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 * 
 
 
 m
 
 

 
 American
 
 JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, 
 
 AFTER THE BUST BY 
 WILLIAM ORDWAY PARTRIDGE.
 
 (American 
 
 2 
 
 game* 
 
 ^ ^ (Cuppfe^ 
 
 250
 
 Copyright, 1892, 
 BY J. G. CUPPLES. 
 
 All rights reserved.
 
 INTRODUCTION vii 
 
 BEFORE THE EDINBURGH PHILOSOPH 
 ICAL INSTITUTION ... i 
 BEFORE THE LONDON CHAMBER OF 
 
 COMMERCE 9 
 
 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE 15 
 ON ROBERT BROWNING . . . 21 
 AT THE UNVEILING OF THE GRAY 
 
 MEMORIAL 25 
 
 BEFORE THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE 
 
 CITY OF WORCESTER 33 
 ON INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION . 39 
 AT A ROYAL ACADEMY DINNER . 47 
 AT THE STRATFORD MEMORIAL FOUN 
 TAIN PRESENTATION 57 
 AT THE DINNER TO AMERICAN AU 
 THORS 63 
 
 BEFORE THE LIVERPOOL PHILOMATHIC 
 
 SOCIETY Si
 
 AMONG his many titles to the 
 special consideration and gratitude 
 of his countrymen, James Russell 
 Lowell had one in pre-eminence an un 
 yielding loyalty to all that was best in 
 American ideas and aims. It was this 
 quality that gave point to the wit of 
 Hosea Biglow, and loftiness to his im 
 agination in his more serious poems. In 
 the earliest of the Biglow papers, he 
 calls upon Massachusetts to 
 
 " Hold up a beacon peerless 
 To the oppressed of all the World," 
 
 and the tone is not changed to his very 
 latest utterance. In that Commemo 
 ration Ode, which will remain the crown 
 of his literary and poetical work, his 
 passion found its highest expression: 
 
 "O Beautiful! My Country ! * * * 
 Smoothing thy gold of war-dishevelled hair 
 O er such sweet brows as never other wore 
 
 ******** 
 
 What words divine of lover or of poet 
 Could tell our love and make thee know 
 
 it 
 
 Among the Nations bright beyond com 
 pare ? "
 
 viii ^ntrotmction. 
 
 An impression has prevailed and 
 has gained credence at some times 
 and in some places, that, in his later years, 
 and in the presence of a society differ 
 ently organized from that which he found 
 at home, the ardor of his love of country 
 was quenched : that he became less 
 an American as he saw more of other 
 lands. What is it to be an American ? 
 The definition may vary, in different 
 regions. What was it, always, with 
 him ? If to be an American means 
 merely to be successful in a large 
 and worldly way whether in politics, 
 or in business, or in letters ; to out- 
 talk, out-spend, out-bid, out-invent 
 others ; to drive faster ; to travel 
 farther ; to push harder ; to build 
 bigger houses ; to found more richly en 
 dowed Universities ; to construct greater 
 Observatories; to establish more and larg 
 er public libraries : if to do these and 
 similar things is all that goes to make 
 an American the charge is true. In 
 such sense, Mr. Lowell was not so good 
 an American as some others. But, in 
 the larger and truer sense : in striving 
 for all that goes to make a people more 
 noble in aim, more humane, more intelli-
 
 ^ntrotmction, ix 
 
 gent, more peace-loving, more free, more 
 self-respecting, more artistic, in short 
 more fully men and women of the best 
 type, Mr. Lowell may well be accepted 
 as the representative American, of whom 
 we should all be proud. 
 
 It was his rare fortune to be Minister of 
 the United States to Great Britain during 
 a most interesting period. The serious 
 troubles which had grown out of the 
 wrong we had suffered at her hands dur 
 ing the civil war had been happily ended. 
 The era of reconciliation had begun. In 
 what light should we stand before the 
 world, after winning the great verdict 
 in the Alabama case: as a community 
 of sharp traders, condoning a great na 
 tional wrong for a petty sum of money ? 
 or as a people striving chiefly for 
 the maintenance of the true principles of 
 national honor and international comity? 
 Mr. Lowell, perhaps more than any 
 one in America, was the man who, 
 by training, by culture, by scholarship, 
 by attainments in the world of letters, 
 by unsullied character, was fitted to pre 
 sent to the English people an embodi 
 ment of Americanism, in its best expres 
 sion. More than that : he was emi-
 
 ^fntrotmction. 
 
 nently fitted to illustrate that idea, and 
 give it weight, dignity and authority. 
 In all his intercourse with the aristo 
 cratic representatives of privileged 
 countries, he the plain, untitled repre 
 sentative of a democratic government 
 proud to stand for a people with whom 
 liberty and equality were supreme terms 
 more than held his own in every trial 
 of intellect, of courtesy, of wit, of all 
 that wins in society and the world. So, 
 at last, no circle was complete without 
 him : to claim him as guest was mat 
 ter of emulation. 
 
 Some of these things are, in a certain 
 sense, of small account. Yet in a so 
 ciety so largely conventional as all diplo 
 matic society is, and of necessity must 
 be, it is much that an American should, 
 by common consent, stand at the head, 
 even in matters of ceremonial. It re 
 veals a quickness and versatility of 
 mind which is not common. A certain 
 native, spontaneous grace, both of words 
 and manner, characterized all Mr. Low 
 ell s utterances ; and it was so truly 
 genuine that it could not fail to 
 charm, when the mere external imita 
 tion was sure to repel.
 
 introduction, xi 
 
 The record which this little book gives 
 of his unstudied speeches and letters in 
 England shows how thoroughly imbued 
 he was with the American idea. It also 
 shows how strenuously he used every occa 
 sion to try to bring about a higher and 
 truer friendship between the two great 
 countries whose mission it seems to be 
 to uphold and extend regulated liberty 
 throughout the world. Some of these 
 speeches were made while he was 
 still accredited Minister to Great 
 Britain : others, after he had ceased to 
 hold the title, though he remained in 
 reality the true American representative 
 to that people. There is, perhaps, no 
 other instance of a citizen of the United 
 States holding such position, with ever 
 increasing regard, for years after he had 
 ceased to be titular representative. The 
 honors bestowed on him by the Univer 
 sities were more than out-done by the 
 honor in which he was held by the 
 people. The one was a tribute to 
 scholarship and attainments: the 
 other, a recognition of manhood and 
 integrity. 
 
 In the heroic years which made up so 
 large a part of the experience of all men
 
 x 
 
 in the United States from 1861 to 1865, 
 Mr. Lowell s part was as efficient as that 
 of many a general on the battle field. 
 When the era of peace and reconciliation 
 came, he maintained the same lofty 
 principles which had prompted all his 
 former actions and words. The spirit 
 which dictated " The Present Crisis " so 
 long ago as 1845, a ^ so dictated the 
 "Fourth of July Ode" in 1876. But 
 how different the tone of these two im 
 passioned lyrics ! The one a vigorous, 
 manly, resistless protest against the 
 
 " Sons of brutish Force and Darkness 
 Who have drenched the earth with blood:" 
 
 The other,a sublime thanksgiving for 
 the salvation of 
 
 "The Land to Human Nature dear." 
 
 It is in the light of these strenuous out 
 bursts of the unconquered spirit of inde 
 pendence that his words spoken in lighter 
 vein are to be read and considered. 
 Everywhere is the same faith and hope : 
 only, in these later speeches, they 
 find expression in words fitted for social 
 pleasantry and genial intercourse. 
 
 Nowhere do after-dinner speeches 
 which, with us, are usually momentary
 
 ^ntrotmction, xiii 
 
 and evanescent in effect carry so 
 much weight as in England. There 
 often a public dinner is an event. Ques 
 tions of peace or war : of party policy : of 
 methods of administration : of national 
 destiny, are often decided or directed 
 by words spoken at the dinner table. 
 Therefore, these speeches of Mr. Lowell 
 have a much greater significance than if 
 made on similar occasions with us. 
 In every one is to be found an earn 
 est endeavor, first to secure a higher 
 appreciation of his country than he 
 found prevailing among that insular and 
 self-contained people : and next to en 
 courage and stimulate the formation of 
 a real and sincere friendship between 
 the mother country and her over-grown 
 child. He gained these ends by the ex 
 ercise of unfailing tact, courtesy and 
 courage, which first disarmed criticism ; 
 and then by presenting considerations 
 which commanded respect and carried 
 conviction. Even his American humor 
 gained the appreciation of these lovers of 
 Punch. 
 
 The first of the speeches which are 
 here given was made in 1880 the last 
 in 1888. One invariable note is struck
 
 xiv introduction. 
 
 in them all. Beginning with that at 
 Edinburgh, he claims what we all 
 conceive to be true that the traditions 
 of English freedom and English civiliza 
 tion have not only been maintained, but 
 also extended, among us : and he refers, 
 with evident and just pride, to the quick 
 and intelligent appreciation of Carlyle 
 in America, long before he won recogni 
 tion in his own England. And, in his 
 last speech, on the eve of leaving Liver 
 pool to return home, he dwells with 
 great earnestness on the duty laid on 
 English-speaking races everywhere to 
 carry with them the great lessons of 
 liberty combined with order. 
 
 In all these evidently unstudied and 
 spontaneous expressions of his perma 
 nent feeling and conviction, Mr. Lowell 
 claims our hearty consideration. His 
 voice is everywhere and always loyal to 
 his native land, which he loved and 
 honored : to freedom, which he held 
 above all price : to that liberty and civili 
 zation which it is the joint mission of En 
 gland and America to maintain to the 
 uttermost. Difference of methods be 
 tween the two countries there may be: 
 but the end to be reached is the same.
 
 ^Fntrotwction. xv 
 
 To help reach this, Mr. Lowell gave his 
 best energies. His words had a power 
 beyond what he could have thought 
 possible. If there is now, in England, a 
 clearer appreciation of American ideas : 
 less of that condescension which was 
 once so evident in foreigners : more 
 readiness to see and to seek the best 
 rather than the worst in our modes of 
 life and thought : a clearer understand 
 ing that, at heart, we are one people 
 a very large share of that improved con 
 dition is clue to James Russell Lowell. 
 The method of securing that better un 
 derstanding was not by denying or ig 
 noring certain manifest short-comings or 
 over-doings : but by constantly holding 
 up to the world the best we had done, or 
 striven to do : an;l, more than all, by 
 illustrating it in his own person: so 
 that even our enemies were compelled 
 to confess that there must be some good 
 in our land, if such men as he were the 
 
 " New birth of our new soil. " 
 
 HENRY STONE. 
 BOSTON, 
 January i, 1892.
 
 for 
 
 i. 
 
 BEFORE THE EDINBURGH PHILOSOPH 
 ICAL INSTITUTION. 
 
 ON Saturday evening, November 6, 
 1880, the directors of the Edin 
 burgh Philosophical Institution 
 entertained Mr. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, 
 American Minister, at dinner in the Bal 
 moral Hotel in that city. Dr. W. Smith, 
 senior vice-president of the institution, 
 occupied the chair, and among others 
 present were the Earl of Rosebery, Lord 
 Reay, Principal Sir Alexander Grant, the 
 Rev. Professor Flint, and Professor 
 Blackie. Mr. LOWELL, in returning 
 thanks for the toast of his health, said : 
 
 He thought that they in America 
 had done quite their share of work in 
 their short life, although he was
 
 American 
 
 always inclined to question the state 
 ment that they were a young people. 
 It was supposed, somehow or other, 
 that they were autochthonic ; that 
 they had sprung from the earth of 
 America, as the Athenians were 
 said to have done from the soil 
 of Attica. But it was nothing of 
 the kind. If he might be allowed to 
 say so, they began where those in 
 this country left off. It must be re 
 membered that they took with them 
 all the traditions of English freedom 
 and of English civilization, and that 
 they not only maintained them, but, 
 in his humble judgment, carried 
 them further. (Cheers^ 
 
 Mr. LOWELL concluded by referring to 
 early association on his part with Edin 
 burgh.
 
 American 
 
 Afterwards, proposing "The health of 
 Mr. Carlyle and the Philosophical In 
 stitution of Edinburgh," Mr. LOWELL said 
 that 
 
 America in a certain sense per 
 formed the office of posterity to Eng 
 land and Scotland. Their authors 
 were first recognized across the At 
 lantic. (Cheers.} He would not say 
 it was owing to quicker percep 
 tion, but rather to their clearness of 
 atmosphere (laughter) that they had 
 this luck sometimes. He remem 
 bered particularly a book which was 
 published while he was still at col 
 lege, and which produced in his young 
 mind as great a ferment as it did 
 among all his contemporaries. That 
 book was " Sartor Resartus." (Cheers.} 
 It was first collected and published in
 
 American 
 
 the year 1836 in the city of Bos 
 ton, in the United States of 
 America (cheers) ; and it there re 
 ceived its first approbation. Their 
 chairman, Dr. Smith, had told him 
 during the course of the evening 
 that when "Sartor Resartus " first 
 began to appear in Fraser s Magazine 
 the editor received two letters, one 
 from an Irishman, if he was not mis 
 taken, saying that if that particular 
 kind of stuff describing it with what 
 usually began with a " d " (laughter) 
 was to be continued he wished his 
 subscription to be stopped. The other 
 letter was from an American, saying 
 that if the writer of " Sartor Resartus" 
 in Frasers Magazine had written 
 anything else he wished it all to
 
 American 
 
 be sent to him. {Laughter?) The 
 second writer was a man he knew 
 well Ralph Waldo Emerson. 
 (Clieers.} He remembered being 
 very much struck many years ago 
 with something which Thackeray said 
 to him. It was that Carlyle was his 
 master. That was said nearly thirty 
 years ago. The other day he took up 
 a number of the Nineteenth Century, 
 and in an article by Mr. Ruskin he 
 observed that he said Carlyle was 
 his master. This coincidence, the dif 
 ference between Thackeray and Rus 
 kin being remembered, only showed, 
 he thought, the universality of Car- 
 lyle s influence. (Cheers.} He meant 
 to say that Carlyle approached dif 
 ferent men on different sides, which
 
 American 
 
 was one of the strongest marks that 
 could be mentioned of genius. Car- 
 lyle had found an approach to their 
 intellects and to their hearts, to the 
 intellects and hearts of a great variety 
 of men of different nations. He had 
 introduced a new style a peculiarly 
 English style of looking at things, 
 quite as much as Sir Walter Scott in 
 troduced a new style of novel-writing. 
 Sir Walter Scott, he considered, was 
 the greatest story-teller of the age. 
 (Cheers?) Carlyle had the surpris 
 ing gift of expressing poetic thought 
 in prose. (Cheers.) It was par 
 ticularly their gratitude to him on 
 the moral and human side that 
 they would feel in drinking, not 
 only with enthusiasm, but with a sort
 
 American 
 
 of reverence, the health of Mr. Car- 
 lyle. 
 
 The toast was received with much 
 enthusiasm. Other toasts followed.
 
 II. 
 
 BEFORE THE LONDON CHAMBER OF 
 COMMERCE. 
 
 THE second annual dinner of the 
 London Chamber of Commerce, 
 which was incorporated in 1881, was held 
 on the evening of January 29, 1883, in 
 the Cannon-street Hotel, the Right Hon. 
 H. C. E. Childers, M. P., Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer, in the chair. The com 
 pany, which numbered about 180, in 
 cluded representatives not only of the 
 great commercial communities of Lon 
 don and all the most important of our 
 colonies, but of the English-speaking 
 race in every part of the world. 
 
 On the chairman s left sat the Hon. J. 
 RUSSELL LOWELL, D. C. L., United States 
 Minister. 
 
 In proposing "The Chambers of Com 
 merce of the United Kingdom and of 
 the Whole World," he said : 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN, MY LORDS AND 
 GENTLEMEN, I was a few moments 
 ago discussing with my excellent
 
 io American 
 
 friend upon the left what a diploma 
 tist might be permitted to say, and I 
 think the result of the discussion 
 was that he was left to his choice 
 between saying nothing that had 
 any meaning or saying something 
 that had several (laughter) ; and 
 as one of those diplomatists to 
 whom the Under Secretary for 
 Foreign Affairs alluded a short 
 time ago I should rather choose the 
 latter course, because it gives one 
 afterwards a selection when the time 
 for explanation comes round. (Laugli- 
 ter^) I shall not detain you long, for 
 I know that there are speakers both 
 on the right and on the left of me 
 who are impatient to burst the 
 bud ; and I know that I have not
 
 American 
 
 been selected for the pleasant duty 
 that has been assigned to me for any 
 merits of my own. (Cries of dissent.^) 
 You will allow me to choose my 
 own reason, gentlemen. I repeat, 
 I have not been chosen so much for 
 my own merits as for the opportu 
 nity afforded you of giving expression 
 to your kindness and good feeling 
 towards the country I represent 
 (cheers) a country which exempli 
 fies what the colonies of England may 
 come to if they are not wisely treated. 
 (Laughter and cheers.) Speaking for 
 myself and for one or two of my com 
 patriots whom I see here present, I 
 should certainly say that that was no 
 unpleasant destiny in itself. But I 
 do not, nor do my countrymen, desire
 
 12 American 
 
 that those great commonwealths 
 which are now joined to England by 
 so many filial ties should ever be sep 
 arated from her. 
 
 I am asked to-night to propose the 
 " Chambers of Commerce of the 
 United Kingdom and of the World," 
 and I might, if the clock did not 
 warn me against it (" Go on ") 
 if my own temperament did not stand 
 a little in the way I might say to 
 you something very solemn on the 
 subject of commerce. I might say 
 how commerce, if not a great civilizer 
 in itself, had always been a great in 
 termediary and vehicle of civilization. 
 I might say that all the great com 
 mercial States have been centres of 
 civilization, and centres of those
 
 American *$bt*$. 13 
 
 forces which keep civilization from 
 becoming stupid. I do not say 
 which is the post and which the 
 propter in this inference ; but I do 
 say that the two things have been 
 almost invariably associated. 
 
 One word as to commerce in another 
 relation which touches me more 
 nearly. Commerce and the rights 
 and advantages of commerce, ill un 
 derstood and ignorantly interpreted, 
 have often been the cause of animos 
 ities between nations. But commerce 
 rightly understood is a great pacifica 
 tor ; it brings men face to face for 
 barter. It is the great corrector of 
 the eccentricities and enormities of 
 nature and of the seasons, so that a 
 bad harvest and a bad season in Eng-
 
 14 American 
 
 land is a good season for Minnesota, 
 Kansas and Manitoba. 
 
 But, gentlemen, I will not detain 
 you longer. It gives me great pleas 
 ure to propose, as the representative 
 of the United States, the toast of 
 "The Chambers of Commerce of the 
 United Kingdom and of the Whole 
 World," with which I associate the 
 names of Mr. C. M. Norwood, M. P., 
 vice-president of the Associated 
 Chambers of the United Kingdom, 
 and the Hon. F. Strutt, president of 
 the Derby Chamber. (CJiecrs.~}
 
 III. 
 
 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 THE University of Cambridge having 
 under comparatively recent regula 
 tions given archaeology a definitely-recog 
 nized position among the subjects for the 
 Classical Tripos examination, has now 
 advanced another important step by es 
 tablishing a suitable home for classical 
 studies, and under the same roof has 
 provided a home for the antiquarian and 
 ethnological collections of the Univer 
 sity. For the past eleven years classical 
 archaeology has been systematically 
 taught, but what was previously carried 
 on under difficulties has been since 
 1884 pursued under advantageous cir 
 cumstances. New buildings were for 
 mally opened May 6, 1884, by the Vice- 
 Chancellor. Brief addresses were made 
 by the Vice-Chancellor and Prof. Colvin. 
 Mr. LOWELL then said : 
 
 He also regretted with the Vice- 
 Chancellor, both on his own account 
 and on theirs, the absence of the
 
 1 6 American 
 
 French Ambassador, who could have 
 spoken on archaeological subjects 
 from the position of a master. He 
 had been asked to say a few words, 
 and with sincerity he could say that 
 it always gave him great pleasure to 
 be the herald that brought to the old 
 home a message from the new. That 
 scarlet gown, which had suddenly con 
 verted him into a flaming minister 
 (laughter), reminded him that Cam 
 bridge had adopted him as one of 
 her children. (CJieers.} He there 
 fore felt charged to bring a message 
 from the new Cambridge in the New 
 World a message of filial respect 
 to the old Cambridge in the Old 
 World. There was also a propriety 
 in his being there, from the fact that
 
 American 3toea& 17 
 
 a. great deal of the interest which had 
 been felt in this undertaking had been 
 stimulated by the lectures and the 
 labors of a countryman of his own. 
 Having said this, he might naturally 
 be expected to take his seat, but he 
 knew he was not expected to do so. 
 He was compelled, like the Ancient 
 Mariner, to go on with his story, 
 whether he would or not. He often 
 thought of the African and the mon 
 key. The African had a notion that 
 the monkey could speak if he would, 
 but that he would not let anybody 
 know he could, for fear he should be 
 made to work. Now, he had to ac 
 knowledge a sort of prophylactic taci 
 turnity. He had only one word which 
 had some bearing on the subject. He
 
 is American 
 
 was exceedingly interested in going 
 through the museum, under the able 
 guidance of Professor Colvin. The 
 whole arrangement of it interested 
 him. Each cast, almost from the 
 rude fetish to the highest conception 
 of the human brain and the human 
 hand, was very striking. It was 
 more than striking ; it was most 
 hopeful and encouraging. As he 
 walked through the museum he could 
 not help remembering that 60 years 
 ago he saw in the museum at Boston 
 some casts from the antique, and the 
 ignorant delight which they first gave 
 to his eye ; he remembered also the 
 education they gave to his eye as he 
 grew older, and he should never for 
 get that debt. These impressions
 
 American 
 
 were of greater value and much more 
 operative when made early. He was 
 struck, in going through the museum 
 with Professor Colvin, with the vital 
 relation between aesthetic archaeology 
 (if they would allow him to call it so), 
 as represented in the museum, and 
 Greek literature. It seemed to him 
 that what one felt always when 
 brought into contact with the work of 
 Grecian hands or the production of 
 the Grecian brain was its powerful 
 vitality. By powerful vitality he did 
 not mean merely the life in itself, but 
 the vitality which it communicated. 
 Here, it seemed to him, was the 
 great value of being brought into 
 more intimate relation with the 
 Greeks. When he was looking that
 
 20 American 
 
 morning on the statue of Nike, the 
 original of which stands at the head 
 of the great staircase in the Louvre, 
 it seemed to him that it ought to be 
 the figure of one who stood on the 
 prow of the ship which brought the 
 news of the victory of Salamis. It 
 was not by any means certain, mixed 
 race that we were, that the existence 
 of a museum like that at Cambridge 
 would not stir in some one an ances 
 tral vigor, some hereditary quality or 
 faculty that should make him into an 
 artist.
 
 T 
 
 IV. 
 
 ON ROBERT BROWNING. 
 
 HE fashion of this world passed 
 
 away, but the fashion of those 
 things which belonged to the world of 
 imagination and it was most em 
 phatically in that world that Mr. 
 Browning had worked endured and 
 never passed. In 1848 Mr. Browning 
 said in a preface to a collection of his 
 poems that many of them were out 
 of print and of the rest a great num 
 ber had been withdrawn from circu 
 lation, which implied that even at 
 that time the size of his public was 
 very small. But he had fully demon 
 strated that he stood in no need of a 
 Browning Society to reinforce his
 
 22 American 
 
 native vigor, for, in spite of the in 
 difference of the public, he had con 
 stantly gone on, from that time to 
 this, producing and deepening the 
 impression which he had made upon 
 all thinking minds. It had been said 
 that he had no sense of form, but 
 this question depended upon the 
 meaning to be attached to that word. 
 One thing he thought was certain, 
 and that was that men who had dis 
 cussed form most, as for instance 
 Goethe, had not always been the 
 most successful in producing ex 
 amples of it. Certainly no one with 
 any sense of form could call " Faust " 
 other than formless. If form meant 
 the use of adequate and harmonious 
 means to produce a certain artistic
 
 American ^Dea^ 23 
 
 end, then he knew no one who had 
 given truer examples of it than the 
 great poet after whom that society 
 took its name. He thought there 
 was one danger in a Browning Society, 
 which was that it might lead them to 
 be partisans, and he thought he had 
 seen some symptoms of it. They 
 might be apt to insist upon people 
 admiring the inferior work of the 
 artist with his better work, and this 
 he thought would be an evil. Every 
 one who read Browning with atten 
 tion, and who loved him, must at the 
 same time admit that he was occa 
 sionally whirled away by the sweep 
 and torrent of his own abundance. 
 But after making these deductions, 
 there was no poet who had given us
 
 24 American 
 
 a greater variety or who had shown 
 more originality. Mr. Browning 
 abided with them. He was not a 
 fashion, nor did he belong to any one 
 period of their lives. What they felt 
 more clearly than anything else was 
 his strength. He was of all others a 
 masculine, a virile poet.
 
 V. 
 
 AT THE UNVEILING OF THE GRAY 
 MEMORIAL. 
 
 THE following address was delivered 
 on the occasion of the unveiling of 
 the bust of the poet Gray in the hall of 
 Pembroke College, Cambridge, May 26, 
 1885 : 
 
 I have been asked to say a few 
 words, but they must be very few, as 
 the train is waiting for me that takes 
 me back to keep an engagement. 
 Mr. Gosse has told you he has 
 been present at many memorial un- 
 veilings, and the newspapers inform 
 me that I also have been present at 
 the unveiling of perhaps too many. 
 But never have I been present on 
 any occasion with more pleasure than 
 on this. You have now, in the
 
 26 American 
 
 words which Lord Houghton quoted, 
 and which I would extend in a wider 
 sense than he did, a beautiful memo 
 rial to Gray in permanent form. We 
 also, thanks to Mr. Gosse, possess a 
 photograph of this memorial in per 
 manent form. But we have in our 
 hearts and memories, I think, a 
 memorial to the man quite as true 
 and quite as permanent that is, 
 permanent for us. Very few words 
 are fitting on an occasion which com 
 memorates the one of the English 
 poets who has written less and 
 pleased more perhaps than any other. 
 There is a certain appropriateness in 
 my speaking here to-day. I come 
 here to speak simply as the represen 
 tative of several countrymen and
 
 American ^btag. 27 
 
 countrywomen of mine who have re 
 newed that affirmation, which I like 
 always to renew, of the unity of our 
 English race by giving something 
 more solid than words in commemo 
 ration of the poet they loved. And 
 I think there is another claim which 
 I perhaps have for speaking here 
 to-day, and that is that the most 
 picturesque anecdote relative to the 
 life of Gray perhaps the most pic 
 turesque related of the life of any 
 poet, certainly of any English poet 
 belongs to the Western hemisphere ; 
 I mean the anecdote which connects 
 the name of Wolfe with that of Gray. 
 Nothing could have been more pic 
 turesque than the surroundings of 
 that saying of Wolfe s of that
 
 28 American 
 
 English hero and nothing could 
 have been more momentous than the 
 action and the consequence that fol 
 lowed from it, and which made the 
 United States, which I have lately 
 represented, possible. That, I think, 
 gives me a certain right also to speak 
 here. 
 
 I know that sometimes criticisms 
 are made upon Gray. I think 
 I have often heard him called by 
 some of our juniors "commonplace." 
 Upon my word, I think it a compli 
 ment. I think it shows a certain 
 generality of application in what 
 Gray has done, for if there is one 
 thing more than another I say 
 this to the young men whom I see 
 seated around both sides of the hall
 
 American *$bta$. 29 
 
 which insures the lead in life, it is 
 the commonplace. I have to measure 
 my poets, my authors, by their last 
 ing power, and I find Gray has a 
 great deal of it. He not only pleases 
 my youth and my age, but he pleases 
 other people s youth and age ; and I 
 cannot help thinking this is a proof 
 that he touches on human nature at 
 a great many periods and at a great 
 many levels, and, perhaps, that is as 
 high a compliment as can be paid to 
 the poet. There is, I admit, a cer 
 tain commonplaceness of sentiment 
 in his most famous poem, but I think 
 there is also a certain commonplace- 
 ness of sentiment in some verses that 
 have been famous for more than 3000 
 years. I think that when Homer
 
 30 American 
 
 saw somebody smiling through her 
 tears he said, on the whole, a com 
 monplace thing, but it touched our 
 feelings for a great many centuries ; 
 and I think that in the " Elegy in a 
 Country Churchyard " Gray has ex 
 pressed a simple sentiment, and as 
 long as there are young men and 
 middle-aged men, Gray s poem will 
 continue to be read and loved as in 
 the days when it was written. There 
 is a Spanish proverb which rebukes 
 those people who ask something 
 better than bread. Let those who 
 ask for something better get some 
 thing better than what Gray pro 
 duced. For my own part I ask noth 
 ing better. He was, perhaps, the 
 greatest artist in words that English
 
 American ^Ftieag, 31 
 
 literature has possessed. In con 
 clusion, let me say one word for my 
 self. This will probably be the last 
 occasion on which I shall have the 
 opportunity of addressing English 
 men in public ; and I wish to express 
 my heartfelt gratitude for the kind 
 ness which has surrounded me both 
 in my official and private life, and to 
 say that while I came here as a far-off 
 cousin, I feel you are sending me 
 away as something like a brother.
 
 VI. 
 
 BEFORE THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE 
 CITY OF WORCESTER. 
 
 THE following reply from the Hon. 
 J. RUSSELL LOWELL to an address 
 presented to him by the Mayor of 
 Worcester on behalf of the citizens was 
 read at the meeting of the Worcester 
 Town Council on the evening of June 2, 
 1885, and ordered to be recorded on the 
 minutes : 
 
 MR. MAYOR AND GENTLEMEN, 
 While I cannot but feel highly hon 
 ored by the beautiful proof you have 
 just given me that I am not forgotten 
 by the ever-faithful city, I value even 
 more the kindly sentiment which 
 prompted it, and to which you have 
 given such graceful expression. I 
 am well aware that it is to what I
 
 34 American 
 
 represent far more than to any merit 
 of my own that I owe this distinction, 
 and that consciousness makes it 
 doubly grateful to me. They who 
 endured exile and danger and every 
 form of hardship to found the great 
 kindred commonwealth beyond the 
 sea and what that exile must have 
 been they only can feel who know 
 how beautiful and how justly dear 
 was the land they left took with 
 them, not only such seeds as would 
 bear good fruit for the body, but those 
 also of many a familiar flower that 
 could serve only as food for senti 
 ment and affection. Yet the most 
 precious gems of all were those of 
 memory and tradition, that had the gift 
 of fern-seed to go with them invisibly.
 
 American ^Dea^ 35 
 
 They could not forget the land of 
 their birth, nor can we, their descen 
 dants, forget the land of our ancestry. 
 They fondly gave the old names to the 
 new hamlets they were planting in 
 the wilderness. The central county 
 of my native State is a namesake of 
 yours. It calls itself proudly the 
 heart of the Commonwealth, and its 
 beautiful chief city is Worcester. 
 You knew how to touch a chord of 
 tenderest association when, four 
 years ago, you claimed me as of 
 Worcestershire because my fore 
 fathers (the Lowells) had been so. 
 You have been pleased, Sir, to say 
 that I have done something to 
 strengthen the good feeling between 
 the two great households of the
 
 36 American 
 
 English family. I am glad to think 
 that I in any way deserve this praise, 
 for I look upon that good feeling as 
 of vital interest to the best hopes and 
 aspirations ef mankind. I am sure 
 that you will find my excellent suc 
 cessor animated by the same senti 
 ment, and as happy as I have always 
 been, while warmly loyal to the coun 
 try that is and should be the dearest 
 of all, to recognize ties of blood, of 
 language, and of kindred institutions 
 which make England the next dearest. 
 As for me, Sir, the precious gift 
 you have brought me, truly illumin 
 ated by its charming picture of build 
 ings, some of them dear for their 
 beauty, some because they recall your 
 kindness or that of friends who have
 
 American ^fceag, 37 
 
 made me feel as if, when I went to 
 Worcester, I was going home, is only 
 another witness of that universal 
 kindness (may I not say affection ?) 
 by which the land of my fathers 
 has gone near to make me fancy that 
 I was a son rather than a far-off 
 cousin. As such it will always be 
 justly dear to me and mine. 
 
 Wishing continued prosperity to the 
 city of Worcester, I remain, etc., 
 
 J. R. LOWELL.
 
 VII. 
 
 ON INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION. 
 
 A NUMEROUS deputation from the 
 Workmen s Peace Association, 
 headed by Mr. W. R. Cremer, waited on 
 Mr. LOWELL, at the official residence in 
 Albemarle street, on the evening of June 
 6, 1885, for the purpose of presenting to 
 him an address preparatory to his leav 
 ing England for the United States. Mr. 
 LOWELL, in reply, said : 
 
 I have been exceedingly touched 
 latterly by the kindness which I have 
 received here in England from all 
 classes, but never have I been more 
 profoundly touched than by the depu 
 tation that has now waited upon me 
 to express the kind wishes of the 
 English Workingmen. I have twice 
 had the pleasure of addressing work 
 ing men since I have been in Eng-
 
 40 American 
 
 land, and I have been gratified to find 
 that, among all the audiences to 
 whom I have spoken, there were 
 none more intelligent. They were ex 
 ceedingly quick to catch all points and 
 exceedingly agreeable to talk to. 
 
 You must not think that I have 
 forgotten the part taken by the work 
 ing men of England during our civil 
 war I won t say on behalf of the 
 North, because now we are a united 
 people on the side of good order 
 and freedom ; and on the only occa 
 sion when I had an opportunity of 
 saying so that was when speaking 
 to the provincial press in London I 
 alluded to the subject. I agree with 
 you entirely on the importance of a 
 good understanding and much more
 
 American 3&ea. 41 
 
 between England and the United 
 States, and between the two chief 
 branches of the Anglo-Saxon race. 
 I think you exaggerate a good 
 deal of my own merit in relation 
 to anything of that sort, but I 
 have always had a feeling about me 
 that a war between the two countries 
 would be a civil war, and I believe a 
 cordial understanding between them 
 to be absolutely essential, not only to 
 the progress of reasonable liberty, 
 but its preservation and its extension 
 to other races. (Hear, hear.} 
 
 It is a particular pleasure to me on 
 another account to meet English 
 workmen. I notice that, however 
 ardent they may be in their aspira 
 tions and however theoretical on
 
 42 American 
 
 some points, they are always reason 
 able. The individual man may set 
 the impossible before him as some 
 thing to be obtained, but I think 
 those communities of men have pros 
 pered the best who have aimed at 
 what is possible. We see daily illus 
 trations of that, and anybody who 
 has studied the history of France 
 would be convinced that, though 
 England has a form of Government 
 not so free as that country, yet you 
 have made a greater advance towards 
 good will among men and towards 
 peace than France has done. I do 
 not wish you to suppose that I am 
 out of sympathy with what I call the 
 French Revolution although I con 
 sider it an enormous misfortune,
 
 American 5F&ca& 43 
 
 which might have been prevented, 
 and France saved from many evil 
 consequences that followed but the 
 manner in which it took place we 
 ought all to regard. 
 
 Since I have been in England I 
 have done something, I trust, to pro 
 mote a cordial feeling between this 
 country and the United States. That 
 has been my earnest desire always, 
 and I hope I have to some extent 
 succeeded. You will allow me to 
 thank you warmly for this address, 
 which I shall always feel to be among 
 my most precious possessions, and I 
 shall carry to the workmen on the 
 other side of the Atlantic the mes 
 sage expressive of your sympathy 
 and hope. I hope the occasion will
 
 44 American 
 
 not ever arise even for arbitration. 
 I think if we can talk together face 
 to face we shall be able to settle all 
 differences. I am certain that the 
 relations between the two countries 
 are now of a most amicable and 
 friendly kind, and I am sure that my 
 successor is as strongly impressed as 
 I could be with the necessity of 
 strengthening those friendly rela 
 tions. I trust the necessity for arbi 
 tration may never arise between us ; 
 I do not think it will. 
 
 You will again allow me to give you 
 my most hearty and profound thanks 
 for the kindness you have done me and 
 to wish you all manner of prosperity. I 
 trust also that that reign of peace to 
 which you allude may come soon and
 
 American 5FDea. 45 
 
 last long. I appreciate extremely 
 what Mr. Cremer said as to your 
 sympathy with the Northern States 
 in the Civil War, with whom no one 
 could help sympathizing if they went 
 to the root of the matter. I believe 
 in peace as strongly as any man can 
 do, but I believe also that there are 
 occasions when war is less disastrous 
 than peace ; that there are times 
 when one must resort to what goes 
 before all law, and what, indeed, 
 forms the foundation of it the law 
 of the strongest ; and that, as a gen 
 eral rule, the strongest deserve to get 
 the best of the struggle. They say 
 satirically that God is on the side of 
 the strong battalions, but I think they
 
 46 American 
 
 are sometimes in the right, and my 
 experience goes to prove that. 
 
 [The address, engrossed on vellum, 
 was afterwards transmitted to Mr. LOW 
 ELL in America.]
 
 VIII. 
 
 AT A ROYAL ACADEMY DINNER. 
 
 ON Saturday evening, May 3, 1886, 
 the annual dinner of the Royal Aca 
 demy was held at Burlington House, the 
 chair being occupied by the president, Sir 
 Frederic Leighton. On his right hand 
 were the Prince of Wales, and the Duke 
 of Cambridge, Prince Christian, Prince 
 Henry of Battenberg, the Duke of Teck, 
 the Lord Chancellor, and the Archbishop 
 of York ; and on his left hand were 
 Prince Albert Victor of Wales, the 
 Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, the Ital 
 ian Ambassador, etc., etc. 
 
 Mr. LOWELL, in responding for "Liter 
 ature," said : 
 
 YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESSES, MY 
 LORDS, AND GENTLEMEN, I think I 
 can explain who the artist might have 
 been who painted the reversed rainbow 
 of which the professor has just spoken. 
 I think, after hearing the too friendly
 
 48 American 
 
 remarks made about myself, that he 
 was probably some artist who was to 
 answer for his art at a dinner of the 
 Royal Society (laughter); and, natur 
 ally, instead of painting the bow of 
 hope, he painted the reverse, the bow 
 of despair. (Laughter?) When I 
 received your invitation, Mr. Presi 
 dent, to answer for " Literature," I 
 was too well aware of the difficulties 
 of your position not to know that 
 your choice of speakers must be 
 guided much more by the necessities 
 of the occasion than by the laws of 
 natural selection. (Laughter and 
 cheers.} I remembered that the 
 dictionaries give a secondary mean 
 ing to the phrase " to answer for," 
 and that is the meaning which im-
 
 American 3^0*0* 49 
 
 plies some expedient for an immediate 
 necessity, as for example, when one 
 takes shelter under a tree from a 
 shower one is said to make the tree 
 answer for an umbrella. {Laughter.} 
 I think even an umbrella in the form 
 of a tree has certainly one very great 
 advantage over its artificial namesake 
 viz.. that it cannot be borrowed 
 (laughter), not even for the exigen 
 cies for which the instrument made 
 of twilled silk is made use of, as those 
 certainly will admit who have ever 
 tried it during one of those passionate 
 paroxysms of weather to which the 
 Italian climate is unhappily subject. 
 (Laughter.} I shall not attempt to 
 answer for literature, for it appears to 
 me that literature, of all other things,
 
 50 American 
 
 is the one which is most naturally ex 
 pected to answer for itself. It seems 
 to me that the old English phrase 
 with regard to a man in difficulties, 
 which asks " What is he going to do 
 about it ? " perhaps should be replaced 
 in this period of ours, when the found 
 ations of everything are being sapped 
 by universal discussion, with the more 
 pertinent question, "What is he 
 going to say about it?" ( " Hear, 
 hear" and laughter?) I suppose that 
 every man sent into the world with 
 something to say to his fellow men 
 could say it better than anyone else 
 if he could only find out what it was. 
 (Laughter?) I am sure that the 
 ideal after-dinner speech is waiting 
 for me somewhere with my address
 
 American ^Deag. 51 
 
 upon it, if I could only be so lucky 
 as to come across it. {Laughter. } 
 I confess that hard necessity, or per 
 haps, I may say, too soft good nature, 
 has compelled me to make so many 
 unideal ones that I have almost ex 
 hausted my natural stock of univer 
 sally applicable sentiment and my ac 
 quired provision of anecdote and 
 allusion. {Laughter.} I find my 
 self somewhat in the position of 
 Heine, who had prepared an elabo 
 rate oration for his first interview 
 with Goethe, and when the awful 
 moment arrived could only stammer 
 out that the cherries on the road to 
 Weimar were uncommonly fine. 
 (Laughter.} 
 But, fortunately, the duty which is
 
 52 American 
 
 given to me to-night is not so onerous 
 as might be implied in the sentiment 
 which has called me up. I am con 
 soled not only by the lexicographer 
 as to the meaning of the phrase " to 
 answer for," but also by an observa 
 tion of mine, which is that speakers 
 on an occasion like this are not al 
 ways expected to allude except in 
 distant and vague terms to the sub 
 ject on which they are specially sup 
 posed to talk. Now, I have a more 
 pleasing and personal duty, it appears 
 to me, on this my first appearance 
 before an English audience on my 
 return to England. It gives me 
 great pleasure to think that in calling 
 upon me, you call upon me as repre 
 senting two things which are exceed-
 
 American Sfocag, 53 
 
 ingly dear to me, and which are very 
 near to my heart. One is that I 
 represent in some sense the unity of 
 English literature under whatever 
 sky it may be produced (cheers) ; and 
 the other is that I represent also that 
 growing friendliness of feeling, based 
 on a better understanding of each 
 other, which is growing up between 
 the two branches of the British stock. 
 (Cheers. ,) I could wish that my ex 
 cellent successor here as American 
 Minister could fill my place to-night, 
 for I am sure that he is as fully in 
 spired as I ever was with a desire to 
 draw closer the ties of friendship be 
 tween the mother and daughter, and 
 could express it in a more eloquent 
 and more emphatic manner than even
 
 54 American 
 
 I myself could do, at any rate in a 
 more authoritative manner. 
 
 For myself I have only to say that 
 I come back from my native land 
 confirmed in my love of it and in 
 my faith in it. I come back also full 
 of warm gratitude for the feeling that 
 I find in England ; I find in the old 
 home a guest chamber prepared for 
 me and a warm welcome. (Cheers.} 
 Repeating what his Royal Highness 
 the commander-in-chief has said, that 
 every man is bound in duty if he were 
 not bound in affection and loyalty to 
 put his own country first, I may be 
 allowed to steal a leaf out of the book 
 of my adopted fellow-citizens in 
 America ; and while I love my native 
 country first, as is natural, I may be
 
 American ^fceag, 55 
 
 allowed to say I love the country 
 next best which I cannot say has 
 adopted me, but which I will say has 
 treated me with such kindness, where 
 I have met with such universal kind 
 ness from all classes and degrees of 
 people, that I must put that country 
 at least next in my affection. 
 (Cheers.^ I will not detain you 
 longer. I know that the essence of 
 speaking here is to be brief, but I 
 trust I shall not lay myself open to 
 the reproach that in my desire to be 
 brief I have resulted in making my 
 self obscure. (Laughter.} I hope 
 I have expressed myself explicitly 
 enough ; but I would venture to give 
 another translation of Horace s words, 
 and say that I desire to be brief, and
 
 56 American 
 
 therefore I efface myself. {Laughter 
 and cheers.^)
 
 IX. 
 
 AT THE STRATFORD MEMORIAL FOUN 
 TAIN PRESENTATION. 
 
 THE memorial fountain presented to 
 Stratford-on-Avon by Mr. George 
 W. Childs, of Philadelphia, was inaugur 
 ated Monday, October 17, 1887. Mr. 
 JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL sent the follow 
 ing letter : 
 
 I should more deeply regret my 
 inability to be present at the interest 
 ing ceremonial of the i/th were it 
 not that my countrymen will be more 
 fitly and adequately represented there 
 by their accomplished Minister, Mr. 
 Phelps. The occasion is certainly a 
 most interesting one. The monu 
 ment which you accept to-day in be 
 half of your townsmen commemorates 
 at once the most marvellous of Eng-
 
 58 American 
 
 lishmen and the jubilee year of the 
 august lady whose name is honored 
 wherever the language is spoken, of 
 which he was the greatest master. 
 No symbol could more aptly serve 
 this double purpose than a fountain, 
 for surely no poet ever poured forth 
 so broad a river of speech as he, 
 whether he was the author of the 
 " Novum Organum " also or not. Nor 
 could the purity of her character and 
 example be better typified than by 
 the current that shall flow forever 
 from the sources opened here to-day. 
 It was Washington Irving who first 
 embodied in his delightful English 
 the emotion which Stratford-on-Avon 
 awakes in the heart of the pilgrim, 
 and especially of the American pil-
 
 American 3 f fcea& 59 
 
 grim, who visits it. I am glad to 
 think that this memorial should be 
 the gift of an American and thus 
 serve to recall the kindred blood of 
 two great nations, joint heirs of the 
 same noble language and of the genius 
 that has given it a cosmopolitan sig 
 nificance. I am glad of it because it 
 is one of the multiplying signs that 
 those two nations are beginning to 
 think more and more of the 
 things in which they sympathize and 
 less and less of those in which they 
 differ. A common language is not 
 indeed, the surest bond of amity, for 
 this enables each country to under 
 stand whatever unpleasant thing the 
 other may chance to say about it. 
 As I am one of those who believe
 
 60 American 
 
 that an honest friendship between 
 England and America is a most desir 
 able thing, I trust that we shall on 
 both sides think it equally desirable 
 in our intercourse one with another 
 to make our mother tongue search 
 her coffers round for the polished 
 rather than the sharp-cornered epithets 
 she has stored there. Let us by all 
 means speak the truth to each other, 
 for there is no one else who can speak 
 it to either of us with such a fraternal 
 instinct for the weak point of the 
 other; but let us do it in such wise 
 as to show that it is the truth we love 
 and not the discomfort we can inflict 
 by means of it. Let us say agree 
 able things to each other and of each 
 other whenever we conscientiously
 
 American 3toea& 61 
 
 can. My friend, Mr. Childs, has said 
 one of these agreeable things in a 
 very solid and durable way. A com 
 mon literature and a common respect 
 for certain qualities of character and 
 ways of thinking supply a neutral 
 ground where we may meet in the 
 assurance that we shall find something 
 amiable in each other, and from being 
 less than kind become more than kin. 
 In old maps the line which out 
 lined British possessions in America 
 included the greater part of what is 
 now territory of the United States. 
 The possessions of the American in 
 England are laid down on no map, 
 yet he holds them in memory and 
 imagination by a title such as no con 
 quest ever established and no revolu-
 
 62 American 
 
 lution can ever overthrow. The dust 
 that is sacred to you is sacred to him. 
 The annals which Shakspeare makes 
 walk before us in flesh and blood 
 are his no less than yours. These 
 are the ties which we recognize, and 
 are glad to recognize, on occasions like 
 this. They will be yearly drawn 
 closer as science goes on with her 
 work of abolishing time and space, 
 and thus render more easy that peace 
 ful commerce twixt dividable shores 
 which is so potent to clear away what 
 ever is exclusive in nationality or 
 savors of barbarism in patriotism. 
 I remain, dear Mr. Mayor, 
 Faithfully yours, 
 
 J. R. LOWELL.
 
 X. 
 
 AT THE DINNER TO AMERICAN 
 AUTHORS. 
 
 THE dinner of the Incorporated So 
 ciety of Authors, on July 25, 1888, 
 was given to the " American Men and 
 Women of Letters" who happened to 
 be in London on that date. Mr. LOWELL 
 spoke as follows : 
 
 I confess that I rise under a certain 
 oppression. There was a time when 
 I went to make an after-dinner speech 
 with a light heart, and when on my 
 way to the dinner I could think over 
 my exordium in my cab and trust to 
 the spur of the moment for the rest 
 of my speech. But I find as I grow 
 older a certain aphasia overtakes me, 
 a certain inability to find the right 
 word precisely when I want it ; and I
 
 64 SCmmcan 
 
 find also that my flank becomes less 
 sensitive to the exhilarating influences 
 of that spur to which I have just al 
 luded. I had pretty well made up 
 my mind not to make any more after- 
 dinner speeches. I had an impres 
 sion that I had made quite enough of 
 them for a wise man to speak, and 
 perhaps more than it was profitable 
 for other wise men to listen to. I 
 confess that it was with some reluc 
 tance that I consented to speak at all 
 to-night. I had been bethinking me 
 of the old proverb of the pitcher and 
 well which is mentioned, as you re 
 member, in the proverb ; and it was 
 not altogether a consolation to me to 
 think that that pitcher, which goes 
 once too often to the well, belongs to
 
 American ^Deag, 65 
 
 the class which is taxed by another 
 proverb with too great length of ears. 
 But I could not resist. I certainly 
 felt that it was my duty not to refuse 
 myself to an occasion like this an 
 occasion which deliberately empha 
 sizes, as well as expresses, that good 
 feeling between our two countries 
 which, I think, every good man in 
 both of them is desirous to deepen 
 and to increase. If I look back to 
 anything in my life with satisfaction, 
 it is to the fact that I myself have, in 
 some degree, contributed and I 
 hope I may believe the saying to be 
 true to this good feeling. You 
 alluded, Mr. Chairman, to a date 
 which gave me, I must confess, what 
 we call on the other side of the water
 
 66 American 
 
 " a rather large contract." I am to re 
 ply, I am to answer to literature, and 
 I must confess that a person like my 
 self, who first appeared in print fifty 
 years ago, would hardly wish to be 
 answerable for all his own literature, 
 not to speak of the literature of other 
 people. But your allusion to sixty 
 years ago reminded me of something 
 which struck me as I looked down 
 these tables. 
 
 Sixty years ago the two authors 
 you mentioned, Irving and Cooper, 
 were the only two American authors 
 of whom anything was known in 
 Europe, and the knowledge of them 
 in Europe was mainly confined to 
 England. It is true that Bryant s 
 "Water-Fowl " had already begun its
 
 American ^fceag, 67 
 
 flight in immortal air, but these were 
 the only two American authors that 
 could be said to be known in England. 
 And what is even more remarkable, 
 they were the only American authors 
 at that time there were, and had 
 been, others known to us at home 
 who were capable of earning their 
 bread by their pens. Another sin 
 gular change is suggested to me as I 
 look down these tables, and that is 
 the singular contrast they afford be 
 tween the time when Johnson wrote 
 his famous lines about those ills that 
 assail the life of the scholar, and by 
 the scholar he meant the author 
 Toil, envy, want, the patron, and the gaol. 
 And I confess when I remember that 
 verse it strikes me as a singular con-
 
 68 American 
 
 trast that I should meet with a body 
 of authors who are able to offer a 
 dinner instead of begging one ; that 
 I have sat here and seen " forty feed 
 ing like one," when one hundred 
 years ago the one fed like forty when 
 he had the chance. You have al 
 luded also, in terms which I shall not 
 qualify, to my own merits. You have 
 made me feel a little as if I were a 
 ghost revisiting the pale glimpses of 
 the moon, and reading with consider 
 able wonder my own epitaph. But 
 you have done me more than justice 
 in attributing so much to me with re 
 gard to International Copyright. You 
 are quite right in alluding to Mr. 
 Putnam, who, I think, wrote the best 
 pamphlet that has been written on
 
 American %bt&$. 69 
 
 the subject ; and there are others you 
 did not name who also deserve far 
 more than I do for the labor they 
 have expended and the zeal they have 
 shown on behalf of International 
 Copyright, particularly the secretaries 
 of our international society Mr. 
 Lathrop and Mr. G. W. Green. And 
 since I could not very well avoid 
 touching upon the subject of Inter 
 national Copyright, I must say that 
 all American authors without excep 
 tion have been in favor of it on the 
 moral ground, on the ground of simple 
 justice to English authors. But 
 there were a great many local, topical 
 considerations, as our ancestors used 
 to call them, that we were obliged to 
 take into account, and which, per-
 
 70 American 
 
 haps, you do not feel as keenly here 
 as we did. But I think we may say 
 that the almost unanimous conclusion 
 of American authors latterly has been 
 that we should be thankful to get any 
 bill that recognized the principle of 
 international copyright, being con 
 fident that its practical application 
 would so recommend it to the Amer 
 ican people that we should get after 
 wards, if not every amendment of it 
 that we desire, at least every one that 
 is humanly possible. I think that 
 perhaps a little injustice has been 
 done to our side of the question ; I 
 think a little more heat has been im 
 ported into it than was altogether 
 wise. I am not so sure that our 
 American publishers were so much
 
 American 5&ca. 71 
 
 more wicked than their English 
 brethren would have been if they had 
 had the chance. I cannot, I confess, 
 accept with patience any imputation 
 that implies that there is anything in 
 our climate or in our form of govern 
 ment that tends to produce a lower 
 standard of morality than in other 
 countries. The fact is that it has 
 been partly due to a certain may I 
 speak of our ancestors as having been 
 qualified by a certain dulness ? I 
 mean no disrespect, but I think it is 
 clue to the stupidity of our ancestors 
 in making a distinction between lit 
 erary property and other property. 
 That has been at the root of the whole 
 evil. 
 
 I, of course, understand, as every-
 
 72 American 
 
 body understands, that all property 
 is the creature of municipal law. 
 But you must remember that it is the 
 conquest of civilization, that when 
 property passes beyond the bounda 
 ries of that municipinm it is still 
 sacred. It is not even yet sacred in 
 all respects and conditions. Litera 
 ture, the property in an idea, has been 
 something that it is very difficult for 
 the average man to comprehend. It 
 is not difficult for the average man 
 to comprehend that there may be 
 property in a form which genius or 
 talent gives to an idea. He can see 
 it. It is visible and palpable, this 
 property in an idea when it is exem 
 plified in a machine, but it is hardly 
 so apprehensible when it is subtly in-
 
 American ^fceag. 73 
 
 terfused in literature. Books have 
 always been looked on somewhat as 
 ferce natnra, and if you have ever 
 preserved pheasants you know that 
 when they fly over your neighbor s 
 boundaries he may take a pot shot at 
 them. I remember that something 
 more than thirty years ago Longfel 
 low, my friend and neighbor, asked 
 me to come and eat a game pie with 
 him. Longfellow s books had been 
 sold in England by the tens of thou 
 sands, and that game pie and you 
 will observe the felicity of its being a 
 game pie, ferce nattirce always you 
 see was the only honorarium he 
 had ever received from this country 
 for reprinting his works. I cannot 
 help feeling as I stand here that there
 
 74 American 
 
 is something especially I might 
 almost use a cant word and say monu 
 mentally interesting in a meeting 
 like this. It is the first time that 
 English and American authors, so far 
 as I know, have come together in any 
 numbers, I was going to say to frater 
 nize when I remembered that I ought 
 perhaps to add to " sororize." We, 
 of course, have no desire, no sensible 
 man in England or America has any 
 desire, to enforce this fraternization 
 at the point of the bayonet. Let us 
 go on criticising each other ; it is 
 good for both of us. We Americans 
 have been sometimes charged with 
 being a little too sensitive ; but per 
 haps a little indulgence may be due 
 to those who always have their faults
 
 American Stieag, 75 
 
 told to them, and the reference to 
 whose virtues perhaps is sometimes 
 conveyed in a foot-note in small print. 
 I think that both countries have a 
 sufficiently good opinion of them 
 selves to have a fairly good opinion 
 of each other. They can afford it ; 
 and if difficulties arise between the 
 two countries, as they unhappily may, 
 and when you alluded just now to 
 what De Tocqueville said in 1828 you 
 must remember that it was only thir 
 teen years after our war, you must 
 remember how long it has been to 
 get in the thin end of the wedge of 
 International Copyright ; you must 
 remember it took our diplomacy 
 nearly one hundred years to enforce 
 its generous principle of the alienable
 
 76 SCmeritan 
 
 allegiance, and that the greater part 
 of the bitterness which De Tocque- 
 ville found in 1828 was due to the 
 impressment of American seamen, 
 of whom something like fifteen hun 
 dred were serving on board English 
 ships when at last they were delivered. 
 These things should be remembered, 
 not with resentment but for enlighten 
 ment. But whatever difficulties oc 
 curred between the two countries, 
 and there may be difficulties that are 
 serious, I do not think there will be 
 any which good sense and good feel 
 ing cannot settle. I think I have 
 been told often enough to remember 
 that my countrymen are apt to think 
 that they are in the right, that they 
 are always in the right ; that they are
 
 American 3^ rag* 77 
 
 apt to look at their side of the ques 
 tion only. Now, this conduces cer 
 tainly to peace of mind and impertur 
 bability of judgment, whatever other 
 merits it may have. I am sure I do 
 not know where we got it. Do you ? 
 I also sympathize most heartily with 
 what has been said by the chairman 
 with regard to the increasing love for 
 England among my countrymen. I 
 find on inquiry that they stop longer 
 and in greater numbers every year in 
 the old home, and feel more deeply 
 its manifold charms. They also are 
 beginning to feel that London is the 
 centre of the races that speak Eng 
 lish, very much in the sense that 
 Rome was the centre of the ancient 
 world. And I confess that I never
 
 78 American 
 
 think of London, which I also confess 
 that I love, without thinking of that 
 palace which David built, sitting in 
 hearing of a hundred streams 
 streams of thought, of intelligence, of 
 activity. And one other thing about 
 London, if I may be allowed to refer 
 to myself, impresses me beyond any 
 other sound I have ever heard, and 
 that is the low, unceasing roar that 
 one hears always in the air. It is not 
 a mere accident, like the tempest or 
 the cataract, but it is impressive be 
 cause it always indicates human will 
 and impulse and conscious movement, 
 and I confess that when I hear it I 
 almost feel that I am listening to the 
 roaring loom of time. A few words 
 more. I will only say this, that we,
 
 American ^fceag, 79 
 
 as well as you, have inherited a com 
 mon trust in the noble language 
 which, in its subtle compositiveness, 
 is perhaps the most admirable instru 
 ment of human thought and human 
 feeling and cunning that has ever 
 been unconsciously devised by man. 
 May our rivalries be in fidelity to 
 that trust. We have also inherited 
 certain traditions political and moral-, 
 and in doing our duty towards these 
 it seems to me that we shall find 
 quite enough occupation for our 
 united thought and feeling.
 
 XL 
 
 BEFORE THE LIVERPOOL PHILO- 
 MATHIC SOCIETY. 
 
 THE Hon. J. RUSSELL LOWELL, for 
 merly the United States representa 
 tive at the Court of St. James, was the 
 special guest on Wednesday night, Nov 
 ember 23, 1888, at a banquet of the 
 Liverpool Philomathic Society, held at 
 the Adelphi Hotel, Liverpool. In re 
 sponse to the toast, " The Guest of the 
 Evening," Mr. LOWELL, who met with a 
 cordial reception, referred at the outset 
 to what he termed a rather pathetic in 
 cident of his literary history. He said: 
 
 It is connected, with the first 
 volume which introduced me to the 
 English public. It was not the 
 " Bigelow Papers " or " Biglow 
 Papers " I beg pardon (Jaughtei*), 
 but it was a little volume of rather
 
 82 American 
 
 immature poetry which some enthu-" 
 siast on this side of the water re 
 printed privately. He was good 
 enough to send me a copy. Perhaps 
 it is known to you that we have a 
 protective system. (Laughter?) The 
 book was accordingly liable to duty 
 as coming to its author, and for the 
 information of whomsoever it might 
 concern there had been written on 
 the outside "Value 6d." (Laughter.} 
 I laid it to heart at once, and I said 
 to myself, " Here is a piece of criti 
 cism you can appreciate, and which, 
 perhaps, may do you a great deal of 
 good." (Laughter?) 
 
 As I was saying, I do not intend 
 to make you any formal speech, and 
 I should not have come here had it
 
 American ^fceag. 8 3 
 
 not been that I think it the duty of 
 every man who can say anything that 
 affects the people, whether by his 
 pen or by his tongue, to go anywhere 
 where expression is given to the 
 friendly feeling which it is the desire 
 of all wise and all honest men, I 
 think, to deepen between the two 
 countries which you and I represent. 
 You have been good enough, Mr. 
 President, also to refer to my career 
 as a diplomatist in England, and you 
 were quite right in saying that it was 
 my endeavor to maintain those rela 
 tions those friendly relations 
 and I hope not without some success. 
 (Cheers^) But I cannot listen to this 
 compliment, I cannot accept it, with 
 out saying that I was followed by an
 
 84 American 
 
 American representative who has the 
 same feeling, and who has represented 
 America as ably in my judgment as 
 she was ever represented in England. 
 (Cheers.} That reminds me that we 
 have been rather remarkably repre 
 sented here in England. If you look 
 over the list of our Ministers you will 
 find that we have had three Adamses, 
 one after the other, grandfather, 
 father and son one of the most 
 really striking instances of heredity I 
 know of (laughter] ; and the last Mr. 
 Adams wore at the Court of Queen 
 Victoria, as he told me, the regalia in 
 which his grandfather was robed 
 when he made his bow before George 
 III. as the first American Minister 
 in England, and was, I am bound to
 
 American ^fceag* 85 
 
 say, very civilly received by His 
 Majesty. (Laughter.^) Those are 
 only three illustrations, but we have 
 many others. We have had Galitz, 
 for instance, a prominent American 
 diplomatist though he was not an 
 American by birth, but was a natu 
 ralized Swiss. 
 
 There has been lately I am not 
 going to say a word about politics ; I 
 always rigidly avoid them but I 
 have seen a number of allusions in 
 the newspapers lately to a certain 
 tension, as the journalists like to call 
 it, between the two countries. I 
 cannot help thinking it is the result 
 of a little irritation on both sides ; 
 but I have always felt that nothing 
 was more foolish and that nothing
 
 86 American 
 
 ought to be more rigidly left to chil 
 dren than the " You re another." 
 (Laughter and cheers.} Now, I dare 
 say metaphysically, you are another ; 
 but there are occasions when the tell 
 ing one that he is " another " is apt to 
 have a disastrous effect, and I think 
 we ought to avoid it. (CJieers.} 
 When we look at the enormous ex 
 tension of the race which speaks 
 English (as we call it, for I am always 
 desirous to avoid confining it to the 
 English race, as we used to term it 
 in our pride) ; when we consider this 
 growth (though I do not quite agree 
 with the figures of some of my friends, 
 I do not believe we shall be a popu 
 lation of one hundred millions or two 
 hundred millions so soon as is ex-
 
 American ^fbtag. 87 
 
 pected) ; when we consider this 
 growth we find a remarkable fact, 
 and one which no thoughtful man can 
 help observing and reflecting upon 
 England is the greatest of colonizing 
 races. This is a great distinction, 
 and ennobles a nation. England has 
 put a girdle of three prosperous and 
 vigorous communities around the 
 globe. Of course, it is not for me to 
 say a word about Imperial federation. 
 I am not sure Imperial federation 
 would be a good thing. I am not 
 sure, even if it were a good thing, it 
 is not a dream. It is not for me to 
 say ; but it seems to me nobody who 
 looks far can help seeing that the 
 time may not be far distant when the 
 good understanding among all these
 
 88 American 
 
 English-speaking people and their 
 enormous resources may have great 
 weight in deciding the destinies of 
 mankind. (Cheers.) Now, I am one 
 of those who believe that civilization 
 and freedom are better married than 
 divided, that they go better together. 
 Nobody who has studied history 
 would say they do not exist apart, but 
 it is in divorce, and each is the worse 
 for it. (Cheers.) The duty which 
 has been laid upon the English-speak 
 ing races, so far as we can discover, 
 has been to carry ever the great 
 lessons of liberty combined with 
 order. (Cheers.*) That is the great 
 secret of civilization. We may have 
 our different laws and different forms 
 of government ; but so long as we
 
 American 5&ca, 8 9 
 
 sympathize with any idea that so far 
 transcends all geographical bounda 
 ries and all municipal limits as that, 
 I think you will agree with me that 
 nothing can be more important than 
 to preserve the friendliest relations 
 between the two greatest representa 
 tives of this conquering and coloniz 
 ing race. (Cheers?) 
 
 I did not intend to detain you so 
 long as I have (cries of " Go on " ), 
 but I have also in my experience of 
 after-dinner speeches observed that 
 a speech is like an ill-broken horse; 
 it is apt to take the bit between its 
 teeth and to bolt at the most unex 
 pected moment. A speaker fre 
 quently brings up, not where he in 
 tended to bring up, but where his
 
 90 American 
 
 steed chooses to land him. I suppose 
 that before coming here I ought to 
 have studied carefully the history of 
 Liverpool, with which I ought to have 
 appeared to have been familiar from 
 my earliest childhood. (laughter. ) 
 Unfortunately, there was no history 
 of Liverpool in my friend Tom 
 Brown s library. (Laughter.) There 
 were histories of inferior places 
 Chester, and so on but no history 
 of Liverpool ; and I therefore cannot 
 give you a great deal of information 
 which I have no doubt would have 
 been new and very interesting to you, 
 and which would make the staple of 
 a proper after-dinner speech. But 
 there is one thing I remember about 
 Liverpool. I have always felt a sort
 
 American ^fcea^ 91 
 
 of literary gratitude to Liverpool, 
 strange as you may think it. In my 
 father s library I remember very well 
 three quarto volumes stood side by 
 side more years ago than I like to 
 say. Two of these volumes were 
 " Lorenzo the Magnificent," and the 
 other was " Poggio Bracciolini." I, of 
 course, when I was a boy, did not 
 know precisely the meaning of those 
 books ; but they did to a certain ex 
 tent afford me an introduction to the 
 " Renaissance in Italy." I thought 
 but Sir James Picton corrects me 
 that it was Roscoe who translated 
 the life of the second Lorenzo ; but 
 it was his son, I am informed, who 
 translated another book which gave 
 me my first acquaintance with the
 
 92 American 
 
 Italian Novelists, and which was a 
 book which I remember buying when 
 I was making a library of my own 
 very early in life. 
 
 But to an American Liverpool 
 generally represents the gate by 
 which he enters the Old World ; for 
 as our ancestors went across West to 
 find a new world there in that unex 
 plored Atlantic, as they thought it 
 might be, we go back Eastward to 
 find our new world in the old a new 
 world of continental instruction and 
 freshness. And I am glad, linked as 
 we are in history and speaking, as I 
 am given to understand, a language 
 which at least can be understood the 
 one by the other (laughter] I am 
 glad to find that my countrymen
 
 Sdmerican ^fcea^ 93 
 
 linger more and more in the land of 
 their ancestors. Formerly Bristol 
 was the great port through which in 
 tercourse with America was kept up, 
 but now certainly Liverpool is one 
 end of the three-thousand-mile loom 
 on which the shuttles which are bind 
 ing us all in visible ties more and 
 more together are continually shoot 
 ing to and fro. Liverpool is also the 
 gate by which Americans leave the 
 Old World to go home, and I am to a 
 certain extent, as a person who 
 crosses the seas not infrequently, in 
 terested in a discussion which I saw 
 in the newspapers the other day as 
 to the difficulties of embarcation at 
 Liverpool. But I have encountered 
 one which I did not expect, and that
 
 94 American 
 
 difficulty has been put in my way by 
 the Philomathic Society. You have 
 made it harder to get away from 
 Liverpool than I should have ex 
 pected or supposed, and I shall carry 
 away with me when I go to-morrow 
 the recollections of this pleasant 
 meeting with you, of its cordiality, of 
 the pleasant things that have been 
 said to me, and that we often accept 
 things that we do not deserve. 
 (Laughter and cheers. )
 
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 Pan! Bevere : A Biography. By ELBRIDGK 
 HBNKY Goss. 
 
 Embellished with illustrations, comprising portraits, his 
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 treets and bui dings, reproductions of curious and obsolete 
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 nd woodcuts, many of them printed in colors, 
 vols., 8vo, cloth, $6.00; large paper, $10.00. 
 
 Porter s Boston. Forty full-page, and over fifty 
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 i vol., large quarto, half sealskin, $6.00. 
 A few copies of the exceedingly scarce first edition can be 
 
 had by direct application to the publisher, specially bound in 
 
 half calf extra, for $9.00 net. 
 
 The Diary of Samuel Sewall, 1674-1729. 
 
 Edited by DR. G. E. ELLIS, W. H. WHITMORK, H. W. 
 TORRBY and JAMES RUSSELL LOWBLL. With index of names, 
 places and events. 3 vols., large 8vo. Net, $ 10.00. 
 
 This is a complete copy (printed at the University Press) 
 of the famous diary of Chief Justice Sewall, the manuscript of 
 which is one of the treasures of the Massachusetts Historical 
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 reference to names of early American families. 
 
 Acts of the Anti-Slayery Apostles. By PARKER 
 
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 An authoritative and comprehensive work by one of the 
 original leaders in the anti-slavery movement ; not stereotyped 
 and, as few copies remain for sale, it is certain to become an 
 exceedingly scarce book. 
 
 Life of Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin, Baronet : His 
 
 English and American Ancestors. By Thomas C. Amory. 
 
 With portrait. Large 8vo. fftt,$i.y>. 
 
 An elaborate biography of one of Nantucket s most famous 
 sons, who rose to high rank in the British navy, and afterwards 
 founded the celebrated Coffin schools in his native island. 
 Interesting not only to members of the Coffin family, but to 
 genealogists. 
 
 Mailed, to any address, pottage paid, an receipt of price by 
 the publisher. 
 
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 By the wife of the celebrated American artist, WILLIAM T. 
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 No common, thoughtless verse-maker could produce, in 
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 VIgllaute Days and Ways: The Pioneers ot 
 
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 A precious book. . . It tastes of genius. JAMBS RUS 
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 A new departure, really new. Literary World. 
 
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 BOSTON.
 
 Uni\ 
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