 in Rent-charges out of several estates, which, from the gra- 
 dual diminution of the value of money, have become 
 exceedingly trifling. 
 
 The foundation, however, has always proved sufficient 
 to ensure the attendance of a Master of Character and 
 Ability ; and if few names of peculiar eminence can be 
 found amongst it's Scholars, yet for Two Centuries KEPYER 
 SCHOOL has continued to fulfil the wise and benevolent 
 purposes of The Founder, and to dispense, through the 
 neighbouring Districts, a sufficient portion of sound Learn- 
 ing and of good Morals. 
 
 The School and School-house stand upon rising ground 
 at the North-East side of the Church-yard. The School 
 is a plain building, with walls at least three feet thick : and
 
 HOUGHTON le SPRING.] DURHAM. 405 
 
 with a suitable Latin Inscription over the Porch, placed 
 there by the zeal of Dr. HUNTER. 
 
 A stone in the front of the School-house records some 
 considerable repairs and additions, made in 1779, at the 
 expense of JOHN TEMPEST, of Winyard, Esq., the Heir of 
 HEATH, and one of the Governors. 
 
 No boys at present receive gratuitous instruction ; And 
 the Master is presumed to be at liberty to fix his own 
 terms of admission and education, which have never been 
 more than sufficient to keep pace with the times. The 
 channel of Admission is through the Master only. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor any University advanta- 
 ges, belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM RAWES, 
 who accommodates, on the average, Thirty Pupils in his 
 own house at Fifty guineas per annum each, Tuition fees 
 included. 
 
 The most eminent Scholars educated at KEPYER SCHOOL 
 were those, who owed their Instruction to Mr. GILPIN 
 himself. The most distinguished of these were, 
 
 HENRY AYRAY, Provost of Queen's College, Oxford. 
 HUGH BROUGHTON, his learned but ungrateful, Scho- 
 lar ; and who joined with BARNES, " the worthless 
 Chancellor of Durham" in accusing his venerable 
 Patron of irregularities against the discipline of the 
 Church of England. 
 GEORGE CARLETON, the Biographer of his pious 
 
 Kinsman and Patron, Bishop of CHICHESTER. 
 RALPH IRONSIDE, Rector of Long Bredy, in the 
 
 County of Dorset. And latterly, 
 CHRISTOPHER HUNTER, M. D., an eminent Physician 
 
 and Antiquary of Durham. 
 
 WILLIAM ROMAIN, a Divine and Writer of great 
 Popularity.
 
 406 DURHAM. [SKDGEHEJLD. 
 
 SEDGEFIELD. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at SEDGEFIELD is endowed 
 with a Field of five acres on the Beacon Hill: and JE2..12..0 
 are paid out of a Field, called " Howie-Hope* 
 
 The election of the Master is in the Rector and Vestry. 
 
 Six poor Children are to be taught here, gratis. 
 
 The School-house is situate on the East side of the 
 Market Square, adjoining to COOPER'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 BRAINTREB.] ESSEX. 4O7 
 
 BRAINTREK 
 
 JAMES COKEE, late of Black Notley, but formerly a Draper 
 and Grocer in Braintree, where he was born, gave by his 
 Will, dated the 27th of October, 1/02, a Farm at Stoke by 
 Nay land, in the County of Suffolk, of about 10. per annum, 
 for the teaching and educating of TEN poor children of this 
 Town, to read and learn English and Latin in the Parish 
 School. 
 
 In 1649, RALPH DIGGIN, Esq., of Lisle, in the County 
 of Southampton, gave to The Master and Fellows of Clare 
 Hall, in Cambridge, three Estates, one, in Lisle, another, 
 at Mile-End, in Middlesex, and the third, at Braintree, 
 called " Huhbalds and Holland", the whole amounting to 
 about 140. a year, for the founding of Fellowships and 
 Scholarships, at the discretion of The College, who accord- 
 ingly founded Two FELLOWSHIPS and Six SCHOLARSHIPS. 
 
 JOHN RAY, the Naturalist, was educated here. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 40.8 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 [BRENTWOOD. 
 
 BRENTWOOD. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at BRENTWOOD, in the Parish 
 of South Weald, was founded by Sir ANTHONY BROWNE, 
 Knt., Serjeant at Law, of Weald Hall, by Letters Patent 
 of King PHILIP and Queen MARY, dated the 5th of July, 
 1557: 
 
 By which it is declared, That there shall be one Master, 
 being a Priest, to be nominated by The Founder, and Two 
 Wardens of the lands and possessions of the School, being 
 Inhabitants of South Weald, to be nominated and displaced 
 at the discretion of the Patron. The Master, and Wardens, 
 to be a Body Corporate, with perpetual Succession, and to 
 have a Common Seal. 
 
 The Founder endowed the School out of his own Estate, 
 with lands andjtythes at Dagenham and Chigwell Grange. 
 
 On the 18th of July, 1622, GEORGK ABBOT, Bishop of 
 London, and Dr. JOHN DONNE, Dean of St. Paul's, con- 
 firmed the STATUTES of this School, which had been drawn 
 up in the time of Queen ELIZABETH by EDMUND GRINDAL 
 then Bishop of London, and Dr. NOWELL, Dean of St. 
 Paul's. 
 
 All boys who can read and write printed and written
 
 BRENTWOOD.] ESSEX. 409 
 
 hand, and are of the age of eight and under eighteen, and 
 living within three miles of the School, shall be taught and 
 instructed freely, in virtue, learning, and manners. 
 
 If there shall be so many Scholars that it shall be thought 
 unfit to have any more, some shall be removed or refused. 
 
 Several causes of refusal and expulsion, under the consent 
 of the Guardians, or of the Patron, are stated and defined. 
 
 The Master is allowed to employ an Usher at his own 
 cost, and to change him at his pleasure. He must by him- 
 self, or some other person properly licensed, read Divine 
 Service every Wednseday and Friday in the Chapel of 
 Brentvvood.* 
 
 The Master is to receive the rents and profits of the 
 Estates so settled on the School, and out of them to make 
 all necessary repairs of the premises, and to pay to each of 
 Five Poor Alms-People, 3 men and 2 women, who are to 
 be appointed and placed by the Owner of Weald Hall in 
 Five Cottages in the Village of South Weald, 40s. a year, 
 and to provide for each of them a robe or garment of the 
 value of 105. 
 
 The residue of the rents he is to retain for his own use. 
 
 If the Patron fails for one month in a nomination to these 
 Almshouses on a vacancy, the appointment devolves on the 
 Master, and, if the Master fails for the same time, on the 
 Wardens of the School. 
 
 The boys are instructed in Latin, Greek, English, ma- 
 thematics, writing, and arithmetic. 
 
 There are now between 60 and 70 boys daily attending 
 the School, all of them upon the Foundation, and received 
 without any expense whatever to themselves or friends, no 
 one who has applied, and been qualified for admission, has 
 ever been refused, no other boys are admitted. 
 
 * This Chapel, with the Patronage of the School, now be- 
 longs to CHRISTOPHER THOMAS TOWER, Esq., of Weald Hall.
 
 410 ESSEX. [BRENT WOOD. 
 
 The present Master, The Revd. CHARLES TOWER, M. A., 
 of St. John's College, Cambridge, resides in the House 
 adjoining the School, to th& care of which he personally at- 
 tends, and he has provided Three Assistants for the different 
 departments. 
 
 He has given to each of the Alms-People 10. a year, 
 and has repaired their houses. 
 
 This School is entitled to a small SCHOLARSHIP of 6. 
 per annum at Christ College, Cambridge, in turn with the 
 Schools of Maldon and Chelmsford, given by THOMAS 
 PLUME, D. D. 
 
 The School is near the East end of the Town of Brent- 
 wood, a short distance from the great road from London to 
 Chelmsford. The Master's house which adjoins it, has a 
 small garden attached to it and six acres of land in the 
 Hamlet of Brentwood. 
 
 The Corporation Seals form a double clasp Seal of silver) 
 and are kept in an iron chest, with the muniments of the 
 School. 
 The following is a List of THE MASTERS, 
 
 GEORGE OTWAY. 
 
 JOHN GREENWOOD. 
 
 JEREMIAH PLUMTREE. 
 
 THOMAS CARTWRIGHT. 
 
 THOMAS LATHAM. 
 
 DANIEL BARNARD. 
 
 ELLIS ASHPOOLE. 
 
 JqHN MORRIS. 
 
 WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 JOHN MORGAN. 
 
 OWEN JONES. 
 
 JOHN POWLEY. 
 
 DRAKE. 
 
 SHERLEY WESTERN. 
 
 CHARLES TOWER.
 
 CHELMSFORD.] 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 411 
 
 CHELMSFORD. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR FREE SCHOOL at CHELMSFORD was founded 
 by King EDWARD the Sixth, by Letters Patent dated at 
 Westminster on the 24th of March, in the fifth year of his 
 reign, 1552, at the humble request of Sir WILLIAM PETRE, 
 Knt., one of his Principal Secretaries of State, Sir WALTER 
 MILDMAY, Knt., one of the General Supervisors of the 
 Court of Augmentations, Sir HEKRY TIRRELL, Knt., and 
 THOMAS MILDMAY, Esq., and the Inhabitants of Moulsham 
 and the adjacent parts; To be called by the name of " THE 
 GRAMMAR FREE SCHOOL of King EDWARD the Sixth," for 
 the Instruction of Youth in Grammar Learning, under the 
 care and inspection of a School-master, and aft Usher : 
 
 His Majesty constituted the FOUR persons above men- 
 tioned, who had been the principal instruments in the erect- 
 ing of it, the first Governors during life, and settled the 
 government of it in those FOUR FAMILIES for ever. And, 
 if any of the Four Governors died, then the surviving 
 Governors, or the major part of them, were empowered to
 
 412 ESSEX. [CHELMSFORD. 
 
 choose another in his room, viz., the heir male of the person 
 deceased. But, if any of the Governors should die without 
 heir male, it should then be lawful for the surviving Go- 
 vernors, or the major part of them, to make choice of a 
 fitting person bearing the Estate of a Knight, whose family 
 lived for the most part in the County of Essex. And, if it 
 should happen all the Governors thus to die without issue 
 male, then lie granted power to the Bishop of the Diocese, 
 to nominate and appoint Four Governors of the Order of 
 Knights in their room : 
 
 He endowed it with HilVs Chantry in the Parish of Great 
 Baddow; Plumborough Marsh, in South Minster; Barries 
 and Squite Crofts, in Hatfield Peverel; The Marsh of 
 Wyke or Cortwylce, in West Tilbury; and Stone house 
 CJtantry, in East Tilbury : paying yearly out of them only 
 40*.. Sd. to the Poor of Great Baddow aforesaid, and 7s..lQd. 
 to the Court of Augmentations. 
 
 The Governors are a Body Corporate and Politic, by the 
 name of " THE GOVERNORS of the POSSESSIONS, REVENUES 
 and GOODS of THE FREE SCHOOL of King EDWARD, in the 
 Parish of CHELMSFORD." 
 
 The present GOVERNORS are 
 The Right Honble. FRANCIS HENRY Lord PETRE, 
 
 Baron of Writtle. 
 Sir HENRY ST. JOHN CAREW ST. JOHN MILDMAY, 
 
 Bart. 
 
 Sir JOHN TYRELL, Bart. 
 THOMAS GARDINER BRAMSTON, Esq. 
 The present Treasurer is, Mr. PARKER, who was ap- 
 pointed in 1798. 
 
 The School-house is situate at the Upper end of the 
 Town in a Street, called " Duke Street," not far from the 
 Church. There is a very good Dwelling-house for the 
 residence of the Master, a spacious School-room, with a
 
 CHELMSFORD.] ESSEX. 413 
 
 large Garden, and convenient Out-buildings, which were 
 purchased by The Governors many years since. 
 
 Within these few years they have very much improved 
 the Dwelling-house, and purchased a field contiguous to 
 it, containing about two acres, for a Play-ground for the 
 Scholars, and which is a great accommodation to the 
 Master. 
 
 The School is open to the boys of the Town and Neigh- 
 bourhood, at the discretion of the Trustees, free of expense. 
 There are at present Twenty boys upon the Foundation, 
 and Fifteen others. They are admitted at Seven years of 
 age, and are generally continued, as long as their Parents 
 wish them to remain at School. They are nominated by 
 the Trustees. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used; and 
 the System of Education is the same as is pursued in great 
 Schools. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. THOMAS RO- 
 BERTS. This Gentleman takes private Pupils, his terms, 
 for the board and education of each, being Thirty guineas 
 per annum. 
 
 The Trustees, a few years since, for the benefit of the In- 
 habitants, wished the present Master to add the several 
 branches of an English education ; and, in compliance with 
 their desire, he has now also an English Assistant. 
 
 A small Scholarship of 6. per annum at Christ's Col- 
 lege, Cambridge, founded by THOMAS PLUME, D. D., 
 Archdeacon of Rochester, is appropriated to a person edu- 
 cated at the Schools of Brentwood, Maldon, or Chelmsford. 
 
 Sir HENRY MILDMAY pays 2. a year, being a legacy 
 left by his Ancestor, to the Writing Master. 
 
 PHILEMON HOLLAND, the celebrated Translator, JOHN 
 DEK, the Mathematician, and the munificent THOMAS 
 PLUME, D. D., were educated here.
 
 414 ESSEX. [CHELMSFORD. 
 
 The following is a List of THE MASTEES, 
 
 In 1733. The Revd. NICHOLAS TINDAL, resigned. 
 
 1739. The Revd. JOHN TINPAL, his son, resigned. 
 
 1744. The Revd. NATHANIEL BALL, resigned. 
 
 1758. The Revd. JOHN HEATH, died. 
 
 1781. The Revd. THOMAS NAYLOR, resigned. 
 
 1790. The Revd. THOMAS ROBERTS.
 
 CHIGWELL.] ESSEX. 
 
 CHIGWELL. 
 
 THE Two FREE SHOOLS at CHIGWELL were founded by the 
 munificent Prelate SAMUEL HARSXET, AECHBISHOP of YOBK, 
 by Indenture, made the 13th of April, 1629, between him- 
 self, on the one part ; and EMANUEL UTYE, D. D., Vicar of 
 Chigwell, THOMAS BERESFORD, D. D., Parson of Lough- 
 ton, DAVID DCNBAR, Esq., and Eighteen other Gentlemen 
 and Yeomen of Chigwell, on the other part, which wit- 
 nesseth, That His Grace had erected Two fair and large 
 School-Houses in the Parish of Chigwell, to the intent and 
 purpose " that the Children and Youth of that and other 
 adjoining Parishes should be in one of the said Schools 
 taught to read, write, cypher, and cast accompts, and to 
 learn their Accidence, and, in the other School-House, to 
 be instructed in the Latin and Greek tongues :" with 
 handsome and convenient houses for the Masters, and suit- 
 able gardens to each. / 
 
 For the endowment of these Schools, His Grace vested 
 the Impropriate Rectory and Parsonage of Tottington, in 
 the County of Norfolk, then of the clear yearly value of 
 60., together with the Advowson of the Vicarage of Tot- 
 tington, in TWENTY-ONE FEOFFEES, to be employed " to 
 no other use or purpose" The Grammar School-master to 
 be paid 20., and the English Master 25., by equal por- 
 tions yearly. 
 
 The residue of the endowment, after the distribution of 
 " 4*. worth of good wholesome wheaten bread," every Sun- 
 day (except two), at the end of Divine Service, to the Poor 
 of the Parish, and of 20s. to the Clerk for ringing the Church 
 Bell every morning at Six o'clock, is to be safely laid up 
 and kept as a Stock, to be employed by the Feoffees in " the
 
 416 ESSEX. [CHIGWELL. 
 
 needful reparations''' of the School-houses and dwellings, 
 " and other necessary expenses touching the Possessions." 
 
 Upon every Vacancy of the Vicarage of Tottington, the 
 Feoffees are to present to the Ordinary of that place for the 
 time being, such a fit Clerk to that Vicarage, " as either had 
 been formerly a Scholar of the said Latin School, or one 
 that was born in the Parish of Chigwell, if any such could 
 be found, and who would accept thereof :" and if not, then 
 they are to present such other fit person, as they should 
 think proper. 
 
 That when so many of the " Bargainees or their 
 assigns, " shall depart out of this mortal life, that there 
 shall be but Five of them surviving, 11 that then the Survi- 
 vors shall, " with all convenient speed," appoint Sixteen 
 other fit persons to complete the Trust ; whereof the Vicar 
 of Chigwell, and the Parson of Loughton, shall always be 
 Two, and the rest to be " some of the most substantial, 
 able, sufficient, and discreet Parishioners of Chigwell. 1 ' 
 
 And for the good management of his Schools, the pious 
 and benevolent Prelate drew up the following solemn and 
 impressive ORDINANCES : 
 
 " The Being, Life, and Continuation of all Foundations on 
 Earth are the Laws and Statutes of that Foundation ; and the 
 Life of the Statutes and Ordinances is the due and strict obser- 
 vation of them, which cannot be done but by living Men / 
 therefore charge the Governors of my Schools, as they shall answer 
 to God before his holy Angels, for their own Children, the Loss of 
 their Time in their Golden Youth, the Corruption of their Manners, 
 the cheating them of their Learning, and the Ruin of that Founda- 
 tion which I have laid for their public Good and the Good of their 
 Posterity, that they look duly, carefully, and conscionably to the 
 due keeping and observing of the Statutes and Ordinances follow- 
 ing ; which doing, the Blessing and Peace of God rest upon them 
 and their Issue. 
 
 The first Ordinance that I am to make, is to lay a Bond and 
 Obligation upon myself, humbly upon my knees, during my 
 Life, to praise and magnify the Goodness of God, who, from a 
 poor Vicar of this Parish, hath called me to so high a Dignity
 
 CHIXJWELL.] ESSEX. 417 
 
 in his Church, and to enable me to offer this Mite of my Thank- 
 fulness unto Him for all the Blessings that in Mercy He hath 
 bestowed upon me. 
 
 Item, I ordain, that both the Schools respectively, be for 
 ever ruled and governed by Twelve Governors, whom for 
 the present, I nominate and appoint Mr. EMANUEL UTYE, 
 Doctor in Divinity and Vicar of Chigwell, in the said County of 
 Essex, Mr. THOMAS BERKSFORD, Doctor in Divinity, and Par- 
 son of Loughton, in the said County of Essex, Mr. DAVID DUN- 
 BAR, of Chigwell aforesaid, Esq., Mr. EDMUND DENNYB, Mr. 
 ROBERT BARFOOTE, Mr. THOMAS HOWES, Mr. HENRY WITHERS, 
 and Mr. EDMUND SCOTT, of Chigwell aforesaid, Gentlemen, Mr. 
 WILLIAM NUTT, Citizen and Grocer, of London, JOHN ALLEN, 
 WILLIAM BROWN, and JERSAM HOLMES, of Chigwell aforesaid, 
 Yeomen ; and that these, and those who shall succeed them, do 
 from time to time elect, and constitute the Schoolmasters respec- 
 tively, and remove and expel them as there shall be cause, see 
 the Ordinances of the Schools duly kept and observed, RECEIVB 
 THE ANNUAL RENTS, pay the Schoolmasters, and do all other 
 Matters and Things that shall or may concern the Welfare and 
 Prosperity of the said Schools for ever ; of which Twelve I no- 
 minate and appoint the Vicar of Chigwell, and the Parson of 
 Loughton, for the time being, to be always Two 5 and when it 
 shall please God to call any of these Twelve out of this mortal 
 Life, I constitute and ordain, that the surviving Governors, 
 within Six Days after the Death of any of the Governors, shall 
 meet at the Grammar-Schoolmaster's House, and shall nominate 
 and elect of the most able and substantial Parishioners of Chig- 
 well, one or more Governors to make up the number of Twelve, 
 and not above ; and that they write the Names of the Person or 
 Persons so elected, in this Book of Ordinances, and subscribe 
 their Names thereunto. 
 
 Item, I constitute and ordain, that within Ten Days after 
 every Vacancy of either of the Schoolmasters' Places by Death, 
 Deprivation, Cession, or otherwise, that the Governors, or 
 the more Part of them, do meet at the Latin Schoolmaster's 
 House, and there do chuse a new Schoolmaster into the Place 
 that is become void, and if after Ten Days next ensuing the Va- 
 cancy, they do not agree upon the Election and Choice of a new 
 Schoolmaster, then I ordain that the Election do devolve abso- 
 lutely unto the Lord Bishop of London for the time being, and 
 the Party whom his Lordship shall nominate under his hand to 
 become, and to be the Schoolmaster respectively, without any 
 ceremony or contradiction. 
 
 The Quality of the Latin Schoolmaster. 
 Item, I constitute and appoint that the Latin Schoolmaster 
 VOL. i. E e
 
 418 ESSEX. [CHIGWELL. 
 
 be a Graduate of one of the Universities, not under Seven-and- 
 twenty Years of Age, a Man skilful in the Greek and Latin 
 Tongues, a good Poet, of a sound Religion, neither Papist nor 
 Puritan, of a grave Behaviour, of a sober and honest Conversa- 
 tion, no Tipler nor Haunter of Alehouses, no Puffer of Tobacco; 
 and above all, that he be apt to teach and severe in his Govern- 
 ment : And all Election or Elections otherwise made I declare 
 them to be void ipso facto ; and that as soon as the Schoolmaster 
 do enter into HOLY ORDERS, either Deacon or Priest, his Place 
 to become VOID ipso facto, as if he were DEAD. 
 
 Item, I ordain that the Second Schoolmaster, touching his 
 Years and Conversation, be in all Points endowed and qualified 
 as is above expressed touching the Latin Schoolmaster 5 that he 
 write fair Secretary and Roman Hands ; that he be skilful in 
 Cyphering and Casting of Accounts, and teach his Scholars the 
 same Faculty ; that for his Diligence in teaching, and his Times 
 of Beginning and Ending his School, he be tied under the same 
 Penalties as are hereafter in that behalf limited. 
 
 The Authors the Latin Schoolmaster is to read. 
 
 Item, I constitute and ordain that the Latin Schoolmaster, do 
 train up his Scholars in the Vulgar Grammar, commonly called 
 Lilly's Grammar, and no other ; and in Cleonard's Grammar 
 for the Greek Tongue ; and for Phrase and Style, that he infuse 
 no other into them save Tully and Terence ; for Poets, that he 
 read the ancient Greek and Latin Poets ; no Novelties nor 
 conceited modern Writers. 
 
 The Time of beginning and ending the Schoolmaster's teaching. 
 
 Item, I constitute and ordain that the Schools begin, betwixt 
 our Lady Day and Michaelmas, at Six o'Clock in the Morning, 
 and end at Eleven ; and in the Afternoon that it begin at One, 
 and end at Six ; and in the Winter that they begin at Seven and 
 continue to Eleven, and in the Afternoon from One to Five : 
 And that each Schoolmaster do come in Person into his several 
 Schools amongst his Scholars every Morning, except he be 
 detained by want of his Health, by Six o'Clock from our Lady 
 Day to Michaelmas, and by Seven o'Clock from Michaelmas to 
 our Lady Dayj and that he continue in Person teaching his 
 Scholars till Nine of the Clock, and then, if he please, to refresh 
 himself ; and that he be in Person in his School again by Ten 
 of the Clock, and so continue till Eleven j and at Afternoon 
 that he be present in his School by One of the Clock and con- 
 tinue till Three, and from Four to Five in the Winter, and Six 
 the rest of the Year : And if he be occasioned by necessary 
 Business to absent himself from his School more than Two
 
 CHIGWELL.] ESSEX. 419 
 
 Days, I will that he ASK THE THREE SENIOR GOVERNORS' 
 LEAVE ; and if he prove negligent in keeping his Hours as k 
 above said, or absent himself from his School WITHOUT LEAVE 
 obtained, after THREE ADMONITIONS given him by the GOVER- 
 NORS, or the more Part of them, I ordain and declare his Place 
 to be VOID, and do appoint a new Schoolmaster to be chosen 
 into it. 
 
 Item, I ordain that the Latin Schoolmaster, every Saturday 
 Afternoon, do call the Scholars of both Schools before him, and 
 do catechise them in the Principles of our Christian Religion, 
 ACCORDING TO THE ORDER OF THE BOOK OP COMMON PRAYER, 
 that they may by this Means be seasoned and prepared to receive 
 public Instruction, by way of catechising from the Vicar in the 
 Church, which I MOBE DESIRE THAN THE SEASONING THEM 
 
 WITH LEARNING. 
 
 Item, I strictly inhibit each Schoolmaster, upon Penalty of 
 Loss of his Place, that he grant no Otiums, or Play Days, nor 
 Part of Play Days, to his Scholars respectively, upon any 
 Pretext : But I appoint that the Scholars do every Thursday 
 and Saturday, betwixt Three and Four of the Clock in the 
 Afternoon, play of course ; and I strictly charge that there be no 
 breaking up, nor leaving of School, before any Festival Days, 
 save only Two Days before the Feast of Easter, Two Days 
 before the Feast of Pentecost, and Three Days before Christmas ; 
 and the Schools to begin again upon the Wednesday in Easter 
 Week, the Wednesday in the Week of Pentecost, and the Day 
 after the Twelfth Day in Christmas, without delay. 
 
 The Manner of the Schoolmasters' Corrections. 
 
 Item, I constitute and ordain that the Schoolmasters do not 
 exceed in their Corrections above the Number of Three Stripes 
 with the Rod at any one Time ; that they strike not any Scholar 
 upon the Head or the Cheek with their Fist or the Palms of 
 their Hands, or with any other Thing, upon Pain of Loss of 
 Forty Shillings for every such Stripe or Stroke, to be defaulked 
 by the Governors out of their yearly Wages : That they do not 
 curse or revile their Scholars : That for speaking English in the 
 Latin School, the Scholar be corrected by the Ferula , and for 
 swearing, with the Rod: That Monitors be appointed to note 
 and present their Rudeness, irreverent or indecent Demeanour 
 in the Streets, the Church, or their public Sports. 
 
 Item, I ordain that the Scholars of both the Schools do every 
 Morning, upon their Knees, before they begin their Lectures, 
 offer up their Sacrifice of Prayer and Thanksgiving to God in 
 such Prayers and Psalms as shall be appointed by me j that is 
 to say, that their Masters, both at one Time in the Morning, do
 
 ESSEX. [CHIGWELL. 
 
 repeat orderly the Lord's Prayer, and after that the Te Devm 
 Laudamus, and that their Scholars do answer them accordingly ; 
 and at Afternoon, before they depart, that the Masters do repeat 
 orderly the Hundred-and-thirteenth Psalm, and they answer it 
 and the Verse following to the end of that Psalm. 
 
 The Behaviour of the Scholars. 
 
 Item, I publish to all Men the true Intentions of my Heart, 
 that I more affectionately desire that the poor Scholars of my 
 Schools be nurtured and disciplined in good Manners, than in- 
 structed in good Arts ; and therefore I charge my Schoolmasters 
 respectively, as they will answer it to God and good Men, that 
 they bring up their Scholars in the Fear of God, and Reverence 
 towards all Men : That they teach them Obedience to their 
 Parents, Observance to their Betters, Gentleness and Ingenuity 
 in all their Carriages ; and, above all, that they chastise them 
 severely for Three Vices, LYING, SWEARING, and FILTHY SPEAK- 
 ING, that Men seeing the Buds of Virtue in their Youth may be 
 stirred up to bless them, and to praise God for their pious 
 Education. 
 
 Item, I ordain that the Scholars of both Schools do upon every 
 Sunday and Holiday, in the Morning, resort orderly unto their 
 several Schools ; and that they go from thence, with their 
 Masters before them, unto the Church, Two and Two in a 
 Rank : That they carry their Service Books with them, and 
 answer the Versicles in the Psalms as the Clerk of the Parish 
 doth : That they kneel at such Times of the celebrating of 
 Divine Service accordingly as it is in that behalf prescribed by 
 the Book of Common Prayer j and that they stand up at the 
 Reading of the Creed and Gospel, and bow at the sacred name 
 of JESUS ; and that as many as be of Capacity do take in Writing 
 the Notes of the Preacher's Sermon, and give Account of them 
 on Monday Morning to their Masters. 
 
 The Free Scholars of both Schools. 
 
 Item, I constitute and ordain that the Latin Schoolmaster do 
 teach gratis, that is without any Fee or Reward, TWELVE 
 Scholars born within the Parish of Chigwell, Two born in 
 Loughton, Two in Woodford, and Two within the Parish of 
 Lamborne ; and that the English Schoolmaster do teach gratis 
 to Read, Write, Cypher, and Cast Accounts, and to learn their 
 Accidence, ALL that shall be sent unto him of the Parish of 
 Chigwell, Two born within the Parish of Loughton, Two within 
 the Parish of Woodford, and Two within the Parish of Lam- 
 borne : Provided always, That in case the Parents of any of the 
 Free Scholars above named do detain and keep their Children
 
 CHIGWELL.] ESSEX. 421 
 
 by the Space of Five days together from the School, or above 
 Seven Days in any one Quarter of a Year jointly or severally, 
 upon any Pretext (except it be in case of Sickness), that then and 
 from thenceforth the Scholars so absented and detained shall for 
 ever forfeit his freedom in the said School, and shall be expel- 
 led from the School, except his Parents pay for his teaching 
 according to the Schoolmaster's discretion. 
 
 Item, I constitute and ordain that no leprous, foul, or infec- 
 tious Child be admitted into either of the said Schools ; nor 
 any that by the Sluttishness or Negligence of their Parents or 
 Guardians shall be observed to abound with Vermin : That no 
 Scholar, upon Pain of Whipping, do make Water within the 
 Walls of the Court- Yard : and that for their other needful Oc- 
 casions they resort to some such retired Place as shall be appointed 
 unto them by the Governors, and not elsewhere. 
 
 Item, I do ordain that the said Rectory shall not at any Time 
 hereafter be demised for any longer Term than for One-and- 
 twenty Years at the furthest, to begin in Possession from the 
 making of the Lease ; and that upon every such Lease thereof, 
 so from Time to Time to be made, there be reserved, for and 
 during all the Term, the yearly Rent of Threescore Pounds of 
 lawful English Money, to be paid at the Two usual Feasts or 
 Terms of the Year ; that is to say, at the Feasts of St. Michael 
 the Archangel, and of The Annunciation of our blessed Lady the 
 Virgin Mary, or within Eight-and-tu enty Days at the furthest 
 next and immediately ensuing after each of the said Feasts, by 
 equal and even Portions. I doubt not but that the said Rectory 
 may from time to time be let for so much yearly Rent : But if 
 the Feoffees, Grantees, or Bargainees for the time being of the 
 said Rectory, shall at any Time hereafter be enforced to abate 
 some of the said yearly Rent as that they shall not be able, out 
 of the yearly Profits of the said Rectory, fully to perform all 
 those good and Charitable Uses which, in my Conveyance of the 
 said Rectory to the new Grantees or Bargainees therein named, 
 are in that behalf mentioned and appointed ; Then 1 will, That, 
 according to the Proportion, and for so much of the said yearly 
 Rent as they shall be so enforced to abate, and for and during 
 that time only, there shall be a proportionable and respective 
 Defalcation made of the several yearly Stipends which I have, in 
 and by my said Conveyance appointed to be given to the School- 
 masters of the said Schools. 
 
 Item, I do nominate, and with my hearty Prayers beseech, 
 the Lord Bishop of LONDON for the time being to be for ever 
 the VISITOR of my Schools ; unto whom I will and appoint the 
 Governors abovesaid to repair in all Cases of Difficulty and 
 Difference amongst them : And I ordain that his the said Lord
 
 42 ESSEX. [CHIGWELL. 
 
 Bishop's Sentence, Judgment, or Doom, to be a final and con- 
 clusive Determination of all Differences whatsoever; And I 
 will and require Two of the Senior Governors of the Schools, 
 either upon every New Year's Day yearly, or the Day following, 
 to repair unto the Lord Bishop of London, his Palace or House, 
 and to present unto his Lordship an old Angel of Gold, for his 
 New Year's Gift, with these Words : 
 
 " May it please your Lordship, 
 " We are commanded by Order from our Founder to 
 
 " present unto your Lordship this poor New Year's Gift ; 
 
 *' and humbly to entreat your Lordship, in his name, to be 
 
 " good unto his Poor Schools at Chigwell." 
 Item, I ordain that the Conveyances and Writings which do 
 or shall concern the Possessions of my Schools, together with 
 the Money which I have, in and by my Conveyance unto the 
 new Grantees or Bargainees of the said Possessions, appointed 
 to be for a Stock for the said Schools, shall be from Time to 
 Time kept in a Chest, which shall remain in the House ap- 
 pointed for the Latin Schoolmaster, under three Locks and 
 Keys ; one of which Keys the Vicar of Chigwell for the time 
 being, the other Key the Parson of Loughton for the time being, 
 and the third Key such a one of the Governors as the Governors 
 for the Time being, or the major Part of them, shall in that behalf 
 nominate and appoint. 
 
 Lastly, I ordain that these Ordinances shall once every Year, 
 upon the Monday in Easter Week, in the Forenoon of the same 
 Day, after Morning Prayer, be read in the Church by the 
 Schoolmaster, which shall teach the Latin and Greek Tongues, 
 in the Presence and Hearing of the Governors of the said Schools 
 for the Time being, or the major Part of them, whom I desire in 
 that behalf to be then present. 
 
 SAMUEL EBOR. (L. S.) 
 
 Examined by me, 
 
 JN. JKSSOPP, 
 Waltham Abbey, Essex. 
 
 A doubt having arisen, whether the Master of the LATIX 
 School, notwithstanding the clear intention of the Founder 
 that the same shall be appointed for the instructing and 
 teaching the Children of the Parish of Chigwell, and the 
 adjacent Parishes, the Latin and Greek tongues, might not, 
 nevertheless, be at liberty to teach and instruct such Children 
 as should board with him, and were not either of Chigwell
 
 CHIGWELL.] ESSEX. 423 
 
 or the adjacent Parishes, reading, writing, and casting 
 accounts, and learning their Accidence, which the Master of 
 the ENGLISH SCHOOL apprehended to be an innovation, and 
 much to his detriment, and the Masters of both Schools 
 having laid before the Bishop of London a state of their 
 respective cases, and the Trustees having likewise desired 
 his Judgment and Decision therein, 
 
 His Lordship under his Episcopal Seal, dated the 20th 
 of June, 1743, declared, 
 
 " That though there were no directions in the said Statutes 
 or Ordinances, concerning the teaching or instructing any other 
 Children than those of Chigwell and the adjacent Parishes, yet 
 it evidently appears to be the Founder's intention throughout, 
 that each School should be kept to the separate and distinct use 
 directed by him. 
 
 " We, therefore, pursuant to the trust reposed in us, do, for 
 preventing all further doubts and disputes, strictly order and 
 enjoin the several and respective Masters, that no Children 
 whatever, whether upon the Foundation or not, be from hence- 
 forth taught in the Grammar School to read, write, cypher, or 
 cast accounts, or learn their Accidence, nor in the other 
 School shall they be taught the Latin and Greek tongues." 
 
 The present Master of The Grammar School is, The 
 Revd. WILLIAM BURFORD, M. A , whose Salary is 20. 
 per annum. The present number of Scholars is Thirty, 
 3 or 4 of whom are upon the Foundation. 
 
 The present Master of The English School is, Mr. WIL- 
 LIAM COLE, whose Salary is 50. per annum. TWENTY 
 boys of the Parish of Chigwell, TWO of Loughton, TWO of 
 Woodford, and TWO of Lambourne, (adjoining Parishes), 
 are instructed gratuitously.
 
 424 ESSEX. [COLCHESTER. 
 
 COLCHESTER. 
 
 IN so large and considerable a place as COLCHESTER, there 
 must undoubtedly have been always several Schools. There 
 were Public ones, even so anciently as the eighth of King 
 JOHN, 1207- But there were none endowed until the 31st 
 of King HENRY the Eighth, 1539, nor any effectually 
 endowed at all until the 26th of Queen ELIZABETH, 
 1584. 
 
 In which year Her Majesty, by Letters Patent dated the 
 Cth of July, re-granted to the Bailiffs, Burgesses, and Com- 
 monalty of this Town, the Chantries in the Chapel of St. 
 Helen, and in the Church of St. Mary, with all the reve- 
 nues thereunto belonging ; upon the condition, that they 
 should distribute and apply part of the revenues of the 
 same, in erecting and endowing a FREE SCHOOL here ; 
 
 Ordaining, that the Corporation, and their Successors, may 
 choose the Master from time to time ; 
 
 That the Bishop of London, and the Dean of St. Paul's, and 
 their Successors, may make wholesome and suitable Statutes 
 in writing, for the Government of the Master, and Scholars 
 of this School, which they shall firmly observe and keep : 
 
 That the School, and the Master and Scholars shall be under 
 the Visitation of the Bishop of LONDON, for the time being ; 
 
 That the Bishop of London, and his Successors, may visit as 
 well the School, and the Master and Scholars, as all the posses- 
 -sions assigned by the Bailiffs and Commonalty for the mainten- 
 ance of the School ; 
 
 And, shall cause the revenues of those possessions to be 
 employed in the maintenance and support of the School, and the 
 Master. 
 
 About ten months after the date of this Grant, the Bailiffs 
 and Commonalty erected and endowed the School, direct- 
 ing, that the House called " Westerns? in the Parish of All 
 Saints, which had before been used as a School-house, should
 
 COLCHESTER.] ESSEX. 425 
 
 be for ever thereafter the School-house of THE FREE 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL within the Town of COLCHESTER; in 
 which there shall be SIXTEEN Free Scholars instructed in 
 the art of Grammar for ever : and assigned certain premises 
 of the clear yearly value of 20 marks, for the support of the 
 Master. 
 
 In this state the School continued until the reign of King 
 WILLIAM the Third, when complaint being made to Dr. 
 HENRY COMPTON, Bishop of London, that the whole profits 
 of the messuages and lands were not applied according to 
 the Patent of Queen ELIZABETH, His Lordship filed a 
 Bill in Chancery against the Mayor and Corporation in 
 Michaelmas Term 1696, and on the 31st of October 1698 
 obtained a Decree. 
 
 Still, however, the matter remained unsettled for some 
 years afterwards : but at length the Mayor and Corporation 
 were prevailed upon to part with the management of the 
 revenues of the School, and to put them into other hands. 
 
 And, in pursuance, therefore, of the Decree in Chancery, 
 they enfeoffed, on the 16th of September, 1707, by way 
 of lease and release, Sir WILLIAM LUCKIN, of Messing, Bart., 
 Sir ISAAC REBOW, Knight, and five other Gentlemen, in all 
 the lands and tenements belonging to the School, in Trust, 
 that they should permit the Master, for the time being, to 
 enjoy the possessions, and receive the rents and profits there- 
 of to his own use. 
 
 The present Rental of the Estate is } 17. per annum, 
 a sum at which it was let on a lease of 21 years in the 
 beginning of the year 1806. 
 
 The Statutes which were drawn up by JOHN Lord Bishop 
 of London, and ALEXANDER NOWELL, Dean of St. Paul's, 
 are not now complied with in the School, as many of them 
 are totally inapplicable to present manners and habits. 
 
 The School hours are, in Summer, at seven o'Clock in 
 the Morning, out at nine, in again at ten, and out at
 
 426 ESSEX. ["COLCHESTER. 
 
 one; in at three, and out at five. In the Winter, an hour 
 later in the Morning. A selection of Prayers from the 
 Church Service is always used before the business commen- 
 ces, every Morning. 
 
 The number of Scholars is between 30 and 40, seldom 
 falling short of the former or exceeding the latter. For 
 many years previous to 1806, the situation was occupied by 
 a Gentleman who paid no attention to the duties of a School- 
 master, and who had suffered the School to fall altogether 
 into neglect, " not a single Pupil had been educated under 
 him for several years" The terms of the Day-Scholars are 
 ten guineas per annum. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used : and the system of educa- 
 tion pursued is generally the ETON, although other books 
 than those used at that Seminary, are occasionally intro- 
 duced. 
 
 ROBEET LEWIS, formerly Fellow of St. John's College, 
 Cambridge, and for some time Preacher at St. Peter's in 
 Colchester, and MARY his Wife, both of whom were 
 born and brought up in this Town, intended, and the 
 said MARY, by her Will dated the 12th of October, 1620, 
 gave 100. to the use of that College; for which the Cor- 
 poration granted an Annuity of <7-,for the maintenance of 
 a Scholar in St. John's, for ever. Upon a vacancy, the 
 Master and Seniors of the College are to make choice of a 
 Scholar, formerly of The Free School of Colchester, and 
 the son of a Free Burgess of the same Town, if they have 
 any such within their College, and qualified according to 
 their Statutes. But, if there be none such in that College, 
 then it shall be lawful for the Bailiffs, and the general 
 Preacher, of the Town of Colchester, and the Schoolmaster 
 of the Free School there for the time being, or any i hree 
 of them, to nominate and present to the Master and Se- 
 niors of St. John's a sufficient Scholar of the Free School of 
 Colchester, to succeed into the said place.
 
 COLCHESTER.] ESSEX. 427 
 
 AMBROSE GILBERT, S. T. B., by bis Will, dated the 6th 
 of May, 1642, bequeathed " Marsh-House" in the Parish of 
 St. Osyth, in Essex, with all the lands and woods belonging 
 to the same, to the founding of a Fellowship and a Scholar- 
 ship in St. John's College, in Cambridge, and appointed " to 
 be capable of these places, first the GiLBERTS,next the TORK- 
 INGTONS, then Colchester School, lastly Orset, and Essex." 
 This Will was proved on the 14th of June, 1649. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. EDWARD CROSSE, 
 who took the Degree of M. A., at Oriel College, Oxford, 
 about the year 1799> having been ordained Deacon and 
 Priest at Exeter, in 1796 and 1797- In 1803, he accept- 
 ed a Curacy in Essex. and, in 1806, he was nominated a 
 Candidate for the Mastership of Colchester School, upon a 
 vacancy then declared, and his success is attributed in great 
 measure to the favourable testimonies borne to his character 
 by the late estimable PROVOST of ORIEL, and by the present 
 Bishop of PETERBOROUGH, and he was elected by the 
 unanimous suffrages of the Burgesses, to almost all of whom 
 he was personally unknown. This Gentleman has always 
 taken a few private Pupils, generally Six. His terms have 
 raried according to the age of those to be admitted, for 
 the youngest they are 80 guineas, for the eldest 120 gui- 
 neas, the average may be stated at 100. He lives in a 
 Private house. 
 
 His Assistant, Mr. ROGERS, late Fellow of Sydney Sussex 
 College, Cambridge, resides in the School-house, and takes 
 a few pupils at Sixty guineas per annum each. 
 
 The number of THE TRUSTEES is very limited, not ex- 
 ceeding five or six. 
 
 SAMUEL HARSNET, Archbishop of York, and the muni- 
 ficent Founder of the Two Schools at ChigweU, was educa- 
 ted heer.
 
 428 ESSEX. [DEDIIASI. 
 
 DEDHAM. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at DEDHAM was built, and 
 the House adjoining to the same for the Master was given 
 by Dame JOAN CLARK, at a period now unknown. 
 
 For it's Endowment it is indebted to WILLIAM LITTLE- 
 BURY, Gentleman, of Dedham, who, by his Will dated the 
 20th of July, 1571, .bequeathed a Farm, called " Rag- 
 marsh^ situate in the Parishes of Bradfield and Wrabness, 
 then rented at 20. a year, for the maintenance of a 
 Master,- to teach TWENTY Scholars, such as the Governors 
 should approve, according to the directions and limitations 
 in his Will. 
 
 This donation was confirmed, and the Governors incorpo- 
 rated by Charter, dated the 14th of May, 1574, when the 
 School was directed to be styled " Queen ELIZABETH'S 
 FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL."' 
 
 The Governors, constituted and appointed by this Char- 
 ter, were empowered to appoint others to the number of 
 TWENTY-FOUR, as occasion should require, to be Trustees of 
 the School-house and Farm, to keep all things in good 
 order and repair, and to give an account of the revenues 
 and improvements, at their general Meeting on Whitsun- 
 Monday in every year. 
 
 The Master of the School must be a Graduate in one of 
 the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge. 
 
 " We may in one instance observe," Mr. MORANT re- 
 marks," how much a Military spirit was encouraged by our 
 martial and manly Queen ELIZABETH, I mean, her in- 
 junctions to the Parents of boys at Free Schools, and this of 
 Pedham in particular, That they should furnish their sons 
 there with bows, shafts, bracers, and gloves, in order to train 
 them to arms"
 
 DEDHAM.] ESSEX. 429 
 
 In 1593, WILLIAM CARDINAL, Esq., of Egmanton in the 
 County of Nottingham, but a native of this town, gave a 
 Farm in Great Bromley, in Essex, the rent thereof to be 
 divided between Two poor SCHOLARS, natives of Dedham, 
 or Much Bromley, and sent from this School to Cambridge. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 430 ESSEX. [EARL'S COLN. 
 
 EARL'S COLNE, near HALSTED. 
 
 THE PEEK GRAMMAR SCHOOL at EARL'S COLNE was 
 founded by CHRISTOPHER SWALLOW, Clerk, some time 
 Vicar of Messing, in the reign of King HENRY the Eighth ; 
 and endowed with a Farm-house and lands, called " Picle- 
 st&nes" in the Parishes of Stisted and Patteswick, in the 
 County of Essex, a Cottage and land, called " Tumbletie? 
 in the Parish of Stisted, a Farm-house and lands in the 
 Parish of Ardleigh, lands, called " Potts" in the Parish of 
 Marks Tey, and a Cottage and lands in the Parish of 
 Messing, the gross annual Income, in 1817, amounting to 
 jl75"l-0. F r the support and maintenance of a proper 
 person to execute the office of a Schoolmaster, " who shall 
 be able to teach and instruct children in a Grammar School 
 there, and to teach the number of THIRTY Children, whose 
 Parents shall be dwelling in the said Parishes where the said 
 lands and tenements are situate, and others, whose Parents 
 are poor, without any fee or reward to be rendered for the 
 same." 
 
 The present possessor of this Estate is, THOMAS TOWLE 
 Esq., of Castle-street, Falcon-square, London, the Patronage 
 of the School and Lands having been granted by The Right 
 Honble. AUBERY Earl of OXFORD, Lord Lieutenant of the 
 County of Essex, by Deed dated the 30th of September, 
 1673, to GEORGE CRESSENER the Elder, of Earl's Colne, 
 Gentleman, JOHN CRESSENER, of London, Grocer, and 
 GEORGE CRESS KNER the Younger, of The Middle Temple, 
 London, Gentleman, from whom they have descended to 
 him, and which Deed is in his possession. 
 
 There are no STATUTES. 
 
 The School is open to the boys of the Parish of Earl's
 
 EARL'S COLXE.] ESSEX. 431 
 
 Colne, and to any boys of the Parishes where the lands are 
 situate, whose Parents are poor, free of expense. The Pa- 
 tron and Master nominate. They are admitted generally at 
 Seven years of age, and there is no prescribed time for their 
 continuance in the School. THIRTY boys upon the founda- 
 tion, and about Sixteen others are usually educated in the 
 School. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used, and the Scholars are 
 further instructed in history, geography, and the use of the 
 globes, English Grammar and composition, writing, arith- 
 metic, and book-keeping. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor any University advantages, 
 belonging to this School. 
 
 The present and only Master is, Mr. ISAAC WATSON, 
 who receives the whole amount of the endowment, except 
 10. per annum, which is paid to the Patron for the rent 
 of the School, which is his Freehold property. This Gen- 
 tleman takes Six Pupils at Twenty-five guineas a year each.
 
 ESSEX [FELSTBD. 
 
 FELSTED. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at FELSTED was founded by RICHAIID 
 Lord RICH, in the year 1564, and endowed with an ample 
 provision for a Master, and Usher. 
 
 The Noble Founder directed, that the Chaplain of the 
 Institution should be a Priest, to be chosen by his Heirs^ 
 named and collated hi writing. 
 
 The Chaplain to be a School-master, to teach EIGHTY 
 male children born in the County of Essex. 
 
 The Usher to teach the children in such manner and form 
 as the Master shall direct. 
 
 Upon complaint of the Master to the heirs, the Usher is 
 to be displaced, and another put in his room. 
 
 The Master, and Usher, are not to be absent above eight 
 days in a Quarter, without good excuse. 
 
 If the Master, or Usher, be removed, another is to be 
 elected within six weeks, or else the Bishop of London may 
 collate. 
 
 If the Chaplain or Master have any Spiritual promotion 
 other than by the gift of the Heirs, then to be removed. 
 
 A Sermon is to be preached on Whit- Sunday in the after- 
 noon, and at the end thereof this Psalm, " Deus misereatur 
 nostri;^ and then a Collect, which is set down in the 
 writings. And the Church-wardens are to pay 13*. 4J. for 
 the Sermon. 
 
 The Church-wardens are to make their account on Low- 
 Sunday before the Heirs, or any one whom they shall 
 appoint, with the Vicar of Felsted, and the Chaplain and 
 Usher, or two of them, and two other honest persons of the 
 Parish. 
 
 The Church-warden is to pay 6$. 8d. to the Vicar of Fel-
 
 FELSTED.] ESSEX. 433 
 
 sted, for his looking after the true execution of the Founda- 
 tion, and calling upon the Church-wardens to that purpose. 
 
 The present Patron of the School is, The Earl of WIN- 
 CHILSEA. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor any Church Preferment, 
 belonging to this School. 
 
 There is a good School-house, situate on the South side 
 of the Church, fronting the Street, and the Institution is 
 now in a very flourishing state. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. EDMUND SQUIRE, 
 whose Statutable Salary is .50., and ,14. by a late grant 
 of The Earl of NOTTINGHAM, together with a good Dwell- 
 ing-house, a garden and close adjoining, of about two acres, 
 and other conveniencies. 
 
 The Statutable Salary of the Usher is 25., and 7. by 
 the grant of The Earl of NOTTINGHAM, together with a con- 
 venient Chamber adjoining to the School. 
 
 By The Earl of NOTTINGHAM'S grant, 3. are to be 
 annually put into The Foundation Chest. 
 
 Among the Eminent persons who were educated at this 
 School, may be enumerated, 
 
 ISAAC BARROW, D.D., the Mathematician and Divine. 
 JOHN WALLIS, D. D. r the Mathematician, under the 
 
 learned Mr. MARTIN HOLBEACH. 
 THOMAS TOWNSON, D. D. 
 THOMAS COOKE, a Poet and miscellaneous Writer. 
 
 To which may be added, OLIVER, RICHARD, and HENRY, 
 three sons of OLIVER CROMWELL, who were sent to this 
 School for some time after the breaking out of the Civil 
 Wars ; and, as Mr. MORANT suggests, by means of The 
 Earl of WARWICK, who was very intimate with their Father. 
 
 Lord RICH also founded in the same year, a good ALMS- 
 HOUSE for Six poor people. 
 
 VOL. i. F f
 
 434 ESSEX. [HALSTED. 
 
 HALSTED. 
 
 THE FJIEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at HALSTED was founded in 
 the year 1594, by Dame MARY RAMSEY, and endowed 
 with 20. a year, and a house, for the education of FORTY- 
 THREE Scholars within the towns of Halsted and Colne- 
 Engaine, and, in default of a supply of that number out 
 of these towns, the sons of poor men, who inhabit within 
 eigfit miles of Halsted, are to be received into the School, as 
 free Scholars, to make the number FORTY. 
 
 The care and trust of the Institution was committed by 
 The Foundress to The Governors of CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, in 
 London. 
 
 This School was first designed to be erected at Clavering 
 in this County. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 MALDON.] ESSEX. , 435 
 
 MALDON. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at MALDON was founded by 
 RALPH BREDER, one of the Aldermen of this Corporation ; 
 who, dying on the 2d of March, 1608, bequeathed 300. 
 to be laid out for the endowment of a Grammar School, 
 the Master to be nominated by his Feoffees, whilst they 
 lived, and afterwards by the Bailiffs. 
 
 Mrs. ANASTATIA WENTWORTH, Widow, gave 23. per 
 annum to this School, out of a Farm at Hatfield Peverell : 
 and also two Houses of about 10. a year. 
 
 Besides which, 3. per annum was given to the School 
 out of rents of Houses in this Town. 
 
 The School, which is a handsome brick edifice, was erected 
 on the site of St. Peter's Church by THOMAS PLUME, D.D., 
 Archdeacon of Rochester, and the munificent Benefactor to 
 this his native place, the lower part being appropriated to 
 the SCHOOL, and the upper part to a LIBRARY. And to 
 the support of his noble views he gave his Farm at Iltney 
 in Mundon to certain Trustees, to keep the School and 
 Library in good repair, and to maintain a weekly Lecture 
 from Lady-day to Michaelmas in The Upper Church at 
 Maldon, together with various other benevolent bequests. 
 
 To his LIBRARY he gave " all his Books and Pictures, 
 (except his own Picture in Mr. POND'S house), together 
 with his large Map of the World. And desired all his 
 Manuscript Papers, of his own hand, to he carefully pre- 
 served in the Study of the said Library. He directed that 
 the Keeper of his Library should be a Scholar that knows 
 Books, M A., and in Holy Orders, and may be some 
 Minister that has neighbouring Living, and can and shall 
 reside in Maldon, or the School-master himself, or any 
 other of good Learning and Life, that will be engaged to
 
 436 ESSEX. 
 
 attend every Morning and Afternoon, except Sundays, two 
 hours in the Library-room, or in his House near to it, in 
 all four hours per diem, That any Gentleman, or Scholar, 
 who desires, may go into it, and make use of any Book 
 there, or borrow it, in case he leaves a Vadimonium with 
 the Keeper for the restoring thereof fair and incorrupted 
 within a short time, or else therewith to buy another of the 
 same kind and goodness. He shall suffer no Stranger to be 
 there alone without a voucher for his honesty, and his own 
 promise not to carry away, or deface any Book. The 
 Library-Keeper is to give 200. bond at least not to em- 
 bezzel his Books, nor to lend them out without sufficient 
 pawn to his Trustees at Maldon, to buy the same again. 
 The Governors of SIGN COLLEGE in London, for the time 
 being, are to take account thereof, for which he left that 
 College 20s. per annum out of Iltney estate. And because 
 new Books are daily printing, he wills that 20*. per annum 
 be paid out of his Iltney estate yearly, to buy any that shall 
 be most desired by the Library-Keeper, whose Salary is 
 40. a year, and a Dwelling-house near the Library." 
 
 This School is entitled to a small Scholarship of 6. per 
 annum at Christ's College, Cambridge, founded also by 
 Dr. PLUME, in turn with the Schools of Brentwood and 
 Chelmsford. * 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 NEWPORT.] ESSEX. 437 
 
 NEWPORT, near BISHOP'S STORTFORD. 
 
 THE FEEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at NEWPORT was founded in 
 1588, by JOYCE FRANCKL AND, Widow, Daughter of ROBERT 
 TRAPPS, of London, Goldsmith, and WILLIAM SAXIE, her 
 son ; and endowed with a portion of the Great Ty thes of 
 Banstead, in Surrey, Two houses in Little Distaff Lane? 
 London, and a Tenement at Hoddesdon, in the County of 
 Hertford, then of the annual value of 23..10..0, but now 
 amounting to about 275. 
 
 The Master of GONVIL and CAIUS COLLEGE, in Cam- 
 bridge, was appointed the GOVERNOR: who, annually by 
 himself, or his sufficient Deputy, visits the School, and sets 
 down such ORDERS and RULES, as he thinks convenient, and 
 which are strictly observed. 
 
 The School is open to the boys of this Parish, free of 
 expense, except that of books; and is restricted in some 
 measure to this Village : But for want of a sufficient number 
 of the sons of Parishioners, the vacancies may be supplied 
 by the children of any other Town. 
 
 The number of boys admitted upon the Foundation is 
 FIFTY ; and, as the Trustees meet every quarter, it is in- 
 variably complete. No other Scholars are educated at this 
 School. They are admitted at the age of seven years, and 
 remain five or six years without superannuation. 
 
 The Persons who nominate on vacancies, are the Trustees 
 or Feoffees who are unlimited in their number ; but, accord- 
 ing to the Will of the Foundress, when there shall be but 
 Three of them left alive, they shall make a new Feoffment 
 of the honest and substantial Inhabitants of Newport, to 
 such uses and upon such trust as she devised to the original 
 Trustees. 
 
 The ETON Grammars have been in use : But the routine
 
 438 ESSEX. [NEWPORT. 
 
 of Education, for the last Twenty-three years, has been read- 
 ing, writing, and arithmetic, though the Rules prescribed 
 by the present Master of GONVIL and CAIUS COLLEGE di- 
 rect, that the Latin and Greek languages, algebra, trigono- 
 metry, &c , shall be taught to such boys whose Parents are 
 disposed to have them instructed in the same. 
 
 At every Visitation the Scholars may be examined in 
 their Learning, and Three or Four who are competent, 
 may be removed to GONVIL and CAIUS COLLEGE, or more 
 of them, if the Scholars and their Parents consent, and 
 there may be admitted, and preferred " according to their 
 "Anncy entry e" unto the next Scholarship that then or at any 
 time shall fall void, being of the Foundation of Mrs. FRANCK- 
 LANU and her Son, in the said College, before any other. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. THOMAS BELL, Vicar 
 of Newport, and late a Member of St. John's College, Cam- 
 bridge, whose Salary is 205. per annum. His immediate 
 Predecessor received into his house a few Pupils, who were 
 not upon the Foundation ; but, on his election in 1 793, the 
 Trustees laid him under an injunction not to take Pupils. 
 
 The benevolent Foundress of this School also bequeathed 
 a House in Philip Lane> Aldermanbury, with the fixtures 
 and appurtenances, together with two Tenements adjoining, 
 to the Master and Fellows of GONVIL and CAIUS COLLEGE, 
 and their Successors, the rents and profits of the same to be 
 employed in founding Two SCHOLARSHIPS, and Six FELLOW- 
 SHIPS, in that College,- Each Scholar to be paid Five 
 marks, and each Fellow ',!> per annum. These Fellow- 
 ships, it is understood, are not appropriated to any particular 
 School, or restricted to any County.
 
 SAFFRON WALDEN.] ESSEX. 439 
 
 SAFFRON WALDEN. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at SAFFRON WALDEN owe 
 it's Foundation to the " good intente, mynde, and godlie 
 purpose" of The Revd. JOHN LECHE, Vicar of Walden, 
 which wasr partly effected during his life- time, and fully 
 accomplished after his decease, " by his Suster and Heire, 
 Dame JOHAN BRADBURY, of London, Widow." 
 
 He became Vicar of Walden (then Chepyng Walden), in 
 1489, and died in the year 1521. He was also a Member 
 of " The Gilde or Fraternite of THE HOLY TRINITE," as 
 was likewise his Sister, Lady BRADBURY, which was estab- 
 lished by Letters Patent from King HENRY the Eighth, 
 dated at Westminster the 24th of March, in the Fifth year 
 of his reign, 1514. He was distinguished for his Piety, 
 Benevolence, and Munificence, as appears, among other cir- 
 cumstances, from the following Epitaph which is engraven 
 on a fillet of brass, running round an altar tombstone of 
 granite now remaining entire in the Church of Saffron 
 Walden, 
 
 " Quo non est, nee erit, nee clarior extitit ullus 
 Unctorum clausum hoc marmore pulvis habet, 
 Huic LECHE iiomen erat, divinae legis Amator, 
 Hujus quern templi curam habuisse palam est, 
 Iste huic multa dabat sacro donaria fano, 
 Inceptique operis sedulus auctor erat, 
 Pauperibus fuit inde pius pavit miserosque, 
 Et me qui temerfe haec carmina composui 
 Hujus sit ergo animae caelum jam munus ut altuin, 
 Hue qui ades instanti pectore funde preces 
 Spes mea in Deo est." 
 
 An incorrect copy of this Inscription is given in WEEVER'S 
 Funeral Monuments. 
 
 It appears from an Indenture tripartite, now preserved in 
 the Council Chamber at Saffron Walden, " made the eighten
 
 44O ESSEX. [SAFFRON WALDEN. 
 
 day of Maye, 1525, and in the 17th year of HENRY the 8th., 
 between Dame JOHANE BRADBURY, on the oon partie, and 
 the Treasorer and Chambreleyns of the Fraternitie or gilde 
 of the Holy Trinite in the Parish Churche of Walden, on 
 the seconde partie, and the Abbott and Covent of the 
 Monastery of the same town, on the thred partie," that a 
 House and School-room were built by the " saide Dame 
 JOHANE and Master LECHE, opposite the Lane, called 
 * The Vicar's Lane? in the Town of Walden." And further, 
 that Lady BRADBURY thereby granted a rent-charge of 12. 
 per annum, out of the Manor of " Willynghall Spayne? in 
 the Countie of Essex," to the Gild of Walden " for the 
 supportacion of a Priest to say Mass, and to teach Children 
 Grammar in the School, after the order and use of Winchester 
 and Eton" 
 
 He was to be chosen by the Gilde, and examined b by the 
 Abbot and Vicar. 
 
 After a year's probation he was to retain the situation for 
 life, except in case of delinquency, or being promoted to any 
 " benefice with or without Cure of Souls." 
 
 In case of Infirmity he was to provide an Usher, at his own 
 charge. 
 
 He was to reside in the School-house, and was not to be 
 absent above 20 days in the year, and that by special license 
 of the Vicar. 
 
 This is to be paid by the Tenants, Lords or Farmers of the 
 Manor at the Town of Walden at two " Terms of the yere, on 
 the 1st of June, and 1st of December betweene the hours of ten 
 and eleven of the clock." And if it happen " the said annell 
 rent be hynde att any terme of payment aforesaide, in parte or 
 in alle, that then yt shall be liefulle to the said Treasorer and 
 Chamberleyns and to their Successors, and to their certain 
 Attorney into the aforesaid Manour to entre and distrayne, &c." 
 
 b The Master is now examined by The Master of QUEEN'S 
 COLLEGE, Cambridge. This custom most probably obtained 
 from the circumstance of Sir THOMAS SMITH having been edu- 
 cated at that College.
 
 SAFFRON WALDEN.] ESSEX. 441 
 
 The first Master of the School was WILLIAM DAWSON, C 
 Clerk, stiled in the Indenture " a profound Gramarion. 1 " 
 He afterwards became Sir WILLIAM DAWSON, and further 
 endowed the School with about five roods of meadow ground 
 lying almost immediately behind the School premises. 
 
 The learned Sir THOMAS SMITH,"* who was born at 
 Walden, and was Secretary to EDWARD the Sixth and Queen 
 ELIZABETH, had his early education at this School. He 
 purchased all the Gild of Walden for 531. .14.. 11, and 
 through his interest at Court the School was advanced to a 
 Royal Foundation. 6 
 
 c He was probably the author of the Epitaph upon Mr. 
 LECIIE. 
 
 d He introduced the culture of Saffron at Walden, from 
 whence it has it's present appellation. He was very partial to 
 his native Town, which he thus describes in his De Republica 
 Anglorum, " Walden, vel Saffron Walden a croco dictum, 
 oppidum in agro, blandissimo croco ridente, situm." 
 
 e STRYPE, in his life of Sir THOMAS SMITH, adds " with good 
 endowment from the King his Master, in the third year of his 
 reign ; when he granted to the School there two Mills, viz., a Corn 
 Mill near the Town, and a Malt Mill in it ; together with all the 
 emoluments, tolls, and benefits accrewing, and an annuity of ,12. 
 issuing out of the Manor of Willingale Spane, in Essex, for the 
 maintenance and support of the said School. This seems to be 
 but a grafting upon the ancient School here ; for I have received 
 from the Revd. person above mentioned (EDWARD NORTON), 
 the present Vicar of Walden, and he from the inspection of the 
 Town Writings, that there was anciently a School in this place, 
 and a Master and Usher over it, and that it was governed by 
 divers excellent orders for it's Six Forms. And that in the 14th 
 year of King Henry the 8th., one Dame JANE BRADBURY (for 
 why should these old Memorials be lost?) settled lO. per 
 annum upon it. That there was also a Tripartite Indenture for 
 the said School, dated August 24th betwixt Dame JANE BRAD- 
 BURY, Widow, Sister to JOHN LECHE, late Vicar of Walden, and 
 the Treasurer, and Chamberlains of the Guild of the Holy 
 Trinity in the Parish Church of Walden, and the Abbot and 
 Convent of the Monastery of the same Town; and that one 
 WILLIAM CAWSON (Dawson, in the Deed) had behaved himself
 
 442 ESSEX. [SAFFRON WALDEN. 
 
 In the 35th of ELIZABETH, 1593, PETER MANWOOD, 
 Esq., who had been also educated in this School, purchased 
 a piece of land, with a Cottage upon it, of about three acres, 
 called " The Slade" situate in the Parish of Walden, near 
 the road which leads from that place to Hadstock. This is 
 now let for 10. per annum. 
 
 Besides these Endowments there is some land at Tolles- 
 bury, in Essex, which now lets for 45. per annum; and 
 which pays a fourth of it's rent to the Schoolmasjter, so long 
 as he remains unbeneficed. 
 
 The present annual value of the School is <33..5..0, with 
 a house, School-room, and meadow. 
 
 All the children born in Walden, Little Chesterford, 
 Newport, and Widdington, are to be taught free, with the 
 exception of 4d. paid at their admission, for having their 
 names entered in the Schoolmaster's Book. 
 
 Over the door of the School-room is this Inscription, 
 " 1655 Aut disce, aut doce, aut accede" 
 
 The School-room has lately been repaired by The Cor- 
 poration, and ONE HUNDRED and FORTY boys are daily 
 taught therein on THE NATIONAL SYSTEM of EDUCATION. 
 
 so well in singing Mass, and teaching the School, that he was 
 elected when it was made a Free School." 
 
 The present most worthy Vicar of Walden, The Revd. 
 NICHOLAS BULL, has carefully examined all the Writings re- 
 specting the School, and finds no grant of Mills to it from King 
 EDWARD the Sixth, as stated above, But on the contrary, that 
 the Mills were given to the Corporation, according to the follow- 
 ing Grants, 
 
 12th May, 6 Hen. VIII. A grant of the Mill and Markett to 
 the Treasurer and Chamberleynes. 
 
 9th Jany. 15 Jac. I. Grant of the Markett and Mills in 
 Walden to THOMAS Earl of SUFFOLK. 
 
 16th Deer. Jac. I. THOMAS Earl of SUFFOLK and THEOPHILUS 
 Lord HOWARD their grant of the Market and Mill to FBANCIS 
 WILLIAMSON, and other Trustees, Jor the Corporation.
 
 SAFFRON WALDEN.] ESSEX. 443 
 
 The Author most gratefully records his obligation to 
 The Revd. NICHOLAS BULL, the present Vicar of Walden, 
 for this description which he was enabled to furnish from a 
 full and unreserved inspection of all the School Documents, 
 by the complaisance and enlarged sentiments of the pre- 
 sent worthy Mayor, JOSEPH COLLIN, Esq., and THE 
 CORPORATION. 

 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 CHIPPING CAMPDEN. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at CHIPPING CAMPDEN was 
 founded in the year 1487, by Mr. JOHNFEREBY alias VERBY, 
 who endowed it with a moiety of the Manor of Lynhara, in 
 the County of Oxford, and with a large Close, called " Finis 
 Close But this Estate was sold, and another at Barton 
 on the Heath, in the County of Warwick, was purchased 
 with the money, which was settled, by a Decree in Chancery, 
 in 1627, in Trustees, for the maintenance of a Master, 
 and Usher. The rental of this estate is now 100. per 
 annum. 
 
 A subsequent benefaction of an Estate at Gretton, near 
 Winchconibe, in the County of Gloucester, now producing 
 an annual rent of about 84., was made by a person now 
 unknown. 
 
 The original Conveyance and Statutes have been lost, for 
 time immemorial. 
 
 The School is open to all boys of the Parish without any 
 distinction indefinitely, free of all expense. .They are ad- 
 mitted by a Ticket signed by three of the Resident Trustees, 
 at seven years of age ; and may remain as long as their 
 Parents please. The average number of Scholars is between 
 30 and 40. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the system of edu- 
 cation is similar to that of ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 There is an Exhibition every Fourth year, tenable by a 
 Free boy of the School properly qualified, at Pembroke 
 College, Oxford, of the value of $Q. per annum, which was 
 founded by GEORGE TOWNSEND, Esq., in 1683. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOSEPH WOR- 
 GAN, A. B , whose Salary is 50. per annum, with a House
 
 
 
 CAMPDEN.] GLOUCESTER. 445 
 
 rent free, and clear of all taxes and repairs. This Gentle- 
 man takes a limited number of Pupils, at 30. per annum 
 each. 
 
 The Second Master, who is a Layman, and teaches 
 writing and arithmetic, is now restrained from taking Board- 
 ers. His Salary is about 38. per annum. 
 
 There are THIRTEEN TRUSTEES, Six of whom are Re- 
 sident, and Seven Non-resident. 
 
 ROBERT HARRIS, President of Trinity College, Oxford, 
 was educated here.
 
 446 GLOUCESTER. [CHELTENHAM. 
 
 CHELTENHAM. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, and HOSPITAL, at CHELTENHAM, 
 were founded by RICHARD PATES, Esq., of Gloucester, in 
 the year 1574; who endowed THE SCHOOL with 16. a 
 year for the Master, and 4. for the Usher ; payable out of 
 lands which he gave for the support of these Charities to 
 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, in Oxford, who nominate the 
 Master and Usher, and the Bishop of the Diocese approves. 
 The Master has also a House appropriated for his residence. 
 
 In 1683, GEORGE TOWNSEND, Esq., founded EIGHT EX- 
 HIBITIONS at Pembroke College, Oxford, for Scholars from 
 the Grammar Schools of Gloucester, Cheltenham, Campden, 
 and North Leach, of 50. per annum each, for Eight years. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter. 
 
 It is stated, " that the Parishioners of this Place are much 
 dissatisfied with the management of their School, and there 
 is a dispute between them and the present Master." 
 
 Mr. PATES'S heirs nominate three men and three women 
 to THE HOSPITAL, with a Stipend of I2d. each weekly, 4d. 
 quarterly, and 16*. a year for a coat for each of the men, 
 and a gown for each of the women. They have also id. 
 weekly each, from another donor.
 
 CIKENCESTEB.] GLOUCESTER. 447 
 
 CIRENCESTER. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at CIRENCESTER was built 
 and founded by THOMAS RUTHAL, Bishop of Durham, a 
 native of this Town, about the year 1508 ; and endowed by 
 him with J. per annum., which being absorbed amongst 
 the Chantry lands in the reign of HENRY the Eighth, com- 
 plaint was made in the second of EDWARD the Sixth, 1548, 
 to Sir WALTER MILDMAY and ROBERT KEYLEWAY, Esq., 
 his Majesty's Commissioners for the settlement [of Schools, 
 who directed the like sum to be paid out of the Exchequer 
 to the Master. 
 
 JOHN JONES, Gentleman, of Duntsborne, by his Will, 
 dated the 12th of August, 1508, gave Six houses for mass 
 for his Soul for Sixty years, and afterwards for Charitable 
 uses, out of which 8. per annum were to be paid to the 
 Master ; which bequest was confirmed by a Decree in 
 Chancery, in the first year of the reign of King JAMES the. 
 First, 1603. 
 
 In the Fifteenth of ELIZABETH, 1573, THOMAS HELME, 
 then Master, after " much trouble," got .13. per annum 
 more to be allowed out of the Exchequer ; and the two pay- 
 ments of <7- an( l ^13. are now made out of the Land 
 Revenues of the Crown. 
 
 The Master has also a good House, which is kept in re- 
 pair for him. 
 
 The late Master JOHN WASHBOURNE, D. D., Fellow of 
 Magdalene College, Oxford, who died in 1806, had been 
 Master nearly FORTY YEARS. 
 
 Among the eminent men who have been educated at this 
 School, may be enumerated, 
 
 CHARLES BRANDON TRYE, Esq., late Senior Surgeon 
 of The Infirmary at Gloucester.
 
 448 GLOUCESTER. [CIRENCESTER. 
 
 CALEB HILLIER PARRY, M. D., late one of the Physi- 
 cians of The General Infirmary at Bath. 
 
 The Revd. JAMBS DALLAWAY, M. B., of Trinity Col- 
 lege, Oxford, author of " Constantinople, ancient 
 and modern/' &c. &c. 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 GLOUCESTER.] GLOUCESTER. 449 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL SCHOOL. 
 
 THE SCHOOL of THE CATHEDRAL, commonly called THE 
 COLLEGE SCHOOL, is of very ancient origin, being co-eval 
 with The Abbey. 
 
 By the Twenty-fifth Chapter of the STATUTES and 
 ORDERS, for the better rule and government of THE CATHE- 
 DRAL CHTTRCH of GLOUCESTER, prescribed by the Command 
 of King HENRY the Eighth, in 1545, it is ordained, 
 
 " That Piety and good Learning may alway spring, grow, 
 flourish, and in due time prove fruitful in our Church, to the 
 Glory of God, and the good and honour of the Commonwealth, 
 We will and ordain, that by the Dean, or in his absence, by the 
 Sub-Dean and Chapter, one be chosen who is skilful in Greek 
 and Latin, of good fame, and a godly life, well qualified for 
 teaching, who may train up in Piety and good Learning, those 
 Children who shall resort to our School to learn Grammar. And 
 let him have the first charge, and be the CHIEF SCHOOL-MASTER. 
 
 * ' And that there be one other chosen, of good repute, and of 
 a virtuous life, well skilled in the Latin tongue, and who hath a 
 good faculty in teaching, who shall instruct the Youths under 
 the Head Master, in the first rudiments of Grammar, and shall 
 therefore be called the UNDER MASTER, or USHER. 
 
 '" And we will, that those Instructors of Youth do carefully 
 and faithfully observe those Rules and Orders which the Dean, 
 or in his absence, the Sub-Dean and Chapter, shall think fit to 
 prescribe unto him. 
 
 " But if they prove idle, negligent, or not fit to teach, let 
 them be expelled, and deprived of their places, after a third ad- 
 monition from the Dean, or in his absence, from the Sub-Dean 
 and Chapter. 
 
 ' ' They shall be obliged by Oath, that they will faithfully per- 
 form all duties belonging to their places." 
 
 Upon the foundation of THE CHAPTER, the Abbey Li- 
 brary was converted to a School; which ELIZABETH WIL- 
 SHIRE afterwards repaired, and made more convenient for 
 that purpose. 
 
 TOI,. j. G g
 
 450 GLOUCESTER, [GLOUCESTER. 
 
 In 1686, Mr. WHEELER (then Head Master) begun the 
 establishment of a LIBRARY for the use of the Scholars, 
 which is still in existence, and contains many useful and 
 good Books ; They also enjoy part of the common Orchard 
 of the Abbey, as a Play-ground. 
 
 There is no Foundation emolument at either of the Uni- 
 versities, connected with this School. The only Children 
 who have a right to be taught gratis here, are the Eight 
 Chorister Boys ; who may be taught English, Latin, Greek, 
 and Arithmetic, and Music, by the Organist, and are so 
 taught regularly, of course ; if their Parents do not make it 
 their request to have less attention paid to the learned lan- 
 guages, that they may have more time bestowed upon ac- 
 compts ; for which reason they sometimes desire, that their 
 Childrens 1 education may be left more in their own disposal, 
 under Masters in the City, more particularly fitting them for 
 mercantile occupations. The other Scholars are usually 
 private Pupils, to the number of 25 or 30. 
 
 The Classical education pursued here, is from the rudi- 
 ments of Latin and Greek to the extent of Sophocles, Euri- 
 pides, &c., and the best of the Latin Authors. 
 
 This School is entitled, with the Grammar Schools of 
 Cheltenham, Campden, and North Leach, to EIGHT EXHI- 
 BITIONS of 50. per annum each, at Pembroke College, 
 Oxford, founded by GEORGE TOWNSEND, Esq., of Rowell, 
 in 1683. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. ARTHUR EVANS, 
 whose Salary has been increased beyond the Statutable pay- 
 ment of 20. per annum, and a House. The chief emolu- 
 ments to both the Masters arise from the opportunity of 
 taking Pupils, and the Ecclesiastical Preferments which The 
 Dean and Chapter are careful to confer upon them. 
 
 The Usher or Under-Master's Office is at this time (Feby. 
 1818) vacant: the whole Duty being performed, and the 
 Stipend received for the present, by Mr. EVANS and his
 
 GLOUCESTER.] GLOUCESTER. 451 
 
 own Assistant ; until the Dean, who appoints the Usher, is 
 able to complete a plan maturing for execution, in respect 
 to the new intended Under-Master. He has also a House, 
 and the Statu table Salary of 10. has been increased. 
 
 The Cathedral School of Gloucester has been for many 
 years in great repute and estimation. The names of SPARKES 
 and BISHOP, two of it's late Masters, are still holden in 
 much deserved respect. EDWARD FOWLER, Bishop of 
 Gloucester, WILLIAM LORT MANSBLL, D. D., the present 
 Bishop of Bristol, PHILIP DAUNCEY, one of the King's 
 Counsel, and very many other important names might be 
 enumerated in the List of it's Alumni.
 
 452 GLOUCESTER. [GLOUCESTER. 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 SAINT MARY de CRYPT SCHOOL. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of ST. MARY DE CRYPT, 
 which stands upon the West part of St Mary's Church- 
 yard, was erected, in pursuance of the last Will of Alderman 
 JOHN COOK, dated the llth of May, 1528, by his Widow 
 Dame JOAN COOK : Who, on the llth of January, 1540, 
 by Indenture of three parts, between herself, The Mayor 
 and Burgesses of Gloucester, and The Bailiffs and Citizens 
 of Worcester, vested in the said Mayor and Burgesses, her 
 manor, messuagess and lands in Poddesmede, Hempstead, 
 and Elmore, to provide with the rents thereof, an honest and 
 learned Schoolmaster for this School, to be chosen by the 
 Mayor, Recorder, and two Senior Aldermen, and to re- 
 ceive a yearly Stipend of 1 0., if a Priest, but 9. only, if 
 a Layman. 
 
 The Mayor, Recorder, two Senior Aldermen, two She- 
 riffs, Town-Clerk, Four Stewards, Sword-bearer, four Ser- 
 jeants at Mace, and the Five Porters of the Gates, covenant 
 to survey the School once every year between Easter and 
 Whitsuntide, and to cause the necessary reparations to be 
 made, for the trouble of doing which, certain small sums are 
 allowed. 
 
 The rents of other lands and tenements her Ladyship 
 directed to be paid to the poor people of THE HOSPITAL of 
 ST. BARTHOLOMEW, and to be laid out upon the WEST- 
 BRIDGE and CAUSEWAY, between Gloucester and Over. 
 
 The Bailiff, Aldermen, and Chamberlain of the City of 
 Worcester are appointed by The Founder as Trustees, to 
 see that the Mayor and Burgesses of Gloucester survey the 
 School, for which they have a small Annuity : and, if the
 
 GLOUCESTER.] GLOUCESTER. 453 
 
 latter at any time neglect to perform the duties of their Trust, 
 they forfeit 10. to The Corporation of Worcester for 
 every default. 
 
 In 1611, Alderman LAWRENCE WILSHIRE gave 100., 
 for the establishment of an Usher in this School. 
 
 In 1683, GEORGE TOWNSEND, Esq. gave Two perpetual 
 EXHIBITIONS, for the maintenance of Two Scholars at Pem- 
 broke College, in Oxford, for Eight years, to be elected by 
 The Mayor, Six Senior Aldermen, and the Head Master, 
 of 50. per annum each. 
 
 Mr. WILLIAM MASSINGER, to whom with several other 
 persons many Feoffments had been made by Alderman 
 COOK, for the purposes before mentioned, endeavoured to get 
 all the lands and premises for his own use, But, by a Decree 
 in Chancery, made on the 12th of February, 1552, and 
 exemplified on the 7th of May following, he was obliged to 
 deliver up to The Corporation all the Evidences and other 
 Documents, belonging to the same, which now " lie among 
 the Archives of the City in the Custody of the Town Clerk." 
 
 " As to the School itself, it is now in every sense a Private 
 Softool ; the exertions of the Instructor being rewarded by 
 payments from the friends of the Pupils." 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. R. SKILLERN. 
 
 Among the Distinguished Characters who have been edu- 
 cated at this School, must be enumerated, 
 
 JOHN MOORE, D. D., late Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 DANIEL LYSONS, M. D., formerly Fellow of All Souls 
 College, Oxford, and Physician to The General 
 Infirmary at Bath. 
 JOHN LiGHTFOOT, the Botanist.
 
 454 GLOUCESTER. [NORTH LEACH. 
 
 NORTH LEACH. 
 
 THE GEAMMAE SCHOOL of NORTH LEACH was founded in 
 the year 1559, by HUGH WESTWOOD, Esq. 
 
 The Preamble to an Act of Parliament obtained in 
 the Fourth year of the reign of King JAMES the First, 1606, 
 recites, 
 
 " That whereas HUGH WESTWOOD, late of Chedworth, in the 
 County of Gloucester, Esquire, deceased, was in his life-time 
 seised in his demesne, as of fee, of and in the Rectory and Par- 
 sonage Impropriate of Chedworth aforesaid, whereunto the 
 Advowson, Patronage and Right of Presentation of the Vicarage 
 of Chedworth aforesaid, then was, and yet is appendant and 
 belonging, and of and in all manner of Glebe lands, tenths, 
 tythes, pensions, portions, oblations, obventions, profits, com- 
 modities, and hereditaments, with the appurtenances, of what- 
 soever nature, "kind or degree they be in Chedworth aforesaid, or 
 elsewhere to the said Rectory or Parsonage of Cbedworth 
 belonging or appertaining, and of and in one messuage or tene- 
 ment, and one close and two yard- lands and a half, with the 
 appurtenances, in Chedworth aforesaid, late in the occupation of 
 one JAMES GRIFFITH, and so seised, as aforesaid, by his last 
 Will and Testament in writing, dated the first of May, in the 
 first year of the reign of our late Sovereign Lady Queen ELIZA- 
 BETH, did, amongst other things, give, will, devise, and bequeath 
 all and every the said Parsonage and Premises, with the appur- 
 tenances, unto The Right Honble. Edmund, then Lord CHAN- 
 DOS, Sir GILES POOL, Knt., Sir THOMAS THROGMORTON, Knt.,
 
 NORTH LEACH.] GLOUCESTER. 455 
 
 Sir NICHOLAS ARNOLDE, Knt., WILLIAM REPE, WALTER BAS- 
 KERVILE, and HENRY HODGKINS, Esquires, THOMAS MARSHALL, 
 THOMAS WATSON, WILLIAM PARTRIDGE, Gentlemen, THOMAS 
 APARRY and HUGH RATCLIFFE, Yeomen, and to their Heirs 
 and Assigns for ever, to the only use and intent that the said 
 Devisees, their heirs and assigns, by and with the profits of the 
 premises, should found, erect, and maintain one FREE GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL for ever in the Town of North Leech ; By which Will 
 the nominations of the School-master of the said School were 
 appointed unto the heirs of the said Devisor ; And also the 
 determinations of all the doubts and ambiguities that might 
 arise touching the said Will, were referred to the Justices of 
 Assize of the said County for the time being, to the end the 
 same might be by them composed, without any controversy in 
 Law, and shortly after the said Devisor died ; after whose 
 decease the said Devisees entered, and were of the said premises 
 seised, by virtue of the said Will : And the Inhabitants of the 
 said Town of North- Leech, according to the direction of the 
 said Will, purchased and procured to be conveyed in Fee to 
 some of themselves, and other Gentlemen of the Country, as 
 Feoffees in Trust for the said School, a convenient House, Gar- 
 den, Backside and little Close, to be the School-house and 
 Habitation of the School-master : After which all the said 
 Devisees, but the said THOMAS APARRY died ; and he surviving 
 all the rest of the said Devisees, and being by virtue of Survivor 
 solely seised of the said Parsonage, and other devised Premises, 
 sought to defraud the said Trust in him reposed, by making a 
 lease of the said parsonage, and other the premises, TO ONE OF 
 HIS SoNS,yor a very small rent, and by conveying the reversion and 
 inheritance thereof to one other of his Sons ; And also ROBERT 
 WESTWOOD, now likewise deceased, then Cousin and Heir of the 
 said Devisor, did enter upon the s:ud Parsonage and Premises 
 devised, challenging the same as Heir unto the said Devisor, and 
 seeking to impeach the said Will, which tended to the utter 
 overthrow of the said Charitable and good intent of the said 
 Devisor ; Whereupon the then School-master and the Inhabit- 
 ants of North-Leech aforesaid, exhibited their Bill of Complaint 
 into the High Court of Chancery : And Sir CHRISTOPHER HAT- 
 TON, Knt., the then Lord Chancellor of England, being informed 
 of the intent and purport of the said Will, whereby all contro- 
 versies thereupon growing, were referred to the Justices of 
 Assize of the said County of Gloucester, directed his Letters to 
 Sir ROGER MANWOOD, Knt., Lord Chief Baron of the Exche- 
 quer, and FRANCIS WIXDHAM, one of the Justices of the Com- 
 mon Pleas, then Justices of Assize of the said County, for the 
 hearing and final ordering of the said cause, to the end that what
 
 456 GLOUCESTER. [NORTH LEACH. 
 
 they should think fit, should stand and be taken as an Order of 
 the said Court in that behalf: Who, upon mature and deliber- 
 ate hearing and consideration of the said cause, thought fit, and 
 so certified into the said Court, That the School should be incor- 
 porated, and that the said Parsonage and Premises should be 
 conveyed to the said Schoolmaster and his Successors, And 
 that the Provost, and Scholars of the QUEENS' COLLEGE in the 
 University of Oxford, should name, order, visit and displace the 
 School-master of the said School, and his Successors, for the 
 time being : And that the reformations of all abuses, either in 
 ihe'saidCollege or School-master, should be referred to the Justices 
 of Assize of the said County, for the time being, or one of them : 
 Which said opinion and direction of the said Justices of As- 
 size, was accordingly ordered by the said Lord Chancellor, and 
 High' Court of Chancery, and after directed to Sir JOHN PUCK- 
 ERING, Knt., then Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, and since 
 confirmed by The Right Honble. Sir THOMAS EGERTON, Knt., 
 Lord ELLESMERE, now Lord Chancellor of England, then Lord 
 keeper of the Great Seal j 
 
 It was therefore enacted, 
 
 " That the said School of North-Leech, shall from hence- 
 forth stand and be incorporated, established and founded in 
 name and in deed, a Body Politick and Corporate, to have conti- 
 nuance for ever, by the name of " THE SCHOOL-MASTER and 
 USHER of THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of HUGH WESTWOOD, 
 Esq., in the Town of NORTH-LEECH," and by that name shall 
 have, hold and enjoy all and every the said Parsonage and Pre- 
 mises, Yards, Lands, Messuages, Tenements and Hereditaments, 
 with the appurtenances intended by the said HUGH WESTWOOD, 
 and by the said Inhabitants of the said School (the Patronage of 
 theVicarage of Chedworth only excepted) and the reversion and 
 reversions of the same, and that all and every rent and rents 
 reserved in any demise or demises thereof, or thereupon made, 
 the Statute of mortmain, or any other Law or Statutes to the 
 contrary in any wise notwithstanding : 
 
 " And by the same name shall have power, ability and capa- 
 city to demise, lease, and grant their possessions and heredita- 
 ments, and to take, acquire and purchase, and to sue, and to be 
 sued, and to do, perform and execute all and every other lawful 
 act and thing, good, necessary, or profitable for the said Incor- 
 poration, in as full and ample manner to all intents, constructions 
 and puposes, as any other Incorporations or Body Politick or 
 Corporate fully and perfectly founded and incorporated, may 
 do :"
 
 NORTH LEACH.] GLOUCESTER. 457 
 
 The first Schoolmaster, WILLIAM LICKEBARROW, B.A.,and 
 the first Usher, JOHN STONE, B. A., of the said School, and their 
 Successors, to have a Common Seal, " in which shall be 
 engraven the Arms and Name of the said HUGH WESTWOOD." 
 
 It was also enacted, " That the said Provost and Scholars of 
 the QUEEN'S COLLEGE in the said University of Oxford, and 
 their Successors for the time being, shall have full power and 
 lawful authority, to nominate and appoint, and shall nominate 
 and appoint from time to time, when and as often as the place of 
 Schoolmaster of the said School by death, resignation, depriva- 
 tion, or otherwise, shall become void, and within one month 
 after such avoidance, by writing under their Common and Col- 
 lege Seal, one learned and meet man, being a Graduate of the 
 University of Oxford, to (be) the Schoolmaster of the said 
 School ;" 
 
 " And in case the said Provost and Scholars shall not 
 within one Month after such avoidance make such nomination 
 and appointment as aforesaid, that then and so often the Jus- 
 tices of Assize of the said County for the time being, within one 
 month after such default, shall and may by writing under their 
 hands and seals nominate and appoint some meet and learned 
 man, being a Graduate as aforesaid, to the place of School-mas- 
 ter of the said School." 
 
 In like manner the Provost and Scholars are to nominate and 
 appoint some learned and meet man, " having been trained up 
 in the said University of Oxford," to be Usher of the said School, 
 at every avoidance : And in default thereof, that then the Jus* 
 tices of Assize shall appoint the same : 
 
 The Provost and Scholars are empowered to set down and 
 prescribe such Orders, Rules, and Statutes for the government 
 of the School, as to them shall seem meet and convenient : 
 And also, " shall have full power and authority to visit the said 
 School, and to order, reform and redress all disorders and abuses, 
 in and touching the government of the same, and further to 
 censure, suspend and deprive the Schoolmasters and Ushers of 
 the said School for the time being, as to them shall seem just, fit, 
 and convenient :" 
 
 The Provost and Scholars may also appoint <c how the rents 
 and profits of the premisses shall be proportioned, divided, and 
 distributed to, among, and between the School-master and Usher 
 of the said School for the time being, so as the whole rent be 
 disposed between them the said School-master and Usher of the 
 said School." 
 
 The Endowment consists of 1 1 7 acres of Land, and the
 
 458 GLOUCESTER. [NORTH LEACH. 
 
 Rectorial Tythes of the Parish of Ched worth, now of the 
 annual value of 600. 
 
 The School is open to the boys of this Town, and the 
 Parish of Chedworth, indefinitely, free of expense. They 
 are admitted so soon as they can read the Bible fluently, 
 and are not liable to superannuation. Each boy at his 
 Entrance pays 5s. to the Head Master, and 2s..6d. to the 
 Usher. There are at present only Three Free boys in the 
 School, and the average number does not exceed four or 
 Jive, a circumstance which is stated to arise, from their 
 Education being " confined entirely to the Classics? This 
 is a restriction on the part of The Founder which is to be 
 regretted, as the Inhabitants of this place, and of Chedworth, 
 are chiefly in an humble station of life, and consequently 
 can have but little motive to give their sons a Classical 
 Education. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the system of In- 
 struction is nearfy similar to that of ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 There is ON.E EXHIBITION, given by GEORGE TOWNSEND, 
 Esq., for four years, of the annual value of 50. from this 
 School to Pembroke College, Oxford. The Exhibitioner is 
 chosen by The Head Master, the Vicar, and the Bailiff of 
 North Leach. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOHN NELSON, 
 M.A. 
 
 The present Usher is, The Revd. THOMAS TOEDIFFE. 
 
 No Boarders have been taken by either of the Masters, 
 for the last ten or twelve years.
 
 CHIPPING SODBURY.] GLOUCESTER. 459 
 
 CHIPPING SODBURY. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at CHIPPING SODBURY has a 
 provision for a Master of 20. per annum, from certain 
 lands in the Parishes of Chipping Sodbury, Old Sodbury, 
 and Wickwar, as settled by a Decree in Chancery, in the 
 30th of CHARLES the Second, 1 679. 
 
 Mr. ROBERT DAVIS, of Little Sodbury, who died on the 
 16th of May, 1680, added 10. a year to the Master's 
 Salary. 
 
 And there have been further Donations from Dr. HARD- 
 WICKE, and Mr. SAMUEL HARDWICKE, late of the City of 
 Bristol, but natives of this place, towards providing a House 
 for the Master.
 
 460 GLOUCESTER. [TETBUKY 
 
 TETBURY. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at TETBURY was founded in 
 the reign of King JAMES the First, by Sir WILLIAM RUM- 
 NEY, Alderman and Sheriff of London, who was a native of 
 this Town, to which he gave a Lease for years of the Profits 
 of the Fairs and Markets, and the produce was applied 
 towards purchasing the Advowson of the Church, the Tolls 
 of the Borough, the Manor and Commons, which were 
 bought of GEORGE Lord BERKELEY. 
 
 The Trustees continued the School until the death of Mr. 
 HENRY WIGHTWICK, since whose time no Master has been 
 appointed, as the Tolls of the Markets have not been suffi- 
 cient to raise a Salary for one. 
 
 Mr. OLDHAM, the Poet, received part of his education at 
 this School, as did Dr. BISSE, Bishop of Hereford. 
 
 Dr. JOSEPH TRAPP, born at Cherington in this neighbour- 
 hood, Minister of Christ Church in London, and Author of 
 several valuable books, was here qualified for the University, 
 as also Mr. GORE, formerly of Sopworth in Wiltshire, a 
 Gentleman remarkable for his Learning.
 
 TEWKESBCR?.] GLOUCESTER. 461 
 
 TEWKESBURY. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in TEWKESBURY was founded 
 by WILLIAM FERRERS, Citizen and Mercer of London, and 
 a native of this place, in 1625 ; and endowed by him with 
 20. per annum out of his estate at Shillingthorpe, in the 
 County of Lincoln. 
 
 In the Charter of King WILLIAM the Third granted to 
 the Town and Borough of Tewkesbury, in 17 01, there is a 
 special clause, which directs, that, 
 
 ee For the better education and instruction of boys and youth 
 within the same Borough, Liberty and Precinct thereof, in good 
 arts, learning, virtue and education, perpetually to be educated 
 and informed," from henceforth there shall be within the Borough 
 aforesaid, Liberty and Precinct of the same, one Grammar 
 School, to be called " THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of WILLIAM 
 FERRERS, Citizen and Mercer of London, in TEWKESBURY, in 
 the County of Gloucester j" to consist of one Master, and one 
 Usher, and Scholars in the same School : 
 
 And that it's Possessions and Revenues might be the better 
 managed, His Majesty ordained, that the Bailiffs, Justices of the 
 Peace, Chamberlain of the Borough, and the Town Clerk in 
 Tewkesbury, and their Successors, " henceforth for ever, shall 
 be, and be called GOVERNORS of the GOODS, POSSESSIONS, and 
 REVENUES of the aforesaid Free Grammar School of WILLIAM 
 FERRERS, in Tewkesbury, in the County of Gloucester ; " con- 
 stituting them one Body Corporate and Politick ; with liberty to 
 have a Common Seal ; to plead and be impleaded j to elect and 
 appoint " one honest man, learned and fearing God," to be 
 Master of the School, and " one other man discreet, and fit," to 
 be Usher of the same, who shall continue in their offices, 
 " during the good pleasure of those the Governors, and their 
 Successors, for the tune being :" 
 
 The Governors were further empowered to make fit and 
 wholesome Statutes in writing, for the government of the same ; 
 and to receive and possess any other Revenues, not exceeding in 
 the whole the clear yearly value of 30. 
 
 RICHARD ESTCOURT, well known both as an Actor and a 
 Writer, was educated here. 
 
 No information can be procured either from the Head 
 Master, or the Town Clerk.
 
 463 GLOUCESTER. [THORNBURY- 
 
 THORNBURY. 
 
 Of the FRBK GKAMMAR SCHOOL at THORNBURY the Author 
 is not able to give any description.
 
 WICKWAR.] GLOUCESTER. 463 
 
 WICKWAR. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WICKWAR was founded 
 by Mr. ALEXANDER HOSE A, who, by his Will, in 1684, 
 endowed it with a good House in Gray's Inn Lane, London, 
 and also gave 600. to build a School-house for the resi- 
 dence of the Master. The Salary is 28. a year. 
 
 Mr. HOSE A is said to have been a poor boy apprenticed 
 to a Weaver in this Town, and upon a particular day in the 
 year, when it was the custom with the Inhabitants to make 
 a dish, called " Whitepot" his mistress sent him with a pan- 
 full to the bakehouse. Poor HOSEA had the misfortune to 
 break the pan, which so terrified him that he durst not 
 return to his master, but set out immediately for London, 
 where he was prosperous, and acquired a large fortune.
 
 464 GLOUCESTER. [WINCHCOMBE. 
 
 WINCHCOMBE. 
 
 THE KING'S SCHOOL. 
 
 THE ROYAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL in WINCHCOMBE is of 
 ancient date. 
 
 The following is a copy of an authentic Document now 
 in the possession of The Revd. I. J. LATES, Vicar of this 
 place. 
 
 " The County > In Bundello intitular* Salaf Vicaf Curator 
 of Gloucester. j e * Ludimag~r Solut" &c. remanen* in Offi<5* 
 nuper Cur* Augmentacbn RevencoiT Corone Reg* apud West- 
 monastef (inter als) continetur ut sequitur, 
 
 vizt. In the accompt of the Lord CHIDIOCK POWLETT, Receiver 
 General of the Revenues of the late Queen ELIZABETH, in the 
 said County, for the 14th. yeere of her reign. To wit, 
 amongst the allowances of the said accompt is conteyned, as 
 followeth, 
 
 "Idem computat~ in Annuitat THOM.S " 
 ANGELL Ludimag 1 Schole Grdmmattic' 
 in Wynchelcombe pro stipend et vad"* 
 suo ad x lb . p" anrT sibi et Successoribus 
 
 Wychelcombe 
 
 nup"* r 
 Monasterium. 
 
 suis Ludimag r concess~ ut patet p~ quan- 
 dam indenturam inter Abb~em Winchel- 
 combe pred~ et nuper Abb"*em de Hayles 
 
 fact, gereif dat xvij Septemb"* anno xiij 
 Henrici viij vi . Sic eis pro Te"*rio vite eoq e 
 concess* viz*, in AFloue humo"i hoc anno 
 _ut in ann* precederT. 
 " The said Stipend hath bin constantly paid to the School- 
 master there for the time being, from yeere to yeere, out of the 
 Revenues of the said County of Gloucester by the Receiver 
 thereof, ever since the DissolucVm of the said Monastery, untill 
 the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel 1650 (except only for 
 half a yeer ended at Michaelmas 1642, and one whole yeere 
 ended at Michaelmas 1643, in which time it was not paid by 
 reason of the Troubles). As by the Records remayning in my 
 Custody it doth appeare." Ex* p~ Ja. Symes Audif .
 
 WINCHCOMBE.] GLOUCESTER. 465 
 
 The 10. is still paid annually, about Michaelmas, by the 
 Receiver General of the Land Revenue. 
 
 The number of boys to be instructed has not been defined. 
 More than Twenty, however, have usually been admitted. 
 They are from the Parish generally, and of a description 
 similar to those of Lady CHANDOs 1 Free School. 
 
 vcr.. '. 
 
 Hh
 
 466 GLOUCESTER. [WINCHCOMBE. 
 
 WINCHCOMBE. 
 
 LADY FRANCES CHANDOS' FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 The principal GRAMMAR SCHOOL in WINCHCOMBE was 
 founded by Lady FRANCES CHANDOS, in the year 1622, and 
 endowed with a School house in St. Nicholas's Lane, and 
 with certain lands formerly belonging to the Sexton's office 
 in the Monastery, then amounting to 18 a ..2 r ..36 p ., which 
 have since been commuted by an Act of Inclosure for 19 a . 
 or thereabouts, and have lately produced about 52. per 
 annum for the maintenance of a Master, and the education 
 of FOURTEEN boys, to be born in the Town of Winchcombe. 
 In 1815, THOMAS BAGHOT DB LA BERE, Esq., then sole 
 surviving TRUSTEE, enfeoffed 
 
 CHARLES HANBURY TRACY, Esq. 
 JOHN BROWN, Esq. 
 WILLIAM LAWRENCE, Esq. 
 REGINALD WVNNIATT, M. A. 
 THOMAS WELLES, Clerk. 
 ROBERT LAWRENCE TOWNSEND, D. D., 
 in whom the Trust is now vested. 
 
 The age of the admission of Scholars has usually been 
 eight ; and the nomination has, for many years past, been 
 left with the Master, although vested in the Trustees. 
 
 The Inhabitants of Winchcombe at present consisting 
 principally of small Shop-keepers and Labourers, the system 
 of Education has of necessity been exclusively confined to 
 reading, writing, and arithmetic; not a single individual 
 having offered himself, to whom the Classics could have been 
 acceptable. 
 
 The present Master, The Revd. I. J. LATES, has there-
 
 WINCHCOMBE.] GLOUCESTER. 467 
 
 fore very laudably exceeded the number prescribed ; so that 
 there are generally from 20 to 24 boys daily receiving such 
 Instruction, as is commensurate with their ci.ndition. 
 
 THE KING'S School, and Lady CHANDOS' School are now, 
 and have usually been holden by The Vicar, who constantly 
 employs an Assistant.
 
 468 GLOUCESTER. [WOTTON. 
 
 WOTTON UNDER-EDGE. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WOTTON UNDER-EDGE 
 is of very ancient origin. 
 
 By Letters Patent under the Great Seal of England, 
 dated in the 8th year of the reign of King RICHARD the 
 Second, 1385, His Majesty granted his Royal Licence to 
 KATHERINE Lady BERKELEY, Widow, to found and endow 
 a FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WOTTON UNDER-EDGE, to 
 consist of a Master, and Two Poor Scholars, and to endow 
 the same with certain real Estates as therein mentioned : 
 
 The School was soon afterwards founded and endowed by 
 Her: 
 
 It escaped the Dissolution under HENRY the Eighth, but 
 in the reign of King JAMES the First, doubts having been 
 entertained whether the Revenues of the School were not 
 become vested in the Crown, by the Statute made in the 
 first year of King EDWARD the Sixth, intituled, " An Act 
 for the Dissolution of Chauntries," a Petition was presented 
 to King JAMES for the re-establishment of the School. And 
 the Petition being referred by His Majesty to the then 
 Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, an Information was 
 by their direction exhibited in The Court of Chancery by 
 the Attorney General, against JOHN SMITH, and other 
 Lessees of parts of the possessions of the School, for the 
 avoiding such Leases, and for the re-establishment and gene- 
 ral regulation of the School. And the Cause coming on to 
 be heard, on the 20th of Janry., 1622, in The Court of 
 Chancery, Sir THOMAS CHAMBERLAYNE, one of the Judges 
 of the Court of King's Bench, and Sir WILLIAM JONES, 
 one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, being 
 present and assisting at the said Hearing :
 
 GLOUCESTER. 4G9 
 
 It was declared, that all Titles to the said lands under any 
 Letters Patent, as also all Leases of those lands, were 
 void : 
 
 And it was decreed, that all the lands and possessions of 
 the School should be surrendered unto His Majesty, that 
 lie same might be re-granted, or such parts as should be fit 
 to be employed for the re-establishment of the School, and 
 for the maintenance of a greater number of Scholars according 
 to the increase of the Revenues, as occasion thereafter should 
 be, And directions were given, as to the future mode of 
 granting Leases of the said Lands : 
 
 But it seems that the decree ordered a beneficial Lease 
 of part of the estates to be granted to JOHN SMITH, partly 
 on account of some of the lands lying intermixed with his 
 freehold lands : 
 
 That the possessions of the School having, in pursuance 
 of the said Decree, been granted and surrendered unto His 
 Majesty, certain Letters Patent, dated the 24th of May> 
 1625, were passed under the Great Seal, Whereby, after 
 reciting the matters aforesaid, it was ordained, 
 
 That there should be a GRAMMAR SCHOOL in the Town 
 of Wotton Under-Edge, for the education and instruction 
 of Children and Youths in Grammar and other good Learn- 
 ing, to be called, " THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of The 
 Lord BERKELEY, in WOTTON UNDER-EDGE," and that 
 the same should consist of one Master, and Five or more 
 Poor Scholars, who should be a Body Corporate, have per- 
 petual Succession, and be capable of holding lands, and 
 certain persons therein named were thereby appointed the 
 first Master and Five first Scholars of the School, to con- 
 tinue in their places until their respective deaths, or until 
 they should be removed or displaced according to the Let. 
 ters Patent and the Ordinances and Constitutions therein 
 expressed, in which events it was declared, that it should 
 be lawful for GEORGE Lord BERKELEY, and the Heirs male
 
 470 GLOUCESTER. [ 
 
 of his body, and for default of such issue, for the Lord of 
 the Manor of Wotton Under-Edge for the time being, or 
 his or their Guardian during Minority, within Sixty days 
 after the vacancy to appoint a new Master or Scholars, 
 And, in case such appointment was not made within Sixty 
 days, power was given to the Mayor of the Borough of 
 Wotton Under-Edge for the time being, to nominate and 
 appoint on such vacancy : 
 
 And all the Messuages, Lands, and Hereditaments were 
 confirmed to the Master and Scholars to hold unto them, 
 their Heirs and Successors : 
 
 And it appearing by the Decree, that the Rents reserved 
 to the Master and Scholars would for the present amount to 
 47. per annum, it was appointed, that the Stipend of the 
 Master should be 26..13..4. per annum, and that the Sti- 
 pend of each of the Scholars should be 4. : 
 
 And that as the Rents of the School should increase, so 
 likewise the number of Scholars should be increased in man- 
 ner therein after directed : 
 
 And that when the Revenues should be increased, whereby 
 one or more Scholars above Five might be maintained in the 
 School and receive the aforesaid Stipend of 4. a year, the 
 said Lord BERKELEY, or the Lord of the Manor of Wot- 
 ton Under-Edge, should elect and appoint so many new 
 Scholars as the increase of the Revenues should be sufficient 
 to maintain : 
 
 And because it might happen to become necessary in pro- 
 cess of time, that the Ordinances, therein contained, should 
 be enlarged or explained, power was given to Lord BERKE- 
 LEY and his Heirs male, and, in default of such issue, to the 
 Lord of the Manor for the time being, to make such other 
 fit Ordinances and Constitutions explaining or enlarging those 
 therein expressed as well for the government, direction, elec- 
 tion, amotion and expulsion of the Master and Scholars, as 
 for the government and dispositions of the possessions and
 
 WOTTON.] GLOUCESTER. 471 
 
 revenues of the School, and the Stipends and Exhibitions of 
 the Master and Scholars, with a Proviso, that such Ordi- 
 nances should not be contrary or repugnant to the Laws of 
 the Realm, or to those therein contained, which Ordinances 
 being made and allowed by The Bishop of Gloucester, or his 
 Chancellor, were directed to be inviolably observed : 
 
 But it was declared, that the said Letters Patent should 
 not in any manner derogate from the aforesaid Decree, but 
 that such Decree should be observed and performed as fully 
 as if the said Letters Patent had not been made, unless the 
 same should thereafter in any particular point, relating to 
 the government of the School, be altered or explained by 
 The Court, and, in such case, that the alteration or expla- 
 nation so made, should be observed and obeyed notwith- 
 standing any thing to the contrary contained in the Letters 
 Patent : 
 
 Certain Ordinances for the government and regulation of 
 the School were annexed to the Letters Patent, whereby it 
 was declared, among other things, that the said Lord BERKE- 
 LEY and such others, to whom the nomination and election 
 of the Master and Scholars should belong, should on every 
 vacancy appoint a religious, discreet, and learned man to be 
 Master, who should inhabit the School-house, and teach 
 Grammar Scholars there, and should keep the House in 
 repair, out of the Revenues of the School, in such manner 
 as by the Patron of the School for the time being should be 
 thought fit : 
 
 That, in the year 1710, an Information was exhibited in 
 The Court by the then Attorney General, at the relation of 
 SAMUEL BENNETT, Clerk, then Master of the School, and 
 JOHN AUSTIN, an Inhabitant of WottonUnder-Edge, against 
 GEORGE SMITH, Esq., in order to set aside a lease granted 
 to him of certain parts of the Estates of the School, for an 
 account of rents of other of the Charity estates, and to set 
 aside a bond of resignation which SMITH had exacted
 
 4/2 GLOUCESTER. fWorroN 
 
 from BENNETT, and for other regulation of the School and 
 it's Revenues : 
 
 In the course of the Proceedings it was referred to one of 
 the Masters of The Court, to inquire and state in whom the 
 nomination of Schoolmaster was vested, and to report such 
 Proposals as might be laid before him for the establishment 
 of the Charity : 
 
 GEORGE SMITH died in 1/12, having made a Will, and 
 his Wife Executrix, She died, andRiCHARD DOWDESWELL, 
 her Brother, took administration to her and to GEORGE 
 SMITH with their Wills annexed : 
 
 In 1716, the Court ordered a Commission to inquire what 
 lands were in Mr. SMITH'S hands, which, by the decree of 
 the 20 Jac. 1., were intended to be included in the first lease 
 to JOHN SMITH, and the true value thereof: 
 
 The Commissioners returned, that certain lands, called 
 Emcroft, Rye Close, two ridges of Pasture in Stancombe, 
 one Fulling Mill, a Pond Bank adjoining, a Cottage and 
 Garden adjoining the Banks of the Mill, another Cottage 
 and Garden, two acres in Westfield, half an acre and one 
 ridge in Chesley field, were not intended to be included in 
 the first lease. But, as to divers other messuages and lands 
 in Nibley they could not say, whether they were intended 
 to be included in the lease. They set forth the particulars, 
 and annual values : 
 
 The Defendants objected to this return, 
 But, on a hearing on the 16th of December, 1718, The 
 Master of the Rolls decreed, that the lease obtained by 
 GEORGE SMITH from BENNETT, and a Bond of Resignation 
 taken from him, should be delivered up, and that MARGA- 
 RET SMITH, Widow of GEORGE, should come to account for 
 the rents and profits, And that a new lease should be 
 granted to the Defendants of Warren's Court in Nibley, and 
 such other lands as were found by the last Survey, That 
 JOHN SMITH was entitled to have a lease granted of a third
 
 WOTTOX.] GLOUCESTER. 473 
 
 part of the improved rent according to the last Survey, in 
 such manner as the same was agreed upon by virtue of the 
 former Decree, and to have a lease of the other School lands 
 in Nibley, at the full value : 
 
 The Defendants not being satisfied, applied to the Chan- 
 cellor for a re-hearing : 
 
 This came on, upon the llth of December, 1719? when 
 an issue was directed to try whether part of these lands, at 
 the time of the Decree of the 20 Jac. 1., lay intermixed 
 with Freehold lands of JOHN SMITH : 
 
 Before the trial MARGARET SMITH died, appointing 
 CHARLES DOWDESWELL, and JACOB KNIGHT, Executors, but 
 they refusing to act, RICHARD DOWDESWELL took admi- 
 nistration to her, and GEORGE SMITH, with their Wills 
 annexed, and a Bill of Revivor was filed against him : 
 
 On the trial at law it was found, that Emcroft, the two 
 acres in Westfield, the half acre and ridge in Chesley field, 
 belonged to the Defendant SMITH : 
 
 On the 26th of July, 1723, this Cause came on again be- 
 fore the Chancellor, when the former Decree was confirmed, 
 except as to the lands just mentioned : 
 
 After long contention and great shuffling on the part of 
 RICHARD DOWDESWELL, it was found, that he was to ac- 
 count for 4225..19..11, which would more than satisfy the 
 debt and costs due to the School : 
 
 The Master made his Report (which was confirmed the 
 llth of February, 1725), whereby he certified that a Pro- 
 posal had been laid before him, signed by the Relators, and 
 the Minister, Mayor, and other Principal Inhabitants of 
 Wotton Under-Edge, stating their desire that the School- 
 master's Salary should be increased to 40. per annumf 
 That Three Scholars might be added to those then belong- 
 ing to the School, That all the Scholars to be thereafter 
 admitted, should be approved of by the Master and Trus- 
 tees in the proposal named, or the major part of them, and
 
 474 GLOUCESTER. [WOTTON. 
 
 none should be admitted under ten years of age, according 
 to the former Ordinances of the School, That the Allow- 
 ance to each boy should be 4. as usual, That the boys 
 upon the Foundation should be distinguished by Gowns and 
 Caps, That the School should be re-built, That as the 
 Revenue from certain lands at Nibley therein mentioned, 
 was increased by the event of the Suit from 32..10..0 
 (which the said GEORGE SMITH had for some years paid the 
 Master for his Salary) to 60. per annum: 
 
 And there would be a sum of money left, after the increase 
 of the Master's Salary, the rebuilding of the School, and 
 the yearly allowance to the additional Three poor boys : 
 
 It was further proposed, that the overplus (after paying 
 the Relators' costs) should be applied in the purchase of 
 lands, and that such lands, as also the Revenues of the 
 School over and above the Master's Salary, should be ves- 
 ted in Trustees for the purposes aforesaid : 
 
 That the number of Trustees should be SEVEN, of whom 
 the Mayor and Relators should be three, the then Minister 
 of Wotton Under-Edge and also the Minister for the time 
 being, and RICHARD OSBORNE, THOMAS BLAGDEN, and 
 DANIEL ADEY, Junr., therein named to make up the com- 
 plement, And when the number should be reduced to 
 Five, the Surviving Trustees should fill up the number 
 by their own choice, or that of the major part of them : 
 
 And there being several Houses in Wotton out on leases 
 at small rents which, when expired, would considerably ad 
 vance the Revenues of the School, the yearly Rents whereof 
 had been usually received by the Schoolmaster for payment 
 pf the poor Scholars' Pensions, 
 
 It was further proposed, that, for the time to come, the 
 overplus of the Revenues, as also the increase of the Rents 
 of the Houses in Wotton, as well as the then Rents, should 
 be received by The Trustees, and applied as well for the 
 maintenance of the then boys on the Foundation, as of the
 
 WOTTON. GLOUCESTER. 475 
 
 Three to be added thereto, and for increasing the number, 
 or for the assistance of any one or more of them at the Uni- 
 versity, as The Trustees should judge convenient; 
 
 And the Master further certified, that Three other Pro- 
 posals had been laid before him, One, on behalf of the 
 Defendant GEORGE SMITH, who desired that the right of 
 his Ancestors in presenting the Schoolmaster, and nominat- 
 ing the Boys, might be reserved and continued to him and 
 his Heirs, Another Proposal by The Earl of BERKELEY, 
 who proposed that, as the Charity was founded by his An- 
 cestors and as he was also Lord of the greatest part of the 
 Parish of Wotton Under-Edge, he thought it reasonable 
 that he and his Heirs should have the nomination of the 
 Trustees, and that he and his Heirs, andthe Bishop of GLOU- 
 CESter, should be the Visitors, And the Third Proposal, by 
 certain Inhabitants of Wotton, who proposed that the 
 Mayor an<J Aldermen of Wotton, together with Six or Eight 
 of the Parishioners who were the largest payers to the Poor 
 to be annually chosen at Vestry, might be Trustees, and 
 that the Visitation thereof might be vested in The Earl of 
 BERKELEY and his Heirs,and the Bishop of GLOUCESTER: 
 
 By a Decree made in this Cause, on the 1st of March, 
 1725, it was ordered, that the Proposal of the Relators 
 mentioned in the Master's Report, should be established 
 with this variation, that the nomination of the boys to be 
 admitted into the School should be made alternately by the 
 Defendant GEORGE SMITH and the Trustees in the said 
 Proposal named, and that the nomination of Schoolmas- 
 ter should be in the Defendant GEORGE SMITH and his 
 Heirs :? 
 
 And it was further ordered, that the Schoolhouse should 
 be re-built, And it was referred to the Master to approve 
 of a Plan for it, and that the money which the Master should 
 think necesssry for that purpose, should be paid by RICHARD 
 DOWDESWELL one of the Defendants therein named, out of
 
 476 GLOUCESTER. [Worrov. 
 
 the money reported due from him unto the Trustees, to be 
 applied accordingly, And that the residue of such money 
 should be laid out by them in a purchase of lands for the 
 benefit of the Charity, such purchase to be made in- the 
 names of the Trustees : 
 
 That when the Trustees should be reduced to Five, the 
 Survivors should fill up the number to Seven, and should 
 convey the purchased Estates to themselves and such new 
 Trustees : 
 
 In 1801, a Petition to the Chancellor was prepared, sta- 
 ting much of what is above set forth, and that the said School- 
 house was rebuilt, according to the directions of the said 
 Decree, upon an enlarged scale and of a size not merely 
 sufficient for teaching the boys of the Foundation and other 
 Day-Scholars, Inhabitants of the Town of Wotton, but for 
 the lodging and accommodation of a large number of Board- 
 ers: 
 
 That about the year 1748, after the School-house was 
 completed, the sum of 420. was, in pursuance of the De- 
 cree, invested by the Trustees in the purchase of Freehold 
 lands at Charfield, in the County of Gloucester : 
 
 That an Act of Parliament was obtained in the 39. Geo. 
 III., for effecting and confirming an exchange of lands 
 between the Trustees and NICHOLAS OWEN SMYTHE, Esq., 
 in pursuance of an Agreement made between the Master 
 and Trustees of the School and Mr. OWEN : 
 
 And it was enacted, that in case any difficulty should 
 arise touching the application of the increased Revenue 
 arising to the Charity in consequence of this Exchange, or 
 thereafter to arise from the Charity Estate or respecting any 
 thing in regard to the regulation or constitution of the Cha- 
 rity or the Ordinances thereof, it should be lawful to the Master, 
 Patron, or Trustees to prefer a Petition to the Lord Chan- 
 cellor, who was authorized and directed to cause the same 
 to be heard in a summary way, and that such orders as the
 
 WOTTON.] GLOUCESTER. 477 
 
 Court should make therein, should be observed by, and 
 should be final and conclusive to all persons : 
 
 The Petition then slates, That since the pronouncing of 
 the Decree, of the 1st of March 1725, the Establishment 
 hath continued to be conducted according to the Regula- 
 tions established by that Decree, And the same hath con- 
 sisted of a Master and Ten Scholars, who have received the 
 annual Stipends appointed to them, And it hath been usual 
 during that period, to allow annual Stipends or Exhibitions 
 to One or Two of the Scholars of the Foundation who, on 
 quitting the School, have gone to reside in some College or 
 Hall of one of The Universities, the amount of such Stipends 
 or Exhibitions varying according to the state of the Reve- 
 nues, having been advanced from 5. to 30., which was 
 the sum then paid to each of the Two SCHOLARS then 
 residing in different Colleges as Exhibitioners from this 
 School. 
 
 That, in consequence of the Exchange of lands, which 
 had been highly advantageous to the School, and of the 
 improved value of the Estates at Charfield, there appears to 
 be a permanent augmentation of the revenues amounting to 
 the annual surplus of 60. beyond the ordinary expenditure 
 of the School, that is to say, the keeping and maintaining 
 of the School-house, which was then in a state of complete 
 repair, the payment of the Stipends of 40. to the Master, 
 and 5. to each of the Scholars of the School, and of 30. 
 to each of the Exhibitioners : 
 
 That there having been a failure of issue male of GEORGE 
 Lord BERKELEY, the original Patron of the School, the 
 right of beuig Patron thereof had, by virtue of the Letters 
 Patent of King JAMES the First, devolved upon the Lords of 
 the Manor of Wotton Under-Edge for the time being, who 
 had for a considerable number of years acted as Patrons of 
 the School: 
 
 That the Petitioner - - - JORTIN was the present Lord of
 
 478 GLOUCESTER. [Worxox. 
 
 the Manor of Wotton Under-Edge, and as such was the 
 present Patron of the School, And the Petitioner THOMAS 
 FOXWELL was then Mayor of Wotton, and The Revd. 
 WILLIAM DECHAIR TATTERSALL was then Vicar of the 
 Parish : 
 
 And that the Petitioners JOHN BLAGDEN HALE, WIL- 
 LIAM MOORE ADEY, HUMPHREY AUSTIN, RICHARD MILNES, 
 and GEORGE AUSTIN, were the remaining Trustees, duly 
 elected in pursuance of the directions in the Decree of the 
 1st of March, 1725: 
 
 That the Revd. P. M. CORNWALL was, and had for 
 some years been Master of The Grammar School : 
 
 That it appeared to the Petitioners, that it would be for 
 the benefit of the Foundation, and would contribute to the 
 ends for which the same was established, in case the Trus- 
 tees were authorized to apply a Moiety of the increased or 
 surplus rents of 60. in augmentation of the Salary of the 
 Master, and the other Moiety in advancing from time to 
 time different sums, for placing out certain Scholars of the 
 School as Apprentices to different Trades, according to the 
 discretion of the Trustees: 
 
 That it being apprehended, that the Trustees have no 
 power under the Letters Patent, ftr any of the Proceedings 
 of The Court of Chancery authorizing such an application 
 of the annual sum of 60. as aforesaid, it was at a Meeting 
 of The Trustees holden in 1801, and attended by the Pe- 
 titioners, unanimously resolved, that a Petition should be 
 presented to the Court, praying that the Trustees may be 
 authorized to apply the said Fund in the manner and for 
 the purposes already mentioned. 
 
 What was done on this Petition does not appear. 
 
 The present Rental of the Estate is between Three and 
 Four Hundred Pounds a year ; but, it is stated, " that a 
 considerable part of the lands has been lost ! /" 
 
 The School is open to the boys of this Town and Parish
 
 WOTTON.] GLOUCESTER. 497 
 
 indefinitely, free of expense ; TEN of whom are admitted 
 upon the Foundation, who have each a Stipend of 6. per 
 annum, and wear the Academical dress of The King's Scho- 
 lars at Westminster ; these are admitted at ten years of age, 
 and may remain until the age of eighteen ; The Patron, and 
 Trustees, nominate alternately to the Gown. About twelve 
 or fourteen other sons of Parishioners attend. 
 
 The WESTMINSTER Latin and Greek Grammars are 
 used, and it's plan of Education is at present pursued, the 
 Master having formerly been a Scholar upon that Royal 
 Foundation. 
 
 There are Two EXHIBITIONS of 30. each to any Col- 
 lege, and at either University, but Oxford is mostly pre- 
 ferred. Scholars are, however, seldom sent to the Univer- 
 sity from hence, as their Parents esteem the Classics of little 
 use, and therefore commonly apprentice them to a respecta- 
 ble trade, or occasionally to a liberal Profession. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. PETER MONAMY 
 CORNWALL, M. A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge, and Vicar of Westbourne, in Sussex, whose Salary is 
 80. per annum, with an excellent House, which is always 
 kept in very good condition. This worthy Gentleman takes 
 Pupils, his terms being Fifty guineas a year for a Parlour 
 Boarder, and Thirty guineas for any other. He is assisted 
 by his Son, The Revd. EUSEBIUS CORNWALL, B. A., Curate 
 ofUley. 
 
 There is a Lecture at Wotton Under-Edge of 3. per 
 annum. 
 
 Among the distinguished persons who were educated at 
 this School, may be enumerated, 
 
 JOHN PEARCE, D. D., Prebendary of Chester. 
 DANIEL VEYSIE, B. D., formerly Fellow of and Tutor 
 
 at ORIEL COLLEGE, Oxford. 
 
 EDWAUD JENNER, M. D., the Original Promoter of 
 Vaccine Inoculation.
 
 480 HEREFORD. [Bos mm Y. 
 
 BOSBURY, near LEDBURY. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at BOSBURY is supposed to have 
 been founded by Sir ROWLAND MORTON, who is said to have 
 possessed " The Grange Estate^ in this Parish, but at what 
 period has not been ascertained ; though it must have been 
 prior to the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, as Her Majesty 
 endowed the School with 8.A..2. per annum, which is 
 charged upon the Manor of Wormbridge, in the County of 
 Hereford, and is now paid by The King's Receiver of Fee- 
 Farm Rents to the Master. 
 
 Sir ROWLAND MORTON is also said to have built a neat 
 stone-roofed Chapel at the South Aisle of the Church, 
 adjoining the Chancel, where his Coat of Arms appears upon 
 the inside of the roof in different places. 
 
 The present Endowment consists of about Thirty-two 
 acres of land, and Eight cottages, dispersed all over the 
 Parish of Bosbury : The management of which, as well as 
 the appointment of the Master, is vested in TWELVE 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 About Twenty years since, the Trustees elected as Master 
 of the School, an illiterate man who had never learned or 
 knew a single word of the Latin or Greek languages; 
 although the former Masters had always been Clergymen of 
 the Church of England. Some of the Trustees who resided 
 in the Parish, it is said, had got possession of considerable 
 portions of the land contiguous to their own estates, at a very 
 inferior rent. 
 
 The Master's house, which he now occupies, had not been 
 in the possession of the Masters for the last Thirty years, 
 until the present Gentleman came; the House, together 
 with a valuable Orchard, and other lands about an acre and
 
 BOSBURY.] HEREFORD. 481 
 
 an half worth from 12. to 14. per annum, having been 
 lett for the greater part of that time " to a near Relation 
 of one of the Trustees at 3. per annum" ! while the 
 Masters of the School were obliged to lodge where, they 
 could, some, at the distance of four miles. 
 
 It is also supposed that several pieces of land, originally 
 belonging to the School, HAVE BEEN LOST, " by levelling 
 the boundaries, and thereby mixing them with oilier lands" 
 
 Upon these accounts, the late Vicar of Bosbury, and some 
 of the Inhabitants of the Parish, laudably instituted a suit 
 in Chancery against the Trustees, to compel them to elect a 
 Clergyman and Grammar Master, and also to relinquish 
 such lands a* they had in their hands, and to lett them at 
 their full value. The present Lord Chancellor has decreed, 
 " that the said School is a Grammar School," and thereupon 
 the Master has been appointed, but the other points are not 
 yet determined. 
 
 All the boys of this Parish, as soon as they begin to learn 
 the Latin language, are taught free of expense. Since the 
 present Master was elected, in 1815, he has also most bene- 
 volently taken Ten boys whom he instructs in reading, 
 writing, and arithmetic gratuitously, although he does not 
 consider himself bound to do so. About ten or fifteen other 
 boys are usually educated at this School. 
 
 Children are admitted at about ten years of age, and there 
 is no prescribed time of superannuation. The Master no- 
 minates. There is no particular form of Admission. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used ; and 
 the system of Education is upon the ETON plan. 
 
 In 1676, RICHAED REED, Esq., of Lugwardine, founded 
 an EXHIBITION of 4. per annum at Brasen-Nose College, 
 Oxford, for the maintenance of one Scholar of his Posterity, 
 or for a Scholar from the School of Bosbury, or from the 
 Free School of the City of Hereford, being natives of the 
 County of Hereford. 
 
 VOL. i. I i
 
 482 HEREFORD. [BOSBURY. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. THOMAS LEWES, 
 whose Salary is from Sixty to Seventy pounds per annum, 
 but capable of being raised to 120. or more. This Gen- 
 tleman takes Boarders ; his terms being about 25. a year 
 for each Pupil. 
 
 Many very respectable Characters have received their In- 
 struction at this School. The late THOMAS LOGGEN, Esq., 
 of Basinghall Street, London, an eminent Solicitor, was 
 educated here. 
 
 Mr. JOHN MEAKINS, a native of Bosbury, and educated 
 at this School, by his Will, dated the 1st of April, 1811, 
 left 100. Sterling to the Minister and Church-wardens of 
 Bosbury, to be invested in one of the Government Funds in 
 their names, and to receive the interest and dividends for 
 ever, to be applied as follows, 10s. Gd. annually to each of 
 such boys in Bosbury School, as they shall consider the best 
 WHITER, the best ARITHMETICIAN, the best GRAMMA- 
 RIAN, and the best COMPOSER in prose and verse, and 
 the residue thereof to such as they shall consider the most 
 industrious POOR of the said Parish, and such as they shall 
 find most constant in their attendance on Divine Worship.
 
 BBOMYARD.] HEREFORD. 483 
 
 BROMYARD. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at BROMYARD was founded by Queen 
 ELIZABETH, and endowed with l6..14..1l per annum, 
 now payable out of the Land Revenue of the Crown. 
 
 In 1656, an additional Endowment of 20. a year was 
 made under the Will of JOHN PERRIN, Esq., charged upon 
 liis estate at East Acton, in the County of Middlesex, which 
 is vested in THE COMPANY of GOLDSMITHS, in London, as 
 Trustees, who have duly discharged their trust 
 
 The Master is chosen by the Inhabitants of the Town. 
 
 The only building belonging to the Foundation, is a large 
 School-room adjoining the Church-yard. 
 
 The School is free to all the Children of the Town, and no 
 other emolument arises to the Master, but what he receives 
 from the two Endowments. Very few Scholars attend the 
 School. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. DAVID EVANS, who is 
 also Curate of an adjacent Parish. *
 
 484 HEREFORD. [COLWALL. 
 
 COL WALL, near LEDBURY. 
 
 4| ' 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at COLWALL GREEN, in the 
 Parish of Colwall, was founded in pursuance of the Will of 
 HUMPHREY WALWYN, Citizen and Grocer of London, dated 
 the 10th day of December 1612, in the Tenth year of the 
 reign of King JAMES the First ; by which he bequeathed, 
 
 " The sum of 600. Current money of England, to be be- 
 stowed in the buying of Houses in the City of London, of a good 
 tejior, taking good councell and advise in the bestowing thereof, 
 which I would have performed by my Executors, with the ad- 
 vice, councell, help, and assistance of THE WARDENS and 
 ASSISTANTS of The Worshipful Company of GROCERS and my 
 Overseers, to be done and finished in two years after my de- 
 cease :" 
 
 " The rent of which housing I do appoint and bequeath by 
 this my last Will and Testament to be thus imployed and be- 
 stowed, First, to The Worshipful Company of Grocers Five 
 Pounds yearly, and Two of the Wardens, with the Clerk, and 
 some one Learned man, to be by them chosen, and then toge- 
 ther once in Three years to visit and examine the Schollers of 
 their profiting and progression in Learning at a School, which, 
 by this my last Will, I do appoint to be erected at the Parish of 
 Colwall, in the County of Hereford, in which Parish my Father 
 and Mother do lie buried :" 
 
 " Also, I do give to the Parish of St. Martin Orgers where I 
 do now dwell, to be paid every Midsummer day to the Parson 
 and Churchwardens of the same Parish Five Pounds Current 
 money of England, to be bestowed in Sea Coals, for the relie of 
 the Poor of that Parish :" the distribution to commence on the 
 first Wednesday in December, and to continue until the stock is 
 consumed. " Also I do will, that of this Five pounds there be 
 10s. paid to a Preacher, such a one as the Churchwardens for 
 the time being shall choose, to preach at St. Martin Orgars Pa- 
 rish every year, on the Fifth day of November, which day is 
 kept in remembrance of our miraculous preservation from that 
 horrible and unheard of Gunpowder Treason :" 
 
 ' ' The remainder of the Rents of the houses and tenements to 
 be purchased as aforesaid, I do give for the erecting and main- 
 taining of a Free School in the Parish of Colwall, in the County
 
 COLWALL.] HEREFORD 485 
 
 of Hereford, where my Father and Mother do lie buried, and 
 that the Poor Children of that Parish, and Seven Children of the 
 Parish of Little Malvern of the poorest also in that Parish, be 
 taught freely without payment of any thing for their Schooling. 
 Also that in the Parish of Colwall the better sort, which are able 
 to pay part, do not pay above 10*. for their Schooling in a year. 
 Also if it should please God to afflict any of my Father's poste- 
 rity with poverty, that they be not able to pay for their Child- 
 ren's learning I will, that Four of any of them shall be taught at 
 this School freely, and so from tune to time not exceeding that 
 number (of his relations, but all the poor of Colwall, and seven 
 of Little Malvern) . That the Schoolmaster shall entertain them, 
 and teach them, and have especially respect of them : 
 
 " For the choice of the Schoolmaster, my will is, that The 
 Wardens and Assistants of The Worshipful Company of Grocers 
 shall have the election and choice of the Schoolmaster, and in 
 choosing him, that he be honest, learned, godly, and fit every 
 way for the teaching and instructing Youth in Learning and in 
 the fear of God. And being such a one, that any of my name 
 and kindred shall have the place before any others, or any that 
 my Children should recommend for the place, being fit, suffici- 
 ent, that they be duly respected, and the place to be bestowed 
 on the party so recommended before any other :" 
 
 " I will that the Schoolmaster do straightly observe, that 
 there be praying and prayers made in the School twice every day 
 at least," and that the Children be regularly catechized : 
 
 " And my Will is, if the Schoolmaster should neglect the 
 premisses, or the teaching or instructing of his Scholars as his 
 place requireth, or being of a bad life and conversation, that then 
 it may be lawful for the Assistants and Wardens of the Worship- 
 ful Company of Grocers to remove the Schoolmaster, and place 
 such a one in his stead as may perform the premisses according 
 to the true meaning of this my last Will and Testament :" 
 
 " Furthermore I will, that Two of the Wardens of the said 
 Company, with the Clerk, together with a Learned man of the 
 Wardens choosing, do once in Three years go to Colwall, and 
 there visit this Scool so to be erected, and to examine the Scho- 
 lars for their profiting in Learning and in the principles of 
 Christian Religion ; and, according as the Schoolmaster deserveth, 
 to praise him or to admonish him, as they shall find just cause 
 and occasion to move them after examination made as afore- 
 said :" 
 
 " Also I will, that the Schoolmaster's money be paid down to 
 Worcester every half year, for payment of him for his pains 
 taken aforesaid, and that he giveth an acquittance for the receipt 
 thereof. And my Will is, that he hath the just value of those
 
 486 HEREFORD. [COLWALL. 
 
 Houses and Tenements that shall be bought ; the sum of Ten 
 pounds formerly mentioned, being first deducted :" 
 
 " Also I will, that the Schoolmaster which is chosen, be a 
 Preacher, and that he maketh Four Sermons every year, one 
 every Quarter, and once every year at Little Malvern, wherein 
 he repeat in brief the sum of my Will concerning the School to 
 be erected, and by order I do take therein for teaching all the 
 Parishioners' Children as is before mentioned, that they may 
 truly understand my Will in that behalf : the like of Little 
 Malvern:" 
 
 " Also I will, that the Orders do prescribe for the School- 
 master to perform, be written down fair in a Table, and hung 
 up in the School for every one to read at their pleasure :" 
 
 " And if so be that should happen (as God forbid), that there 
 should be neglect of the performance of the premisses by THE WAR- 
 DENS and ASSISTANTS of the Worshipful Company of GROCERS, 
 as is before expressed, then it shall be lawful for my heirs to 
 possess and enjoy the houses or tenements so to be purchased, 
 and to convert the same to those uses and purposes as is before 
 at large set down, as they will answer for it before the Lord at 
 that most dreadful day of Judgement :" 
 
 " I will and bequeath to The Worshipful Company of Gro- 
 cers, if they shall accept and undertake the charge of this School, 
 the sum of Ten pounds to be bestowed on a piece of Plate, and 
 to have written about it " The gift of HUMPHREY WALWYN, 
 Grocer." 
 
 It is to be lamented, that this Institution seems to be too 
 remote from The Visitors^ THE GROCERS' COMPANY in 
 London, to have attracted their notice ; otherwise the late 
 Clerical Master, on removing from Colwall to Gloucester 
 (his present residence) would hardly have been allowed to 
 give up the School to his Usher, a Layman; who. it is 
 stated as a fact, refuses to admit into the School the Child- 
 ren of the Parishioners of Colwall or of Little Malvern, 
 according to the Will of The Founder. 
 
 The ostensible Master now receives an annual Salary of 
 30. from The Grocers' 1 Company. 
 
 The sum of 5. .6.. 8. per annum is also payable out of 
 the Land Revenue of the Crown to the Master of " Colwall 
 ct Coddington" but it does not appear that this Sum has 
 lately been claimed.
 
 COLWALL.] HEREFORD. 487 
 
 The Parishes of Colwall and Coddington are, however, 
 totally unconnected; and there never was any School at 
 Coddington. 
 
 The old School-house, through length of time, being in- 
 capable of further repairs, The Grocers' Company caused it 
 to be taken down, in 1796, and erected the present building 
 at their own expense; they also repaired the Master's 
 Dwelling-house at the same time.
 
 488 HEREFORD. 
 
 HEREFORD. 
 
 THE earliest notice which has been met with on record of a 
 School in Hereford, is contained in the Register of Bishop 
 TRILLICK, and is dated the 26th of December, 1384. 
 
 It was probably founded under the auspices of that Pre- 
 late ; and the word " consuetttdinibus" which occurs in the 
 obscured entry alluded to in his Register, may refer rather 
 to the general customs of similar Establishments in other 
 places than to any in previous existence here ; for no men- 
 tion is made of a School in the several Registers of CANTI- 
 
 LUPE, SwiNFIELD, OfiLTON, Or T. CHARLTON, his Pre- 
 
 decessors. 
 
 The amount of the original Endowment, if any, is un- 
 known : perhaps it depended upon the voluntary benevo- 
 lence of the Founder, and the succeeding Bishops. The 
 object of the Foundation was to afford gratuitous Instruc- 
 tion to the sons of the poorer Inhabitants. 
 
 It does not appear how long the means were found ade- 
 quate to the purpose intended ; but, as the subsequent Epis- 
 copal Registers are as silent as their predecessors on the 
 subject, the School probably languished until the reign of 
 EDWARD the Sixth, who issued an Injunction, that " in every 
 Cathedral Church where no Free Grammar School is found- 
 ed already within The Close, nor hath any such near unto 
 it adjoining, founded already by any person, the King's 
 Majesty willeth, that of the common lands and revenues of 
 that Church shall be ordained, kept, and maintained perpe- 
 tually, a Free Grammar School. The Master to have 
 Twenty Marks, and his House rent free ; and the Usher 
 yearly JG6..14..0., and his Chamber free."
 
 HEREFORD.] HEREFORD. 498 
 
 Notwithstanding this Injunction, Queen ELIZABETH 
 deemed it necessary about Thirty years afterwards, to recal 
 the attention of the Members of the Church to this and 
 other topics, as appears by her Statutes which are dated the 
 6th of March, 1583. 
 
 In consequence of one or both of these Royal Ordinances 
 a building was erected upon the Scite of the decayed Cloist- 
 ers at the West end of the Cathedral, and was applied to the 
 purposes required. 
 
 The next Statutes for the government of the Cathedral 
 Church of Hereford, and it's appendages, were issued by 
 CHARLES the First, on the 30th of May, 1637. They 
 confirmed many of the previous regulations, abrogated 
 others, and introduced such corrections and additions, as 
 the lapse of time, and the change of circumstances, render 
 occasionally necessary to insure the permanence and the 
 purity of every human system. The Sixth chapter of these 
 Statutes particularly refers to the School. 
 
 In an account of annual payments made by the Church, 
 dated 1st. of September 1636, are included, " By the Cla- 
 viger., to the Head Schoolmaster, his annual Stipend 20 : 
 to the Usher, his annual Stipend 10.: to the Scholars at 
 the breaking up of School at Christmas, when they make 
 Orations, uncertain : to one Scholar or Scholars in Oxford 
 <4. v . This account is verified by the signatures of JONA- 
 THAN BROWNE, the Dean, and five of the Canons. 
 
 The Scholars in Oxford allude to two Donations, viz., 
 2. .13. .4 per annum each for seven years by CHARLES 
 LANGFORD, D. D., Dean of Hereford, to Four poor Scho- 
 lars of this City, in the year 1607 ; and also a House situ- 
 ate at the East corner of the North end of the Narrow 
 Cabbage Lane in Hereford (formerly, and still in some 
 degree the Vegetable Market), which was given by ROGER 
 PHILLPOTTS, a Citizen, in 1613, to The Dean and Chapter, 
 the rent to be by them applied towards the maintenance of
 
 49Q HEREFORD. [HEREFORD. 
 
 Two poor Hereford Scholars at Brasen-Nose College, Ox- 
 ford, and of Two others, being the objects of Dr. LANG- 
 FORD'S donation. The House was then valued at 10. per 
 annum, and the Rent continues to be applied, according to 
 the intentions of the Donors. 
 
 The following is an extract from the Will of Dr. LANG- 
 FORD, dated the 13th of October, 1607 ; 
 
 " Thirdly, I give all my Lands which I purchased in the 
 County of Radnor in Wales, with all the Writings, &c., con- 
 cerning the same, to Dr. THOMPSON, Dr. SHING(,ETON, Dr. 
 BRAD SHAW, Doctors in Divinity and Canons and Residentiaries 
 of the said Church (of Hereford) : and to FRANCIS PERRY, B.D. 
 and Treasurer of the said Church, as Feoffees in Trust to the 
 uses here put down, as follow ; 
 
 " First, That with all convenient speed, by the revenues 
 issuing out of the said lands to the said Dean and Chapter of 
 the said Cathedral Church of Hereford and to their Successors 
 for ever, there be paid to EIGHT Scholars, to every one of them 
 %.. 13.. 4 by even portions Quarterly at the usual times of the 
 year : whereof Four of the said Scholars to be of The Free School 
 of Hereford, born within the said City, and to be nominated by 
 these Feoffees, and to be chosen out of such poor and towardly 
 for learning as are born in the same Town, or the more part of 
 them, until the Mortmain be procured. And my Will is, that 
 the said Four Scholars on every Sabbath day and other Festival 
 days, and the Even of the said days, shall come to Divine Ser- 
 vice, Morning and Evening, into the Quire of the said Cathe- 
 dral Church in Gowns and Surplices, as Choristers of the said 
 Cathedral Church use to do ; and to keep that order, which the 
 Statutes and Orders of the Church require. 
 
 " To the other Four Scholars my Will and mind is, to be 
 nominated by the Bailiffs of the Town of Ludlow for the time 
 being, and to be chosen out of such poor and towardly for learn- 
 ing, as are born in the same Town. 
 
 " All which EIGHT Scholars my Will and mind is, at the 
 time of their nomination shall be of the age of nine years and 
 above, and not under : and to continue in the said places, being 
 so nominated, until they be of the age of Sixteen years and not 
 longer, so that they continue Scholars in the said Schools of 
 Hereford or Ludlow. 
 
 " My Will is, that until the Mortmain be procured, the two 
 surviving Feoffees shall nominate successively from time to time ; 
 Provided, that if the said Revenues be not employed according
 
 HEREFORD.] HEREFORD. 491 
 
 to the true intent and meaning before set down, that then, upon 
 due proof thereof, the said lands and revenues, with all the 
 Writings, &c., concerning them, shall return to my right heir 
 and his heirs for ever. 
 
 " And forasmuch as every thing in particular cannot be set 
 down, touching the uses aforesaid, I therefore refer the further- 
 ing the same to my Feoffees aforesaid, together with my Execu- 
 tors or the major part of them, to be faithfully performed 
 according to my Trust reposed in them." 
 
 These Four Scholars continue to be appointed from. 
 Hereford School, and are termed " Tlie Dean's Scholars? 
 
 About the same time, a House and Garden for the Head 
 Master were added to the Endowment. 
 
 The appointments of Master, and Under Master, with all 
 other authority, remain in The Dean and Chapter for the 
 time being; and the following additional REGULATIONS 
 were adopted by them in the year 1665 ; 
 
 " Whereas certain disputes and questions have arisen, touch- 
 ing the government of The Gramer Schole, in the Citty of He- 
 reford, which is in the disposicion, survey, governance, and 
 protection of the Deane and Chapter of the Cathedral Church 
 of Hereford ; the said Deane and Chapter (upon hearing thereof) 
 hath thought fitt to sett downe and ordeyne these following 
 Rules and Orders in the premisses : 
 
 1st. In regard of the smallnes of the annuall Sallary and Sty- 
 pends belonging to the Schole (being .20. to the Master, and 
 \0. to the Usher thereof annually paid out of the Revenues of 
 the said Deane and Chapter), the Scholemaster may demand 
 and require what he thinks fitt, not exceeding 5s. for Entrance, 
 and 20. per annum, to be quarterly paid for the sons of all free 
 cittizens of the said Citty, saveing only such as are poor, and 
 unable soe to doe, who are to pay only 5s. for Entrance and to 
 be left to theire owne will for the rest. And if any dispute shall 
 arise touching the admission of the Children of any such poore 
 cyttyzens, the same is to be ordered, settled, and regulated by 
 the said Deane, and in his absence by the Canon Residentiary 
 of the said Church, holding his residence for the tyme being, in 
 whose determination the matter aforesaid is to rest satisfied with- 
 out further dispute. And, as for Forreigners, the Scholemaster 
 is left to his own discretion for compounding with them for his 
 Sallary. 
 
 2dly. The Fees of all entrances of Schollers into the said
 
 492 HEREFORD. [HEREFC)RD. 
 
 Schole shall be equally divided betwixt the Master and Usher 
 thereof. 
 
 3dly. The Master of the said Schole shall have a fourth part 
 only of the Sallary of all such Schollers as are or shall be under 
 the Tutorage of the Usher, and also of all such gratuyties as 
 are given for the sonnes of poore free cyttizens as aforesaid, 
 under the Usher's patronage. 
 
 4th. The Master shall, at least once in every month, examine 
 the progresse of the Schollers under the tuition of the Usher, 
 and take care that the method of teaching throughout the said 
 Schole may be uniform, and not various or different. 
 
 5th. If any difference shall happen between the Master and 
 the Usher, the partie grieved shall appeale to the Deane, and in 
 his absence to the Canon in residence for the tyme being, who 
 will heare and settle the same, and in whose determination both 
 parties are to acquiesce. 
 
 6th. For the better encouragement of the said Master and 
 Usher, and the advancement of the Schole, it is agreed on, 
 resolved, and declared by the said Deane and Chapter, that noe 
 Latin Grammer School shall be kept within the said cytty other 
 than the Schole aforesaid. 
 
 And, lastly, the said Scholemaster and Usher are required and 
 admonished to be diligent and careful in their duty in the pre- 
 misses, and to have a special regard as well to the sober and 
 civil demeanor of their Schollers as to their good lyturature, and 
 especially to keepe them from that wicked vice of swearing 
 (the epydemicall synne of this cytty), and alsoe to take care that 
 those of the poorer sort be not sordidly or uncleanly habited 
 or kept, to the offence of others of better quality, and to the 
 scandall of the Schole." 
 
 The building which was erected after the Royal Injunc- 
 tions of EDWARD the Sixth and Queen ELIZABETH, (or, 
 perhaps, of the former only) became in a state of dilapida- 
 tion about the year 1760, when it was taken down, and 
 superseded by a more commodious edifice, through the 
 means of a general Subscription, and under an engagement 
 that, in addition to the uses of a School, it should also be 
 applied to the purposes of the Triennial Meetings of the 
 three Choirs of Hereford, Worcester, and Gloucester, and 
 to other public occasions, such as County Meetings, Sec. It 
 is hence termed " The Music Room :" the dimensions are
 
 HEREFORD.] HEREFORD. 493 
 
 80 feet in length, 40 in breadth, and 40 in height. The 
 West front of this room is connected with the Cathedral, 
 and is injudiciously built with brick, without any regard to 
 congruity or taste; but the East side, which faces the 
 Bishop's cloisters, is constructed of stone, and has three 
 handsome Windows under pointed arches. 
 
 The House for the residence of the Master has been also 
 re-built; and, in the year 1779? a large Room was added 
 by voluntary Subscription, for the purposes of a School 
 when the Music Room should be applied to County 
 business. 
 
 No subsequent addition has taken place to the emolu- 
 ments of the Masters, except those which arise from nearly 
 One hundred Pupils ; of whom about half are provided 
 with board and tuition, and the remainder with tuition only; 
 The former pay Thirty guineas per annum ; the latter, 
 Four guineas. 
 
 ELEVEN Scholars are admitted to the benefits of Tuition, 
 free of expense ; of these, Seven are nominated as Chorist- 
 ers by the Canons, and the remaining Four are appoint- 
 ed by The Dean, according to the Will of Dr. LANGFORD. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used; and 
 the general system of Education comprises the best Latin and 
 Greek Classics, Euclid's Elements, Writing, &c. 
 
 This School, in turn with those of MANCHESTER and 
 MARLBOROUGH, presents to 16 SCHOLARSHIPS in BRASEN- 
 NOSE COLLEGE, Oxford, and to 16 SCHOLARSHIPS in ST. 
 JOHN'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, of different values, from 
 18. to Q6. per annum, on the Foundation of SARAH 
 Duchess of SOMERSET, according to the following docu- 
 ments ; 
 
 " This Indenture made the 17th of February, 16*9,, between 
 The Right Noble the Lady SARAH Duchess Dowager of SOMER- 
 SET, Widow, of the one part ; The Right Worshipful THOMAS 
 YATE, D. D., Principal of the King's Hall and College of Bra-
 
 494 HEREFORD. [HEREFORD. 
 
 sen-Nose in the University of Oxford and the Scholars of the 
 same College, on the other part; Witnesseth, that the said 
 Duchess for the founding, establishing, and sustentation of 
 FOUR SCHOLARSHIPS in the said College to the Honour of God 
 and the advancement of good learning, and to be called for ever 
 " SOMERSET SCHOLARSHIPS," hath granted, aliened, released, 
 and confirmed, and by these presents doth grant, &c., unto the 
 said Principal and Scholars, and their Successors for ever, all 
 that tenement or messuage, with several pieces of arable and 
 pasture land, and all those Five closes, &c., in the Parish of Iver, 
 in the County of Buckingham, which said premises are now in 
 the possession of the said Principal and Scholars, by virtue of a 
 bargain and sale to them thereof made by the said Duchess, by 
 Indenture bearing date the day before the date of these presents 
 for one whole year from the day before the date of that Inden- 
 ture, and by force and virtue of the Statute for transferring uses 
 into possession. to have and to hold the said premises, with 
 their rights, &c., unto the said Principal and Scholars and their 
 Successors, to the end, intent and purpose that the said Principal 
 and Scholars and their Successors shall from time to time, and 
 at all times hereafter, use all good care and diligence to preserve, 
 defend, and improve the said premises, to be employed and 
 converted to the sole and proper uses hereinafter directed and 
 declared,^that is, for the support and maintenance of Four 
 Scholars to be bred and trained up in good Learning and Piety 
 in the said College of Brasen-Nose for ever ; 
 
 Secondly, The said Four Scholars shall be nominated and 
 presented by the said Duchess during her life to the said Princi- 
 pal and Scholars of Brasen-Nose College, who shall be obliged 
 to elect them, within Three days after such presentation, into 
 the Scholarship or Scholarships then vacant, if, on examination, 
 they shall be found fit and worthy, or else signify their refusal 
 to the said Dnchess who shall nominate one or more; 
 
 " Thirdly, after the decease of the said Duchess, all Scholars 
 to be elected shall be taken and chosen by the said Principal and 
 Six Senior Fellows of Brasen-Nose out of the Free School of 
 MANCHESTER, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, within Forty 
 days after the said Scholarships or any of them respectively shall 
 become void : In which choice they shall always prefer such 
 Youths in she said School, as shall be born in the Counties of 
 Lancaster, Chester, and Hereford, or in any one of them : And 
 in case that, at the time when any of the said Scholarships shall 
 became void, there shall not be in the said School any poor Youth 
 whatsoever that shall be judged fit for his learning to be elected, 
 that then they shall and may elect and chusc into the said Scho-
 
 HEREFOBD.] HEREFORD. 495 
 
 larships so void, any other Youth or Youths born in any of the 
 said three Counties of Lancaster, Chester, and Hereford, and not 
 elsewhere ; although such Youth or Youths shall have been 
 educated in any other School : 
 
 " Fourthly, That the said Principal and Scholars shall be obliged 
 to allow unto every one of the Scholars so named and elected, 
 the sum of 5s. per week for their subsistence, for Seven full and 
 complete years from the day of his or their election, unless they 
 die, or be absent contrary to the Statutes of the said College, or 
 shall be promoted to any Fellowship or Preferment in the same 
 or any other College, or shall be expelled for his or their mis- 
 demeanour. But, if, by reason of any public calamity, the lands 
 should fall in their rents, the Scholars shall be contented with 
 their allowance proportionable to the profits that arise : 
 
 " Fifthly, The Principal and Scholars shall provide the said 
 Four Scholars one Chamber with four Studies where the SOMER- 
 SET SCHOLARS may cohabit together, or else distinct Lodgings, 
 and they shall wear Gowns of Cloth with open sleeves, like the 
 Students of Christ Church, and square Caps, but without tas- 
 sells, whilst they are Undergraduates. And in satisfaction to 
 the said Principal and Scholars, for the Chambers and for the 
 buying the first Gowns and Caps for the said Scholars, the said 
 Duchess hath paid to the said Principal and Scholars the sum 
 of 50. 
 
 " Sixthly, The said Scholars that shall afterwards be admitted, 
 shall each at his first admission be allowed a new Gown and 
 Cap, and the same at the beginning of the third and fifth 
 years, the charge whereof is not to be deducted out of their 
 allowance of 5s. per week apiece, in regard there is upon the 
 computation of the yearly value of the premises, an allowance of 
 5. per annum made by the said Duchess for buying the said 
 Caps and Gowns, over and above the said 5s. apiece. 
 
 " Seventhly, The said SOMERSET SCHOLARS shall pay no cau- 
 tion at their first admission ; but if they or any of them shall at 
 any time exceed their allowance in Commons or Battling, and do 
 not pay for such exceedings within Fourteen days after the re- 
 spective Quarter day, then their names shall be crossed, and 
 their allowances stopped until all arrears be paid. 
 
 " Eighthly, The Four said Scholars shall at their admission 
 be required to speak the Latin tongue in their public and private 
 conferences with one another, under the penalty of Two-pence 
 for every default. 
 
 " Ninthly, The premises to return to the Heirs of the said 
 Duchess in case they should be misemployed to any other uses, 
 &c., and to be again employed to the uses above limited either 
 in the said College or any other College in the said University.
 
 49G HEREFORD. [HEREFORD. 
 
 " Tenthly, The Bishop of Lincoln is appointed VISITOR, and 
 is to visit once in three years. 
 
 " Eleventhly, Once in every year a Commemoration of the 
 said Duchess to be had, and 40s. distributed to the Principal, 
 Fellows, and Scholars then present at Prayers, giving to the 
 Principal a double share, and a Speech made in Latin in the 
 Hall, to be performed by turns successively by the said SOMER- 
 SET SCHOLARS." 
 
 This Deed was enrolled in Chancery in Hilary Term, 
 1679. 
 
 The following is the Deed, relative to Her Grace's FIVE 
 SCHOLARSHIPS at ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, in Cambridge ; 
 
 " This Indenture made the 12th of July, 1682, between The 
 Right Noble SARAH Duchess Dowager of SOMERSET, of the one 
 part j and The Revd. HUMPHREY GOWER, D. D., Master of 
 The College of St. John the Evangelist, and the Fellows and 
 Scholars of the same College, in the University of Cambridge, 
 of the other part ; Witnesseth, that the said Duchess for the 
 founding, establishing, and sustentation of Five Scholarships in 
 the said College, to be called^ for ever " SOMERSET SCHOLAR- 
 SHIPS," and for and in consideration of 5s. in hand paid, the re- 
 ceipt whereof she doth hereby acknowledge, hath bargained and 
 sold, &c., the Manor of Thornhill, in Wilts, &c. 
 
 <e Secondly, The same as in the preceding Deed. 
 
 " Thirdly, After the decease of the said Duchess, all Scholars 
 to be elected shall be taken and chosen by the Master and Senior 
 Fellows of the said College, out of the Free School of Hereford 
 within Forty days after the said Scholarships or any of them re- 
 spectively shall become void, in which choice, preference to be 
 given to such youths in the said School as shall have been born 
 in the Counties of Somerset, Wilts, and Hereford, or in any one 
 of them. 
 
 " Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth clauses, the 
 same as in the preceding Deed. 
 
 " Tenthly, The Bishop of Ely for the time being and his Suc- 
 cessors to be for ever the VISITOR of the said Five Scholarships, 
 &c., and the entertainment in the Hall at any one Visitation, not 
 to exceed 3. 
 
 " Eleventhly, A Commemoration, as before expressed. 
 
 This Deed was enrolled in the Exchequer in Michaelmas 
 Term, 1682. 
 
 By a Codicil annexed to the Will of the munificent Donor
 
 HEREFORD.] HEREFORD. 497 
 
 of the above mentioned Patronage, her Scholars at both the 
 Colleges of Brasen-Nose and St. John are entitled to a pre- 
 ference, in case of a vacancy, to the valuable Living of 
 Wootton Rivers, in the County of Wilts. See, Manchester. 
 
 In 1676, RICHARD REED, Esq., of Lugwardine, gave a 
 rent-charge of 4. per annum, for the maintenance of one 
 Scholar of his posterity, at Brasen-Nose College, Oxford ; 
 or, 'from the School of Bosbury, or from this Grammar -- 
 School, being natives of the County of Hereford. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. CHARLES TAY- 
 LOR, M. A., who was appointed in 1807) and since presented 
 by The Dean and Chapter to the Vicarage of Long Stan- 
 ton, in the County of Salop, in testimony of their approba- 
 tion of his services. 
 
 The following are the names of THE HEAD MASTERS of 
 Hereford School : 
 
 In 1711. JOHN RODD. 
 
 1749. TRAHERNE. 
 
 J. STEPHENS. 
 1780. GIBBONS BAGNALL. 
 THOMAS HORNE. 
 JAMES RUDD. 
 
 1786. D'ALEMBERT SQUIRE. 
 1803. SAMUEL PICART. 
 1807. CHARLES TAYLOR, M. A. 
 
 Among the eminent men who have been educated at this 
 School, may be enumerated, 
 
 MILES SMITH, D. D., Bishop of Gloucester. 
 
 JOHN GWILLYM, the celebrated Herald. 
 
 JOHN WALTER, Merchant, remarkable for the great 
 
 amount of his charitable Benefactions. 
 JOHN DAVIES, the eminent Writing-Master. 
 RICHARD GETHING, his Scholar, and equally famous 
 for his Penmanship. 
 
 VOL. i. K k
 
 498 HEREFORD. [KIKOTOK. 
 
 K1NGTON. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at KINGTON was founded by MAR- 
 GARET Lady HAWKINS, Widow of Sir JOHN HAWKINS, 
 Knight, Treasurer of The Navy in the reign of Queen ELI- 
 ZABETH; who bequeathed 800. for the support of a 
 School-master and Usher, to be disbursed at a convenient 
 time in the purchase of an estate, and in the erection of a 
 suitable School-house. 
 
 Some years after her decease, which happened hi 1620, 
 her Trustees very advantageously, and agreeably to her 
 Will, bought with that sum, a landed estate of Three Hun- 
 dred acres, or thereabout, in the Township of Upper Hergest, 
 within the Parish of King ton, and also One acre at the West 
 end of the Town, whereon they caused to be erected a com- 
 modious stone House, which even yet has not suffered very 
 material decay. It contains a School-room, in length 44 
 feet, in breadth 20, and in height ll f . 3 in .; two comfortable 
 Parlours, a good kitchen, six large Bed-rooms, and conve- 
 nient appendages. Three-fourths of this residence are ap- 
 propriated to the Master, and the rest to the Usher. 
 
 The present Rent of the Farm is 270. per annum ; 
 three-fourths of which are allotted to the Master's Salary, 
 and one-fourth to that of the Usher. 
 
 Mrs. ESTHER SAYER, many years since, bequeathed Ten 
 Pounds per annum to the Usher for the time being, pro- 
 vided he should be in Holy Orders, to preach a Sermon in 
 the Church every other Sunday afternoon. But, in the case 
 of an Usher's not being a Clergyman, the Ten pounds are 
 to be paid to the Master for that duty, he being necessarily, 
 according to the Will, " a choice and able divine," and, by 
 a Rule invariably observed by The Trustees, a Graduate of 
 the University of Oxford, or of Cambridge.
 
 KINGTON.] HEREFORD. 499 
 
 The Statutes which are deposited in the School chest, 
 Tiave never been signed. 
 
 Boys are admitted as soon as they can read the English 
 Psalter. They are required to be sound in their person, 
 and clean in their dress. 
 
 The Will does not seem to set any limitation in regard to 
 Districts : But, it has been the custom of The Trustees, who 
 have power concerning the government of the School, to 
 confine the privilege to the Parish of Kington, and the Cha- 
 pelries of Huntington, Brilley, and Michael-Church. 
 
 The Fees of Admission are Five Shillings for the son of 
 a Gentleman ; Two Shillings and Sixpence, of a Yeoman ; 
 and One Shilling, of a poor person. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used ; and 
 the general Classical routine necessary for the qualification 
 of Youth for the Universities, is carefully pursued. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advant- 
 ages, belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOHN BISSELL, 
 B. D. Mr. JAMES HARVEY is the Usher. Neither of these 
 Gentlemen takes Boarders generally, though each has occa- 
 sionally accommodated a few. 
 
 The following is a List of the HEAD MASTEES of this 
 School, from the earliest period of the records : 
 In 1632. CHRISTOPHER HARVEY, M. A. 
 1633. DAVID MEREDITH, B. A. 
 1644. EDWARD MEREDITH, B. A. 
 1648. JOHN HANLEY, M. A. 
 1653. JOHN GRIFFITHS, B. D 
 
 1683. JEREMIAH GRIFFITHS, M. A. 
 
 1684. STEPHEN LEWIS, B. A. 
 1700. EVAN LEWIS. 
 
 1702. Ho WELL JONES, M. A. 
 17 17- JOHN GRIFFIN, B. A. 
 1766. WILLIAM WHALLEY, M. A. 
 1792. JOHN BISSELL, B. D.
 
 500 HEREFORD. [KING-TON. 
 
 Many highly respectable Characters have been educated 
 in this Seminary ; and it is seldom without Scholars in a state 
 of preparation for the Universities. 
 
 The Master is required, according to the Will of The 
 pious Foundress, to preach a Sermon in Kington Church on 
 every Wednesday Morning, or upon some other day, which 
 shall be thought convenient, throughout the year. 
 The present TRUSTEES are, 
 
 The Owner of Hergest Court, who has two voices. 
 
 The Owner of the Manor of West Hergest, who has one 
 voice. 
 
 The Bishop of the Diocese, who has one voice. 
 
 The Lord or Owner of Eardisley Castle, who has one 
 voice. 
 
 These elect Thirteen Gentlemen of the neighbourhood to 
 assist in their deliberations, who are denominated FEOFFEES, 
 and a majority of them make one voice. And when vacan- 
 cies occur by death, removal, or otherwise, elections are 
 made to supply the deficiency.
 
 KINNERSLEY.] HEREFORD. 501. 
 
 KINNERSLEY, near WEOBLEY. 
 
 THE FEEE SCHOOL at KINNERSLEY is entitled to an annual 
 Stipend of 6..2..0., payable out of the Land Revenue of 
 the Crown. 
 
 No answer has been received to the repeated applications 
 of the Author.
 
 502 HEREFORD. [LEDBURY. 
 
 LEDBURY. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at LEDBURY, situate in The 
 Church Lane, is supposed to have been founded at the time 
 of the Reformation, and an annual Salary of 3. .11.. 3. is 
 payable out of the Land Revenue of the Crown from funds 
 arising from the sale of Lands at that period, for teaching 
 FOUR boys of the Town and Parish of Ledbury, free of 
 expense. 
 
 Children are admitted at seven or eight years of age, and 
 are discharged when they have attained a knowledge of 
 reading, writing, and arithmetic. Besides the Four boys 
 upon the Foundation, there are usually from 40 to 80 other 
 Scholars educated at the School, who pay l..!6..0. per an- 
 num, each. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. WILLIAM HUMPHRIES, whose 
 Salary is the Crown payment, together with the building 
 containing the Schoolroom, with a kitchen, sitting-room, 
 bedchambers, and offices, rent free. 
 
 The Masters of this School were formerly Ministers of 
 the Church of England, but for the last Thirty years Lay- 
 men have been appointed. The Revd. WILLIAM STEELE, 
 who was the last Clerical Master, taught the Classics, but 
 not to the Four free boys. 
 
 On a vacancy the Master is chosen by the Parishioners at 
 a Vestry Meeting ; And the School-house is repaired by the 
 Church-wardens at the charge of the Parish.
 
 LUCTON.] 
 
 HEREFORD. 
 
 503 
 
 LUCTON. 
 
 THE FEEE SCHOOL in LUCTON was founded by JOHN 
 PIERREPONT, Citizen and Vintner of London, by Indenture 
 bearing date the 7th of December, 1708, and endowed with 
 the Tythes of Lucton, Eyton, Luston, Bircher alias Bur- 
 chall, and Yarpool alias Yerpool, in the County of Here- 
 ford. 
 
 And, by an Act passed in the 7th of Queen ANNE, The 
 Preacher of the Charter-House, The Rector of St. Botolph 
 without Bishopsgate, The Rector of St. Peter's in Cornhill, 
 The Preacher of Gray's Inn, The President of Sion Col- 
 lege, The School-master of The Charter-house, The Com- 
 mon Serjeant of the City of London, and The Master of 
 The Merchant Taylors' Free School, all for the time being,
 
 504 HEREFORD. [LUCTON. 
 
 were constituted a Body Corporate and Politic, having 
 perpetual Succession, under the name of " THE GOVERN- 
 ORS of THE FREE SHOOL in LUCTON founded by JOHN 
 
 PlERKEPONT." 
 
 To the original Endowment several additions have been 
 made, particularly the Tythes and Vicarage of Orleton, 
 and Overton Farm and other lands all in the same Parish. 
 
 In the latter end of May, 1709, The Founder gave a 
 Code of " RULES, STATUTES, and ORDINANCES," for the 
 government of The School : which he afterwards altered 
 and enlarged by his Will ; and of which the following ab- 
 stract will convey a general idea, as well as of the interpre- 
 tations and additions that have been made to them by The 
 Governors. 
 
 At the Institution of The School, provision was made for a 
 Master, and Usher only; the latter being required to teach Wri- 
 ting, Arithmetic, and Mathematics generally, as well as Eng- 
 lish and Latin Grammar. In less than three years, The Foun- 
 der made an additional arrangement for a Writing Master, when 
 the duties of the Usher became altogether grammatical. It does 
 not, however, appear that the Funds were ever sufficient for an 
 Usher and Writing Master at the same time. 
 
 It is required that the School-master be a Master of Arts or 
 Bachelor -of Laws, having taken such Degree in one of The 
 Universities of Oxford or Cambridge. 
 
 At eve.ry Election preference shall be given to Merit, or such 
 Candidate as shall have been bred up at the School, being duly 
 qualified . In every instance high qualifications are demanded, and 
 especially a strict and attached conformity to the Doctrines and 
 Discipline of the Church of England. 
 
 The School-master shall reside constantly in the House, and 
 shall not accept of, or take upon him any Cure of Souls, or the 
 office of Preaching, or the constant and ordinary Service of any 
 Church or Chapel, except the Church of Lucton, upon pain of 
 being removed as School-master ; nor shall he take upon him 
 any other Office or Business, under the like Penalty. 
 
 The School is " for the Instruction of Children in Religion, 
 Grammar Learning, Writing, Arithmetic, and Mensuration," of 
 such poor Parents as are not able to bear the charge of training up 
 their Children so as to be tit for The University, or to be put out
 
 LUCTON.] HEREFORD. 505 
 
 Apprentices, Services, or other Employments, whereby they may 
 get an honest and competent livelihood. 
 
 The Boys shall be elected from the several Parishes, Hamlets, 
 Precincts, and Townships of Lucton, Croft, Yarpool, Bircher, 
 Luston, Eyton, Kingsland, Shobdon, and Aymestrey in the 
 County of Hereford, indifferently, and not elsewhere, unless 
 those Places fail of affording a sufficient number of FIFTY Boys, 
 qualified as aforesaid. 
 
 The Boys shall be between the ages of Seven and Thirteen at 
 the time of Election, and be able to read distinctly the Lord's 
 Prayer, Creed, Commandments, and a Chapter in The New 
 Testament. And they shall be sound and free from infectious 
 Distempers. 
 
 The Boys shall be of Two SORTS : 
 
 First, Of such whose Parents whether Labourers or Free- 
 holders, who shall not have in their own right, lands or tene- 
 ments above the yearly value of 20., according to the Parish 
 Rate, or rent or otherwise manage at the same time lands or 
 above the yearly value of 50. The number of this description 
 shall not exceed Fifty, and they shall be taught free of expense. 
 
 Second, Of such whose Parents have not in their own right, 
 lands or hereditaments above the yearly value of 50. ; or either 
 together with or without their own estate do not rent or manage 
 lands above the yearly value of 100. The Boys of this descrip- 
 tion shall not exceed Thirty in number, and shall pay Ten 
 Shillings per annum each. 
 
 The limitation upon the property of Parents has in both 
 instances been much extended; in the first case, to One 
 Hundred, and in the latter, to Three Hundred Pounds. It 
 is intended to be merely a nominal limitation, in order that 
 the benefits of the School may be enjoyed generally by the 
 sons of Yeomen, unless the Complement were full. The 
 annual Payment of each of these Thirty Boys has likewise 
 been increased to Twenty Shillings per annum. 
 
 Each boy at his Election shall produce a Certificate from 
 the Minister of his Parish, showing his age and qualifications. 
 No boy shall receive the benefit of the School for longer 
 than Eight years, nor after his age of Seventeen years. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are those in use ; 
 and the Madras system of Education has lately been 
 introduced.
 
 506 HEREFORD. [Ltcrox. 
 
 The Founder directed, that an EXHIBITION of 20. per 
 annum should be granted once in Two years without restric- 
 tion as to College, so that it were in Oxford or Cambridge. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOSEPH HEATH, 
 M. A., late Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, whose 
 Salary and Emoluments are about 120. per annum, 
 together with the Stipend of the Chapel contiguous to the 
 School. For the Master's residence there is a capital 
 Mansion-House, with every convenience and 15 acres of 
 land adjoining : The Taxes also are paid by The Corpora- 
 tion; and the Master has permission to take a limited 
 number of Pupils (Twenty) on his own account, his present 
 annual charge, for the Board and Education of each, being 
 Thirty-three Pounds. 
 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS, with the 
 date of their appointment : 
 
 In 1708. The Revd. GEORGE STEVENS. 
 1723. The Revd. THOMAS TEINGHAM. 
 1759. The Revd. ROBERT SIMPKINSON, M. A. 
 1801. The Revd. JOHN THOMAS, M. A. 
 1816. The Revd. JOSEPH HEATH, M.A., who was 
 elected on the 13th of March, 1816. 
 
 The Governors have in their Patronage, besides the 
 Curacy of Lucton, the Vicarage of Orleton about 200. per 
 annum, and the Curacy of Eyton 73..10..0. 
 
 For the further benefit of this School, the benevolent 
 Founder expressed a desire, that, when it's Revenue would 
 permit, some Cloathing should be given to the boys, and Six 
 boys chosen annually to be apprenticed with a Fee of 5., 
 and a Donation also of 10. to such, as should produce a 
 Certificate of having served their time faithfully. 
 
 In the year 1809, The Governors were enabled to clothe 
 the Fjfty boys of the First Sort, and they have since 
 annually given a good and handsome Suit, with shoes, 
 stockings, and hat. And instead of Six, there are Eight
 
 LUCTON.] HEREFORD. 5O7 
 
 boys now chosen for Apprenticeships ; And the Gratuity, 
 for good and faithful Service, is increased to 15. A very 
 handsome Bible and Common Prayer Book are likewise 
 given to each boy, when apprenticed. 
 
 The Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry, who are resident in 
 the neighbourhood, are requested by The Governors to be 
 counselling and assisting in the Government of this Charity. 
 With these ASSISTANT GOVERNORS rest the Election of 
 Boys, and the general Direction and Examination of the 
 School ; for which purposes, they hold Meetings on the third 
 Thursdays in June, and December. 
 
 The following is the present List of COUNTRY ASSIST- 
 ANTS : 
 
 In 1787. SOMERSET DAVIES, Esq., of Croft Castle. 
 1797- The Revd. WHITTINGTON LANDON, D. D., 
 Rector of Croft, Dean of Exeter, and Provost 
 of Worcester College, Oxford. 
 
 1798. The Revd. RICE DAVIS EVANS, Rector of 
 Kingsland. 
 
 1798. JAMES KING, Esq., of Stanton Court. 
 
 1799. The Revd. JAMES THOMAS ALLEN, Rector of 
 Shobdon. 
 
 1800. BENJAMIN THOMAS, M. D., of Kington. 
 1802. The Right Honble. The Earl of ESSEX, Cashio- 
 
 bury, Herts. 
 
 1 805. The Revd. JAMES L,ANDON,Vicar of Aymestrey. 
 
 1805. THOMAS KING, Esq., of Noke Court, Leo- 
 minster. 
 
 1807. The Right Honble. The Earl of OXFORD, 
 Eywood. 
 
 1808. WILLIAM HANBURY, Esq., of Shobdon Court. 
 1810. EDWARD EVANS, Esq., of Ey ton-Hall, Leo- 
 minster. 
 
 1817. The Revd. JOHN MILLER, of Croft. 
 
 JOHN DUNN, Esq., M. D., of Gatley Park.
 
 508 HERTFORD. [SAINT ALBAN'S. 
 
 SAINT ALBAN'S. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at SAINT ALBAN'S is of very 
 a,ncient origin, and of great celebrity. 
 
 SALMON says, that GARINE the Twentieth Abbot of this 
 renowned Abbey, and his brother MATTHEW who was Prior 
 after him, built a School in this Borough, " which had the 
 greatest number of Scholars of any in England." Mr. 
 CLUTTERBUCK mentions this Abbot by the name of WARREN, 
 and records his death as having occurred in the year 1195. 
 
 In the Second and Third year of King EDWARD the Sixth, 
 1548, a Private Act of Parliament was obtained by RICHARD 
 BOREMAN, who was the Fortieth and last A.bbot, for erect- 
 ing a Grammar School " in St. Alban's, or elsewhere within 
 the Liberty or County." 
 
 But, on the 12th of May, 1553, the School was formally 
 established, by virtue of a Charter of that date, granted to 
 the Borough by King EDWARD the Sixth, by which the 
 Mayor and Burgesses were empowered to erect one Grammar 
 School within the Church of St. Alban, or in any other con- 
 venient place within the Borough, and to make Statutes and 
 Ordinances for the government of the same. Power was also 
 given to any of His Majesty's Subjects, to alienate lands and 
 other possessions for it's support, to the annual value of 40., 
 notwithstanding the Statute of mortmain. 
 
 Queen MARY, by her Qharter, dated the 10th of Decem- 
 ber, 1553, confirmed the Charter of EDWARD the Sixth. 
 
 Queen ELIZABETH also, by her Charter dated the 7th of 
 February 1559-60, confirmed both the former Charters; 
 And, upon the humble Petition of Sir NICHOLAS BACON, 
 Lord Keeper, by her Charter dated at Gorhambury, on the
 
 SAINT ALBAN'S.] HERTFORD. 509 
 
 24th of March, 1569-70, for the relief and maintenance of 
 the Master and the School, granted a power to the Mayor 
 and Burgesses " of appointing and licensing Two discreet 
 and honest Inhabitants within the Borough, to sell and 
 utter there all manner of Wine by any measure to their best 
 profit, and to keep one Wine Tavern each ; and ordained, 
 that no other person should sell or expose to sale any Wine 
 within the said Borough, under the penalty of 20. for each 
 offence, upon condition that the Mayor and Burgesses should 
 cause the said sum of 20. to be annually paid to the 
 Schoolmaster of the said Grammar School." 
 
 King JAMES the First also, by his Charter dated at 
 Westminster the 10th of May 1611, recited the several 
 Grants made to the School by EDWARD the Sixth and Queen 
 ELIZABETH, and also another Grant, whereby His Majesty, 
 by Letters Patent dated at Westminster the 1 8th of Decem- 
 ber 1606, had granted liberty to ROBERT WOLLEY, during 
 the term of his life, and after his decease to his sons LEONARD 
 and ROBERT, to keep a Tavern, and retail all manner of 
 'Wines within the Borough, paying yearly to The Mayor 
 and Burgesses, for the use of the Free Grammar School, as 
 an augmentation of the Stipend yearly paid to the Master, 
 Four marks yearly ; to the intent that the several Rents of 
 20., and Four marks, should continue hereafter to the 
 Mayor and Burgesses. His Majesty afterwards, by the same 
 Charter, granted that within the Borough and two miles 
 thereof, there should be no more than THREE Wine Taverns, 
 and that after the death of ROBERT WOLLEY and his two 
 sons LEONARD and ROBERT, they, the said Mayor and 
 Burgesses, might appoint one other discreet and honest 
 person, besides the two persons appointed by the Charter of 
 Queen ELIZABETH, to sell Wine within the Borough under 
 the same conditions ; and gave the Mayor and Burgesses a 
 power to seize any Wine which should be sold contrary to 
 the tenor of this Grant in the Borough, or within two miles
 
 510 HERTFORD, [St. ALBAN'S. 
 
 thereof, and to imprison the Offender 'till he should bind 
 himself to the Mayor and Burgesses, that he would not 
 hereafter commit the like offence. 
 
 - In all the general Acts of Parliament, imposing Duties 
 upon Wine, there are exceptions expressly confirming the 
 powers and authorities, given by these Charters, in respect 
 to those Three Wine Taverns. 
 
 By the Statute of the Thirtieth of GEORGE the Second, 
 1757, it is provided, "That the Mayor and Burgesses of 
 the Borough of St. Alban, in the County of Hertford, shall 
 not be debarred from enjoying and exercising all such liber- 
 ties and powers as were heretofore granted to them by seve- 
 ral Letters Patent under the Great Seal by Queen ELIZA- 
 BETH and King JAMES the First, for erecting and licencing 
 Three several Wine Taverns within the said Borough, 
 towards the maintenance of THE FREE SCHOOL there ; but 
 the same liberties and powers are established and confirmed 
 to them by this Act, for the Charitable use aforesaid, accord- 
 ing to the tenor of the said Letters Patent." * 
 
 In Easter Term 1803, an Information at the Suit of the 
 King, in the name of The Attorney General, was filed against 
 ANN MARKS in the Court of Exchequer, for three penalties 
 of 20. each, under these Charters, for selling Wine with- 
 out license from the Mayor and Aldermen, altliough she had 
 a licence from the Commissioners of Excise. In Trinity 
 Term, 1804, Judgement was given for the Crown; and, by 
 this decision, the validity of the Charters was fully estab- 
 lished. 
 
 This power of granting licences for the sale of Wine, in 
 exclusion of the common Wine Licences from the Commis- 
 sioners of Excise, is said to be confined to the Two English 
 Universities, and the Borough of St. Alban. 
 
 In consequence of the Endowment of Queen ELIZABETH, 
 which was evidently the vital principle of the School, Her 
 Majesty has always been considered the Royal Foundress ;
 
 ST.ALBAN'S.] HERTFORD. 511 
 
 and in the inner Cloisters, over the entrance into the School, 
 are four Latin verses commemorative of the circumstance. 
 
 Those Three Wine Licences formerly produced only 
 22. .13. .4. per annum. But, for nearly Fifty years, prior 
 to 1804, they were usually let at 45. From the latter 
 period they have been let by auction on leases, successively* 
 for Three years, and have in general averaged, about 30. 
 per annum each : But they are now let at 28. each. 
 
 It does not appear in what way Sir RALPH ROWLET, and 
 URSULA GARRETT, were benefactors ; but they both stand 
 prominent, the former being the first named on the Tablet 
 after the Queen, and the name of the latter being expressly 
 mentioned in the Prayers for Benefactors on the first estab- 
 lishment of the School. Have these benefactions been mis- 
 applied and lost to the Charity ? 
 
 Some time before the year 1595, RICHARD RAYNSHAW, 
 Esq., Serjeant at Arms, gave certain Copyhold lands in the 
 Manor of Newland Squillers, in the Parish of St. Peter, 
 containing Ity admeasurement 37 a . 3 r . 3 P ., upon special trust 
 and confidence, that the profits of the same should be applied 
 for the commodity and profit of THE FREE GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL of the Borough of St. Alban. By Indenture of 
 FeofFmeat, bearing date the }3th of July, 1686, these lands 
 were enfranchised by the Lord and Lady of the Manor, 
 ROBERT ROBOTHAM, Esq., and MARTHA his Wife, and 
 were conveyed to Trustees for the like purpose. In 1782, 
 HENRY FOTHERLEY WHITFELD, Esq., of Rickmersworth, 
 was the Heir of the last surviving Trustee. 
 
 These lands were for many years let to one of the Alder- 
 men, at the low rent of 20. They received at that time, 
 upon a lease of Twenty-one years, the trifling augmentation 
 of 5..4..0. ; and when that Lease expired at Michaelmas 
 1808, the present Head Master judiciously suggested to the 
 Trustees the propriety and advantage of letting the estate by 
 Public Auction ; and ultimately prevailed upon them so to
 
 512 HERTFORD. [SAINT ALBAN'S. 
 
 do. From the consequent competition of Bidders, a Lease 
 of Fourteen years was taken of this same land, by the preced- 
 ing Occupier, at the annual Rent of 84.. 19.. ! 
 
 Before the enfranchisement of this Estate, it appears by 
 an Order of The Court of Chancery made in 1604, that JOHN 
 ROBOTHAM, Lord of the Manor of Newland Squitters, hav- 
 ing refused to admit the persons, then offering to be admitted, 
 as Trustee of the Copyhold lands so given by Mr. RAYN- 
 s HAW, was ordered so to do, and to pay a Fine of 10., 
 and he was further committed to The Fleet Prison by the 
 then Chancellor, Lord ELLESMERE, for a contempt, in 
 using these words, " that the Decree was a cozening Decree, 
 and that the same was made under a Hedge," but he was 
 released upon submission, and compliance with the Order, 
 which is now in the Town Chest of the Borough. 
 
 RICHARD PLAT, Citizen of London, by Indenture, during 
 the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, conveyed to the Mayor and 
 Burgesses, and their Successors for ever, one Messuage, then 
 in the occupation of JOHN MIDWINTER, or his' Under-Ten- 
 ants, for the support of The Free School; the rents of which 
 have been accounted for, ever since the year 1608, to the 
 School. This house was situate in the central part of the 
 Town, and was formerly occupied by one of the Ushers ; 
 but it was unfortunately burnt down in the year 1745. The 
 vacant space was afterwards let for l..70. per annum. 
 But, upon the recommendation of the present Head Master, 
 the ground was let upon a building lease for the term of 61 
 years, by Deed bearing date the 3d of August 1808, the 
 Contractor agreeing to expend 350., and to pay a ground 
 rent of 2..5..0. per annum. And a handsome Brick house 
 is now raised upon the site of the old Messuage. 
 
 THOMAS HALL, M. D., and MARGARET his Wife, in 
 1582, surrendered certain Copyhold lands called " Clay- 
 pits? in the Manor of Kingsbury and Parish of St. Michael, 
 containing Nine acres, to THOMAS WOOLLEY, JOHN CARTER,
 
 SAINT ALBAN'S.] HERTFORD. 513 
 
 and JOHN CLAEKE, and their heirs and assigns for ever, 
 upon Trust, to pay yearly, for ever, Gd. to Eighty of the 
 poorest people of this Town on Good Friday, - and also on 
 every Palm Sunday, 4d. to Sixty of the poor people of the 
 Town of Hertford, and 2. per annum to The Under 
 Master of The Free Grammar School of St. Alban's, half 
 yearly, at Michaelmas and Lady-day in each year. 
 
 But, unfortunately, through default of the appearance of 
 the heir of WILLIAM YOUNG, the last surviving Trustee, 
 this land was seized on the 30th of June, 1760, by the Lord 
 of the Manor. And, as no measures have as yet been adopt- 
 ed, even by the legal Guardians of the Poor, to recover it, 
 it has remained in the hands of the Lord ever since. This 
 land is now let at the advanced rent of 35. per annum ; 
 and of course, it becomes an object of some consequence. 
 The Noble Peer who is now possessed of this estate, may 
 not, possibly, be acquainted with the nature of the original 
 grant ; or, from the well known liberalky of His Lordship, a 
 spontaneous re-grant might probably follow. 
 
 The Mayor and Aldermen were formerly not only the 
 Patrons, but sole Trustees of the Revenues of the School. But, 
 upon some supposed misapplication of part of the money, 
 The Revd. JOSEPH SPOONER, then Head Master, filed a 
 Bill in Chancery, on the 19th of January 1782, praying to 
 have the full benefit of the Revenue, and new Trustees ap- 
 pointed, and the Arrears paid. 
 
 Whereupon the Court decreed, on the 16th of May, 
 1787, that EIGHT TRUSTEES of the Charity lands should be 
 appointed, that Four should be electe&Jrom the Corpora- 
 tion, and Four out of the Corporation, That vacancies, 
 occasioned by death, resignation, or removal, should be 
 afterwards filled, if a Member of the Corporation, by the 
 Mayor and Aldermen, if not so, by the remainder of the 
 other Four Trustees, That the Charity lands should be 
 conveyed to all the said Trustees, (which was accordingly 
 
 VOL. i. LI
 
 514 HERTFORD. [SAINT ALBAX'S. 
 
 done by Deeds, bearing date the 8th and 9th of February, 
 1787)5 That the Mayor and Aldermen should continue to 
 have the management and the letting of the Wine Licenses, 
 but should pay the produce thereof, when received, on the 
 Feast of ALL SAINTS in every year to the said Eight Trus- 
 tees, or any one of them appointed by the majority, That 
 the said Eight Trustees should annually meet in the Town- 
 Hall on the Feast of All Saints (if the same should not hap- 
 pen on a Sunday, and if the same should happen on a Sun- 
 day, then on a following day) to receive from the Mayor 
 and Aldermen the produce of the Wine Licenses, and to 
 pass their Accompts for the preceding year, And to make 
 such Orders and Regulations for the government of the 
 School, as they should think fit, " so as any such Orders 
 and Regulations should not be contrary to or inconsistent 
 with the Regulations before contained, or the Charters of 
 Foundation of the said School." 
 
 The ORDERS and REGULATIONS for the government of the 
 School, which were devised by Sir NICHOLAS BACON, Knt., 
 Lord Keeper, on the 17th of May, 1570, are, from the 
 change of Manners, become for the most part obsolete in 
 practice. They are as follow, 
 
 " First, it is ordered that, by the Maior and the Burgesses, or 
 the more part of the said Burgesses, there shalji be yearly on the 
 day of the Feast of All Saints chosen Two honest and substan- 
 tial! persons of the Inhabitants within the said Burrough, to be 
 GOVERNORS of the said School for the year following ; whose 
 Office shall be, to see the Schoolmaster truely paid his Wages 
 Quarterly, to see the School kept in good repair,, and to see that 
 the Schoolmaster and the Schollers doe performe all the Orders 
 and Rules hereafter specified, concerning the said School. 
 
 Item, it is further ordered, that the said Governors, upon the 
 Quarterly payment of the said Wages, shall receive an acquit- 
 tance of the Schoolmaster for the time being, witnessing that he 
 hath received of the said Maior and the Burgesses by the hands 
 of the said Governors 5. of good and lawfull money of Eng- 
 land towards the payment of his wages for keeping of the said 
 School : which acquittance so to be made, shall be brought in
 
 SAINT ALBAN'S.] HERTFORD. 515 
 
 before the said Maior and the Burgesses by the said Governors 
 in the end of their year of Sendee on the day of the Feast of 
 All Saints, and shall be safely bestowed by the said Maior 
 and the said Burgesses for the discharge of the said wages. 
 
 Item, it is further ordered, that the said Governors shall yearly 
 on the said day of All Saints make declaration before the said 
 Maior and the said Burgesses of all their doeings, concerning 
 the said Schoolmaster and Schollars, or any of them, and there- 
 upon the said Maior and the Burgesses shall take such good 
 order for the good maintenance of the said School in all points, 
 as to their discrecion shall be thought meet and convenient. 
 
 Item, it is ordered, that the said Governors, to be chosen 
 as aforesaid, shall upon their eleccion be sworn truely to execute 
 the charges before remembered and committed unto them. 
 
 Item, that every Schoooku aster before he be admitted into 
 his office shall be before the Maior and the Burgesses, or the 
 more part of them, and take the Oath mentioned in the Statute 
 anno Primo of the Queen's Majestie that now is, according as 
 by the Statute of anno Quinto of her reign all Schoolmasters be 
 appointed. 
 
 Item, it is also ordered, that the said Schoolmaster and Schol- 
 lars shall every Sunday, and Holyday, repair unto St. Alban's 
 Church, and there shall continue from the beginning of Morn- 
 ing and Evening Service to the ending of them, and there shall 
 sitt together in the Chancell or some place of the Church as the 
 Parson, Churchwardens, and Schoolmaster shall agree. And 
 shall after the Schoolmaster or Curate say one time during their 
 abode there in the fforenoon, kneeling on their knees, either 
 immediately before Service, or in some othej" time during 
 Service, The Lord's Prayer, The Ten Commandments, and 
 Prayers for the Royal Foundress and the Benefactors of the 
 School. 
 
 Item, it is ordered, that the said Schoolmaster and Children 
 shall every working-day upon their knees in the School, in the 
 Morning at their first coming, say The Suffrages, The Lord's 
 Prayer, and the Prayers before remembered, And evey Even- 
 ing, before they depart the School, The Ten Commandments, 
 The Lord's Prayer, and The Creed. 
 
 Item, the Schoolmaster shall daily every learning-day, from 
 the 25th of March unto the 30th of September, be at the School 
 by the stroke of Sir of the clock in the Morning, and every 
 learning-day from the 30th of September unto the 25th of March 
 by the stroke of Seaven of the clock in the Morning, and there 
 shall continue in teaching untill Eleaven of the clock. And 
 shall be at the School again by One of the clock in the After- 
 noon, and shall abide there until Five of the clock in teaching. 
 
 Item, that every Schollar shall be at School from the 25th of
 
 516 HERTFORD. [SAINT ALBAN'S. 
 
 March unto the 30th of September by Six of the clock in the 
 Morning, and from the 30th of September unto the 25th of 
 March by Seaven of the clock in the Morning, and daily at One 
 of the clock in the afternoon ; and they shall go home to din- 
 ner at Eleaven of the clock, and at Five of the clock to Supper. 
 
 Item, the Schoolmaster and Schollars shall keep School every 
 Saturday, and every halfe Holyday until Three of the clock in the 
 Afternoon. 
 
 Item, the number of the Schollars to be taught in the School 
 shall not be above the number of ONE HUNDRED and TWENTY. 
 
 Item, poor men's children shall be received into the said 
 School before others. 
 
 Item, the Schoolmaster shall admitt none into the School 
 without the consent of the Governors, neither shall the Govern- 
 ors put in any without the Schoolmaster have made due examin- 
 ation of the aptness of every such child towards learning, and 
 shall allow of him. 
 
 Item, the Schollars shall learn perfectly by heart the Articles 
 of the Christian Faith, The Lord's Prayer, The Ten Command- 
 ments, and all such other things concerning the Christian Faith 
 and Religion, both in the English and Latins tongues. And the 
 Schoolmaster shall every Saturday in the Afternoon make proofe 
 and instruct his Schollarg for their perfectness therein. 
 
 Item, if any thing shall be broaken or any hurt done in any- 
 thing belonging to the School by any of the Schollars, the same 
 shall be repaired forthwith and amended at the charges of the 
 friends of the Child that did that hurt. If the friends refuse to 
 amend the said hurt, being thereunto required, upon such refusal 
 the child that did the hurt shall be banished the School untill his 
 friends have satisfied the said hurt. 
 
 Item, the Schoolmaster shall have his wages of 20. paid him 
 yearly on the days of the Feasts of Midsummer, St. Michael 
 Th'archangell, The Nativity of Our Lord Christ ; and Th'an- 
 nunciacion of Our Lady, by even portions, in the Schoolhouse 
 without any further delay. 
 
 Item, the said Schoolmaster shall not be absent (except it be 
 for sickness) above Thirty days in the year, and never above Sir 
 days together, and that but at such tune as the Governors of the 
 School for the time being shall allow of. 
 
 Item, the Schoolmaster shall have no other Service or Charge 
 that might withdraw him from doing of his duty due to be done 
 as Schoolmaster. 
 
 Item, the Schoolmaster shall keep no house in the School. 
 
 Item, that every person who shall put a child to the said 
 School shall, upon the admission, pay 12rf. to the repairing of the 
 said School to the use of the said School, except it be a poor 
 man's son who is not well able to pay the same.
 
 SAINT ALBAN'S.] HERTFORD. 517 
 
 Memorandum, for an order to be taken for an Usher. 
 Item, that none shall be received into the School, but such as 
 have learned their Accidence without booke, and can write 
 indifferently. 
 
 Item, that once every year the Maior and Governors of the 
 said School shall cause Two learned men (such as they can 
 gett) to visit the said School and examine the Schcllars of the 
 said School, whereby it may appear how the same Schollars have 
 profitted in learning, and how the said Schoolmaster hath done 
 his duty in teaching them, and observed the Rules prescribed. 
 
 Item, that all such money as shall happen to be paid for the 
 admission of the Children into The Free School, and all other 
 sums of money such as shall be given by any person at the time 
 of his death, or otherwise to the use of the Free School afore- 
 said, and the reparacions thereof, shall remain from time to time 
 for ever in the hands of the Governors of the same School for 
 the time being and their Successors, Governors of the said 
 School, who shall at the Feast of All Saints yearly make pay- 
 ment thereof and yield a true accompt of the same to the Maior 
 and Burgesses, and they to deliver over the same to the new 
 Governors of the said School, who shall at the said Feast make 
 like accompt for the year following, and so to have continuance 
 successively for ever. 
 
 ARTICLES to be recited to them that shall offer their Children 
 to be taught in the School. 
 
 Ye shall submitt your child to be ordered in all things, 
 according to the discrecion of the Schoolmaster. 
 
 Ye shall find your child ink, paper, pens, wax-candles for 
 Winter, and all other things at any time requisite and necessary 
 for the maintenance of his study. 
 
 Ye shall allow your child at all times, a bow, three arrows, 
 bowstrings, a shooting glove, and a bracer, to exercise shooting. 
 Ye shall see dilligently from time to time, that your child 
 keep duely the ordinary hours and times in coming to School. 
 
 Item, if your child be absent above three days in a Quarter 
 (except he be sick), that then he shall be banished the School. 
 
 Item, if a Schollar be banished and displaced by his absence 
 above three days together in a Quarter (except by reason of 
 sickness), that then upon a special suit made by the Parents of 
 the child to the Schoolmaster and the Governors, it shall be 
 lawfull for them at their discrecion to re-admitt him, so that his 
 Parents pay at his re- admittance 12d. to the Schoolmaster. 
 
 Item, if your child shall prove unapt for learning, that then 
 upon warning thereof given, ye shall take him away. And 
 again, if he prove apt, then that ye shall suffer him to remain 
 till he be competently learned.
 
 518 HERTFORD. [SAINT ALBAX'S. 
 
 Item, the time for the Schollars to go to play, is referred to 
 the discrecion of the Schoolmaster to be once in a week and not 
 above, except by further admittance of the Governors. 
 
 A Proviso to alter, add unto, change, amend, put out, or 
 diminish any of the aforesaid statutes. 
 
 Provided always, that it shall be lawful for the Maior and the 
 Ten principal Burgesses for the time being, or the most part of 
 them (the Maior for the time being One), may add, and put any 
 new Constitutions or Ordinances unto these above said, for the 
 Common-wealth and benefit of the said School, so as they shall 
 not be contrary or repugnant, nor annulling any of the Consti- 
 tutions or Ordinances before remembered. And yet nevertheless 
 the rest of the said Constitutions, Statutes, Ordinances, and 
 Laws, and every of them not being altered, changed, amended, 
 put out, diminished or added unto, shall stand in their full force 
 and strength, untill any of them be altered, changed, amended, 
 put out or diminished, according to the true meaning of the 
 making of them, any sentence or clause in this Proviso to the 
 contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 Item, it is also ordered, that these Rules and Ordinances be 
 once in a year on the Feast of All Saints read in the presence 
 of the Maior, Burgesses, School-master, and Governors. In 
 witness whereof as well the said Sir NICHOLAS as the said Maior 
 and Burgesses have put their hands and Seals, &c." 
 
 By an Order of The Corporation, on the 13th of June, 
 1602, the Master was to be paid 4d. Quarterly by every 
 Scholar inhabiting within the limits of the Borough, and 
 12d. by those without the Borough. 
 
 It was at the same time ordered, that the Usher should 
 have a Salary of 8. per annum, and should also have 
 similar payments, as the Master, from the Scholars under 
 his care. 
 
 And that every Scholar, whose friends should refuse to 
 make such payments, or, who should stubbornly resist cor- 
 rection, should be displaced by The Governors. 
 
 On the 12th of August, 1635, these orders were more 
 strictly enjoined, 
 
 The Mayor and Burgesses having observed, " that many 
 Parents (upon hope to benefit their children more than the gencrall) 
 have secretly exceeded the rates aforesaid, being the ancient rates 
 settle at the Foundation of The Free School : And finding by
 
 SAINT ALBAN'S.] HERTFORD. 519 
 
 experience that, for that cause, the said Schoolmasters and 
 Ushers of the said School have applied themselves in their pains 
 and affections much more to the children of such parents than the 
 generall; whereby the generall have been much neglected and 
 hindered in their learning (for the good of which generall the 
 School was chiefly founded)," they, therefore, for the preven- 
 tion of the like inconvenience for the time to come, wisely 
 ordained, " that if any Parent or Friend of any Schollar or 
 Schollars of the same School now being, or hereafter to be 
 admitted into the said School, shall directly or indirectly exceed 
 the said ancient rates to the intents before mentioned, and the 
 same shall be well known or sufficiently proved to the said 
 Maior and Principal Burgesses, or their successors in time to 
 come, that then and from thenceforth the Schollar and Schollars 
 of such Parents and Friends shall be excluded out of the said 
 School, and not to be admitted thither again but at the will and 
 pleasure of the said Maior and Principal Burgesses and their 
 successors, and at and upon the special instance and request of 
 their Parents or Friends to be made to the said Maior and 
 Burgesses, and upon faithfull promise not so again to exceed 
 the said auncient rates." 
 
 At a Court holden at the Council Chamber, on the 9th of 
 April, 1630, " upon a Petition made in the name of the 
 whole Town," for the reformation of some abuses and 
 neglects in the School, and for the establishing of some good 
 order in teaching, that might tend " to the virtuous and 
 well breeding of young children in Learning and Virtue, 
 which it is supposed cannot be well effected without the aid, 
 countenance, and assistance of men of worth, endued with 
 Learning and well effected jn Religion," they, therefore, 
 thought it fit, " to name and make choice of some Knights, 
 Gentlemen, and Preachers," (Twelve in number) to aid and 
 assist the Mayor and Burgesses, as VISITORS, in the govern- 
 ment of the School, and in setting down a fit method to be 
 used and practised in teaching in the same, and in making 
 wholesome Laws and Constitutions, and appointed the 
 20th of July, and the 15th of December, as the times of 
 Visitation. 
 
 This appears to have been a favourite measure, for some 
 of the Visitors being dead and removed, " whereby for want
 
 520 HERTFORD. [SAINT ALBAN'S. 
 
 of such assistance the said good work is much weakened, 
 and the good intencion of the Maior and Principal Bur- 
 gesses made frustrate," they, therefore, " for the reviving 
 and in pursuance of so good an order," on the 13th of 
 February 1645, ratified the proceedings of the former Court, 
 and " for the vigorous execucion of the same," nominated a 
 similar number of Visitors as before. 
 
 This " so good an order " was again revived, and Visitors 
 nominated, on the 15th of December, 1714. 
 
 The election of the Masters remains with the Mayor and 
 Aldermen, but the government of the School is now vested 
 in the EIGHT TRUSTEES, whose names are as follow, 
 
 JOHN HARRISON, Esq. ~j 
 
 Revd. JAMES CARPENTER GAPE, 
 
 >. Aldermen. 
 Mr. WILLIAM BROWN, 
 
 Mr. JOHN NEWBALL BACON, 
 
 The Right Honble. JAMES WALTER, Earl of VERULAM. 
 
 WILLIAM SNELL, Esq., of Salisbury Hall, in the Parish 
 of Shenley near St. Alban's. 
 
 WILLIAM SMITH, Esq., of St. Alban's. 
 
 JOHN CLARKE, Esq., of Sandridge Bury, near St. Alban's. 
 
 THE SCHOOL itself was formerly part of THE ABBEY 
 CHURCH, being that portion, designated by the name of 
 " The Lady Chapel? or " The Chapel of the Virgin? and 
 communicated with the Presbytery by three pointed arches. 
 These arches are now filled up with masonry, and this 
 Chapel having been separated from the rest of the Church, 
 by a passage leading to the Market-place, now forms THE 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL. This separation, it is supposed, took 
 place during the reign of King EDWARD the Sixth, soon 
 after the Charter was granted to the Inhabitants for the In- 
 corporation of the Borough, by which Charter they were 
 empowered to erect a Grammar School " infra Eccksiam 
 Sancti Albani.'" But the actual conversion and fitting up 
 of the School did not, probably, commence before the endow-
 
 SAINT ALBAN'S.] HERTFORD. 521 
 
 ment by Queen ELIZABETH. This Chapel was originally 
 built by HUGH DE EVERSDEN, the Twenty-seventh Abbot, 
 about the year 1314. In this pious work he was assisted 
 by one REGINALD, a (Jlerk of Rome, and by WALTER DE 
 LANGLEY and ALICIA his Wife. It also received great 
 embellishment from the hand of WHEATHAMSTED, who is 
 said to have expended 40. in it's decorations. The roof is 
 supported by groined arches. It is recorded as the place of 
 interment of the Nobility, who were slain in the first battle 
 of St. Alban s, fought between the Houses of York and 
 Lancaster, on the 23d of May, 1455. It is a spacious 
 building, being upwards of 55 feet in length, 24 feet in 
 breadth, and about 30 feet in height ; and, upon a tablet, 
 are painted Three bunches of Grapes, emblematical of the 
 Three Wine Licenses, with which it is endowed. 
 
 To the School is attached a small LIBRARY, containing 
 good editions of the Classical authors, a few scarce books, 
 and some books in the English language of no great value. 
 To this Library it appears, that Sir SAMUEL GRIMSTON, 
 Bart., BENJAMIN MOTT, Citizen of London, JOSEPH MARSH, 
 Esq., Dr. EVANS, STEPHEN ADAMS, Alderman of this 
 Borough, JOHN COLE, Rector of The Abbey, and CHARLES 
 HALE, Gentlemen, were Benefactors. 
 
 It appears by The Statutes, that the advantage of a free 
 Education at this School, is not confined to the Inhabitants 
 either of any individual Parish, or of the Town in general, 
 or even to the Sons of Freemen of the Borough, but, to the 
 number of ONE HUNDRED and TWENTY Scholars, it is open 
 to all the World. Asa Free Grammar School, the Charters 
 of Foundation require the Master to teach those Scholars 
 the Latin and Greek Classicks only. 
 
 Although no age is mentioned to qualify a boy for admis- 
 sion, yet he is not admissible without a perfect knowledge of 
 his Latin Accidence, and can write " indifferently." 
 
 The system of Education adopted in the School, has
 
 522 HERTFORD. [SAINT ALBAN'S. 
 
 usually depended upon the discretion of the Head Masters, 
 and has probably varied, precisely as they may have re- 
 ceived their own Education, either at WESTMINSTER or at 
 ETON. The late Master, Mr. NICHOLSON, taught the 
 WESTMINSTER Grammars : But now the ETON Grammars 
 only are used ; and a plan of general Instruction is pur- 
 sued. 
 
 It has not been ascertained, that the School possesses any 
 University advantage, in the nature of either EXHIBITION, 
 or SCHOLARSHIP. It has been repeatedly stated, that about 
 50 or 60 years since there existed an Exhibition from this 
 School. But, although the period of time is not very remote, 
 and much inquiry upon the subject has been made, to obtain 
 some certain information, yet it has led to no decisive con- 
 clusion. If there ever were such an Endowment, it was pro- 
 bably a Rent-charge upon some estate in the neighbourhood, 
 which the Proprietor unworthily feels it his interest not to 
 disclose. 
 
 The present Head Master is, WILLIAM MOGG BOWEN, 
 D. D., a Member of All Souls College, Oxford, and Vicar of 
 Shipton Bellinger, in the County of Southampton. This 
 worthy Gentleman receives into his House a few private 
 Pupils, Avho pay for their board Fifty guineas per annum^ 
 and Five guineas as an entrance Fee, if under the age of 
 Sixteen, and attend the common business of the School. 
 But, for Pupils above that age, who receive private instruc- 
 tion, his terms vary in proportion to their domestick indul- 
 gencies, advancing upwards from One hundred guineas per 
 annum. In other branches of Learning different Masters 
 attend to instruct the Scholars ; the number of whom has 
 now, for some years past, fluctuated from 16 to 28. 
 
 The following is a List of the HEAD MASTERS, and 
 USHERS, from the earliest period upon record, 
 
 In 1588. JOHN THOMAS, who is supposed to be the per- 
 son, commemorated by his Successor JOHN
 
 SAINT ALBAN'S.] HERTFORD. 523 
 
 WESTERMAN, under the fanciful designation 
 of " Hylocomiiis.'" 
 
 In 1595. JOHN THOMAS, and THOMAS HAYWARD. 
 1596. THOMAS HAFWARD. 
 
 1601. THOMAS NORTON. - - Mr. MANNING, Usher. 
 
 1602. THOMAS GIBSON. HAMLET MARSHALL, 
 
 Usher. 
 
 1605. LEWIS WILLIAMS, Usher. 
 
 1620. THOMAS STEED. - Mr. CARR, Usher. 
 
 1623. JAMES SHERLEY, A. B., who obtained a grant, 
 on the 2d of Nov r . 1618, of the Reversion of 
 the Mastership, after the death of GIBSON 
 but he does not appear to have possessed it 
 before this Year. Mr. SHERLEY was edu- 
 cated at Merchant Taylors' School, whence 
 he went to St. John's College, Oxford ; and 
 was one of the most eminent Dramatick 
 Poets of his time. 
 
 1625. JOHN WESTERMAN, author of the Verses in 
 memory of his predecessor JOHN THOMAS, 
 still extant upon the wall over the door, which 
 opens into the Chancel of The Abbey Church 
 from the South Aisle. Mr. MARRYOTT, 
 Usher. f 
 
 162<1. JOHN HARMAR, during his Mastership, it ap- 
 pears by a Letter from himself to the Mayor 
 and Burgesses, that King CHARLES the First 
 visited this School ; upon which occasion, 
 three Orations were delivered by three Scho- 
 lars, THOMAS BAILY, ROBERT ROBOTHAM, 
 and RICHARD MANLY. Mr. DOWNES and 
 RICHARD GODDARD, Ushers. 
 
 1636. PLUMTREE. RICHARD GODDARD, 
 
 Usher. 
 
 1637. THOMAS CRESWELL.
 
 524 HERTFORD. [SAINT ALBAN s. 
 
 In 1643. THOMAS CRESWELL, and ALBAN PLUMTREE. 
 1644. ALBAN PLUMTREE. 
 1652. JOHN DITCHFIELD. 
 1659. FRANCIS HANDSLAPE. 
 1662. EDWARD CARTER, M. A., and Archdeacon of 
 
 St. Alban's. 
 1667- EDWARD CARTER, M. A., and CHARLES JAMES, 
 
 D.D. 
 1669. CHARLES JAMES, D. D. 
 
 1684. JOHN JONES, Usher* highly 
 
 celebrated as a Scholar. His Epitaph 
 in Latin is upon the first pillar below 
 ST. CUTHBERTS'S Screen, in the Abbey 
 Church. 
 
 1695. JOHN FOTHERGILL, M. A., .S^w., was discharged 
 in 1725, for appointing Ushers, without the 
 approbation of The Mayor and Aldermen, 
 but on making his submission he was re-elect- 
 ed. He was instituted to the Vicarage of St. 
 Stephen's near St. Alban's, on the 29th of 
 March, 1695; and died in 1728. ROBT. 
 RUMNEY, Usher, afterwards D. D., was in- 
 stituted to the Vicarage of St. Peter's on 
 the 25th of May 1715, and died on the 10th 
 of Deer. 1743. JOHN FOTHERGILL, Junr., 
 Usher. 
 
 1722. JOHN RUMNEY, A. B., Usher, 
 
 was instituted to the Vicarage of 
 St. Stephen's, on the 2d o'f Novr. 
 1728, upon the death of JOHN FO- 
 THERGILL. 
 1728. JOHN FOTHERGILL, M. A., Junr., died in 1739. 
 
 OWEN OWEN, Usher. 
 
 1740. JOHN COLE, M. A., and Archdeacon of St. 
 Alban's.
 
 SAIXT ALBAN'S.] HERTFORD. 525 
 
 In 1754. BENJAMIN PEEEDY, D. D., was of Queen's 
 College, Oxford, and Rector of The Abbey 
 Church. He resigned on the 5th of July, 
 1775. MAEMADUKE WILSON, Usher. 
 
 1775. JAMES PEEEDY, M. A., of Clare Hall, Cam- 
 
 bridge, Vicar of Winslow in Bucks, and Rec- 
 tor of Hinton in Northamptonshire. He 
 resigned on the 6th of March, 1776. 
 
 1776. JOSEPH SPOONEE, was Rector of The Abbey 
 
 Church ; he died in October 1796. 
 1796. JOHN PAYLEE NICHOLSON, M. A., Student of 
 
 Christ Church College, Oxford, and Rector 
 
 of The Abbey Church. He resigned on the 
 
 10th of March, 1803. 
 1803. WILLIAM MOGG BOWEN, D. D., elected on the 
 
 30th of March. 
 
 Mr. FOTHEEGILL, and after him Dr. PEEEDY, kept 
 Boarding-houses, and educated at the School a considerable 
 number of boys. Since the Doctor's decease, no Under 
 Master has been required, nor appointed: Upon the death 
 of Mr. FOTHEEGILL, the large House in his occupation, be- 
 ing private property, was taken down. From the Master- 
 ship of Dr. PEKEDY to the year 1803, the number of Scholars 
 at any one time seldom exceeded 7 or 8 ; the major part of 
 whom were generally private Pupils of the Head Master. 
 From the time of Mr. FOTHEEGILL to the last mentioned 
 period, with the exception of a few months during which 
 Mr. JAMES PEEEDY was Master, the Mastership of the 
 School and the Rectory of The Abbey Church, which is of 
 small value, have been always united. 
 
 When the validity of the Charters was questioned, with 
 respect to the power of granting Wine Licenses, the rent of 
 the School Estate was applied with the consent of the Mas- 
 ter, to defray the expense of the Law-suit. And, at that 
 time, Mr. NICHOLSON resigned the Mastership of the School,
 
 526 HERTFORD. [SAINT ALBAN'S. 
 
 which was not likely to be of much advantage to him, but 
 retained The Abbey Rectory. 
 
 As there is no separate residence, allotted to the Master 
 by any endowment, the proximity of the Rectorial House 
 renders a re-union highly desirable. 
 
 There is no Church Preferment belonging to this School. 
 There is, however, a Lectureship of small value, which was 
 established during the troublesome times of King CHARLES 
 the First, by FRANCIS COMBE, Esq., of Hemel Hempstead, 
 by his Will, bearing date the 12th of December 1640 and 
 1st of May 1641, and proved at London on the 9th of July 
 1641. In this Will he gives " to The Abbey Church in 
 St. Alban's for ever out of his said lands, tenements, goods, 
 tythes, &c., in Hemel Hempstead aforesaid 10. for ever, so 
 long as there shall be a weekly Sermon on Saturday, to be 
 chosen by the great part of the best Inhabitants within the 
 Liberty of St. Alban's Borough." It is now holden by the 
 present Head Master. 
 
 An attempt has been made, very uncharitably, to impeach 
 the Loyalty of the pious Founder by a singular Tradition 
 of dubious origin, namely, that he was in politicks a vio- 
 lent Republican, and that actuated by those feelings, he 
 ordered this weekly Sermon to be preached at St. Alban's 
 on the Market-day^ with the view of disseminating among 
 the Peasantry of the Country his own dangerous principles. 
 Similar Lectures were established, on the Market-days, by 
 the same Gentleman at the same time, and, it is said, with 
 the same view, in the Towns of Berkhampstead, and Hemel 
 Hempstead. 
 
 In an existing Petition (without date), which Avas formerly 
 presented by " the whole Town" to the Mayor and Bur- 
 gesses, it is stated, that " the Free School of this Town hath 
 almost ever since the Foundation thereof been famous for 
 the Education of Youth both in Learning and Manners, by 
 reason whereof many men have been made able and fit
 
 SAIXT ALBAN'S.] HERTFORD. 527 
 
 Members both in Church and Common Weale, to the com- 
 fort of their friends and good of others." But of their 
 names there is unfortunately no record, except that of Sir 
 JOHN KING, who was a native of this Town, and became a 
 Lawyer of the first distinction in the reign of King CHARLES 
 the Second. 
 
 And, as for nearly Fifty years prior to 1803, it was never 
 opened professedly as a Publick School, few eminent Charac- 
 ters of the present day have here received their Education. 
 Among those few, however, may be enumerated Sir WIL- 
 LIAM DOMVILLE, Bart., the distinguished Lord Mayor of 
 the City of London, during the eventful period of 1814, 
 and ANTHONY BROWNE, Esq., one of the present Represen- 
 tatives for the Borough of Hedon, in the County of York. 
 
 It has also been ascertained, that the Grand Father of the 
 present Earl of VERULAM was educated at this Grammar 
 School, and likewise some of the GAPE Family, who were 
 Contemporaries with his Lordship, during the Mastership of 
 Mr. FOTHERGILL, a descendant of whom the present Revd. 
 Mr. GAPE married.
 
 528 HERTFORD. [ALUENHAM. 
 
 ALDENHAM, near WATFORD. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at ALDENHAM was founded 
 by RICHARD PLATT, Citizen and Brewer of London, by 
 Deed dated the 18th of January, 1599, in the Forty-se- 
 cond year of the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, which is 
 enrolled in Chancery ; This benevolent Gentleman erected 
 at the same time Six ALMS-HOUSES, for Six Poor Persons, 
 upon a parcel of ground, called " IVadfis otherwise Boy- 
 den's Hill? in this Parish ; 
 
 " And he endowed the two Charities with " all those three 
 Pastures of ground, lying near the Church of St. Pancras, in the 
 County of Middlesex, beside London, containing by estimation 
 20 acres more or less ; together with all woods, underwoods, 
 &c., waters and fishings, in or upon the same : 
 
 " And also, all those pastures, with all the meadows and 
 lands thereto adjoining, called " Clayfield," in Aldenham, and 
 all those pastures, ground or grounds, and one Croft, with one 
 piece of meadow thereunto adjoining, called " Shoelands," in 
 Aldenham j to hold the said three Pastures before specified, and 
 all and singular the appurtenances thereto belonging, to THE 
 MASTER and KEEPER, or Wardens and Commonalty of THE 
 MYSTERY or ART of BREWERS of the City of LONDON, Gover- 
 nors of the possessions, goods, chattels, and revenues, of THE 
 FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL and ALMS-HOUSES of RICHARD PLATT, 
 in Aldenham, in the County of Hertford, and to their Succes- 
 sors. Upon especial Trust, that they and their Successors should 
 yearly employ the rents, and all profit, as should happen to 
 accrue or grow, of or by reason of the premises, or any of them, 
 for and towards the Maintenance of the same School and Alms- 
 houses, and of the Master, Usher, and Poor People therein, 
 from time to time, to be kept, placed, and relieved j and of the 
 reparations, and expenses, touching or concerning the same, 
 in such manner, as was by certain Ordinances already by him set 
 down, and by all such other Ordinances, as by him, the said 
 RICHARD PLATT, at any time during his life, should be set down 
 in writing, and should not, by writing under his hand, be re- 
 voked during his life."
 
 ALDENHAM.] HERTFORD. 529 
 
 By an Act of Parliament, in the Forty-third year of 
 King GEORGE the Third, for inclosing the common fields 
 and waste lands in this Parish, there were allotted to THE 
 BREWERS'* COMPANY, 
 
 Nine pieces of land, situate in the Hamlet of Tkeo- a r p 
 
 bald-Street, containing - 51. 0..30 
 
 Three other pieces of land, containing - 2..3..3S 
 
 Also a piece of land at Boyd's Hill, containing - 0..1..12 
 
 54..1..37 
 
 as an equivalent for all their antient inclosed lands and com- 
 mon rights in Aldenham. 
 
 The pious Founder also ordained certain RULES to be 
 observed for the government of his Foundation ; 
 
 Among which he directed that all such children as should be 
 taught freely in this School, should be Children of poor people 
 inhabiting in the Parish of Aldenham, and the Children of the 
 Freemen of The Company of Brewers, in London ; And that, if 
 there should not be in that Town and Company, so many to fill 
 up the room and number of THREESCORE, then that the neigh- 
 bouring Parishes should have the benefit to have their children 
 Free Scholars of the same School, until the number of Three- 
 score Free Scholars should be complete ; every Scholar to be 
 admitted by The Governors of the School, and to pay, upon his 
 Admission, Sixpence to the Schoolmaster, and Fourpence to the 
 Usher." 
 
 The Children are admitted by a Deputation from The 
 Brewers 1 Company usually about the Month of May. 
 They are admitted at any age, and may continue as long as 
 their Parents think proper. There are few others, besides 
 the free boys, educated at this School. 
 
 Latin and Greek are not now taught ; and the present 
 plan of Education is that of Dr. BELL. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. Mr. DA VIES, 
 M. A., whose Salary is \2Q^per annum, out of which he 
 has both to pay the Usher, and to board him. This Gen- 
 
 VOL. i. Mm
 
 530 HERTFORD. [ALDENHAM. 
 
 tleman takes two or three Pupils at Thirty guineas per an- 
 num each. 
 
 The Founder also ordained, that " every Poor Body to 
 be admitted into his ALMS-HOUSES, by The Governors 
 thereof, whether Man or Woman, single or in state of Mar- 
 riage or Widowhood, should have habitation of him and his 
 family rent free, and have every quarter 10*., and yearly, 
 about the Feast of St. Michael, one load of firewood, to be 
 yearly felled and taken of the tops and shreds of trees, 
 standing in or upon his lands and grounds in Aldenham, 
 and also every Pensioner, one frieze gown of the price of 
 ten or twelve Shillings, at Christmas yearly." 
 
 THE SCHOOL which is substantially built of brick, is situ- 
 ate on the East side of the road leading from the village of 
 Aldenham to that of Elstree. Over the door are the Arms 
 of The Founder, carved in stone, and underneath them the 
 following inscription ; " This Free Grammar School was 
 founded and finished, by RICHARD PLATT, Citizen and 
 Brewer of London, Anno D'ni 1597." 
 
 At a short distance, West of the School, are the Six 
 ALMS-HOUSES. 
 
 The Master was appointed at first to be chosen by THE 
 BREWERS' COMPANY, at a Court wherein Twelve or more 
 shall be assembled, by an instrument dated the 1st of 
 June, in the Forty-first year of the reign of Queen ELIZA- 
 BETH: But, upon later thoughts, by a new instrument 
 dated the 28th of November, in the Forty-third of ELIZA- 
 BETH, the Governors are bound within fourteen days after 
 notice of the avoidance, or otherwise, to direct their Letters 
 under their Common Seal to THE MASTERS and FELLOWS 
 of ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, to desire them to com- 
 mend to their election and nominate within One Month after, 
 three Masters of Arts, One of whom is to be chosen by them.
 
 C HIPPING BARNET.] HERTFORD. 531 
 
 CHIPPING BARNET. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at CHIPPING BARNET was 
 founded by Queen ELIZABETH at the humble Petition 
 of ROBERT Earl of LEICESTER, by Letters Patent dated 
 the 24th of March, 1573, whereby Her Majesty grant- 
 ed,- 
 
 That there should be one Common Grammar School in the 
 Town of Barnet, in the County of Hertford, which should be 
 called " THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of Queen ELIZABETH," 
 for the education, learning, and instruction of boys and youth in 
 Grammar, and Literary matter or Grammar art, with one 
 Master, and one Usher or Under-Master : 
 
 That there should be TWENTY-FOUR discreet and honest men, 
 who should be GOVERNORS of the said School, and the Posses- 
 sions thereof: 
 
 That they shall be a Body Corporate and have perpetual 
 Succession, and be able to have, purchase, and receive lands 
 and other hereditaments of the Crown, or of any other per- 
 sons : 
 
 That when any of the Twenty-four Governors should die, the 
 surviving Governors, or the major part of them, shall elect other 
 fit persons from the Inhabitants of the Town, or the neighbour- 
 hood in the Counties of Hertford and Middlesex, into the places 
 of them so dying : 
 
 That they shall have a Common Seal, and plead and be 
 impleaded in all Courts : 
 
 That the Majority of the Governors shall elect and appoint 
 the Master and Usher, so often as for causes them moving shall 
 seem fit, and to remove them and elect others, according to their 
 discretion: 
 
 And to make STATUTES in writing, for the Rule and Govern- 
 ment of the Master, Usher, and Scholars, and the Government 
 and Disposition of the possessions appointed for the support of 
 the same School : 
 
 With License to any persons to give lands, &c., to the annual 
 value of 40. to the support of the said School, notwithstanding 
 the Statute of Mortmain. 
 
 This Information is communicated from The Chapel of 
 The Rolls.
 
 552 HERTFORD. [BERKHAMPSTEAD. 
 
 BERKHAMPSTEAD. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at BERKHAMPSTEAD ap- 
 pears to have had it's origin as early as the Fifteenth year of 
 King HENRY the Eighth, 1524, when it was agreed by the 
 Inhabitants of this Town, that the lands of The President, 
 Warden, and Brethren of THE HOSPITAL or FRATERNITY 
 of SAINT JOHN Baptist, should be employed towards the 
 erection and endowment of a Free Grammar School for the 
 Education of Children : And Dr. JOHN INCENT or INNO- 
 CENT, Dean of the Cathedral Church of Saint Paul, London, 
 at that time President of this Fraternity, and a native of this 
 Town, in furtherance of this pious work, gave all his lands 
 in this Parish for this purpose, and appointed a Schoolmas- 
 ter, who taught in the House belonging to this Fraternity. 
 In the Thirty-third year of HENRY the Eighth, 1542, 
 Dr. INCENT, in order to place this Establishment on a 
 more secure foundation, obtained license from the King, 
 under his Letters Patent, dated the 14th of October in 
 that year, " to erect and found one Chantry Perpetual, 
 of two Chaplains or of one Chaplain, within the Parish 
 of Berkhamsted : And also, one Free School within the 
 said Town, of one mete man being a Schoolmaster, and 
 the other mete man being an Usher, for the teaching of 
 Children in Grammar freely, without any exaction or re- 
 quest of money for the teaching of the same Children, not 
 exceeding the number of ONE HUNDRED and FORTY-FOUR ; 
 And that the said School and Chantry, so erected and 
 founded, should be called " Dean INCENT'S Free School 
 and Chantry at Berkhamsted," for evermore. That they 
 should be one Body Incorporate, and that, by the name of
 
 BERKHAMPSTEAD.] HERTFORD. 533 
 
 " The Master, Chaplain, or Chaplains and Usher, of The 
 Free School and Chantry of Dean INCENT in Berkhamsted," 
 they should implead others and be impleaded, have a Com- 
 mon Seal, and should be able to purchase lands, in Free 
 and Perpetual Alms, to the clear yearly value of 40. ; 
 and that, after the death of the said JOHN INCENT, the 
 King and his Heirs, as principal Founders of the School and 
 Chantry, the Chief Master and Teacher of the Children 
 there, according to the Statutes and Ordinances of the said 
 JOHN INCENT thereof to be made, might lawfully name and 
 present for evermore." 
 
 In pursuance of these Letters Patent, the Dean, with the 
 assistance of the Inhabitants, caused a handsome brick-build- 
 ing to be erected on the North-East side of the Church-yard, 
 consisting of a School-house furnished at each end with ap- 
 propriate Lodgings for the Master, Usher, and Chaplain of 
 the School : And, by deed dated the 23d of March, in the 
 Thirty-sixth year of HENRY the Eighth, 1545, placed therein 
 RICHARD REEVE, M. A., to be the Chief Master, JOHN 
 AUDLEY, B. A., to be Usher, and JOHN EAST, Clerk, to be 
 first Chaplain of the Chantry, and granted to them and their 
 Successors, certain Manors, &c., in the Parish of Berkham- 
 sted St. Peter, and divers other places in the Counties of 
 Buckingham and Hertford, then amounting to the yearly 
 value of 40. 
 
 In the Second and Third years of King EDWARD the 
 Sixth, 1549-50, an Act of Parliament was passed, which, 
 after reciting that " forasmuch as the King was informed 
 that the said Corporation was not duly, according to the 
 Laws of the Realm, founded, erected, and established ; nor 
 the Schoolmaster, Usher, and Chaplain, perfectly incorpor- 
 ated ; but that divers things requisite for the perfection of 
 the Foundation and Incorporation were not duly executed ; 
 so that the good intent of the Founders, for each of the 
 same, were likely to be frustrated," &c. In addition to the
 
 534 HERTFORD. 
 
 provisions made by the above-recited Letters Patent, among 
 other things, it was enacted, " That, from thence the same 
 School should be called " THE FREE SCHOOL of King ED- 
 WARD the Sixth, in BERKHAMSTED," and that the Revenues 
 of the Manors, Lands, &c., should be employed by the 
 Master, and Usher, in manner following ; That the Master 
 should have thereof yearly, for his Wages for the teaching 
 of the said Children, l7..6..8. ; The Usher, 8..13..4. ; 
 And that the residue of the Revenues should be yearly em- 
 ployed about the relief of die Poor in the Town of Berk- 
 hamsted, and the repairs of the House of the School ; and 
 that THE WARDEN of THE COLLEGE of ALL SOULS, in 
 Oxford, should and might every Third year, visit the School, 
 with power to displace the said Master and Usher, if he 
 should find that they did not do their duty in the execution 
 of their several offices, and that he should receive the sum of 
 ISs.Ad. for the charge of his respective Visitations." 
 
 The Master, and Usher, to have power to make leases for 
 31 years or three lives, subject to waste, reserving the usual 
 rent, or more. 
 
 Sometime previous to the year 1744, an Information was 
 filed in Chancery by the then Attorney General, at the rela- 
 tion of the Rector and Church-wardens of this Parish, 
 against the Master and Usher of this School, for misappli- 
 cation of the Revenues thereof, by letting on Fines, and 
 converting those Fines to their own use, praying an account 
 of the Rents and Fines, with proper directions for the appli- 
 cation of the Funds. 
 
 On the 13th of July, 1744, a Decretal order was made, de- 
 claring, that the Warden of ALL SOULS was VISITOR of the 
 School, but that the Revenues were subject to the jurisdiction of 
 this Court, and an account was directed of the Rents and Pro- 
 fits of the Manors, &c., and of all Fines, received by the Master 
 and Usher, allowing their Stipends, the Repairs, &c. ; the Balance 
 to be paid into Court, with directions, that the lands, then out 
 of lease, should be let with the approbation of the Master, and, 
 in case any Fines were taken, they were to be applied^ First, to
 
 BERKHAMPSTEAD.] HERTFORD. 535 
 
 repairs, reserving the consideration as to the residue, with re- 
 spect to which any of the parties were to be at liberty to lay a 
 Scheme before the Master, and also as to the improved In- 
 come. 
 
 By another Order, dated the 3d of May, 175 *, it was decla- 
 red, that the Court under the Letters Patent and Act of Parlia- 
 ment had power to augment the Salaries of the Master and 
 Usher : and a reference was directed to the Master to consider 
 of the Augmentations, &c. 
 
 " The Master's Report, dated the 23d of July, 1754, and 
 afterwards confirmed, approved the Scheme, laid before him by 
 the Master of the School : that Two- thirds of what the Lands 
 then produced, or the future increased value, should be allotted 
 to the Master and Usher ; and the remaining Third for the Re- 
 pairs, Taxes, and Poor ; that the Balance, due from the late 
 Master, and the Fines, lately paid into the Bank, &c., should 
 follow the same course ; and, as to the augmentation for the 
 time to come the Defendant proposed, that all the Rents, Issues, 
 Fines, and Profits, arising from the Estate, after deducting 
 Quit-Rents, should be divided into Three equal parts, to be dis- 
 posed of in the same manner. 
 
 By another Order, dated the 5th of May, 1790, the Master 
 was directed to consider of a proper Plan for letting the Charity 
 Estates in future, which, by his Report, dated the 30th of June, 
 1792, and afterwards confirmed, he considered to be by Public 
 Auction for 3 1 years, or lives determinable at that period, partly 
 on Fines, partly on Rents, conformably to the Plan, mentioned in 
 the Report of the 23d of July, 1754 ; t the Estates, as they should 
 fall in, to be let from time to tune with the approbation of the 
 Master. 
 
 In 18 IS, a Petition was presented to The Chancellor, under 
 the Act then lately passed (52 Geo. 3. c. 101), authorizing a 
 summary application, in cases of Breach of Trust created for 
 Charitable purposes, stating the Foundation of this School, and 
 the proceedings in the Court of Chancery as above mentioned. 
 And that in pursuance of the Order of the 5th of May, 1* 90, 
 parts of the Estates were let before the Master, at annual Rents, 
 amounting to 267..12..0., and on Fines amounting to 4300 : 
 the other parts of the Estates being let on leases, having eight 
 or nine years to run, at yearly rents, amounting to l50..11..0. 
 
 That the Taxes, Repairs, &c., having greatly increased, so as 
 to exhaust the one-third of the rents, leaving no part applicable 
 to the Poor, the Petition insisted, that the Decree of the 13th of 
 July, 1744, did not extend to future Fines. That the Order of 
 the 3d of May, 1753, applied only to the augmentation of the 
 Salaries of the Master and Usher, That it was not the intent of
 
 536 HERTFORD. [BERKHAMPSTEAI>. 
 
 the Scheme, so approved by the Court, that Fines, payable on 
 renewing or granting leases of the Charity Estate, should be di- 
 vided as annual Profits, And that the Master and Usher were 
 not entitled to the two- thirds of the 4300. now to be received 
 for Fines, &c. Praying directions for the application of the said 
 sum of 4300., and of all future Fines and the future manage- 
 ment of the Estates and Income, That the Master may approve 
 of a Scheme for that purpose, And, if necessary, review the 
 former Scheme. 
 
 This Petition came on to be heard, on the 29th of July, 
 1813, when Lord ELDON expressed himself as follows, 
 according to the Reports of VESEY and BEAMES, vol. 2. pp. 
 137-143 ; 
 
 This Petition is presented under the late Act of Parliament, 
 giving liberty to apply by Petition in a summary way to have 
 the Charity properly regulated : 
 
 The Declaration of the Decree, pronounced in 1744, that the 
 Warden of ALL SOULS is the Visitor, but that the Revenues were 
 subject to the Jurisdiction of this Court, is perfectly agreeable to 
 Law ; and calls upon me to lay out of the Case all circumstan- 
 ces relative to the regulation of the School, which fall under the 
 cognizance of the Visitor : 
 
 The Master of the School at that time stated, that it was not 
 his fault, that there were no Scholars ; That another School, 
 established for teaching Arithmetic, had been found more bene- 
 ficial to the views of the Inhabitants of this place ; But the 
 Lord Chancellor said, The Warden of All Souls' College, as the 
 VISITOR, had exclusive jurisdiction upon that subject ; and, con- 
 curring in that opinion, I have nothing to do with so much of 
 this Petition as complains of the following circumstances ; upon 
 which, if they afford ground for complaint, that complaint must 
 be addressed to the Visitor ; that with a Fund arising from 
 Fines, amouning now to near 5000., to be distributed, two- 
 thirds to the Master and Usher, and the remaining third to the 
 Poor of the Parish, the Master is resident with one Scholar, 
 and the Usher is living in Hampshire. All that is for the con- 
 sideration of the Visitor: if made the subject of complaint : 
 
 As to the Revenue, it has been decided by The Court, and is 
 quite clear, that, where there is a local Visitor as to the conduct 
 and management of the School, if in the original instrument a 
 Trust is expressed as to the application of the Revenue, this 
 Court has Jurisdiction to compel a due application. The Court 
 has in fact and practice acted upon the ground of such" Jurisdic- 
 tion : of which there is no doubt :
 
 BKBKHAMPSTEAD.] HERTFORD. 537 
 
 The Construction that has been given to the Act of Parlia- 
 ment and Charter, as to the application of the Revenues of this 
 Foundation, is this, confining myself now to the actual appli- 
 cation of the Rents previously to the reference directed by Lord 
 THURLOW to the Master, to consider of a Scheme as to the fu- 
 ture application, but, without adverting to the several orders, 
 it may be represented in a general way, that the Court had 
 approved this sort of distribution of the Revenues of an Estate, 
 let in the way I shall mention : 
 
 The Court has expressed an Opinion, that it has authority to 
 control the power in the Master and Usher of leasing for Three 
 lives or Thirty-one years, if it should appear for the benefit of 
 the Charity not to act upon that power. Under the express 
 terms of the power they are to lease, not for their own benefit 
 only, but also in a given proportion/or the benefit of the Poor of 
 the Parish. Some Leases were made for lives, some not for 
 lives, and until the Master's Report under the reference, direc- 
 ted by Lord Thurlow, it was never considered as a plan to be 
 generally acted upon, that all the estates should be let upon 
 leases for Thirty-one years, or lives determinable upon that pe- 
 riod, taking large Fines : 
 
 The Court had, however, great difficulty to determine, what 
 was to be done with the Fines, that had been taken, but the 
 final distribution of the Revenue has been of this sort. The 
 distribution, contemplated by the Act of Parliament and the 
 Letters Patent, being in proportions, which altogether exhausted 
 the whole, The Court thought, the distribution of the Reve- 
 nues, when augmented, must be in the same proportions ; mak- 
 ing an addition to the quota of each ; and accordingly, where 
 there were leases upon Fines, or Rents, the distribution, actu- 
 ally made, was two-thirds, without deducting taxes and other 
 outgoings, to the Master and Usher, the other third was applied 
 to the charges and outgoings of ALL the three shares, and what 
 remained was distributed to the Poor of the Parish : 
 
 Upon an application to Lord THURLOW as to the distribution 
 of some of the Funds, this seems to have struck him as a singu- 
 lar management of a. Charity estate, and there is one material 
 Petition and Order, bringing to the view of the Court this, 
 which seems to have been forgotten in the Scheme that had 
 been approved, that in consequence of this species of letting, 
 applied very generally, but not universally, when leases were 
 renewed upon Fines, there was something material coming to 
 the Parish, that on the other hand, after giving the portion of 
 the annual rents to the Master and Usher, free of all deductions, 
 the remaining third for the Poor, after leaving all outgoings 
 upon the whole estate, left nothing to be given to the Poor in
 
 538 HERTFORD. [BEKKHAMPSTKAD. 
 
 \ 
 
 those years, the annual charges eating out one-third of the 
 surplus ; so that the Receiver was obliged to apply to the Court 
 to authorize him to deduct from the other two-thirds the defi- 
 ciency of that third to answer those charges, aiming at, though 
 not distinctly praying, a Declaration, authorizing some arrange- 
 ment, that would give something to the Poor of the Parish, 
 forming one of the objects, to receive something annually : 
 
 Lord THURLOW made an Order, directing a Reference to the 
 Master to consider of a better Scheme for letting the Estate. 
 It probably occurred to His Lordship, that this mode of letting 
 operated directly to disappoint one object of the Charity, and, 
 that, if it was fit, that these Fines should be taken, as they would 
 probably very largely increase, it should be considered, whether 
 the profit, arising in that shape, should not be made a perman- 
 ent Fund, yielding a permanent Revenue for the Schoolmaster 
 and Usher, and their Successors, and, as to one -third, for the 
 Poor, probably also thinking this not at all a proper mode of 
 letting a Charity Estate : 
 
 The Report, made in 1?92, and approved afterwards by The 
 Lords Commissioners, states the ground upon which the Master 
 went, not only as to the Farms out of lease, but as to all the 
 Estates in future, the Leases not being less than Thirty-eight 
 in number, and the reasoning would apply equally to the estate 
 of any Tenant in fee, that by letting without Fines needy per- 
 sons might become Tenants, the Tenants being to covenant to 
 repair, and leave in repair : 
 
 The Report proceeds therefore to state, that, as the Leases 
 should expire, all the lands should be let upon Fines at small 
 rents. As a general application, if there were no particular cir- 
 cumstances, this reasoning would in the case of an Infant call 
 upon the Court to take the same course, as there might be 
 very bad Tenants, who would not do justice to the Farms, but 
 the answer to that would be, that good Tenants might be pro- 
 cured, who would do them justice : 
 
 Giving credit, however, to the argument, that in the covenant 
 to build upon the estate the Landlord may receive a considera- 
 tion for a long lease, if the same lease contains on the Tenant's 
 part a covenant to sustain and leave all those buildings in suffi- 
 cient repair, taking that to have been the condition of all these 
 Farms, upon what ground am I to infer, that, though such a 
 lease was necessary in that instance, it was equally necessary 
 afterwards, when that very lease provided, that those circum- 
 stances, in consideration of which such peculiar leases were to 
 be made, should not exist, and why, if that was proper as to 
 one Farm, which required expensive buildings, was every Farm, 
 though not under the same circumstances, to be let in the same
 
 BERKHAMPSTEAD.] HERTFORD. 539 
 
 way, and again at the expiration of those leases, when no such 
 reason could exist ? 
 
 In 1794 this Report was confirmed, and the Leases directed 
 to be so made, not only then, but in all future time. Afterwards 
 an application was made to Lord LOUGHBOROUGH about the 
 Taxes, who would only go the length of giving to the Receiver, 
 what the whole annual Income of the Parish would not pay of 
 those outgoings, which the Receiver was not authorized to take 
 out of the proportions of the Master and Usher : 
 
 The present application arises out of what passed in 1 804, and 
 there is difficulty enough upon it, not in praying a Reference 
 to the Master to review the Scheme, upon which the Estate is 
 now let, with reference to the future, and to receive a Plan for 
 the better management of the Estate, and distribution of the 
 Revenue, having regard to the proportion of division by the 
 Letters Patent as to the original Income, but upon the Proposal 
 for future letting, and, if the Master's Opinion should be in 
 favour of Fines, as to the application of those Fines either as 
 annual Revenue, or a permanent Fund, subject to the approba- 
 tion of the Court : 
 
 The first difficulty is with regard to persons, who, under the 
 authority of the Court, have actually contracted for leases. It 
 would be very difficult to dispossess those, who have become 
 Tenants, or continued Occupation, relying upon the faith of 
 biddings before the Master, that they were to have leases. I 
 wish, therefore, to know the nature of their contracts, the par- 
 ticular state of each Tenant as to his lease and his money. The 
 Proceedings in this Charity from beginning to end require me to 
 say, that, if the present Scheme and Management are not for 
 the benefit of ALL the objects of the Charity, it must no longer 
 go on so, which is very different from the consideration as to 
 the time past, having regard to the expectations of persons, 
 who have been dealing upon the authority of the Court, much 
 as I conceive the Court was mistaken in what was done in 
 1792 : 
 
 I desire, therefore, to have a statement of the respective 
 names of the Bidders, the times of bidding, of confirming the 
 Report, and what was done with the money, whether Fines or 
 Purchase Money, at the times of confirming those Biddings, or 
 since : 
 
 Refer it to the Master to consider of a Proposal, with liberty 
 to any party to lay Proposals before the Master, for the future 
 management of the Estate, with power to review all the plans, 
 before adopted, and, if the Master shall be of opinion, that 
 it is for the benefit of the Charity, that all or any of the lands 
 should hereafter be let upon Fines, or partly upon Fines, to be
 
 540 HERTFORD. [BERKHAMPSTEAD. 
 
 at liberty to receive Proposals, and to state his opinion upon 
 them as to the application of those Fines, either as divisible at 
 the time they are paid, or being considered as a permanent Fund 
 for the future interest of the respective objects of the Charity, 
 and to state his Opinion upon all these matters, having due re- 
 gard to the Letters Patent, the Act of Parliament, and all the 
 subsequent Proceedings of this Court. 
 
 On the 28th of April, 1814, The Master and Usher pre- 
 sented a Petition, stating, that several of the Charity Es- 
 tates had lately been let with the approbation of the 
 Master at increased Rents and Fines, the Fines amounting 
 to 4303, and insisting, that the Petitioners were entitled, 
 as their Predecessors, to two-thirds of the money, arising 
 from such Fines, in the proportions, as between themselves, 
 of Two-thirds to the Master, and one Third to the Usher. 
 The Petition, farther stating, that the Master had expended 
 considerable sums in substantial repairs and improvements, 
 prayed an account of the money so laid out, and an appli- 
 cation of the Fund in the Bank on account of the Fines : 
 viz., Two-thirds to the Petitioners in the proportions before 
 stated : the Costs and Improvements to be paid out of the 
 remaining third : and the surplus to go according to the Act 
 of EDWARD the Sixth. 
 
 On the hearing of this Petition, THE LORD CHANCELLOR 
 said, 
 
 "" I am satisfied, that the Question, how these Fines for the 
 time past are to be disposed of, has devolved upon me as a 
 consequence of the change of The Great Seal from Lord THUR- 
 LOW to The Lords Commissioners in 1792. Lord THUHLOW'S 
 Order was calculated to set right the mode of dealing with the 
 estate, which had prevailed : and The Lords Commissioners did 
 not sufficiently attend to the principle, on which Lord THCR- 
 LOW ordered a review of the Application which had been direct- 
 ed by Lord HARDWICKE : 
 
 " The only difficulty I have in this case is upon the point, 
 whether I have any thing more to do with the Fines for the 
 time past than to distribute them according to the existing 
 Trusts, actually attaching upon them. Were I the Visitor, 
 as I am not, I might state an Opinion : but I am out of my
 
 BEBKHAMPSTEAD.] HERTFORD. 541 
 
 place in observing, that, as Visitor, I should admonish the Mas- 
 ter, or Usher, of this School in Hertfordshire, residing in Som- 
 ersetshire, however usefully employed. The Master might as 
 well reside elsewhere as the Usher : but both ought to be, 
 where they will be ready to do the duty, and can do it : and it 
 is impossible to say, they can be as properly employed else- 
 where, with reference to the objects of this Foundation, as if 
 they were resident in the place, where that Duty is to be per- 
 formed. This is a Royal Foundation under which The Master 
 and Usher are Corporators. As long as they remain so, and 
 the Visitor does not think proper to remove them, they must 
 in a Court of Justice have the enjoyment of all the Revenues, 
 which belong to them by the same instrument, that gives them 
 the Corporate Character. The Question now before me is 
 not as to their conduct, but how the Rents and Profits have 
 been actually given to the persons, holding these situations; 
 and, unless I am to conclude, that from the year 1792 an im- 
 proper mode of letting these Estates has prevailed in the Mas- 
 ter's office, I do not see my way to refuse Two-Thirds of the 
 profits for the time past, having no right to withold that, to 
 which they have a present title." 
 
 These honourable sentiments, so clearly and forcibly 
 expressed by THE CHANCELLOR, deserve to be made still 
 more public, than by a volume of Reports of Proceedings 
 in The Court, which no one but a Practitioner reads. 
 
 By those Proceedings it appears, that the original in- 
 tention of the Foundation was, that the Children of the 
 Town should be there educated, and that the Poor should 
 have the benefit of one-third of the Estate, That the 
 Master and Usher being in possession, availed themselves 
 of the power given to them of letting Leases on Fines, the 
 whole of which they converted to their own use, totally ex- 
 cluding the Poor from any participation therein, That 
 they threw the whole burden of Taxes and Repairs on the 
 one-third designed for the Poor, by which means the whole 
 of the great Rents was converted to their own use, and the 
 third which was designed for the Poor, was wholly swal- 
 lowed up by Taxes and Repairs, That, at the hearing of 
 this matter in 1813, the School was a complete Sinecure, as
 
 542 HERTFORD. [BERKHAMPSTEAP. 
 
 to the original intent of teaching the children of the Town, 
 That the Master took a few Pupils into his House, And 
 that the Usher resided in Hampshire. 
 
 A few years since, the Master and Usher of this Corpo- 
 ration sold Seven detached pieces of land, containing alto- 
 gether Thirty acres, for the Redemption of the Land Tax, 
 charged upon the whole School Estate. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. THOMAS DupRe, the 
 Usher is, the Revd. MICHAEL DUPKC.
 
 BUNTIVGFOBD.] HERTFORD. 543 
 
 BUNTINGFORD. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at BUNTINGFORD was founded by 
 Mrs. ELIZABETH FREEMAN, Relict of WILLIAM FREEMAN, 
 Esq., of Aspeden Hall, in the County of Hertford, prior to 
 the year 1 633 ; and endowed with about 9 acres of land in 
 the Parish of Great Munden, now let at 12..12..0 per 
 annum. 
 
 In 1652, Lady JANE BARKHAM gave 100., the rent 
 thereof to be paid to the Master, for teaching FIVE poor 
 children. It is charged upon an estate at Chipping., and 
 yields an annuity of 5. 
 
 There is no fund whatever for the repairs of the School- 
 house and Premises, and the present Master expended 
 between 200. and 300. in the Summer of 18 1 5, only upon 
 such repairs. 
 
 The Patron and Visitor of this School is, PHILIP Earl of 
 HARDWICKE, K.G. 
 
 Dr. SETH WARD, Bishop of SALISBURY, a name revered 
 in this his native place, and who was himself educated at 
 this School, besides the liberal Foundation of an HOSPITAL, 
 gave 1000. to CHRIST'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, with 
 which an Estate was bought at Wimbish, in Essex, and settled 
 for the payment of FOUR SCHOLARSHIPS of l2.per annum 
 each. His Lordship afterwards purchased Fee-farm rents 
 to the Value of 22..11..0. per annum, to be settled for the 
 same uses as the Estate at Wimbish. He ordered the Four 
 Scholarships to be first paid, and the overplus to be equally 
 divided between The Master and Fellows of Christ's College, 
 and the Master of Buntingford School. 
 
 These Scholarships are appropriated to persons born in 
 Hertfordshire, and educated in BUNTINGFOBD SCHOOL ; and
 
 544 HERTFORD. [BUNTINGFORD. 
 
 of them, such as are born in the Parish of Aspeden or Town 
 of Buntingford, easterns paribus, are to be preferred. 
 
 If, upon vacancy, none of Buntingford School are qualified, 
 The Master and Fellows are to inquire for a Hertfordshire 
 Scholar in the University, and, if any such be found, he is 
 to be admitted to the Scholarship, If no such supply is to 
 be met with, upon notice given by The College to the Master 
 of Buntingford School, he is to signify to the Masters of the 
 neighbouring Schools in Hertfordshire (particularly Stortford, 
 Hitchin, Ware, and Hertford) the time appointed by The 
 College for the admission, the number of vacancies, and 
 qualification of persons eligible, that they are Hertfordshire 
 born, and educated in some Free and Public School licensed 
 in this County, to the end that any one so qualified may offer 
 himself to The College. If, upon this notice, none offer 
 himself, The College may elect out of their own Students 
 the most deserving. 
 
 These Scholarships may be holden a year after Master of 
 Arts, provided that Degree is regularly taken, although the 
 person be elected Fellow. 
 
 The Master of Buntingford School is to teach FOUR Boys 
 freely, for his moiety of the overplus money of the rent of 
 the Estates given by the good Prelate. The boys are to be 
 nominated by the Rector of Aspeden and Vicar of Layston, 
 out of their own, or any bordering Parish. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. SAMUEL DEWE, M. A., 
 formerly of Trinity and Balliol Colleges, Oxford, who takes 
 Pupils upon the following Terms : 
 
 Classical Instruction,^- annum, f <*. .]0..10..0 
 Entrance, - - i'it ! jasiei - 1.. 1..0 
 Writing and Accompts, per Quarter, - 0..15..0 
 Entrance, nksi - - 0..10..6 
 
 Board, - ... 42.. 0..0 
 
 Entrance, j^siTrii ***-. ' - 2.. 2..0 
 
 Washing, &c., per annum, - 3.. 3..0
 
 BUNTINGFORD.] HERTFORD. 545 
 
 French, Dancing, and Drawing at J61..1..0. per Quarter 
 each, and Entrance l..l..O. 
 
 The Vacations, at Midsummer and Christmas, are Five 
 entire weeks each, commencing the Thursday before the 21st 
 of June, and the Thursday before the 21st of December. 
 
 Three months' notice, or payment for three months' board 
 is expected before a Scholar leaves the School. 
 
 According to the Biographia Britannica, the beneficent 
 Bishop, immediately after his election to the See of EXETEK, 
 " set about repairing the Episcopal Palace, augmented the 
 poor Vicarages, increased the Prebends, from Four to 
 Twenty pounds a year, procured the Deanry of Burien to 
 be annexed to the Bishopric of Exeter, and by these acts 
 of Munificence, with many instances of his capacity for busi- 
 ness, became the most considerable man on the Bishops' bench. 
 In 1667 he was translated to the Bishopric of Salisbury, being 
 elected the 5th and confirmed the 12th of September. He was 
 very acceptable to the chief persons in that Diocese, and 
 obtained great respect and esteem by his extensive charity, 
 and cheerful hospitality. As he had done at Exeter, he 
 caused here the Cathedral, and his own Palace, to be 
 thoroughly repaired, the latter at the expense of above 
 ^2000. And contributed largely towards making the river 
 Avon navigable to Salisbury, not only with his money, but 
 advice and interest, and his application to those in power. 
 To his own See he was a great benefactor, by causing the 
 Honourable Office of Chancellor of the Order of THE GARTER 
 to be restored and annexed to it for ever, after it had been 
 withheld from his Predecessors a Hundred and Thirty-two 
 years. But the noblest monument of his Beneficence, was 
 THE COLLEGE of MATRONS in Salisbury, founded by him 
 in 1682, for the reception and maintenance of TEN WOMEN, 
 the Widows of orthodox Ministers of the Diocese of Salisbury. 
 Two years after, he erected a fair building at Buntingford, 
 his native place, consisting of Eight Mansions, and each 
 VOL. i. N n
 
 546 HERTFORD. [BUNTINGFORD. 
 
 mansion of four rooms, two above stairs and two below, for 
 the reception and maintenance of FOUR POOR MEN, and FOUR 
 POOR WOMEN, who had lived handsomely, and by misfortune 
 were reduced to poverty, the allowance to each is .10. a 
 year. He also augmented the stipend of the Minister and of 
 the Schoolmaster in that Town. And gave 600. to be laid 
 out in land, and the rent employed in putting out THREE 
 Poor Children Apprentices yearly out of Aspeden and 
 Layston."
 
 HERTFORD.] HERTFORD. 547 
 
 HERTFORD. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in the Town of HERTFORD was 
 founded by RICHARD HALE, Esq., of Cheshunt, in the 
 Fourteenth year of the reign of King JAMES the First, 
 1617. 
 
 In the Letters Patent, it is expressed to have been " pro 
 eruditione et instructione Puerorum et Juvenum in Lingufc 
 Latino.) et alidpolitiori Liter aturaT 
 
 It is subsequently named, according to the desire of The 
 Founder, " THE SCHOOL of RICHARD HALE, Esq.," for 
 the instruction and bringing up of Children and Youth of 
 the Inhabitants of the Town of Hertford in the Latin 
 Tongue, and other Literature. 
 
 No more precise description occurs of what the Master is 
 bound to teach ; and, it is presumed, according to the practice 
 of Dr. CARR, a former eminent Master, and that of Grammar 
 Schools in general, that English, Writing, and Arithmetic, 
 not being mentioned in any manner whatever in the Sta- 
 tutes, were liable to a moderate charge, which Dr. CARR 
 made at Half a guinea per Quarter ; and which has pro- 
 perly been continued by the present Master, WILLIAM Do- 
 BINSON, Esq., during a Mastership of somewhat more than 
 Ten years. 
 
 As there is no limitation, mentioned in the Statutes, of 
 the number of boys to be admitted, it must be obvious that 
 the School, without this small pecuniary restriction, would 
 be altogether insufficient to contain those of every descrip- 
 tion, who might apply for admission ; and, consequently, 
 the Master would be so much embarrassed as to be quite
 
 548 f HERTFORD. [HERTFORD. 
 
 unabe to pay the necessary attention to the " Politiori Li- 
 terature^ expressed in the Letters Patent, without more 
 Assistants than the Statutes appoint, which is only One. 
 
 The Salaries to the Master, and his Assistant, arise from 
 800. bequeathed for the purchase of Lands and Tenements 
 to that amount, in the Town and neighbourhood of Hert- 
 ford, which purchase was made by ROWLAND HALE, Esq., 
 a Descendant and Heir of the Founder, and now produces 
 20. per annum to the Master ; JEIO. to the Assistant; and 
 10. more for keeping the premises in due repair. 
 
 It need scarcely be observed, that such sums at the pre- 
 sent time, would be totally inadequate to the maintenance of 
 either the Master or his Assistant ; and, therefore, Boarders 
 are admitted. These Scholars, like the number of those on 
 the Foundation, are unlimited; but are on an average, 
 about Thirty, at Twenty-five or Thirty guineas per annum 
 each. 
 
 The number of boys upon the Foundation are about 
 Forty ; but, as many of them are taught French (a lan- 
 guage not mentioned in the Statutes), and other Literature, 
 an additional half guinea per Quarter is charged ; and all 
 who apply, have admission. 
 
 The School was undoubtedly intended by The Founder, 
 chiefly for Classical education, being erected at a period 
 when the Commerce of the Country was scarcely to be 
 named with that of the present age. This Classical instruc- 
 tion is still continued in the School, but not to that extent, 
 perhaps, originally intended by The Founder; Phcedrus, 
 Ovid, Virgily and sometimes Horace, are read by the Se- 
 nior Boys ; and some have read the Greek Testament, and 
 part of Homer ; though there are none, at present, who are 
 engaged in the latter language, as the Parents think it alto- 
 gether unnecessary for boys, chiefly designed for Commer- 
 cial situations. The Grammars made use of, are the ETOX 
 Latin and Greek.
 
 HERTFORD.] HERTFORD. 549 
 
 There are SEVEN SCHOLARSHIPS at PETER-HOUSE, Cam- 
 bridge, of 14. per annum, founded by BERNARD HALE, 
 S. T. P. ; but, for many years past, none of the sons of the 
 Freemen or Inhabitants have been sent to The University, 
 for the reason already assigned. 
 
 For the same reason also Lord Viscount MELBOURNE, 
 who has the present appointment to the Mastership, is more 
 inclined to promote Commercial than Classical Learning, as 
 more advantageous to the Inhabitants, being vested with a 
 power " to add and alter, cfiange, disallow, or disannul any 
 of the Statutes, as often as he, or his Assigns, shall think Jit 
 or needful,for the good government of the Softool." 
 
 RALPH MINORS, formerly Master, gave to the Parish of 
 All Saints 10. in Trust: The interest of which is to pur- 
 chase " Three pair of White Gloves'" for the Mayor, Justice 
 of Peace, and Minister, who shall attend at the Orations of 
 the Scholars, at their breaking up at Christmas ; the re- 
 mainder to be given to the well-deserving Scholars or Poor, 
 at the discretion of the Mayor and Justice. 
 
 In case of a vacancy in the Mastership, by death or 
 otherwise, during the Minority of Lord MELBOURNE, or his 
 Successors, The Corporation of Hertford, who are styled 
 " GOVERNORS," have a right to appoint. 
 
 A Dwelling-House, sufficiently commodious for the Mas- 
 ter, being deemed expedient, the present Residence was 
 built about the year 1727, by subscription; which when 
 Mr. DOBINSON was appointed, was in such a state of dilapi- 
 dation, with the School and other parts of the premises, 
 that repairs to the amount of 785. were found necessary 
 to reinstate them. This was also accomplished by the 
 Subscription of Lord MELBOURNE, and other Noblemen, 
 and the Members for the County and Borough with the 
 Corporation and Gentry of the Town and Neighbourhood, 
 and some of the Inhabitants, including also a contribution 
 of The Master of 1 20. (not very usual in such repairs),
 
 550 HERTFORD. [HERTFORD. 
 
 and, subsequently, of nearly ,70. more for the same pur- 
 pose. 
 
 Several Gentlemen of the highest respectability have been 
 educated at this School; among whom may be enume- 
 rated, 
 
 Sir JOHN SHORE, now Lord TEIGNMOUTH. 
 
 JOHN BEBB, Esq., the East India Director. 
 
 GEORGE ALLAN, Esq., the present Member for Durham. 
 
 Sir THOMAS TURTON, sometime M. P. for the Borough 
 of Southwark, and Brothers. 
 
 ADAM GORDON, Esq. 
 
 Two Sons of Sir I. H. COTTON. 
 
 The Revd. I. WHITEHURST. 
 
 The Revd. M. ALINGTON, and Brothers. 
 
 Baron NATHANIEL and Messrs. DIMSDALES, 
 
 POMVILLE, Esq.
 
 HERTFORD.] HERTFORD. 551 
 
 HERTFORD. 
 
 THE EAST INDIA COLLEGE SCHOOL. 
 
 THE EAST INDIA COLLEGE SCHOOL at HERTFORD was 
 founded in the year 1806, by The Honble, THE EAST 
 INDIA COMPANY, when they established their COLLEGE 
 there : in which Pupils might be admitted at an early 
 age, for the purpose of being prepared for admission into 
 THE COLLEGE. But it is also open to the Public at large. 
 
 The Company have a lease of Hertford Castle, for Twen- 
 ty-one years, from 1806, which is appropriated to the resi- 
 dence of The Head Master. 
 
 The course of instruction pursued in this noble School 
 is extensive; namely, The Greek, Latin, Persian, Hin- 
 dustany, French, and English Languages ; Writing, 
 Arithmetic, Mathematics, History, and Geography, Draw- 
 ing, Dancing, &c. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used. 
 
 The present Head Master is, M. H. LUSCOMBE, D. D., 
 who is allowed Hertford Castle as his residence, rent free ; 
 but without any other privilege besides this and the Patron- 
 age of THE COMPANY. This worthy Gentleman takes 
 Pupils ; his terms being, for boys above the age of Ten 
 years, Seventy guineas per annum* and for those under 
 that age, Fifty guineas per annum; which sums include 
 Board and Instruction in all the above mentioned branches, 
 excepting the Oriental Languages, for both of which a 
 charge is made of Four guineas a year. 
 
 The Summer Vacation commences on the 20th of June, 
 and ends on the 31st of July. The Winter Vacation com- 
 mences on the 20th of December, and ends on the 31st of 
 January.
 
 552 HERTFORD. };STANSTED ABBOT'S 
 
 STANSTED ABBOT'S, near HODDESDON. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at STANSTED ABBOT'S was founded 
 about the year 1630, by Sir RALPH BASH or BAESH, and 
 endowed with a House and School-room under the same 
 roof, and 20. per annum for a Master, charged upon the 
 Manor and paid by the Lord, together with some other 
 Charities directed by the benevolent Founder. And it is 
 gratifying to record, that these have all been honourably 
 paid, ever since the Estate has been in the Family of FEILDE, 
 which is now about a Century and an half. 
 
 Latin is not now taught. 
 
 The Master's Stipend has lately been increased by volun- 
 tary contributions, and the present system of Education is 
 on the improved National Plan. 

 
 STEVENAGE.] HERTFORD. 553 
 
 STEVENAGE. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at STFVENAGE was founded in the year 
 1558, in pursuance of the Will of The Revd. THOMAS AL- 
 LEN, who endowed it with 20 marks per annum, payable 
 out of ten acres of land situate near the Town, now worth 
 about 20. a year, and which he vested in THE MASTER, 
 FELLOWS, and SCHOLARS of TRINITV COLLEGE, Cambridge, 
 with power to appoint the Master of the School, who must 
 be a Master of Arts. 
 
 The College some time after purchased a House for the 
 Master, upon condition that he should keep it in repair. 
 
 The School is open to all boys of the Town indefinitely, 
 free of expense for the Classics. They are admitted at any 
 age capable of instruction, but the present system of Edu- 
 cation is confined solely to English, writing, and arithmetic 
 and about 30 Scholars attend, at the expense of their Par- 
 ents or Friends ; as there is not, nor has for many years 
 been, one boy upon the Foundation. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. E. BRADBURY, whose 
 Salary is JE13..6..8. per annum, paid by Trinity College.
 
 554 HERTFORD. [BISHOP'S STORTFORD. 
 
 BISHOP'S STORTEORD. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of BISHOP'S STORTFORD " no longer 
 exists. The whole Establishment, together with the School- 
 house, is in ruins."" 
 
 The LIBRARY, which is considered a scarce and valuable 
 collection of books, is deposited at The Vicarage, " but 
 they also are going to decay.''' 
 
 Sir HENRY CHAUNCY, Knt., the Historian of the County 
 of Hertford, was educated at this School.
 
 HUNTINGDON. 
 
 555 
 
 GODMANCHESTER, near HUNTINGDON. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at GODMANCHESTER was founded by 
 Queen ELIZABETH, who, by Letters Patent, placed it under 
 the management of certain TRUSTEES, to whom THE 
 MASTER, FELLOWS, and SCHOLARS of EMANUEL COLLEGE, 
 Cambridge, are bound to pay 20. per annum for the use 
 of the M;'ster of the School, out of a Farm situate at God- 
 manchester, which was settled upon The College by Sir 
 WALTER MILDMAY. A House was also given for the 
 residence of the Master. 
 
 It was originally intended to be a Grammar School ; but 
 is now used only as a School to teach English, writing, and 
 arithmetic. 
 
 The School is now open for the Children of Freemen of 
 the Borough of Godmanchester indefinitely, free of expense ; 
 formerly a sum of money was paid on their admission. 
 There are usually about Twenty other boys who attend the 
 School. 
 
 Children are admitted at any age, and may remain as 
 long as their Parents please. They are nominated by the 
 Trustees.
 
 556 HUNTINGDON. [GODMANCHESTER. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. RICHARD GAUNT, who resides 
 in the House, rent free. His Salary and Emoluments are 
 about <28..13..6. per annum ; and he is allowed to take any 
 number of Children to instruct, who are not the sons of 
 Freemen. 
 
 The ,Seal prefixed to this description, is from an impres- 
 sion of the Corporation Seal. 
 
 The documents and papers of every kind relating to this 
 School, are in the possession of THE MASTER and FELLOWS 
 of EMANUEL COLLEGE.
 
 HUNTINGDON.] HUNTINGDON. 557 
 
 HUNTINGDON. 
 
 WHEN, and by whom THE GRAMMAS SCHOOL at HUNTING- 
 DON was founded, is not known. But the Endowment now 
 forms part of the Revenue of THE MASTER and CO-FRATER 
 of THE HOSPITAL of ST. JOHN in this Town, which was 
 founded by DAVID Earl of HUNTINGDON, in the reign of 
 HENRY the Second. 
 
 The Estates belonging to The Hospital are considerable ; 
 consisting of Houses and Land in the Town of Huntingdon 
 chiefly, and some Land in the Parishes of Folkesworth, 
 Sawtry, and Stukeley Magna, in the County of Huntingdon. 
 The purposes for which they were devised, are said, in an 
 Inquisition taken at Huntingdon on the 5th of April, 1570, 
 to be " for the maintenance and relief of Poor People, and 
 the keeping of a Free Grammar School, at the cost and 
 charges of The Master of the said House for the time being. 1 ' 
 
 The Mayor and Aldermen are the Patrons, and Visitors. 
 
 The Estates in the several Parishes of Folkesworth, 
 Sawtry, and Stukeley Magna, appear to have been given to 
 The Hospital subsequently to the Endowment, but before 
 their appropriation to the present purposes. 
 
 A field of two acres contiguous to the Town, having been 
 left by a Mr. DRYDEN to Charitable purposes, has been 
 applied by The Corporation (who are the Trustees) to aug- 
 ment the Salary of The School-master. This benefaction 
 has been enjoyed by the present Master, and his Predecessor. 
 
 The present Master is under an Agreement to teach such 
 Town-born boys as are sent to the School, the Latin and 
 Greek languages, free of expense. The mimber is not 
 limited. There have been more than Seventy in the School, 
 Boarders and Day-boys, for a considerable time under the 
 present Master ; of the former, about Forty-four ; and the
 
 558 HUNTINGDON. [HUNTINGDON. 
 
 latter consisted of two descriptions, 'viz., Town-born, and 
 consequently free ; and others from the Town, not born 
 there, and from the neighbourhood. The number of boys 
 at present in the School is not quite Forty. 
 
 There is no particular form of Admission, nor any recom- 
 mendation required. They are admitted, when they can 
 read English. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used ; and the 
 ETON plan of Education is chiefly followed. 
 
 There is but ONE SCHOLARSHIP, founded in St. Peter's 
 College, Cambridge, by THOMAS MILLER, Gentleman, who 
 left by Will nominally Eleven acres and one rood of land 
 in the Parish of Brampton, in the County of Huntingdon, 
 and all his Estates in Barham, in the same County, " for the 
 maintaining a Scholar of the said House, from the time of 
 his admittance 'till he commenceth Master of Arts, for ever. 
 And my Will is, that a person coming from HUNTINGDON 
 SCHOOL should have the preference ; but, for want of such 
 an one, The College may dispose of it as they please." 11 
 
 The Estates at Barham (consisting, as it is said, of some 
 Cottages) have through some cause been lost ; as have also 
 4*..l r ..0 p . of the Land in Brampton, it being Copyhold. 
 
 The Seven acres remaining are worth about 20. per 
 annum. 
 
 This Scholarship has not been claimed for some years past. 
 
 Mr. ROBERT BROADBANK founded a Scholarship for a 
 Native of Huntingdon, at Christ's College, Cambridge. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. EDWARD EDWARDS, 
 M.A-, who has presided over this School upwards of 
 THIRTY-ONE YEARS. His Salary is 25. per annum, 
 together with the School-house, and five acres of land, 
 valued at about 5. per acre. This Gentleman takes 
 Pupils, his charge, for Board and Instruction, being 35 
 guineas per an num ; for Instruction only, to those who are 
 not free, 6 guineas per annum ; and those who are free, pay
 
 HUNTINGDON.] HUNTINGDON. 559 
 
 for being taught Writing and Arithmetic 15s. per Quarter; 
 as the Master has to provide a Writing Master, as well as a 
 Classical Assistant or Second Master, at his own expense. 
 In 1803, he was presented to the Living of All Saints with 
 St. John's in this Town, which is in the gift of the Crown, 
 and has no connexion with the School. 
 
 The most remarkable person educated at this School, was 
 OLIVER CKOMWELL. 
 
 The affairs of this Establishment are now, and have been 
 for some years past, in The Court of Chancery. The Master 
 has not been informed of the Constitution of the School.
 
 560 KENT. [ASHFORD. 
 
 ASHFORD. 
 
 THE FBEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in ASHFORD was founded by 
 Sir NORTON KNATCHBULL, Knight, in the Seventh year of 
 King CHARLES the First, 1632; who, for that purpose, 
 erected a School-house on the East side of the Church-yard, 
 which, when completed, he gave for the use of the same. 
 And having appointed a Master, he allowed him a Salary 
 of 30. per annum, which, by a proviso in his Will, proved 
 in 1636, he ordered his Executor, his heirs and assigns 
 should yearly pay for ever, as the Salary of a Schoolmaster 
 for the time being, for the good of this Town, out of all 
 those his lands in Newcliurch, containing by estimation 
 Thirty acres more or less. 
 
 This Endowment, with several other necessary regulations, 
 were afterwards confirmed by Deed by his Executor, who 
 was his Nephew and Heir, NORTON KNATCHBULL, Esq., 
 afterwards Knighted and created a Baronet. 
 
 The Schoolmaster is appointed by the KNATCHBULL 
 family, and must be a Master of Arts at least of one of the 
 Universities. 
 
 The School is open to the boys of the Town of Ashford, 
 free of expense, as far as relates to Latin and Greek ; but 
 the Master is not required to teach them writing or arith- 
 metic, or any other branch of literature, except the Classics. 
 
 The number of Foundation boys varies from about three 
 to six. The number of Gentlemen"^ sons is much more 
 considerable, and has been sometimes nearly One Hundred. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are exclusively used; and the 
 system of Education approaches as nearly as local circum- 
 stances will allow to that admirable Seminary. 
 
 The present Head Master is, JOHN NANCE, D. D., Rector 
 of Old Romney, and late Fellow of Worcester College?
 
 ASHFOBD.] KENT. 561 
 
 Oxford, whose Salary is the original Endowment of 30. 
 per annum. This Gentleman takes Pupils, his annual 
 terms, for the board and education of each, being Forty 
 guineas. 
 
 This School acquired a very high reputation some years 
 since, under the care of The Revd. STEPHEN BARRETT, 
 then Master ; most of the sons of the neighbouring gentry 
 having received the early part of their education under him. 
 This Gentleman resigned in 1764, on being presented to the 
 Rectory of Hothfield. In 1766, he was elected a second 
 time Master, and again resigned in 1773. On his first 
 resignation, he gave to the use of the School for ever three- 
 eighth parts of a house, yard, and garden, adjoining to the 
 School-house. 
 
 The present celebrity of this School sufficiently bespeaks 
 the care and ability of the Master. 
 
 John Wallis, D. D., the Mathematician, received the early 
 part of his education here. 
 
 VOL. r, O o
 
 562 KENT. [BIDDENDEN. 
 
 BIDDENDEN, near CRANBROOK. 
 
 THE SCHOOL at BIDDENDEN was founded in the year 1522, 
 by WILLIAM MAYNE, Esq., of this Parish, for " A FREE 
 LATIN GRAMMAR SCHOOL," by Feoffment dated in that 
 year ; and endowed with a School-house, garden, and cer- 
 tain payments out of lands, of the yearly value of 20..3..4.; 
 viz., From a Farm in Biddenden, JE7-16..8.; from a Farm 
 in Bethersden, 8..0..0.; and from a Farm in Tenterden, 
 J64..6..8. Out of this sum the Master is to keep the house 
 and premises in repair, which, on a moderate calculation, 
 amounts on an average to 5. per annum. 
 
 The management of the School, and the appointment of 
 the Master, are under the direction of Twenty-one Feoffees ; 
 two of whom are acting Tiustees. 
 
 TEN poor Boys of this Parish are admitted upon the 
 Foundation, who are annually chosen at Easter by The 
 Feoffees, and are educated gratis, with the exception of 
 certain small payments for books and stationary. There are 
 also about 20 day Scholars ; some of whom pay 3d., and 
 others 6d. per week. 
 
 The present worthy Master, Mr. RICHARD WESTON, has 
 conducted the School with propriety for upwards of Thirty- 
 two years. 
 
 The .Archbishop of CANTERBURY is Visitor of this School. 
 
 The family of MAYNE possessed great wealth and con- 
 sequence in the County of Kent.
 
 
 CANTERBURY.] KJENT. 563 
 
 CANTERBURY. 
 
 THE KING'S SCHOOL. 
 
 THE KING'S SCHOOL at CANTERBURY was founded by King 
 
 HENRY the Eighth, who, by the Charier of Foundation, 
 
 which he granted in the Thirty-third year of his reign, 1542, 
 
 to THE DEAN and CHAPTER of THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH 
 
 of CHRIST, constituted the School a part of it, to consist of 
 
 a Master, Usher, and FIFTY SCHOLARS, who were to eat at 
 
 the Common Table, but which the provision made by His 
 
 Majesty for that purpose could not, however, long maintain. 
 
 THE KING'S SCHOLARS are elected, according to MERIT, 
 
 at the November Chapter by The Dean and Chapter and 
 
 the Head Master, out of those boys who have been some 
 
 time at the School, to supply such vacancies as may happen 
 
 in the ensuing year, and must be between the ages of nine 
 
 ondijifieen : an exception, however, to this is made in favour 
 
 of Choristers from The Chapel Royal and Canterbury 
 
 Cathedral. They may remain at the School, four years, or, 
 
 with the approbation of The Dean and Chapter, and Head 
 
 Master, five years, but no longer. After election they are 
 
 admitted by The Dean. 
 
 The School is liberally ope for Children "from any part 
 of the Kingdom? 
 
 The present School-house seems to be what was once the 
 old Chapel of ST. THOMAS the MARTYR, and The Head 
 Master's House, what was the lodgings of the Chantry 
 Priests. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the ETON plan of 
 Education is pursued. 
 
 The Benefactions in favour of the Scholars of this School 
 arc numerous ;
 
 564 KENT. [CANTERBURY. 
 
 In 1569, Archbishop PARKER founded, out of the Revenues 
 of EAST-BRIDGE HOSPITAL, TWO SHOLARSHIPS, each of the 
 yearly value of 3. .6..S. in Corpus Christi alias Bene't College, 
 Cambridge, during the space of 200 years, for the maintenance 
 of Two SCHOLARS, natives of Kent, and educated in this School, 
 to be nominated by The Dean of Canterbury, and the Master of 
 East-bridge Hospital ; they were to be called " Canterbury 
 Scholars," and were to have all the benefits which any other 
 Scholars enjoyed in the College. Archbishop WHITGIFT, in his 
 Ordinances relating to that Hospital (which were confirmed by 
 Act of Parliament, in 1585), renewed this Foundation, which is 
 now perpetual ; but instead of The Dean's, he made The Arch- 
 bishop s consent necessary to the appointment. 
 
 Archbishop PARKER likewise, by his Will, dated in 1575, 
 founded THREE EXHIBITIONS in Bene't College, Cambridge, of 
 the yearly value of 3. .6. .8. each, to be paid out of the rents of 
 certain tenements in Westminster : the right of nomination 
 whereof belongs, Is*. To the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, 
 who are to appoint such sons of their Norfolk, Suffolk, and 
 Lincolnshire Tenants as are educated at this School, 'Idly. To 
 the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, for Students from West- 
 minster School, 3dly. To the Master and Fellows, for Students 
 from any Seminary in the Province of Canterbury. An Exhibi- 
 tion, with rooms, is now of the value of about 15. a year. 
 
 In 1580, JOHN PARKER, Esq., founded THREE SCHOLARSHIPS 
 at Bene't College, Cambridge ; the Patrons of which are, The 
 Archbishop of Canterbury of one ; and The Master and Fellows 
 of the other two. The Archbishop to appoint a native of Canter- 
 bury, from THE KING'S SCHOOL there, and The Master and 
 Fellows, to appoint natives of Aylesham and Wymondham, 
 educated at their respective Schools. 
 
 In 161 8, ROBERT ROSE, of Bishop's-bourne, gave 26 acres of 
 Marsh land, in the Parishes of St. Mary and Hope All Saints, in 
 Romney Marsh, for the assistance of FOUR SCHOLARS, at either 
 University, being such as were in THE KING'S SCHOOL at Can- 
 terbury, of which he had been Usher; -these Exhibitions were 
 to be of the yearly value of .G. each, and to continue for seven 
 years, if the Scholar should remain so long there unpreferred to 
 a Living of ,20. per annum above the Exhibitions ; with other 
 restrictions and rules, as mentioned in the Deed of Feoffment. 
 
 In 1625, WILLIAM HEYMAN, of Canterbury, Gentleman, by 
 Indenture, vested 27 acres of Marsh land in the Parish of Ware- 
 home, in the County of Kent, inc ertain Feoffees, to apply five 
 parts out of six of the rents of those premises upon Two poor 
 Scholars only, to be placed in THE KING'S SCHOOL at Canter- 
 bury, to be nominated by his next heir and the majority of the
 
 CANTERBURY.] KENT. 565 
 
 Feoffees ; such Scholars to be descended from the body of his 
 Grand-father, PETER HEYMAN, Esq., or to be natives, or born 
 of such as are natives of Sellinge. The Scholar so to be cho- 
 sen, to be full eight years old ; who should hold his Exhibition 
 for nine years, and if he should go to any College in Cambridge, 
 to be continued for seven years from his leaving School : and if 
 he should take Orders in the first five years of the seven, the 
 same to be continued to him for three years more, that is ten in 
 the whole, at the University. 
 
 In 1643, HENRY ROBINSON, by his Will, gave certain mes- 
 suages and lands, called " Gore End," in the Parishes of Bir- 
 chington and St. Nicholas, in the Isle of Thanet, to St. John's 
 College in Cambridge, for the founding of Two FELLOWSHIPS 
 and Two SCHOLARSHIPS, for Two Fellows and Two Scholars, 
 natives of the Isle of Thanet, or in default, of natives of the 
 County of Kent, and brought up at THE KING'S SCHOOL, in 
 Canterbury. But it being found that the profits of the lands 
 (the estate being then sunk down to '50. per annum) were not 
 sufficient for such a maintenance, it was ordered by a Decree of 
 the Court of Chancery, with consent of The College and the 
 Executors, dated the 26th of November, 1652, That in future 
 FOUR SCHOLARSHIPS should be established in that College for 
 ever, instead of the original appointment j and that the profits 
 of the premises should, according to the direction of the Donor 
 in his Will, be employed for ever, towards the maintenance of 
 such FOUR SCHOLARS only, each of whom is to be allowed by 
 The College, in Commons, 10. a year. 
 
 In 1656, The Revd. ABRAHAM COLFE, the Founder of the 
 School of Lewisham, among many other noble Benefactions, 
 gave SEVEN EXHIBITIONS of '1O. per annum each, for Scholars 
 from that School at either University ; in default of claimants 
 from Lewisham School, then from the adjacent Hundreds, and 
 from Members of The Company of Leather-sellers, who are 
 Patrons of the School, and possessed of the Estates bequeathed 
 by him. He directed these Exhibitions to be filled up by 
 Scholars from THE KING'S SCHOOL in Canterbury, and from 
 that in CHRIST'S HOSPITAL in London, alternately. But the 
 Leather- sellers' Company have, for many years past, refused to 
 admit the claim of either, and have totally sunk this ?O. per 
 annum, alleging a failure in their estate. 
 
 According to Mr. GOSTLING, this seems somewhat strange, 
 considering that most of the Estates, in the neighbourhood of 
 London, have increased in value within that time : but how 
 they are empowered to load one branch of Mr COLFE'S Charity 
 with the whole failure, does not appear, or that the Schools of 
 Christ's Hospital or Canterbury, have not as just aright to share
 
 566 KENT. [CANTERBURY. 
 
 his liberality in the last place, as Lewisham in the first j especi- 
 ally as he assigned this reason, because his Father was educated 
 at Christ's Hospital, and himself born at Canterbury. He cer- 
 tainly foresaw what has happened, that Lewisham School might 
 not produce enough to Jill all his Exhibitions, and added Two 
 Schools, which he judged might at all times supply it's deficiency. 
 
 GEORGE THORPE, S.T.P., Prebendary of Canterbury, gave 
 by Will, in 1719, to Emanuel College in Cambridge, certain 
 messuages and lands in the Parish of Ash near Sandwich, for the 
 endowment of FIVE EXHIBITIONS; to enable Bachelors of Arts 
 to reside, until they take their Master's Degree ; But should 
 there be none such, others might be elected after two years, 
 from their first residence in College ; such Exhibitioner not ta 
 be possessed of an estate of 40. per annum, and his friends to 
 certify their intention of keeping him in College (unless better 
 provided) until he should become Master of Arts, and to declare 
 his inability thus to continue without some such assistance, and 
 that he purposed to make Divinity his study ; a preference to 
 be given to the sons of Orthodox Ministers of the Church of 
 England, and of the Diocese of Canterbury, and such as had 
 been brought up in THE KING'S SCHOOL there. These Exhibi- 
 tions are never less than 14. and sometimes .20. per annum, and 
 may be holdenwith Scholarships or Exhibitions of other Founda- 
 tions, of which more than Forty belong to that College. 
 
 In 1736, JOHN BROWN, B. D., founded Two GREEK SCHO- 
 LARSHIPS in Emanuel College, which have generally amounted 
 to .8. per annum clear, to be paid in proportion to residence, 
 and the remainder to be applied to the general fund of the Col- 
 lege. These are to be filled up by The Master and Fellows, by 
 Scholars from THE KING'S SCHOOL in Canterbury j in default 
 from thence, then from any other School in Kent : and in 
 default from thence, then from any other School. 
 
 GEORGE STANHOPE, S.T. P., Dean of Canterbury, by a 
 Testamentary Schedule, proved in 1728, devised 250. in New 
 South Sea Annuities, to found ONE EXHIBITION of lO. per 
 annum, for one KING'S SCHOLAR of the School in Christ Church 
 in Canterbury, to be nominated by the Dean, and chosen by him, 
 or the Vice-Dean and Chapter, for Seven years, such Scholar 
 continuing in some College in Cambridge, but to cease at the 
 Michaelmas after his commencing Master of Arts. 
 
 This principal sum of '250. was transferred by the Dean's 
 Executors to, and accepted by The Dean and Chapter of Can- 
 terbury ; the reduction of Interest having made an alteration 
 in the annual value, and the Exhibition having been vacant 
 for some years, with that accumulated amount^ and a contri- 
 bution from The Dean and Chapter, the sum of 50. more Stock
 
 CANTERBURY.] KENT. 567 
 
 was purchased ; so that the Exhibition is now worth 9. per 
 annum. 
 
 There are Two Masters, who have each a small Stipend 
 from the Revenues of The Cathedral Church, and a House. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOHN BIRT, 
 M. A., of Christ Church College, Oxford, who was unani- 
 mously elected in June 1816, on account of the high cha- 
 racter which was given of him by the present Bishops of 
 St. Asaph and Hereford, the Deans of Hereford and Glou- 
 cester, and other Gentlemen of Learning and Respectability ; 
 and " he has shown himself well fitted for the office, which 
 he fills. 11 This Gentleman takes Boarders at Forty-five 
 guineas per annum each: And there is every prospect 
 of the School attaining it's former celebrity, as, since his 
 Election, the number of Pupils has increased from 26 
 to 70. 
 
 Of the Masters who have presided over this School, 
 many of them have been men of Eminence, as Clergymen 
 and Scholars; especially the late Revd. Dr. OSMUND BEAU- 
 VOIR, first educated here, and afterwards of St. John's Col- 
 lege in Cambridge, whose great abilities brought this 
 School to the highest degree of estimation. He died in 
 1 789, and was buried in the South Aisle of the Nave of The 
 Abbey Church of Bath. 
 
 There are no Church Preferments, nor other advantages, 
 belonging to the Master of this School. 
 
 The Scholars educated at this School have been, in gener- 
 al, of the very best Families of the County of Kent : many 
 of whom, from the deep Learning which they imbibed here, 
 have been Ornaments to the several Professions into which 
 they entered. Numbers of them might be mentioned with 
 becoming pride ; but it may be sufficient only to notice, 
 WILLIAM HABVEY, D. D., whose extraordinary dis- 
 covery of the circulation of the blood, has given 
 new light to the study of Medicine, and deser- 
 vedly rendered his name immortal to Posterity
 
 568 KENT. [CANTERBURY. 
 
 THOMAS RANDOLPH, Archdeacon of Oxford, and 
 
 President of Corpus Christ! College, Oxford. 
 WILLIAM SOMNER, the Antiquary. 
 JOHN DENNE, D. D., an eminent Divine and Anti- 
 quary. 
 The Revd. WILLIAM GOSTLING, M< A., Author of the 
 
 " Walk in and about Canterbury." 
 JOHN SPENCER, M. A. 
 EDWARD Lord THUELOW, late High Chancellor of 
 
 Great Britain. 
 HERBERT MARSH, D. D., the present Lord Bishop of 
 
 LANDAFF. 
 The Honble Sir CHARLES ABBOTT, Knt., One of the 
 
 Judges of The Court of King's Bench. 
 In 1712, A SOCIETY was begun by some Gentlemen, 
 educated at this School. They agreed with permission of 
 THE DEAN and CHAPTER, to attend Divine Service at the 
 Cathedral, and hear a Sermon preached by some Clergy- 
 man, who had been bred up at the School, on a Subject 
 suitable to the occasion, on their Anniversary in the ensuing 
 year : and which afterwards gained the name of " THE 
 SCHOOL FEAST SOCIETY." 
 
 This led to a Contribution or Annual Subscription, in 
 1718, from those Gentlemen then present, who caused their 
 names to be entered in a Book, as Members of THE SOCI- 
 ETY, and whose number was increased by others, who 
 chose from time to time to belong to it ; most of whom, 
 as Encouragers of such a benevolent Institution, though 
 occasionally absent, usually sent their Contributions to it. 
 
 THREE STEWARDS are appointed from among the 
 Members, annually ; those for the ensuing year being no- 
 minated by the old ones, to manage the business of The 
 Society. 
 
 The Contribution is, with the approbation of the Mem- 
 bers present, applied to the maintenance of such Scholars as 
 go from hence to either University, and stand in need of
 
 CANTERBURY.] KENT. 569 
 
 some assistance there ; and it is honourable to The Society 
 to record, that their benefits have been numerous and well 
 applied. 
 
 The Annual Collection amounts generally to about 50. 
 A Fund has also been made from the occasional surplus, 
 which is vested in Government Securities, and at present 
 exceeds 1300. ; of the produce of which, one or more EX- 
 HIBITIONS have most usually been made to deserving Scho- 
 lars from THE KING'S SCHOOL.
 
 570 KENT. [CHARING. 
 
 CHARING. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at CHAKING was founded by Mrs. ELI- 
 ZABETH LUDWELL, who, by her Will, dated the 28th of 
 September, 1761, gave to this Parish the sum of 2650., 
 which is vested in The Minister and Church- wardens : the 
 annual produce of the same to be applied towards the en- 
 dowment of a Free School here, and for other Parochial 
 purposes. 
 
 The School is open to the poor boys and girls of this 
 Parish only, without limitation ; and there are usually about 
 Twenty, viz., 10 boys and 10 girls, upon the Foundation. 
 Children are admitted at seven or eight years of age. The 
 form of admission is, Application and Approval of The 
 Minister and Church-wardens. The number of other Scho- 
 lars is usually between 50 and 60. 
 
 Latin and Greek are not taught at this School. 
 
 The present Master's name is, Mr. EDWARD HATTON, 
 whose Salary is 25. per annum, together with 8. per 
 annum for pens, ink, and books ; but no House. He takes 
 Boarders, his terms being Twenty-two guineas per annum. 
 
 Mrs. LUDWELL likewise, by her Will, founded Two EX- 
 HIBITIONS in ORIEL COLLEGE, Oxford, with a preference 
 to the Candidates from this Parish, to be paid out of the 
 Rent of a Farm in Throwley, devised to that College for 
 this purpose, and which, in 1790, produced 35. per annum. 
 
 This benevolent Lady also left many other large Legacies 
 by her Will, for Charitable uses.
 
 CRANBROOK.] 
 
 KENT. 
 
 571 
 
 CRANBROOK. 
 
 THE GKAMMAE SCHOOL in CRANBROOK, commonly called 
 " QUEEN ELIZABETH'S FREE and PERPETUAL GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL," was founded by SIMON LYNCH, Gentleman, a 
 native of this Parish, in the Sixteenth year of Queen ELIZA- 
 BETH, 1574 ; and endowed by him with a house and land 
 in Cranbrook, and a Farm at Horsemonden, now let for 
 135. per annum. 
 
 Her Majesty granted a Charter of Incorporation to it ; by 
 which the management of it is vested in THIRTEEN TRUS- 
 TEES or GOVERNORS, Freeholders and Resident within the 
 Parish, of which number THE VICAR is always to be one. 
 The present GOVERNORS are, 
 
 Revd. J. MOSSOP, Vicar. 
 
 J. AUSTER, Esq. 
 
 VALENTINE CONOLLY, Esq. 
 
 J. TEMPEST, Esq 
 
 Revd. J. CRAMER ROBERTS. 
 
 R. WATTS, M. D. 
 
 Mr. WILLIS.
 
 572 KENT. [CBANBROOK. 
 
 Mr. CLARK. 
 Mr. SWATLAND. 
 Mr. BAKER. 
 Mr. BUTLER. 
 Mr. TOOTH. 
 Mr. INGRAM. 
 
 The School is open to all the boys of the Parish, free of 
 expense ; who, by a late regulation, have Classical books 
 provided for them by the Governors. 
 
 They are admitted as soon as they are competent to learn 
 the Latin Grammar ; and there is no prescribed time of 
 superannuation. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used. 
 There are Two Exhibitions at Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 founded by Lady VERNEY (out of an estate at South Lit- 
 tleton), for Scholars from Cranbrook or Warwick Schools. 
 They are paid by the Representative of the Foundress. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. D. W. DAVIES, 
 M. A., of Brasen-Nose College, Oxford, whose clear income 
 at present is 100. per annum. This Gentleman takes 
 Boarders, his terms being Fifty guineas a year. 
 
 It appears from Dr. DERHAM'S Physico-Theology, that 
 Cranbrook is particularly distinguished for it's salubrity- 
 
 The late Dr. FORD, Professor of Arabic and Principal of 
 Magdalen Hall, Oxford, was educated at this School.
 
 FEVERSHAM.] 
 
 KENT. 
 
 573 
 
 EEVERSHAM. 
 
 JOHN COLE, D. D., one of the Chaplains of The Royal 
 Chapel, and Warden of All Souls College, by Indenture, 
 dated the 10th of December, 1527, conveyed to The Abbot 
 and Convent of Faversham, and their Successors, divers 
 lands and tenements in this and the neighbouring Parishes 
 of Goodneston, Hernhill, and Leysdown, for the endowment 
 and maintenance of a School, wherein the Novices of the 
 Abbey should be instructed in Grammar ; And he directed, 
 that THE WARDEN and FELLOWS of ALL SOULS COLLEGE 
 should nominate the Schoolmaster from time to time, and 
 that the Abbot and his Successors should admit him, and 
 allow him an annual Stipend of 10., together with meat, 
 drink, a gown, a chamber, and four loads of fuel. 
 
 Soon after this Endowment, The Abbey of Faversham
 
 574 KENT. [FEVERSHAM. 
 
 was suppressed, and the School, as part of it, was involved 
 in the same ruin; upon which the lands above mentioned 
 became, with the rest of it's possessions, vested in the Crown, 
 and although several parts of them were granted away a* 
 different times, yet the chief of them remained in the Crown 
 until the reign of Queen ELIZABETH. 
 
 The Inhabitants of the Town, soon after the Dissolution, 
 had petitioned King HENRY the Eighth to re-endow the late 
 School, but without success : But on Queen ELIZABETH'S 
 resting here for Two nights in 1574, they took that oppor- 
 tunity strongly to solicit Her Majesty, by their humble 
 petition, to erect and endow a GRAMMAR SCHOOL for the 
 good education and instruction of their Youth, and those of 
 the neighbouring parts, according to the purpose and inten- 
 tion of Dr. COLE, in his foundation of one in the late Abbey, 
 and to settle upon it such of those lands with which he had 
 endowed it, that were still remaining in the hands of the 
 Crown; To which the Queen consented, and by her 
 Charter, dated the 14th of July, 1576, granted, that THE 
 MAYOR, JURATS, and COMMONALTY of the Town of FAVER- 
 SHAM, and their Successors, should be GOVERNORS of the 
 Revenues of the said School, to be called " THE FREE 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL of ELIZABETH, Queen of England, in 
 FAVERSHAM," and that they should be a Corporation for 
 that purpose, and have a Common Seal for all matters 
 relating to it ; And further, that The Warden, or Sub- 
 Warden, and Six Senior Fellows of ALL SOULS COLLEGE, 
 should nominate the Schoolmaster, and remove him, from 
 time to time; and that they, or the major part of them, 
 together with the Mayor, Jurats, and Commonalty of 
 Faversham, or the major part of them, should make Rules 
 and Statutes for the government and direction of the School- 
 master and Scholars, and for the Stipend and Salary of the 
 Master, and the disposition of the rents and revenues of it ; 
 and upon a vacancy of Master, if one should not be appointed 
 by The Warden and Fellows of All Souls College, within
 
 FEVERSHAM.] KENT. 575 
 
 Two months, that then the Archbishop of Canterbury should 
 appoint one. 
 
 According to this grant, Orders were made and established 
 by ROBERT HOVEDEN, Warden of All Souls in 1604, by 
 which the School is at present governed. 
 
 The endowment now consists of One hundred acres and 
 upwards, situate in Ewell-Field, Poynings-Marsh, Ewell- 
 Marsh, E well-Ponds, Black-lands, Honey-croft, Honey-hole, 
 and a small Salt Marsh adjoining ; out of which the Master 
 is paid an annual Salary, and the residue, after repairs and 
 other incidental charges are deducted, is reserved by the 
 Governors, and generally paid to him once in Five years, 
 the whole of the Income being appropriated to the Master, 
 and the support of the School. 
 
 The School-house, on the North side of the Church- 
 yard, was erected in 1582, by a general benevolence and an 
 assessment upon the whole Town. It consists of a large 
 Upper School-room, and a smaller one for the Master, 
 under which is a small one for a Library, that was begun to 
 be formed by WILLIAM RAWLEIGH, LL. B., then Master, 
 who by his Will left several books to it, and since increased 
 by the gift of Mr. MENDFIELD, Mayor, and by such books 
 as the Governors have from time to time purchased, and by 
 other benefactors. JOHN SMITH, Esq., of Sturrey, gave the 
 walk before it, which is well gravelled, and ornamented with 
 a row of Lime trees. 
 
 The School is open to boys indefinitely, within five miles 
 of the Town. Their nomination is vested in the Master. 
 
 LILLY'S Latin Grammar edited by WARD, and the ETON 
 Greek Grammar, are used. 
 
 There was One small Exhibition from this School to ST. 
 JOHN'S COLLEGE, which has not been claimed for many 
 years ; but inquiry has now been made concerning it. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. JOSHUA Dix, B. D., 
 who is also Vicar of Feversham. This Gentleman takes 
 Pupils, his present number being Fifteen.
 
 576 KENT. [GOVDHURST. 
 
 GOUDHURST. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at GOODHURST was founded 
 by JOHN HORSEMONDEN, Esq., of this Parish, 
 
 Who, by his Will, dated the 27th of February, 1670, which 
 was proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, on the 31st 
 of May, 1671, charged certain messuages, mills, and lands in 
 Tenterden, in the County of Kent, with an Annuity of 40. a 
 year, which he vested in WILLIAM COMPTON, Esq., and Eleven 
 other of his friends, all Inhabitants of Goudhurst, and their 
 Heirs, upon Trust, That, when Six of them should die, the 
 Survivors should appoint Six others in their places, and convey 
 the Annuity accordingly, and so from tune to time as often as 
 such Vacancies should happen. 
 
 And, that the Trustees for the time being should procure and 
 provide, that one pious and learned man, well grounded in the 
 Protestant Episcopal Religion now established in England, who 
 is able to teach youth to read, write, and understand the Latin 
 and Greek tongues, and all other tongues, arts and sciences, 
 required in youth for their admission into the Universities of this 
 Land, Do keep one School within the said Parish of Goudhurst, 
 and also do carefully and industriously teach all such youth of 
 the Parish as my said Twelve Friends, their Heirs, and such 
 their Successors as aforesaid, or the greater number of them, 
 shall appoint, to read, write, and understand so many of the 
 tongues, arts and sciences, as the said Youth shall be willing to 
 learn, 
 
 The Trustees to pay to such person, so teaching, 35. part of 
 the 40., at the four usual Quarterly Rent days, deducting 
 only the expense of new Conveyance to new Trustees, when 
 necessary : 
 
 The Trustees, from time to time, to procure and provide, 
 that one other pious and learned person of Protestant Episcopal 
 Religion, do keep one School within the said Parish of Goud- 
 hurst, And also do carefully and industriously teach all such 
 poor Children of Goudhurst, as the Trustees or the greater part 
 of them shall direct, to read English perfectly, for which he 
 should be paid 5. a year, the residue of the ,40., by like 
 Quarterly payments, abating a proportion of the expense of a 
 new Conveyance, when necessary : 
 
 If any Teacher become vitious or negligent in his office, the 
 Trustees, or the greater number of them, are seriously to
 
 GOUDHURST.] KENT. 577 
 
 admonish him, and if he do not amend, the Trustees shall 
 withdraw the yearly payments, and give the same to some other 
 person so qualified as first aforesaid, as shall be by them chosen 
 in his stead. 
 
 Mr. HORSEMONDEN left a daughter and heir, CATHERINE, 
 who married GEORGE MAPLESDEN, Esq.. They had two 
 Sons, who dying without issue, the Estate descended to 
 their two Sisters, CATHERINE the Wife of JOHN COUTHORPE, 
 Esq., and ANN the Wife of GEORGE 'BOOTH, Esq. 
 
 On a partition of the Estate between these two Families, 
 this Annuity was made chargeable on the part assigned to 
 BOOTH. On the death of Sir CHARLES BOOTH, (Grandson 
 of CHARLES BOOTH above-named), his part of the Estate 
 has been again divided between his Co-heirs; and this 
 Annuity is made payable out of a Farm at Winchett Hill, 
 in Goudhurst, and other lands allotted to Mrs. CLARKE. 
 The present TRUSTEES are, 
 JOHN POPE, Esq. 
 WILLIAM FUGGLE. 
 The Revd. WILLIAM BAGSHAW HARRISON, Vicar of 
 
 Goudhurst. 
 ROBERT SPRINGETT. 
 THOMAS MILLES. 
 WILLIAM MYNN. 
 THOMAS WILLIAMS. 
 SAMUEL PLAYSTED NEWINGTON. 
 
 All of Goudhurst, so that there are now four vacancies. 
 There is a House for the Master of THE GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL, but it is a very old, decayed building. It was not 
 given by Mr. HORSEMONDEN, but upwards of 100 years 
 ago, there was a vacancy of a Master for a whole year, and 
 the then Trustees laid out the Salary in the purchase of this 
 old House, and about an acre of ground, including a small 
 garden. It is leasehold, and is holden of The Dean and 
 Chapter of Rochester, renewable every seven years, when 
 the Fines and Leases come nearly to 12. The lease is 
 VOL. i. P p
 
 578 KENT. [GoiiDHURST. 
 
 made to the Trustees of the School for the time being. The 
 present and former Masters have always resided in it ; and 
 there is a School-room. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM DOWTH- 
 WAITE, who has a Living in Kent, but is excused Residence 
 on account of the School. He has presided FORTY YEARS, 
 he succeeded THOMAS DICKENSON, who succeeded THOMAS 
 C RUT TALL, neither of whom were Clergymen. These three 
 Gentlemen have had this Grammar School upwards of OXE 
 HUNDRED YEARS. 
 
 The 5. a year are paid to ELIZABETH BRIDGLAND, 
 Widow, who teaches TWELVE poor Childen.
 
 LEWISHAM.] KENT. 
 
 LEWISHAM or BLACKHEATH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of LEWISHAM was founded 
 in the life time of ABRAHAM COLFE, Clerk, Vicar of Lewis- 
 ham, in 1647; who, by his Will, bearing date the 7th of 
 September, 1656, bequeathed the greater part of his real 
 and personal property to THE COMPANY of LEATHER-SEL- 
 LERS of London, in Trust, to be bestowed in Charitable 
 uses, principally for the benefit of this Parish, and the Hun- 
 dred of Blackheath. 
 
 The School was erected upon a waste piece of ground of 
 nearly Two acres obtained for that purpose on the verge of 
 Blackheath, within the parish of Lewisham, for which Mr. 
 COLFE or his Assigns were to pay to the Overseers of the 
 Poor of Lewisham, 6s. yearly, for ever, " for the herbage of 
 the soil," and also to the Lord of the Manor, ]2d. every 
 year, " for his right to the ground." 
 
 The School was first opened in the month of June, 
 1652, 
 
 The Founder directing, that =30. shall be paid yearly out of 
 his estate, " for teaching THIRTY ONE youths or male Children 
 of the Laity, besides the Children of the Ministers incumbent, 
 chosen out of all the Parishes of the Hundred of Blackheath, 
 freely," to a learned Scholar and exact Grammarian, who is sound 
 in the true Religion, and testified and found to be of an honest, 
 upright and Godly life, and shall be examined and approved by 
 Three of the Chief Schoolmasters of Three of the chief Free 
 Schools, in and about the City of London : viz., at WESTMIN- 
 STER, at PAUL'S, and at MERCHANT TAYLORS' School; also, by 
 The President and Deans, and Assistants of SIGN COLLEGE in 
 London, and by the several Pastors and Ministers incumbent, 
 (being lawfully ordained Ministers) of Greenwich, Deptford, 
 Charlton, Woolwich, Eltham, Leigh, and Lewisham, in Kent, 
 under the hands, of the whole, or at least Nine of them, of which 
 number, my earnest desire is, that the Three Chief School 
 Blasters before mentioned, the President of Sion College, the
 
 580 KENT. [LEWISHAM. 
 
 proper Pastors of Greenwich, Deptford, Leigh, and Lewisham, 
 being lawfully ordained Ministers, and nearest the Grammar 
 School, shall set their hands, that he is a very able and sufficient 
 Scholar to teach the Latin and Greek Tongues, both in Prose 
 and Verse, and also able to teach the Hebrew, and so to make 
 every way fitting Scholars to be sent to the Universities of Ox- 
 ford and Cambridge." 
 
 The Schoolmaster, before he be admitted and installed into 
 the School, shall hear The Founder's Orders and Statutes read, 
 and shall faithfully promise under his hand, the true observance 
 and keeping of them : He shall at the same time give good 
 security that, if he should afterwards prove scandalous in his 
 life, negligent in his calling, or otherwise faulty in the wilful 
 breach of any of the Statutes, so to be adjudged by The Master 
 and Wardens of the Society of Leathersellers, he shall, upon 
 one Quarter of a year's warning, given in Writing under Three 
 of their hands, and left before one or two Witnesses at the School 
 or his House, leave quiet and peaceable possession of the same, 
 without making appeal to Higher Courts of Justice, and to give 
 place to another to be chosen in his room ; He shall then also 
 give security, that neither his Wife or Child or Children (if he 
 happen to have any) shall be chargeable to the Officers and 
 Parishioners of Lewisham, for their maintenance, by reason of 
 any long time of their abode here. 
 
 Of the number of Scholars appointed to be taught freely, 
 TEN shall be always chosen and taken out of Greenwich, EIGHT 
 out of Deptford, and FIVE out of Lewisham, ONE out of 
 Leigh, and ONE out of Charlton and Writtle Marsh, and Red- 
 brooke alias Ridbrooke adjoined, THREE out of Woolwich, 
 and THREE out of Eltham, with the hamlet of Mottingham, and 
 all the houses near Foot's Cray, that lie within the Hundred of 
 Blackheath, adjoined in the choice with Eltham, according to 
 their proportion. 
 
 And The Founder also directs, that if any of the proper Pas- 
 tors and Ministers incumbent, of the several Parishes of the 
 Hundred of Blackheath, and also of Chislehurst, have any sons, 
 every one of them shall have full power and liberty to send ONE 
 son, " yet but ONE only, at once, out of one house, to the 
 Grammar School, to be taught freely ." And, " that Son shall 
 be taught freely, over and above the number of the ONE and 
 THIRTY Free Scholars of the Laity, allowed to be chosen in and 
 out of all the Parishes of the Hundred ; yet with this Condition 
 following, That every such lawfully ordained Minister of the 
 Hundred, that useth this privilege of sending his son to be taught 
 freely, at the Grammar School, and more especially the Minis- 
 ter incumbent of Lewisham, Greenwich, Deptford and Leigh,
 
 LEWISHAM.] KENT. 581 
 
 being not far from the School, with all the rest, do take the 
 opportunity at least once in every Two or Three months, to visit 
 the Grammar School, and, for one or two hours, strictly to exa- 
 mine the Schol irs of the Higher and Lower Forms, about the 
 books they learn, the manner of teaching the daily exercises they 
 make, and how they profit therein, And this I humbly and ear- 
 nestly request in Love, to be carefully performed by the several 
 Pastors of the Parishes in the Hundred, and also of Chislehurst, 
 And likewise, that they will always hereafter conscionably 
 perform and discharge the Trust that is laid upon them, by me 
 in this Will, about chusing the worthiest person for Learning 
 and Piety to be Schoolmaster, and also the learnedest Scholars 
 (without exception and partiality}, to be sent out of the Grammar 
 School, from the year 1662, every year, yearly, to the Uni- 
 versity." 
 
 The Free Scholars are all to be chosen in their respective 
 Parishes, at a Public Meeting, in Easter Week, of which notice 
 shall be given in the Church on the Sunday preceding. 
 
 They are to be " destitute Orphans, the Children of Parish 
 Pensioners, and of Day Labourers, Handycraft's-men, mean 
 Tradesmen, painful Husbandmen, or of any other honest and 
 godly poor persons, in every parish, so that the Children be of a 
 good wit, and capacity, and apt to learn, who shall be always 
 chosen in the first place, before the Children of them that be of 
 better ability.'' But if there be no request nor offer made for 
 any, for the chusing of any such poor Children, and the main- 
 taining of them with diet, and fitting apparel, sweet and clean, 
 both linen and woollen, and for the payment of some small du- 
 ties to the Schoolmaster, then it is left to the godly wisdom and 
 discretion of the Ministers incumbent and Church officers and 
 other Gentlemen and Parishioners, in every Parish, at a law- 
 ful Public Meeting to make choice of such Children to be taught 
 freely, without limitation of the real or personal estate of the 
 Parents, as they, in their own conscience, shall judge and be 
 persuaded will prove the fittest instruments to the promoting of 
 God's Glory, the advancing of Learning, and the general benefit 
 of the Country. 
 
 The Scholars are to be able to read very well, and be entered 
 well into the Accidence, and also able to write a legible hand, 
 before they be chosen to be taught freely at the Grammar 
 School. 
 
 And, " in love to draw the Parents the more willingly to send 
 their children to the School," he directs, that a Writing Master 
 shall be appointed with a Salary of <ll. per annum. 
 
 The Lord of the Manor, then " Maister RAYNALL GBA-
 
 582 . KENT. [LEWISHAM. 
 
 HAME, Esq." at the time of granting the premises for the 
 site of the School, stipulated for several privileges for himself 
 and his Successors, 
 
 Among which are, that on any vacancy of the Chief Master's 
 place, he shall have the power to nominate " any learned West- 
 minster Scholar, that hath taken Degrees in the University, to 
 stand in election with one or two, or three more" Candidates, 
 who are nominated by the other Electors. He may always 
 have One Scholar (being a son of one of his Tenants) taught 
 freely in the Grammar School, if the Child be equally capable of 
 that gift with other poor Scholars, And he may also have Two 
 Scholars more, of the sons of his Tenants, always taught freely 
 in the READING and WRITING School, " though not built upon 
 the Waste, but upon my own ground," upon similar conditions 
 of capacity. 
 
 Upon any vacancy of the Master of the Grammar School, a 
 new Master is to be chosen within Eighteen days next following, 
 at the School-house. His Salary is fixed at .30. per annum, 
 with a House for his Residence, which, as it was built large and 
 commodious, that he might enjoy the advantage of taking 
 Boarders, the Founder directs that he shall keep in repair. He 
 is not to undertake any Church duty, without special leave of 
 the Trustees, by whom he may be displaced if he be guilty of 
 any notorious misbehaviour, especially " if he give scandal or 
 evil example to the Scholars or others, by being a gamester and 
 diver, or a frequenter of Taverns and Alehouses, or a drunkard 
 or whoremonger, or given to wanton dalliances, and unseemly 
 behaviour with women, or lavish in unnecessary expenses, in 
 following vain gaudy fashions of apparel, or if he wear long 
 curled, or Ruffin-like hair, or if he be a swearer and curser, or if 
 he be unsound in the Faith, and corrupt in Religion, either 
 Papist or Popishly affected, or an Armenian, or Socinian, or Ana- 
 baptist, or one holding and broaching heresies, and gross erro- 
 neous opinions contrary to the Articles of our Christian Faith, 
 and of the true Religion, established of the Church of England, 
 and confirmed by public authority of public Laws and Sta- 
 tutes," &c. 
 
 The boys also are strictly forbidden to <f wear long curled, 
 frizzled or powdered, or Ruffin-like hair, but shall cut their hair 
 and wear it in such sort and manner that both the beauty of their 
 foreheads may be seen, and that their hair shall not grow longer 
 than above one inch below the lowest tips of their ears." 
 
 The Founder's relations, if duly qualified, are to have the pre- 
 ference, if Candidates for the Master's place. 
 
 The Usher or Under Master, (who was to be appointed from
 
 LEWISHAM.] KENT. 583 
 
 the 1st of April, 1701, at a Salary of .20. per annum), is to be 
 " a learned and exact Grammarian, and a Godly man," a sin- 
 gle person, and by God's grace continue unmarried, a Graduate 
 in the University, and one of a sound Faith, professing the true 
 Religion, as was before required of the Head Master. He is to 
 be examined and approved by the same persons as the Head 
 Master, and also by the Head Master himself, after which, 
 being presented to The Wardens of the Compaay of Leather 
 sellers, he is to be admitted by them. A House was also built 
 for the Usher adjoining to the School. 
 
 Various regulations relating to the internal government of 
 the School, the rewards, punishments, and recreations of the 
 Scholars, are prescribed also by the Founder in his Will, and 
 Public Disputations and Trials of skill are appointed annually, 
 in the month of May or June, before the Ministers of Lewisham, 
 Greenwich, Deptford, and Leigh, when Prizes of Silver Pens 
 are to be given to the Three best Scholars, and the best Writers. 
 " And those Three Visitors, and best Scholars, shall have 
 some pretty Garland put upon their head, provided for that 
 purpose, and which they shall wear afterwards upon their hats, 
 with their Silver Pens, well fastened for a whole month or six 
 weeks together, and come last and next in order to the Master 
 and Usher, in going to and coming from the Public Church, 
 whereby they may be known, to be the learnedest Free Scholars of 
 that School." 
 
 One of the Wardens and one of the Assistants, and the Clerk 
 of The Company of Leathersellers, are to go down to Lewisham, 
 once every year, about the month of May or June, and then 
 carefully read over the accompts, and employments, and 
 distributions of all matters bequeathed by the Founder's will to 
 pious uses, concerning that Parish, They are to view the land 
 and houses, if they please, " And they shall then consider of 
 the teaching and chusing of the poorScholars,both of the GRAM- 
 MAR SCHOOL and of the READING and WRITING SCHOOL,* 
 whether the Schoolmaster and Usher behave themselves every 
 way carefully and uprightly in their places : to which end, for 
 the better trial, my Will is, that when the Grammar School is 
 once thoroughly founded, and MANY SCHOLARS ARE TAUGHT, 
 and among them, some fitted to be chosen and sent to the Univer- 
 sity, every one of which I wish to be Seventeen years old before 
 they be chosen." The Visitors are to be accompanied by " a, 
 
 * Mr. COLFE founded at the same time an English School In 
 Lewisham, for THIRTY-ONE boys also, who are to be taught read- 
 ing, writing, Psalm-singing, and the Accidence.
 
 584 KENT. [LEWISHAM. 
 
 very learned and godly Minister or School-master, for the exami- 
 nation of the Scholars/' to whom they are to give 10s. " for his 
 pains therein." 
 
 SEVEN Scholars, after being strictly examined and found every 
 way fitting for their skill in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew lan- 
 guages, by one of the Chief Schoolmasters in London, and the 
 Ministers of Lewisham, Greenwich, Deptford, Leigh, and 
 Chislehurst, are to be sent to one of the Universities of Oxford 
 or Cambridge, and to have each an Exhibition of '10. per an- 
 num, for Seven years. These Exhibitioners are to be Children 
 of persons not reputed to be worth above 500. ; and natives 
 of Lewisham to be preferred. Provision is made in case at any 
 time a Scholar fit for the University should not be found in the 
 School at Blackheath, that an Exhibitioner shall be chosen, 
 first out of the Children of persons belonging to THE COMPANY 
 of LEATHERSELLERS, next out of the Free School at CHRIST'S 
 CHURCH in Canterbury, and lastly, out of the Free School at 
 CHRIST'S HOSPITAL in London, " alternis vicibus, one after 
 the other, when and as often as the case so falleth out." The 
 Exhibitioners are to set down under their hands in the Book of 
 Records, before the Minister and Church officers of Lewisham, 
 that they purpose, " by God's grace, if the Lord seem not to 
 hinder them, by offering a very fair opportunity of present em- 
 ployment to God's Glory, in another calling, at or before the end 
 of Eight years" to take upon them the function of the Minis- 
 try ; and in the mean time, while they stay in the University, 
 that, through God's help, they will take each of them the De- 
 grees, both of Bachelor and of Master of Arts, and duly take 
 " Sermon Notes :" that they will, if they be Ministers before 
 the end of the Tenth year, preach one or two Sermons in Lewis- 
 ham Church, will set forth a few Sermons in print, and do 
 their endeavours to write some learned Commentaries on the 
 Holy Scripture, or other books of Divinity,' and will give one 
 book always of every book they print, and also the copy of all 
 their Sermon Notes, to the Public Library at this School, 
 " yea, and if God enable them, that they will do some further 
 good for continuance to the Parish of Lewisham." The Exhibi- 
 tioner is to be allowed 24s., to buy certain books, for the better 
 furtherance of his study, with the direction of his Tutor. 
 
 The great Room over the School is appropriated by The 
 Founder for a LIBRARY, to which he gives by his Will all 
 his Books, to " be strongly bound in leather," and " fas- 
 tened with iron chains ;"" he allows 20s. per annum, for the 
 purchase of new books ; 5*. to the Usher, as Librarian; and 
 7*. to buy chains.
 
 LKWISOAM.] KENT. 585 
 
 The sum of I3s.Ad. is allowed for an Anniversary Sermon 
 at Lewisham or Greenwich, in Whitsun-week, being the 
 time when the School was opened, 20.9. for the annual 
 Election Dinner, and the like sum for a Dinner, at the 
 election of a Schoolmaster. 
 
 The Founder also directed by his Will, that a certain sum 
 should be allotted, for the purpose of apprenticing Six 
 SCHOLARS annually from the English School. And for 
 building FIVE ALMS-HOUSES, 
 
 In the Sixteenth year of King CHARLES the Second, 1665, 
 an Act was obtained for settling Mr. COLFE'S Charitable 
 bequests. 
 
 At present, <f neither Latin nor Greek are taught in ei- 
 ther of the Schools? And " the Exhibitions are never paid" 
 as there are "NO SCHOLARS AT LEWISHAM to profit by them"! 
 
 The present Head Master of the Latin Grammar School 
 is, The Revd. THOMAS WAITE, LL. D., who takes Private 
 Pupils. 
 
 Mr. THOMAS ROBERTS, the present Master of The 
 English Grammar School, also takes Private Pupils
 
 586 KENT. [MAIDSTOXE. 
 
 MAIDSTONE. 
 
 IN the Fourth year of the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, 
 1562, Archbishop PARKER, in obedience to Her Majesty's 
 command, returned an account of the several Schools and 
 Hospitals in this Diocese, and among them, that there was 
 a School erected at MAIDSTONE by the charge of the Mayor 
 and Commonalty of the Town, who had purchased of the 
 late King certain lands to that intent, amounting to 9..6..8. 
 per annum, and that it was not charged with Tenths. 
 
 By the Charter for establishing this School, which was 
 granted by Queen ELIZABETH, the Corporation was em- 
 powered to make wholesome Orders and Statutes, for the 
 government of the Masters and Scholars ; in consequence 
 of which certain RULES and ORDERS were made for that 
 purpose. 
 
 This School has had some considerable Benefactors to it. 
 
 WILLIAM LAMBE, a Gentleman of the Chapel to King 
 HENRY the Eighth, and a Freeman of The Clothworkers' 
 Company, among his other Charities, gave 10. yearly to 
 The Free School of Maidstone for ever, with this proviso, 
 that the Children of needy men only should be preferred to 
 the enjoyment of this benefit. 
 
 ROBERT GUNSLEY, Clerk, Rector of Titsey, in Surrey, 
 by his Will, dated the 30th of June, 1618, and pro- 
 ved in the Prerogative Court on the 30th of November fol- 
 lowing, devised the Rectory and Parsonage of Flamstead, 
 in the County of Hertford, to The Master and Fellows of 
 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE in Oxford, and their Successors, to 
 the intent, that they, during the continuance of the Leases 
 granted of the Parsonage then in being, should, with the 
 rents and profits of it, keep and maintain Two SCHOLARS,
 
 MA ID STONE.] KENT. 587 
 
 whereof ROBERT GUNSLEY should be one, and THOMAS 
 AYERST the other ; and after the expiration of the said 
 Leases, that they should make choice of FOUR SCHOLARS, 
 including the Two above-mentioned, all which should be 
 chosen by the said Master and Fellows, one Jialfout of the 
 Grammar School of ROCHESTER, and the other half out of 
 this Grammar School of MAIDSTONE, being only such as 
 were born in the County of Kent, and none other, except 
 such as should be of his Kindred ; And as often as these 
 Scholarships should become void, that the same should be 
 renewed and filled up by the said Master and Fellows for 
 the time being, out of the Grammar Schools before men- 
 tioned, within Three months after such avoidance from time 
 to time for ever ; And that the Charges of the Master and 
 such Fellows as should be sent and employed in and about 
 the said Election, should be borne and deducted out of the 
 allowance appointed to the Scholar or Scholars, who should 
 be elected in the interim of the said Three months;- All 
 which Scholars, as they or any of them should attain to their 
 rooms or places aforesaid, should be kept and maintained by 
 the said Master and Fellows from time to time at some 
 Grammar School, until they were fit to go to UNIVERSITY 
 COLLEGE, and then be placed by The Master and Fellows 
 in the said College, with fit and convenient Chambers 
 there, and that The Master and Fellows should pay to each 
 of the Two SCHOLARS, during the continuance of the Lea- 
 ses, 11. a piece every year, at Michaelmas and Lady-day 
 by equal portions: And should pay to the FOUR SCHO- 
 LARS, after the expiration of the said Leases, yearly 15. a 
 piece, accounting always the Two SCHOLARS to be of the 
 number of the FOUR, and those of his name and kindred to 
 l)e preferred before any other ; And that The Master and 
 Fellows, after the expiration of the said Least's, houli pay 
 to the Curate and Curates of Flamstead the yearly sum of 
 60. as his or their Salary, at the two Feasts before speci-
 
 588 KENT. [MAIDSTONE. 
 
 fied, by equal portions ; the Election of which Curate 
 should be by The Master and Fellows aforesaid ; provided, 
 that whenever the said Curate's place should be void, one 
 of his own Scholars should have the refusing of it, before 
 any other. 
 
 In 1649, JOHN DAVY, M. D., of this Town, devised 
 by his Will all his lands in the Parish of Newchurch, in 
 Kent, containing Sixteen acres, then let at 18. per annum, 
 for the better maintenance of the Master and Usher of this 
 School. These lands now let for 17- per annum. 
 
 In 1805, The Revd. JOHN RICE gave 6. per annum 
 arising from the Redemption of the Land Tax in the Parish 
 of Hoo. 
 
 The School is open to the sons of Freemen indefinitely 
 free of expense, for the Classics wily : they pay a guinea 
 per Quarter for writing, cyphering, &c. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the ETON plan is 
 principally followed. 
 
 At present the Master is chosen by the Inhabitants of the 
 Town and Parish of Maidstone, assembled in Vestry. He 
 is entitled to a very good House, with proper offices and 
 conveniences, late the Mansion and buildings of THE FRA- 
 TERNITY of CORPUS CHRISTI in Maidstone, together with 
 the rents and profits of a Farm of \ 1. per annum, and a 
 Salary of 20. a year paid by The Corporation. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. EDWARD MOTT ALL- 
 FREE, who takes Boarders at Forty guineas per annum. 
 His present number is between 20 and 30. 
 
 The Chapel or Hall of The Fraternity is now the School- 
 room ; which, being very large and commodious, is also 
 made use of by The Corporation to hold their Court-Leet, 
 and to chuse their Mayor and Members of Parliament. 
 
 Among the Eminent men who have been educated_at 
 this School, may be enumerated, 
 
 GEORGE HORNE, D. D., late Bishop of Norwich.
 
 MAIDSTONE.] KENT. 589 
 
 Admiral Lord GAMBIER. 
 
 Sir HENRY CALDEE, Bart., Lieut. Governor of Gib- 
 raltar. 
 
 Sir ROBEET C ALDER, Admiral of the White. 
 
 PHINEAS PETT, D. D., Archdeacon of Oxford. 
 
 WILLIAM STEVENS, Esq., late Treasurer of Queen 
 ANNE'S Bounty. 
 
 The Revd. WILLIAM HORNE, Nephew of the Bishop. 
 
 JOHN POND, Esq., the present Astronomer Royal. 
 
 Sir SAMUEL EGERTON BRYDGES, Bart., now M. P. for 
 Maidstone, who keeps a Printing- Press at his 
 House, LEE PRIORY, from which he has re-pub- 
 lished several curious and scarce books. He has 
 also most laudably given his assistance in the 
 endeavour to get rid of the interpretation of an 
 odious Act, professed to be passed for the encou- 
 ragement of LITERATURE, but which, under it's 
 present operation, is a most CRUEL and OPPRES- 
 SIVE TAX upon those Authors whom it declared 
 to support, arbitrarily obliging them to give no 
 less than ELEVEN copies of their Works to 
 wealthy Bodies, who are abundantly able to pur- 
 chase them.
 
 KENT. [ROCHESTER. 
 
 ROCHESTER. 
 
 THE ROYAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL in The City of ROCHESTER 
 dates it's origin, from the Foundation Charter of The Dean 
 and Chapter of The Cathedral Church, on the 18th of 
 June, in the Thirty-third year of the reign of King HENRY 
 the Eighth, 1542. 
 
 About three years after, His Majesty gave a Code of STA- 
 TUTES for the government of this Chuch, in which it is 
 ordained, that there- shall be " Duo Informatores Puerorum 
 in Grammatica^ quorum unus sit Prceceptor, alter Sub-Prce- 
 ceptor, Viginti Pueri in Grammatica erudiendi." And a 
 following Chapter refers accordingly to the School. 
 
 The Statutes also direct, that Exhibitions of 5. per an- 
 num each shall be paid to Four Scholars, Two at each of 
 the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge ; The Scholars 
 to be more than Fvfteen^ and under Twenty years of age, to 
 be chosen from this School in preference, but if none such 
 are here duly qualified, then from any other School, so that 
 they be neither Fellow or Scholar in either University. 
 The said Pension to continue until they commence Bache- 
 lor, and that within the space of Four years ; after which 
 they are to enjoy the same for Three years ; when com- 
 mencing Master of Arts they are to be allowed 6. per an- 
 num, and after that 6..13..4. The College to be at the 
 option of The Dean, or, Vice-Dean, and Chapter, who no- 
 minate the Scholars. 
 
 Besides these Exhibitions, ROBERT GUNSLEY, Clerk, 
 Rector of Titsey, in Surrey, by his Will, dated the 30th of 
 June, 1618, bequeathed to The Master and Fellows of 
 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, Oxford, 60. per annum, for the 
 maintenance of FOUR SCHOLARS to be chosen by them from 
 The Free School of Maidstone, and from this Grammar
 
 ROCHESTER.] KENT. 591 
 
 School, such as are natives of the County of Kent only, of 
 whom those of his name and kindred to have the preference, 
 who are to be allowed Chambers and 15. per annum each. 
 See, Maidstone. 
 
 The Statutes also prescribe the Allowances " pro mensa, 
 pro vestibus, pro stipendiis" and the Prayers which 
 are to be said in the School " hord sexto, mane? and, 
 " hord quintd" in the Evening. 
 
 This " KING'S SCHOOL" is now considered " a perfectly 
 private Institution" under the sole control of The Dean 
 and Chapter, and is conducted with becoming Prudence.
 
 KENT. 
 
 NEW ROMNEY. 
 
 THE HOSPITAL, and SCHOOL, at NEW; ROMNEY were found- 
 ed by JOHN SOUTHLAND, of this Town, Gentleman, who, 
 by his Will, proved in 1618, devised all his houses, lands, 
 and tenements, to his Executor THOMAS BROADNAX, of 
 Godmersham, his Son-in-law, upon condition that he should 
 make over by due course of law, to remain and continue 
 for ever, the House wherein his Schoolmaster then dwelt, 
 together with 30 acres of land and 18 acres of wood in 
 Smarden, one tenement with 51 acres of land in Harriets- 
 7tam ) and one other tenement and 32 acres of land in 
 Ulcombe, to the only use of a Schoolmaster, and the relief 
 of " Two couple of Poor Folk :" That his Executor should 
 make those premises a Body Politic and Corporate, for 
 ever to endure, for the maintenance of the same : The 
 Master to pay out of the proceeds to the Two couple of 
 Poor Folk, 5. per annum clear ; by half yearly payments, 
 and when they died to put others in their rooms : 
 
 That the Master should pay out of those lands to the 
 Church-warden of St. Nicholas in New Romney, 5. by 
 half yearly payments, to keep the reparations of that Church 
 from time to time : 
 
 And that the Master should keep all the premises in re- 
 pair, and pay the Lord^s rent from time to time : 
 
 And that he should teach Two poor children to write 
 and read the English tongue, and cast accompts, until they 
 should attain the age of 14 years, and then to take others 
 in their place : 
 
 That the Poor Folk, and Poor Children, should be pla- 
 ced and displaced by the Mayor from time to time : 
 
 That the Master and Poor Folk should receive the Com- 
 munion yearly, at Easter, Whitsuntide, and Christmas, and
 
 KENT. 593 
 
 that the Master should at each time have them to his house ; 
 and should give them their Dinners : 
 
 And, that if he did not well and truly perform his payments, 
 he should lose his place, and another be chosen in his room, 
 freely, " without any bribes? by The Bailiff of Romney 
 Marsh from time to time, through such default, provided 
 he was a Scholar of OXFORD or CAMBRIDGE, sufficient to 
 teach the Latin tongue as well as the English: 
 
 His Executor to give and make over the lands and hou- 
 ses before mentioned, to stand good in law and continue for 
 ever, to the uses already expressed, and to have those assu- 
 rances inrolled according to law, within Three weeks after 
 he had confirmed and fulfilled his Will : 
 
 And that the Mayor should take account of the Church- 
 warden once a year, for the 5. which he had given to the 
 Church. 
 
 The Hospital and School-house is situate in the Parish of 
 St. Nicholas, and is used for the residence of the Master, 
 now called " The Governor" and the Four Poor Folk. 
 
 It was incorporated in the 30th of Queen ELIZABETH, 
 1588. 
 
 VOL. I. Q q
 
 594 
 
 KENT. 
 
 [SANDWICH. 
 
 SANDWICH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at SANDWICH owes it's ori- 
 <rm to The Mayor, Jurats, and Principal inhabitants of the 
 Town, who, in 1563, agreed to raise a sum of money by 
 Subscription, for the purpose of erecting a suitable Edifice, 
 under a promise from Mr. ROGER MAXWOOD, then a Bar- 
 rister, to endow the same with lands, of sufficient value to 
 support the building, and to maintain a Master. According- 
 ly, the sum of 2 86. .7-2. was immediately collected, and 
 other measures were taken to promote the Institution. 
 
 It happened fortunately, that Archbishop PARKER was 
 then in the neighbourhood; who, approving the design, 
 became eminently instrumental in it's establishment. He 
 made application to The Dean and Chapter of Canterbury,
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 595 
 
 for a Grant of some land belonging to their Church, which 
 was judged to be a proper scite for the School, and he, 
 moreover, wrote to his friend, Secretary CECIL, for his inte- 
 rest with Queen ELIZABETH, to procure her license, for the 
 Foundation and Endowment. 
 
 On the 1st of October 1563, Letters Patents were issued, 
 by which ROGER MANWOOD, of Hackington, was empow- 
 ered to erect a Free Grammar School in Sandwich, by the 
 name of " THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of ROGKR MAN- 
 WOOD, in SANDWICH : " 
 
 That the Mayor and Jurats of Sandwich, and their Suc- 
 cessors, should be Governours of the same, be a Body Cor- 
 porate, by the title of" GOVERNORS of THE FREE SCHOOL of 
 ROGER MANWOOD, in SANDWICH," might plead and be 
 impleaded by that name, might purchase estates in fee, to 
 the value of 40. a year, and have a Common Seal : 
 
 And Her Majesty further gave special license to the 
 said ROGER MANWOOD, to give and grant to the Go- 
 vernors the particular estates recited in the subsequent deed 
 of Feoffinent, with other grants usual in instruments of 
 that sort. 
 
 On the 2d of November following, Mr. MANWOOD ob- 
 tained a grant from The Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, 
 in Fee farm, of a piece of ground inclosed with a stone 
 wall, a thentofore called St. Thomas's, situate within the 
 Town of Sandwich near to Canterbury Gate there, abut- 
 ting the Delft Stream South, and the High Road North, 
 together with a piece of Salts, over-against the same 
 ground, abutting the mouth of the said Stream North, and 
 the said High Road South, at the yearly rent of 20d. 
 
 a A part of which is now remaining, and has lately been put 
 into complete repair by The Revd. WILLIAM WODSWORTH, the 
 present Incumbent.
 
 596 KENT. [SANDWICH. 
 
 Both these pieces of land, on the 20th of Feby. 1566, b 
 with 90 acres of meadow, pasture, and wood-land, in Hack- 
 ington and Northgate, Mr. MANWOOD enfeoffed to The 
 Mayor and Jurats, as Trustees, and to their Successors 
 for ever, for the perpetual support and maintenance of the 
 School. And of which they obtained possession, by livery 
 of seisin, in the month of March following. 
 
 On the 24th of March, 1580, Sir ROGER MANWOOD 
 drew up the following STATUTES/ for the government of 
 the School: 
 
 1. Inprimis, I ordeine, that the Master of the said Schole, at 
 
 b The Mayor and Jurats have ever since holden these lands, 
 but have deprived the School, for some years, of the rents of the 
 Salts Marsh, which amount to l?. a year, a large proportion 
 of the Master's Income, when compared with 37. the whole of 
 it. The present Master, soon after his appointment, which was 
 legally made in 1811, and duly confirmed, deemed it his duty, 
 according to the Oath of his Institution, to demand of the Trus- 
 tees the Restitution of the rents of those Salts. This was refu- 
 sed under various pretences ; upon which a plain Case was laid 
 before an eminent Chancery Council whose Opinion is, that the 
 Master is legally entitled to the rents of the said Salts. On this 
 Opinion being repeatedly declared to the Trustees, and their 
 final answer requested, they have come, at length, to a resolution 
 to restore the rents, from the present time, to the Master, pro- 
 vided a Common Assembly of The Corporation of Sandwich 
 shall sanction such resolve of the Court, i. e,, of The Mayor and 
 Jurats. 
 
 c These 90 acres were leased for 500 years by Sir ROGER 
 MANWOOD to his own Family, subject to an annual rent-charge 
 of .20. This Estate is now in the tenure of the HALES Family 
 of Hackington near Canterbury, whose Stewards pay the 20. 
 annually to The Mayor of Sandwich for the Master of the School, 
 who duly receives it. 
 
 d These Statutes are copied from BOYS'S History of Sand- 
 wich. All of them do not appear ever to have been carried into 
 effect, and cannot now be found. It is supposed that they were 
 entered in the School Register, which was in the custody of The 
 Mayor and Jurats, in 1790. On the confirmation of the present
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 597 
 
 everie avoidaunce from time to time duringe my lyfe, shal be at 
 my apointemente : and that, from tyme to tyme, at every avoid- 
 aunce after my deathe, the Master of the said Schole shal be 
 from tyme to tyme chosen by the Governors of the Schole, 6 viz., 
 The Maior and Jurats of Sandwich for the tyme beinge, or by 
 the more number of them, owte of Lyncolne Colledge of Ox- 
 forde, yf meete persons be presented, accordinge to certen 
 wrightings in that behalfe ; to which Maior and Jurattes dis- 
 creacion I commyt the governaunce of my said Schole after my 
 deathe, and they to be thereof Governours. 
 
 The Schole-master to be well reported of, Master of Artes in 
 Degree yf it male be convenientlie j alwaies forsene, that the 
 Scholemaster and Ussher teach the Grammer for the tyme 
 apointed by common awctoritie, or shorter Grammers beinge not 
 prohibited. And that the Schole-master be firste allowed by the 
 Ordynarie, and by examynacion fownd meete bothe for his 
 learnynge and discreacion of teachinge, as also for his honest 
 conversacion and righte understandinge of Godes trewe religeon 
 nowe sett fourth by publique awcthoritie ; whereunto he shall 
 stur and move his Schollers, and also shall prescribe unto them 
 suche sentences of Holy Scriptures as shal be moste expedient 
 to induce them to godlynes. 
 
 2. Item, I ordeine, that, after my death the Master alwaies 
 apointe and electe the Ussher/ as ofte as the place shal be void ; 
 whome so apointed and presented to The Governours they do 
 admitt hym, not knowinge sufficient cause to refuse hym ; and, 
 after he be so elected and admytted, not to be displaced with- 
 
 Master, he made an application to the Trustees for the Register, 
 but was told that it is lost. 
 
 e The Master is nominated by The Rector and Fellows of 
 Lincoln College, Oxford, in conjunction with The Mayor and 
 Jurats of Sandwich, and presented to His Grace the Archbishop 
 of Canterbury for Institution. The College nominate Two Mas- 
 ters of Arts, of whom The Mayor aud Jurats elect One, who, 
 being presented to the Archbishop, is instituted, by virtue of a 
 Fiat from His Grace, and takes the regular Oaths, together 
 with the Archbishop's License. The present Incumbent was so 
 nominated, elected, and instituted, in 1811. 
 
 f The present Master, desirous to raise the School from it's 
 dilapidated state, did appoint an Usher in 1812 ; but the Gen- 
 tleman, finding no support from the Town, has quitted it alto- 
 gether.
 
 593 KENT. [SANDWICH. 
 
 owte the consente of the saide governours or the more parte of 
 them. 
 
 3. Item, I ordeine, that, of my proper landes by me given for 
 maintenance of the said Schole, the Schole-master yerlie for his 
 Sallarie or Stipende shal be paide Twenty Pounds : and, of the 
 landes and tenementes by me conveyed to the said Schole ac- 
 cording to the Will of my late brother THOMAS deceased, the 
 Ussher yerlie for his Sallarie and Stipend shal be paied Tenn 
 powndes and, yf by any occasion the Usshers stipend cannot 
 so arrise and be levied, that the same be supplied of the rentts 
 of the landes and tenements given by the Testament of THOMAS 
 THOMPSON deceased : h and after those two Sallaries and Sty- 
 pendes paied, the overplus of the rentes and profittes of all the 
 said landes and tenementes to be yerlie as an equal divident 
 betwene the Schole-master and Ussher, after all chardges of 
 reparacions and otherwies towching the said Schole-howse, 
 Lands and Tenementes necessarely borne and allowed : of which 
 reparacions vewe from tyme to tyme is to be taken by the said 
 Governours ; for doinge whereof in suche wise that things de- 
 cayenge maie in tyme be repaired, and things wantinge rnaie be 
 supplied and all damages forseene, I ordeine, that twoe of the 
 Juratts everie yere, on the Mundaie nexte after the Feaste of 
 St. Mychaell tharchaungell, be chosen Surveiours,* and everie 
 yere to vewe the same twice for all decaies and reparacions, and 
 thereupon order from tyme to tyme to be taken. 
 
 4. Item, 1 ordeine, that, of such Schollers as in the same 
 Schole shal be tawghte, those that be Children of the Inhabit- 
 aunts of Sandwich to be frelie tawght, withowte any thing to be 
 demaunded or taken, but of benevolence shall be given at th'end 
 of everie quarter towardes buleng and providinge of such Dic- 
 tionaries and other Bookes as shal be for common use of the 
 Schollers ; and the reste of the forreine Schollers to be tawghte 
 
 * The Trustees never obtained possession of any lands or 
 rents, for the Salary of an Usher; nor does it appear, that an 
 Usher nas ever been found necessary. About 45 years since, 
 the Master appointed a Deputy, The Revd. Mr. DAVIES, who 
 officiated in the School for him. 
 
 h These lands and tenements never came into the possession 
 of the Trustees. 
 
 1 These Surveyors, if appointed, have made no repairs. The 
 house, in 1811, was in a very dilapidated stite, as well as the 
 walls. The present Incumbent has made repairs at the expense 
 of several Hundred pounds, defrayed by himself.
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 599 
 
 for such price and rate, as by the Maior or his Deputie and two 
 of the Juratts at the leaste and by the Master, from time to tune 
 upon th' admission, shal be limited unto the Master, k having res- 
 pecte to the Childe and Habilitie of his Parents ; And, for 
 suche Children as alreadie are placed in the Schole, the same 
 order upon perusinge is to be observed. 
 
 5. Item, I ordeine, that the Master and Ussher shall contynewe 
 and enjoye their howse and stypends, with the garden and or- 
 chard adjoyninge during theare lives not sufficientlie convicted 
 to have neglected their office : and, if it happen either of them 
 to be so convicted at any time, yet I will not that he be straight- 
 waies removed, but gently warned and admonished, by me 
 whiles I live, and after my deathe, by the Governors aforesaid or 
 the more parte of them : and so for the second time ; and then 
 yf after the second admonicion he doe not amend, and diligent- 
 He followe his office and chardge in the Schole, I will that he soe 
 offending be utterlie expulsed and amoved, and another to be 
 received in his rome ; and that to be done, after my deathe, with 
 all diligence by the said Governors. 
 
 6. Item, I ordeine, that the Master and Ussher shall neither of 
 them be a common gamester, and haunter of Taverns, nor by 
 any extraordinarie or unnecessarie expenses in apparell or other- 
 wies become an infamy to the School, and an evill example to the 
 yonge ; to whonie in all points they owghte to shewe themselves 
 an example of honest, contynente and godlie behaviour. 
 
 7. Item, I, desiringe the benefytt of the inhabitants of the 
 said towne of Sandwich in bordinge of Schollers and otherwies, 
 doe ordeine, that the Master of the saide Gramer Schole shall 
 not take to boerde, dyet or lodge in his howse or roomes or 
 otherwies above the nombre of Twelve Schollers, and the Ussher 
 not to take above the nomber of Sixe Schollars, unles yt shall 
 seeme conveniente to the said Governors that, upon some good 
 occasion and consideracion, the said Master and Ussher maie 
 have a more nomber at boerd and lodging with them. 
 
 8. Item, yf it happen the Master or Ussher to be visited with a 
 comon disease, as the agewe or any curable sicknes, I ordeine, 
 that he soe visited be tollerated for the time, and his stipend al- 
 lowed fully, so that his office be furnished by his sufficiente 
 Deputie. But yf, which God forbidd, they or any of them 
 shall fall into any infective and incurable disease, specially 
 thorowe their owne evill behaviour, then I ordeine, that he so 
 
 k The Regulation is, that each Day-scholar shall pay the 
 Master Eight guineas per annum for Tuition : And that is the 
 sum paid by each Scholar from the Town.
 
 600 KENT. [SANDWICH. 
 
 infected be removed and put awaie, and another be chosen in his 
 rome. 
 
 9. Item, if it happen the Master or Ussher, after long tyme 
 spente in the Schole, to waxe impotente, and throwgh age or 
 other infirmities not hable to endure the travell and labor neces- 
 sarie in the Schole, I ordeine, he be favorablie borne withall, so 
 that his office be furnished by his suffieiente Deputie, althoughe 
 he himself e be not hable. 
 
 10. Item, I ordeine, that the Master and Ussher be at libertie 
 either to remaine single or to marie, or to take priesthoode, so 
 he trowble not hymselfe with any benefice of cure or worldly 
 businesse, in such wies that shall hinder his office and dilligent 
 attendaunce in the Schole. 
 
 1 1 . Item, I ordeine, that, yf any contraversie happen to arrise 
 and growe betwene the Master and the Ussher at any tune, that 
 then yt be referred to me the Fownder whiles I live, and after to 
 the Governours of the said Schole, and they to stand to their 
 order and determynacion upon paine of depryvasion from their 
 office. 
 
 12. Item, I ordeine, that neither the Master or Ussher withowte 
 license of the said governours absent themselves above Twenty 
 daies in the yere from the Schole, nor soe muche but upon good 
 and urgent cause, and in that vacant tyme the one to supplie the 
 others office, upon some good convenient allowaunce as they can 
 agree, so as bothe at once maie not in any wies be absente from 
 the said Schole. 
 
 13. Item, yf yt happen to be suche contagious sicknes, as the 
 Plague or such like, that by consideracion of the said Governours 
 the teaching of the said Schole for the tyme beinge muste cease 
 and not meete to contynewe, yet neverthelesse I ordeine, that 
 both the Master and the Ussher have their Stipendes fully paid, 
 beinge allwaies in rediness to teache so sone as God shall make 
 suche contagious sicknes cease. 
 
 14. Item, If it happen the Master or the Ussher to die at any 
 tune in their office, I ordeine, that their executors or assigns shall 
 receave so much money as for his or their service is accomptable 
 to be dewe at the hower of his or their deathes after the rate per 
 diem, and in such case the rome to be supplied with as muche 
 convenient speed as maie be. And, for that vacant time the 
 Survivor to furnishe the whole chardge, and to receave so muche 
 as for both is dewe at that time. 
 
 15. Item, I ordeine, none to be taughte in this Schole but that 
 firste the Master be spoken withall by his or their friends, and to 
 be allowed by the master's admission and by the Maior or his 
 Deputie and twoe Juratts at leaste, requiringe that the Master, 
 by causing to be redd doe cause his friendes to understande suche
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 601 
 
 pointes of the Statutes and Ordinaunces as hereafter followeth, and 
 he or they being willing to obey the same ; then the Master shall 
 admitt aney suche Scholler, provided that every Scholler hereafter 
 to be admitted be hable, before his admission into the Schole to 
 write competentlie and to reade perfectlie both Englishe and 
 Lattyne, and that the Border doe undertake, under the paine of 
 fyve marcs, that the same Scholler shal be from tyme to tyme 
 furnished with all necessaries meete for his learninge, and that 
 suche Scholler shall not be taken from the Schole under one 
 monethes warninge, and not othenviese but by publique order 
 in the presence of the Maior or his Deputie and twoe of his 
 Bretheren, and so openlie to take his leave, and further shewinge 
 some probable cause of his departure ; and, upon proofe and 
 triall of every Schollers capacity, after a convenient tyme being 
 in the Schole and not found meete to learne, to signify the same 
 to his friends, and then, by assent of the Maior or his Deputie 
 and twoe Juratts at leaste, to remove him ; and none to be a 
 Scholler there but he doe boerd within the Towen, unless he 
 doe lodge within one mile and a haulfe of the Towen ; and none 
 to tarrie above Size yeares in learning there withowte a great 
 cause alledged and allowed by the said governours for the tyme 
 beinge ; and suche as alredie are placed in the Schole to atteine 
 writinge. competentlie within one quarter of a yere next cominge, or 
 ells to be removed till they can attain the same. 
 
 16. Item, I will and ordeine, that in the said Towne of Sand- 
 wich none other Grammer Schole be tawghte ; and farther, yf any 
 Schollar shall departe owte from this Schole withowte cause of 
 sickness, and be tawghte in any other Schole, that after suche de- 
 parture the same Scholler shall not be readmytted withowte speciall 
 consent of the Master, and that upon such cawse as shal be allowed 
 by the said Governours. 
 
 17. Item, I ordeine, that, yf the Schollers parentes be noe 
 dwellers in the Towne of Sandwich aforesaid, then his friends 
 shall not place him in any suche howse to be horded, as the 
 Master shall signefy to the parentes that yt hath been and is 
 likelie to be an occation of Scollers to followe idleness, gamynge 
 and other vayne pastimes not beseminge students. Therefore, to 
 avoid all such inconvenience, not only the partie that taketh the 
 Scholler or Schollers to boerd shall faithfully promise to the 
 Master before his or their admission to keepe them contynually 
 from all unthriftie pastimes and games in his house, and further 
 to lett the Master betimes have informacion in case he knowc 
 that they be lewdlie occupied within or withoute his house, not 
 in any pointe boulstringe up their evill ; but also, yf aney suche 
 misorder or defaulte in the partie that taketh the Scholler to 
 horde shal be fownde as the Master shal thereof make complaint
 
 G02 KENT. 
 
 unto the Governours, and then not reformed, then the said 
 partie to be secluded from having aney Schollers of this Schole 
 to boerde ; and the like dillygence to be used by suche parentes 
 as shall dwell in Sandwich and have their Children Schollers in 
 the saide Schole, upon paine of suche Schollers to be removed 
 and put from the Scole. 
 
 18. Item, I ordeine, that everie Scholler at his firste admission 
 into this schole shall paie Six pence, if his parentes be inhabit- 
 inge and the Scholler lodging in Sandwich ; and Twelve pence, 
 if his parentes be not inhabitinge or the Scholler not lodginge 
 there, to the common Boxe ; with whiche money the master at 
 his discreacion shall provide necessarie Bookes, as Dictionaries 
 or other, for the common use of the Schollers. 
 
 19. Item, I ordeine, that as ofte as any Scholler dothe absente 
 himselfe from the Schole, having no occasion of sicknes, or shal 
 be wantinge withowte leave of the Master, he shall, besydes his 
 correccion at his returne, paie to the common Boxe for everie 
 daies absence a peney as the dales come to. 
 
 20. Item, I ordeine, that the Master keep y e register, and in 
 the same write the names and surname of everie Scholler and 
 the daie of his entringe, which shall not be on aney other daie 
 but on the workinge Tewsdaie of everie week usually to keepe 
 Schoole, and not withowte consente of the Maior or his Deputie 
 and two of the Juratts firste had and thereat present. And the 
 said Master of the Grammar Schole everie yere, the Mundaie 
 nexte after the Feast of Sainte Mychaell th'archangell, shall at 
 the said Schole-house yeld to the said Governours a trewe 
 accompte of all suche Schollers as have been receaved into the 
 said Schole, and the names of suche as have departed thence j 
 and that a trewe accompte be made and keapte thereof, and in 
 presence of the said Governours fully answered to th'use of the 
 Schole of all suche admission money so receaved to the common 
 use of the said Schole. 
 
 21. Item, acknowledginge God to be th'only awthor of all 
 knowledge and vertewe, I ordeine, that the Master and Ussher 
 of this my Schole, or one of them at leaste, with their Schollers, 
 at halfe hour before Seaven of the clock, doe, firste devoutly 
 kneeling on their knees, praie to Almighty God, according to 
 the forme by the Master prescribed, on everie Schole daie. 
 
 22. Item, I ordeine, that, after Praier, they both attend the 
 Schole dilligentlie, teachinge, reading and interpretinge, untill 
 Eleven of the clock of the forenoon, and not to departe without 
 urgent cause, but in any wiese one to be present allwaie. 
 
 23. Item, I ordeine, that by One of the clock after dinner they 
 both resorte eftsones to the Schole, theare to attend the Schole 
 till Five of the clock at Eveninge, or more, according to the time
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 603 
 
 of the yere, at the discreasion of the Master ; and then devoutely 
 on their knees to praie, in form by the Master to be prescribed. 
 
 24. Item, I ordeine, that the Master and Ussher do usually 
 speak in the Lattyn tonge to their Schollers that doe understande 
 the same. 
 
 25. Item, I ordeine, that the Master, twice in one moneth at 
 the leaste, examine those which be under the Ussher's hand, to 
 understand ho we they profyt and goe forward in learninge. 
 
 26. Item, I ordeine, that the Ussher practise and use suche 
 order and forme in teachinge, as the Master shall think good and 
 prescribe. 
 
 27. Item, I ordeine, that the Master, or in his absence the 
 Ussher, shall not give remedie or leave to play above once in a 
 week, unlesse the said governors or some honourable or worship- 
 full person present in the Schole house shall requier the same, so 
 as that farther lycence be but once a week, and not two daies 
 together, nor in any forenoon, and not withowte shewinge some 
 exercise of learnynge in presence of hym that asketh the same. 
 
 28. Item, I ordeine, that all the Schollers upon the Sabbath 
 date and holy daies resort in dewe time to the Schole-house, and 
 
 from thence by two and two in order to goe to Devyne Service in 
 the nexte Parishe Churche in Sandwich wherein English Service 
 is used, the Master, if he be there, going before them, and the 
 Ussher, if he be there, after them ; but one of them at the least 
 being present to oversee them ; And, in like order to departe by 
 two and two owte of the churche when the Master or Ussher 
 then present shall apointe them to departe. And, on every 
 Saturday in the afternoon, before their going to churche, the 
 Master and Ussher or one of them with all the Schollers 
 devoutlie on their knees, the Schollers aloud, to saie one pre- 
 scribed forme of Praier, wherein shal be made mencion of the 
 Church, the Realme, the Prince, the Estate of the Towne, and the 
 Fownder and his Posteritie. And I ordayne, that the Master and 
 Ussher duelie everie Munday, or nexte Schole day after the Sab- 
 bath dale, in the morning call to reconing all such of the Schollers 
 as ither absent themselves from such comminge to the Churche, 
 or from being att the Churche, or came tardy to it, or otherwise 
 use not themselves reverentlie there in prayer, everie of them 
 having a Prayer booke in Latyn or Englishe according to the 
 Master his appointmente, and in that behalfe to use correccion 
 as shal be conveniente ; and that by the said Governours there be 
 appointed in the Churche, place convenient for the said Schollers 
 to be together, and not any other boyes or children to be there 
 emongest them, to th'end their silence and other demeanour maie 
 the better be seene unto and reformed. 
 
 29. Item, consideringe that vertewe and knowledge by praise
 
 604 KENT. [SANDWICH; 
 
 and reward is in all estates maynteined and encreased and espe- 
 cially in yowthe, I ordeine, that, after my deathe, everie yere 
 once, viz., the Tewsdaie nexte after the Feaste of St. Mychaell 
 th' archangell, there be kept in the Schole disputations, upon 
 questions provided by the Master, from Seven or Eight of the 
 Clock in the forenone till Nine or Ten of the Clock followinge ; 
 at which disputations, I ordeine, that the Master desire the Par- 
 sons and Vicars of the Towne, with one or two other of know- 
 ledge or more dwelling nighe, to be present in the Schole if it 
 please them to hear the same. The disputation ended, to de- 
 termine which three of the hole number of several forms have 
 done best by the judgements of the Master and learned hearers : 
 and I ordeine, that the first allowed have a Penn of Silver whole 
 guilte of the price of 2*. 6d. ; the second, a Penn of Silver parcell 
 guilte of the value of 2s. , the third, a Penn of silver of 20d., for 
 their rewardes : and then I will, that the hole company goe in 
 order deeentlie by two and two unto the ParishChurch of Our Ladye 
 aforesaid, the three victors to come laste nexte to the Master and 
 Ussher, and ither of them having a Garland on their heads pro- 
 vided for the purpose, and in the Church then and there tokneele 
 or stand in some convenient place to be apointed by the discrea- 
 cion of the Governours and Master of the Schole, and to sale or 
 singe some convenient Psalme or Himpne, with a Collet having 
 some convenient rememberaunce and making mention of the 
 Church, the Realme, the Prince, the Towne and the Fownder, as 
 shal be apointed and devised by the Master. 
 
 30. Item, everie absence from Churche or from such assemblies, 
 and everie unreverent behaviour at any time, to be sharply 
 punished : and likewies honestie and cleanlyneas of lief, speache 
 and manners, and namelie lowliness and courtesie, to be sta- 
 blished by all good meanes ; pride, rybawdrie, lying, pyckinge 
 and blasphemy nge to be sharplie punished. 
 
 31. Item, it shall not be lawful for the Master or Usher, or 
 aney of their friendes, at going away from their office to spoile or 
 take awaie with them aney suche thinge as is or shal be sett up and 
 fastened in their howse or howses, or planted in their orchards or 
 gardens, or as stock or store placed in the schoole howsinge, but 
 frelie to leave the same with as good will as for their tyme they 
 have enjoyed th' use thereof. 1 
 
 32. Item, I ordeine, that the governours aforesaid shall have 
 in their handes an inventorie of all things that aperteine unto 
 
 1 In 1811, there was but one fixture in the house, a Stove, in 
 the only room then habitable.
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 605 
 
 the Schole, be they bookes or beddinge or other implementes, in 
 the Master or Ussher's house, or in the Schole, so that at the 
 departure they male be staled and reserved as aperteineth in that 
 behalf. 
 
 33. Item, for that digressinge in order of teachinge according 
 to the severall natures and disposicions of everie Schole-master 
 or Ussher male greately hinder the Schollers, and for that a con- 
 venient direccion therein of some ordinarie Bookes to be read 
 and some Exercises to be used maie greatly further the Schol- 
 lers ; therefore I ordeine, that the Schole shal be divided into a 
 convenient nombre of formes, some to be taught by the Master 
 and th' other by the Ussher, and as neare as shal be thoughte 
 conveniente by the Master for the time beinge ; the Bookes and 
 order of teachinge hereafter mentioned to be used, or suche other 
 as by common aucthoritie, or ells by the Fownder or Archbysshop 
 for the time being, shal be prescribed. 
 
 34. Of the Ussher's formes, the first shall learn the Accidence 
 to the rules of construccion, and be exercised in declyning of 
 nownes and verbes according to the form prescribed in the pre- 
 face to The Queenes Grammar : the second form shall learne 
 the rules of construccion, and therewith have Cato read unto 
 them, and be exercised in making of Latyne, and other lyke, by 
 discreacion ; the third form shal have read unto them such 
 Lattine Catachisme as shal be sett forth by publique aucthoritie, 
 and the Dialogs of Castilio, and be exercised in tourning of 
 Lattin into English and English into Lattin, and other lyke, by 
 discrecion. 
 
 35. The first form in the Master's charge shall have read unto 
 them Terrence, the Epistells of Tulley chosen by Sturing, and 
 Apthonii Progymnasmata, and be exercised in varying of Latine 
 and in practising th' exercises oiApthonius at tymes apointed, and 
 other lyke, by discreacion : the second forme shall have red to 
 them Salust, Tullis Offices, with the rules of versefienge, and 
 Virgill's Eglogs, or some chaste poet, and shall use th' exercises 
 of the first forme, with doing the same, and disputinge extempore, 
 and other lyke, by discreacion : the third forme shall have red 
 to them Tullies Orations, VirgiUs Eneidos, the Epistles of 
 Horace, and certen of his chaste Odes chosen, and have th' ex- 
 ercises of the second forme, with making of verses, and other 
 lyke, by discreacion. 
 
 36. Item, I ordeine, that as manie of the rules followinge 
 ghal be observed as by discreacion of the Master shal be from 
 tyme to tyme thought meete, or other lyk at his discreacion ; 
 that is to sale, everie lesson shal be said without booke and con- 
 strued into Englishe by everie Scholler reading that author : the
 
 606 KENT. [SANDWICH. 
 
 wordes shall first be Englished severallie as the Grammaticall con- 
 struction lieth, and afterwards the hole sentence or lesson rehersed 
 in English as it lieth together. In the parsing the teacher shall 
 not need more then to examyn which Scholler he will, at adven- 
 ture, upon which wordes he will in the lesson. The phrases, 
 synanomies, and elegances shal be chosen out and apointed to 
 the Schollers to write. Everie Mondaye the Ussher shal deliver 
 an Englishe of two lines to his second form, and of ten lines to 
 his third forme, to be translated into Lattin at their vacant times 
 against Thursdaye afternoone. The Master shal at and against 
 the same times deliver to his first form some Epystell which he 
 hath Englished out of Tulley ; to the second forme, some matter 
 translated out of Tulley, Cesar, or Lime- to the third forme, 
 some question wherof themselves shall write marte proprio. 
 Everie Thursdaye after dinner every Schollers doings to be read, 
 the faultes gently shewed, the translacion compared with the 
 originall, and then the Children dismissed to play at the discrea- 
 cion of the Master, not otherwies but as he findeth deserte. In 
 suche Thursdaies doinges, and all other exercises, promptinge 
 and helping one of another to be more punished then lack of 
 well doinge, with rodd, shame, restraint of plaie, or otherwyse. 
 Every Friday, n or Saturday, or one of them, shal be spent in re- 
 hersal of the learninge of that week neere spent. The Schollers 
 of the Master his forms, for furnishing of their declarations, 
 disputacions and other exercises, shal be called upon to have 
 and read in private studie Livie, all good histories, poetes, bookes 
 of common places, sentences, apothegmes, and such like ; and 
 accordinge to their well doinge to have the highest places with 
 other preferments and priviledges of favor, and in no case aney 
 respecte therein shall be had of birth, welth, parentes, or any 
 thing but of profyting in learning ; and at everie Christmas 
 time, if the Master doe think mete, to have one Comedie or 
 Tragedie of chaste matter in Latin to be played, the partes to be 
 divided to as many Schollars as maie be, and to be learned at 
 vacant times. And if the Master for the time shall not see good 
 to observe the form or course of teachinge the Bookes or Auc- 
 thors before mentioned, that neverthelesse he doe followe som 
 suche matter of the same as he shall think expedient. And in 
 mine opinion, during a Schollar's remayninge in the Grammar 
 
 m This is the present mode of Tuition, save that each Pupil is 
 made to parse. 
 
 n Friday is the repetition day ; and Saturday for the Catechism, 
 Grotius, and Greek Testament.
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 6or 
 
 Schole, he should learne but a fewe bookes in Lattin, and in Greek 
 correspondent to them, and not to be suffered to rove in many 
 authors, but that that fewe should be learned most perfectlie, and 
 then he male after with better judgement reade as many as 
 he lyste. 
 
 37- Item, besides these rules/ ordinances, and statutes by me 
 left in a table hanging in the said Schole, I ordeine, that there 
 shal be truely written word for word two copies of the same ordi- 
 nances, th' one to remaine in the handes of the governors afore- 
 said, and th' other in the handes of the Master of my Schole, or 
 at suche time as the Master his place is vacant to remaine in the 
 Ussher's handes, so that they in each parte maie remember what 
 aperteineth to their offices, chardge and dewties ; and also at 
 the admission of any Master and Ussher, they shall promise be- 
 fore honest witnes for to keep and see executed all such points 
 as concern them, and their Schollers, to the uttermost of their 
 power during all the time that they remaine in that office. 
 
 38. Item, that both the Master and Ussher shall endeavour 
 themselves to the contynuall profytinge of all the Schollers of 
 the said Grammar Schole, and of their partes faithfully observe 
 and keepe all the pointes and articles within the foresaid orders 
 conteyned, as by the same orders thereof made more plainly 
 doth and maie appeare. 
 
 89. And finally, if the said Master and Ussher shall manifestly 
 and wilfully neglecte or breake any of the said orders, being 
 thereof twice solemnly admonished by the Governours aforesaid, 
 and notwithstandinge continewe the breache thereof, that then 
 it shal be lawful to the same Maior and moste parte of the 
 Juratts, governours aforesaid, first having the assent of the 
 Fownder whiles he liveth, to expell and putt oute the partie so 
 offendinge and to place another hable man in his roome or 
 office. 
 
 40. Provided allwaies, that, during the life of the Fownder it 
 shal be lawfull for him to add or alter everie or any of the rules 
 and ordinances before mencioned, or hereafter to be mencioned, 
 touching or concerning the said Schole and other the premisses 
 or any parte thereof. And if any ambiguitie shall hereafter arise 
 for the trewe understandinge of any rule or ordinance touching 
 the Schole, the interpretacion and construction thereof is to the 
 Fownder during his life, and, after his death, to the Archbisshop 
 of Canterburie for the time being, ordinarie of the place." 
 
 This is the present usage. 
 
 The Statutes are lost with the Register.
 
 608 KENT. [SANDWICH. 
 
 THE SEAL of the Governors, which is of Silver, is kept 
 with the Corporation Seals, and is lodged in a shallow cell 
 cut in a small round piece of oak, at the back of which is 
 marked with a pen, 1st March, 1566. 
 
 On the 30th of July, 1568, ROGER MANWOOD, Serjeant 
 at Law, and RICHARD HEYWOOD, Esq., executors of the 
 Will of JOANE TRAPPS, late of London, Widow, deceased, 
 in part of accomplishment of the said Will, do bargain, sell, 
 &c., to the Rector and Fellows of the College of The Blessed 
 Mary and All Saints Lincoln, in The University of Oxford, 
 Fifty-two acres of land, in the Parish of Whitstdble in Kent, 
 towards the finding of Four Scholars, for ever, in the said 
 College : of which, two to be placed and nominated by the 
 said Rector arid Fellows from any part of the kingdom ; 
 and two by The Governors of the Free Grammar School in 
 Sandwich, out of the said Grammar School, alternis vicibus ; 
 first, one by The Rector and Fellows ; and after, one other 
 by the said Governors ; and so, by like turn and course of 
 election and nomination, for ever. These lands, the said 
 Roger covenants, shall yield to the said Rector and Fellows 
 a clear yearly rent of H..6..8. ; of which sum, the Rector 
 and Fellows covenant to pay yearly to the said Four Scho- 
 lars, 10..13..4; that is to say, 2..13..4 each, half yearly, 
 towards the Exhibition and charges of finding of the said 
 Scholars ; which Four Scholars shall be called, " The Scho- 
 lars of ROBERT TRAPPS, of London, Goldsmith, and of 
 JOANE his Wife." The Rector and Fellows to give notice 
 to the School-master,, at the School-house in Sandwich, 
 within Twenty days, of every vacancy ; and, upon failure 
 of the Governors' nomination in turn within Twenty days 
 after such notice, the vacancy to be filled up by the Rector 
 and Fellows. The remaining 13*. 4d. to go to the use of 
 the said Rector and Fellows. And the Governors of the 
 School covenant that, after the death of the said Roger, upon 
 every avoidance of the School-master's place, they will
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 09 
 
 within Twenty days give notice to the said Rector and Fel- 
 lows at the College House: and if, within Twenty days 
 next after such notice, the said Rector and Fellows in writ- 
 ing under their Common Seal, to the Mayor of Sandwich, 
 or to the Usher at the School-house shall deliver the names 
 of two persons, Fellows of the said College, duly qualified, 
 they the said Governors will make choice of one of them 
 within Twenty days ; or, in default thereof, the nomination 
 of such Master to be in the Archbishop of Canterbury, the 
 See being full, and he within the Realm ; or else, the See 
 being void, or he being out of the Realm, in The Dean of 
 Canterbury for the time being. 
 
 On the 10th of September, 1570, Serjeant MANWOOD 
 conveyed to The Governors of the School, the Salts opposite 
 thereto; and The Mayor and Jurats obtained possession of 
 the same, by livery of seisin, in the month of March follow- 
 ing. 
 
 Thomas Manwood, by his Will, dated the 2d of October, 
 1570, directs his brothers Roger and John, or the Survivor, 
 within two years after his decease, to convey to the Govern- 
 ors of his brother Roger's Free Grammar School in Sand- 
 wich, as much of his lands and tenements as shall amount 
 to the clear yearly rent of Ten pounds, to and for the better 
 maintenance and sustentation of the same School ; that is to 
 say, for an Usher, when cause shall require ; or, for other 
 necessary matters of maintenance of the said School, in such 
 form, as during the life of the Founder shall be thought 
 meet to him ; and, after his death, as shall be thought meet 
 to the Governors. Under this Will, Roger Manwood, the 
 surviving executor, by an instrument in his own hand- 
 writing, dated the 30th of September 1572, conveyed to the 
 said governors a corner messuage, sometime a Store housed 
 
 i These messuages being in a ruinous state, were sold or con- 
 veyed by the Trustees in consideration of the sum of 100. 
 VOL. i. R r
 
 610 KENT. [SANDWICH. 
 
 near over-against GILES KEY and JESUS KEY, in St. Mary's 
 Sandwich^ of the rent of Five Pounds ; and another mes- 
 suage^ near to the said corner messuage, in the said Parish, 
 of the yearly rent qf2..6..8 ; and a tenement, and certain 
 ground called The Pound Garden, at or near The Water- 
 lock in Sandwich, of the rent of Forty shillings : r and a 
 parcel of ground and a yard, at or near The Butchery in 
 Sandwich, of the rent of Sixteen Shillings ; the whole toge- 
 ther being of the clear yearly value of Ten Pounds, accord- 
 ing to the intent and meaning of the said Will. 
 
 By Indenture tripartite, dated the 30th of January, 1581, 
 between Sir Roger Manwood, Knight, Lord Chief Baron of 
 the Exchequer, The Master or Gustos and Fellows of The 
 College of Gonvyle and Caius founded in Honour of The 
 Annunciation of The Blessed Virgin Mary in The Univer- 
 sity of Cambridge, and The Governors of The Free Grammar 
 School of Roger Manwood in Sandwich, the said Sir Roger, 
 as surviving executor of the Will of JOAN TRAPPS, Widow, 
 by bargain and sale, conveys to the said Master and Fellows 
 a messuage, or Farm-House, called Bodkins, in Swalecliff, 
 near Whitstable in Kent, together -with Fifty-seven acres 
 and three roods of land in the Parishes of Swalecliff, Whit- 
 stable, and Hackington, in Kent ; and Sir Roger covenants, 
 that the premises are of the clear yearly value of ll..6..8 
 In consideration of which, the Master and Fellows covenant 
 to pay annually to Four Fellows of their College 10.. 13..4., 
 four marcs to each. The said Scholars to be nominated by 
 Sir Roger during his life, and afterwards by the Governors 
 of the said Free School, and by the said Master and Fellows, 
 
 Stock, vested in the 3 per Cents., the interest of which, .3., is 
 annually paid to the Master. 
 
 r There is no tenement in Pound Garden, but the rent of it is 
 annually paid to the Master.
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 611 
 
 alternately* Notice of avoidance to be given, in writing, by 
 ifte Master and Fellows to Sir Roger, or the Governors, 
 within Fifteen days ; such notice to be left with the Master 
 or Usher of Powle's (St. Paul's) School, for the time being ; 
 and upon failure of nomination within one month, then the 
 vacancy to be supplied by the said Master and Fellows. 
 The Scholars to be called, " The Scholars of ROBERT 
 TKAPPS, of London, Goldsmith, and JOANE his Wife." In 
 default of notice as above stated, then the Master and Fellows 
 to forfeit to Sir Roger, or the Governors, four marcs, 
 'nomine poence, and for every day, after the said Fifteen 
 days, Twelve pence. The remaining \5s-Ad. to go to the 
 said Master and Fellows, for the use of the said College. 
 
 Sir Roger, during his life, took the rents of the estates, 
 which he had enfeofied to the Governors of his School, 
 paying the Master's Salary regularly to his death, which 
 happened in the year 1592. After which, Sir Peter Man- 
 wood, Knight, Heir and Executor of Sir Roger, received 
 the rents, and paid the Salary of the Master, until a few 
 years before he died. 
 
 But, Sir John Manwood, Knight, his son and heir, or 
 others claiming under him, took the issues of the said estates 
 to their own use, without making any payment to the Master. 
 Upon which, the Governors of the School, in 1633, sued out 
 a Commission upon the Statute for Charitable uses ; which 
 came out on the 14th of May, in that year; and an Inqui- 
 sition was taken, and a Return made, by Sir Edward Boys, 
 Launcelot Lovelace, Edward Hadde, Thomas Denne, Wil- 
 liam Watmer, and Edmund Parbo, Esqrs.; who, in March, 
 
 8 As the Register is missing, it cannot be stated whether the 
 Master and Fellows of GonviUe and Caius College have paid the 
 rents to Fellows or Scholars nominated to them from the Foun- 
 dation of Sir ROGER MANWOOD in Sandwich ; but, it is sup- 
 posed, that they cannot refuse to receive such Scholars, when 
 duly nominated.
 
 612 KENT. [SANDWICH. 
 
 1634, decreed and ordered, that the Governors should enter 
 into the several Estates, and take the rents, and Iwld and 
 enjoy the same for ever, according to the purport and intent 
 of the deed offeoffment and grant made by Roger Manwood, 
 Esq., to tJte Mayor and Jurats ; arid that the said Mayor 
 and Jurats should pay to the School-master all arrears of 
 Salary, and Forty pounds for damages. Whereupon a writ 
 of execution followed, dated the 6th of May, 1634. But, 
 Sir John Man wood and Lady Frances Manwood, Widow, 
 put exceptions into the Court of Chancery against the decree 
 of the Commissioners ; upon these grounds, principally, that 
 Sir Roger Manwood intended to the School only Twenty 
 Pounds a year for the School-master ; and that, before the 
 making of the feoffment to the Mayor and Jurats, he did 
 make a lease of the lands, mentioned therein, for the term of 
 500 years to Edward Peke and William Claybroke ; reserv- 
 ing only the yearly rent of Twenty pounds, to be paid to the 
 said Mayor and Jurats and their Successors, for the main- 
 tenance of the said Master : which lease was afterwards, viz., 
 on the 10th of January, 1571, lawfully assigned back again 
 to the said Roger Manwood, his executors and assigns ; who, 
 by his Will, disposed of all his leases in Kent to his heirs 
 for the time being, who should have his house at St. Stephen's. 
 In June, 1635, the matter was argued before the Lord 
 Keeper, who confirmed the decree of the Commissioners, as 
 to the arrears of the Stipend, and the Forty pounds damages; 
 and, in favour to Sir John Manwood, he directed that the 
 same should be paid by Sir John Manwood to the Mayor 
 and Jurats of Sandwich, on behalf of the Master, by Thirty 
 pounds per annum, over and above the said Twenty pounds 
 per annum; 1 but the other part of the Commissioners' 
 
 1 This is not now done. The final legal decision appears to 
 have been, that the heirs of MANWOOD or the Holders of the 
 Estate resident at St. Stephens near Canterbury, should annually
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 613 
 
 decree, respecting the possession of the Ninety acres in 
 Hackington and Ncrrtligate, was reversed ; and it was de- 
 creed, that Sir John Manwood should hold the lands 
 according to the said lease. 
 
 The Salary of 20. has been paid with tolerable regula- 
 rity, ever since, by the proprietors of the estate ; which has 
 passed from the Manwoods to the Colepeppers, and from 
 thence to the Hales, and is now in the possession of Sir 
 Edward Hales, Bart., of St. Stephen's. 
 
 Edmund Parbo, Esq., by his Will, dated the 26th of 
 October, 1640, besides many other legacies to the Parishes 
 in Sandwich, bequeathed to The Mayor and Jurats of Sand- 
 wich, Governors of The Grammar School, an annuity of 
 Ten Pounds out of his messuage or inn, called Tlie Pelican, 
 in Sandwich. But, it does not appear, that the School was 
 ever benefited by this bequest, nor how it happened, that it 
 was not so. There is reason to think, that a Suit was insti- 
 tuted, after the death of Mr. Faroe's widow, by The Mayor 
 and Jurats against the heirs of Mr. Parbo, for the recovery 
 of this benefaction, in The Court of Chancery at Dover ; 
 Avhere the proceedings or issue may probably be ascertained. 
 
 In the hands of The Mayor and Jurats is a deed, bearing 
 date the 5th of January, 1685, which declares the uses of a 
 Fine, levied of a piece of ground divided into two parts, 
 whereon are erected two stables, one kitchen and one cove, 
 situate in St. Mary's Parish Sandwich, abutting to a tene- 
 ment belonging to the Free Grammar School and Black 
 Lane, West ; to Strand Street, North ; to the messuage and 
 malt-house of the heirs of John Does, East and South; 
 purchased by The Mayor and Jurats of William EDwood, 
 late of Sandwich, Gentleman, deceased, and PhineasEllwood. 
 
 pay to the Mayor and Jurats of Sandwich 30., above the rent- 
 charge of 2O., that is, 50. for the use of the Master. Thin 
 seems to be intended only until the arrears are discharged.
 
 614 KENT. [SANDWICH. 
 
 of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Doctor in Physick, to 
 the use of the said Mayor and Jurats, and their Successors, 
 in Trust, for the sole use and benefit of the Scho '1-master of 
 the said School for the time being : u And the premises were 
 soon after conveyed to the said Mayor and Jurats by 
 William and Phineas Ellwood, sons, and co-heirs in gavel- 
 kind, of Phineas Ellwood of Sandwich, Gentleman, by an 
 instrument dated the 3d day of July, 1685. 
 
 In 1684, Mr. Richard Culmer, then Master of The Free 
 School, complained to The Commissioners for Charitable 
 uses, that " the Mayor and Jurats of Sandwich detained 
 from him a piece of land, lying over against the Free 
 School; and that divers of the houses belonging to the 
 School are out of repair ; and that the Defendants ought to 
 repair the same, which they refuse." At the same time, it 
 was alleged to The Commissioners, that a person of the 
 name of TJiompson had bequeathed his two new houses in 
 Thompson's Street to The Free School. 
 
 But, it appeared to the Commissioners, that the School 
 had never been in possession ; that the houses, supposed to 
 have been given, were quite down ; and that there was at 
 that time no such Street, as Thompson's Street. 
 
 To this account, taken from TANNER'S manuscripts, the 
 following extraordinary remark is subjoined : That, " both 
 in Sandwich, and in Faversham, they acquaint us, that there 
 have been former Commissions, but without fruit ; for, that 
 no one dares urge the execution of the orders, by reason of 
 their Bye-laws in The Cinque Ports." From whence it 
 appears, that nothing came of the inquiry. 
 
 u No payment is now made to the Master for this estate. 
 
 w In the present improved mode of administering the Laws 
 of the Realm, it cannot be apprehended that any obstacle to 
 right and justice can arise from such Bye-laws. But these suits 
 being then carried on at Dover,, and not in the Courts in London 
 and Westminster, power was then given to the operation of
 
 SANDWICH.] KENT. 615 
 
 In 1678, Mr. Culmer, under some pretence, made a 
 forcible entry into The Free School ; and, although consi- 
 derable efforts seem to have been made by The Corporation 
 to dispossess him, he nevertheless continued to be the Master 
 of it until his death From the name and turbulence of his 
 behaviour, it is conjectured that he was the famous " Blue 
 Dick" who worked so hard in destroying the " great 
 idolatrous window " in Canterbury Cathedral ; and gave a 
 narrative of his proceedings there, intituled, " Cathedrall 
 newes from Canterbury, Ito. London, 1644.'' In which he 
 stiles himself, a Minister of God's Word and a Master of Arts. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM 
 WODSWORTH, M. A., Rector of St. Peter Sandwich, whose 
 number of Private Pupils is limited, and has varied from 
 FIVE to EIGHT. They are taught the Latin and ETON 
 Greek Grammars, CLARKE'S Introduction, SELECTEE, PH/E- 
 DRUS, OVID, VIRGIL, HORACE, JUVENAL, CICERO de Officiis 
 et Orationes, Speeches from LIVY, GROTIUS, NEILSON'S 
 Greek Exercises, the Greek Testament, HOMER, XENOPHON, 
 DEMOSTHENES et JESCHINES Trspt oTffavs, and Two Plays 
 from SOPHOCLES. The Cambridge Course of Mathematics. 
 Antient and Modern History and Geography, French, Sic., 
 at a moderate annual charge, which varies according to the 
 age of the Pupil at the time of his admission. 
 
 JOHN DENNE, D. D., an eminent Divine and Antiquary, 
 received part of his Education at this School. 
 
 Bye-laws which would now, it is imagined, be but a frivolous 
 plea against the Equity and Justice of a Case. The Sandwich 
 Charter has been acted upon but partially, and it gives the Cor- 
 poration power to " make Bye-laws for the regulation of their 
 own Body, provided they do not militate against the Laws of the 
 Realm." It is not known, that the Governors or Trustees are 
 chargeable with neglect in not recovering the aforesaid '50. a 
 year from the possessor of the Manwood estate: but it is 
 thought, that no Bye-laws could exclude the Masters from that 
 sum, provided it be their right.
 
 616 KENT. 
 
 SEVEN-OAKS. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at SEVEN-OAKS was found- 
 ed by Sir WILLIAM SEVENOKE, Knight, Citizen and Gro- 
 cer, and Lord Mayor of London in the Sixth year of the 
 reign of King HENRY the Fifth, 1418, at which time, 
 calling to remembrance the goodness of Almighty God, and 
 the favour of his Patron Sjr WILLIAM RUMPSTED* and 
 the Inhabitants of Seven-Oaks, which had been so charitab- 
 ly extended towards him in his infancy, he determined to 
 leave behind him a lasting Memorial of his gratitude ; 
 Whereupon, at his own cost and charge he founded an 
 HOSPITAL for TWENTY poor people, and a FREE SCHOOL, 
 for the education of Youth, within this Town; endow- 
 ing them both with a proper and sufficient maintenance. 
 
 To effect which, by his Will, dated the 4th of July, 
 1432, he devised all his lands and tenementes, with other 
 appurtenances which he lately had by feoffment from MAR- 
 GARET WALTON in Petty Wales Street in the Parish of All 
 Saints, Barking, in London, to the Rector, Vicar, Church- 
 wardens, and other Parishioners of the Town of Seven- 
 Oaks, for ever, upon Trust, That they, out of the rents 
 and profits of them, should find and maintain for ever, one 
 Master, well skilled in Grammar, and a Bachelor of Arts, 
 who should keep a GRAMMAR SCHOOL in some convenient 
 house within the said Town, to be purchased with his goods, 
 at the discretion of his Executors, And to TWENTY Poor 
 
 * Mr. HASTED says, the tradition is, that he was found when 
 an Infant in a hollow Oak here, by Sir WILLIAM RUMPSTED, 
 who took compassion upon him and educated him.
 
 SEVEN-OAKS ] KENT. 617 
 
 MEN or WOMEN, houses and 10*. a year each, to he received 
 out of a good conscience, without any favour, according to 
 the good discretions of the Rector or Vicar and Church-war- 
 dens, and of the Parishioners, as they will answer before 
 THE HIGHEST JUDGE in the last Day. 
 
 In the second year of Queen ELIZABETH, 1560, through 
 the care of Sir RALPH BOSVILLE, Knight, and several of 
 the Inhabitants, the yearly Stipends were not only much 
 increased, but their former litigated possessions were settled 
 and quietly established; The Queen's Letters Patents? 
 dated the 1st of July in that year, having been procured, 
 which directed, that there should be for ever in the Town 
 of Seven-Oaks a Free Grammar School, called " THE 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL of Queen ELIZABETH," for the educa- 
 tion, institution, and instruction, of Children and Youth in 
 Grammar and other Learning. And that in the Parish of 
 Seven-Oaks there should be an Incorporation, to consist of 
 the Two WARDENS of the said Parish and of the Free 
 School, and of FOUR ASSISTANTS, Inhabitants of the said 
 Town and Parish, by the name of THE WARDENS and 
 FOUR ASSISTANTS of THE TOWN and PARISH of SEVEN- 
 OAKS, and of THE FREE SCHOOL of Queen ELIZABETH in 
 Seven-Oaks." 
 
 JOHN POTKINE, D. D., " sometyme Scholar" in this 
 School, by his Will dated the 8th of April, 1543, gave 9. 
 per annum to the School, payable out of his capital house, 
 called " The Sterre> in Bredstreate," in London. 
 
 ANTHONY POPE, Gentleman, by his Will dated the 19th 
 of December, 157l> gave a tenement " in Petty Wales 
 within the Cittie of London,"" towards the " meyntenance of 
 God's glory, and the eruditione and bringinge up of the 
 Pore Scollers of Sevenoke in vertuouse disciplyne, godly 
 learninge, and good and civill manners." 
 
 JOHN PETT, Gentleman, by deed dated the 16th of 
 September, 1589, gave an annuity of 5. to be issuing out
 
 618 KENT [SEVEN-OAKS. 
 
 of his lands and tenements, called " Ryver Hill" to the 
 use of the Poor in the Almshouses at Seven-Oaks. 
 
 All which benefactions were confirmed by an Act passed 
 in the 39th of Queen ELIZABETH, 1597. 
 
 On the 4th of March, 1612, a Decree in Chancery was 
 obtained against JOHN PORTER, Citizen and Fishmonger 
 of London, probably son and heir of one of the same 
 name, for the confirmation of a Rent-charge of 1 2. per 
 annum, issuing out of his lands and tenements, called 
 " Elsys* &c., granted by JOHN PORTER to the School. 
 
 In the eighth of King GEORGE the First, 1722, the Lea- 
 ses of the Warehouses which had been erected on part of 
 the lands, called ' c Wo<,l Key? in the Parish of All Saints, 
 Barking, devised for these Charitable purposes, being ex- 
 pired, and THE SCHOOL and ALMS-HOUSES being much 
 out of repair ; and it being thought, that it would prove 
 of great advantage to the Charity, if The Wardens and 
 Assistants were enabled to raise by the disposal of those 
 Premises a competent sum of money, to be employed in 
 re-building, repairing, furnishing, and fitting up The Free 
 School and Aims-Houses, and in enlarging them, and for 
 other Charitable uses, appointed by The Founder's will ; 
 and likewise to obtain a settled Revenue, for the support 
 and maintenance of the said Charities in future, on a propo- 
 sal made to The Wardens and Assistants for the purchase 
 of them for the use of Government, an Act passed, 
 to vest the Fee of the above-mentioned Wharf, Quay, and 
 Premises, in Trustees, for the use of the King, his Heirs 
 and Successors, for the use of the Crown, as lying conti- 
 guous to the Royal Custom-House, that they might be fit- 
 ted up for Wharehouses, Offices, or other conveniences 
 for Merchants, or the Commissioners and Officers of the 
 Customs ; and the King to promote this so useful and 
 beneficial a Charity having agreed that 2500. should be 
 paid to the Wardens and Assistants towards the re-build-
 
 SEVEN-OAKS.] KENT 619 
 
 ing the School, Aims-House, &c., that sum was confirmed 
 to them by the Act then passed. And the said Wharf 
 Quay, and other Premises were made subject by the same 
 Act to a yearly Rent of 550. to be paid for the future 
 to the said Wardens and Assistants, and their Successors, 
 for ever, for the perpetual support and maintenance of the 
 Charitable uses, by The Founder, and other Benefactors, in 
 all times to come. 
 
 In pursuance of which the present School-house was 
 erected upon the old Foundation, in 1727 ; and the 
 Hospital, or Aims-House, was completely repaired and fitted 
 up. 
 
 The following are the STATUTES and ORDINANCES 
 which were made by THE PARSON, VICAR, WARDENS, and 
 FOUR ASSISTANTS, for the government of the School, and 
 confirmed by THE ARCHBISHOP of CANTERBURY on the 23d 
 of March, 1574: 
 
 " The said Parson, Vicar, Two Churchwardens and Parish- 
 ioners dwelling in Seven- oaks, and their Successors for the 
 time being for ever, to choose, provide, and ordain one honest 
 and mete man, sufficiently learned and expert in Grainmer, 
 not being in Holy Orders, to dwell and teach (Trammer in the 
 messuage late the said WILLIAM SEVENOAKS, in the said Town. 
 To have yearly holden and paid to him by the Parson, Vicar, 
 and Churchwardens and their Successors, of the profits of cer- 
 tain lands and tenements, with a Wharf adjoining, and other 
 buildings and their appurtenances, in the Street of Petty Wales, 
 in the Parish of All Saints, Barking Church, nigh the Tower of 
 London, five marks of lawful English money in part and help 
 of his sustenance. With this, that he the said Master for the 
 tune being, shall teach and inform in Grammer, whatsoever 
 poor Children destitute of help, coming thither for Learning for 
 God's cause, freely, without any thing taking of the said poor 
 Children, their Parents or Friends for their teaching, but the 
 said five marks. 
 
 " The said Parson, Vicar, Wardens, and Parishioners, and 
 their Successors for the time being, shall chuse, provide, and 
 ordain for ever, Twenty, or Thirteen at the least, poorest people, 
 men and women of the said Parish of Sevenoaks, to dwell in the 
 Cottages which one STEPHEN BROWN and others, Feoffees for
 
 620 KENT. [SEVEN-OAKS. 
 
 Mr. SEVEN-OAKS, did give to the same use. Every one of the 
 said Thirteen to have yearly paid, at four principall feasts or 
 usual terms in the year, viz., at Christmas, Easter, St. John 
 Baptist, and St. Michael the Archangel, lOs. of lawful English 
 money by the Two Wardens, according to the same intent. 
 
 " The same Wardens for the time being, shall, by the over- 
 sight of the Parson, Vicar, and Four good and honest Parish- 
 ioners for the time being, gather and yearly receive all manner 
 of rents, issues and emoluments of the said lands and tenements 
 in Petty Wales, whatsoever now or hereafter shall risej and 
 shall do reparations, as well of the said lands and tenements in 
 London, as of the messuage and cottages for the dwelling of 
 the Grammer Schoolmaster and Poor People. And they the 
 said Wardens shall yield and make a just and true account of 
 the rents, issues, and profits by them received, and of the repa- 
 tions by them done, yearly before the Parson, Vicar, and Four 
 honest Parishioners for the time being. And the said Parson, 
 Vicar, and Two Wardens for the time being, to have yearly out 
 of the same profits 3s. Ad. apiece, for their survey, diligence and 
 labour taken in that behalf. And the rest that shall remain of 
 the profits of Mr. SEVENOAKS and Mr. BURTON'S devise above 
 the said payment, reparations and charges in the same, to be 
 kept in the Chest under divers locks and keys for that purpose 
 provided : to sustain all such charges, if that fortune or chance 
 the said lands and tenements in London to come to any sudden 
 decay (as God forbid) or be void of Tenants, these articles to be 
 executed with diligence (except cause reasonable) the profits of 
 the said lands shall not in any wise be employed to any other 
 use. 
 
 " The said Two W T ardens from tune to time for ever, shall 
 receive out of the profits of The Star, in Breadstreet, in London 
 9. ; and pay the same to the Schoolmaster of Sevenoaks for 
 the time being, as is appointed by the last Will of the said 
 JOHN POTKYN, yearly for ever. Who by the same Will hath de- 
 sired and requested that order should be lymitted for the rule of 
 the same School, and to be looked unto, being careful lest the said 
 ScJiool should utterly decay, and remembered it was not incor- 
 porated. 
 
 " Item, that from henceforth upon departing of any School- 
 master, there shall be no agreement or pension paid to the 
 Schoolmaster departing. Nevertheless no Schoolmaster shall 
 be removed from the said School without urgent cause proved 
 and allowed by the said Parson, Vicar, Wardens, and Assist- 
 ants, or most part of them. And if the said Parson, Vicar, 
 Wardens and Assistants, or most part of them, do find cause of
 
 SF.VEN-OAKS.] KENT. 621 
 
 misliking in the said Schoolmaster, then he upon Six months 
 warning given by them, or the most part of them, shall quietly 
 depart. And if the said Schoolmaster be minded not to continue 
 in the same School, he shall give the like warning of Six months 
 to the said Parson, Vicar, Wardens, and Assistants, or to the 
 most part of them. And that the said School be ordered as the 
 School of SAINT PAUL'S in London, for their teaching. 
 
 " Item, the Schoolmaster shall not absent himself but upon 
 licence of the Parson, Vicar, Wardens, and Assistants, or the 
 most part of them. And with their licence not above 30 days in 
 the year, which he shall take commutim or divisim. 
 
 " Item, if the Schoolmaster be sick of a curable disease, he 
 shall nevertheless have his wages, somewhat considering the 
 Usher for his pains. 
 
 " Item, the Schoolmaster shall prefer, as often as the room 
 shall be void, an Usher which shall teach under him, according 
 as the Master shall appoint him ; which Usher shall also be 
 allowed of by the said Parson, Vicar, Wardens, and Assistants, 
 or the most part of them. 
 
 ' Item, the said Schoolmaster in no wise shall give licence or 
 remedy to his Scholars in the Week days, except it be at the spe- 
 cial instance of some Honorable or Worshipful person j or of 
 any of the honest persons of the aforesaid Parish of Sevenoaks, 
 or other cause reasonable. 
 
 " Item, the said Usher shall not absent himself, without 
 licence first had of the Schoolmaster, Parson, Vicar, Wardens, 
 and Assistants, or the most part of them ; and having licence, 
 not to be above 30 days, provided that they both at one time be 
 not absent. 
 
 " Item, if the Usher be in literature and honest life accord- 
 ing, the High Master his rome being void, to be chosen Master 
 of the School before any other. 
 
 " Item, the said Usher shall have of every Scholar coming to 
 the same School, at his entrance Id: Sterling ; and every quar- 
 ter of every Scholar Id., during their continuance in the same 
 School, towards his entertainment. And the said Usher there- 
 fore at his charges, shall cause the School to be swept, and 
 made clean once every week. 
 
 Item, from the Annunciation of Our Lady untill Michaelmas, 
 the Scholars shall be at the School by Six of the Clock in the 
 Morning, and remain there until Eleven of the Clock in the same 
 day ; and shall be at the School by One of the Clock in the 
 afternoon, and remain there untill Sir of the Clock in the same 
 afternoon. And from Michaelmas untill the Annunciation, the 
 Scholars shall come at 7 o' Clock, and tarry until 11 ; and in the 
 afternoon come at one, and depart at five : unless the Scholar
 
 KENT. [SEVEN-OAKS. 
 
 have cause reasonable approved, or licence given by the said 
 Schoolmaster, or in his absence by the Usher : and the Scholar 
 offending herein to be corrected by the said Master, and in his 
 absence by the Usher, but not rigorously. 
 
 (( Item, The Scholars of the same School shall daily, at their 
 coming to School in the Morning and at their departure at 
 night, and at such time as they go to play, say such Prayers as 
 shall be appointed by The Lord Archbishop of CANTERBURY'S 
 Grace, written in a table, and kept in the School for the same 
 purpose. And every Friday morning throughout the year, go 
 orderly to the Parish Church of Sevenoaks aforesaid, and there 
 hear the Procession said or sung : and the same being heard, 
 shall pray for the good estate of the said Lord Archbishop of 
 CANTERBURY for the time being ; and give God thanks, for 
 the benefits bestowed upon them by their benefactors, in such 
 manner and sort as shall be prescribed in the said Table. 
 
 " Nevertheless, The said Parson, Vicar, Wardens, and Assist- 
 ants, by the authority granted unto Us by the said Corporation, 
 do make, constitute, and ordain this Statute and Ordinance, that 
 nothing in any of the premises shall be prejudicial or hurtfull to 
 RALPH BOSVILLE, Esq., one of the same Assistants, or to his 
 Heirs, for any thing granted by the said Corporation to him or 
 them." 
 
 Lady MARGARET BOSWELL, relict of Sir WILLIAM BOS- 
 WELL, before her death, which happened in 1692, settled a 
 Farm, called " Halywdl?* in the Parish of Burnham in 
 Essex, upon certain Trustees, and their Heirs, for ever, to 
 pay and dispose of the rents and profits to the founding and 
 endowment of Two SCHOLARSHIPS in JESUS COLLEGE, Cam- 
 bridge, of 12. per annum each ; The Scholars to be called 
 u Sir WILLIAM BOSWELL'S Scholars," and to be chosen out 
 of the School at Seven-Oaks ; but if none are qualified 
 there, then to be chosen out of TUNBKIDGE School ; and 
 upon every vacancy, 3. each to be allowed to Two of the 
 
 * Mr. MORANT in his History of Essex says, there is in Burn- 
 ham a Manor, called " Warner's alias Holywell" which belongs 
 to Earl TILNEY. The Court is called under a Tree. It was 
 styled Hallywell Marsh and Twyselworth Marsh, and was 
 granted to Sir RICHARD RICHE, in 1539, being 600 acres. A 
 Farm of 90. a year belongs to a Free School in Kent.
 
 SEVEN-OAKS.] KENT. 623 
 
 Fellows of JESUS COLLEGE, to come over to prove the capa- 
 cities of the Scholars. 
 
 This benevolent Lady also left 12. per annum to a 
 School-master to instruct 1 5 poor Children born here, in the 
 Catechism of the Church of England, and to write and cast 
 accompts, -and .18. per annum more to be kept in Stock, 
 to place them when so taught, to handicraft trades. 
 
 There are also Six EXHIBITIONS belonging to this School, 
 Four of which are of 15. a year, and are not confined to 
 any College, or either University. 
 
 Mr. HASTED in his History of Kent which was published 
 in 1778, after giving an account of the Foundation of this 
 School, observes, the School is now in a flourishing condi- 
 tion, under the care of The Revd. HENRY WHITFIELD, 
 M. A., late of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. And he adds in 
 a note, the Master has the allotment of a good School-room 
 in a large commodious house, with a good garden, and an 
 allowance of 50. per annum usually paid to him, and his 
 Assistant. 
 
 The Author not having been favoured with any answer 
 from the present Master of this School, to the written appli- 
 cation respectfully made to him, can only add from report, 
 " that for some time past there has not been any fret Scholar 
 in this School . r
 
 624 KENT. [SUTTON VALENCE. 
 
 SUTTON VALENCE, near MAIDSTONE. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at SUTTON VALENCE was 
 founded in the year 1578, by WILLIAM LAMBE, Gentleman 
 of the Chapel of King HENRY the Eighth, a great Favourite 
 of that Monarch, and a Member of The Company of Cloth- 
 workers in London; who, among many other extensive 
 Charities, out of his great love for Learning, and for the 
 place where he was born, erected the School at his own pro- 
 per costs, for the education of youth, and endowed it with 
 an annual Stipend of 20. for a Master, together with a 
 good house and garden, and 8. a year for an Usher. 
 
 An additional Endowment of 10- per annnm for the 
 Master, and of 2. for the Usher, was afterwards made by 
 The Cloth-workers 1 Company, who are the Patrons of the 
 School. 
 
 In 1713, Mr GEORGE MAPLESDEN left by his Will, 5. 
 per annum for an English UsTter, to be appointed by the 
 Master of the School. 
 
 The School is open to THIRTY boys of the Parishes of 
 Sutton Valence, Chart, East Sutton, Leeds, and Langley, 
 all in the County of Kent, from the age of seven to fourteen. 
 They are admitted by the Master on any person's applica- 
 tion. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the education is ac- 
 cording to the desire of the several Parents. 
 
 There are Two EXHIBITIONS of lQ.per annum each, at 
 St. John's College, Cambridge, founded by The Revd. J i 
 ROBINS, B. D., for the benefit of poor boys of the name of 
 ROBINS, or, in default of such, for poor boys of the Parishes 
 from which they are admitted, or, in default of such, for 
 poor Kentish boys. They have seldom been claimed. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. BUCKLAND.
 
 TENTERDEN.] KENT. 625 
 
 TENTERDEN. 
 
 THE FEKE SCHOOL in TENTERDEN was founded many years 
 since by an Ancestor of the family of HEYMAN, of Somer- 
 Jield, in the County of Kent, for the teaching the Latin 
 tongue gratis, to so many poor Children of this Parish as 
 The Mayor and Jurats should think proper, who are TRUS- 
 TEES of it, and appoint the Master. 
 
 About the year 1521, WILLIAM MARSHALL, Clerk, gave 
 10. per annum to be paid to the Master of this School, out 
 of a messuage and twelve acres of land in this parish, now 
 belonging to Sir EDWARD HALES, Bart., which was con- 
 firmed by a Decree in the Exchequer, in Michaelmas Term, 
 1706, and then in the occupation of THOMAS SCOONE. 
 
 In 1702, JOHN MANTELL, Gentleman, gave 200. which 
 were laid out in the purchase of a piece of fresh Marsh 
 land, containing ten acres, in St. Mariet, the rent thereof 
 to be paid to the Master. 
 
 The South Chancel of the Church is appropriated to the 
 use of this School. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter. 
 
 VOL, I.
 
 6<26 KENT. 
 
 TUNBRIDGE. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in TUNBRIDGE, which stands 
 at the North end of the Town, is of the Foundation of Sir 
 ANDREW JUDDE, Knight, a native of this Place, Citizen 
 and Skinner of London, and Lord Mayor in the Fifth of 
 King EDWARD the Sixth, 1552. 
 
 He erected the School-house with some other buildings 
 belonging to it, and intended to endow it with a competent 
 maintenance ; for which purpose he purchased lands in the 
 Parishes of St. Pancras, Allhallows Grace-Church Street, 
 St. Laurence Pountney, St. Peter, and St. Helen, in the 
 name of himself, and HENRY FISHER, lest he should die 
 before he had completed his benevolent design, and entrusted 
 the management of them, and the School, to THE SKINNERS 
 COMPANY in London. 
 
 After which he procured the King's Letters Patent and 
 License, dated the 16th of May, 1554, for the founding of 
 it; and that The Master, Wardens, and Commonalty of 
 Skinners should be GOVERNORS of the possessions, lands, 
 and goods of the School, to be called " THE FREE GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL of Sir ANDREW JUDDE, Knight, in the Town of 
 Tunbridge." 
 
 Sir ANDREW died in 1558, and by his Will, dated the 
 2d of September in that year, devised the above mentioned 
 lands to The Company of Skinners for the purpose of this 
 School. After which, HENRY FISHER, his Feoffee, assigned 
 those lands, according to the purport of the Will, to The 
 Company, but deceasing soon afterwards, one ANDREW 
 FISHER, his son, endeavoured to impeach those conveyances, 
 under pretence of a former one made by his Father. But 
 the whole being examined in Parliament, in the Four- 
 teenth of Queen ELIZABETH, 1572, an Act then passed for
 
 TUNBRIDGE.] KENT. 627 
 
 the assurance of the lands to this School, in which all such 
 pretended inrolments and exemplifications were declared 
 void, as to the lands assured for the maintenance of this 
 School. 
 
 Notwithstanding this Act, FISHER endeavoured again to 
 strip the School and Company of them, under pretence, that 
 The Company was not rightly named as to their title of 
 Incoi-poration in the Act. Which coming to be heard in 
 The House of Commons, upon the Petition of The Company, 
 with the consent of FISHER, the former Act was confirmed 
 in the Thirty-first of Queen ELIZABETH, 1589, by another 
 Act then passed, for the better assuring of the lands and 
 tenements of this School. 
 
 By the Charter of King EDWARD the Sixth, THE COLLEGE 
 of ALL SOULS were appointed VISITORS, in case any disputes 
 should arise ; indeed, in the Charter it is written " Collegium 
 Omnium Sanctorum ;" but as there is no such College, and 
 the Founder of this School being of consanguinity to Arch- 
 bishop CHICHELE, the Founder of that College, the late 
 learned Sir WILLIAM BLACKSTONE was of opinion, that the 
 word Sanctorum was a mistake of the transcriber for Ani- 
 marum, and that The College of All Souls was meant by 
 the Founder for this part of the Trust : though it is not 
 upon record, that these Visitors have at any time been 
 appealed to. 
 
 The Skinners' Company having caused certain STATUTES 
 to be drawn up for the government of the School, submitted 
 the same to the correction of ALEXANDER NOWELL, then 
 Dean of St. Paul's ; who accordingly perused and corrected 
 them, and under his own hand signified his approbation of 
 them: whereupon The Company laid the corrected copy- 
 before Archbishop PARKER, in whose Diocese the School 
 was, requesting His Grace to peruse and subscribe the 
 Statutes, already perused and subscribed by " The Deane 
 of Powks" ERASMUS and ASCHAM, according to Arch-
 
 KENT. [TUNBRIDGE. 
 
 deacon CHURTON, men of profound learning and placid 
 manners, were both of them advocates for a gentle and 
 humane mode of Education. The good Dean of St. Paul's, 
 of similar erudition and congenial spirit, also approved of 
 mild discipline, as his emendations, all on the side of lenity, 
 evinced. One injunction, on a point of higher moment, he 
 judged fit to be added, that all the Scholars, upon the 
 Sabbath and Holidays, should resort in due time to Divine 
 Sendee in the Parish Church, attended by the Master or 
 Usher, one or both. 
 
 Among other matters contained in the Statutes, it is 
 ordained, that the Master of the School shall be a Master of 
 Arts, if it may be, and that the Usher shall be chosen by 
 him; and that the Master shall have authority to reject such 
 as apply for gratis instruction, or Day boys, unless they can 
 write competently, and read Latin and English perfectly. 
 
 Disputes having arisen concerning the extent of the Free- 
 dom of the School, in 1693, an Appeal was made from The 
 Town of Tunbridge to The Skinners' Company, who there- 
 upon limited it's Freedom according to the words of the 
 Charter to the emolument, " Juvenum in villa et patria 
 adjacenti^ of the boys inhabiting the Town and adjacent 
 country ; and this, according to the opinion of the late 
 Lord Chancellor YOHKE, was a very fair and reasonable 
 construction. 
 
 Notwithstanding which, another warm dispute upon this 
 subject arose again in 1764 ; when, after consulting the most 
 learned Counsel, viz., YORKE, NORTON, DE GREY, BLACK- 
 STONE, and H0SSEY, it was resolved at a Court holden by 
 The Skinners at their Hall, on the 24th of January, 1/65, 
 that the Children of the Town and Parish of Tunbridge, 
 who could write competently and read Latin and English 
 perfectly, should be instructed on proper application to the 
 Master, without payment of any consideration, excepting the 
 Statutable entrance money ; but Judge BLACKSTONE was of
 
 TUKBKIDGE.] KENT, 629 
 
 opinion, that The College of All Souls ought to have been 
 consulted. 
 
 The greatest Benefactor to this School, next to The 
 Founder, was Sir THOMAS SMITH, Knight, who bequeathed 
 lands to The Skinners' Company in Trust, among other 
 purposes, to pay to the Master of this School 10. per 
 annum; to the Usher of it 5.; to Six Scholars to be 
 elected to the University from it, 60. per annum ; to The 
 Skinners 1 Company towards the expense of their Annual 
 Visitations, 6.. 13. .4. per annum; and also the sum of 
 24. per annum, to buy a piece of cloth, to be distributed 
 to 24 poor persons, one piece of it to each of them, at the 
 Annual Visitation. 
 
 The original School building extends in front upwards of 
 100 feet in length. It is constructed in a plain, but neat 
 and uniform style, with the sand-stone of the neighbouring 
 country. Behind it, there is a considerable addition to the 
 Master's habitation, erected by The Skinners' Company in 
 1676, together with a Hall or Refectory, for the use of the 
 Scholars ; and a small, yet elegant Library built at the joint 
 expense of the Patrons of the School, and of The Revd. 
 JAMES CAWTHORN, Master, who died on the 15th of April, 
 1761. There are also detached offices, a garden, and a play- 
 ground belonging to it. 
 
 There are several EXHIBITIONS appropriated to this 
 School, besides those of Sir THOMAS SMITH, which were to 
 be paid in portions of 10. a year each, for seven years, to 
 Six poor Scholars, who should go immediately from hence 
 to either of The Universities. 
 
 In 1562, HENRY FISHER, Fishmonger, of London, and 
 Executor of Sir ANDREW JUDDE, endowed an EXHIBITION 
 at Brasen-Nose College, Oxford, for a Scholar to be elected 
 by The Skinners' Company from this School. 
 
 Mr. LEWIS endowed an EXHIBITION for one Scholar, going 
 from hence to Cambridge.
 
 630 KENT. [TlINBRIDEG. 
 
 In 1620, Sir JAMES LANCASTER, Knight, endowed FOUR 
 EXHIBITIONS, for such Scholars as should go to either of the 
 Universities. 
 
 Mr. WORRALL gave Two EXHIBITIONS of 6. a year 
 each to Scholars, who should have spent two full years in 
 the Upper Class of this School. The Will directs, that the 
 person chosen by The Skinners 1 Company to one of their 
 own Exhibitions, may also enjoy one of these, or if there 
 should be any one Scholar recommended by the Master, as 
 qualified in an eminent degree above others, he may enjoy 
 both Mr. WORRALL'S Exhibitions as they fall, if the Head 
 and Senior Fellows of the College signify their concurrence. 
 
 THOMAS LAMPARD gave an EXHIBITION of Four marcs, 
 to be paid quarterly to a Scholar of Tunbridge School. 
 
 ROBERT HOLMEDON bequeathed by his Will 4. a year 
 in the disposal of THE LEATHERSELLERS" COMPANY, to be 
 given to a SCHOLAR of this School on failure of a claimant 
 from another School, at the time of vacancy. 
 
 Sir THOMAS WHITE directed by his last Will, that in the 
 choice of a Bible Clerk, or JEdituus of his College of SAINT 
 JOHN in Oxford, a preference should be given to the Candi- 
 dates educated at either of the Schools which supply that 
 College, of which Tunbridge is one. (See, Reading?) The 
 Salary and emoluments are 30. per annum, and it may be 
 holden with any of the above-mentioned Exhibitions. 
 
 Sir THOMAS WHITE was Lord Mayor of London in the 
 year 1554, and of The Merchant Taylors' Company. His 
 Charities were most liberal and extensive. He was an 
 intimate friend of Sir ANDREW JUDDE, and " propter exi- 
 mium amorem in eum" as the Statutes of his College of ST. 
 JOHN inform us, gave one of his Fellowships to Tunbridge 
 School, which was founded but a very short time before that 
 College. The Probationary, Fellow, or Scholar, when nomi- 
 nated, must be sent immediately from the School, that is, he 
 must not have left the School before the vacancy ; for the
 
 TONBBIDGE.] KENT. 631 
 
 Statute expressly says, that the Electors " ex suis Scholia 
 mittendos curent? The Statutes direct, that the nomination 
 of the Fellow shall be made by the " Prcetores vel Seniores" 
 of the several Corporate Towns from which Fellows are sent 
 to ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE ; but as Tunbridge is not a Corpo- 
 ration, nor either Mayors or Aldermen or any such, who 
 answer the above description, in it, there have been great 
 debates to whom the Election properly belongs. The nomi- 
 nation has always hitherto been signed by the Master and a 
 few of the Principal Inhabitants of the Town, and the 
 College has invariably admitted it's validity, though Oppon- 
 ents have more than once endeavoured to set it aside. 
 
 In the event of Two SCHOLARSHIPS in JESUS COLLEGE, 
 Cambridge, founded by Lady MARGARET BOSWELL, not 
 being filled from the School at Seven-Oaks, they are then to 
 be supplied from this School. See, Seven -Oaks. 
 
 Mr. JOHN STRONG left by Will a sum of money in Trust, 
 for the apprenticing to some marine business, a Scholar, 
 educated " at the great School at Tunbridge ;" but it does 
 not appear, that this bequest has ever been claimed by any 
 Scholar of this School. 
 
 This School continues under the management of THE 
 COMPANY of SKINNERS, who, in pursuance of the Statutes, 
 visit it annually in the month of May. 
 
 They are attended, as the Statutes direct, by a very 
 respectable Clergyman of London, whose business it is to 
 examine the several Classes of the School. On the arrival 
 of the Company at the gates of the School, a Congratulatory 
 Oration in Latin is spoken by the Head Boy. The Company 
 then proceed to Church, where they distribute bread, money, 
 and cloaths to a number of poor persons of the Parishes of 
 Tunbridge, Bidborough, and Speldhurst, according to the 
 Will of Sir THOMAS SMITH. On their return, after a cold 
 collation, they survey the buildings, and give orders for all 
 necessary repairs. They next proceed to the School, where,
 
 632 KENT. [TUNBRIDGE. 
 
 after a few Latin Oratiohs, THE EXAMINATION begins ; at 
 the close of which the whole Company, which consists, 
 besides the Visitors and their friends, of the neighbouring 
 Gentry and Clergy, retire to dinner, which is served up in 
 the Library, and in other rooms in the Master's House. At 
 Five o'clock they return to the School, and the GRAMMA- 
 TICAL DISPUTATIONS^ a "very antient exercise, are commenced 
 by the Six Senior Scholars. These exercises conclude with 
 the repetition of English or Latin verses. THE EXAMINER 
 then distributes, according to the Statutes, as an Honorary 
 reward, a silver Pen gilt, to each of the Six SENIOR 
 SCHOLARS, who on that day walk in procession to the 
 Church, before their Patrons, with garlands of fresh flowers 
 on their heads. Such is the pleasing Ceremony which has 
 been constantly observed, ever since the Foundation of this 
 School. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 WYE.} KENT. 633 
 
 WYE, near ASHFORD. 
 
 JOHN KEMPE, Archbishop of Canterbury and Cardinal of 
 the Church of Rome, intending his COLLEGE of WYE for 
 the instruction of Youth in the knowledge of Grammar, as 
 well as for the Celebration of Divine Service, took special 
 care in the Statutes which he made for the government of 
 of it, that this part of his intention should have it's proper 
 effect. In it all Scholars were to be taught gratis, both 
 rich and poor, in the art of Grammar ; unless a present was 
 voluntarily made, and except the usual offerings of Cock 
 and Pence, at the Feast of St* Nicholas. 
 
 In this situation the School remained at the Dissolution 
 of The College, in the Thirty-sixth of King HENRY the 
 Eighth, 1545, when both of them were suppressed, and 
 became part of the possessions of the Crown* 
 
 The King, however, took some care for the revival of the 
 School j for in his Grant, on the 15th of March following of the 
 same year, of the Rectories and Churches of Bocton Aluph, 
 Brenset, and Newington, and the Advowsons of the Vicarages of 
 them, and the Vicarage of Wye, parcel of the possessions of 
 the late College here, to WALTER BUCLEH, Esq., Secretary to 
 Queen CATHERINE, and his Heirs, there was a proviso, among 
 other things, that he, WALTER BUCLER, and his Heirs, should 
 at all times provide and maintain a sufficient Schoolmaster, capa- 
 ble of teaching boys and youth in the art of Grammar, without 
 fee or reward, in this Parish : And he was to pay him, out of 
 the Revenues of these premises, the Salary of '13.. 6*. .8. yearly, 
 by even portions at Lady-day and Michaelmas, or within one 
 month after. But he neglecting to perform these conditions, 
 the School continued unprovided for, and his Grant became for- 
 feited on that account to the Crown, in consequence of a Com- 
 mission of Inquiry, taken in the year 1593, for that purpose. 
 
 After which, ROBERT MAXWELL preferred a Petition to King 
 JAMES the First, to grant him such an Estate in the premises as 
 WALTER BUCLER before had, and offering to pay of his own 
 accord, to the Schoolmaster of Wye, 40 marcs, instead of 2O
 
 634 KENT. [Wy E . 
 
 formerly paid. But on a reference to the Attorney and Solici- 
 tor General, they advised that no Grant should be made on so 
 slender a Petition j but that a new Commission should be had, 
 and Inquisition taken, concerning these premises, which was 
 accordingly taken, in the year 1625 ; whereby it \v;is found, 
 that WALTER BUCLER had not fulfilled the conditions of his 
 Grant, by which the Crown was entitled to resume the same 
 again : And the Attorney and Solicitor General certified to the 
 King, that upon that just and lawful process, there was nothing 
 to hinder his intention towards the said ROBERT MAXWELL 
 from taking effect, according to his Petition, and a warrant was 
 accordingly made out for that purpose, which the King's death 
 prevented from being carried into execution. 
 
 Whereupon King CHARLES the First, in the second year of 
 his reign, 1627. granted all the said premises to ROBERT MAX- 
 WELL, Esq., and his heirs for ever, to hold the same by the like 
 tenure as before granted, at the yearly rent of <lO. : provided 
 that he and his heirs should provide and maintain at Wye a 
 Schoolmaster, sufficiently learned in Grammar to teach, as be- 
 fore mentioned, and pay to the said Master 16. Sterling yearly, 
 at Lady-day and Michaelmas, or within one month after each 
 Feast, if it was demanded. 
 
 And His Majesty, by his Letters Patent dated the 28th of 
 May, 16^0, made a new Graunt, taking no notice of the former 
 Grant to WALTER BUCLER, or of his forfeiture of them, only in 
 consideration of the service performed to him by the said RO- 
 BERT MAXWELL, he granted the same premises to him and his 
 heirs, at the like rent, with re-entry and penalty on non-pay- 
 ment j and he agreed to provide and maintain a Schoolmaster, 
 as in the former Grant, and to pay him yearly 16. per annum, 
 at Michaelmas and Lady-day j and that if the same was not 
 paid in the whole or in part, within 30 days after each of the 
 said Feasts, he and they should forfeit 4. over and above the 
 said half-yearly payments, and so for every month after, so 
 long as the same should continue unpaid, with the usual power 
 of distress, &c. 
 
 This Salary continues to be paid to the Master by the posses- 
 sor of The Vicarage of Wye, but the clear annual amount is 
 under '13., as the Land-tax is always deducted out of it. 
 
 Sir GEORGE WHELER, Knight, Prebendary of Durham, 
 who died in 1724, by a Codicil to his Will, gave the scite 
 and buildings of The College of Wye to The Master of 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL there, and to The Master and 
 Mistress of The Lady JOANNA THORNHILL'S Charity School,
 
 WYE.] KENT. 635 
 
 and their Successors for ever, Masters and Mistresses of 
 the same, for their Habitations ; and also lands and tene- 
 ments adjoining and belonging to it, to the value of 14. 
 per annum, for keeping the buildings in repair. 
 
 The Master of The Grammar School has that half of 
 The College allotted for his residence, which contains the 
 South side of it. The whole was lately thoroughly repaired 
 and beautified by the Trustees of THE WHELER BENEFAC- 
 TION, and now makes a very handsome appearance. 
 
 The School-room is an ancient stone building, seemingly 
 of the time of the Foundation of The College, standing 
 adjacent to the Church-yard, and close to the highway. 
 
 A further benefaction, towards the advancement of 
 Learning in this School, was also made by Sir GEORGE 
 WHEELER, who, by his last Will, gave 10. a year, issu- 
 ing out of a Farm called " Skinners" as an EXHIBITION, 
 to a boy chosen out of the Charity School of Lady JOANNA 
 THORNHILL'S foundation, and educated in the Grammar 
 School of Wye, to be sent to LINCOLN COLLEGE, in Ox- 
 ford. But his son, The Revd. GRANVILLE WHELER, ob- 
 serving that in the course of almost forty years, no boy had 
 been so educated, very generously augmented it by Deed 
 to 20. per annum ; and ordered, that if no such boy 
 should be so educated, it should be given to any boy of the 
 Parish of Wye, or in default, to any other, provided he was 
 educated at the said Grammar School of Wye. 
 
 ROBERT PLOT, M. D., the Naturalist, was educated here. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 636 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 TBLACKBUHN. 
 
 BLACKBURN. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in BLACKBUIIN was founded 
 by Queen ELIZABETH, on the humble petition, as well of 
 the Inhabitants of the Village and Parish of Blackburn, as 
 of other persons resident in the neighbourhood, " for the 
 Education, Management, and Instruction of Children and 
 Youths, in Grammar, 1 ' and to be called " The Free Gram- 
 mar School of Queen ELIZABETH, in Blackburn, in the 
 County of Lancaster ." To consist of one Master, and one 
 Usher. 
 
 And that Her Majesty's design might be the more fully 
 answered, and that lands and revenues to be granted for the 
 support of the School, might be the better directed for the 
 continuation of the same, she ordained that there shall be 
 for ever in the Village and Parish of Blackburn, u FIFTY 
 men of the more discreet, and honest, of the Inhabitants or 
 Freeholders," to be Governors of the possessions belonging 
 to the School : GILBERT GERRARD, the Attorney-General, 
 and Sir THOMAS LANGTON, Knight, being in the number of 
 the first Governors.
 
 BLACKBURN.] LANCASTER. 637 
 
 The Governors to be a Body Corporate, with perpetual 
 succession, may plead and be impleaded, have a Common 
 Seal, and a legal capacity of purchasing and holding lands 
 and revenues, provided they are not holden of the Crown in 
 chief, and do not exceed the clear annual value of 30. 
 
 The Governors are further empowered to appoint the 
 Master and Usher, and to make good and wholesome Sta- 
 tutes in writing, concerning the preservation and disposition 
 of the Revenues, and the regulation of the School. 
 
 The sum of 4..7-.4. is now paid out of the Land Reve- 
 nues of the Crown to the Master. And the endowment, 
 which is chiefly in land, situate in Dilworth, has been in- 
 creased by various pecuniary benefactions from the Go- 
 vernors. 
 
 The School is "free to the World" with the exception of 
 an entrance fee and small perquisite. The present number 
 of boys under the Head Master is nearly 30, and from 30 
 to 40 attend the Usher. Children are admitted at any age, 
 and may remain until their Education is completed. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used : there 
 is no particular system of education prescribed. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM 
 BOAKDMAN, Clerk, whose Salary is 90. per annum, toge- 
 ther with perquisites which fluctuate and are uncertain. No 
 Pupils are boarded by him ; nor by the Usher. 
 
 ROBERT BOLTON, an eminent Puritan Divine, and one of 
 the best Scholars of his time, was educated at this School,
 
 638 LANCASTER. [BLACKROD. 
 
 BLACKROD, near BOLTON. 
 
 OF the FREE GIIAMMAR SCHOOL at BLACKKOD the Author 
 is not able to give a description, as no Answer has been re- 
 ceived to his Letter. 
 
 There is an EXHIBITION of about ^0. per annum to 
 Pembroke College, Cambridge.
 
 BOLTON*.] LANCASTER. 639 
 
 GREAT BOLTON or BOLTON in THE MOORS. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of BOLTON in THE MOORS 
 was founded by ROBERT LEVER, Citizen and Clothier of 
 London, who, by his Will, dated the 16th of March, 1641 , 
 devised certain lands in Harwood, in the County of Lancas- 
 ter, either for erecting and maintaining a FREE SCHOOL, or 
 a CHAPEL, as should be thought meet by his Executors. 
 
 This benevolent intention appears to have been afterwards 
 carried into effect. And, in 1784, an Act was obtained for 
 incorporating the Governors, and for enlarging the Trusts 
 and Powers, for the benefit of the School : 
 
 By this Act it is declared, that the School shall be called 
 " THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of the TOWN and PARISH 
 of BOLTON in THE MOORS, in the County Palatine of Lan- 
 caster, of the Foundation of ROBERT LEVER, of London, 
 Gentleman, deceased ;" 
 
 That the Right Honble. THOMAS Lord GREY de WIL- 
 TON, JAMES BRADSHAW, and TEN others, should be GO- 
 VERNORS of the same, should be a Body Corporate and 
 Politic, with perpetual succession, and should have a Com- 
 mon Seal : 
 
 The Governors are empowered to appoint a Head Master, 
 and Usher, " to teach and instruct the Children and Youth 
 who shall be educated at the said School, not only in Gram- 
 mar and Classical Learning, but also in writing, arithmetic, 
 geography, navigation, mathematics, the modern languages, 
 and in such and so many branches of Literature and Edu- 
 cation as shall from time to time, in the judgment of the 
 Governors, or the major part of them, be proper and neces- 
 sary to render the Foundation of the most general use and 
 benefit: 1 '
 
 640 LANCASTER. [BOLTON. 
 
 The Head Master's Salary not to be less than 80., and 
 that of the Usher 40. a year, to be increased as the Reve- 
 nues of the School will admit : 
 
 The Governors are further empowered to remove the 
 Master, and Usher, on sufficient cause, and to appoint 
 others, after three months previous notice in writing : 
 
 The Usher to be under the direction of the Head Master : 
 
 And no Head Master or Usher to teach any Children, 
 besides those educated in the School, belonging to the Pa- 
 rish of BOLTON, without the leave of the Governors. 
 
 No answer has been received to the repeated applications 
 of the Author. 
 
 ROBERT AINSWORTH, the eminent Grammarian and 
 Lexicographer, was educated at this School, of which he 
 was afterwards the Master.
 
 BURNLEY.] LANCASTER. 641 
 
 BURNLEY. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of BURNLEY, in the Parish of 
 Whalley, appears to have existed in the reign of EDWARD 
 the Sixth, as it is recorded in the life of WILLIAM WHITA- 
 KEE, D. D., the learned Master of St. John's College, Cam- 
 bridge, that he received the earlier part of his education 
 here, under the care of Mr. HARGREAVES ; but it does not 
 seem to have been at that time endowed, though the House 
 of the last Popish Incumbent was reserved for the use of a 
 Schoolmaster. 
 
 However, in the Twentieth year of the reign of Queen 
 ELIZABETH, 1578, Sir ROBERT INGHAM, Clerk, Rector of 
 Stocking Pelham, in the County of Hertford, granted a cer- 
 tain messuage or tenement called " Alfrethes," situate at 
 Farnham, in Essex, to his Nephew JOHN INGHAM, on con- 
 dition that he the said JOHN should charge the said tene- 
 ment with a rent-charge of 3. for ever, for and towards 
 the maintenance of a Schoolmaster to teach young persons 
 freely in the Free Grammar School, founded and established 
 in Burnley. 
 
 Accordingly the Nephew granted that Rent-charge to 
 RICHARD, Son and Heir Apparent of JOHN TOWNLEY, of 
 Townley, Esquire, WILLIAM BARCROFT, of Lodge, JOHN 
 PARKER, of Extwisile, SIMON, Son and Heir of EVAN 
 HAYDOCK, of Hesandforih, ROBERT WHITAKER, of Holme, 
 Gentleman, and JOHN WOODROFF, Son and Heir of JOHN 
 WOODROFF, of Burnley, Yeoman, their heirs and assigns, 
 to stand seized of the same for the use and intent aforesaid. 
 The next donation appears to have been a Farm at Alver- 
 thorpe, near Wakefield, in Yorkshire, by a person now 
 unknown. 
 
 By Surrender, dated the 30th of April, 1696, EDMUND 
 YOL. i. T t
 
 642 LANCASTER. [BURNLEY. 
 
 TOWNLEY, Rector of Slaidburn, gave Ackerl&ijs tenement 
 on the Ridge, to this School. 
 
 By Surrender, bearing date the 4th of October, 1699, 
 NICHOLAS TOWNLEY, of Royle, Esq., gave the tenement 
 called " CocJcridge? to the Church and School of Burnley ; 
 probably in equal portions. 
 
 HENRY HALSTED, Clerk, B. D., Rector of Stansfield, in 
 the County of Suffolk, by his Will, dated the 5th of Au- 
 gust, 1728, gave to the Master and Feoffees of the Free 
 School in Burnley, all his Library of books at Stansfield : 
 this is now arranged in a room over the School, and contains 
 some valuable Classical books. 
 
 Besides these Endowments, there is a rent-charge of 10*. 
 a year paid from an Estate situate in the Chapelry of Colne, 
 in this Parish. 
 
 Two rent-charges, one 4s. and the other 9*. a year, were 
 formerly paid from estates in the County of York ; but they 
 have not been acknowledged for more than Twenty years 
 last past. It does not appear who were the Donors. 
 
 There are no STATUTES. 
 
 The School is open, for instruction in the Classics, to the 
 boys of the Chapelry indefinitely. Formerly, something 
 was paid on admission, and a Cockpenny at Shrovetide: 
 But, in lieu of these, the Master was afterwards allowed to 
 make a charge of Two guineas a year for each boy, for 
 teaching writing and arithmetic. The charge is now Three 
 guineas a year to the sons of Gentlemen and principal 
 Tradesmen, but to the rest not so much ; out of which the 
 Master provides an Assistant, to teach English, writing, 
 arithmetic, and the mathematics. The number of Classical 
 boys at present does not exceed Twenty : and from Thirty 
 to Forty more attend. 
 
 No age being specified when boys shall either enter, or 
 leave the School, the whole is left to the discretion of the 
 Master, and of the Parents or Guardians.
 
 BURNLEY.] LANCASTER. 643 
 
 The WESTMINSTER Grammars by WARD, are generally 
 used : But when a boy has previously learned the ETON, 
 the Grammar is not changed. There is no particular system 
 of Education prescribed. 
 
 In 1572, ALEXANDER NOWELL, Dean of St. Paul's, 
 London, established a maintenance for THIRTEEN SCHOLARS 
 at Brasen-Nose College, Oxford, from The Free School of 
 Middleton, and from the Schools of Whalley and Burnley, 
 or any other School in the County Palatine of Lancaster. 
 
 The Master is appointed by The Trustees of the lands, 
 for the time being. The Revenues of the School are ma- 
 naged by him under their direction ; but when a Lease has 
 been granted, it has generally been done by The Trustees 
 only. 
 
 The present Head Master is, JOHN RAWS, Clerk, whose 
 Salary is about 130. a year. The Stipend of the Assistant 
 and the out-goings of the School being liquidated, the sur- 
 plus oi the School charges also belongs to him, which is more 
 or less according to the number of Scholars. This Gentle- 
 man is likewise the Assistant Curate of Burnley. 
 
 Neither of the Masters takes Pupils.
 
 644 LANCASTER. [BURY. 
 
 BURY. 
 
 THE following ADVERTISEMENT appeared in "THE COURIER" 
 Newspaper, on Thursday Evening the 2d of April, 1818, 
 
 " To CLERGYMEN, who are Graduates in one of the two Univer- 
 sities, either of Oxford or Cambridge. 
 
 THE MASTERSHIP of the FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of BURY, in 
 the County of Lancaster, having become vacant by the death of 
 the Revd. FRANCIS HODGSON, who has been Master thereof 49 
 years, the Trustees of the said School hereby give notice, that 
 they intend to hold a SPECIAL MEETING within the said School, 
 on TUESDAY, the 7th day of April next, at Ten o'Clock in the 
 Forenoon, for the purpose of ELECTING another MASTER ; for 
 whom there is a very good double house, with a stable and gar- 
 den adjoining, pleasantly situated, and well fitted for the accom- 
 modation of a family. The Salary will be Two Hundred Pounds 
 a year, payable by four equal payments quarterly. It is not 
 necessary for the Master to be in HOLY ORDERS, but it is required 
 by the Statutes of the Founder " That he be a Graduate in one 
 of the two Universities, either Oxford or Cambridge, well skilled 
 in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew Tongues, a man of prudence 
 and sobriety, and of a good temper." The most respectable 
 testimonials of the preceding qualifications will be expected by 
 the Trustees, to be produced by each Gentleman who may think 
 proper to offer himself as a Candidate on the day of election ; 
 and also that he will give such further proofs of his attainments 
 in the above Languages, as may be requested from him at the 
 same time. 
 
 Further information may be received on application to THOMAS 
 NORRIS, Esq., of Bury, aforesaid, one of the Trustees, and Stew- 
 ard of the said School. All letters must be post paid. 
 Bury, February 12. 
 
 N. B. That part of the above quotation from the Statutes of 
 the Founder, requiring that the Master be well skilled in the 
 Hebrew Tongue, will be dispensed with at the ensuing election j 
 and it may not be improper further to observe, that in addition 
 to the Salary above-mentioned, the Perquisites will probably 
 amount to Twenty Pounds a year."
 
 CARTMEL.] LANCASTER. G45 
 
 CARTMEL, near MILNTHORPE. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of CARTMEL does not appear from 
 the Records of the Parish, to have been founded by any 
 particular Person, or at any stated Period; or to have 
 been originally a Free School, bnt merely a Parochial Se- 
 minary under the authority and superintendance of The 
 Churchwardens and Sidesmen of the Parish. 
 
 For a series of years they hired a Master and paid his 
 Salary from the Interest of small sums of money left by 
 Will, at various periods, for that purpose, or to the Parish 
 for pious uses, which was made up to the sum agreed for by 
 a small Quarterage paid by all who sent Children, except 
 the Poor, to whom the School wasfree. 
 
 Hence it might take the name of a Free SCHOO!, for in 
 1619 it was agreed by the Churchwardens and Sidesmen in 
 Vestry assembled, that Land, not to exceed the value of 
 20., should be purchased with the School stock for the 
 use of The Free School ; no Land, however, was purchased 
 until the year 1680, when <131..10..0. were judiciously ex- 
 pended for that purpose. 
 
 In 1635, a Master is stated in the Parish-book to have 
 been hired at the ancient wages, and who was also to have 
 Gd. a Quarter for Grammarians, and 4d. for Petties (little 
 ones)., as they are so called. Pettetes occurs in the Statutes 
 of Ewelme. 
 
 In ]664, the Master's Stipend was 20. and if the 
 Interest of the School Stock, together with the Quarterage 
 at the rate above mentioned, exceeded that sum, the sur- 
 plus was then to be applied in part payment of the Usher's 
 Salary. 
 
 In 1 674, the Quarterage was raised, by order of the Ves-
 
 646 LANCASTER. [CARTMEL. 
 
 try, from 6d. to 8d. for Grammarians, but remained at 4d. 
 for Petties. 
 
 In 1711, an election took place, when it was agreed 
 that the Master should have for his Stipend the rents of 
 the lands which were purchased in 1680, together with the 
 Interest of the School Stock not expended and Quarterage, 
 which was then raised to ls..6d. for Latin, and 1*. for Eng- 
 lish, but the poor Children to be taught free as before. 
 
 At a subsequent Election, in 1714, no stipulated sum 
 is mentioned ; the Master is to have the whole Salary of 
 the School, allowing to his Usher 3. per annum, out of 
 the same. Nothing is said of Quarterage, which appears to 
 have now ceased ; the Rents of the lands and the Interest 
 of the money remaining, being deemed sufficient for the 
 support of the Master. 
 
 Every future election is entirely unconditional. There 
 are no stipulations in regard to the Children of the Poor, 
 nor are the instructions of the Master confined to the 
 Children of the Parish, but boys are admitted from 
 every part of the Kingdom, and even now from The West 
 Indies. 
 
 In 1689, Mr. HENRY BIGLAND, then a Citizen of Lon- 
 don, but of an Ancient Family in this Parish, gave by Will 
 400. to be invested in land at the discretion of the TWEN- 
 TY-FOUR SIDESMEN : and with which a purchase was made 
 in 1692. 
 
 The whole of the Endowments, except 40., are now in 
 land, situate near Cartmel Church-Town. 
 
 There are no Statutes. But it appears from the Parish- 
 Book that, in 1671, " Two Deeds in Parchment and one 
 in Paper, concerning The Grammar School, were delivered 
 to the safe keeping of THOMAS ASKEW." And, in 1679, 
 it is ordered by The Vestry, that " a new Deed of Trust of 
 the School be made." Two only of the Feoffees named in
 
 CABTMBL.] LANCASTER. 647 
 
 the old Deed being then living. None of these Documents 
 can now be found. 
 
 The School is open to the boys of the Parish indefinitely, 
 as soon as they can read The New Testament in English ; 
 and they may remain, if their Parents think proper, until 
 they have finished their education. It is customary for 
 persons of property, who have children at the School, to 
 make a compliment to the Master at Shrovetide of a sum, 
 called " Cock-pence? " This cannot be demanded of 
 right.''' But a charge, per Quarter, is made upon the Pa- 
 rents of those Children who write or cypher, the Poor not 
 excepted. 
 
 The WESTMINSTER Grammars are used ; but it is now 
 more a School for educating boys for Trade and Commerce, 
 than for Classical Learning. 
 
 The inscription upon the Monument of THOMAS PRES- 
 TON, Esq , who died in 1696, states the following Exhibi- 
 tion, " Ecclesiae pauperibus et pauperum filiia in Schola 
 Cartmellensi Collegioque Sti. Johannis Cantab, educan- 
 dis legavit." It is not known to have been ever obtained. 
 
 The present Head Master is, Mr. WILLIAM TAYLOR, 
 whose emoluments are, Rents of land J50., Interest of 
 money 2., Cock-pence from 20. to 30. He takes Pu- 
 pils, his terms are 44s. per month for board ; writing, cy- 
 phering, &c., being charged separately, and if they are not 
 Parishioners, a certain sum for Cock-pence is also expected. 
 
 The Second or Writing Master does not take Pupils. 
 
 EDMUND LAW, D. D., Bishop of Carlisle, received the 
 early part of his education at this School. His Father was 
 the Curate of one of the Chapels hi this Parish, FORTY- 
 NINE TEARS.
 
 648 LANCASTER. [CHORLET. 
 
 CHORLEY. 
 
 THE GRAMME SCHOOL of CHOHLEY was founded in the 
 year 1611, according to the following Document : 
 
 " The Certificate of WILLIAM HAWKSHEAD and THOMAS AINS- 
 cow, Churchwardens of Chorley, concerning the erection of the 
 School-house, transcribed out of the Register-book, &c., 
 
 " These are to certify all whom it may concern in Posterity, 
 that whereas in the year of Our Lord 1611, 
 
 " We, WILLIAM HAWKSHEAD and THOMAS AINSCOW, then 
 Church-wardens of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, toge- 
 ther with the most part of the best Inhabitants of the Parish, 
 taking notice of the many inconveniences that formerly had 
 been, by reason we were utterly destitute of a School-house 
 within the said Parish or Chapelry, whereby it was the same 
 year, and by the said Inhabitants agreed, that a School-house 
 should be forthwith erected at the Parish charges, and should 
 be set part within the Church-yard, and part within the Tythe 
 Barn-yard, to this end, that neither the Vicar nor the Minister 
 of the said Church or Chapel, nor the Farmer of the Tythes of 
 the said Chapel, should have power to convert it to any other 
 use, but that it should remain constantly for a School-house for 
 ever : 
 
 " All which was finished accordingly by a general consent 
 aforesaid on all sides, with this further promise, that no School- 
 master should inhabit therein with his Wife, neither Minister 
 that should hereafter be the Minister also enjoy that to inhabit 
 therein with his Wife, but every such Wives, in both sides, in 
 such like case is to be kept out of the same for divers great cau- 
 ses, and especially, that if either Wife, or their Children be- 
 gotten in such habitation, might become chargeable to the 
 Parish of Chorley, and for the future hereof, we hope this 
 agreement will discharge all such as hereafter affect to attempt 
 for their Families in part of performance : 
 
 " Whereof and towards the perfecting of the building afore- 
 said, ROBERT CHARNOCK, of Astley, now deceased, gave so 
 much brick as was necessary to be put in the said erection, as it is 
 now finished, and 6. in money, And every Inhabitant in 
 Chorley, that was liable to a Fifteenth, gave and paid 20 Fif- 
 teenths thereunto. Accordingly with other charges made only 
 by the said Inhabitants towards perfecting the same for a
 
 CHORLEY.] LANCASTER. 649 
 
 School-house. So whereupon it was erected, according to the 
 same agreement : 
 
 " So in regard We, the said Church-wardens, grown aged, 
 and as we think it proper to have it on record to testify the same 
 in remaining, and for the preventing all Suits and future Con- 
 troversies thereupon, as also that the Truth in future may appear, 
 we thought good to certify the same under our hands the last 
 day of June, anno Domini 1634 : 
 
 ' ' And, therefore, to that purpose have inserted this our Certi- 
 ficate into the Register Book of Chorley, the day and year last 
 mentioned, in the presence of these Persons and Parishioners, 
 whose names are subscribed here." 
 
 It does not appear that there was any original Endow- 
 ment, but there have been the following Benefactions 
 subsequently made, for the support of the Master, viz,, 
 
 per annum. 
 
 WILLIAM MASON, who died in 1638, left an An- 
 nuity, payable out of an Estate, called " Ingol^ 
 near Preston, of - - \.. 0..0 
 
 An Annuity, payable out of an Estate, called 
 " Stump" near Chorley, but by whom left, is 
 not known, of - 5.. 0..0 
 
 The Interest of j50. left by a person named 
 
 HEALD, 2..10..0 
 
 The Interest of 20. left by JAMES ALLANSON, 1.. 0..0 
 The Interest of 10. left by a person named 
 
 BROWN, - 0..10..0 
 
 An Annuity payable from Astley Hall, but by 
 
 whom left, is not known, of 0..15..0 
 
 10..15..Q 
 
 At present there are neither Trustees, Trust Deeds, nor 
 what can properly be called an Endowment. 
 
 The Stipend being so small, no boys are taught free of 
 expense; and the Master is at liberty to charge whatever 
 Quarterage he pleases. As this is a manufacturing District, 
 all the Youth educated here at present are intended for 
 business, and consequently, it may with propriety be
 
 650 LANCASTER. [CHORLEY. 
 
 styled a " Commercial Scluxd" the Classics being seldom 
 introduced. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. HENRY BRIEELEY, 
 whose Salary and Emoluments average about 120. per 
 annum. His terms for Boarders are 25. a year for boys 
 under 12 years of age, and 30. for those above that age. 
 
 Previous to this Gentleman's election, which is now 
 21 years since, the School had been very indifferently 
 managed for a long time ; and, of course, when he came it 
 was at a very low ebb, not six boys attending when he 
 opened the School, but by laudable industry and persever- 
 ance it is now constantly full, and has averaged for several 
 years past from 60 to 70, and sometimes 80, Scholars.
 
 CLITHEROE.] 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 651 
 
 CLITHEROE. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of CLITHEROE was founded 
 by King PHILIP and Queen MARY, and endowed with the 
 Lands and Rectorial Tythes of the Parish of Almondbury, in 
 the County of York. 
 
 THE GOVERNORS are Six in number, and are bound by 
 an Oath for the observance of the Statutes. They are re- 
 quired to have a residence within the Parish of Whalley, 
 which is divided into Parochial Chapelries, of which Clitheroe 
 is one ; and the vacancies as they occur, are filled up by the 
 Survivors. 
 
 The Head Master, and Usher, are elected after an exami- 
 nation of Candidates by The Governors, subject to the 
 approval of the Bishop of Chester, who is VISITOR of the 
 School. 
 
 The Governors have the sole management of the income 
 of the lands and possessions of the School, and appoint the 
 Salaries of the Head Master and Usher, which are at present 
 settled at 200. to the former, and 100. to the latter per 
 annum. The surplus of the Revenue arising from the
 
 652 LANCASTER. [CLITHEROE. 
 
 estates, is directed to be applied to the repairs of the School, 
 and sending poor boys educated at this School to the Uni- 
 versities : But there has only been one Exhibitioner within 
 recollection. 
 
 The money which has of late accumulated, has been 
 applied to building a house for the Head Master. 
 
 This School is exclusively Classical, and free without 
 limitation. An annual present at Shrovetide is expected 
 from the Scholars to their Teacher, which is called " a Cock- 
 penny ;'' and it varies, according to the circumstances of the 
 Scholars. 
 
 The School possesses no advantages in either of the Uni- 
 versities ; nor is it connected with any particular College. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. ROBERT HEATH, 
 M.A., of Brazen-Nose College, Oxford. This Gentleman 
 takes Pupils, his terms for board and education, being 50. 
 per annum, exclusive of incidental expenses. 
 
 The Vicarage of Almondbury, of which the Governors of 
 the School are Patrons, has usually been presented by them 
 to some private friend. 
 
 The Perpetual Curacy of Clitheroe has, of late, been 
 generally presented to The Head Master by the Patron, Lord 
 Viscount CUEZON,
 
 FARNWORTH.] LANCASTER. 653 
 
 FARNWORTH, in Widnes, near PRESCOT. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at FARNWORTH, a Chapelry 
 in the ParislTof Prescot, was founded by WILLIAM SMYTHE, 
 the good Bishop of LINCOLN, a native of this Parish, and 
 the Founder of Brasen-Nose College, in Oxford, according 
 to an Indenture Tripartite, made the 20th of July, 1 50J, 
 f{ betwene WILLIAM SMYTHE, Bishop of Lincolne, and 
 The Dean and Chapter of Lincolne, of the one partie ; 
 JOHN the Prior, and the Convent of Launde, in the County 
 of Leycester, of the second partie; and The Maior and 
 Citizens of Chester, of the third partie," 
 
 Reciting, That forasmuch as the said Prior and Convent had 
 received of the said Bishop a gift of 300. towards their great 
 charges in procuring the appropriation of the Parochial Church 
 of Rosthorne, in Cheshire, to their Monastery, They agreed to 
 pay" an annual rent of lO. } for ever, to the said Mayor and 
 Citizens, who would give the same to " a sufficyentt and honest 
 Freest, being a Master or Bachelor of Arte, or a Master of 
 Grammar at the least, teaching Grammar freelye, in a Free 
 Schoole at Fame worth, in the County of Lancaster, for ever." 
 
 This rent is now paid from Rosthorne, having been fixed 
 to be so paid at the Dissolution of the Abbey. 
 
 In 1623, One Hundred and Fifty-five Inhabitants of 
 Farnworth petitioned the Magistrates of Chester in behalf 
 of Mr. HAWARDE, School-master there, whom they highly 
 extol, Afterwards, " other Masters ~had so misused the 
 Children, that they had been in danger of losing their senses, 
 lives, and limbs." 
 
 In 1631, there was a general and joint Petition of the 
 Gentlemen and the Inhabitants of the Chapelry of Farn- 
 worth to the Mayor and Aldermen of Chester, praying for 
 <( a new Schoolmaster, instead of old Mr. HAWARDE, who 
 was insufficient, and young WILLIAM who was idle and 
 neglectful."
 
 654 LANCASTER. [FAHNWORTH. 
 
 Other gratuitous acts were conferred upon Scholars, 
 natives of the Counties of Lancaster and Chester, by the 
 benevolent Family of SMYTHE. 
 
 MATTHEW SMYTH, the first Principal of Brasen-Nose, in 
 1512, and who died in 1547, left his Nephew, WILLIAM 
 SMYTH, Parson of Barton in The Clay, a tenement and 
 lands in Sutton, in the Parish of Prescot, chargeable with 
 20$. to be paid yearly to the Usher at Farnworth. His other 
 land in Sutton he gave to Brasen-Nose College, to pay 20*. 
 a year to a Scholar born in the Chapelry of Farnworth, or 
 else in the Parish of Prescot, or near to it. He also disposed 
 of other lands, for the purpose of raising SCHOLARS in the 
 Parish, and supporting them at Brasen-Nose College. 
 
 HUMPHREY OGLE, LL.B., gave 100. to Brasen-Nose, 
 to support Two SCHOLARS born in the Parish of Prescot. 
 
 There are also payable from an estate in Rainhill, 
 in this Parish, annually, - jl8.. 0..0 
 
 KNOWLES'S Legacy, placed out on the Wigan and 
 Warrington Turnpike roads, 96. - 4..16..0 
 
 Rent of half an estate, inPenkitt, in this Parish, 15.. 0..0 
 
 House and Garden in Farnworth, purchased with 
 a bequest to the School of 100., 8.. 0..0 
 
 Mr. GREGSON observes, " the beneficent design of the 
 Founders of Brasen-Nose, and the School at Farnworth, 
 could not be executed more advantageously for the future 
 Fellows themselves, and for the Honour of the intelligent 
 and learned Principal and his worthy Associates, the Fellows 
 of Brasen-Nose College, than by the appropriation of a part 
 of their Revenues to the support of an excellent and learned 
 Schoolmaster, to teach freely the Children who are destined 
 to be sent to College from this favourite seat of the Clergy, 
 the Parish of Prescot; and the Town of Farnworth, from 
 whence so many Lancashire and Cheshire men have risen to 
 the enjoyment of the best Livings in the gift of Brasen-Nose,
 
 FABNWORTH.] LANCASTER. 655 
 
 will do well to continue to nourish such plants as will bring 
 forth fruit that will do credit to the Founders. If the good 
 Bishop had laid out in his days J300. in a landed estate, 
 instead of lending the money, the income, 'ere this, would 
 have been 300. a year. The number of excellent Scholars 
 from this Parish is certainly very great, but it is hoped a 
 hint humbly given by a Layman will be excused ; for com- 
 plaints against the Schoolmaster are not always groundless."
 
 656 LANCASTER. [HAWKSHEAD. 
 
 HAWKSHEAD, in FURNESS FELLS. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in HAWKSHEAD was founded 
 in 1585. His Grace EDWYNE SANDYS, Archbishop of York, 
 then obtaining Letters Patent under the Great Seal, dated at 
 Greenwich the 10th of April, in the Twenty-Seventh year 
 of Queen ELIZABETH, by which Her Majesty granted, that 
 from thenceforth there should be one Grammar School 
 within the Parish of Hawkshead, in the County Palatine of 
 Lancaster, and that SAMUEL SANDYS, CHRISTOPHER 
 SANDYS, ADAM SANDYS, Gentlemen, WILLIAM SAWREY, 
 BERNARD BENSON, ROWLAND NICOLSON, THOMAS RAW- 
 LINSON, and JAMES TAYLOR, Yeomen, should be Governors 
 of the Possessions and Revenues of the School ; should be a 
 Body Corporate, by the name of " THE GOVERNORS of the 
 Possessions, Revenues, and Goods, of the said Free Grammar 
 School," with perpetual succession, and by the same name 
 should be able to receive Manors, lands, &c., as well of Her 
 Majesty, her Heirs, and Successors, as of His Grace The 
 Archbishop, or of any other person, provided they do not 
 exceed the clear yearly value of 30., and be not holden in 
 capite ; should have a Common Seal; might plead and be 
 impleaded; and that the Archbishop, during his natural 
 life, should make Statutes in writing, concerning the well 
 ordering and government of the Schoolmaster and Scholars, 
 and the Possessions of the School. 
 
 By virtue of the Letters Patent, His Grace made the 
 following CONSTITUTIONS, which were duly subscribed on 
 the 1st of April, 1588, 
 
 1. I ordain, constitute, make, establish, and erect, that one 
 Perpetual and Free School of Grammar, from henceforth, be in 
 Hawkshead aforesaid, of one School-master, and his Successors, 
 in one House there, for that purpose by me appointed, and so to 
 continue from one School-master to another, in succession, for
 
 HAWKSHEAD.] LANCASTER. 657 
 
 ever, to teach Grammar, and the Principles of the Greek tongue, 
 with other Sciences necessary to be taught in a Grammar School ; 
 the same to be taught in the said School freely, without taking 
 any Stipend, wage, or other exaction of the Scholars, or of any 
 of them resorting to the said School to learn; which said 
 School, shall, from henceforth, be called, for ever, " THE FREE 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOT- of EDWYNE SANDYS," Archbishop of York, 
 in Hawkshead aforesaid, according to the foresaid grant and 
 license from Her Majesty. 
 
 2. Also, I do constitute, elect, nominate, ordain, and appoint, 
 PETER MAGSON, Master of Arts, School-master of the said 
 Grammar School, &c. 
 
 3. Also, I ordain, will, and declare by these presents, that I, 
 the said EDWYNE, Archbishop of York, during my life, natural, 
 and after my decease, SAMUEL SANDYS, my son, during his life, 
 shall have the nomination, donation, gift, and grant of the said 
 office and room of Schoolmastership or School-master of the said 
 Free School, when and so often as the same shall become void 
 by death, deprivation, or otherwise, to give, grant, and dispose 
 the same to such person and persons as shall be apt and able 
 thereunto, according to the Ordinances herein declared, and 
 hereafter by me to be declared ; and after my decease, and the 
 death of the said SAMUEL SAXDYS, the Governors of the foresaid 
 Free Grammar School, for the time being, or the most part of 
 them, with the assent of the Bishop of Chester, for the time 
 being, shall, for ever, have the nomination, donation, gift, and 
 grant of the said office and room of School-mastership, or 
 School-master, of the said Free School, in Hawkshead, when 
 and so often as the same shall become void by death, depriva- 
 tion, or otherwise, to give and grant the same to such person 
 and persons as shall be apt and able thereunto, according to the 
 Ordinances herein declared, and hereafter by me to be declared. 
 
 4. Also, I ordain and appoint, that the said School-master 
 shall be well seen, and have good understanding in the Greek 
 and Latin tongues, and shall teach and inform the same to such 
 Scholars of the same School, as shall be most meet and apt for 
 the same, according to the discretion of the said School-master, 
 and that the said School-master before he shall begin to teach 
 the said School, (after my decease), shall be allowed by the 
 Ordinary of the place, for the time being, according to the 
 Statute in that case provided. 
 
 5. Also, I ordain and constitute, that the said School-master 
 of the said School, and his Successors, for ever, shall have under 
 him one Usher, in the foresaid School, to be an Usher in the said 
 School, to teach such Children and Scholars in the said School 
 of the Lowest Forms, as to him shall be appointed by the said 
 
 YOL. i. U u
 
 658 LANCASTER. [HAWKSHEAD. 
 
 School-master and his Successors, and that the said Usher shall 
 be chosen from time to time by the said School -master and Go- 
 vernors of the said School, or the most part of them, for the 
 time being. And also, that upon any misbehaviour to be commit- 
 ted by the said Usher, it shall be lawful for the said School-mas- 
 ter and Governors, or the most part of them, to deprive the said 
 Usher, and at their pleasure to appoint another in his place as 
 foresaid. And if the aforesaid School-master shall fortune to 
 die, then the Usher of the said School for the time being-, shall 
 teach the Scholars in the said School, as Master thereof, until 
 there be a School-master placed in the said room and office to 
 exercise the same, according to the Ordinances and Foundation 
 of the said School : And the said Usher so teaching in the said 
 Vacation time, shall during the same time, appoint one Scholar 
 of the same School, to be an Usher under him, which Scholar, 
 so teaching as Usher, shall have for the said time he shall teach 
 as Usher, the Stipend and Allowance belonging to the Usher ; 
 and the said Usher, so long as he shall teach as Master, to have 
 the Stipend and Allowance belonging to the School-master. 
 The which sums of money, shall be paid to the said Usher 
 teaching as Master, and Scholar teaching as Usher, by the said 
 Governors and their Successors, for the time being, as before is 
 expressed, Provided always, that after my decease, and the 
 decease of the .said SAMUEL SANDYS, my son, if the foresaid 
 Governors of the foresaid Free School, and their Successors, for 
 the time being, with the consent of the Bishop of Chester, for 
 the time being, do not give and grant the said School-master- 
 ship within the space of Thirty days next after the avoidance 
 thereof, to one apt and able person, according to the Ordinances 
 aforesaid, that then the Bishop of the Diocese of Chester, for the 
 time being, alone shall have the gift, grant, and disposition of 
 the said office and room of School-mastership for that time, so 
 that the said Bishop, for the time being, give and grant the 
 same within Thirty days next after the foresaid Thirty days ap- 
 pointed to the foresaid Governors of the said School, And if the 
 said Bishop of Chester, for the time being, do not give and grant 
 the said School-mastership within the said Thirty days so limited 
 unto him, as before is said, to one able person, according to the 
 Ordinances aforesaid, that then the Dean and Chapter of Chester 
 aforesaid, for the time being, shall have the gift and grant of 
 the said office and room of School-mastership for that time, and 
 so from time to time, as often as any such default as aforesaid 
 shall happen to be. 
 
 6.' Also, I ordain and constitute, that the said Schoolmaster and 
 his Successors, for the time being, shall on every Work-day be- 
 tween the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint
 
 HAWKSHEAD. LANCASTER. 659 
 
 Michael the Archangel, be in the said School and begin to teach 
 at Six of the Clock in the Morning, or at the furthest, within 
 one half hour after, and so to continue until Eleven of the Clock 
 in the Forenoon j and to begin again at One of the Clock in the 
 Afternoon, and so to continue until Five of the Clock at night. 
 And every Work-day between the Feast of Michaelmas and 
 the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin, to begin to teach at 
 Seven of the Clock in the Morning, or within half an hour after 
 at the furthest, and so to continue until Eleven of the Clock 
 before noon ; and then to begin School again at half an hour 
 before One of the Clock in the afternoon, and so to continue 
 until Four of the Clock at night ; During all which times, I 
 will, that the Schoolmaster shall be present in the School with 
 the Usher, and shall teach all such good Authors which do con- 
 tain honest precepts of Virtue, and good Literature, for the bet- 
 ter education of Youth ; and shall once every week at the least, 
 instruct and examine his Scholars in the principles of true Reli- 
 gion, to the end that they may the better know and fear God : 
 And that the said Schoolmaster and Usher shall not use of 
 custom, to be absent from the aforesaid School during the times 
 aforesaid, nor withdraw themselves from thence, but only for, 
 and upon honest, necessary, and reasonable causes, And that 
 it shall not be lawful for the said School-master or Usher, to be 
 absent from the said School above Six weeks at one or several 
 times in the whole year, upon necessary business, except they 
 obtain the special license of the said Governors, or the most 
 part of them, for the time being, so that the School-master and 
 Usher be not both absent at one time. 
 
 7. Certain godly Prayers, as therein set down, to be said every 
 Morning and Evening. 
 
 8 . The Schoolmaster, Usher, and Scholars, to use and fre- 
 quent the Church upon the Sabbath-day and Holy-days, to hear 
 Divine Service and Sermons, and to sit together in some con- 
 venient place. 
 
 9. 10. The Master to be displaced for misbehaviour by the 
 Governors, with the assent of the Bishop of Chester. 
 
 1 1 . Also, I ordain, will, and constitute, that the said School- 
 master, and his Successors, for the time being, shall break up 
 their School and Teaching only at two times in the year : that 
 is to say, one full week next before Christmas, and to begin to 
 teach again the next Working-day after the Twelfth day of 
 Christmas; and shall break up again one full week next before 
 Easter, and shall begin to teach again the Monday Se'nnight 
 after Easter. Against which several times of breaking up, the 
 chiefest Scholars of the said School, shall make Orations, Epis-
 
 660 LANCASTER. [HAWKBHEAD. 
 
 ties, Verses in Latin or Greek, for their Exercises, that thereby 
 the said School-master may see how the said Scholars have 
 profited. 
 
 12. The Founder's power in altering the Constitutions and 
 Ordinances. 
 
 13. Also, I ordain, will, and constitute, that the Usher of the 
 aforesaid School, shall be obedient to the Master thereof, and 
 that all Scholars shall be obedient to all good and lawful Sta- 
 tutes and Ordinances now made, or hereafter to be made, touch- 
 ing the good government and ordering of the same School, and 
 shall be of honest and virtuous conversation, obedient to the 
 Master and Usher in all things touching good manners and learn- 
 ing, both in the School and elsewhere, and shall continually use 
 the Latin tongue, or the Greek tongue, within the School, as 
 they shall be able. Also they shall use no weapons in the School, 
 as sword, dagger, waster, or other like, to fight or brawl withal, 
 nor any unlawful gaming in the School. They shall not haunt 
 taverns, alehouses, or playing at any unlawful games, as cards, 
 dice-tables, or such like, Also they shall keep the hours in 
 coming to the School, before in these Statutes mentioned. Also 
 in the absence of the Master, the Scholars shall be obedient to 
 the Usher, and to such Prepositors as the Master shall appoint 
 touching good order in the School. All which Statutes now 
 made, and hereafter to be made by me, the* said EDWIN, Arch- 
 bishop of York, they shall inviolably keep and observe, upon 
 pain of Expulsion from the aforesaid School, after Three Warn- 
 ings had and given, concerning the premises, by the School-mas- 
 ter of the said School, for the time being ; or by the Usher of 
 the said School in vacation time, when there is no Master of the 
 said School, and the said Scholar or Scholars so expulsed, shall 
 not be received into the said School again without humble suit 
 and earnest Petition, made to the Governors and Master of his 
 or their reconciliation. 
 
 14. The Governors, from time to time to preserve and main- 
 tain the School and School-house, and all other buildings, and 
 fences of the same, in good repair, and shall see that all the 
 commodities and revenues belonging to the School, be employed 
 to such uses as appear in the Letters Patent. 
 
 15. The Master's yearly Salary to be 20., and that of the 
 Usher 3. .6. .8., to be paid to them, by even portions, at the 
 Feasts of The Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and St. 
 Michael the Archangel. 
 
 16. The Governors to visit the School, at the least twice 
 every year, and shall make diligent inquiry, from time to time, 
 whether the School-master, Usher, and Scholars, do their duties
 
 HAWKSHEAD.] LANCASTER. 661 
 
 as becometh them or not : " and as they shall find any thing 
 amiss or out of order, they shall redress and amend the same 
 presently, or so soon as they conveniently can." 
 
 17- The Governors shall yearly appoint one of themselves to 
 collect and gather the rents and revenues of the School ; who, 
 before he enters upon his office, shall give bond, with one or two 
 sufficient Sureties, to make a just and true Accompt, when 
 required. 
 
 18. That before any Governor be admitted to the place of 
 Governorship of the School, he shall not only give his consent 
 to the execution of these Statutes and Ordinances ; but also 
 shall be Sworn, to be true and just towards the School, and 
 to the preservation, government, and faithful sustentation of the 
 same. 
 
 19. A strong and substantial Chest to be provided, with three 
 strong Locks and Keys, of three several fashions, for the safe 
 custody of Her Majesty's Letters Patent, and all the evidences 
 and writings concerning the School, the School-master to have 
 the keeping of one of the Keys, and the two first named Gover- 
 nors and their Successors, to have either of them one of the said 
 Keys in their custody, so as the Chest may not be opened with- 
 out the consent of all the three Persons so named and appointed. 
 
 20. The Governors to pay to the Lord of the Customary te- 
 nement such rents, fines, &c., as shall from time to time be 
 due, &c. 
 
 21. All the Ordinances and Constitutions to be truly, firmly, 
 and inviolably observed and kept, in every point, by the Gover- 
 nors, Master, Usher, and Scholars. 
 
 And to give greater Solemnity and Security for the 
 lithful discharge of the Governor's duty, Doctor JOHN 
 BRIDGMAX, Bishop of Chester, prescribed the following 
 OATH, to be voluntarily taken by such, as are to be elected 
 id admitted Governors of this School : 
 
 " I, A. B., do swear, that I have not given any thing, nor 
 we indirectly laboured, to be made Governor of this School; 
 and I will diligently and faithfully, to the utmost of mine ability, 
 ceep by myself, and cause to be kept by others (as much as I 
 
 i), inviolably, all these Statutes ; And I will not do any act, 
 at any time, which I shall know, believe, or think, will be pre- 
 judicial to the good of the said School ; and I will not appro- 
 priate, convert or apply to mine own use, or to the use of any of 
 mine, any part of the profits of the Revenues given to the said 
 School ; but will do my best to improve and increase them, to 
 the best advantage of the School, School-masters, and Ushers,
 
 662 LANCASTER. [HAWKSHEAD. 
 
 in perpetuity, and to such ends only as are set down in the 
 Foundation, and in these present Statutes, and no other use." 
 
 This Oath is to be taken in the presence of The Bishop 
 of Chester, and the Schoolmaster. 
 
 The pious Founder endowed the School with a Dwel- 
 ling-house, Out-houses, and a Customary tenement ad- 
 joining thereto in the Manor of Hawkshead; and also 
 with lands and houses in or near Wakefield and Doncaster, 
 in the County of York, and some Ground-rents in Kendal, 
 in the County of Westmorland. 
 
 The principal Estate belonging to the School, is near 
 Doncaster, which was let upon a lease for 42 years ; but, 
 it is believed, that this lease will expire in about six or 
 seven years, when a considerable advance of Rent is ex- 
 pected. 
 
 The Estate near Wakefield was sold some years since, 
 and the money laid out to greater advantage in the pur- 
 chase of an Estate in, the Parish of Hawkshead. 
 
 The School is open to all boys of the Parish indiscrimin- 
 ately, free of expense. The number has sometimes been 
 One Hundred and upwards ; but at present there are only 
 about Fifty Scholars, consisting partly of Parishioners, and 
 partly of Strangers. 
 
 Children are admitted at any age, provided they can 
 read English tolerably well. If they come out of the Pa- 
 rish, it is expected that they pay about Two guineas En- 
 trance, and a like sum every year at Shrovetide, called 
 their " Cock^penny" which is all the Charge that is made for 
 their education ; except writing and arithmetic, for which 
 they pay about 8 or 1 0*. per Quarter. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are now used here : and the sys- 
 tem of Education is nearly the same as at all other public 
 Schools. 
 
 There are no University advantages, nor Church Prefer- 
 ments, belonging to this School.
 
 HAWKSHEAD.] LANCASTER. 663 
 
 The Boys generally continue at the School, until they 
 can be admitted at The University, or are of age to enter 
 into Holy Orders. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. THOMAS BOWMAN, 
 late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, " which Office 
 he has filled for upwards of THIRTY YEARS."" His Salary is 
 about 160. per annum, exclusive of Entrance money, and 
 the Cock-penny : out of which the Governors oblige him 
 to pay the Usher 50. a year, and to keep the School, 
 School-house, and other buildings, fences, &c., in substan- 
 tial repair. 
 
 The Master does not take Pupils into his own house. 
 The boys are usually boarded with some respectable family 
 in or near the Village, and have every necessary comfort 
 and accommodation at Twenty-two guineas a year, includ- 
 ing washing, mending of Stockings, &c. An Extra charge 
 is made for fire and candles. 
 
 On the 19th of August, 1717, The Revd. THOMAS 
 SANDYS, Curate of St. Martin's in The Fields, and Lectu- 
 rer of St. James's Westminster, by his Will of that date, 
 gave a good Collection of Books to the School. To this 
 collection considerable additions have been made, at differ- 
 ent times, by young Gentlemen admitted at Cambridge 
 .from hence. The Scholars are allowed the use of these 
 Books, by paying about 5*. yearly; which money is judi- 
 ciously expended in the purchase of new Publications. 
 
 In 1816, The Revd. WILLIAM WILSON, Vicar of More- 
 ton, in the County of Essex, and late Fellow of St. John's 
 Cambridge, out of respect to the place of his Education, gave 
 100. Sterling, directing the Interest of it to be distributed 
 yearly in PRIZES, to those who have made the greatest profi- 
 ciency in CLASSICAL Learning, to the best DECLAIMEKS 
 in English, or to be laid out in BOOKS for the use of the 
 School, at the discretion of the Master. 
 
 There are EIGHT GOVERNORS, who have the general
 
 66*4 LANCASTER. [HAWKSHEAD. 
 
 management of the concerns of the School. The present 
 GOVERNORS are, 
 
 MYLES SANDYS, Esq., Graythwaite Hall. 
 
 WILLIAM FELL, Esq., Diversion. 
 
 WILLIAM TAYLOR, Esq., Colthouse. 
 
 MATTHEW HODGSON, Esq., Colthouse. 1 
 
 MICHAEL KNOTT, Esq., Water-Head House. 
 
 JAMES PENNY MACHELL, Esq., Hollow Oak. 
 
 EDMUND WINSTANLEY RIGBY, Esq., Keen-Ground. 
 
 The Revd. GEORGE PARK, the present Minister of the 
 
 Parish of Hawkshead. 
 
 The Revd. Dr. WORDSWORTH, Domestic Chaplain to 
 The Archbishop of CANTERBURY, and many other eminent: 
 Divines have been educated at this School.
 
 LANCASTER.] LANCASTER. 665 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 IT is not certain when, or by whom, THE FREE GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL at LANCASTER was founded. 
 
 The Town and many of it's Records were three times 
 burnt : Twice by the Scots, on sudden Incursions, in 1322 
 and 1389 ; and once by a casual Fire, in 1698. The want 
 of Records, respecting the School, is attributed to the two 
 former disasters. 
 
 The Free School is mentioned in some books belonging to 
 The Corporation, so early as the year 1495 ; and they appear 
 to have repaired it, at different periods, out of their Re- 
 venues. 
 
 It was in great decay in 1683, when JAMES PILKINGTON, 
 Bishop of Durham, and The Corporation, subscribed liber- 
 ally, and with the assistance of other benevolent Individuals 
 in the Town and Neighbourhood, raised a sufficient sum of 
 money to rebuild the School, which is capable of holding 
 ONE HUNDRED and TWENTY boys with ease. It consists 
 of two Stories. The Upper Story is appropriated to the 
 Master, who teaches writing and arithmetic : and The 
 Lower one to the Head Master, and Usher. There is also 
 a Room allotted to a Library, in which there are now about 
 300 volumes, consisting of Divinity, History, British Clas- 
 sics, &c. : this Library was originally established by The 
 Corporation ; but, of late years, considerable additions have 
 been made by the laudable example of young Gentlemen, 
 who could afford it, making a donation of an useful book or 
 a set of books, on leaving the School. The Usher has the 
 charge of the Library. 
 
 Since about the year 1600, The Corporation have appro- 
 priated the Rent of a piece of ground in the Town for the 
 increase of The Usher's Salary ; which had most probably
 
 666 LANCASTER. [LANCASTER. 
 
 been granted originally to them by some Duke of Lancaster, 
 for in the year 1415, King HENRY the Fifth, or his officers, 
 brought a Quo Warranto against The Corporation to try by 
 what Title they held it, and they proved a Grant of it which 
 was allowed, but the Proceedings are so injured by time, that 
 it is not now legible by whom the Grant was originally made. 
 This ground was formerly called " The Deep Carr" but for 
 many years past kt The Usher's Meadow ,-" it contains about 
 two acres, and is now let for 14. per annum. 
 
 In the year 1615, RANDAL CARTER, a Tallow Chandler, 
 in the Parish of St. Saviour, Southwark, charged certain 
 Houses in White-Cross Street, London, by his Will, with 
 \Q.per annum for ever, to be paid to The Usher of Lan- 
 caster Free School, where he had been educated. This 10. 
 per annum was paid until within about Twelve years past ; 
 since then it has been discontinued, and cannot be recovered, 
 as it is said the property on which it is charged, cannot be 
 identified. Mr. CARTER also left 10. or 20. per annum 
 out of the same estate, to The Free School of Saint Saviour, 
 and which the Trustees thereof have been unable to recover 
 for the same reason. The Corporation of Lancaster have 
 ever since liberally paid The Usher 10. per annum in 
 lieu of that which was bequeathed by Mr. CARTER. 
 
 The following are the RULES and REGULATIONS of THE 
 
 SCHOOL : 
 
 Lancaster, 25th Feby. 18O2. 
 Rules and Regulations hereafter to be punctually observed 
 in the Free Grammar School within the Borough of Lan- 
 caster, being under the Patronage of The Corporation 
 of Lancaster, viz., 
 1st, That the School shall be open to any Boy, who is able to 
 read English pretty well. 
 
 2nd, That both the Masters shall teach Latin and English 
 promiscuously as they shall be requested; the former to be 
 .taught grammatically, as well as the latter. 
 
 3d, That Seven shillings and Sixpence be paid for every son 
 of a Non-Freeman. 
 
 4th, That the Scholars shall be divided between the two Mas-
 
 LANCASTER.] LANCASTER. 667 
 
 ters, in such proportions as may be most proper and agreed upon 
 between them. 
 
 5th, That the School be ranged into Classes, and that every 
 new Scholar take his place, according to his progress in learn- 
 ing, abilities, &c. 
 
 6th, That the Masters shall exchange sides on Tuesday in 
 every week, and that Friday in every week be set apart for hear- 
 ing over what they have said on preceding Days, and every 
 Saturday forenoon for the repetition and application of Gram- 
 mar. 
 
 7th, That the School hours during Summer (viz., from the 
 first day of April to the first day of October) shall be from -Sir 
 in the Morning until Eight in the Morning, from Nine in the 
 Morning till Twelve at Noon, and from Two to Five in the After- 
 noon : And in the Winter, from Eight to Twelve in the Fore- 
 noon, and from One to Four in the Afternoon. And that Prayers 
 be read (as heretofore hath been accustomed) every morning, 
 the first thing so soon as both Masters are present ; and it is 
 expected, that they will be punctual in their attendance. 
 
 8th, That Perquisites, called Cock-pennies shall be given to 
 the Masters at Shrovetide only ; and since there is no Quarter- 
 age at all paid by Freemen's children, and only a small one by 
 Non-freemen's, it is hoped these circumstances will be then con- 
 sidered, and also at the entrance of every new Scholar. 
 
 9th, That the Cock-pennies shall in future be divided between 
 the Masters in manner following, that is to say, seven twelfths 
 thereof to the High Master, and five twelfths thereof to the 
 Usher. 
 
 10th, That the vacation times be a week at Shrovetide, a week 
 at Easter, three weeks at Whitsuntide, and a month at Christ- 
 mas, besides the usual Saints Days, and every Thursday and 
 Saturday Afternoon. 
 
 llth, That some part of each Saint Day, and other times occa- 
 sionally, be set apart for the instructing the Scholars in the 
 Church Catechism, Morality, and the Principles of the Christian 
 Religion. 
 
 Revised and Settled by us the undersigned, being a Committee 
 appointed for that purpose. 
 
 JAS. PARKINSON, Mayor. 
 ROBERT ADDISON. 
 RICHARD JOHNSON. 
 THOS. BURROW, 1 ,, .,. 
 
 -prr TT fBaillffS, 
 
 W. HOUSMAN, 3 
 JN. TAYLOR WILSON. 
 Added by Order of Council of 3d August, 1803, 
 
 RICHARD ATKINSON.
 
 668 LANCASTER. [LANCASTER. 
 
 12th, That the Usher for the time being shall be the Librarian, 
 and have the care and management of the Library in this School, 
 which has lately been considerably enlarged, and that he be 
 responsible for the Books belonging to the same, and that the 
 old Usher do deliver the Books and a correct Catalogue thereof 
 to every succeeding Usher. 
 
 The Sons of Freemen of the Borough, whether they re- 
 side in or out of the Borough, pay nothing for their Educa- 
 tion, except that the Gratuity, called a " Cock-penny" is 
 expected to be given at Shrovetide. The Sons of Non-Free- 
 men pay 7*- 6d. per Quarter, while under the Second 
 Master ; and 10*.. 6d., while under the Head Master. All 
 boys pay 5*. on Entrance, which is divided between the two 
 Masters equally. The average number of boys, during the 
 last seven years, has been about Sixty-five ; about Forty of 
 whom are taught by the Usher. The Scholars are of a 
 mixed sort : the sons of Merchants and Tradesmen of the 
 Town forming a considerable Majority. They stay in the 
 School as long as their Parents please to allow them. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used : and the 
 System of Education is the same as is followed in other great 
 Schools ; with the addition of English Grammar, History, 
 and Geography. Those boys who learn writing and arith- 
 metic, attend the Master a part of each day. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advant- 
 ages belonging to this School ; neither is there a Common 
 Seal. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOHN BEETHOM, 
 M. A., whose Salary is '70. per annum, paid by The Cor- 
 poration. He also receives Seven twelfths of the Cock- 
 pennies collected at Shrovetide, half of the Quarterage money 
 paid for the sons of Non-Freemen of the Town, and half of 
 the Entrance money. 
 
 The present Usher is, The Revd. GEORGE MOELAND, 
 whose Salary is JE54. per annum, vis., 30. from The Cor- 
 poration, 10. from The Corporation, formerly paid out
 
 LANCASTER.] LANCASTER. 669 
 
 of Mr. CARTER'S Estate, and the Rent of the Meadow 
 14. ; together with Five twelfths of the Cock-pennies, half 
 of the Quarterage money, and half of the Entrance money. 
 
 The Corporation allow The Writing Master a Salary of 
 20. per annum ; and he charges all boys 10*. per Quar- 
 ter for Arithmetic, and 7*- Gd. per Quarter for Writing. 
 
 Neither of the Masters takes Pupils ; as they have so 
 many Scholars, that they could scarcely attend to them. 
 They have, however, two or three young Gentlemen occa- 
 sionally a short time before they go to The University, but 
 not often. 
 
 The Author has great pleasure in expressing his grati- 
 tude, for the description of this truly respectable and useful 
 Seminary, to the obliging kindness of JOHN TAYLOK WIL- 
 SON, Esq., the present Mayor of Lancaster.
 
 670 LANCASTER. [LEY LAND. 
 
 LEYLAND, near CHORLEY. 
 
 THE small GRAMMAR SCHOOL at LEYLAND is entitled to an 
 annual Stipend of 3..l7-10-j which was granted by Queen 
 ELIZABETH for a Master, and is now paid out of the Reve- 
 nues of The Duchy of Lancaster ; But when, or by whom 
 it was founded is not known. 
 
 The whole Stipend at present is under 20., and arises 
 chiefly from Interest of money that has been since given 
 to it.
 
 LIVERPOOL.] LANCASTER. 671 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at LIVERPOOL was founded 
 on the Dissolution of the Chantries in this Church, and 
 endowed with JE10..13..3. per annum, now payable out of 
 the Land Revenues of the Crown. 
 
 This School has been wholly " discontinued since the 
 death of the late Master, Mr. JOHN BAINES, an excellent 
 Scholar, 11 about ten years ago. 
 
 But the Corporation have a plan at present under consi- 
 deration, to revive this ancient Seminary, and thus to give 
 additional splendour to this flourishing Town. 
 
 i
 
 672 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at MANCHESTER was found- 
 ed, some time prior to the 1 6th year of HENRY the 8th, by 
 HUGH OLDHAM, a native of OldJtam, in the County Pala- 
 tine of Lancaster, and Bishop of EXETER, who died in 
 1519; and being (in consequence of not abiding by the 
 decision of the Pope, in a dispute in which he had been 
 engaged with the Abbot of Tavistock) excommunicated at 
 his death, was buried in the wall of a Chapel which he had 
 himself built, and annexed to the Cathedral of Exeter. 
 
 This eminent Prelate is said to have been as great an 
 enemy to Monkish Superstition, as he was friendly to 
 Learning. Brasen-Nose, and Corpus Christi* Colleges, in 
 Oxford, shared in his bounty, as well as Manchester when 
 he founded this celebrated School; and being himself Presi- 
 dent of the latter College, he vested the appointment of the 
 Two Masters of the School in his Successors, and in case of 
 a lapse, then in The Warden of the College of Christ in 
 Manchester. 
 
 Certain Water CORN MILLS, called " Manchester Mills? 
 situate in the Town of Manchester upon the river Irke, 
 with the Toll of those Mills, And also a FULLING MILL 
 there situate upon the same river, And also certain mes- 
 suages, lands, and tenements, situate in Manchester, and 
 in Ancoats in the County of Lancaster, for the support of 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, were conveyed to Twelve Trus- 
 
 * His effigy is preserved in the Quadrangle of Corpus Christi 
 College. There was formerly one also at the upper end of the 
 School, which, HOLLINGWORTH says, was newly painted and 
 adorned in his time, but was pulled down by some Parliamentary 
 Soldiers, whose rage was excited by the Episcopal habiliments.
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 673 
 
 tees, on the 1st of April, 1524, by HUGH BEXWYKE, Clerk, 
 and JOHANNE BEXWYKE, widow, from whom it appears 
 they had been leased, or purchased, (for it is not very clear 
 which) by the Executors of the good Bishop's Will.* 
 
 The following is a Copy of the Indenture of Feoffinent: 
 
 " To all People to whom this present Writing indented shall 
 come, hear, read or see, HUGH BEXWIK, Clerk, and JOHAXNE 
 BEXWYKE, WIDOW, sendeth greeting in Our Lord God ever- 
 lasting. That where the Right Revd. Father in God, HUGH 
 OLDOME, late Bishop of Exeter deceased, considering that the 
 bringing up of Children in their adolescency, and to occupy 
 them in good learning and manners from and out of idleness is 
 the chief cause to advance knowledge and learning them when 
 they shall come to the age of virility, or whereby they may the 
 better know, love, honour and dread God and his laws. And 
 for that, that the liberal science or art of Grammar is the ground 
 and fountain of all the other liberal arts and sciences, which 
 source and spring out of the same, without which science the 
 other cannot perfectly be had, for science of Grammar is the 
 Gate by the which all other been learned and known in diversity 
 of tongues and speeches. Wherefore the said late Revd. Father, 
 for the good mind which he had and bore to the Country of Lan- 
 cashire, considering the bringing up in learning, virtue, and good 
 manners, Children in the same Country, should be the key and 
 ground to have good people there, which hath lacked and 
 wonted in the same, as well for great poverty of the common 
 people there, as also, by cause of long time passed, the teaching 
 and bringing up of young Children to School, to the learning 
 of Grammar, hath not be taught there for lack of sufficient 
 Schoolmaster and Usher ; then so that the Children in the same 
 Country having pregnant wits, have been most parte brought 
 up rudely and idly, and not in virtue, cunning, erudition, lite- 
 rature, in good manners, and for the said good and charitable 
 deeds by the said late Bishop, purposed and intended as is be- 
 fore said, in the same Shire, hereafter to be had, seen, used, 
 and done, that is to say, for Grammar there to be taught for 
 ever, the said late Bishop of his good and liberal disposition, at 
 his great costs and charges, hath within the Town of Manches- 
 ter, in the County of Lancaster, builded an House joining to 
 
 * The original Conveyance from HUGH and JOIIANNE BEX- 
 WYKE exists both in Latin and English, and is now in the pos- 
 session of the present High Master. 
 
 VOL. i. X x
 
 674 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 The College of Manchester in the West party, and the Water 
 called Irke of the North party, and the Way going from tne 
 said College into a Street called " Mill Gate" in the South 
 party, and a Stone Chimney of GEORGE TRAFFORD of the East 
 party, for a Free School there to be kept for evermore, and to 
 be called " MANCHESTER SCHOOL." -And over and above that, 
 for the same intent and purpose, he, as well at his more further 
 expenses and charges, purchased a certain Lease of many years 
 which are yet to come of the CORN MILLS of Manchester, with 
 all the appurtenances, and also caused other Lands and Te- 
 nements in Manchester before said, called " ANCOTES," and a 
 Burgage in Mill Gate, to be disposed and converted to and for 
 the use of the continuance of teaching and learning, to be had, 
 taught, and continued in the same School for ever, as hereafter 
 is declared and specified. And also for the further and sure 
 continuance and maintenance of the same School and Learning 
 therein to be taught and had, We, the aforesaid HUGH and 
 JOHANNE, and at our cost and charges, have purchased to the 
 same use and intent, and conveyed a state to us and our heirs, 
 and to one RALPH HULME now deceased, all the Mills, lands, 
 tenements, rents, reversions, services, and hereditaments con- 
 tained and specified in the Charter to this Schedule indented, 
 annexed, expressed, contained, declared, and comprised, 
 Whereupon, We, the said HUGH BEXWICK and JOHANNE, for 
 the accomplishment of the said good and ghostly purpose be- 
 fore expressed, have, by our said Charter indented, hereunto 
 annexed, given and granted all and singular the same Mills, 
 lands, tenements, and other the premises, with their appurte- 
 nances, to the within named LEWIS POLLARD, Knight, ANTOJ?Y 
 FITZHERBERT, Justice and Knight, WILLIAM CARTENEY, Knight, 
 THOMAS DENYS, Knight, ALEXANDER RADCLIFF, Knight, 
 JOHN BERON, Knight, EDMUND TRAFFORD, RICHARD ASSHE- 
 TON, THURSTAN TILDESLEY, ROBERT LANGLEY, RICHARD HOL- 
 LAND of Denton, JOHN REDDICHE of Reddiche, Esquires, and to 
 their heirs and assigns, to the use and intent hereafter declared 
 and specified, that is to witt That they, their heirs and assigns 
 for ever, as long as the World shall endure, shall stand and be 
 thereof seized to the use and intent herein specified, and shall 
 perform, execute, fulfil, and observe, and cause to be performed, 
 executed, fulfilled, and observed, all and every acts, ordinances, 
 provisions, constitutions, articles, appointments, and agree- 
 ments, hereafter ensuing, by us the said HUGH BEXWYK and 
 JOHANNE, and our Council, made and devised, specified and 
 contained in the said Schedule indented, for the good mainte- 
 nance, sustentation, and sure continuance of the same Grammar 
 School to endure for evermore, that is to say,
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 675 
 
 first, The said LEWIS and other his Feoffees before said, their 
 heirs and assigns, of the issues, revenues, and profits coming, 
 rising, and growing of the said Mills, lands, tenements, and 
 other the premises contained and specified in the said Deeds 
 indented, the said School-house, called ''MANCHESTER SCHOOL," 
 sufficiently shall repair, sustain, maintain, or cause to be re- 
 paired, sustained, and maintained for evermore in covering, 
 walling, and such other, as by the discretion of The Warden of 
 the said College of Manchester or his Deputy and the Church 
 Wardens of the said College Church, for the time being, shall 
 be thought necessary: 
 
 Item, within the same School nor Library of the same, by 
 night, or by day, any other arts, things, plays, or other occupa- 
 cions be had or used in them, or any of them, but all ways kept 
 honest and cleanly, as it beseemeth a School or a Library j 
 and that after the cleanest manner, without any lodging there of 
 any School-master, or of any Usher, or other of them, or of any 
 other person or persons : 
 
 Item, that the said School be weekly, once in the week, made 
 clean by Two poor Scholars of the same house, thereunto as- 
 signed by The High Master for the time being, or, in his ab- 
 sence, by the Usher. The same poor Scholars therefore to 
 have of every Scholar, at his first admitting, One Penny Sterl- 
 ing ; and therefore to write in a several Book all the names 
 of Scholars that do come into the same School, as Scholar, 
 and that book and books thereof always to be kept, and every 
 third year to be delivered to The Warden of the said College of 
 Manchester or his Deputy, to the intent that therein may and 
 shall always appear, which have been brought up in the same 
 School, and so they to have Exhibitions to Oxford or Cambridge, 
 as hereafter is expressed : 
 
 Item, if there be Sickness infective, as Pestilence universal, 
 the School to be left for the time being, by the discretion of the 
 Warden of Manchester College for the time being, or his De- 
 puty. And if such sickness continue by the space of Twelve 
 weeks whole, so that the Master and Usher there teach not 
 usually by the same space, then the Master and Usher, every 
 of them, to have but half the said wages for that time. And if 
 it continue the half year, they to have in like manner. And if 
 it continue by the space of Twelve months so, then they to 
 have 6. .13. .4., and no more, that to be divided between them, 
 according to their portions of wages. And the rest of their 
 said wages then to go to the Store Chest, set and ordained to 
 keep the money and receipts of the said lands, tenements, and 
 acts, concerning the naming of the School-master and Usher, 
 and their Ordinances:
 
 676 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 Item, the said HUGH BEXWYK and JOHANNE BEXWIKE, during 
 their life and the longer liver of them, shall name, chuse, and 
 elect a convenient person and School-master, single man, Priest 
 or not Priest, so that he be no Religious man,* being a man 
 honest of his living and whole of body, as not being vexed or 
 infect with any continual Infirmity or disease, and having suffi- 
 cient Literature and Learning to be a School-master, and able 
 to teach children Grammar, after the School use, manner, and 
 form of the School of BANBURY, in Oxfordshire, now there 
 taught, which is called " STANBRIDGE Grammar," or after such 
 School use, manner, as in time to come shall be ordained 
 universally throughout all the Province of Canterbury : 
 
 Item, the said HUGH and JOHANNE, during their life as before 
 said, shall name, chuse, and elect a convenient Usher, in like 
 manner as they do elect and name the above said High Master : 
 
 Item, after the death of the same HUGH and JOHANNE, and 
 either of them, The President of CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE of 
 Oxford for the time being, and his Successors, shall within One 
 month after the death or departure of every Schoolmaster and 
 Usher, and either of them, name, able, elect, and chuse School- 
 master and Usher, and either of them, as before is expressed, 
 being a man honest and literate, not Regular, as he shall think 
 convenient. And if the said President do not name, elect, and 
 chuse the Master and Usher within the said Month, as is after 
 expressed, that then the said Warden or Deputy of the College 
 of Manchester, for the time being, shall, within One other Month 
 then next ensuing, name, able, elect, and chuse such Master and 
 Usher, and either of them, as before is in the first Chapter of the 
 Master, being a man honest and literate, as they shall think 
 convenient : 
 
 Item, that every Schoolmaster and Usher for ever, from time 
 to tune, shall teach freely and indifferently every Child and 
 Scholar coming to the same School, without any money or other 
 rewards taken therefore, as " Cock-penny, Victor-penny, Potation- 
 penny, " b or any other whatsoever it be, except only his said 
 Stipend and Wages hereafter specified : 
 
 Item, that the High Master and his Usher, for the time being, 
 
 a Of none of the Religious or Monastic Orders. 
 
 b Pretexts for perquisites to the Master. 
 
 It was the barbarous custom at Shr one-tide, for those boys 
 in THE MIDDLE SCHOOL to throw at a Cock, which was buried in 
 the ground up to the neck, hence " Cock-penny " was of great 
 importance to the Second Master, every boy making him a pre-
 
 MANCHESTER. LANCASTER. 677 
 
 if they be within Holy Orders, at every Festival day and double 
 Feast, being kept Holy-day in the year, yearly, be "at Divine 
 Service in their Surplice, in the Choir of The College of Man- 
 chester aforesaid, and be there at the Commandment of The 
 Warden of the said College, or his Deputy, for the time being : 
 
 Item, the High Master and the Usher, for the time being, 
 every Wednesday and Friday weekly, for ever, with their 
 Scholars, being and going two and two together, shall go in 
 procession solemnly before The Warden of the same College or 
 his Deputy, for the time being, and Fellows of the same, and 
 their Successors for ever, if they have any Procession for the 
 day, and every Scholar to say, if he able of learning, the common 
 Litany, with the suffrages following, ^and de Profundis for the 
 Soul of HUGH OLDOM, late Bishop of Exeter and Founder of 
 their School, his Father and Mother Souls, and for the Soul of 
 Sir RICHARD AXDERON, HENRY TRAFFORD and THOMASTN his 
 wife deceased, and for the souls of GEORGE TRAFFORD of The 
 Garrett, and MARGARET his wife, then next and immediately 
 ensuing, when and what time it shall please God Almighty of 
 his Mercy and Grace to call for the said GEORGE and MARGARET, 
 or either of them, and for the Souls of HUGH BEXWYKE, Clerk, 
 and JOHANNE BEXWIKE, widow, special Benefactors of the said 
 School, when and what time it shall please God Almighty of his 
 Mercy and Grace to call for the said HUGH and JOHANNE, or 
 either of them, and for the Souls of all the Feoffees and Bene- 
 factors to the maintenance of the same School at that day 
 departed, and all Christian Souls, and for the good prosperity of 
 the Feoffees and Benefactorers then being in life : 
 
 Item, that no High Master, or Usher, be expelled or removed 
 against his will from the said School, and office of High Master 
 or Usher, except it be for his or their miss living, or insufficient 
 attending or teaching the Scholars there, or having any sickness 
 or disease incurable, as Pox, Leprosy, or such other great offences 
 or sicknesses, which be and shall be reserved to the discretion 
 id order of the Warden of the College Church of Manchester 
 foresaid, for the time being, or his Deputy : 
 
 Item, every Schoolmaster, and Usher, in form aforesaid elect 
 
 sent at that time : A dinner was given upon this occasion by him 
 to the Scholars and some of their Friends. 
 
 Nutt Money was in like manner presented at Michaelmas to 
 The High Master. 
 
 But all these Perquisities were abolished, when the present 
 Two principal Masters were appointed.
 
 673 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER . 
 
 and chosen T within One month of his said election or putting in 
 to the said office, shall, before The Warden of the said College 
 of Manchester, or, in his absence, before his Deputy of the same 
 College, swear upon the Evangelist, that he shall diligently and 
 indifferently teach, and correct all and every the said Scholars of 
 the same School, for the time being, all fraud, guile, and deceit 
 in that behalf only laid apart : 
 
 Item, the Master, or Usher, which of them cometh first into 
 the School in the Morning, say openly with the Scholars there, 
 this Psalm, " Deus miseratur nostri" with a Collect, as they use 
 in Churches Dominical days, and every Night, in such like 
 manner, the Master or Usher to sing Anthem of Our Blessed 
 Lady, and say " de Profundis " for the soul of the late Bishop of 
 Exeter, HUGH OLDOM, Founder of that School, his Father and 
 Mother, and for the souls of Sir RICHARD ARDERON, HENRY 
 TRAFFORD, THOMASSYN his wife deceased, and for the souls of 
 GEORGE TRAFFORD of The Garrett, and MARGARET his wife, 
 then next and immediately ensuing, when and what time it 
 shall please Almighty God of his Mercy and' Grace to call for 
 the said GEORGE and MARGARET, or either of them, and for all 
 the souls of the Feoffees and Benefactors of the same departed, 
 and all Christian Souls, and to say in audible voice in the 
 School, before the beginning of " de Profundis," in this manner, 
 for the soul of HUGH OLDOM, late Bishop of Exeter, Founder of 
 our School, and his Father and Mother souls, and for the souls 
 of GEORGE TRAFFORD and MARGARET his wife, and for all the 
 souls that they be bounden to pray for, and for all the Bene- 
 factors souls, and all Christian souls " de Profundis :" 
 
 Item, that no High Master, nor Usher, leave or depart from 
 the said School, except he thereof give openly knowledge to the 
 Warden or his Deputy, and openly in the School before the 
 Scholars, by the space of Fourteen weeks before his or their 
 departure, or else to leave and lose his or their Quarter wages 
 that so departeth : 
 
 Item, the said High Master, nor his Usher, shall grant no 
 licence to the Scholars thereto play, or depart from their School 
 and Learning, except it be by the consent of the Warden or 
 Deputy of the said College of Manchester, for the tune being, 
 and then to play honest games, and convenient for youth, and 
 all together and in one place, to use their Latin tongue : 
 
 Item, the said High Master, and Usher, to continue teaching 
 in their Schools before every Feast, unto four days next before 
 every Feast, as Easter and Christmas : 
 
 Item, every High Master, and Usher, shall take yearly only 
 Twenty days to sport them, at one time or sundry times, as they 
 be not both absent at one time :
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 679 
 
 Item, that if the High Master be sick of sickness incurable, 
 or fall into such age that he may not conveniently teach, and 
 hath been a man that long and laudably hath taught in the said 
 School, then he to have of the Surplusage and Store belonging 
 to the same School, yearly, 4. Sterling : 
 
 Item, in like manner the Usher to have, yearly, Four marks : 
 
 Item, if the High Master be sick of sickness curable, the 
 Usher to help him, and to take the more pain upon him, and 
 also to have for his said pain, by the discretion of the said 
 Warden or Deputy of the said College of Manchester, of the 
 wages of the said High Master. And in like wise, if the said 
 Usher be sick, then the High Master to take more pain in 
 teaching the Scholars, and to have part of the wages of the said 
 Usher, by the discretion of the Warddh of the said College, or 
 his Deputy : 
 
 Item, the High Master, for the time being, shall always 
 appoint one of his Scholars, as he thinketh best, to instruct and 
 teach in the one end of the School, all Infants that shall come 
 there to learn their ABC Primer, and sorts till they being in 
 Grammar, and every month to chuse another new Scholar so to 
 teach Infants. And if any Scholar refuse so to teach Infants at 
 the commandment of the said High Master, or, in the absence 
 of the High Master, at the commandment of the Usher for the 
 time being, the same Scholar so refusing, to be banished the 
 same School for ever ; 
 
 Item, the Usher being well literatured, and honest of his 
 living, shall have the High Master's room and office whenever 
 it is void, before any other, if he be able in learning : 
 
 Item, if it happen the High Master and Usher to be both sick 
 at once, and of sickness curable, as Agues and such other, then 
 they to hire one sufficient after the use aforesaid, to teach for 
 them, and they to pay his wages, that is to say, portionably after 
 their wages, the High Master more than the Usher or Sur- 
 Master, after the discretion of The Warden, or his Deputy. 
 
 ACTS and ORDINANCES concerning THE SCHOLARS. 
 
 Item, There shall be no Scholar ne Infant OF WHAT COUNTRY 
 OR SHIRE SOEVER HE BE OF, being man child, BE REFUSED, 
 except he have some horrible or contagious infirmity infective, 
 as Pox, Leprosy, Pestilence for the tune being, or- such other 
 Infirmities, which be and shall be always remitted to the discre- 
 tion of the Warden or Deputy of Manchester College, for the 
 time being : 
 
 Item, every Scholar within the same School shall be obedient 
 to help the Schoolmaster and Usher, for the time being, for the 
 correction lawfully of any Scholar or Scholars of the same
 
 680 LANC ASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 School, at the commandment of the Schoolmaster or Usher for 
 the time being : 
 
 Item, no Scholar there being at School wear any dagger, 
 hanger, or other weapon invasive, nor bring into the School, 
 staff or bat, except their meat knife : 
 
 Item, that no Scholar there make any affray within the same 
 School upon the Master, the Usher, or upon any other Scholar 
 of the same School, upon pain of leaving off his said School by 
 one month, And if any Scholar there make two frays as above 
 is said, then to leave the same School by the space of two 
 months, And if any make the third, he to be banished the 
 same School for ever without any favour: 
 
 Item, The Scholars of the same School shall use no Cock-fight, 
 nor other unlawful games', and riding about for Victors or other 
 Disports had in these parts, which be to the great let of learning 
 and virtue, and to charge and costs of the Scholars and of their 
 friends : 
 
 Item, that every Scholar of the same School be at the said 
 School in the Morning, betwixt Michaelmas and Easter, before 
 seven of the Clock, and between Easter and Michaelmas, at sic 
 of the clock, except such as come daily far to their learning, 
 which shall come to the School at such an hour as shall be limit- 
 ed to them by the Master, according to the distance of the place 
 that they come from : 
 
 Item, that the Master, or Usher, be in the School at the hour 
 limited to the Scholars : 
 
 Item, every Scholar pay at his first admitting, and writing in 
 of his name in the Book of Scholars, One Penny Sterling, and 
 not above, that always to be paid to the Two poor Children for 
 the time being, which keep the Book of Scholars' names, and 
 make clean the School, as is before rehearsed : 
 
 Item, that no Scholar shall bring meat or drink into the 
 School, nor there to use their meat and drink, but always, if any 
 such poor Scholars there be, that for their great poverty bring 
 their meat and drink with them, they to go to some house in 
 the Town, and there to eat and drink, and so to resort again to 
 the School. 
 
 Item, that if any Scholar of the same School go from and 
 forsake the same, and repair to any other School, and after 
 return again to the same School, he to be taken again for one time, 
 but, at the second departure, he to be excluded and banished the 
 same School for ever without any favour. 
 
 Item, that the Schoolmaster, and Usher, shall cause all Scho- 
 lars, being learned in Grammar, at all times to use to speak their 
 Latin tongue within the School, and all other places convenient.
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 681 
 
 ACTS for the WAGES of THE SCHOOLMASTER and USHER. 
 Item, the said HUGH and JOHANNE, and either of them longest 
 living, with the issues and profits of the above named Mills, 
 lands, tenements, reversions, and services, called " MANCHESTER 
 MILLS," shall by them, or their sufficient Deputy, pay or cause 
 to be paid yearly, without fraud, guile, delay, or deceit at the 
 Feasts of Easter, the Nativity of Saint John Baptist, Saint Mi- 
 chael the Archangel, and the Nativity of Our Lord, by equal 
 portions, '10. Sterling, that is to say, at every of the Feasts 
 aforesaid, 5Os. to the High Master there for the tune being teach- 
 ing: 
 
 Item, that the saidHcon and JOHANNE in like manner shall pay 
 or cause to be paid of the issues and profits aforesaid, yearly, 
 .5. Sterling to the Usher, Sur-Master there, for the time being 
 teaching, that is to say, at every of the Feasts aforesaid, 25s. 
 Sterling : 
 
 Item, after the death of the same HUGH and JOHANNE, the 
 within named LEWIS POLLARD, Knight, ANTONY FITZHERBERT, 
 Justice, WILLIAM COURTENEY, Knight, THOMAS DENYS, Knight, 
 ALEXANDER RADCLIFFE, Knight, JOHN BERON, Knight, EDMUND 
 TRAFFORD, RICHARD ASHTON, THURSTAN TILDESLEY, ROBERT 
 LANGLEY, RICHARD HOLLAND, and JOHN REDDICHE, and their 
 heirs, by them or by their sufficient Deputy, shall with the is- 
 sues and profits aforesaid pay, or cause to be paid the Wages 
 yearly of the High Master and Usher, in manner and form as is 
 aforesaid, for 'ever : 
 
 Item, that if any man being High Master, or Usher Sur-Master, 
 for any time being, happen to die before the Quarter payment, 
 as is aforesaid, then the same Master, or Usher Sur-Master, his 
 executors or assigns that so shall happen to die, shall be paid 
 after the rate and time of his death, as the same Quarter wages 
 will amount : 
 
 Item, in like manner the High Master, or Sur-Master, that 
 happen to come and teach in the same School before the Quarter, 
 he to have after the rate of his Quarter wages, for his coming 
 and teaching before the Quarter : 
 
 Item, the Wages of the Receiver of the lands, concerning the 
 same school, shall be 20s. yearly, to be paid at Michaelmas, 
 when he maketh his accompts, and not otherwise. 
 
 ACTS for THE FEOFFEES. 
 
 Item, when it shall happen the said Feoffees to die to the 
 number of Four, then the same Four to make like Feofiment 
 and Articles in manner as this is, to TWELVE honest Gentlemen 
 and honest Persons within the same Parish of Manchester ; and 
 so they in like manner to make, from time to time, for ever, 
 when it cometh to the number of Four, to the use aforesaid :
 
 682 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 Item, the Feoffees, for the time being, shall make no manner 
 Lease or Estate of the said Mills, lands, or tenements belonging 
 to the same School, or any parcel thereof, above Ten years: 
 
 Item, The Abbot of Whalley, for the time being shall name 
 from time to time one substantial person dwelling within the 
 Parish of Manchester, putting in surety to be bounden to Two 
 of the said Feoffees, to make true accompts, and pay Quarterly 
 the Master and Usher, as is aforesaid, And also paying to the 
 Lords their rents due and accustomed, which shall receive the 
 rents and profits of all the whole lands concerning the same 
 School, which Receiver shall make his accompts for the said 
 receipt, and for all necessary reparations and payments done 
 there, once in the year at Manchester before the Warden of the 
 College or his Deputy, Two of the Feoffees, and the High 
 School-Master for the time being, if they can be at it, or Two 
 of these persons at the least, there to make a true accompt of 
 every thing, and true allowance ask upon his Oath, and bring 
 and deliver yearly the Surplusage above all wages, reparations, 
 and such other necessary expenses, the same Surplusage to be 
 by the Auditors aforesaid, there being present, put into a Chest 
 therefore made, remaining in the Vestry of the said College 
 of Manchester, whereof the Feoffees for the tune being shall 
 have one key, and the Master of the College for the time being 
 another, the Abbot of Whalley for the time being the third, the 
 High Schoolmaster for the time being the fourth key, so that 
 the said Chest in no wise may be opened, except fcll four keys 
 come together : 
 
 Item, the said Warden or Deputy, the Two Feoffees, and the 
 High Schoolmaster for the time being, for their pain in hearing 
 and viewing the said Recievor's accompts, shall have a Dinner 
 of 5s. charge among them that be present at the said Audit, 
 yearly : 
 
 Item, when it shall happen the Chest to be at Surplusage 
 the sum of 40. Sterling, the rest to be given to the Exhibition 
 of Scholars yearly at Oxford or Cambridge, which hath be 
 brought up in the said School of Manchester, and also only such 
 as study Art in the said Universities, and to such as lack Exhi- 
 bition, by the discretion of the said Warden or Deputy and 
 High Master for the time, so no one Scholar have yearly above 
 26s. .Sd. Sterling, And that till such time as he have promotion 
 by Fellowship of one College or Hall, or other Exhibition, to 
 the sum of seven marks : 
 
 Item, the Feoffees, for the tune being, shall pay of the Stock 
 being in the said Chest, all charges in the Law, if any happen 
 to be, for the defence of the lands of the said School or any 
 part thereof, And also shall pay the costs and charges of
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 683 
 
 making of new Feoffments and Acts, Ordinances, for the good 
 maintenance of the same when need shall require, as well to 
 substantial learned Counsel in the Law, Temporal and Spiritual, 
 as also for writing and engrossing of the same, with all other 
 necessary expenses belonging to the same : 
 
 Item, the Master and Fellows of the said College shall have 
 yearly for their good and safe looking to the same Chest, and 
 because it shall stand in their Vestry, the sum of 3s.. 4d. every 
 Michaelmas, yearly, to them and their Successors, for ever, be 
 truly contented and paid : 
 
 Item, notwithstanding those Statutes and Ordinances before 
 written, yet because in time to come many things may and shall 
 survive and grow by sundry occasions and causes which, at the 
 making of this present Acts, Ordinances, was not possible to 
 come to mind ; 
 
 In consideration whereof, we the said LEWIS, ANTONY, WIL- 
 LIAM, and other our Co-feoffees, trusting greatly to the fidelity 
 of the above named Feoffees and other hereafter to come, will, 
 that they hereafter from time to time when need shall require, 
 calling to them discreet learned Counsel and men of good Lite- 
 rature, they to have full power and authority to augment, in- 
 crease, expound, and reform all the said Acts, Ordinances, 
 Articles, Compositions and Agreements, only concerning the 
 Schoolmaster, Usher, and the Scholars for their and every of 
 their offices concerning the said Free School, for ever." 
 
 The Water Corn Mills were ancient Soke Mills, at which 
 Inhabitants of the Town of Manchester were bound by 
 lemorial custom, to grind their Corn, Grain, or Malt, 
 
 id to pay a twenty-fourth part thereof as a toll for grind- 
 ing the same, for the support of the School. 
 
 But, by an Act of Parliament passed in 1785, which re- 
 cites the custom, and that divers Suits had been commenced 
 and Decrees obtained in confirmation of it, the Inhabitants 
 were discharged from the obligation of grinding their Corn 
 and Grain, except Malt, at " The School Mills ;" and the 
 same discharge was confirmed, and put under certain regu- 
 lations.* 
 
 * During the dispute in 1737.. the following Epigram was 
 written by Mr. BYROM,
 
 684 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 These Mills, three in number, are situate upon the river 
 Irke, not far from it's confluence with the Irwell, The 
 HIGHEST of them is a Corn Mill, The LOWEST has been 
 employed in the manufacture of Smiff"and Pins, and for the 
 purpose of Fulling woollen cloth, both these Mills are let 
 to respectable Tenants, But the MIDDLE Mill, which is 
 used for grinding Malt, is retained in the hands of the 
 Feoffees of the School. According to the Act of 1785, it 
 grinds all the Malt, which is used in the Township of Man- 
 chester, the Inhabitants being obliged to send it there for 
 that purpose, paying 1*. per load of Six bushels. 
 
 This sum having been fixed at a time, when money was 
 much more valuable than it is at present, now bears no pro- 
 portion to the labour effected ; so that the Mill, originally 
 intended to be of benefit to the School only, is now of far 
 greater consequence to the Inhabitants of the Town. It is 
 this Tax upon grinding Malt, however, which has induced 
 the Public Brewers to settle themselves in the adjoining 
 Townships of Salford, Chetham, Ardwick, Chorlton Row, 
 and Hulme ; none of the Breweries being actually situate in 
 Manchester. 
 
 In addition to the Endowment it is said, that MARTIN 
 BERON, a Clothier, who realized a large property in Man- 
 chester, left a considerable sum towards the erection of The 
 Free School. 
 
 There is also an Annuity of 4..1..9. payable out of the 
 Duchy Rents to the Master, which was first granted when 
 his Salary was only 10. per annum. 
 
 From the profits of the Malt Mill, from the Rental of 
 the two other Mills, and several Houses, and from the In- 
 
 " Bone and Skin, two Millers thin, 
 " Would starve the Town, or near it ; 
 " But be it known to Skin and Bone, 
 " That Flesh and Blood won't bear it."
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 685 
 
 terest of money vested in the Funds, an Income of upwards 
 of 1600. per annum, is now received. 
 
 The property for the support of the School is vested in, 
 and is under the management of TWELVE TRUSTEES, 
 Gentlemen of the highest respectability, who have the satis- 
 faction in matured life, of testifying by their honourable at- 
 tention to the interests of the Establishment, the invaluable 
 benefits which they themselves may have derived from it 
 in their early days. 
 
 The following are the names of THE TRUSTEES, from the 
 15th of October, 1685 : 
 
 Sir RAPHE ASHETON. 
 
 EDM. TRAIFORD, Esq. 
 
 J. HULME, Esq. 
 
 WILLIAM HULME, Esq. 
 
 JAMES CHETHAM, Esq. 
 
 JAMES LIGHTBORN, Esq. 
 
 Jo. ARDERNE, Esq. 
 
 JOSHUA HoRDON, Esq. 
 
 Earl of WARRINGTON. 
 
 JAMES HOLTE, Esq. 
 
 HENRY HULTON, Esq. 
 
 Jo. ATHERTON, Esq. 
 
 PETER EGERTON, Esq. 
 
 SAMUEL CHETHAM, Esq. 
 
 P. LEGH, Esq. 
 
 Sir JOHN BLAND, Bart. 
 
 RICHARD ARDERNE, Esq. 
 
 JOHN WARREN, Esq. 
 
 ALEXANDER RADCLYFFE, Esq. 
 
 WILLIAM ASHTON, Esq. 
 
 Sir THOMAS GREY EGERTON, Bart. 
 
 Earl of BARRYMORE, who sat in the English Parliament 
 
 from 1714 to 1747, for Wigan. 
 ROBERT BOOTH, Esq. 
 Revd. JAMES BANKS. 
 ROBERT RADCLYFFE, Esq. 
 The Right Honble. JAMES Lord STRANGE. 
 Sir EDWARD EGERTON, Bart. 
 JOHN PARKER, Esq. 
 JOHN ARDERNE, Esq.
 
 680 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 1749. 
 
 ROBERT GWILLYM, Esq. 
 EDWARD GREAVES, Esq. 
 MILES LONSDALE, Esq. 
 
 From 1760 to 1772 are wanting. 
 R. V. GWILLYM, Esq. 
 
 Lord GREY de WILTON, afterwards Earl of WILTON. 
 P. AINSCOUGH, Esq. 
 WILLIAM EGERTON, Esq. 
 JOHN HOUGHTON, Esq. 
 SAMUEL EGERTON, Esq. 
 WILLIAM BANKS, Esq. 
 CHARLES FORD, Esq. 
 SAMUEL CLOWES, Junr., Esq. 
 Revd. CROXTON JOHNSON. 
 
 The present TRUSTEES are, 
 JOHN ARDEN, Esq., of Pepper Hall, Yorkshire. 
 Sir JOSEPH RADCLIFFE, Bart., of Mills-Bridge House, 
 
 Yorkshire. 
 
 Revd. THOMAS FOXLEY, M. A., Ratcliffe. 
 Sir ROBERT HOLT LEIGH, Bart, M. P. for Wigan, 
 
 Leigh Place, Lancashire. 
 THOMAS PARKER, Esq., Astle, Cheshire. 
 JOHN FORD, Esq., Abbey Field, Cheshire. 
 Revd. GEORGE HE-RON, M. A., Daresbury, Cheshire. 
 WILLIAM Fox, Esq., Manchester. 
 Revd. JOHN CLOWES, M. A., Fellow of Christ's Col- 
 lege, Manchester. 
 WILBRAHAM EGERTON, Esq. M. P. for Cheshire, Tat- 
 
 ton Park, Cheshire. 
 
 THOMAS WILLIAM TATTON, Esq., WiihinsTiaw, Che- 
 shire. 
 
 There is at present one vacancy, occasioned by the death 
 of JOHN ENTWISLE, Esq., of Foxlioles, Lancashire. 
 
 The Revd. THOMAS BLACKBURNE, LL.D., as Warden 
 of Christ's College, is the present VISITOR. 
 
 The present School, which was erected in the years 1 776 
 and 1777> upon the old foundations, is situate near The
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 68? 
 
 College Gates, in Long Millgate. It is a plain brick 
 building, with a large stone Medallion in front, upon which 
 is carved in alto relievo, an OWL, the Crest of THE FOUND- 
 ER, whose Arms are placed at one end of THE UPPER 
 SCHOOL-ROOM, which is 96 feet in length, and 30 feet in 
 breadth. It contains four fire-places, is extremely well 
 lighted by 26 large windows, and is furnished with desks 
 and seats, that bear evident marks of long service, by the 
 numberless initials of names which succeeding boys have 
 carved upon them. The Ceiling of this room is between 
 20 and 30 feet high, a circumstance greatly favourable to 
 the health of the Masters and the Scholars. This room is 
 appropriated solely to instruction in the higher Classics. 
 The number of Scholars in it has for the last ten years been 
 about 140, after the annual Remove. 
 
 THE LOWER SCHOOL is literally lower, being under a 
 part of the former, and about half it's size. English, and 
 the first rudiments of Latin, are taught in this School ; and 
 the boys are prepared in it for their reception into THE 
 UPPER SCHOOL. Before the establishment of the NATI- 
 ONAL and the LANCASTERIAN Schools in Manchester, 
 there were frequently 70 or 80 pupils in this room : but at 
 present the number is between 30 and 40. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used ; but 
 the system of Education is not in all respects similar to that 
 of ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 This School is remarkably rich in it's University ad 
 vantages. 
 
 There are ELEVEN EXHIBITIONS for Scholars from this 
 School at any College in either of the Universities, of 40. 
 a year each, which are paid from the School estate ; and 
 such of them as enter at BUASEN-NOSE COLLEGE, Oxford, 
 or ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, have always a good 
 chance of obtaining other valuable appointments. 
 
 The young men, who have been educated at this School,
 
 688 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 in turn with those of HEREFORD and MARLBOROUGH, have 
 a claim to SIXTEEN SCHOLARSHIPS in BRASEN-NOSE COL- 
 LEGE, Oxford, and to SIXTEEN SCHOLARSHIPS in ST. JOHN'S 
 COLLEGE, Cambridge, of different values, from lS. to 
 26. per annum, on the Foundation of SARAH Duchess of 
 SOMERSET, in 1679, and who died in 1692 : 
 
 The following is an Extract from Her Grace's Will, dated 
 the 17th of May, 1686, in the Registry of the Prerogative 
 Court of Canterbury .- 
 
 Also, I do will, direct, and appoint, that the before named 
 Sir SAMUEL GRIMSTON, and his Heirs, shall Settle, convey, and 
 assure by such lawful ways, means, and assurances as the said 
 HENRY Lord DELAMERE and Sir WILLIAM GREGORY, and the 
 survivor of them and his heirs, shall think necessary and conve- 
 nient for the doing thereof firmly and legally unto and upon the 
 Principal Fellows and Scholars of BRASEN-NOSE COLLEGE, in 
 the University of Oxford, and their Successors, for ever, All that 
 my Manor of Thornhill, with it's rights, members and appurte- 
 nances, in the said County of Wilts, and all Messuages, Farms, 
 Lands, Tenements, Meadows, Pastures, Woods, Rents, Com- 
 mons, Advantages, and Hereditaments whatsoever, unto the 
 said Manor belonging or any wise appertaining, or reputed or 
 taken to be part, parcel or member thereof, to be for ever used 
 and employed for the founding and maintaining of a further 
 number of SCHOLARS in the said College for ever, over and above 
 those that I have already founded there, in such sort, manner 
 and form as is hereinafter directed : 
 
 And also, I do likewise will, direct, and appoint, that the said 
 Sir WILLIAM GRIMSTONE, and his heirs, shall convey, settle, and 
 assure, in such manner and form, and by such lawful ways, 
 means, and assurances as the said HENRY Lord DELAMERE and 
 Sir WILLIAM GREGORY, and the Survivor of them and his heirs, 
 shall think necessary and convenient for the firm and legal doing 
 and establishing thereof unto and upon the Master Fellows and 
 Scholars of ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, in the University of Cam- 
 bridge, and their Successors, for ever, all that the Manor of 
 Wootton Rivers, with the Rights, members and appurtenances 
 thereof, in the County of Wilts, and all and singular Messu- 
 ages, Farms, Lands, Tenements, Meadows, Pastures, Woods, 
 Commons, Rents, and Hereditaments whatsoever unto the said 
 Mannor belonging, or in any wise appertaining, or accepted, 
 reputed, or taken part parcel or member thereof, To be for ever
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 689 
 
 used and employed, for the founding and maintaining a further 
 number of SCHOLARS in the said College, over and above those 
 FIVE SCHOLARSHIPS which I have already founded in the said 
 College, in such sort manner and form as is hereinafter di- 
 rected : 
 
 And for the better increasing both of the number and mainte- 
 nance of the said additional Scholars in either of the before men- 
 tioned Colleges, I do direct and appoint, and I do desire that it 
 may be so provided for in the Settlement thereof, That the said 
 Manors and Hereditaments, to the said Colleges respectively 
 appointed, may be ordered and managed in such sort and man- 
 ner as is hereinafter directed ; that is to say, I do will, direct, 
 and appoint, that no Lease or Leases shall be granted or re- 
 newed of any the Leasehold Messuages, Farms, Lands, Tene- 
 ments or Hereditaments within the said Manors hereby by me 
 given or appointed to the said Colleges, or either of them re- 
 spectively, for any longer or greater term than One and Twenty 
 years in possession only : And that upon every such New Lease 
 there shall be reserved the best improved Rent that can be got- 
 ten for the same Farm so to be leased ; And that there shall 
 not be directly or indirectly taken for the making of any new 
 grant of any Copyhold Estate or Estates, any Fine or Fines for 
 more than after the rate or proportion of one third part of the 
 improved Value or Rent of the said Tenements or Farm so let- 
 ten ; And that full two third parts of the improved yearly va- 
 lue of the said Tenement or Farm shall be reserved in Rent,and 
 made payable half yearly, for the same to be from time to time 
 employed and applied as is hereinafter mentioned j And that 
 in every such new lease or grant to be made of the said Premi- 
 ses or any part thereof, the Tenant or Lessee thereof shall be 
 bound to pay all manner of Taxes, and to keep the Messuages 
 and Buildings upon the same in good and sufficient repair : 
 
 And I do further will and appoint, that the said additional 
 Scholars, in each of the said Colleges respectively, shall be call- 
 ed by the name of "SOMERSET SCHOLARS," and that their allow- 
 ance for their maintenance and other things shall be equal and 
 proportionable, saving only to those six SCHOLARS in each of 
 the said Colleges, concerning whom I have hereinafter given 
 particular directions, with those I have already founded there ; 
 and that the Election, management, ordering and government of 
 all the said additional Scholars shall be in the same manner, 
 and according to the same rules, as are given and settled by me 
 for and concerning the " SOMERSET SCHOLARS" by me founded 
 already in the said respective Colleges, with this alteration only 
 as to the Election of the Scholars into the said additional Scho- 
 larships : for my will is, and I do appoint, that the said addi- 
 
 VOL. i. Y y
 
 690 LANCASTER. [MANCHEST EB 
 
 tional Scholars that shall be chosen in BRASEN-NOSE COLLEGE, 
 in Oxford, shall, from time to time, for ever be elected out of 
 MANCHESTER SCHOOL, in the County of Lancaster, and THE 
 FREE SCHOOL of HEREFORD, and THE FREE SCHOOL of MARL- 
 BOROUGH, in the County of Wilts, by turns 3 the first of them 
 to be chosen out of MANCHESTER SCHOOL, the second out of 
 HEREFORD FREE SCHOOL, and the third out of MARLBOROUGH 
 FREE SCHOOL ; and that the said additional Scholars, that shall 
 be chosen into ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, in Cambridge, shall, from 
 time to time, for ever be elected out of MARLBOROUGH FREE 
 SCHOOL, HEREFORD FREE SCHOOL, and MANCHESTER FREE 
 SCHOOL, by turns, the first of them to be chosen out of MARL- 
 BOROUGH FREE SCHOOL, the Second out of HEREFORD FREE 
 SCHOOL, and the third out of MANCHESTER FREE SCHOOL ; and 
 to keep the same course and turns for ever : 
 
 And I do further will and appoint, that if any of my said 
 Scholars shall be absent from his said respective College above 
 three Calendar Months in any one Year upon any pretence 
 whatsoever, that then his place in the said College shall be ipso 
 facto void : 
 
 Provided always, and my will and mind is, that upon any 
 vacancy of any of my said Scholarships, by reason of undue ab- 
 sence or upon any other account or cause whatsoever in either 
 of the said Colleges respectively, If the Principal Fellows and 
 Scholars of BRASEN-NOSE COLLEGE, in Oxford, or the Master 
 Fellows and Scholars of ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, in Cambridge, 
 or either of the said Colleges respectively, shall neglect by the 
 space of thirty days to give notice of such avoydance unto the 
 Master of the School out of which the next of the said Scholars 
 is to be chosen into the said College, That then the College so 
 neglecting shall lose the privilege of electing any of the said 
 additional Scholars for seven years next after such neglect: 
 And that during that seven years they, the said HENRY Lord 
 DELAMERE, Sir SAMUEL GRIMSTONE, and Sir WILLIAM GREGO- 
 RY, and the Survivors and Survivor of them, and his heirs, shall 
 and lawfully may, from time to rime, nominate and present a 
 Scholar or Scholars out of the aforesaid Schools respectively, 
 (and qualified, as in the foundation of my said Scholarships is 
 directed) unto the said College or Colleges respectively, where 
 such place shall be void, to be settled and placed in all or any 
 such of the said Scholarships as shall happen to be void within 
 the said seven Years ; 
 
 And I do further will and appoint, that, at the first settlement 
 thereof, there shall be one additional SOMERSET SCHOLAR 
 placed and settled in each of the said Colleges with provision to 
 be made, That when the Rents of the Manor and Hereditaments
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 691 
 
 given to BRASEN-NOSE COLLEGE, in Oxford, shall be so improved 
 that they shall come to Thirty Pounds per annum, then there 
 shall be one other SOMERSET SCHOLAR placed in the said College, 
 and so from time to time upon every increase and advancement 
 of Fifteen pounds per annum in the rents of the said Manor and 
 Premises to them appointed there shall be ONE Scholar more 
 added to the SOMERSET SCHOLARS in the said College ; and that 
 in like manner, when the Rents of the Manor and Hereditaments 
 hereby given or appointed to ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, in Cam- 
 bridge, shall come to be Thirty pounds per annum, there shall 
 be ONE other additional SOMERSET SCHOLAR settled in the said 
 College ; and so in like manner, from time to time, upon every 
 increase or advancement of Fifteen Pounds per annum in the 
 rents of the said Manor and Premises to them given or appointed 
 there shall be ONE Scholar more added to the SOMERSET SCHOLARS 
 in the said College : 
 
 And, as touching the Fines that shall according to the Rents 
 afforesaid be taken or received upon the granting or renewing of 
 Copyhold Estates in the said respective Manors, I do will and 
 appoint, that three parts out of four thereof shall go and be to 
 the use and benefit of the said respective Colleges, to whom 
 such Manor is hereinbefore appointed, in recompence for their 
 providing Chambers for the said additional Scholars, and Studyes, 
 Gowns, and Caps ; and the other fourth part of the said Fines to 
 go and be to the use and benefit of all the SOMERSET SCHOLARS 
 in that College, to buy them books, which advantage by the said 
 Fines, although it can be but small at first, in regard that all the 
 Farms within the aforesaid Manors are at present in Lease or 
 Grants under small old Rents, yet as the present Leases and 
 Estates shall determine they will, I hope, prove considerable, 
 for by the account I receive from my Officers I find, that the 
 Manor appointed to BRASEN-NOSE COLLEGE will, when the 
 present Lease and Estates are expired, be worth about Five 
 Hundred and Sixty pounds per annum ; And that the Manor 
 appointed to ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE will then be worth about Five 
 Hundred and Thirty pounds per annum : 
 
 And I do further declare my will and mind to be, and I do 
 appoint, that the Term now in being of the Leashold-Farm and 
 Lands lying in the Manor of Thornhill, which Leashold-Farm 
 and Lands at the full and improved value is worth One Hundred 
 and Sixty Pounds per annum, shall expire or determine, Then 
 Six SOMERSET SCHOLARS shall in manner afforesaid be chosen 
 and settled in BRASEN-NOSE COLLEGE, and that the said Six 
 SCHOLARS shall have for their allowances, for their maintenance 
 the whole rent of the said Leashold-Farm and Lands in Thorn-
 
 692 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 hil^ and that none others of the additional SOMERSET SCHOLARS, 
 in that College, shall have any share or part thereof with them ; 
 and that the said Six SCHOLARS, or any of them, shall not- have 
 any share or part with the other additional SOMERSET SCHOLARS 
 of that house of any other Rents, Revenues, or Profits of the 
 said Manor of Thornhill : 
 
 And my Will and Mind further is, and I do appoint, that 
 when the term now in being of the Leashold-Farm and Lands 
 lying in the Manor of Wootton Rivers, which Leashold-Farm and 
 Lands at the full improved value is likewise worth One Hundred 
 and Sixty Pounds per annum, shall expire or determine, Then 
 Six SOMERSET SCHOLARS shall in manner and form aforesaid be 
 chosen and settled into ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, in Cambridge, and 
 that the said Six SCHOLARS shall have for their allowances, for 
 their maintenance the whole Rent of the said Leashold-Farm 
 and Lands in Wootton Rivers, and that none others of the 
 SOMERSET SCHOLARS, in that College, shall have any share or 
 part thereof with them ; and that the said Six SCHOLARS, or any 
 of them, shall not have any share or part with the other SOMERSET 
 SCHOLARS of that House, or any other Rents, Revenues or Profits 
 of the said Manor of Wootton Rivers: 
 
 And my will is, and I do hereby appoint and direct, that such 
 Youths shall be chosen into the said TWELVE last mentioned 
 SCHOLARSHIPS, whose parents and friends are not able to contri- 
 bute any thing considerable towards their maintenance in the 
 University, and therefore I have given and appointed for them 
 the large allowance 5 and my will is, that the persons that shall 
 be chosen into the said TWELVE SCHOLARSHIPS, or any of them, 
 shall be such as design or intend to take upon them the Minis- 
 tery ; and that they shall in order thereunto, so soon as they 
 shall be fit for it, incline and dispose themselves to the study of 
 Divinity ; but in all other things relating to the said additional 
 SOMERSET SCHOLARSHIPS in former rules and directions shall 
 stand and be observed, and these last mentioned TWELVE 
 SOMERSET SCHOLARS to differ from them in nothing, save only 
 in their maintenance as is hereinbefore expressed. 
 
 On the 12th of January, 1703, Administration with the Will 
 and Codicil annexed of the Goods of the Right Honourable 
 SARAH Duchess Dowager of SOMERSET was granted to WM. 
 STAUNTON, the Curator or Guardian lawfully assigned to the 
 Honble. LANGHAM BOOTH, Esquire, a Minor, the Residuary 
 Legatee, named in the said Codicil for the use and benefit of 
 the said Minor, until he attains the age of one and twenty 
 years, having been first sworn by Commission duly to administer. 
 The Right Honble. HENRY Comes, Sir SAMUEL GHIMSTON,
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 693 
 
 Baronet, and Sir WILLIAM GREGORY, Knight, the Executors 
 dying without taking upon them the Probate and Execution of 
 the said Will and Codicil. 
 
 On the 1 9th of February, 1705, Administration with the Will 
 and Codicil annexed of the goods of The Right Honble. SARAH 
 Duchess Dowager of SOMERSET was granted to The Honourable 
 LANGIIAM BOOTH, Esquire, the Residuary Legatee named in the 
 said Codicil, He having been first sworn by Commission duly 
 to administer the Letters of Administration of the goods of the 
 said Deceased, granted in the Month of January, 1703, to 
 WILLIAM STAUNTON, Esquire, for the use and benefit of the said 
 Honble. LANUHAM BOOTH, Esquire, then a Minor, having ceased 
 and expired, by reason of the said Minor having attained his age 
 of twenty one years j And The Right Honble. HENRY Comes, Sir 
 SAMUEL GRIMSTON, Baronet, and Sir WM. GREGORY, Knight, 
 the Executors named in the said Will having departed this life 
 without taking upon them, or either of them, the Probate and 
 Execution of the said Will and Codicil. 
 
 GEO. GOSTLING, "} 
 
 NATH. GOSTLING, > Deputy Registers. 
 
 R. C. CRESSWELL, 3 
 
 See, Hereford. 
 
 WILLIAM HULME, Esq., of Broadstone, descended from 
 a respectable Family in the County of Lancaster, by his 
 Will,* dated the 24th of October, 1691, most munificently 
 left estates at Heaton-Norris, Denton, Ashton-under-Lyne, 
 Reddish, Manchester, and Harwood, all in this County, 
 (subject to an estate for life, in part of the premises, to 
 ELIZABETH his Wife, and to certain Annuities, which have 
 been long since determined), to maintain as EXHIBITIONERS*}- 
 
 * Mr. HULME was buried in a small Chapel adjoining The 
 Collegiate Church of Manchester, which, having become 
 greatly dilapidated, was restored by order of the Feoffees of his 
 Trust Estates in 1810. On his grave-stone is the following 
 Inscription, 
 
 " Hie jacet corpus Gulielmi Hulme de Hulme Armigeri., 
 qui obiit vicesimo nono Octobris anno Domini 1 691. ^Etatis 
 suae 61." 
 
 f The Exhibitions founded by Mr. HULME, in Brasen-Nose 
 College, are not connected with The Free Grammar School in 
 Manchester, but, as they are frequently bestowed upon Scholars
 
 ti94 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 " Four of the poorest sort of Bachelors of Arts, taking such 
 Degree in BRASEN-NOSE COLLEGE, in Oxford, as from time 
 to time sh mid resolve to continue and reside there by the 
 space of Four years next after such Degree taken,"" to be 
 nominated and approved of by The Warden of the Collegiate 
 Church of Manchester, the Rectors of the Parish Churches 
 of Prestwich and Bury for the time being, and their Succes- 
 sors for ever " * 
 
 At the time of the Testator's death these Exhibitions 
 amounted only to 15. per annum each; but, in the 10 
 Geo. III., 1770 an Act was obtained, which enabled the 
 Trustees to grant building leases of the Estates for 99 years, 
 and to increase the number of EXHIBITIONERS to Ten, 
 whose Stipends should be never less than 60., nor more 
 than 80. a year 
 
 By another Act passed in the 35 Geo. III., 17^5, the 
 Trustees were enabled to convey in fee or grant leases for 
 lives, or for long terms of years, with or without Covenants 
 for renewal or for perpetual renewal, under reserved yearly 
 rents the Trust estates; and were empowered to increase 
 the number of EXHIBITIONERS to Fifteen, whose Stipends 
 should be never less than 60., nor more than 1 10. a year. 
 
 In 1814, by reason of the great increase in the value of 
 the Trust estates, the annual proceeds then amounting to the 
 sum of 2502.. 16.. 8., over and above the interest of the 
 sum of 23,700., which the Trustees had saved out of the 
 rents, a third Act was obtained, intituled, " An Act for 
 amending Two several Acts of the 10th and 35th years of 
 
 belonging to it, and as Mr. HULME was a Feoffee of the School 
 and probably received his education in it, no part of the present 
 work appears more suitable than this to notice his splendid 
 benefaction. 
 
 * A Prize of 10. in Books is annually given for the best 
 Oration delivered at Brazen-Nose College by one of the Exhibi 
 tioners, in memory of so great a Benefactor.
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 695 
 
 the reign of His present Majesty, relating to the Estates de- 
 vised by WILLIAM HULME, Esq.; and to enable the Trus- 
 tees thereof to apply the Trust Monies in making an allow- 
 ance to and provision for the Exhibitioners of certain Exhi- 
 bitions, founded by the said Testator in Brasen-Nose College, 
 Oxford ; and also in founding and supporting a Lecture in 
 Divinity in the said College; and to incorporate the said 
 Trustees ; and for other the purposes therein mentioned. 1 ' 
 
 By which it was enacted, " That it shall be lawful for the 
 said Trustees, and their Successors, to make unto each of the 
 said present Exhibitioners, and to each of the Exhibitioners who 
 shall be hereafter nominated to take the benefit of Mr. HULME'S 
 Es-tate, such allowance, stipend, or yearly sum, as the Trustees 
 shall think meet and reasonable ; never to exceed the sum of 
 TAVO HUNDRED and TWENTY POUNDS in any one year ; and 
 that the same shall not be paid to any of such Exhibitioners, 
 who shall not regularly reside in the said College from the 
 beginning of Michaelmas Term to the end of Act Term in every 
 year, unless such Exhibitioner shall have obtained such permission 
 as is hereinafter mentioned from the Trustees of the said es- 
 tates, dispensing with his or their residence at the said College, 
 and no such permission shall extend beyond the power given for 
 that purpose to the Trustees by this Act." 
 
 As the College of BKASEN-NOSE was not able to accom- 
 modate the EXHIBITIONERS with rooms in the College, and 
 the rent of lodgings in Oxford, and the necessary expenses 
 attendant thereon, having materially increased within a few 
 years past, and the then allowance being inadequate for pro- 
 curing the benefits intended for the Exhibitioners, The 
 Trustees were empowered to provide rooms and lodgings 
 in Oxford, or to purchase or build convenient Houses for 
 their residence and accommodation, 
 
 Provided, ' ' That no Exhibitioners shall be allowed to reside 
 in or occupy any such houses, for any longer time than they 
 shall enjoy and receive their Exhibitions, or during only such 
 term, or part thereof, as the said Trustees shall from time to 
 time appoint or determine upon, pursuant to the provision in 
 that behalf hereinafter contained : Provided also, That no 
 greater sum shall be expended or laid out by the said Trustees, 
 in the actual purchase of any such houses, buildings, land, or 
 hereditaments, than the sum of 5000, in the whole."
 
 696 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 The Trustees were also empowered to pay to a Lecturer, 
 to be nominated by the Principal of Brasen-Nose College, for 
 the delivering Lectures in Divinity to the Exhibitioners therein, 
 an annual Salary not exceeding the sum of ,150., such Divi- 
 nity Lecture to be called " HULME'S Divinity Lecture," and 
 " that no person shall be appointed to such office of Lecturer, 
 save and except he shall be in Priest's Orders, and shall have 
 taken the Degree of Bachelor of Divinity or Master of Arts in 
 the said University^ and be a Member of the said College :" 
 
 The Trustees, then EDWARD Earl of DERBY, THOMAS Earl 
 of WILTON, JAMES STARRY, ROBERT GREGGE HOPWOOD, RO- 
 BERT MARKLAND, JOHN ENTWISLE, RICHARD ATHERTON FAR- 
 INGTON, WILLIAM Fox, and WILBRAHAM EGERTON, Esquires, 
 and their Successors, were constituted a Body Corporate, by the 
 name and style of " THE TRUSTEES of the ESTATES devised by 
 WILLIAM HULME, Esq.," with perpetual succession ; may plead 
 and be impleaded, and have a Common Seal, on which shall be 
 engraven the Coat of Arms borne by WILLIAM HULME, and 
 round it shall be inscribed " Sigillum Hulmianum." And the 
 number of the Trustees was to be increased to TWELVE : 
 
 THE NOMINATORS of the EXHIBITIONERS, as often as vacan- 
 cies shall arise, are empowered " to nominate to the said Exhi- 
 bitions UNDER-GRADUATES in the said College of Brasen-Nose, 
 who shall have then entered upon the thirteenth term from their 
 matriculation, and who shall resolve and continue to reside 
 there by the space of four years next after the commencement of 
 such thirteenth term, and who shall also resolve to take their 
 Degree of Bachelor of Arts in the University of Oxford, as soon 
 as they are of Academical standing for such Degree ; And that 
 the Under-graduates so to be nominated, and residing according 
 to the regulations of this act, shall, from time to time, have, 
 and be entitled to the allowances, stipends, and yearly payments 
 in and by this act authorized to be made to the said Exhibition- 
 ers for the space of four years, to be accounted from the com- 
 mencement of the said thirteenth term : Provided that they, 
 the said Under-graduates so to be nominated, shall, if prevented 
 from taking their Degree of Bachelor of Arts as soon as they 
 are of standing for the same, be actually admitted to such De- 
 gree within eight months afterwards ; but in case the Under- 
 graduates so to be nominated, or any of them, shall not within 
 the same space of eight months duly take their said Degrees, 
 then and from thenceforth their respective Nominations shall 
 cease and be void, and they shall respectively absolutely forfeit 
 and lose all further right, title, and claim to the said allowances, 
 stipends/and payments to be made to the said Exhibitioners, 
 and all benefit and advantage thereof:
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 697 
 
 And it was further enacted, " That it shall be lawful for the 
 Trustees, from time to time, by any orders, at any General 
 Meeting of the Trustees, to dispense with the residence at or in 
 the said College of Brasen-Nose, of the Exhibitioners who are or 
 shall be hereafter nominated to take the benefit of Mr. HULME'S 
 trust, for any time (which shall not be in full term) in each 
 year, as they the said Trustees shall deem most adviseable : 
 Provided, That no such orders shall be contrary to or interfere 
 with the Rules or Discipline of the said College, nor shall such 
 Rules or Discipline be any ways affected by any acts of the said 
 Trustees or their Successors, in the exercise of the powers given 
 to them by this Act." 
 
 The present NOMINATORS of the EXHIBITIONERS are, 
 The Revd. THOMAS BLACKBURNE, LL. D., Warden 
 
 of the Collegiate Church of Manchester. 
 The Revd. Sir WILLIAM HENRY CLKEKE, Bart., 
 
 Rector of the Parish Church of Bury. 
 The Revd. JAMES LYON, Rector of the Parish Church 
 
 of Prestwich. 
 
 The great celebrity which this School hath justly acquired, 
 has been owing not only to the Splendour of the Foundation, 
 but in a still greater degree, to the talents and assiduity of 
 THE HIGH MASTERS, in whom it has been singularly for- 
 tunate. 
 
 The present High Master is JEREMIAH SMITH, D. D., 
 under whose able management the School preserves the 
 reputation, which it has long so deservedly enjoyed. This 
 Gentleman was appointed, on the death of the late CHARLES 
 LAWSON, M. A., who, after filling the Chair for more than 
 FORTY-THREE YEARS, with the greatest credit to himself, 
 and the advantage of his Pupils, many of whom became 
 shining Luminaries of the Pulpit, the Bar, and the Senate, 
 died on the 19th of April, 1807, in the 79th year of his 
 age. The Salary of the High Master is 420. per annum, 
 with a good House, free of rent and taxes, and kept in good 
 repair. This house, it appears, was bought from the family 
 of the BESSICKS in Salford by the Trustees, in 1698, for 
 the use of The High Master. His accommodations for
 
 698 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 Boarders arc very extensive, but at present he receives 
 only a limited number, upon the following Terms : 
 Entrance Fee, Four guineas. 
 
 Board and Tuition, in which Writing, Arithmetic, and 
 Mathematics are included, Fifty guineas per annum, 
 until the Pupil enters into his Sixteenth year, and 
 Sixty guineas afterwards. 
 Washing, Four guineas per annum. 
 French, Drawing, Dancing, &c., on the usual terms. 
 Two Parlour Boarders may be accommodated, for whose 
 Board and Tuition 120 or 140 guineas each will be 
 charged, according to the distinction of age stated 
 above. 
 
 An Assistant Master resides constantly in the house to 
 give instructions in Writing, Accompts, and Mathe- 
 matics, on the Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday Af- 
 ternoons, and to assist in the general Superintendence 
 of the Boarders. 
 
 A Quarter s Notice, or a Quarter's Payment, is required. 
 The following are the Names of some of THE HIGH 
 MASTERS of this School, 
 
 In 1575. THOMAS COGAN, B. A., and afterwards M. D., 
 of Oriel College, Oxford. He also " prac- 
 tised his Faculty with good success. He 
 wrote " The Haven of Health^ and " A 
 Preservation from the Pestilence" and edited 
 some of CICERO'S works. He died at Man- 
 chester in 1 607} and was buried in the Church 
 there on the 10th of June, " leaving behind 
 him the character of an able Physician and 
 Latinist, a good Neighbour, and an honest 
 Man." 
 
 RALPH BRIDEOKE, D. D., of Brasen-Nose Col- 
 lege, Oxford. He afterwards became Chap- 
 lain to The Earl of DERBY; and when 
 Latham House was besieged by the Forces
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER, 699 
 
 belonging to Parliament, " he was all the 
 time in it, and did good service." In 1651, 
 by his eloquence in favour of his unfortunate 
 Lord, JAMES Earl of Derby, he was made 
 Chaplain to LENTHALL, the Speaker, and 
 soon after Preacher of the Rolls, He succes- 
 sively filled several rich Benefices; and in 
 1674, " he was by the endeavours of Lo- 
 DOISA Duchess of PORTSMOUTH (wliose hands 
 were always ready to take bribes) nominated 
 by the King to be Bishop of CHICHESTEK, on 
 the translation of Dr. P. GUNNING from thence 
 to Ely. He died suddenly, as he was visiting 
 his Diocese, on the 5th of October, 1678: 
 and was buried in Stay's Chapel at Windsor, 
 where a fair Altar monument was erected 
 over his grave, with a suitable Latin inscrip- 
 tion. He wrote an Elogy on the death of 
 BEN. JONSON. 
 
 In 1661. JOHN WICKES, M. A., of Corpus Christi Col- 
 lege, Oxford. 
 1676. WILLIAM BARROW, M. A., of Corpus Christi 
 
 College. 
 1721. JOHN RICHARDS, M. A., of Corpus Christi 
 
 College, elected on the 7th of March. 
 1721. HENRY BROOKE, M. A., of Oriel College, Ox- 
 ford, elected on the 30th of April. In 1744 
 he published a Speech on the usefulness and 
 necessity of studying the Classics, which is 
 dedicated to The Warden (PEPLOE) and the 
 Feoffees of the School ; and in which he ob- 
 serves with regard to attendance, " though I 
 was absent some years ago upon necessary 
 business, and when I had thoughts of quitting 
 the School and put in a Substitute, as I was
 
 709 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 informed with consent and to the satisfaction 
 of all parties concerned, yet being now at free 
 liberty, I shall keep close to the School and 
 the business thereof, as I have done for near 
 three years last past, Szc." At the period 
 here alluded to, the Feoffees disapproving of 
 his neglect of the School, had reduced his 
 Salary, as Master, from 200. to 10. the 
 original Endowment. He wrote a Latin 
 work, intituled, " Medicus Circumforaneus? 
 and an Essay on " Peaceableness." He was 
 also Fellow of Christ's College, Manchester. 
 In 1728. WILLIAM PCRNELL, M. A-, of Oriel College ; 
 he died in 1764. 
 
 1753. CHARLES LAWSON, M. A., of Corpus Christi 
 College, who taught here as First and Second 
 Master, more than HALF a CENTURY.* His 
 grateful Pupils erected a beautiful Mural 
 Monument of marble, designed and executed 
 by BACON; and which is fixed up over the 
 door leading into the Chapter-House in the 
 Collegiate Church, with an elegant Latin in- 
 scription, commemorative of his Excellence 
 and Virtues. 
 
 1807- JEREMIAH SMITH, D. D. 
 
 * In 1749 he was appointed Second Master by Dr. RANDOLPH, 
 then President of Corpxis Christi College, and upon the death of 
 Mr. PURNELL, he was nominated his successor. In this arduous 
 situation, for a period almost unprecedented, Mr. LAWSON uni- 
 formly displayed a dignity and propriety of conduct, and a fixed 
 principle of action that could not fail to conciliate the esteem 
 and affection of his Pupils, and the warm admiration of his Fel- 
 low Townsmen. The extensive literary abilities which he pos- 
 sessed, were of a higher class than are usually met with even in 
 the most distinguished of our Preceptors, and the depth and
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 701 
 
 The High Master, and the Second Master, have Two 
 Stalls in the Collegiate Church, over one of which is in- 
 scribed " ArcTvtdidascalus? and over the other, " Hypodi- 
 dascalus.'" A mark of respect, but no source of emolument. 
 
 The present Second Master is, The Revd. ROBINSON 
 ELSDALE, M. A., whose Salary is 220. per annum, toge- 
 ther with a house, free of rent and taxes, and kept in good 
 repair. This Gentleman also takes Pupils, at Forty guineas 
 per annum for boys under the age of 14 years, and 45 
 guineas after that period. 
 
 In addition to these Gentlemen whose Official situations 
 are recognized and established in the Statutes, there are also 
 THREE ASSISTANT MASTERS, who have been added by the 
 Trustees, have Salaries from the School estate, and are 
 liberally allowed by The High Master to take Boarders.* 
 
 The First Assistant Master is, The Revd. GEORGE HOLT, 
 whose Salary is 120. a year; and who has upwards of 
 Twenty boarders in his house. 
 
 The Second Assistant Master is, Mr. JOHN JOHNSON, 
 whose Salary is lW. a year. He teaches also writing, ac- 
 counts, and mathematics. 
 
 The Master of The Lower School is, The Revd. THOMAS 
 GASKELL, whose Salary is 130. a year. 
 
 The business of the School begins and closes with PRAY- 
 ERS, which are read by one of the Senior boys, when all the 
 Masters attend, In SUMMER, from 7 to half after 8 
 o'Clock, return at half after 9, and remain until 12, 
 
 assiduity with which he constantly pursued his erudite researches, 
 rendered him eminently qualified for that station wherein he was 
 judiciously placed. 
 
 * In the original Establishment there were only The High 
 Master and the Usher. In progress of time, a third Master was 
 appointed : But the Two Assistant Masters were not appointed, 
 until Mr. LAWSON had been at the head of the School for some 
 years. Then from the great increase of the number of Scholars, 
 additional Teachers became indispensibly necessary.
 
 702 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER, 
 
 return again at 3, and remain until half after 5. In WINTER, 
 it commences half an hour later. 
 
 The afternoons of Tuesday,* Thursday, and Saturday are 
 Holidays, and are devoted to Mathematics. 
 
 The Vacations are jive Weeks at CHEISTMAS, and Jive 
 Weeks at MIDSUMMER. 
 
 A PUBLIC SPEECH-DAY was judiciously established by the 
 present High Master in 1811, which is attended by The 
 Trustees, and by numbers of the most respectable Inhabit- 
 ants of the Town and Neighbourhood. It is holden on the 
 first Tuesday in October. 
 
 Among the distinguished Characters who have received 
 their Education at this eminent Seminary of Learning, may 
 be enumerated,-!- 
 
 JOHN BRADFORD, one of the most eminent of the PRO- 
 TESTANT DIVINES who suffered Martyrdom in the 
 cruel reign of Queen MARY. 
 WILLIAM GWYN, Principal of Brasen-Nose College: 
 
 he died in 1770. 
 
 The late REGINALD HEBER, M. A., a learned and 
 amiable Clergyman, the second son of THOMAS 
 HEB KR, Esq., of Marton-Hall, in the Deanery of 
 Craven, one of the oldest Families in that District 
 of Yorkshire. He died on the 10th of January, 
 1804. 
 The late ROBERT THYER, ChethanTs Librarian, Editor 
 
 of BUTLER'S Remains. 
 The late Earl of WILTON, a Trustee. 
 The late GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., Barrister at Law. 
 
 * It was the custom for Tuesday Afternoon not to be Holi- 
 day, unless some one petitioned for it, and gave either Five Shil- 
 lings, or a Book, for the School LIBRARY. And in this way the 
 greater part of the Books have been collected. 
 
 f The Register of the Scholars is kept by the Two Senior 
 Boys, to whom one shilling is paid for every entry.
 
 MANCHESTER.] LANCASTER. 703 
 
 The late WILLIAM EGERTON, Esq., M. P. of Tatton. 
 CYRIL JACKSON, D. D., late Dean of Christ Church, 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 WILLIAM JACKSON, D. D., late Bishop of Oxford. 
 The late GEORGE I RAVIS, Archdeacon of Richmond. 
 The late Lord ALVANLEY, Master of The Rolls. 
 The late Sir NIGKL BOWYER GRIESLEY, Bart. 
 The late Colonel STANLEY, M. P. for Lancashire. 
 THOMAS PATTEN, D. D., Fellow of Corpus Christi 
 
 College, and afterwards Rector of Childrey, in 
 
 Berks. 
 JOHN WHITAKER, B. D., the late very learned Divine, 
 
 and Author of " The History of Manchester." 
 SAMUEL OGDEN, D. D., late Woodwardian Professor at 
 
 Cambridge, and Author of two volumes of Ser- 
 mons. 
 
 The late THOMAS WHITE, M. D. 
 The late Rev. THOMAS BANCROFT, M. A., Vicar of 
 
 Bolton. 
 JOHN PORTER, D. D., the present Lord Bishop of 
 
 Clogher. 
 THOMAS BRAITHWAITE, D. D., Fellow of Brasen- 
 
 Nose CoUege, Rector of Stepney, and Chaplain to 
 
 Bishop CLEAVER. 
 THOMAS WINSTANLEY, D.D., CAMDEN'S Professor of 
 
 Antient History, in tHe University of Oxford. 
 HOUSTONE RADCLIFFE, D. D., Fellow of Brasen-Nose 
 
 College. 
 Revd. T. AINSCOUGH, M. A., of St. John's College, 
 
 Cambridge. 
 Colonel JOHN DRINKWATER, Author of the History of 
 
 the Siege of Gibraltar. 
 Revd. JOHN CARR, B.D., late Fellow and Tutor of 
 
 St. John's College, Cambridge. 
 Revd. HENRY PORTER, Vicar of Enfield, late Fellow 
 
 and Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge.
 
 704 LANCASTER. [MANCHESTER. 
 
 FOSTER BOWER, Esq., Barrister at Law, Recorder of 
 Chester. 
 
 JOHN LATHAM, M. D., of London. 
 
 JAMES HAWORTH, M. D., formerly Radcliffe's Tra- 
 velling Fellow. 
 
 Sir DANIEL BAYLEY, Knt., Consul General in Russia. 
 
 Revd. JOSEPH ALLEN, late Fellow of Trinity Col- 
 lege, Cambridge, and now Prebendary of West- 
 minster. 
 
 JOHN BACON SAWREY MORRITT, Esq., of Rokeby 
 Park, M. P. for Northallerton. 
 
 The Right Honble. FREDERICK FORBES, Son of the 
 Earl of GRANARD. 
 
 FRODSHAM HODSON, D. D., Principal of Brasen-Nose 
 College. 
 
 JOHN DEANE, D. D., Principal of St. Mary Hall, Ox- 
 ford. 
 
 Major General HERON, late M. P. for Newton, Lan- 
 cashire. 
 
 DAVID LATOUCHE, Esq., M. P. for Dublin. 
 
 EDMUND OUTRAM, D. D., the present Chancellor of 
 the Diocese of Lichfield and Coventry, Archdea- 
 con of Derby, and Rector of St. Philip's Birming- 
 ham, formerly Fellow and Tutor of St. John's, 
 Cambridge, and Public Orator of that Univer- 
 sity. 
 
 T. FALCONER, M. A., late Fellow of Christ Church 
 College, Oxford, and Bampton Lecturer. 
 
 JOHN WILLIAMS, Esq., Barrister at Law. 
 
 The Revd. JOSEPH HODGKINSON, B. D., late Fellow 
 and Tutor of Brasen-Nose College. 
 
 The Revd. THOMAS CLAYTON, B. D., late Fellow and 
 Tutor of Brasen-Nose College, Rector of Cotting- 
 ham, in Northamptonshire. 
 
 ASHHURST TURNER GILBERT, M. A., one of the pre- 
 sent Tutors of Brasen-Nose College.
 
 MIDDLETON.] LANCASTER. 705 
 
 MIDDLETON, near MANCHESTER. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at MIDDLETON was founded, 
 by Charter dated the llth of August, 1572, by ALEXAN- 
 DER NOWELL, D. D., Dean of St. Paul's, London ; who, at 
 the same time founded Thirteen Scholarships in Brasen- 
 Nose College, Oxford, of which he was Principal. 
 
 As these Benefactions were both of them established by 
 Itoyal Patent, he chose that the School should be called 
 " Queen ELIZABETH'S School," and the Scholars " Queen 
 ELIZABETH'S Scholars." Her Majesty having most gra- 
 ciously given 20. yearly for ever towards it's endowment ; 
 of which l4..10..0. per annum are now paid to The 
 Head Master by The College, and 5..10..8. out of the 
 Land Revenue of the Crown. 
 
 How much he had this good work at heart, for the encou- 
 ragement of Religion and Learning, appears by a Letter of 
 his to the Lord Treasurer BURGHLEY, dated the 24th of 
 June, 1572, while the Patent of Foundation laid in his 
 hands ; in which, by the advice of Sir WALTER MILDMAY, 
 a blank was left for the Mortmain, upon good hope, that it 
 would please Her Majesty to license a large sum, for such 
 goodly uses. He, therefore, " in Her Majesty's name hum- 
 bly prayed His Honour to finish the good work, which he 
 had so happily begun ; and to move Her Majesty to license 
 the sum of 100., or so many marks at the least, by him 
 and others to be purchased in Mortmain, for the increase of 
 the Stipends of the Schoolmaster and Usher, and of the 
 number and exhibition of the said Scholars, and the better 
 relief of the great Company of that poor College ; and all 
 to be done in Her Majesty's name." 
 
 Mr Archdeacon CHURTON, in his Life of Dean NOWELL, 
 
 VOL. i. Z z
 
 706 LANCASTER. [MIDDLETON-. 
 
 observes, that, by the Charter of Foundation, certain Rent- 
 charges, in London and elsewhere, are vested in THE PRIN- 
 CIPAL and FELLOWS of BRASKN-NOSE COLLEGE, who are 
 Incorporated GOVERNORS of this Free School, on condition 
 that they pay to The Upper Master Twenty marks, and to 
 The Under Master or Usher Ten marks, yearly ; and Five 
 marks a piece to Thirteen Scholars, chosen from this School, 
 or from the School of Whalley, or Burnley, or, in defect, 
 from any other School in the County Palatine of Lancaster. 
 
 But the liberal Donor having shortly afterwards bought 
 of Sir HENRY CHENEY, Lord CHENEY, and the Lady JANE, 
 his Wife, the Manor of Upberry, and the Rectory of Gil- 
 lingham in Kent, with the Advowson of the Vicarage, he 
 bestowed these Estates also on the College, in Trust, to 
 augment the Stipend of the Master and Usher, and the 
 allowance of the Scholars, as well as to improve the weekly 
 Commons or Allowance of The Principal and Fellows. 
 
 The Manor of Gillingham and the Estates thereto append- 
 ant were part of the Endowment of the See of Canter- 
 bury in the time of The Conqueror, as appears by certain 
 grants of Archbishop ANSELM, remitting to the Monks of 
 St. Andrew's in Rochester part of the Rent, which they 
 used to pay for the right of fishing in the sea, a Privilege 
 belonging to the said Manor. 
 
 The Archiepiscopal Estates in the Parish of Gillingham 
 were alienated to the Crown in the time of HENRY the 
 Eighth ; and by him granted to the Family of CHENEY, 
 who re-sold them to No WELL. 
 
 A part of the Estate, on a commanding spot in Upberry, 
 by recent purchase from The College of Brasen-Nose, has 
 been re-invested in The Crown, for the purpose of con- 
 structing Barracks and other Public Works, " in these days 
 when the proud menaces of a neighbouring Usurper have 
 served only to rouse, with redoubled ardour, the ancient 
 spirit of BRITONS."
 
 MIDDLETON.] LANCASTER. 707 
 
 There is also belonging to The Head Master a small 
 Field in which the School is situate, being about One acre of 
 customary measure. 
 
 A Stipend of 10. per annum is also paid to The Under 
 or English Master by Brasen-Nose College : The Principal 
 and Senior Fellows whereof appoint the Masters : And they 
 are likewise the Visitors. 
 
 There are no Statutes or Ordinances. 
 
 The School has always been open to Boys of the Parish 
 of Middleton, free of expense, when taught the Classics 
 only. But for many years past, a Commercial Education, 
 particularly in this manufacturing part of the Country, has 
 been preferred; and consequently more attended to, for 
 which 6*. Quarterage for each boy is paid, otherwise the 
 Salary being so small, the School might remain without a 
 Master. 
 
 There is no particular form of Admission, nor routine of 
 Education prescribed. 
 
 The Scholarships at Brasen-Nose College are so very 
 small, that they have not been claimed, for a Century past, 
 by any Scholar from Middleton School. 
 
 In later days the Master's place has usually been given 
 to the Curates of Middleton ; one of whom, RICHARD 
 DEAN, was the Author of an ingenious Essay on an unpro- 
 mising subject, " The future Life of Brutes., introduced 
 with Observations upon Evil, it's nature and origin," print- 
 ed at Manchester, in 1767 Mr. DEAN died and was 
 buried at Middleton, on the 10th of January, 1778. 
 
 He was succeeded by The Revd. JAMES ARCHER, the 
 present Head Master, who has filled that Office, with the 
 greatest respectability, for the last THIRTY-NINE YEARS ; 
 during which time he has been constant and regular in his 
 attendance, having seldom fewer than from Forty to Fifty 
 Pupils under his care, who are boarded and lodged in the 
 Village.
 
 708 LANCASTER. [MIDDLETON- 
 
 Mr. JAMES HEYWOOD, lately appointed Under-Master, 
 has generally a greater number, having been instructed to 
 teach upon Dr. BELL'S Plan. He receives 2d. per week for 
 each child, whether Boy or Girl. 
 
 Girls have been received into both Schools. 
 
 The School was new roofed and ceiled in 1781.
 
 PRESCOT.] LANCASTER. 709 
 
 PRESCOT. 
 
 The old SCHOOL at PRESCOT, now part of the Master's 
 House, and the House itself with the one adjoining, were 
 established at a period now unknown, by the Township of 
 Prescot, and that part of the Parish called " The Parish 
 Side" and supported by contributions or rates from each 
 Township, for the benefit of education to the Inhabitants of 
 those Districts. 
 
 But such Parochial support ceased above a Century 
 since, when the Funds consisted of 
 
 Old Stock, - 50..0..0 
 
 Mr. GREEN'S gift, 3..1..3 
 
 which, together with about 4. per annum arising from se- 
 veral properties in Prescot, and the above-mentioned School 
 and Dwelling, constitute the whole Endowment, worth about 
 40. per annum. At an annual Parish Meeting on St. 
 Luke^s day, FOUR WARDENS are chosen to elect a Master, 
 and to do other necessary business. 
 
 Subsequently several Benefactions in land and money 
 have been made to other Trustees, viz., The Steward and 
 Officers elected at the annual Court of the Copyholders, for 
 the instruction of poor boys in the Town, where and in 
 what manner they think proper. These Trustees have 
 built a new and enlarged School, and by common consent 
 about Forty years since, joined with the Wardens chosen by 
 the Parish, in the Election of the Master on their having 
 determined to unite the two Schools, and send the poor 
 boys according to the extent of the new Funds, to THE PUB- 
 LIC SCHOOL. 
 
 The pecuniary Legacies have been employed in building 
 Houses in Prescot, and in the purchase of a small estate in 
 Rainhill ; and the Lands bequeathed, lie in the Townships
 
 710 LANCASTER. [PRESCOT. 
 
 of Widnes and Whiston, all in the Parish of Prescot. But 
 all these estates are also subject to the support of other Cha- 
 rities, besides the education of poor boys, so that the surplus 
 only is applicable to that purpose, and is now about 65. 
 per annum. 
 
 A Legacy of 200. has recently been received from the 
 Executors of the late Revd. SAMUEL SEWELL, Vicar of 
 Prescot, the interest of which is to be appropriated to the 
 education of poor Boys. 
 
 No STATUTES prevail beyond the election of a Master 
 belonging to the Established Church, and the instruction of 
 the poor boys in the Church Catechism. The boys are to 
 be selected from the Inhabitants of Prescot, and consequent- 
 ly are nominated by The Steward and Officers of the Manor- 
 Court of Prescot. 
 
 Boys from this School, if born in the Parish, are sent to 
 Brasen-Nose College, in Oxford, where they have a prefer- 
 ence to SEVEN FELLOWSHIPS. Lancashire men also have the 
 preference to several good Exhibitions in the same College. 
 
 The number of boys upon the Foundation is now THIR- 
 TY-THREE : Three having been added in consequence of 
 Mr. SE WELL'S legacy, but the admission of these was option- 
 al with the Master. There are no data by which the deter- 
 minations of the Trustees are regulated beyond occasional 
 usage, in the number of free boys. The number of Day- 
 scholars is now also about THIRTY. It was formerly much 
 greater ; but owing to very gross mismanagement during 
 the Mastership of the present Gentleman's immediate Pre- 
 decessor, who, soon after his appointment, rendered him- 
 self independent of the Trustees by procuring a License to 
 the School from the Bishop, and the consequent establish- 
 ment of other Schools in the Town, it is probable that the 
 number will not much increase. It must also be added, 
 that the Town is poor, and that the terms for instruction in 
 the other Schools are lower than in this.
 
 PRESCOT.] LANCASTER. 711 
 
 It is expected that the Boys, at the time of Admission, 
 should be able to read in a Class. They are admitted at 
 the age of Eight, and at Fourteen are superannuated : but 
 these are points not very scrupulously adhered to. The 
 education of the Free Boys is confined to Reading, Writing, 
 and Arithmetic. The selection of Books is left to the Master. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used. 
 
 The present Head Master is, Mr. JOHN HAMNETT, 
 whose Salary, in consideration of the Free Boys, is 90. 
 per annum, together with the interest of Mr. SEWELL'S le- 
 gacy, and the rent of the House, making in the whole about 
 113. per annum. This Gentleman takes Pupils, his terms 
 being Thirty five guineas per annum. The terms for Day- 
 scholars average about a guinea per Quarter. 
 
 Several of the most respectable Merchants in Liverpool 
 have been educated in this School.
 
 " 12 LANCASTER. [PKESTON. 
 
 PRESTON. 
 
 THEEE are no Documents now remaining to show when, or 
 by whom, THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in PRESTON was founded. 
 But, as the Corporation of Preston are the Patrons of the 
 School, and pay the principal part of the Salaries to the 
 Masters, it is probable that it was founded and endowed by 
 that Body ; from whom the Head Master receives 45., and 
 the Second Master 40. per annum. 
 
 At a subsequent period, a Mr. BARTHOLOMEW WORTHING- 
 TON of this Town left a field adjoining to it, for the benefit 
 of The Head Master ; which has lately been built upon, and 
 now produces in Ground rents, a little more than 50. a 
 year. 
 
 There are no written STATUTES or ORDINANCES. 
 
 The School is open to boys from all parts, without any 
 restriction or limitation, except the following, viz., that those 
 boys, who are not the sons of Freemen of the Borough of 
 Preston, have usually paid a small sum, as Quarterage ; but 
 this distinction is not now insisted upon. Boys are admitted, 
 at the discretion of the Masters, about the age of Seven, and 
 are not subject to superannuation. The number of Scholars 
 at present is about Forty. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the system of Edu- 
 cation is the same as is established in most of the Grammar 
 Schools in this County. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advantages 
 belonging to this School ; neither are the Students sent to 
 any particular Colleges. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. ROBERT HARRIS, 
 B. D., whose Salary is about 100. per annum, exclusive 
 of the compliments that are usually made to him at Shrove- 
 tide, by the boys under his immediate care. This Gentleman
 
 PRESTON.] LANCASTER. 713 
 
 has generally Two Pupils in his house upon liberal Terms ; 
 but he has not accommodation for a larger number. 
 
 The Under-Master has not been in the habit of taking 
 any Pupils. 
 
 It is gratifying to observe, that there is an excellent 
 LIBRARY, consisting of several Thousand volumes in various 
 languages, in a room adjoining to the School. The Town of 
 Preston is indebted for this Benefaction to a Gentleman of the 
 name of SHEPHERD, who was long an eminent Physician 
 here, and died about 60 years since. At his death, he 
 bequeathed his own valuable Library to certain Trustees, 
 with a Fund of about 50. a year for it's future augmenta- 
 tion, and a small Salary to a Librarian. The Mayor and 
 Aldermen are perpetual Trustees, and the Master of the 
 Grammar School is the Librarian. The Public very liberally 
 have access to this Library, under certain regulations pre- 
 scribed by it's Guardians. 
 
 JOHN PRESTON, D. D., was educated here.
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 [RlVINGTON. 
 
 RIVINGTON, near BOLTON. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of RIVINGTON, in the Parish 
 of Bolton le Moors, called also " THE FREE GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL of Queen ELIZABETH in ROVINGTON alias RIVING- 
 TON," was founded by Letters Patent, dated the 13th of 
 May, in the Eighth year of the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, 
 1566, by JAMES PILKINGTON, Bishop of Durham, " for the 
 bringing up, teaching, and instructing of Children and Youth 
 in Grammar, and other good Learning, to continue for 
 ever:" and endowed by His Lordship with lands, then of 
 the annual value of 30., situate in the County Palatine of 
 Durham ; some of which have lately been sold, and others 
 purchased in their stead, in the Parish of Bolton le Moors, 
 near to the School.
 
 RIVINGTON.] LANCASTER. 715 
 
 The present rental of the estates is about 400. per 
 annum. 
 
 By the Sixth Chapter of the STATUTES it is ordered, 
 
 That " every Governour shall his year about in course, 
 beginning at the Eldest first, take charge of all the goods, tene- 
 ments, and lands belonging to the School, He shall also receive 
 the rents and other money due for that year, and further shall 
 pay the Schoolmaster and Usher their wages, and such other 
 charges as shall go out for that year, And for the true dealing 
 therein, he shall at his entering put into the rest of the Gover- 
 nors' hands, an Obligation of double the value of that he shall 
 receive j which Obligation shall be laid up with the Common 
 Seal, and he shall not receive his Obligation again, until he 
 have made a full accompt and payment of his receipts and laid 
 into the common chest, what money soever shall remain unspent 
 of that his year, And if he be proved not to have dealt truly 
 toward the School, the forfeit of his Obligation shall be taken :" 
 
 " And because the other Governours may the better spie his 
 upright dealing, they shall call for and he shall make afore 
 them, twice in the year, at Midsummer and Christmas, or 
 within ten days next following, a true accompt, both of what he 
 hath received and paid, and if he be found to have paid any 
 thing, without all the Governours' consent, or four of them at 
 the least, besides himself, except it be the Master and Usher 
 wages, or otherwise to deal untruly with the Tenants, or else- 
 where touching the School matters, he shall be put out of the 
 number of Governours for ever, and one other chosen in his 
 roome :" 
 
 " They shall never seal any thing with their Common Seal, 
 except Four of the Governors agree to it at the least. And if it 
 be for putting away any lands, they shall not seal any thing 
 without the consent of all the Six GOVERNOURS, and that only 
 on this condition, to buy as much good land or better as they 
 put away, and that not to be done without the advice of Six 
 other of the discreetest men dwelling within the Towns of the 
 Corporation, or the other Towns next adjoining :" 
 
 " The Governors shall not make any lease of any lands 
 belonging to the School, for more years than Twenty one, or for 
 three lives at the most, nor let more leases forth at once than 
 one, nor renew any leases, until the old leases be forfeited or 
 surrendered, or expired within four years." 
 
 The Governors, within Six weeks after the vacancy of a 
 Master, are to recommend to The Master and Fellows of
 
 716 LANCASTER. [RIVINGTOX. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S College, Cambridge, two persons who have been 
 Students in either of the Universities for Four, or Three 
 years at the least, of the age of Twenty-four years ; one of 
 whom the said Master and Fellows are to elect. 
 
 On the vacancy of an Usher, the Governors are within 
 one month to nominate " a learned and honest man, 11 whom 
 they are to present to the Bishop of Durham or Chester, 
 and if after examination he be found sufficient, he shall then 
 be admitted. 
 
 The School is open to all " our faithfull and leige people 
 wTiosoever they be,"" indefinitely, free of expense. But a pre- 
 ference is given to boys residing within the Six following 
 Townships, which, in the Statutes, are called " THE COR- 
 PORATION OF THE SCHOOL," viz., Rivington, Anglezarch, 
 Fowlds, Anderton, Heath-Charnock, and Horwich. There 
 are no limitations as to age, or number ; and no particular 
 form of Admission. 
 
 The Latin and Greek Grammars in use, are those im- 
 proved by WARD ; and the routine of Education pursued, 
 is the same with that of Grammar Schools in general. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. J. WHITAKER, 
 M. A., who was appointed on the 20th of June, 1815. His 
 Salary is 100. per annum, together with a house, &c. 
 This Gentleman does not take Pupils at present. 
 
 The Salaries of the Usher, and Writing Master, are 50. 
 per annum each, together with Houses, &c. TKey have no 
 Pupils at present. 
 
 The School has of late years been very much reduced. 
 The Trust is now in the hands of Six GOVERNORS, who are 
 all Socinian Presbyterians ! 
 
 The following is a List of the HEAD MASTERS, 
 In 1625. HENRY BODURDA. 
 
 1633. KENWORTHY. 
 
 1635. JOHN CROOKE. 
 1646. HENRY FIELDEN.
 
 RIVINGTON.] LANCASTER. 
 
 In 1678. JOHN BRADLEY. 
 1727. JOHN NORCROSS. 
 1765. JOHN NORCROSS, M. A. 
 1789. RICHARD HARGREAVES, M. A. 
 1799. JOSEPH COWARD, M. A. 
 1801. THOMAS JENNER HOGG, M. A. 
 1805. WILLIAM HEATON, B. A. 
 1815. JOSEPH WHITAKER, M. A.
 
 18 LANCASTER. [ROCHDALE. 
 
 ROCHDALE. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of ROCHDALE was founded by 
 MATTHEW PARKER, D: D., the Second PROTESTANT Arch- 
 bishop of CANTERRURY, by Indenture bearing date the 1st of 
 January, in the Seventh year of the reign of Queen ELIZA- 
 BETH, 1565, the School being built upon a piece of ground 
 near the Church-yard, which was given for that purpose by 
 RICHARD MIDGLEY, then Vicar; and endowed with 15. 
 per annum for the Head Master, and 2. per annum for 
 the Usher, payable by The Archbishop from the Tythes, 
 which were sold in the year 1813. And the Purchasers of 
 the Tythes of the Township of Castleton, in this Parish, are 
 subject in future to the payment of the said sums annually. 
 
 The original Deed is in the Library of CORPUS CHRISTI 
 COLLEGE, Cambridge, the great deposit of Archbishop 
 PARKER'S Manuscripts, and is attested by ROBERT HORNE, 
 Bishop of Winchester, RICHARD Cox, Bishop of Ely, 
 ALEXANDER NOWELL, Dean of St. Paul's, THOMAS WATTS, 
 Archdeacon of Middlesex, and JOHN HAMONDE, Chancellor 
 to the Bishop of London. They were present also at the 
 delivery of the Charter and Title Deeds to JAMES WOULD- 
 FENDEN, Clothier, and JOHN WARBARTON, Merchant, both 
 of Rochdale, Proxies for the Parish, on the 18th of June, 
 1571. 
 
 The School Chamber is let for 4.. 4. per annum, to 
 which sum the Master is entitled. 
 
 A messuage, with certain lands and premises situate in 
 Ardesley, in the County of York, are subject to the payment 
 of 3. annually to the Master ; but this sum has not been 
 paid for the last Seventeen years ! 
 
 The Master receives 2. annually from CHARLES CHAD- 
 WICK, Esq., of Healey Hall, in the Parish of Rochdale ; and
 
 ROCHDALE.] LANCASTER. 719 
 
 also 13..10..0. annually from an estate, called " Newfield 
 Head" in the Township of Butterworth, in the same Parish ; 
 being subsequent Endowments. 
 
 The School is open to the Boys of the Parish, to be in- 
 structed in the Latin language and true Piety, free of 
 expense. About Thirty Scholars are educated at the School. 
 None are admitted at present upon The Foundation ; but 
 several are taught the Latin language, free of expense ; yet 
 all pay a guinea and a half per Quarter, as they are in- 
 structed in other branches of Literature besides what is 
 required upon The Foundation. 
 
 Boys are admitted so soon as they are capable of receiving 
 instruction, paying a guinea entrance; and may continue 
 until their education be completed. 
 
 The ETON Latin Grammar, and the WESTMINSTER Greek 
 Grammar, are in use. And, in addition to the Classics, 
 writing, arithmetic, history, geography, c., are also taught. 
 SAMUEL RADCLIFFE, D. D., Principal of Brasen-Nose 
 College, Oxford, from 1614 to 1648, bequeathed in the latter 
 year lands in Harrowden, in the County of Bedford, amount- 
 ing to the yearly value of 40. for Two SCHOLARS, from 
 the Schools of Steeple Aston, in the County of Oxford, of 
 Rochdale or Middleton, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, 
 or any of the Undergraduates of Brasen-Nose College, 
 who are unpreferred. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM HODG- 
 SON, whose Salary arises from the Endowment, and the 
 Quarterage already mentioned. This Gentleman does not 
 take Boarders. 
 
 The Revd.TnoMAs DUNHAM WHITAKER, LL.D., Author 
 of the " History of the original Parish of Whalley," and 
 other much approved Publications, received the early part of 
 his Education at this School, under The Revd. JOHN SHAW, 
 whom he gratefully describes, as being " an industrious and 
 able Master, and to whom he still feels himself daily indebted. 1 '
 
 ?20 LANCASTER. [WHALLEY. 
 
 WH ALLEY, near CLITHEROE. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WHALLEY was founded 
 by King EDWARD the Sixth. The original Endowment 
 was Twenty marks (l3..6..8), payable out of the Rec- 
 tory of Tunstal in Lancashire, and is now paid by the 
 King's Receiver General out of the Duchy Rents. 
 
 Subsequently, Eighty Pounds belonging to the School 
 were laid out in a purchase of lands in the Township of 
 Great Harwood, for which the Master now receives 4..14..0. 
 per annum. 
 
 And, in the year 1814, Mr. JOHN READ, of Knights- 
 bridge, London, left by Will, dated in September 1813, 
 the sum of 468., which is vested in the 5 per Cent. Navy 
 Annuities ; the Dividend being paid half yearly or yearly. 
 This Gentleman also left by his Will to Mr. ADAM COT- 
 TAM, of Whalley, one of his Executors, a Legacy of 50.; 
 which sum Mr. COTTAM was generously pleased to give 
 to the School, and it is now vested in the same 5 per 
 Cents, and the Dividend thereof is paid at the same tune, 
 and in the same manner. 
 
 There are no Statutes belonging to this School ; neither 
 is there a Common Seal. 
 
 The School is open to the Boys of the Parish at large 
 indefinitely, free of expense, for Classics. And about 
 Thirty Boys are educated at the School, upon an average. 
 It is at the discretion of the Master, at what age Children 
 shall be admitted. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used ; and 
 the routine of Education is similar ta what is pursued 
 jn other Classical Schools. 
 
 In 1572, ALEXANDER NOWELL, the excellent Dean of 
 St. Paul's, left certain Rent charges to The Principal and
 
 WH ALLEY.] LANCASTER. 721 
 
 Fellows of Brasen-Nose College, in Oxford, upon condition, 
 that they paid Five marks a piece to THIRTEEN SCHOLARS, 
 from the Free School of Middleton, or the Schools of 
 Whalley and Burnley, or any other Schools in the County 
 Palatine of Lancaster. 
 
 Boys have been sent from hence to both the Universities 
 of Oxford and Cambridge. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. RICHARD NOBLE, 
 who makes about JO. or 80. per annum of the School. 
 This Gentleman takes Pupils, his terms for Board and 
 Education being 30. a year. 
 
 There is no Second Master. Neither are there any 
 Church Preferments, or advantages, belonging to the School. 
 
 The principal Inhabitants of the Township of Whalley 
 have the appointment of the Master. 
 
 VOL r. 
 
 SA
 
 723 LANCASTER. 
 
 WIGAN. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of the THE BOROUGH of 
 WIGAN appears to have been founded prior to the 16th of 
 King JAMES the First, but by whom is not known, and it 
 is presumed that a small Cottage standing upon " The Old 
 School Common," was the original School. 
 
 JAMES LKIGH, Gentleman, by Indenture dated the llth 
 of January, 1619, gave to certain Trustees an annual Rent 
 of 6. .13. .4., issuing out of the messuage, lands, and tene^ 
 ments in Orrell, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, called 
 " The Ackhurst? and ah 1 other his lands and tenements, for 
 the maintenance of a FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in WIGAN, 
 for the bringing up of poor Scholars of the Parish and 
 Town of Wigan. 
 
 By an Indenture of Feoffment, dated the 1st of February, 
 in the 1 6th of King Charles the Second, 1665, several 
 messuages and lands situate in Aspull, in the County of 
 Lancaster, called " Blackshaye or Backshaye? and their 
 respective appurtenances, and two other Closes situate in 
 Wigan and Wigan Woodhouses, called " The White Ryde- 
 ings? or " Browne Meadows f And also one Annuity of 
 20. issuing out of a messuage in Thames Street, London, 
 called " The Chalice and the Shepherd" and out of other 
 messuages and lands situate in Mincing Lane, London, 
 were conveyed to Sir ROGER BRADSHAIGH and other per- 
 sons, as Trustees, for the maintenance of the FREE GRAM- 
 MAR SCHOOL. 
 
 And by another Indenture of Feoffment, dated the 22d 
 of January, 1723, the revenues of the School were further 
 augmented with a messuage and croft, containing about 
 half an acre, called " Cockerhams House and Croft? situ- 
 ate in a Street in Wigan, called the " The Mill Gate?
 
 WIGAN.] LANCASTER. 723 
 
 upon which the Trustees soon after erected a handsome 
 School of stone. 
 
 It being afterwards presumed that the Foundation would 
 be much unproved and become of general benefit, if certain 
 persons were INCORPORATED as GOVERNORS of the School 
 and it's Revenues, and invested with such other powers as 
 might be reasonable and proper, An Act .of Parliament 
 was accordingly obtained, which received the Royal Assent 
 on the 9th of June, 1812. 
 
 By this Act it is enacted, 
 
 That the present School shall be, and at all times hereafter 
 shall be deemed and taken to be, and shall be called and known 
 by the name of " THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of THE BOROUGH 
 of WIGAN, in the County Palatine of Lancaster :" 
 
 That THE MAYOR of Wigan, and JAMES BARTON, JOHN BLINK- 
 HORN, JOHN WALMSLEY, JOHN HODSON, WILLIAM CLAYTON, 
 THOMAS BARTON, HENRY UNSWORTH, JOHN VAUSE, and RO- 
 BERT LATHAM, which last named Nine persons are the present 
 Feoffees and Trustees of the said School, and are also Aldermen 
 or Burgesses of the said Borough, shall from thenceforth be 
 Governors of the said School, and Feoffees and Trustees of the 
 Messuages, Lands, &c., thereof} and that from thenceforth The 
 Governors of the School, and their Successors, shall be a Body 
 Corporate by the name of " THE GOVERNORS of THE FREE 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL of THE BOROUGH of WIGAN, in the County 
 Palatine of Lancaster," have perpetual Succession, and a Com- 
 mon Seal : and they are also empowered to increase the number 
 of Governors to FIFTEEN : 
 
 The Governors are to elect such Masters, to teach and instruct 
 the Children and Youth who shall be educated at this School, 
 not only in Grammar and Classical Learning, but also in the 
 modern Languages, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography and Ma- 
 thematics, and in such and so many other Branches of Litera- 
 ture and Education as shall from time to time, in the judgment 
 of The Governors, be proper and necessary to render this Found- 
 ation of the most general use and benefit, and as the state of 
 the Revenues of the School will adftit, " nevertheless, there 
 shall be always ONE HEAD MASTER, and ONE USHER, at 
 least." Who are to be paid such annual Stipends as to The Go- 
 vernors shall seem meet, so as the Salary of The Head Master 
 be not less than \QO.per annum, clear of all deductions ; and 
 that of the Usher be not less than 40. a year, clear of all 
 deductions :
 
 724 LANCASTER. [ 
 
 That when in the judgment of The Governors, it shall be 
 thought necessary that the Head Master or Usher ought to be 
 removed by reason of Immorality, Neglect of Duty, Incapacity, 
 or other just or reasonable cause, it shall be lawful for them so 
 to do j so as that Three Calendar Months previous notice in 
 writing under the hands of The Governors, or any Three or 
 more of them, shall be given to the person so to be removed : 
 
 But in case it shall happen that any Head Master or Usher 
 shall be displaced for Incapacity (through the Visitation of 
 God), it shall then be lawful for the Governors to allow out 
 of the Revenues of the School, to such person, having been 
 Head Master or Usher during the term of Fifteen years, during 
 his natural life, or for so long as they shall think proper, such 
 yearly sum of money as shall seem reasonable, not exceeding in 
 the whole the clear yearly sum of '15. to such Head Master, 
 and lO. to such Usher ; and so as the Salary of the succeeding 
 Head Master, and of the Usher for the time being, shall not, 
 by reason of such allowance, be reduced to less than as before 
 mentioned : 
 
 The Head Master or Usher shall not teach or accept any 
 payment whatsoever, for teaching or instructing any person 
 whatsoever besides the Children belonging to the Borough of 
 Wigan, without the leave of the Governors : 
 
 Neither shall the Head Master or Usher officiate as Curate or 
 Lecturer of the Parish Church of Wigan j nor perform any 
 Clerical duty in any Church during the usual hours appointed by 
 The Governors for teaching at the School, without their leave in 
 writing : 
 
 The Under Master or Ushers shall be under the direction of 
 the Head Master, with regard to the Children and Youth to be 
 instructed : 
 
 The Governors are empowered to make Statutes and Bye- 
 Laws, for the general regulations of the Establishment : 
 
 The annual Meeting of The Governors to be on the Second Wed- 
 nesday in June, between the hours of 10 and 12, in the School, 
 or in the Old or New Town-Halls, or some public place within 
 the Borough, as the Mayor for the time being shall appoint by 
 notice under his hand, to be posted on the South door of the 
 Parish Church of Wigan, and in two conspicuous places in or 
 near the Market-place, otfthe Sunday next preceding any such 
 Meeting : 
 
 All the business of the School to be done at regular Meetings 
 of the Governors, at which at least Five shall be present : 
 
 The Proceedings of the Governors are to be entered in Books, 
 which may be produced and read in Evidence in all Courts 
 whatsoever.
 
 WIGAN.] LANCASTER. 725 
 
 By the Act the Governors were empowered to sell the 
 property at Aspull, and to lay out the purchase money in 
 other hereditaments, and they have accordingly sold it and 
 purchased an Estate, called " Dennow" in the Township of 
 Appleton, in the County Palatine of Chester, containing 1 8 
 acres. 
 
 The following is a copy of THE STATUTES, which were 
 made by THE MAYOR of the Corporation of Wigan, lay the 
 advice and consent of all THE TRUSTEES of the School, on 
 the 9th of August, 1664; 
 
 1 . It is limited and ordained, that no person whatsoever shall 
 be capable of being admitted to be principal or head Master of 
 the said Free Grammar School, but such as have taken the de- 
 gree of Master or Bachelor of Arts, in one of the Universities of 
 Oxford or Cambridge, or some Protestant University elsewhere ; 
 or if such cannot be procured, some Undergraduate of the Uni- 
 versities aforesaid, or other sufficient well qualified Scholar, who 
 is to be sober, discreet, and also well skilled and experienced in 
 School Learning, and in the Original Languages, wherein they 
 are to instruct their Scholars : and to the end that they be cer- 
 tainly thus qualified, it is ordained, that before the election of 
 any Master, his abilities aforesaid, shall be tried by the Right 
 Reverend the Lord Bishop of Chester, for the time being, or 
 such other learned orthodox persons as the said Mayor of WIGAN 
 for the time being, and the greater number of Trustees shall de- 
 sire or appoint ; and being very well assured of his sufficiency 
 and integrity, the said principal or head Master, shall first be and 
 remain six months upon trial in the said School, and then upon 
 further approbation, shall be confirmed principal Master of the 
 said Grammar School, under the hands of the said Mayor of 
 WIGAN for the tune being/ and the greater number of the said 
 Trustees, at which time the said Master shall subscribe a bond 
 of 100. that he shall submit to the rules and orders of the 
 School, and quietly depart from and leave the possession of the 
 same, when the said Mayor of WIGAN, and the greater number 
 of Trustees shall require. 
 
 2. It is ordained, that no person shall be capable of being 
 Usher or under Master of the Free-School of WIGAN, but such 
 as are of competent knowledge and learning both in the Latin 
 and Greek Tongues, and so well qualified in School learning as 
 may enable them to instruct their Scholars in case of the head 
 Master's absence, and that shall be fit and capable by reason of
 
 726 LANCASTER. [WIGAN. 
 
 their learning and abilities to be received and entertained in either 
 of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, and the trial hereof , 
 to be before the said Reverend Lord Bishop of Chester, for the 
 time being, or such other learned orthodox persons, as the said 
 Mayor of WIGAN for the time being, and the greater number of 
 Trustees, shall desire or appoint. 
 
 3. It is ordained, that if any person or persons so elected and 
 appointed as Master or Usher, shall afterwards be found insuffi- 
 cient, or remissly negligent, or upon just occasion be detected of 
 notorious licentiousness, such as common swearing, drunken- 
 ness, a common haunter of ale-houses and taverns, or otherwise 
 scandalous, or shall take upon him any other charge or employ- 
 ment to the hindrance of his or their employment of the duty of 
 the said places : that then the said Mayor for the time being, 
 and the greater number of the said Trustees, upon assured evi- 
 dence, or their own knowledge thereof, shall remove him or 
 either of them, found so obnoxious to good rule and govern- 
 ment, and cease all further payments to him or them, (save for 
 the time he or they shall serve) and in their room, elect or settle 
 such other sufficient Master and Usher in the said places and 
 employments, qualified as before mentioned, as the said Mayor 
 and Trustees shall think fit. 
 
 4. The Schoolmaster and Usher, elected and appointed as 
 aforesaid, shall be constantly resident and attendant upon their 
 trust, and if either be observed to be absent from the School at 
 the times hereafter mentioned for his attendance without the 
 Mayor of WIGAN'S consent, and to neglect his due performance 
 in the instructing of the Scholars, so that upon complaint, inqui- 
 ry, and examination, it be found to be true by the said Mayor for 
 the time being, and the greater number of the Trustees, and 
 thereupon the Master or Usher being admonished and no amend- 
 ment immediately follow, then the said Mayor and Trustees, 
 upon three months warning, shall remove them, and proceed to 
 elect and settle other sufficient persons, qualified as beforesaid in 
 their place and office. And if the Master or Usher at any time 
 desire to depart for their preferment or otherwise, they shall 
 give three months warning to the Mayor of WIGAN, upon pain of 
 forty shillings, to be deducted out of their wages, that so the 
 School may not be disappointed of constant teaching. 
 
 5. No Schoolmaster or Usher shall keep any ale-house or ta- 
 vern, or house of gaming, or other unthriftiness, or evil rule. 
 
 6. The Schoolmaster and Usher shall not be absent from the 
 School at one and the same time, that so the School may not be 
 neglected. 
 
 7. It is ordained, that the Schoolmaster for the time being,
 
 WIGAN.] LANCASTER: 727 
 
 shall have and receive the sum of 30. per annum, and the 
 Usher lO. per annum, standing wages, to be paid quarterly, 
 and the first payment to commence on the 29th Day of Septem- 
 ber next ensuing the date hereof. 
 
 8. The Master shall take special care of the LIBRARY now 
 belonging to the School, or that shall hereafter be bought for 
 the School, to have a perfect catalogue of them written in a book 
 to be fixed to the desk, there always to remain, of all such books, 
 as are or shall be bought, together with the names of the au- 
 thors, title, and edition, together with the number of the 
 volumes of the said books, with the names of any future Donors, 
 and shall be ready to give a true and perfect account of the said 
 Library, when the said Mayor for the time being, and the greater 
 number of Trustees shall require it, and that none of the said 
 books (upon any pretence whatsoever) shall be lent out or re- 
 moved out of the said Library at any time ; and the Master and 
 Usher for the time being, shall, from time to time appoint such 
 or so many Scholars as he or they know fit to make use of the 
 said Library books, or so many of them as shall be useful for 
 their better profiting in their respective way of learning, and that 
 none whosoever, shall be suffered to write in, or scratch, or de- 
 face with pen, or otherwise, any of the said books, and that once 
 in a week by the care and appointment of the Master or Usher, 
 the dust shall be beaten and put off the said books, and the like 
 care to be taken by them for the preservation and good usage of 
 them, as by experience they shall find best, or otherwise shall be 
 advised. 
 
 9. The Master may grant part of a day, for recreation in a 
 month, and no more, except it be by the consent of the Mayor 
 of WIGAN for the time being, provided it be not on Friday, mar- 
 ket day ; and also, each Thursday in the afternoon, from three 
 o'clock in the summer half year, and the whole afternoon in the 
 winter half year shall be a remedy for recreation, and for the 
 winter half year, the School shall be continued as now it is ac- 
 customed, till twelve o'clock. 
 
 10. If the Master or Usher be visited or inflicted with an hor- 
 rible loathsome or contagious disease, he shall be removed by 
 the Mayor and Trustees for the time being, with some charitable 
 relief out of the revenues of the said School, to be extended to- 
 wards him at the discretion of the said Mayor and Trustees, and 
 another meet person be chosen in his stead that shall be re- 
 moved. 
 
 11. The Master or Usher upon the first meeting every morn- 
 ing, after a solemn prayer for God's blessing, shall cause a 
 chapter to be read by any Scholar he pleaseth to appoint ; and 
 before their departure in the evening, they shall sing one of
 
 728 LANCASTER. 
 
 David's psalms, or a part thereof, as the Master or Usher shall 
 appoint, and then conclude with prayers and thanksgiving ; and 
 hereof the Master and Usher are enjoined to take care that these 
 religious duties be duly and diligently performed and attended 
 by the Scholars, as becometh such holy performances, to which 
 end, the Master is to have a roll of all the Scholars, which is to 
 be orderly called over twice or thrice every week, that the absent 
 Scholars may be punished for their negligence, according as the 
 Master and Usher judge meet. 
 
 12. The Master and Usher shall take special care that the 
 Scholars do constantly repair to the Church every Lord's day, 
 morning and afternoon, and other days set apart for God's 
 worship, and to be placed together in the Church, with, or near 
 the Master or Usher, if so there be, or hereafter shall be any 
 conveniency procured so to do, and that they decently and reve- 
 rently behave themselves during the time of public prayers and 
 sermons, and submit themselves to be publicly catechised as 
 the Rector of WIGAN or his Curate shall from time to time ap- 
 point : and that one or more Scholars be appointed to view and 
 take notice of such Scholars as shall be absent, or not decently 
 behave themselves during the time of public prayers and ser- 
 mons, and that every Monday morning, account shall be required 
 by the Master or Usher of any so offending, who shall be cor- 
 rected as the nature of the offence shall deserve. And it is fur- 
 ther ordained, that every Monday morning after reading of the 
 chapter, some short convenient time shall be spent by the Master 
 or Usher, or both, in calling some Scholars at one time, and 
 some at another, to give an account of their profiting on the 
 Sabbath day before ; and to the end that catechising being of 
 such singular use for the training up of youth in the knowledge 
 of the oracles of God, and may be the better carried on, the 
 Master or Usher, or both, shall spend one hour at least, every 
 other Saturday throughout, in catechising the Scholars. 
 
 13. The School shall break up six days before the feast of 
 our blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, and three days be- 
 fore Easter and Whit- Sunday, and not sooner, and the Master 
 shall begin to teach, after Christmas, upon the next week-day 
 after the 12th day, and after Easter, on the Monday next after 
 Low Sunday, and after Whitsuntide, upon Monday after Trinity- 
 Sunday, Saturdays in the afternoon, with all holidays used in the 
 Church of England, are to be allowed for the Scholars' refresh- 
 ments as is accustomed. 
 
 14. The Master shall teach and read classical authors, chaste 
 and clear, in order to grammatical learning and knowledge of 
 the tongues, with a special regard to the Protestant religion, 
 morality, and pure language, such as Tully, Caesar's Coalmen-
 
 WIGAN.] LANCASTER. 729 
 
 taries, Sallust, and Livy, with what others are most used in the 
 best Free Schools for Prose j and for Verse, Virgil, Ovid, Ho- 
 race, and Terence ; for Greek, the Greek Grammar, Greek Tes- 
 tament, Isocrates, or Xenophon his Cyrus, with such other 
 authors for Verse or Greek, as are usually taught in the best 
 Schools. 
 
 15. The hours of coming and departing from the School from 
 the 10th of March to the 10th of September yearly, shall be 
 from seven o'clock to eleven o'clock, and from one o'clock until 
 five o'clock in the afternoon, and from the said 10th day of Sep- 
 tember to the said 10th day of March, from half an hour after 
 seven o'clock (save about two months when the days are shortest, 
 from eight o'clock) till eleven o'clock, and from one o'clock till 
 three, four, or five o'clock in the afternoon, according as conve- 
 nient day-light may fall out for the Scholars going home, it 
 being ordained, that no candles shall be used in the School for 
 teaching at any tune. 
 
 16. That no children that have upon them any noisome, or 
 infectious diseases, shall, during the same time be admitted, and 
 if after admission they shall fall into such maladies, they shall 
 be absent until they are perfectly cured. 
 
 17. The Master and Usher shall have a special care to the 
 good manners and decent deportment of the Scholars towards 
 all persons, and shall exemplarily punish all misdemeanors, 
 especially the crimes of swearing, cursing, lying, drunkenness, 
 filthy or obscene talking, or acting, reproaching or miscalling 
 persons by foul language, gaming for any thing of price, and in 
 an especial manner, shall diligently endeavour to see the Lord's 
 Day kept free from any profanation, (as much as in them lieth) 
 as well after, as during the Scholars being in the Church. 
 
 18. All Scholars of what degree soever, are to submit to due 
 correction from the Schoolmaster or Usher, which shall be pro- 
 mised by their parents at their admission, and referred to the 
 Schoolmaster's discretion ; and all stubborn and disobedient 
 Scholars that are pertinatiously and exemplarily bad, by resisting 
 the Master or Usher, or offering to struggle with, strike, spurn, 
 and abuse the Master or Usher, when he or they are orderly 
 correcting them for their fault, after two admonitions, wherewith 
 their parents or friends shall be acquainted, shall the third time 
 be expelled the School, after due proof thereof made before the 
 Mayor of WIGAN and the greater number of Trustees for the 
 time being : and those parents that molest the Schoolmaster, 
 against reason and order, for correction of their children, their 
 children shall be utterly expelled the School for ever, unless they 
 can prove the correction unreasonable ; and all the Scholars 
 shall be obedient and ready to help the Master or Usher, for the
 
 730 LANCASTER. [WIGAN. 
 
 due and lawful correction of any stubborn Scholar that re- 
 sisteth. 
 
 19. No Scholars shall bring to the School, or wear any wea- 
 pons, neither shall any Scholar make any affray on his fellow 
 Scholar, upon pain of severe correction from the Master or Usher, 
 and if any Scholar be a common quarreller and setter of debate 
 and fightings amongst the Scholars, and will not amend after 
 correction and admonition by the Master or Usher, upon com- 
 plaint of the Master or Usher to the Mayor of WIGAN for the 
 time being, and the greater number of Trustees, and due proof 
 made thereof, he shall be expelled the School. 
 
 20. No Scholar, being in health, shall be absent above six 
 days together, and that with the Master's allowance, and if he 
 shall be absent longer, after admonition of the Scholar, or notice 
 given to the parent or friends, unless in some extraordinary case, 
 and the Master approving the cause, shall forfeit all privelege or 
 priveleges in the School, unless the said Mayor of WIGAN, and 
 greater number of Trustees for the time being, upon hearing the 
 cause, do order re-admission, upon promise from parents or 
 friends, that there shall be more constant attendance for the fu- 
 ture upon the School for their better profiting in learning. 
 
 21. All Scholars that have attained to such progress in learn- 
 ing as to be able to speak Latin, shall neither within School or 
 without, when they are among the Scholars of the same or a 
 higher rule, speak English ; and that the Master shall shew 
 which are the forms that shall observe this order of speaking 
 Latin, and shall take care that it be observed, and due correction 
 given to those that do neglect it. 
 
 22. Each Scholar shall be .placed according to his progress in 
 learning, and without partiality preferred by the Master accord- 
 ing to his desert ; and in case of injury offered herein by the 
 Master, there shall be appeal to the Mayor of WIGAN, and greater 
 number of Trustees for the time being. 
 
 23. That once in six weeks, or in two months at the furthest, 
 throughout the year, Saturday in the forenoon shall be spent by 
 many of the upper forms as shall be fitted for it, in such exer- 
 cises as the construing of such authors of themselves, as the 
 Master shall appoint, proposing of grammatical or historical 
 questions one unto another, and making declamations, and such 
 like exercises as may tend to the begetting of an emulation in 
 learning amongst the Scholars. 
 
 24. No Scholars shall at any time, with a knife, or otherwise, 
 cut or break the windows, wainscot, forms, seats, tables, desks, 
 doors, or any other materials belonging to the School or Library, 
 the Master upon conviction of such offender or offenders, shall 
 give him or them exemplary punishments.
 
 WIGAN.] LANCASTER. 731 
 
 25. The Usher shall stand to the Master's direction for method 
 and order of teaching, also the Master shall often examine the 
 profiting of the Scholars, and the Usher's teaching, and by him- 
 self (or if need be) by advice of the Mayor of WIGAN and Trus- 
 tees for the time being, take course for regulating of what shall 
 be amiss. 
 
 26. The Scholars' play shall be shooting the long bow, run- 
 ning, leaping, and other harmless sports, but to avoid cards, 
 dice, and other unlawful games, betting openly or covertly, upon 
 pain of extreme punishment. 
 
 27. These Statutes and Orders, fairly written, shall be fixed 
 upon a convenient place, publicly in the said School, and the 
 Master shall cause them to be read or shewed to all such persons 
 as offer their children to be admitted Scholars, and also, they 
 shall be openly read in the School, once in a quarter of a year, 
 from time to time, that so none may plead ignorance ; and if 
 any parents or friends refuse to have their children or relations 
 to observe these Statutes and Orders, or any of them, they are 
 not to be admitted into the School. 
 
 28. The Mayor of WIGAN, and greater number of Trustees 
 for the time being, apprehending defects in any Statutes and 
 Orders, herein comprised, and that other Orders are necessary, 
 and may further tend to the good of the said School, shall meet 
 so often as shall be requisite, (at the least twice in every year) 
 to enlarge, alter, and change in substance or words, what by 
 experience and prudent counsel shall appear to be beneficial to 
 the furtherance of literature and education of youth. 
 
 llth June, 1760. ORDERED further, by THE TRUSTEES 
 of the said School, 
 
 First, that the Head Master shall not for the future have under 
 his care and instruction, any Scholar or Scholars who shall not 
 be then fit to be instructed in the Grammar : and that no School- 
 master or Usher shall hereafter teach or instruct any Scholar or 
 other person, Writing or Arithmetic, in the School hours : and the 
 Scholars shall not for the future, be allowed to be absent from 
 the School in order to go home to Breakfast. 
 
 2nd October, 1711. That the Usher shall not hereafter take 
 upon him to teach and instruct any Scholar or Scholars but what 
 are in the Testament and Books above. 
 
 There was originally no limitation as to the number of 
 Scholars, but the TRUSTEES have found it necessary to re- 
 strict the number to EIGHTY. They are admitted at any
 
 732 LANCASTER. [ 
 
 age, provided they can read in the English Testament, and 
 they are allowed to remain as long as they please. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the System of Edu- 
 cation is in a great measure left to the discretion of the 
 Master. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advant- 
 ages, belonging to this School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. THOMAS COL- 
 LETT, whose Sahiry is \30. per annum. This Gentleman 
 takes Boarders at Fifty guineas a year each. 
 
 The Second Master does not take Boarders,
 
 WIN-WICK.] LANCASTER* 733 
 
 WINWICK, near WARRINGTON. 
 
 THE FEEE SCHOOL at WINWICK was founded by GWALTER 
 LEGH, Esq., and endowed with 10. per annum. 
 
 In 1618, Sir PETEB LEGH, of Lyme, in the County Pala- 
 tine of Chester, Knight, and great Nephew of the Founder, 
 re-built the School-house, and added 14. per annum to 
 the Endowment, making the whole 24, chargeable upon 
 lands in HaydocJc, in the Parish of Winwick. 
 
 Lord LILFORD who married Miss ATHERTON, the heiress 
 of the Aiherton estate, pays the Master 5. per annum from 
 that Estate. 
 
 And Mr. ROTHWELL, of Hook, pays 5. per annum also 
 from an Estate in Hoole. 
 
 The School is open to the boys of the Town and Parish 
 of Winwick, and has been distinguished for a Century past 
 as a Classical School. The House is well calculated for the 
 reception of Boarders, - the late Dr. PRINCE having had at 
 least FIFTY, and the present Master, 'i he Revd. ROBERT 
 BARLOW, having now about the same number. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advant- 
 ages, belonging to this School. 
 
 The family of LEGH. of Lyme and Haydock, is Patron of 
 the School, and it's present Representative is, THOMAS 
 LEGH, Esq., M. P. for Newton. 
 
 The whole Township of Winwick belongs to the Rector 
 of Winwick as Rector, except the School-house and a small 
 quantity of land adjacent to it. 
 
 Mr. LEGH is also Patron of the School at NEWTON, in 
 the Parish of Winwick, the Endowment of which is about 
 50. per annum. That, however, is merely an English 
 School. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. JOHN SZDGWICK.
 
 734 LEICESTER. [APPLEBY PARVA. 
 
 APPLEBY PARVA, near ATHERSTONE. 
 
 THE FBEE SCHOOL at APPLET PARVA was founded by Sir 
 JOHN MOORE, Knight, a Merchant in London, and some 
 time in The East India Trade, by which he raised an ample 
 fortune. His father possessed the Manor of Appleby, but 
 that was given to the eldest Son. He was elected Alder- 
 man of Walbrook Ward, in 1671 ; one of the Sheriffs of 
 London and Middlesex, in 1672 ; Lord Mayor, in 1681 ; 
 and, in the same year, was elected President of Chrisfs 
 Hospital, to which he was ,a great Benefactor, particularly 
 in erecting and endowing a magnificent Pile of Buildings 
 for the Writing and Mathematical Schools, on which he 
 bestowed upwards of 10,000. He was also one of the 
 Representatives in Parliament for the City, in 1685. In 
 NORTH'S Examen, p. 596, is a noble character of him. And 
 for his Services during his Mayoralty, " which was a time 
 of great tryal and difficulty," CHARLES the Second granted 
 to him this Augmentation to his Arms, viz., on a canton 
 Gules, a Lion of England. He died on the 2d of June, 
 1702, and was buried in the Church of St. Dunstan in the 
 East, leaving his estates, to the amount of about 80,000. 
 to his Grand- Nephew, JOHN MOULD, of Kentwell Hall, in 
 the County of Suffolk, Esquire ; who, in consequence 
 thereof, obtained an Act of Parliament to enable him to as- 
 sume the name of MOORE. He left nothing to his Father's 
 family at Appleby. 
 
 Sir JOHN had no estate at Appleby except that on which 
 he built the School. And he munificently endowed the 
 Establishment with 228 acres of land, situate at Upton, in 
 the Parish of Sibbeston, in the County of Leicester ; upon 
 which suitable Farm houses are erected.
 
 APPLEBY PARVA.] LEICESTER. 735 
 
 No additions to the original endowment have been made. 
 The School, which is a handsome brick building, was de- 
 signed by Sir CHRISTOPHER WREN. The Grammar School- 
 room, a spacious apartment, occupying the whole of the 
 centre between the wings, is 100 feet in length, 50 feet in 
 breadth, and 30 feet in height. At the Upper end of it, 
 over the Head Master's Chair, in an arch in the wall, stands, 
 in full proportion, the figure of THE FOUNDER in his Offi- 
 cial robes, the mace and sword on the Pillars on either side. 
 Above is a festoon of Flower-work, under which are his 
 Arms in a stone-scroll. Beneath the Statue (which cost 
 j500.) is this inscription: 
 
 To the Memory of 
 Sir JOHN MOORE, Knight, and Alderman of the 
 
 City of London, who erected this School 
 
 anno domini 1697> and endowed the same for 
 
 the Education of the Male Children of the Parishes 
 
 and Towns of Appleby, Norton, Austrey, 
 Newton in The Thistles, Stretton in The Field, 
 
 Measham, Snarston, and Chilcott; 
 and by the Statutes made A.D. 1706, 
 It was made FREE FOR ALL ENGLAND. 
 
 The top is covered with lead, as is also the Turret, in 
 which is a Clock and Bell. 
 
 At the North Front are Cloisters, and over the entrance 
 are the Arms of The Founder, in a stone-scrolL 
 
 At the South Front were also Cloisters. They were ta- 
 ken down in the ye :r 1786, when a large and comfortable 
 Dining or Sitting-room for the use of the boys, with a neat 
 Study at the end for The Head Master, was erected in 
 their plate. 
 
 The Right Wing and Apartments over the Grammar 
 School are in the occupation of the Head Master, and are 
 capable of accommodating, in lofty Bed-rooms, Fifty Board- 
 ers, besides his own Family. 
 
 The Left Wing is appropriated to The Second or Eng- 
 lish Master, with the exception of two rooms on the first 
 Story, which are used for an English and Writing School.
 
 736 LEICESTER. [APPLEBY PARVA. 
 
 In front of the School is an excellent grass Play-ground, 
 of more than two acres in extent, which is inclosed by a 
 brick wall. 
 
 This noble Foundation is under the direction of THIR- 
 TEEN GOVERNORS, who meet annually on Saint Barnabas 
 (llth of June) to transact the concerns of the Establish- 
 ment, assisted by a Treasurer. Two or Three of the num- 
 ber are required to be of The Founder's name (MOORE), 
 and the remainder to be elected, as Vacancies arise, out of 
 the neighbouring Gentlemen or Clergy, by the surviving 
 Governors. 
 
 THE TRUST at present consists of the following Gentle- 
 men: 
 
 Sir HENRY CREWE, Bart., of Calke Abbey, Derbyshire. 
 Sir FRANCIS BURUETT, Bart., M. P. 
 Sir W. B. CAVE, Bart., of Stretton in The Field, Der- 
 byshire. 
 
 D. S. I)UGDALE, Esq., M. P. 
 
 C. E. REPINGTON, Esq., Armington-Hall, Warwick- 
 shire. 
 
 W. P. INGE, Esq., Thorpe Constantine, Staffordshire. 
 The Revd. WM. GRESLEY, Rector of Nether SeaJ, 
 
 Leicestershire. 
 
 G. MOORE, Esq., Snareston, Leicestershire. 
 THOMAS MOORE, Esq., near Nottingham. 
 JOHN MOORE, Esq., Appleby, Leicestershire. 
 S. F.S. PERKINS, Esq.,Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire. 
 The Revd. THOMAS JONES, Rector of Appleby. N.B. 
 The Rector of Appleby, for the time being, is al- 
 ways a Governor of The School. 
 
 There are THREE MASTERS upon The Foundation ; a 
 LATIN MASTER, who is required by The Statutes to be a 
 Master of Arts of one of The English Universities : an 
 ENGLISH MASTER, who must at least be a Bachelor of Arts; 
 and a WRITING-MASTER. 
 They are required to give instruction to all boys indis-
 
 APPLEBY PARVA.] LEICESTER. 737 
 
 criminately, in their respective departments, without gra- 
 tuity. Their Salary is their Recompense. % 
 
 The Grammars in use are, WARD'S Latin Grammar, and 
 the ETON Greek. 
 
 The Routine of Education pursued is, when a Boy can re- 
 peat with tolerable accuracy his Accidence and " Propria qua 
 maribus," the nomenclature is used for one Lesson a day, to 
 teach him the application of the Rules of " Propria," in deter- 
 mining the Genders of Nouns, and to perfect him in declining 
 Nouns : for his other Lessons he learns ft As in prcesenti." 
 When perfect in that part of Grammar he proceeds to the Eng- 
 lish Syntax, learning the Rules and applying them to the Ex- 
 amples, and the Verbs from the Nomenclature take place of the 
 Lesson of Nouns. To thissucceedCoRDERius's Colloquies, using 
 in parsing the Rules of the English Syntax (as being more intel- 
 ligible to boys of this age), and CLARKE'S Introduction to the 
 making of Latin ; when CORDERIUS becomes easy to the 
 Learner, EUTROPIUS is substituted for it. The next step is to 
 CORNELIUS NEPOS andPn-EDRUs's Fables, \rithExempla Minora 
 for an Evening Exercise. N. B. The daily Lessons are, Two in 
 the Morning, and Two in the Afternoon. During this stage a 
 Boy becomes acquainted with the Latin Syntax and Prosody. 
 Latin translated into English, and viceversd, constitute the Even- 
 ing Exercises, and on Holidays. N. B. The Holidays are Saturday 
 Afternoon always, Saints' days, or Tuesday or Thursday After- 
 noon, as it suits the inclination of The Head Master, who alone 
 is empowered to give a Holiday. N. B. A long Vacation at 
 Midsummer, and at Christmas. The next Books used are 
 " Selectee e profanis," and " Etecta ex Ovidio," with Exempla 
 moralia for Exercises. Nonsense Verses once a week. At this 
 time the Greek Grammar comes into use. Then CAESAR'S Com- 
 mentaries, and OVID'S Metamorphoses, and Greek Sentences, 
 Eton. Latin Verses, the English being supplied to the Pupils, 
 supersede Nonsense Verses as an Exercise, Then SALLUST and 
 VIRGIL, and .5sop's Fables. Next, the Three Books of LIVY, 
 which were edited by H. HOMER for Rugby School, and TER- 
 ENCE'S Comedies, Grteci Scriptores, Eton, and Greek Epigrams, 
 Eton. N. B. Books are used in the following order, viz., Latin 
 Prose in the Morning, then Greek Poetry in the Evening ; next 
 day Greek Prose in the Morning, and Latin Poetry in the After- 
 noon. The next remove is CICERO'S Orations, and HORACE, 
 XENOPHON'S Cyropccdia, and HOMER'S Iliad ; in making Latin 
 Dr. VALPY'S Elegantice : Themes, verses without assistance, 
 and Translations constitute the Exercises. Then TACITUS dc 
 VOL. i. SB
 
 738 LEICESTER. [APPLEBY PARVA. 
 
 moribus Germanorum, and de vita Agricolce, and JUVENAL, with 
 DEMOSTHENES'S Orations, and a Play of SOPHOCLES or EURI- 
 PIDES. This course generally proves as much as a Boy's stay at 
 School admits of. One Hour each Morning, and Afternoon, is 
 spent in the Writing- School. Thursday Morning is always 
 appropriated to Geography and History ; for lesser boys, a Geo- 
 graphy System in Question and Answer, for bigger boys, Dr. 
 BUTLER'S. Saturday Morning is allotted to Divinity ; the younger 
 boys in learning the Church Catechism, with an Explanation ; 
 the elder, in translating the Catechism, and Thirty-nine Articles, 
 with WELCHMAN'S notes, into Latin, in reading the Lessons, &c., 
 for the following day, with an Explanation of the Service, and 
 one of SECKER'S Lectures. This System has been persevered in 
 by the present Head Master for Sixteen years, and with the 
 utmost advantage to the Pupils. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, Scholarships, nor other Uni- 
 versity advantages; neither are there any Church Prefer- 
 ments, belonging to this School. 
 
 The Salaries of the Masters, Taxes, and Repairs of the 
 Buildings, together with incidental expenses, occasion a 
 Disbursement of nearly the whole of the annual Revenues. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. GEORGE WOOD 
 LLOYD, M. A., whose Salary is 80. per annum, together 
 with a very spacious House, with Garden, Orchard, and 
 convenient Out-buildings, rent free. This worthy Gentleman 
 receives a limited number of Boarders into his House, at the 
 very moderate charge of 30. per annum. 
 
 The present English Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM 
 HOMER, M. A. This Gentleman has declined taking Boarders 
 for some years past. 
 
 The present Writing-Master is, Mr. WILLIAM HAGUE. 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS, since the 
 Foundation of The School: 
 
 In 1707. The Revd. GEORGE WAIT, M. A. 
 1725. The Revd. SAMUEL MARTIN, M. A. 
 1739. The Revd. THOMAS MOULD, M. A. 
 
 The Revd. RALPH CHURTON, M. A., Rector of 
 Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire, and
 
 APPLEBY PARVA.] LEICESTER. 739 
 
 Archdeacon of St. David's; well known in 
 the Literary world by his many valuable 
 Publications; elected, but, on his declining 
 to accept the situation, 
 
 1779. The Revd. JOHN DEWE, M. A. 
 
 1794. The Revd. SAMUEL DEWE, M. A. 
 
 1800. The Revd. GEORGE WOOD LLOYD, M. A. 
 Mr. BOSWELL, in his incomparable Life of Dr. JOHNSON, 
 tell us, that though elevated into Fame by his eminently 
 excellent Poem of " L.ONDON," and conscious of uncommon 
 powers, he had not that bustling confidence, or, rather, that 
 animated ambition, which one might have supposed would 
 have urged him to endeavour at rising in life. But such 
 was his inflexible dignity of character, that he could not 
 stoop to court the Great; without which, hardly any man 
 has made his way to a High Station. He could not expect 
 to produce many such works as his " LONDON,"" and he felt 
 the hardships of writing 1 for bread : he was, therefore, 
 willing to resume the office of a Schoolmaster, so as to have 
 a sure, though moderate income for his life ; and an offer 
 being made to him of The Mastership of a School, (now as- 
 certained to have been this of Appleby), provided he could 
 obtain the Degree of Master of Arts, a requisite qualification 
 in the Teacher, Dr. ADAMS was applied to, by a common 
 friend, to know whether that could be granted to him as a 
 favour from The University of Oxford. But, although he 
 had made such a figure in the Literary World, it was then 
 thought too great a favour to be asked. 
 
 POPE, without any knowledge of him but from his 
 " LONDON," recommended him to Earl GOWER, who endea- 
 voured to procure for him a Degree from Dublin, by the 
 following Letter to a friend of Dean SWIFT : 
 
 "Sir, 
 
 Mr. SAMUEL JOHNSON (Author of LONDON, a Satire, 
 and some other Poetical pieces) is a Native of this Country,
 
 740 LEICESTER. ' [APPLEBY PAHVA. 
 
 and much respected by some worthy Gentlemen in this 
 Neighbourhood, who are Trustees of a Charity-School now 
 vacant. The certain Salary is Sixty Pounds a year, of which 
 they are desirous to make him Master ; but, unfortunately, 
 he is not capable of receiving their Bounty, which would 
 make him happy for life, by not being a Master of Arts ; 
 which, by the Statutes of this School, the Master of it 
 must be. 
 
 " Now these Gentlemen do me the honour to think, that 
 I have interest enough in you, to prevail upon you to write 
 to Dean SWIFT, to persuade The University of Dublin to 
 send a Diploma to me, constituting this poor man Master of 
 Arts in their University. They highly extol the man's 
 learning and probity ; and will not be persuaded, that the 
 -University will make any difficulty of conferring such a 
 favour upon a Stranger, if he is recommended by The Dean. 
 They say, he is not afraid of the strictest Examination, 
 though he is of so long a Journey ; and will venture it, if 
 The Dean thinks it necessary ; choosing rather to die upon 
 the road, than be starved to death in translating" for Book- 
 setters ; which has been his only subsistence for some time 
 past. 
 
 " I fear there is more difficulty in this affair, than those 
 good-natured Gentlemen apprehend; especially, as their 
 Election cannot be delayed longer than the llth of next 
 Month. If you see this matter in the same light that it 
 appears to me, I hope you will burn this, and pardon me 
 for giving you so much trouble about an impracticable thing ; 
 But, if you think there is a probability of obtaining the 
 favour asked, I am sure your Humanity, and propensity to 
 relieve MERIT in distress, will incline you to serve the poor 
 man, without my adding any more to the trouble I have 
 already given you, than assuring you that I am, with great 
 
 truth, Sir, your faithful Servant, 
 
 GOWER." 
 " Trentham, 1st August, 1739."
 
 APPLEBY PARVA.] LEICESTER. 741 
 
 It was, perhaps, no small disappointment to JOHNSON 
 that this respectable application had not the desired effect. 
 Yet how much reason has there been, both for himself and 
 his Country, to rejoice that it did not succeed, as he might 
 probably have wasted in obscurity those hours, in which he 
 afterwards produced his INVALUABLE WORKS. BOSWELL'S 
 Life of Johnson, vol. 1, pp. 107-111. 
 
 Numerous Gentlemen of great respectability and private 
 worth have been educated at this School ; and among them 
 may be recorded, The Right Honble. WILLIAM HUSKIS- 
 SON, M. P. for Chichester 
 
 Mr. JOHN GLOVER, celebrated for the perfection to which 
 he has carried the art of drawing in Water Colours, com- 
 menced his career in life as a Writing-Master in this School 
 which office he held some years. 
 
 The Parish of Appleby extends into the County of Derby.
 
 LEICESTER. [ASHBY DE LA ZOUCH. 
 
 ASHBY de la ZOUCH. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at ASHBY de la ZOUCH was founded 
 in the Ninth year of the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, 1567, 
 by HENRY Earl of HUNTINGDON, Lord HASTINGS of Lough- 
 borough, ROBERT BROOKESBY, NICHOLAS ASHBYE, and 
 ROBERT BAYNBRIG, " for instructing Youth in good morals, 
 learning, knowledge, and virtue." 
 
 By the original Foundation Deed FOURTEEN TRUSTEES 
 are appointed, and there are vested in them a number of 
 Burgages and Half Burgages, but as they are only described 
 by the names of their then Occupiers, it is very possible that 
 some of them may have been lost. They seem to be estates 
 originally given for celebration of Obits in the Church, and 
 which on the Dissolution, or afterwards, came into the hands 
 of the CrOwn. 
 
 By the Foundation Deed it is ordained, That as often as 
 so many of the Feoffees, or any other Feoffees, who shall 
 from time or any time hereafter be enfeoffed of the said 
 premises, shall happen to die, so as there shall remain only 
 Six of the said Feoffees then surviving, that then and so 
 often the said Six surviving Feoffees or the survivors of 
 them, shall from time to time or any time hereafter as often 
 as it shall so happen, within six months then next following, 
 by a Writing or Indenture Tripartite re-enfeoff the Survivors 
 and EIGHT other Inhabitants of the Town, being of good 
 fame, morals, and condition, in the aforesaid Estates, for 
 fulfilling the intention therein described. 
 
 The number has very seldom notwithstanding been 
 kept up. 
 
 The original Endowment was, in 1567, <ll..4..8., and 
 consisted of 26 Houses and Land in the Market-Place of 
 Ashby.
 
 ASHBY DE LA ZoucH.J LEICESTER. 743 
 
 On the 2d of Jany., in the 37th of Queen ELIZABETH, 1594, 
 " WILLIAM WOOD FORD, and Four other Feoffees, whereof ROBERT 
 BAINBRIGGE and RICHARD ASHE were Two, being Tenants to 
 Two of the best houses belonging to the School, made new 
 Leases for 100 years at a small increase of rent, with covenants 
 to repair and for quiet enjoying : 
 
 " The School and House being pulled down in the times of 
 War, when Ashby was a Garrison for the King, and the Town 
 being destitute of a School-master, because the rents reserved 
 upon these long Leases for 1OO years being but 19.. 16.. 3. per 
 annum, which was not sufficient maintenance for a Master, the 
 Inhabitants could not hire one for that sum and therefore con- 
 tracted with Mr. PARE to give him lO. per annum more ; 
 but the then Feoffees not paying him his wages, and he and 
 some other Inhabitants of Ashby unconcerned with the School 
 lands, well knowing how the lands given for that use were mis- 
 employed, in the year 1657, sued out a Commission upon the 
 Statute of the 43d of ELIZABETH to redress the misemployment, 
 wherein WILLIAM BAINBRIGGE and others were nominated Com- 
 missioners, and decreed the lands to be restored to the Charitable 
 use for which they were given, according to the Donor's 
 intent : 
 
 " The Exceptants proved, that the lands were of greater value 
 because the Occupiers had laid out in building and repairing 
 '1713. .13. .4. or thereabouts, and that they have quietly 
 enjoyed : 
 
 " The Respondents for the School proved, that the house of 
 GEORGE SWINDELL'S was, at the time of taking the Inquisition, 
 let at 19. per annum, besides one or two rooms reserved to 
 himself, which house the Feoffees let at i'2. per annum : That 
 the lands and meadows, and ground on which the Houses stand, 
 if there were no buildings, are worth 5O. per annum: That 
 the Exceptants were desired to produce their Leases or Evidences 
 of their Estates to the Commissioners, and they answered they 
 could not, and did not . 
 
 " The Founder left 26 Houses in Ashby Market-Place and 
 those the best, which he valued at ll. per annum, and, at the 
 taking out the Commission, they were valued and proved to be 
 worth 120. per annum, and even so an abatement of a fourth 
 part of the actual sum for which they let, was made : 
 
 " And by reason of these frauds, and the School and House 
 being pulled down in the time of War for the better fortifying 
 of the King's Garrison, the Town of Ashby was without a School 
 and House for the space of 30 years together, until that lately 
 about two years ago the present Master, unto whom the Feoffees 
 do allow but 19. odd money for his maintenance,, dd procure
 
 744 
 
 LEICESTER. [ASHBY DE LA ZOUCH. 
 
 friends and money to re-build both, which cost about 200. 
 building without any contributions out of the School lands, which 
 were given for that purpose : 
 
 " They pray, therefore, because the Feoffees have so abused 
 their Trust to thier own advantage and wrong of the School, 
 that no School Tenants be any longer Feoffees : That 'he Lands 
 be restored to their Charitable use, and that the now Earl of 
 HUNTINGDON may have inspection to the right ordering this 
 Charitable use for the future." 
 
 In consequence of this Petition, Lord Chancellor JEFFE- 
 KIES, on the 15th of Feby. 1685, made a Decree, that after 
 the death of the then Master Mr. SHAW, the Earl of HUNT- 
 INGDON, and his Heirs Male, being Earls of Hi NTINGDON, 
 should have the nomination of the Master in future. He also 
 decreed, that new Leases should be granted, setting the 
 old ones aside. 
 
 The Book of Aceompts is perfect from the year 1594; 
 and, at that time, the School Estate appears to have pro- 
 duced 19.. I G.. 3. per annum It's present annual amount 
 is 370.. 13..0., which is about one-third part of it's value, 
 the buildings, for the most part, are the very best Houses 
 in all Ashby, and are worth 50. or 60. per annum each, 
 exclusive of the Land attached to them. 
 
 The following is a copy of the Rent-roll of " ASHBY 
 SCHOOL ESTATE," on the 9th of Feby., 1818. 
 
 Tenants' Names. 
 
 Description. 
 
 Quantity 
 of Land. 
 
 Present rent 
 under the 
 agreement 
 for Leases. 
 
 ALT, SARAH, ... . . 
 
 Buildings, 
 
 A. R. P. 
 
 L. s. d. 
 0.. 5 
 
 BEAVINGTON, Mr., Exors. 
 
 Buildings, 
 
 
 S.. 
 
 BLORE, WILLIAM, . . . 
 
 Buildings, 
 
 
 0.. 5 1 
 
 CLARKSONS, Messrs. . . 
 CLARKE, JOSEPH, . . . 
 CANTRELL, THOMAS, 
 
 Buildings and Land, . 
 Buildings and Land, . 
 Buildings, 
 
 1..0..S2 
 1..0..32 
 
 12.. 
 7..18 ! 
 18.. 
 
 DAWES, BENTON, . . . 
 DENSTON, JOSHUA, . . . 
 FRITH, THOMAS, .... 
 
 Buildings and Land, . . 
 Buildings and Land, . . 
 Buildings and Land, . . 
 
 1..0..14 
 
 15..1..28 
 0..1..25 
 
 10..10 1 
 42.. 
 5.. 10 i 
 
 
 
 19..I..11 
 
 104.. 8 f
 
 ASHBY DE DA ZoucH.] LEICESTER. 
 
 745 
 
 Tenants' Names. 
 
 Description. 
 
 Quantity 
 of Land. 
 
 Present rent 
 under the 
 agreement 
 for Leases. 
 
 L. 3. d. 
 
 104.. 8 
 2..16 
 19.. 
 0.. 5 
 16.. 
 2..10 
 0.. 5 
 9.. 
 2. .10 
 16.. 
 17- 
 
 23.. o 
 
 5.. 
 5. .10 
 4.. 16 
 11.. 
 15.. 
 0..16 
 5.. 15 
 2.. 10 
 10.. 
 7-12 
 10..10 
 4.. 
 15.. 
 
 25.. 
 
 2. .10 
 20.. O 
 3.. 
 
 Brought forward, . . 
 
 
 A P. R. 
 19..1..11 
 
 2..1..11 
 2..1..24 
 
 1..3..36 
 
 FARMER, WILLIAM, . . . 
 GAUDIN, JNO., Executors. 
 GRIMES, JOHN, 
 
 Buildings and Croft, . 
 Buildings and Land, . . . 
 Building, 
 
 GIBBS, GEORGE, 
 
 Building and Land, 
 Building's, 
 
 GIBBS, EDWARD, . . . . 
 HARTLESS, SARAH, . . . 
 HATTON, THOMAS, . . 
 HUDSON, RALPH, . . . 
 HEXTALL, THOMAS, . . . 
 KIRKLAND, THOMAS, . . 
 EIBKLAND, JAMES, . . 
 LLOYD, Revd. WILLIAM, . . 
 LovETT, ROBERT, . . . 
 MARSHALL, JOHN, . . . 
 MASON, EDWARD, . . . 
 NEWBOLD, FRANCIS, . . 
 !)AKEY, Widow, .... 
 PAGE, BENJAMIN, .... 
 PEACH, THOMAS, .... 
 SIMPSON, WILLIAM, . . 
 BUTTON, THOMAS, . ... 
 SMALLWOOD, THOMAS, . . 
 FINNS, WILLIAM, . . . 
 FHORNLEY, ROBERT, . 
 
 FAYLOR, THOMAS, . . / 
 
 BRIGHT, JOHN, . . . 
 BRIGHT, JOHN, . 
 :*IDDOCKE, LEONARD, . 
 The Master's House and Shr 
 School-House and Play-grot 
 
 Buildings, 
 
 Buildings. 
 
 Land, 
 
 Buildings, 
 
 1..0..32 
 3..1..33 
 1..3..16 
 1..0..32 
 2..1..24 
 
 2..1..24 
 2..0..25 
 
 1..0..32 
 21..0.. 
 
 1..0..24 
 1..3..10 
 
 2..1.. 4 
 4..0.. 
 1..2.. 
 1..1..10 
 
 Buildings, and Land, . . 
 Buildings and Land, . . . 
 Land, 
 
 Buildings and Land, . . . 
 Land, 
 
 Buildings, 
 
 Buildings and Land, . . . 
 Buildings, 
 
 Buildings and Land, . . . 
 Buildings, 
 
 Buildings and Croft, . 
 Buildings and Land, . . . 
 liand, newly inclosed, . . 
 Buildings, .... 
 
 Buildings, 
 
 Buildings and Land, . "> 
 Allotment on the Woulds, j 
 Buildings, ... 
 Buildings and Land, . . . 
 Land, 
 
 ubbery ; containing about 
 md, 
 
 73..S..29 
 
 370..13..0 
 
 In the Accompt Book is a copy of some STATUTES, in- 
 serted in 1715; which the Trustees then subscribed, as 
 believing them to be the original Statutes of The Earl of
 
 746 LEICESTER. [ASHBY DE LA ZOUCH. 
 
 HUNTINGDON, in 1575 ; But subsequent Trustees have 
 never acted upon them, because they differ in opinion from 
 the Trustees of 1715; and even consider them a Forgery 
 by one SYMON PERYN, out of whose book they are said to 
 have been taken. He was a violent Republican in the time 
 of OLIVER CROMWELL, and got into his own hands the 
 whole of the Public business in Ashby. He was made 
 perpetual Registrar of the Parish, and, it is said, was an 
 excellent Myrmidon of his Prototype, in point of despotism. 
 The whole of the School affairs are mentioned to have been 
 entirely in his power ; no other Trustee then acting with 
 him. 
 
 The present TRUSTEES, as former ones have done, ground 
 their authority upon the following Regulations : 
 
 " 17th September, 1616. 
 
 Memorandum, That it is agreed the year and day above- 
 named between us whose names are underwritten, being Feof- 
 fees for the School land in Ashby, that from henceforth, 
 1st. All accompts for the rents to be received of the School 
 Land shall be yearly given and taken amongst ourselves 
 only, and that about the beginning of November. 
 2nd, The Collector of the Rents for the time being (after he 
 hath paid The Schoolmaster and Clerk their year's wages, 
 and the Lord his Chief-rent) shall deliver over at the day 
 of accompt the surplusage of the rents and other his re- 
 ceipts unto the Collector, that is to succeed for the year 
 following. 
 
 3d. All the Feoffees shall once every year, viz., upon the Second 
 Tuesday in May, or thereabouts, meet and go together 
 to view all the Tenements belonging to the School Land, 
 and the Collector for the time being shall call them 
 together. 
 
 4th. Once every year, viz., the Second Thursday in May, or 
 thereabout, the Feoffees shall meet together to visit the 
 School. 
 
 5th. Whatsoever is to be done by the Feoffees, either for making 
 of Leases or for placing or displacing of the Schoolmaster, 
 or upon any other occasion, shall be ordered, concluded, 
 and determined by the consent and voices of the greater 
 number of all the Feoffees for the time being. 
 6th. Whereas the wages that have been antiently allowed to
 
 ASHBY DE LA ZoucH.] LEICESTER. 747 
 
 the Clerk out of the School Land was but 26s. ,8d. yearly, 
 and that of late years 13s. Ad. hath been added thereto 
 by us, for the increase of his wages ; It is now agreed, 
 that the said 13s. .4d. shall no longer continue unto him 
 than he shall seem to the greater part of the Feoffees for 
 the time being, to be worthy of it. 
 
 7th. That before the first of November next, there shall be a 
 convenient Chest bought with Three locks, wherein all 
 the evidences of the School Land shall be kept ; which 
 Chest shall stand in Mr. ROBERT BAINBRIGG'S house, and 
 the Three keys of it shall be in the keeping of NICHOLAS 
 HASKY, ROBERT NEWTON, and THOMAS SHERWOOD. 
 
 8th. That before the first of November next, Mr. ROBERT 
 BAINBRIGG shall make a note of all the particular Eviden- 
 ces of the School land, which note shall be kept in the 
 foresaid Chest with the rest of the Evidences, and with 
 this Book of our Accornpt. Signed, ARTHUR HJLDERS- 
 HAM, ROBERT BAINBRIGG, ROBERT NEWTON, NICHOLAS 
 HASKE, ROBERT CLARK, JOHN ASH, WILLIAM ASHE, 
 (mark), and THOMAS SHERWOOD, (mark)." 
 
 In the same Book of Accompts, under the date of 1619, 
 is an Item, which fully proves the authority of the Statutes 
 of 1616, and that they were those which the Trustees acted 
 upon, and that they never entertained any doubt as to their 
 power of appointment, and removal, of the Master. The 
 Item which is alluded to, runs thus, 
 
 "Paid to Mr. ROBERT NEWTON charges for displacing our late 
 School-master Mr. WATSON, 10s." 
 
 N.B. Mr. NEWTON appears from other circumstances, noted 
 in the Book, to have been their Law Agent. 
 
 The names of the present FEOFFEES are, 
 BENJAMIN DEWES. 
 Revd. WILLIAM Me. DOUALL. 
 Revd. JOHN PIDDOCKE. 
 
 MlDDLEMORE CLARK PlLKINGTON. 
 
 GEORGE FOWLER. 
 JOHN JOYCE. 
 WILLIAM HALL. 
 JOSEPH FARNELL.
 
 748 LEICESTER. [Asnsy DE LA ZOCCH. 
 
 WILLIAM INGLE. 
 EDWARD MAMMATT. 
 JOHN SHARPE. 
 JOHN DAVENPORT. 
 
 Before the present TRUSTEES were enfeoffed, the School 
 was a mere Sine-cure, there never having been in the latter 
 part of Mr. PRIOR'S time above 3 or 4 boys, and there are 
 now generally about ONE HUNDRED ! 
 
 The School is open to the boys of the Parish indefinitely, 
 free of expense ; and there are generally 20 or 30 Extra- 
 Parochial Scholars. They are admitted not according to 
 age, but their ability to read well in The New Testament; 
 and they are never superannuated. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are at present 
 used. There is no particular system of Education prescribed, 
 either by the Statutes or the Trustees. All that the Trus- 
 tees require is, that it should be made as generally useful 
 as possible. French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese are 
 taught at present in this School, together with the Mathe- 
 matics, Geography, History, &c. 
 
 There are TEN EXHIBITIONS at EMANUEL COLLEGE, 
 Cambridge, of \Q. per annum each, founded by FRANCIS 
 ASH, Esq., a Merchant in London ; to which boys, who are 
 educated at The Grammar Schools of Ashby and Derby* 
 have a preference. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOHN CURTIS, 
 whose Salary is 150. per annum, together with a good 
 House and Garden, but they are still kept possession of by 
 the late Master. There are also other emoluments arising 
 from Extra-Parochial Scholars of which the Masters par- 
 take, but these, of course, fluctuate. This Gentleman takes 
 a limited number of Pupils, his terms, for the board and 
 education of each, being Seventy guineas per annum, in- 
 cluding the Classics and the Modern languages. He has 
 an Assistant.
 
 ASHBY DE LA ZOUCH.] LEICESTER. 794 
 
 The Salary of the Second Master is WO. per annum, 
 This Gentleman is the English Master ; and he has also an 
 Assistant. His terms for Pupils are between 20. and 
 X30. a year each. 
 
 The School is a modern handsome building of two stories, 
 and about 60 feet in length. The lower part is divided into 
 Two rooms ; one of which is used by the Head Master ; and 
 the other is the Trustees' room, which is fitted up with the 
 best maps, that are published, and added to from time to 
 time, globes, a Library for the use of the Scholars, Mathe- 
 matical instruments, &c., which the Trustees most laudably 
 wish to make as complete as possible. 
 
 There are no Church Preferments, nor other advantages, 
 belonging to this School. Neither is there a Common Seal. 
 The Marquis of HASTINGS is the Visitor, and may be 
 considered the Patron, as his Ancestors gave the land. 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS : 
 In 1591. JOSEPH HALL, afterwards Bishop of Exeter. 
 1594. Mr. FULLERTON. 
 1597. Mr. WILLIAMS. 
 1601. Mr. BRINSLEY. 
 
 1618. Mr. WATSON. 
 
 1619. Mr. ROBERT ORMES. 
 1646. Mr. PORTER. 
 
 1655. Mr. PARR. 
 
 From 1657- to 1660. the Trustees were ordered 
 not to act ; but by what authority does not 
 appear. 
 
 1660. Mr. WITHNALL. 
 
 1661. Mr. BEE. 
 
 1662. The Revd. GAMALIEL TUNSTALL. 
 1668. The Revd. SAMUEL SHAW. 
 
 1695. Mr. LYNER. 
 
 1727. The Revd. WILLIAM HUSBAND. 
 
 1745. The Revd. JOHN HUSBAND.
 
 750 LEICESTER. [Asnuv DE LA ZOUCH. 
 
 In 1762. The Revd. JOHN PRICE. 
 
 During the 7 or 8 years preceding Mr. LLOYD'S 
 
 appointment, there was no Head Master. 
 1811. The Revd. ROBERT WATKIN LLOYD. 
 1814. The Revd. JOHN CURTIS. 
 
 Among the Eminent men who have been educated at this 
 School, may be enumerated, 
 
 JOSEPH HALL, formerly Master, and afterwards Bishop 
 
 of EXETER. 
 JOHN BAINBRIDGE, the distinguished Physician and 
 
 Astronomer. 
 
 Professor SHAKESPEARE, the Hindostanee Professor of 
 The East India Company's College at Hertford. 
 
 THE TRUSTEES of this School are at present involved in a 
 Chancery Suit with the late Master, The Revd. Mr. LLOYD, 
 the decision of which will be of the utmost importance to the 
 whole of the ENDOWED GRAMMAR SCHOOLS throughout the 
 Kingdom. 
 
 After Mr. LLOYD'S appointment, and whilst the Master's 
 House was building, he gave great satisfaction to The Trus- 
 tees by his diligence. About twelve months after his ap- 
 pointment he married, and filled his House with Boarders ; 
 kept them in the room in which he sat himself, apart from 
 The Free Scholars, and interdicted them from having the 
 least communication with each other ; and refused to in- 
 struct the Free Scholars, either hi Mathematics or Geogra- 
 phy, except as a matter of favour, not of right. After 
 repeated remonstrances, The Trustees declared the situation 
 to be vacant, and appointed The Revd. Mr. CURTIS. 
 
 Mr. LLOYD applied to The Court of Chancery, alleging 
 that THE TRUSTEES had no right or power of removing 
 him, or of interfering with the internal management of the 
 School. The Foundation Deed is so vague, that it neither
 
 ASHBY DE LA ZoucH.] LEICESTER. 751 
 
 gives the Fourteen Trustees any express power of appoint- 
 ment or removal ; only stating, that they are to find, sus- 
 tain, and maintain a Master, to teach Morals, Virtue, and 
 good Learning. They have merely followed the steps of 
 their Predecessors, as exemplified in their removal of Mr. 
 WATSON, in 1619. 
 
 The issue of this Suit is anxiously looked for by the 
 County at large, as deciding whether these benevolent Estab- 
 lishments are to be considered (as they too often are) the 
 Freeholds of the Masters, or as intended for more general 
 benefit than their private Emolument.
 
 752 
 
 LEICESTER. [MARKET BOSWORTH. 
 
 MARKET BOSWORTH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in MARKET BOSWORTH was 
 founded in 1593, by Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, Knight, Lord 
 Mayor of London; who, by his Will, dated in 1592, vested 
 the Patronage of the School, in THE SKINNERS' COMPANY, 
 of which he was a Member, with this reservation, that if 
 they neglected or abused their Trust, which he hoped in 
 God they would not, then by application to The Master of 
 the Rolls, it should be transferred to his Heirs. The Skinners' 
 Company do not appear to have ever exercised this power ; 
 and application having been made to The Master of the 
 Rolls, the Patronage was transferred to the Heir of the 
 Founder. 
 
 He endowed the School with 20. per annum in land, 
 having, previous to his death in 1593, begun the erection of 
 the School, which is built with ashler stone, at an expense of 
 700. 
 
 His great Nephew and Heir, WOLSTAN DIXIE, finished 
 this Work at the expense of 300., and added of his own 
 free will 10. per annum out of his estate at Great 
 Appleby.
 
 MARKET BOSWORTH.] LEICESTER. 753 
 
 By the Letters Patent granted by Queen ELIZABETH, on the 
 llth of May, in the Forty-third year of her reign, 1601, power 
 is given to WOLSTAN DIXIE, Esq. (Knighted at Whitehall, in 
 1604) his heirs, executors, and administrators, in performance 
 of part of the Will of Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, Knt., to found a 
 Grammar School in Market Bosworth, and to make Statutes, for 
 the better regulating and ordering the Master, Usher, and Scho- 
 lars, as also of the Lands and Tenements appointed for their 
 maintenance. The School to be called, " THE SCHOOL of WOL- 
 STAN DIXIE, Knight, in MARKET BOSWORTH, in the County of 
 Leicester:" 
 
 WILLIAM PELSANT, Clerk, Rector of Bosworth, RICHARD 
 GLOVER, JOHN CORBET, and JOHN WEBBE, Church-Wardens, 
 and the said WOLSTAN DIXIE, THOMAS BEAUMONT, HENRY 
 BEAUMONT, JOHN DIXIE, GEOFFREY MAY, and WILLIAM FAR- 
 MER, Inhabitants within the Parish, were made the first GO- 
 VERNORS : 
 
 So oft as any Governors die, or depart from the Parish, then 
 the Rector and Church- Wardens of Bosworth, or, in their de- 
 fault, The Bishop of LINCOLN is to choose two or more discreet 
 Inhabitants of the Parish to succeed : 
 
 The Governors of the School are incorporated by the name of 
 <e THE GOVERNORS of THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of WOLSTAN 
 DIXIE, Knight, in MARKET BOSWORTH, in the County of Leices- 
 ter : and of the Possessions, Lands, Revenues., Goods, and 
 Chattels, of the same School:" 
 
 The Governors are capable of having and receiving Lands, 
 Tenements, &c., in Fee Simple, or otherwise, so as the same do 
 not exceed '30. per annum, and be not holden in capite, or by 
 Knight's Service : 
 
 The Governors are to have a Common Seal, to serve only con- 
 cerning the matters in the Patent ; And they may sue or be sued 
 concerning the same : 
 
 Power is given to WOLSTAN DIXIE and his Heirs (being 
 Twenty-one years of age), and in default thereof, to The Bishop 
 of LINCOLN for the time being, to name the Master and Usher of 
 the School upon a vacancy : 
 
 And to make fitting Rules and Orders, in writing, for better 
 maintaining the School, and regulating the Master, Usher, and 
 Scholars, and the Salary of the Master and Usher, and the dis- 
 position of the Rents and Revenues, and to change or modify 
 the same as often as need requires : 
 
 All the Rents of the School are to be disposed of, to the main- 
 tenance of the Master and Usher, and " to none other use or 
 purpose." 
 
 VOL. i. 3 C
 
 ?54 LEICESTER. [MARKET BOSWORTH. 
 
 This School is open to the Boys of the Parishes of Mar- 
 ket Bosworth and Cadeby, and Children of the Tenants of 
 the DIXIE Family from any part, for their instruction in 
 Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, free of expense. 
 
 There are Two FELLOWSHIPS at Emanuel College, Cam- 
 bridge, founded by Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, the possessors of 
 which have no vote in any College affairs, nor claims to any 
 Living of The Society. In case of vacancy, the heirs of the 
 Founder nominate, and the College are obliged to admit the 
 nomination. To be appointed a " DIXIE Fellow,"" it is re- 
 quisite the Candidate should be related to that Family, or 
 that he should have received his education at Market Bos- 
 worth School, 
 
 There are also FOUR SCHOLARSHIPS at Emanuel College 
 of Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE'S Foundation, of 10. per annum 
 each, which are subject to the same restrictions. 
 
 The Estates for the support of these Fellowships and 
 Scholarships are situate at Sutton Coldfield, in the County 
 of Warwick, and have been greatly improved hi value, 
 within the last twenty or thirty years. 
 
 Mr. BOSWELL in his incomparable Life of Dr. JOHNSON 
 tells us, that, in the forlorn state of his circumstances, the 
 Doctor accepted of an offer to be employed as Usher in this 
 School, to which it appears, from one of his little fragments 
 of a Diary, that he went on foot ', on the 16th of July. 
 " Julii 16. Bosvortiam pedes petn."" But, it is not true, 
 as has been erroneously related, that he was Assistant to 
 the famous ANTHONY BLACKWALL, whose merit has been 
 honoured by the Testimony of Bishop HURD, who was his 
 Scholar ; for Mr. BLACKWALL died on the 8th of April, 
 1730 ; more than a year before JOHNSON left the Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 This employment was very irksome to him in every re- 
 spect, and he complained grievously of it hi his Letters to 
 his friend, Mr. HECTOR, who was now settled as a Surgeon
 
 MARKET BOSWORTH.] LEICESTER. 755 
 
 at Birmingham. The Letters are lost ; but, Mr. HECTOR 
 recollects his writing, " that the Poet had described the dull 
 sameness of his existence in these words, Vitam continet una 
 dies (One day contains the whole of my life) ; that it was 
 unvaried as the note of the Cuckoo ; and that he did not 
 know, whether it was more disagreeable for him to teach, or 
 the Boys to learn, the Grammar rules." 
 
 His general aversion to this painful drudgery was greatly 
 enhanced by a disagreement between him and Sir WOLSTAN 
 DIXIE, the Patron of the School, in whose House, it is said, 
 he officiated as a kind of Domestick Chaplain, so far, at 
 least, as to say Grace at table, but was treated with what 
 he represented as intolerable harshness ; And, after suffering 
 for a few months such complicated misery, he relinquished 
 a situation which ah 1 his life afterwards he recollected with 
 the strongest aversion, and even a degree of horror. But, 
 it is probable, that at this period, whatever uneasiness 
 he may have endured, he laid the foundation of much future 
 eminence by application to his studies. BOSWELL'S Life of 
 JOHNSON, Vol. I. pp. 57-59. 
 
 THOMAS SIMPSON, the eminent Professor of Mathe- 
 matics, was a native of this Town, and also Usher of this 
 School. 
 The following is a List of THE MASTERS of this School : 
 
 In . Revd. RICHARD ORTON. 
 
 Revd. Mr. LEE. 
 
 1712. Revd. RICHARD SMITH, M. A. 
 1J23. Revd. ANTHONY BLACKWALL, Author of 
 "The Sacred Classics defended and illus- 
 trated." 
 1726. Revd. Mr. CRUMPTON. 
 
 Revd. Mr, SLADE ; died in 1787- 
 1787- JOSEPH MOXON. A very illiterate man, who, 
 for several years, had officiated as a Waiter at 
 an Inn in Bosworth, which was kept by his
 
 756 LEICESTER. [MARKET BOSWORTH. 
 
 Father. He had some share of modesty, and 
 is said to have expostulated with his Patron 
 on the impropriety of his accepting an office, 
 the duties of which he was wholly incompe- 
 tent to execute. He is now dead : and, 
 except in the instance of this undertaking, 
 is stated to have been " a very honest 
 man." 
 
 In 1788. Revd. WILLIAM WOOD, Rector of Peckleton ; 
 resigned in 1808, in consequence of bad 
 health, and is since dead. 
 
 Since the resignation of Mr. WOOD, no 
 other Master has been appointed. 
 
 RICHARD DAWES, a learned Critic, was educated here, 
 under Mr. BLACKWALL. 
 
 The Gentlemen of the Neighbourhood feeling indignant 
 at the appointment of MOXON, by which the objects of THE 
 FOUNDER were completely defeated, and also aware that 
 many other abuses existed, determined to seek redress 
 of their grievances, by an application to The Court of 
 Chancery. 
 
 An information was filed against the Representative of 
 the DIXIE Family by The Attorney General, on the relation 
 of JOHN FARMER and WILLIAM VINCENT, of Carlton, and 
 THOMAS BAKER, of Barleston, all respectable Gentlemen 
 Farmers, occupying their own Estates within the Parish of 
 Market Bosworth,* 
 
 The Case is reported as follows, in VESEY'S Chancery 
 Reports, vol. XIII. Part. 3. pp. 519541 : 
 
 * In the proceedings in this Cause it was stated by the 
 Counsel, that so early as the reign of CHARLES the Second 
 there had been mismanagement of the Estates of this School : 
 and, on application to The Court of Chancery, a Receiver had 
 been appointed. What more was done, is not mentioned.
 
 MARKET BOSWORTH.] LEICESTER. 757 
 
 18011805. 
 
 " The Information stated the Foundation of this School un- 
 der the Will and Codicil of Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, dated in 1592 
 and 1593 Letters Patent of Queen ELIZABETH, and a Decree, 
 in the reign of King CHARLES the Second, by which it was pro- 
 vided, that the Rector and Church-wardens for the tune being, 
 and in default of them, the Bishop of LINCOLN, should elect 
 Governors, (the Rector and Church- Wardens to be of the num- 
 ber), and that Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, and his Heirs : and in 
 default of heirs, the Bishop of LINCOLN, should appoint the 
 Master and Ushers. 
 
 " The Information farther stated, that after the death of Sir 
 WOLSTAN DIXIE, the Nephew and Heir of the Fonnder, and the 
 succeeding Heirs, assumed the entire management of the School, 
 being the Patrons of the Church, and Owners of most of the 
 Houses and Lands in the Parish : that particularly no Governors 
 had been appointed from 1740 until the death of Sir WOLSTAN 
 DIXIE, the Father of the Defendants Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE and 
 WILLOUGHBY DIXIE, in 1767 ; during which period the rents 
 and profits of the Premises, belonging to the School, were recei- 
 ved by Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, the Father : and, after his death, by 
 the Defendant Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, until a Commission of Lu- 
 nacy issued against him, in 1769 : and, from that period the 
 Rents were received by his Brother and Committee, the Defend- 
 ant WILLOUGHBY DIXIE. The Information then stated various 
 instances of Abuse and Mismanagement ; that Leases were 
 made at small Rents, with Declarations of Trust, for the Daugh- 
 ters of Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE ; that the Estates were under-let ; 
 that the surplus Rents and Profits, beyond the Salaries of the 
 Master and Ushers, had not been applied to the purposes of the 
 Charity ; that WILLOUGHBY DIXIE had appointed to the Office 
 of Head Master JOSEPH MOXON, a person unfit to be Master 
 of a School, being a Waiter in a Public- House ; whom he 
 afterwards removed : and appointed WILLIAM WOOD ; that, in 
 1789, the Information having been filed in 1788, the Rector 
 and Church- Wardens, under the influence and control of WIL- 
 LOUGHBY DIXIE, elected him and Five other persons, also De- 
 fendants, to be Governors ; all of whom were unfit for that 
 Office, as his Tenants, or otherwise under his control ; and 
 one a Lessee of part of the Charity Estate, at an under-value. 
 
 " The Information prayed an account of the Rents and Profits 
 received by the several Defendants, and by Sir WOLSTAN 
 DIXIE, the Father ; that proper Directions may be given for 
 the application of the Surplus Rents and Profits of the Charity 
 Estates ; and that the persons, appointed Governors, may be remo- 
 ved, and proper Governors appointed.
 
 758 LEICESTER. [MARKET BOSWORTK. 
 
 This matter came on before THE CHANCELLOR, on the 
 16th and 17th of November^ 1801, when His Lordship 
 said, 
 
 " It is not adviseable to dispose of this Cause entirely, 'till a 
 Petition shall be presented, to bring before me, in another shape, 
 the Question as to removing these Governors : But I should not 
 do my duty, if I did not say, that, in the administration of this 
 * Charity, abuses have been practised, which call for the most mar- 
 ked animadversion of The Court. 
 
 " The authority, according to the Will, given to this Court, 
 is a Special authority, applying to a particular Case. The par- 
 ticular provision in the Will having failed, by the refusal of 
 THE SKINNERS' COMPANY to act, it naturally and legally de- 
 volved upon the Heir at Law. The Crown properly, as it al- 
 ways does, took the Heir's recommendation of the Governors of 
 the School. In his character of manager of the Revenues un- 
 questionably he became amenable to this Court ; for, in his 
 character of Visitor he never could control his own accounts. If 
 The Skinners' Company do not nominate Governors, or if their 
 nomination cannot be considered a nomination de jure, by impli- 
 cation the nomination is given to the heir at law ; and, as to 
 the Schoolmaster, to the Bishop of LINCOLN. The Letters Pa- 
 tent unfortunately did not look to the present case of Lunacy. 
 The queston is, whether the Bishop has the power of appointing 
 the Schoolmaster, or whether the Committee has that power j 
 which, I think, can hardly be contended : or whether the ap- 
 pointment of the Schoolmaster is not in the Crown. The cir- 
 cumstance of WOOD'S situation is to be considered. He has 
 been appointed by the Committee ; and a question occurs, that 
 is not Drought forward by this Information, whether he is dejure 
 Schoolmaster ; and whether it is not expedient, if he is a proper 
 person to be the Master, to cloath him in a more effectual way 
 with the character of Master, than he at present has it. 
 
 < ' The Letters Patent are produced to prove the charge of 
 misapplication, not in the common sense, merely by undue ex- 
 penditure, but in corruptly retaining the rents and profits for the 
 benefit of Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, or, as the Information expresses 
 it, of part of his Family. The Estates were let in 1656, and, 
 at subsequent periods, long prior to 1753. The first letting was 
 undue certainly ; the Tenant being himself a Governor. But 
 there is a great difference between an undue letting and a lease 
 for the purpose of constituting himself Tenant, that he may 
 have the means of underletting at a great private advantage. 
 The leases were undue also in this respect ; that the chances of
 
 MARKET BOSWORTH.] LEICESTER. 759 
 
 improvement in a lapse of time are to be taken ; and are not 
 to be prevented by leases enduring half a century. After the 
 filing of the Information it would have been more discretion to 
 have thrown under the view of the Court the election of Gover- 
 nors, instead of it's being made under such circumstances. 
 From 1 748, when an attempt was made to appoint new Go- 
 vernors, no regular appointment took place, until after this 
 Information was filed : a Quarrel taking place between the 
 DIXIE Family and the Rector. In 1753, Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE 
 knowing he was not the legitimate, manager of this Charity, and 
 that the providence of this Court ought to have been thrown 
 round it, the following transaction took place with DUD LEY, his 
 instrument, and some others ; A lease to DUDLEY by these 
 Governors, (who in truth were not Governors, the Office not 
 being filled up), for no less than 99 years, if the three Daugh- 
 ters of Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE should so long live, at a rent .3. 
 less than the rent paid before, and a Fine of '150. ; with a 
 Declaration of Trust indorsed upon it by DUDLEY. Another 
 lease of the same sort was made. 
 
 " It is said, the account upon an Information filed in 1788, 
 for I must consider it as taken then, against the estate of a man, 
 who died in 1767> would be not beyond the authority of the 
 Court, but it would not be directed with much discretion. It is 
 one thing to say, that a general account shall be taken of all 
 sums received j and another, that the Court may hold it mani- 
 festly due to justice, that some inquiry shall be made as to the 
 actual application of all advantages acquired under these leases j 
 and I cannot think, I carry the authority to an unwholesome 
 length by saying, I will search to the bottom the application of 
 every thing made under those leases. At this moment I am 
 not disposed to carry the account of the rents and profits, recei- 
 ved by the late Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, farther than to get at that. 
 There is charge enough for that inquiry : and, instead of charg- 
 ing the estate of Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, I only direct an inquiry to 
 see, what is finally right to be done j but if the result shall be, 
 that any part has been applied in the Family, that ought to have 
 gone to the sustentation of the School, in any interpretation of 
 that word, upon farther directions the Court will not feel any 
 difficulty in saying, that must be considered as received by the 
 order of Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE ; and, therefore, his estate shall be 
 answerable for the amount. 
 
 " The next period is that of the Lunatic, about a year. The 
 Information, filed in 1788, did not produce the account of the 
 rents and profits, received by Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, or the De- 
 fendant WILLOUGHBY DIXIE ; But the amended and supple- 
 mental information does produce an account, viz., the Answer
 
 76O LEICESTER. [MARKET BOSWORTH, 
 
 put in, in 1793. The Appointment of the Governors was in 
 1788. After the Information filed, when there ought to have 
 been no more payments by DIXIE, viz., in November 1789, a 
 payment was made of eight years' Salary to the Receiver ; the 
 Answer stating the account, as concluded. The Loughborough 
 Estate was not accounted for, from 1768 t to 1783. I have no 
 hesitation in directing the account in a larger form with regard 
 to that period than that, in which the late Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE 
 was living. It is said, the Court cannot do this. 
 
 ' c First, as to the Jurisdiction. I was very soon satisfied as to 
 the Jurisdiction, if the Corporation had be^n full, and had the 
 management of the rents and profits. I say also, that it does 
 not necessarily follow, because a Commission of Charitable uses 
 would not issue, that therefore this Court could not act ; and if 
 it were made out that the Governors were merely nominal, and 
 only the Agents of DIXIE, this Court would try to get at it. 
 But here was no Visitor, in fact, capable of acting j a person, as 
 Committee of the Lunatic, is acting without authority for him 
 as Visitor ; and 'till after the Information filed, there were not 
 even nominal Governors. Then, if the Information was well filed, 
 will the election pending the suit take away from the Court the 
 Jurisdiction, even if they were well elected ? I think, not : for the 
 Governors, if well elected, are Trustees, and the Visitor not being 
 capable of acting, the Jurisdiction of this Court must take place. 
 " Then, the Jurisdiction being clear, the next consideration 
 is, as to the manner of taking the account. Though the ac- 
 count in form must be directed, I do not think, the under-let- 
 ting since 1787 has been carried to that strict degree of proof, 
 to make it wise to prosecute the inquiry as to the Rents, except 
 as to those corrupt leases ; for Trustees of a Charity are not 
 bound to look with more providence to the affairs of the Charity 
 than to their own. A sufficient fair letting appears as to that 
 period to show, that an inquiry upon the ground of under-letting 
 would not be wise. As to KING and the other Tenants, if the 
 probable result would be, that the Rents had been sufficient, I 
 should hesitate, whether I should not direct the account for the 
 sake of the principle j for no Trustee can be a Tenant; and the 
 Court will charge him with an Occupier's rack-rent; and, 
 therefore, if the difference of KING'S rent, between six and 
 , eight guineas, were not too small to make it worth while, I 
 should expressly declare that the ground. Besides that, KING 
 must quit the premises. 
 
 " As to the other Governors, men are not to put themselves 
 in a situation of responsible duty, and expect to be relieved even 
 at the expense of those, who bring them into that situation. 
 Therefore I do not think, it would be unwholesome to serve
 
 MAKKET BOSWOBTH.] LEICESTER. 761 
 
 them with the Decree. As to removing the Governors, it is 
 very difficult to say, they are not to be removed : such an elec- 
 tion of Governors, compared with the duties, required by the 
 Statute ! The only Answer can be, that no other Governors 
 could be obtained j but the Evidence is all against that. 
 
 " As to the consequence of removing the Governors, the 
 questions upon that require more consideration. Whether there 
 should be a new Election, or a Nomination by the Bishop, or the 
 Crown, and whether those, who have so abused the situation of 
 Governors, shall be disqualified, I shall reserve, 'till after that 
 Petition shall have been presented. The Relators must have 
 their costs without doubt. It is too much to say, the Charity 
 Estate is to be redressed at the expense of those, who seek to 
 redress it. The consequence would be, that all Charities would 
 be for ever liable to abuse without redress. The question then is, 
 whether it is to be out of the Estate of the Charity. Much of it 
 must be at private expense $ whether all, or whether there may 
 be exceptions, shall be reserved. As to the application of the 
 surplus rents and profits, it is difficult now to allow Mr. DIXIE 
 the surplus rents and profits he has paid over, while the Infor- 
 mation was pending. He had no right to apply them, pending 
 the Suit. I am not prepared to say, that under the large words 
 as to the sustentation of the School, due regard being had to all 
 the objects, of necessity all the surplus must go to the School- 
 master. Upon that point also reserve the question, until after 
 the Petition with regard to the removal of the Governors." 
 
 On the 26th of February, 1802, a Petition was accordingly 
 presented, suggesting, 
 
 " That the appointment of WOOD to be Master was not a due 
 appointment, and that he was not properly qualified, That the 
 office of Visitor is in either His Majesty or the Heir of the 
 Founder ; and is, in consequence of the Lunacy of the Heir, 
 vested in His Majesty j and is to be executed by The Lord Chan- 
 cellor j and praying a proper appointment of Masters, That the 
 persons, chosen as Governors, may be declared to have been 
 improperly chosen, and may be removed, That new Governors 
 may be appointed, That directions may be given for the future 
 Regulation of the School, and for the application of the surplus 
 rents," &c. 
 
 On the 6th of July, 1802, this matter being brought on, 
 His Lordship said, 
 
 ' ' In this Case three distinct periods are to be attended to ; 
 First, the acts of the elder Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, particularly with 
 regard to the leases, require a declaration of the principles, upon
 
 762 LEICESTER. [MARKET BOSWORTH. 
 
 which his Estate is to be answerable, and some particular direc- 
 tions. As to the time of the Lunatic himself, there is not much 
 for consideration ; unless upon his permitting certain branches of 
 his Family to enjoy beneficially. That enjoyment by sufferance 
 is in a moral view much less an object of censure than the crea- 
 tion of such an interest. As to the present Defendant, it is 
 impossible to avoid expressing strong disapprobation of his acts ; 
 and with regard to more than one, the Decree must contain a 
 declaration of the sense the Court has of his conduct. Directions 
 are also necessary as to the account. Perhaps no objection could 
 be maintained against a general account as to the time of the 
 Father : but I think, authority will bear me out in not involving 
 the Charity in a general account of the period, during which he 
 lived ; and that I may confine it to the leases, appearing to have 
 been made by him. For the time, during which the Defendant 
 WILLOUGHBY DIXIE has had in a sense the general management, 
 though the prosecution of such an account may not be useful, I 
 do not know any principle, upon which I can avoid directing a 
 general account, at least from the time of filing the Bill. I 
 believe, great mismanagement has taken place; and that might 
 be pressed with great force against the Defendant ; if it should 
 be thought worth while, with reference to the delay, to go 
 through that general account. The Pleadings require that account 
 to be directed generally ; though that direction may be acted 
 upon in a more limited manner. 
 
 " As to the circumstances, the appointment of MOXON to be 
 Master was invalid : next, if the Defendant had stood in a situa- 
 tion in which he could have made that appointment, it would have 
 been an abuse of his powers. The appointment of WOOD must 
 also be declared invalid : but with liberty to make any application 
 for a due appointment to those persons, who can make it. The 
 prohibition from appointing any beneficed Clergyman is express 
 and strong in the Statutes ; and the reason is explained, that the 
 Master shall not in this sense be called from the exercise of his 
 duty, attending the Scholars in his Parish Church j the Statutes 
 directing him to require them to furnish him with notes of the 
 Sermons. 
 
 " As to the Governors, the Founder originally intended to 
 reserve to his Family a considerable influence ; and that purpose 
 was very proper in a moral view. But the conduct of the 
 Defendant has been such, that I do not know how to preserve 
 that influence in his person ; and, if not, I do know, how it can 
 be preserved in any degree. The election of Governors, the sub- 
 ject of the Supplemental Bill, was a wrong and undue proceed- 
 ing ; as under the circumstances that Election ought not to have 
 been made, pending the Cause, without leave of the Court. The 

 
 MARKET BOSWORTH.] LEICESTER. 763 
 
 situation, in which some of the persons electing stood, calls for 
 strong animadversion. Those Governors cannot remain ; and I 
 think, the Court under all the circumstances, has power to 
 remove them. Then, are they to go to a new Election ? The 
 objection is, that then the Rector and Church- wardens are to 
 choose the new Governors} and a doubt may be suggested, 
 whether it is not to be considered as a default of those, who were 
 to elect 5 which would authorize the Bishop of LINCOLN under 
 the Charter to appoint j or whether any other course is to be 
 taken. Another consideration is, whether the interest of this 
 Charity will not admit of particular Individuals being appointed 
 Governors infuturo. 
 
 " 1 have long been perfectly satisfied, that this Court has 
 jurisdiction. This is not the mere case of a Corporation, having 
 Visitors : but the Visitor himself has generally been one of the 
 Governors; and the Governors are acting as Trustees in the 
 receipt of the rents and profits of the testate. That is a sufficient 
 ground. But there is another ground ; that the interest, which 
 this Family have had with the Rector, has not induced him so 
 far tcr accede to their purposes as to keep the Corporation alive. 
 From the period of the dispute about the management it does 
 not appear to have existed as a Corporation, until the Governors 
 were filled up under those circumstances Then it is the case of 
 persons, acting as to what does not belong to them within that 
 Corporate^ character, that would be necessary to lay the Founda- 
 tion of an objection to the Jurisdiction. The Corporation revived 
 therefore could not possibly compel a due account for the time 
 past, or a due application for that period, without the assistance 
 of a Court of Equity ; which therefore must have jurisdiction as 
 to those persons, who acted in the intermediate period ; not 
 having vested in them that character, which alone could form 
 the ground for an objection to the jurisdiction. 
 
 " I shall direct inquiries as to those leases, which Sir WOLSTAN 
 PIXIK, the Elder, procured for the benefit of some of his Family; 
 and I shall make his assets liable, at least to the extent of what 
 the Charity has lost by the benefit they received. Upon the 
 Evidence that was done by his express direction and appoint- 
 ment : leases made and declarations of trust for the benefit of 
 his issue ; who possessed under those acts. In the result of any 
 Suit in Equity his estate ought first to refund to the Charity that 
 loss. I am not called upon to direct a general account. That 
 account would be difficult and expensive : it is not clear, thai 
 the expense of it would fall upon his estate ; and therefore it is 
 doubtful, whether it would be beneficial to the Charity ; if the 
 expense of an account to so remote a period should be defrayed 
 by the Charity Funds. The period of the Lunatic's management
 
 764 LEICESTER. [MARKET BOSWDRTH. 
 
 is very short. As to the Committee, not saying, whether it 
 would be right to disturb the payments to the Schoolmasters and 
 others, without a very strong ground, I think it due to principle 
 and authority to declare, that the Information must carry with it 
 an account, at least from the tune, when it was filed. The 
 appointment of MOXON I must declare a most culpable abuse of 
 the Trust, if vested in the Defendant. A division of the profit 
 took place between him and WOOD by bargain. WOOD also 
 must be declared not to have been duly appointed. The Defendant 
 had imposed upon him a duty, not only to this School, but also 
 to his Brother, to preserve by proper conduct, that INFLUENCE, 
 which THE FOUNDER intended to give to his Family. 
 
 ' ' This Estate has been treated too much as Private Property : 
 Manors, Fisheries, &c., being reserved j which might be reserved j 
 but that must be for the benefit of the Charity." 
 
 On the 27th of August, 1805, The Chancellor declared, 
 " That, under the circumstances of this Case, the election of 
 WILLOUGHBY DIXIE and the other Persons, as Governors, was 
 invalid. The Accounts were directed ; and Inquiries as to the 
 Charity Estates ; whether any and what Leases were made by 
 Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, WILLOUGHBY DIXIE, or their Father ; at 
 what Rents ; whether they were fair, or not ; which were wholly 
 for the benefit of the Charity, and whether they were in Trust 
 for Sir WOLSTAN DIXIE, the Father, or the Lunatic, or any, and 
 what persons, Relations of any of them. It was declared, that 
 any Lease of the Charity Estate, as far as it shall appear to be 
 for the personal benefit of the Grantor, or his Representatives, or 
 any of his Children, or Family, or any persons, other than those, 
 entitled to the benefit of the Charity, is an abuse in the applica- 
 tion of the Charity Funds ; for which such person, or his estate, 
 is answerable : the Relators to lay before the Master a proposal 
 for proper persons to be Governors : an Inquiry, whether WOOD 
 was duly appointed Master : and, if he was not duly appointed, 
 or if he was an improper person, the Relators to lay a proposal 
 for the appointment of a School-master : the Master in Chancery, 
 to whom it was referred, to state, in whom the right of appoint- 
 ing the School-master is ; and a scheme for the future manage- 
 ment of the Charity." 
 
 Whilst the Relators were preparing to lay the various matters 
 before Master Cox, the Master in Chancery to whom they were 
 referred in the Chancellor's Decree, they had only been able to 
 recommend and get appointed, VALENTINE GREEN, Esq., of 
 Normanton-le-Heath, in the County of Leicester, as Receiver of 
 the Rents of the School Estates, before Mrs. POCHIN (who, on the 
 death of WILLOUGHBY DIXIE, Esq., had been appointed Com-
 
 MARKET BOSWORTH.] LEICESTER. 765 
 
 mittee for the Lunatic, and was sole Executrix of her brother 
 WILLOUGHBY DIXIE) filed a Bill against them, to have the Cause 
 re-heard before a new Chancellor, who had been appointed on 
 Lord ELDON'S resignation of the Seals. 
 
 To this Bill the Relators put in their Answer without much 
 delay: But Mrs. POCHIN has never brought the matter to a 
 hearing, a measure, which has prevented the Relators from 
 proceeding in this business. 
 
 It must, however, in justice to the Relators be stated, that 
 they have suffered this long delay, from a specious proposal 
 
 I having been made to them of an amicable arrangement, 
 without the tedious forms of the Court. And as they are 
 well aware of the great grievance which the whole neigh- 
 bourhood sustains by procrastination, they are now deter- 
 mined, unless the business is settled to their satisfaction 
 during the present Term (Feby., 1818), or before the Easter 
 Term commences, to instruct Counsel to move the dismissal 
 of Mrs. POCHIN'S Suit. 
 
 Of those WORTHY MEN, who so laudably and honourably 
 instituted the proceedings, and who were so highly extolled 
 by Lord ELDON, Mr. FARMER only survives. 
 
 Since the appointment of Mr. GREEN the School estates 
 have been much ^improved, and the Revenue now amounts 
 to nearly 700. a year. 
 
 The Estates are situate at Appleby, in the Counties of 
 Leicester and Derby, at Loughborough, Carlton, Barton 
 in the Beans, and at Bosworth, all in the County of Leices- 
 ter. The Manor of Great Appleby also belongs to the 
 Governors. The accumulations are paid into the hands of 
 THE ACCOMPTANT GENERAL of the Court of Chancery, and 
 amount to a very large sum. 
 
 Mr. SLADE, the late Head Master, received only 101. a 
 year, Mr. SLADE (his Son), the Usher, 30., and Mr. 
 HOLWORTHY, the Writing Master, 20. or 21. per 
 annum. 
 
 When speaking of the worthy Founder of this School,
 
 766 LEICESTER. [MARKET BOSWORTH. 
 
 Mr. NICHOLS in an animated style observes, " Sir WOLSTAN 
 DIXIE, Avho was A FRIEND TO HIS COUNTRY and TO MAX- 
 KIND, deserves to be remembered for his exemplary character 
 as a Magistrate, and his extensive Charities ; And his De- 
 scendants have 'More reason to boast of having such an 
 Ancestor in their Family, than of the tradition that the 
 Founder of it was allied to King EGBERT."
 
 MARKET HARBOROUGH.] LEICESTER. 767 
 
 MARKET HARBOROUGH. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at MARKET HAR.BOROUGH, commonly 
 called " SMITH'S Charity School" was founded in the year 
 1614, by ROBERT SMITH, a native of this place, and Citizen 
 of London : who purchased of the Lord Mayor and Com- 
 monalty an Annuity of jlO. per annum, to be paid to the 
 Master, for teaching FIFTEEN poor Boys, gratis. 
 
 To this Annuity there has been some little addition made 
 by Two other donors. 
 
 On the 25th of May, 1650, by virtue of an order of Par- 
 liament, the yearly sum of 30. was directed to be paid out 
 of the Rectory of Whitwick, in the County of Leicester, 
 reserved to the Lord BEAUMONT, and from him sequestered 
 for increase of the maintenance of the Master of this School, 
 his Stipend at that time being only 13. per annum. 
 
 It was the wish of the Founder, that Latin, Greek, and 
 Hebrew should be taught in this School. And these in- 
 structions appear to have been complied with, from the cir- 
 cumstance of the first Five Masters being Clergymen, viz., 
 from The Revd. JOHN OR'PIN in 1614, to the death of The 
 Revd. GEORGE PERIAM on the 26th of April 1780. 
 
 But the original emoluments, amounting only to 25. per 
 annum, being inadequate to the talents of any person emi- 
 nent for learning, and the Poor being wholly unprovided for, 
 excepting the FIFTEEN Boys mentioned by The Founder, it 
 was lately converted into a NATIONAL SCHOOL on the Madras 
 System, in which One Hundred boys nearly are now taught 
 free of any expense.
 
 768 LEICESTER. [KIBWORTH. 
 
 KIBWORTH, near MARKET HARBOROUGH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at KIBWORTH is of ancient 
 origin. 
 
 In a Bill in Chancery, in the reign of HENRY the Seventh, the 
 Plaintiff sets forth, that certain lands and tenements in Kibworth 
 Beauchamp, Kibworth Harcourt, Smeeton Westerby, and Carle- 
 ton Curlieu, in the County of Leicester, were heretofore given for 
 the maintenance of a Free Grammar School, and Schoolmaster 
 in Kibworth. 
 
 On the 20th of November, 1614, a Commission upon the 
 Statute for Charitable uses was issued, And, on an Inquisition, 
 on the 4th of October, 1625, it was found that divers messuages, 
 farms, closes, and divers rents in Kibworth Beauchamp, and 
 other places, in the several occupations of THOMAS KILPECK, 
 and others, were given to the maintenance of a Free School : 
 
 And, on the 6th of October, it was decreed, that all the pro- 
 fits of the premises should be employed for ever : 
 
 1. Towards the maintenance of a Free Grammar School, and 
 
 a Master of the same : 
 
 2. .Towards erecting a School-house in the close of the said 
 
 THOMAS KILPECK : 
 
 3 . That the Tenants, then found to have paid under-rents, 
 
 should pay such sum to the Master as they were found 
 to be worth. 
 
 4. That the Tenants should pay to the Master such rents yearly 
 
 as were found : 
 
 5. That the Master should build a School-house therewith in 
 
 Kilpeck's close, should make leases for 21 years, not 
 under the value found by the Inquisition, but for as much 
 more as could be obtained, and that the Lessees should 
 pay their rent to the Master for the time being. 
 On the 5th of July, 1709, another Commission of Charitable 
 uses was taken out by Mr. LAMPLUOH, an Attorney of Kibworth, 
 and directed to THOMAS Earl of STAMFORD, BASIL Earl of DEN- 
 BIGH, Sir RICHARD HALFORD, Sir GEORGE BEAUMONT, Sir GIL- 
 BERT PICKERING, Baronets, and others, And two contradictory 
 Orders made thereupon, occasioned a long dispute in Chancery, 
 which, in 1722, was, by consent of all the parties, referred to 
 the arbitration of FRANCIS EDWARDS, of London, Esq., and 
 RICHARD BUCKS Y, of Kibworth Beauchamp, Gentleman, who
 
 KIBWORTH.] LEICESTER. , 769 
 
 decreed that a new Feoffment should be made to Sir RICHARD 
 HALFORD, Bart., and Fourteen others, as Trustees and Feoffees, 
 in trust for the Inhabitants of the Parish and the Charity, Who 
 were empowered regularly to elect a Master, and to perform the 
 other parts of the original Trust the substance of all which 
 was confirmed by the Court of Chancery, on the 9th of July, 
 1722. 
 
 Disputes, nevertheless, arising in 1724, in the choice of a 
 Master, Five of the old Feoffees clandestinely electing JOHN 
 CRANOR, a Relation of some of them, and Twelve others at a 
 regular Meeting electing WILLIAM Cox, Clerk, who was duly 
 licensed by the Bishop, the whole business was again carried 
 into Chancery, and not ended until about the year 1725, when, 
 The Earl of MACCLES FIELD being removed from the Chancellor- 
 ship, the Great Seal was committed to Sir JOSEPH JEKYLL, 
 Baron GILBERT, and Justice RAYMOND, one or more of whom 
 made an Order concerning it. 
 
 And, in 1725, FRANCIS EDWARDS, Esq., one of the 
 Trustees, a Gentleman eminent for liberality and munifi- 
 cence, then resident and possessed of considerable property 
 in the Parish, took down the old School-room, an indifferent 
 building, and very much out of repair, and re-built it, toge- 
 ther with the Master's house adjoining, at his own expense ; 
 before which time there was no House appropriated to the 
 use of the Master. An addition was made to it by The 
 Revd. Mr. Cox, the Master, who died in 1759 ; but it is 
 still small. 
 
 The School which is situate in the Hamlet of Kibworth 
 Beauchamp, and nearly in the centre of the Parish, is a noble 
 Edifice, with a spacious Court. 
 
 No Answer has been received to the Author's Letter. 
 
 VOL, i. 3D
 
 770 LEICESTER. [LEICESTER. 
 
 LEICESTER. 
 
 THE remote origin of THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at 
 LEICESTER is involved in considerable obscurity. But it 
 appears that the present building was erected by The Cor- 
 poration in the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, for which pur- 
 pose Her Majesty in consideration of 35. paid to Her by 
 them, granted to them the materials of the decayed Church 
 of ST. PETER, by a Charter dated the 7th of April, 1573. 
 
 The annual payments to the Head Master amount to 
 122..3..10., and are composed of the following sums, 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Gratuitous allowances made by The Corporation, 
 
 during pleasure. 75. .18.. 6 
 
 The Earl of HUNTINGDON'S gift payable by The 
 Corporation to the Master of WIGSTOX'S Hospital, 
 and by him paid to the Schoolmaster. This 
 Payment issues out of certain closes near Leices- 
 ter, called " Freakes Grounds," belonging to 
 The Corporation. 10.. 0.. O 
 
 Paid by The Master of WIGSTOX'S Hospital, being 
 
 Sir WILLIAM WIGSTON'S gift. 10.. 0.. 
 
 The Gift of Queen ELIZABETH, which is received out 
 
 of the revenues of the Duchy of Lancaster. 10.. 0.. 
 
 The amount of several small gifts made by differ- 
 ent individuals, and paid by The Corporation. 12.. 18.. 8 
 
 The gift of Sir RALPH ROWLETT out of the Manor of 
 
 Theddingworth. * 3.. 6.. 8 
 
 122.. 3.. 10 
 
 Besides which there is a good Dwelling-house adjoining 
 the School, capable of accommodating Forty Boarders, 
 which belongs to The Corporation, and is granted to the 
 Master for the time being, during pleasure, on payment of 
 an acknowledgement of 2s. 6d. annually. 
 
 The ancient STATUTES which are subscribed by The Earl 
 of HUNTINGDON who is named in the list of Benefactors, are
 
 LEICESTER.] LEICESTER. 771 
 
 not at all regarded in the modern regulation of the School. 
 The Mayor and Senior Aldermen have been in the habit of 
 prescribing such Rules as occasion might require, and a 
 copy of those which were settled on the appointment of the 
 present Head Master is here subjoined : 
 
 " At a COURT of ALDERMEN of those only that have been 
 Mayors, for electing a Head Schoolmaster of THE FREE GRAM- 
 MAR SCHOOL of this Borough, vacant by the resignation of The 
 Revd. HENRY ST. JOHN BULLEN, held on the 1 1th day of July, 
 1816; 
 
 At this Court The Revd. RICHARD DAVIES, B. D., of Queen's 
 College, Oxford, Vicar of St. Nicholas's Parish Leicester, of 
 Welton in Northamptonshire, and of Llanwnog in Montgome- 
 ryshire, was elected and chosen Head Schoolmaster Of The Free 
 Grammar School of the said Borongh in the room of The Revd. 
 HENRY ST. JOHN BULLEN, upon the conditions and terms, and 
 subject to the Rules hereunder written, to which it is directed 
 that the said RICHARD DAVIES shall subscribe his name when 
 his appointment is notified to him. To have and enjoy during 
 his continuance therein all Gifts, Profits, and Immunities be- 
 longing to the said Office. THOMAS BURBIDGE, 
 
 Town Clerk. 
 RULES. 
 
 1st. That there.be one Master appointed and invested with 
 the sole Government and Superintendence of the School. 
 
 2d. That he admit under his care all the Sons of Freemen 
 and Freemen's Widows resident in the said Borough, and the 
 Sons of deceased Freemen who were so resident immediately 
 before the time of their death, such Sons being on their admis- 
 sion of or above the age of seven years, and being capable of 
 reading correctly a Chapter in the Testament. 
 
 3d. That he instruct his Scholars in the Rudiments of the 
 English, Latin, and Greek Languages, according to the present 
 most approved method of teaching. 
 
 4th. That he provide and appoint an Usher, as Second Mas- 
 ter, properly qualified to teach the Classicks ; such Usher to be 
 removable at the discretion of the Head Master. 
 
 5th. That he also provide and appoint a third Master, re- 
 movable as aforesaid, to teach Writing and Accompts, and En- 
 glish, occasionally at such times and to such Boys as the Head 
 Master shall think proper to have instructed therein, for the 
 purpose of enabling them more readily to proceed in the Clas- 
 sicks. That English be taught so far as directed by this rule,
 
 772 LEICESTER. [LEICESTER. 
 
 gratis. That for writing and accompts the Master be allowed 
 to demand from each boy 7s. 6d. per Quarter. 
 
 6th. That the Head Master be allowed to demand from each 
 boy on the Foundation the sum of one Guinea on his admission, 
 and the sum of two Guineas per annum, in lieu of Potation money, 
 as has been usual heretofore. 
 
 7th. That there be two Vacations of one month each in the 
 Year, and that the Hours of teaching, and all Holidays be 
 appointed, according to the discretion of the Head Master. 
 
 8th. That there be one Visitation in the Year, according 
 to ancient custom, at such time as the Mayor for the time being 
 shall appoint ; when all the Free boys shall be submitted to 
 the examination of the Mayor and Visitors, and such of the 
 Clergy as they may call in to their assistance. And that upon 
 their report the boys be classed, and removed. 
 
 9th. That no Free boy be allowed to absent himself from 
 School, without the express permission of the Head Master. 
 
 10th. That no Free boy be expelled the School, but by the 
 Mayor and Visitors. 
 
 llth. That the Head Master be permitted to take under his 
 care any other boys, both for boarding and instruction. And that 
 the two Lower Masters assist in teaching them, as he may 
 direct. 
 
 12th. That no distinction be made in the treatment of the 
 Free boys and the other Scholars, but that there be a perfect 
 community of privileges between them. 
 
 13th. That at every Visitation the Head Master shall present 
 to the Mayor and Visitors a list in writing, containing the names 
 of the Free boys then in the School, whether upon the Founda- 
 tion or not, and that whenever the number of such boys shall be 
 less than Six such list be read by the Town Clerk at a special 
 Court of Senior Aldermen to be summoned for the purpose. 
 
 14th. That the Head Master bind himself to, observe these 
 rules, and to relinquish his Office when it shafi appear to the 
 Mayor and Senior Aldermen, or the major part of them, that he 
 has wilfully and habitually violated them to the manifest injury 
 of the School, or whenever they shall be decidedly of opinion that 
 the School is sinking into decay, or that the number of Boys is 
 so far decreased as that it is evidently going to decay through the 
 bad character, the negligence or misconduct of the Master, or 
 that his removal is necessary on account of his holding any 
 Principles which may be subversive of Religion or the established 
 Government of the Country. 
 
 15th. That the Head Master pay to the Under Masters, such 
 Salaries as he shall agree to allow them.
 
 LEICESTER.] LEICESTER. 773 
 
 16th. That the Head Master be required to sign these Rules 
 on his appointment. 
 
 Witness, RICHARD DAVIES. 
 
 THOMAS BCRJBIDGE, 
 
 Town Clerk. 
 
 The present number of boys in the School upon the 
 Foundation is about Twenty : besides whom there are about 
 Ten Boarders, for whose education the Head Master charges 
 ad libitum. 
 
 Application is made to the Head Master on behalf of the 
 Candidate for admission. There is no age prescribed at 
 which they are subject to Superannuation. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the present system 
 of Education is upon the ETON plan. 
 
 There is an EXHIBITION of 6. a year, payable by The 
 Corporation to Two Scholars living and studying in Lincoln 
 College, Oxford, which was gi\en by the Will of a Mr. 
 THOMAS HAYNE. The Scholars are to be chosen by the 
 Mayor, Recorder, and Three Senior Aldermen out of the 
 Free School of Leicester, or of Melton Mowbray, if Leices- 
 ter fails. 
 
 And by Deed enrolled, dated the llth of October, 1576, 
 HEXRY Earl of HUNTINGDON, Lord President of York, granted 
 an Annuity or Exhibition of 4., to be given yearly for ever to 
 Two Scholars (being poor men's sons), who should be Students 
 in this School, viz., 40s. a piece, to be paid to them by The 
 Master or Warden of The New Hospital, so long as they should 
 continue in th% School. And he also granted one other Annuity 
 or Exhibition of .6., to be given yearly to Two poor Scholars 
 who should go from this School to Oxford or Cambridge, to be 
 bred up in Learning there, none of the Scholars to enjoy the 
 same above the space of five years. 
 
 THE TRUSTEES are The Mayor and Aldermen who have 
 passed the Chair, and by them the Head Master is appointed. 
 
 The Ushers are now appointed by The Head Master. 
 
 THE VISITORS of this School are The Mayor and Alder- 
 men who have passed the Chair, who take to their assist- 
 ance the Vicars of the several Parishes in Leicester, and the
 
 774 LEICESTER. [LEICESTER. 
 
 Confrater of WIGSTON'S Hospital, and any other Gentle- 
 man whom they think proper. 
 
 The present Head Master, The Revd. RICHARD DAVIES, 
 was elected on the llth of July, 1816. This Gentleman's 
 terms for Boarders are Forty guineas per annum each. 
 
 The Second and Third Masters are merely the Assistants 
 of the Head Master, and do not take Pupils. 
 
 Among the Eminent men who have been educated here, 
 may be enumerated, 
 
 ROGER COTES, the Mathematician. 
 
 WILLIAM CHESELDEN, the Surgeon and Anatomist. 
 
 STY AN THIRLBY, LL. D., a very ingenious and learned 
 Critic. 
 
 RICHARD FARMER, D. D., the learned Critic and distin- 
 guished Scholar, and Master of Emanuel College, 
 Cambridge. 
 
 It is in the remembrance of many persons now living, that 
 this School was filled with the sons of Freemen, to the 
 number of THREE HUNDRED, and that each boy was 
 provided with a loaf or bun, which was delivered to them in 
 the School porch every morning, but this good custom 
 has been long discontinued.
 
 LOCGHBOROUGH.] LEICESTER. 775 
 
 LOUGHBOROUGH. 
 
 THE Town and Parish of Loughborough are in a very 
 high degree indebted to the fortune and estates of THOMAS 
 BURTON, an inhabitant of this Town, and a merchant of the 
 Staple at Calais ; who, by a Deed of Feoffment, dated the 
 29th of April, 1495, granted to RICHARD LYMINGDON 
 otherwise LEMINGTON, of Loughborough, Merchant, and 
 others, all his lands and tenements in the Parishes of Lough- 
 borough, North Cotes, Hoton-Cotes, Long Whatton, Har- 
 by, Stathern, Thrussington, Prestwold, and Burton on the 
 Wolds, all in the County of Leicester, and in those of 
 East Leek, Willoughby on the Wolds, and Sutton Bo- 
 nington, in the County of Nottingham : And, in the same 
 year, by Letter of Attorney, he empowered THOMAS BAR- 
 KER to enter upon the Premises, and in his name to deliver 
 the same into the full and peaceful seisin of Mr. LYMING- 
 DON, and the other Feoffees, being then of the annual 
 value of about 36. 
 
 These lands were originally given for the maintenance of 
 a CHANTRY in the Parish Church ; but, at the Reformation, 
 a Decree was passed to convert them to the use of a FREE 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL, the repair of certain public Bridges in 
 the Parish of Loughborough, and the surplus to be paid 
 over to the Overseers in aid of the Parish rates. 
 
 This appropriation was by several deeds of FeofFment 
 continued down to the reign of Queen ELIZABETH ; during 
 whose reign, a complaint being made in Chancery, an Or- 
 der was issued, in June, 1596, by Sir NICHOLAS BACON, 
 then Lord Keeper, directing, that if any dispute should 
 arise touching the misapplication of the rents and profits of 
 the said Lands, or the choice of new Feoffees, the same 
 should be determined by the Lord Chancellor, or Lord
 
 776 LEICESTER. [LOUGHBOROUGH. 
 
 Keeper, for the time being, or by the Judges of the Circuit 
 wherein such lands should lie. 
 
 The present amount of the Estates is about 1100. 
 per annum. The surplusage of the rents, after the Bridges 
 are repaired, and the Masters are paid, is handed over to 
 the Parish in aid of the Poors' Rates ; being upon the 
 average about Six or Seven Hundred pounds per annum. 
 
 THE FEOFFEES are TWELVE in number ; and when re- 
 duced to Six, by death or otherwise, the vacancies are to 
 be filled up immediately by the surviving Feoffees. 
 
 There are no STATUTES. The System of Education is at 
 the discretion of The Feoffees. 
 
 The School is free for all who reside in the Parish of 
 Loughborough. The number of Scholars, attending the 
 Grammar School, is now from 15 to 20, although it ha s 
 frequently been not so numerous. 
 
 Mr. JOHN SOMEEVILLE, Master of this School, by his 
 Will, dated the 10th of April, 1680, bequeathed 200. 
 for the purchase of land, and settled the same upon JESUS 
 COLLEGE, in Cambridge, towards the maintenance of one 
 or more Scholars there, until they be Masters of Arts, who 
 had been bred in The High School at Loughborough. 
 The rent of this estate is now about 25. per annum, but 
 it has not been claimed for the last Sixty years. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. THOMAS STE- 
 VENSON, whose Salary, which is optional with the Feoffees, 
 is now 100. per annum, together with a large House ca- 
 pable of accommodating from Twenty to Thirty Pupils, 
 and a garden. This Gentleman does not avail himself of 
 the opportunity of taking Boarders. 
 
 The Second Master has 30. per annum, with a house, 
 for teaching Twenty-five boys, reading, writing, and 
 arithmetic. 
 
 A Third Master has within these Twelve months been 
 engrafted upon the Establishment, who teaches 120 boys
 
 LOITGHBOKOUGH.] LEICESTER. 777 
 
 according to the Madras system, for which he receives 60. 
 per annum. 
 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS. 
 
 In ROBERT CALTON. 
 
 1568. JOHN DAWSON, Forty-eight years. 
 
 Mr. WOODMANSEY. 
 
 Mr. ATKINSON. 
 1636. Mr. LAWTONHOUSE. 
 1648. JOHN SOMERVILLE. 
 1682. Mr. VICKORS. 
 
 1686. Mr. ISAAC HOYLAND. 
 
 1696. Mr. SAMUEL MARTIN. 
 1748. THOMAS PARKINSON. 
 1773. THOMAS HADWIN. 
 1792. EDWARD SHAW. 
 
 1812. Mr. MORGAN, a Layman. 
 
 1813. The Revd. THOMAS STEVENSON. 
 
 There are no Church Preferments belonging to this 
 School ; neither is there a Common Seal.
 
 778 LEICESTER. [MELTON MOWBRAY. 
 
 MELTON MOWBRAY. 
 
 THE establishment of SCHOOLS at MELTON MOWBRAY ap- 
 pears to be of ancient date, for so early as the year 1347 
 they are noticed as having existed before that period, and 
 being then taken under the more immediate Patronage of 
 King HENRY the Third, in consequence of his becoming 
 possessed of the Temporalities of the Priory of Lewes. 
 
 The earliest of the Deeds, now in possession of The Feof- 
 fees of the Town Estate (the Rents of which are appropri- 
 ated for various other uses as well as the School), is a Con- 
 veyance from former Trustees. But by whom the estates 
 were at first given, is unknown. 
 
 The Endowment was originally, as it still remains, in 
 Houses and Land ; the whole amount of the rents of which 
 is now about 600. per annum. 
 
 About Twenty-five years since, almost all the Inhabitants 
 signed a Deed, by which the whole of the Estate is conveyed 
 to certain Feoffees in Trust, to apply the rents in such man- 
 ner as the Inhabitants shall at any Meeting, of which notice 
 (signed by TWELVE Inhabitants) shall have been given 
 three previous Sundays in the Church. 
 
 There are Two Schools : one for Boys, and the other 
 for Girls. THE LOWER SCHOOL for Boys is open for all in 
 the Town above Six years of age, free of expense ; and 
 these are removable by a Committee, as they think fit, into 
 THE HIGHER SCHOOL, likewise free of expense. The num- 
 ber is not limited. There are usually about One Hundred 
 in The High School ; and about Sixty in The Low School. 
 
 It is believed that the original Rents of the Town Estate 
 as to THE HIGH SCHOOL, were for establishing it as a Gram- 
 mar School. And this is confirmed by the circumstance of 
 it's being entitled to send Two poor Scholars to LINCOLN
 
 MELTON MOWBRAY.] LEICESTER. 779 
 
 COLLEGE, Oxford, in defect of that number not being sent 
 from Leicester. But the Latin Grammar is now ^seldom, 
 and the Greek never, used ; the School being chiefly for 
 Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic ; the routine of which is 
 at the Master's discretion. 
 
 The present Head Master is, Mr. JOHN BRERETON, 
 whose Salary is 84. per annum, together with a House 
 and Close, rent free; but the Taxes amounting to 21. 
 per annum are paid by him. He has the liberty of taking 
 what number of Boarders he pleases into his House, which 
 has usually been TEN on the average, and for which he 
 charges about 25. per annum each. 
 
 There is a Second Master to The High School, who has 
 a Salary of 55., together with a small House, rent and 
 taxes free. He does not take Pupils. 
 
 On the 1st of February 1649, Mr. HENRY STOKES, then 
 Schoolmaster of Melton, was elected Head Master of 
 Grantham, where he had the honour to have Sir ISAAC 
 NEWTON as one of his Pupils. On the 8th of December, 
 1663, Mr. STOKES voluntarily resigned Grantham School, 
 and returned to Melton. 
 
 Mr. JOHN HENLEY, better known by the appellation of 
 " Orator HENLEY,'' was a native of this Town, and was 
 bred up first in the Free School of Melton, under Mr. DAF- 
 FY, a diligent and expert Grammarian : from whence he was 
 removed Lo that of Oakham, in the County of Rutland, 
 under Mr. WRIGHT, eminent for liis knowledge of the La- 
 tin, Greek, and Hebrew languages.
 
 780 LINCOLN. [ALFORD. 
 
 ALFORD. 
 
 THE FEEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of ALFORD is of ancient 
 origin. 
 
 By Deed dated in 1565, it is stated that, for the better 
 relief of the Poor, and also for the godly and virtuous educa- 
 tion of the Youth of Alford and the Neighbourhood, FRANCIS 
 SPANNING, of that place, Merchant, laid the first Founda- 
 tion of a " FREE SCHOOL to teach the ABC, and also to 
 read both English and Latin," and that he gave 50. to 
 be put out to Interest, four-fifths of the Income to be applied 
 to the use of the Schoolmaster, and one-fifth to the Poor of 
 Alford ; and that he appointed TEN Managers of this little 
 establishment, Six of them to be Feoffees chosen out of the 
 Inhabitants, and to be called the first GOVERNORS of the 
 School, the other FOUR to be chosen out of respectable 
 persons in or near the Town, and to be called AUDITORS. 
 
 WILLIAM GUBBE, by deed, gave 35- to promote the 
 plan, and to increase the objects of Mr. SPANKING'S bene- 
 volence. 
 
 In 1576, a Charter was obtained, probably through the 
 interest of Mr. JOHN SPENLUPFE and Mr. TOOTHBY, who 
 were both of them Auditors of the first Institution. It is 
 worded in strict conformity with the principal views of the 
 original Benefactors, and seems to vary only to give effect to 
 their design, and the better to fulfil their intentions in favour 
 of the town and neighbourhood of Alford. 
 
 The Charter orders, that the School shall be a " Free School" 
 for ever, for the good education and instruction of Children and 
 Youth there, and in the neighbouring parts, and to be called 
 " THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of Queen ELIZABETH," on the 
 foundation of WILLIAM Lord BURLEIGH, and Sir THOMAS CECIL, 
 Knight, his son ; 
 
 That there shall be one Master, and one Usher or Under-
 
 ALFORD.] LINCOLN. 781 
 
 Master, for ever, and appoints TEX men, Inhabitants of Alford, 
 to be GOVERNORS of the School ; 
 
 The Governors are constituted a Corporate Body, and are 
 empowered to receive lands and other possessions, and to give, 
 grant, and assign the same. And in case of death or removal, 
 vacancies are to be supplied by the surviving Governors ; 
 
 The Masters, and Ushers, are to be appointed by The Gover- 
 nors , 
 
 Wholesome and proper Statutes, made by the Governors and 
 their Successors, in writing, touching the preservation and dis- 
 position of the rents and revenues for the support of the School, 
 are to be inviolably observed. 
 
 In 1586, Mr. GALLEY, being the only surviving Governor 
 under the first appointment, transferred the original School 
 property, and made over his Trust, to the Governors under 
 the Charter. 
 
 R. TOOTHBY, Esq., in consideration of 25., and further 
 to promote the success of the School, conveyed to Mr. JOHX 
 SPENLUFFE a house, garden, and close. The abutments 
 correspond with the premises now occupied by the Head 
 Master, and the Indenture between Mr. JOHN SPEXLUFFE 
 and Mr. TOOTHBY is witnessed by several Governors, and 
 also by Mr. RICHARD SPEXLEY. 
 
 Mr. JOHN SPENLUFFE, of Farlsthorpe, Gentleman, by his 
 Will dated the 7th of April, 1588, gives his estates at 
 Farlsthorpe and Strubby, except one pasture at Farlsthorpe 
 called Saylbred? in case of his dying without lawful issue, to 
 the Governors and their Successors for the use of the School- 
 master, for ever, upon condition that the Governors, or their 
 Successors, shall not let any of the lands and tenements 
 mentioned in his Will, for less than the accustomed rent, nor 
 grant leases for more than three years ; and pay yearly out 
 of the same to the poor Inhabitants of Alford and Farls- 
 thorpe, Two Pounds during the life of HEKKY ORMSBIE. 
 Provided always, that if the said Governors, or their Succes- 
 sors, should at any time put away any Schoolmaster, unless 
 allowed of by two Magistrates, before his explusion, one of
 
 782 LINCOLN. [ALFORD. 
 
 which to be named by the Schoolmaster, that then and 
 thenceforth the present demise as to the said Governors, to 
 cease and revert to the Heir at Law of the said JOHN 
 SPENLUFFE. 
 
 He gives also, to WORTHFOLK, and AUDLEY, 
 
 his lands and tenements in the Parish of Cumberworth which 
 he bought of EDWARD OVEREN, during their lives and the 
 life of the Survivor, and then to the Governors in trust for 
 the use of the Schoolmaster there for ever. The rest of his 
 Estates are given in like manner. 
 
 By Deeds, in 1594, JOHN BENNACLE, of Sutterton, in the 
 County of Lincoln, the Heir at Law of Mr. SPENLUFFE, in 
 consideration of 23. paid to him, and further that the good 
 intentions of Mr. SPENLUFFE might not be frustrated by the 
 non-performance of any conditions or provisions in his Will, 
 whereby the estate of the Governors of the revenues, posses- 
 sions, and goods of the said Grammar School, and of their 
 Successors, might in any wise be impeached or defeated by 
 the said JOHN BENNACLE, or his heirs, releases., as well for 
 himself as his heirs, all the lands and premises of Mr. 
 SPENLUFFE with all their right, title, and interest in the 
 same, to the then Governors and their Successors. 
 
 In 1658, Seventeen acres of meadow land, in the Parish 
 of Saleby, were purchased by the Governors, in pursuance 
 of the Will of Mr. LANGTON, of Bilsby, who gave 100. 
 for the use of the School. 
 
 Sir ROBERT CHRISTOPHER, by his Will dated the 1st. of 
 February, 1668, bequeathed " to the Governors of The 
 Free Grammar School of Alford, for the benefit of the said 
 School for ever, the sum of ,5., to be paid yearly for ever, 
 upon May-Day, or within Forty days after, out of his Lands 
 in Alford, which he bought of Mr. TOOTHBY." 
 
 There are two Quinquennial Fellowships at Magdalen 
 College, Cambridge, for boys from this Foundation. And 
 there is also a Scholarship of <6..8..6. per annum, at Jesus
 
 ALFORD.] LINCOLN. 783 
 
 College, Cambridge, for persons from the Schools at Caistor, 
 Louth, or Alford. 
 
 The Revd. RICHARD SPENLEY, Master of the School, by 
 his Will dated the 15th of June 1583, gave " to the Gover- 
 nors of The Free Grammar School of ELIZABETH in Alford, 
 to the use of a Scholar there, Twenty Shillings yearly, for 
 ever, to be taken out of his lands at Gayton." 
 
 In the year 1811, the Revenues of the School Estates 
 were, 
 
 The gift of Mr. SPENLUFFE, 
 
 Part of R. Lucas's Farm <27-. 0. 
 
 Widow Lucas's Farm 96..0..0 
 
 Thacker's Farm 26..0..0 
 
 Cade's Farm 4..4..0 
 
 Kirk's Farm - 21. .0.0 
 
 4.. 
 The gift of Mr. LANGTON, 
 
 Part of R. LUCAS'S Farm, in Saleby, 17--O..O 
 
 The gift of Mr. RICHARD SPENLEY, 
 
 Land in Gayton, to the use of a Scholar, 1..0..0 
 
 Sir R. CHKISTOPHER'S Annuity, 5..0..0 
 
 From which deduct Mr. SPENLUFF'S 
 
 Out-Rents, 0..9..O 
 Charities, 4..0..O 
 
 4..9..0 
 
 192..15..0 
 
 The House and Premises in Alford are occupied by the 
 Head Master, rent free. 
 
 The following is a Copy of " THE RULES and ORDERS " 
 which were concluded upon by the Governors, to be observed 
 in " THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of ALFORD," in 1599, 
 and about the first time The Head Master was chosen, after 
 Mr. JOHN SPENLUFFE'S endowment was received : 
 
 1. The Schoolmaster and Usher shall take good heed, that 
 they receive none into the number of their Scholars, that hath
 
 784 LINCOLN. [ALFORD. 
 
 any corrupt or noisome disease in body or head which is loath- 
 some, lest others should be infected with the same 
 
 2. They both shall be at the School daily in the Morning, 
 both Summer and Winter season, betwixt Six and Seven of the 
 clock, there to begin with Prayers for the better speed and suc- 
 cess in their labours, and so continue exercising their offices in 
 teaching unto Eleven of the clock, at which hour they and their 
 Scholars shall go to dinner. 
 
 3. After dinner both they and their Scholars shall be at the 
 School again at One of the clock, and there to continue in their 
 function and offices 'till Five of the clock be stricken, at which 
 time Prayers being said they may depart for all night. 
 
 4. They shall not intermit their offices of teaching or break 
 up the School at any times in the year, but from the Even of St. 
 Thomas the Apostle before the Feast of the Nativity until the 
 day next after the Epiphany, and again from the Tuesday before 
 Easter-day until the Sunday next after Easter-day, except great 
 Sickness shall enforce thereunto. 
 
 5. They shall not absent themselves, at such time as the 
 School is kept, about their own business out of the Town, 
 without the consent of Two of the Governors, appointing some 
 sufficient person in their place, if they be absent above the space 
 of two days together. 
 
 6. The Schoolmaster shall keep a Register book to write the 
 names, ages, and days of admission and placing of his Scholars, 
 to the end that their continuance and proficiency in Learning 
 may be certainly known. 
 
 7. Whoever shall offer his Child to be a Scholar in this School 
 shall, at his first coming, pay unto the Schoolmaster for his 
 admission 4d. 
 
 8. There shall none be admitted into this Grammar School 
 before he can read perfectly, and write legibly. 
 
 9. That it is not accounted any part of the Schoolmaster his 
 duty to teach any of his Scholars to write, but of his own good 
 will and gentleness. 
 
 10. Whoever shall be absent from the School (at such time 
 as the School is kept) for the space of six days, or else be com- 
 monly absent, shall not be accounted any member of this School 
 (except it be through sickness only), unless he be admitted 
 again by the Master, paying for his admission 4d., unless it shall 
 otherwise be thought good of the Master. 
 
 11. If the Schoolmaster shall perceive such untowardness in 
 any Child that he cannot learn the rudiments of Grammar, 
 either wilfulness and negligence that he will not learn, that 
 then it shall be lawful for the Schoolmaster (his friends being
 
 ALFORD.] LINCOLN. 7S5 
 
 first certified thereof) to refuse him, as one unworthy to bear 
 the name of a Scholar, spending his time in idleness. 
 
 12 . That no man shall have authority to taunt and check the 
 Schoolmaster, or to intermeddle with any thing pertaining to his 
 duty, but only the Governors of the School, 
 
 13. It shall be lawful for the Schoolmaster to expel and 
 refuse as Scholars, all such as shall falsely and scandalously 
 report any thing of the Schoolmaster (the Governors first certi- 
 fied thereof.) Yea, and that it shall be lawful for the School- 
 master to refuse to admit, and to expulse all those whose Parents 
 have falsely scandalized the Schoolmaster by any evil reports, 
 nevertheless this whole charge to be moderated by the Governors. 
 
 14. If the Scholar be found apt to learning, his friends shall 
 not remove him from this School to any other, before he hath 
 attained competent Learning to his own profit, his friends' 
 comfort, and the good commendation of his Teacher." 
 
 In the year 1802, those Ordinances were revised by the 
 Governors, who then concluded upon the following " RULES 
 and OKDERS," which vary from the preceding, principally, in 
 these particulars, viz., Times of the Master's Attendance, 
 Length of the Vacations, and the Terms of Admission 
 to be paid by the Scholars. 
 
 HOURS OF ATTENDANCE. The Schoolmaster and Usher shall 
 both be at the School, daily, in the Summer season, from Lady- 
 day to Michaelmas, from 7 to 9 o' Clock in the morning, then 
 from 10 to 12, and from 2 to 5 o'Clock in the evening ; And, 
 in the Winter season, from Michaelmas to Lady-day, from 8 to 
 12 o'Clock in the morning, and from 2 to 5 o'Clock in the 
 evening. 
 
 SUBJECT OF PRAYER. That the Head Master, or some 
 Scholar to be appointed by him, shall read Prayers each morning 
 and evening, for good success in their labours, and the improve- 
 ment of their Scholars as well in Learning, as in the Religion of 
 the Established Church of England. 
 
 VACATIONS. To be from the 16th of December to the Eve 
 of St. Paul 5 and again from the Tuesday before Easter to the 
 Wednesday after; and, lastly, from the 21st of June 'till the 
 25th of July. No other intermissions of teaching, except in the 
 case of great general sickness. 
 
 In case of a Scholar's absence from sickness, a certificate shall 
 be required from a Gentleman of the Faculty. 
 
 If from other causes, a certain length of time, or commonly 
 absent, such Scholar shall pay at his re-entrance 10s, 6d. 
 
 VOL. i. 3 E
 
 786 LINCOLN. [ALFORD. 
 
 (instead of4d.), unless it shall be otherwise thought good by the 
 Master. 
 
 Note. The fourteenth original Rule is not mentioned, nor any 
 other substituted in it's stead. 
 
 TERMS. A child at his first coming shall pay, as a Free 
 Scholar, to the Head Master I0s..6d. entrance. And to the 
 Usher Two guineas annually, and 5s. entrance. 
 
 On the death of Mr. ELLIS, the Head Master, in 1802, 
 the following u CONDITIONS " were required to be subscribed 
 by his Successor : 
 
 1. That he shall observe for himself and Scholars the several 
 RULES and ORDERS settled and adjusted by the Governors for 
 the good management of the said School, and dated the 2d of 
 March, 1802. 
 
 2. That the said Master shall accept of a Salary of not less 
 than lOO. per annum, and the use and occupation of the house 
 and garden, for his teaching the Free Scholars in the said School, 
 and shall assent to the Governors disposing of the remainder of 
 the rents and revenues of the said School, in the payment of a 
 Salary to an Usher or Under-Master, for the purpose of teaching 
 English grammatically, writing, and arithmetic, and for such 
 other purposes as the said Governors, or the major part of them, 
 in their judgement shall think proper, for the benefit of the said 
 Institution. 
 
 3. That the said Master shall keep and leave the said School- 
 house and Premises, in good and substantial repair, and shall 
 not let the same or any part thereof, without consent of the 
 Governors. 
 
 4. That if the said Master shall at any time neglect or abuse 
 the trust reposed in him, or shall be absent from his School more 
 than Fourteen days, except in the Vacations, without consent of 
 the Governors, they shall be at liberty to discharge him upon a 
 Quarter's warning. 
 
 5. That if he shall accept of any Benefice other than Curacies 
 in the neighbourhood, without the like consent, he shall imme- 
 diately relinquish the said School, and the Governors may pro- 
 ceed to chuse another Master in his stead. 
 
 6. That the said Master shall enter into a Bond on his 
 appointment, to the said Governors, in the penalty of ONE 
 THOUSAND POUNDS, to oblige him to observe and perform the 
 conditions above-mentioned" ! ! ! 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. WILLIAM 
 THOMPSON, who was elected in 1802.
 
 ALFORD.] , LINCOLN. 787 
 
 The endowment left by the Will of Mr. JOHN SPENLUFFE, 
 for the Head Master, was regularly paid to this Gentleman 
 until the year 1 808 ; When a contest having arisen among 
 the Governors, about the disposal of the Vicarage of Saleby, 
 " two of their own body laying down the office of Governors 
 and becoming" CANDIDATES." The unsuccessful party then 
 resigned their offices. 
 
 Since that affair, the Governors have been induced to 
 apply Sixty pounds a year, out of a Salary which was left 
 exclusively to the Head Master, for the support of an 
 Under-Master, and have thrown the School open to the 
 whole Population, " who send their Children, literally, to 
 learn their Alphabet.'' 
 
 Before that circumstance, the present Head Master had a 
 creditable School, and a number of Boarders ; but, on this 
 alteration, they were taken away.
 
 788 LINCOLN. [BOSTON. 
 
 BOSTON. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of BOSTON was founded and endowed 
 by Queen MARY in the year 1554, for the instruction of 
 boys and youth in Grammar, and may be considered as 
 open, for such education, to those who are natives of the 
 Town or Parish. 
 
 The building was erected by The Mayor and Burgesses 
 of the Town in 1567, being the ninth year of Queen ELIZA- 
 BETH, and is a spacious, lofty, and airy Room, having five 
 windows on each side, and one at each end. The Windows 
 were formerly ornamented with stained glass, and contained 
 the following Arms, 
 
 -, . , G. 2 lions passant or, a border arg. 
 Or, a chevron, G. 
 
 Stafford. 
 
 Arg. a fesse, and 3 martlets in cheife Sa. 
 Or, on a chevron G. 3 martlets arg. between 3 
 fleurs de lis vert. 
 
 It is situate at the South extremity of Boston, and a little 
 retired from the Town. There is a good yard, or play- 
 ground, with a high wall round it. But there is no house 
 appointed for the residence of either the Master, or Usher. 
 
 The original Endowment consisted of certain messuages, 
 lands, tenements, woods, rents, reversions, SEC. But the 
 present amount of the value of that endowment, so far as it 
 relates to the School alone, cannot be easily ascertained with 
 precision, as other purposes besides the founding of the 
 School, and the maintaining of a Master and Usher, were 
 included in the original Grant. 
 
 The sum of 20. is the most ancient Salary upon record, 
 as having been paid to the Master. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars have for many
 
 BOSTON.] LINCOLN. 
 
 years been generally used here. There is, however, no par- 
 ticular system of Education prescribed by the Statutes ; the 
 Master being left to his own discretion in adopting such 
 methods, and using such books, as may appear to him to be 
 the best calculated to promote the improvement of his Pupils. 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOHN BANKS, 
 B. D., who, on his being elected to the School in 1790, was 
 appointed to receive 20. per annum as his Stipend from 
 The Corporation, together with the further additional allow- 
 ance of 80. annually, during the approbation and pleasure 
 of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council in Common- 
 Hall assembled, who are the Patrons of the School : Which 
 additional sum has since been increased to 100. per annum. 
 This Gentleman resides in a large and commodious Dwelling 
 in a very open and healthy part of the Town. He receives 
 into his House a small number of young Gentlemen ; his 
 terms, for the Board and Education of each Pupil, being 
 only Thirty-four Pounds per annum. For the greater ad- 
 vantage of the youth intrusted to his care, he retains in his 
 House a Writing-Master, who constantly attends the School. 
 The present system of Education, in this Grammar School, 
 is such as to prepare the Pupils for the great Public Schools, 
 the Universities, or for Commercial business ; and every re- 
 gard is shown to their Morals and religious Principles. 
 
 The present Usher, or Second Master, is, The Revd. 
 THOMAS MITCHINSON, A. B., whose yearly Salary from The 
 Corporation is 60. 
 
 The following is a List of THE HEAD MASTERS, from 
 the Foundation of the School to the present time : 
 In 1585. PETER LILLEY. 
 
 1588. SAMUEL BEADLE, M. A. 
 
 1597 JOHN NEWALL, A. B. 
 
 1608. JOHN BLACKBORNE, M. A 
 
 1613. BARJONA DONE. 
 
 1616. JOHN SKELTON, M. A
 
 790 LINCOLN. [BOSTON-. 
 
 In 1618. JOHN WAKD, M. A. 
 
 1619. THOMAS JAMES. 
 
 1620. WILLIAM WATSON, M. A. 
 1627. SAMUEL WINTER. 
 
 1630. WILLIAM GOODWIN. 
 
 1631. GEORGE ATKINSON. 
 1639. RICHARD COOPER. 
 1642. WILLIAM KIKG, M. A. 
 
 1648. MARMADUKE MILLINGTON, LL.B. 
 1652. EUSEBIUS MORTON. 
 
 165-. ASHALL. 
 
 1657. RICHARD PALFREYMAN. 
 1661. JONATHAN JEPTHCOTE, M. A. 
 1663. PHILIP ORMSTON. 
 1667. SAMUEL PALMER, M. A. 
 
 1679. EDWARD EMERSON. 
 
 1680. THOMAS BENNETT. 
 1687. JOSEPH BELL. 
 1693. WILLIAM SPEED. 
 
 1702. EDWARD KELSALL, M. A. 
 1719. THOMAS COLEBURN. 
 1726. JOHN RIGBY, M. A. 
 1732. JOSEPH SMITH. 
 1737. MATTHEW ROBINSON, M. A. 
 1745. JAMES MUSCUTT, M. A. 
 1759. THOMAS BATEMAN, A. B. 
 1769. OBADIAH BELL, A. B. 
 1790. JOHN BANKS, B.D., RS.A.
 
 BUTTERWICK.] LINCOLN. 791 
 
 BUTTERWICK, near BOSTON. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at BUTTERWICK was founded 
 on the 2d of November, 1665, by ANTHONY PINCHBECK, of 
 Buttenvick, Yeoman, " for the love and good will, which 
 he beareth the Inhabitants of Butterwick and within the 
 Hundred of the same, and for the better educating and in- 
 structing in Learning all the Children and Youth, at all 
 times hereafter inhabiting in Butterwick aforesaid, and the 
 Hundred thereof," and liberally endowed by him with 
 lands in the several Parishes of Fishtoft, Butterwick, Lever- 
 ton, and Friskney, which, in 1814, were let for 200. per 
 annum, but by a recent Inclosure have been augmented to 
 250. 
 The present Master is, The Revd. WILSON BANKS.
 
 792 LINCOLN. [CAISTOR. 
 
 CAISTOR. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at CAISTOR was founded in 
 pursuance of the Will of FRANCIS RAWLINSON, Clerk, 
 Rector of the Parish of St. Nicholas in South Kelsey, dated 
 the 20th of December, 1630, which is as follows: 
 
 " I give, commit, and bequeath into the hands of The Right 
 Worshipful Sir EDWARD ASCOUGH, the summe of 400., to be 
 laid out and disposed by him upon land to be given and assured 
 for ever by License of Mortmaine, or such other conveyance and 
 assurance as the Law in such case requireth, for and towards 
 the Foundation and maintenance of a Free Grammar School to 
 continue for ever in the Markett Town of Caistor in the County 
 of Lincoln, if the Inhabitants of that Town of Caistor shall and 
 will at their own proper costs and charges erect and build up, 
 in some convenient place in that Town, a House meet and suffi- 
 cient in the opinion and judgment of the said Sir EDWARD 
 ASCOUGH or his heirs, to be the said School-house, within two 
 years after my decease : 
 
 " Item, my Will is that the said .400. be paid by my Execu- 
 tors into the hands of the said Sir EDWARD AYSCOUGH within 
 one year next after my decease, to be bestowed as aforesaid, and 
 that the 400. be not only to purchase 20. per annum, but 
 also for all assurances whatsoever concerning the same 5 And if 
 any thing remain of the said 400., my Will is, it shall be repaid 
 to my Executors : 
 
 " Item, My will and desire is that the said Sir EDWARD AYS- 
 COUGH, and his heirs for ever, be Feoffees in Trust, and Patrons 
 and Protectors of the said School, to elect a fitt and sufficient 
 Schoolmaster as often as the place shall be void, and for the 
 letting and leasing of all such lands as shall be purchased with 
 the said 400., and for paying unto the said Master thereof the 
 yearly Stipend which shall arise out of the said land ; 
 
 " And because I doe wholy commit the Trust of this thing 
 unto the said Sir EDWARD ASCOUGH and his heirs, therefore my 
 will and desire is that the Town of Caistor, and whatsoever 
 Towns besides that shall send, shall be free to have their Child- 
 ren taught in the said School." 
 
 This Will was executed in the presence of five Witnesses, 
 and was proved at Lincoln on the 21st of January, 1630-31.
 
 CAISTOR.] LINCOLN. 793 
 
 With Mr. RAWLINSON'S bequest the Great Tythes of 
 JBeesby were purchased, which now produce about 130. 
 per annum. 
 
 A subsequent Endowment was made by WILLIAM HAN- 
 SORD, Esq., with which lands were purchased in the Parish 
 of Cumberworth, now of the annual value of 60. 
 
 The following is a Copy of the " ORDERS and ORDI- 
 NANCES," which were made by the original FEOFFEES. 
 
 1. First, according to the Will of the said FRANCIS RAWLIN- 
 SON, not only the town of Caster, but also all other Towns are 
 to be free to send their Children and Youth to be instructed in 
 good Literature. And neither the Schoolmaster nor the Usher 
 for the time being, nor their Successors, are to neglect or refuse 
 to teach or instruct any Child or Youth which shall come or be 
 sent to them to be taught or instructed, except such Child or 
 Youth shall by reason of some Leproisie, Scall, or infectious 
 Disease be thought or deemed by the Constables and Church- 
 wardens of the Town of Caster for the time being, or the 
 greater part of them, unfit to be admitted into the Society or 
 Company of other Children. And in such case, the Schoolmas- 
 ter and Usher ought to take special care, that no such diseased 
 Child or Children be admitted into the said School. 
 
 2. Item, The Schoolmaster or Usher for the tune being, or 
 their Successors, are not to expect, demand, exact, or require 
 any money, salary, reward, or wages other than the Stipends 
 or Rents of the lands belonging to the said School, for the 
 teaching or instructing of any Child or Children but what shall 
 be freely given as a Gratuity, without requiring, exacting or 
 expecting they may receive, yet always regarding that they be 
 as carefull and diligent in instructing the Poor as the Rich, and 
 those from or by whom no gratuity or reward cometh to them, 
 as those from or by whom they receive gratuity or reward. 
 
 3. Item, the Scholars are to repair to the School before Seven 
 of the Clock in the Morning, and the Schoolmaster and Usher 
 by or at Seven ; and there to remain till Eleven, without any 
 intermission for any time of Breakfast after Seven of the Clock. 
 Also the Schoolmaster, Scholars, and Usher are to return to the 
 School in the Afternoon by One of the clock, and thereto remain 
 'till Five. 
 
 4. Item, the said Schoolmaster and Usher, according to the 
 mind and intention of WILLIAM HANSORD, Esq., (from whom 
 a good benefit came to the said School) are every Saturday Af- 
 ternoon, from One of the clock to Three, and at such other
 
 794 LINCOLN. [CAISTOR. 
 
 times as they shall think fit, to teach and instruct their Scholars 
 in the rudiments of Religion, as the Catechism used in the Book 
 of Common Prayer, NOWEL'S Catechism, or other Catechism, 
 and the construing of Chapters in the Greek or Latin Testa- 
 ment. 
 
 5. Item, the said Schoolmaster or Usher are not to refrain the 
 School upon the Eves of Holidays, or any other days, before 
 Three of the Clock in the Afternoon, nor then neither but 
 rarely, and that at the Shoolmaster's discretion, except it be in 
 case where some Gentleman Stranger, or other, desire or request 
 of the said Schoolmaster a Play-day for the Scholars, which is 
 rarely to be granted at any one's request for more time than one 
 
 afternoon 5 And upon such Play-days School Exercise, 
 
 as Verses, Epistles, or Latins, master appointed to the 
 
 Scholars fit for such exercises make against the next 
 
 day. 
 
 6. Item, the said Schoolmaster, Usher, and Scholars are to 
 repair to the School, and not give over for or against Christmas 
 'till " O Sapientta-," * nor f r or against Easter or Witsuntide, 
 before the Wednesday next before each of the same Feasts 5 
 nor in the Potation or Clerk-Thursday Weekp before Tuesday at 
 noon, and, on the Friday in that Week, to repair to the Church 
 again. 
 
 7- Item, the said Schoolmaster is to have out of the Rents and 
 Profits of the lands belonging to the said School the yearly 
 Stipend of 40 marks, and the Usher the yearly Stipend of 20 
 marks, and both of them are carefully to see to the performance 
 of those orders, that no complaint for not observing thereof be 
 made to Sir EDWARD AYSCOUGH, Knight, his heirs or assigns, 
 Patron or Protector of the said School, at whose pleasure it is 
 at any time to place or displace the said Schoolmaster and Usher, 
 as to him and them shall seem meet. 
 
 8. Item, the residue of the profits of the said lands over and 
 besides the 40 marks per annum to the said Head Master, and 
 2O marks per annum to the Usher, is in the first place to go to 
 the repair and maintenance of the said School-house, and if any 
 thing remain, the same to be bestowed in some charitable way 
 
 3 The 1 6th of December. 
 
 b The Clerk's Ale was in the Easter Holidays, and was the 
 method taken to enable Clerks of Parishes to collect more rea- 
 dily their dues $ or, as it is expressed in AUBREY'S MS. History 
 of Wilts, as cited by Mr. WARTON in his History of English 
 Poetry, <f it was for the Clerk's private benefit and the solace of 
 the neighbourhood."
 
 CAISTOB.] LINCOLN. 795 
 
 within the Town of Caster, as the said EDWARD AYSCOUGH 
 shall appoint. 
 
 9. Lastly, for the preventing of such mischief and inconveni- 
 ence as may happen to the said Town and School by the death 
 of the Feoffees, in whom the estate of the lands for maintenance 
 and upholding the said School, Schoolmaster, and Usher remain- 
 eth, the said School-master and Usher are to take care, when 
 any one of the FeoiFees thereof dieth, presently after to give 
 notice thereof to the said Sir EDWARD AYSCOUGH, his heirs or 
 assigns, and to put him or them in mind to put other Feoffees, 
 instead of him or them so dying, before such time as there be 
 too few of the same Feoffees remaining alive. 
 " FEOFFEES for the School lands in Beesby are these, 
 
 Sir EDWARD AYSCOUGH, Knt. 
 
 Sir WILLIAM PELHAM, Knt. 
 
 Sir CHRISTOPHER WRAY, Knt. 
 " FEOFFEES for the School lands in Cnmberworth are these, 
 
 Sir EDWARD AYSCOUGH, Knt. 
 
 Sir WILLIAM PELHAM, Knt. 
 
 Sir CHISTOPHER WRAY, Knt. 
 
 ROBERT OSNEY, Esq. 
 
 ALEXANDER EMERSON, Esq. 
 
 HUSTWAIT WRIGHT, Gentleman. 
 
 MICHAEL, KM ERMON, Gentleman. 
 
 JOHN BARNARD, Gentleman. 
 
 It does not appear that any Feoffees were ever after ap- 
 pointed. 
 
 The Patronage of the School has been, for many years, 
 in the BOUCHERETT Family, and the present Patron is AYS- 
 COUGH BOUCHEEETT, Esq., of North Willingham. in the 
 County of Lincoln. 
 
 There is no House attached to the Endowment, as the 
 resident Vicars have generally been the Masters. 
 
 The School is open to Children indefinitely, and is free 
 of expense to all the World. Children are admitted when 
 they can read a Chapter in the Bible, and remain as long 
 as their parents or friends think proper. The present num- 
 ber of boys and girls in the School is between 30 and 40. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used, when required ; but 
 English, writing, and arithmetic are principally taught. 
 
 There is one Exhibition at Jesus College, Cambridge,
 
 796 LINCOLN. [CAISTOR. 
 
 of about 10. per annum, arising from lands in the Parish 
 of Harbrough, for Scholars from Caistor, Louth, or Alford ; 
 but no one has been sent from this School for a great num- 
 ber of years. 
 
 The present Master is, The Rev. ROWLAND BOWSTEAD, 
 Those Salary is 130. per annum, arising from the rental 
 of Beesby Tythes. This Gentleman has no Boarders as 
 Pupils at present. 
 
 The Usher enjoys the rental of the Cumber-worth Estate, 
 being 60. per annum. He has no Boarders as Pupils. 
 
 JOHN BARNARD, D.D., the son of one of the original 
 Feoffees, was educated at this School. He was the 
 author of the " Censura Cleri? which was published with- 
 out his name.
 
 GAINSBOROUGH.] LINCOLN. 797 
 
 GAINSBOROUGH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of GAINSBOROUGH was 
 founded by Queen- ELIZABETH, who permitted any of her 
 liege Subjects to endow it with lands, or other property, not 
 exceeding in value SO. per annum. 
 
 If any persons availed themselves of the Queen's permis- 
 sion, their bequests have been totally lost ! 
 
 It is not improbable, that some of the original Petitioners 
 to the Queen did endow the School : For the Charter ap- 
 points TWELVE of the more discreet and substantial Inha- 
 bitants of Gainsborough, of whom the Vicar for the time 
 being is always to be one, GOVERNORS and TRUSTEES of 
 the School, and of the lands, hereditaments, and premises 
 belonging to it ; constituting them a Corporation, with the 
 usual privileges of such a body. 
 
 It was intended that there should be Two Masters, for 
 the Trustees are required to find " propriis oneribus" a 
 proper house for the School, and the Master and Usher. 
 
 In the year 1734, JAMES WHARTON, of Mansfield, 
 in the County of Nottingham, left by Will, to the Governors 
 and Trustees of this School, certain lands and houses in the 
 Parishes of Beckingham, and Saundby, in the same County, 
 for the purpose of teaching TWENTY-TWO poor Boys or 
 Girls of the Parish of Gainsborough, and Five of the 
 Parish of Beckingham, to read and write, and cast accompts, 
 and to buy them clothes and books, and to put out Two 
 of the former number apprentices, and also to give to the 
 Poor of Gainsborough a certain quantity of Bread ; ap- 
 portioning these bequests in such a manner, as to make 
 them amount altogether to the then rent of the property. 
 Certain provisions were inserted for the prevention of a 
 deficiency, from change of times or circumstances ; but no
 
 798 LINCOLN. [GAINSBOROUGH. 
 
 directions were given, in case of a surplus. The estate has 
 been, for many years past, much more than equal to the 
 intentions of the Donor. 
 
 The Grammar School of Gainsborough had been dis- 
 contimted for many years, until about the year 1795, when 
 the then Vicar of the Parish, The Revd. D. H. URQUHART, 
 finding considerable sums of money, arising from this and 
 other estates, left to the same Trustees, unapplied ; and 
 being of opinion that the Trustees would be justified in 
 making use of this money, as well as of the continued 
 annual surplus, for the re-establishment of The Grammar 
 School ; and having raised in aid 400. by a Tontine of 
 Forty Shares, the interest thereof to be paid out of the 
 Surplus rents of the said estates, as long as any of the 
 Subscribers shall survive, very nobly &&& fortunately caused 
 a School-house to be erected upon a piece of land of about 
 " an acre,' which had been awarded to The Trustees a 
 little time before by an Act of Parliament passed, for in- 
 closing the Parish. 
 
 The Revd. JAMES Cox, M. A., from Winchester, (now 
 D. D.). was appointed by The Trustees Master of the 
 School, with a Stipend of 30. per annum to be paid out of 
 the aforesaid rents ; but without being required to teach 
 any Free boys. In the year 1796 he took possession of the 
 house, and opened the School. 
 
 In the year 1816 the Vicar of the Town, The Revd. 
 JAMES FOTHERGILL, and some others of the Trustees be- 
 gun to feel certain scruples, that they were not acting right 
 in applying the money to these purposes, and they gave 
 the Master notice to quit the house, and petitioned the Court 
 of Chancery for directions. The business is, therefore, now 
 before that Court. 
 
 The terms of the present Master, for Board and Educa- 
 tion, are Forty guineas per annum, and for Day- Scholars 
 Eight guineas. The boys of the former description have
 
 GAINSBOROUGH.] LINCOLN. 799 
 
 never much exceeded Forty in number, and the latter have 
 been, on an average, fourteen or fifteen. 
 
 The Grammars which are used, are the ETON ; but others 
 are called in to supply the deficiencies of them, particularly 
 of the Latin. Much attention has been paid to Greek, 
 Latin, and English Composition; but it has been also 
 the object of the Master, in many successful instances, to 
 combine a scientific, or a commercial with a Classical Edu- 
 cation. 
 
 During the short re-establishment of the School many 
 young men of shining Talents have been educated in it. 
 And, perhaps, it is a circumstance not easily paralleled in 
 such a recent Institution, that in one year FOUR of the Pu- 
 pils, being all who took their Degree that year, were high 
 among the Honours at Cambridge, viz., the Second and 
 One other Wrangler, and two Senior Optimes, one of whom 
 was the Senior Medallist of the same year. 
 
 EDWARD RAINBOW, Bishop of Carlisle, received the early 
 part of his education at this School.
 
 00 LINCOLN. [GLANFORD BRIDGE. 
 
 GLANFORD BRIDGE alias BRIGG. 
 
 Sir JOHN NELTHORPE, Bart., by his Will dated the 1 1th of 
 September 1669, vested certain Estates in Trustees, for the 
 building and endowing a FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL on lands 
 purchased by him near the Town of Glanford Bridge : 
 And the present School, with suitable dwellings for a Mas- 
 ter and Usher under one roof, were erected in 16/4. 
 
 The Endowment consists of a small Farm at Fulsby, 
 and some dispersed lands in the neighbourhood of Horn- 
 castle, and others, in the Parish of Ulceby, appropriated 
 to the Usher. Out of the rents of which the School-house 
 is kept in repair, the Master and Usher receive their Sala- 
 ries, and Two poor boys are clothed, maintained, and edu- 
 cated from the Parishes of Leggesby, and Fulsby. 
 
 The rental of all these Estates amounted, until lately, 
 to 160. per annum; but upon the conclusion of some 
 leases, the Master's part now lets for 240. per annum, 
 out of which he maintains the Two poor boys, and the 
 Usher's part for 100. 
 
 The benevolent Founder directed, that the boys born 
 in the Town of Brigg, and in several other Parishes, where 
 he had estates, should be taught the Learned languages, 
 gratis, and that all other boys, " wheresoever born" 
 should be instructed in reading, writing, and arithmetic, 
 free of expense. The Trustees have, however, limited the 
 number in the School to EIGHTY. The places of these are 
 filled up, as often as vacancies occur, most honourably 
 by the Master " without demanding any Entrance money." 
 
 The present TRUSTEES are, 
 The Duke of ST. ALBAN'S. 
 Lord YARBOROUGH.
 
 LANFORD BRIDGE.] LINCOLN. 801 
 
 The Honble. CHARLES A. PELHAM. 
 Sir HENRY NELTHORPE, Bart. 
 JOHN NELTHORPE, Esq., of Ferriby. 
 JOHN NELTHORPE, Esq., of Lincoln. 
 JOHN CRACROFT, Esq., of Hackthorn. 
 EDWARD WESTON, Esq., of Somerby. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the system of 
 Education is intended to be the same as that at ETON COL- 
 LEGE. 
 
 Scholars have gone off to each University promiscuously, 
 but have neither Scholarships nor exhibitions from the 
 School. Two late Pupils will take their first Degree at 
 Cambridge next Term, and being the foremost of their year, 
 in their respective Colleges, are expected to stand high in 
 The University Honours. One of the Mathematical Pro- 
 fessors in The East India College was educated here, and he 
 is also a Fellow of St. John^s College, Cambridge. 
 
 The situation of the School-house, in a field of eight acres, 
 is pleasant, airy, and healthy, at a short distance from the 
 Town. The three last Masters held their offices ONE HUN- 
 DRED and THREE YEARS ! 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JAMES WALTER, 
 B. A., late Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 
 and Vicar of Market liaison, who was elected at Midsum- 
 mer 1787- '-This Gentlemen takes Boarders at Thirty gui- 
 neas per annum, and Four guineas for Classical education. 
 About nine years since, the Trustees agreed to let the Mas- 
 ter appoint his own Usher, stipulating only that the latter 
 should receive the full emoluments of his Office according 
 to the Will of The Founder. 
 
 The present Usher is, The Revd. THOMAS WATSON, 
 who takes Boarders at Twenty guineas per annum, the 
 English education being gratis. 
 
 By the Will of the Founder, he settles in the Trustees of the 
 School his Tythes of Market Raisen., for the maintenance of a 
 VOL. n. 3 F
 
 802 LINCOLN. [GLANFORI> BRIDGK, 
 
 Minister to preach a weekly Sermon every Lord's Day in the 
 Afternoon in the Parish Church of that Town. 
 
 To the same Trustees, he gives his Tythe Beans and Pease in 
 Barrow, for the maintenance of a Minister to presch a Sermon 
 weekly every Lord's Day in the Afternoon in the Parish Church 
 of Barrow. 
 
 To the same Trustees, he gives his Tythe Hay in Bleasby 
 in the Parish of Leggesby, for the maintenance of a Minister to 
 preach a weekly Sermon every Lord's Day in the Afternoon in 
 the Parish Church of Leggesby. 
 
 The Town of Brigg stands in Four Parishes, and had ori- 
 ginally no place of Worship under the Establishment nearer 
 than one mile and an half. In the year 1 699, Four Gentle- 
 men built and endowed a small Chapel, and vested certain 
 Estates in their own Heirs and the Trustees of the School. 
 The first Minister of this Chapel was also Master of the 
 School, his name was JAMES COOK, and his right to the 
 appointment being disputed by the then Vicar of the Parish 
 in which the Chapel stands, the matter was compromised, 
 and a Bond from the Vicar, dated the 17th of October, 1709, 
 was given, by which he binds himself and his Successors 
 never more to molest the said JAMES COOK, or his Succes- 
 sors in the School, from officiating in the Chapel. In this, 
 however, the Vicar seems to have exceeded his powers, for 
 the present Vicar enjoys and claims the Chapel Estates in 
 virtue of his Office as Vicar. 
 
 There are no precise directions in the Will, as to the per- 
 sons to be appointed. The Head Master who was appoint- 
 ed about the year 1713, was a Layman, and he continued 
 to preside over the School FORTY-FIVE years, which probab- 
 ly lost the Chapel to the Schoolmaster. 
 
 The Trustees have presented to the Preacher-ship at Bar- 
 row, worth about 200. per annum ; but the Vicars of 
 Market Raisen and Leggesby enjoy the Tythes before 
 mentioned; without any special appointment from the 
 Trustees of the School. 
 
 The Vicarage of Market Raisen is in the gift of the Crown,
 
 BRIDGE.] LINCOLN. 03 
 
 and the Parish was inclosed by Act of Parliament about 50 
 years since, without any claim being made by The Trus- 
 tees, and an Allotment of land given in lieu of all Tythes 
 without any distinction ; so that an application to the 
 Court of Chancery will be necessary to distinguish what 
 belongs to the Vicar, and what to the Preacher appointed^ 
 by The Trustees. 
 
 In order to pay the expense of the Meetings of the Trus- 
 tees, to examine the proficiency made by the Scholars, which 
 The Founder directs, shall take place twice in every year, 
 they have the rent of an estate at Gainsborough, now let 
 for \ 2. per annum. 
 
 The Market Town of Brigg lies in a narrow Valley, on 
 the river Anchholme, which is navigable 1 .9 miles up the 
 Country, and was noted for it's Eels in the time of CAMDEN, 
 A considerable Trade is carried on here in corn, coals, and 
 rabbit skins. The Valley runs North and South, and the 
 adjacent Hills are well wooded.
 
 804 
 
 LINCOLN. 
 
 [GRANTHAM. 
 
 GRANTHAM. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at GRANTHAM was founded 
 by RICHARD Fox, Bishop of Winchester, Founder of Cor- 
 pus Christi College. Oxford, one of the favourite Minis- 
 ters of HENRF the Seventh, and a native of Ropesley near 
 Grantham : 
 
 Who, by Indenture made the 2d of October, 1528, between 
 himself on the one part ; JOHN BLAYMOND, President of Corpus 
 Christi College in Oxford, and the Scholars of the same College 
 on the Second part ; ROBERT WASTELL, Alderman of the Town 
 of Grantham, and the Burgesses of the same, on the third part $ 
 and WILLIAM DISNEY, of Norton Disney, in the County of 
 Lincoln, Esquire, on the fourth part ; demised certain messu- 
 ages, lands, and tenements in the Counties of Lincoln and So- 
 merset, to the President and Scholars and their Successors, for 
 the term of Fourscore years, upon condition, that they should 
 pay 6. .IB. A. " to the Schoolmaster for the time being, and 
 actually teaching Grammar in the School-house, which the said 
 Bishop hath builded within the said Towne of Grantham, and 
 dwelling and household keeping in and upon the Mansion place 
 nigh adjoining the said School-house, which the said Bishop 
 hath likewise builded," " and sufficiently repayre, and maintain 
 the said School-house and Mansion place, during the said Four- 
 score years at their own costs, and, at the end of the said time 
 to leave the same sufficiently repayred." With power for the 
 said Aldermen and Burgesses to distrain on the Possessions in 
 Lincolnshire for the said Rent, and Reparations : 
 
 " And further the President and Scholars covenanten with 
 the said Bishop, that if for a time the said office of Schoolmas- 
 ter be voyd by death or otherwise, and that no such School- 
 master then be at any of the days of payment, that then the said
 
 GRANTHAM.] LINCOLN. 805 
 
 President and Scholars, and their Successors, shall pay unto the 
 said ROBERT WASTELL or the Alderman and Burgesses of Grant- 
 ham then being, the moiety of the said rent then due to the only 
 use of the said Alderman and Burgesses of the same Town, and 
 the other moiety to retain themselves toward the reparations of 
 the said School-house and Mansion place and other the pre- 
 mises 3" with power to distrain for it. 
 
 The Foundation of Bishop Fox was augmented, in 1553, 
 by King EDWARD the Sixth ; who, upon the Petition of The 
 Aldermen and Burgesses, by Letters Patent, granted, that 
 there should be one Grammar School in the said Town, to 
 be called " THE FREE GKAMMAR SCHOOL of King EDWARD 
 the Sixth," " for the education and instruction of Boys and 
 Youths in Latin and Greek, with one Master or Pedagogue 
 for ever to continue :" And that it might be the better sup- 
 ported, His Majesty endowed the same with the possessions 
 of the Dissolved Chantries of The Holy Trinity, and of The 
 Blessed Mary in Grantham, with certain small annual Rents 
 for the observance of Obits, and an Anniversary in the Pa- 
 rish Church of Grantham; which possessions M'ere then 
 extended to the clear yearly value of <14..3..3., reserving 
 thereout an annual Rent of I6s..8d. to be paid to the 
 Crown. 
 
 In consideration of this Grant, the Aldermen and Bur- 
 gesses, were to find " one fit, honest, skilful, and learned 
 person, and well instructed and skilled in Latin and Greek 
 Literature, and in the Free Grammar School aforesaid 
 diligently to serve, who shall have of the issues, profits, 
 and revenues arising from the said possessions, 12. 
 annually for his Salary." The Alderman and Burgesses 
 to name and appoint a Pedagogue, so often as there shall 
 be a vacancy. And, with the advice of Sir WILLIAM 
 CECIL, Knight, during his natural life, and, after his de- 
 cease, with the advice of the Bishop of the Diocese, and, 
 during the vacancy of the See, with the advice of The Mas- 
 ter of ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, in Cambridge, from time to 
 time to make Statutes and Ordinances in writing for the go-
 
 806 LINCOLN. [GRANTHAtf. 
 
 vernment of the School, and the preservation and disposition 
 of the Revenues appointed for the support of the same. 
 
 STATUTES were accordingly devised by NICHOLAS Bishop 
 of LINCOLN, and SIR WILLIAM CECIL, Secretary of State 
 to Queen ELIZABETH, and were viewed and confirmed by 
 THOMAS Bishop of LINCOLN, on the 26th of July, 1571- 
 
 By these Statutes the appointment of an Usher is authorized. 
 
 By virtue of a Decree made on the 2 1st of July, 1808, in a 
 Cause in The Court of Chancery, wherein His Majesty's ATTOR- 
 NEY GENERAL, at the relation of WILLIAM DUNHILL and THOMAS 
 SIMPSON on behalf of themselves and the rest of the Inhabitants 
 of Grantham, was Informant ; and The Right Revd. GEORGE 
 Lord Bishop of LINCOLN, The ALDERMAN and BURGESSES of 
 Grantham, The Revd. JOSEPH HALL, Clerk, The Revd. WILLIAM 
 BURRODALE, Clerk, PETER VERB and CHARLES BICKNELL (de- 
 scribed as Executors of JAMES GARNAR deceased), and ROBERT 
 TURNER, Defendants ; The Alderman and Burgesses of Grant- 
 ham, as Trustees for the Free Grammar School, recovered the 
 possession of several messuages, cottages, lands, and annual 
 rents ; and by an Order of the 8th of June, 1814, it was referred 
 to JAMES STEPHEN, Esq., One of the Masters of The Court of 
 Chancery, to consider a proposal for applying for an Act of Par- 
 liament, to authorize the sale of the numerous small and old 
 Tenements in the Town of Grantham and elsewhere, and the 
 small dispersed lots of Land in the country which composed the 
 School Estates, and that the proceeds from such sale should be 
 invested in the purchase of Real Estates of a more convenient 
 description : And the Master, by his Report dated the 6th of 
 July, 1815, approved of such proposal, which Report was 
 confirmed the 21st of August, 1815. And an Act was obtained, 
 which received the Royal Assent, on the 21st of May 1816, 
 authorizing the sale of the several messuages, lands, and heredi- 
 taments, therein specified, and then producing an annual rent of 
 7171"0. The money arising from such sale to be laid out in 
 the purchase of estates (whereof not more than one-sixth part 
 thereof shall be Copyhold), to be situate within the Counties of 
 Lincoln, Leicester, Nottingham, and Rutland, some or one of 
 them. And the lands or estates so to be purchased, to be con- 
 veyed to the Alderman and Burgesses of Grantham. It being 
 further stated, that there are no other Funds applicable to the 
 support and maintenance of the said Free Grammar School 
 than those which arise from the Estates comprised in that Act. 
 
 In consequence of this Decree, the following RULES, for 
 the Government of the School were established ; and were
 
 GBANTHAM.] LINCOLN. 807 
 
 ordered by The Corporation to be printed, on the 24th of 
 August, 1815. 
 
 1. That the estates belonging to the said charity shall be let 
 by the Alderman and Burgesses of the Town or Borough of 
 Grantham, from year to year,, at a fair improved annual value, at 
 such time or times, and in such manner as they, or the major 
 part of them, in the Alderman's Court assembled, in their dis- 
 cretion shall think proper, and that the annual rents and profits 
 of the charity estates shall be received by the said Alderman and 
 Burgesses, or by such person or persons as they, or the major 
 part of them, in such court assembled, shall from time to time 
 appoint, and that they shall allow thereout such salary or sala- 
 ries, as they in their discretion may think necessary, for collect- 
 ing and receiving the rents of the said charity estates, and for 
 managing the same estates, and also such expenses as may 
 necessarily be incurred in or towards the repairs and improve- 
 ments of the charity estates, or in or towards any buildings or 
 improvements that may be necessary for the accommodation of 
 the Master of the said Free Grammar School, or in the providing 
 suitable forms and desks for the said School if necessary, and 
 repairing and replacing the same, as occasion may require. 
 
 2. That the said Alderman and Burgesses shall allow out of 
 the said annual rents and profits of the charity estates, the salary 
 or stipend of One Hundred and Fifty pounds a year to the School- 
 master, to be paid to him by two equal half-yearly payments in 
 every year, so long as he shall pay due attention to the boys en- 
 titled to the benefit of the foundation, and in all respects dis- 
 charge the duties of his office. 
 
 3. That the said Alderman and Burgesses in the Alderman's 
 Court assembled, or the major part of them, shall, when and so 
 often as they shall think necessary, nominate and appoint an 
 Usher, and such other Under-masters or Assistants at the said 
 .School, as they may think proper ; and that they shall allow out 
 of the said annual rents and profits of the charity estates, the 
 salary or stipend of One Hundred pounds a year to the Usher of 
 the said School, and to such Under-masters or Assistants as they 
 may appoint, such respective annual salaries or stipends, as they 
 the said Alderman and Burgesses so assembled, or the major 
 part of them, shall in their discretion think meet. 
 
 4. That the Schoolmaster, as well as Usher to be from time to 
 time appointed by the said Alderman and Burgesses, shall be a 
 Clergyman of the Church of England, of the degree of Bachelor 
 of Arts at least, in either of the Universities of Oxford or Cam- 
 bridge, and the best qualified in respect of morals, learning, and 
 discretion, to fill and occupy such place of Schoolmaster and 
 Usher respectively.
 
 808 LINCOLN. [GRANTHMA. 
 
 5. That the surplus of the annual rents and profits of the said 
 estates, if any, which shall remain over and above the different 
 payments, charges, expenses, matters, and things herein-before 
 directed and authorized to be made and done, and over and above 
 such costs as have been or shall be directed by this honourable 
 court, to be paid by or allowed to the said Alderman and Bur- 
 gesses, out of the said charity estates, for or by reason or on ac- 
 count of this or any other cause, petition, order, or matter, 
 relating to the said Free Grammar School, or the estates, funds, 
 or revenues thereof ; and all reasonable costs, charges, and 
 expenses incident to the appointment or removal of any School- 
 master, Usher, Under-master, or Assistant, or any proceedings 
 to effect the same, and all other necessary or proper expenses in 
 the administration of the said charity, shall be by the said de- 
 fendants, the Alderman and Burgesses, in the Alderman's court 
 assembled, or the major part of them, applied and appropriated 
 towards the founding, creating, and maintaining of one or more 
 Exhibition or Exhibitions, in either of the said Universities of 
 Oxford and Cambridge, as the Alderman and Burgesses so 
 assembled, or the major part of them, with the advice and con- 
 currence of the Bishop of Lincoln, for the time being, shall 
 think fit, for such Scholars as shall have been educated in the 
 said Free Grammar School, of the description hereinafter men- 
 tioned 5 and that the election and choice of the Exhibitioners, as 
 often as there shall be a vacancy, or as often as a new Exhibition 
 shall be created, shall be in the said Alderman and Burgesses, 
 assembled as aforesaid, or the major part of them ; and that 
 every such election shall be had as follows, (to wit,) first of 
 such Scholars as have been educated upon the Foundation of the 
 said School, unless all the candidates of that description shall be 
 found by the said Alderman and Burgesses not to be meet and 
 apt for the same, and for default of such, then of such other 
 Scholars as have been or shall be educated at the said School ; 
 but that no person shall be eligible to such Exhibition, unless he 
 shall have duly attended, and been educated at the said School, 
 for the space of two years immediately preceding his going to 
 any College in either of the said Universities, and shall have 
 obtained from the Schoolmaster a certificate of such attendance 
 under his hand, also certifying thereby that such Scholar so 
 offering himself a candidate for such Exhibition is duly qualified 
 in respect to learning, and of good morals and behaviour, and 
 that the annual amount of each Exhibition shall be fixed at the 
 discretion of the said Alderman and Burgesses assembled as 
 aforesaid, or the major part of them, with the advice and con- 
 currence of the Bishop of Lincoln for the time being, so the 
 same do not exceed the sum of fifty pounds, nor be less than the
 
 GRANTHAM.] LINCOLN. 80* 
 
 sum of thirty pounds, and that no exhibitioner shall hold or 
 continue his exhibition longer than four years, or more than six 
 calendar months after he may have taken the degree of Bachelor 
 of Arts. 
 
 6. That the Schoolmaster shall with all diligence and care 
 endeavour to instruct his Scholars in the principles of religion 
 and virtue, and in decent and proper behaviour, as well as in 
 classical and other learning, to the best of his power and know- 
 ledge, and that the Usher or any Under-Masters or Assistants to 
 be appointed by the said Alderman and Burgesses shall from 
 tune to time be under the direction and controul of the School- 
 master in the ways and methods of teaching, instructing, and 
 ordering of all such children and youths as shall be from time to 
 time put under the care, instruction, and management of the 
 said Usher, or the said Under-Masters or Assistants for the time 
 being. 
 
 7. That every school- day in summer (that is to say) from 
 Lady-day until Michaelmas-day, the Schoolmaster, Usher, 
 Under-Masters, and Assistants shall be at the School by seven 
 o'clock in the morning, and continue in teaching without any 
 unnecessary intermission until nine o'clock, and after breakfast 
 shall return by ten and continue till twelve, and after dinner shall 
 return by two o'clock and likewise teach without any unneces- 
 sary intermission until five o'clock in the afternoon, and from 
 Michaelmas-day until Lady-day shall be at School by half past 
 eight o'clock in the morning, and continue in teaching until 
 twelve o'clock, and in the afternoon as is aforesaid. 
 
 8. That appropriate prayers shall be daily said at first coming 
 into School, by one of the Scholars, to be appointed by the 
 Schoolmaster, he himself being present. 
 
 9. That the Schoolmaster shall not intermit or break up his 
 office of teaching at any time in the year, but for four weeks 
 commencing at the eve of Saint Thomas the Apostle, and for 
 four other weeks commencing on the twenty-first day of June, 
 except on account of great infections or epidemical sickness, 
 wherein he shall be ruled and ordered by the advice and direc- 
 tion of the said Alderman and Burgesses assembled as aforesaid, 
 or the major part of them, and that the Schoolmaster shall also 
 allow half a holiday every Thursday and Saturday afternoon 
 throughout the year, and no boy shall absent himself from 
 School at any other time or times without the licence of the 
 Schoolmaster. 
 
 10. That all boys sent to the said School of the age of eight 
 years and upwards, whose parents or parent (if one be dead) 
 guardian or guardians reside in the town or borough of Grantham 
 aforesaid, or within one mile of the same, shall be admitted by
 
 810 LINCOLN. GRAXTHAM. 
 
 the said Schoolmaster, and be taught and instructed gratis, and 
 without any fee or reward whatsoever, in Greek, Latin, English, 
 Writing, Mathematics, and Arithmetic, and that no entrance- 
 money or other gratuity from the boys entitled to the benefit of 
 the foundation, or from their parents or guardians, or others on 
 their or any of their behalves, shall be taken by the School- 
 master, Usher, Under-Master, and Assistants, or any of them, on 
 any pretence whatever. 
 
 11. That the said Schoolmaster shall write, or cause to be 
 written, in a register-book, the name and age of every Scholar 
 so by him admitted, noting also the day and the month of his 
 admission, and the time of his leaving School, to the intent that 
 the continuance of the Scholars may appear, and also their pro- 
 ficiency in learning according to their time, and that such book 
 shall from time to time, and at all times when required, be pro- 
 duced to the Bishop of Lincoln or to the Alderman of the said 
 town or borough for the time being, or to such person or persons 
 as the said Bishop or as the said Alderman and Burgesses 
 assembled as aforesaid, or the major part of them, shall appoint. 
 
 12. That if any boy be found unduly and needlessly absent 
 (that is to say) without just, cause of sickness or other impedi- 
 ment, to be allowed by the Schoolmaster, three times severally 
 in one year when the School is open, he shall be utterly expelled, 
 and admitted no more. 
 
 13. That each and every boy shall appear at the School clean 
 and decently clothed, and that the Schoolmaster shall not admit 
 or continue any child having any infectious disease, or of natural 
 filthiness, neither shall he suffer any to continue in the School 
 of evil dispositions or lewd conversation, who after reasonable 
 correction shall not be reformed. 
 
 14. That books, pens, ink, paper, slates, fire and candles, be 
 provided for each boy by or at the expense of his parents or 
 guardians. 
 
 15. That the Schoolmaster, Usher, Under-Master, and Assist- 
 ants shall be from time to time appointed by the said Alderman 
 and Burgesses in the Alderman's court assembled, or the major 
 part of them, by their good discretion, and by none other. 
 
 16. That when and as often as in the judgment of the said 
 Alderman and Burgesses for the time being, in the Alderman's 
 court assembled, or the major part of them, it shall be thought 
 proper and necessary to remove or discharge the Schoolmaster 
 for the time being, by reason of immorality, neglect of duty, 
 incapacity, or other reasonable cause, then the said Alderman 
 and Burgesses so assembled, or. the major part of them, shall 
 direct a complaint in writing, to be exhibited in the name of the 
 Alderman or one of the Burgesses to the Lord Bishop of Lincoln
 
 GRANTHAM.] LINCOLN. 811 
 
 for the time being, who shall, within two calendar months after 
 receiving such complaint, give notice as well to the complainant 
 as to the Schoolmaster against, whom such complaint shall be 
 made, to appear before him within a time to be named in such 
 notice, not more than twenty-one days nor less than fourteen 
 days from the service thereof, either at the Alderman's court, or 
 at such other place as to him shall seem more expedient, and 
 shall by public investigation proceed at such time and place to 
 enquire into the truth of the complaint, and the said Lord Bishop 
 shall immediately after such enquiry by him made, summarily 
 decide upon the matter, and decree avoidance of the office and 
 place of Schoolmaster or otherwise, as to him shall seem meet, 
 and if the said Lord Bishop shall decree avoidance of the said 
 office he shall thereupon cause notice thereof to be forthwith sent 
 to the Alderman for the time being of the said town or borough', 
 and the said Alderman and Burgesses in the Alderman's court 
 assembled, or the major part of them, shall within two calendar 
 months after the said notification, proceed to the election of a 
 new Schoolmaster to fill up such vacancy : provided, that it shall 
 and may be lawful for the said Alderman and Burgesses in the 
 Alderman's court assembled, or the major part of them, or for 
 the Lord Bishop of Lincoln or his successors, on the complaint 
 or at the request of the Schoolmaster for the time being, or for 
 the said Alderman and Burgesses assembled as aforesaid, or the 
 major part of them, and the said Lord Bishop and his successors, 
 jointly, without the complaint or request of the said School- 
 master, to displace, remove, or discharge the Usher or any or 
 either of the said Under-Masters or Assistants, on account of 
 immorality, neglect of duty, incapacity, or other reasonable 
 cause, and all reasonable costs, charges, travelling and other 
 expenses of the said Lord Bishop, in respect of the matters 
 aforesaid shall be paid and allowed out of the estates or funds 
 belonging to the said charity, and the said Lord Bishop shall 
 have authority at his discretion to award the costs, charges, 
 travelling and other expenses of the said Alderman and Bur- 
 gesses, and of the said Schoolmaster or Usher, or any or either 
 of the said Under-Masters or Assistants, on any such proceeding 
 at which the said Lord Bishop shall be present, to be in like 
 manner paid and allowed out of the estates or funds belonging 
 to the said charity, and wtere in case of the Usher or any Under- 
 Master or Assistant, the said Lord Bishop shall not be present 
 at the proceeding, the said Alderman and Burgesses shall have 
 authority at their discretion to award the costs, charges, and 
 expenses of the parties, or any of them, to be paid and allowed 
 out of the estates and funds belonging to the said charity. 
 17. That the said Alderman and Burgesses shall once in every
 
 819 LINCOLN. [GRANO-HASI. 
 
 year, between the first day of May and first day of November, 
 make or cause to be made out, an account in writing of all sums 
 received and paid for and on account of the said charity up to 
 the fifth day of April preceding the time of making out such 
 account, and shall within the time aforesaid send such account 
 to the Bishop of Lincoln for the time being, who may require 
 the vouchers to verify the truth and accuracy of the same to be 
 laid before him whenever he may think proper. 
 
 The Lord CHANCELLOR is the VISITOR. 
 
 The School, which is a spacious, handsome stone build- 
 ing, 7- r > feet by 30, together with a commodious House and 
 Offices for the Master, on the North side of the Church- 
 yard, were erected by Bishop Fox. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are in use. 
 
 In 1763, Dr. NEWCOME founded TWO EXHIBITIONS " for 
 the support of two Scholars, who come properly qualified in 
 Morals and Learning from the Grammar School of GRANT- 
 HAM, if any such shall be admitted of ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, 
 Cambridge, from that School, if not, from some other School 
 in Lincolnshire ; each to receive 20. per annum, so long 
 as they shall reside Nine months in the year and behave 
 well, 'till they proceed Masters of Arts and no longer, or 
 become Fellows of the said College." If on a vacancy, there 
 are more Candidates than one, it is left to the Master and 
 Seniors of the College to elect which of them they think the 
 most proper and deserving. These Exhibitions are tenable 
 for Four years. 
 
 The Revd. THOMAS LOVETT, of Nottingham, by Will 
 founded in SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE, Cambridge, TWO 
 EXHIBITIONS of the annual value of 40. each: and he 
 directed, " (hat no Scholar or Person whatever shall be 
 entitled to such Exhibitions, except the Son of a Clergyman 
 of the Established Church of England and whose Father, if 
 living, shall then be, or if dead, shall have been in Priest's 
 Orders, and duly qualified for such Orders by having taken 
 a regular Degree in The University of Oxford or Cam- 
 bridge ; and unless such Scholar or Person shall be intended
 
 GRANTHAM.] LINCOLN. 813 
 
 to go into Holy Orders, and shall by himself and his friends, 
 previously promise and engage, that he will enter into 
 Deacon's Orders, at or before such time as he shall attain to 
 the age of Twenty-three years."" 
 
 Mr. LOVETT further directed, " that a preference and a 
 priority, to the nomination and appointment to such Exhibi- 
 tions and each of them, shall at all times be given, to a 
 person or scholar duly qualified according to the true intent 
 and meaning of his Will, who hath been educated, taught, 
 and instructed in The Free Grammar School of Grantham, 
 in preference, or The Free Grammar School of Oakham, in 
 case of the former failing to fill the vacancy, for the space of 
 Three years at least." These Exhibitions are tenable for 
 Seven years. 
 
 The annual amount of Rents belonging to this School 
 being now at least 800., it seemed good to the Trus- 
 tees, by the kind advice of The Bishop of LINCOLN, that 
 whatever surplus remained, after the deduction of Salaries 
 to the different Masters and other small incidental expenses 
 as stated in the Statutes, should be applied in the founding 
 EXHIBITIONS. The surplus therefore about 300. per 
 annum is accumulating for that use, to be, when needed, 
 distributed in Exhibitions of from 30. to 50. per annum; 
 tenable by youth, who have been two years educated in the 
 said School, for Jour years, at any College in Oxford or 
 Cambridge. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. ROBERT GORDON 
 ANDREWS, A. M., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 
 whose Salary is 1 50. per annum. This Gentleman takes 
 Boarders into his house, at Forty guineas per annum ; which 
 sum includes chiefly the Instruction preparatory for the 
 Universities, and the higher branches of Commercial life. 
 
 The present Under-Master is, The Revd. THOMAS HENRY 
 HOLGATE, A. M., whose Salary is 100. per annum. He 
 does not take Boarders. He has no house.
 
 814 LINCOLN. ' [GBANTHAM. 
 
 There is a Writing Master, who, when requisite, instructs 
 in English Grammar, writing, and arithmetic : his Salary is 
 J5. per annum. 
 
 There are about Twelve Free Scholars, and, Nine 
 Boarders only, at present, the School having been much 
 neglected, previous to the appointment of the present Head 
 Master, in 1816. 
 
 The following is the Succession of HEAD MASTERS : 
 
 In , HUGH WILKINSON, M. A. 
 
 1543, MATTHEW MAPEELEY. 
 1646, JOHN BLOWER, M. A. 
 
 1648, Mr. BIEKET, B. A. 
 
 1649, HENRY STOKES. 
 1663, THOMAS SYSTON. 
 
 1671, WILLIAM WALKER, B. D., Author of the Book 
 
 of Particles. 
 
 1684, SAMUEL BURNET. 
 1702, JOHN TROUGHTON, M. A. 
 1713, JEREMIAH ELLIS, M.A. 
 1729, FRANCIS BACON. 
 1768, The Revd. JOSEPH HALL. 
 1816, The Revd. R. G. ANDREWS, A. M., Fellow of 
 
 Corpus Christi College, Oxford. 
 
 There is no Church Preferment attached to this School. 
 Among the eminent Men, who have been educated at this 
 School, may be enumerated, 
 
 Sir WILLIAM CECIL, the Illustrious Statesman. 
 
 Dr. HENRY MORE. 
 
 Sir ISAAC NEWTON. 
 
 Dr. NEWCOME. 
 
 COLLEY GIBBER, Poet Laureate.
 
 GRIMSBY.] LINCOLN. 815- 
 
 GRIMSBY. 
 
 THE '^FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at GRIMSBY was founded 
 by Letters Patent, dated the 12th of July, in the first year 
 of the reign of King EDWARD the Sixth, 1547, and en- 
 dowed with an Estate at Great Grimsby, called " The 
 Chantry Farm" then worth 40.. 5.. 6. per annum., but at 
 present about 150. It is now the property of GEORGE 
 TENNYSON, Esq. 
 
 A subsequent benefaction of 7- per annum was made 
 By Mrs. ACHAM, payable out of some landed property in 
 the Parishes of Goldsby and Asterby. 
 
 The Corporation, who are the Trustees, annually appoint 
 Six Gentlemen from their own Body as a COMMITTEE, over 
 which the Mayor for the time being presides. These ma- 
 nage the whole concerns of the Establishment. 
 
 This School is open to 70 boys, the sons of Freemen. 
 They are admitted when they can read the New Testament 
 with tolerable accuracy, and may remain as long as they 
 please. About 10 other Scholars attend. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and there is no pre- 
 scribed system of Education. 
 
 There are no University advantages belonging to this 
 School. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. GEORGE OLI- 
 VER, whose Salary and Emoluments are about 200. per 
 annum. 
 
 Neither the Head, nor the Second, Master takes Pupils.
 
 816 LINCOLN. 
 
 HOLBEACH. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL of HOLBEACH was founded by GEORGE 
 FAKMER, of the Parish of St. Andrew Holborn, in the 
 County of Middlesex, Esq., and was afterwards respec- 
 tively benefited and increased by JOHN WARSDALE, of Hoi- 
 beach, and WILLIAM DUNCOMBE, of Battlesden, in the 
 County of Bedford, Esq. The annual amount of the En- 
 dowment, consisting of lands and tenements in Holbeach, 
 in 1814, was 133. 
 
 The Trustees or Feoffees are, from time to time, to elect 
 and choose (with the approbation of The Founder) a pru- 
 dent and discreet person, who shall be Master or Bachelor 
 of Arts, to teach and instruct the Children of Holbeach, 
 " without any Salary, recompence, or other reward what- 
 soever, to be exacted from or demanded of the Parents, or 
 other Relations or Friends of such Children as shall be so 
 instructed and taught, and to receive the rents, issues and 
 profits of the said estates and premises, and pay the 
 same to such Schoolmaster." 
 
 The Revd. WILLIAM STUKELEY, M. D., the eminent 
 Antiquary, was educated here. 
 
 No answer has been received to the Author's Letter.
 
 HORXCASTLE.] LINCOLN. 
 
 HORNCASTLE. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at HORNCASTLE was founded 
 by EDWARD Lord CLYNTON and SAYE, Lord High Admi- 
 ral of England, by Letters Patent, dated the 25th of Janu- 
 ary, 1571, for the education and instruction of Children and 
 Youth in the Town and Neighbourhood, to be called 
 " THE FBEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL of Queen ELIZABETH in 
 the Ville or Soke of HORNCASTLE," and to consist of one 
 Master, and one Usher: 
 
 That TEN discreet and honest men, therein named, should 
 be the Governors of it's Possessions, and be a Body Corpo- 
 rate, with perpetual Succession, might plead and be im- 
 pleaded, and have a Common Seal : 
 
 They were also empowered to nominate the Master and 
 Usher, upon any vacancy, to make good and wholesome 
 Statutes for the government of the School, and might ac- 
 quire lands and other possessions, to be holden in capite, 
 provided they do not exceed the clear yearly value of '40. 
 
 The Endowment consists of Houses and Land, situate in 
 the Parishes of Horncastle, Hemingby, Sutton, Huttoft,and 
 Winthorpe in the Marsh. 
 
 The annual Income is precarious, arising from the pecu- 
 liar circumstances of the property, part of the land being 
 subject to inundation from the Sea, and another part of 
 the endowment being old houses, wanting much repair. The 
 Goveniors are at present re-building some, and will have to 
 borrow money to complete them. 
 
 The Receipts, 1817, were 199..5..0. This year (1818) 
 the greater part of the land has been subject to a Drainage 
 Tax of very nearly half the amount of the rent. 
 
 There are no STATUTES. 
 
 WHITTAKER'S Latin Grammar is used. 
 
 VOL. i. 3 G
 
 818 LINCOLN. [HORNCASTLE. 
 
 The present Master is, The Revd. CHARLES L'OsTE, 
 whose Salary is 40. per annum. He does not take 
 Boarders. 
 
 The Salary of the Second Master is <30. 
 
 A payment of l..lO..O. per annum is made by those 
 Scholars, who are instructed in writing and arithmetic. 
 
 The Treasurer, for the year 1818, is, J.FAWSSETT, M.D.
 
 LACEBY.] LINCOLN. 819 
 
 LACEBY, near GRIMSBY. 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL at LACEBY was founded in pursuance 
 of the Will of PHILLIP STAMFORD, of Laceby, Gentleman, 
 dated the 27th of June, 1712, and by Indenture made the 
 llth of October, 1720, between SARAH STAMFORD, his 
 Widow and sole Executrix, of the one part, and LAWRENCE 
 CARTER, of the New Works near the Borough of Leices- 
 ter, Esq., WILLIAM HARNESS, of Laceby, Gentleman, and 
 ELEVEN other Gentlemen, in the County of Lincoln, of the 
 other part, 
 
 Whereby certain lands and premises were assigned to them 
 as Trustees, out of the rents and profits of which a School-house 
 was to be erected, and the Master to have an annual Stipend of 
 12., together with a house, garden, and offices, free of rent, 
 repairs, and taxes, and a Chaldron of Coals. 
 
 The Master to be chosen, and displaced by The Trustees for 
 any misbehaviour without being accountable or answerable for 
 the same : 
 
 The Master to be " a fitt person," who shall teach the Chil- 
 dren of the poor Inhabitants of Laceby, Bradley, and Barnoldby- 
 le-Beck, indefinitely, as well boys or girls as shall be sent to the 
 School, to read, write, and cast accompts, gratis, whose Parents 
 shall not be able to pay for the same : 
 
 They are admitted when they can read the Psalter, and 
 may remain as long as their Parents please. The number 
 usually educated is about 25. They are nominated by The 
 Trustees. 
 
 The Residue of the Rents is to be disposed of in the repairs of 
 the School, " and for the use and benefit of all the Schollars 
 which shall be sent to the said School, either in buying Books 
 or placeing them out to some honest Trade," as the major part of 
 The Trustees shall direct : 
 
 That when the Trustees shall be reduced by death to Seven 
 only, then the Survivors or the major part of them, shall elect 
 Six persons in the room of the deceased, who are to be land 
 owners or inhabitants of Laceby, Bradley, Barnoldby, and Brigs- 
 ley :
 
 820 LINCOLN. [ 
 
 No lease of any part of the premises is to be granted for a 
 longer term than Twenty-one years. 
 
 The present Rental is 150. per annum. 
 
 About six years since an increase of Salary was made by 
 The Trustees, in consideration of the rent of the Farm y 
 with which the School is supported, being augmented to 
 18. per annum, to which also were added Eight acres of 
 meadow land, situate in the Parish of Laceby. The present 
 amount, therefore, of the Master's Stipend is, including the 
 rent of these eight acres, 50. a year. 
 
 The present Master is, The Rev. GEORGE SPROSTON, 
 who takes private Pupils. 
 
 The benevolent Founder also directed, that " a discreet 
 Woman" should be appointed by the Trustees, to teach the 
 poor boys and girls of the respective Parishes, " in her own 
 Dwelling-house in Laceby," previous to their being placed 
 at the School to be further taught, and to be allowed 4. , 
 now increased to 6. per annum, and a Chaldron of Coals*
 
 LINCOLN.J LINCOLN. 821 
 
 LINCOLN. 
 
 THERE was formerly a GRAMMAR SCHOOL in The Close at 
 Lincoln, under the control of The Dean and Chapter, with 
 a Stipend of 3.. 15. .2, now payable out of the land Reve- 
 nues of the Crown, And another in the City, under the 
 management of The Corporation. In 1583, these Schools 
 were united. 
 
 The Master is elected, and partly paid by The Dean 
 and Chapter : The Usher is elected, and paid by The Cor- 
 poration, who also pay the Master in part, and repair the 
 School-house. 
 
 The Master " declines sending- any Communication on the 
 subject."" 
 
 DANIEL WATERLAND, a learned Divine, and able assertor 
 of the Doctrine of the Trinity, was educated here. As was 
 also, the Author's much respected Friend SAMUEL PAR- 
 TRIDGE, M. A., the late worthy Vicar of Boston, for THIRTY- 
 TWO YBARS.
 
 822 
 
 LINCOLN. 
 
 [LOUTH. 
 
 LOUTH. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in LOUTH was founded by 
 King EDWARD the Sixth, by his Letters Patent, dated the 
 21st of September, in the Fifth year of his reign, 1552 ; 
 
 The Preamble of which expresses, that " whereas We have 
 always coveted, with a most exceeding, vehement, and ardent 
 desire, that good Literature and Discipline might be diffused and 
 propagated, through all the parts of our Kingdom, as wherein 
 the best government and administration of affairs consists ; and, 
 therefore, with no small earnestness, have We been intent on 
 the liberal institution of Youth, that it may be brought up to 
 Science, in places of our Kingdom, most proper and suitable for 
 such functions ; it being, as it were, the Foundation and growth 
 of our Commonwealth, and having certain and unquestionable 
 knowledge that our Town of Louth, in our County of Lincoln, 
 is a place most proper and fit for the teaching and instructing of 
 children and youth, in regard it is very populous and stocked 
 with youth, and, heretofore, a great concourse of children and 
 youth have flocked thither, from the adjacent Towns, to acquire 
 learning :" His Majesty, therefore, at the humble Petition of
 
 LOCTH.] LINCOLN. 823 
 
 RICHARD GOODERICK, Esq., Attorney of the Court of Augment- 
 ations and Revenues of the Crown, and of the Inhabitants of 
 Louth, for the erecting and establishing of a Grammar School 
 there, for the institution of boys and youth, granted and ordained 
 that, " hereafter, there may and shall be one Grammar School, 
 in the said Town of Louth, which shall be called " THE FREE 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL of King EDWARD the Sixth," for the educa- 
 tion, institution, and instruction of boys and youth, in the 
 Grammar, to endure for ever," to consist of one Master and one 
 Usher : 
 
 That the said Town of Louth be Corporate of ONE WARDEN 
 of THE TOWN of LOUTH and FREE SCHOOL in the same, and of 
 Six ASSISTANTS, inhabiting in the said Town for ever. That 
 the Warden and those Six Assistants may and ought to be one 
 Body Incorporate and Politick, and one perpetual Community, 
 in deed and in name ; to have perpetual succession ; and be 
 persons able and capable, in Law, by the name of " WARDEN 
 and Six ASSISTANTS of THE TOWN of LOUTH and FREE SCHOOL 
 of King EDWARD the Sixth, in Louth," to purchase, possess, 
 and hold lands, and tenements, to them and their Successors 
 forever: 
 
 And that one more fit person of those, inhabiting the town 
 aforesaid, may be set over and chosen to be Warden of the Town 
 and Free School aforesaid, for one whole year, by them the Six 
 Assistants, inhabitants of the same town, in every year, at the 
 Feast of Pentecost, in the Common Hall of Louth, called " The 
 Guild-Hall-:' 
 
 That they may plead and be impleaded : And may have a 
 Common Seal, to serve for the transacting the business of the 
 School .and their lands and possessions : 
 
 That the Warden and Six Assistants, and their Successors 
 may have ability and power to make Statutes and Ordinances, 
 in writing, concerning the direction of the Master, and Usher, 
 and Scholars of the School, and to exhibit those Statutes, so 
 reduced to writing, to the Bishop of that Diocese, and the same 
 being signed by the aforesaid Bishop, " with his own hand," 
 shall be inviolably observed for ever : 
 
 LAURENCE ERESBY, Gentleman, then an Inhabitant of the 
 Town of Louth, to be the first Warden of the same Town and 
 Free School, for one year, and that, afterwards, he shall be and 
 continue, during his life (if he shall so long dwell in the said Town) 
 one of the Six Assistants : That of the then Inhabitants of the 
 said Town, JOHN BRADLEY, Merchant of the Staple of the 
 Town of Calais, JOHN CHAPMAN, Gentleman, WALTER Fiss- 
 WICKE, GILBERT BLANCHARD, WILLIAM BAILIFFE, and AR- 
 THUR GREY, Mercer, be the Six Assistants : And that hereafter
 
 824 LINCOLN. [LotTH. 
 
 one more fit person of the aforesaid Six Assistants, as often as 
 there shall be a vacancy of a Warden, " shall, by the said War- 
 den, and Six Assistants, for the time being, be chosen and made 
 to preside, as Warden of the said Town and School, for the 
 benefit and good rule of the same for one year :" 
 
 That in case of the death of any of the Assistants, the Warden 
 and surviving Assistants are to meet at the Guild- Hall, " and 
 there, within Twenty days next after the death of any such As- 
 sistant, to chuse another of the Inhabitants of the said Town, in 
 the place of him so dying, and they shall have power and may 
 compel him, so chosen, by oath or otherwise to execute those 
 things, which, on that occasion, belong to him to execute 
 for the good Rule and Profit of the said Town and School :" 
 
 For the maintenance and continuance of the said School, His 
 Majesty gave and granted to the Warden and Six Assistants 
 divers messuages, cottages, and upwards of Three Hundred and 
 Sixty acres of Land, in Louth, North Somercotes, South Somer- 
 cotes, Thedlethorpe, Anderby, Winthorpe, Ludborough, Skid- 
 broke, and Grainthorpe : together with avoid piece of land, 
 called " The Quarry ," for the Beast Market, at the time of 
 Fairs, there holden in Louth, being late parcel of the posses- 
 sions of the Bishoprick of Lincoln ; with all the rents and 
 profits of the said lands, and of the several Fairs, and Markets, 
 and with liberty to keep a Court of Pie-Powder, during the said 
 Fairs ; the whole then extending to the clear yearly value of 
 .40. ; to be holden in free soccage,, by fealty only, and not in 
 chief : 
 
 The Master to have, out of the issues and revenues so grant- 
 ed, ,20. yearly for his Salary, to be paid Quarterly by equal 
 portions : And the Under-Master to have 10. yearly for his 
 Salary, to be paid in like manner : 
 
 That, " as often as the said offices of Master and Usher, 
 or either of them, shall be vacant, by death, resignation, or 
 otherwise, then, within one month next ensuing such vacancy, 
 the Warden and Six Assistants shall name and present to the 
 Bishop of Lincoln, for the time being, another fit and learned 
 person, and them or him, by them, as aforesaid, so named and 
 admitted by the said Bishop, shall be admitted to the execution 
 of the office of Master and Usher for the term of life :" 
 
 " And We will as often as the Master, or Usher, or either of 
 them, by reason of a criminal and infamous life, or igno- 
 rance and insufficiency to teach, or any other notorious defect, 
 or delinquency, done against the Statutes and Ordinances of 
 the said School, shall, by the Warden and Assistants, be thought 
 fit to be deprived of the said offices and they shall complain 
 thereof to he Bishop of Lincoln, and he shall interpose his
 
 LOUTH.] LINCOLN. 825 
 
 censure, so as also there shall seem to him sufficient and just 
 causes of privation. We will that such Master or Usher, be 
 deprived of their office or offices, and another chosen and put 
 into the place of him so deprived." 
 
 His Majesty also ordained, that the Warden and Six Assist- 
 ants shall maintain, out of the revenues of the lands and pre- 
 mises, TWELVE POOR PERSONS, in like manner as they were 
 heretofore maintained, " by the late Guild of St. Mary, and the 
 Guild of The Holy Trinity, in the same Town, now dissolved 
 and being in our hands ; and, after the death of any such poor 
 person, that .another shall be put in the place of the deceased, 
 within one month after his death, so as there shall be, always, 
 Twelve Poor in number :" 
 
 The King likewise empowered the Warden and Six Assistants 
 to convert the Church or Temple of The Holy Virgin, common- 
 ly called " Saint Mary's Church," near the Town, and then 
 occupied for a School, to the use of a School, at their pleasure, 
 and for a House for the children and youth to be taught and 
 instituted in for ever : 
 
 And that they may acquire and purchase any manors, lands, and 
 possessions, of the clear yearly value of .4*40., over and above all 
 charges and reprizes, any Statute of mortmain, or any other 
 Statute, notwithstanding. 
 
 The present amount of the Endowment is nearly '600. 
 per annum, distributable as heretofore, viz., One Half to 
 the Master, one Fourth to the Usher, and the other Fourth 
 to the twelve Poor Persons, for the time being. 
 
 This mode of distribution appears to have been intended 
 by the Charter, and is also in strict conformity to a Decree, 
 made on the 25th of January, in the First year of Queen 
 ANNE, 1702, under a Commission of Charitable uses, 
 issued for the correction of certain irregularities and misap- 
 plications in the Trust : by which Decree it was., among 
 other things, " adjudged and ordered, that the Revenues 
 of the Foundation should, thereafter, from time to time, be 
 applied in the proportions above mentioned."" 
 
 On the 12th of November, 1796, the following STATUTES 
 and ORDINANCES, for the government and direction of the 
 School, were made by THE WARDEN and Six ASSISTANTS,
 
 826 LINCOLN. [Lourn. 
 
 and approved and subscribed by The Bishop of LINCOLN 
 on the 5th of January, 1797 : 
 
 First, That all the boys who shall be sent to the said School, 
 shall be placed under the Master or Usher as their Parents shall 
 think fit. 
 
 2nd. That as this School was intended by the Founder for the 
 advancement of Classical Literature, no Boys dwelling in Louth 
 shall be admitted into it, 'till they can read well, and that pre- 
 vious to their admission the Parent or Parents shall give assur- 
 ance to the Warden or Deputy, that they will keep them regularly 
 to School. 
 
 3rd. That the Master and Usher be at the School daily in the 
 Morning at the hour of seven from the first day of March to the 
 first day of November : and at the hour of eight the remainder 
 of the year ; and there continue without intermission teaching 
 'till one (save only an intermediate time of one hour for break- 
 fasting and recreation, to be fixed upon by the Master) ; and in 
 the afternoon to return at three and to continue teaching till 
 five during the first mentioned period ; but from November the 
 first to March the first, to return to School in the afternoon at 
 half past two, and to regulate their continuance there by the 
 length of the days (save only the whole afternoon on Saturdays); 
 any neglect in the Attendance as above, to be submitted to the 
 consideration of the Corporation. 
 
 4th. That Morning and Evening Prayers out of the Common 
 Prayer Book, or others, as the Master shall think fit, shall every 
 School day precede and terminate the business of the day j the 
 former to be -read by the Master, and the latter by the Usher. 
 
 5th. That the Master may give license for the Scholars to 
 play one afternoon in a Week, provided there be no red-letter 
 day in that Week, and no oftener without the consent of the 
 Warden or his Deputy. 
 
 6th. That no holidays for the future be allowed at Easter or 
 Whitsuntide, or what are commonly called The Ringing days, 
 (except the King's birth-day), or on the Fair days, and that the 
 offices of teaching shall not be interrupted or omitted, save only 
 at and for the times of Christmas and Midsummer for five weeks 
 respectively, to begin on such day as the Master shall order and 
 direct. 
 
 7th. That if a red letter day turn out rainy, &c., the Boys 
 shall go to School and have the holiday on some fine day, to 
 be determined and fixed on by the Master. 
 
 8th. That the Master and Usher with all their Scholars shall 
 attend Divine Service in the Church on holidays in the Pew
 
 LOUTH.] LINCOLN. 827 
 
 appointed for them, and there observe the behaviour of the said 
 Scholars. 
 
 9th. That, as for the prosperity of the School, it is requisite 
 that hannony should subsist between the Master and Usher, it 
 is directed, that the Master conduct himself with liberality, &c., 
 towards the Usher, and that the Usher conduct himself orderly 
 and respectfully towards the Master, and that neither of them 
 attempt to alienate from the other the affection or good opinion 
 of the Scholars or" their Parents. 
 
 10th. That the Master shall have the direction of the method 
 of teaching throughout the whole School, and the Books that 
 shall be used therein, and shall also have the power from tune to 
 time to examine the Scholars in the Lower School. 
 
 llth. If the Master shall observe any cruelty or more than 
 ordinary severity in the behaviour of the Usher towards any of 
 the Scholars in his department, he shall inquire into the cause ; 
 if it appears to him unreasonable, he is required to admonish 
 the Usher. And in case he neglects such admonition, and con- 
 tinues in his fault, the Master is hereby required to state the 
 case to The Warden and Assistants, who shall make such order 
 therein as to them shall seem just. And The Warden and As- 
 sistants shall also attend to every complaint made by the Usher 
 against the Master, for the like cruelty or severity. 
 
 12th. That all books belonging to the said School shall be 
 under the care of the Master, to be used by himself, the Usher, 
 and such of the Scholars as he shall think proper. 
 
 13th. That the Scholars on a holiday be called over every 
 two hours by the Master, or in his absence by the Usher. 
 
 14th. That the Scholars be examined twice a year by some Gen- 
 tleman appointed by The Warden and Assistants, who is to make 
 a report of the progress they have made in Classical literature, 
 that the Master, Usher, and Scholars may have due commenda- 
 tion or censure. 
 
 15th. That if the Master or Usher be obliged to be absent 
 from the School, notice thereof shall be given to the Warden or 
 his Deputy, who shall be satisfied that due care be taken of the 
 Scholars in the mean tune. 
 
 16. And, Lastly, that the School Room shall always be kept 
 clean. 
 
 The School is open to boys of the Parish indefinitely, free 
 of expense, for Classical Instruction. There are at present 
 THIRTY FIVE boys upon the Foundation, in a course of 
 Classical education, which, considering the population, and 
 that there is another Classical Seminary in the Place, is a 
 proportion of Classical Students seldom found in any of
 
 828 LINCOLN. [Loum. 
 
 our larger and more populous Towns. There are also 
 FORTY-SIX other Scholars, who are boarded in the Houses 
 of the Head Master, the Assistant, and other Boarding-hou- 
 ses in the Town. 
 
 Children are admitted, by an order from THE WARDEN, 
 when they can read well ; and may remain as long as their 
 Parents please. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars only are used . 
 and the following excellent system of Education is strictly 
 pursued ; 
 
 When the Pupil has committed to memory, the Acci- 
 dence, Propria quce maribus, As in prcesenti, and some of 
 the leading Rules of Syntax, he begins to construe VALPY'S 
 Delectus , and to render into Latin the ETON Exempla Mi- 
 nora, he is almost incessantly employed in parsing, the 
 Exempla Minor a he first parses in English, then rends it 
 into Latin, and in the Evening writes it as a Latin exer- 
 cise. In preparing the Lesson in VALPY the ablest boy 
 takes the direction of the Class, observes that the words are 
 found out in the Dictionary by every boy, he hears them 
 construe it in succession, and when the Lesson has been thus 
 prepared, it is construed by every boy to the Master, to 
 whom it is also parsed throughout, and the Rules of Pro- 
 pria quce maribus, As in prcesenti, and Syntax are given for 
 every Gender, Tense, Case, &c., if any inaccuracy is be- 
 trayed in the repetition of these, a few moments are allowed 
 for consulting the Rule, and fixing it immediately in the 
 memory ; Two hours of the day are appropriated by this 
 Class to spelling and reading English, to Writing, and 
 Arithmetic. By the progressive introduction of the Learn- 
 er to the Rules of Grammar, and by an immediate and 
 constant application of them, by parsing English as well as 
 Latin, and by reducing the English as nearly as possible to 
 the Rules of Latin, the greatest advantages have been found 
 to arise.
 
 LOUT.] LINCOLN. 829 
 
 By the time the Scholar has construed about half the 
 Delectus of VALPY, he is introduced into the Fables of PH.E- 
 DRUS, - for the difficulties of this Author, boys find ample 
 compensation in his wit and pleasantry, they then construe 
 PILEDRUS alternately with the Delectus. The Pupil being 
 now completely master of every other part of the ETON 
 Grammar, commences Prosody, and to VALPY and PH^E- 
 DRUS, succeed C^SAR, and the ETON Selections from the 
 Epistles and Metamorphoses of OVID, CORNELIUS NEPOS, 
 SALLUST, these are followed by VIRGIL, HORACE, JUVE- 
 NAL, by CICERO'S Orations, Offices, the ETON Scriptores 
 Romani, and by some books of LIVY and TACITUS. 
 
 When the Learner has committed to memory the Rules 
 of Prosody, and is expert in scanning and the application of 
 the Rules, he attempts Versification, which is taught by 
 first giving the Scholar the words of some Latin Poet 
 thrown into disorder, to reduce into Verse, and then by 
 his forming Nonsense verses from the words of his Latin 
 Prose exercise, to which he subjoins them, by then giving 
 him the verbal translation of Latin verses to be reduced by 
 him into metre, to this succeed Imitations of some Eng- 
 lish Poet in Heroic and Elegiac verse, and lastly, original 
 Composition and Lyric verse. 
 
 As soon as the Scholar is perfect Master of the Latin 
 Grammar, he is introduced into the GREEK ; which gene- 
 rally takes place at the age of Eleven, and even of Nine or 
 Ten, if the boy be expert. After the Inflexions of the 
 Nouns and Verbs have been learnt, he proceeds as in Latin, 
 beginning to construe some Author immediately, the 
 Rules of Grammar are constantly applied, allowing a few 
 moments for impressing the Rules upon the memory at the 
 time of their application. The books read in Greek are, 
 the Delectus of PRIEST, the excellent publications of DAL- 
 zEL/which are read completely through. XENOPHON^S 
 Cyropcedia, his life of Agesilaus, and his Anabasis, HOMER,
 
 830 LINCOLN. [LouTH- 
 
 the Tragedians (particularly those edited by PORSON), the 
 Orations of DEMOSTHENES, published by MouxTEXEy, 
 PINDAR, HERODOTUS, and THTTCYDIDES. The Senior Class 
 never lose sight of HOMER ; they generally construe at least 
 Two of his books in the course of a half-year. They are 
 sometimes allowed a week, or a fortnight, to prepare for ex- 
 amination half a dozen of his books. 
 
 The business of the day begins in every Class with SACRED 
 READING. The first and second Classes read a portion of the 
 Latin Testament into the original Greek, the third construes 
 some part of the Gospels in Greek, the fourth and fifth 
 construe the Latin Testament, and those who are not equal 
 to this, read the Lessons for the day in English. Prayers 
 are then read from the Liturgy of the Church of England 
 by the Senior boys in succession, which are read also in the 
 Evening in like manner. 
 
 The Senior Classes then repeat lines from Greek or Latin 
 authors, which have been committed to memory on the pre- 
 ceding Evening, also Chronology, Rhetoric, SEALE'S metres. 
 
 The other Classes repeat a portion of Greek or Latin 
 Grammar, History, or Geography. 
 
 The Exercises performed on the preceding Evening are 
 then looked over, the ETON books are used for this pur- 
 pose, to which is added VALPY'S Elegantice Latince, 
 Composition in English, or Latin or Greek Prose or Verse, 
 employs the Evenings of the first Class, they are all fre- 
 quently exercised in the translation of Greek or Latin 
 authors, which they read back into the original language, 
 after it has been inspected. 
 
 Every Lesson, except in the first Class, is construed twice 
 over, and is parsed very carefully. On one day of the 
 Week, the work done in the Week by each Class, is again 
 construed to the Head Master ; in the last Month of the 
 Half-year, the whole work of the Half-year is again gone 
 over, All the Lines also are again repeated, and after-
 
 LOUTH.] LINCOLN. 831 
 
 wards repeated at one Lesson, in this manner a book of 
 HORACE, or VIRGIL, is repeated by a Class at one Lesson, 
 without much apparent exertion. 
 
 Every Fault in English, Latin, or Greek Composition, is 
 registered in the Fault-books of the different Classes, are 
 shown up to the Head Master, and proclaimed in the School. 
 In Writing and Arithmetic also, the merit or de-merit of 
 the performance is registered likewise every day. At the 
 end of the Half-year, REWARDS are given to the most de- 
 serving, which rewards arise from a fund formed from 
 Fines imposed upon those, who are reported tardy at the 
 times of entering the School. 
 
 All the Classes, except the first, upon leaving the Teacher, 
 re-construe the lesson to the CAPTAIN of the Class, before 
 they are permitted to sit down. Boys of inferior capacity 
 are usually associated with those of brighter talents. 
 
 The attention and emulation of the Scholars is constantly 
 kept alive by Precedence during the Lesson, according to 
 merit. 
 
 Particular attention is paid to Elocution, the higher 
 Classes on one morning of the week deliver before the Mas- 
 ter, Speeches selected from the best English Authors, with 
 appropriate action, and once in the year deliver in public, 
 Speeches from Greek, Latin, French, and English authors. 
 This practice of Public Speaking was instituted by Dr. ORME, 
 and has been continued by the present Master, from a con- 
 viction of it's utility, and from a wish to keep alive that 
 Interest and Indulgence, with which the Friends of the 
 Scholars and the Gentlemen of the Town and Neighbour- 
 hood have always received the Rhetorical attempts of these 
 young Candidates for public approbation. 
 
 An extensive and useful SCHOOL LIBRARY has been col- 
 lected, chiefly from the Benefactions of the Parents of the 
 Scholars upon their leaving School. Since the appointment 
 of the present Master, a charge of Half a guinea has judici-
 
 832 LINCOLN. [LOUTH. 
 
 ously been made upon the admission of every Scholar (ex- 
 cept those upon the Foundation), which has enabled him to 
 expend about Ten guineas annually in the purchase of 
 Books. The Senior boy is appointed Librarian, who enters 
 in a book the titles of the books taken out, and the names of 
 the Readers, his account is submitted weekly to the in- 
 spection of the Head Master. 
 
 There is an Exhibition of 6. .8. .6. per annum at JESUS 
 COLLEGE, Cambridge, for Scholars from the Schools of Cais- 
 tor, Louth, or Alford. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. JOHN WAITE, 
 M. A., of St. John's College, Cambridge, who was elected 
 on the death of The Revd. Dr. ORME, in October 1814. 
 The Income of the Head Master arising from the Endow- 
 ment, is nearly 300. per annum ; the other emoluments, 
 except the profits arising from the board of Pupils, are 
 absorbed by the Salaries of the Assistants. 
 
 The Trustees of the School have erected an excellent and 
 spacious House, for the residence of the Master, near to the 
 School-room, in a situation quite retired from the Town, to 
 which is attached a convenient Play-ground. For this 
 House he pays rent to the Corporation of Louth, it being 
 erected from their Corporate Purse. The House and 
 Grounds have been considerably improved by the present 
 Master, and afford accommodation seldom equalled in simi- 
 lar Establishments. 
 
 The Usher, who is now in the EIGHT v SECOND year of 
 his age, being unequal to the duties of his situation, was 
 permitted by The Trustees, with the approbation of the 
 Visitor, The Bishop of LINCOLN, to retire in the year 1802, 
 with an allowance of 40. per annum out of the Salary paid 
 to the Usher; The Trustees reserving to themselves the 
 right of nominating his Locum tenens. This situation was 
 filled by the present Master from 1802 to 1 812. The Revd. 
 T. A. DALE, B. A., of St. John's College, Cambridge, is the
 
 LOUTH.] LINCOLN. 833 
 
 present Representative of the Usher. Mr. DALE has the 
 privilege of admitting into his house Pupils, who attend the 
 Grammar School. 
 
 Scholars who are boarded at Lodging-Houses in the 
 Town, pay to the Head-Master Eight guineas per annum 
 for Classical Instruction. 
 
 Writing, Arithmetic, Algebra, Trigonometry, Euclid, 
 &c., are taught at Two guineas per annum. 
 
 The French language is taught in the School by a Native 
 of France, at One guinea the Quarter. 
 
 There is no Church Preferment, nor any other advant- 
 ages, belonging to this School. 
 
 A respectable List might be given of Men educated at 
 this School, who have passed through the Universities with 
 Honour, and who have afterwards acquired Distinction in 
 the Church, at the Bar, and in the Army and Navy. The 
 School of Louth for the last Fifty years has maintained a 
 high character in the County of Lincoln, and during this 
 period has probably educated more Scholars for the Learned 
 Professions than any other School in the County. Schools, 
 however, are only the Nurses, not the Parents of Genius, 
 And if the School of Louth cannot display in the number of 
 it's sons, men whose names are emblazoned in the Rolls of 
 FAME, it can hold forth to public Respect and Gratitude, 
 the Virtues and Talents of more humble, BUT NOT LESS 
 USEFUL SCHOLARS. 
 
 The present worthy Master, partly from a desire of gra- 
 tifying his own feelings, and partly from a wish to perpetuate 
 the connection subsisting between the School and the Scho- 
 lars, has preserved a REGISTER of Admission from the year 
 1803 to the present year 1817- 
 
 No information, respecting the Masters of this School, 
 can be obtained from the Records in the possession of the 
 Trustees, prior to the year 17^0 ; in which year, it appears 
 
 VOL. i. 3 H
 
 834 LINCOLN. [Loum. 
 
 that JOHN ESCOLME, of Trinity College, Cambridge, was 
 Master, 
 
 In 1728. J. WADESON, Usher, JOSEPH L'OsTE. 
 
 1766. JOHN EMEEIS, M. A., of Corpus Christi Col- 
 lege, Cambridge, Usher, WILLIAM STOP- 
 FORD. 
 1796. THOMAS ORME, D.D., of St. John's College, 
 
 Cambridge. 
 1814. JOHN WAITE, M.A., of St. John's College, 
 
 Cambridge. 
 
 The instances of the LONGEVITY of the Masters are 
 remarkable in FOUR of those Gentlemen, viz., Mr. WADE- 
 SON, Mr. EMERIS, Mr. L'OsTE, and Mr. STOPFORD. 
 Mr. EMERIS, after presiding over the School of Louth for 
 THIRTY YEARS with Fidelity and Distinction, retired from 
 it with the applause and regret of the Inhabitants of the 
 Town and Neighbourhood, Twenty-one years since, and is 
 now living in the enjoyment of " otium cum dignitate" in 
 the EIGHTY-SECOND year of his age.
 
 LOUTH PARK.] 
 
 LINCOLN. 
 
 835 
 
 LOUTH PARK, near LOUTH. 
 
 ALEXANDER Bishop of LINCOLN, in 1139, according to 
 Bishop TANNER, built an Abbey in the Park near Louth 
 for the Cistertian Monks whom he had brought from Foun- 
 tains to Haverholm. This, as most of the Monasteries of 
 that Order, was dedicated to THE VIRGIN MARY. In the 
 time of King HENRY the Third it contained 66 Monks, and 
 150 Conversi ; but, about the time of the Suppression, there 
 were not above 12 Religious, who had lands and rents 
 worth 14714..6. per annum according to DUGDALE, and 
 169..5..6. ob. according to SPEED. The Site was granted, 
 in the 30th of HENRY the Eighth, to CHARLES Duke of 
 SUFFOLK; and, in the 12th of ELIZABETH, to Sir HENRY 
 STANLEY, Knt., and MARGARET his Wife. 
 
 The lands have since fallen into the possession of several 
 Proprietors. Mr. MASON, a respectable Farmer and Gra- 
 zier, resident in the Village of KIDDINGTON, to which 
 Parish Louth Park is annexed, has lately purchased the 
 lands which formed, perhaps, the greater part of the Park. 
 
 Some small portions of the exterior Walls are now stand- 
 ing. And THOMAS ESPIN, Esq., F. S. A., who is building
 
 836 LINCOLN. [LOUTH PARK. 
 
 a small Residence for himself upon a Gothic plan, having 
 been presented with some of the stones highly decorated, 
 judiciously proposes to adorn it with these venerable re- 
 mains. 
 
 This description is not introduced to convey any supposi- 
 tion, that there was a connection between THE ABBEY and 
 THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at Louth, but purposely to perpe- 
 tuate the SEAL.
 
 MOULTON.] 
 
 LINCOLN. 
 
 837 
 
 MOULTON, near SPALDING. 
 
 THE FEEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in the pleasant Village of 
 MOULTON was founded by JOHN HARROX, Yeoman, a native 
 of this Parish, by his Will, dated the 19th of September, 
 1 560 ; and endowed by him with 275 a ..O r ..25P. of land ; of 
 which 263 a ..2 r ..7 p . are situate in the Parish of Moulton, and 
 the remaining ll a ..2 r ..18 p . in the adjoining Parish of Whap- 
 lode. The estate is subject to various incumbrances, occa- 
 sioned by inclosing, draining, and other incidental expenses. 
 
 The STATUTES appointed by the pious and munificent 
 Founder, are such as are common to most Grammar Schools ; 
 and particularly require Prayers to be said daily in the 
 School, and a strict attention to the Religion of the Establish- 
 ed Church of England. 
 
 In the Forty-first year of Queen ELIZABETH, 1599, a Com- 
 mission was appointed, and a Decree made, concerning This 
 School ; by which it appears, in the words of the Decree, that 
 " there had been long and troublesome Suits between divers 
 Schoolmasters and the Feoffees, seeking to keep the lands in their 
 hands, and to allow the Schoolmaster only a certain Stipend in 
 money, with the occupation of the House and some small parcel 
 of the Lands ; and not [to assure the Lands, nor any part there- 
 of, to the Schoolmaster and his Successors.
 
 838 LINCOLN. [MOULTON. 
 
 te Yet it appeareth plainly, that the true intent of the said 
 HARROX was, not only that the whole profits of the lands should 
 be employed by the Devisees or Feoffees to the use of the School- 
 master and School ; and themselves to gain or retain nothing 
 thereof unto themselves ; but also it seemeth unto us, that the 
 very lands themselves ought to have been, after the erection and 
 foundation of the said School, assured to the Schoolmaster and 
 his Successors." 
 
 The Decree then proceeds to order the heirs of the surviving 
 Feoffee, to convey and assure the whole of the said Lands unto 
 the Schoolmaster then being, and to his Successors : And it 
 appoints new Trustees. 
 
 Most appropriate, therefore, is the Motto, which was 
 chosen for the Common Seal of this School, " Pietas plan- 
 tavit, Probitas Jirmamt? And it may most devoutly be 
 added, " Esto perpetua .'" 
 
 The Schoolmaster is Master, " et de jure et de facto? 
 He lets the Lands, receives the Rents, and discharges the 
 several outgoings of the Estate: chooses the Usher, and 
 pays his Salary ; and keeps the various Buildings (consist- 
 ing of his own house, and four small Farm houses) in sub- 
 stantial repair. He has a commodious and comfortable 
 Dwelling-house, which is built upon the site of the Founder's 
 Mansion, with a detached School, and convenient Garden, 
 Orchard, Yard, and Homestead, together with a Play- 
 ground of Two acres for the Scholars. 
 
 The House stands pleasantly in the centre of the Village, 
 and opposite to the Church, the Tower and Spire of which 
 are of very great elegance, lightness, and beauty. 
 
 The School is open to all boys indefinitely, of any age or 
 place , who can read a Chapter in the New Testament. 
 And it may with the greatest propriety be termed a Free 
 School, as the only expense is Four-pence, which is paid on 
 Admission. 
 
 The present number of Scholars upon the Foundation is 
 SIXTY. No nomination is requisite. And as an additional 
 comfort to the Children, all of them who choose, are allowed 
 to bring their victuals, and to dine in the School.
 
 MOULTON.] LINCOLN. 839 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are used : The 
 Master teaches the Classics, and the Usher, the English 
 language, writing, and arithmetic. 
 
 The present Master is, SAMUEL ELSDALE, Clerk, M. A., 
 late Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. He was unani- 
 mously elected in 1814. This Gentleman receives Eight 
 Boarders only into his house : his Terms vary from 35. to 
 j40. per annum,, according to the age of the Pupil. Imme- 
 diately after his election, his Dwelling-house underwent con- 
 siderable repairs and improvements. The School was also 
 greatly improved, by an alteration highly conducive to the 
 health and comfort both of the Teachers and the Scholars. 
 
 By the Statutes of the Founder, the Master is restricted 
 from holding any " Ecclesiastical Living" with this School. 
 The present Usher, Mr. JOHN EUGENE SAVAGB, is 
 boarded and lodged in the house of the Master. 
 
 The late Master, The Revd. WILLIAM MAUGHAM, held 
 the situation Fifty-one years, and died at the Patriarchal 
 age of Eighty-eight 
 
 The following awful circumstance once happened at this 
 School. Upon the death of the Master, a Successor was 
 immediately appointed, who died suddenly, and both of them 
 were buried at Moulton on the same day. 
 
 There are Six TRUSTEES ; Three of whom are ex Offi- 
 cio, 
 
 The Vicar of Moulton, now The Revd. MAURICE JOHN- 
 SON, D. D., Impropriator of Moulton. 
 The Vicar of Whaplode, now The Revd. PHILIP 
 
 FISHER, D. D. 
 
 The Rector of Fleet, now The Revd. RICHARD DOES, 
 M.A. 
 
 And three Lay Trustees or Feoffees, 
 HARDY MEASURE, Gentleman, of Spalding. 
 JOHN TATAM, Gentleman, of Moulton. 
 ROBERT KING, Gentleman, of Moulton.
 
 840 LINCOLN. [ 
 
 The Lay Trustees are chosen by the remaining Trustees, 
 when any vacancy occurs. 
 
 The Trustees are directed to meet in the School, and to 
 examine the Scholars twice a year, or oftener, if they please. 
 
 When the Mastership is vacant, another Master is to be 
 elected by the Trustees, within Forty days : and none is to 
 be chosen, but " such as hath good report, and is able to 
 teach the Latin and Greek tongues." 
 
 The Bishop of LINCOLN is the VISITOR. 
 
 The munificent Founder of this School also bequeathed 
 Eands of considerable value to the Poor both of Moulton 
 and of Spalding, for ever.
 
 NEW SLEAFORD.] LINCOLN. 841 
 
 NEW SLEAFORD. 
 
 THE FREE and COMMON SCHOOL in NEW SLEAFORD was 
 founded in the year 1604, by ROBERT CARR, Esq., of 
 Aswardby, by Indenture dated the first of September, 
 between himself on the one part, and Eight Trustees therein 
 named; 
 
 By which the said ROBERT CARR for the perpetual maintenance 
 of a FREE and COMMON SCHOOL in New Sleaford aforesaid, in 
 the place where the School is now kept there, or in some other 
 convenient place in the said Town of New Sleaford, for the 
 better education of the Youth and Children born or inhabiting 
 with their Parents within New Sleaford, Old Sleaford, Aswardby, 
 and Holdingham, and in Quarrington, North Rauceby, South 
 Rauceby, Anwick, Kirkby La Thorpe, and Evedon in the said 
 County of Lincoln, in Virtue and Learning, (and for other pur- 
 poses), hath granted all those Pastures in Gedney in the Parts 
 of Holland and County of Lincoln, containing Five score acres 
 more or less, &c. ; out of the rent and profit of which a yearly 
 sum or pension of ,20. shall be paid quarterly to the School- 
 master : 
 
 " The Master to be chosen by the Owner and Inheritor of the 
 late faire Castle of New Sleaford, and continue such so long 
 only as he shall be thought fit by the said Inheritor of the said 
 Castle, and the most part of the Vicar of New Sleaford and the 
 Trustees : 
 
 " And, on the death or unfitness of the Master, on certificate 
 made to the Inheritor of the said Castle, he shall by some writing 
 under his hand and sealchuse another Master, being Bachelor of 
 Arts, or Master of Arts in either Cambridge or Oxford : 
 
 " And, if the said Inheritor does not name within Ten weeks 
 after such certificate, that then the Vicar and Inheritors of the 
 said Pastures do chuse a Master :" 
 
 He is to teach the Children " without any after reward or 
 benefit to be demanded or expected :" 
 
 And the Children are " to continue with him at all such times 
 of the day, as is commonly used in other Free . s chools of 
 Learning." 
 
 Mr. ROBERT CAMMOCKE, by Will, dated the 21st of 
 April, 1631, gave " a Farm at Harmston, in the County of
 
 842 LINCOLN. [NEW SLEAFORD. 
 
 Lincoln,' 1 but charging it with several annual payments, of 
 which one is " Four pounds a year to the Usher in The 
 Free School of Sleaford," to be paid half yearly. This Estate 
 is now the property of SAMUEL THOKOLD, Esq., who resides 
 at Harmston, and regularly pays this demand. 
 
 " At this time, there Is not a Scholar " upon the Foun- 
 dation ! 
 
 The present and only Master is, The Revd. ELIAS 
 HUELIN, Clerk, whose Salary is 24. per annum ; 20. of 
 which have been withholden a year or two, and most pro- 
 bably will be withholden some considerable time longer, on 
 account of some heavy expenses which the Trustees have 
 incurred in necessary buildings on the premises. This 
 Gentleman has some Children from Jersey, but his terms 
 are unknown. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, nor other University advantages, 
 belonging to this School.
 
 SPALDINO.] 
 
 LINCOLN. 
 
 843 
 
 SPALDING. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at SPALDING was founded 
 by JOHN GAMBLYN and JOHN BLANK, who endowed it with 
 lands in the County of Lincoln ; and established by Letters 
 Patent from King CHARLES the Second. It was subse- 
 quently augmented, by the Will of Mr. ATKINSON, with an 
 ancient House and Granary in the Town of Spalding. 
 
 The present gross proceeds of the Rents amount to about 
 150. per annum: out of which the repairs, taxes, and 
 other incidental expenses are paid ; when the remaining sum 
 is given to the Head Master, he paying his own Assistant, 
 if he thinks it necessary to employ one. 
 
 All the Householders in the Town and Parish have a right 
 to send their Children upon the Foundation, free of expense, 
 when they are Eight years old, or can read a Chapter in 
 The Old Testament, and write a tolerably good hand. 
 Which privilege they exercise at their pleasure. There has 
 been no limit to the number of boys upon the Foundation, 
 nor to the time of their continuance in the School. 
 
 The ETON Latin and Greek Grammars are those which 
 are used in this School. And the routine of Education is 
 something upon the same plan. 
 
 There are no Exhibitions, Scholarships, nor other Univer- 
 sity advantages, belonging to this Foundation.
 
 S44 LINCOLN. [SPALDING. 
 
 The present Head Master is, The Revd. WALTER MAU- 
 RICE JOHNSON, who employs as his Usher, The Revd. Mr. 
 SPOONER ; neither of these Gentlemen takes Boarders. 
 
 Mr. JOHNSON holds the small Chapelry of Cowbitt, distant 
 about three miles from Spalding, which is worth about Thirty 
 guineas per annum, and in the gift of the Governors. 
 
 The learned Dr. BENTLEY was Master of this School in 
 the year 1681. 
 
 By the STATUTES it is ordained, that if the Governors, or 
 the major part of them, shall fail to elect a Schoolmaster 
 within Forty days after a vacancy, that then The Master 
 and Senior Fellows of SAINT JOHN'S COLLEGE, in Cambridge, 
 shall appoint a fit man to be Schoolmaster here. 
 
 A pleasing opportunity now offers itself of mentioning 
 with becoming respect " THE GENTLEMEN'S SOCIETY at 
 SPALDING ;" and especially it's connection with THE SOCIETY 
 of ANTIQUARIES of LONDON. 
 
 The Spirit of Emulation and Communication which pre- 
 vailed among The Establishes, or to speak more properly 
 The Revivers, of THE SOCIETY of ANTIQUARIES of LONDON 
 in the beginning of the Eighteenth Century, produced two 
 or three congenial Establishments, whose object was to extend 
 their inquiries into the History and Antiquities of this King- 
 dom by mutual correspondence. 
 
 With this very laudable view there was established in the 
 year 1710, at Spalding, a SOCIETY of GENTLEMEN, who, in 
 the true style of Monastic antiquity, assumed to themselves 
 the modest denomination of a Cell to that of LONDON ; at 
 once expressing their relation and connection with that re- 
 spectable Body, of which most of them were also Members, 
 and with which they kept up an uninterrupted correspondence 
 and communication of their Minutes, for upwards of FORTY 
 YEARS.
 
 SPALDING.] LINCOLN. 845 
 
 This Society, which took it's rise from MAURICE JOHNSON, 
 Esq., an Ancestor of the present Head Master of the School, 
 and a few Gentlemen of the Town of Spalding, who met at 
 a CofFee-House to pass away an hour in Literary conversa- 
 tion, and reading some new Publications, may be considered 
 as one of the extraordinary eiforts of the active mind of their 
 Founder, whose intimate acquaintance with the various 
 branches of English history and Jurisprudence supported for 
 so long a time a Plan originally digested by himself, and also 
 extended the views of The Society to other parts of Science. 
 
 Of this Society a very particular account is given in the 
 Third volume of The " Biblioiheca Topographica Britan- 
 nica." 
 
 Wherever there has long been a communicative and com- 
 plaisant character, the same benign sentiments perpetually 
 prevail. At least I must gratefully bear such testimony to 
 the candour of The Governors, and the Head Master, of 
 this School. From Spalding I received the Jirst answer to 
 these inquiries, accompanied with an impression of the 
 Common Seal of the School, and with such courtesy and 
 politeness, as fixed my determination to persevere in a plan, 
 which, whatever may be it's defects, shall not be charged 
 with insensibility to their encouragement and kindness. 
 
 NICH. CARLISLE.
 
 846 LINCOLN. [STAMFORD. 
 
 STAMFORD or STANFORD. 
 
 RADCLIFFE'S SCHOOL, 
 
 commonly called 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 
 
 THE FEEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL in the Borough of STAMFORD 
 owes it's origin to the benevolence of WILLIAM RADCLIFFE, 
 who, having served the office of Alderman^ in those days the 
 Chief Magistrate of the Town and Head of the Corporation, 
 in the years 1495, 1503, and 1512, died about the year 
 1530, having made provision by his Will for it's establish- 
 ment ; in which he gave estates to the Alderman of Stamford 
 for the time being, to the intent that he should, immediately 
 after his death, find an honest, and able person, being learned, 
 to teach Scholars within the Town of Stamford, " freely, 
 without taking of any reward of the same Scholars or their 
 Parents for the same." 
 
 And, for the pains of such Schoolmaster, the Alderman 
 was to pay to him, the yearly profits of all the Donor's lands 
 in Stamford. 
 
 He further willed, that his Feoffees or Executors should, 
 within Twenty-one years after his death, obtain His Majesty's 
 licence for the admortisment of the said lands to the use 
 aforesaid, But, if the Feoffees or Executors could not obtain 
 the said licence, within the time prescribed, that then his 
 Executors should sell those lands, and employ the produce 
 thereof in such deeds of Charity, as to them should seem 
 most expedient. 
 
 In the 2d and 3d of EDWARD the Sixth, 1548, an Act of 
 Parliament was passed for establishing this Foundation, which 
 recites the Will of Mr. RADCLIFFE, and that, during seventeen 
 or eighteen years after his death, an able and learned School- 
 master taught within the Town, " greatly to the benefit of the
 
 STAMFORD.] LINCOLN. 847 
 
 said poor Town, and of the other Towns thereunto adjoining," 
 yet His Majesty's licence was not obtained by the Feoffees ; by 
 which delay it was feared that they, " rather minding to take 
 the benefit of the sale of the land, after the said term of One and 
 Twenty years expired, than the advancement of the said godly 
 and most charitable intent of the said giver," never intended to 
 obtain the said licence, which would be greatly to the detriment 
 of the Inhabitants, and contrary to the Will of The Founder ; 
 for remedy whereof, it was enacted, that from henceforth the 
 Alderman of the Town of Stamford, for the time being, and his 
 successors, should hold all the lands and tenements so bequeathed, 
 " to the intent therewith yearly to find an honest, able, and 
 sufficient learned man, to teach freely, within the same town of 
 Stamford, all such Scholars as shall, from time to time, resort to 
 the School-house appointed for teahing such Scholars." 
 
 The Schoolmaster to be paid the yearly profits of all such 
 lands, by four even portions. 
 
 The Alderman of Stamford, with the advice and consent of 
 The Master of THE COLLEGE of SAINT JOHN the EVANGELIST, in 
 Cambridge, shall name, direct, assign, and appoint, from time 
 to tune, such an able, learned person to be Schoolmaster there, 
 as shall be meet for the same, And shall have power to remove 
 and put out any such Schoolmaster there, for lack of due attend- 
 ance or other reasonable cause, and shall appoint and place any 
 other such learned man, as shall be thought proper by The 
 Alderman of Stamford, by the advice and council aforesaid." 
 
 And, that " the trade, form, and manner of instructing and 
 teaching to be used within the said School be approved and 
 allowed by the said Master of the above-named College, for the 
 time being." 
 
 The Estates belonging to the School consist chiefly of old 
 Houses, which are now let for 331..6..0. per annum. 
 This sum is paid to the Head Master quarterly, out of 
 which he pays the Salary of the Second Master, and repairs 
 the School and School-house. 
 
 There is an excellent House which, it is said, was built 
 some years since by Subscription ; this, however, must have 
 been a re-edification of a former building, as there is a stone 
 in the North front indicating, that the residence was given 
 to the School by MATTHEW BELLOT ; who, it appears, was 
 Secretary to The Lord Treasurer BURGHLEY, at the time of 
 this benefaction.
 
 848 LINCOLN. - [STAMFORD- 
 
 The School is open to all boys in the Town of Stamford, 
 and other adjacent Towns, free of expense. There are 
 36 boys in the School at present. 
 
 A boy is admitted into the School, when he is thought 
 competent by the Master to enter into his Grammar ; and 
 may remain as long as his Parents please. There is no par- 
 ticular form of Admission; whoever offers to the Schoolmaster 
 is admitted. 
 
 The ETON Grammars are used ; and the ETON system of 
 Education is pursued. 
 
 The Revd. RICHAKD ATLAY, the present Head Master, 
 has not lately taken Pupils himself ; but the Second Master 
 now takes Boarders at 21. per annum, for boys under 
 Twelve years of age, and which includes Education. 
 
 The Lord Treasurer BURGHLEY augmented TWENTY- 
 FOUR SCHOLARSHIPS in SAINT JOHN'S COLLEGE, Cambridge. 
 And directed, that, after his death, one of his Scholars shall 
 be appointed by the heir of the House of BDRLEIGH, to be 
 chosen out of the School at Stamford. 
 
 In the year 1613, THOMAS Earl of EXETER, by Indenture, 
 gave a yearly rent of 108. to The Master, Fellows and 
 Scholars of CLARE-HALL, in the University of Cambridge, 
 for founding THREE FELLOWSHIPS, and EIGHT SCHOLAR- 
 SHIPS ; the Three Fellows to be called " The Earl of 
 EXETER his Fellows" and not to be under the degree of 
 Bachelor of Arts, at the time of their Admission ; and Six 
 of the Scholars to be called, " The Earl of EXETER his 
 Scholars;" and the other Two, to be called " The Lady 
 DOROTHY, Countess of EXETER, her Schollars:" and upon 
 condition, that as often as any of the Three Fellowships 
 or Eight Scholarships became void during the life of the said 
 Earl or his Son, he or his son should nominate and appoint 
 to the said Master and Fellows of CLARE HALL, a meet 
 person for every such of the said Fellowships or Scholarships 
 as should then be void : and that after the death of the Earl
 
 STAMFORD.] LINCOLN. 849 
 
 and his eldest son, when any of the Scholarships became 
 
 void, it was agreed, that " The Master, Fellows and Scholars 
 
 of CLARE-HALL, in their nomination and election of new 
 
 Scholars into the said Scholarships which so shall be void, 
 
 shall principally prefer such persons of the said University, 
 
 as formerly have been taught and instructed in T7ie School 
 
 at STANFORD, in the County of Lincoln ; if, in respect of 
 
 their learning and honest conversation, they shall be found as 
 
 fit and able as others which shall be Competitors with them 
 
 for the said Scholarships."" 'ITiese Fellowships have been 
 
 much increased in value by The Master and Fellows of 
 
 CLARE-HALL. The Scholarships founded by Lord EXETER 
 
 are 2. per week; and those of Lady EXETER are l..6. 
 
 per week. 
 
 Mr. THOMAS TRUESDALE, by will, in the year 1700, 
 vested 50. in the hands of The Corporation of Stamford, 
 for free born Scholars belonging to The Free School, going 
 directly from thence to The University, who pay j5. per 
 Cent, interest for it. 
 
 Mr. MARSHALL left 12. a year for an Exhibition, for a 
 Scholar born in the Borough of Southward, or in the Town 
 of Stamford; and educated either in the School kept in the 
 Parish of ST. SAVIOUR'S Southwark, or in STAMFORD School. 
 There is no Church Preferment, nor other advantages of 
 any kind, belonging to this School. 
 
 The following is an imperfect List of THE HEAD MASTERS 
 of RADCLIFFE'S School: 
 In 1592-3. ROBERT MYLNES. 
 1611. RICHARD SWAN. 
 1627. LIONEL LAMBE. 
 1714. The Revd. WILLIAM TURNER. 
 1723. The Revd. Mr. HANNER. 
 1726. The Revd. HEZEKIAH HAINES, B. A. 
 1731. The Revd. FARINGDON REID, B. A. 
 1759. WILLIAM KEATE, M. A. 
 1770. The Revd. HENRY KNAPP, M. A. 
 
 VOL. I. 31
 
 850 LINCOLN. [STAMFORD. 
 
 In 1780. The Revd. RICHARD ATLAY, M. A., late Fellow 
 
 of St. John's College, Cambridge. 
 
 Among the eminent Men, who have been educated at this 
 School, may be enumerated, 
 
 The Lord Treasurer BURGHLEY. 
 ZACHARIAS BROOKE, D. D., formerly Lady Marga- 
 ret's Professor of Divinity, in Cambridge. 
 JOHN CHEVALLIER, D. D., formerly Master of St. 
 John's College, in Cambridge. 
 
 STANFORD was anciently eminent, according to PECK, 
 as a SEAT of LITERATURE ; and especially, on the break- 
 ing out of a violent quarrel at Oxford, between THE NORTH- 
 ERN and SOUTHERN Scholars, in 1333, when a great 
 number of Masters and Students retired to Stamford. 
 
 CAMDEN says, that many of them soon returned to Ox- 
 ford, and thereby checked the rise of this Seminary ; And, 
 that an Oath was afterwards provided at Oxford, that no 
 person of that University should take a Degree at Stamford. 
 It appears, however, that besides those who retired from 
 Oxford to Stamford in 1333, others followed them in the 
 months of May, June, and July, 1334; and it seems pro- 
 bable, that the influence of the Monks of Durham, in 
 Stamford, might at least be a subordinate motive with the 
 NORTHERN men who were Seceders, to give Stamford a pre- 
 ference. 
 
 The Members of The University of Oxford, Mr. BLORE 
 observes, alarmed for their credit by this Secession, ap- 
 plied to King EDWARD the Third through their Chancellor 
 ROBERT STRATFORD (afterwards Chancellor of England) 
 and the Congregation of their Masters, to obtain the autho- 
 rity of Pope BENEDICT XII, for suppressing the concourse 
 of Scholars to Stanford. But the King imitating the ex- 
 ample of his Grandfather, preferred the exercise of his own 
 Sovereign authority to the assistance of the Pope ; and, on
 
 STAMFORD.] LINCOLN. 851 
 
 the 2d of August, 1334, directed his own Writ to the 
 Sheriff of Lincolnshire, JOHN DE TREHAMPTON, reciting, 
 that Masters and Scholars of Oxford had, in consequence 
 of dissensions, retired from Oxford to study at Stanford ; 
 and commanding him to proceed to Stanford, and there to 
 proclaim a Prohibition, for any person to sttidy or perform 
 Scholastic exercises elsewhere than in The Universities, on 
 pain of forfeiting all which they were capable to forfeit. 
 
 This Prohibition decidedly shows, that Stanford was not 
 then considered as an University. Though it does not 
 appear to have had the effect of completely suppressing the 
 Schools. For the King, on the 28th of March following, 
 1335, issued another Proclamation from Nottingham, by 
 which it appears, that several of The Masters and Scholars, 
 holding the Prohibition in contempt, had, afterwards, con- 
 tinued to study at Stanford, and to perform Scholastic ex- 
 ercises there, to the disgrace of the King and the manifest 
 dispersion of The University of Oxford : So that for the 
 Suppression of their resistance to his authority, he had or- 
 dered the Sheriff of Lincolnshire to seize their Books and 
 Goods in Stanford ; which last proceeding had not had the 
 effect of dispersing them, for that the Masters and Scho- 
 lars still, by default of the Sheriff in the performance of his 
 duty, continued their exercises at Stanford as before ; And 
 that special Command was therefore given to WILLIAM 
 TRUSSEL, to declare the Prohibition at Stanford, to the 
 Masters and Scholars there, and to return their names im- 
 mediately to the King for their Punishment : And, in this 
 service, the Sheriff was commanded to be assisting, with an 
 assurance from the King to the Seceders, that the latter 
 should have redress before his Justices for any injury done 
 to them at Oxford. 
 
 TRUSSEL, in pursuance of this authority, took an Inquisi- 
 tion at Stanford, on the Feast of Saint James, by which 
 many names of those who had contumaciously resisted the
 
 852 LINCOLN. [STAMFORD. 
 
 King's commands, were returned ; and they were afterwards 
 punished by the confiscation of their goods and imprisonment, 
 and remanded to Oxford. 
 
 SELDEN intimates, that the Prohibition of Scholastic 
 exercises at Stanford was carried into effect by the King's 
 presence on the occasion. And, if that were really the case, 
 it should seem that the Professors and Scholars at Stan- 
 ford continued refractory for more than two years after the 
 last Prohibition. For it does not appear that the King was 
 at Stanford until the 3d of June 1337, from which day he 
 kept his Court there, after his journey to York, until the 
 first of July following. And indeed, according to CAMDEN, 
 the Schools of Stanford continued to flourish until the rage 
 of the Civil Wars between the Houses of York and Lancas- 
 ter, when the NORTHERN Soldiers stormed and ravaged the 
 Town with fire and sword. 
 
 Nevertheless, after the contests between STANFORD and 
 OXFORD, the former appears still to have been the residence 
 of several learned men, though their connection with the 
 Schools cannot be ascertained with certainty. 
 
 However, in the time of LELAND, the Stanford Schools 
 seem to have been so completely neglected, that he appears 
 to have barely obtained information of some of their names. 
 
 About the year 1721, a LITERARY SOCIETY was founded 
 here upon the Rules of that at SPALDING, by JOHN Earl of 
 EXETER, Recorder, MAURICE JOHNSON his Deputy, and a 
 few other Gentlemen. But, on the decline of this Society 
 in 1745, Dr. STUKELEY, then Rector of St. Peter's, founded 
 THE BRASEN-NOSE SOCIETY, so called in memory of the 
 famous University there, on whose site they met weekly on 
 Saturdays, and Quarterly on the Saturday of or preceding 
 the full Moon, and adjourned in Summer for the conveni- 
 ence of Members to Deeping. This also in a few years af- 
 ter fell into decay, notwithstanding the strenuous efforts of 
 one of it's Members to revive it's pristine spirit.
 
 WAINFLEET. LINCOLN. 853 
 
 WAINFLEET. 
 
 THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL at WAINFLEET was found- 
 ed in the year 1484, by WILLIAM WAYNFLETE, Bishop of 
 Winchester, Lord Chancellor of England in the reign of 
 HENRY the Sixth, and Founder of Magdalen College, Ox- 
 ford. 
 
 This celebrated Bishop being possessed of certain lands 
 and tenements at Wainfleet, which had been devised to him 
 by will, in 147% was desirous, by planting Grammar Learn- 
 ing in the place of his Nativity, to extend it in the Northern 
 Provinces of the Kingdom ; and he accordingly resolved to 
 erect there a School and Chapel, as he had done near his 
 College. 
 
 For this purpose he employed Master JOHN GIGUK, 
 Warden of Merton College Oxford, and of the College at 
 Tattershall in Lincolnshire, to procure a site and to contract 
 with workmen for the building ; the Indenture for the Car- 
 pentry being dated the 25th of April, 1484. And he con- 
 veyed to the same person the property before-mentioned, to 
 be made over by him to THE PRESIDENT and SCHOLARS of 
 MAGDALEN COLLEGE for the Endowment. 
 
 This Endowment consists of a Salary of 17 marks 
 (11. 6..8.) a year paid by Magdalen College : the School- 
 house, gardens, orchard, and yard, the whole being nearly 
 an acre : and about 18 acres of land lying in the Parishes of 
 Wainfleet All Saints, and Wainfleet St. Mary's; part of 
 which is inundated in Winter. That portion which is situ- 
 ate in Wainfleet All Saints, was valued, with the rest of the 
 Parish, in 1808, at l4..l..S^. per annum: that part 
 which is in Wainfleet St. Mary's, is worth about 30s. a 
 year.
 
 854 LINCOLN. [WAINFLEET. 
 
 In 1579, ROBERT WOOLBIE added, by his Will, Forty 
 shillings a year for ever to the Stipend. 
 
 The School which is the principal ornament of the 
 Town, stands on the South side of it, and is handsomely 
 constructed with brick. The length is 7<> feet, and the 
 breadth 26. It consists of two stories; and appear? to have 
 been designed for only two rooms ; unless a room 2" feet 
 by 1 8, divided by a partition of solid brick-work, toward the 
 East end of the Lower story, belonged to the original plan. 
 It has two Towers, which project at the West end ; in the 
 Northern is a Staircase, and in the Southern is a Bell. 
 
 Perhaps the Lower Story was intended for the School, and 
 an apartment for the Master. It now affords a comfortable 
 Habitation to him and his Family. The Upper Story is the 
 present School-Room, being 70 feet long and 10 broad, 
 with six windows on each side and two large ones in the 
 ends. The former have been filled with Lilies painted on 
 single Panes, of which several still remain, irregularly scat- 
 tered ; some very clear, others obscure, inverted or upright, 
 as they happened to be put together in repairing. All the 
 Windows have been strongly ironed ; and those below have 
 had very massive shutters on the inside, as appears from the 
 iron hooks left in the wall. The Civil War, and the Li- 
 cense of the Barons, had rendered precaution necessary. It 
 was unsafe to abide in a dwelling not barricaded or fortified. 
 A man's house was indeed his Castle. What an age to 
 live in ! 
 
 The painted glass of the two large Windows of the Up- 
 per Story was removed, or destroyed, before August 1755. 
 
 The School-Room was originally used as the Chapel, to 
 pray for the Soul of The Founder, and the Souls of his 
 Ancestors. A Pulpit and Reading-Desk remain, but fixed 
 on the tops of two Scholar-seats, and visibly of later con- 
 struction. Though not intended for a place of general 
 Public Worship, it is used instead of the Church, which is
 
 WAINFLEET.] LINCOLN. 855 
 
 above a mile distant from the Town, every other Sunday 
 during the Winter season ; and it has accommodations suf- 
 ficient for as large a Congregation as commonly assembles 
 in the neighbourhood. This practice, after being disconti- 
 nued many years, was resumed in 1785. 
 
 This School, and the appointment of the Master, belong 
 to Magdalen College, who repaired the building in 1755. 
 
 The School is free, for Latin and Greek, to any of the 
 Boys of the three Parishes of Wainfleet : but other branches 
 of Literature are paid for, the terms being for Reading 6s. 
 per quarter, and for Writing and Arithmetic 10s. per quar- 
 ter. There are two Boys now learning Latin. Children 
 are admitted at about six years of age, and may remain as 
 long as their Parents please. About 50 Scholarsare educa- 
 ted in Summer, and 70 in Winter, at this School. 
 
 The Grammars in use are, RUDDIMAN'S Rudiments, and 
 the ETON Greek. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. SIMON WILLIAM WILCOX, 
 whose Salary is <ll..6..8. per annum, together with the 
 profits of the Endowment. 
 
 As the English language was not reduced to any regular 
 standard at the time of the pious Founder, it is probable 
 that a knowledge of Latin and Greek might be highly bene- 
 ficial to the then Inhabitants of the three Wainfleets; who, 
 if Tradition and the size of the Churches may be credited, 
 were not only more numerous, but also more opulent than 
 at present : this may likewise be inferred from the Monu- 
 ments, and the ancient Seats in this part of the County, 
 though it is now not only thinly inhabited, but the Inhabit- 
 ants of the Wainfleets, and Towns adjacent, are almost 
 without exception of the Middle and Lower Orders of 
 Society, whose Children, not likely to be profited by a Clas- 
 sical education, are put first to Reading, and afterwards to 
 Writing and Arithmetic, for which the moderate charge, as 
 has been stated, is made. The principal and praise-worthy
 
 856 LINCOLN. [WAINFLEET. 
 
 reason of the present Master, for allowing the School terms 
 to be low, is, that the inhabitants may derive some advan- 
 tage by having an ENDOW KD SCHOOL in their Town ; since 
 the few Parents who now wish their Children to learn Latin, 
 confine them to it no longer than is sufficient to qualify 
 themfor Apprentices to different occupations. 
 
 The late Master, Mr. PICKBURN, presided over this Se- 
 minary for upwards of FIFTY YEARS, and nearly at the 
 advanced age of EIGHTY-FIVE. When, having sent in his 
 resignation to Magdalen College, The Society very benevo- 
 lently agreed to settle an Annuity upon him in reward of 
 his meritorious services. 
 
 THE SOCIETY of ANTIQUARIES have honoured this School 
 with a place in their splendid Publications.
 
 WBAGBY.] LINCOLN. 85? 
 
 WRAGBY. 
 
 IN the year 1636, the Executors of the Will of WILLIAM 
 HANSARD, Esq., conveyed to THOMAS GRANTHAM, Esq., 
 Lord of the Manor of Sandon in Wragby, and others, an 
 Annuity of Thirty Pounds out of Lands in Bilsby, &c., 
 for the support of a FREE SCHOOL at Wragby, and con- 
 sented to pay ?>Q. for erecting a School-house at that 
 place. THOMAS GRANTHAM, and his Heirs, to have the 
 right of nomination of the Master, after the first appoint- 
 ment. 
 
 In 3704, Sir EDMUND TURNOR, of Stoke Rochford, in 
 the County of Lincoln, purchased of the GRANTHAM Family 
 the Manor of Sandon in Wragby, with the Patronage 
 of the School annexed. And it now belongs to EDMUND 
 TURNOR, Esq., Author of the excellent History of the Town 
 and Soke of Grantham. 
 
 This School not succeeding as a Grammar School, has, 
 for many years, been conducted by a Master professing read- 
 ing, writing, arithmetic, and the mensuration of land, with 
 credit to the Institution, and advantage to the Town. 
 
 Those boys whose Parents are Parishioners of Wragby, 
 and whose rents are under 10. per annum, are taught 
 reading, writing, and the first four Rules of arithmetic 
 gratis ; but pay 20s. a year for copy books, pens, ink, 
 and paper ; and if they advance further in education, they 
 become Pay scholars. Those boys in Wragby, whose Pa- 
 rents 1 rents are above }0. a year, are taught reading and 
 writing, gratis ; but they pay 20s. a year for stationary, 
 and 20s. more when they cypher, and are continued as long 
 as their Parents think proper to send them, without any 
 additional charge. They are admitted as soon as they 
 are able to read in the New Testament Their number is 
 about Twenty upon the average. 
 
 VOL. r. 3 K
 
 858 LINCOLN. ^ 
 
 The number of boys who pay for their education, is usually 
 about Fifteen. 
 
 The present Master is, Mr. RICHARD BLUNDY, whose 
 charge for private Boarders is Eighteen guineas per annum. 
 He has never been requested, during the Eleven years that 
 he has been Master, to teach Latin to any boys. He keeps 
 an English Assistant. 
 
 THE END OF THE FIRST VOLUME. 
 
 London . Printed by W. Buliuer and Co. 
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