m< 'W .SfeM *fl! ' ' - W:^m IL %-, Division Range Shelf Received 187 GEOGHAPHIA 0LASSICA: OR THE APPLICATION OF ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY . TO THE CLASSICS. BY SAMUEL CUTLER, D.D. F.R.S.&c. &c. ARCHDEACON OF DERBY, AND HEAD MASTER OF THE ROYAL FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF SHREWSBURY. SECOND AMERICAN, FROM THE NINTH LONDON EDITION, WITH QUESTIONS ON THE MAPS, BY JOHN FROST. PHILADELPHIA: CAREY AND LEA, CHESNUT STREET. Entered, according to an Act of Congress, in the year 1831, in the Clerk's office of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Week*, Printer. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. B. C. 4004 2348 2247 2059 1996 1728 1571 1556 1493 1452 1406 1356 1263 1225 1184 1104 1095 1070 1044 1004 975 907 896 884 869 820 Creation of the world. The deluge. Tower of Babel built, and confusion of languages. The Assyrian empire founded. Birth of Abraham. Joseph sold into Egypt. Moses born. Kingdom of Attica founded by Cecrops. Thebes built by Cadmus. The five books of Moses written, who dies the next year. Minos the Cretan lawgiver. Eleusinian mysteries introduced at Athens by Eumolpus. Aygonautic expedition. Theban war. Troy taken. Return of the Heraclidas to the Peloponnese. Saul made king of Israel. Codrus last king of Athens. Settlement of the Ionian colonies in Asia Minor. Age of Homer. Dedication of Solomon's temple. Kingdoms of Israel and Judah divided. Age of Hesiod. Elijah taken up to heaven. Lycurgus the Spartan lawgiver. Carthage built. Sardanapalus, last king of Assyrian Median empire founded. IV. Ol. .u.c. B.C. i. 1. 776 Coroebus conquers at the Olympic games; from which time the regular dates of the Olympiads begin. v. 4. 757 saiah begins to prophesy. vi. 4. 753 lome founded, April 20, ix. 2. 11 743 First Messenian war; continues 19 years to the taking of Ithome. xiv. 4. 33 721 kingdom of Israel finished by the taking of Samaria by Salmanasar king of As- syria. xxiii. 4. 69 685 Second Messenian war; continues four- teen years to the taking of Ira after a seige of eleven years. Age of Tyrtxus and Archilochus. xxiv. 1. 70 684 Annual Archons established at Athens. xxx. 2. 95 659 Cypselus usurps the government of Co- rinth. xxxix. 2. 131 623 Draco the Athenian lawgiver. xlviii. 2. 150 604 Age of Arion, Pittacus, Alcxus, Sappho. xlvii. 2. 163 591 Pythian games established at Delphi, and continued every second year of each Olympiad. Age of Chilo, Anacharsis, Thales, Epimenides, Solon, ^Esop, Ste- i chorus, 8cc. xlviii. 2. 167 587 Jerusalem taken by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, June 9, after a seige of 18 months. 1. 4. 177 577 Death of Jeremiah the prophet. liv. 3. 192 562 First comedy acted at Athens by Susarion and Dolon. liv. 4. 193 563 Pisistratus usurps the sovereign power at Athens. Iv. 2. 195 559 Persian empire founded upon the Median by Cyrus. Age of Anaximenes, Bias, Anaximander, Phalaris, and Cleobulus. Iviii. 1. 206 548 Croesus, last king of Lydia, conquered by Cyrus. Age of Theognis and Phere- cydes. Ix. 2. 215 539 Marseilles built by the Phocxans. Age of Pythagoras, Simonides, Thespis, Xeno- phanes, and Anacreon. Ix. 3. 216 438 Babylon taken by Cyrus. Ixi. 1. 218 536 Edict of Cyrus for the return of the Jews, and rebuilding of the temple, Ixiii. 4. 229 525 Egypt conquered by Cambyses. Ivrv. 4. 233 521 Darius Hystaspes, king of Persia. Age of Confucius the Chinese Philosopher. Ixvii. 3. 244 51C Tyranny of the Pisistratidx abolished at Athens. Ixvii. 4. 245 5 OS Expulsion of the Tarqnins from Rome. Ol. Ix. i. Ixx. 3. Ixxi. 4. Ixxii. 3. Ixxv. 1. Ixxv. 2. Ixxv, 4. xxviii. 4. Ixxxi. 3. xxxiii. 1. xxxiii, 2, xxxiii. 4. xxxvii. 2. xxxix. 4. xci. 1. xciii. 4. xciv. 1. xcv. 1. A.U.C. 250 256 261 264 274 275 277 289 300 306 307 309 323 333 338 349 350 353 354 B.C. End of the regal, and establishment of the consular government. 504Sardis burnt by the Athenians, which causes the invasion of Greece by the Persians. Age of Heraclitus, Parme- nides, Milo the wrestler, Aristagoras, &c. 498 Lartius the first dictator created at Rome. 493 Secession of the Roman people to Mons Sacer. 490 Battle of Marathon. Age of Miltiades. 480 Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. Age of jEschylus, Pinder, Anaxagoras, Zeu- xis, Aristides, Themistocles, Sec. 479 Battles of Plataea and Mycale on the same day. 477 The 300 Fabii killed in one day. 465 Third Messenian war; continues 10 years. 454 The Romans send to Athens for Solon's laws. Age of Sophocles, Pericles, Za- leucus, Nehemiah the prophet, &c. 448 The first sacred war concerning the tem- ple of Delphi. 447 The Athenians defeated by the Boeotians, at Chaeronea. 445 Age of Herodotus, Empedocles, Euripi- des, Phidias, &c. 43lPeloponnesian war begins, May 7, and continues twenty-seven years. Age of Cratinus, Eupolis, Aristophanes,*Meton, Democritus, Gorgias, Thucydides, Hip- pocrates, Malachi the last of the Pro- phets: and the history of the Old Testa- ment ends. 421 The fifty years' peace made between the Athenians and Lacedaemonians, which is kept but six years and 10 months. 416 Scene of the Peloponnesian war removed to Sicily. The Agrarian law first mov- ed at Rome. 405 Battle of ^Egos Potamos. Usurpation of Dionysius the elder. 404 Athens taken by Lysander, which puts an end to the Peloponnesian war. Age of Parrhasius, Protagoras, Lysias, Aga- thon, Cebes. 401 Cyrus the younger killed at Cunaxa. Re- treat of the 10,000 Greeks. Expulsion of the thirty tyrants from Athens by Thrasybulus. 400 Socrates put to death. VI. Ol xcvi. 1. xcvi. 2> xcvi. 3. xcvii. 3. xcviii. 1. c. 4. cii. 2. cii. 3. ciii. 2. civ. 2. civ. 3. cv. 1. cv. 4. cvi. 4. cviii. 1. cix. 2, ex. 3, cxi. 1. cxi. 2. cxi. 3. cxi. 4. cxiL 1. A.u.c, 358 359 360 364 366 377 383 384 387 391 392 394 397 401 406 411 416 418 419 420 421 422 B.C. 396 Expedition of Agesilaus into Asia. Age of Xenophon, Zeuxis, Aristippus, and Archytas. 395 Corinthian war begun by the alliances of the Athenians, Thebans ? Corinthians, and Argives, against the Lacedaemonians. 94Conon defeats the Lacedaemonian fleet near Cnidus. The allies defeated by Agesilaus in the battle of Coronea. o90 Rome burnt by the Gauls. Age of Plato, Conon, Iphicfates, Camillus. 388 Peace of Antalcidas, which made the Greek cities in Asia Minor tributary to the Persians. 377 Lacedemonians defeated off Naxus by Chabrias. Age of Isxus, Isocrates, Dio- genes, 8cc. 371 The Lacedaemonians defeated by the The- bans, commanded by Epaminondas, at the battle of Leuctra. 370 Messenians return to the Peloponnese, hav- ing been banished 300 years. 3 67 One of the consuls at Rome elected from the Plebians. 363 Lacedaemonians defeated by Epaminondas at the battle of Mantinea. Death of Epaminondas a year after that of Pelo- pidas. 62 Agesilaus goes into Egypt, and dies on his return home. 360 Athenians defeated at Methone by Philip of Macedon, being the first battle he 357 gained in Greece. Second sacred war began; the Phocians having attacked the temple of Delphi. 353 Philip defeats the Phocians commanded by Onomarchus. o48 Philip puts an end to the sacred war. 343 Timoleon banishes Dionysius the younger, tyrant of Syracuse. Age of Speusip- pus, Protogenes, Aristotle, j32schines, Demosthenes, Phocion, 6cc. 338 Philip defeats the Athenians and their al- lies in the fatal battle of Chseronea. 336 Philip killed by Pausanias. Alexander destroys Thebes. 4 Alexander begins his Persian expedition. Battle of the Cranicus. o33 Battle of Issus. 332 Tyre taken and destroyed by Alexander: Alexander in F and Melos, or Milo. East of Melos are the inconsiderable islands of Pholegandros, Sicinos, and los, now PolecandrOy Sikino, and Nio. Below los is Thera, or Santorin, whose inhabitants colonized Gyrene, in Af- rica; East of which is Anaphe, or Namphio; and North- east of it Astypalsea , or Stampalia. North-west of Scit triste Minervsc Sidus, et Euboicae cautes, ultorque Caphareus. Virg. JEn. XI. 260, f jEstuat infelix angusto limite mimdi . Ut Gyarze clausus scopulis parvaque Seripho. Juvenal, Sat. X. 169, Cinctaque piscosis Astypalrca vadis, Ov. Art* 11.82. 128 Astypalaea is Amorgus, now Jlmorgo ; North-west of which is Naxos*, now Naxia, celebrated for its worship of Bacchus; and adjoining it to the West was Paros, and the smaller island of Olearos, or Antiparos, which retain the names of Paro and *ftntiparo: this was the celebra- ted region of the finest white marble t. Above Paros was the small but celebrated island of Delos, the birth- place of Apollo and Diana; it was held so sacred, that all sick persons were transported to the neighbouring island of Rhena, lest it should be polluted by their death. On the opposite or North-eastern side, was the island of Myconus, or Myconi. Thus we may see that the Cy- clades were spread in a semicircular form round Delos, as the centre, whence they derive their name. The antient names of Delos were Asteria and Ortygia, the latter being derived from the number of quails which frequented the island. The antients believed the island to have been moveable formerly, and carried about by the waves, but that when Apollo was born there it be- came fixed J. * Bacchatamque jugis Naxon, viridemque Donusam, Olearon niveamque Paron, sparsasque per sequor Cycladas, et crebris legimus freta consita terris. Virg. &n. III. 125. f Splendentis Pario marmore purius, Hor. Od. I. 19. 6. :f: Sacra mari colitur medio grattissima tellus, Nereidum matri et Neptuno ^Egseo; Quam plus Arcitenens oras et littora circum Errantem, Mycone celsa Gyaroque revinxit, Immotamque coli dedit, et contemnere ventos. Virg. &n. III. 75. 129 Below the Cyclacles was the great island of Crete, now Candid) renowned among the antients as having been the birth-place of Jupiter. The Western extremity of Crete was a promontory called Criu Metopon, or the ram's forehead, now Crio; its Eastern was called Samo- nium, now SaZmone; its Northern was called Cimarus, now Spada. About the centre of Crete was the cele- brated Mount Ida *, where Jupiter was nursed, whence came the worship of Cybele, and the priests called the Curetes, or Idsei Dactyli. On the Northern coast, towards the Western end of the island, was Cydonia, now Canea. The Cretans were celebrated archers, and the Cydonianst, were the best, or most esteemed among them. Towards the Eastern part, where the shore bends to the South, was the city of Gnossus, the kingdom of Minos, so celebrated for his justice as to have been made one of the judges in the infernal regions: with this place we shall, of course, associate the names of Ariadne, Theseus, Daedalus, the labyrinth, and Minotaur. South of it was Lyctos, now Lassite. Dicte$ was a mountain at the Eastern extremity of the island, sometimes giving name to the whole island. In a cave of this mountain * Crcta maris magni medio jacet insula ponto, Mons Idxus ubi, et gentis cunabula nostrx. * * # * Hinc mater cultrix Cybele, Corybantiaque rcra, Idxumquc nemus. Virg. Mn* IIL 104. f Primusve Teucer tcla Cydonio Dircxit arcu. Hor. Od. IV. 9. 17, Dictoca negat tibi Jupiter arvn, Virg. JEn< III 171, 17 130 Jupiter is said to have been fed by the bees with honey* Along the South shore, at the narrowest part of the island, Hiera pytna, is now Gira petra; West of which is Gortyna, near to which are said to be some ruins re- sembling a subterraneous labyrinth. Off the North shore of Crete is the little island of Dia, now Standia; and below the South shore is Gaulos, now Gozo of Candia, to distinguish it from the Gozo of Malta. North-west of Crete, and off the promontory of Malea, we find the island of Cythera, now Cerigo, sacred to Venus, who was supposed to have risen from the sea in its neighbour- hood, and is hence called Cytherea. Off the coast of Elis, on the Western side of Greece (PL XL), is Zacynthus, now Zante; South of which are the islands of the Strophadest, now Strivali, so called because Calias and Zethus here turned back from pursu- ing the harpies. Above Zacynthus, almost opposite the Sinus Corinthiacus, is Cephallenia, now Cefalonia; on the Eastern coast of which the city of Same still retains its name. The island of Ithaca (PI. X.), lies to the North-east of it, and is now called Theaki. Above these, off the coast of Thesprotia, lies the island of Cor- cyra, now Corfu. It was originally colonized by the Corinthians, and is memorable for having given occasion to the Peloponnesian wars, and for a dreadful sedition * ' ' ' Pro qua mercede, canoros Curetum sonitus Corybantiaque sera secutae, Dictao regem superum pavere sub antro. Virg. Georg. IV. 150. | i. Strophades Graio stant nomine dictse Insulae lonio in magno: quas dira Celano, Harpyiseque colunt alise. Virg, &n. III. 211: 131 which' prevailed there during part of that war, which is finely described by Thucydides, in his third book. This island was called Phseacia by Homer, who describes the gardens and orchards of its king Alcinous. We shall now proceed to describe the Grecian Islands adjoining the coast of Asia *. A little below the Helles- pont (PL XII.), off the coast of Troas, is a small island which keeps its name, Tenedost, the fatal station to which the Grecian fleet retired for concealment while awaiting the result of their stratagem for the capture of Troy. Below it, off the coast of Mysia, is Lesbos, now called Mitylin, from Mitylene, its ancient capital, on its Eastern coast. It was the birth-place of Sappho, and Alcaeus. Above Mitylene, in the North-eastern extre- mity of Lesbos, was Methymna, now Porto Petera. Below Lesbos, off the coast of Ionia, was Chios, or Scio, one of the reputed birth-places of Homer, where his school is still shown J: the Chian and Lesbian Asia itself has not yet been described, but it is thought more convenient to enumerate these islands in this place; and the sec- tion itself may be reserved, at the option of the teacher, for the conclusion of the chapter, in Asia Minor. f Est in conspectu Tenedos notissima fama Insula, dives opum Priami dum regna manebant, Nunc tantum sinus, et statio malefida carinis. Hue sc diversi, secreto in littore condunt, Nos abiisse rati, et vento petiisse Mycenas. Virg. JEn. II. 21. \ The places which contended for the birth-place of Homer are enumerated in those well known lines Septem urbes certant de stirpe insignis Homeri, Smyrna, Rhodes, Colophon, Salamis, Chios, Argos, Athenae. Of these Chios and Smyrna have the best claim. I am not one of 132 wines* were antiently, and still are, in high repute. West of it is Psyra, now Ipsara. Below Chios, off the Southern extremity of Ionia, is Samos, which keeps its name. Junot was worshipped here with peculiar hon- ours. A little West of Samos was Icaria, now Nicaria. Below these, off the coast qf Caria, are a number of scattered isles, called from that circumstance the Spo- rades. Below Icaria is Patmos, to which St. John was banished. Below it is Leros, which also keeps its name, and Calymna, now Calmina. Below this was Cos, a larger island, off the coast of Doris, now Stan Co* the birth-place of Apelles and Hippocrates. Below it, Ni- syrus and Telos, are now Nisiri and Procopia; and un- der Doris, where the shore of Asia Minor turns to the East, is the celebrated island of Rhodus, or Rhodes, so well known in the history of the Grecians, Persians, Romans, and Mahometans. Its principal city was Rhodes, where was the celebrated Colossus of the Sun, the legs of which are commonly but falsely supposed to have stood on each side of the harbour, and admitted be- tween them ships in full sail. It was the work of Chares, the pupil of Lysippus, erected about 300 B.C., and those who doubt his existence. The uniformity of plan and dic- tion convinces me that the Iliad, with possibly a small exception, is the work of one man. The Odyssey is fierhaps attributable to a different hand, and to a somewhat later but very early age. * Capaciores affer hue, puer, scyphos, Et Chia vina aut Lesbia. Hor. Efiod. IX. 33. I Quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus imam Posthabita coluissc Samo, says Virgil, speaking of Carthage Mn, I. 15. 133 thrown down by an earthquake about 120 years after; in which state it continued till it was sold by the Sara- cens, after their conquest of Rhodes, A. D. 672, to a Jew, who broke it up, and loaded 900 camels with the brass. About midway between Rhodes and Crete, the island of Carpathus, now Scarpanto, gave name to the Carpathian Sea. In the Eastern part of the Mediterranean, off the coast of Cilicia (PL XIII.), was the island of Cyprus, sacred to Venus. Its principal city was Salamis, towards the East, founded by Teucer*, when banished by Tela- mon from the island of Salamis in the Sinus Saronicus, it was overwhelmed by the sea, afterwards rebuilt in the fourth century, under the name of Constantia, and is still called Constanza. A little below it is the present capi- tal of Cyprus, called Famagosta, from the antient pro- montory of Ammochostos, or the sand hill. South-west of this was Citium, now Cito, the birth-place of the great Stoic philosopher Zeno. South-west of which was Amathus; whence Venus, who was worshipped there, was called Amathusia. West of this was Curium, now Fiscopia; and in the Western extremity was the much famed city of Venus, Paphos, now Limmeson tftntica. On the Northern coast, Soli is now Solia, Lapethus * Teucer Salamina patremque Cum fugeret, tamen uda Lyxo Tempora populea fertur vinxisse corona, Sic tristes affatus amicos : Quo nos cunque feret melior fortuna parente, Ibimus, O socii comitesquc, Nil desperandum, Teucro duce ct auspice Teucro, Certus enim promisit Apollo, Ambiguam tellure nova Salamina futuram. Hot, Od. I. 7, 2i: 134 Lapeto, and Chytrus Cytria; Idalium* is thought to have been about the centre of the Eastern part of the island The Grecian Seas (PI. XII.) were distinguished by various names: the Southern part of the Hadriatic, washing the Western coast of Greece, was called Mare Ionium t; the sea between Crete and Africa was called LibycumJ Pelagus; above Crete, Mare Creticum; be- tween Crete and Rhodes, Carpathium Pelagus || ; near the island of Icaria, Icarium Mare If; between Attica and the Cyclades, Myrtoum Mare**; all the rest of the Archi- pelago was called by the general name of the Mare ^gaeum. The modern term of Archipelago is rather of doubtful and somewhat curious derivation. It is doubted whether Egio Pelago or Agio Pelago be the original modern term, the former a corruption of the word JEgaeum, and the latter derived from the sanctity * Est Paphos Idaliumque tibi, sunt alta Cythera. Virg. JEn. X. 86. | Nosse quot lonii veniant ad littora fluctus, Virg. Georg. II. 108. % Delphinum similes qui per maria humida nando Carpathium Libycumque secant. Virg. Mn* V. 595, Tradam protervis in mare Creticum Portare ventis, Hor. Od. I. 26. 2. \\ Quicunque Bithina lacessit Carpathium pelagus carina, //or. Od. I. 35.7 . Tf Luctantem Icariis fiuctibus Africum Mercator metuens. ffor. Od. 1. 1. 15. ** Ut trabe Cypria Myrtoum pavidus nauta seoet mare, Hor* Od. I. 1, 13. * 135 of the monasteries on Mount Athos and in the islands From one or the other of these, mariners are thought to have adopted the corruption of Archipelago, which having itself a manifest similarity to another Greek root, has been generally supposed to be derived from it. Even the most illustrious of geographers, D'Anville, to whom I owe so many obligations, falls into the vulgar error. 136 CHAPTER XI ASIA MINOR, Plate XIII. THE country which we call Asia Minor (a term not in use among the Antients, who called it sim- ply Asia,) is now called Anatolia, or rather Jlna- doli, from y*ToA^ the East. It comprises the pro- vinces between the Euxine and Mediterranean Seas. Along the shore of the Pontus Euxinus, adjoining the Propontis, is Bithynia; next to which is Paphlagonia; and East of it Pontus, reaching to the river Ophis, where the shore of the Pontus Euxinus begins to turn to the North. Below the Eastern part of Bythynia and Paphlago- nia is Galatia. South of the Propontis is Mysia, below it Lydia, and below Lydia is Caria. These three provinces lie along the Eastern shores of the ./Egean, but their coasts are chiefly occupied by 137 Grecian colonies. Below the Hellespont, the coast of Mysia is called Troas, the celebrated scene of the Iliad of Homer. The South coast of Mysia and a little of the North of Lydia is called ^Eolis^ or jEolia. The remaining coast of Lydia is called Ionia. There were also some Ionian cities on the coast of Caria ; and the South-west coast of Caria was called Doris. East of Caria was Lycia ; and East of Lycia, Pamphylia ; with Pisidia to the North, and to the North-east Isauria and Lycaonia. East of Pamphylia was Cilicia. In the centre^ East of Lydia, was the large province of Phrygia ; and East of Phrygia was Cappadocia. Bithynia was originally called Bebrycia: two Thra- cian nations, the Thyni and Bithyni, who settled there, gave it the name of Bithynia. It is separated from My- sia by the Rhyndacus on the West, and from Paphla- gonia by the Parthenius on the East; on the North it is bounded by the Pontus Euxinus, and on the South by Phrygia and Galatia. On the Western frontier, the great mountain of Olympus gave the name of Olympena to the surrounding territory. At the foot of Olympus was the city Prusa, or Bursa, which gave the title of Prusias to the kings of Bithynia. One of this name was the betrayer of Hannibal to the Romans, who poisoned himself to escape falling into their hands, B.C. 183, A.U.C. 571. The next city we shall mention is Nicaea. now Isnik, on the banks of the lake Ascanius, North- cast of Prusa. Here was the famous General Council held under Constantine the Great, when the Nicene 18 >jSr 138 Creed was drawn up, A.D. 325, North of Nicaea is Nicomedia, now called Isnickmid; and West of it, to- wards the Bosporus, is Libyssa, now Gebise, which de- rived its name from containing the tomb of the great African general, Hannibal. At the point where the Pro- pontis begins to contract was Chalcedon, called the city of the blind, in derision for its founders having over- looked the more delightful and advantageous situation of Byzantium : it is now Kadikeui. Opposite to Byzanti- um, or Constantinople, was Chrysopolis, now Scutari. On the Bosporus was a celebrated temple of Jupiter Uri- us, the dispenser of favourable winds: it is now called loron. The Thyni, a Thracian nation, were settled on this part of the shore of the Euxine, extending from the Bosporus to the river Sangarius, or Sagaris, now the Sa- karia. On the East of the Sangarius were the Ma-rian- dyni, in the North-eastern part of whose district was the powerful city of Heraclea Pontica, now Erekli ; a small peninsular promontory to the North-west is called Ache- rusia, and it is said that Hercules dragged Cerberus from hell through a cavern in this promontory. North-east of the Mariandyni are the Caucones, adjoining Paphla- gonia. Paphlagonia extends from the river Parthenius, or Partheni, to the great river Halys, now called Kizil- Ermak, or the red river *. In the North were the He- neti, who are said to have passed over into Italy after the Trojan war, where they established themselves under * The river Halys was the boundary of the dominions of Crce- sus King of Lydia, to whom the celebrated oracle was given, KpoiffofAtvvfictCs jiaya'xwv ccp%*v x*Taxwm, a line which might well have been applied to the late Emperor of France when he crossed the Vistula. 139 the name of Veneti. The principal cities were on the coast of the Euxine: Amastris*, now JZmastreh, and Cytorus, now Kitros; North-east of which was the Pro- montory of Carambis, now Cape Karampi, which we have noticed as opposite to Criu Metopon in the Tauric Chersonese; and just as the shore has bent downwards is Sinope, a celebrated Grecian colony, founded by the Milesians, and the birth-place of the philosopher Dio- genes; it was the capital of Pontus in the reign of the great Mithridates, and is still called Sinub. Under the Eastern part of Bithynia, and Paphlagonia, is Galatia. A colony detached from the great Gaulish emigration, under Brennus, B.C. 270, crossed the Hel- lespont, and settled themselves in the North of Phrygia and Cappadocia, where, mingling with some Grecian colonies, they caused the country to obtain the name of Gallo-Grsecia, or Galatia; and, what is singular, they continued to speak the Celtic language even in the days of St. Jerome, 600 years after their emigration. On the confines of Phrygia and Bithynia was the city of Pessi- nus, originally Phrygian, and Mount Dindymus, remark- able for the worship of Cybele, hence called Dindy- menet, whose image was brought from this place to Rome, with a remarkable miracle attending it J, in the * Amastri Pontica et Cytore buxifer. Catull. IV. 13. f Non Dindymene, non adytis quatit Mentem sacerdotum incola Pythius, Non Liber zeque Hor. Od. 1. 16. 5. \ Claudia, a vestal, had been accused of incontinence, and the goddess was prevailed upon by her prayers to vouchsafe her tes- timony to her innocence, by enabling her to remove by her girdle the ship which had grounded in the Tiber. Ovid. Fast. IV, 315, 140 second Punic war. A little East of Pessinus was Gor- dium, also originally in Phrygia, where Alexander cut to pieces the Gordian knot, respecting which there was an antient tradition, that the person who could untie it should possess the Empire of Asia. Still East was An- cyra, now Jlngora, from whence the celebrated shawls and hosiery made of goats' hair were originally brought. Near this place Bajazet was conquered and made pri- soner by Timour the Great, A.D. 1402. North-east of this, on the confines of Paphlagonia, Gangra, now Kan- kiari, was the residence of Cicero's friend, Deiotarus, one of the tetrarchs or princes of 'Galatia, in whose favour we have an oration of Cicero to the senate. This city, however, was also sometimes considered as one of the principal in Paphlagonia. It is not necessary to enter into the detail of the other cities in Galatia; but we may observe in proof of the Gaulish origin of the people, that the Northern part of them were called the Tectosages. East of Paphlagonia and Galatia is Pontus, extending along the coast of the Euxine, from the mouth of the Halys to the Ophis. It was originally part of Cappa- docia, and was formed first into a Satrapy, and then into an independent kingdom, about B. C. 300. Leaving the mouth of the Halys, the first important city we shall notice is Amisus, now Samsun, a Greek colony, aggran- dised by Mithridates. The sea here forms a gulf called Amisenus Sinus, into which the river Iris flows, called now Jekil-Ermarkj or the green river. Upon its banks, considerably inland, was Amasea, now rfmasie/i, the most considerable of the cities of Pontus, and the birth- place of the great Mithridates and Strabo the geographer. North of it was Magnopolis, built by Pompey the Great; 141 and below it, in a direction nearly South, was Zele ? where Caesar overcame Pharnaces, son of the great Mi- thridates, with such rapidity, that he wrote his account of his victory to the senate in those three famous words, "Veni, vidi, vici." North-east of Zele was Comana, now perhaps JUmons, or Tocat, called Pontica, to dis- tinguish it from another of the same name in Cappadocia: both were celebrated for their temples, and college of priests, consecrated to Bellona, who was however wor- shipped by those oriental nations rather as the Goddess of Love than of War. North of it is Neo-Csesarea, now Niksar. Advancing towards the sea we find the river Thermodon, or Terme, which runs through the plains of Themiscyra, the antient residence of those warlike fe- males the Amazons*. East of this was Polemonium, now Fatija, built by Polemon, who was established in the kingdom by Marc Antony, and East of it was Cera- sus, now Keresoun, from which Lucullus introduced the first cherries into Italy in the Mithridatic war. Con- siderably East of it, almost on the confines of Colchis, was Trapezus, or Trebisond, so famous antiently as the first Greek colony which received the 10,000 Greeks in their immortal retreat under Xenophon, and subsequent- ly as the seat of Grecian Emperors, so well known in romance, and so little read of in history. South-east of Trapezus, above the banks of the river Ophis, (PI. XVII.) was Teches, or Tesqua, now Tekeh, the moun- tain from which the troops of Xenophen had their first view of the sea, the account of which is so finely de- * ' Cum flumina Thermodontis Pulsant, ct pictis bcllantur Amazones armis. Virg. /w. XI. 659. 142 scribed by him in the latter part of the fourth book of the Anabasis. The South-eastern part of Pontus was oc- cupied by the tribes of Chalybes, or, as Strabo calls them, the Chaldasi. Returning to the coast of the ^Ggean, (PI. XIII.) the first province is Mysia, bounded by Bithynia on the East, the Propontis on the North, the JEgean on the West, and Lydia on the South. The Rhyndacus, often mistaken by modern travellers for the Granicus, separates it from Bithynia. Proceeding from thence Westward, along the shore of Propontis, we come to the island of Cyzicus, now a peninsula, which preserves its name; it was antiently a very flourishing city. A little West of it is the river Granicus, the famous scene of the first great battle between Alexander and the armies of Darius, May 22., B.C. 334., 01. 111. 3., where 30,000 Mace- donians are said to have defeated 600,000 Persians; it is now a torrent called Ousvola. The city of Lampsacus, now Lamsaki, is on the Hellespont. It was famous for the worship of Priapus, hence called the Hellespontian , or Lampsacan God*. Alexander resolved to destroy this city on account of the vices of its inhabitants, but it was saved by the philosopher Anaximenes, who know- ing that Alexander had sworn to deny his request, begged him to destroy it. A little below is Percote, which was given by Artaxerxes to Themistocles, to maintain his wardrobe. Below it is Abydos, which we have already mentioned as nearly opposite to Sestos, but a little more to the South. South of it, towards the * Hellespontiaci servet tutela Priapi. Vtrg. Georg. IV. 111. 143 mouth of the Hellespont, is the sacred plain of Troy, immortalized by the first and greatest of poets. The coast of Mysia, between the Hellespont and the Promon- tory of Lectum, has received the names of Troas, from Troy, and, in its Northern part, Dardania, from the city of Dardanus, at the entrance of the Hellespont, which, though now destroyed, still gives to the Hellespont the name of the Dardanelles. Modern travellers very much differ in their accounts of this celebrated plain, and in the position they assign to the antient city of Troja, or Ilium. Sir W. Gell, in his accurate and interesting sur- vey of the Troad, accompanied with many beautiful and faithful coloured engravings, thinks he has discovered some vestiges of this most famous city near the village of Bounarbachi ; but the fact probably is, that though some great and strong outlines, such as Ida, and the promon- tory of Rhcetaeum and Sigaeum, may remain, the lapse of 3000 years may have caused so great a change in the general face of the country, as to have obliterated every vestige of the antient city, and even several of those minor features, which may be said to have outlived even nature herself in the immortal poem of Homer. Troy was more than once rebuilt under the names of Troja and Ilium, generally in a situation nearer the sea than the antient city is supposed to have occupied. It stood between two rivers, the Scamander, or Xanthus, and the Simois, which formed a junction before they entered the Hellespont. The Simois rose in Mount Ida, a very lofty range of mountains East of Troy. The sources of the Scamander were hot and cold springs near Troy. The summit of Ida was called Gargarus. The Northern promontory of the shore, at the entrance of the Helles- pont, was called the promontory of Rhoetxum, and the 144 Southern that of Sigaeum; between these the Grecian camp and ships were stationed. South of the island of Tenedos was Chrysa or Sminthium, where was the temple of the Sminthian Apollo, and the residence of his priest Chryses, the father of Chryseis. Below it is the promontory of Lectum, now called Cape JBaba. South-east of it is Assus, now /-. Ejiist. I, 6. 3J, 157 Konieh, mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles, cli. xm 51. In the North of Lycaonia was a long and salt pool called Tatta Palus, now Tuzla^ or the salt. Cappadocia was bounded on the West by Phrygia, on the North by Pontus, on the East by the Euphrates, and on the South by Phrygia. The Cappadocians are remark- able for having refused liberty when offered them, pre- ferring to live under their kings, who seem to have had a number of slaves on the royal domains, somewhat like our feudal barons *. Cappadocia was divided into a num- ber of districts, which it is hardly necessary to enumer- ate. On the confines of Lycaonia, Archelais was a Ro- man colony, founded under the Emperor Claudius, now Erkeli. East of it was Nazianzus, the birth-place of Gregory, one of the early fathers of the church, who died A.D. 389. East of it was Tyana, the birth-place of a celebrated impostor called Apollonius, whose life and miracles are recorded by Philostratus: he flourished A.D. 90: it was in a district called Catania. North-east of Tyana was Comana, celebrated for its temple of Bellona, reputed the richest and most sacred in the East; it was plundered by Antony. South-east of which, on the con- fines of Cilicia, was Cucusus, or Cocsan, a remarkably gloomy and retired place, among the mountains of Tau- rus, to which the great St. Chrysostom was banished, And North-eastward, on a small stream between the riv- ers Melas and Euphrates, was Melitene, now Malatia, the antient capital of Armenia Minor. Returning to the * Hence Horace Mancipiis locuples eget asris Cappadocum rex. Hor. Ejiist. II. 6. 49, 158 confines of Phrygia, in the North of Cappadocia, is Nys- sa, or Noris-shehr, the birth-place of another Gregory, also a father of the church, who died A.D. 396. East of it is Mazaca, the capital of Cappadocia, called Csesarea in the time of Tiberius, with the addition of ad Argseum, to signify its position at the foot of the very lofty Mon8 Argaeus, from which both the Euxine and Mediterranean seas might be discovered; it is now called Kaisarieh, and the mountain Argseus is J2rgeh-Dag : the river Me- las, now Korah-Sou, or the Black Water, rises in it;, one source of the Halys rises not far distant The North- eastern part of Cappadoeia, on the Western bank of the Euphrates, was called Armenia Minor. Towards the confines of Pontus is Sebaste, now Sivas, more antiently called Cabira; it was taken from Mithridates by Pompey ; and a little North-east of it was an almost impregnable fortress called Novus, now Hesen-Now 9 where Mithri- dates kept his principal treasures. Still North-east is Nicopolis, or Tephrice, now DevriM, built by Pompey, after he had forced Mithridates across the Euphrates: and in the extreme North-eastern angle, on the confines of Pontus and Armenia Major, was Satala, now Jlrzin- gan. 159 CHAPTER XII. ORIENS. PART i. SYRIA; CONTAINING PHOENICIA, P^LJESTINA= Plates I. XIV. XV. XVI. XVIL THE remainder of Asia shall be described under the general title of Oriens, or the East. Below Cilicia, on the Eastern coast of the Medi- terranean, is Syria (PI. XV.), but the Southern part of the coast is called Phoenicia, and below it Palsestina, or Holy Land, in the upper part of which was Galilsea, in the middle Samaria, and the lower Judaea. Below Judaea, at the top of the Si- nus Arabicus, or Red Sea, (Pl.L), was Arabia Pe- trsea, or the Stony Arabia; lower, towards the en- trance of the Sinus Arabicus, was Arabia Felix, or the Fruitful, and the rest of the vast plain between 160 the Arabian and Persian Gulfs was Arabia Deserta, or the Desert Arabia. East of Arabia, near the mouth of the Euphrates, at the top of the Persian Gulf (PI. XIV.), is Chaldea, and above it, Babylo- nia. Between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, is Mesopotamia; on the East of the Tigris is Assy- ria, East of which is Media, and South of it Persia; that part of Persia near the Tigris is called Susi- ana. North of Mesopotamia is Armenia Major, on the East bank of the Euphrates ; Armenia Mi- nor (PL I. XVII.) was on the Western bank of the Euphrates, being originally part of Cappadocia. Above Armenia, on the Eastern coast of the Pon- tus Euxinus, was Colchis, and East of it Iberia, and, still East, on the shore of the Caspian, Alba- nia. Above them, between the Palus Mseotis and Northern part of the Caspian, was Sarmatia Asiati- ca. East of Persia (PL XIV.) was Carmania, and South-east of it Gedrosia, reaching nearly to the river Indus. The great country between the In- dus and the Ganges (PL I.) was India intra Gan- gem, and that East of the Ganges, which was very little known, was India extra Gangem, South-east of which were the SinsB. East of Media was Aria and Bactriana. North of Media, at the Southern extremity of the Caspian, was Hyrcania and Par- thia, and North of Hyrcania the Chorasmii, to the North-east of whom were the Massagetse, and to the South-east Sogdiana, and still Eastward the 161 Sacse. All the country to the North was called Scythia intra Imaum, or Scythia within the moun- tain Imaus, and South-east of it was Scythia extra Imaum, somewhat North-east of which was Serica, which approached to the North-western frontier of China. We may consider Syria (PI. XV.), including the coasts of Phoenicia and Faustina, as bounded by Cili- cia on the North, by the Euphrates and Arabia on the East, by Arabia and Egypt on the South, and by the Mediterranean on the West. Immediately on the Cili- cian confines was Alexandria, now Jllexandretta, or Scanderona. South-east, but somewhat inland, is the famous city of Antiochia, or Antioch, now almost depo- pulated, and called Jlntakia. It was built by Seleucus Nicator, the son of Antiochus, who called it after his father's name. Seleucus was one of the most powerful of Alexander's generals, who obtained Syria for his share in the dismemberment of the Macedonian empire, and the kings of Syria, his descendants, were called Se- leucidae. We learn from the Acts of the Apostles, ch. xi. 26., that the disciples were first called Christians in Antioch, and after the prevalence of Christianity it re- ceived the appellation of Theopolis, or the divine city. It was built on the river Orontes, or El *ftesi, the only important river in Syria, if we except its Eastern bound- ary, the Euphrates. About five miles below it was a delightful grove and fountains, called Daphne, celebrated for the worship of Venus, and the licentiousness of its visitors; it is now called Beit el Ma, or the House of Water. Near the mouth of the Orontes was Seleucia, 21 162 founded by Seleucus Nicator, now Savedia, and South of it was Mons Casius, said to be so high that the sun- rising might be seen from the summit when the bottom of the mountain was yet enveloped in darkness. Con- siderably South, near the small river Marsyas, which flows into a lake on the Orontes, was Apamea, now Fa- miehj an important city, founded by Seleucus Nicator, who kept five hundred war elephants there; and below it is Epiphaneia, or Hamah. South-east of Epiphaneia is the city of Emesa, or Hems, where was a famous tem- ple of Elagabalus, or the sun, the priest of which, a youth of fourteen, was made Emperor by the licentious Roman soldiers, A.D. 218, and disgraced himself and the purple, during a reign of almost four years, by the most horrid cruelties and unheard-of licentiousness. South-west of Emesa, on the opposite side of the Orontes, is Heliopolis, or J3albec 9 where are still to be seen the ruins of a most magnificent temple of the sun. It is in a valley between two parallel ridges of mountains, Libanus and Anti La- banus. This valley was called Aulon, or the hollow, by the Greeks, and all this part of Syria was called Ccele Syria, or the Hollow Syria. Almost South of Heliopo- lis, but with a little declination towards the East, was Damascus, or Demesk, one of the most celebrated cities of Asia, both in sacred and profane geography. It was beautifully situated in a valley, still called Gouteh De- mcsk, or the Orchard of Damascus, and watered by a river called by the Greeks Bardine, or Chrysorrhoas, the Golden Stream, now Baradi. We shall next describe the interior of Syria to its Eastern boundary, the Eu- phrates. The Northern extremity of Syria, on the de- clevity of Mount Taurus and Amanus, was called Coma- gene: its principal city was Samosata, now Semisat^ on 163 the Euphrates, the birth-place of Lucian. Somewhat South-west of it is Pindenissus, now Behesni, which was besieged and taken by Cicero, when proconsul of Cilicia, after a siege of twenty-five days, A.U.C. 702, B.C. 52. South-east of it is Zeugma, the principal passage of the Euphrates; South of which is Hierapolis, so called from its being the seat of worship of the Syrian goddess Ater- gatis; by the Syrians it was called Bambyce, or Mabog, now Menbigz. Near it was Batnse, now ifldaneh, the delightful situation of which rivalled the Antiochian Daphne. South-west of it was a city antiently called Chalybon, but by the Macedonians of Alexander, Beroea, now celebrated under the modern name of Haleb, or Aleppo. South-west of this was a city called Chalcis, now Old Haleb, and North of it Cyrrhus, now Corus. These three cities gave the name of Chalybonites, Chal- cidice, and Cyrrhestica, to the surrounding districts. Considerably to the East of Beroea is Resapha, which preserves its name; and South-east of it are the celebra- ted fords of the Euphrates at the city of Thapsacus, now El-Der. This ford was first passed by Cyrus, in his ex- pedition against Artaxerxes, immortalized by Xenophon, B.C. 401, 01. 94, 4.; afterwards by Darius, after his de- feat by Alexander at Issus, B.C. 333, 01. 111. 4.; and near three years after by Alexander, in pursuit of Dari- us, previous to his final and decisive victory of Arbela. Below it is Orouros, or Gorur, which was fixed by Pom- pey as the boundary of the Roman Empire, when he re- duced Syria to a Roman province. To the West about midway between Orouros and Emesa, in the vast desert which connects Syria with Arabia, is Palmyra, or Tada- mora, (the city of Palmtrees,) said to have been founded by Solomon, now Tadmor in the wilderness. It was a 164 most powerful city under its celebrated Queen Zenobia, the wife of Odenatus. She opposed the Emperor Aure- lian, in the plains of Syria, at the head of 700,000 men, and had nearly defeated him, but was overthrown and carried captive to Italy, A.D. 273, where she had large possessions assigned to her near Tibur. She was no less an accomplished than brave princess, and had for her se- cretary the celebrated Longinus, the author of the well- known treatise on the Sublime. That part of Syria which occupied the coast of the Mediterranean, with the exception of the Northern dis- trict, was called Phoenicia, and is most justly memorable for having made the earliest progress in civilization and the arts. Navigation was invented and greatly cultiva- ted by the Phoenicians, who are thought to have visited the Scilly islands at a period unknown to history. The Greeks ascribe the origin of letters to Cadmus, a Phoeni- cian; and we know from the sacred books that Tyrian, that is, Phoenician artists, presided over the most glori- ous building recorded in Scripture, the Temple of Solo- mon. Nearly opposite the Eastern promontory of Cy- prus was Laodicea, now LadikieH; below it is Aradus, now Ravad ; below it is Tripolis, now Taraboli, or Tri- poli ; below which is the little river Adonis, now Nahr Ibrahim, the streams of which, at the anniversary of the death of Adonis, which was in the rainy season, were tinged red with the ochrous particles from the mountains of Libanus, and were fabled to flow with his blood*. * The story is told by Milton: Thammuz next came behind, Whose annual wound in Lebanon allur'd 165 Below it is Berytus, now Berut ; below it is Sidon, so renowned in sacred and profane history, now Say da ; and a little below it, Sarepta, the scene of Elijah's mira- cles; and still lower, the city of Tyre, now Sar, so great- ly celebrated by all writers, sacred and profane. Tyros was a colony of Sidonians, founded before the records of history, and consisted of two cities, one on an island, and the other, called Palaetyros, on the shore; the two were about nineteen miles in circumference, but Tyros alone was not more than four. It was taken after a seige of seven months, and a most obstinate resistance, attended with innumerable difficulties, by Alexander, Aug. 20., B.C. 332, 01. 112. 1., who thus fulfilled the many pre- dictions of its destruction delivered by the prophets in the Scriptures: it is now almost in ruins. Palaestina, or Palestine, (PI. XVI.), derived that name from the Philistsei, who inhabited the coast, but as it was the promised inheritance of the seed of Abraham, and the scene of the birth, sufferings, and deatjpf our Redeemer, we are accustomed to designate it by the more religious appellation of the Holy Land. It is bounded on the North by Phosnicia and Crelesyria, on the East by Ara- bia Deserta, on the South by Arabia Petraea, and on the West by the Mediterranean, called in the Bible the Great Sea. It will be the most convenient to invert The Syrian damsels to lament his fate In amorous ditties all a summer's day, While smooth Adonis from his native rock Ran purple to the sea, supposed with blood Of Thammuz yearly wounded, Par, Lost, Book I, 166 the order of time, and first describe it as it existed in the time of our Saviour, and then to state briefly the settle- ment of the twelve tribes under Joshua. The river Jor- don, which rises in Mount Hermon, a branch of Anti- Libanus, flows into the North end of a lake called the Lake, of Gennesareth, or Sea of Tiberias, and issuing from its Southern extremity passes through a long, spa- cious, and fertile valley called Aulon, or Magnus Cam- pus, at the end of which it enters a much larger lake called the Lacus Asphaltites, or Mare Mortuum, in the sacred writings the Dead Sea, or Salt Sea. On the Western side of Jordan were the three countries of Ju- deaea in the South, Samaria in the middle, and Galilaea in the North: on the Eastern side of Jordon was Peraa. In a work like this we can only take a brief review of the principal cities of this most interesting country. In the kingdom of Judaea, about midway between the Medi- terranean and the Northern extremity of the Dead Sea, stood the sacred city of Hierosolyma, or Jerusalem^ thought to have JBen the Salem of which Melchisedec was King. It was sometimes called Jebus, from having been possessed by the Jebusites, a Canaanitish people from whom it was taken by David, and made his resi- dence. It was built on several hills, the largest of which was Mount Sion, which formed the Southern part of the city. A valley towards the North separated this from Acra, the second, or lower city, on the East of which was Mount Moriah, the site of the temple of Solomon. Still North of which was Bethesda, where was the pool . at which the cripple was healed by our Saviour, as rela- ted in the Gospel of St. John, chapter v. North-east oi Mount Moriah was the Mount of Olives, lying beyond the brook and vallev of Kedron, which bordered Jerusa 167 lem on the East: this valley is also thought to 1 be the valley of Jehoshaphat; on the. South was the valley of Hinnom, and at the North was Mount Calvary, the scene of the crucifixion of our Lord. Near Jerusalem, on the North-east, was Bethan}% and on the South, Bethlehem. Jerusalem was utterly destroyed by Titus, according to the prophecy of our Saviour, Sept. 8. A. D. 70. Beginning at the South, along the coast of Philistsea was Gaza, and above it, Ascalon, which preserve their names, and above that, Azotus, or Jlsdod; still 'North of this, but rather more inland,, is Accaron or Ekron, which preserves its name, and a little South-east of it is Gath. Returning again to the South of Judaea, which in the time of the second temple was called Daromas, now Da- rom, extending to the North and North-west of Idumasa, or the antient Edom, we find Gerara, or Gerar, and Ber- sabe, or Beersheba, the well of the oath, so often men- tioned in Scripture as the Southern limit of the country possessed by the children of Israel. North-east of it was Hebron the original name of which we find from the books of Moses was Kirjath-Arba. This was the burial- place of Abraham and his family, and is now called Cabr Ibrahim, or the Tomb of Abraham. North-west of Je- rusalem was Emmaus, recorded in sacred history as the place to which the two disciples were going to whom our Saviour showed himself after his resurrection, and in pro- fane, as the place where Vespasian defeated the revolted Jews. Directly North of Jerusalem was Bethel : a rug- ged mountainous country lay between Jerusalem and Hi- erichus, or Jericho, to the North-east. Below Jericho, towards the top of the Dead Sea, was Engaddi, celebra- 168 ted, like Jericho, for its palm-trees, as was all Judaea and Idumaea*. Samaria and Galilee lie above Judaea. In the former, the original royal city was Sichem, North of Jerusalem, afterwards called Neapolis, now Nablous ; it lay in a valley enclosed by Mount Ebal on the North-east, and Mount Geriziin on the South-west, from the former of which the curses, from the latter the blessings, attached to the law were read to the people by Joshua. At the foot of Mount Gerizim was the temple of the Samari- tans. The city of Samaria itself had been destroyed by the Asmonean princes, and was fortified and embellished by Herod, who called it Sebaste, in honour of Augus- tus: it was North of Sichem. But the principal city of Samaria was North-west of Samaria, in the plain of Megiddo, on the coast, called Csesarea, which was the seat of the Roman governors ; it was antiently called Turris Stratonis, but was made a magnificent city and port by Herod, who called it Caesarea, in honour of Au- gustus Caesar. Considerably below it, on the coast, was Joppa, now Jafa, known also in profane history, or fa- ble, as the spot where Andromeda is said to have been chained to a rock to be devoured by a sea-monster, from which she was rescued by Perseus. Inland, East of Joppa, but within the Judsean frontier, is Lydda, now Lody called by the Greeks Diospolis, and South-west of it is Arimathea. * Primus Idumseas referam tibi, Mantua, palmas. Virg. Georg. III. 12. Przeferat Herodis palmetis pinguibus. Hor. fli8t. II. 2. 184, 169 Above Samaria is Galilee, the lower part of which was called Galilaea Inferior, being principally inhabited by Jews, the upper part, or Galilsea Superior, adjoining Coelesyria, was called Galilsea Gentium, or Galilee of the Gentiles, or foreign nations. At the entrance into Gali- lee from Samaria was the city of Jesrael, situated in a spacious plain, to which it gave name, and which is still called the Plain of Esdrelon; North-west of it, along the coast, is Mount Carmel. At the North of Mount Carmel is the brook Kison, which rises in Mount Tabor, or Itabyrius, and flows into the sea a little below Ptole- mais, so called from the Ptolemies, kings of Egypt, but antiently Aco, and so memorable in the time of the cru sades, under the name of *flcre, for the exploits of our king Richard the First, and in our own time for the de- feat of Buonaparte by Sir Sidney Smith. South-east of Ptolemais was the strong city of Sepphoris, afterwards called Dio Csesarea, now Sefouri; South of it was Naza- reth, and a little South-east of Nazareth was Mount Ta- bor, or Itabyrius, thought by some to have been the scene of the Transfiguration, a little North of which was Cana of Galilee. Considerably South-east of Mount Ta- bor, near the Jordan, is Bethsan or Scythopolis, now Baitsan; it was the chief of the cities of Decapolis, or the ten confederate cities, which being not inhabited by Jews, formed a confederation for mutual protection against the Asmonean princes of Judaea. Between Mount Tabor and Scythopolis was Endor, near Mount Hermon, which must not be confounded with the great range of the same name East of the Jordan. South-east of Endor, was Gelbus or Gilboa, where Saul perished after his interview with the witch of Endor. The city Tiberias or Tabaricij so named by Herod Antipas in 170 honour of Tiberius Caesar, stood on the Western shore of the lake to which it gave name, which is also called the Sea of Gennesareth, from a pleasant district called Gen- nesar, near Capernaum, at the northern extremity of the lake*. A little North of Tiberias was Magdala, West of which was Bethulia, or Saphet, where the Jews were delivered by Judith from the power of Holofernes. Ca- pernaum stood about midway between Bethsaida, to the South, and Chorazin, upon the Northern point of the lake. North-west of the lake is Jotapata, where the Jewish historian Josephus sustained a siege against Ves- pasian. On the Northern confines of Palestine was the district of Trachonitis, in which was the city of Paneas, antiently Laish, which Herod's son Philip called Ca3sa- rea, and which received the addition of Philippi to dis- tinguish it from the Csesarea already noticed. A little West was Dan, the Northern boundary of the kingdom of Israel, as Bethel was, on the South. The country on the East of Jordan, between the two lakes, was called Paeera, perhaps from xtpctv beyond, ex- tending from the brook Arnon, which flows into the North-eastern end of the Dead Sea, to the mountains of Galaad, near the sea of Tiberias. At some distance from Jordan, and almost opposite to Jericho, are Mounts Aba- rim and Nebo, from which Moses had a view of the Promised Land. A little East of Mount Nebo is Hes- bon, and North-west of it the very strong fortress of Amathus, or Jlssalt^ commanding the plain of Aulon, or JEl-Gour, along the banks of the Jordan, considerably above which is Bethabara. North-east of Peraea is the * Mutth. xi. 21. 171 district called Galaaditis, from Mount Galaad, in which, on the brook Jabbok, is to be found Ramoth, or Ramoth Gilead. North of Galaaditis is Batanaea, or Batania, the antient territory of Og, king of Basan, South of which lay the possessions of Sihon, king of the Amo- rites. A strong fortress called Gaulon gave the name of Gaulonitis to the Eastern shores of the lake Gennesa- reth, at the Southern extremity of which was the im- pregnable fortress of Gamala; and near it Gadara, or the country of the Gadarenes, on the torrent Hieromax, or Yermak, so signalized by the fatal defeat of the Christian forces by the Saracens, under Abu Obeidah, November 9. A.D. 636. East of Gadara is Adraa, or Edrei, now Jldreat. Southward of this is Gerasa or Jerash, which contains many splendid remains of antiquity. North of the lake Mount Hermon separates Palestine, properly so called, from the adjacent countries of Trachonitis, (a rug- ged district, as its name imports, adjoining Coelesyria,) Itursea, and Auranitis, the chief city of which, Bostra, now JBosra, was the metropolis of a province formed un- der the name of Arabia. Below Auranitis was Ammo- nitis, or the land of the children of Ammon, whose chief city was Rabbath Ammon, called afterwards Philadel- phia, but now Jlmman; and below it was Moabitis, or the land of Moab, the chief city of which was Areopolis, or Rabbath Moab, now Maab, or El-Raba, and a little above it Aroer, near the river Arnon. We shall now briefly review the situation of the tribes of Israel when settled under Joshua. The largest por- tion was that of Judah, along the Western side of the lake Asphaltites, and West of Judah was Simeon, bor- dering on the Philistines, who occupied the Mediterra- 172 nean coast. North of Judah was the smaller tribe of Benjamin, in which was Jerusalem; and West of Benja- min the still smaller tribe of Dan, reaching to the coast, having the Philistines to the South. Above Dan and Benjamin was a considerable district, from the coast to Jordan, the portion of Ephraim; above Ephraim, extend- ing in a like manner, was half the tribe of Manasseh. The coast then became that of Syro-Phrenicia, along which, but rather inland, lay the tribe of Asser, forming a Western barrier to the three following tribes: Issa- char, (which lay above Manasseh, reaching to the South- ern extremity of the sea of Tiberias,) Nephtali, and Za- bulon. The whole North-western coast of the sea of Ti- berias, and as far as Dan, considerably North of it, was occupied by the tribe of Nephtali, and between Nephtali, Issachar, and Asser lay the tribe of Zabulon. The whole Eastern side of Jordan, to the Southern extremity of the Sea of Tiberias, was occupied by the other half tribe of Manasseh; below it was Gad, reaching about half way between the two lakes; and below it Reuben, reaching to the plains of Moab at the North-eastern corner of the Lacus Asphaltites. These two tribes and a half were the first settled, though their warriors crossed over Jordan to assist their brethren in subduing the Canaanites on the Western side. 173 CHAPTEU XIII. ORIENS. PART II. CONTAINING THE REMAINDER OF ASIA. A. G. PL I. XIV. XV. XVII. XX. A MORE succinct description may suffice in a work like this for the remainder of Asia. Arabia (PI. I. ) is divided into Arabia Petrsea, Arabia Felix, and Arabia Deserta. Arabia Petrsea extends from the South of Holy Land along the two gulfs which form the extremity of the Sinus Arabicus, being bordered by Egypt on the West, and Arabia Deserta on the East. That part of it which borders on Judaea was called Idu- maea, or Edom, and was possessed by the posterity of Esau. The Arabians in general recognize for their an- cestors Jectan, or Kahtan the son of Eber, and Ismael, the son of Abraham by his concubine Hagar. In Arabia Petroea were Mount Sinai and Horeb (PL XX.), between 174 the two gulfs, but nearer the Eastern gulf, which branches from the extremity of the Red Sea, and which was called ^Elanites, from the city of ^Elana, or Ailath, at its North- ern point. The other gulf was called the Sinus Hero- opolites, or the Gulf of Suez, from the city of that name built on it. The Nabathsei (PI. I.) were a nation of Ara- bia Petrasa, deriving their name from Nebaioth, the son of Ismael. Here was Madian, the country of Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses. Towards Dirse, or the Straights of Babel Mandeb, were the Sabasi, in Arabia Felix, or Yemen, East of which is the thurifera regio. The best frankincense being white, in Arabic Liban, Libanos also became a Greek name for it, corrupted among the mo- dern merchants into Olibanum. A little island, South of this region called Dioscoridis Insula, is now Socotora, whence the best aloes are brought. Off the coast of Arabia Deserta, in the Sinus Persicus (PI. XIV.), was the little island of Tylos, or Bahram, celebrated for its pearl fishery. At the top of the Persian Gulf, on each side of the Euphrates (PI. XIV.) is Babylonia; the part nearest the gulf is Chaldsea, which is sometimes taken for the name of the whole country. It is properly called Irak, a name which has extended to the adjacent country of Mesopo- tamia and part of Media, now Irak Jlrabi. The princi- pal city of Babylonia was Babylon, one of the most an- tient in the world, built by Belus, who is thought to have been the same with Nimrod. It is near a place now called Hellah, on the East bank of the Euphrates, about 47 miles South of Bagdad. It was surrounded with a prodigious strong wall, said to have been 480 sta- dia in circumference (an exaggeration probably for the 175 surrounding region, as this would give an enclosure of 60 miles), 50 cubits thick, and 200 cubits high. It was built by the celebrated Queen Semiramis, of bricks baked in the sun, and cemented with bitumen, abounding in the country. It was the residence afterwards of Nebuchad- nezzar, who destroyed Jerusalem, June 9, B. C. 587, and transplanted the Jews to this country, and was taken by Cyrus, B.C. 538, according to the prediction of the Jewish prophets, after he had diverted the waters of the Euphrates into a new channel, and marched his troops by night into the town through the antient bed of the river. The city is said to have been so large that the inhabitants at the opposite extremity did not know of its fate till the next evening. However, when we consider that the Eastern cities contained enclosures for the pas- ture and protection of cattle during a siege, there is not reason to think that the inhabited part of Babylon was larger than London. A full account of the seige is to be seen in Herodotus. Babylon also is memorable for the death of Alexander the Great, April 21, B.C. 323. It is now in ruins; but the vestiges of the temple of Belus remain. After the death of Alexander, Seleucus Nicator founded a city called Seleucia a little above it, on the Tigris, which he designed for the capital of the East, and the kings of Parthia founded one on the other side called Ctesiphon, which they made their ordinary residence : they are now called #/ Modain, or the two cities. A little below Ctesiphon is the river Gyndes, which was an impediment to Cyrus in his march to Babylon, who lost his favourite horse there: in revenge he divided it into 360 channels, so that it might be forded only knee-deep. The Chaldeans or Babylo- 176 mans, as is well known, were greatly addicted to as- trology *. Above Babylon is Mesopotamia (PL XV.), lying, as its name imports, between the two rivers, the Euphrates, which divides it from Syria on the West, and the Tigris, which separates it from Assyria on the East. Towards the Southern boundary of Babylonia, the rivers approach each other so as to make it considerably narrower than on the confines of Armenia, its Northern frontier. The lower part of Mesopotamia is now Irak *fl.rabi, the up- per Diar Bekr. The North-western part of Mesopota- mia was called Osroene, from Osroes, a prince who wrested from the Seleucida3 a principality here, about B.C. 120. Its capital was called by the Macedonians Edessa, now Or ha, or Orfa. South-west of Edessa, at the pass of Zeugma, was a city called Apamea, and South-east of it Carrhag, a very antient city, the Charran of Scripture, from which Abraham departed for the land of Canaan, and the fatal spot at which Crassust, the Ro- man triumvir lost his life, in his expedition against the Parthians, who cut off his head, and poured melted gold down his throat, B.C. 53, A.U.C. 701. The inhabitants were greatly addicted to Sabaism, or the worship of the * Tu ne quajsieris, scire nefas, quern mihi quern tibi Fin em Dii dederint, Leuconoe, nee Babylonios Tentaris numeros. Hor. Od. I. 11. 1, Principis angusta Caprearum in rupe sedentis Cum grege Chaldzeo. Ju-v. Sat. X. 93. t Miserando funere Crassus Assyrias Latio maculavit sanguine Carras. Lucan. I. 104. 177 host of heaven, particularly the moon, under the mascu- line denomination of the Deus Lunus. The antient name of Charran is still retained in Haran. Descending the Euphrates, nearly opposite to Thapsacus in Syria, we find Circesium, on the river Chaboras: the emperor Dio- clesian fortified this city, and made it a frontier of the empire; it is now called Kirkesieh. In Xenophon's ac- count of the expedition of Cyrus the Chaboras is called the Araxes. A little below Circesium is the tomb of the younger Gordian, who was killed there by Philip, who himself succeeded to the Roman empire, A.D. 245. Be- low it, at a bend of the Euphrates, is Anatho, or %/inah; below this on the confines of Babylonia, near a canal which joined the Euphrates and Tigris, was the celebra- ted plain of Cunaxa, where Cyrus was defeated and slain by Artaxerxes, B.C. 401. 01. 94. 4. From this spot the 10,000 Greek auxiliaries of Cyrus commenced their immortal retreat, of which so interesting a history is given by Xenophon, who was himself one of their gene- rals, and ultimately their chief. Nearly opposite to Edessa, but East, and rather nearer the Tigris than the Euphrates, was Nisibis, or Nisbon, the most important station in Mesopotamia, and long a frontier of the Ro- man empire, till it was ceded to Sapor, king of Persia, by the treaty which was made after the death of Julian, A.D. 363, and below it was Singara, now Singar. Above Mesopotamia is Armenia (PL XVII.), bounded towards the South also by Assyria, on the West by the Euphrates, which separates it from that part of Cappado- cia called Armenia Minor, after which a ridge of Anti- Taurus separates it from Pontus; on the North it is bounded by Colchis and Iberia, and. on the East by the 23 178 barbarous nations North of Media, It was a province particularly fluctuating between the Persians and Ro- mans, lying as it were between the two empires. North- east of the river Lycus, which flows into the Euphrates, was Arza, now Erze-Roum, signifying that it belonged to the empire of the Greeks or Roumelia. Eastward is a district called Phasiana, through which the Araxes*, or, as Xenophon calls it, the Phasis, flows, giving name to the country: the beautiful birds which we call phea- sants still preserve in their name the traces of their na- tive country. The Araxes, or J2ras, flows from West to East till it falls into the Caspian, a little South of the river Cyrus, now the Kur or Terek ; and the Euphrates flows from East to West, from its fountains in Mount Ararat, till its approach to the Syrian frontier. Still proceeding Eastward, along the Araxes, South-east of Mount Ararat, was Artaxatat, a celebrated and strong royal city. Returning Westward, between the principal stream of the Euphrates and Mount Masius, which forms the barrier of Mesopotamia and Armenia, the district xvas called Sophene, now Zoph. In this district, a little above Mons Masius, was Amida, now Kara-Jimid^ or Diar-Btkr, a celebrated city in the lower Roman em- pire. East of it, at the foot of Mons Niphates, among the Carduchi, was Tigranocertat, built by Tigranes in the Mithridatic war: it was taken by Lucullus, who * - Pontem indignatus Araxes. Virg. jEn. VIII. 728. f Sic prastextatos referunt Artaxata mores. . Sai. ii. iro. Horace has been thought to allude to it in his story of the soldier of Lucullus, who having been robbed of his accumulated savings, 179 found a great treasure there. We should not forget that Niphates* has been thought by some to be the Jirarat on which the Ark rested after the Deluge, which, how- ever, is much more to the North-east. Eastward of Mons Niphates is the Arsissa Palus, a large salt lake now called the lake of Van. Colchis, the celebrated scene of the fable of the Golden Fleece and the Argonautic expedition, is bounded by Armenia on the South, by the head of the Euxine on the West, by Iberia on the East, and by Mount Caucasus on the North : it is now called Mingrelia. Its principal river was the Phasis, or Faz-Rione, preserving both its own name and that of the Rheon, a stream which flows into it. Its principal cities were JEa, on the river Phasis, and Cyta, within land, on the Rheon, where Medea was born, who is hence called Cytasist. Iberia, now called Imeriti and Georgia, is bounded on the West by Colchis, on the North by Mount Caucasus, Presidium regale loco dejecit, ut aiunt, Summe munito et multarum divite rerum. Hor.Efiist.il. 2. 30. But I cannot think this interpretation sufficiently authorised by the words of the poet. * Horace, speaking of the conquests of Augustus, says Nova Cantemus August! tropaea Cae saris, et rigidum Niphatem, Medumque flumen gentibus additum Victis minores volvere vortices, Hor. Od, II. 9. 18. f Non hie herba valet, non hie nocturna Cytaeis. Pro fieri Elfg. II. 4. 180 on the East by Albania, and on the South by Armenia. This country and Albania contained some very strong passes, which were fortified against the inroads of the more Northern and still more barbarous tribes of Mount Caucasus; that in Iberia was called Pylsa Caucasia?, or the gates of Caucasus, and was about midway between the Euxine and Caspian seas; that in Albania, between Caucasus and the Caspian, was called Pylse Albania?, or Caspise, which was afterwards the celebrated strong city of Derbend. The country beyond Caucasus, between the Palus Maeotis and the Caspian, was called Sarmatia Asiatica, and was inhabited by barbarous and roving tribes, who, after the lapse of ages, seem but little civi- lized. Immediately above the Sinus Persicus, or Persian Gulf, is Persia (PI. XIV.), bounded by it on the South, by the Tigris and Babylonia on the West, by Media and Assyria on the North, and by Carmania on the East. It is called in Scripture Paran, and preserves that name in its modern term Fars. That part of it which approaches Babylonia is called Susiana, or Khuristan, which was divided into two districts, the larger to the North, called Elymais, from the Elymsei, who inhabited it, and the more Southerly and maritime, but smaller district, Cis- sia, in which was its capital Susa, or Susan, a word sig- nifying, in the language of the country, Lilies; it is now Suster. This was generally the winter residence of the Persian kings, who in summer retired to the cooler situ- ation of Ecbatana. The fiver Choaspes* whose waters were so excellent that the kings of Persia would drink * Rfegia lympha Choaspes. Tibull. I, 4. 140. 181 no other, rune by Susa; and below it is the Eulseus, or Ulai of Scripture, which is joined by the Pasi-Tigris near the mouth of the United rivers Tigris and Eu- phrates. In Persis, or Persia properly so called, was Persepolis, burnt by Alexander; its ruins are still very magnificent, and are known by the name of Tshelmi- nar, or the forty, i. e. the many columns. Below it was an ancient royal city called Pasargada, where was the tomb of Cyrus; it is still called Pas a Kuri. North of Persepolis, towards Media, was Aspadana, now Ispa- han. Carmania, now Kerman, is bounded by Persia on the West, Media and Aria on the North, Gedrosia on the East, and the Sinus Persicus on the South. The limit between it and Persia was fixed by Alexander's admiral, Nearchus, at the island of Cata3a, or Kais, in the Persian Gulf, remarkable as a great emporium of commerce till it was superseded by Ormus, or Ormuz, a little East of it. The capital of Carmania was Carmana, or Kerman, South-east of Persepolis. Gedrosia is bounded by Carmania on the West, Ara- chosia on the North, the Indus on the East, and the Erythrseum Mare on the South. , It is now called Mek- ran. In passing through this country the army of Alex- ander underwent very great hardships from want of pro- visions and water, and from columns of moving sand, which had previously destroyed the armies of Semiramis and Cyrus. Its principal city was Pura, now Fohrea. Assyria (PL XV.) is separated by the Tigris from Mesopotamia on the West, and is bounded by Armenia im on the North, Media on the East, and Babylonia on the South. It is now called Kurdistan, from the Carduchi, a people in its Northern parts, between Media and Ar- menia. It was the most antient of the four great empires of the world, and had for its capital Ninus, or Nineveh, so often mentioned in Scripture, founded by Ninus, on the Tigris. Its site is now supposed to be occupied by a village called Nunia. South-east of Ninus was Arbe- la, or Erbil; and on the opposite side of the Zabata, or Zab, somewhat North-east of Ninus, was the fatal plain of Gaugamela, where the third and decisive battle was fought between Alexander and Darius, Oct. 2, B.C. 331, 01. 112, 2, which put an end to the Persian empire. Gaugamela being an obscure place, this battle was gene- rally called the battle of Arbela. Media (PI. XIV.) is bounded by Assyria on the West, and is separated from Armenia by the Araxes, and is farther bounded on the North by the shore of the Cas- pian, on the East by Aria, and on the South by Persia. Media is now called Irak-J^jami^ or Persian Irak, to dis- tinguish it from Irak-awi, which flows through Nubia to a place called Coloe Palus, or JBahr Dembect, was known to the antients, and was mis- taken by Mr. Bruce for the Nile: the real Nile or Bahr el Jlbiadj flows far to the South-west of this, and its sources are still unknown, but are placed in a chain of mountains called the Mountains of the Moon, South of the Nubae. Mem nones; and by the Arabian geographers, our only authority, the Niger or Gir of the antients, call- ed by them the Nile of the Negroes, empties itself into 207 an immense lake in which the Nile rises*. Under the names of Agyzymba and Azania the antients seem to have known the coasts of Zanguebar and Jljan-, nor ought we to omit mentioning that the Ophir of Solomon * The Niger lias been ascertained to flow from West to East, and in the interior of Africa to form a very considerable river. In order to enable it to form a junction with the Nile in some great lake in the interior, we must suppose some practicable passage by which the Niger may descend regularly from West to East, and by the continuance of which the Nile may also descend from West to North-east till it takes its Northern direction through Egypt, where it flows nearly from South to North, In other words, no chain of Mountains must be so situated between the Niger and the Nile as to prevent their meeting, by breaking the level. This was asserted to be the case by the antient geographers, but being contrary to general experience on such an extent of the earth's surface, was contradicted by the most intelligent of the later geo- graphers; yet it appears from the late discoveries of Mr. Park, that the Niger undoubtedly flows from West to East, and I there- fore hope I may be allowed, with becoming diffidence, to express an opinion of the possiblity of a fact which has nothing but pre- sumptive evidence to contradict it, and which has some, though certainly weak authority, in its favour. I merely mean to say, that it is not impossible; and that as the Apurimac flows from the Western side of South America to the North-eastern, the Niger may flow from the Western side of Africa to the Eastern, till stopped by the mountains of Abyssinia and ./Ethiopia, when it would naturally form an immense lake, from which its course may be continued under the name of the Nile; and the increase of that lake and its tributary waters by periodical rains may cause the periodical innundations of the Nile; and the latest discoveries tend to confirm this opinion. Since this note was first written in 1812, an immense, lake cal- led Tsad y has been found in Bornou, inlo which a great river, called the Shary, flows; and although the identity of this river 08 has been thought to be the modern Sofala. The Gara- mantes have been already mentioned, and it merely re- mains to notice their western neighbours, the Nigritiae, in Negroland, or Nigritia, and the Hesperii JEthiopes, in Guinea. On the Western coast of the Atlantic the Fortunate Insulae, or Canary Islands, were known to the an- tients, and were thought to be the residence of the bless- ed after death *. Below them were the Hesperidum In- sulas, either the Cape Verde Islands, or, if these are thought too far from the coast, possibly some small islands called the Bissagos lying a little above Sierra Leone. Here was the famous garden of the Hesperides, and the Golden Apples, the attainment of which was one of the labours of Hercules, who carried them off, having slain the watchful dragon that guarded the fruit. with the Niger is questionable, and also the existence of any out- let from the lake which may form the Nile, I cannot consider th negative as distinctly proved, and the very existence jof this lake at least gives a colour to the hypothesis above mentioned. * Ereptum Stygiis fluctibus ^acum Virtus, et favor, et lingua potentium Vatum, divitibus consecrat insulis. Hor. Od. IV. 8. 25. Arva, beata Petamus arva, divites et insulas. Reddit ubi Cererem tellus inarata quot annis Et imputata floret usque vinea, Hor. Efiod, XVI. 4,1 . ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. ABOUKIR, victory of Abraham, the inherit- ance of his seed Abraham and his family, burial place of Abu Obeidah Academia Achaia, states of, where assembled Achilles sent to the court of LycomedeS". Acro-ceraunian moun- tains, dreaded by ma- riners Acropolis of Athens.**. Actium, battle of Admetus, king of Pherae Adonis, a fabulous in- cident attending his death ./Egates Insulse, battle of jEgialus king of ^Egialea JEgos Potamos, battle of .flLneas, the conductress of the trumpe- ter of burial place of the nurse of ./Eolians ^Eolus, supposed dwell- ing of jEsculapius., by whom worshipped ^tna, its eruptions de- scribed JEtolians, their alliance with the Romans Africa, account of peopled with monsters 27 INDEX. Page 102 165 167 171- 103 96 127 116 102 111 113 164 53 92 122 39 36 92 55 93 51 110 188 'bid. Agamemnon, beacons of royal city of ts- ibid. 61.74 62 79 101 147 103 131 76 186 ibid. 186 152 154 165 175 181 182 ' 201 MH. 1st and 2d wall of Ajax, birth-place of***. Aiosoluc, a corruption of Alesia, famous siege of Alexander gives battle to Porus" weeps that he can advance no further* visits the mouth of the Indus perilous situa- tion of the army of**. his narrow es- his capture of scene of his hardships of and Darius, 3d and decisive battle be- founder of Alexandria Alexandria, the great mart for Eastern mer- chandize before the discovery of the Cape 110 ANTIJEMT GEOGRAPHY. IKDEX. Alexandrian library 201 Alpis Cottia, or Cottian Alps, why so called* 74 Alcinous king 131 Amaltheum, the country- seat of Atticus 116 Amathusia, a name of Venus -133 Amazons 141 Amphiaraus Ill Amphilochus ibid. Amyclae, why called Ta- citse 94 Amyclas, founder of Amyclx ibid. Anacreon, birth-place of 146 Anastasius, emperor*..* 123 Anaxagoras, birth-place of. 146 AnaximenessavesLamp- sacus 142 birth-place of 149 Antient world described 25 Greeks and Ro- mans, their knowledge of theworldvery confined ibid. Andalusia, whence de- rived 69 Andromache,birth-place of 144 Andromeda 168 Antenor 29 Antigonus 156 Antioch, our Lord's dis- ciples fi rstcalledChris- tians there 161 Antiochian Daphne..-. 161. 163 Antiochus Eupator 103 Antiochus, king of Sy- ria 85.144.148 Antipater, besieged by the Athenians 113 escape of ibid. Antoninus, wall of 61 Antony 30 Apelles, birth-place of. 1 32 Apellicon of Teios, pur- chaser of Aristotle's writings 144 Apion, last of the Ptole- mies 198 Page Apis, king of Apia 92 Apollo 110 temple of 54.111 where worship- ped 94 abode of 107 birth-place of 128 Sminthian 144 residence of .... 127 Apollonius Rhodius*... 124 Tyanensis,birth- place of 157 Apuleius, birth-place of 195 Arabs, their origin 173 Arcadia, the celebrated pastoral coun- try of the poets 97 whence it derives its name (N.) 98 Archemorus 93 Archipelago, a corrup- tion, whence derived 134 Archon, court of the chief 103 Areopagus, court of.... 102 Arginusse, battle of 145 Argo, the famous ship. -113.124 . Argonautic expedition- 114.179 Ariadne 129 Aristotle, birth-place of 119 library and writings of 144 Ark of Noah, where said to have rested 179 Arminius, a commander of the Cherusci 82 Artemisia,queenofCaria 150 Asdrubal, defeated by Liv. Salinator and Claudius Nero 35 Asia Minor, description of 136 twelve of its ci- ties destroyed by an earthquake. 149 Asian water-fowl 147 Atalanta, native place of 98 Atarneus 145 Atergatis, the Syrian goddess 163 Athenians, defeat of, in Sicilly -52 Athens, topography of* 101 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Ill Page Athos, monasteries of. .119.134 cut through by Xerxes 119 its shadow 126 Atropates 182 Attalus leaves the king- dom of Pergamus to the Romans 145 Attala 41 Aventine Hill, why of ill omen 38 Augustin, St 191 birth-place of 195 Augustus, celebrated li- brary of. 33 residence of ibid. restores the kingdom of Numidia to Juba 191 rebuilds Car- thage 194 Aurelian, the emperor* 164 Ausonia, whence derived 27 Babylon, description of. 174 walls of ibid. taken by Cyrus 175 Babylonians, addicted to astrology 176 Bacchus 102 temple of ibid. where worshipped 128 founder of the temple of Jupi- ter Ammon* 198 Baise, palaces of Roman nobles at 39 Bajazet, his defeat of the Christian army, &c. 89 conquered by Ti- mour the Great 140 Balbec,' ruins of 162 Battle of Aboukir 202 Actium Ill Arbela 182 Beneventum** 42 Cannx 44 Caudium 42 Cunaxa 177 Guagamela 182 Page Battle of Granicus 142 Ipsus 156 Issus 155 Leuctra 105 Marathon 104 Methone 118 near the river Me- taurus 35 of Munda 69 Pavia 32 Pharsalia .... 115 Philippi 121 Placentia 30 Platrea 105 Salamis 101 Saltus Teuto- bergiensis 82 Thapsus 191.194 Thermopylae 109 Ticinus 193 Trasymenus ibid. Trebia 30.193 Zama 193.195 Pattus,founder of Cyrene 198 Belisarius 192 Bellerophon 151 sent against the Solymi 152 Bellona, of the Eastern nations, the goddess of Love 141 temple of, plun- dered by An- tony 157 Bells, where invented*. 40 Belus 174 temple of 162 Bias, birth-place of.... 148 Boadicea, defeated by Suetonius Paulinus. ... 59 Bocchus 189.191 Breeches whence de- rived (N.) 73 Brennus 139 Bridges, the longest in Europe 88 Briseis 145 Britain, peopled from Gaul 57 divided into pro- vinces 59 113 ANTJENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page Browne, Mr. an English traveller 199 Bruce, Mr. mistook the Astapus for the Nile 106 Brutus, where besieged 30 rescued ibid. Bucephalus, the famous horse of Alexander- 186 Buonaparte defeated by Sir Sidney Simlh*..* 169 Cabiri, the 125 Cadmus, founder of Thebes.-. 106 the Phoenician 164 Cxsar lands in Britain-. 58 resisted at Ilerda or Lerida 67 from what place of Gaul he em- barked to in- vade Britain-.. 58.79 his landing-place in Britain 58 his concise ac- count of his vic- tory over Phar- naces 141 his victoiy over Metellus Scipio in Africa 195 passes the Rubi- con 33 Calais and Zethus 130 Calisto, story of (N.) 98 Calvary, Mount 167 Calydonian boar- hunt* 210 CambyseSjhis armyover- whelmed by the sands in the deserts of Africa 200 destroys Thebet 205 Cannae, battle of 44 Capitol 38 Cappadocians refused their liberty 157 Caractacus defeated by Ostorius Scapula.... 159 Carian, a name for slaves 149 Carthage, a colony of Tynans..- 192 Page Carthage,called Cartha- da by its foun- ders and Car- chedon by the Greeks 193 destroyed by Scipio Afri- canus Minor 194 Carthaginian brothers, two buried alive ...... 197 Carthaginians, defeated by the Romans off the Agates Insulx 53 Cartismandua, queen of the Brigantes 59 Cassander 118 Castalides, a name of the Muses 107 Castor and Pollux,birth- placeof 94 Cato, death of 192 the elder 194 his march along the Syrtes in- fested by ser- pents 19-7 Catullus, birth-place of 29 Caucasian passes 180 Caudmm,whycelebrated 42 Ceramicus 103 Cerberus, dragged from hell by Hercules-... 138 Chxronea, battles of 106 Chares,pupilofLysippus 132 Cherries brought from Pontus into Italy by Lucullus 141 Chian wine 131 Chimera, the fabulous monster 151 China, whether known to the antients 185 Choaspes, its waters drank by the Persian kings 180 Christ, the scene of his birth, suffer- ings, and death 165 his appearance to the two disci- ples going to Emmaus 167 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. 113 Page Christian forces,defeated by the Saracens, under AbuObeidah 171 Chryses, father of Chry- seis 144 Chrysostom, St. , place of his banishment 157 Churches, Seven, men- tioned by St. John .in the Revelation 145. 147, 148 Cicero, birth-place of 37, 38 celebrated villa of y 38 proconsul of Ci- licia 155.162 his pretensions to a triumph"- 155 Cimbri defeated by Ma- rius 29 Claudia, the Roman ves- tal (N.) 139 Claudius,em peror,f ound- er of Archelais 157 Cleopatra, account of her visit to Antony 154 Clodius, death of 49 Colonis, hill of 103 Colophon, in printing ex- plained 147 Colossus of Rhodes 133 Constantinople, Roman empire transferred to 123 Constantinople taken by the Turks ibid. Copts 200 Corey ra, sedition of 130 Corinth, destroyed by Memmius the Roman general 96 Coronea, battle of 106 Corsica, by whom colo- nized"* 55 by whom peo- pled ibid. by whom taken ibid. why celebrated ibid. Corey cian Cave 108 Cottian Alps 74 Council of Trent 86 Countries North of the Baltic, thought by Page the antients to consist of a number of islands (N.) 83 Crassus, Roman tri- umvir, scene of his death 176 Cretans, skilled in arch- ery 129 Croesus, residence of- 148 captivity of ibid. oracle given to 138 Cumxan Sibyl, residence of 146 Curetes, or Idaei Dac- tyli, worship of 129 Cybele, worship of ... 129. 139 imageof 140 Cyclades, why so called 129 Cyllenius, a name given to Mercury 99 Cynetheans, their rus- ticity, how accounted for ibid. Cynosarges 102 Cyrene, bequeathed to theRomans 198 Cyrus, his expedition against Arta- xerxes 163 defeated and slain by Artaxerxes 177 tomb of 181 founder of Cy- roschata 184 takes Babylon.... 174 Cytxis, a name given to Medea 174 Cytherea, a name of Venus 130 Daedalus 129 Danube, an account of the countries South of the 85 where it changes its name 88 Trajan's bridge over it ibid. D'Anville, a trifling error of 135 Dardanelles of Lepanto 96 114 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page Darius defeated byAlex- ander at Issus 155. 163 Darwin, Dr., his de- scription of the army of Cambyses over- whelmed by the sand (N.) 198 David 166 Daunia, whence derived 43 Daunus, king of Apulia ibid. Deiotarus,Cicero'sfriend 140 Cicero's Ora- tion in fa- vour of.*" ibid. Delhi, city of, taken by Timur-leng (N. ) 186 Dellium, defeat of the Athenians at 105 Delos, its sanctity 128 antient names of ibid. thoughtmoveable antiently ibid. Delphi, oracle of 108 DemetriusPoliorcetes* '114.156 Democritus, birth-place of 121 Demophoon 119 Demosthenes, the place where he poisoned himself 93 Demosthenes, death -of 113 Derbe, whence deri- ved 172 Diana, celebrated temple and statue of. 104 statue of, carried off by Xerxes* ibid. birth-place of...- 128 templeof 147 Dido, her stratagem in founding Carthage. 192 Dindymene, a name of Cybele 139 Dioclesian 176 Diogenes, birth-place of 139 Diomede, founder of the city of Arpi and Canu- sium 44 DionysiusHalicarnassen- sis, birth-place of 150 Dorian colonies * 92. 100 Page Drusus, the projector of a canal which now forms the ZuyderZee... 81 subdues the Ge- nauni 32 Eburones, a people of Gallia, who were extir- pated by Cxsar 79 a Roman le- gion slaugh- tered bythem ibid. Egypt,thenurseofthearts 200 its revolutions. ibid. Egyptian kings, sepul- chres of 205 Elagabalus, temple of 162 Elatea, city of, taken by- Philip 108 Eleusinian Ceres, ac- count of the removal of the statue of 101 Eleusinian mysteries* 100 abo- lished by the emperor Theodosius 101 Elijah, scene of his mira- cles 165 Ennius, birth-place of. 45 Epaminondas, death of. 98 memorable victory of ibid. his defeat of the La- cedaemo- nians* 105 Eponymi, statues of 102 Eriphyle Ill Ery threan Sibyl 146 Esau 173 Etrurians, their origin* 33 addicted to soothsaying ibid. Eumenes, king of Perga- mus 144 library of, containing 200,000 volumes*, ibid- ANTIENT GEOOHAFHT. INDEX. 115 Euphrates, diverted into a new chan- nel Euphrates, fords of Euripides, tomb of Exarchs of Ravenna- Page 174 163 119 30 Forms; to which some countries have been thought antiently to beararesemblance(N.) 56 Fortune, temple of, at Antium(N.) 36 FossWay 64 Four Empires of the An- tient World 182 Gael 72 Galen, birth-place of. - 145 Galilee of the Nations- 166 Gallia, division of 72 altered by Augustus 72 Gaugamela, battle of 182 Gaulish tribes have left the name of the people to the capital of the province 75 Gaulish priestesses 78 Gauls, a colony of, in Asia Minor 139, 140 Gelimas, the last king of the Vandals 191 Cell's Sir W. description of the plain of Troy 143 Gergovia, famed for its long resistance against Caesar 75 Germania, division of- 81 Germanicus defeats the Cherusci-"" 82 Gibraltar, a corruption, whence derived 70 Glaucus, residence of. 106 the Ly cian hero 151 Golden Apples 208 Fleece 179 Gordian, the tomb of ' 177 knot, cut by Alexander-. 140 Gorgons, their fabled re- sidence * 195 Grzecia Antiqua, de- scription of a name of Greece unknown in the Roman Law(N.) Granicus, battle of Grasshoppers, golden, worn by the ancient Athenians Grecian chronology, epoch of fleet returning from theseige of Troy, wrecked off Caphareus* islands, descrip- tion of Greece, reduced to a Ro- man province (N. ) its size Gregory Nazianzen, birth-place of Nyssen, birth- place of Gyndes, diverted into 360 channels by Cyrus Hadrian, description of his rampart Halicarnassus, besieged by Alexander Hannibal, banished Car- thage........ his 2nd victory place of his crossing the Alps (N.)-- theRomans de- feated byhim his memorable defeat of the Romans .... his route over the Alps-... betrayed tomb of destroyed by birth-place Harpies Hercules Hecatacus, of Helabas, supposed resi- dence of the first pa- rent of mankind Page 91 ibid. 142 116 96 127 125 91 28 157 ibid. 175 61 150 194 30 31 32 34 74 137 138 105 149 187 116 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page Hellas, a name of Greece unknown to Homer' 91 Helle, sister of Phryxus 122 Heraclitus,birth-placeof 150 Herculaneum over- whelmed 41 Hercules, death of 112 hisvictoryover the Nemsean Lion 93 favourite resi- dence of ' ibid. hiscontestwith theriver-god Achelous**. 110 pillars of 69.190 Hercynian Forest 84 Hermse, vestibule of. - 102 Hermin Street 64 Hero,a priestess of Venus 122 Herod 168 Antipas 169 Herodotus,birth-placeof 150 his account of Egyptian Thebes 205 Hesiod, birth-place of. 107 Hesperides, garden of the 197.208 Hills of Rome 37 Hippocrates, birth-place of 132 Hippolytus of Euripides, scene of 93 Holy Land 159 Homer, his epithet of Nestor 96 his terms for an- tient Greece.- 91 and Virgil's lad- der of the giants com- pared and il- lustrated 114 reputed birth- place of 131,146 placeswhichcon- test his birth-. 131 Horace, his retreat 37 illustrated 67 a tribune in the Bag* Horace, interpretation of (N.) 179 Hornemann, Mr., his ac- count of the Oasis of Siwah (N.) 199 IdxiDactyli 129 Jectan, or Kahtan, son ofEber 173 Jerusalem topography of 166 destroyed by Titus 167 destroyed by Nebuchad- 175 republicanarmy at PhilipDi 121 nezzar ... Jethro, father-in-law to Moses 174 Ikenild Street 64 Iliad, whether written by Homer 131 Imaus, chains of 185 John, St., banished to Patmos 132 Ionia, whence derived* 145 Ionian colonies 92.100 Josephus, the historian*. 170 Iphigenia in Taurus, scene of 90 sacrifice of... 105 Ipsus, battle of 156 Ismael, son of Abraham by Hagar 174 Isaurian and Cilician pi- rates destroyed by Pompey 152,153 Isauricus, a name given to Publius Servilius 152 Issus, battle of 155 Isthmian Games, where celebrated 97 Italia, whence derived*. 27 bounded 28 Italian Islands 50 Juba 191 Judith delivers the Jews from Holof ernes 170 Jugurtha 191 Jugurthine war ibid. Julia, daughter of Au- gustus ..; 36 Julian, death of 177 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. 117 Page Juno Lacinia, temple of 47 where worshipped 132 JupiterAmmon,templcof 177 temple of, its site discovered 198 Jupiter Olympius 95 where nursed- 129 fed by bees 130 birth-place of**** 129 Urius, celebrated temple of .... 138 father of Bacchus 198 Juvenal, the occasion of his 15th satire 205 hi splaceof exile 206 KaliphatofAbdel-Melek 194 Kypt, a name of Egypt 200 Labyrinth, the Cretan 129 Egyptian.*** 204 L x. strigonian wine 52 Leander 122 Learning, restoration of 123 Legio, Leon, whence it derived its name ... 67 Lemnian women, massa- cre committed by them 126 Leonidas, memorable stand made by . 109 Lei nean Hydra, descrip- tion of 94 Lesbian Wine 131 Leucate, rock of Ill Leuctra, battle of 105 Libany Libanos 174 Libethrides, a name of the Muses 107 Liburnian ships in the battle of Actium .... 87 Library of Eumenes, re- moved to Alexandria by Antony and Cleo- patra 145 Library, Alexandrian**. 201 said to have been burnt by the Saracens.... 201 Palatine 38 Lisbon, whence derived ibid. Livy, birth-place of .... 29 Page Locri Ozolae, why so called 108 Lollius Urbicus 62 Longinus 164 Lucan, birth-place of- ... 70 his description of Cato's army attacked by serpents 197 Lucian, birth-place of 163 Lucrine lake 41 Lucullus 179 LudiAtellani 51 Lustrum, its period*.*. 96 Lutatius Catulus 52 Lycxum 103 Lysander, Athenian fleet destroyed by 122 Lysimachus 146. 156 Ma:cenas,descendedfrom the antient kings of Tuscany (N.) 33 splendid palace of, &c. 38 Mamalius, a name of Pan 98 Mzeonius, a name of Ho- mer 146 Magna Grsecia, why so called 43 Mago, a Carthaginian general 71 Mahomet II. 123 Mantinea, battle of * * . . 98 Marathon, battle of.... 104 Marbles of Carystos .... 126 Pentelicus 103 Paros 128 Synnada*... 153 Marcellus takes Syracuse 52 Mardonius*..* 105 Marius, birth-place of 37 defeats the Cimbri 29 defeats Jugurtha 189 hiding-place of 36 Maroboduus, king 83 Marseilles, founded by the Phoceeans 74.146 Marsyas,flayedby Apollo 156 Martial, birth-place of 68 Massinissa 190 Mausolus.......... 150 113 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page Medea, her birth-place 180 Melchisedec, king of Sa- lem 166 Meleager, country of 110 Melesigenes, a name of Homer 146 Memnon, statue of 205 Menelaus 203 Messenians expell'd their country 95 Metellus Scipio Micipsa 191 Milliarium Aureum, or Golden Milestone 39 Milo, birth-place of 46 Miltiades, his defeat of the P ersian army 1 04 Mimnermus, birth-place of 147 Minerva, temple of 104 Minos 129 Minotaur ibid. Misraim, son of Ham---- 200 Mithridates 158 Moeris, lake 168 Mons Casius, its report- ed height 162 Morea, whence derived 92 Moses, whence he viewed the Promised Land- 170 Munda, battle of 69 Mycale, battle of 147 Myron, his statue of the ox 126 Naples, antient name of 39 Navigation by whom in- vented^ 163 Nearchus 181 Nebaioth, son of Ismael 173 Nebuchadnezzar 175 Negropont, a corruption, whence derived 126 Neleus, scholar of Theo- phrastus 144 Nelson, Lord, his victory viAboukir 202 Nemean games 93 Nemesis, temple of 104 Neptune, temple of 54 Nero, his vain attempt to cut through the isthmus of Corinth .... 97 Page Nestor, country of 96 theGerenian-.." ibid. Nicsea, general council of, held under Con- stantine the Great 137 Nicander, birth-place of 147 Nicene Creed 137 Niger, conjectures on its course, and possible junction with the Nile (N.) 207 Nile, its sources not dis- covered by Mr. Bruce 206 cataracts of ibid. some conjectures respecting its sources (N.)... 207 Nimrod 174 Ninus, founder of Nine- veh 182 Niobe, residence of 148 Nomes, or Prefectures- 201 Numantia, famous for its residence of the Roman armies 67 destroyed by Scipio Afri- canus Minor ibid. Odeum 102 Odyssey ,whetherwritten by Homer 131 CEdipus Coloneus, scene of the tragedy 103 of scene of his exposure 104 CEnotrus 27 Og, king of Basan 171 Olibanum, a corruption ofLibanos 174 Olympias put to death by Cassander 117 Olympic Games 95 chronological epoch <> ibid. period of ibid. when instituted ibid. Omar, Caliph, said to have destroyed the Alexandrian library- 201 Onias, builder pf Onion 203 ANTIKNT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page Orestes, his lustration- 124 Oriens, description of- 159 Osroes 176 Otho defeated by Vitellus 29 Ovid, birth-place oi 42 when born SO where banished 79 Oysters, where found- 57 Padua founded by Ante- nor 29 Palace, whence derived 38 Palatine library ibid. Palestine, its size 165 Pan, a favourite resi- dence of 98 Pansa and Hirtius, their death 30 Parchment, origin of- 145 Parnassus, its summit- 108 Parrhasius, a son of Ju- piter 98 Parthenon 102 Parthian monarchs, resi- dence of 182 Parthians, original seat of 183 Paul, St his shipwreck- 87 his commenda- tion of the Beroeans-... 119 birth-place of 154 Pausanias--.. 105 Pearl fishery 174 Pegasus, fabled effect of the hoof of. 107 Pekin, unknown to the ancients 185 Pelasgus,kingof Pelasgia 92 Peloponnese, its size.. 19 Pclops, king of Pelopon- nese ibid. Percote, given by Artax- erxes to Themistocles, for his wardrobe 142 Pericles 101 Persepolis,burntby Alex- ander 181 Perses,last king of Mace- donia 117 Perseus 168 Persian fleet destroyed by the Grecians 147 kings, residence of 181 Page Persian empire over- thrown ....... 182 Persians, defeat of ..... 101.109 600,000 defeat- ed by 30,000 Macedonians 142 Petrified town .......... 196 Phaon .................. Ill Pharaoh, general name for the kings of Egypt 200 Pharnaces overcome by Cxsar ................ 141 Pharos, light-house of - - 201 Pharsalia, battle of ..... 115 Pheasants, whence de- rived ................. 179 Philip, father of Alex- ander .......... 124 the Roman empe- ror ............ 177 Phillippi, battle of ...... 121 Philocetes, founder of Petilia ...... . .......... 47 Philostratus ............. 157 Phocseans, their emigra- tion to Marseilles ..... 146 Phocian, house of ...... 102 Phrygians, a term used by anticipation in Vir- 155 Phyllis .................. 119 Picenum, celebrated for apples ................ 33 Pindar, his account of Nestor ...... 96 birth-place of-- 106 Pindenissus, taken by Cicero ................ 162 Platxa, battle of. ....... 105 destruction of ibid. Plato, house of ......... 103 Pliny, the elder, how he lost his life .... 41 birth-place of. 29 the younger,birth- place of ........ ibid. Plutarch, birth-place of 106 Pnyx .................... 102 Pcecile, vestibule of ..... 103 Polemon, builder of Po- lemonium ............. 141 Polybius, birth-place of 98 Pompeius Sextus, de- 120 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page featedby Octavius, the triumvir 54 Pompey 152.154, 163 founder of Mag- nopolis 140 Pompeii overwhelmed* 41 Portugal, whence derived 67 Priapus, the hellespon- tian,orLampsacangod 142 Propyloea 102 Prussias, a name given to the kings of Bithynia 137 Prytaneum 102 Psyli, serpent charmers 197 Ptolemy 156 founder of the kingdom of Egypt 200 Ptolemy Philometor 203 Ptolemy Philadelphus, his road from the Nile -to the Red Sea 204 Publius Servilius.Isauri- cus 152 Punic wars, causes and principal events of 193 Pydna, battle of 117 Pyramids, an account of 203 Pyrrhus 115 defeated by Cu- rius 42 Pythagoras, school of 46 death of...- ibid. Pythian games 107 Ravenna, why celebrated 30 Regulus, capture and cruel death of 193 Remi, a people of Gaul, attached to Czesar* 67 Remus, burial-place of 38 Residence of Augustus 8c the Roman emperors * ibid, Roman nobi- lity 39 Romulus 38 Retreat of the 10,000 Greeks 141.177 Rhzcti, the, subdued by Drusus 85 Richard I-... i- 169 Page Richborough, the usual landing-place of the Ro- mans 57 oysters exported thence in the time of Ju- venal 57 Roman exiles sent to Gyarus 127 Roman fleet on the Da- nube 86 on the Lower 28 empire, its size* Lustrum 96 nobility, their re- sidence 39.40 roads 28.48 walls 61 Romans, defeated by Pontius 42 Rome, description of ... 37 first inhabited part of 38 modern situation of ibid. kingdom of, its size 37 Romulus, residence of 38 Rubicon passed by C x sar 32 Sabaism 177 Sacrum Promontorium, why so sailed 71 Saguntum, siege of, by Hannibal 68 Salamis, battle of 100 Salem, conjecture con- cerning it 166 Sallust 191.195 Sapor, king of Persia* 177 Sappho, the poetess 111 birth-place of 131 Sardanapalus, sepulchre of 154 his epi- taph (N.) ibid. Sardinia, from whom named 56 taken by the Romans ibid. why named Ich- nusa by the Greeks ibid. ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. 121 Page Sardous risus, whence derived 56 Satrapy 127 Saturn reigns in Latium 28 Scipio 41.190,193 Africamis Minor- 67 Scotish plaid (N.) 73 Sejanus, where born- 34 Seleucidse 161 Seleucus 156.175 Nicator, founder of Antioch and Seleucia 161 founder of Apa- mea-* 162 Semiramis 175 and Cyrus, ar- mies of, de- stroyed 181 reputed monu- ment of-... 182 Senecas, birth-place of 70 Sevems, wall of, de- scribed 66 his victory over Niger 155 Shepherd kings of Egypt 203 Sicily, its ancient names 70 Sicy on ,kingdom of ...... 96 Siege of Saguntum 68 Sihon, king of the Am- morites 170 Sipyleian, a name of Niobe 148 Sittius 191 Snowdon, its resem- blance to Parnassus (N.) 109 Solomon said to be founder of Palmyra 164 temple of 162 site of the tem- ple of 164 Sophonisba 191 Sta, or Stan, a modern Greek corruption of f< ra, or tf ray (N. ) 96 Strabo, the geographer- 141 Stratonice, wife of An- Sttiochus Soter 150 Street, whence derived 63 Striped garments in use among the antient Gaulish and Germanic tribes Susa, whence derived- Sybarite, a term of re- proach ' Syene, its celebrated well Symplegades, fable of- - Syphax, residence of - Syracuse, topography of taken by Mar- cellus Syrtes, an account of - - - Tamerlane, a corruption Tarik; led the Moors into Spain Tarpeian Rock Tarquins, whence brought to Rome Tegeseus, a name of Pan Teianbard, a name given to Anacreon Telamon Tempe, description of- Tereus, husband of Procne-.- Teucer, founder of Sala- mis birth-place of- Thales, birth-place of - Thapsus, battle of Thebes, ^Egyptian, an account of called Hecatom- polis Themistocles, builder of the wall at Athens, Called /ttaxpa TH% his defeat of the Persian fleet house of where he died Thermopylae, battle of- - its resem- blance to the pass of Pen- maenmawr (N.) Page 73 181 46 105 124 190 52 ibid. 195 184 69 38 34 98 146 133 115 124 133 101 139 194 205 ibid. 101 ibid. 102 147 109 ibid. 122 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Theseus birth-place of" Thessalian deluge Thrasybulus, 30 tyrants expelled by him Thucydides, his retire- ment after he was ba- nished Tiberius, the scene of his cruelties and debauch- eries Tigranes, founder of Ti- granocerta Timotheus, birth-place of Timur-leng compared with Alexander (N.) Titan Typhon Trachinise of Sophocles, scene of Trajan, the emperor, birth-place of' where he died" Transfiguration, suppo- sed scene of the Trebisond, emperors of Trent, Council of Tribes of Israel Tritonia, a name given to Minerva Troas, the scene of Ho- mer's Iliad Trophonius, cave of. Troy, topography of the plain of often rebuilt alterations in the plain of Typhceus, the giant Typhon, murderer of Osiris Tyre, siege of Tyrian Artists Tyrinthius, a name given to Hercules Valaques Valerius Flaccus, his ac- count of the Lemnian massacre Page 129 Varus, with three Ro- Pace 93 man legions, defeated 89 82 Venus, temple of 53 104 where worshipped 162 Vespasian 170 his defeat of the 122' revolted Jews 167 Vesuvius, its first erup- tion 40 Vienne, caution respect- 40 ing the term 74 Virgil, favourite resi- 179 dence of 40 birth-place of' 29 149 burial-place of" 40 184 64 Ulysses, the fabled foun- 186 der of Olissipo, or 153 Lisbon 70 Uticensis, a name given 112 toCato 192 Vulcan, forges and sup- 70 posed dwelling of ibid. 153 the Lemnian God 126 169 Walls of Athens 101 141 61 86 Watling-street Road ' 63 172 Witikind, kingdom of 82 195 Xanthians, their obsti- nate resistance to 143 Brutus (N.) 200 107 Xenophon 9, 5.175 on Mount Teches 141 143 Xerxes, his bridge over ibid. the Hellespont 122 his fleet wrecked ibid. ibid. 54 171 Young, Sir William, his 202 memoir on the ruins 165 of the temple of Ham- 164 mon (N.) 199 93 193 Zeno, the Stoic philoso- 110 pher, his birth-place 133 enobia, queen of Pal- myra, wife of Odenatus 164 126 Zethus and Calais 130 123 ANTIENT GEOGKAPHY, INDEX II. Page Abarim ................ 170 Abdera ................ 121 Abila ................... 69.190 Abnoba ................ 85 Abrincatui, Avranches- 77 Abruzzo ............... 43 Abydos, Madfune ...... 204 Zermunic 122. 142 Abyssinia .............. 206 Academia .............. 103 Acanthus ............... 119 Acarnania ............. 100.111 Acesines, Ravel Achzei Achaia Acharnse Acheron Acherontia, Acerenza Acherusia Aciris, Agri Acis Aco,Acre Acra Acradina Acro-Athos ........... Acro-Ceraunia Montes Acro-Corinthus ......... 197 Acta .................... 119 Actium, Azio ....... 86.111.115 186 91 93.96 104 110 115 43 138 46 51 169 166 52 119 116 Adana .................. Adonis, Nahr Ibrahim' Adra, or Edrei, : ./Wratf Adramyttium, Adri miiti Adrianopolis,./^/n anoji le Adulis, Arkiko .......... 154 164 171 144 124 206 179 76 ./Egades, or Agates In- sulze ............. ..... ^Egaleus ..... .......... Page /Ege, or Edessa, Edissa /Egeum Mare 134 ^Egialea 92 JEgina, Engia 101 ^Sgium, Vostitza 95 ibid. Potamos 122 ^Egyptus, Egypt 189. 200 Inferior ibid. Superior 184.200.204 174 ibid. < 117 40 112 122 92 55 ^Eolis, or ^Eolia 137. 144 TEqui 39 ^Esculum, Asculi 35 /Esernia, Isernia 42 JEstuarium Itunx, Sol- ivay Firth 62 /Ethices 112 ^Ethiopia 189 -Etna, Monte Gibcllo." 51.54 Etoliac, Vlakia 100.110 Africa 188 Interior.. 106 Propria, Tunis 189. 192 ./Ematlria ^Enaria JEnianes ZEnos, Eno /Eoles Insult Aganippe- Agathyrsi Agidincum, Sens ....... Agrigentum, or Agragas, Girgcnti Agyzymba, Zanguebar Ailath Alabahda Alba Longa 107 89 76 53 207 174 149 48 Albania .."...". 160.180 124 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHir. INDEX. Page AMs,JEtbe 82 Alburnus 46 Alemanni, Almagne*"* 83 Alesia 55 Alesia, Atise 75 Alexandria 201 Alexandretta y or Scande- rona 161 Al-Giafar 188 Allia 48 Allifx 42 Allobroges 74 Alpes Cottiae, Mount Genevre 31.74 Graise, Little St. Bernard- ...31.73. 74, Julia;, or Carnicx 31 Lepontix, Tyrol 31,32 Maritime, Mari- time Alps 28.31.73 74 Perminx, Great St. Bernard 3 1.73. 74 Rhxticse 31 Summje, St. Goth- ard ibid Alpheus, Rofeo 95 Amanus 155 Amasea, Amasieh 140 Amastris, Amasreft 139 Amathus, Asselt 123. 166 Ambarri 76 Ambiani 79 Ambvacia 115 Amida, Kara Amid, or Diar-Bekr 166 Amisenus Sinus 140 Amisia, Ems 82 Amisus, Samsoun 140 Amiternum 25.43 Ammochostus, Fama- gosta 134 Ammonitis 171 Amorgus, Amor go 128 Amphilocia Ill Amphilochium Argos, Filoquia ibid. Amphipolis, Jamboli-* 119 Amphissa, Salona 108 Amphrysus 113 Ampsagus, Wad-il-Kibir 191 Amycl* "? 94 Anactorium Anagnia Anaphe, Namfihio Anapus Anas, Guadiana Anatno> Anah Anatolia, Anadoli Anauros Anazarbus, Anzarbe Anchesmus Anchiale Ancona. . ., Page 111 35.37 128 52 69 174 136 114 155 103 154 35 Ancyra, Angora 140 Andematunum, Langres 76 Anderidum, Mende 75 Andes, or Andecavi, An- gers Andros, Andro 127 Anemurium, Auemur... 154 Anglii ^ 83 Angrivarii 83 Anio, Teverone 33.35.37 Antandrus, Antandro. .. . 144 Anthedon 105 Anticyra 107.113 Antilibanus 162 Antiocliia ad Pisidiam, Ak-Skehr 156 or Antioch, An- takia 161 Antirrliium 96.108 Antissiodurum^wjrerre 75 Anti-taurus 179 Antium, Anzio 36 Anxur, Terracina ibid. Aornos, Telekan 184 Renos 186 Aous, Lao 120 Apamea 176 Cibotus 156 Fuinieh 162 Aperantia 132 Aphetas, Pefio, 113 Aphidnze 104 Aphrodisias, Gheira 150 Apia 92 Apollonia, Polma 120 Sizeboli 124 Marza Susa, or Sosash, 198 Apulia, Puglia 43 Aquas Calids, Bath 58 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX- 125 Page Aquaj Sextia, Aix Aquileia 29 Aquincum, or Acincum, Buda 87 Aquitani 72 Aquitania ibid. Prima 75 Secunda ibid. Arabia 159.173 Deserta ibi d. ibid. Felix- ibid.ibid. Petrzea ibid.ibid. Arachosia, Arrokhage- 183 Aracynthus 110 Aradus, Ravad 164 Ar- 133 Constantinople, Estam- boul 123 Contestani, in the king- dom of Murcia 68 Contra Acincum, Pest 87 Copse 105 Copais, Livadia Limne ibid. Coptos, Kyfit 205 Coracesium, Analieh 152 Corey ra, Coofou 130 Corduba, Cordova 70 Corfinium 42 Corinium, Cirencester 59 Corinthia 96 Corinthus, Corito ibid. Corisopati 78 Coritani, people of JVb rtha mfito nshire, Leicestershire, Rut- landshire, Lincoln- shire, Nottingham- shire, & Der bey shire* 59 Cornavii, inhabitants of Warwickshire, Wor- cester sh ire, Staffo rd- shire, Shropshire, and Cheshire 60 Coronea 106 Corsica 55 Gorton 34 Corycus, Curco 153 Corydallus- 104 Cos, Stan- Co 132 Cosetani 62 Cotyxum, Kutaieh 155 Cragus 151 130 ANTTENT GEOGRAPHY. CNDEX. Page Crater 39 Crathes, Crati 47 Cremera 48 Cremna, Kebrinez 152 Cremona * 29 Crete, Candia 129 Creticum Mare 134 Crissa 107 Criu Metopon, Crio 65. 129 Croton, Cro tona 48 Ctesiplion 176 Cucusus, Cocsan 157 Cuda--" ." 70 Cumai 39. 145 Cunaxa 177 Cuneus, Algarve 70 Cures 48 Curium, Piscop ia 133 Cyanex,orSymplegades 124 Cyclades 127 Cyclopes 52 Cyclopum Scopuli 51 Cydnus 154 Cydonia, Canca 129 Cyllene, Chiarenza 96 Mount 99 Cyme, or Ouumae, JVe- mourt 145 Cynethse 99 Cynosarges 102 Cyparissa; 95 Cy parissus ibid. Cyprus 133 Cyrenaica, Barca 189. 197 Cyrene, Curin ....127.197,198 Cyros-Chata, or Alex- andria Ultima, Cog-end 184 Cyrnos, Corsica 56 Cyrrhestica 163 Cyrrhus, Corn's ibid. Cyta 179 Cythera, Cerigo 130 Cythnus, Thermia 127 Cytorus, Kitros 139 Cyzicus 142 Dacia, part of Hungary, Transylvania, Walla- chia, and Moldavia* 88 Dacia Cis-Danubiana, or Dacia-Aureliani ibid. Trajani ibid: Daci 89 Dalmatia 87 Damascus, Demesk, Gouteh-Demesk 162 Damnii, people in Cly- desda le, Renfrew, Lqn- ox, and Stirlingshire* 61 Damnonii, or Dumnonii, inhabitants of Devon- shire and Cornwall* 58 Dan 170.171 Danai 91 Danubius 88 Daphne, Beit el Ma 161 Dardania-..- 88.143 Dardanus ibid. Dariorigum, Vennes-"* 78 Darnis, Derne 198 Daromas, Darom 167 Daunia 43 DeadSea 167 Decapolis 169 Decelia 104 Decumates Agri 83 Delium 105 Delos 127 Delphi, Castri 108 Delta 102 Demeta; 59 Demetrias, Volo 114 Derbe, Alah-Dag 152 Deserts of Lybia 197 Deva, Chester 60 Deucalion 114 Dia, Standia 130 Diablintes 77 Dicte 130 Dindymus 139 Dioscoridis Insulse, So- cotora 174 Diospolis 168 Dirse, Straights of Ba- bel Mandeb 173 Dium, Standia 1 17 Divodurum, or Metis, Metz 178 Di vona, Cahors 1 75 Dobuni, people of Ox- fordshire and Glouces- tershire 59 Dodona....* 116 Dolopia... 112 ANTIEKT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. 131 Fag* Dores-- 92 Doris 99.110.137.146 Dorylaeum, JRski Shehr* 155 Drepanum, Trafiani 53 Druentia, Durance 74 Dubis,Ztow:r 80 Dunium, or Dornovana, Dorchester 58 Durius, Douro 66-70 Durocortorum, Rheim** 79 Durotriges, inhabitants of Dorsetshire 58 Durovernum, orDarver- num, Canterbury 57 Dyme ' 96 Dyrrachium, Durazzo 120 Ebal Mount 168 Eboracum, York 60 Ebrodunum, JEmbrun 74 Eburones * 79 Ebusus, Yvica 71 Ecbatana, Hamedan* 180.182 Echinades Ill Edessa, Orha, or Orfa 176 Edetani 68 Edom 167.172 Edonis 117 Ekron 167 Elx, Jafca 164 Elatxa, Eleuta 108 Eleusis, Lessina 101 Eleutherx ,. 105 Elis, Gastonni 92.95 Elusates 76 Elymxi 180 Elymais ibid* Elymiotis 117 Emerita Augusta, Meri- da 70 Emesa, Hems , 162 Emmaus 167 Emodi Montis 184 Emodus , 185 Emporise 194 Endor , 169 Engaddi 167 Enipeus 115 Enna, Castro Janni, or Giovanni 54 Ennea, Hodoi, lamboli. . 1 19 Eordani 117 ,H..., 146 Ephraim 173 Epidamnus 120 Epidaurus, Scutari 87.93 Epiphaneia, Hamah 162 Epipolse 52 Epiras 91.100.112.116 Eretria, Gra-valinais*'* 126 Eridanus, Po 31 Erineum 110 Erve 77 Erythne 146 Erythrseum Mare 181 Eryx- ,..., 53 Esquilise.... 38 Esquilinus, Mons 37 Essui 77 Estixotis 112 Etocetum, Wall 60 Etruria 100.33 Euboea 74.127 E venus, Fideri 110 Eurgetx 183 Euganei , 29 Eulscus 180 Euphrates 161.175.176.178 EuripusJ[gr?/to, Negro- fiont 100.126 Eurotas 94 Eurymedon 152 Fresulse, Fiesole 34 Falerii or Falisci, Falari 34 Falernum 40 Ferentum, JFerento 43 Feronia 48 Fibrenus 37 Fidense 47 Flaminia, Via ibid. Flavia Csesariensis 61 Flevo, Zuyder Zee 81 a channel of Vlie ibid. Florentia, Florence 34 Fons Castalius 107 Solis 198 Formise, Mola 41 Fortunate Insulae, or Ca- nary Islands 208 Forum Julii, Friuli 29.74 Romanum 38 Frctum Gaditanum, or Herculeum, Straits of Gibraltar 69.188 133 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page Frentam 42 Frisii, Prisons 82 Fucinus Lacus, Lago di Celano 36.42 Furculas Caudinse, For- chie 42 Gabse, Kaous 184 Gabali 75 Gabii 48 Gad 172 Gadara 171 Gadarenes ibid. Gadeni, inhabitants of part of Northumber- land and Teviot-dale 60 Gades, Cadiz 70 Gaztulia, Biledulgerid 189 Galaad 170 Galaaditis ibid. Galatia 136.139 Galesus, Galeso 45 Galilsea 159.166.169 Gentium ... 169 Inferior ibid. Superior ibid. Galli, Gael 72 Senones 33 Gallia 73 Belgica 73.78 Braccata 73 Cisalpina 28.31,32 Cispadana 30.32 Comata 73 Lugdunensis 73.76 Provincia 71 Togata 28 Transpadana 30 Gallo-Grsecia 136 Gamala 171 Ganges 160.186.187 Gangra, Kanldara 137 Garama, Gharmes 196 Garamantes 189.196.207 Garganus 44 Gargarus 143 Garumna, Garonne 2.75 Gath .167 Gaugamela 182 Gaulon 171 Gaulonites ibid. Gaulos, Gozo 55.130 Gaza 167 or Gazaca, Tebriz or Tauris 182 Gedrosia, Mekran 160.181 Gela, Terra Nova 53 Geloni 89 Genabum, Orleans 77 Genauni 31 Genua, Genoa 28 Genne^ar 170 Gerarsfc 167 Gerena 96 Gergovia 75 Gerisa, Gherze 196 Gerizim, Mount 168 Germania 81 GermaniaPrima, or Su- perior 80 Germania Secunda, or Inferior 79 Geron 96 Gesoriacum, or Bononia, Bologne 79 Getae 89 Glaucus 51 Glevum, Gloucester 59 Gnossus 129 Gobannium, Aberga-ven- ny 59 Gomplri 115 Gordium 140 Gorgo, Urgheng 184 Gortyna 130 Gothini 83 Gothones, Goths 84 Grxcia Antiqua 91 Granicus, Ousvola 142 Gugerni 82 Gyarus 127 Gymnesize Insulse, Ma- jorca and Minorca 71 Gyndes 175 Gytheum, Colokythia .. 94 Hadria 29 Hadrumetum 194 H xmi-Extrema, Emineh- borun 124 Haliacmon '. . . 117 Haliartus + X 106 Halicarnassus , . 150 Halmydessus, or Salmy- dessus, Midjeh 124 ANTIKKT GEOGnArilY. INDEX. Page Haloncsus, Dromo 126 Halys, Kizil-Ermak 138. 158 Hammonii 198 Hebron,or Kirjath-Arba, Cabr Ibrahim 167 Hebrus, Maritza 122.124 Hebudes, Hebrides 64 Helebas 187 Helena, or Maoris, Ma- cronisi 104 Helicon 107 Hellas 91 Hellenes ibid. Hellespontus, Strait of the Dardanelles 122 Heliopolis, Balbeck .... 162 On 203 HelorianTempe 53 Helorum, Muri Ucci ibid. Helvetii, Swiss 80.85 Heneti 138 Heptanomis 201 Heptastadium ibid. Heraclea, Erekli 120. 123 HeracleaPontica.JSreM' 138 Herxa 99 Herculaneum 40 Hercynia Sylva 84 Hermeeum Promontorium, Ca fie Bon 192 Hermione 93 Hermiones 81.93 Hermon, Mount 166. 169 Hermopolis Magna,^fsA- munum 204 Heniici 37.39 Hermunduri 83 Hermus, Sara bat, or Ke~ dous 144 Heroopolis 203 Hesbon 170 Hesperia 27 Hesperides 207 Hesperidum Insulse Cajic Verde Islands 208 HesperiiJEthiopes,Crw'/7m 127 Hexamilium, Hexamili- 122 Hierapolis, Menbigz*" 163 Hierapytna, Gira fietra 130 Hierichus, Jericho 167 Hieromax, Yermak 171 Hierosolyma, Jerusalem 166 Page. Himera, Tirmini 53 Hinnom 167 Hippocrene 107 Hippo Regius, Bona 191 Hirpini 28.34.41 Hisp'ilis, Seville 71 Hispania ibid. Citerior ib. Ulterior ib. Homonada, Rrmenah 153 Horeb 173 Huicii, or Jugantes, in- habitants of Warwick" sh ire & Wo rcestersh ire 60 Hybla 52 Hyblsei Colles ibid. Hydaspes, Shantrou** 186 Hydraotes, Biah ibid. Hydruntum, OtrantO"* 45 Hypanis, or Bogus, Bog 89 Hypata,.JVfo/tora 113 Hyphasis, Caul 186 Hyrcania,i/br/Vm,orC0r- can 161.183 Jabadii Insula, Sumatra 187 Jabbok 170 Jacetani 67 Janiculum 38,44 Japygia 42 Japygium, or Salentinum Promontorium 45 lassus, Assam- Kalasi- 149 Jaxartes, Sir 184 lazyges 98 iberia,/mm*# and Geor- gia 160.179 Iberus, Ebro 67 Icaria, Nicaria 132 Icarium Mare ibid. Iceni 59 Ichnusa, Sardinia 56 Iconium, Konich 153 Ida- 129,143 Idalium, Dalin 134 Idumea 167.173 Jebus 166 Jebusites ibid. Jericho 167 lerne or Hibernia Ireland 62 Jerusalem 171 Jcsrael 168 30 ANTIKNT GEOGRAPHY- INDEX, Page Ilercaones 68 Ilerda, Lerida 67 Ilergetes ibid. Ilissus 101 Illyricae Gentes, or Illy- ricum, Albania-" ST. 117.120 Ilva, Elba 56 Imaus Mons, Himmel> 26 Paropamisus, Imeia JPambada?n"" 184 Imbrus, Imbro 125 Inachus 93 India 160.185 India intra Gangem- 160.185 extra Gangem* ib . ib. Indus, Sind ib. ib. Ingena, branches 77 Insubres 29 Insulae ^Eolise 55 Liparseze ib. Vulcanise ib. Interamna, Terni 35 lolchos 114 lones 92 Ionia" 146 Ionium Mare 127 Joppa, Jafa 1(58 Jordon 166 los 127 Jotapata" 170 Ipsus 156 Ira 95 Iris, JeMl-Mrmark 140 Isauria 137.152 Isca, Uske 52 Isca Damnoniorum, Chi- selborough 58 Silurum, Caer Leon 59 Ischalis, Ilchester 58 Ismenus 106 Issachar 172 Issedon * 185 Issedones ib. Issus, Aisse 155 Istxvones 81 Ister 88 Isthmus* 97 Istisea, or Oreus ' 127 Isurium,. Aldborough 60 Itabyrius Mons, Tabor 169 Italia Antiqua, Italy 27 ItaliaPropria 28.32 Page Italica 70 Italus 27 Ithaca, Theaki 131 Ithaguri 185 Ithagurus, Mons ib. Ithome 95 Itunse ^Sstuarium, Sol- ivay Firth 62 Iturxa 172 Jud?ea r 142.159 Judah- 171 Jugantes 61 Juliobona, Lillebone 77 Juliomagus, Angers ib. Junonis Promontorium, Cafie Trafalgar 70 Juvavum, Saltzbourg- 86 Kedron- Kison ......... Koptos, Kyfit Kypt Labicum Lacetani Lacmium, Cafio della Colonna Laconia- -- Lactodorum, Stoney- Stratjord*** - Lacus Asphaltites, or Mare Mortuum, Dead Sea, or Salt Sea Benacus, Lago di Garda Brigantinus, Lake of Constance* Lucrinus - Trasimenus, Lago di Perugia Verbanus, Lago Maggiors Lxstrigones -. Laestrigonii Campi Laish Lamia Lamotis, Lamuzo Lampsacus, Lamsaki- Lamus Lancia Oppidana, La Guarda* *- 167 169 204 200- 48 66 47 92.93 64 166 32 86 40 34 32 52 5 If 171 113- 157 142 154 70- ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. 235 Page Lancia Transcudana,* Ciudad Rodrigo 70 Langobardi, Lombards' 83 Lanuvium 49 Laodicea, Ladik- 156.161 Combusta, La- dikie 156 Lapethus, Lafieto 134 Larissa 115 Larius, Lago di Como** 29.86 Latini 36 Latium * 28. 33. 35 Latmus, river 149 Laurentum . 48 Lauriacum, Lorch****** 86 Laurium 104 Lebedsea, Livadia 107 Lebedus-.. 146 Lechajum - 97 Lectum, Cajie Baba**** 144 Legio, Leon - 67 Lemnos, Stalimine 126 Lemovices, Limoges* 75 Lemovii 84 Leontini, Lentini 52 Leptis Magna, Lebida-* 195 Minor, Lemta*** ib. Lerna, Molini 93 Leros. -..*.. 132 Lesbos, Mitylin- 131 Leucadia Ill Leueate. .. ib.. Leuci 78 Leuctra 105 Lexovii * 77 Libanus 174 Libethrus 107 Libora, Talavera 69 Liburnia, part of Cro- atia 87 Libya 166. 167.197 Interior 198 Libyan Desert 199 Libyssa, Gebise * 138 Licus, Lech 86 Liger, Loire 72 Liguria, Genoa 55 Libea 110 Lilybceum^/arsff /# 50.53 promontory of, Boeo 53.54 Limonum, Poteticrs* ' T5 Lindum, Lincoln 60 Lingones 76 Lipareze Insulse 55 Liris, Garigliana 34.37. 40 Lissus, Allessio 87 Litermim 40 Locri 100 Epicnemidii 100.108 Epi-Zephyrii 47 Opuntii 100.108 Ozol^ 108 Londinmm, London 58 Luca, Lucca 34 Lucania 27.38. 42. 45 Luceria, Luc era 43 Lucrinus, Lacus 40 Lugdunensis Prima 76 Secunda-.. 76.77 Tertia 76 Quarta, or Senonia~ ib. Lugdunum, Lyons* ib. Batavorum, Ley den*" 80 Luguvallum, Carlisle"* 60 Luna- 34 Lusitani - 70 Lusitania, Portugal *** 66 .70 Lutetia, Paris 77 Lybian Mountains 20J Lybicum Pelagus 134 Lycaon ..... 27 Lycaonia -137. 157 Lycaeum 103 Lycaeus 98 Lychnidus, jikrida 120 Lycia ....137.150 Lycorea 108 Lycosura 98 Lyctos, Lassite 129 Lycus 179 169 136.145 Lygii ..- 183 Lyncestje ...*.. 120 Lyrnessus 145 Lysimachia, Hexamili 122 Lystra 153 Macedonia, Roumclia' > -91. 1 16 Macron Tichos 123 Madaurus -* 195 236 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page Madian 174 Mxander, Meinder-." 147.15 5 Masate 61 Maedi 121 Msenalus, Mons 98 Mseonia 145 Magdala 170 MagnaGnecia 28.42 Magnesia 112.114 Magnesia ad Meandrum 147 Sipyli ib. Magnopolis 40 Magnum QstixLm,Hugley 187 Magnum Promontorium, Cape of Romania ib. Magnus Sinus, Guljih of Siam ib. Malaca, Malaga 69 Maldwies 187 Malea, Cafie Malio, or St. Angelo 94. 130 Maleventum 41 Malia 112 Maliacus Sinus. Gulfihof Zeiton ib. Maliarpha, Maliajiur 187 Malli 186 Manasseh 172 Manduessedum, Mance- ter 60 Mantinea,near Trifiolitza 98 Mantinorum Oppidum, Bastia 55 Mantua 29 Maracanda, Samarcand 184 Marathon-.. 104 Marcianopolis 89 Marcomanni, Bohemia 82 Mare /Egseum 134 Carpathium ib. C aspiu m , Casfi i an 180 Creticum- 134 Hadriaticum, Gulfih of Venice 28 Icarium 134 Ionium, Grecian Sea 28.134 Lybicum 134 Myrtoum 135 Tyrrhemim 28 Mareotis, Mariout 202 Page Mariana 55 Mariandyni 133 Marmarica 189.197. 198 Maronea, Moragna ... 122 Marrubium, San Bene- detto 42 MaiTucini ib. Marsi 38.41.82 Marsigni 83 Marsyas 156.162 Masius Mount 179 Masssesili 190 Massagetje,Grea?G 59 Milan >-. 29 E-ureux 77 Mediomatrici 78 Mediterranean, Great Sea 165 Megalopolis 98 Megara 99. 1 00 Megaris 100 Megiddo 168 Melanis Sinus 122 Melas, Korah Sou- -119.148.158 Meles 146 Melita 103 Melite, Malta 155. 187 Melitene, Malatia 157 Melodunum, Melun*-" 77 Melos, Milo 127 Memnonium,ZTc6oz/.... 205 Memphis 204 Menapia, St. David' 8" 64 Menapii 80 Mendes, Ashmur Tarafi 202 Meroe 205 Messembria, Miseira" 122 Mesopotamia, Irak Arabia 160.174.176 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. 237 Page Messana, Messini 50 Messapia, or lajiygia 42. 44 Messne 94 Messenia 92.95 Metapontum 46 Metaurus, Metro 35 Methone, Modon 95 Lcuterochori 117 Methymna,Po?Yo Petera 131 Midea 93 Miletus 149 Mincius, Mincio 29.33 Minturnae 36 Minyeia 106 Misenum 39 promontory of ib. Mi sraim, Misser 200 Mitylene . 131 Moab 171 Moabitis ib. Moeris, Bathen 204 Mcesia 88 Superior ib. Inferior ib. Mogtmtiacum, Mentz* 80 Molossia 115 Mona Taciti, Anglesea, Island of 59.64 C ae saris, Isle of Man 64 Mons Abnoba, Black Mountain*" 83.85 Abyla 190 Algidus 48 Anchesmus 103 Arachnoeus 93 Argaeus, Argeh 158 Athos 134 Atlas 190 Aventinus 37 Basanites 206 Capitolinus 37 Casius 162.181 Cithaeron 105 Ccelius 37 Cragus 151 Eryx '.. 53 Esquilinus 37 Garganus, Monte St. Angela 44 Hasmus 121 Helicon 107 Hermon 166.169 MonsHymettus- Ida Imaus M Pactolus 148 Padus, Po 31 Pjeonia 137 Pxstum,Pesti 45 Pxti 121 Pagasre 114 Palasstina, Palestine, or Holy Land 159 Palsetyros . 164 Palantinus, Mons 37 Palatium 38 Palentia 67 Palestine 164 Palibothra, Patna, or Allahabad 186 Palma 70 Palmyra, or Tadamora, Tadmor 163 Palus Acherusia 116 L,ibya,El-Loudeah 214 Mseotis, Sea of Azojih 89.160 Sirbonis, Sebakel Bardoil 202 Tritonis, Tazooun 194 Pamphylia 137.148 Pandataria 35 Paneas 169 Pangzsus 121 Pannonia Inferior, Scla- -uonia 87 Superior, Hun- gary . ib. Pagf Panormus, Palermo**" 53 Panormo"" 116 Panticapaeum, or Bospo- rus, Kerche 90 Paphlagonia 136 Paphos, Bafiha 133 Limmeson Antica ib. Pappua, Edoug 191 Parzetonium, Al-Bare- toun 197 Paras, Pars 180 Parasopias 105 Parisi, Holdemess 60 Parisii 77 Parma 30 Parnassus 107 Panics 103 Pares, Paro 128 Parrhasii 198 Paropamisus 182.184.185 Parthenius, Partheni' 137 Parthenope 38 Parthia 160 Parthians 183 Parthiene 182 Parva Scythia, Little Tartary 90 Pasargada, Pasa Kuri" 180 Pasitigris, Shatal-Arab* 175 Patavium, Padua 29 Patara, Patera 150 Pathmos 132 Patrze, Patras 96 Pax Julia, Beja 70 Pekin 184 Pelagonia 117 Pelasgi 92 Pelasgia id. Pelasgiotis 112 Pelendones 67 Peligni 42 Pelion 115 Pella, Palatiza 118 Pellene 96 Peloponnese, Morea^-- 92 Pelops ib, Pelorum, Cape Faro -50. 53. 54 Pelusiotic,M>w^ of the J\i"ile,202 Pelusium, Tireh ib, Pcltac, Uschah 155 Pend-Jab 186 Pcneus, Sdlamfiria .... 95, 115 240 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX, Page 64 Pentapolis 197 Peparethus, Pifieri and Palagrisi 126 Persea 163.169 Percote 142 Perga, Kara-hisan .... 151 Pergamus, Bergamo . . . 144 Perinthus 122 Permessus 107 Perrhxbia 112 Persepolis, Tshel-minar 180 Persia 160.179 Persian Gulph 174 Perusia, Perugia 34 Pessimis 139 Petilia 46 Petra, Shadman 184 Petrocorii, Perigueux . 75 Peucetia . 43 Peucini 89 Phaacia 131 Phalerum 101 Phalerus ib. Pharos 201 Pharsalia 115 Phaselis, Fionda 151 Phasiana 179 Phasis, Fasz.Rione. . 175.183 Phatniticum Ostium . . . 202 Phaziana, Fezzan .... 195 Pheneos, Phonia 99 Pherse, Pheres Ill Philadelphia, Allah Slier 149 PhilxnorumAraj 196 Philippi 121 Philippopolis 123 Philistsea 166 Philistsei 165 Philistines 171 Phlegra, or Pallene .... 118 Philus, Stafihlica 96 Phocaea, Fochia " 143 Phocis 99.107 Phoenicia 159.164 Pholegandros,/ > o//c#?zfl?ro 127 Phrygia 155 Major ib. Minor ib. Phthiotis 112 Phycus Promontorium, Cafie Rasat ....... 198 Phyla 104 Picenum 28, 33 Pictones, or Pictavi . . , 75 Pieria 117 Pinarius, Deli- Sou .... -154 Pindenissus 162 Pindus 112 Pirams, Porto-Leone . . 101 Pisa 33.95 Pisatis 95 Pisaurum, Pesaro .... 34 Pisidia 137.151 Pitane 144 Pithecusa, or /Enaria, Ischia 39 Pityusse, Pine Islands . . 70 Placentia, Placenza ... 20 Plain ofEsdrelon .... 169 Plataea 105 Plemmyrium 52 Polemonium, Vatija . 140 Pompeii 41 Pompeiopolis 153 Pompelo, Pamfieluna 67 Pons j^Elii, Newcastle ufion Tyne - 62 Milvius 47 Trajani 88 Pontia, Ponza 35 Pontinae Paludes, Pon- tine Marshes ib. Pontus 136.140 Pontus Exuinus, Black Sea 90.123.136 Port of Calle, Portugal 67 Portus Augusti 48 Itius, Witsand 58.79 Lemanis 58 Magonis, Port Mahon 70 Posidonia 45 Potidxa 118 Potnia: . * 106 Prxneste, Palestrina 36 Priene 147 Prochyta, Procida .... 40 Proconnesus, Marmora . 122 Promontorium Aermae- um, Cafie Bon 191 Promontorium Sacrum . 151 Propontis, White Sea, or Sea of Marmora .... 122 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHF. INDEX. 341 Page Prophthasia, Zarang* 182 Prusa, Bursa .......... 138 Psophis ................. 98 Psylli ................... 196 Psyra, Ifisara .......... 132 Ptolemais, Tolemata--. 197 Aco, Acre- 182 Hermii, Girge 204 Pura, Fohrea ........... 182 Puteoli, Pouzzola ...... 39 Pydna .................. 117 Pylx Albanix, orCaspix Derbend..*. 180 Caucasix ........ ib. Cilicicx ......... 154 Cyrix ........... ib. Pylos, Gerenian ........ 95 Messenian ....... 94 Triphylian ...... 95 Pyrrha ................. 107 Pytho ................... 114 Quadi, inhabitants of Moravia ............. 183 Quirinalis Collis ........ 37 Rabbath Ammon, or Phi- ladelphia, Amman">"> Rabbath Moab, Maab Rags, or Rages, Rei*" Ramoth, or Ramoth Gi- lead .................. Ratx, Leicester ......... Ratiaria ................ Ravenna ................ Raudii Campi .......... Rauraci ................. Reate, Reati ........... Red Sea ............... Regillus Lacus .......... Regm,inhabitants of Sur- rey, Sussex, andfiart of Hampshire ........ Remi ................... Resapha ................ Reuben ................. Rha, Volga ............. Rhastia ................. Rhamnus ............... Rhamnusia ........... Rhedones .............. . 171 ib. 182 170 59 88 30.32 29 80 34 174 148 58 79 163 172 90 31.86 104 ib. 77 Page Rhegium, Regio 46 Rhenea 128 Rhenus, Rhine 79 Rheon 179 Rhinocorura, El-Arish 199.202 Rhium 96.109 Rhoetxum 143 Rhodanus, Rhone 73 Rhodope 120 Rhodus, Rhodes 132 Rhyndacus 137.141 Riduna, Alderney 77 Roma, Rome 33.37 Roscianum, Rosano 46 Rotomagus, Rouen . 77 Roxolani 89 Rubico, Fiumesino 32 Rudix 44 Rugii, Rugenwald 83 Ruteni 75 Rutupix, Richborough 57 Sabxi, Yemen 174 Sabini 33.38 Sabrata, Sabart 195 Sacx, Saketa 161.184 Sacrum Promontorium, Cajie St. Vincent 70 Sagrus, Sangro 42 Saguntum, Murviedro 70 Sail, or Essui, Seez 97 Sais, Sa 201 Salamis, Colouri 101.132 Sale, Sallee 189 Salentini 44 Salernum, Salerno 35 Salmantica, Salamanca 66.69 Salmydessus 124 Salona, Sfialatro 87 Saltus Teutobergiensis, Bishofiric of Pader- born 82 Salyes 74 Samarobriva, Amiens 79 Samaria, Sebaste 159,165 Samarus, Somme 78 Same 130 Samnium 28.33 Samonium, Salmone-"- 129 Samos 132 Samosata, Semisat 16.1 Samothrace, Sa m o tfi ra In i ? ? 31 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page Sana 118 Sangarius, or Sangaris, Sakaria 138 Santones, people of San- to gne and City of Saints 75 Sardica 89 Sardinia 55.56 Sardis, Sart 148 Serepta 164 Sarmatae 84 Sarmatia, Russia .... 25. 84. 89 Asiatica.... 160.179 Sarniizegethusa, Gradisca 89 Sarnia, Guernsey 77 Sarrhum, or Serrhium, Castro Saras*** 121 Sarus, Seihoun 154 Satala, Arzingan 158 Saturnia 127 Sauromatse 84 Savus, Saave 87 Saxones 83 Scalabis, St. Irene, now Santarem 70 Scaldis, Scheldt 79 Scamander 143 Scandinavia, Prussia, Sweden,Denmark and Norway 25,84 Scapta-hyla, or Scapte- sula, Skepsilar 121 Scepsis 143 Sciathos 126 Scillus 95 Scodra, Scutari 87 Scopelos 126 Scordisci 88 Scylacium, Sguillaci* 46 Scylla 50 Scyros, Skyro 127 Scythx 77 Scythia- 25.84.161.184 intra Imaum 25. 184 extra Imaum id. id. Sea of Tiberias, or Lake of Genesareth 165 Sebaste, Sivaa 158 Se benny tic Mouth of the ^ Nile 102 Sebennytus, Semenud ib. Segedenum, Cousin's House Cl Segeste, Egeste ......... Segodonum, Rodez Segontium, Carnarvon Segobriga, Segorbe Selucia, Ctesiphon, Al Modain Trachea... Selga ................... Selgovrc, in Eskdale,An- nandale,andNithisdale Selinus, Selena ......... Sellasia ................. Selymbria, Selibria . Semnones .............. Sena, Siena ........ ..... Sena, Sain .............. 53 75 59 67 175 153 162 152 60 53.152 94 122 83 34 78 Sena Gallia, Senigaglia 33. 35 Senones 33.76 Senonia 76 Sepias, Cape of St. George 114 Sepphoris, or Dio Cscsa- rea, Sefouri 167 Sequana, Seine 72 Sequani 80 Sera, Kan-tchon 185 Serica, North Western part of China Getc, or Eygur 26.137,184 Seriphus, Serpho 127 Serus, Menan 185 Sestos, Zermenic 121 Sheji-si Sicambri Sicani Sicania Sicca Sichem, Neapolis, Nab- lous Sicilian Sicinos 184 82 50 ib. 194 168 50 127 50 96 ib. 151 165 Sicyon, Basilico Sicyonia Side Sidon, Sayda-** Sierra Leone ........... 208 Siga ........... ........ 190 Sigacum, Cape Inei-Hi- sari .................. 143 Silrmis, or Silaro ...... 46 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. 243 Page SiluYesjnhabitants of the counties of Hereford, Monmouth, Radnor, Brecon, and Glamorgan 59 Simsethus, Giaretta 51 Simeni, Cenimagni, or Iceni, inhabitants of the counties of JVor- folk, Suffolk, Cam- bridge, & Huntingdon 59 Simeon 171 Simois 144 Sinas, Cochin- China 26. 160 184.186 Shensi"" 184 Sinai, Mount 173 Singara, Singar 177 Singidunum, Belgrade- 88 Singas 106 Sinope, Sinub 90.139 Sintica . 117 Sinuessa 41 Sinus ^lanites ' 174 Ambracius Ill Arabicus 135.173 Argolicus 93 Casalus 55 Ceramicus 149 Codanus, part of the Baltic 84 Corinthiacus, Gulph of JLepan- to 92.96.104 117.108 Crissxus, Gulph of Salona 107.108 Cyparissius 95 Doridis 149 Gallicus 73 Gangeticus, Bay of Bengal 187 Hadriaticus 29 Hcrmionicus 93 Heroopolites, Gulph of Suez 174. 206 lassius 149 Laconicus, Gulph of Colykythia 94 Maliacus, Gulph of Zieton 108.109 Messeniacus, Gulph ofCoron 94 Page Opuntius lor Pegasius, or Pelas- gicus, Gulph of Fo/o 113 Persicus 159 Plinthinethes, ' Arabs Gulph-*. 201 Psestanus 40 Saronicus 93.97.101 Singiticus, Gulph of Monte Santo 119 Strymonicus 1 17, 1 19 Tergestinus 29 Thermaicus, Gulph of Salo- niki 117.;118 Toronseus, Gulph of Cassandria 118 Sion, Mount 166 Siphnus, Siphanto 127 Sipontum, Manfredonia 43 Sipylus 148 Sirbonis Palus, Sebaltet Bardoii 202 Sirmium, Sirmia 87 Sithonia 119 Sittianorum Colonia, Constantina 191 Sminthium 144 Smyrna, Ismur 146 Smyrnxus, Sinus ib. Socinos and los, Sikino and Mo 127 Sogdi, Bukor 187 Sogdiana, Al-Sogd 161.184 Soli, Splia 13S.15S Solymi 153 Sophene, Zoph 179 Soracte 34 Sotiates 76 Sozopolis, Sizeboli 124 Sparta, or Lacedrcmon, near Misitra 94 Spartianus Campus 69 Spefchius 113 Sphacteria 95 Spoletium, Spoleto 137 Sporades 132 Stabisc 41 Stagyra, Stauros 119 Stobi 120 Stratonicca, Eski-lShehr 150 244 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page Strophades, Strivali *** 130 Strymon 119.120 Stymphalus 97 Suastus 186 Sucro, Xucar 68 Suessa Auruncorum, Sezza 40 Suessiones 79 Suevi 81 Suindunum, Mans 77 Sulmo, Suhnona 42 Sunium, Cabo Colonni 104 Susa, or Susan, Suster* 180 Susiana 160.180 Sybaris or Thurium ... 46 Sybaris id. Syene, Assouan 106 Synnada 156 Syracusse, Syracusa ... 52 Syria 159.161 Syro-Phoenicia..-. 172 Syros, Syra 127 Syrtis Minor, Gul}ih of Cabes 189.195 Major, Gulph of Sidra ib.ib. Tabor, or Itabyrius 169 Tabraca, Tabarca 192 Tacape, Cades- 195 Tm\2.Y\\s ) Cafie Matapan 94 Tageste, Tajelt 194 Tagus, Tago 70 Taliatis 88 Tamari Qstia+Plymouth Sound 58 Tamiatliis, Damiata*** 208 Tanais, Don 90 Tanagra 105 Tanis, or Zoan, San*** 202 Tanitic Mouth of the Nik ibid Taprobane, Ceylon 187 Tarentum, Tarento 45 Tarquinii 34 Tarraco, Tarragona* 67 Tarraconensis 66 Tarsus, Tarsous 154 Tartessus 70 Taruenna, Terouenne** 79 Tatta Palu s, Tuzla **** 157 Tauri 90 Taurini, Piedmontesc * 28 Page Tauromenium Taormmo 5 1 Taurus, Mons 151. 154 Taxila 186 Teanum , Tiano 40 TechesorTesqua,7>M 141 Tectosages 140 Tegea, P/a/i 98 Teleboides, Megalo-nisi 111 Telmissus, Maori 150 Telo Martius, Toulon* 74 Telos, Piacojiia ......... 132 Temenites 52 Tempe 115 Tencteri 82 Tenedos 144 Tenos, Tine 127 Tentyra, Dendera 204 Teos 146 Termessus 152 Tergeste, Trieste 29 Tetrapolis 110 Teutones 83 Thapsacus, El-Der 163 Thapsus, JDemsas 194 Thasos, Thafiso 125 Thaumaci, Thaumaco** 113 Thebais 200 Thebes, Boeotian 106 Egyptian 204 Hypoplacian 144 Phthiotic 113 Themiscyra 141 Themisonium, Teseni** 156 Theopolis 161 Thera, Santorin 127 Therapne 94 Therma,or Thessalonica SaloniJd 108 Thermx Selinuntix .... 53 Thermodon, Terme ' 141 Thermopylae 109 Thermus Ill Thespia, JVeocorio ...... 107 Thesprotia 115 Thessalia 100.112 Thessaliotis 112 Thracia... 120 Thracian Bosphorus, Channel of Constan- tinople 123 Thria 104 Thriasius Campus ib . JLNTIENT GEOOnAPHT. INDEX. 245 Thronium 109 Thurifera regio 174 Thyamis 116 Thyatira, Ak-hisar 148 Thymbrium, Tshakldu 156 Thyni 124.137.138 Thynias, Tiniada 124 Tiberias 169 Sea of 165.169 Tiberis, Tiber 33.34 Tibulx 56 Tibur, Ti-voli 37 Ticinum, Pavia 29 Ticinus, Tesino 29.31 Tigranocerta 179 Tigris 160.176. 182 Timavus 29 Tingis, Old Tangier- 190 Tingitana ib. Titaresius 115 Tithorea 108 Timolus, Bo ur-Dag* 148 Toletum, Toledo 68 Tolosa, Toulouse 74 TomiyTomeswar, or Baba 89 Tonsus, Tonza 124 Torone, Toron 116-119 Toxandri .............. 80 Trachinia Heraclea 112 Trachis, or Trachinia, Zeiton id.. Trachonitis 170 Tralles, Sultan Hissar 148 Trapezus, Trebinond 141 Treba 34 Trebia 30.32 Tretum, Sebda-JRuz-* 190 Treveri, Treves 78.79 Triballi 88 Triboci 80 Tricasses 77 Tricca, Tricala 115 Tridentum, Trent 86 Trinacria 50 Trinobantes, people of Essex, Middlesex and part of Surrey 58 Triopium, Cape Crio 150 Triphylia 95 Tripolis, Taraboli, or Trifioli 163.189.195 Tritxa, Trite 96 Pagi Troad .................. 142 Troas .................. 137,142 Troezen, Trcezene, Da- mala ................. 93 Troglodytae ............. 206 Troja, or Ilium, Bounar- bachi ................. 142 Tsin .................... 184 Tunetum, Tunis ........ 193 Tungri, Tongres ....... 78 Tunnocelum, Boulness* 61 Turdetani, Seville ...... 68 Turduli, Cordova ...... ib. Turicum, Zurich ........ 80 Turkistan .............. 184 Turnacum, Tournay*** 80 Turones ................ 77 Turris Hannibalis, Mah- dia .................... 194 Turn s Stratonis ..... ... 1 67 Tusculum, Frascati*"* 36 Tyana ................. 157 Tyche .................. 52 Tolos, Bahrain* ........ 174 Tyndaris ............... 54 Tyrins, or Tyrinthus... 93 Tyros, Sur ............. 165 Tyrrheni ............... 23 Vacca, Veja ............ Vaccad ................. Vahalis, Waal* ......... Valaques ............. - Valentia ------- ............ Val lum Antonini ........ Vandalitia, Andalusia* Vangiones .............. Yarini, inhabitants of Mecklenburgh ........ Varus, Var ............. Vascones, people ofJVa- Ubii .................... Vectis, Isle of Wight- Veientes ................ Veii ..................... Velia .................... Velocasses .............. Venafrum, Venafro Vendili, Vandals ........ Vencdi, inhabitants of jiart of Lavonia ...... 192 66 80 111 61.67 60 68 80 81 28.31 67 79 58.64 39 33.48 46 77 40 83 89 ' 246 ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. INDEX. Page Venete 29.78.139 Vennones, Valteline 86 Venta Belgarum, Win- 58 Icenorum Caister 59 Silurum, Caer Givent id. 43 Verbanus Lacus, Lago Maggiore Verodunenses 32 78 Verodunum, Verdun**** ib. Veromandui, Vermandois 79 29.32 Verulamium, near St. 59 Vesontio, Bezancon 80 42 Vesuna, La Visone - 75 40 Vettones, JEslramadura 69 47 49 Aurelia 47 Cassia **, Claudia ib. ib. ib. Latina ib. 48 47 48 ib. 47 **. Tiburtina ib. 48 Viadms, Oder 83 77 Viducasses ib Vienna, Vienne in Dau- 74 Viennensis Viminalis Collis Viminiacum Vindobona, Vienna Vindelicia Vindo, Wartach Vistula Visurgis, Weser Uliarus, Isle ofOleron* UlpiaTrajani Umbria . Vocontii Volaterrse, Volaterra* Volcse, Arecomici Tectosages*"* Volsci Volsinii, Bolsena Vorganium, Karhez Uranium Uriconium, Wroxeter** Usipii, Angria Utica Vulturnus, Vultumo** Uxantis Insulae, Ushant Uxela, Exeter Uxelodunum Xanthus, Eksenide Zabata, Zab Zabulon Zacynthus, Zante Zama Zancle- Zarangse, or Drangas- Zariaspa Bactra, Balk* Zele Zeleia Zephyrium Zeugitana Zeugma Zingis, Zanguebar Page 73.74 37 88 87 31.86 86 83 82 75 89 28.32 74 33 73 ib. 39 34 78 55 60 82 192 40 78 58 75 151 181 172 130 195 50 183 184 140 144 47 194 176 207 THE EN1). 247 QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION OF STUDENTS ON THE MAPS ACCOMPANYING BUTLER'S ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY. ORBIS VETERIBUS NOTUS. PLATE I. HOW many divisions of the world were known to the Antient Greeks and Romans? What part of Europe was known to them ? Of Asia? Of Africa? How is Europe bounded on plate I,? In what part of it is Scandinavia? Finningia? Sarmatia? Ger- mania? Dacia? Moesia? Gallia? Hispania? Italia? Macedonia? Grsecia? Thracia? Britannia? Hibernia? Where is Sinus Codanus? Gangeticus? Persicus? Arabicus? Mare Pigrum? Atlanticum? Internum? Hadriaticum? Caspium? ,/Egxum? Erythrseum? Pontus Euxinus? Rhcetia? Danubius Flu- vius? Rhenus? Vistula? Tanais? What are the southern and western boundaries of Asia? In what part of it is Asia Minor? Arabia? Scythia? India intra Gangem? India extra Gangem? Carmania? Media? Syria? Persis? Assyria? Mesopotamia? Bactriana? Sogdiana? Dachanabides? Aurea Chersonesus? Sinse? Armenia? Imaus Montes? Annibi Montes? Hyperboraei? Taurus? Caucasus? Indus Fluvius? Ganges? Tigris? Euphrates? Oxus? 32 248 QUESTIONS In what part of Africa is ^Egyptus? Troglodytica? Libya? Ge- tulia? Ethiopia? Garamantes? Mauretania? Numidia? Nasamo- nes? Atlas M.? Mandrus M,? Lunae M.? Caphas M.? Niger, River? Nilus? Daradus? BRITANNIA ANTIQUA. PLATE II. How is the island of Britain bounded? In what part of it is Britannia Prima? Secunda? Flavia C?| What three Ports were connected with the city by the Lon^ Hall or Long- Legs? VICINIA ROMANA. PLATE XXI. Which way from Rome were the Veicntes? The Sabini." Tlic Latini? The Rutuli? L. Sabatinus? 262 QUESTIONS. What is the course of the Tiber and where does it empty? of Anio river? Aro river? What is the situation of Lake Regillus? Of Pons Milvius? Villa Hadriani? AlgidusM.? Lanuvium? Veii? Castrum Novum? Fi- denze? Salinas Veientum? Alsium and Portus Alsieneis? Ardea? Lavinium? Laurentum? Portus August! ? Capena? Bovillae? Ne- mus? Aricia? CHOROGRAPH1A SYRACUSANA. PLATE XXI. On what Sea was Syracuse situated? What were the names of its Ports? Its Rivers? What was the situation of Olympium? Polichna? Tycha? Acra- dina? Thapsus? Ortygia? Plemmyrium? Epipolae? Tenienites? Neapolis? Dascon? Tempi. Apollinis? Trogilus? Where were the three different stations of the Athenian camps? JUST PUBLISHED BY CAREY & LEA. PRIVATE MEMOIRS OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, from the French of M. FAUVELET DE BOURRIENNE, Private Secre- tary to the Emperor. SECOND AMERICAN EDITION, complete in one volume. %.* This edition contains almost a fourth more matter than the previous one, as in order ;o render it as perfect as possible, extracts have seen given from the Memoirs from St. Helena, Official Reports, &c. &c. in all cases where they differ from the statements of M. de Bour- nne. ' This English translation, which has been very faithfully rendered, is still more valuable than the original work, as upon all points where .ny obliquity from other published recitals oc- curs, the translator has given several accounts, and thus, in the form of notes, we are present- ed with the statements obtained from Napo- leon's own dictation at St. Helena, from the Memoirs of the Duke of Rovigo, of General Rapp, of Constant, from the writings of the Marquis of Londonderry, &,c*." U. Ser. Jour. 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" The book is unquestionably the best Life of Ra- legh that has ever been written." Album. " This is a piece of biography which combines the fascinations of romance with the deeper interest that attaches to historical narrative." Southern Patriot. ELEGANT LIBRARY EDITIONS OF THE FOLLOWING WORKS. WORKS OF JOANNA BAILLIE. COMPLETE IX ONE VOLUME, 8VO. In the press. WORKS OF HENRY FIELDING. IN TWO VOLUMES 8vO., WITH A PORTRAIT. WORKS OF TOBIAS SMOLLETT. W TWO VOLUMES 8vO., WITH A PORTRAIT. In the press. SELECT SPEECHES OF THE RIGHT HONORABLE GEORGE CANNING. EDITED BY ROBERT WALSH, ESQ. WITH A BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL INTRODUCTION, BY THE EDITOR. |N ONE VOLUME 8rO. In the press. SELECT SPEECHES OF THE RIGHT HONORABLE WILLIAM HUSXISSON, AND OF THE RIGHT HONORABLE WILLIAM WINDHAM. EDITED BY ROBERT WALSH, ESQ. WITH A BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL INTRODUCTION, BT THE EDITOR. lit ONK VOLUME 8vO. In the press. MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c. SURGICAL MEMOIRS OF THE CAM- PAIGNS OF RUSSIA, GERMANY, AND FRANCE. Translated from the French of BARON LARREY. In 8vo. with plates. A MANUAL OF MEDICAL JURISPRU- DENCE, compiled from the best Medical and Legal Works; comprising an account of I. The Ethics of the Medical Profes- sion ; II. Charters and Laws relative to the Faculty; and III. All Medico-legal Ques- tions, with the latest Decisions: being an Analysis of a course of Lectures on Foren- sic Medicine. By MICHAEL RYAN, M. D. Member of the Royal College of Physi- cians in London, &c. First American edi- tion, with additions, by R. EGLERFIELD GRIFFITH, M. D. In 8vo. "There is not a fact of importance or value con nected with the Science of which it treats, that is not to be found in its pages. The style is unambitious but clear and strong, and such as becomes a philosophic theme." MonVdy Review. 'It is invaluable to Medical Practitioners, and may be consulted safely by the Legal Profession." Weekly Dispatch. DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING ANATOM- ICAL PREPARATIONS, formed on the basis of Pole, Marjolin, and Breschet, and including the new method of Mr. Swan : by USHER PARSONS, M. D. Professor of Anat- omy and Surgery. In 1 vol. 8vo. with plates, "It is compiled and prepared with judgment, and is the best and most economical companion the studenl can possess to aid him in the pursuit of this delightfa department of his labors." Bost.Med.& Surg.Journ Sept. 27, 1831. "This is unquestionably one of the most useful works on the preparation of Anatomical Specimens ever published. It should be in the hands of every lover of Anatomy ; and as attention now is more di reeled to the formation of museums, it will be found a very valuable book. Nothing is omitted that is inv pprtant, and many new formulae are introduced, de rived from the author's experience, and from rare books, which he has had the industry to collect." N. Y. Medical Journal, August, 1831. A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO OPERATIONS ON THE TEETH, by JAMES SNELL, Dentist In 8vo. with plates. PRINCIPLES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MED ICINE, including Physiology, Pathology and Therapeutics, in the form of Proposi tions, and commentaries on those relating to Pathology, by F. J. V. BROUSSAIS, &c translated by ISAAC HAYS, M. D. and R. E GRIFFITH, M. D. In 8vo. ELEMENTS OF PHYSIOLOGY, by ROBLEY DUNGLISON. In 2 vols. 8vo. with numerous illustrations. (In the press.) PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY, by JOHN SYME Professor of Surgery in the University o Edinburgh. In 8vo. PRACTICAL REMARKS ON THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OP FRACTURES OF THE TRUNK AND EXTREMITIES; b) JOSEPH AMESBURY, Surgeon. In 8vo. with plates and wood-cuts. (In the press.) MISCELLANEOUS. GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON. By D. DONNEGAN. Abridged for the use of schools. In 1 vol. royal 18mo. containing nearly 600 pages. This work is printing on a handsome distinct type, and will contain as much matter as many of the larger exicons; but owing to the form in which it is printed, will be sold at such price as to be within the reach of all students. It will offer more advantages to the young student than any other lexicon now in use. The vocabulary is more extensive and complete compris- ng not only words found in the classics, but also such as are found in the writings of Hippocrates and the ek Physicians. The meanings attached to words by the several writers are also given. Words are given in alphabetical order in every poetical and dialectic variety. The conjugation of verbs and flection of nouns are more complete than in other lexicons; the meanings of words fuller and more correct there being first a primary and then a secondary meaning, each dis- tinguished from the metaphorcial and idiomatical. Phrases are also given when they note any peculiarity in signification. The etymology of words is only omitted where it is confused or disputed. There is nothing left out which the young student would find necessary in studying the Classics, and which would enable him to understand the true meaning of a word. In short, in this work the essential advantages of a good Dictionary are combined with those of a good Grammar advantages not found in any Greek and English lexicon now used. ELEMENTS OF MECHANICS. By JAMES REN WICK, Esq. Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, Columbia College, N. Y. In 8vo with numerous engravings. "We think this decidedly the best treatise on Me- chanics, which has issued from the American press, that we have seen; one, too, that is alike creditable to the writer, and to the state of science in this coun- try." American Quarterly Review. TREATISE ON CLOCK AND WATCH-MA- KING, Theoretical and Practical, by THOMAS REID, Edinburgh Honorary Mem- ber of the Worshipful Company of Clock- Makers, London. Royal 8vo. Illustrated by numerous plates. MILLWRIGHT AND MILLER'S GUIDE. By OLIVER EVANS. New Edition, with ad- ditions and corrections, by the Professor of Mechanics in the Franklin Institute of Penn- sylvania, and a description of an improved Merchant Flour-Mill, with engravings, by C. & O. EVANS. THE PEOPLE'S LIBRARY. The editors and publishers should receive the thanks of the present generation, and the gratitude of posterity, for being the first to prepare in this language what deserves to be entitled not the ENCYCLO- PAEDIA AMERICANA, but the PEOPLE'S LIBRARY."^. F. Courier and Enquirer. Just Published, by Carey <$ Lea, And sold in Philadelphia by E. L. Carey & A. Hart; in New- York by G.fyC.fy H. Carvitt; in Boston by Carter fy Hendee ; in Baltimore by E. J. Coale, $ W. of the present age." Mas. " The Cyclopaedia, when complete, will form a valuable work of reference, as well as a most entertaining and in structive library. It is an essential principle in every par of it, that it should be clear and easily understood, and that an attempt should everywhere be made to unite accurate information with an agreeable manner of con veying it. It is an experiment, to try how much science may be taught with little crabbed or technical language and how far the philosophical and poetical qualities of history may be preserved in its more condensed state. It possesses also the most indispensable of all the qualities of a work intended for general instruction that of cheap ness. Whatever the plan might be, it was evident that the grand difficulty of Dr. Lardner was to unite a body of writers in its execution, whose character or works af- forded the most probable hope that they were fitted for a task of which the peculiarity, the novelty, and even the prevalent relish for such writings greatly enhance the dif- ficulty. We do not believe, that in the list of contribu- tors, there is one name of which the enlightened part of the public would desire the exclusion. In science, the list is not less promising. The names of the President, Vice-Presidents, and most distinguished Fellows of the Royal Society, are contained in it. A treatise on astronomy, by Herschel ; on optics, by Brews- ter ; and on mechanics, by Lardner ; need be only recom- mended by the subjects and the writers. An eminent Prelate, of the first rank in science, has undertaken a noble subject which happily combines philosophy with religion. Twelve of the most distinguished naturalists of the age, Fellows of the Linnsan and Zoological So- ieties, are preparing a course of natural history. Others not less eminent in literature and science, whose names it s not needful yet to mention, have shown symptoms of an ambition to take a place among such fellow-laborers." Times. The topics, as may be supposed, are both judiciously selected and treated with ability. To general readers, and as part of a family library, the volumes already pub- ished possess great recommendations. For the external >eauties of good printing arid paper they merit equal com- mendation." Bait. American. " The uniform neatness of these volumes, their very moderate price, and the quantity of information which hey contain, drawn from the best and most attractive sources, have given them deserved celebrity, and no one vho desires to possess such information, should hesitate a moment to add them to his library." Fed. Gazette. "This excellent work continues to increase in public avor, and to receive fresh accessions of force to its orps >f contributors." lAt. Gazette. LARDNER'S CABINET CYCLOPEDIA. " OF THE MANY WORKS WHICH HAVE BEEN LATELY PUB- LISHED IN IMITATION, OR ON THE PLAN ADOPTED BY THE SOCIETY FOR THE D1FFCSION OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, DR. LARDNER'S CYCLOPAEDIA, is BY MUCH THE MOST VALUA- BLE, AND THE MOST RECOMMENDED BY DISTINGUISHED ASSISTANCE, SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY." Edinburgh Review. HISTORY OP SCOTLAND. By Sir Walter Scott. In a Vols. " The History of Scotland, by Sir Walter Scott, we do not hesitate to declare, will be, if possible, more exten- sively read, than the most popular work of fiction, by the same prolific author, and for this obvious reason: it com- bines much of the brilliant coloring of the Ivanhoe pic- tures of by-gone manners, and all the graceful facility of style and picturesqueness of description of his other charming romances, with a minute fidelity to the facts of history, and a searching scrutiny into their authenti city and relative value, which might put to the blush Mr. Hume and other professed historians. Such is the tory of England, we find enough to warrant the antici- magic charm of Sir Walter Scott's pen, it has only to pations of the public, that a calm and luminous philoso- touch the simplest incident of every-day life, and it starts phy will diffuse itself over the long narrative of our Brit- HISTORY OF ENGLAND. By Sir James Mackintosh. In 8 Vols. Two Vols. pub- lished. " In _ the firg t volume of Sir James Mackintosh's His- ish History." Edinburgh Review. In this volume Si r James Mackintosh fully developes up invested with all the interest of a scene of romance ; and yet such is his fidelity to the text of nature, that the knights, and serfs, and collared fools with whom his in those great powers, for the possession of which the public I ventive genius has peopled so many volumes, are regarded have long given him credit. The result is the ablest com- | by us as not mere creations of fancy, but as real flesh and mentary that has yet appeared in our language upon some blood existences, with all the virtues, feelings and errors most important circumstances of English History." of the Atlas. " Worthy in the method, style, and reflections, of the author's high reputation. We were particularly pleased with his high vein of philosophical sentiment, and his occasional survey of contemporary annals." National Gazette "If talents of the highest order, long experience in po- litics, and years 'of application to the study of history and the collection of information, can command superi- ority in a historian, Sir James Mackintosh may, without reading this work, be said to have produced the best his- tory of this country. A perusal of the work will prove that those who anticipated a superior production, have not reckoned in vain on the high qualifications of the author." Courier. " Our anticipations of this volume were certainly very highly raised, and unlike such anticipations in general, they have not been disappointed. A philosophical spirit, a nervous style, and a full knowledge of the subject, ac- quired by considerable research into the works of pre- ceding chroniclers and historians, eminently distinguish this popular abridgment, and cannot fail to recommend it to universal approbation. In continuing his work as he has begun, Sir James Mackintosh will confer a great bene- fit on his country." Loud. Lit. Gazette. " Of its general merits, and its permanent value, it is impossible to speak, without the highest commendation, and after a careful and attentive perusal of the two vol- umes which have been published, we are enabled to de- clare that, so far, Sir James Mackintosh has performed the duty to which he was assigned, with all the ability that was to be expected from his great previous attain ments, his laborious industry vestigation, his excel- lent judgment, his superior talents, and his honorable principles " Inquirer. " We shall probably extract the whole of his view of the reformation, merely to show how that important topic has been handled by so able and philosophical a writer, professing Protestantism. National Gazette. " The talents of Sir James Mackintosh are so justly and deeply respected, that a strong interest is necessarily ex- cited with regard to any work which such a distinguished writer may think fit to undertake. In the present instance, as in all others, our expectations are fully gratified." Gentleman's Magazine. . " The second volume of the History of England, form- ing the sixth of Carey &. Lea's Cabinet Cyclopaedia, has been sent abroad, and entirely sustains the reputation of its predecessors. The various factions and dissensions, the important trials and battles, which render this period so conspicuous in the page of history, are all related with great clearness and masterly power." Boston Traveller, BIOGRAPHY OF BRITISH STATESMEN; containing the Lives of Sir Thomas More, Cardinal Wol.sey, Area bishop Cranmcr, and Lord Burlcigh. " A very delightful volume, and on a subject likely to increase in interest a it proceeds. We cordially commend the work both for its design and execution." Land. Lit. Gazette. of common-place humanity." Lit. Gazette. HISTORY OP PRANCE. By Eyre Evans Crowe. In 3 vols. HISTORY OP PRANCE, from the Restora- tion of the Bourbons, to the Revolution of 1830. By T. B. Macaulay, Esq. M. P. Nearly ready. " The style is concise and clear ; and events are sum- med up with much vigor and originality." Lit. Gazette. " His history of France is worthy to figure with the works of his associates, the best of their day, Scott and Mackintosh." Monthly Mag " For such a task Mr. Crowe is eminently qualified. At a glance, as it were, his eye takes in the theatre of centuries. His style is neat, clear, and pithy; and his power of condensation enables him to say much, and effectively, in a few words, to present a distinct and perfect picture in a narrowly circumscribed space." La Belle Assemblee. " The style is neat and condensed ; the thoughts and conclusions sound and just. The necessary conciseness of the the can. he narrative is unaccompanied by any baldness; on contrary, it is spirited and engaging." Bait. Ameri- "To compress the history of a great nation, during a period of thirteen hundred years, into three volumes, and to preserve sufficient distinctness as well as interest in the narrative, to enable and induce the reader to possess himself clearly of all the leading incidents, is a task by HO means easily executed. It has, nevertheless, been well accomplished in this instance." JV. Y. American. "Written with spirit and taste." U. continent, it remains unfinished. It is written also [lustration, where the fancy is usefully called into action, o as sometimes to remind us of the splendid pictures which crowd upon us in the style of Bacon." Quarterly leview. " It is the most exciting volume of the kind we ever net with." Monthly Magazine. "One of the most instructive and delightful books we ave ever perused." U. S. Journal, A TREATISE ON MECHANICS. By Capt. Kater, and the Rev. Dionysius Lardner. "With numerous engravings. " A work which contains an uncommon amount of useful information, exhibited in a plain and very intelli- ible form." Olmsted's Nat. Philosophy. "This volume has been lately published in England, as a part of Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia, arid has re- vived the unsolicited approbation of the most eminent en of science, and the most discriminating journals and eviews, in the British metropolis. It is written in a wpiilar and intelligible style, entirely free from mathe- natical symbols, and disencumbered cis far as possible of echnical phrases." Boston Traveller. " Admirable in development and clear in principles, and specially felicitous in illustration from familiar eub- ects." Monthly Mag. "Though replete with philosophical information of the ighest order in mechanics, adapted to ordinary capaci- ies in a way to render it at once intelligible and popu- ar." Lit. Gazette. " A work of great merit, full of valuable information, lot only to the practical mechanic, but to the man of sci- nce." JV". Y. Courier and Enquirer. A TREATISE ON HYDROSTATICS AND PNEUMATICS. By the Rev. D. Lardner. "With numerous engravings. " It fully sustains the favorable opinion we have already xprensed as to this valuable compendium of modern sci- nee." Lit. Gazette. " Dr. Lanlner has made a good me of his acquaintance ith the familiar facts which illustrate the principles of cience." Monthly Magazine. "It is written with a full knowledge of the subject, nd in a popular style, abounding in practical illustra- ions of the abstruse operations of these imporant sci- nces." U. S. Journal with a bias unfavorable to America and its produc- tions, is incorrect in many important particulars, anc is too much abstracted for popular use. This void in literature might have been properly filled by the writers of Spain, Portugal, France, or England, but has been supplied for Europe, in i measure, by an Italian, the Cavalier Campagnoni, of whose meritorious labor much use will be made in the proposed enterprise. The volumes herewith presented, may be deemed introductory to the whole work, since they narrate the history of the discovery of the three great portions of America. In the prosecution of the subject, the existing political divisions will be pursued and con- nected with former ones, by proper explanations ; and where due regard for unity does not forbid, the chronological order will be preserved. Thus, the next succeeding part of the work, now advanced in preparation, will contain the history of Anahuac, or Mexico : including its ancient annals, an account of its subjugation, and the policy of its conquerors, of its late revolutions, and of its present constituent states In the same manner will be treated Central America, Peru, Chili, Bolivia, the United Provinces of La Plata, Brazil and Colombia. Due attention will also be given to the independent Indian nations of South America. The history of the remainder of the country will be embraced by the following divisions : 1. Russian ; 2. British ; 3. Spanish ; 4. French ; 5. Danish ; 6. Dutch America; and 7, the United States and their depend- encies. In treating the last division, a separate vol- ume will be appropriated to each State and Territory, the history of which may require it, and " The History of the United Slates" will be confined to the events of the Revolution and the operations of the general gov- ernment A survey having been thus made of the whole Western Hemisphere, the concluding volume will contain the history of the Indian races, particularly those of the northern part of the continent, with a critical examination of the theories relating to the original peopling of America. The general title of the work is sufficiently com- prehensive to include a biography of distinguished Americans, and others connected with American tu'story; and should the public support warrant it, 'An American Biography" may also be published under it, in a cheap and popular form. CABINET LIBRARY. No. 1. NARRATIVE OF THE LATE WAR IN GERMANY AND FRANCE. By the MARQUESS OF LONDONDERRY. With a Map. No. 2. JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST with plates. No. 3. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIR WAL TER SCOTT. With a portrait. No. 4 MEMOIRS OF SIR WALTER RA LEGH. By Mrs. A. T. THOMSON. With a portrait. No. 5. LIFE OF BELISARIUS. By Lord MAHON. No. 6. MILITARY MEMOIRS OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. By Capt MOYLE SHERER. With a portrait. No. 7. LETTERS TO A YOUNG NATU RALIST ON THE STUDY OF NATURE AND NATURAL THEOLOGY. By J. L DRUMMOND, M. D. With numerous en- gravings. IN PREPARATION. LIFE OF PETRARCH. By THOMAS MOORE SLEANINGS IN NATURAL HISTORY being a Companion to the Journal of a Nat- uralist. " The Cabinet Library bids fair to be a series of great alue, and is recommended to public and private libraries o professional men, and miscellaneous readers generally, t is beautifully printed, and furnished at a price which 11 place it within the reach of all classes of society." American Traveller. " The series of instructive, and, in their original form xpensive works, which these enterprising publishers are ow issuing under the title of the "Cabinet Library,' sa fountain of useful, and almost universal kno'wledge ic advantages of which, in forming the opinions, tastes nd manners of that portion of society, to which this aried information is yet new, cannot be too highly stimated." National Journal. Messrs. Carey and Lea have commenced a series of ublications under the above title, which are to appear onthly, and which seem likely, from the specimen before s, to acquire a high degree of popularity, and to afford mass of various information and rich entertainment, t once eminently useful and strongly attractive. The echanical execution is fine, the paper and typography xceJlent." Nashville Banner. MEMOIRS OP THE LIFE OF SIR "WAL- TER RALEGH, with some Account of the Period in which he lived. By MRS. A. T. THOMSON. With a Portrait. "Such is the outline of a life, which, in Mrs. Thorn - on's hands, is a mine of interest ; from the first page to le last the attention is roused and sustained, and while approve the manner, we still more applaud the spirit i which it is executed." Literary Oazette. JOURNAL OP A NATURALIST. Plates. "With - Plants, trees, and stones we note ; Birds, insects, beasts, and rural things. We again most strongly recommend this little unpre- ending volume to the attention of every lover of nature, and more particularly, of our country readers. It w. induce them, we are sure, to examine more closely tha they have been accustomed to do, into the objects of an mated nature, and such examination will prove one c the most innocent, arid the most satisfactory sources o gratification and amusement. It is a book that oug to find its way into every rural drawing-room in tl kingdom, and one that may safely be placed in ever lady's boudoir, be her rank and station in life what the may.'' Quarterly Review, No. LXXVIII. "We think that there are few readers who will no be delighted (we are certain all will be instructed) by th 'Journal of a Naturalist.' "Monthly Review. " This is a most delightful book on the most delightfu of all studies. We are acquainted with no previou work which bears any resemblance to this, excej 'White's History of Sel borne,' the most fascinating piei of rural writing'and sound English philosophy that ever issued from the press." Athenaeum. "The author of the volume now before us, has pro duced one of the most charming volumes we remernbe to have seen for a long time." New Monthly Magazin June, 1829. " A delightful volume perhaps the most so nor lee nstructive and amusing given to Natural Histor since White's Selborne." Blackwood's Magazine. The Journal of a Naturalist, being the second num 3er of Carey and Lea's beautiful edition of the Cabine Library, is the best treatise on subjects connected wit this train of thought, that we have for a long time pe rused, and we are not at all surprised that it should hav received so high and flattering encomiums from the Eng ish press generally." Boston Traveller. "Furnishing an interesting and familiar account o .he various objects of animated nature, but calculate ;o afford both instruction and entertainment." Nosh ville Banner. " One of the most agreeable works of its kind in the anguage." Courier de la Louisiane. "It abounds with numerous and curious facts, pleas ng illustrations of the secret operations and economy o nature, and satisfactory displays of the power, wisdom and goodness, of the great Creator." Philad. Album. THE MARQUESS OF LONDONDERRY'S NARRATIVE OP THE LATE WAR IN GERMANY AND FRANCE. With a Map. " No history of the events to which it relates can be :orrect without reference to its statements." Literary Gazette. "The events detailed in this volume cannot fail to xcite an in tense interest." Dublin Literary Gazette. The only connected and well authenticated accoun we have of the spirit-stirring scenes which preceded the all of Napoleon. It introduces us into the cabinets am resence of the allied monarchs. We observe the secre : olicy of each individual : we see the course pursued by te wily Bernadotte, the temporizing Metternich, ami he ambitious Alexander. The work deserves a place in very historical library." Globt. " We hail with pleasure the appearance of the first olume of the Cabinet Library." " The author had sin- ilar facilities for obtaining the materials of his work, nd he has introduced us to the movements and measures f cabinets which have hitherto been hidden from the vorld." American Traveller. It may be regarded as the most authentic of all the ublications which profess to detail the events of the nportant campaigns, terminating with that which ge- ured the capture of the French metropolis." Nat. Jour- al. It is in fact the only authentic account of the memo- able events to which it refers." Nashville Banner. The work deserves a place in every library." Phifa- elphia Album. MISCELLANEOUS. A. MEMOIR OP SEBASTIAN CABOT, with a Review of the History of Maritime Dis- covery. Illustrated, toy Documents from the Rolls, now first published* " Put forth in the most unpretending manner, and without a name, this work is of paramount importance to the subjects of which it treats." Literary Gazette. The author has corrected many grave errors, and in general given us a clearer insight into transactions of considerable national interest." Ib. " Will it not," says he author, with just astonishment, "be deemed almost ncredible, that the very instrument in the Records of England, which recites the Great Discovery, and plainly contemplates a scheme of Colonization, should, up to his moment, have been treated by her own writers as hat which first gave permission to go forth and explore ?" Ib. "We must return to investigate several collateral matters which we think deserving of more space than we lan this week bestow. Meanwhile we recommend the vork as one of great value and interest." Ib. " The general reader, as well as the navigator and the curious, will derive pleasure and information from this well-written production." Courier. "A specimen of honest inquiry. It is quite frightful to ,hink of the number of the inaccuracies it exposes: we shall cease to have confidence in books." "The investi- gation of truth is not the fashion of these times. But svery sincere inquirer after historical accuracy ought to )urchase the book as a curiosity: more false assertions and inaccurate statements were never exposed in the same compass. It has given us a lesson we shall never "orget, and hope to profit by." Spectator. HISTORY OF THE NORTHMEN, OR NOR- MANS AND DANES J from the earliest times to the Conquest of England toy "William of Normandy. By Henry Whea- ton, Member of the Scandinavian and Icelandic Literary Societies of Copenha- gen* This work embraces the great leading features of Scan- dinavian history, commencing with the heroic age, and advancing from the earliest dawn of civilization to the ntroduction of Christianity into the North its long and aloody strife with Paganism the discovery and coloniza- tion of Iceland, Greenland, and North America, by the Norwegian navigators, before the time of Columbus the military and maritime expeditions of the Northmen their early intercourse of commerce and war with Con- stantinople and the Eastern empire the establishment of a Norman state in France, under Hollo, and the sub- _ugation of England, first by the Danes, under Canute the Great, and subsequently by the Normans, under Duke William, the founder of the English monarchy. It also contains an account of the mythology and litera- ure of the ancient North the Icelandic language pre- vailing all over the Scandinavian countries until the formation of the present living tongues of Sweden and Denmark an analysis of the Eddas, Sagas, and various chronicles and songs relating to the Northern deities and heroes, constituting the original materials from which the work has been principally composed. It is intended to illustrate the history of France and England during the middle ages, and at the same time to serve as an introduction to the modern history of De-nmark, Norway, and Sweden. LETTERS TO A YOUNG NATURALIST, on the Study of Nature, and Natural The- ology. By JAMES L. DRUMMOND, M. D. &c. With numerous engravings. " We know of no work, compressed within the same limits, which seems so happily calculated to generate in a young mind, and to renovate in the old, an ardent love of nature in all her forms." Monthly Review. "We cannot but eulogize, in the warmest manner, the endeavor, and we must say the successful endeavor, of a man of science, like Dr. Drurnmond, to bring down so exalted a pursuit to the level of youthful faculties, and to cultivate a taste at once so useful, virtuous, and refined." JVezo Mont hh/ Mair. PRIVATE MEMOIRS OF NAPOLEON BO- NAPARTE, from the French of M. FAUVE- LET DE BOURRIENNE, Private Secretary to the Emperor. In 2 vols. 8vo. The peculiar advantages of position in regard to his present subject, solely enjoyed by M. de Bourri- enne, his literary accomplishments and moral quali- fications, have already obtained for these memoirs the first rank in contemporary and authentic history. In France, where they had been for years expected with anxiety, and where, since the revolution, no work connected with that period or its consequent events has created so great a sensation, the volumes of Bour- rienne have, from the first, been accepted as the only trustworthy exhibition of the private life and political principles of Napoleon. " We know from the best political authority now liv- ing in England, that the writers accounts are perfectly corroborated by facts." Lit. Gaz. ANNALS OF THE PENINSULAR CAM- PAIGNS. By the Author of CYRIL THORN- TON. In 3 vols. 12mo. with plates. THE HISTORY OF LOUISIANA, particu- larly of the Cession of that Colony to the United States of North America ; with an Introductory Essay on the Constitution and Government of the United States, by M. DE MARBOIS, Peer of France, translated from the French by an American Citizen. In 1 vol. 8vo, THE PERSIAN ADVENTURER. By the Author of the KUZZILBASH. In 2 vols. 12mo. " It is full of glowing descriptions of Eastern life." Courier. MORALS OF PLEASURE, Illustrated by Stories designed for Young Persons, in 1 vol. 12mo. " The style of the stories is no less remarkable for its ease and gracefulness, than for the delicacy of its humor, and its beautiful and at times affecting simplicity. A lady must have written it for it is from the bosom of woman alone, that such tenderness of feeling and such delicacy of sentiment such sweet lessons of morality such deep and pure streams of virtue and piety, gush forth to cleanse the juvenile mind from the grosser impu- rities o/ our aature, and prepare the young for lives of usefulness here, and happiness hereafter." JV. Y. Com. Advertistr. CLARENCE ; a Tale of our own Times, By the Author of REDWOOD, HOPE LESLIE, &c. In 2 vols. AMERICAN QUARTERLY REVIEW, pub- lished on the first of March, June, Septem- ber, and December. Price $5 per ann. V A few complete Seta of the Work are still for sale. CONSIDERATIONS ON THE CURREN- CY AND BANKING SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES. By ALBERT GALLA- SONGS OF THE AFFECTIONS. By FELICIA HEMANS. Royal 18mo. SCOTT, COOPER, AND WASHINGTON IRVING. BY SIR WALTER SCOTT. COUNT ROBERT OF PARIS, a Tale of the Lower Empire. By the Author of Wa verley. In 3 vols. "The reader will at once perceive that the subject the characters and the scenes of action, could not have been better selected for the display of the various and un equalled powers of the author. All that is glorious in art. and splendid in arms the glitter of armor, the pomp 01 war, and the splendor of chivalry the gorgeous scenery of the Bosphorus the ruins of Byzantium the magnifi cence of the Grecian capital, and'the richness and volup tuousness of the imperial court, will rise before the reader in a succession of beautiful and dazzling images." Com mercial Advertiser. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIR WALTER SCOTT. With a Portrait. " This is a delightful volume, which cannot fail to sat isfy every reader, and of which the contents ought to be known to all those who would be deemed conversant with the literature of our era." National Gazette. HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. In 2 vols. " The History of Scotland, by Sir Walter Scott, we do not hesitate to declare, will be, if possible, more exten- sively read, than the most popular work of fiction, by the iame prolific author, and for this obvious reason: it com )ines much of the brilliant coloring of the Ivanhoe pic 'ures of by-gone manners, and all the graceful facility of tyle and picturesque ness of description of his other charming romances, with a minute fidelity to the facts of history, and a searching scrutiny into their authenti- city and relative value, which might put to the blush Mr. Hume and other professed historians. Such is the nagic charm of Sir Walter Scott's pen, it has only to .ouch the simplest incident of every-day life, and it starts up invested with all the interest of a scene of romance ; and yet such is his fidelity to the text of nature, that the cnights, and serfs, and collared fools with whom his in- ventive genius has peopled so many volumes, are regarded >y us as not mere creations of fancy, but as real flesh and blood existences, with all the virtues, feelings and errors if common-place humanity." Lit. Gazette. TALES OF A GRANDFATHER, being a series from French History. By the Author of WAVERLEY. BY MR. COOPER. THE BRAVO. By the Author of the SPY, PILOT, &c. In 2 vols. THE WATER- WITCH, OR THE SKIMMER OF THE SEAS. In 2 vols. ' We have no hesitation in classing this among the most powerful of the romances of our countryman." U. States Gazette. "We could ont break from the volumes, and may pre- lict that they will excite the same interest in the minds >f almost every reader. The concluding chapters produce ntense emotion." National Gazette. New Editions of the following Works by the same Author. NOTIONS OF THE AMERICANS, by a Travelling Bachelor, 2 vols. 12mo. THE WEPT OF WISH-TON-WISH, 2 vols. 12mo. THE RED ROVER, 2 vols. 12mo. THE SPY, 2 vols. 12mo. THE PIONEERS, 2 vols. 12mo. THE PILOT, a Tale of the Sea, 2 vols. 12mo. LIONEL LINCOLN, OR THE LEAGUER 01 BOSTON, 2 vols. THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS, 2 vols 12mo. THE PRAIRIE, 2 vols. 12mo. BY WASHINGTON IRVING. VOYAGES AND ADVENTURES OF THE COMPANIONS OF COLUMBUS. By WASHINGTON IRVING, Author of the Life of Columbus, &c. 1 vol. 8vo. "Of the main work we may repeat that it possesses the value of important history and the magnetism of ro mantic adventure. It sustains in every respect the repu tation of Irving." " We may hope that the gifted author will treat in like manner the enterprises and exploits of Pizarro and Cortes ; and thus complete a series of elegant recitals, which will contribute to the esj>ecial gratifica- tion of Americans, and form an imperishable fund of delightful instruction for all ages and countries." Nat Gazette. " As he leads us from one savage tribe to another, as le paints successive scenes of heroism, perseverance ant self-denial, as he wanders among the magnificent scenes of nature, as he relates with scrupulous fidelity the errors, and the crimes, even of those whose lives are for he most part marked with traits to command admira ion, and perhaps esteem everywhere we find him the aine undeviating, but beautiful moralist, gathering fron ?very incident some lesson to present in striking Ian guage to the reason and the heart." Am. Quarterly Re- new. " This is a delightful volume; for the preface truly says hat the expeditions narrated and springing out of the 'oyages of Columbus may be compared with attempts of idventurous knights-errant to achieve the enterprise left infinished by some illustrious predecessors Washington rving's name is a pledge how well their stories will be old: and we only regret that we must of necessity defer ur extracts for a week." London Lit. Gazette. A CHRONICLE OF THE CONQUEST OF GRENADA. By WASHINGTON IRVING, Esq. In 2 vols. " On the whole, this work will sustain the high fame )f Washington Irving. It fills a blank in the historical ibrary which ought not to have remained so long a )lank. The language throughout is at once chaste and animated ; and the narrative may be said, like Spenser's ''airy Queen, to present one long gallery of splendid pic- ures." Land, Lit. Gazette. "Collecting his materials from various historians, and idopting in some degree trw tone and manner of a monk- sh chronicler, he has embodied them in a narrative whish n manner reminds us of the rich and storied pages of ''roissart He dwells on the feats of chivalry performed iy the Christian Knights, with all the ardor which might )e expected from a priest, who mixed, according to the sage of the times, not only in the palaces of courtly obles, and their gay festivals, as an honored and wel- ome guest, but who was their companion in the camp, nd their spiritual and indeed bodily comforter and as- istant in the field of battle. Jim. Quarterly Review. New Editions of the following Works ly the same Author. THE SKETCH BOOK, 2 vois. 12mo. KNICKERBOCKER'S HISTORY OF NEW YORK, revised and corrected. 2 vols. BRACEBRIDGE HALL, OR THE HUMOR- ISTS, 2 vols. 12mo. TALES OF A TRAVELLER, 2 vols. 12mo. TRAVELS, AtfXUALS, &c. NOTES ON ITALY, during the years 1829-30. By REMBRANDT PEALE. In 1 vol. 8vo. "This artist will gratify all reasonable expectation; he is neither ostentatious, nor dogmatical, nor too mi- lute ; he is not a partisan nor a carper ; he admires with- out servility, he criticises without malevolence; his frankness and good humor give an agreeable color and effect to all his decisions, and the object of them ; his book leaves a useful general idea of the names, works, and de- sorts, of the great masters; it is an instructive and enter- taining index." JVa. Gaz. " We have made a copious extract in preceding columns from this interesting work of our countryman, Rembrandt Peale, recently published. It has received high commen- dation from respectable sources, which is justified by the portions we have seen extracted." CommercialJldvertiser. Mr. Peale must be allowed the credit of candor and entire freedom from affectation in the judgments he has passed. At the same time, we should not omit to notice the variety, extent, and minuteness of his examinations. No church, gallery, or collection, was passed by, and most of the individual pictures are separately and carefully noticed." 1m. Quarterly Review. FRAGMENTS OF VOYAGES AND TRAV- ELS, INCLUDING ANECDOTES OF NAVAL LIFE ; intended chiefly for the Use of Young Persons. By BASIL HALL, Capt. R. N. In 2 vols. royal 18mo. ' His volumes consist of a melange of autobiography, naval anecdotes, and sketches of a somewhat discursive ature, which we have felt much pleasure in perusing." 'The title page to these volumes indicates their being chiefly intended for young persons, but we are much mis- taken if the race of gray-beards will be among the least numerous of the readers of ' midshipmen's pranks and the humors of the green room. 1 " Lit. Oazette. A TOUR IN AMERICA. By BASIL HALL, Capt. R. N. In 2 vols. 12mo. SKETCHES OF CHINA, with Illustrations from Original Drawings. By W. W. WOOD. In 1 vol. 12mo. " The residence of the author in China, during the years 1826-7-8 and 9, has enabled him to collect much very curious information relative to this singular people, which he has embodied in his work; and will serve to gratify the curiosity of many whose time or dispositions do not allow them to seek, in the voluminous writings of the Jesuits and early travellers, the information contained the present work. The recent discussion relative to the renewal of the East India Company's Charter, has xcitcil much interest; and among ourselves, the desire to be further acquainted with the subjects of 'the Celes- tial Empire,' has been considerably augmented." EXPEDITION TO THE SOURCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI, Executed by order of the Government of the United States. By MA- JOR S. H. LONG. In 2 vols. 8vo. With Plates. HISTORICAL, CHRONOLOGICAL, GEO- GRAPHICAL, AND STATISTICAL AT- LAS OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERI- CA, AND THE WEST INDIES, with all their Divisions into States, Kingdoms, &c. on the Plan of Le Sage, and intended as a companion to Lavoisne's Atlas. In 1 vol. folio, containing 54 Maps. Third Edition, improved and enlarged. ATLANTIC SOUVENIR, FOR 1832. This volume is superbly bound in embossed leather, and ornamented with numerous plates, executed in the best style, by the first artists. No expense has been spared in the endeavor to render it worthy of the purpose for which it is intended. EMBELLISHMENTS. 1. The Hungarian Prin- cess, engraved by Illman and Pillbrow, from a picture by Holmes. 2. The Bower of Paphos, engraved by Ellis, from a picture by Martin. 3. The Duchess and Sancho, engraved by Du- rand, from a picture by Leslie. 4. Richard and Saladin, engraved by Ellis, from a picture by Cooper. 5. The Rocky Mountains, engraved by Hatch and Smilie, from a picture by Doughty. 6. Lord Byron in Early Youth, engraved by Ellis, from a picture by Saunders. 7. Tiger Island, engraved by Neagle, from a picture by Stanfield. 8. The Blacksmith, engraved by Kelly, from a picture by Neagle. 9. The Tight Shoe, engraved by Kelly, from a picture by Richter. 10. Isadore, engraved by Illman and Pillbrow, from a picture by Jackson. 11. The Dutch Maiden, engraved by Neagle, from a picture by Newton. 12. The Mother's Grave, engraved by Neagle, from a picture by Schaffer. ATLANTIC SOUVENIR FOR 1831. EMBELLISHMENTS. 1. Frontispiece. The Shipwrecked Family, engraved by Ellis, from a picture by Burnet. 2. Shipwreck off Fort Rouge, Calais, engraved by Ellis, from a pic- ture by Stanfield. 3. Infancy, engraved by Kelly, from a picture by Sir Thomas Law- rence. 4. Lady Jane Grey, engraved by Kelly, from a picture by Leslie. 5. Three Score and Ten, engraved by Kearny, from a picture by Burnet. 6. The Hour of Rest, engraved by Kelly, from a picture by Burnet. 7. The Min- strel, engraved by Ellis, from a picture by Les- lie. 8. Arcadia, engraved by Kearny, from a picture by Cockerell. 9. The Fisherman's Return, engraved by Neagle, from a picture by Collins. 10. The Marchioness of Carmar- then, granddaughter of Charles Carroll of Car- rollton, engraved by Illman and Pillbrow, from a picture by Mrs. Mee. 11. Morning among the Hills, engraved by Hatch, from a picture by Doughty. 12. Los Musicos, engraved by Ellis, from a picture by Watteau. A few copies of the ATLANTIC SOUVE- NIR, for 1830, are still for sale. THE BOOK OF THE SEASONS. By WILLIAM HOWITT. "Since the publication of the Journal of a Naturalist, no work at once so interesting and instructive as the Book of the Seasons has been submitted to the public. Whether in reference to the utility of its design, or the grace and beauty of its execution, it will amply merit the popularity it is certain to obtain. It is, indeed, cheering and refreshing to meet with such a delightful volume, so full of nature and truth in which reflection and experi- ence derive aid from imagination in which we are taught much ; but in such a manner as to make it doubt- ful whether we have not been amusing ourselves all the time we have been reading." JVezo Monthly Magazine. " The Book of the Seasons is a delightful book, and recommended to all lovers of nature." Blackwood's Mag- azine. EDUCATION. LESSONS ON THINGS, intended to improve Children in the Practice of Observation, Re- flection and Description, on the System of PESTALOZZI, edited by JOHN FROST, A. M. The publishers request the attention of teachers, school committees, and all who are desirous of improving 1 the methods of instruc- tion, to this work, which is on a plan hitherto unattempted by any school-book in this coun- try, and which has been attended with extra- ordinary success in England. The following remarks on the work are ex- tracted from the " Quarterly Journal of Edu- cation." "This little volume is a 'corrected and re-corrected' edi- tion of lessons actually given to children, and, therefore, possesses a value to which no book made in the closet can lay claim, being the result of actual experiment. The work consists of a number of lessons, divided into five series; beginning with subjects the most easy and elementary, it gradually increases in difficulty, each suc- cessive step being adapted to the mind of the child as it acquires fresh stores of knowledge. " Every part of these lessons is interesting to the child, both on account of the active operation into which his own mind is necessarily called by the manner in which the lessons are given ; and also by the attractive nature of many of the materials which form the subject of the lessons. In the first and most elementary series, the pupil is simply taught to make a right use of his organs of sense, and to exercise his judgment so far only as relates to tlio objects about him; and accordingly the matter brought before him at this stage, is such that its obvious properties can be discovered and described by a child who has acquired a tolerable knowledge of his mother tongue." OUTLINES OF HISTORY, from the Earliest Records to the Present Time. Prepared for the Use of Schools, with Questions, by JOHN FROST, A. M. " The main object of the work is, by giving a selection of interesting and striking facts from more elaborate his- tories, properly and carefully arranged, with chronological tables, to render the study of general history less dry and repulsive than it has been heretofore. This, we think is fully accomplished. Very great care appears to have been bestowed on the selections, and in arranging the chrono- logical tables, as well as in the classification of the his- torical matter into parts and chapters. The work will sufficiently recommend itself to all who examine it." Sat. Evening Post. "To concentrate in one comparatively small volume, a complete epitome of the entire history of the world, an- cient and modern, so treated as to present a correct image of it, would seem to be an object to be wished for, rather than expected ; the ' Outlines of History,' however, realize this object ''Asiatic Journal. "We consider that Mr. F has done a service to schools, by the time and labor which he has bestowed upon this work; the marginal dates will be found of great service, but the chapters of questions upon the text, and upon the maps, to illustrate the geography of the history, will es- pecially recommend the work to the attention of teach- ers.''^. Gazette. Philadelphia, July NKA, 1831. "The 'Outlines of History.' I consider an excellent class-book of general history for the use of schools. The questions added by Mr. Frost, are a most valuable auxili- ary for the teacher as'well as the pupil. I shall use the 'Outlines' in my school, and cordially recommend it to parents and teachers. S. C. WALKER." Philadelphia, April 30A, 1831. " DEAR SIR, I have just received a copy of your edition of the 'Outlines of History.' From a cursory perusal, I am disposed to give it a high rank as a school-book. So well satisfied ani I with the arrangement and execution of the work, that I intend to put it immediately into the hands of a class in my own school. " Very respectfully, your obedient servant, " MR. JOHN- FROST." " LEVI FLETCHER. TRENCH AND SPANISH. BY A. BOLMAR. A COLLECTION OF COLLOQUIAL PHRASES on every Topic necessary to main- tain Conversation, arranged under different heads, with numerous remarks on the peculiar pronunciation and use of various words the whole so disposed as considerably to facilitate the acquisition of a correct pronunciation of the French. By A. BOLMAR. One vol. 18mo. A SELECTION OF ONE HUNDRED PERRIN'S FABLES, accompanied by a Key, containing the text, a literal and free trans- lation, arranged in such a manner as to point out the difference between the French and the English idiom, also a figured pronunciation of the French, according to the best French works extant on the subject; the whole preceded by a short treatise on the sounds of the French language, compared with those of the English. LES AVENTURES DE TELEMAQUE PAR FENELON, accompanied by a Key to the first eight books ; containing like the Fa- bles the Text a Literal and Free Trans- lation ; intended as a Sequel to the Fables. The expression 'figured pronunciation,' is above em- ployed to express that the words in the Key to the French Fables are spelt and divided as they are pronounced. It what WALKER has done in his Critical Pronouncing Di tionary ; for instance, he indicates the pronunciation of the word enough, by dividing and spelling it t/ius, e-nuf. In the same manner I indicate the pronunciation f the word comptaient thus, kon-to. As the understanding of the figured pronunciation of WALKER requires the student to be acquainted with the primitive sounds of the English vote- els, he must likewise, before he can understand the figured pronunciation of the French, make himself acquainted with the 20 primitive sounds of the French vowels. This any intelligent person can get from a native, or from a* who reads French well, in a few hours. A COMPLETE TREATISE ON THE GEN- DERS OF FRENCH NOUNS; in a small pamphlet of fourteen pages. This little work, which is the most complete of the kind, is the fruit of great labor, and will prove of immense service to every learner. ALL THE FRENCH VERBS, BOTH REG- ULAR AND IRREGULAR, in a small volume. The verbs elre to be, avoir to have, parler to speak, finir to finish, recevoir to receive, vendre to sell, se \ever to rise, se bien porter to be well, s'en aJler to go away, are here all conjugated through affirmatively negatively interrogatively and negatively and in- terrogatively an arrangement which will greatly fa- cilitate the' scholar in his learning the French verbs, and which will save the master the trouble of explain- ing over and over again what may be much more easily learned from books, thus leaving him more time to give his pupil, during the lesson, that instruction which cannot be found in books, but which must be learned from a master. NEUMAN'S SPANISH AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY. New Edition, in one vol. 16mo. CLASSICAL LITERATURE. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY op THE GREEK CLASSIC POETS, for the use of Young Persons at School or College. Contents. General Introduction; Ho- meric Questions ; Life of Homer ; Iliad ; Odyssey; Margites; Batrachomyomachia ; Hymns ; Hesiod. By Henry Nelson Cole- ridge. " We have been highly pleased with this little volume. This work supplies a want which we have often painfully oil, and affords a manual which we should gladly see >laced in the hands of every embryo under-graduate. We look forward to the next portion of this work with very eager and impatient expectation." British Critic. " Mr. Coleridge's work not only deserves the praise of :lear, eloquent and scholar like exposition of the prelimi- nary matter, which is necessary in order to understand and enter into the character of the great Poet of anti- uity; but it has likewise the more rare merit of being dmirably adapted for its acknowledged purpose. It is vritten in that fresh and ardent spirit, which to the con- genial mind of youth, will convey instruction in the nost effective manner, by awakening the desire of it; .nd by enlisting the lively and buoyant feelings in the arvice we could render West India proprietors, than in ecomrnending the study of Mr. Porter's volume." Spec- tator. " The work before us contains such valuable, scientific, and practical information, that we have no doubt it will <* very a d /ork, and bring it into very geeral circulation. I know f none which in all respects would supply its place." " The abridged but classical and excellent work of But, r, on Ancient Geography, which you are printing as an ccornpaniment to the maps, I consider one of the most ttractive works of the kind, especially for young persons tinlying the classics, that has come under my notice. I vish you the most ample success in these highly useful ublications." . , connected with our sugar co\ome S ."-Mont/dy Magazine. A TREATISE ON MECHANICS. By JAMES [>-.,.,, T? cn p rn fpcnr nf Natural KENWICK, l^bq. ifO Experimental Philosophy, Columbia College, AT V Tn Hvr> with nnmprmis pnoravino-s 1N ' *' ln 8m Wltn n engravings. fitfstorg, antr THE CHEMISTRY OP THE ARTS, on the basis of Gray's Operative Chemist* toeing an Exhibition of the Arts and Mauufac<" tures dependent on Chemical Principles, with numerous Engravings, l>y ARTHUR I*. PORTER, M. D. late Professor of Chemistry,