Successful New HAMPSfflRl Men ^*^ m -x THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Ex Libris Katharine F, Richmond and Henry C. Fall ■^ i^ ^■ If?" ^ LIBRARY OF HENRY C. FALL- AND KATHARINE A. FALL Date of PurcJiase_ Place _,^?rw_M:^ Cost ^'^ ^MJlJllA- ''*i^*ir' '"'Utii' ■m m » SKETCHES SUCCESSFUL New Hampshire Men Illustrated with Steel Portraits. MANCHESTER : JOHN B . C L A li K E 1882. Entered uccording to act of Congress in the year 1882, by JOHN B. CLARKE, in tlie office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. F 33 PUBLISHER'S PREFACE. This volume contaius portraits and bioaraphical sketches of eighty-eight New Hampshire men whose deserved success in their several callings has made them conspicuous in the professional, business, and political world. It should be the first of a series. — the beginning of a work so extensive as to include similar presentations in regard to all the prominent men of our state, when it would exceed in value and interest to New Hampshire people all other publi- cations of a biographical nature. The glory of our state centers in and is reflected from her great men and noble women, whose history should be familiar to all who by birth or association are interested in her fame and welfare, and especially to those in whose hands rests her future, and who may need the strengthening influence of their example. To this end this volume will con- tribute. Its preparation has occupied a long time, and involved much labor and expense. My connection with it has been that of a publisher, whose duties I have endeavored to discharge faithfully and acceptably. All else is to be credited to others. The sketches are printed in the order in which they were furnished. JOHN B. CLARKE. Manche.ster. N. H.. July. 1882. CONTENTS Page Adams, Charles, Jr. . . . . ■ . . . . . 278 Adams, Phinehas .......... 166 Amury, William 151 Balch, Charles E 113 Barnard, Daniel .......... 304 Bartlett, Charles H. ........ . 33 Barton, Levi Winter . . . . . . . . .50 Blair, Henry William 285 Bracewell, John 199 Briggs, James F 29-1 Bryant, Napoleon B. ........ . 187 BuFFi'M, David Hanson 276 Carpenter, Josiah 43 Chandler, George Byron 185 Chandler, William E 255 Cheney, Gilman 215 Cheney, Person C 162 Clark, Joseph Bond 179 Clarke, John B 311 Clarke, William C 261 Cogswell, Francis . . . . . . . . . .177 Cogswell, George 204 Cogswell, Thomas 160 Cogswell, William ......... 137 Colby, Anthony .......... 251 Crosby, Asa and Sons 243 Cumner, Nathaniel Wentworth 297 Currier, Moody 35 Daniell, Warren F. ........ . 237 VI CONTENTS. Dearborn, Cornelius Van Ness 195 DuNLAP, Archibald Harris ........ 264 Edoerly, Martin V. B 130 French, John C 157 George, John Hatoh 98 Oilman, Virgil C 148 GooDELL, David H 233 Goodwin, Ichabod 133 Graves, Josiah G 235 Griffin, Simon G 58 Hall, Daniel 229 Harriman, Walter 74 Hayes, Albert H. 202 Head, Natt 223 Jewell, David Lyman 63 Kent, Henry 21 Kimball, John 89 Marsh, Charles 184 Martin, BenjAxMin Franklin 269 Maxfield, Rufus a 289 McDuFPEE, John . . . 153 Means, William Gordon 103 Miner, Alonzo A. 16 Moulton, John Carroll 114 Murphy, Charles M 67 Nesmith, George W. 180 Noroross, Amasa 37 Parker, John M 31 Peabody, Charles A 209 PiLLSBURY, George Alfred 39 Pillsbury, Oliver 191 Pierce, Thomas P 127 Pike, Chester 123 P(»tter, Chandler E 302 Prescott, Benjamin F. ........ 281 Richards, Dexter 271 Riddle, William P 307 CONTENT8. Vll Rollins, Edward Ashton ........ 148 Rollins, Edward H 217 Sargent, Jonathan Everett ........ 93 Saavyer, Charles H. ........ . 249 Sawyer, Jonathan 240 Shaw, Albert M 267 Sherburne, Henry C. ......... 69 Smyth, Frederick 1(16 Spalding, Edavard 81 Spalding, (tEorge Bitrley 291 Stark, George ........... 9 Sulloway, Alvah W. 119 TiLTON, Charles Elliott 110 TiiTTLE, Hiram A. 14 Wallace, Rodney 56 Wallingford, Zimri S. 70 Weston, James A. .......... 85 ■Wheeler, Samuel Metcalf 79 White, Jeremiah W. ........ . 140 White, Nathaniel ......... 172 Wilder, Marshall P 25 Williams, Charles ......... 47 %f^ .^^ GEN. GEORGE STARK. BY H. W. HERRICK. In the remarkable development of railroad traffic in this country within the last fifty years, many prominent men of our state identified with this interest have achieved an enviable success. A leading position among these representative men will be accorded to General George Stark, who, within the last forty years, has been associated with the successful organization and management of several of the most wealthy and influential of these corporations. Beginning at an early age with some of the first of these enterprises in New England, he has been identified with their history ; and he has also had, within the last five years, a controlling hand in the resuscitation and extension of the great Northern Pacific line, that will soon span the continent from the great lakes to the Pacific ocean. This successful business career has been honorably distinguished, inasmuch as it has, in all its phases, recognized the sound business principles that govern supply and demand in the legitimate carrying-trade. As the leading medium between the producer and consumer, the railroad interest thrives only with the prosperity and good will of both ; and in this, its legitimate sphere, seeks neither to control production or traffic, except in those reciprocal relations which contribute to the public good. The influences attending the early life of Gen. Stark favored the develop- ment of the qualities of character that have made his business career marked and successful. His father, Frederick G. Stark, was the son of John, the third of the children of Major-General John Stark, the hero of Bennington, the latter being, therefore, the third in ancestral order removed from the subject of this sketch. George Stark was born at Manchester, N. H., April 9, 1823, a few months after the death of his illustrious military ancestor. His father at this time occu- pied the old manor-house formerly owned by Judge Blodget, originator of the famous Blodget canal. This time-honored structure has been destroyed by the demand of modern improvements, and its site, at the entrance of the canal around Amoskeag Falls, is now only marked by the ruins (jf the sheds connected with it. The locks and canals, in connection with like works on the Merrimack river, were owned by the Union Locks and Canal Company, and Frederick G. Stark occupied the position of general superintendent and manager. He was also proprietor of a general-supply store for river-men and the population adjacent, and was, moreover, land surveyor for the neighboring country. He also held the position of general magistrate, and was, withal, the most influential man of the vicinity, leading in all commercial enterprise and traffic. He died in 1861. The early days of young Stark were favored with the oversight and direct- ing influence of an excellent mother, — a lady of genial, kindly character, rare mental qualities, and showing a benevolent and christian solicitude both for her own family and general society in the neighborhood. She died in 185G. Of the four children, Juliet (Mrs. Henry C. Gillis) died in 1840 ; Emma (Mrs. J. G. Cilley) 2 10 GE]S^. GEORGE STARK. died in 1859 ; William, tlie youngest, well remembered as possessing rare liter- ary abilities, and known as author and poet, died in 1873. At the age of nine years Greorge was taken from the schools of the Amos- keag district, and for the succeeding four years studied in the academies of Pembroke and Milford. His mental culture in these advanced schools was chiefly in the line of mathematics, yet natural aptitude and diligence supplied in after life many deficiencies in education. At the close of his school-days in Pem- broke and Milford George returned to Manchester, in 1836, finding the scenes of his childhood transformed from their previous quiet to a busy preparation, by engineers and laborers, for the new city of Manchester. The young school-boy was placed as assistant with the chief engineer and surveyor, Uriah A. Boy den, and worked one season on the preliminary surveys for the canal, factories, and streets of the embryo city. During this season, and a few years succeeding, when not employed on surveys, he attended the academies of Bedford, Sanborn- ton, and the high school at Lowell, Mass., — the last being then under the charge of Moody Currier, Esq. In the autumn of 1836, at the early age of fourteen, he was employed with the staff" of engineers engaged in the locating surveys of the Nashua & Lowell Railroad. This line, only fifteen miles in length, was two years in process of building, giving an amusing contrast to the long routes now located and built in one season. The years 1839 and 1840 were spent in alternate seasons of field work with the engineers and study at the academies. Upon the completion of the Nashua & Lowell road, the enterprising business men of Concord had ready for the engineers the work of further locating the line from Nashua to Concord. This extension of thirty-six miles was com- menced in 1841, and our young surveyor, then only seventeen years old, was complimented with the post of assistant engineer, and given the charge of por- tions of the line, both in the surveys and laying the track. At the close of this service he was employed for a time on the preliminary surveys of the Northern Railroad. In 1843, Stark was invited by the Land and Water Power Company of Manchester to enter its service, make surveys, and superintend the building of the lower canal. This work was finished in the same year in which it was begun. The following season we find him engaged on surveys for the Vermont Central, and subsequently on the Old Colony Railroad, where he first served as assistant, and afterwards as resident engineer, in which position he remained until the completion of the work in 1845. From this period to the year 1847 he was in the service of his old friend and employer, Mr. Boyden, engaged on surveys and drawings for mill-work. At the close of his engagement with Mr. Boyden, Stark returned to Manchester and spent a good part of the . season in making surveys and drawing a map of the compact part of the city, with reference to drainage. He also made a survey, accompanied with a report, upon the feasibility of supplying the city with water from Massabesie lake. The success of the new lines of railroad in New Hampshire stimulated interest in this form of investment, and several new roads and extensions were projected. The Nashua & Wilton and Stony Brook lines were the first lateral roads built, as feeders to the trunk roads of the Merrimack valley, and Stai'k was appointed chief engineer of both. On the completion of these lines, the Boston, Concord, & Montreal road, which had been built from Concord to Sanbornton, was extended northward, and the post of chief engineer was off'ered to Stark. His health failing in the summer of 1849, while engaged in this work, he left business cares and spent several months in recuperation, accepting, in the autumn of the same year, the situation of treasurer and assistant superintendent of the Nashua & Lowell Railroad, then under the management of Judge GEIsT. GEORGE STARK. 11 Charles F. Gove. This position was held until the early part of 1852, when he received the high compliment of an appointment as superintendent of the Hudson River Railroad. He had been in this position but little more than a year when an urgent offer was made to him to take the office vacated by the resignation of Judge (fove, the superintendent of the Nashua & Lowell Railroad and its branches. This position, being more congenial than that of the New York road, was accepted, and he entered upon the duties of his new situation at once. In 1857, four years after his appointment to the last mentioned office, he was offered the post of managing agent of the Boston & Lowell road and its branches, in connection with the Nashua & Lowell line. The magnitude of the operations of these two roads, with their auxiliary lines, was very great, and in their management required executive ability of the first order. The responsi- bilities of the position were onerous, and involved the appointment of superin- tendents, subordinate officers, and foremen, determining a code of regulations for their guidance, the adjustment of time-tables, tariff-rates, and fares, the pur- chase of supplies, and many other cares incident to the working of a complex and extended carrying-trade. The manner in which these duties were discharged was attested by the smooth working of the organization in its details, and the satis- factory results to the stockholders. In this period of service, which included about eighteen years, the great depot on Causeway street, Boston, was erected imder the general management and supervision of Gen. Stark. In its first inception, this magnificent bviilding, with its approaches, was intended to furnish terminal facilities for two or more roads. A contract to that effect was completed with the Massachusetts Central road. Negotiations were also entered into with the Eastern Railroad Company for a joint occupancy of the building, and a pro- posal was obtained from that company to pay fifty thousand dollars annual rental, besides bearing a proportionate share of the running expenses. Stark submitted this proposal to his associates, recommending its acceptance ; but it was declined, on the ground of inadequate compensation, the president of the Boston & Lowell and Nashua & Lowell roads saying, in his written reply to Stark: — " While the income is certainly important to us, we have built the station for our own accommodation, with our eyes open, and I think our directors won't flinch from our position and divide with them, unless they pay well for it." The unsuccessful termination of this negotiation, and the want of accord in other matters of general policy between Stark and some of the then prominent directors of his roads, embarrassed him in his duties, and he resigned the position of general manager in March, 1875, but retained his seat in the board of direct- ors until the following year. During his business connection with the combined roads of the ^Merrimack lower valley, the influence of Gen. Stark in developing great public business interests is recognized by all familiar with the subject. The far-reaching and com])reliensive plans for a direct through line connecting Boston with the West, realized in 1863 by connection of the lines of the Mer- rimack valley, Vermont Central, Ogdensburg, and other roads, were the direct result of Stark's labors and influence ; and he was manager, for several years, of the line from Boston to Ogdensburg. Upon leaving his position as general manager of the Boston & Lowell and connecting lines, Stark was chosen, in the spring of the same year (1875), by the bondholders of the Northern Pacific Railroad, as one of a committee of six to re-organize and resuscitate that enterprise, left in its well remem- bered dilapidated condition by the financial panic of 1873. After carefully inves- 12 GEN. GEORGE STARK. tigating the condition of affairs and the actual and prospective resources of the road, a plan of re-organization was submitted by the committee, accepted by the bondholders, and the road taken out of the hands of the receiver. In September following, a board of new officers was chosen, in which we find the name of Gen. Stark as vice-president and director. To these positions he had an annual re-election until by resignation he severed his connection with the corporation in 1879. The magnitude of the Northern Pacific road and its branches is well known to the public ; to detail its operations and resources would require too much space here, even if presented in the most condensed form. Intended ultimately to connect the great northern lakes with the Pacific coast, its entire length, when completed, will exceed two thousand miles, — as long as the combined length of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific roads. At the time of the election of Glen. Stark to its management about five hundred and fifty miles of the track were operated ; at the present time nearly a thous- and miles of track are laid, including over a hundred miles on the Pacific coast. After retiring from active service in the Northern Pacific road. Gen. Stark established, in connection with his son, J. F. Stark, a banking-house in New York city. Though most of his business connections have been in the railroad interest, Gen. Stark has found time for attention to duties in other directions. In 1857 he was commissioned, by Gov. Haile of New Hampshire, as brigadier-general of the third brigade of New Hampshire militia. In 1860 he accepted the post of colonel commanding of the Governor's Horse-Guards, an organization com- prising the elite of the military men of the State. In 1861, in the capacity of brigadier-general, he received orders from Governor Goodwin to proceed to Ports- mouth and take charge of the organization of troops, at the opening of the rebellion. The promptness and efficiency with which this service was performed is still fresh in the memory of the public, and the state owes the management of this recruiting station much of the credit attached to New Hampshire for promptly responding to the call of the general government. At one time fifteen hundred troops were at this station, waiting orders from the war department. Gen. Stark has not been prominent in political life, or identified with the intrigues and contests of political partisanship. The political affinities of his ancestors were with the Democratic party, and he has been identified with it, yet promptly breaking the restraints of strictly party lines at the call of patriotism, as at the opening of the late civil war. In the four years succeeding 1856 he represented the first ward of Nashua in the state legislature, and in 1860 and 1861 was the candidate of the Democratic party for governor. While at this ])(!riod party spirit was embittered and active, and the Republicans largely in the ascendant, the conservative and popular character of their leader gave the Demo- crats a handsctme gain in the ])opular vote. The qualities of character that contribute to success in large fields of com- mercial enterprise are sometimes difficult to define, while their influence is appar- ent and is seen and felt by all. A prominent trait is great deliberation in reaching decisions, yet firmness in maintaining them. Sagacious insight of char- acter in choosing agents and subordinates, while holding them to a strict account- ability, is also a quality of executive merit. We see this last trait in a marked degree in the small sums represented in the items, "damages" and "gratuities," in all reports of the railroad management of Gen. Stark. Every employe, from the highest to the lowest position, on roads under his superintendence, had printed instructions of duties, to which he was required to assent. Under no circumstances were men retained in important posts who used intoxicating liquors, and no crife or restaurant connected with the stations was allowed to keep alco- holic drinks for sale. GEN. GEOKGE STARK. 13 In personnel Gen. Stark is characterized by a quiet, deliberate, yet courteous manner that is not disturbed by the varied conditions and incidents of business life. This trait of an habitual mental equipoise is a peculiarity that impresses itself prominently on an observer. He has a natural, unrestrained manner in conversation, and social qualities that are freely manifested in company with tested and worthy friends. As a writer of business documents and reports he manifests power, method, and perspicuity, and his manuscript shows a careful arrangement, neatness and precision of chirography quite remarkable in one of his extensive business experience. At the age of fifty-eight he is yet in the full tide and vigor of business life. His family residence at Nashua, though showing no taste for ostentation or display, is an elegant structure in the villa style, furnished with every comfort and convenience, and adorned with works of art. Gren. Stark was married, in 1845, to Elizabeth A. Parker, daughter of Daniel Parker, of Bedford, N. H. She died in 1846. In 1848 he was united by marriage to Mary Gr. Bowers, daughter of Col. Joseph Bowers, of Chelmsford, Mass. His two children are John F. and Emma Gr. Stark. HON. HIRAM A. TUTTLE. BY JOHN WHEELER, M. D. Hon. Hiram A. Tuttle was born in Barnstead, October 16, 1837, being the elder of a family of two sons. His father, Greorge Tuttle, and his grand- father, Col. John Tuttle, were also natives of the same town. His great-grand- father, John Tuttle, settled in Barnstead in 1776, coming there from that locality in Dover known as '' Back River, " where a part of the Tuttle family had resided since the settlement there of their emigrant ancestor, John Tuttle, who came from England before 1641. His mother, Judith Mason Davis, is a descendant from Samuel Davis, a soldier of the Revolution, and one of the primeval settlers of Barnstead. Brave soldiers of the Davis family from four generations have represented that town in the four great wars in which the coiintry has been engaged. When Mr. Tuttle was nine years of age he moved, with his father's family, to the adjoining town of Pittsfield, where he attended the pul>lic schools and Pittsfield Academy, while the latter was under the charge, successively, of I. F. Folsom, Lewis W. Clark, and Prof. Dyer H. Sanborn. After haviuir been eno-aged in several vocations, in all of which he showed industry and faithfulness, at the age of seventeen years he became connected with the clothing establishment of Lincoln & Shaw, of Concord, where he remained several years. The ability and zeal which he exhibited while there won for him the confidence and respect of his employers, who established him in the man- agement of a branch i^tore in Pittsfield, of which he soon became the proprietor. His business increased gradually at first, and then rapidly till his establishment had gained an extensive patronage, and ranked among the largest clothing-houses in the State. It is so favorably remembered by former residents and patrons that orders are received for goods from distant states and territories. IMr. Tuttle has also been interested in real estate. He has built many dwelling-houses, including a fine residence for himself, and the best business bviildings in the vil- lage. In many ways he has promoted the growth, social and business interests, and general prosperity of his adopted town. He is a trustee of the savings bank, a director of the national bank, and a trustee of the academy in Pittsfield. When he had attained his majority, in 1859, he expressed his intention of casting his first vote with the Republicans, although all his relatives belonged to the Democratic party. The Democrats of Pittsfield had been victorious. and powerful since the days of Jackson, under such distinguished leaders as Moses Norris, Jr., Charles H. Butters, and Lewis W. Clark, all being able lawyers, impressive public speakers, and having popular manners. Mr. Norris, a native of the town, represented it repeatedly in the legislature, was speaker of the house twice, a councilor, representative in congress four years, and was elected to the United States senate for six years while residing here. The ability and courteous manners of Mr. Clark (now Judge Lewis W. Clark) made him no less % »^l /^^a;^? HON. HIKAM A. TUTTLE. 15 popular than Mr. Norris, with all classes, during the shorter time he was in business life in town. Seeing in young Tuttle qualities that might make him troublesome if opposed to them, but useful if in accord with their party, the Democrats used their most eminent persuasive powers to induce him to cleave to the party of all his kindred and vote with the hitherto victorious ; but he obeyed his convictions and remained true to the Republican party. In 18G0 the Republicans, though so long hopelessly beaten, made a sharp contest. When the day of election came, Mr. Clark was elected moderator, having been a most acceptable presiding officer for several years. The election of town clerk was made the test of the strength of the two parties. After a very exciting ballot, Mr. Tuttle was elected town clerk and the Democrats were beaten for the first time in thirty-three years. Although Pittsfield has a Democratic majority under normal circumstances, Mr. Tuttle has received the support of a large majority of its votes at times when his name has been presented for position. In 1873 and 1874 he was representative to the legislature. In 1876 he received an appointment, with the rank of colonel, on the staff of Governor Cheney, and with the governor and staff Adsited the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, He was elected a member of the executive council from the second district in 1878, and was re-elected in 1879, under the new constitution, for the term of two years. Mr. Tuttle has been very successful in all that he has undertaken ; but his thrift has never made him arrogant or indifferent. He has cheerfully shared with others the results of the good fortune that Providence has granted him. He is an agreeable and companionable gentleman in all the honorable relations of life. As a citizen, neighbor, and friend, he is held in the highest estimation. He has furnished employment for many, and has been kind to the poor, very respectful to the aged, charitable to the erring, and a sympathizing helper of the embarrassed and unfortunate. Few men have more or firmer personal friends whose friendship is founded on kindness and substantial favors received. He gives with remarkable generosity to all charitable objects presented to him, and is very hospitable in his pleasant home. Mr. Tuttle accepts the Christian religion, and worships with the Congregational church. While he contributes very liber- ally for the support of the denomination of his choice, he does not withhold a helping hand from the other religious sects in his town. In his domestic relations he has been very fortunate. He married, in 1859, Miss Mary C. French, the only child of John L. French, Esq., formerly cashier of the Pittsfield bank. Their only child, — Hattie French Tuttle, — born January 17, 1861, is a member of the junior class in Wellesley College. REV. ALONZO A. MINER. D. D. BY REV. GEORGE H. EMERSON, D. D. The subject of this sketch owes his name to the grace of one of England's greatest kings. In the wars between England and France, to which belongs the renown of Cressy and Poictiers, the English sovereigns accepted such assistance in munitions and men as their subjects could proffer. Henry Bullman of Men- dippe Hills, Somersetshire, was a miner. He fitted out a company of one hun- dred, armed with battle-axes, many of them laborers in his mines, and presented the same to Edward III. for his use in Continental conquest. In his gratitude Edward conferred upon him a coat of arms and gave him the name of " Miner." This honored subject, and the first of the name of Miner, died in 1359. From him descended Thomas Miner, who came to Boston with the elder Winthrop in 1630. Charles Miner, of the fifth generation from Thomas, was a Revolu- tionary soldier. At the close of the war he removed from Connecticut to New Hampshire. A descendant of King Edward's friend, seventh in descent from Thomas, the grandson of Charles, Alonzo Ames Miner was the son of Benajah Ames and Amanda (Cary) Miner, — an only son and the second of five children. He was born at Lempster, Sullivan county, N. H., Aug. 17, 1814. Grace Miner, granddaughter of Thomas, above named, married Samuel Grant, Jr., of Windsor, Conn., April 11, 1688. From that union descended Ulysses S. Grant, ex-President of the United States. The subject of this sketch inherited neither fortune nor even health. Mental powers, a constitutional integrity, and a lack of the lower ambitions came as his only birthright. All else is his by conquest. Till the years of late boyhood he was an invalid. His opportunities for education in the village school were very intermittent. His feeble health and a grave uncertainty as to hi.s ever reaching mature manhood constantly broke in upon the systematic training of the school. He filled out the school studies in the invalid's chair at home. None predicted for him length of days. Even the cautious physician made thirty years the utmost limit of life allotted him. He, however, supplemented his broken studies with academic training at Hopkinton, Lebanon, and Franklin, N. H., and at Cavendish, Vt. Beginning public life as a school- teacher at the age of sixteen, he took charge of the village school, aUernating this labor with his studies at the academies. His pupilage at Cavendish was soon fol- lowed by promotion. Mr. John Garvin was the principal. He was a very zealous Calvinist. Young Miner was a no less zealous Universalist. It was at a time when sectarian lines were sliarply drawn. It was then a custom with zealous Calvinists to regard Universalists, not simply as unsound in doctrine, but also as wicked in life and condiu.-t ! But Mr. Garvin saw something in the young pupil that dispelled the prejudice. He took him into partnership in the manage- ment of the school in 1834. In this position young Miner served a year. vS^: ^: REV. ALONZO A. MINER, D. D. 17 In 1835, certain gentlemen of Unity, proposing to establish an academy at that village, saw in Mr. Miner, now near his majority, their man. He accepted their proposition. The school, named the '' Scientific and Military Academy," was for both sexes, with military training for boys. Four years of his principalship were successful beyond expectation. In some of the terms the number of schol- ars reached one hundred and fift}'. August 24, 1836, he was married to Maria S. Perley of Lempster, who entered the school as preceptress. She has ever been his faithful and devoted helpmeet. Not a few of those who have strong sympathy with Dr. Miners theological belief are persuaded that there was something providential in his call to the min- istry of the Universalist church, — the service he has rendered that body being so great, in several regards so exceptional. He does not appear to have been con- verted to Universalism. He literally was a '' born Universalist." While anxious friends assigned but a narrow limit to so frail a constitution, the invalid felt that his place was to be in the ministry of the Universalist church. Of this he made no secret. It became a matter of course that on reaching maturity he would become a preacher of the faith he so deeply cherished. The success of the Unity school might have fixed another in the profession of teaching. It had no weight in diverting 31r. Miner from what he deemed a higher call. Several of his patrons solicited him to begin his ministry in Unity in connection with his school duties. He complied. In February, 1838, he preached his first sermon in Chester, Vt. In the following May he began a regular ministry, preaching half of the time in Unity, and devoting the other half to a circuit which included about twenty of the neighboring villages. After six months of this twofold labor he resigned his principalship ; but he was per- suaded to remain yet another year, — all the time filling his appointments on Sunday. At the New Hampshire convention of Universalists, held at Nashua, June, 1839, he was ordained to the sacred ofiice. In the November succeeding he was called to the pastorate of the Universalist church at Methuen, Mass. Such was the success of his new labors that a reputation for very exceptional gifts as an orator, logician, and preacher, spread. It was seen that his call to a larger and more exacting field of duty was but a question of early time. In the city of Lowell, the Rev. Abel C. Thomas had met with extraordinary success as pastor of the Second Universalist church. After a pastorate of little less than three years he resigned to accept a call to Brooklyn, N. Y. Certain of his parishioners said to him, in the hearing of the writer of this sketch, that his withdrawal would he a calamity to the Lowell parish. Grateful for this tribute he replied: "Put into the pulpit the man I will name, and I pledge you that the church shall go on prospering and to prosper." There was a pause and all ears were both curious and anxious. Mr. Thomas added: -'That man is A. A. Miner." A unanimous call of the committee and of the congregation was ex- tended. On the first Sunday of July, 1842, the Rev. A. A. Miner preached his introductory sermon as pastor of the Lowell Second Universalist parish. The prediction of Mr. Thomas proved true. In a pastorate of six years Mr. Miner greatly strengthened, materially and spiritually, the church to which he ministered. In cordial co-operation with the pastor of the First Universalist church, — at first Rev. Thomas B. Thayer, and afterwards Rev. E. G. Brooks, — he labored with eminent success. The citizens soon discovered that the new minister was of "many-sided talents." Then began that drain upon his strength, branching oiF, according to his specialties, into as many channels, whereby he has been, perhaps, as thoroughly and as variously " utilized " as any man of this period. Then began trusts, official positions on school boards, charity boards, and every other conceivable board, the faithful performance of any one of which 18 REV. ALONZO A. MINER, D. D. would have made an average reputation, — all discharged by one person, and he never having a thoroughly healthy day, presents simpl}' a marvel. During an early year of his Lowell ministry, a crisis came in the career of the Universalist church ; and Lowell happened to be its turning point. There was a Universalist paper published at Lowell, the Star of Bethlehem. It was edited by the Universalist pastors. A third parish had been founded, and the Rev. H. G. Smith became its pastor. He was associated with Messrs. Miner and Brooks in the management of the paper, each contributing over his own signature. About the year 18-42 the Unitarian ministry was suddenly rent by one of its ministers, in ability, magnetism, and rhetorical skill without a peer among his brethren, — the Eev. Theodore Parker. He had adopted Grerman rationalism in regard to the Bible and Christianity, and by the boldness of his utterances and the felicity of his manner was rapidly forming that radical wing which to-day appears to dominate in the Unitarian body. Such a leading was not likely to be restricted to any one sect. Was it to enter and change the character of the L^niversalist movement ? The Rev. Mr. Smith showed that he was thoroughly imbued with the new doctrine ; and he was rapidly making converts among the younger members of his ministerial fraternity. Rev. Messrs. Miner and Brooks, fully persuaded that the new idea was a false one, thought that they foresaw that its free acceptance by the Universalist ministry and people would at an early day endanger the stability of their church. They met the issue without reserve and with no regard to consequences personal to themselves. In the pulpit and in the paper they vigorously protested against the course of Mr. Smith. An anxious discussion followed, and it spread. It was taken into the ecclesiastical body, the Boston Association, where a resolution deprecating and protesting against the " deistical innovation" was passed by a strong majority. This was in 1847. A few years later the writer of this inquired of the Rev. Thomas Whittemore in regard to that rationalistic excitement. His answer was, '• Miner and Brooks took it in hand at Lowell and the Association killed it." This episode apparently weakened the Universalist cause in Lowell. The writer is one of the large number who have no doubt that the promptness and thorough- ness of the Lowell pastors averted a calamity. May 1, 1848, Mr. Miner was called to the pastorate of the School-street church, Boston. Having the entire confidence of his renowned senior, the Rev. Ilosea Ballou, he rapidly worked disaffection out of the parish, thoroughly organized it, got the more than confidence of its leading members; and he has carried it forward to the present day with a degree of high success seldom par- alleled in any denomination. In the early part of the year 1851 his people de- cided to enlarge the edifice. The closing of services while the reconstruction was in progress gave Mr. Miner an opportunity to recruit his wasted strength by European travel. In June, 1852, Rev. Hosea Ballou died full of honors. Another call upon his administrative ability as president of Tufts College led to the settlement of associate ])astors. But, apart from these interludes, Dr. Miner has been the sole pastor since the death of Mr. Ballou. In the move.ment to found Tufts College, of the very small number of devoted friends. Dr. Miner has not occui)ied a second i)lace. Subscri])iug himself lib- erally, a few of his parishioners i'eh the contagion of example and made gener- ous i)ledges. The Rev. Otis A. Skinner, D. D., was the first agent for collecting funds, and with heroic perseverance in this pioneer work he raised the larger part of $1 ((0,000, — the minimum upon which the work could begin. This, however, was but a beginning. The assets to-day are not far from one million dollars. The influence of Dr. Miner in reaching this result has been pre-eminent. The corner-stone was laid in 1853, Mr. Miner giving the address. On the death of REV. ALOXZO A. MINEK, D. D. 19 its first president, llev. Hosea Ballon, 2d. D. D., Mr. Miner was constrained to accept the presidency. He was inaugurated. July 9, 1802. Previous to this, the principal trust, he had served the college as trustee, secretary, and treasurer. It was largely by his devices that the money was raised to meet the current expenses during the infancy and the poverty of the institution. In 1863 Harvard College conferred upon him the honorary S. T. D. He had received the honorary A. M. from Tufts in 18G1 ; and that of LL. D. was conferred by Tufts in 1875. His presidency continued till 1875. at which date he acceded to the urgent call of his parish, and resigned the presidency of the college and took the sole pastorate of his church, which, in 1872, had dedicated the . large and costly temple at the corner of Columbus avenue and Clarendon street, in which it has worshiped from that date to the present. Again his la- bor was eftective. Out of the pulpit as well as in it, giving his heart and energy to its interests, the old parish entered upon a new era of prosperity. A pa.stor does well who holds to himself one generation. Dr. Miner now has under his influence a third generation, and the '-spell" is not weakened. In the period of his pastorates, he has conducted more than one thousand eight hundred funeral services, and solemnized more than two thcnisand five hundred weddings. On removing to Boston, in 1848, Mr. Miner found himself in the center of new calls upon his "many-sided"' talents. He was seen to be financier, organizer, popular leader, platform orator. Thence •• missions," multiplied and increased. The limits of this sketch permit but the baldest statement of his labors, all of which he has rendered with singular skill. Of course he was put upon the school board of the city. Then the state made demands, and he is now serving a second term of eight years on the state board of education. At a dinner given in his honor on occasion of his departure for a short period to California, the then Gov. Washburn bore testimony to the inventiveness and far-reaching wi.sdom with which he was aiding to advance the educational interests of the commonwealth. He has been six years chairman of the board of visitors of the state normal art school. He has served as one of the overseers of Harvard College. He is one of the •• hundred orators," having delivered the Fourth of July oration in Boston in 1855. Add to such duties constant lecturing before lyceums, temper- ance meetings, and peace societies, his fi'equent addresses at academic commence- ments, and membership of various a.ssociations which we have not space to men- tion, — how so many ofiices can be discharged, and all with acknowledged fidelity, is a question that perplexes. In the way of duty he has made enemies. But neither friends nor foes ever accused him of seeking any of these high responsi- bilities. In every instance the position sought the man. His pre-eminent gift has seemed to the writer to consist in speaking to a point and with a view to a particular effect. When he appeared before the legislative committee to plead for a state grant to Tufts College, the committee unanimously reported in favor, — one of the members adding that the eloquence with which the claim had been urged had convinced the committee that it ^vas a claim. The late Samuel Burbank of Lowell gave the writer this incident : Dr. Miner had occasion to address a meeting of stockholders of an insurance company whose affairs had got into a bad way. When he was through, the late Samuel Lawrence, turning to Mr. Burbank, said : "That is the Universalist minister. — well, if he will abandon his pulpit he may have charge of any of our manufactories at 'any salary he may ask." Like his faith, Dr. Miner's interest in the temperance reform is a ''born conviction." From his youth to his present hour, he has never wavered in his belief that the drinking curse is the giant evil. In the pulpit, the lyceum, the caucus, on the platform, he has labored to create and enforce law to resist the 20 REV. ALONZO A. MENDER, D. D. ever threatening danger. In politics he makes it the chief state issue, and in 1878 was the candidate of the Prohibition party for governor of Massachusetts. In 18G7 he led before the legislative committee the protest against the repeal of the prohibitory law, in opposition to the eflPorts of Gov. Andrew. His speech on that occasion has become an arsenal of facts pertaining to the ethics and the prac- ticability of the statute. Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, D. D., said to the writer of this: "Your Dr. Miner has made a great speech, — a very great one: it will never be answered." For ten years he has been the president of the Temperance Alliance. In token of his great service before the legislature, the Alliance pre- sented him a costly Dore Bible. He also had another " token " in the shape of threatened violence and the defticement of his house. This was meant as dis- honor. Dishonor ? Could the apostle articulate his thought, for what titles Jerusalem could have conferred would he exchange the "forty stripes save one?" But in all these varied toils, his church and faith have had the uppermost place. By instinct and habit an extemporaneous speaker, the one field he has least worked is that of literature with the pen. An occasional article for the church periodicals and a Sunday-school manual have at times occupied him. But most of his i^ublished works were spoken, and taken down by reporters. He is one of some half-dozen Boston preachers who are favorites with the report- ers of the Boston dailies. " Old Forts Taken," his latest publication, was the rhetoric of his " off hand' speaking, save as the transcript of the reporter may have been revised. But, whether laboring by speech or pen, he has never per- mitted any duty or position to hold other than a second place beside his duties to the church of his love. In the movement which has transformed the once scattered societies of his denomination into a compact, organized, and working church, no one has rendered a more effective service. Of its first Home Mission he is literally the pioneer. No one more faithfully represents the controversial and aggressive spirit of the doctrines of his Church ; but no one has done moi'e to make that church efiective for practical righteousness and Christian worship. He has now reached the de- cline, not of his powers, nor of his zeal, nor of his work, but only of his years. May the evening of his days be as serene and pleasant as his youth and maturity have been industrious, faithful, and true. COL. HENRY 0. KENT. BY H. H. METCALF. Among the best known of the representative men of New Hampshire, Col. Henry 0. Kent of Lancaster is conceded a prominent position. The Kent family is of English origin, the first of the name in this country being among the settlers of old Newbury, Mass., in 1635. John Kent, a scion of this stock, died in 1780, at Cape Ann, Mass., aged eighty years. His son, Jacob, born at Che- bacco (now Essex), Mass., in 1726, settled in Plaistow in this state. In 1760, a regiment commanded by Col. John Goife was raised in New Hampshire for the invasion of Canada, one company of which was officered by John Hazen, cap- tain ; Jacob Kent (above named), first lieutenant; and Timothy Beadle, second lieutenant. This regiment marched to Number Four (Charlestown), cutting a road through the forest to the Green Mountains, and thence to Crown Point on Lake Champlain, where they took water transportation. After a successful cam- paign they returned through the wilderness, via the Newbury meadows or the "Cohos country," with the fertility of which region Lieut.-Col. Jacob Bayley, Capt. Hazen, and Lieutenants Kent and Beadle were so favorably impressed that they determined to return and found a settlement. The project was soon carried out, Bayley and Kent locating on the western, and Hazen and Beadle on the east- ern, side of the river, from which settlements sprang the towns of Newbury and Haverhill. Jacob Kent died at Newbury, in 1812, at the age of eighty-six years. He was a noted man in his section, commander of the first company of militia in the towns of Newbury and Haverhill " in our province of New Hampshire," as says his commission, signed in 1764 by Benning Wentworth, Avhich, with his sword, borne in two wars, is now in Col. Kent's possession. During the Revo- lution, while burdened with the cares of the infant settlement, he was an earnest actor in the scenes which gave us our independence. He was colonel of the forces in his vicinity, and on the advance of Burgoyne started with his regi- ment for the field, and was present with it at the capitulation at Saratoga. The original homestead is still in the family. Col. Jacob Kent — a gentleman through a long life well known in the political, military, and social circles of Vermont — being the present owner. Jacob Kent, first named, left three sons, — Jacob, John, and Joseph. John Kent, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, settled in the town of Lyman, where he died in 1842, leaving four sons and one daughter. The father of Col. Kent — Richard Peabody Kent — was one of these sons, his mother, Tabitha Peabody, being a daughter of Lieutenant Richard Peabody of the Revolutionary army. He is still in active business in Lancaster, where he settled and engaged in mercantile pursuits in 1828. During this long career his affairs have been transacted with scrupidous integrity, exactitude, and honor. Though never in public life, he has always taken a deep interest in the material and educational welfare of the community. On the maternal side the ancestry of Col. Kent is 22 COL. HENRY O. KENT. traced to Ric-hard Mann, '-a planter in tlie family of Elder Brewster," who was one of the colony of the Mayflower. From him descended that John Mann, born December 2b, 1743, who was the first permanent settler of the town of Or- ford. X. H., October, 1765. To him were born fifteen children, of whom Solo- mon ]Maun was well known in the state. Emily, second daughter of Solomon Mann, married Henry Oakes, an active and well known business man at Water- ford and Fairlee, Vt. To Henry and Emily (Mann) Oakes were born three daughters and a son. One of the daughters, Emily Mann Oakes, was married to Kichard V. Kent at Littleton. June 5. 1882. To this union there were born three children — sons — Henry Oakes. Edward Richard, and Charles Nelson. Henry Oakes Kent was born in Lancaster, February 7, 1834. He at- tended the district school and Lancaster Academy, and graduated from Norwich Military University in the class of 1854. receiving later the degree of A. M. He studied law with Hon Jacob Benton, and was admitted to the bar at Lancaster in May, 1858. Soon after, he became the proprietor of the Coos Republican, and assumed the editorial and business management of that paper, his strong interest in political aftairs and the fortunes of the Republican party, with which he was actively indentified, impelling him to this step, in taking which he relinquished the prospect of a successful and distinguished career at the bar. In the manage- ment of the Repahlican, both financial and editorial, he displayed rare skill and aV)ility. His leading articles were always strong, vigorous, earnest, and secured for his paper, notwithstanding its remote location from the Capital, an influential position among the party journals of the state. It is safe to say that from the time when he assumed its management until 1870. when he sold it, — a period of twelve years. — no paper in the state rendered more efficient support to the party with which it was allied, or advocated more heartily all measures tending to ad- vance the material ])rosperity of the section in which it was located, than did the Coos Repnhlicun under the direction of Col. Kent. Since 1870 he has attended to a large and growing general office business, to which he had previously given more or less attention, and also to the interests of the Savings Bank for the County of Coos, for which institution he secured the charter in 1868, and of which he is and has been a trustee and the treasurer. He is also an owner and manager of the Lancaster paper-mill ; is treasurer of the Pleasant Valley Starch Company, and is president of the Lancaster and Kil- kenny Railroad Company, a corporation organized to develop the resources of the ailjoining forest town of Kilkenny. The encouragement of local enterprise and industry has. indeed, always been one of his characteristics. As has been indicated. Col. Kent entered political life as a Republican, and was an active advocate of the cause and policy of that party, with pen and voice, until after the election of Gen. Grant to the presidency. In 1855, when but twenty-one years of age, he was cliosen assistant clerk of the house of represent- atives, and re-elected the fillitwing year. In 1857 he was chosen clerk of the linuse, discharging the duties of that ofliice, for three successive years, with a readiness and efficiency which have never been excelled by any incumbent. In those days the previous (|uesti(>n was not in vogue, and roll-calls were frequent. So familiar eak later. During his residence in Concord he was identified with all nu^asures to pro- mote the public good. Both by his business judgment and his ready purse did he aid the benevolent and religious organizations. He was actively engaged in establishing the Centennial Home of Concord, for the aged, making large contri- butions and serving as a trustee. He was also a generous giver to the Orphans' Home at Franklin, and was a trustee from the time of its foundation until he left the state. In 1876 he was appointed, by the city councils, chairman of a com- mittee of three to appraif^e all the real estate of the city for taxation purposes. Several objects attest his genei'osity and public spirit, among which might be mentioned the gift to the city of the fine bell in tlu; tower of the Board of Trade building, and the handsome organ in the First Ba])ti.st church. — a joint gift from himself and his son. Hon. Charles A. Pillsbury. of ^linneapolis. He also made several large contributions towards building and endowing the academy at New London. Upon his preparing to leave Concord for the West, in the spring of 1878. ex- pressions of regret came to him from all sources. Complimentary resolutions 4 42 HON. GEORGE ALFRED PILLSBURY. were unanimously adopted by both branches of the city government, and by the First National Bank, the latter testifying most emphatically to his integrity and superior business qualities. The First Baptist church, of which he was an active member during his residence in Concord, and its society also passed similar reso- lutions. The Webster club, composed of some fifty of the leading citizens, also adopted resolutions regretting deeply his departure. A private testimonial signed by over three hundred of the leading citizens of all branches of business, all the members of the city government, all the banking officers and professional men, was presented, and on the eve of his departure an elegant bronze statue was pre- sented to himself and wife by members of the First Baptist church. In church affairs and acts of private charity he had always shown a strong interest, which drew him friends from all classes of people. Coming to Minneapolis he was at once recognized, and from the moment he established himself there he took an assured position. He at once entered ac- tively into the milling business (in which he had long been interested) in the firm of C. A. Pillsbury & Co., composed of himself, his brother, Grov. J. S. Pillsbury, and his two sons, Hon. C. A. Pillsbury and Fred C. Pillsbury, — to-day the largest producers of flour in the world, operating five large flouring-mills with a capacity of seven thousand five hundred barrels per day. The business of this firm, while selling a large amount of flour in the United States, has been grad- ually directed to the European trade, supplying the foreign markets with the very best brands of breadstufts. To-day there is not a European market in which their flour is not sold extensively and given the highest quotations. Mr. Pillsbury, much against his wishes, has been crowded again into public life in Minnesota, and only a few weeks since, while on a trip to the Pacific coast, in company with President Villard, to look after the interests of the Northern Pacific Railroad, he was elected a member of the city council of Minneapolis. He is also president of the Board of Trade, vice-president of the Northwestern National Bank, president of the Minneapolis Free Dispensary, and president of the Minnesota Baptist State Association. Despite his years, Mr. Pillsbury has all the activity and impulses of a man of forty. He is a great friend of young men, aiding them not only by advice but in a practical manner, and, without seeking popularity, finding himself beloved by all. In the city of his adoption he has built himself a handsome residence with spacious grounds. His love for his old home manifests itself in all his tastes, and in his residence he has wrought in the beautiful New Hampshire granite brought from his old home in Concord. In 1841, Mr. Pillsbury married Margaret S. Carleton, a lady beloved by all, who has always busied herself in acts of goodness and l)enevolence. No one has ever known her but to love her. From this marriage three children were born, two sons and a daughter, — Charles A., born October 3, 1842 ; Mary Adda, born April 25, 1848; and Fred C, born August 27, 1852. Mary Adda died May 11, 1849. Charles A. graduated at Dartmouth College in 18G8 ; has been an active and successful business man in Minneapolis for the past twelve years, for the last four years has been a member of the state senate, and is a man greatly respected by all. Fred C. is a practical business man, possessed of sound judgment, and is rapidly making his way in the world. It is needless to speak of the qualities which have given a gentleman like George A. Pillsbury the position and influence of which we have spoken. They are apparent to all. Starting with integrity and great strength of purpose, pos- sessed of a keen perception, a shrewd judge of men, and an impressive bearing, he has attained an eminence which all may admire. Well may New Hampshire point with pride to such a man. C^^L^/>^Z n^-^ JOSIAH CARPENTER. ESQ. BY H. H. METCALF. The men who make and wliose lives illustrate the material prosperity and progress of a nation or people are those, as a rule, whose life and labor have been devoted in the main to the financial, commercial, and business interests of the country. Politicians, stump-orators, and ofiice-holders of long continuance in place and power, may attain greater celebrity or a wider transient popularity, and move more effectually for the time being the tide of public sentiment; yet the influence which moves the deep and silent yet strong and resistless currents which make for the substantial progress and development of the race, is that which is exercised by the active, energetic, and persistent man of business, whose ready and thorough conception of the demands of industry, trade, and finance, and whose prompt action at their behest, make him not only the master of his own fortune, but, to a great extent, that of others. Of this class of men the subject of this sketch is a prominent representative in this state. JosiAH Carpenter was born in the town of Chichester, May 81, 1829. His ancestry goes ba.ck in direct line to William Carpenter, who in the year 1638, at the aae of sixty-two yeais. embarked with his son William, aged thirty-three, and his wife, Abigail, and their four children, for America, sailing in the ship "Bevis," from the port of Southamj»ton, England, and making their home at Weymouth, Mass. From Joseph, one oi' the four children named, the line of descent runs through Benjamin, born Januai-y 15, 1657, John, born March 25, 1691, and John, born January 4, 1728, to Josiah, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, and for whom he was named. The senior Josiah Carpenter was born in Stafford. Conn., October 6. 1762, being one of a family of five sons and two daughters. Himself and three of his brothers served in the patriot army in the war of the Ilevolution, one of the brothers being killed while on sentinel duty at Roxbury Neck. He; graduated with the highest honors from Dartmouth Col- lege in the class of 1787, studied for the ministry, and, November 2, 1791, was ordained and installed pastor of the First Congregational church in Chichester, which jiastorate he retained i'or a period of nearly forty years, establishing and maintaining a rejmtation for geniality, benevolence, and hospitality which gained for him the afiectionate regard and esteem of his people. Throughout his entire career as a citizen and a minister of the gospel, he labored earnestly and diligently to advance every undertaking which had for its object the public good, or the ad- vancement of the cause of religious truth, as he understood it. He married, April 13, 1790, Hannah Morrill, of Canterbury; and their children were Nancy, David Morrill, John Thurston, Clarissa, Hannah, and Oliver, none of whom are now living. The second child — David Morrill Carpenter — was born in Chichester, No- vember 16, 1793, and, after receiving a good academic education, ccmimenccd active life in his native town in the capacity of a country merchant, which business he followed with much success for many years ; but subsequently turned his atten- 44 JOSIAH CARPENTER, ESQ. tion to agriculture, becoming tlie owner of an extensive farm, whicli lie cultivated for several yejirs in a most successful manner. Notwithstanding the constant de- mands of his private occupation, which, as his success demonstrated, were never neglected, a great portion of his time during the period of his active life was always claimed by the public duties imposed by his fellow-citizens. Almost con- tinually for twenty -five years he held one or more town offices, being several years chosen as the representative of his town in the state legislature, the duties of which position he discharged with ability and fidelity. He served as a member of the board of commissioners for Merrimack county, and was also, for more than thirty years, one of the trustees of the Merrimack County Savings Bank of Con- cord ; he was also for a long time a director of the Mechanics Bank of that city ; and was almost invariably in attendance upon the weekly meetings of the boards of the respective institutions. January 13, 1818, he was united in mar- riage with Mary, daughter of Jonathan Chesley Perkins, of Wells, Maine, who married Hannah Dennett, of Portsmouth, December 6, 1787, and shortly removed with his young wife to the town of Loudon in this state, adjoining Chichester, which was then almost a wilderness, where he cleared up a large farm, became a prosperous and influential citizen of the town, and reared a family of six children, of whom Mary, above mentioned, was the fourth. The children of David M. and Mary (Perkins) Carpenter were Charles H., Josiah, the subject of this sketch, Clara A., Sarah L., and Frank P., besides two daughters, who died in early life. In 1850, Mr. Carpenter removed to the town of Epsom, where he purchased a large farm, in the management of which his son Josiah was associated' with him. upon which he remained until he retired from active business, in 1858, in which year he removed to Concord, where he resided until his death, December 9, 1873, seven years subsequent to the death of his wife, who departed this life, November 4, 1866, at the age of sixty-eight years. A man of wide influence, universally exerted for good, he lived beloved and died respected. He had been a soldier in the war of 1812, enlisting at the outbreak of hostilities, although but a boy at the time ; yet, like his father, who had served in the Revolution, he would never accept from the government the pension to which he was legally entitled. Charles H., the eldest son and child of David M. Carpenter, resides in the town of Chichester, where he has always had his residence, and where he has won a reputation, not only as one of the successful farmers, but most prominent citizens, of the town and of the county. His farming property embraces more than a thousand acres of land. He is also quite extensively engaged as a dealer in real estate and lumber. Clara A., the eldest surviving daughter, is tlie wife of Samuel C. Merrill, a prosperous flour manufacturer and flour and grain dealer, of Paterson, N. J., formerly a well known wholesale merchant of Manchester. Sarah L. married Prof. James W. Webster, of Maiden, Mass., a teacher of experience and ability, now and for many years past principal of the Hancock school, Boston, formerly a successful teacher in Concord. Frank P., the youngest son, is a member of the enterprising and well known firm of Drake & Carpenter of Manchester, who are extensively engaged in the wholesale flour and grain trade. The subject of this sketch, — Josiah, the second son of David Morrill Car- penter, — although engaged to some extent in boyhood in assisting his father upon the farm, secured an academical education at Pembroke and Pittsfield acad- emies, and at the New Hampshire Conference Seminary at Sanbornton Bridge (now Tilton). Very early in life he manifested an aptitude for business, and en- gaged for some time in youth in the purcliase and sale of live stock, not only in this section but at the Southwest. Returning home from Kentucky about the JOSIAH CARPENTER, ESQ. 45 time his father removed to Epsom, he engaged with him in extensive farming operations in that town. He received, soon after, an appointment as deputy- sherifl' for the county of Merrimack, and also for the counties of Belknap and Hillsborough, which position he held for several years, and in which he trans- acted a lartre amount of business. For three or four years previous to his fa- tlier's removal to Concord, the entire management of the farm was substantially in his hands, which, together with his official business and individual enterprises in diffi-rent directions, gave ample scope for his energy and capacity. In 1858 the farm in Epsom was sold, and, his father having removed to Concord, ^Ir. Carpenter, in April of that year, established his residence in the town of rittsfield, having been tendered and accepted the cashiership of the Pittsfield bank. He discharged the duties of that position so satisfactorily that upon its conversion to a national bank, in 18G4, he was continued as cashier and also made a member of the board of directors. He continued his residence in Pittsfield until the spring of 1877, remaining all the while in management of the banks aifairs, while at the same time engaging in various lines of busi- ness in his own behalf. Nor did he fail to devote attention to public affairs. Never a politician, but always a stanch Democrat, he took no little interest in the success of his party, as well as the welfare of the town and community. He was frequently intrusted with official responsibilities by his fellow-citizens of Pittsfield. and" represented them in the legislature in 18G2 and 18G3. In the fall of 180:5, his health having become impaired from overwork, he went South to spend the winter, upon the advic& of his physicians, going first to New Orleans, whence he made a trip up the river, where he had a fine oppor- tunity for viewing the operations of the army in that quarter, the time being soon after Gen. Butler's occupancy of the city. Later in the season he visited Cuba, where he remained some time, returning in the spring greatly invigorated, and with improved general health. He was elected treasurer of Merrimack county in 1872, and again the following year, receiving at each election a support considerably in excess of his party vote. Long prominent in the councils of his party in his section of the state, he has served also, at diff"erent times, as a member of the Democratic state committee. In March, 1877, desiring a more extensive field of business operation, Mr. Carpenter resigned his position as cashier of the Pittsfield National Bank and removed to the city of Manchester, where, with characteristic vigor and enter- prise, he immediately set about the work of procuring a charter for and organiz- ing the Second National Bank of Manchester, of which institution he has been a director and cashier since its organization. The national bank being well established, he assisted in securing a charter for and organizing the Mechanics Savings Bank, of which he has been from the first a trustee and the treasurer. B(tth these institutions, under his skillful supervision, have attained a prosperous and flourishing condition. Aside from his general banking operations, he has in Manchester, as elsewhere, dealt extensively in notes, bonds, and real estate, and has been, for the past few years, quite largely engaged in building. In company with ex-Gov, Smyth, he is proprietor of Smyth and Carpenters block, on Elm street, the northern half of which has recently been completed. This block is four stories high and basement ; has a frontage, on Elm street, of two hundred feet, a depth of one hundred feet ; contains ten stores on the first floor, with offices and tenements above ; and is, beyond question, the largest brick block in the state in the ownership of anv single firm. Mr. Carpenter has always manifested an interest in educational affairs, and has been specially interested in the establishment and prosperity of the Holder- ness School for Boys, located at Holderness in this state, under the auspices of 46 JOSIAH CARPENTER, ESQ. the Episcopalian denomination, with which he is associated. He has been one of the trustees of this school from the inception of the enterprise, and is also the treasurer. He devoted much time and personal care to the work of remodeling the buildings at the outset, and, since then, to their enlargement as the growth and success of the school has demanded. September 1, 1858, Mr. Carpenter was united in marriage with Georgianna Butters Drake, born January 15, 1836, a lady of fine mental capacity and at- tainments, endowed with the graces and virtues essential to true womanhood, and at home alike in the social as well as the domestic circle. She was the only daughter and eldest child of the late Col. James Drake of Pittsfield, a promi- nent citizen of that town, well known in public life, who filled various respon- sible offices, including that of state senator, and who died April .7, 1870. He was a descendant of the celebrated Sir Francis Drake, the English explorer and naval commander who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe, and attained the rank of vice-admiral of the British navy. The family were among the earliest settlers of New England, and trace their ancestry more than six hun- dred years. The elder brother of Mrs. Carpenter — Frank J. Drake — is the ])artner of Mr. Carpenter's younger brother — Frank P. — in the firm of Drake & Carpenter, heretofore mentioned, while her younger brother — Nathaniel S. — is in business at Pittsfield. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter, — a daughter, Greorgia Ella, born October 13, 1859, an accomplished young lady who resides with her parents, and a son who died in infancy. Their residence is a fine brick mansion, among the most substantial in the city, on north Elm street, at the corner of Sagamore. Mr. Carpenter is now in the prime of life, though his business career has already been more extended and successful than that of most men of similar voca- tion who have been engaged a life-time therein. Filling various positions of trust and responsibility, public and corporate, with the greatest acceptability ; of sound judgment, strong will, quick perception and a practical, well balanced mind, and unquestioned integrity of action ; enjoying the general confidence of the public, and in a special degree that of those persons obliged or accustomed to seek ad- vice or assistance from others, in matters of business, — his success may indeed be regarded as far greater than that of those ordinarily known as fortunate busi- ness men, while there yet remains, in the ordinary course of life, ample time for farther successes and srreater achievements. HON. CHARLES WILLIAMS. BY O. C. MOORE. It haa long seemed to the writer that the successful organizer of modern industry deserved a high place in public estimation. The qualities usually found in such a person constitute as rare a combination as can be found in any depart- ment of human activity. Those qualities are industry, probity, intelligence, judgment, and executive ability. These virtues will always be found to lie at the foundation of a well ordered and prosperous state. When to these are added enterprise and energy, there is little wanting either to the successful individual or to the growing community. It is to this class of men that New England owes much of its pre-eminence to-day. What the pioneer settlers did to smooth the path for their successors; what the forefathers of the Revolution con- tributed to establish a new government and place it upon a self-supporting basis, — the men who established the industrial enterprises of New England have done for their posterity and the perpetuity of republican institutions. If New England should be stripped to-morrow of her mills, shops, and foundries, and the wealth and institutions that they in turn have created, New England would be but little more than an obscure and unenterprising hill country, with a dimin- ishing population and lessening influence. She would have a noble and inspiring history, but her glory would be departed. Hon. Charles Williams, the subject of this sketch, belongs to the untitled American nobility of organizers of industry. He comes of an old industrial stock, and can trace his lineage back, through six generations of workers, to a stalwart ancestor in old Wales. The Williamses formed a large part of the population of Wales, " somewhat like the O's of Ireland and the Mac's of Scotland." It is an interesting fact that the ancestor of Oliver Crom- well, in the fourth remove, was a Williams, known as Morgan ap Williams, of Grlamorganshire, Wales, a gentleman of property, who married a sister of Lord Thomas Cromwell, afterwards Earl of Essex. Carlyle speaks of the Protector as " Cromwell alias Williams." The " Encyclopedia Americana " states positively that the genealogy of Cromwell is traced to Richard Williams, who assumed the name of Cromwell from his maternal uncle, Thomas Cromwell, secretary of state to Henry VIII. However this may be, Richard Williams, the sixth remove in a direct line from the subject of this sketch, came to America from Grlamorganshire, Wales, in 1632, and settled in Taunton, Mass. Among his descendants were Hon. John Mason Williams, a distinguished jurist of Massachusetts ; G-en. Seth Williams, of Augusta, Me., a graduate of West Point, and a distinguished ofiicer in the Mexican war ; Hon. Ruel Williams, of Augusta, Me. ; and Hon. Lemuel Will- iams, a member of congress from Massachusetts. It is a coincidence of note that the occupation of the subject of this sketch, as well as that of his lineal descendants, follows the distinctive characteristic of the Welch ancestry. Grlam- organshire is famous for its iron and coal mines, and its iron-works are on the 48 HON^. CHARLES WILLIAMS. most extensive scale, it having sixty blast furnaces, some of which give employ- ment to six thousand men. The direct descent from Richard Williams of Taunton is as follows : Ben- jamin Williams, settled in Easton, Mass. ; Josiah Williams, settled at Bridgewater, Mass. Seth Williams, the great-grandfather of Mr. Williams, was born at Bridgewater, May 21, 1722. At the age of eighteen he went to Easton, Mass., and took up one thousand acres of government land. He married Susannah Forbes, of Bridgewater, and built the homestead now standing in Easton. Edward Williams, his son, married Sarah Lothrop, of Bridgewater, in 1772, still retaining the "homestead," where Lieut. Seth Williams, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born January 29, 1776. He was a tanner by trade, and took part in the war of 1812. He married Sarah Mitchael, daughter of Colonel Mitchael, of Bridgewater, Mass., an active man in the Revolutionary war, and for many years a member of the legislature from Easton. They were married in 1800, and lived near the "homestead." They had eight children, Charles, the present subject, being the third son, born at Easton, August 1, 1816. The first seventeen years of his life were spent on the farm, receiving such rudimentary education as could be obtained at a district school. At the age of eighteen he apprenticed himself to Gen. Shepherd Leach, proprietor of the "Easton Iron- Works," for the term of four years, to learn the foundry business, with a compensation of twenty-five dollars for the first year, fifty dollars for the second, seventy-five dollars for the third, and one hundred and twenty-five dollars for the fourth. By the death of Gen. Leach the contract was surrendered; but young Williams still continued in the employ of his successor, Mr. Lincoln Drake, until the panic of 1837. In this stagnation of business at the East, he deter- mined to go West, and purchased several hundred acres of land near Springfield, 111. The now flourishing capital of the state was then represented by a few dwelling-houses, one church, and a small hotel. This " New West" could then boast of no railroads, and the difficulty of getting produce to market, which was mainly by flat-boats down the Mississippi, off"ered but little attraction to farming, and he returned East. For two years he was employed in the foundry at North Chelmsford, Mass., and the subsequent three years in the Amoskeag foimdry at Manchester, N. H. Mr. Williams came to Nashua in 1845, at the age of twenty-nine, endowed with good health, correct habits, and an honorable ambition. In company with his elder brother, Seth, they established the foundry business, under the firm name of S. & C. Williams, erecting a building eighty by one hundred feet, and the business commenced. It was in the same year that two other important and still flourishing industries were begun in Nashua, — the manufacture of shuttles and bobbins by J. & E. Baldwin, and the manufacture of mortise-locks and door- knobs by L. W. Noyes and David Baldwin. This was the day of small begin- nings, and only twenty-five hands were employed in the foundry for several years. The business grew steadily, however, and everything seemed propitioiis. On the second of July, 1849, a fire broke out in the works, and, in spite of all exertions, the entire property was consumed, including all the patterns. The total loss was estimated at forty thousand dollars. It was a staggering blow, as these young men had no insurance. Men of less courage and energy would have succumbed to such a misfortune ; but on the very day of the fire the work of rebuilding was begun, and pushed with rapidity, a brick structure taking the place of the wood one destroyed. The partnership of S. & C. Williams was dissolved in 1859, and the business has since been continued by Charles. His brother Seth has been extensively employed in similar business. The business of the Williams foundry in Nashua has steadily increased, and was never more extensive than to-day. The pay-roll shows one hundred and twenty-five hands employed. HON^. CHARLES WILLIAMS. 49 Strict attention to business, unyielding integrity, and thorough mastery of his calling have been Mr. Williams's secret of success. He was one of five who organized the Second National Bank, and has since held the position of vice- president of the bank. Mr. Williams was elected a member of the common council soon after the organization of the city, in 1853, but from that time until 1876 he neither sought nor held any political office. In this centennial year, however, his party turned instinctively towards him as its most available candi- date for mayor, and at the nominating caucus he received an almost unanimous nomination. The nomination was ratified, and Mr. Williams became the centen- nial mayor of Nashua. His administi'ation was characterized by the same prudence, fidelity, and success that have crowned his business career. He was nominated for re-election, and the nomination was ratified at the polls by an increased vote and a largely increased majority. One of the social events of Mr. Williams's term of service was the visit of President Hayes and his cabinet to the city, and at the mayor's residence, which was elaborately decorated for the occasion, Mrs. Hayes held a public reception, which was attended by a great throng of people from the city and the surrounding towns. In his domestic relations Mr. AVilliams has been one of the most fortunate and happiest of men. In 1846 he married Eliza A. Weston, a cultivated chris- tian woman, and a devoted wife and mother, daughter of Capt. Siitheric Weston, of Antrim, N. H. ; both are members of the First Congregational church, Nashua, Rev. Frederick Alvord, pastor. Three children have blessed the union. Seth Weston Williams, born April 15, 1849, a graduate of Yale College, class of 1873, and of Bellevue Medical College, New York. After travel and study in Europe he returned to his native land, and had just entered on the practice of his profes- sion, with the brightest prospects of usefulness and eminence, holding a respon- sible appointment in Bellevue Hospital, when, on a visit to .Portland, he was attacked with congestion of the brain, which terminated his promising career at the age of thirty. The other children are Charles Alden Williams, born August 18, 1851, married October 26, 1881, Kate N. Piper; he was graduated from the scientific department at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., under Dr. William Taylor, in 1870, and further pursued the same course of study at the school of Technology in Boston, Mass., and will succeed his father in business ; and Mrs. Marian Williams-Viets, born March 4, 1854, married, November 8, 1878, Herbert Allen Yiets, of Troy, Ne^ York. Feeling in himself the want of an early education, Mr. Williams spared no pains in bestowing superior advantages upon his children, all of whom received a liberal education. In 1873 he planned a year's travel abroad with his family, but the critical condition of business in the country at that time prevented his leaving home. The plan was carried out, however, under the care of Dr. Seth Williams, the trip covering the tour of the Continent, and of the Orient as far east as Damascus. HON. LEVI WINTER BARTON. BY REV. J. W. ADAMS. Ancestral excellence is an invaluable legacy. As a rule, " blood will tell," and the marked physical, mental, and moral traits of a prominent family are likely to re-appear in many successive generations. And, added to this hereditary wealth, comes the inspiration of a noble example, suggesting the possibility and the desirability of worthy, helpful living. The subject of this sketch was fortu- nate in this regard. In the garnered wealth of a vigorous, talented, and virtuous ancestry, he has " a goodly heritage." From an abundance of reliable data, we extract only so much from the genealogical record as is necessary to the integrity of the direct lines from a very distant past to the present. Levi W. Barton's parents were Bezaleel Barton, 2d, and Hannah (Powers) Barton. Let us glance at the maternal ancestry. The family of Power (or Le Poer, as formerly written) was of Norman ex- traction, and settled in England at the conquest of that kingdom by the Normans, under William, duke of Normandy, in the person of Power, or Le Poer, who is recorded in " Battle Abbey " as one of the commanders at the battle of Hastings, in 1066. Soon after. Sir John Le Poer resided in Poershayse, Devonshire, England. In 1172, one of his descendants. Sir Roger LePoer, went with Earl Stougbon in his invasion and partial conquest of Ireland, where he greatly distinguished himself, and received large grants of land. He was the ancestor of a succession of distinguished men, among whom were Sir Nicholas Le Poer, who had a sum- mons to parliament, in 1375, as Baron Le Poer, and Sir Richard, Sir Peter, Sir Eustace, and Sir Arnold Le Poer. The barony, descending by writ to heirs, female as well as male, is now held by the Marquis of Waterford. The Earl of Lynn, for a term of one hundred years, and the Marquis of Waterford, were of that descent, through Lady Catharine Poer. The family was also a distinguished one in England, from the Norman conquest down. In 1187, Richard Poer of this line, high sheriff of Gloucestershire, Eng., was killed defending the " Lord's Day ;" and Sir Henry Le Poer distinguished himself greatly as a commander under the Duke of Wellington. This remarkable family has outlived the dynas- ties of the Conqueror, the Plantaganets, the Tiadors, and the Stuarts, and flourishes yet. Since the time of Queen Elizabeth, they have returned to their early orthography of Power ; and finally, in America, have added the " s," making it Powers. Walter Powers, the ancestor of all the Powers families of Croydon, N. H., was born in 16.39. He came to Salem, Mass., in 1654. He married, January 11, 1660, Trial, daughter of Deacon Ralph Shepherd. They moved to Nashoba, and he died there in 1708. The town, in 1715, was incorporated by the name of Littleton (Mass.). (S^ //"f ^ ^^ '^^Z^-- HON. LEVI WINTER BARTON. 51 Of the nine children of Walter and Trial Powers, the eldest, William, was born in IGGl, and married, 1688, Mary Bank. ^ , ^ „..„. o. Of the nine children of William and Mary (Bank) Powers, William, M, was b. 1691, in Nashoba, and m., 1713, Lydia Perham^ , -^ t i Of the four children of William, 2d, and Lydia (Perham) Powers, Lemuel was b in 1714, and m. Thankful Leland, of Grafton, Mass., daughter ol Lapt. James Leland All except the eldest of their children settled in Croydon, N. H. ; and two of his sons served Croydon as soldiers in the Revolution. Although not an " original grantee of Crovdon," he owned "proprietors' rights" at an early day aucl often attended '^ proprietors' " meetings at the inn of his brother-in-law, Lieut Phinehas Leland. as moderator. He died in Northbridge, Mass., 17J^. Of the ten children of Lieut. Lemuel and Thankful (Leland) Powers, Lze- kiel was b. in Grafton, Mass., March 16, 1745, and m., Jan. 28 1767, Hannah Hall of Uxbridge, Mass., who was daughter of Lieut. Edward and Lydia (Brown) H-ill Levi W Barton was her oreat-grandson. They came to Croydon m 1 < 67. He was a prominent citizen, andlield here many offices of trust. He was a man of industry and indomitable energy. He d. in Croydon, Nov. 11, lb(Jh. His widow d. Oct. 21, 1835. , ,t ,, -n x? ^ ■^ oa Of the seven children of Ezekiel and Hannah (Hall) Powers, Ezekiel, 2d (the first male child born in Croydon), was b. May 2, 1771. He m. Susannah Rice, Jan. 18, 1790. , t>- -o xr i. Of the six children of Ezekiel, 2d, and Susannah (Rice) Powers, Hannah (mother of Levi ^Y.) was b. Feb. 20, 1795, and m. Bezaleel Barton. Edward Hall (the earliest ancestor of Lieut. Edward Hall, who settled m Croydon about 1774) was at Duxbury, Mass., in 1637 and d. at Rehoboth, Nov 27 1671 The direct line by generations is : 1st, Edward ; 2d, Benjamin ; 3d Edward; 4th, Lieut. Edward, b. in Wrentham, Mass., July 18, 172 <; went with his father in 1740 to Uxbridge, where he held commissions under the king of Great Britain. He m., Aug. 17, 1747, Lydia Brown. ^About 1< <4 they came to Croydon, N. H., where he was moderator, March, 1 <7o, tax-collector and constable, 1778, and selectman, 1784, 1785, and 1786 He d. in CiJ>yclon, Dec. 28 1807. His widow d. Aug. 10, 1819. 5th, Hannah, b. Oct. 1 1<49, who m Ezekiel Powers and settled in Croydon. At this point the Hall unites with the Powers genealogy, and the last-named persons were great-grandparents ot Levi W. Barton. ^ , . ', The Bartons are of English descent. Without undertaking to be precise as to the details of kinship, we are able to identify the following as among their earliest ancestry in New England. Marmaduke Barton was in Salem, Mass., as early as 1638. Edward was in Salem in 1640. Rufus fled from the persecu- tion of the Dutch at Manhattan, N. Y., and settled in Portsmouth, R. I., in 1040, and died 1648. -r.- xt tt • -n^nr Mrs Eliza Barton testified in an important case at Piscataqua, N . H m ib&b. Edward, undoubtedly the one living in Salem in 1640, and husband ot Ehza Barton, came to Exeter, N. H., in 1657, and died at Cape Porpoise Jan., 16 a. Benjamin Barton of Warwick, .son of Rufus Barton, m., June 9, 1669, busan- nah Everton. Edward Barton, son of Edward of Exeter, took the freeman s oath in 1674. Doctor John Barton (probably son of Doctor James Barton) m., April 20, 1676, Lydia Roberts of Salem, Mass. u j- James Barton, b. in 1643, came to Boston, Mass., before 1670. He d. in Weston, Mass., in 1729. Samuel Barton (probably son of Doctor James Barton) was b in 1666. He testified in a witch case (in favor of the witch, be it said to his credit) in Salem, Mass., in 1691. Stephen Barton was at Bristol (then in Mass.) in 1690. Col. William Barton, b. in Providence, m 1747, — who with a 52 HON. LEVI WINTER BARTON. small body of men crossed Narragansett bay on the night of July 20, 1777, passed, unnoticed, three British vessels, landed, reached the (juarters of the English general, Prescott, and captured him, and for which, history informs us, he received from congress the gift of a sword, a commission as colonel, and a tract of land in Vermont, — was a descendant of Samuel Barton and Hannah his wife, ancestors of the Bartons of Croydon. They were living in Framingham, Mass., as early as 1690, and moved to Oxford, Mass., in 1716, where his will was proved Sept. 23, 1738. Of their eight children, Samuel was b. in Framingham. Oct. 8, 1691; and m.. May 23, 1715, f]lizabeth Bellows. Of the children of Samuel and Elizabeth (Bellows) Barton, Bezaleel was b. July 26, 1722, and m., April 30, 1747, Phebe Carlton, a lady noted for her beauty. Of the children of Bezaleel and Phebe (Carlton) Barton, were Phebe (one of whose granddaughters was the wife of Dr. Judson), Bezaleel, Benjamin, and Peter who was b. at Sutton, Mass., Sept. 3, 1763, and went with his parents to Royalston, Mass., in 1764, where he m. Hepsibeth Baker, Nov. 12, 1789. Bezaleel Barton and his sons, Bezaleel, Benjamin, and Peter, served Royalston as soldiers in the Revolution. Bezaleel, senior, was killed at the battle of Bunker Hill. Peter and Hepsibeth (Baker) Barton came to Croydon, N. H., in 1793, where he resided until 1824, when he removed to Sunapee, where he d. Sept. 24, 1825. He was chosen selectman of Croydon from 1801 to 1805, inclusive. He shared largely the confidence of the public, and was noted for his strict integrity. Of his tiairteen children born in Croydon, Bezaleel, 2d, was b. July, 1794, and m. Hannah Powers, daughter of Ezekiel Powers, at which point the Barton and Powers genealogies unite. Of the children of Bezaleel Barton, 2d, and Hannah ( Powers ) Barton, Levi Winter was b. March 1, 1818. The father, a man of marked social qualities, and frank and genial in his bearing, died before the son had reached his majority, and previous to this busi- ness had taken the father from home, so that most of the responsibilities of the family rested upon the mother. But it is no idle pun upon her maiden name to say that she was a poioer in that household. She exercised a healthful and unchallenged discipline. Her intuitive vision saw every material necessity of the family ; her unsurpassed executive capacity was e((ual to every demand ; and, what is ((uite as essential to the formation of a symmetrical character, her moral and religious precepts and example compelled a recognition of the claims of God and man. The sick and the poor of her neighborhood were often greatly indebted to her for the wisdom of her counsels, the abundance of her alms-deeds, and the warmth of her sympathy. Universally venerated and esteemed, she died in Croydon, Sept. 14, 1881, aged 86 years. Inheriting the best qualities of such an ancestry, molded and inspired by such a mother, and in boyhood acquiring his fiber in the severe but practical school of tireless industry, rigid economy, and heroic self-denial and self-reliance, we might anticipate for Mr. Barton a character and a career which would place him among the best and foremost citizens of ^ his state, and entitle him to an important chapter in its history. We hazard nothing when we say that he has made that anticipation a reality, and that he has aff"orded us another conspicuous exam- ple of what the humblest may achieve under the fostering genius of republican institutions. His district-school education, often interrupted by demands upon his manual labor, consisted of ten brief winter terms. At eighteen he assumed the respon- HON. LEVI WESTTEK BAKTON. 53 sibility of his own education and support. He had no money, but he had what is better, courage and muscle. He went to work. His books were always near by, so that, whenever there was a leisure moment, "the horny hands of toil" would grasp and his hungry mind would feast upon them. He would brook no discoumgements. No hours were allowed to run to waste. Often on rainy days he would call on his old friend, John Cooper, Esq., to receive instruction. These eftbrts, supplemented by a term under Dr. Miner of Boston, qualified him to teach in the common schools. But for awile he devoted himself chiefly to farmmg.^ At twenty-one he married Miss Mary A. Pike, one of Newport's worthiest young ladies. She died the next year, leaving an infant son, Col. Ira McL. Barton, now deceased The death of his wife was a severe blow to one in whose nature the domestic element is so marked. With the light of his home gone out, and with his life-plan destroyed, he seemed almost paralyzed for a time. But the bent steel of his intense personality was sure to react. The second year after this bereavement he entered Kimball Union Academy, to pursue a classical course under that distinguished teacher. Dr. Cyrus Richards. Having but one hundred dollars when he entered, he was compelled to teach winters and to toil with his hands during the summer vacations ; but his uncompromising zeal carried him successfully through the three years' course. We cannot repress our admira- tion for the young man whom neither bereavement nor poverty could crush, but who, in spite of the most disheartening circumstances, earns the right to stand in the front rank with his most brilliant competitors. This he did. In the same spirit, and still relying upon his own exertions for means, he entered Dartmouth College in 1844, aiid honorably graduated in 1848. His oration, on graduation, was highly commended by the public journals of the day. At the commencement and close of the terms, he would make the journeys to and from college, twenty-one miles, on foot. During his senior year he studied law with Hon. Daniel Blaisdell of Hanover. After graduating, Mr. Barton taught five terms in the Canaan Academy, and at thtT same time was a law student with Judge Kittredge. During this period he was appointed postmaster of Canaan. In the early part of 1851 he left. Canaan, and completed his legal studies with Messrs. Metcalf & Corbin of Newport, and was there admitted to the bar in the July following.^ In 1854 he formed a law partnership with Hon. Ralph Metcalf, which continued until Mr. Metcalf was elected governor. He then became the law partner of Shepherd L. Bowers, Esq., with whom he was associated until 1859. Notwith- standing his extensive law practice, Mr. Barton has been engaged, to a consider- able extent, in building, farming, stock-raising, and fruit-growing. No man with equal means has contributed more to the growth and permanent improvement of the village of Newport. None have done more by their own personal industry to convert rouiih fields into attractive streets, luxuriant gardens, and pleasant homes. Taught from childhood to cultivate the soil, he has, all along through his busy life, found his highest enjoyment in turning aside from the turmoil of professional labors to the more genial occupation of agricultural pursuits. As evidence of his superior legal abilities, and of the public esteem in which he is held, we point to the following record : He was register of deeds for Sul- livan county from 1855 to 1857, inclusive ; county solicitor from 1859 to 1864 ; representative to the state legislature in 1863, 1864, 1875, 1876, and 1877 ; and state senator in 1867 and 1868. During all these seven years of service in both houses, he was a member of the judiciary committee, and for five years its chair- man. In 1866 he was chairman of the board of commissioners appointed to audit the war debt of the state. In 1876 he was a member of the convention which revised the state constitution ; and was chosen Republican elector of presi- dent and vice-president of the United States. Gov. Harriman appointed him 54 HOIST. LEVI WINTER BARTON. bank commissioner, but be declined tbe office. Gov. Prescott appointed him, in 1877, one of the commissioners to revise and codify the statutes of New Hampshire. His many friends have fondly hoped to see him elected to congress. It is conceded that his abilities and his fidelity to important public trusts reveal his eminent fitness for such a position. But local divisions, for which he is in no way responsible, have thus far prevented his nomination. His name has come twice before the nominating conventions, and each time with a very flat- tering vote. When Mr. Barton commenced the practice of law in Newport, he found there able rivals for the honors of the profession, whose reputations were well established. I cannot better express the truth than to use the language of a writer who, speaking of this period of his life, says : — " The field seemed to be fully and ably occupied, but from the outset his success was assured. It immediately became apparent that he would bring to the discharge of the duties of his new position the same energy and devotion to principle which had hitherto characterized his actions. From that time to the present, he has enjoyed the confidence of the public. As counselor, he is cautious and careful, dissuading from, rather than urging on, litigation. As an advocate, he is eloquent, zealous, bold, and persistent. His faithfulness and devotion to the interests of his clients have often been a sulyect of remark." Mr. Barton's legislative experience began in 18G3, that intensely feverish period of the rebellion. The Democratic party was represented by its ablest orators and most skillful parliamentarians. They were artful, bitter, and des- perate. The majority could not afford to waste or misapply its resources. Com- petent leadership was essential to the utilization of the Republican strength. Fortunately this was found. It came from the ranks of the "raw recruits." Wary and watchful, alert and forcible, Mr. Barton promptly and successfully met the assaults of the opposition, and sometimes " carried the war into Africa." The house soon acknowledged his leadership, — a leadership which he maintained at the subsequent sessions. The soldiers will never forget his fearless advocacy of the measure allowing them to vote in the field. This cost him his re-appoint- ment as solicitor ; but he was not the man to sacrifice so sacred a principle for the loaves and fishes of office. In 1875 and 187G he occupied the responsible position of chairman of the Republican legislative caucus. In the sessions ot 1876 and 1877, the Manchester Mirror^ Independent Statemcm, and other papers spoke in the highest terms of his service, giving him the credit of punc- tual attendance, praiseworthy diligence, and of ably championing the best meas- ures that were enacted, and pointing him out as a probable candidate for the national congress. His long and able legislative experience has never been stained by political corruption, or by the betrayal of any moral question. John Cooper, Esq., in the Granite Monthly of May, 1879, has truthfully said: " Through all these years of political life he presents a record without a blemish." Mr. Barton is a man of well proportioned, commanding physique, and is well preserved by temperate living and total abstinence ft-om all intoxicants and narcotics. He is also a man of fluent and agreeable speech, of fine conversa- tional powers, and is the inspiration of every social circle which he enters. At home as well as abroad, in private as well as in public life, he is the invariable advocate of every moral and social reform. He is an honor to the Masonic fra- ternity, whose ])rinciples he worthily represents. He is the warm and helpful friend of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which he belongs ; but he has an HON. LEVI WINTER BARTON. 55 unaffected contempt for all sectarian narrowness. His sense of justice is intuitive, his sympathy quick, and in its exercise he regards neither state nor condition. The destitute and forsaken always find in him a true friend. From boyhood he has been an avowed and uncompromising opposer of slavery, and of whatever oppresses the masses, whether white or black. If he sometimes asserts and main- tains his opinions with earnestness and warmth, he never does so with malice. In the advocacy of what he deems to be just, he is never turned aside by motives of self-interest. In 1852 he married Miss Lizzie F. Jewett, of Hollis, — a cultured, christian lady. Her amiability, good sense, and force of character render her every way worthy of her distinguished husband. Their "silver wedding" was observed in 1877, and was honored by a large circle of friends. Besides other tokens of appreciation bestowed at that time, Hon. Edmund Burke presented, in behalf of the donors, an elegant silver service. Their children are Herbert J., Florence F., Natt L., and Jesc^ M. The eldest son, Herbert J. Barton, was born September 27, 1853. He prepared for college at Tilton, and graduated at Dartmouth in the class of 1876. He has taught with great success in Providence, R. I., also for two years as principal in the Newport high school, and, still later, as principal in the high school of Waukegan, 111. In 1881 he was admitted to the bar of Illinois at Chicago, and is now associated in practice with his father. He married, August 21, 1877, Miss Sarah L. Dodge, daughter of Leander F. Dodge of Newport, a very intel- ligent and worthy young lady. The son has many of the elements which have contributed to the father's success, and we expect his native state will hear from him. Florence F. graduated from the Newport high school in 1881, and is a young lady of fine promise. In conclusion we remark, Mr. Barton stands well at home. Conscious of his personal integrity and of the worthiness of his aims, his well earned honors clus- tering thickly upon him, beloved by his family and community, and cheered by the favor of Providence, he may with great propriety congratulate himself that he has not lived in vain. And as his physical and intellectual forces seem not in the least abated, we may fondly hope that his fellow-citizens may for many years to come enjoy the benefits of his practical wisdom and patriotic devotion; and that his posterity may as nobly sustain the name of Barton as he has the names of those from whom he descended. HON. RODNEY WALLACE. Rodney Wallace, of Fitchburg, Mass., was born in New Ipswich, N. H., December 21, 1823. He is the son of David and Roxanna Wallace, who spent the latter years of life at Rindge in the same state. Whether the family is of English or Scotch origin is extremely difficult to decide. If the orthography of the last century is correct, then it is English; if not, Scotch. The point possesses more genealogical than real importance. Peo- ple are free to change their names as they list, and have always exercised that privilege ; and under either garb the name has been borne by noble and distin- guished men in the Old World. The first of this family who came to this country settled in Ipswich, Mass. Benoni Wallis removed from this place to Lunenburg, Mass., and there married, on the 2d of July, 1755, Rebecca Brown, of Lynn. They continued to reside in Lunenburg until her death, August 25, 1790. He died March 15, 1792. David Wallis, son of Benoni, was born October 10, 1760. He married Susannah Conn, and died in Ashburnham, January 14, 1842. David Wallace, son of David and Susannah (Conn) Wallis, was born in Ashburnham, July 14, 1797. He mar- ried, July 8, 1821, Roxanna Gowen, of New Ipswich, and removed to Rindge in 1846, where he died May 29, 1857. She died in Fitchburg, February 27, 1876. In the exercise of his own right and discretion, he restored what he doubtless held to be the original spelling of his name, and always wrote it Wallace. Rodney Wallace, when twelve years of age, went from home to work upon a farm for the sum of forty dollars for the first year, with the privilege of attend- ing school eight weeks in the winter ; and from this time until arriving at the age of twenty he worked for wages, attending school from eight to ten weeks in the winter. His education was thus acquired, during the few winter months, in the common country schools of that time. From the age of twenty until his removal to Fitchburg, he was employed and intrusted with business for the late Dr. Stephen Jewett, of Rindge, N. H. In 1853 he removed to Fitchburg and became a member of the firm of Shepley & Wallace, wholesale dealers in books, stationery, etc., which firm, under this name and the name of R. Wallace & Co., became one of the best known firms in this line of business in New England. After several years of successful management of that business, he withdrew from the firm, engaged in the manufacture of paper, and connected himself with several other manufactur- ing interests in Fitchburg. In whatever interest Mr. Wallace has been engaged, he has not only been fortunate in its pecuniary issues, but also in the speedy command of the confidence and respect of his associates. True moral principle has been united with unquestioned probity, business tact, and liberal, intelligent management, and he is held in high estimation, both as a citizen and as a friend. His usefulness has been approved by long, earnest, and efficient service ; and his liberality, by unostentatious but generous donations to the support of many laud- able undertakings. 1:7^1 a.^c-^:^<^^^ HON. RODNEY WALLACE. 57 In 18G5, Mr. Wallace entered into the business of manufaeturino- paper with three other gentlemen, under the name of the Fitchburg Paper Company. One by one these gentlemen sold their respective interests to Mr. Wallace, and in 18G8 he became sole owner of the entire property. From that time until the present day he has carried on the business under the old firm name of the Fitchburo- Paper Comiiany. He has, since he became sole owner, made large additions of land to the property, rebuilt the original mill and filled it with the most improved machinery, erected a new mill with the latest improvements of every kind, and built addi- tional store-houses, etc., until he has increased the producing capacity from two thousand five hundred pounds per day, to sixteen thousand pounds of hanoinf, card, and glazing paper per day of twenty-four hours. The mills, the ampTe store-houses, the out-buildings and dwelling-houses make up a little village, want- ing nothing but distance from the city to claim a name of its own. For the direction of several monetary' and corporate interests his services have been frequently sought. He has been president and director of the Fitch- burg Gas-Light Company since 1 864 ; a director of the Fitchburg National Bank since 1866 ; partner in the Fitchburg Woolen Mill. Company, witli the Hon. Wm. H.^ Vose and Hon. Rufus S. Frost, since 1867 ; a director of the Putnam Ma- chine Company since 1864 ; and has just been chosen director of the Parkhill Man- ufacturing Company, recently organized for the manufacture of ginghams. For several years he has been a trustee of the Fitchburg Savings Bank, a director of the Fitchburg Mutual Fire Insurance Company," president of the Fitchburo- Board of Trade (four years), a director of the Fitchburg Railroad Company, and a trustee of Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Though thoroughly patriotic and keenly alive to the importance of current issues, the magnitude of the private and corporate interests committed to his care would not permit the alienation of close personal attention from them to political matters, and whatever offices he has held have sought him, instead of his seeking them. He was a selectman in the years 1864, 1865, and 1867, and a representative to the general court in 1874, but declined a re-election the following year, on account of ill health. He was a member of the governor's council in 1880 and 1881, and has just been re-elected to serve in the same position the present year. Mr. Wallace was married, on the 1st of December, 1853, to Sophia, younsest daughter of Thomas Ingalls, Esq., of Riudge. She died June 20, 1871, leaving two sons. The eldest, Herbert I., born February 17, 1856, is a graduate of Harvard College, class of 1877; and the younger, George R., obtained his educa- tion in the Fitchburg high school, and a two years' special course in the Institute of Technology, Boston. They are both now with their father. Mr. Wallace mar- ried, for his second wife, Sophia F. Bailey, of Woodstock, Vt., on the 28th day of December, 1876. GEN. SIMON G. GRIFFIN, BY REV. A. B. CRAWFORD. Gen. Griffin was born in Nelson, N. H., on the 9th of August, 1824. His ancestors, as far back as they can be traced, were prominent men in the communities where they lived, gifted with more than ordinary intellect and force of character. His grandfather, Samuel Griffin, Escj^., came from Methuen, Mass., soon after the Revolutionary war, married a daughter of Rev. Jacob Foster, at that time the settled minister at " Packersfield," now Nelson, and took up his residence in that town. His superior abilities soon brought him forward to fill responsible positions, and for many years he represented the town in the legislature, and held the highest town offices. Both he and the General's maternal grandfather, Nehemiah Wright, were patriot soldiers in the Revolutionary army, and both were present at the battle of Bunker Hill. His father, Nathan Griffin, was equally gifted with the earlier progenitors of the race ; but, losing his health in the prime of his manhood, the care of rearing the family of seven children fell upon the mother. Her maiden name was Sally Wright, — one of the loveliest of her sex, both in person and character, — and the General owes much to her wise counsels and careful training. She died recently, at the age of ninety-four, in the full possession of her mental faculties. When but six years of age, in consequence of the illness of his father, the boy was sent to live for some years with his uncle, Gen. Samuel Griffin, of Rox- bury, N. H. He, too, had a decided talent for military affairs, had been a volun- teer in the war of 1812, was prominent in the state militia, and was fond of repeating the military histories and descriptions of battles and campaigns that he had read, thus producing a deep and lasting impression on the mind of the lad. But never, after he was seven years old, could the boy be spared from work on the farm to attend school during summer. Ten or twelve weeks each winter at the district school was all the " schooling " he ever had ; but his leisure hours were spent in reading and study, and, in spite of his want of advantages, at eighteen years of age he began to teach with marked success. He had also read much history, and the lives of the great military chieftains of ancient and modern times ; and thus by inheritance, and by his early training and reading, he had become unconsciously fitted for the special work before him, and had cultivated the patriotic spirit and ability for military affairs which have won for him an honorable place among the distinguished soldiers of our state, and made him, as confessed on all sides, one of the best volunteer officers in the war of the rebellion. Continuing his studies while teaching winters and working on the farm sum- mers, he mastered all the higher English branches usually taught in colleges, studied Latin and French, and went through a large amount of miscellaneous reading. In 1850 he married Ursula J., daughter of Jason Harris, Esq., of Nelson ; but soon after the birth of a son, the following year, both mother and /llU^, "^^Zk^^yTt^/l/Z.'J/A^ '^ ^^ GEN. SIMON G. GRIPriN. 59 son died. Returning to his former occupation of teaching, he took up the study of law, and while thus engaged represented his native town two years in the leg- islature, serving the second term as chairman of the committee on education. He was admitted to the bar in 1800, and had just begun the practice of his profession at Concord when the war broke out. Throwing aside his law-books, he took up the study of military tactics, joined a company then forming at Con- cord, under the first call for troops, — volunteering as a private, but when it came to organization was chosen captain, — and finding the quota of New Hampshire full under the first call, immediately volunteered, with a large number of his men, for three years or the war, under the second call. Recruiting his company to the maximum, he joined the Second Regiment at Portsmouth, was mustered into the United States service in June, 1861, and commanded his company at the first battle of Bull Run, handling it with coolness and bravery, although it was under a sharp fire, and lost twelve men, killed and wounded. It was the celebrated " Goodwin Rifles," Co. B, 2d N. H. Vols., armed with Sharp's rifles, by the exertions of Capt. Griffin and his friends, — the only company sent from the state armed with breech-loaders. In 1861 he was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel of the 6th N. H. Vols., and joined that regiment at its rendezvous in Keene. The regiment was assigned to Burnside's expedition to North Carolina, and landed at Hatteras island in January, 1862. In March it removed to Roanoke island, and on the 7th of April, Lieut. -Col. Griffin was sent in command of an expedition, composed of six hundred men with five gunboats, to break up a rebel rendezvous near Elizabeth City, N. C. Landing at daybreak the next morning, he attacked and broke up the camp, capturing seventy-four prisoners, three hundred and fifty stands of arms, and a quantity of ammunition. On the 19th of April, at the battle of Camden, N. C, he commanded his regiment, which formed the reserve. At the critical moment he moved it forward in line of battle, within short musket range, halted the line, gave the command to fire, and the regiment poured in a volley with wonderful coolness and precision. The enemy broke and fled, and the battle was won. On the 22d of April, 1862, he was commissioned colonel of the regiment. Assigned to Reno's division, which was sent to aid Pope in Virginia, he com- manded his regiment at the second Bull Run, where it was ordered, with its brigade, to attack the enemy in a piece of wood. Forcing their way for some distance, they received a murderous fire in front and from the left flank and rear. Thinking it must be friends firing into them by mistake, Col. Griffin took the colors and waved them in that direction, but the fire only came the sharper ; and finding himself nearly surrounded by an immense force, and deserted by the other regiments, he gave the order to retreat, and brought off" the remnant of his men, bearing the colors himself. At the battles of Chantilly and South Mountain he commanded his regiment; and at Antietam, after one attempt to carry the bridge in front of Burnside had been made and failed. Col. Griffin was ordered to make the assault with his own regiment and the Second Maryland. The charge was gallantly made, but the approaches were difficult, the enemy's fire destructive, and the column was checked ; but re-enforcements were brought up, and the bridge was carried, and the Sixth New Hampshire, with Col. Griffin at its head, was the first to plant its colors on the heights beyond. For gallantry in this action he was recommended for promotion to brigadier-general. At Fredericksburg he commanded his regi- ment, which again suff"ered severely in the assault on the heights. Soon after that battle he obained a leave of absence, and was married to Margaret R. Lamson, of Keene, N. H., with whom he is still living, and by whom he has two sons. 60 GEN. SIMON G. GRIFFIN. Early in the year 1863, the ninth corps was transferred to the department of Ohio, and Col. Griffin was placed in command of the second brigade, second division, serving in Kentucky. From there the first and sectnd divisions were sent to aid Grant at Vicksburg ; and, upon the fall of that city, Sherman moved upon Jackson, Miss., the capital of the state, driving Johnston before him. While approaching the town. Col. Griffin was at one time in command of the advanced line, consisting of three brigades, when a sharp attack was made by the enemy, at three o'clock in the morning, with a view to breaking our lines by surprise, but was repulsed with considerable loss. Returning to Kentucky, he took command of the second division, and marched over the Cumberland mount- ains, joining Gen. Burnside at Knoxville. Several regiments of the corps had been lelt in Kentucky, and Col. Griffin was sent to conduct them forward to Knoxville. Before they had started on the march, however, Kentucky itself was threatened with raids, in consequence of our defeat at Chickamauga, and Col. Griffin and his troops were retained for the defense of that state. While on that duty his regiment re-enlisted for three years, or the war; and in January, 1864, he was ordered with it to Covington, Ky., where they were remustered into the United States service, and immediately proceeded to New Hampshire on their thirty days' furlough, granted by the terms of re-enlistment. In the spring of 1864, the ninth corps re-assembled at Annapolis, under Gen. Burnside, and Col. Griffin was assigned to the command of the second brigade, second division. On the 5th of May the corps joined the army of the Potomac, on the Bapidan, and at two o'clock on the morning of the 6th, Col. Griffin was sent with his brigade to attack the enemy, and later in the day made a brilliant charge in repelling an attack made on the second corps. At Spottsyl- vania Court- House, May 12, Gen. Hancock made the assault at four o'clock in the morning. Griffin occupied the right of the ninth corps, on the left of Han- c(-ck, though some distance from him, with orders to support that officer. Promptly at four o'clock Griffin advanced with his brigade in line of battle, and made directly for the point of attack indicated by the sound of Hancock's guns. As he approached, he galloped forward to see just where to make the connection. Passing out of a wood into an open field, he found Hancock's troops wild with excitement over their success, but with organizations completely broken up by the charge they had made. Looking across a valley to a slope beyond, he saw a laro-e force of rebels advancing rapidly to make a counter attack. Hastening back to his command, he brought it forward into position just in time to take that advancing column in front and flank with a destructive fire. Other brigades came up and formed on his left, and for five hours a terrific fire was kept up, and the furious onslaught of three Confederate divisions was repulsed. The loss on each side was fearful, but Hancock's corps, and possibly the army, was saved from being swept away, and a victory was won. By this gallant act Col. Griffin " won his star," being made a brigadier-general of volunteers by President Lincoln, on the recommendation of Generals Burnside and Grant, and confirmed by the senate without debate, reference, or a dissenting vote. On tlie 18th he made a reconnoissance with his brigade, and handled it with coolness and skill in the fights of North Anna, Tolopotomy Creek, Bethesda Church, and Cold Harbor. On the arrival of the army in front of Petersburg, June 15, he was placed in command of two brigades, and made a skillful attack on the enemy's advanced lines at daylight next morning, capturing one thousand prisoners, fifteen hundred stands of arms, four pieces of artillery, with ' caissons, horses, and ammunition, and opening the way into Petersburg had sup- ports been ready in time. At the battle of the "Mine" he commanded his brigade, and did every thing that could be done in his place to insure success ; also at the Weldon llailroad, Poplar Grove Church, and Hatcher's Run. GEN. SIMON Q. GmrriN. 61 At the final breaking of the lines in front of Petersburg-, on the 2d of April, 1865, after charging the enemy's picket line and capturing two hundred and forty-nine prisoners during the night previous, he formed his brigade near Fort Sedgwick, in column by regiments, with three com] awies of picneers in front armed only with axes to cut away the ahah's. Just at daybreak, at a precon- certed signal, in connection with Gen. Hartranft on his right and Col. Curtin on his left, he led his column to the charge. Nothing could exceed the coolness and intrepidity with which officers and men pressed forward under a terrific fire of grape, canister, and musketry ; for our artillery had opened and given the enemy warning. Tearing away the ahatis, they dashed over the parapet, seized the guns, captured hundreds of prisoners, and held the line. The loss was frightful, but the backbone of the rebellion was broken ; and when the news of the assault reached Richmond, on that Sunday morning, Jeffersrn Davis crept out of church and stole away, a fugitive ; and Petersburg and Eichmcnd were occupied by our troops next morning. For gallantry in that action Gen. Griffin was brevetted a major-general of volunteers, and succeeded to the command of the second division, ninth corps, holding that position till the close of the war. with the exception of a short time while he was president of an examining board of officers at Washington. He joined in pursuit of the rebel forces, and his division formed a part of the column that encompassed Lee and com- pelled him to surrender. Returning with the army and encamping at Alexandria, be led his division in the Grand Review, on the 23d of May; and when the last regiment of his command had been mustered out, he also, in August, 1865, was mustered out of the service of the United States. Gen. Griffin's service had been a most honorable one. Brave, able, and patriotic, he was always in demand at the front, and his service was of the most arduous kind. He took an active part in twenty-two great battles, besides being engaged in numberless smaller fights and skirmishes, and his troops were never under fire, or made a march of any importance, except with him to lead them. Yet he never received a scratch, although he had seven ball-holes through his clothes, and had two horses killed and five wounded under him in action ; and he never lost a day's duty from sickness, — the result, no doubt, of temperate habits. As an example of the severity of his service in Grant's campaign of 1864, he left Alexandria with six regiments, reporting twenty-.seven hundred fighting men. At the close of the campaign he bad lost three thousand men, killed and wounded, — three hundred more than bis whole number, — new regiments having been assigned to him, and the older ones filled up with recruits. At the close of the war the government appointed him a field officer in one of the regiments in the regular army ; but he had no desire for the life of a soldier when his country no longer needed his services, and he declined the ofi'er. In 1866, 1867, and 1868, he represented Keene in the New Hampshire state legis- lature, serving the last two years as speaker of the house, which position he filled with marked ability, showing rare talent as a presiding officer. In January, 1866, he presided over the Republican state convention ; and Dartmouth College that year conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts, causa honorig. In 1871 he was nominated for congress by the Republicans of the third district, but the opposition carried the state that year, and. although making a good run, he was defeated by a few votes. Renominated in 1873, he was again defeated by a small majority. The habits of .study so diligently cultivated by Gen, Griffin in youth have never been laid aside, but are still kept up in the midst of an active and busy life, he being engaged in large enterprises in the South and West. As a public speaker he is able, graceful, and convincing, and his work always shows thorough 62 GEN. SIMON G. GRIFFIN. preparation, correct taste, and sound judgment. In a book of Garfield's speeclies, with a short sketch of his life, published by a firm in St. Louis, a few memorial addresses, selected as the best delivered in the country, are inserted as a supple- ment, and Gen. Griffin's, delivered at Keene, and the same day at Marlborough, is found among them. In his home, where he is cordially seconded by Mrs. Griffin, there is a tender and affectionate union of the members, a courteous hospitality, a library rich in choice books which are read and known, and all the comforts and enjoy- ments of a true New England home ; and from that home abundant good works go out that make for the well-being of a community. COL. DAVID LYMAN JEWELL. BY J. N. MCCLINTOCK. The chief industry of the flourishing village of Suncook is the manufacture of cotton cloth. The China, the Webster, and the Pembroke mills are three great establishments under one management, built on the banks of the Suncook river, and operated principally by its power, where this class of goods is made. About these mills, which give steady employment to over fifteen hvmdred opera- tives, has grown up a substantial village, with fine public buildings, spacious stores, elegant private residences, and long blocks of neat tenement-houses, inhab- ited by a liberal and public-spirited class of citizens, and governed by a wise and judicious policy which renders this community comfortable, attractive, and law- abiding. The man to whose clear head and skillful hand is intrusted the man- agement of this great corporation, of such vital importance to the village of Suncook, is a genial gentleman of forty-five. Col. David L. Jewell, a brief outline of whose life it is m}^ purpose to sketch. David Lyjian Jewell, son of Bradbury and Lucinda ( Chapman ) Jewell, was born in Tamworth, N. H., January 26, 1837. In the midst of the grandest scenery of New England, under the shadows of the Ossipee mountains, and in view of bold Chocorua, our friend was ushered to this earthly pilgrimage. Colonel Jewell is a descendant of Mark Jewell, who was born in the north of Devonshire, England, in the year 1724, and died in Sandwich, N. H., the 19th of February, 1787. He descended from the same original stock as Bishop John Jewell of Devonshire. Mark Jewell came to this country in 174o, married, and located in Durham this state; he was the father of three sons, Mark, Jr., Bradbury, and John. Mark, Jr., was the first white man that settled in Tamworth. in 1772, on what is now called '' Stevenson's Hill," removing soon after to " Birch Intervale," as known at the present time. He married Ruth Yittum. of Sandwich, in 1776; they were the parents of sixteen children. He was prominent in all town aifairs, and sometimes preached, and was familiarly called among his fellow-townsmen "Elder" or ''Priest" Jewell. Bradbury, son of Elder Jewell, married Mary Chapman in 1806, by whom he had two sons, Bradbury and David. Bradbury Jewell, a pupil of Samuel Hidden, was a teacher of considerable note, and his memory is tenderly cherished to-day by many of his pupils through- out the state. While engaged in teaching he pursued a course of medical studies, and in 1839, having completed them, collected his worldly goods and removed to Newmarket, a place presenting a larger field for practice. There he commenced in earnest his chosen profession ; but, being of a delicate constitution, the expos- ure incident to a physician's life soon told upon his limited strength ; he was taken sick, and died " ere the sun of his life had reached its meridian," leaving his widow, with two little children, in indigent circumstances, to combat with a cold and selfish world. A wealthy merchant of the place, having no children, 64 COL. DAVID LYMAN JEWELL. wished to adopt young David, offering to give him a college education and leave him heir to his worldly possessions ; but with a mother's love for her offspring Mrs. Jewell refused the offer, and resolved to rear and educate her children as well as her limited means would allow. Being a woman of undaunted spirit, she opened a boarding-house for factory operatives, when factory girls were the intel- lio-ent daughters of New England farmers, who regarded this new industry a most favorable opportunity for honorable employment. Having brothers in Massachusetts, and thinking to better sustain herself and children, Mrs. Jewell removed to Newton Upper Falls, Mass., following the same occupation there. In that village young Jewell first attended school, the teacher of which was a former pupil of his father. To render his mother more substan- tial assistance than he could afford her by doing irksome chores, he went to Avork in the factory when but nine years of age, receiving for a day's work, from quarter of five in the morning until half past seven in the evening, t!presented district No. 8 in the state senate in 1859 and 18G(I. In 1858 and 1854 he held the responsible office of state treasurer. 76 GENERAL WALTER HARRIMAN. Appointed in 1856, by tlie President of the United States, on a board of commis- sioners (with ex-Congressman James H. Relfe of Missouri, and Col. Wm. Spencer of Obio), to classify and appraise Indian lands in Kansas, be spent a year of offi- cial service in tbat inviting territory, tben turbulent with ruffianism. (Border raids, burnings, and murder were daily occurrences. But the duties of this office were faithfully attended to, and no breath of complaint was ever heard against the delicate work of this board. During the reign of that un-American political heresy, popularly called Know-Nothingism, in 1854, 1855, and 1856, Mr. Harriman was its firm and unyielding enemy. In a discussion of this question with Hon. Cyrus Barton at Loudon Center, Mr. Harriman had closed his first speech, and Mr. Barton had just begun a reply, when he dropped dead on the platform, — a tragedy which lingers sadly in the memory of his friendly antagonist of that day. The outbreak of the civil war began an era in the life of every public man in the nation. It projected issues which made party allegiance a secondary affair. It sent many honest and earnest men across the party lines, while some of our best citizens simply took their stand for the time being outside all political folds, independent, and ready for whatever calls the exigencies of the country might give forth. In that fateful spring of 1861, Mr. Harriman became the editor and one of the proprietors of the WeeJdy Union at Manchester, which heartily espoused the war policy of Mr. Lincoln's administration for the preservation of the republic, and thus found himself the leader and spokesman of what were known as the " War Democrats." He was placed in nomination as a candidate for governor of the state, at a large mass convention of this class of voters, held at Manchester in February, 1863, and this movement resulted in defeating a choice by the people and throwing the election into the legislature. No man uttered braver or more eloquent words for the L^nion cause than Mr. Harriman, and his tongue and pen were an important element in the rousing of the citizens of New Hampshire to the graver duties of the hour. In August, 1862, he was made colonel of the Eleventh New Hampshire regiment of volun- teers. He led this regiment to the field, and was at its head most of the time until the close of the war, except the four months, from May to September, 1864, when he was an inmate of Confederate prisons. With some other captured Union officers, he was, for seven weeks of this time, imprisoned in that part of Charleston, S. C, which was most exposed to the fire of the Union guns from Morris island, but providentially, though that part of the doomed city was destroyed, no harm came to him from the guns of his fellow-loyalists. The first set battle in which the Eleventh Regiment bore a part was that of Fredericksburg, in December, 1862, when, with unflinching courage, Col. Harriman and his men faced the dreadful carnage of that long day before Marye's Height, less than three months after their arrival in the field. The loss of the regiment in this engagement was terrific. Passing over much (for want of space) that is thrilling and praiseworthy, we find the Eleventh under their colonel, at the front, in the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, when they made a daring and stubborn onset on the Confederate intrenchments, carrying before them two successive lines of the enemy's works. But among the five thousand Union men that were captured in that bloody engagement, the commander of the Eleventh N. H. was included. Col. Harriman and the survivors of his charge were present at the final grapple of the war before Petersburg, and on the 3d day of April, 1865, he led a brigade of nine large regiments (a force three times as great as the whole American army at Bunker Hill ) into that fated city, on the heels of Lee's fleeing command. The war was now virtually ended, the surrender of Lee at Appomattox followed six days afterwards, and the Eleventh Eegiment, of GENEKAL WALTER HARRIMAN. 77 proud and honorable record, was mustered out of service in the following June. Their commander was appointed Brigadier-General U. S. V., by brevet, " for gal- lant conduct during the war," to date from March 13, 1865. On his arrival home, at the close of the war. Gen. Harriman was elected to the office of secretarj^ of state, by the legislature then in session, and he at once entered upon the duties of the office, which he held two years, and until his pro- motion to the gubernatorial chair. In the large Republican convention, consisting of six hundred and seventy-five delegates, and held at Concord in January, 1867, he was nominated, on the fiist ballot, as candidate for governor of the state. One of the most salient and memorable incidents connected with this period was the joint canvass made, by amicable arrangement, between Gen. Harriman and the Hon. John G. Sinclair, the Democratic candidate. Such canvasses are not un- common in the West and South ; but in New England, and with two men of such forensic ability as these distinguished nominees possessed, it was an event fraught with great popular interest, and which drew forth, possibly, the most earnest and eloquent discussions of questions to which a New England people has ever listened. Many flattering notices were given of these discussions. There were thirteen in all. Commenting on one of the number, a leading newspaper said of Gen. Harriman: "Soaring above all petty personal allusions, he held the audience as if spell-bound, and made all his hearers, for the time being, lovers of the whole country, — of the Union, of liberty, and independence throughout the world. He spoke not as a politician, but as a patriot, a .statesman, a philanthropist, and his noble senti- ments had such power of conviction that it was impossible to ward off the results by argument." His election followed by a decisive majority. The campaign of 1868 occurred at a time when a strong reaction was setting against the Republican party throughout the country. Fresh candidates for the presidency were about to be nominated ; the impeachment of Andrew Johnson was in progress ; military rule had been established in the Soiath ; utter financial ruin was hotly foretold ; and the dominant party was suffering crushing reverses in many of the leading states. To add to the discouragements of this party in New Hampshire, when the municipal elections came on in December, Portsmouth and Manchester rolled up adverse majorities, and the tide was tending strongly in one direction. Encouraged by such promising signs, the Democratic party held its state convention at the early day of the 14th of November. Their old and tried war-horse, John G. Sinclair, was again put upon the track, and his election was, by that party, deemed a foregone conclusion. A long and fierce contest ensued. Gov. Harriman met his fellow-citizens, face to face, in every section of the state. He addressed immense meetings, holding one every secular day for six weeks, and failing to meet no appointment on account of weariness, storms, or any other cause. He was triumphantly re-elected, obtaining a larger vote than any candidate for office had ever before received in New Hampshire. Of Gov. Harriman's administration of the affairs of the state, in its principal features, with the exacting duties and the keen prudence required of the chief executive in those days of large indebtedness, unbalanced accounts, and new legis- lation to meet the new and unprecedented demands, his constituents seem to have been hearty and unanimous in their approval. Their feelings may be summed up and expressed in the words of the Boston Journal, when it said : " The ad- ministration of Gov. Harriman will take rank among the best that New Hampshire has ever had." General Harriman was appointed naval officer of the port of Boston, by Presi- dent Grant, in April, 1869, which office he accepted after the expiration of his gubernatorial term in June following. He was re-appointed in 1873, for a term of four years. The affiiirs of this office were conducted in such a manner as to preclude any word of criticism. 78 GENERAL WALTER HARRIMAN. Gen. Harriman lias engaged in political canvasses repeatedly in most of the northern states, and in 1872 he participated extensively in the state campaign in North Carolina. In this latter canvass, the key-note of the national campaign was pitched, and the result of the desperate contest there in August made the re-election of Gren. Grant in November a certainty. Thousands have warmly testified to the rare oratorical powers of the subject of this sketch, the Meriden (Conn.) Recorder being one of the number. That paper says of him : " As a platform speaker, we never heard his equal. His delivery is fine, his logic clear as crystal, his manner easy and natural, and his physical force tremendous. With a voice clear and distinct as a trumpet, of im- mense compass, volume, and power, his influence over an audience is complete. He afi'ects nothing, but proceeds at once to the work in hand, and from the very outset carries his hearers with him, rising, at times, with the inspiration of his theme, to the loftiest flights of eloquence." Gov. Harriman has been twice married; first, in 1841, to Miss Apphia K., daughter of Capt. Stephen Hoyt, of Warner, who died two years afterwards; and again in 1844, to his present wife. Miss Almira R. Andrews. By the latter marriage he has had three children. Georgia, the only daughter, is the wife of Joseph R. Leeson, an enterprising imjDorter of Boston. Walter Channing, the oldest son, married Miss Mabel Perkins, of Portsmonth. He is a promising and successful lawyer, living at Exeter, and solicitor of Rockingham county. The younger son, Benjamin E. having prepared himself for the medical profession at some of the best schools in the land, took his degree at Dartmouth College in 1877, and began practice in Manchester. But his health soon failing, after patient and determined eff'orts for its recovery, and after attempting in another place to resume his professional work, he died at his father's home in Concord, in May, 1880, lamented, not only by his own family, but by a large circle of devoted and enthusiastic friends. His wife, so early bereaved, was Miss Jessie B., only daughter of the late Col. Isaac W. Farmer, of Manchester. A biographical paper read before the N. H. Medical Society, by Dr. A. H. Crosby (a physician of wide reputation), and printed, portrays the character of Dr. Harriman in 'gen- erous outline, and fine and tender tinting, and from it we know that he was a young man of high integrity, large capacities for friendship, and superior equip- ment for his life-work. There are two grandsons to represent the family, one in the home of each of the governor's surviving children. The home of Gov. Harriman in Concord, where he has now lived since 1872, is a delightful one, and no one enjoys it with more satisfaction than he himself. A great traveler, by the necessities of his public career, he has a mastering fondness for quiet domestic life, and never are his rich stores of experience, his knowledge of men, and his fine sense of humor with its exhaustless fund of material, more ready at his command than of an evening in his own house. He writes for various of the standard publications of New England, and no time hangs weari- some on his mind. He wears the honorary degree of A. M., conferred by Dart- mouth College in 1867. A good citizen and neighbor, a delightful companion, free and familiar and sympathetic with all persons, his intellectual power now at high noon, and never better able to serve his time than now, it would seem that many years of useful activity are before him ere the restful evening descends. ^- tv- Geo E.ParmB.l'-^"'''^ HON. SAMUEL METCALF WHEELER. Hon. Samuel Metcalf Wheeler was born in Newport, N. H., May 11, 1828. He was the only son — liaving one sister — of Albira and Melinda (Metcalf) Wheeler, who came of families of remarkably vigorous constitution and decided longevity; and from his ancestry, doubtless, Mr. Wheeler inherits the intellectual and physical ability which has made him so careful in breadth of study, and so successful as a legal adviser at the bar and in legislative debate and action. Mr. Wheeler's early education was obtained in the seminary at Claremont. N. H., the military academy at Windsor, Yt., at Newbury Seminary, Vt., and in private instruction in the languages. In 1844 he entered upon the study of law in the office of Walker & Slade. at Royalton, Vt. ; seven months later he entered that of Tracy & Converse at Woodstock, Vt., where he remained two years and a half; and for some months afterwards he read law with Hon. Ralph Metcalf, an ex-governor of New Hamp- shire, from whoso office he was admitted to the bar in 1847. He commenced practice in Newport, where he remained about a j^car. The next four or five years he practiced in Fisherville, and in 1853 he removed to Dover, where he at once entered upon a large and successful practice, and where he still remains. At first he was in business connection with John H. Wiggin, Esq., which lasted for two years. Subsequently, in 1858, he associated with himself Hon. Joshua Or. Hall, then commencing practice, and the law firm of "Wheeler & Hall " contin- ued for eight years. Since that time, Mr. Wheeler, while having the assistance made necessary by his practice, has remained withoiit a partner. As a lawyer, Mr. Wheeler has long been recognized as a leader. His natural abilities, strengthened and brightened by patient study, which has made him familiar with the law and precedents, and his learning, supplemented by the power to see all the features of a case and a conscientious devotion to the interest of his client, make him a safe adviser. His particular success, however, has undoubtedly been in the trial of jury causes, where his extensive study, quickness of perception, tact, and forensic ability, and a habit of thought which grasps par- ticulars into a whole, tending to one strong impression upon listeners, have been the elements which have made him very strong. Mr. Wheeler was fmm the first one of the pillars of Republican strength in Strafford county ; and when the party in Dover has needed some one to represent it with conspicuous ability it has very often called upon him. Pie represented that city in the legislature in 1864,1865, 1868, 1869, and 1870, and in 1876 was a member of the constitutional convention of New Hampshire. In the house, he was on the judiciary committee in 1864, and its chairman in 1865, also chairman of the finance committee in 1868 ; and in the constitutional conven- tion was chairman of one of the four only leading committees, viz., that on the bill of rights. In 1869 he was chosen speaker of the house, receiving nearly all the votes of his party in caucus, and much beyond his party vote in the house. He 80 HON. SAMUEL METCALF WHEELER. was recliosen in 1870, again receiving more than the vote of his party. As a member of the house, he was always recognized as a leader whose counsel it was safe to follow and whose opposition was generally fatal ; and, as speaker, he was distinguished for his dignity, courtesy, and knowledge of par- liamentary law. He was several times the leading Republican candidate for cono-ress in the first district, and the peculiar methods by which other men were put into the place which the people demanded he should fill have disgraced and weakened the party in that section ever since. In the year 1866, Mr. Wheeler received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from Dartmouth College. He was president of the Dover National Bank from 1858 to 1874. Mr. Wheeler married, December 31, 18.48, PriscillaE., daughter of Joseph W. and Phebe (Wheeler) Clement, of Franklin, N. H. They have but one child, — Helen Maud,— born March 27, 1858.- Mr. Wheeler is still in the prime of successful practice in Dover. S/^' C^:^Cc^i^ (^^//^clIj^ 82 HON^. EDWARD SPALDING, M. D. attended three courses of lectures in the Harvard Medical School at Boston, and was graduated at that institution in the summer of 1837. Having spent a few months riding with his father, and observing his treatment of the sick, he decided to enter on what seemed a promising field for a physician at Nashua. Accepting an invitation from the elder Dr. Eldredge, he became a partner with him in practice. After this partnership was dissolved the business increased, and he gained for himself an extensive and valuable patronage. He enjoyed the con- fidence of a large circle of families, and his success as a physician had given him an enviable reputation. In the meantime he had been called to assume respon- sibilities of a fiduciary nature, involving such care and labor as seriously to inter- fere with his professional engagements. The transition to these new employ- ments was the natural se(pience of the excellent judgment and rare capacity for business which he manifested. The accuracy and promptitude with which his accounts were rendered to the probate, and the just consideration for the feelings and interests of all persons concerned in the settlement of the estates committed to his trust, brought such a pressure of occupation that he was compelled to relinquish his profession. He had now been in practice twenty-five years, and satisfactory as his services as a physician had been to the community, he was yet to perform an imperative and valuable service by his judicious management of important trusts and his earnest co-operation in the direction and enlargement of new enterprises. In addition to his engagements in the settlement of large estates, he became inter- ested in banking, manufacturing, and railroads, holding various ofiices of labor and responsibility in these institutions and corporations. He was for several years treasurer of the Nashua Savings Bank and subsequently its president. He was one of the original projectors of the " Pennichuck Water- Works," of which company he is president. A director in both of the large cotton manufac4;uring companies which have contributed so much to the prosperity of the city, he has also fulfilled similar duties in other corporations elsewhere. For a time a director, he has become the president, of the Indian Head National Bank. In municipal and town offices he has performed important duties, taking a lively interest in the progress of popular education. He has been a member of the school committee a large portion of the time that he has lived in Nashua, and is now chairman of the board of education. A member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, his encouragement and assistance are gratefully acknowledged by several gentlemen who have been engaged in the preparation and publication of genealogical and town histories. He has also been actively engaged in building up the city library, of which he has been a trustee from the beginning of the enterprise. Never seeking political preferment, and personally disinclined to the strife for political distinctions, he was elected mayor of the city in 1864, and served as delegate to the Baltimore convention in the same year. He was a member of the state convention for the revision of the constitution in 1876, and councilor for two years during the administration of his Excellency Governor Prescott, 1878 and i879. In 1866 he was elected a trustee of Dartmouth College, a position which he still retains, and in which he has contributed to the substantial prosperity of the institution by frequent, unobtrusive gifts, and the steady service of a loyal and judicious mind. He has also represented Dartmouth College as a trustee of the College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts during the whole period of its existence as a department of instruction. On the 23d of June, 1842, Dr. Spalding was united in marriage with Dora Everett, second daughter of Joseph and Mary Appleton Barrett, of New Ips- wich, a family associated favorably with the history of the town so widely known nON. EDWARD SPALDING, M. D. 83 by the character and achievements of its sons. By this marriage Dr. Spalding had three children, of whom two daughters are living ; the second child, a son, f^dward Atherton, died November 10, 18G3, aged eleven years and two months. With thi>j exception, the life of Dr. Spalding has been singularly exempt from afflictive changes. Happy in the circle of his kindred and the connections formed by marriage, his home has been a welcome resort to the youth of both families, while the older generation was tenderly cared for by the thoughtful and continued ministrations of this son and his com})anion. As might be inferred from what has been said of the general esteem in which Dr. Spalding is held, he has many personal friends among men of thoughtful and scholarly habits. Himself a student, and thoroughly awake to whatever affects the nation's welfare, he has been a careful reader of current history. He has marked the progress of the various moral and political questions that agitate the minds of the people and shape the legislation of the country, with deep concern that the issues might be favorable to the principles of truth and righteousness. A sincere believer in the teachings of our Divine Lord, he has recognized as a Christian the claims of the country, as well as the claims of the city where he dwells. A liberal and constant contributor to the institutions which are organ- ized to extend the knowledge of Christ throughout the world, he is known as the patron and advocate of missions at home and abroad. For many years he has been the president of the New Hampshire Bible Society. He has cheerfully borne his full proportion of the expenses incident to the maintenance of the local institutions of public worship and religious instruction in the church and society with which he is connected. When the meeting-house of the First Congrega- tional church was burned, he at once proposed to his friend, Mr. Isaac Spalding, that they two should each give ten thousand dollars towards the cost of rebuild- ing, — a proposition to which Mr. Spalding promptly assented, thus insuring the immediate erection of the commodious and pleasant edifice which that church now owns. With such a variety of offices and engrossing employments still demanding his attention, we should anticipate that the duties would become burdensome, and the skillful hand lose something of its cunning; but the Doctor is still vigorous and works easily. This continued capacity for labor is doubtless owing to the natural endowments of a man who has nurtured his forces by avoiding excesses on the one hand, and on the other by carefully husbanding his strength. He has not onJy arranged his business on system, but he has resolutely reserved to himself, annually, seasons of almost absolute rest. Retaining his early fond- ness for fishing, for a few weeks in every year he has resorted to the moun- tain streams and inland lakes of northern New England for his favorite recre- ation. In these excursions he has sought the head waters of most of our rivers, and become acquainted with the grand and beautiful scenery of the mountain region. He has learned the haunts and habits of all the fish to be found in our streams, and of the birds that frequent our forests. By this method has he renewed his yoiith, while, with others of congenial tastes, he has made his knowl- edge tributary to the public good, by joint efforts to restore the migratory fishes to the waters of the state, from which, by artificial obstructions, they have been shut out. The board of fish and game commissioners for New Hampshire, of which Dr. Spalding is chairman, is an outgrowth of this joint endeavor that promises to enlarge the piscatory resources of the state. With this record of the number and variety of trusts which are still in his hands, and the appointments that he must meet daily, and from week to week, it is evident that the Doctor is still capable of continuous labor. His grateful testi- mony addressed to his classmates is, " I have enjoyed almost uninterrupted health. 84 HON. EDWARD SPALDING, M. D. and a degree of happiness and prosperity far beyond the common lot." The sources of his good fortune are not to be sought in extraordinary gifts or peculiar helps. Beginning life with a sound mind and sound body, he has cherished both by regular habits and studious industry. By fidelity and painstaking in business, by generous and considerate treatment of others, by using his influence and prop- erty in befriending the needy and helping young men struggling with adverse circumstances, by cherishing the friendship of good men in all classes of society, and in daily recognition of his need of guidance and wisdom from God, — he has escaped the envy and conflicts which beset a selfish and ambitious career. Happy in his employments, and enjoying the good that followed his exertions, men have witnessed his advancement with pleasure and sought to do him honor. His life illustrates the value of those personal excellences which all may cultivate, and shows the readiness of mankind to recognize their worth. To such as are seeking to do right and serve their generation, the example is encouraging, and assures us that energy, integrity, and beneficence are not without rewards. *--- 's^^^-- -eJc- EnSd by AJi Ritchie i-^-Zty'UP ^^Ur^oi, CUn^^x-n^-C-O 'UXI^ HON. JAMES A. WESTON. BY H. H. METCALF. Much has been written in praise of Manchester, the foremost city of the state in size and importance, in the extent and variety of its manufacturing estabUshments and in the energy, activity, and public spirit of its citizens. It has been called, also, the " city of governors," and four of the nine living ex-chief-magistrates of the state have their residence within its borders ; while still another, residing in the immediate vicinity, is reckoned as substantially a Manchester man. Yet, after all, but one native of Manchester has ever held the office of governor of New Hampshire. What is far more remarkable is the fact, that of twenty men who have been chosen mayor of Manchester, one alone was born within its limits. He and Manchester's only native born governor are one and the same, — the subject of this sketch, — a man who, from the work he has accomplished, as well as from the distinction he has received at the hands of his fellow-citizens, has long been accorded a conspicuous position among the representative men of his city and state. James Adams Weston was born in Manchester, August 27, 1827. He is a descendant of the seventh generation from John Weston, of Buckingham- shire, England, who aided in establishing the colony at Weymouth (then Wis- casset), Mass., where he went into mercantile business, being among the first to engage in the colonial trade. Returning to England a few years subseciuently, he suddenly died there; but in 1644, John Weston, a young son of the deceased, made his way to America, where he joined some of his kindred who had emi- grated in the mean time. He finally settled in Reading, Mass., and was the pro- genitor of the family of which James A. Weston is a representative.* In 1803, Amos Weston, a descendant of John, removed from Reading, with his family, and settled in Manchester, then Derryfield. He was a farmer by occupation, and located in the southeastern part of the town. This Amos Weston was a man of character and influence, and was a member of the com- mittee, chosen in March, 1810, to petition the legislature to change the name of Derryfield to Manchester. A son of the above, Amos Weston, Jr., removed with his parents to Derryfield, and located upon land adjoining that of his father, clearing up from the wilderness the farm since well known in Manchester as the " Weston place." He married Betsy, a daughter of Col. Robert Wilson, of Londonderry, a leading citizen of the town, whose father, James Wilson, came from Londonderry, Ireland, more than one hundred and fifty years ago, and settled at the place now known as Wilson's Crossing. Amos Weston, Jr., was a man of strong mind and sound judgment, and was much in the public service. He officiated as town clerk five years ; as selectman, fifteen years, being eleven years chairman of the board ; was three times the representative from Manches- ter in the legislature; and a member of the constitutional convention of 1850. ♦Agenealogy of the Weston families in America, prepared under the direction and patronage of Gov. Weston, is nearly ready for publication. 86 HON. JAMES A. WESTON. From his union with Betsy Wilson — an estimable and exemplary woman — five children resulted. Of these, the youngest, James A. Weston, is the sole survivor. Like most sons of New Hampshire farmers, Mr. Weston passed a consid- erable portion of his time in youth in tilling the soil ; but secured a substantial education at the district school and the Manchester and Piscataquog academies. With a strong aptitude for mathematics, he soon determined to apply himself to the study of civil engineering, with a view to making that his avocation in life, teaching school winters in the meantime. So rapidly did he prepare himself for his chosen occupation that at the age of nineteen years he was appointed assis- tant civil engineer of the Concord Railroad, and immediately (in 1846) com- menced work in superintending the laying of the second track of that road. In 18-i9 he was promoted to the position of chief engineer, which he held for a long series of years. For several years, also, he discharged the duties of road master and master of transportation of the Concord and Manchester & Lawrence railroads. As chief engineer of the Concord & Portsmouth Railroad, he super- intended the construction of a considerable portion of the line, as he subse- quently did that of the Suncook Valley Railroad. As a civil engineer, he occupies a place in the front rank in his profession in New England ; and his services have been in demand far beyond his ability to respond, in making surveys for proposed railways, water-works, etc. Prominent among the public works with which he has been connected in this capacity, may be mentioned the Concord water-works, supplying the capital city with water from Penacook lake, for which he made the survey, and whose construction he superintended. In his political convictions and associations, Mr. Weston has been a Democrat from youth. Never a machine politician, or even a zealous partisan, though a devoted supporter of the principles and policy of his party, he has won and held the personal respect of both friends and opponents in political aifairs ; so that, when a candidate for public ofl&ce (which he has never been except at the urgent solicitation of those who regarded his candidacy essential to party success), he has never failed of strong popular support, measurably exceeding that of his party strength alone. In 1861 he was persuaded to accept the Democratic nomination for mayor of the city. Previous to this time Manchester had almost universally been regarded as a Repviblican or Whig city. The year previous to Mr. Weston's nomination the Republican candidate had been elected by nearly four hundred and fifty majority. He was defeated, however, by a majority of about two hundred and fifty ; while the following year he came within eighteen votes of defeating the opposing candidate, ex-Mayor Theodore T. Abbot, who received on a former occasion a larger vote than had ever been cast for any other candidate. Again, in 1867, Mr. Weston was pressed into service by his party associates in the city, as a mayoralty candidate against Hon. Joseph B. Clark, then mayor, and Republican candidate for re-election. This canvass resulted in his election by a majority of two hundred and seventy-two, and by a larger vote than had ever been received by any previous candidate except that for Mayor Abbot, in 1855. At the next election the Republicans made a strong and determined efi'ort to regain their ascendency in the city ; but, although they had carried the city for Gen. Grant for president, at the election but a few weeks previous, by about six hundred majority, the ward returns at the municipal election gave Mayor Weston a majority of seven votes over his Republican opponent, Hon. Isaac W. Smith. The " revising " process was resorted to, however, and the latter declared elected by twenty-three majority. In 1869, Mr. Weston defeated Mayor Smith by a good majority, and was re-elected the following year. Naturally enough, Mayor Weston's remarkable success as the standard-bearer of his party in the city of Manchester, and the increased popularity he had HON^. JAMES A. WESTON. 87 secured by wise and efficient tidministration of municipal affairs in that large and prosperous community, suggested him to the Democracy of the state at large as a most fit and available candidate for the gubernatorial nomination ; and at the ^ state convention, in January, 1871, he was made the nominee of the party ' for governor. The election "^resulted in no choice of governor by the people, though Mr. Weston received a decided plurality of the votes cast, and was chosen governor by the legislature in June following, — the Republicans thus losing control of the state government for the first time since their advent to power in 1855. Determined to retrieve their fallen fortunes, the Republican leaders, in 1872, brought to the front, as their standard-bearer and gubernatorial nominee, Hon. Ezekiel A. Straw, agent of the xlmoskeag Manufacturing Com- pany, a man of great resources and unparalleled influence in manufacturing circles, not only in Manchester, but throughout the state. His defeat of Gov. Weston in the following canvass was a matter of no surprise to either party ; and his re-election the subsequent year naturally resulted. The Democracy, however, insisted on continuing Mr. Weston as their candidate ; and in 1874 he secured a handsome plurality, and was again elected governor by the legislature. In December previous he had received the unusual distinction of a fourth election as mayor of his city, being chosen by a majority much larger than he had ever before received, reaching, some six hundred votes. Although there was great partisan excitement in the state during Mr. Weston's second administration, his official integrity and thorough devotion to the welfare of the state were con- ceded even by his most determined political opponents ; and no man holds in fuller measure the respect and esteem of the people, regardless of party, than does James A. Weston, the only living Democrat who ever occupied that position. In the prosperity of his native city, in every material direction, Mr. Weston has manifested a deep and abiding interest, and no man has labored more zeal- ously or efficiently for the promotion thereof. In illustration may be cited the fact that to his efforts, individual and official, more than those of any other man, the city is indebted for the projection and completion of its superior water-works, by which an ample supply of pure water is secured from Lake Massabesic. Various sources of supply had long been considered, but he had been, from the first, an advocate of the Massabesic project, and his influence had done much to secure its favorable consideration. In 1871, while mayor of the city, he had the satisfaction of seeing definite action determined upon in that direction. Having been actively engaged in securing the necessary legislation, and becoming ex officio a member of the board of commissioners established to carry out the work, he devoted his efforts heartily to its inauguration, and no day of his life, probably, ever brought him more sincere gratification than that which witnessed the completion of this important work, — a source of daily blessing to the people of his city, and of just pride to those under whose advice and direction it was projected and executed, among whom he is properly regarded most prominent. He is still a member of the board of water commissioners ; is chairman of the board of trustees of the Manchester cemetery fund, a member of the committee on cemeteries, and has long served as its clerk and treasurer. Gov. Weston served as chairman of the New Hampshire centennial commis- sion, was appointed by congress a member of the centennial board of finance, and his efforts contributed largely to the excellence of the New Hampshire exhibit and the general success of the exposition. He also served as chairman of the building committee of the Manchester soldiers' monument, and has recently been appointed a member of the state board of health, established under the act of the hist legislature. With all his public and professional work. Gov. Weston has been for several years actively and prominently connected with important business interests. He 88 HON. JAMBS A. WESTON. was for some time one of the trustees of the Amoskeag Savings Bank, and some three years since was chosen president of the City National Bank, which was changed to the Merchants National Bank in October, 1880, at whose head he still remains. He was also the prime mover in the organization of the Guaranty Savings Bank of Manchester, which commenced business in December, 1879, of which he is clerk and treasurer, as well as one of the trustees. This institu- tion, under his administration, has been almost unprecedentedly prosperous, and is one of the most solid financial establishments in the city and state. He is treasurer of the Suncook Valley Railroad, and a director and clerk of the Man- chester horse railroad, a corporation in whose establishment he was actively en- gaged. He has been chairman of the finance committee of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company from its organization until the present time ; vice-president also until the resignation of the presidency by Grov. Straw, in January, 1880, since when he has been president. This flourishing corporation — the only one of the kind in the state, whose capital stock is about to be increased to half a million dollars, and which already ranks with the most prosperous in the coun- try — owes its success, in no small degree, to Gov. Weston's sound judgment and careful management. When, in August, 1880, after protracted litigation, the supreme court appointed trustees for the bondholders of the Manchester & Keene Railroad, who assumed control of the road. Gov. Weston was selected as chairman of the board by which the road was has since been operated. In 1871, Gov. Weston received from Dartmouth College the honorary degree of Master of Arts. He has long been a member of the Masonic order, has taken all the degrees conferred in the Manchester bodies, and is now serving his eighteenth term as treasurer of Trinity Commandry, Knights Templar. For ten years past he has been a member of the well known military organization, the Amoskeag Veterans. His religious associations are with the Franklin-street Congregational church, of which society he has long been an active member and treasurer. His residence has been in his native city from his birth until the present time, with the exception of seven years at Concord, from 1849 to 1856. February 23, 1854, he married Anna S., daughter of Mitchel Gilmore, Esq., of Concord, a cultivated lady of strong domestic tastes, by whom he has an inter- esting family of five surviving children, — the eldest born, a son (Herman), having died at the age of four and a half years, — Grace Helen, born July 1, 1866 ; James Henry, July 17, 1868 ; Edwin Bell, March 15, 1871 ; Annie Mabel, September 26, 1876; Charles Albert, November 1, 1878. Their home, at the corner of Maple and Myrtle streets, is a spacious yet modest and tasty dwelling, the abode of domestic comfort and social enjoyment. Other men in New Hampshire have attained greater wealth and more varied public honors ; but when all the elements of substantial success are considered, there are none, certainly, who outrank the subject of this sketch. Cautious, sagacious, and methodical ; with a well balanced mind, and executive ability of a high order ; scrupulously exact in the performance of every duty and the dis- charge of every trust, public or private ; uniformly courteous in his intercourse with others, and mindful of every obligation to society and humanity, — the ample measure of success he has attained, and the general esteem in which he is held, are but the legitimate outcome of his life and conduct. HON. JOHN KIMBALL. BY J. N. MCCLINTOCK. A STRANGER in Concorcl is at first most impressed by its natural beauties, enhanced by the foresight of the fathers of the town. Nature and art are rarely combined. Beautiful shade trees are on every hand, as they are in many other of the favored cities of the Union. Concord is distinctively attractive in its perfection. The roads and streets are carei'ully graded ; the bridges are substan- tial and elegant structures ; the system of water supply, gas-works, and sewers, unseen, is excellent and complete ; the school-houses are appropriate and orna- mental ; the private and public buildings are well built and neatly maintained ; the fire department is exceptionally fine ; the property of the city is discretely acquired, and well cared for ; the policy of the city is at once progressive and liberal. To no one man can be given the credit of accomplishing all these satisfactory results ; they are the fruits of unity of purpose of the many, guided by a large, public-spirited policy dictated by a few. To no one, how^ever, is the city of Concord more indebted for its material advancement and internal improvement, during the first quarter century of its municipal existence, than to its esteemed citizen, Hon. John Kimball. The name is a household word in Concord. It conveys a meaning to the present generation jjeculiar to itself. It is the name of a man who, springing from the sturdy yeoman and artisan stock, — from the people, — has won his way, by tireless industry, unblemished integrity, sterling honesty, and sound good sense, to positions of responsibility and prominence. The Kimball family is one of the oldest in New England. It sprang from 1. Richard Kimball, who, with his wife, Ursula, and seven children, left their home in the mother country, braved the dangers of a stormy ocean, landed on the inhospitable shores of an unbroken wilderness, and commenced a new life, deprived of the comforts and luxuries of civilization, but blessed with polit- ical and religious liberty. He came from the old town of Ipswich, county of Sufi"olk, in the east of England, sailed on the ship " Elizabeth," and in the year 1(!34, at the age of thirty-nine, settled in Ipswich, in the Bay colony. The next year he was admitted a freeman, which must be accepted as evidence that he was a Puritan in good standing. He was the father of eleven children, and died June 22, 1G75. From this patriarchal family most of the Kimballs of New England can trace their descent. 2. Ilichard Kimball, son of Richard and Ursula (Scott) Kimball, was born in England, in 1623, and was brought to this country by his parents, in child- hood. He was a wheelwright by trade ; married Mary Gott ; was the father of eight children ; settled in Wenham, Mass., as early as 1656, and died there May 20, 1676. The mother of his children died September 2, 1672. 3. Caleb Kimball, son of Richard and Mary (Gott) Kimball, was born in Wenham, April 9, 1665. He was a ma«on by trade; was the father of eight 7 90 HON. JOHN KIMBALL. children ; settled for a time at Exeter, N. H., and died in Wenham, January 25, 1725. His widow died in Wenliam, January 20, 1731. 4. John Kimball, son of Caleb and Sarah Kimball, was born in Wenham, Mass., December 20, 1699. He settled on the land purchased by his father in Exeter, N. H., and married Abigail Lyford, February 14, 1722. She was the mother of six children, and died in Exeter, February 12, 1737. He after- wards married Sarah Wilson, of Exeter, September 18, 1740. They were the parents of nine children. The fifteen children of John Kimball were all born in Exeter. 5. Joseph Kimball, son of John and Abigail (Lyford) Kimball, was born in Exeter, January 29, 1730. In early life he married, and was the father of two children, but was left a childless wadower in a few years. He afterwards mar- ried Sarah Smith. They were the parents of nine children. In 1793 he removed to Canterbury, and settled on a farm just north of Shaker Village. In early life he was stricken with blindness, and never looked upon the town of Canterbury, and never saw six of his children. He died November 6, 1814. His wife died March 1, 1808. 6. John Kimball, son of Joseph and Sarah (Smith) Kimball, was born in Exeter, November 20, 1767 ; married Sarah, daughter of Benjamin Moulton, of Kensington, November 21, 1793; moved to Canterbury, February 17, 1794, and settled on their homestead near Shaker Village, where they resided nearly sixty years. They were the parents of nine children. His wife died April 30, 1853. He died February 26, 1861, reaching the good old age of more than ninety-three years. He was well known throughout central New Hampshire, and did a large business in buying wool. 7. Benjamin Kimball, son of John and Sarah (Moulton) Kimball, was born in Canterbury, December 27, 1794; married Ruth Ames, daughter of David Ames, February 1, 1820, and settled in Boscawen in the spring of 1824, on the farm known as the Frost place, High street. In 1830 he removed to the village of Fishcrville, wdiere he died July 21, 1834. He was an active and influential business man. In 1831 he erected the dam acro.ss the Contoocook river, and the brick grist-mills standing near the stone factory. He took an active part in all that was essential to the general and religious welfare of the town. In March preceding his death he was elected to represent the town in the legislature, but his health was so impaired that he was not able to take his seat. 8. John Kimball, the subject of this sketch, the son of Benjamin and Ruth (Ames) Kimball, was born in Canterbury, April 13, 1821. In infancy he was taken by his parents to Boscawen, where in early youth he had the educational advantages which the district schools of the town afforded. He enjoyed the privilege of attending the Concord Academy only one year, after which he was apprenticed with a relative to learn the trade of constructing mills and machinery. On attaining his majority, in 1842, his first work was to rebuild the grist-mill near Boscawen Plain. Afterward he followed the same business in Suncook, Manchester, Lowell, and Lawrence. In 1848 he was employed by the directors of the Concord Railroad to take charge of the new machine and car shops then building at Concord. He was appointed master mechanic of the Concord Rail- road in 1850, and retained the position eight years, when he relinquished mechan- ical labor for other pursuits. As a mechanic, Mr. Kimball inherited a great natural aptitude, and has few superiors. His sound judgment and skill were in constant requisition in the responsible office in the railroad service he held for so many years; and the experience and training there acquired have been of great value to the city and state when his services have been demanded by his fellow-citizens. HON. JOHN KIMBALL. 91 In 1856, Mr. Kimball was elected to the common council of tlie city of Concord. In 1857 ho was re-elected, and was chosen president of that body. In 1858 he was elected a member of the state legislature; and was re-elected in 1859, serving as chairman of the committee on state-prison. From the year 1859 to the year 1802, Mr. Kimball served the city of Concord as collector of taxes and city marshal. In 1862 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, collec- tor of internal revenue for the second district of New Hampshire, including the counties of Merrimack and Hillsborough, and held the office for seven years, collecting and paying over to the treasurer of the United States nearly seven millions of dollars. In 1872, Mr. Kimball was elected mayor of Concord, and was re-elected to this honorable and responsible office in 1873, 1874, and 1875. Immediately after Mr. Kimball assumed the duties of this office a severe freshet either carried away or rendered impassable five of the seven bridges spanning the Merrimack and Contoocook rivers. The work of rebuilding these structures devolved imme- diately upon him, as superintendent of roads and bridges. The Federal bridge and the bridge at Fisherville, both of iron, are monuments of his progressive ideas. During his administration the system of water supply from Long pond was carried on to successful completion, and the purest of water has since been at the command of every citizen. This work required a large sum of money, which was so carefully expended that no one has felt the burden save as a bless- ing. The fire department was invested with new dignity by the city government during those ye^rs. The firemen had their demands for appropriate buildings fully satisfied, and are proud, as is the whole city, of the beautiful central fire station and other buildings of the department, which compare favorably with any in the country. Aside from his mechanical skill, Mr. Kimball long since won the enviable reputation of an able and successful financier. In 1870, upon the organization of the INIerrimack County Savings Bank, he was elected its treasurer, and has held the office ever since. To him, for many years, have been intrusted the settle- ment of estates, the management of trust funds, and the care of the property of widows and orphans. As treasurer of the New Hampshire Bible Society and Orphans' Home, he has given to those institutions the benefit of his financial experience. For the benefit of the city of Concord, the mechanical skill and financial ability of Mr. Kimball were fully exercised. During his term of office as mayor he was one of the water commissioners, ex officio^ and president of the board in 1875. He was subsequently appointed a water commissioner, in 1877, for a term of three years; re-appointed in 1880, and has been president of the board since his first appointment. Upon the death of Hon. Nathaniel White, Mr. Kimball was elected president of the Concord Gas-Light Company, having held the office of director for several years. What little credit is due a member of the constitutional convention of 1876 is his. He represented the fifth ward in Concord, and served the convention acceptably as chairman of its finance committee. The demand for a new state-prison, in union with the philanthropic ideas of the age, culminated, in the year 1877, in an act of the legislature providing for a new state-prison, and granting for the purpose a very moderate appropriation, hedged in by every possible safeguard. The governor, Benjamin F. Prescott, with the advice of his council, immediately upon the passage of the law appointed three commissioners to carry into effect the provisions of the act. Mr. Kimball was chosen chairman of the board. Upon these commissioners has devolved the duty of constructing the massive pile of buildings known as the new state-prison, 92 HON". JOHN KIMBALL. commodious for the officers, humane and comfortable for the inmates, acceptable to the authorities and the people, and within the limits of the appropriation. In the autumn of 1880 the structure was appropriately dedicated to its future uses, by fitting ceremony. Col. John H. George, of Concord, delivered the address, and in closing said : — " It is a matter of further and warm congratulation that its erection has been intrusted to a competent commission ; that good judgment and intelligent inves- tigation have characterized the plan ; that no corrupt jobbery has polluted its construction ; and that for every dollar expended a fair and honest result has been obtained. And in this connection it is but just to say that the fitness and labors of the chairman of the board especially should receive public recognition. To the successful performance of the duties of his office he brought unusual mechanical skill and large experience in the construction of public works." In 1880, when the Manchester & Keene Railroad was placed in the hands of the court, Mr. Ivimball was appointed, by Chief-Justice Doe, one of the trustees. In November, 1880, Mr. Kimball was chosen a senator from district number ten, and upon the organization of the legislature in June, 1881, he was elected to the office of president of the senate, in importance the second office in the state. As presiding officer, he is dignified, courteous, and impartial. He carried *to the position a fund of information, a wealth of experience, controlled by sound judg- ment, and strong convictions. Politically, Mr. Kimball is a Republican. For fifteen years, since 1863, he has been treasurer of the Republican state committee. With him right takes precedence of policy. It takes no finesse to know on what side he is to be found. In his dealings he is upright, has confidence in himself and in his own judgment, and it is hard to swerve him. He is frank and free in his general intercourse, bluff and often brusque in manner, but never discourteous. He is a man of large and progressive views, and actuated by the most conscientious motives. His character for integrity is without blemish, and as firmly estab- lished as the granite hills. In 1843 he joined the church at his old home in Boscawen, and ever since has affiliated with the Congregationalists. For many years he has been a mem- ber of the South Congregational church of Concord. He is eminently a man of affairs, — of acts, not words. His reading is of a scientific character, varied by genealogical and historical research. In person, Mr. Kimball is of commanding presence and muscular figure, inclined to be spare, but of apparently great physical powers. In private life he is a devoted friend, a kind neighbor, an esteemed citizen, and a charitable, toler- ant, self-reliant man. In early manhood. May 27, 184(5, Mr. Kimball was joined in marriage to Maria H. Phillips, of Rupert, Vermont. Their only child, Clara Maria Kimball, born March 20, 1848, was married June 4, 1873, to Augustine R. Ayers, a suc- cessful merchant of Concord. Five children — Ruth Ames, John Kimball, Helen McGregor, Joseph Sherburne,* and Josiah Phillips — have been born to them. *Deceased. JONATHAN EVERETT SARGENT, LLD. BY J. N. MCCLINTOCK. Judge Sargent, now of Concord, has been well known throughout the state for more than a quarter of a century. Besides an extensive legislative acquaintance, he has, as judge of the different courts and as chief-justice of the state, held terms of court in every shire town and half-shire town in every county in the state. He has been emphatically the architect of his own fortune, and by his energy and perseverance has reached the highest post of honor in his profes- sion in his native state. He is genial and social with his friends; he loves a joke, and belongs to that small class of men "who never grow old." He loves his home, his family, and his books. No man enjoys the study of history and of poetry, of philosojthy and of fiction, better than he, while law and theology come in for a share of attention, — a kind neighbor, a respected citizen, a ripe scholar, a wise legislator, an upright judge, an honest man. In the year 1781, Peter Sargent, the grandftither of the subject of this sketch, moved from Hopkinton, N. H., to New London, at that time equally well known as Heidleburg. This locality had been known by this latter name for nearly a quarter of a century. It was granted by the Masonian proprietors, July 7, 1773, to Jonas Minot and others, as the "Addition of Alexandria." It was first settled in 1775, and was incorporated as a town by the legislature, June 25, 1779. Peter Sargent, who thus moved into the town two years after its incorporation, was one often brothers, all born in Amesbury, Mass., who settled as follows: Amasa, Jlzekiel, Thomas, and Moses always lived at Amesbury; James settled in Methueu, Mass. ; Peter, Nathan, and Stephen came to Hopkinton, N. H., and settled there ; and Abner and Ebenezer came to Warner, N. H., and settled there. These ten brothers, with four sisters, were the children of Deacon Stephen Sargent, of Amesbury, Mass. [Christopher Sargent, an older brother of Deacon Stephen, graduated at Har- vard, entered the ministry, and was the first settled minister of Methuen, Mass. His eldest son, Nathaniel Peaslee Sargent, graduated at Harvard, practiced law at Haverhill, and was for many years a judge of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts, and was chief justice of the state in 1790 and 1791, when he died aged sixty.] Deacon Stephen Sargent was the son of Thomas, 2d, who was the son of Thomas, 1st, who was the son of William Sargent. Stephen married Judith Ordway, of West Newbury, Mass., September 26, 1730; was chosen deacon of the Second Congregational church in Amesbury, May 10, 1757 ; and died October 2, 1773." William Sargent was born in England aliout 1602, and was the son of Richard Sargent, an officer in the royal navy. It is believed he came to A^irginia at an early day, with William Barnes, John Hoyt, and others. He married Judith Perkins for his first wife, who died about 1633, when he, with several daughters. 94 JONATHAN EVEUETT SARGENT, LL. D. was one of the twelve men who commenced the settlement of Ipswich, Mass., that year. He soon after went to Newbury and helped form a settlement there ; and about 1G88 he, with several others, commenced a settlement at Hampton. He soon after, about 1G40, removed to Salisbury, and was one of the eighteen original proprietors, or commoners, who settled in New Salisbury, since known as Amesbury. His second wife's name was Elizabeth, by whom he had two sons, Thomas and William. He had several lots of land assigned him at different times; was one of the selectmen of the town in 1G67. He died in 1675, aged seventy-three. Peter Sargent married Ruth Nichols, of Amesbury or Newbury, Mass., and came to Hopkinton, N. H., in 1763 or 1764, where they lived some eighteen years, and raised a large family, and when he went to New London took them all with him. His children were Anthony, Abigail, Ruth, Judith, Peter, Ebenezer, Aniasa, John, Molly, Ezekiel, Stephen, William, and Lois. These all came from Hopkinton to New London in 1781, except Lois, who was born subsequently in New London. Ebenezer, the father of the judge, was born in Hopkinton, April. 3, 1768, and was, of course, thirteen years old when he came to New London with his father's family. After becoming of age he procured him a farm, and, on the 25th of November, 1792, he married Prudence Chase, of Wendell (now Sun- apee), the daughter of John and Ruth (Hills) Chase. They had ten children, as follows : Anna, Rebekah, Ruth, Setli Freeman, Aaron Lealand, Sylvanus Thayer, Lois, Laura, Jonathan Kittredge, and Jonathan Everett. Jonathan Kittredge died young, the other nine lived to mature age, and five of them, three sons and two daughters, still survive. The parents always lived upon a farm, securing what was then considered as a competence, and both died in New London, having lived together more than sixty-five years. The following, then, is the order of descent : — 1. Richard Sai'gent, of England. 2. William, son of Richard, born in 1602. 3. Thomas, son of William, born in April, 1 643. 4. Thomas, Jr., son of Thomas, born in November, 1676. 5. Stephen, son of Thomas, Jr., born in September, 1710. 6. Peter, son of Stephen, born about 1740. 7. Ebenezer, son of Peter, born in April, 1768. 8. Jonathan Everett Sargent was born at New London, October 23, 1816. He lived at home, working upon the farm until he was seventeen years of age, and, being the youngest child, his father had arranged for him to live at home and take care of his parents, and have the farm at their decease. The son, however, had little love for the farm, and, as soon as the care and support of his parents could be provided for in another way, he arranged with his father that he was to have the remaining four years of his time till twenty-one, was to clothe himself, and pay his own bills, and call for nothing more from his father. He fitted for college at Hopkinton Academy, and at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, and in 1836 entered Dartmouth College, having paid his way by teaching school winters and laboring in vacations. By teaching school every winter and two fall terms in Canaan Academy during his college course, he earned enough to pay all his expenses in college with the exception of $200, which he borrowed of his father, and repaid the same, with interest, within two years. Though out of C(»llege two terms, besides winters in teaching, and another term on a(;count of sickness, yet he was always ready at each examination to be examined with his class. He was elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and graduated, in 1840, amonjj; the first in his class. JONATHAN EVERETT SAKGENT, LL. D. 95 Mr. Sargent luid long before this made up his mind to turn his attention to the law as a ])rofession, and he accordingly began the study of the law at once with Hon. William P. Weeks, of Canaan, and remained with him till the spring of 1841, when he was advised by his physician to go South for his health. He went first to Washington, soon after to Alexandria, D. C, where he taught a high school, then to Maryland, where he remained a year in a family school, when, having regained his health, he returned to New Hampshire in September, 1842. He laad , upon his arrival in Washington, entered his name as a law stu- dent in the office of Hon. David A. Hall of that city, and continued the study of the law under his direction, while engaged in teaching, and he was admitted to the bar in the courts of the District of Columbia in April. 1842, only about twenty months after leaving college. By the rule of that court any one might be admitted upon examination, without regard to the length of time he had studied ; and he was examined in open court by Chief- Justice Cranch and his associates upon the bench, and was admitted. After returning home, he continued his legal studies M'ith Mr. Weeks until the Jiily law term, in Sullivan county, in 1843, when he was admitted to the bar in the superior court of judicature in this state. He then went into company with Mr. Weeks at Canaan, where he remained till 1847, when he removed to Wentworth and opened an office there. He had been appointed solicitor for Grafton county in November, 1844, while at Canaan, and he at once commenced a lucrative business at Wentworth; was re-appointed solicitor in 1849 for five years more, thus holding the office for ten years, to 1854, performing the duties to the entire acceptance of the county and tlie people. He declined a re-appointment. In 1851 lie was first elected a member of the legislature from Wentworth, and served as chairman of the committee on incorporations. The next year he was re-elected, and was made chairman of the judiciary committee; and in 1853 he was again a member, and was nominated with great unanimity and elected speaker of the house of representatives. He served with ability and impartiality and to the general acceptance of the members. The next winter a new man was to be selected as a candidate for senator in his district, and he was nominated, and was elected in March, in a close district, by about three hundred majority. He was elected president of the senate in 1854. He was renominated in the spring of 1855, but the Know-Nothing movement that year carried everything before it, and he was defeated, with nearly all the other Democratic nominees in the state. On April 2, 1855, he was appointed a circuit justice of the court of com- mon pleas for the state. But in June of that year the old courts were abol- ished, mainly upon political grounds, and new ones organized, and new judges appointed. Judge Sargent received a request from Gov. Metcalf that he would accept the second place on the bench of the new court of common pleas. This offer had not been expected, but upon consultation with friends it was accepted, and Judge Sargent was appointed an associate justice of the court of common pleas. He acted as judge of the new court of common pleas for four years, until 1859, when, by a statute of that year, that court was abolished, and one new judge was to be added to the supreme judicial court, making the number of supreme judges six instead of five, as before. Judge Sargent was immediately a})pointcd to that place on the supreme bench. He was then the youngest mem- ber of the court in age, as well as in the date of his commission. He remained upon the bench of that court just fifteen yeai-s, from 1859 to 1874. In March, 1873, upon the death of Chief- Justice Bellows, Judge Sargent was appointed chief-justice of the state, which place he held until August, 1874, when the court was again overturned to make room for the appointees of the prevailing political party. Chief-Justice Sargent, at the time of his appointment as chief- 96 JO]SrATHAN EVERETT SARGENT, LL. D. justice, had become the oldest judge upon the bench, both in age and date of commission. His written opinions are contained in the sixteen volumes of the New Hampshire E.e})orts. from the 39th to the 54th, inclusive, numbering about three hundred in all. Many of these are leading opinions upon various subjects, and show great learning and research. After the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and the attempt to make Kansas a slave state, Judge Sargent acted with the Republican party. Upon leaving the bench, in August, 1874, he was solicited to go into the practice of the law in Concord with William M. Chase, Esq., whose late partner, the Hon. Anson S. Marshall, had recently been suddenly removed by death. Judge Sargent accepted this offer, and thus at once stepped into an extensive and lucrative practice. This arrangement was made for five years. In 1876 he was elected a member of the constitutional convention of this state. In this convention he acted a prominent part. He was made chairman of the judiciary committee, the same place held by Judge Levi Woodbury in the convention of 1850. He took an active part in the debates and discussions of that body, and wielded an influence probably second to no one in the convention. He was also elected, by his ward in Concord, a member of the house of repre- sentatives for the years 1877 and 1878. Early in 1877 steps were taken for a revision of the statutes, and Judge Sargent was appointed chairman of a committee, with Hon. L. W. Barton of Newport, and Judge J. S. Wiggin of Exeter, to revise and codify the statutes of the state. Their work was completed and the statutes enacted by the legis- lature, to take efi"ect the first of January, 1879. The volume was prepared and printed by the committee before the day appointed. It is the largest volume of statutes ever printed in the state, and it is believed not to be inferior to any other in any important particular. In the fall of 1878, Judge Sargent was invited by a committee of the citizens of New London to prepare a centennial address, to be delivered on the one hun- dredth anniversary of the incorporation of the town. He at once accepted the invitation and set about the work, and on the 25th day of June, 1879, he deliv- ered his address, and the occasion was distinguished by a larger collection of people, probably, than ever met in the town upon any former occasion. The address was published in the Granite Montldij, in the numbers for July, August, and September, 1879, and has been favorably noticed as a work of great labor and research. Dartmouth College conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts, in course, three years after gradvuition ; also, the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws, at its centennial commencement, in 1869. In compliance with a request from a com- mittee of the trustees, he prepared and delivered at the commencement of 1880 at Dartmouth College a memorial address upon the late Hon. Joel Parker, for- merly chief-justice of this state and afterwards professor of law in Harvard Col- lege. This duty Judge Sargent performed in a manner creditable to himself and satisfactory to the friends of the late Judge Parker. His address has been printed with other similar addresses in memory of other deceased judges, graduates of Dartmouth, by other distinguished sons of the college. In 1864 he was elected grand master of the Grand Lodge of Free and Ac- cepted Masons for the state of New Hampshire, and was re-elected the next year. After this he declined a re-election. He has for many years been an active member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, and for the last five or six years has been one of its vice-presidents. For some years past he has been connected with the National State Capital Bank as one of its directors. The Loan and Trust Savings Bank at Concord commenced business August 1, 1872, JOISTATHAlSr EVERETT SARGENT, LL. D. 97 and in the nine years since then its deposits have increased to over a million and a quarter of dollars. Judge Sargent has been ])resident of this bank, and one of its investment committee since its commoncemeTit, and has given his per- sonal attention to its affairs. In 1ST6 the New Hampshire Centennial Home for the Aged was organized and incorporated, and January 1, 1879, a home was opened in Concord. Judge Sargent has been president of this institution four years, and has taken a deep interest in its pros])erity and success. About the 1st of September. 1879, at the end of five years from the com- mencement of his partnership in business, he retired from the practice of law. Since he commenced the practice of the law, in 1848, his residence has been as follows : In Canaan four years, to 1847 ; in Wentworth twenty-two years, to 1869 ; and in Concord since. The judge has ac(juired a competency, has <»ue of the finest residences in the city, and is enjoying life with his friends and his books. Judge Sargent married, first, Maria C. Jones, of Enfield, daughter of John Jones, Esq., November 29, 1843, by whom he had two children. John Jones Sargent, the elder, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1866, and died in Osh- kosh, WLsconsin, October 3, 1870, just as he was ready to commence the practice of the law. The second, Everett Foster, died young. For his second wife, he married Louisa Jennie Paige, daughter of Dea. James K. Paige, of Wentworth, September 5, 1853, by whom he has had three children, — Maria Louise, Annie Lawrie, and George Lincoln. The second died young ; the eldest and youngest survive. Judge Sargent is a leading member of the South Congregational church in Concord, and, while decided in his own opinions, he is liberal and tolerant in judging of the faith, and charitable in judging of the conduct, of others. As a lawyer, he was always faithful and true to his clients, a wise counselor and an able advocate. As a legislator, he has been conservative and safe. As a judge, he always studied to get at the right of the case, to hold the scales of justice evenly, to rule the law plainly, and to get the questions of fact, and the evidence as it bore upon them, clearly and distinctly before the jury. Any one who attended the courts where he presided as a judge could see at once that he was patient and painstaking, industrious and persevering, vigilant and discrim- inating, impartial and fearless ; and any one who reads his written opinions will see that they exhibit great research, learning, and ability. JOHN HATCH GEORGE. BY H. H. METCALP. The man who makes his way to the front rank at the bar and in politics, and holds his position without dispute for more than a quarter of a century, must be a person of ability, energy, and sagacity. Especially is this true in New Hampshire, which, from the earliest period of our national history, has produced some of the ablest lawyers and the keenest politicians known to the country. Such a man is CoL. John Hatch George, of Concord, whose name has long been a household word at every Democratic fireside in the state, and whose eminent legal position is recognized throughout New England. Born in Concord, where he has ever since resided, November 20, 1824, Col. G-eorge is now fifty-seven years of age. His parents were John and Mary (Hatch) George, the former a prominent, respected, and energetic citizen, who, though a native of Hopkinton, located in Concord in early manhood; the latter, a daughter of Samuel Hatch, a leading citizen of the town of Greenland, among whose grandchildren are included the Hon. Albert R. Hatch and John S. H. Frink, Esq., both also known as eminent lawyers and leading Democrats. Gaining his preliminary education in the excellent public schools of his native town and in the old Concord Academy, Col. George entered Dartmouth College in 1840, being then fifteen years of age, where he diligently pursued his studies for about three years, until the death of his father compelled his return home and the non-completion of his college course. The faculty subsequently conferred upon him his graduating degree, which was followed by that of Master of Arts. Among his classmates at Dartmouth were several who became promi- nent at the bar and in public life, including the late Hon. Harvey Jewell, and Hons. A. A. Ranney and Horatio G. Parker, of Boston, and the present gov- ernor of this state, Hon. Charles H. Bell. If young George was unfortunate in the loss of his father, and in the failure to complete the college course consequent thereon, he was especially fortunate in being favored Avith the kindly regard of that brilliant son of New Hampshire, Gen. Franklin Pierce, who, as a friend of the family, had become conversant with his qualities and characteristics, and readily discerned the line of action best calculated for the development and successful exercise of his powers. Fortunate as he was, however, in the enjoyment of the friendship of Gen. Pierce at this time, it may safely be assumed that he never would have been the recipient of such fcivor had he not given evidence of the possession of abilities above the common order. The really great lawyer has a lofty regard for his profession, and will never be found influencing any one to enter upon its pursuit who is not likely to honor the profession and bring credit to himself. When, therefore, upon the invitation of Gen. Pierce, young George entered upon the study of the law in the ofiice of the former, — as he did soon after leaving college, and at the time when that distinguished man was in active practice, — it was under cir- cumstances every way propitious to that ultimate success creditable alike to each. JOHX HATCH GEORGE. 99 During his three years of legal study under such tutelage, he made that rapid progress which characterizes the advance of the ambitious and enthusiastic young man, well ecjuippcd, mentally and physically, for the work in hand, thoroughly in love therewith, guided by wise counsel and inspired by brilliant example; and when, in 1846, he was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of his profession in his native city, it was with unusual thoroughness of preparation. At the opening of Jiis professional career, Col. George was again particularly fortunate. Gren. Charles H. Peaslee had long ranked among the most careful lawyers of the state, and had acquired an extensive practice. He was a warm friend of Gen. Pierce, professionally and politically, and, like him, an intimate friend of the George family. Entering largely into public life, its engrossing duties withdrew his attention more and more from professional engagements, rendering desirable a partnership alliance with some active and competent young man. Such alliance was offered to and promptly accepted by young George, who thus auspiciously commenced his professional career. The limits of this sketch will not permit a detailed account of the progress and success of its subject ; but it may be stated, that from his entrance upon legal practice to the present time all his energies and faculties have been heartily devoted to the labors and duties of his profession, in whose performance he has won a high measure of fame, as well as a fair amount of that substantial reward which the world largely regards as the prime object of human effort. His con- nection with Gen. Peaslee continued about five years, and was followed by a pro- fessional alliance of a similar character with Sidney Webster, Esq., then a young lawyer of fine abilities and brilliant promise, who has since become distinguished in legal and diplomatic circles. This partnership continued till Mr. Webster left Concord to become private secretary to Gen. Pierce, upon the accession of the latter to the presidency in 1853. Soon afterward, Col. George formed partner- ship relations with Hon. William L. Foster, who subsequently became and long remained a judge of the supreme court of the state, and with them Hon. Charles P. Sanborn was also for a time associated. Since the recent resignation of Judge Foster, his connection with Col. George has been resumed. Not only in behalf of an extensive private clientage have the professional ser- vices of Col. George been employed, but for many years, also, in behalf of the public, — he having been appointed solicitor for Merrimack county in 18-49, and re-appointed in 1854, discharging the duties of the ofiice until 1856, when he was removed for partisan reasons, the Republican party signalizing its ascendency by a clean sweep of all Democratic oflBcials. From 1853 to 1858, he was U. S. attorney for the district of New Hampshire, appointed by President Pierce. There are, undoubtedly, many men at the bar, in this and other states, as well grounded in legal principles as Col. George, and even more familiar with the text-books, who have fallen far short of the success he has attained. It is one thing to be able to state abstract legal principles, and quite another correctly to apply those principles to the facts in an}- given case. It has ever been the habit of Col. George, in the conduct of a cause, to thoroughly familiarize himself with all the facts and circumstances connected therewith. The mastery of the cause itself leaves little difficulty in the determination of the law bearing thereon, and is the strongest guaranty of success in its management before a jury ; and it is in the conduct of jury causes that Col. George has won the greater measure of his success. Gifted with great perceptive powers and a ready knowledge of men, and familiar as he ever is with the cause in hand, in all its bearings, he is never taken at a disadvantage, no matter how able or alert the opposing counsel. In handling witnesses, and especially in cross-examination, he has shown unusual tact and ability. He reads the mind of a witness almost intuitively, and under- stands how to bring; out the essential facts even from the most reluctant, and to 100 joh:n^ hatch george. do so in the manner best calculated to make the desired impression upon the minds of the jury. As an advocate, he is equaled by few and excelled by none of our New Hampshire lawyers ; yet his power in this regard consists in the systematic, logical, and intensely earnest presentation of all the facts which go to make up and strengthen his cause, and to destroy or weaken that of his oppo- nents, rather than in the oratory which abounds in eloquently rounded periods and impassioned appeals. In this connection may well be quoted the words of one who, knowing Col. George from youth, has written of him as follows: — " Intense earnestness, and a faculty of an immediate and powerful concentra- tion of all his mental faculties on any subject which interested him, were the predominant peculiarities of the early manhood of Mr. Cleorge. When he came to the bar, he manifested a power of felicitous language, and a largeness of vocabulary, which were rarely to be seen even in the most practiced speakers. He never prepared beforehand the words of his spoken utterances, either at the bar, in the committee-room, or on the stump. Whatever he could see and under- stand at all, he saw and understood clearly. The strength of his feelings, the enormous power and range of his vocabulary, added to this clearness of vision, made mere verbal preparation unnecessary for him. His speaking was made up of a clear perception of the turning-point of his case, and then of pungent epi- gram, sparkling paradox, rattling attack, vivid repartee, hearty humor, and, when occasion called for, of a fearlessness of denunciation of what he believed to be wrong or unjust or unfair, which made him, even at the outset of his brilliant career, a dangerous antagimist for the most practiced and powerful members of the New Hampshire bar." Though not retiring from general practice. Col. Grcorge has devoted his atten- tion largely to railroad law for many years past, having accepted, in 1867, the position of solicitor for the Boston & Lowell Railroad, and established an office in Boston for the transaction of business in connection with that position. For nearly twenty years previous to that date he had served as clerk and counsel of the Concord Railroad corporation, and had already become familiar with the law of railways and their general relations to the public. To-day there is no higher living authority upon railroad law in New England than Col. George, — no man who understands more thoroughly or can state more clearly the respective rights, duties, and obligations of railroad corporations and the people, in relation to each other, a general understanding of which is becoming more and more essential to the fullest measure of our national prosperity. His ])ublic addresses upon the subject, his arguments before legislative committees, courts, and juries, are models of clearness and cogency, admirable in construction and convincing in effect. Notwithstanding his uninterrupted devotion to the law, Col. George is no less generally known in jtolitics than at the bar. Well grounded in the faith of the Democratic party in his youthful years, his intimate association with Pierce, Peaslee, and other distinguished leaders of that organization in his early manhood served to intensify his feelings and convictions in that regard, so he has ever been a ready and zealous exponent of Democratic principles and a champion of the Democratic cause, contributing his services without stint in conventions, in com- mittee work, and upon the stump, doing able and brilliant service in the latter direction in all parts of the state, and in almost every campaign for the past thirty-five years. He long since came to be regarded as one of the most powerful and effective political debaters in the state. His efforts upon the stump are char- acterized by the same earnestness, the same sledge-hammer logic, and the same comprehensive array of facts, as at the bar. His mode of warfare, political as JOHN HATCH GEORGE. 101 well as lejial, is of the Napoleonic order. He never assumes the defensive, and if placed in such position by any conihination of circumstances he soon trans- forms it into one of active aggression. From 1851 to ISoH, inclusive, Col. George served as chairman of the Demo- cratic state committee, and again in 185G. In 1852 he was also selected as the New Hampshire member of the Democratic national committee, and he was especially active in the campaign, both in the state and the country at large, which resulted in the election of his friend,- Gen. Pierce, to the presidency. His service upon the national committee continued until 18(30. He was a member of the Democratic national convention in 1851), and chairman of the state dele- gation in the national convention at Cincinnati, in 1880. At the state convention of his party, in September of that year, he presided, delivering, upon assuming the chair, one of the ablest addresses ever heard upon a similar occasion. His party having been in the minurity in New Hampshire for the past twenty- five years, he has been comparatively little in public office Aside from the non- partisan positions heretofore mentioned, he was for three years — in 1847, 1848, and again in 1850 — clerk of the state senate. In 1853 he was chosen a mem- ber of the legislature, but resigned his seat to accept the office of United States attorney. In this connection it may be mentioned that in 1855 he was tendered, by President Pierce, the office of secretary of the territory of Minnesota, which he at first was inclined to accept, but, after deliberation, determined to forego the chances for political promotion ordinarily involved in an appointment of that character, and remain with his friends and his law practice in his own state. In 1859, Col. George received the Democratic nomination for congress in the second district, and again in 18Go, when he made a vigorous canvass, and was defeated by a very close vote. In 18(56 he received the votes of the Democratic members of the legislature as their candidate for United States senator. Had he deserted his party and allied himself with the majority when the Republicans came into ascendency, he might readily have commanded the highest honors in the gift of the state, as others less able than himself have done ; but his position in the honest regard of the people, irrespective of party, is far higher to-day for having remained true to his convictions and steadfast and active in their maintenance. His military title comes from his service as chief of the staff" of Gov. Dins- moor from 1848 to 1850. He was also for several years commander in the bril- liant and popular organization known as the " Governor's Horse-Guards." As a popular orator, outside the domain of law and politics. Col. George also takes high rank. His oration upon Daniel Webster, at the recent centennial celebra- tion of the birth of that most illustrious son of New Hampshire, under the auspices of the Webster club of Concord, is surpassed in power and felicity of expression by none which the event anywhere called forth. Col. George was united in marriage, in September, 1849, with Miss Susan Ann Brigham, daughter of Capt. Levi Brigham, of Boston, who died May 10, 1862, leaving five children, three sons and two daughters. In July, 1864, he married Miss Salvadora Meade Graham, daughter of Col. James D. Graham of the United States engineers, by whom he has one child, a daughter. His eldest son, John Paul, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1878, entered the Harvard Law School, and is now a student-at-law in the office of George & Foster. His second son, Charles Peaslee, graduated in June, 1881, at the naval school at Annapolis, and is now a midshipman in the U. S. navy. His third son, Benja- min Pierce, is a member of the sophomore class in Dartmouth College. His eldest daughter, Jane Appleton, is the wife of Mr. Henry E. Bacon, and resides in Portland, Me. ; his second daughter, Anne Brigham, is at home ; while the youngest daughter, Charlotte Graham, is at school in Washington, D. C. 102 JOHN HATCH GEORGE. The family residence of Col. Greorge is the old paternal mansion on North Main street, in Concord, wherein he was born. He has also an excellent farm a few miles out of the city, in Hopkinton, where he makes his summer home, and where, in his little leisure from professional labor, he indulges a fondness for rural pursuits, and especially for the breeding and care of domestic animals, which was one of the characteristics of his boyhood. Incidental as this may be, his farm is known as one of the most highly cultivated in the section where it is located, and his horses and Jersey cattle are the admiration of all lovers of good stock. As a citizen. Col. George is public-spirited, and freely devotes his time and ener- gies to the furtherance of every movement and the advocacy of every measure which he believes calculated to promote the material or educational welfare ot the community. No man in Concord has done more than he to advance the prosperity of the city in every essential regard. The efficiency of the public schools has ever been an object of deep interest to him; and as a private citizen, as a member of building committees, and in the board of education, he has given his services freely in perfecting the admirably equipped public-school system, which is far from the least of the attractions which render our capital city one of the most desirable places of residence in New England. The general extension of the railway system of the state, to which most that has been accomplished in the development of its material resources for the last twenty-five years is due, has ever found an enthusiastic supporter in Col. George, who has been and still is directly connected with several railroad enterprises in different sections, which have proved of great local and general advantage. Few men have more or warmer friends than Col. George. A man of positive opinions, frankly and honestly declared, he commands the sincere respect of those with whom he comes in contact in all the relations of life, private, social, public, and professional. Formidable as an opponent, he is nevertheless fair and honorable, as he is true and faithful as a friend and ally. He is a prominent mem- ber of the Masonic order, having attained the rank of sovereign grand inspector- general of the 33d degree, and a member of the " Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States." This brief sketch can perhaps be no more appropriately concluded than in the following language of the gentleman (Sidney Webster, Esq.,) heretofore quoted: " Years of incessant toil, while they have diminished somewhat the energetic temperament and the exuberant animal spirits of Col. George's youth, and have naturally softened his once blunt and almost brusque manner in debate, have not diminished the real force and strength of his genuine character, for cJiaracter is just what Col. George has always had. As the ripples of his experience spread over a wider and wider area, he may have less and less confidence in the infalli- bility of any man's opinions, and less belief in the importance to society of any one man's action ; but Col. George has reached and passed his half century with his mental faculties and his moral faculties improving and strengthening, year by year. New Hampshire has to-day very few among her living sons better equipped to do triumphant battle for her in the high places of the world." yU^'^M^^^.-t^ WILLIAM GORDON MEANS. WiLLAM (rORDON Means, foi" Sixteen years clerk and paymaster of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, and afterwards treasurer of the Manchester Locomotive-Works, was born at Amherst, Hillsborough county, April 27, 1815. He is of the third generation in descent from Col. Hobert Means, who came to New Hampshire from Stewartstown, Ireland, in 17G6, and commenced business at Merrimack, with Dea. Jacob McGaw, who emigrated to this country about the same year. This partnership, which had prospered, was dissolved when Amherst became the shire town, and Col. Means opened a store there, in which he prose- cuted a successful business. A man of great energy, he was prominent in the afiairs of the town ; elected its representative at the general court three times, also a member of the senate three years, and councilor for Hillsborough county, his name is identified with the most important measures of that period. Col. Means had a large family. Several of the daughters were married to gentlemen who subsequently attained great distinction in the learned professions. Of the sons, Robert became a lawyer, and David McGregor, who bore the name of his mother (a daughter of Rev. David McGregor of Londonderry), succeeded his father as a merchant. He married Catherine, daughter of Hon. Joshua Atherton, who is described as a woman of vigorous understanding and positive convictions, ready in conversation, and of sprightly and pleasing manners. By this marriage, David McG. Means had three sons and six daughters, of whom the subject of this sketch was the third son and the fourth child, receiving the name of his uncle, Hon. William Gordon, at that time a lawyer of great promise in Amherst. Among his schoolmates. William G. Means is remembered as a quick-witted boy, fond of adventure, and overflowing with fun. The schools in Amherst at that date did not furnish advantages of a high order. Aside from the training of the household, the youth had no superior privileges, except a few terms at Pinkerton Academy, Derry, then under the care of Abel F. Hildreth, an eminent teacher. For parts of three years he attended this school, in company with his brother James, Edward and Alfred Spalding, E. D. Boylston, and other students from Amherst. In the autumxi of 1830, Mr. Means went to Boston, and entered the store of Daniel McGregor, then a dealer in dry goods, — finding employment, after an apprenticeship of four or five years, in the house of Robert Appleton & Co. By the commercial crisis of 1837, like hundreds of young men similarly situ- ated, he was thrown out of employment, and returned to his home in Amherst. These years of service in Boston were not without their valuable uses, though a new direction was soon to be given to his capacity for business. He saw the perils that beset the career of the tradesman, and learned the wisdom of that conservatism which underlies the avenues of success in mercantile pursuits. While living in Boston, he became interested in the lady who was subsequently to share his fortunes and build his house. 104 WILLIAM GORDON^ MEAIN^S. In Marcli, 1838, Mr. Means became clerk of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company at Manchester, taking charge of the books and pay-rolls of the land and water-power department, then under the direction of Robert Read, Esq. The city had no existence except in the plans of the projectors. There was not a mill on the east side of the river, not a building except the scattered farm- houses ; the canal had been laid out, a site for a cotton mill set off, but nothing was finished. It was during this constructive period of the city's history that he was occupied with the oversight of workmen, the execution of land sales, and the varied duties of the Amoskeag counting-room, thus gathering the knowledge and experience which qualified him for the important agencies that have since engrossed his time. In 1854, desiring a more independent position, he resigned his place in the Amoskeag company, and united with 0. W. Bailey, Aretas Blood, and Joseph M. Stone in organizing a company for building railway engines. By the act of incorporatiop, they took the name of " Manchester Locomotive- Works." With- out adequate capital, and with adverse times, the projectors of the enterprise had a weary struggle before them. Having no reputation as builders, and with limited capacity for production, it was not easy to obtain patronage ; but with the pluck and persistence which deserved success, the proprietors determined to make only first-class engines. At the end of ten years they had gained a posi- tion which commanded wide confidence, and they then began to divide profits. Since that time, with occasional interruptions, the business has steadily increased, so that, in the number, size, and weight of the engines now constructed, the product of a month often exceeds in value the entire product of some pre- vious years. In 1858, Mr. Means was elected treasurer of the Salmon Falls Manufac- turing Company. The mills of this company were in the eastern portion of the state, and for convenience of access he removed his family to Andover, Mass., still retaining his place as treasurer of the locomotive-works, and having an office for the business of both companies in Boston. Under his management the condition of the Salmon Falls company was much improved. The capital stock of the company was, by cash payment to its stockholders, reduced from $1,000,000 to $600,000. New mills were erected, and the productive capacity of the concern enlarged by one-fourth, without any assessments or sacrifices on the part of the stockholders, — a result which illustrates beyond dispute the good judgment and skill of the management. Mr. Means resigned the treasurership Septem- ber 1, 1877. On the 2Gth day of February, 1840, Mr. Means was married to Martha Allen, daughter of Bethuel and Martha (Bent) Allen, of Newton, Mass. They have had eight children, of whom six are now living, — four sons and two daugh- ters. The sons, as they have reached manhood, have found employment in the corporations with which the father is connected. In politics, Mr. Means has been Whig and Republican. Conversant with the affairs of government, and a careful observer of public men, he has manifested a generous appreciation of the good qualities of those with whom he did not agree. Loving justice, and abhorring the wrongs by which any class of his fellowmen suffered injury, he strongly adhered to the principles and steadfastly upheld the policy of the party with which he voted. In 1854 he was elected representative from ward three in Manchester, and served one term in the house at Concord. Having removed from ward three, he was not returned a second time. In religion, Mr. Means has firmly held to the evangelical system of doctrine. In early manhood he made profession of his faith by uniting with the Congrega- tional church in his native town ; transferring his membership to the Hanover- street church in Manchester, and thence to the South church in Andover, with WILLIAM GOIIDON MEANS. 105 successive chances of residence. In all of these places lie has proved a stanch friend of the ministry and a liberal supporter of Christian institutions. A man of clear convictions and of marked independence of character, he has not stood aloof from the community, but, cherishing a hearty respect for human nature, he has taken an active part in the ])opular movements in behalf of education and local improvements. To the appeals for charitable aid, whether coming from individuals or churches or institutions of learning, the response has been cordial. The establishment of the Means prizes at Phillips Academy illustrates his dis- criminating beneficence. In times of difficulty and depression he has been helpful in bearing burdens, making good deficiencies, and (juietly u])holding the cause he had espoused. For a few years ])ast the family have spent the winter season in Boston ; but, whether in city or country, the man is unchanged. He is still interested in the welfare of the church and the state, thoughtful of his friends and former asso- ciates, considerate of neighbors, and bestowing sympathy and assistance where they are needed, seeks to keep alive the ancient virtues of New England life, and maintain the best standards of service and citizenship. BX-GOVHRNOR FREDERICK SMYTH. Frederick Smyth was born March 19, 1819, in Candia, Kockinpjliam county, N. H. His ancestors were farmers, men and women of thrift and intel- ligence. He was trained in the hardest kind of farm labor, receiving, in addition, such education as the good common schools of that town could give, supple- mented by a brief course at Phillips Academy at Andover, Mass. With a view to further education, he taught school several winters, and in 1839 found employ- ment at the store of George Porter, Esq., in Manchester. Elm street was then a sandy and uninviting thoroughfare, with only one other store. At the end of the year Mr. Smyth's employer persuaded him to give up the idea of a college education and adopt a mercantile life. He soon became a partner in the busi- ness, which was successfully carried on until 1849, in which year he was elected city clerk, — the beginning of a long official career, local and national. In 1852, Mr. Smyth was elected mayor, the city then containing a population of fifteen thousand. Mayor Smyth's first message contained many practical sug- gestions ; for instance, that the police or school committee be empowered to take vagrant children from the streets and put them in school ; that proper sidewalks be constructed and maintained ; and that a special committee be appointed to confer with the corporations in regard to the introduction of pure water. In May of that year he set trees on Elm street, the commons, and about land owned by the city. To this matter the mayor gave his personal attention, and not only at that time but every year since, with few exceptions, has inspected the trees and given notice to the proper authorities of any lack. This thorough attention to detail, and desire for doing the work belonging to his office personally and not by proxy, was characteristic of Mayor Smyth. In March, 1853, he was re-elected l)y an increased majority, and the year was marked by the annexation of parts of Bedford and (loflFstown to Manchester, and by the rebuilding of the Amoskeag Falls bridge. The subject of lighting the streets with gas was first introduced to the atten- tion of the city councils at that time, and a few lamps experimentally established. The free public library was also urged, — a recommendation then somewhat in advance of the popular sentiment. It was, however, advocated by the late Hon. Samuel D. Bell and some others, and was finally carried through both branches of the city government without serious opposition. It has resulted in the estab- lishment of a library of which any city might be proud, and a building for its accommodation costing, with the recent annex, nearly forty thousand dollars. A special vote of the trustees at that time recorded their appreciation of Mayor Smyth's eifective exertions in the matter. Having been a third time elected mayor and with still increased majority, the annual message of 1854 set forth the working plan of the library, proposed a change of city charter to allow the consolidation of school-districts, and again urged the imperative need of a supply (•f pure water. At the close of this term of office he declined a re-election, but was soon appointed, by the governor, chairman of a committee to locate and build American BanlcNote Co Boston. GOVERNOR OF NEV/ HAMPSHIRE 1865-66. EX-(rOVERN()H FlM-.DEKrCK >^>[YTH. 107 a house of " reformat ion for juvenile oflenders." His associates in this work were the late Hon. Matthew Harvey, ex-governor, and judge of the I'nit^d States circuit court, and Hon. Hosea Eaton. The first report of the commissioners was a vindication of the humane policy ot the state, containing a sketch of what had been done in this and other countries for the reform of young oflenders, with a full report of progress made. In May, 1858, the house was dedicated to its purpose with aj)propriate ceremonies, and the commissioners were complimented by (Jov. Haile for the fidelity with which the task was accom})lished. While engaged in the supervision of this work, Mr. Smyth represented ward three in Manchester in the legislature of 1857 and 1858. He was made treasurer of the reform school and of the N. H. Agricultural Society, holding the latter officv during ten years of its greatest usefulness. It was in this time. Judge Nesmith being president, that Daniel Webster spoke at one of the annual fairs in ^Manchester to the farmers of his native state, and Edward Everett made one of those matchless speeches which lives in perennial beauty like the landscape it describes. Mr. Smyth was at the same time a director of the U. S. Agricultural Society, manager of the fairs held by that association at Louis- ville. Richmond, Chicago, and Cincinnati, and vice-president of the American Pomological Society. Such varied activities having brought him favorably to the attention of people throughout the state, he received some votes in the conven- tion which nominated the Hon. Ichabod Goodwin for governor. The next year Mr. Smyth was made president of the convention. In 1860 he was appointed, by Secretary Chase, an agent to receive subscriptions to the national loan, and being cashier and principal business manager of the Merrimack River Bank and of the savings bank, he invested largely for them in government bonds. The bank of discount soon after became known as the '• First National Bank." In 1861. Mr. Smj^th was appointed by government a commissioner to the International Exhibition at London, and was then made one of the jurors. The favorable exhibit made by the textile fabrics of Manchester was in no small degree owing to the care with which he looked after their disposal. His ap- pointment gave him unusual facilities for study and observation in the highest circles of London and England, and he was also accredited fn-m the various asso- ciated bodies with which he was connected at home to the Royal Agricultural Society. T^pon these and kindred topics he wrote some interesting letters, which were published in the ]V. If. Jonnidl of Aqrirn/fiire. He also took a trip on the Continent, accompanied by C L. Flint, Ks(p, secretary of the Massachusetts board of agriculture. The gathering proportions of the war at home, however, led him to cut short his travels, and he arrived at New York, via London, in September. He now gave his time to the care of the banks, encouraging sub- scriptions to the national loans, and taking active part in measures calculated to strengthen faith in the administration. In May, 1863, a fair was held in Smyth's Hall in aid of the sanitary commis- sion, at which nearly four thousand dollars were raised. Mr. Smyth gave the use of the hall and his personal efforts as chairman of the committee, sparing no pains to make the occasion successful ; and his enthusiasm and zeal stimulated that of others. After the battle of Gettysburg and of the Wilderness, he went to the front and gave efiicient aid in caring for the sick and wounded. One result of exposure to the burning sun and malaria of the battle-field was the first serious illness of his life. In that same year, when the importance of good mu- nicipal government was felt to be superior to partisan considerations, at the solici- tation of men prominent in both parties. Mi-. Smyth allowed his name to be used as a candidate for mayor the fourth time. He was elected practically with- out opposition, and his election had the desired effect, to give confidence to all classes and stability to the financial standing of the city. 108 EX-CiOVERNOE FREDEEICK SMYTH. It has been noticed ttat he was thought of before this as a possible candi- date for governor, and the feeling had so strengthened that in 1865 he was nominated for that office, his chief competitor in the convention being the late Hon. Onslow Stearns. The nomination proved a very popular one, and after an active canvass he was elected by a majority of over six thousand, the highest given to any man for twenty-four years. Such support was very gratifying to the governor-elect ; but, nevertheless, he felt that he had undertaken no light task. The state debt, which heretofore in times of peace seldom exceeded a few thousands, had now arisen to millions. Moreover, loans must be made in compe- tition with other states and with the general government. State bonds were hard to sell at an}' price, and all the time expenditures were going on. In less than three months from Governor Smyth's inaugural message he had raised, by per- sonal solicitation, largely from banks at Manchester, over one million of dollars, and the credit of the state, strained but not impaired by its patriotic efforts, was firmly re-established. Much time in this year was occupied in the reception and discharge of returning soldiers, and from June until Christmas day, when the last regiment was mustered out, the state echoed to the tread of the home-coming veterans. Grovernor Smyth's correspondence at this time reveals great care taken for the needs of the men, for inmates of military hospitals, or for companies unneces- sarily detained in camp. In this busy period he found time to make brief practical speeches at Portsmouth, Milford, and various other places, each of them calculated to draw attention to the resources and credit of New Hampshire, and to foster a healthy confidence in our ability to overcome every difficulty. He also delivered in Concord the annual address before the New p]ngland Agricultural Society, the late Govs. Andrew of Massachusetts and Buckingham of Connect- icut, with other N. E. governors, being present, and highly commending the address. This year Governor Smyth was made one of the corporators of the national asylums for disabled soldiers, and served on the committee whose duty it was to arrange the working details, with Gen. Grant, Admiral Farragut, Gen. Butler, Surg. -Gen. Barnes, Hon. H. J. Baymond, ex-Gov. Todd, and Admiral Davis. In 1866 he was unanimously nominated for re-election as governor, and, as before, chosen by a handsome majority. Some events of the second year are of much interest. The appointment of Dr. Bouton as state historian, resulting in the preservation and publication of the Provincial E-ecords, was a peculiarly fitting act ; laws in regard to the river fisheries were carried into eff"ect ; and initial steps taken toward the foundation of the Agricultural College, of Avhich Gov. Smyth is at this date a trustee and the treasurer. The financial and executive report of the two years' work is very concisely given in the valedictory address of June 6, 1867. On two occasions the governor spoke briefly at the annual dinner of the sons of New England, at Delmonico's in New York, and was very warmly re- ceived. Some of the most influential and respectable papers of the state advo- cated his nomination for a third term ; he, however, definitely declined the honor in a letter to the Statesman.. He was a delegate at large to the Bepublican national convention which renominated Gen. Grant, and was also a member of the last constitutional convention of New Hampshire. In 18(i6 he was chosen, by vote of congress, one of the managers of the military asylums for six years, other members of the board being Hon. R. J. Oglesby of Illinois, Gen. B. F. Butler, Hon. L. B. (Junekel of Ohio, Jay Cooke of Philadelphia, and Gen. Martindale of New York, with the President, Secretary of War, and Chief- Justice, cj: olficiis, any one of whom had authority tp admit to the Homes on ajiplication being made in due form. The proper discharge of these duties involved a vast amount of correspondence, much travel, and constant care. Gov. Smyth was re-elected for a second six years' term in 1872, and was vice-president of the board. In 1878. EX-GOVERXOR FREDERICK SMYTH. 109 the house l)eing Democratic and the senate nearly a tie, G^en. Shields was proposed jis his successor, hut failed of an election. Two years later, however, thi- Democ- racy were able to unite on a successor. Since the close of his term as governor, he has delivered addresses on several occasions. — one before the Vermont State Agricultural Society, another at the dedication of a soldiers' monument at Washington, N. II., and. later, the "Oration to the Unknown Dead," delivered on " Decoration Day" before Louis Bell Post No. 8. IJ. A. R., in 18S0: and in ISSl. an address on a similar occasion at Rochester, X. H. In 187S he was appointed, by President Hayes, honorary commissioner to the International Exposition at Paris. Accom]ianied by Mrs. Smyth, he left New York, April 24, in the steamer Russia, for Liverpool. Visiting London and some English cities by the way, they reached Paris at the grand opening. Soon after they left Marseilles for Alexandria, Egypt, and from thence made a tour of the Holy Land, n'a Cairo, Ismailia. and the Suez canal, afterward journeying to the Levant, stopping at Constantinople, Smyrna, Athens, and ot'-^er points of interest. They were received with uniform courtesy and attention by officials at the U. S. legations, and particularly spoke of the interest manifested in their welfare by Ministers Noyes at Paris, Maynard in Constantinople. Reed at Athens, Consul- General Fairman at Cairo. Nearly everywhere they seem to have found friends to smooth the roughness of the traveler's path ; and on their return to Paris, which they did by way of Rome, Switzerland, and most of the continental cities, it was regarded as an exceptional piece of good fortune to be present at the memorial (celebration in honor of ^I. Thiers. Ex. -Gov. Smyth was there also received as a member of the Stanley club. While thus absent, he wrote a series of inter- esting letters, which were published in the Mirror and American, and read with pleasure by a large circle of acquaintances. Since returning from the East he and Mrs. Smyth have made an extended trip into Mexico, touching at Cuba by the way. Their experience in that land of the sun appears to have been equally pleasant with that in other places. The ex-governor. fre(|uently if not always accompanied by his wife, has visited almost every nook and corner of our own land excei)t, possibly, Alaska, and is therefore well qualified to make comparisons. This long and varied experience in aifairs, in ac(juaintance with men. and in travel, has made him a very interest- ing man in conversation whenever he chooses to indulge in the reminiscences of a not distant past. His house abounds in tokens of travel, curious and rare bits from many lands, and he has entertained there, from time to time, many distin- guished guests. Before local associations and to personal friends he has given some familiar and delightful talks on what he has seen in these vacations of a busy life. He also pays the penalty of success in other ways, which, if flattering, are not always agreeable. His advice is daily sought, not only, as is natural, in finan- cial and political matters, but on matters more remote from his habits of thought. But, whatever it may be. he gives cheerfully, and no man more readily lends a hand to tho.se who are trying to help themselves. Offices of trust also flock to one who has proved himself capable of taking good care of his own aftairs, and among appointments which he holds at this date, not before named, are : director of the Concord, Suncook Valley, and Boston & Acton railroads ; director and treasurer of the Manchester Horse-Railroad ; vice-president of the New England Agricultural Society ; president and director of the Northern Telegraph Company ; treasurer of the Elliot hospital ; cashier and manager of the First National Bank of Manchester ; trustee and treasurer of the Merriinack River Savings Bank ; vice-president of the American Pomo- logical Society. In 18G6 the faculty of Dartmouth College conferred on him the degree of A. B. CHARLES ELLIOTT TILTON. Charles Elliott Tilton, son of Hon. Samuel Tilton, was born in San- bornton, September 14, 1827, and in that part set off and incorporated as the town of Tilton. He received his early education in the common schools, and at the age of fifteen was put under the instruction of Prof. Dyer H. Sanborn of Sanbornton Academy. Later he was admitted into the Norwich University (a military school), where he remained three years. When war was declared with Mexico, Gen. Ransom, the president of the university, was commissioned to raise a regiment, and induced nearly every student to enlist, offering young Tilton the command of a company, which honor, through the influence of his father, was declined. About this date he left home, going to New York, where he remtftned with his brother a short time. He then sailed for the West Indies and South America in pursuit of a for- tune. At this point a business career was inaugurated which for thirty years called for untiring labor. He visited all the islands, prospected the Orinoco and Amazon rivers to their head waters, went overland to Caracas and La Guayra, thence to Maracaybo, St. Martha, Carthagena, and Chagres. Here he heard of gold discoveries in California, and proceeded at once to San Francisco via Panama. A hasty survey of the outlook satisfied him that "merchandising" rather than digging for gold afforded better chances for success, and on this foundation determined to build his fortune. In 1850 he went to Oregon, and in the suc- ceeding year formed a copartnership with W. S. Ladd, Esq., for general mercan- tile pursuits, which continued until 1859. That his operations were diversified and on a large scale, the public prints of that era are ample evidence. He was interested in establishing a line of vessels to run between Oregon and China, one (if which, the " C E. Tilton,' had made the quickest passage from New York to Oregon on record to the present time. She was subse(juently sold to the Jajta- nese government and by them converted into a man of war, and was finally sunk in an encounter with the V. S. ship '' Powhattan." In 1859 the banking-house of Ladd & Tilton, Portland, was organized, so favorably known and generally advertised during the settlement of the presidential vote of that state in 187t>. He remained a partner in this institution twenty-one years, retiring in 1880. In all this period ]Mr. Tilton was interested in many other enterprises on the Pacific coast and frontier. Among these may be mentioned the navigation of the Columbia and Willamette rivers. He was one of five who controlled what has developed into the Oregon Railway k Navigation Company, with a capi- tal of S24,000,OOO. He had an interest in the banking firm of Ladd <.*c Bush, Salem, in the First National Bank of Portland, and First National Bank ol Walla Walla, W. T. At the same time he was largely engaged in trans- portation across the plains. He fully understood the requirements for merchan- dise in Utah, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado. He furnished and dispatched large trains from San Bernardino, Cal., to TTtah, and from St. Joseph, Mo. to Colorado, and from there to Montana, giving his personal attention to them ..i::^^ ^r^^^^^i^^iZTT" y^ CHARLES ELLIOTT TILTON. Ill all. This was no pastime twenty years ago. A country largely held by hostile Indians had to be traversed, and few trains reached their destination unmolested. l)esperate encounters frecjuently occurred, resulting in more or less loss to life and property, and once ending in the capture of an entire train by the " Red Devils.' Other obstacles had to be met, incident to such undertakings, like storms, swollen rivers, and break-downs, which would have seemed in.'^uperable to any one of less force of character. Kealizing what the great West might be, he purchased land in all the territories, which investments have proved advantageous. He engaged in many other transactions which his keen perceptions led him to believe would be remunerative, so that, in fact, there were but few enterprises of importance connected with the growth and development of the Pacific slope, whether pertaining to its finance, internal improvements, or its foreign and do- mestic commerce, in which the cool and sagacious subject of this sketch was not a participator. To organize and direct successfully such varied and extended operations, out- lined here only in part, required a mind strong in perception and purpose. A union of these qualities, with that adventurous spirit which led the youth of eighteen to the sources of the Orinoco and the pampas of the Amazon in pursuit of wealth, constituted a mental alliance which could well measure the possibilities of a new country and avail himself of their fulfillment. In all this time Mr. Tilton enjoyed excellent health and immunity from serious accident. After living amidst the steaming malaria of tropical lagoons, sleeping by the side of his mustang on the plains, blockaded by the storms of the Sierras, assailed by the hostile Ajiaches, he returns to his native hills unscathed, with a sound constitution and the early purpose of his will fully accomplished. Mr. Tilton's munificence has manifested itself most liberally to his townsmen within two years. In that time he has erected and conveyed to them a town hall finished in an elegant and substantial manner. It contains a market and town office, a store and post-office, all commodiously arranged, no expense being spared which would add to convenience. They return to the treasury a handsome rental. The hall proper is easily approached, is finished in hard wood, as is all the interior of the building. It is artistically frescoed in water-colors and gilt, lighted with gas, has a stage fitted with drop-curtains, changes of scenery, a beautiful pro- scenium, proper furniture, a Steinway piano, all after the most approved styles. The building, with its appointments, is the admiration of visitors and the pride of towns-people. He has placed an iron bridge, the present season, from Main street to Island Park, costing over eighteen hundred dollars. The public are allowed at all times to use and occupy this delightful resort. Its airy summer- house, built after an European model, surrounded by works of art, is unmatched in loveliness. For remodeling one of the village churches he contributed more than three thousand dollars ; and donated five hundred towards an iron bridge between Tilton and Northfield, which act results in two by the towns named. He expended a large sum in the purchase of land and improving it for a public park near by the village, and, including the gift of the fine town hall, January 4, 1881, must have appropriated forty thousand dollars for the pleasure and benefit of his townsmen. During this period he has paid thousands of dol- lars for improvements on his own premises, giving, employment to a large force of laborers and mechanics. Mr. Tilton's elegant and sjjacious residence is situated on an eminence com- numding a magnificent prospect, and overlooks the village that bears his name. When built, a few years since, it was deemed one of the best in central New Hampshire. In the last two years it has been materially improved, while large additions have been constructed, consisting of an extensive conservatory and aviary 112 CHAELES ELLIOTT TILTON. on the one side of the main building, and a spacious drawing-room on the other ; it is unequaled in its appointments, perhaps, in New England. It is twenty- eight feet by thirty-eight feet in area, and twenty-two feet in height. Seven thousand five hundred feet of mahogany were used to complete it. To the height of four feet the most elaborate work in wainscoting is produced, while pilasters in the same wood, ornate in their design, extend from the floor on either side and meet in the ceiling above. This arrangement in finish running at right angles leaves the walls and surfiice overhead checked into panels, either square or oblong, each of which is filled with an individual conception of the artist, but collectively form a general design. An exquisitely designed gablet holds the porcelain tiled fire front, its three sides partly filled with French plate mirrors, and a Swiss styled hooding covers the apex which contains the clock. Carpets and rugs, drapery and furniture, mirrors and chandeliei-s, were manufactured for the room. We know the owner is averse to anything that attracts attention to himself. The public on proper occasions have had the pleasure of seeing these premises ; and what we have here recited has been gathered from sources that have been open to all. Mr. Tilton is cordial and pleasant in his intercourse with his neighbors and acquaintances, and in feelings and tastes one of the people. The steel portrait is an excellent one. He is in the prime of manhood and intellect. Through life, so far, he seems to have been conscious that his capacity was for business and not politics. He has never sought or held public ofiice, and says he never will. The frequent mention of his name in political circles and some- times in the press, in such connection, is not inspired by him. He comes back to a common welcome after thirty years of incessant labor, from amidst surroundings, which, if detailed, would seem stranger than fiction. Mr. Tilton was married December 2i), and sailed in the " Gallia '' from New York for Liverpool, January 4, 1882. We understand it is the intention of the happy pair, if Providence permits, to stay abroad as long as pleasure or profit can be derived from their trip. COL. CHARLES E. BALCH, Charles Edward Balch was born in Francestuwn in 1834, and is the son of Mason and Hannah Balch, his mother being a dauuhter of Joshua Holt, of Greenfield. His boyhood was spent upon a farm, and his education was obtained in the comnKjn schools and Francestown Academy. When eighteen years of age he began life for himself as a book-keeper in the dry -goods store of Barton & Co., in Manchester, and two years later had so established himself in the confidence of tlie managers of the jManchester Savings Bank that he was called to a clerkship in that institution. In this position his industry, courtesy, and excellent judgment won good opinions from all with whom he came in contact, and when the Manchester National Bank was organized, in 1865, he was chosen its cashier, and has filled this responsible position ever since. He has also been a trustee of the Manchester Savings Bank since 1862, is a member of its invest- ing committee, treasurer of the Manchester Gas-liight Company, a director and member of the finance committee of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Com- pan}^ and a trustee of many large estates. In all these positions, Mr. Balch has proved himself a sagacious, earelul, and safe financier. The banks to wlvich he has given the most of his time and energies reflect in their strength and uniform success his honesty, reliability, and prudence ; and those whose funds have been intrusted to his management have always found their confidence justified by steady and satisfactory returns. Mr. Balch is, moreover, a man whose private character is above suspicion, a citizen whose public duties are never left to others, a friend whose fealty is never doubted, and an acquaintance whose courtesy, candor, and aftability command universal respect and good will. He has been too modest to ask, and too busy to accept, political honors : but his influence has been jiotent in advancing the party to which he belongs, and in shaping the policy of the city in which he resides. In aft'airs of state and city, as in business matters, he makes little noise ; but his work tells, and his convictions of duty bring substantial results. He was commissioned a colonel of the state militia in 1879, and served on Gov. Head's stafi" for two years. In July, 1867, Mr. Balch married Miss Emeline K. Brooks, daughter of Rev. Nahum Brooks, then of Bath, Me., but now of Manchester, who presides over and dispenses the hospitalities of his pleasant home. HON. JOHN CARROLL MOULTON BY COL. THOMAS J. WHIPPLE. The ancestors of Hon. John C. Motlton were among the fifty-six inhabi tants from the county of Norfolk, England, who first settled in the town ot Hampton, then Winnicumet, in the year l(j38. The names of John Molton and Thomas Molton appear in a partial list of these original settlers, which may be found in " Belknap's Histoiy of New Hampshire." Vol. I. p. 37. General Jonathan Moulton was a descendant of this family, and the great- grandfather of John C. Moulton. He was born in Hampton, N. H., June 30, 172G, and died at Hampton, in the year 1788, at the age of sixty-two. He was a large proprietor in lands, and several flourishing towns in the interior of this state owe their early settlement to his exertions and influence. This fact is men- tioned in •' Farmer & Moore's Gazetteer," published in 1823. When he was thirty-seven years old, the town of Moultonborough was granted to him and sixty-one others, by the Masonian proprietors, November 17, 17G3. He was already noted for the distinguished service which he had rendered in the Indian wars, which ended with the Ossipee tribe, along the northerly borders of Moul- tonborough, in 1763. Many of his adventures during this bloody period have been preserved and transmitted to the present time ; enough, indeed, to fill a large space in this brief sketch. It may be well to preserve one of these incidents in this record : — An octogenarian in the vicinity of Moultonborough relates that, during the Indian wars, Colonel, afterward Greneral, Jonathan Moulton went out with a scouting party from Dover. After numerous adventures, they met with and attacked a party of six Indians, near a place now known as Clark's Landing, on tlie shore of Lake Winnipesaukee, all of whom fell in the skirmish which ensued, with one exception. The colonel had a large dog with him, which, after the afi"ray was over, he placed upon the track of the escaped Indian. The dog ran on the shore a short distance, and then struck oft" on to the ice. The party followed, and as they approached the entrance of what is now Green bay they saw in the distance that the dog had the Indian down upon the ice ; and when they got to the spot the Indian was dead, — killed by the dog. The active services of the general in these border wars had made him, at an early age, well and favorably known to the leading men of that day. His numer- ous raids and scouts, in the region occupied by the Ossipee tribes, had made him well acquainted with the then wilderness, and with the adjacent country upon the western shores of the lake, and no doubt secured to him the land grant which he ol)tained, in common with many of his companions in arms. He was rightly pla<;ed at the head of the grantees, by the Masonian proprietors, and the town of Moultonborough, which was named after him, perpetuates the memory of his rugged virtues and of his enterprising character. His descendants have been inhabitants of Moultonborough and of Center Harbor to the present time. After obtaining this grant, the general devoted much of the remainder of his life HON. JOHN CAKROLL MOULTON. 115 in promoting the settlement and the development of this new territory. Among other tilings in this direction, he obtained from Gov. Wentworth the grant of land now known as the town of New Hampton, which was formerly a part of Moultoiiborough gore, and then called •'Moiiltonborough Addition. " The follow- ing amusing account of the way in which (ren. Moultdn secured this last grant appears in " Fogg's Gazetteer, " and is to be found in other histories of those early times: — " In 17GH, Gen. Jonathan Moulton, of Hampton, having an ox weighing one thousand four hundred pounds, fattened for the purpose, hoisted a flag upon his horns, and drove him to Portsmouth as a present to Gov. Wentworth. The gen- eral refused any compensation for the ox, but said he would like a charter of a small gore of land he had discovered adjoining the town of Moultonborough, of which he was one of the ))rincipal proi)rietors. The governor granted this simple request of General Moulton, and he called it New Hampton, in honor of his native town. This small gore of land contained nineteen thousand four hundred and twenty-two acrt's, a part of which now constitutes ('Cnter Harbor." Thus it appears that (reneral Moulton, by his energy and enterprise, largely contributed to the formation of three towns, — one named New Hampton, by him ; another named Moultonborough, for him : and the third, Center Harbor, was carved from a part of his grant called " Moultonborough Addition.'" The following is the genealogical order: — 1. Gen. Jonathan Moulton, born in Hampton, N. H., June 30, 172G. Jan. 7, 17-49, he married Abigail Smith. He died in 1788. 2. Benuing Moulton, son of Jonathan Moulton and Abigail (Smith) Moul- ton, born May 21, 1761. He married Sally Lovett, Nov. 7, 1782. He settled in Center Harbor in 178;>, and there died Dec. 23, 1884. ;5. Jonathan Smith Moulton, son of Benning Moulton and Sally (Lovett) Moulton, born at Center Harbor, Dec. 14, 1785. He married Deborah Neal. He died Nov. 15, 1855. 4. John Carroll Moultox, son of Jonathan Smith Moulton and Debo- rah (Neal) Moulton, born in Center Harbor. Dec. 24, 1810. In addition to the ordinary opportunities of the district school, in his native town, he attended Holmes Academy at Plymouth, N. II., where for several terms he pursued his studies under the instruction of the late Samuel Burns, who ranked among the foremost teachers of his time. To perfect himself in mathematical studies, for which he showed an early and natural aptitude, he placed himself under the tui- tion of Master Dudley Leavitt, the noted '■ almanac-maker, who, for many years, opened an annual term of high school in Meredith, where he taught all the advanced branches of mathematics to pupils, who in that day flocked from every }iart of the country to place themselves at the feet of this great mathematical Gamaliel. These studies he ardently pursued far beyond the limits of the ordi- nary academical course, and they seem to have impressed upon him a permanent proficiency often called for and manifested in the various large business transac- tions with which he has been connected for so many years. During the intervals of schools he assisted his father — who was in trade and a large farmer — as clerk and general assistant in his extensive business. In 1 881 , at about the age of twenty, he opened a store and commenced trade at Sandwich, N. H., where he remained about a year, when he returned, and resumed the same business at (^enter Harbor. 116 HON. JOHN" CARROLT^ MOULTOK. July 15, 1833, lie married Nellie B. Senter. He then opened a hotel in what has since grown to be one of the famous boarding-houses at Center Harbor, and, with the aid of his brilliant and accomplished wife, united the duties of landlord and merchant, which employments he continued thei'e for several years. In 1836, Lake Village, N. H., began to attract attention as a place of large prospect- ive business, and Mr. Moulton left Center Harbor, and opened a store at that place. He also engaged in manufacturing, and continued in these employments for several years. In 1841 he removed to Laconia, then known the world over as Meredith Bridge, and took charge of the Belknap Hotel. This being the only stage house of that lively place, it was usually inundated with the stream of public travel peculiar to those times. He continued this business about two years, when he opened a bookstore and an apothecary-shop in a building which stood on the site now occupied by the post-office and the national bank. He was soon after appointed postmaster, — in the latter part of Tyler's administration; was re- appointed by President Polk, through whose term he held the office, which he continued to do a short time during the term of President Taylor, when, being a life-long Democrat, he was removed. He was re-appointed by President Pierce, and also by President Buchanan, during whose terms he held the office, which he continued to do a short time under President Lincoln, when he was siiperseded by the appointment of a Republican. Thus he held the office of postmaster during part of the terms of three Republican, and the full terms of three Democratic, administrations, making his term of office about sixteen years in all. The duties of his long term of service were performed in a manner universally acceptable and satisfactory to the public. In 1848 the Boston, Concord, & Montreal Railroad was built and completed from Concord to Plymouth. In anticipation of this event the firm of Charles Ranlet & Co. built large and extensive car-works at Laconia, which they designed particularly for the construction of freight-cars. The firm commenced and car- ried on the business until the decease of the senior partner, in 1860, when the works were suspended. In 1861, Mr. Moulton became a partner, and by his great energy and business capacity has developed a large business, which employs some two hundred men, most of whom are skilled workmen. The monthly pay- roll is about eight thousand dollars. The works have been repeatedly enlarged, and several extensive buildings erected, to accommodate the increase of business. For several years, passenger-cars of the finest style and finish, as well as freight- cars, have been built at their works, and their annual gross earnings are to be reckoned at several hundred thousand dollars. In Febrxiary, 1881, these car- shops, with most of their machinery and contents, were burned to the ground, only some of the out-buildings being saved. Before the ruins were done smoking, lumber began to be hauled upon the ground, and in thirty days from the fire cars were being built in new shops which had been erected on the old founda- tions. Mr. Moulton was then over seventy years of age, and was well able to retire from businesi:*, with an ample competence, to the quiet repose which most men desire as the closing blessing of an active and arduous life. In 1871 and 1872 he was chosen senator from district number six, and per- formed his official duties with his accustomed promptness and fidelity, and to the satisfaction of his constituents. He was also elected councilor for district number two in 1874. In 1876 he was one of the delegates to the Democratic national con- vention held at St. Louis, which nominated Samuel J. Tilden for the presidency, and in the ensuing presidential campaign was one of the candidates on the Democratic ticket for elector. HON. JOHN CARROLL MOULTON. 117 lu 1865, the rapid growth of the manufacturing, commercial, and other busi- ness interests at Laconia and Lake \'iUage suggested to him the great need of added tinaucial facilities. To meet tliese demanIr. Tike often buys, for resale, from seventy-five to one liun- (Ired and twenty-five tons of jntultry* and between two and three hundred thous- and pounds of wool. Besides the above, he has for many years purchased an- nually, for the Boston market, in the interest of the firm of liamson. Dudley. cS: Pike, of whieh he is a nu'uiber. great numbers of cattle and sheep. During the last thirty j^ears. iNIr. Pike has found an outlet for that restless energy and enter- prise, which these pursuits and the occupation of fanning and stock -growing oannot exhaust, in an extensive lumber business. All this, it shouhl be borne in mind, is in addition to the extt'nsive cultivation and stock-growing on his own form. Notwithstanding the variety and extent of his purely bu.siness transactions, Mr. l^ike has also found leisure to fill with efficiency many stations in the public service. At one period of his career, during several successive years he was selectman of Cornish. This led the way to other offices. He who had dis- charged with faithfulness and skill the responsibilities in the town, was deemed wortTiy to be honored with higher duties, and Mr. Pike found himself, in 1859, 1860, and 1801, the incumbent of the office of county commissioner for Sulli- van county. At the end of his third term, his fellow-townsmen withdrew him from the commissionship. which he had ably filled, and made him their rejiresen- tative to the general court for 18(J2. and again for 1S():>. He made an intelli- gent and active legislator, and soon became familiar with the business of the house. The estimate which was put upon his services and standing in the house is seen in the fact that in his first year he served on the committee on manufac- tures, and, in his second year, was made chairman of the committee on banks, which at the time was one of the most difficult and responsible j.ositions in the house. If Mr. l*ike did not often attempt to influence legislation by debate, he had what Wirt attributes to Jefferson, " the out-of-door talent of chamber con- sultation.' and used it with good eff'ect. The years 1802 and 1863 were two of the most anxious and trying'years of the civil war, and perplexing propositions were brought before the legislature for solution. There were sharp antagonisms and earnes^t debates among the strong men of those sessions ; questions of juris- diction and policy touching the national defense and the rights of states, new to legislation and embittered by party rancor, became the subjects of action; the frequent calls for men and money to meet the demand which the prolonged and sanguinary conflict made upon the state gave to the legislation of the period unpi-ecedented interest and importance. Through it all, no man was more active, more true, or more patriotic, than Capt. Pike. In 1863, the subject of our sketch was ai)pointed provost-marshal ol the third New Hampshire district, and during that and the two succeeding years, when the war-cloud hung heavy and dark on the southern horizon, he discharged the duties of this delicate and difficult office with unusual ability, and received from Mr. Frye, the provost-marshal-general, the highest possible commendation for the integrity and success with which he administered the aff'airs of his de- partment of the iiublic service. Associated with him in this branch of the mili- tary organization, were some of the foremost men of the state: Hon. Francis A. Faulkner, an able lawver of Keene, was commissioner, and Dixi Crosby, the dis- tinguished head of the Dartmouth :Me(lical College, was surgeon of the board of enndlnient; Senator H. W. Hlair. lion. Ossian Bay, and Col. Nelson Converse of Marlborough were the deputy-marslials, and Judge W. H. H. Allen of New- port, C. C. Kind.all, Esip. of ' Charlestown. and Henry C. Henderson, Ks(|., of Keene, were i-lerks of the board. To have conducted the office in a way to secure the respect and co-oi)eration of such a body ol" men is in itself a distinguished honor. 126 OHESTEE PIKE. In 1866, Mr. Pike received tlie nopiination for councilor of the fourth councilor district, but declined, and was subse({uently appointed United States collector of internal revenue. His administration of the duties of this position was deservedly popular with the department at Washington, and with the people at home, and he remained in it till the districts of the state were consolidated. In 1876 he was a delegate from Cornish in the constitutional convention, receiv- ing every vote cast by his fellow-townsmen. In addition to these public offices, Mr. Pike has been a director in the Clare- mont National Bank for fifteen years, and an active member and officer of the Sullivan County, the Connecticut River, the New Hampshire State, and the New England agricultural societies. To have earned and to have enjoyed the popu- lar favor in a republic and in so many and varied places of honorable trust, is to have passed the crucial test of fitness for public life. Few men of positive character and recognized ability, if in exalted positions, are so fortunate, in this age, as to escape criticism ; but it will be acknowledged that in all the state and national trusts held by the subject of our sketch, he has so borne himself as to win the approval of the authorities, the good will of the people, and the respect of his friends. In 1862, Mr. Pike was united in marriage to Amanda M. Fay, the daughter of Hon. Levi Chamberlain Fay, of Windsor, Vt., a lady of attractive manners and varied accomplishments. Mrs. Pike has been a most loyal wife in all the relations of life, and the beloved mother of four children, — three sons and a daughter, — of whom but one survives, Chester Fay Pike, a lad of twelve years. In the above narrative, we have done little more tban to set down in order the events in the life of a quiet citizen of one of the country towns of our state ; but, when we consider how much this gentleman has accomplished and that he is only now at the meridian of life, we realize that his is no ordinary career, and that New England does not furnish a long catalogue of men who have so well illustrated the genius of our institutions, and the possibilities of a sagacious mind that has a fixed purpose to succeed in the race of life. The man who does difficult work and wins the love of friends deserves to be honored of all. In all the relations of public and private life Mr. Pike, — "By nature honest, by exiierience wise, Healthy by temperance and exercise," has acted well his part, and so honored his state, and made a name which his descendants will cherish in the years to come. ^^. C^(^ .C.£^<^<^^^^ COL. THOMAS P. PIERCE. BY HON. JOHN H. GOODALE. Most of the success and thrift which during the past thirty years have attended the manufiicturing interests of New Hampshire are due to the untiring industry and intelligent foresight of that class of self-reliant, progressive business men who, starting in life with ordinary advantages, have had the nerve to seize and the capacity to improve the opportunities within their reach. Prominent among this class of enterprising and valuable citizens of this state is the gentle- man whose name stands at the head of this page, — Hon. Tho.mas P. Pierce. Col. Pierce was born in Chelsea, Mass., on the HOth of August, 1820. He came from Revolutionary stock on both the father's and mother's side. After limited training in the public schools, he learned the trade of carriage and orna- mental painting in Boston. In 1840, the subject of this sketch came to Manchester, which was then springing into existence as a manufacturing village, under the ausjiices of the Amoskeag Land and Water Company. Three years jirevious the first improve- ments were begun, and it was now a Inistling town of six hundred families, gath- ered from every section of northern New P^ngland. With much of the rush and recklessness of a newly grown community, there were then germs of that energy which has since made Manchester an eminently prosperous city. Young Pierce, not yet of age, worked as a journeyman at his trade, and by his unvarying cour- tesy and cheerful spirit was a favorite among his associates. He was an active member of the famous Stark Guards, — a military organization of which Hon. George W. Morrison and Walter French, Esq., were successively in command. There is no more exhaustive test of a young mans stamina than life in a rapidly growing manufacturing village. One literally goes in and out in the presence of the enemies' pickets, though they may not be intentional enemies. The temptation to excess is constant and persistent. Often the most brilliant and sagacious fall victims. It is to the ci'edit of Thomas P. Pierce that he })assed the ordeal unscathed. In the summer of 1842 it Avas his good fortune to marry Miss Asenath R. McPherson, the daughter of a farmer in the adjoining town of Bedford. The war with Mexico began in 184(), When it was decided that an army under Gen. Scott should be raised to march to the city of Mexico, it was (irdered that a regiment of infantry should be raised in New England. Mr. Pierce at once volunteered as a private, and was soon after commissioned, by President Polk, as second lieutenant of one of the companies of the New England regi- ment. The command of this regiment was first assigned to Franklin Pierce; but on his promotion to the command of a brigade it was given to Truman B. Ransom, a brave and accomplished officer from A'ermont. Early in the summer the brigade under Gen. Pierce was ordered to proceed to the eastern coast of Mexico, and to land in the vicinity of Vera Cruz, to be ready to co-operate with the main army under Gen. Scott in the march to the 128 COL. THOMAS T. PTERCK. Mexican capital. Tlic troops cli8enil)arked on the 28th of June, — a most un- favorable season of tlie year. The heat was so intense on the lowlands that to march between nine o'clock in the morning and four in the afternoon was impos- sible. With the exception of a few of the officers, the entire force was made up of new recruits. It occupied two weeks to secure mules for army transportation. On the 14th of July the movement toward the city of Mexico began, and, on reaching the foothills, every bridge and fortified pass was strongly guarded by hostile Mexicans. There was constant skirmishing, and the enemy, from the cliflFs and tliickets, made annoying and sometimes dangerous attacks. The climate, the difficulties of marching, and hai'dships of a military life in a strange country bore heavily on the inexperienced soldiery. Amid these perplexities, the tact, the genial spirit, and untiring attention to the wants of his comrades won for Lieut. Pierce a high regard and strong ])ersonal attachment. In the sharp conflicts which occurred on reaching the table-lands, Lieut. Pierce took an active part. At tlie battle of Contreras, fought August 10, he was personally complimented by Col. Ransom for bravery, — himself soon after a martyr to his personal valor. Reaching the higher lands. Gen. Scott found the flower of the Mexican army entrenched among the cliff's of Churubusco. To leave the enemy in the rear was to hazard everything ; and in the dangerous task of dislodging and utterly routing them the New England regiment bore a conspicuous part. In his report of the battle, Gen. Scott placed the name of Lieut. Pierce on the list of those recommended for promotion on account of gallant and meritorious con- duct. The storming of Chepultepec soon followed, in which the New England regiment had literally to cross a succession of ridges and ravines, exposed to a deadly fire from the enemy among the crags. The assault was successful, and the surrender of the Mexican capital immediately followed. In this action, and in the details of patrol service during the winter, while the city was occupied by the American army, Lieut. Pierce was officially commended for the vigilant dis- charge of his duties. The camjiaign in Mexico, with its varied experiences, had, without doubt, a marked and favorable eifect upon the subject of this sketch. The novelty of climate and productions, the grandeur of the scenery, and the immense natural resources of that region were not lost upon him. But of still greater value was the experience gained from association with men of large attainments, positive ideas, strong will, and comprehensive views. The majority of the army officers in that campaign were of this character ; and the young soldier, at the close of the war, returned home in March, 1848, with higher aims and a Ijctter and truer estimate of the duties and responsibilities of life. Col. Pierce again engaged in business at his trade, in Manchester, which, in the meantime, had been incorporated a city. In 1849 he became a member of the city government ; and in the same year was aytpointed a member of Gov. Dinsmoor's staff. Upon the inauguration of Gen. Franklin Pierce as president, in March, 1853, he was aj)pointcd postmast(>r at Manchester. This position, in the largest and most ])rosperous city of the state, was one of unusual labor and responsibility. Col. Pierce filled the office for eight years, and to the entire satisfaction of the citizens of all parties. On the breaking out of the rebellion, in 1861, Col. Pierce was selected by Gov. Goodwin as commander of the Second New Hampshire regiment, of the three months' troops. Having satisfactorily discharged his duties, he retired after the term of enlistment was changed to three years. The next year, Sep- tember, 18G2, unexpected difficulties having arisen. Gov. Berry telegraphed to Col. Pierce to take command of the Twelfth New Hampshire regiment, then COL. THOMAS P. PTKROE. 129 onnipleting itp organization at C-oncnrcl. Ilftw well lie accomplished the dnty assigned him was expressed in a statement, signed hy the officers of the regiment, at the time of his witlidrawal, in the following words : — •' ^'nllr generous and patriotic course in assuming temporary command of tlie regiment during a period of great excitement and confusion, thereby saving it from dissolution and the state from disgrace, merits our admiration and sin- cere thanks.' In ISnt), Col. IMerce removed tit Nashua, for the purpose of engaging in the manufacture of card-board and glazed pajier. Since then he has been an active member and one of the directors of the Nashua Card and Glazed- l*aper Com- jiany, — one of the most successful business enterprises in the state, and which, in the variety and excellence of its products, is not surpassed by any corporation of its kind in the country. Col. Pierce is also a director of the Contoocook Valley Paper Company in Henniker, a director of the Second National Bank and president of the Mechanics Savings Bank at Nashua. In 1874, Col. Pierce was elected a member of the New Hampshire state senate, the only candidate of his party ever elected from that district ; and in 1875 and 1876 he was sheriff of Hillsborough county. While unwavering in his attachment to, and support of, the Democratic party, he is not rabid in his policy or partisan in his associations. When President Hayes visited Nashua, in 1877, he was selected by the city government as chairman of the committee of arrangements ; and no citizen took a more efficient part in securing a proper observance of the obsequies of President Garfield. He and liis family are attendants of the Universalist church. In his social and domestic relations, Col. I'ierce has been fortunate. Of his two children, the eldest, Mrs. Julia M., wife of William N. Johnson, resides at West Henniker, where her husband is a paper manufacturer ; his son, Mr. Frank Pierce, is associated with him in business. A few years since, having purchased the homestead of the late Gen. J. G. Foster, he built a spacious and elegant residence. Situated on an acclivity on the north side of the Nashua river, surrounded by ample grounds and stately trees, it is a home of rare attractions. Col. Pierce is still in the prime of active life, and his past record, as well as his present position, is a guarantee that he will ably and faithfully meet the responsibilities of the future. COL. MARTIN V. B. EDGERLY. BY H. H. METCALP. In these days of varying fortune in business life, and in this country espe- cially, where property is accumulated or lost more readily and frequently than in any other land, the beneficent nature of the institution of life assurance has come to be very generally appreciated. This institution, which, so far as its gene- ral establishment is concerned, is peculiarly an American one, is indeed a natural outgrowth of our social and business system, and is coming to be more fully recog- nized, from year to year, in one form or another, as the only medium through which men in general business, or most of the avocations of life, may make sub- stantially sure provision for the support of their families or those depending upon them, in case of their own removal by death before acquiring a compe- tency, or after the loss of the same through business reverses or adventitious circumstances. The man who stands before the public as a leading representa- tive of an institution of such importance becomes properly a person of note in the business community ; and when he is endowed with those powers and quali- ties of mind which naturally bring him into prominence in social and political circles and the general activities of life, he may well be classed among those who are esteemed representative men of the times in the state and section wherein he resides, and which is the field of his active labor. Such a man is the subject of this sketch. Martin Van Bjren Eduerly is a native of the town of Barnstead, — a town, by the way, which has sent out its productions into the world in the form of able, energetic men, — men of strong minds in strong bodies, who have made their mark in the world, and stand at the front in the various fields of activity in which they have engaged. In the domain of law, of theology, of politics, and of general business, the sons of Barnstead hold high rank, as is abundantly demon- strated by reference to the names of Lewis W. Clark, Bev. Alonzo H. Quint, John G. Sinclair, and John P. Newell. Mr. Edgerly was the fifth of nine children — five sons and four daughters — of Samuel J. and Eliza (Bickford) Kdgerly, born Septeml)er "IG, lS?>,i. Samuel J. Edgerly was a man of far more than ordinary intelligence and mental activity, who, but for the misfortune of disease, which impaired his physical jiowers in early life, would have become unquestionably a leading spirit in public affairs. As it was, he was recognized by all with whom he came in contact in life as a man of strong mind and decided character. He was a descendant, upon the maternal side, and was named in honor of that Col. Samuel Johnson who was one of the early settlers oi' the town of Northwood, and of whom it is said, in sketching the history of that town, that upon the first night of his aboch; within its limits he slept upon the ground between two rocks, with a (|uilt or ])iece of canvas for covering. When a lad of twelve years. Col. Edgerly removed with his i»arents to Man- chester. He attended the public schools for a time, but at an early age entered the service of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, being engaged at first in COL. MARTIN V. B. EDGERLY. 131 the mills and afterwards in the machine-shop ; hut, after several years, becoming dissatisfied with the dull routine of mechanical labor, and desirous of testing his powers in the field of business, in October, 1856, at the age of twenty-three, he embarked in trade as a joint proprietor of a drug-store with Mr. Lewis H. Parker. He was thus engaged but a short time, however, removing the following year to the town of Pittsfield, where he soon established himself in the insurance business, taking the agency of various companies, fire and life. This, it may be truly said, was the actual starting point in his career. He found in this business a field of labor congenial to his tastes, and peculiarly adapted to the develoj)ment and exercise of the distinctive powers of mind and body with which he is endowed ; and he entered into his wiu'k with heart and soul. He was not long in discovering the si)ecial line of effort to which he was best adapted, and which gave the best promise of substantial success in resjMjnse to such effort ; nor were the managers of the business in question long in ascertaining, from the character of the work already accomplished, the direction in which their own advantage lay; and so it came about in a short time, that after a visit to the company's office in Springfield, made upon the solicitation of the president. Col. Edgerly became exclusively the agent of the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany, relinquishing all other agencies, and devoting his entire eiforts to the inter- ests of the company. So thorough and satisfactory was the work which he accomplished, that a year later he was given the general agency of the company for the state of New Hampshire, with headquarters at jNIanchester, to which city he removed with his family, when, in 18G3, he was given charge of the business for Vermont and northern New York in addition to this state. Tnder his efficient management and supervision the business of the company increased to a remarkable degree in the entire territory of which he had control, until the net annual receipts in premiums upon new policies, in New Hampshire alone, had risen from substan- tially nothing in 1859, when he first commenced work, to nearly seventy-five thousand dollars in 1866, representing the proceeds from the issue of a thousand policies, covering an aggregate insurance of more than a million and a half of dollars. This remarkable success was due, not simply to the work of personal solicitation, in which line Col. Edgerly has no superiors, but more especially to the keen discernment and ready knowledge of men with which he is endowed, enabling him to select proper agents and judiciously supervise their work. In 1868 he accepted the position of superintendent of the company's agencies throughout the country. For two years he labored as none but a physi- cally robust and mentally active man can, establishing agencies and working up the business of the company throughout the West, while retaining and directing his own special work in the East. This double labor was too arduous, even for a man of his powers, and in 1870 he resigned the position of superintendent, and confined his work to his former field in New Hampshire, Vermont, and northern New York. In September, 1874, however, he was induced to accept charge of the company's agency in Boston, in addition to his other duties, and since that date he has divided his time and hibor between the two positions, efficiently direct- ing the work of both, and largely increasing the business at the Boston office. In January last he was made a member of the board of directors of the company which he has so long and faithfully served, and which owes its prosperity, in no small degree, to his intelligent efforts. Col. Edgei-ly has been a Democrat from youth, and has ever manifested a lively interest in political affairs, although he has had neither the time nor incli- nation to enter, to any extent, upon the duties of public position, even had it been in the power of his party to confer the same. He has, however, in such 132 COI.. MARTIN V. B. EJ)CIERLY. time as he was able to command, done a great deal of party work in diflFerent cam- paigns; and in 1874 was elected a member of the board of aldermen, although his ward was strongly Kepublican at the time, thus demonstrating his personal popularity and the esteem in which he is held in the community where he re- sides. He has fre(juently served as a member of the Democratic state commit- tee, and as treasurer of the same, and a member of the executive committee ; also, as chairman of the Democratic city committee in Manchester. He was a delegate from New Hampshire to the Democratic national convention at Balti- more, in 1872, which nominated Horace Greeley for the presidency, and was the New Hampshire member of the Democratic national committee from 1872 to 1876. Again, in 1880, he was chosen a delegate-at-large to the national conven- tion of his party. Tn 1871 he was appointed, by (rov. Weston, chief of staif ; and in 1873 and 1874 he held the position of commander of the Amoskeag Veterans, of which organization he has long been an active and popular member. In 1874 he was appointed, by President Grant, an alternate commissioner to represent New Hampshire at the centennial exposition and celebration in Philadelphia. Actively and closely as he has been engaged in his chosen line of business. Col. Edgerly has lent his aid and judgment to some extent to the encouragement and direction of other business enterprises. He has been many years a trustee of the Merrimack River Savings Bank and a director of the Suncook Valley Railroad, of which latter enterprise he was among the active promoters. He was also, for a time, a director of the City National Bank. In his religious asso- ciations he is an Episcopalian, and is an active member and officer of Grace church in Manchester. He is also a member of the Odd Fellows and Masonic bodies in the city of his residence. March 7, 1854, Col. Edgerly was united in marriage with Miss Alvina Bar- ney of Danbury, by whom he has had three children, two of whom are now liv- ing, a son and daughter, — Clinton Johnson, born December IG, 1857, and Mabel Clayton, born October 18, 1859. Col. Edgerly is a man of fine personal appearance, genial manners, and a ready appreciation of the demands of friendship and society, as well as those of business. There are few men of greater personal popularity in his city or state, and none who command more fully the confidence of those with whom they are brought into relationship, whether in business or in social life. Yet under fifty years of age, he has, it may naturally be assumed, many years of successful effort yet before him, and many more in which to enjoy the substantial reward of his labor. ^s-^^^W""^ '-^i'i.st ^ At ^ ^—-^ ^^ (S M /^i iB ® E) © GOVSJRJ^OJ^ 02=" NEW IijU\--. HON. ICHABOD GOODWIN. BY FRANK GOODWIN. Mr. Goodwin is the eldest son of Samuel Goodwin and Nancy Thompson Gerrish, and was born in that part of Berwick which is now North Berwick, in the state of Maine. He is descended, on both father's and mother's side, from tamilies of very great colonial importance. The great-grandfather of JMr. Good- win, Capt. Ichabod Goodwin, is said, by the writer of the genealogy of the Berwick Goodwins, in the Historical Magazine, to have been the most remark- able man who ever lived in that town. He distinguished himself at the battle of Ticouderoga, and we learn from the IjomJon Magazine that he was especially mentioned in Maj.-Gen. Abercrombie's report to Secretary Pitt. On his father's side, his ancestors figured conspicuously in the wars before the Revolution, and up to the period of the Revolution were of the families upon whom devolved the magisterial work and honor of the times. On his mother's side he is likewise descended from families which for a century, and up to the time of the Revolution, performed a large share of the duties of public office ; and some of the most conspicuous names in the colonial history of Maine and New Hampshire are to be counted among his maternal ancestors. To mention the names of Champernoun, Waldron, and Elliot, none more familiar to those informed upon colonial history, is but to recall the persons from whom, on the maternal side, he is lineally descended, or with whom his maternal ancestors were closely allied by ties of family connection. The aute-revolution- ary importance of the people from whom he comes is well illustrated by the fact that the name of his maternal grandfather, Joseph Gerrish, stands first on the triennial catalogue of Harvard College in the list of gniduates of the year 1752, a class which numbered a Quincy among its graduating members. The signifi- cance of this fact, as bearing upon the status of his mother's family at that time, is, that the names of the members of the classes of that day are publishetl in the triennial catalogue of Harvard in the order of the social importance of the fami- lies to which the members respectively belonged. At the time of Mr. Goodwin's birth, which was just before the beginning of the present century, the state of things which the iievolution had brought about had had ample time to crystallize. Whether it was through the great changes that under the new order of things had taken place in the political, social, and commercial affairs of the country, or whether from those inherent causes under the operation of which families conspicuous and infliu'ntial in one period drop out of notice and are lost to tht' eye of the historian, the annalist, and perhaj)s even of the town chronicler, Mr. Goodwin's family, at the time of his birth, were simply plain farming people, highly respected within the limits of the little country town in which they lived, but no longer among the noted, or influential, or wealthy people of Maine. The country had, by the close of the last century, taken a considerable stride onward in prosperity as well as in numerical growth, and the bustle and hum of industry, pouring itself into new channels of pros- 134 HON. ICHABOD GOODWIN. perity, liad passed by many of the families wliich in the earlier era had been the foremost in developing the resources of the country, in leading the yeomanry in war, in presiding over the tribunals, and sitting in council as civic magistrates. Mr. (roodwin's academic education consisted of several years of study at the academy at South Berwick, an institution having at that time a good deal of local importance, and then, as now, the only school in the vicinity of his birth- place where a fitting for college could be obtained. Shortly after leaving that academy he entered the counting-house of Samuel Lord, Esq., then a very prominent merchant and ship-owner of Portsmouth, N. H., and he became a member of Mr. Lords family. He here displayed qualities which had been quite conspicuous in his earlier boyhood, — those of energy and assiduity and a very marked capacity for affairs. These qualities, which at the early age of twelve had made him quite a competent and satisfactory manager of the farm of his widowed step-grandmother, who was the grandmother of Mr. Lord, showed later in his conduct as a clerk in the commercial business of the then very thriving shipping port of Portsmouth. Mr. Lord, finding that Mr. Goodwin's business abilities were more comprehensive than the mere duties of a clerk requii'ed, placed him as a supercargo in charge of the business of what was then the largest ship owned in the port, the " Elizabeth Wilson.'" In the present days of railroads, sea-going steamers, oceanic cables, and the commercial complement of these for- eign correspondents or agents, it may seem a trivial sign of a young man's capaci- ties to name the fact of his being made the business manager of a ship, especially as ships then went in regard to size ; but it is the introduction of these very modern appliances for conducting business which has rendered the responsibility of the delegated management of this species of propei'ty comparatively easy. In the days of Mr. Goodwin's early voyaging, the whole discretion as to the conduct of the ship's aifairs was vested in the supercargo, except in the brief period of her being in the home port, when the owner resumed his authority and control. In foreign places, among strangers, beyond the reach of opportunity for consul- tation with his owner, the young man must rely upon himself ; must decide upon what voyage his ship shall go, and must be ready to account to his principal upon his return for the results of a prosperous enterprise or a disastrous adventure. It was not long before Mr. ( roodwin had learned enough of seamanship to enable him to add to the duties of the supercargo the further business of navigating his ship, so that for several years he was both ship-master and business manager, offices then, as now, rarely combined in one person ; for the ship-master is to-day chiefly the navigator and head seaman of his ship, while the business, involving the chartering and the rest, is attended to by a merchant in the port of destina- tion, who is in ready communication with the owner, both by the fast-going mail of the steamship and the quicker method of the ocean cable. Mr. (Joodwin's sea life lasted for about twelve years. During that time he had been so far suc- cessful as to Ijecome a part owner, and to be enabled to begin business at home. In the year 1832 he established himself as amerchant at Portsmouth. Ports- mouth has been his home ever since that time ; and there he for many years conducted an extensive mercantile business, his chief business interests lying in the direction of the foreign carrying-trade. Upon leaving the sea he soon became foremost in matters that were of public concern. He was one of the early projectors of the railroad interests of New England; and, until within a few years, he has taken a large ]iart in all the enterprises of public import in the vicinity of his home, including, besides railroads, the enterprises of manu- facturing and banking; and he has been vested always with a large share of the local trusts, both public and private, which devolve upon the public-spirited and trusted citizen. He has of late years been inclined to withdraw from these responsibilities ; but of those which he still retains, the presidency of the HOX. ICHABOD GOODWIN. 185 Howard Benevolent Society, a position he has held for over thirty years, and the {)residency of the Portsmouth Brid<^e Company may be mentioned. He has, however, witliin the last two years, assumed tlie presidency of the First Na- tional Bank of Portsmouth, in which he is largely interested as a stockholder, and in which institution he had been a director from its incorporation as a state bank. He was for many years and at diflferent periods a director in the Eastern Kailroad Company, and was the first president of the Eastern Kailroad in New Hampshire, which position he held for twenty-five years. He was also of the first board of direction of the Portland. Saco, & Portsmouth Railroad Com- pany, and was the president of that corporation from the year 1847 to the year • 1871. But it is unnecessary to mention all the public trusts of a corporate nature which have been confided to his care. His chief claim to public esteem, and that which will secure to him its most enduring recognition, is derived from his services as the first " war governor" of New Hampshire. Upon Mr. (loodwin's settling as a business man in Portsmouth, he did not con- fine his en-rgies to his private business and to corporate enterprises, but soon acquired a large interest and influence as a member of the Whig party. He served in the legislature of New Hampshire, as a member of that party, in the years 1838, 1843, 1844, 1850, 1854, and 1856. He was also a delegate-at-large from that state to the conventions at which Clay, Taylor, and Scott were nomi- nated by the Whigs for the presidency, and was a vice-president at the first two named conventions ; and he has twice served in the constitutional conventions of New Hampshire. He was the candidate of the Whigs for congress at several elections before the state was divided into congressional districts. New Hamp- shire was in those days one of the most powerful str(jngholds of the Democratic party in the country ; and a Whig nomination for any office, determined by the suffrages of the whole state, was merely a tribute of esteem by that party to one of its most honored members. Upon the establishment of congressional dis- tricts, Mr. (rood win received a unanimous nomination of the Whig party for congress at the first convention held in his district. This nomination bid fair to be followed by an election, but the circumstances of his private business pre- vented his acceptance of the candidateship. In the great political convulsions which preceded the war of the rebellion, the power of the Democratic party in New Hampshire began to decline, while the ties which through years of almost steady defeat in the state at large had been sufficient to hold together the Whig party, now came to be loosened, and out of the decadence of the former and the extinction of the latter party there was built up the llepublican party, which gained the supremacy in the state, and which has ever since, with a brief excep- tion, maintained that supremacy. Mr. Uoodwin, while in full sympathy with the cause of the Union, which he believed the politicians of the South were striving to dismember, yet felt that perhaps the impending crisis could be arrested through the means of the old political organizations ; and he remained steadfast to the organization of the Whig party until he saw that its usefulness, both as a state and as a national party, was gone. He was the last candidate of the Whigs for the office of governor of New Hampshire, and received in the whole state the meager amount of about two thousand votes. This lesson did not require to be repeated. He immediately did all in his power to aid in the establishment of the Republican party in this state ; for, although the old-time issues between the Democrats and Whigs had gone by, and new questions had arisen involving the very integrity of the nation, he did not regard the Demo- cratic party as one capable of solving or disj)osed to solve those questions in a patriotic and statesmanlike way. He was chosen the governor of New Hamp- shire, as the Republican candidate, in the year 1859, and was re-elected in the following year, his second term of office having expired on June 5, 1861. 136 ho:n". ichabod good win. The military spirit of the people of New Hampshire had become dormant, and the militia system of the state had fallen pretty much to decay long before the election of Mr. (loodwin to the office of governor. A slight revival of that spirit, perhaps, is marked by the organization in his honor, in January, 1860, of the "Governor's Horse-Guards," — a regiment of cavalry in brilliant uni- form, designed to do escort duty to the governor, — as well as by a field muster of several voluntary organizations of troops which went into camp at Nashua in the same year. But when the call of President Lincoln for troops was made, in the spring of 1861, the very foundation of a military system required to be formed. The legislature was not in session, and would not convene, except under a special call, until the following June. There were no funds in the treasury which could be devoted to the expense of the organization and equipment of troops, as all the available funds were needed to meet the ordinary state expenditures. The great confidence of the people of New Hampshire in the wisdom and integrity of Mr. (roodwin found in this emergency full expression. Without requiring time to convene the legislature so as to obtain the security of the state for the loan, the banking institutions and citizens of the state tendered him the sum of $680,000, for the purpose of enabling him to raise and equip for the field New Hampshire's (juota of troops. This offer he gladly accepted ; and averting delay in the pro- ceedings by refraining from convening the legislature, he, upon his own respon- sibility, proceeded to organize and equip troops for the field ; and in less than two months he had dispatched to the army, near Washington, two well equipped and well officered regiments. Of this sum of $680,000, only about $100,000 was expended. On the assembling of the legislature, that body unanimously passed the "enabling act,"' under which all of his proceedings as governor were ratified, and the state made to assume the responsibility. During the period of this gubernatorial service, there was a reconstruction of the bench of the highest judicial tribunal of the state ; and during that time nearly every position upon that court was filled by his appointment. It is suffi- cient to say that the exalted rank which that tribunal has ever held among the courts of last resort of the states of the nation, suff"ered no diminution from his appointments to its bench, such was the good sense and discernment of Mr. Goodwin in making the selections, although himself not versed in the law. "Waite's History of New Hampshire in the Rebellion" gays of him:- — " His administration ol' state aft'airs met with universal approval, and he left the office (that of governor) with the respect of all parties. As a member of the legislature and of the constitutional convention, he took a leading part on committees and in debate. His speeches were never made for show. He spoke only when there seemed to be occasion for it, and then always to the point, and was listened to with great respect and attention ; for his conservatism and prac- tical wisdom in all matters of public policy were well known. In all public posi- tions he has discharged his duties with fidelity, industry, and marked ability. As a citizen and business man he is public-spirited, liberal, high-minded, and enjoys the unbounded confidence and respect of all.'" Mr. Goodwin has always been noted for his kindness to young men, aiding them without stint, both with his purse and his advice in their business diffi- culties ; and he has ever been ready to extend to all his ownsmen who needed aid the assistance of his influence, his counsel, and his pecuniary means. In 1827, Mr. Cioodwin married Miss Sarah Parker Ilice, a daughter of Mr. William Rice, a wealthy and prosperous merchant of Portsmouth. Of seven children, one son and two daughters survive. ^'^X) ^2ty^ REV. WILLIAM COGSWI'LL, I). I). BY REV. E. O. JAMESON. William C(h!swell, the eldest of the four Cogswell brothers whose distin- guished lives are briefly sketched in this volume, was born June 5, 1787, in Atkinson, N. H. His ancestors were among the earliest settlers of Massachusetts, and persons of quality, piety, and distinction. His descent is from John Cogswell, who settled in Ipswich, Mass., in 1G35, and Giles Badger, who settled in Newbury, Mass., the same year. His parents were Dr. William and Judith (Badger) Cogswell, of Atkinson. His grandparents were Nathaniel and Judith (Badger) Cogswell, of Haver- hill, Mass., and (len. Joseph and Hannah (Pearson) Badger, of (iilmanton. His grandfiither, Nathaniel Cogswell, was the son of Lieut. John and Hannah (Goodhue) Cogswell, of Chebacco Parish, Ipswich, Mass. Lieut. John Cogswell was the son of William and Susannah Cogswell t)f the same place, and William Cogswell was the son of * John and Elizabeth ( Thompson ) Cogswell, who emigrated from Westbury, Wilts county, England, in 1G35, and settled in Ipswich, Mass. His grandfather. Gen. Jo.seph Badger, was the son of Joseph and Hannah (Peaslee) Badger, of Haverhill, Mass. Joseph Badger was the son of John, Jr., and Rebecca (Browne) Badger, of Newbury, Mass. John Badger, Jr., was the son of John and Elizabeth Badger of the same place ; and John Badger was the only son of (Hies and Elizabeth (Greenleaf ) Badger, immigrants to Newbury, Mass., in 1635. It may be said of his ancestry, in general, that they were a religious, intelli- gent, liberty-loving, and an enterprising people. By reason of ability, integrity, piety, and attainments, many of them have been called to positions of municipal, military, political, and ecclesiastical duty and eminence, and have excelled in the learned professions, in the halls of legislature, on the field of battle, and in the Christian pulpit. From such choice Puritan stock, having in his veins the blood of the Thompsons, the Greenleafs, the Brownes, the Goodhues, the Peaslees, and the Pearsons, as well as of the Cogswells and the Badgers, it is not strange that he and his no less eminent brothers should be found among the distinguished men whose portraits adorn and whose biographies fill the pages of this volume. William Cogswell was born only a few years after the victory of our great struggle for national existence and independence. His rural home was far up the side of one of New Hampshire's grand old hills, sloping southward and crowned with a New England meeting-house. He was born where he could breathe to heart's content the ])ure air of heaven, look oft" upon scenery of land- scape wide, varied, and grand. His early life was beneath the shadow of the best religious and educational institutions, which his father had been the prime * For full account of John Cogswell, whom tnulition calls " a prosperous London merchant," see "Cogswells in America," soon to be iiublished. 1» 138 EEV. WILLIAM COGSWELL, D. D. mover in establishing. In full sight of his early boyhoood's home was the acad- emy which said to country boys of those days, The door is open to you here to enter a college course and find your way into the learned professions. The lad heard the invitation, seized the opportunity, and eagerly pursued his preparatory studies at Atkinson Academy, then under the charge of John Vose, Esq. He entered the sophomore class of Dartmouth College in 1808, maintained a high rank of scholarship during his course, and was honorablv graduated in the class of 1811. Before entering college, William Cogswell received deep and abiding religious impressions which ripened into a personal religious experience, and during the vacation of his junior year, September 23, 1810, he made a public confession of faith and united with the Congregational church of his native town. After graduation from college he taught in the academy of his own town, in Essex, Mass., and was one year principal of the Hampton Academy. While teaching in Essex, Mass., he had, for a pupil in the classics, a lad some ten years of age, whose name was Rufus Choate. This Rufus Choate was heard of in later years. Meanwhile, occupied with teaching, Mr. Cogswell pursued somewhat his theological studies, having his eye on the Christian ministry. At the end of two years, he found that his labors in school and studies out of school had told seri- ously upon his health. Acting upon the advice of his physician and of his min- ister, he procured a good saddle-horse and a license to preach the gospel in destitute parts, and galloped off toward the northern wilderness of his native state, in eager pursuit of health and men's souls. In both these objects he was successful. He regained his health, and under his earnest presentation of the gospel a large number of persons were hopefully converted to Christ, and Christian institutions planted in the then spiritual wastes, which have since blos- somed as the rose and borne fruit to the glory of God. Upon his return, Mr. Cogswell completed his professional studies under the instruction of Rev. Daniel Dana, D. D., of Newburyport, and Rev. Samuel Worcester, D. D., of Salem, Mass. After preaching a few Sabbaths, he received a unanimous call to become the pastor of the South church in Dedham (now Norwood), Mass., which he accepted, and was ordained and installed over that church, April 26, 1815. At this time, Mr. Cogswell was twenty-seven years of age, a man of fine per- sonal bearing and manners ; his warm christian spirit and deep religious experience spoke in the very lineaments and expression of his open, intelligent, and winning countenance. His qualities of mind were the best, his education thorough, his grasp of truth vigorous, his views scriptural and discriminating, and his faith in Grod and Revelation implicit. His ministry in South Dedham lasted fourteen years, and was of unmeasured benefit to that church, at once stimulating to its religious life, educating to its members in scriptural doctrine, and successful in bringing men to receive the Lord Jesus Christ as their Saviour. Mr. Cogswell was a preacher whose clear-cut statements, whose logical order, conclusiveness of argument, and persuasiveness of appeal made him a power in the Christian pulpit. Quite a number of his sermons were requested for publication by his congregation ; and in those days when the printing of a sermon meant that it was something of rare merit. He had been settled in South Dedham some three years, when he married, Nov. 11, 1818, Miss Joanna Strong, the youngest daughter of the then late Rev. Jonathan Strong, I). D., of Randolph, Mass. In 1829, being urgently called to important services in connection with the American Education Society, to the regret of his people and with personal reluc- tance, he resigned his pastorate to enter upon these new duties ; and, accord- ingly, was dismissed December 15, 1829, and i-emoved to Boston, where he resided KEY. WILLIAM COGSWELL, D. T). 139 for some years. So important were his labors and so successful in this new field of effort, that January -5, 18:52, ho was chosen, with great enthusiasm, to sue- eeetl Dr. Cornelius to the secretaryship of the society, which office he filled with fidelity and acceptance until he resigned in 1841 to accept a professorship in Dartmouth (.'ollege. In 18HH. Mr. Cogswell received from Williums College the degree of Doctor (if Divinity, and in ISIiT was chosen one of the trustees of Andover Theologiccd Seminary. He removed to Hanover, N. H.. and entered upon his duties lu* professor of National Kducation and History in Dartmouth College. This position he resigned in 1844 to accept the presidency and profes- sorship of Christian Theology in the Gilmanton Theological Seminary. Rev. Dr. Cogswell for many years had been engaged in editorial work, and was much interested in historical and genealogical researches. In 184(5 he retired from his connection with the seminary, about to be discontinued, and gave him- self exclusively to literary pursuits, except that he usually preached on the Sab- bath. In the few remaining years of his life he performed a viust amount of lit- erary labor, and became known very widely, and was honored with a membership in nearly all the historical societies in this country and in Europe. Rev. Dr. Cogswell })ublished several works, viz. : a Catechism on the Doc- trines and Duties of Religion ; a Manual of Theology and Devotions; the Theo- logical Class Book ; the Christian Philanthropist ; and Letters to Young Men Preparing for the Christian Ministry. All these works passed through several edi- tions. His published editorial works were: Four vols, of the American Quarterly Kegister, 1 8)57-1 841 ; New Hampshire Repository, 2 vols. ; the New England Historical and Grenealogical Register, vol. I.; New Hampshire Historical Collec- tions, vol. VI. He published, also, various miscellaneous writings. RcA'. Dr. Williimi and Joanna (Strong) Cogswell had four children. The eldest, a daughter, died in infancy. William Strong Cogswell was born in South Dedham, April 11, 1828, and died April G, 1848, at the age of twenty years. He was a young man of rare ability and brilliant promise. At the time of his death he was a member of the senior class in Dartmouth College. Mary Joanna Cogswell was born June G, 18;J2, in Boston, Mass. She grad- uated at Gilmanton Academy in 1851 ; married, September 20, 1858, Rev. E. 0. Jameson, who is now (1882) pastor of the First Church of Christ, in Medway, Mass. Caroline Strong Cogswell, the youngest child of Rev. Dr. Cogswell, was born June 3, 1840, in Boston, Ma.ss. She was educated at Gilmanton Academy and Holyoke Female Seminary, and has been a successful teacher in the public schools. Rev. Dr. Cogswell, at length, under the taxing pressure of a busy editorial service, and crushed by the great loss of his only and very promising son, found his health giving way, his usual vigor forsaking him, and it became only too evi- dent that the end of his earthly life was approaching. He continued, however, to accomplish more or less literary work, even up to the last few days before his death, which occurred April 18, 1850. The funeral service was on the following Sabbath, conducted by Rev. Daniel Lancaster, who preached a memorial discourse which was subsetjuently published. Rev. Dr. Cogswell's life was eminently l>usy, laborious, self-sacrificing, and honored. His earthly work was faithfully and nobly done ; his death triumphant, and heavenly reward sure. JEREMIAH W. WHITE, ESQ. BY HON. JOHN II. C400DALE. On the head-waters of Suncook river, in the central region of New Hamp- shire, is the town of Pittsfield. It is limited in extent, undulating in surface, rich in the quality of its soil. Its earliest settlers were sturdy farmers, men and women who from infancy had been accustomed to the hardships and priva- tions of pioneer life. Among these settlers was Josiah White, who, with his wife of Scottish origin, in the spring of 1775 took up his abode in the outskirts of an unbroken forest. Years of hard labor followed, which at length brought to him and his family the comforts of a rural home. Of his sons, Jeremiah White, the father of the subject of this sketch, succeeded to the homestead. He was born March 4, 1775, and, passing his life amid the scenes of his earlier days, died December 5, 1848. He is still remembered by the older residents of Pittsfield as a citizen who was useful, influential, and respected. Of great personal activity and tact in business, genial and generous, an enterprising farmer of the old school, a safe and sagacious adviser, his departure left a place difficult to fill in the business affairs of the vicinity. Jeremiah Wilson White was born in Pittsfield, Ssptember 16, 1821. The active habits and pure atmosphere of his early rural life laid the foundation of a sound physical constitution. His opi)ortunities for education during child- hood were limited to a few months at a distant district school. At the age of fifteen he entered the Pittsfield academy, under the instruction of James F. Joy, a graduate of Dartmouth, and in later years well known as president of the Michigan Central Railroad. Pittsfield village had a thrifty and vigorous popula- tion, and among her ambitious and talented young men were several who have since been conspicuous in public life. ( )ne became United States senator ; three, judges of the supreme court in their respective states ; and one, founder of the system of public instruction now in successful operation on the Pacific coast. Remaining at the academy two and a half years, Mr. White, then in his seven- teenth year, decided to prepare himself for mercantile and active business life. Adopting the plan which ajtpeared most feasible, he went to Boston, and entered upon an apprenticeship in a drug-store. Forty years ago a mercantile appren- ticeship in that city was not a sinecure position. But the young man was not averse to toil, and by assiduous and systematic attention to his duties was pre- paring the way for future success. Added to his other duties he began the study of medicine in all its branches, and continued it for several years after, until he was qualified for, and, if occasion had required, could have entered upon, professional service. Finishing his engagement at Boston, he engaged as clerk to Luther Angier, postnuister and druggist at Medford, Mass., with the agreement that with proper notice he could leave to engage in business for himself. Early in the summer of 1845, Mr. White believed that that time had arrived. He had never visited JEKEMIAH W. WHITE, ESQ. 141 Nashua, but had heard of its reputation as a growing manufacturing town. A few hours' inspection settled the question, and before leaving he hired the store which he afterwards occupied for nearly thirty years. Mr. White, in engaging in trade for himself in Nashua, was aware that a young man and a stranger must encounter severe difficulties in entering upon mercantile life. Many before him had succumbed to the obstacles which he was now to encounter. He did not hesitate. Laying out his plan of business, he examined into the most minute details of its management. He wtis never idle. No man was more thorough and painstaking in the discharge of obligations to his customers. His labors often extended far into the night. In fact, he lived in labor, and thought no plan complete till its execution was secured. With these habits added to sound l)usiness judgment and foresight and a rare knowl- edge of mtn, the rectrd of the business life of Mr. White has been an uninter- rupted success ; and it is in this department of consistent and persistent effort that his example is worthy of imitation. In many of the business enterprises of Nashua, Mr. White has taken an ac- tive, and in some of them a prominent, part. Engaging in the transportation and sale of coal on his arrival, he has always been the leading dealer in the trade. After the close of the war he originated the project of, and gave his attention to, the construction of the large block of stores on Main street, known as the •• Merchants' Exchange," retaining for himself and son the corner store, which he still occupies. Early in 1875 he conceived the idea of establishing a new national bank, and in the April following obtained a charter. The people of Nashua and vicinity believing in his financial ability immediately .subscribed for the .stock and elected him president, a position he continues to hold to the satis- faction of the stockholders, and the advantage of the institution. In addition to the presidency of the Second National Bank, Mr. White is now recognized by the public as a sagacious and influential railroad manager. Since 1876 he has been prominently connected with the affairs of the Nashua tt Lowell Railroad as a director and large stockholder. For many years this road had been connected with and used by the Boston & Lowell Railroad cor- poration, and, as Mr. White clearly saw, on terms greatly disadvantageous to the stockholders of the Nashua & Lowell company. The stock had gradually de- clined much below par. To resist so great and powerful a corporation required pluck and energy. To be successful against such odds demanded a leader daring, prompt, aggressive. Mr. White was the man for the emergency. How well his measures succeeded is realized not only by every stockholder, but in all railroad circles throughout New England. In the transaction of business, Mr. White is not only methodical but positive. He reaches his conclusions quickly and acts upon them with the utmost direct- ness. Having decided upon a measure he engages in it with all his might, bend- ing all his efforts to make sure of the desired end. Selecting his agents, he accomplishes the whole work while many Avould be halting to determine whether the project was feasible. A man of so pronounced opinions and prompt action naturally makes some enemies ; but he has no opponents who do not accord to bim the credit of an open and honorable warfare. In a word, he is essentially a business man in the full sen.se of that term. Not only in occupation, hut in taste and aptitude, he is a representative of that class of American citizens who have won a world-wide reputation for practical sagacity, enterpri.se, and thrift. Mr. White is in no sense of the word a party politician. Of Whig antece- dents, his first vote was cast for Henry Clay, in 1844, for president. Before leaving his native town his liberal tendencies had been quickened by witnessing the unwarranted arrest, in the pulpit, of Rev. George Storrs, who was about to deliver the first anti-slavery lecture in Pittsfield. The event justly occasioned an 142 JEREMIAH W. WHITE, ESQ. unusual excitement, and was the beginning of tliat agitation which reached every town and hamlet in the Union. Since the organization of the Republican party, Mr. White has supported it in all national issues ; but is one of the independent thinkers who does not hesi- tate to exercise "the divine right of bolting" when unfit men are put in nomination. In the winter of 1861, Mr. White and his family left on a southern trip, and reached Charleston, S. C, the last of February, not long after the United States troops under Maj. Anderson were shut up in Fort Sumter by the rebel forces. Mr. White had letters of introduction to several citizens of the city high in au- thority, who received him kindly, and, learning that he was a business man and not a politician, were anxious to learn from him the state of feeling among the business men and the middle class of citizens at the North. While the state- ments of Mr. White were far from gratifying, they continued their friendly rela- tions. Previously he had written to his friend, Capt. John G. Foster, second in command at Fort Sumter, of his intended tarry at Charleston. He was now desirous of an interview with him. Applying to the Confederate authorities for a pass to Fort Sumter, it was granted him, — a privilege not allowed to any other civilian during the siege. On the following day, March 5, he went on the steamer Clinch to Fort John- son, to which point Maj. Anderson was allowed to send his boat under a flag of truce for the daily mail. Here a new obstacle was encountered, for the boat was forbidden by Maj. Anderson to bring any person to the fort. But, with the restriction that he should remain outside with the boat till Captain Foster could be notified, he was permitted to go. The interview was a great surprise as well as gratification. Reaching Washington before the bombardment of Fort Sumter and the beginning of actual hostilities, Mr. White was taken to the war department and interviewed by Gen. Scott as to the determination and strength of the Confederate force at Charleston. Mr. White thought it would require a force of ten thousand men to relieve Fort Sumter, and said so. Gen. Scott laughed heartily, and told him that two thousand men would be ample for the purpose. In com- mon with the most of the leading men at the capital, Gen. Scott underestimated the pluck and strength of the rebels. Soon after, when Jay Cooke was appointed government agent to negotiate the war loans, Mr. White received the appoint- ment of agent for Nashua and and vicinity. In 1846, the year after coming to Nashua, Mr. White was united in marriage with Miss Caroline G. Merrill, oldest daughter of Caleb Merrill, Esq., of his native town. The marriage was a fortunate and happy one. The young wife was endowed with scholarly and refined attainments, qualifying her for the enjoyment of social and domestic life. Added to this, she possessed a sound and discriminating judgment on which her husband could safely rely. No transaction of any magnitude was entered upon without securing her approval. Many of his best and most sagacious moves in business were made at her suggestion. Of their two children, the eldest, Caroline Wilson, died in infancy. The son, James Wilson White, born June 10, 1849. fell a victim to the prevailing disease of this climate, and died in Florida, January 27, 1876. Mrs. White, having sur- vived her children, died suddenly of apoplexy in 1880. Her memory is cherished by many who knew her worth. In April, 1881, Mr. White was married the second time to Mrs. Ann M. Prichard, of Bradford, Vt., an educated and accomplished lady and the sister of his first wife. His residence, at the corner of Pearl and Cottage streets, com- bines the elements of modesty, taste, and comfort, and is the abode of a happy home circle. HON. EDWARD ASHTON ROLLINS. BY PROF. E. D. SANBORN. Thf early settlers of New Hampshire were of pure English origin. _ They possessed that "large, roundabout coxumon sense" which John Locke ascribes to the Encrlish people. A few leading families planted the first colonies, founded the state, and ruled it for more than a century. The Rollins family held a prominent place among the settlers of southern New Hampshire. James Kollms, the ancestor of most of the men who have borne tliat name in the state, came to this country as early as 1032, and finally settled in Dover. , . „ , The name Kollins, or Rawlings, is very ancient and honorable in England. Its ori-in is variously explained 'by anti.piarians, but it can very naturally be traced to Hollo, who con.iuered Ncirmandy and made it a kingdom, A. !>■ S^»l-- William the Conipieror was the seventh in descent from the brave hero of fecan- dinavia The descendants of Hollo followed in the train of the Conqueror, and were afterwards found in all parts of the United Kingdom. All the different families had n-arly the same coat of arms, each indicative of their martial origin. The escutcheon i's a shield with three swords in the center, and above it a human arm holding a fourth. The history of the race reveals their licroism, ener.>-y, and perseverance. The name we have chosen to illustrate re})resents a geniun'e scion of tlie old tree which for nine hundred years has drawn its vitality from the Scandinavian stock. Having said enougli to show that Rollins is com- posed of the Northman name " Hollo," and the Saxon "ing, ' meaning child or descendant, we will speak briefly of the early life of the subject of this sketch. Edward Ashton Rollins was born in Wakefield, December 8, 1828. At the a<^e of s-ven, his father, Hon. Daniel (r. Rollins, removed to Great Falls, a vilhuTc of Somm-sworth, and during much of his life was in public office. He was repeatedly elected to the le-islature of New Hampshire, was for many years ind..v of i)ro))ate for Strafford county, till he reached the age of seventy years, which, bv law, terminated that office; he was also, for many years, president of the Great Falls ct Gonway Railroad Company. In all his official relations he aciuittcd himself with unsullied integrity. His son, Kdward Ashton, was, therefore, trained to know the relations and duties of a business man. His fathers example was his pole star. With his eye fixed on that, and with the inherited virtues of industry, energy, and prudence, he could scarcely go astray. He studied both l)ooks and men. The common school promoted his native love of learning, and occupied his youthful days. For a higher class of studies, he attended the academies of Rochester and Gilmanton. In 1847, at the age of nineteen, he entered Dartmouth College. He immediately received the place for which he was fitted bv nature and culture. His character for sobriety, earnest- ness, and devotion to dutv was already formed, and, as the poet hath it, "charac- ter is destiny." The best men in tiu> class sought him as a companion. His teachers .saw and aided his love of learning. None made greater progress ; none were more highly esteemed; none ranked above him. Those kindred virtues. 144 HON^. EDWARD ASIITON ROLLINS. industry, economy, integrity, and devotion, always attract watchful eyes and win loving hearts. The path of duty and honor often lies hid even to the wise and prudent. Cromwell said, in the height of his fame, " No man often advanceth higher than he who knoweth not whither he goeth." The threads that run through the weh of our life are carried by shuttles driven by an invisible but unerring hand. A little incident in the college life of Mr. Rollins illustrates this assertion. Walking one day with some college friends, he was met by President Lord, who, beckoning him to him, desired him to call at his study at a particular hour. This was the good doctor's usual method in summoning delinquents for discipline. The companions of Mr. Rollins rallied him upon his approaching interview ; but hear the result. With no little anxiety, he met the president at the hour named, who said to him: "I have received a request from a distinguished gentleman in Baltimore, desiring me to send to him a young gentleman of the first rank in scholarship and character to be the private tutor of his sons. I have concluded to offer the place to you." After consultation with father and mother, at home, he decided to go. He found a delightful home, and formed friendships which have lasted till this day, and essentially modified his whole public life and determined his occupations. In his friendships, he follows Shakespeare's advice : — " The friends thou hast, iinil tlieii- adiiptiuu tried, (iraiiple tlieiii to thy soul with liooks of steel." Classmates, teachers, preachers, and neighbors are remembered and reverenced according to their worth. They not only enjoy his hospitality, but, if over- taken by want or misfortune, share his purse. Old and faithful servants, too, are not forgotten. Mr. Rollins enjoys society; and in every social circle he gives more than he takes. He is the life of company ; conversation never flags when he is present. His humor plays like sunshine over the surface of society. If any one fails to make his contribution to the wants of the occasion, he is roused to duty by a merry sally of humor from Mr. Rollins ; and he is more likely to make himself than his neighbors the subject of his wit or satire. Like Charles Lamb, he holds the wires while others draw the sparks, which always move but never shock their feelings. Nobody is wounded, but all are animated. He can deliver an appropriate speech at any meeting in church or state, after dinner or after a session. The young and the old seek his company. Some of his warmest friends have been very aged men. The venerable Horace Binney lived to be ninety-six years of age, and he corresponded with Mr. Rollins till the last days of his long and useful life. Some of his letters deserve to be written in letters of gold, to be read and enjoyed by all lovers of truth, virtue, and religion. Rev. Dr. Barnes, also, kept up a neighborly intercourse with Mr. Rollins, by calls and letters, as long as he lived. Mr. Rollins's religious life was nourished by the notes and dis- courses of Albert Barnes, whom he loved as a spiritual father. P]very Christmas was sure to bring to the good doctor a reminder of this relation. To perpetuate home affections and keep alive a love of New England insti- tutions, in the winter of 1881, Mr. Rollins, with a few friends, formed a New England society in l^hiladelphia. Their first me(>ting was a distinguished suc- cess. The proceedings were published in pamphk^t form and were widely read. The speeches were wise and witty; that of Mr. Rollins, the first president, was full of pertinent allusions and ))atriotic sentiments. It was received with enthu- siastic ap])lause. His remarks, in the introduction of other orators, were beauti- fully adapted to the men and the occasion. HON. EDWARD ASIITOX ROLLINS. 145 The extent ami variety of Mr. Rollins's business relations make it impossi- ble to characterize them with brevity. Integrity and fair dealing have marked his whole career as lawyer, commissioner, })anker, and railroad manager. His motto is, " Live and let live."' The pecuniary interests of friend, neighbor, client, trader, relative, or stranger are never prejudiced by partisan opinions. An oppo- nent and friend stand, in business relations, on the same foundations. His large experience in money matters creates the ini])ression that he is a safe adviser in the purchase of stocks ; he is, therefore, often importuned to decide for others questions of investment. Where men are known to be honest and faithful in handling money, even strangers ask no other security for their property. Such is the law of association that binds together honest and honorable busi- ness men. Large pecuniary enterprises prosper in their hands, because they fear God and love justice and truth. Of every such man it is .said, " Whatsoever he doeth shall prosper." 80 God ordains. This title, '' /// ojfice," covers nearly the whole })rofessional life of Mr. Rollins. After six years of successful practice of the law, he was elected to the legislature of New Hampshire from Somersworth. He held this relation for three years ; during the last two, 1861 and 18(32, he was chosen speaker of the house. It was a period of great excitement, the very outbreak of the civil war. Though young and inexperienced, he acquitted himself with the highest credit to himself and honor to the state. At the close of this responsible and difficult work, he was appointed, by President Lincoln, cashier of the bureau of internal reve- nue ; and the next year, deputy commissioner of the same department. In 1805 he was made commissioner of internal revenue, one of the most respon- sible positions that any citizen of our country has ever been called to fill. The office was new, important, and burdensome. No finite mind could comprehend and control at once its multitudinous relations. Its net-work covered the whole terri- tory of the United States. The property of the entire country was subject to its inspection and taxation. More than a million of dollars, every day, were re- ceived into the treasury from six thousand agents, for whose official integrity the head of the department was responsible. In new cases, the commissioner was often obliged to act as law-maker, judge, and executive. The cases admitted of no delay. The safety of the state re((uired prompt decisions. The.se sprung up as intuitions. In his official report, made to congress in November, 1865, the commissioner says: " When it is recollected that the present generation only know by tradition or obsolete statutes that taxes have ever been imposed in this country on articles of thi'ir own manufacture, and the objects of internal traffic, or upon the various crafts and professions in which they were employed ; and when, too, it is considered that the revenue collected for a single year ending June ;](). 1865, anumnts to a sum nearly or quite e((ual to all the receipts of this government, from whatever sources, from its organization to the year 1812 ; and when it is further considered that this amount was contributed at a time when the commercial marine of the country had been nearly destroyed and more than a million of men had been withdrawn from the productive pursuits of life, — we may not only be justly proud that the material strength of the country has been fully equal to the burden, but that it has been borne so (|uietly and so willingly." This office was administered wi.sely and well, by Mr. Rollins, till March 8, 1861), when President (Jrant assumed the reins of government. Failing health then admonished him to retire from the distracting cares of the office of commissioner. At the time of its resignation, as many of his subordinate 'ifficials as could come together adopted resolutions of resjiect and confidence in honor of their head. The first resolution expresses the o])ini(ms of the whole country, including cabi- net officers and senators, as well as their own. It is thus written : — 146 HON. EDWARD ASHTON ROLLINS. " Resohvd, that the integrity, fidelity, abiUty. and untiring devotion to the duties of his office wliich Mr. Rollins has exhibited, have inspired in us feel- ings of profound respect for his sterling qualities as a man and an officer; and that we especially admire the genial disposition which he has uniformly mani- fested toward us, amid all the cares and perplexities of a difficult and a burden- some office, held, much of the time, under peculiarly trying circumstances." The remaining resolutions are cumulative of these expressions of confidence and esteem. No testimony could be more honorable to a well spent official life. The religious life of Mr. Rollins, from boyhood to age, has been as strongly marked as his official career. He believes in doing, not in seeming ; in practice, not in profession. He can speak as well as work for the truth. When the pastor needs help, he addresses the people. When the poor of the church or congrega^ tion need aid, he heads and carries the subscription paper. He has never lived in a place where he has not taught a Bible class; and worthy young men who have learned in his classes have often received promotion in business through his influence. He is always present at the stated meetings of the church. " Punctuality," says the old maxim, "is the essence of virtue." Mr. Rollins believed in the importance of punctuality ; therefore he was never missed from the place of duty. In college he was never absent or unprepared ; in office, in the bank, in public assemblies, the hours of business are promptly observed. In church, too, the times and places of worship are conscientiously observed, and if a delinquent neighbor, who has failed to be present when church affairs, temr poral or spiritual, were discussed, meets him on a subsequent day, he is care- fully questioned with regard to his health ! The family is the unit of the state, (xood families make good communities, good cities, and good nations. A single good family is a light shining in a dark place. The history of the world is the united histories of illustrious families. The history of the church is the history of holy men. The Scriptures record the deeds and words of the best men our earth has known. Eliminate from the Bible the actions and opinions of kings, prophets, and apostles, and the records of our race become unintelligible. When we find a faultless and worthy Chris- tian household, we do well to present it to the public for contemplation and imita- tion. One such household we venture to describe. Mr. Rollins's house is beautiful of situation, at the corner of Spruce and Fortieth streets, in West Philadelphia. Its liberal grounds, numerous trees, shrubs, and flowers make it very attractive to the eye of the stranger. When once introduced to the interior, every guest who has any music in his soul would be delighted to sing " Home, sweet Home" from early morn to dawy eve. Every room invites you to repose ; every picture that looks upon you from the walls bids you welcome. It is impos- sible for one who has enjoyed the hospitality of the house to describe it fully without encroaching upon th^ sacred privacy of domestic life. This house was long the home of the now sainted mother, who only a few months ago was bid- den to go up higher, and left the husband and children desolate. The house sjems like the shrine of a departed divinity. The furniture was of her selection, the walls and mantels were adorned by her handiwork ; and when changes or additions are now made to the internal conveniences of the home, the first ques- tion asked is, " What would mother choose if she could speak to us?" Her spirit seems still to hover over them. Sidney Smith said, " There can be no handsomer furniture than books." Every room, every nook and corner of the house, is furnished with new books. The room specially devoted to library uses has a selection of l)ooks in every department of reading, sufficient for the instruction and pleasure of any man of HON. EDWARD ASHTON ROLLINS. 147 refined taste and culture. Amid the thousands of volumes gathered, the most precious of them all to the family and their friends are two volumes written by Mrs. Rollins not long before her decease, entitled " New J^ngland Bygones" and '' Old-Time Child Life.'" To one born in New England seventy years ago, the pictures of New England scenes are inimitable ; they stir the blood of age like a trumpet. These books are the creations of true genius, and will live when all the contemporaries of this gifted woman are dead. Enough has been said to reveal the attractions of this delightful home. Every word has been dictated by a life-long friendship. The sterling qualities of the subject of this sketch constrained me to portray them, and the half has not been said. When the elders of the Jews were sent to Jesus by the Roman cen- turion to intercede for his sick servant, the highest commendation they could name was this: " For he loyeth our nation, and hath built us a synagogue.'' He was patriotic and religious; he feared (rod and loved his neighbor. So higher test of moral worth can be named. Let all public men be judged by this stand- ard ; and among them our good friend whom we have sketched, we doubt not, will hold a high rank. And if at any time the President of the United States should be seeking for a man for financial secretary who is honest, capable, and experienced, a multitude of voters would cry out, — Edward Ashton Rollins is the man ! VIRGIL C. OILMAN. Virgil Chase Oilman was born in Unity, Sullivan county, New Hamp- shire, May 5, 1827, and was the third of a family of eight children born to Emerson and Delia (Way) Gilnian. Emerson Gilman was the oldest son and the first of twelve children born to Stephen and Dorothy ( Clough ) Gilman, who were married September 5, 1793. This was his second marriage, he having married Anna Huntoon, by whom he had nine children, some of whom died in infancy. Stephen Gilman was a native of Kingston, and served as a cavalry officer in the war of the Kevolution. He was a descendant of Moses Gilman, who was one of three brothers, — Edward, John, and Moses, — ^ who emigrated from Hingham, England, early in the six- teenth century. In 1827, it was said : * " Edward Oilman's descendants are as numerous as the sands on the seashore. ^ There is hardly a state in the Union where they may not be found. The family have been in civil office from the time our colony became a royal province to the present time. John Gilman was one of the first coun- selors named in President Cutts's commission, and died in 1708. Col. Peter Gilman was one of the royal counselors in 1772. Hon. Nicholas Gilman was coun- selor in 1777 and 1778. Hon. John Gilman, in 1787; while the present ven- erable John Taylor Gilman was fourteen years, eleven in succession, our highly respected chief magistrate. His brother, Nicholas Gilman, was a member of the house of representatives in congress eight years, and in the national senate nine years. Our ecclesiastical annals have, also, Rev. Nicholas Gilman, Harvard Col- lege, 1724 ; and Pvev. Tristram Gilman, Harvard College, 1757, both respected clergymen and useful men." These words are quoted in substance from Mr. Lincoln's work. " If he had written forty years later" says the author of " The Gilman Family in England and America, "t •' he would have found the family still more numerous and many addi- tions would have been made to his list of prominent men bearing the Gilman name. The family of Gilmans is not one furnishing a few brilliant exceptions in a long list of commonplace names. Its members appear generally to have been remarkable for the quiet home virtues, and rather to have desired to be good citi- zens than men of great name. To an eminent degree they appear to have ob- tiiined the esteem and respect of those nearest to them, for sound judgment and sterling traits of character." Emerson Gilman followed the trade of clothier until the introduction of ma- cliinery supplanted the hand process, when he, after pursuing the business of farmer for a few years, removed to Lowell, Mass., in 1887, relying upon his strong and willing hands to find support for his large family and give his children the advantages of education which that city signally afibrded. ♦History of Hingham, Mass., by Solomon Lincoln. Jr. Farmer & Bro^vn, 1827. t Arthur Ciilman, A. M. Joel Munscll, Albany, 1869. /y?^o{ y (Q.. ^c/^^.ay7Ay VIRGIL C. OILMAN. 149 The subject of this sketch was then ten years old. and made fair progress through the several grades to the liigli school, with which his school-days ended. He removed to Nashua in 184;>. but it was not until 1S51 tluit he entered busi- ness on his own behalf, at which time he Ijecame associated with Messrs. Gage and Murray for the manufacture of printers' cards of all the various kinds, also fancy-colored, embossed, and marble papers, a new business in this country at that time, which business he followed successfully for twenty-one years, and until his close and unremitting application made it necessary for him to relinquish it for a more active out-door employment. Following a natural love for rural afi'airs, he was not long in possessing himself of a hundred-acres farm in the south part of the city, upon the Lowell road, which he greatly improved, and indulged to some extent in the usually expensive luxury of breeding Jersey cattle, trotting- horses, and Plymouth Kock fowls. He claims to have bred the finest and fastest gaited horse ever raised in New Ham])shire. Meantime, having realized the object sought, greatly improved health, and the office of treasurer of the Nashua Savings Bank becoming vacant by the resignation of Dr. K. Spalding, in 1S7G, he was elected to fill the vacancy, and still continues in this responsible position, with nearly two and a half millions of deposits committed to his watchful care and secure investment. Never coveting office, still he has rarely refused to perform his full share of duty in the various departments of labor and responsibility incident to city aifairs, from ward clerk to the mayor's chair, serving also as assessor, member of the board of education, and is now trustee of the public library, also its secretary and treasurer. To him Dartmouth College is indebted for the Gilman scholarship ; and the board of trustees of the Orphans' Home at Franklin finds in him an interested member. He is identified with the mechanical industries of the city, having a large interest in the Nashua Iron and Steel Company, and its local director ; also an owner and director in the Underbill Edge Tool Company, and Amoskeag Axe Company; also a director in the Indian Head National IJank. In military affairs actively he is unknown, his service having commenced and ended with the "Governor's Horse-Guards," enlisting as private in Co. B', and end- ing as major of the battalion. His interest, however, is kept alive by honorary membership of "City Guards" and "Foster Rifles." of his adopted city. His strong love for agricultural affairs led him to take an interest in our New Hampshire Agricultural Society, of whose board of trustees he was formerly a member, also one of the trustees of the New England Agricultural Society. He was a member of the legislature of 1879, serving as chairman of com- mittee on banks and taking a deep interest in the work of that session, and espe- cially zealous in opposition to the taxation of church pro])erty. At the present time he is the Republican senator of the Nashua district, and honored by the chairmanship of the leading committee of the senate, the judiciary, no member of the legal profession holding a seat in that body at this time. How well he discharged the duties of this responsible position those can testify who had busi- ness with the committee, or those who witnessed his unremitting application and conscientious decisions. Denominationally he is a Congregationalist, and a communicant with the First church, that was organized in 1685. An interest in its prosperity has induced him to serve as director of the society connected therewith many years, and of which he is now president, and treasurer of the Sabbath-school connected. It will thus be seen that the subject of this sketch fills many positions of responsi- bility and usefulness which bring no pecuniary reward, without ostentation, and no foul breath tarnishes his fair record. 150 VIRGIL O. OILMAN. Our state has among its many honored sons few whose energy, integrity, and discretion have won success in so many directions, and none who command more universal respect among all classes. In business, politics, and social and religious circles he has been and is a leader, whose triumphs shed their blessings far and wide. Few have done so much for Nashua. No one deserves better of the state. In 1850 he married Sarah Louisa, daughter of Gideon Newcomb, Esq., of Roxbury, by whom he had two children, — Harriet Louise, who married Charles W. Hoitt, an attorney-at-law in Nashua, and Alfred Emerson, who did not attain his second birthday. WILLIAM AMORY. William Amokv was born in Boston, Mass., June 15, 1804, and is the son of Thomas C. and Ilannali 11. ( Linzee) Aiuory. He was one of a family of four sons and four daughters, of whom three only — two sons and one daughter — survive. His father, a merchant of Boston, died in 1812 ; and seven years later his son, then but fifteen years of age, entered Harvard University. He spent four years there, and soon after went to Kurope to complete his education. He pursued in (Jermany the study of law and of general literature for u year and a half at the university in Gottingen, and for nine mouths at the university in Berlin. He occupied the subsecpient two years and a half in travel, and returned to Boston in July, 1830, after an absence of five years. There he pursued hia legal studies with Franklin Dexter and W. H. Gardiner, and in 1831 was admitted to the bar of Suffolk county, without, however, any intention of entering upon legal practice. In that year he was chosen treasurer of the Jackson Manufacturing Company, at Nashua, N. H., and began business as a manufacturer. Without experience, and yet with a mind which study had disciplined and knowledge of the world had made keen, with r«'markable energy and enterprise, he was eminently successful, and the Jackson company paid large and sure dividends for the eleven years he continued its treasurer. In 1837 he became the treasurer of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, an office which included at that time, when the plan of creating a city upon the Merrimack was just to be carried out, the responsi- bility and wisdom oi' a general manager of the company's interests, as well as the usual financial duties of a treasurer. He held that office from then till October, 187G ; was treasurer of the Stark Mills, with the exception of four years and a half, from its organization, in 1839, to 1876 ; was a director of the Manchester Mills, and its successor, the Manchester Print- Works, from the start, in 1839, till 1871 ; and has been a director of the Langdon Mills from its beginning, in 1800, and its president from 1874 to 1876. When Mr. Amory tendered his resigna- tion as treasurer of the Amoskeag company, the following complimentary reso- lutions were unanimously adopted by the stockholders : — " Resolved, That the stockholders of this corporation have heard with regret of the resignation of their treasurer, William Amory, Es(|. " That a continuous service of thirty-nine years demands from them an expression of their appreciation of his eminent success, not only in building up an unequaled and remunerative manufacturing establishment, but in founding the largest and one of the finest cities in the state. " For both these results they tender to him their hearty thanks, and desire to place this testimonial upon the records of the company." In seconding the motion to adopt the above resolutions, T. Jeflerson Coolidge, Esq., spoke as follows : — 152 WILLIAM AMOKY. " The best witness to the services of Mr. Amory as treasurer is the splendid condition of the Amoskeag company. He took it in its infancy, when it was poor. There was then but one mill of about eight thousand spindles. He leaves it, after forty years of success, with one hundred and thirty-seven thousand spindles, and more than two millions of quick capital. You have received in dividends, for forty -two years, an average of eleven per cent a year ; and, if to that is added the increase of the quick capital, the eom])any Vas earned fifteen per cent per annum, without taking into consideration the money spent on the ])lant. To put it in another light: a stockholder of one share, costing one thousand dollars, if he allowed com})ound interest at the rate he received on liis dividends, would find that his share liad been worth to liim eighty thousand dollars. " The mills themselves are equal, if not superior, to any in New England, and contain more than twenty acres of machinery floor ; and, although there are many mills in England and some here that are running more spindles, yet I believe the Amoskeag is the largest cotton-manufacturing establishment in either country ])roducing its" goods from the cotton in the bale, and turning them out actually finished for the market. '• 1 have said enough to show that no one can be more deserving of a vote of thanks than the retiring treasurer. Let us hope that he may be preserved for many years to aid in the counsels of the company, and to assist his successor in the arduous task that must fall to any man who takes a place which he has filled so long, so ably, and so successfully." Mr. Amory married, in January, 1888, Miss Anna P. G. Sears, daughter of David Sears, an eminent merchant of Boston, by whom he has had six children. of whom four survive. Mr. Amory is a man with whom, more than with almost any one else, Man- chester is closely identified, and to whose accurate foresight and comprehensive views a very large proportion of its beauty and success is due. To him, as the manager of the company which gave it its first impulses in life and has ever since assisted its growth, it owes in large measure its wide streets, its pleasant squares, and its beautiful cemetery. He has pursued a liberal policy, and deserves the city's gratitude. As the treasurer of the company, he has met with eminent suc- cess. A man of perfect honor and integrity, cautious and prudent, he has looked upon the funds in his possession as his only in trust, to be managed with the utmost care. Herein is to be found the secret of his success. Few men stand better than he in the business world of his native city, or elsewhere. A gentle- man of culture, of the utmost polish, with a very pleasing appearance, he enjoys the aff'ection and respect of many personal friends. ^ JOHN McDUFFEE. BY REV. ALONZO H. QUINT, D. D. To men of their own energetic stock, who, refusing all political preferment, have given comprehensive abilities, sterling integrity, and sagacious industry to the development of business, many New Hampshire towns owe an imperishable debt. John McDuffee's record is in the prosperity of Kochester. The name itself suggests that strong Scotch-Irish blood which endured the siege of Londonderry, in which were Mr. McDuifee's ancestors, John McDuffee and his wife, Martha, honored in tradition. John and Martha McDuffee had four sons, viz., Mansfield, Archibald, John, and Daniel. Mansfield went to London, England; the other three came, with their parents, to America in the emigration which gave Xew Hampshire the powerful stock of Derry and London- derry. John, the father of these sons, settled in Kochester in 1729, on land on the east side of the Cochecho river, adjoining Gonic lower falls, — the farm of eighty-five acres remaining without break in the family, and now owned by the subject of this article. The Rochester settler was, as just stated, the father of Daniel McDuff"ee, and also of Col. John McDuffee, — a gallant oflicer in the old French and Revolutionary Avars, lieutenant-colonel in Col. Poors regiment, — who, never marrying, adopted his brother Daniel's son John, and eventually made him his heir. John, the colonel's heir, was a farmer in good circumstances, married Abigail, daughter of Simon and Sarah (^Hamj Torr, and was father of John McDuflFee, the subject of this sketch, who was born on the farm once the colonel's, about a mile and a half from Rochester village, on the Dover road, December 6, 1803. Of course, while working on the farm more or less, he had, for five or more years, the advantage of a good school, kept at the village by " Master" Henry H. Orne (D. C. 1812), of severe discipline and good scholarship, who supple- mented the public school with a private one each autumn. Mr. (Jrne was a very successful teacher, and among the associates of John McDuffee in this school were Thomas C. Upham, Nathaniel Gr. L^pham. John P. Hale, and Noah Tibbetts. In 1818, at the age of fifteen, the boy entered Franklin Academy in Dover, the first day of its existence, Thomas E. Sawyer and Richard Kimball being among his associates, and Rev. Mr. Thayer being its principal. Here he fitted to enter college as sophomore, but returned home, and, at the age of eighteen, he went into the store of his uncle, John Grreenfield, at Rochester. It was a large country store, where everything was sold. After two years' experience, being only twenty years of age, he began the same business for himself on the same square ; was successful, and, after two years, took into partnership his uncle, Jonathan H. Torr. During this period he was commissioned postmaster of Rochester, being not of age when appointed, and he held this office until removed on Jackson's accession to the presidency. 11 154 JOHN McDUFFEE. In the spring of the year 1831 he went to Dover, and began the same busi- ness on a broader scale, first in the Perkins block, and, in the autumn, as the first tenant of the northern store in the new Watson block, on the Landing, Ira Christie his next southern neighbor. This locality, now at an end for such ])ur- poses, was then the place of business and offices. Steady success continued to reward his energy and industry ; but in February, 1883, selling to Andrew Pierce, Jr.. he returned to Rochester to settle the large estate of his wife's father, Joseph Hanson, who, dying in December previous, had made him executor. Mr. Hanson, whose daughter Joanna (by his marriage with Charity Dame) Mr. McDuffee had married June 21, 1829, was one of the three old and wealthy merchants of Kochester, Nathaniel Cpham and Jonas C. March being the other two. The settlement of this extended estate and business was completed, and the accounts settled, by Mr. McDuffee's energy, in seven months; and it caused his entire abandonment of trade, aJthough he had been eminently successful. There was no bank in Kochester. Old traders had some connection with the Strafford Bank in Dover, and the Rockingham Bank in Portsmouth. They loaned money, instead of getting discounts. Mr. Hanson's safe, where he kept all his securities, was a small brick building back of his store, with a sheet-iron door fastened by a ])adlock. He kept some deposits, however, in Strafford Bank, and was a stockholder in that and in the Rockingham Bank. The three principal traders used to go to Boston twice a year, on horseback, to ])uy goods. Mr. McDuffee saw that a bank w'as needed. He prepared the plans, secured signa- tures, obtained a charter from the legislature in 1834, and the Rochester Bank was organized with ninety stockholders and a capitd of one hundred thousand dollars, later increased to one hundred and twenty thousand dollars, with one hundred and thirty stockholders. Of the original ninety, only two besides Mr. McDuffee now survive. On the organization he became cashier, his brother-in- law. Dr. James Farrington (member of the .twenty -fifth congress), being pres- ident. This bank was the frontier bank, no other existing between Rochester and Canada, and it was the first bank which the counterfeits from Canada natu- rally but uselessly struck. It was a favorite of the people, and was so managed that its dividends were eight or nine per cent. It is Avell known that the business was really left to the probity and skill of its cashier. Cashier for twenty years, on the then renewal of its charter, Mr. McDuffee resigned the cashiership in favor of his son Franklin, and became president. The bank did not become a national bank until 1874, and in the six years previous he and his son formed the house of "John McDuffee & Co., private bankers," took up the old bank's business, and successfully carried it on. In 1874 they merged it in a national bank, the one being president and the other cashier, as before, and the two taking two-fifths of its stock. It is an interesting fact that no bill has ever been issued by either Rochester bank without the well known signature of John McDuffee, either as president or cashier ; and he still actively administers the interests of the bank he originated in another form forty-eight years ago. In addition to this Rochester interest, Mr. McDuffee was one of the original grantees of the Dover National Bank, and for a short time w^as a director ; but his interest became more in the Strafford Bank, at Dover, of which (new charter) he was the second heaviest stockholder, Daniel M. Christie being the first. He became a director in the Strafford National Bank in 1870, and still actively holds that position. The stock of this bank (par, one hundred dollars) has this year sold at one hundred and sixty dollars. The Norway Plains Savings Bank, at Rochester, was chartered in 1851, and Mr. McDuffee became its treasurer, being succeeded by his son Franklin in 1867, and himself becoming president, — an office in which he still remains. It is JOtLN McDUFFEE. 155 wortli recalling, that, although this bank was ordered, in the panic, to jmy out only five-sixths of any deposit, it subsequently petitioned for leave to pay. and did credit to every person affected, the remaining sixth. Mr. McDuft'ee early saw the advantages of manufacturing to a community. By his own means and a liberal allowance of banking facilities he has greatly aided their development, the first such enterprise in Kochester, the Mechanics' Manufacturing Company, being decided to locate there by the new banking- facili- ties. Mr. McDuff"ee was a director. It was a manufacture of blankets, and its successor is the Norway Plains Manufacturing Company. The original company Mr. McDuff'ee carried safely through the crisis of 1837. The mill-property at the Gonic Mr. McDuffee bought in 18-45, to lease to N. V. Whitehouse, that business might not be given up. He held his purchase for about ten years. The effort was successful, and the property was eventually taken by a joint stock com- pany. Stephen Shorey. owning some facilities for manufacturing at East Roch- ester, came to Mr. McDuffee to see if the bank would advance means to build. Mr. McDuff'ee at once pledged the means, and the mills were built. A stock company afterwards purchased mills and machinery, and the thriving village of East Rochester owes its prosperity to Mr. McDuff"ee's liberal policy. Thus have been developed the three principal water-powers of Rochester. Mr. McDaff"ee's personal interests in manufacturing were also in the Great Falls Manufacturing Company, in whose great business he was a director for four years; capital, one million five hundred thousand dollars. In 1862 he bought large interests in the Cocheco Manufacturing Company, and has there remained. Since 1874 he has been a director of that corporation As such, he advocated the erection of the great mill, now Xo. 1, and the replacing of all the old buildings by new and magnificent mills, unsurpassed in the United States, — a work now rapidly progressing. The remarkable success of this company certi- fies alike to the sagacious boldness and the considerate policy of its directors. The need of railroad facilities at Rochester was early apparent to Mr. McDuff'ee. In 1846 he entered into two enterprises, — the Cochecho road, from Dover to Alton Bay, and the Conway road, from Great Falls to Conway. Each was to and did pass through Rochester. In each road Mr. McDuff'ee was the largest indi- vidual stockholder, and of each was the first treasurer. When the Conway road reached Rochester, Mr. McDuff'ee resigned its treasurership. The other road, after various difficulties, became the Dover & AVinnipesaukee, by the incorpora- tion of the bondholders, and Mr. McDuff'ee continued to be a director. With "friend'' William Hill, he visited Boston more than thirty times to treat for the lease of this road to the Boston & 3Iaine. The effort was finally successful, and the road, by itself weak, became a fine piece of property. Rochester was thus doubly accommodated ; but another avenue was needed, and Mr. McDuff'ee took part in the Portland & Rochester, which secured a route eastward, of which road he was a director ; and he invested liberally in the Rochester i Nashua, which opened a Hue to the West. The result has been that Rochester is a "billing- point," and its various manufacturing interests have felt its impetus. The beauty of "McDuff'ee block'' in Rochester, built by him in 1868, ex- hibits the o\yner's public spirit. It is an elegant brick building of four stories, containing six stores, twelve offices in the second story, a public hall in the third,' and a Masonic hall, one of the finest in the state, in the fourth. In the use of the public hall the liberality of its owner to benevolent objects is well known. As a Mason, he joined Humane Lodge on the very day he became "of lawful age." Of other real estate, Mr. McDuff'ee has, besides various pieces in Rochester, including such as the Gonic farm, the New Durham " powder-mill " estate of nine hundred acres of land and eleven hundred acres of water ; and in Barrington 156 JOHN M(DUrFEK. two hundred acres on Isinglass river, held with a view to future manufac- turing needs. In religion, Mr. McDuffee was hrought u]) under good old Parson Joseph Haven, and has remained a liberal supporter of the Congregational society. In politics, he was an earnest Whig. His first vote was for the electors who chose John Quincy Adams president, and his postmastership was ended by Andrew Jackson. He has always been a decided Kepublican. Mr. McDuffee's great amount of laljor has been possible only by the vigor- ous constitution whicli he inherited. The boy, who, before he left home, " carried the forward swath "" in the hay-field, made the man who now accomplishes an amount of work which would surprise many younger men. Monday is always given to the Strafford Bank, at Dover; Tuesday, he presides at the Kochester Bank meeting ; Wednesday, at the Savings Bank ; and no day is idle. Of Mr. McDuffee's happy domestic relations nothing need be said. Of his eiiJ-ht children, — naming them in the order, of birth, — (1) Joseph, who followed the sea, died (single) on the ocean at the age of thirty-five. (2) Franklin, who graduated at Dartmouth College in 1853, died, after a successful financial career, November 11, 18S0, greatly lamented ; he married Mary Fannie, daughter of John Hayes, of Farniington, and left two sons, John Edgar (now in the Chand- ler Scientific Department of Dartmouth College), and Willis. {'A) John Bandolph, graduated at the Chandler Scientific Department in 1857; was a civil engineer inllochoster, and died single, aged twenty-five. (4) Anna M., is the wife of Frank S. Brown, of Hartford, Conn., of the firm of Brown, Thompson & Co. She has one son and two daughters. (5) Mary Abbie, is the wife of Charles K. Chase, a merchant in Rochester, and has two daughters. (6) Sarah died single. (7) George, the only surviving son, is engaged in extensive grain, mill, and lumber business in Rochester; he married, first, Lizzie Hanson, who died leaving a son ; afterwards he married, second, Nellie, daughter of Dr. James Far- rington, of Rochester, her father being nephew of Dr. James Farrington, M. C. (8) Oliver, died in infancy. Judged by the success of his work as the banker, as develoi)ing by a liberal and wise help every worthy manufacturing enterprise, and as foremost in the building of the various railways centering in Rochester, it is clear that Mr. McDuffee nobly comes into the list of those spoken of in our first paragraph, whose record is in the prosperity of his native town, where ability, sagacity, integrity, and kindliness have united to make that record, as well as his own personal success. Ens^ tr J J Cade l-Ts-vrTu-^;': ^. j€c JOHN C. FRENCH. Prior to 1870, New Hampshire had no reliable fire insurance company. That she now has one that is " sound, solid, and successful," firmly established in the confidence of the country, and steadily growing in strength and stability, is mainly due to John C French, who, in spite of much prejudice and distrust, laid the foundations of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company, and has since been its leading spirit and manager. Mr French came of sturdy stock. His grandfather, Abram in-ench, was a native of Stratham, where he spent his boyhood and learned the trade of a car- penter and builder, in which he soon became known as a skillful and thorough workman In this capacity he went to Pittsfield to complete the interior of the first meetino-house in that town ; and, when this was finished, erected the build- ino-s upon the parsonage lot for Rev. Christopher Paige, step-father of the " beau- tiful Grace Fletcher,"^ the first wife of Daniel Webster. Some years later, Mr. Paio-e removed from town, and the young mechanic bought the place, and in 17% married Hannah Lane, of Stratham, and established the French homt^ stead in which he reared to maturity twelve children, and dispensed for many years' the hospitality which his prosperity enabled him to provide for a wide circle of relatives and friends. His numerous children and grandchildren ranked among the reliable and thrifty people of that town. , . ,^^„ ..,. ^, n Enoch the oldest son of Abram French, who married, in IblM, h^liza Late ot Epsom —'a most estimable woman, — and settled on an adjoining farm, was the father of five children. The only survivor of this family is the subject of this sketch John C. French, who was born March 1, 1832, and spent his boyhood upon one of the rocky farms in Pittsfield. His opportunities for obtaining an education were very limited, but his ardent desire to learn impelled him to sup- plement his common-school privileges by reading at home, and afterwards to obtain by working on a farm summers and teaching winters, the money to pay his expenses for several terms at the academies at Pittsfield, Cnlmanton, and Pembroke What he learned at these institutions only fed his ambition to know more ; and, as there was little opportunity for him to gratify his tastes and aspirations at home, when he became of age he made an arrangement with J_. H. Colton & Co. to solicit orders for their mounted maps. The tact and activity which he showed in this work led his employers, a year later, to give him_ the Boston agency for 'S Colton's Atlas of the World," then in course of preparation ; and in this he won another success, selling over twelve hundred copies ot this laro-e and expensive work. In 1855 he was appointed general agent tor the house for New England, and subsequently gave considerable time to the intro- duction of Colton's 'series of geographies into the public schools; and was alter- wards employed by Brown, Taggart, & Chase, and Charles Scribner & Co., m bringino- out their school publications. While thus engaged he was able to oratify his fondness for travel, observation, and reading; gained an acquaintance with the leading authors, teachers, publishers, and other prominent educators, 158 JOHN C. FRENCH. and a knowledoe of the local history, industries, and resources of all the prin- cipal towns in New Enp;land. He also learned thoroughly the art of advertising, and of putting books upon the market in a way to command popular favor. During the eight years he was thus employed, he made frequent journeys to Pittsfield, and spent a portion of each season there with his parents, to whom he was devotedly attached ; but in May, 1866, having been appointed state agent of the Connecticut JNIutual Life Insurance Company, he established his residence in Manchester, which has since been his home, though he still retains possession of the beautiful homestead farm upon which he was born. Three years later, having become interested in and fiimiliar with the insurance interests of the state, he conceived the idea of establishing a stock fire insurance company, and by untii'ing persistency and zeal overcame the almost universal prejudice against such an orsianization, enlisted in its support some of our most prominent citizens, secured a charter and the capital stock, and began the business which under his energetic and prudent directions has since grown to great pro- portions. To this company he still gives his undivided time and efforts, refusing to accept political office, declining all inducements to go elsewhere, resting entirely content with the success he commands in and from the company's office. His wide and varied experience has given him a great insight into business affairs and productive industries, and also an extensive and invaluable knowl- edge of men, and these acquirements and all his native abilities he is brinaing to the service of the company in the enlarged and enlarging sphere of his official duties. That he does not labor in vain is shown by the fact that the New Hampshire com))any, so recently established, has increased its capital stock from one hundred thousand to five hundred thousand dollars, and its cash assets to nearly a million, that it commands the countenance and assistance of many of our most prominent men, and enjoys a national reputation for prudent manage- ment and financial success. Mr. French has always taken a lively interest in his native town, and, when the project for building a railroad which would ]»roniote its growth and prosperity took shape, he gave himself heartily to the support of the enterprise, and it Avas largely throuah his efforts that the three hundred and fifty thousand dollars necessary to build the Suncook Valley road was secured, by subscriptions to the capital stock and gratuities from the towns along the line. As one method of helping this work to a successful completion, he established the Simcook Valley Timni — a weekly paper — at Pittsfield, and for two years contributed regularly to its columns a sei'ies of historical and biographical articles, which attracted much attention in the locality, and were widely copied and read elsewhere. He also at one time published and edited at Manchester a journal devoted to insur- ance interests ; and in these publications, as well as in those of the New Hampshire company, has established a reputation as a vigorous, versatile, and popular writer. The zeal, fidelity, and success with which he has managed the various inter- ests intrusted to him have been highly appreciated, and numerous testimonials have borne witness to the satisfaction of his employers. The records of the New Hampshire company contain a resolution passed unanimously by the stock- holders, in 1871, in which the unparalleled success of the company is ascribed mainly to his zeal and efficiency; and a similar resolution is inscribed upon the 1)Ooks of the Suncook Valley Railroad. Mr. French, while not a politician, takes a deep interest in public affairs, and his help can always be depended on for whatever promises to promote the public good and the well-being of the community in which he lives. He is a genial companion, a stanch friend, and a man who wins and holds the good opinions of JOHN C. FRENCH. 159 a very large circle of acquaintances. He is a member of Trinity Commandry, Knights Templar, and a director of the Merchants National Bank. Mr. French married, in 1858, Annie M., daughter of L. B. Philbrick. Esq., of Deertield, and has three children, — Lizzie A., Susie P., and Greorge Abram, — who reside with their parents. HON. THOMAS COGSWELL. TliK town of (filmanton has always been (listiniiuished for its strong and able men, who have exercised a })Owerful influence in the affairs of their town and state. It has furnished men to fill nearly every position of trust and honor within the gift of the people of our state, and it has ever been proud of her illustrious sons. Among the very strong men of this old town stood Hon. Thomas Cogswell, who in the year 1820, at the age of twenty-one, moved hither from Atkinson, N. II., where he was born December 7, 1798. He was one of a family of nine children of William and Judith (Badger) Cogswell, eight of whom lived to years of maturity. lie settled on the farm formerly occupied by his grandfather, the Hon. Joseph Badger, and with .'Strong liands and indomitable courage commenced gaining a livelihood for himself and young wife, Mary Noyes, whom lie married just ])ri()r to moving here;. He soon attracted the atten- tion of the older settlers, and in a short time became one of the leading men in the town ; and ever afterwards took an active part in all its local affairs, and for the whole period of his life was honored and respected by his neighbors and towns- men, and received at their hands every office within their gift. There is no position tliat more truly shows the strength and power of a man than that of moderator of a New Hampshire town-meeting ; but for many suc- cessive years he was chosen to preside over the deliberations of the annual and other meetings in this, then, large town, and always did so with great dignity, and to the perfect satisfaction of all. He was also chosen one of the board of selectmen, and represented the town in the legislature, and while a member of that body introduced and supported a bill to repeal the law authorizing imprison- ment for debt. For ten years he was a deputy-sheriff' for the county of Strafford, before its division, and during all this time was actively engaged in the duties of the office. He was also treasurer of the county for three years. In 1841 he was appointed one of the judges of the court of common pleas for the new county of Belknap, and held that position until the year 1855, when the judi- ciary system of the state was changed. In 1856 he was elected a member of the governor's council from district number three. He was a justice of the peace and ([uorum for over forty years. He was an officer in the New Hampshire mili- tia, and attained the rank of captain. He was of Revolutionary stock, his father and seven uncles having served in that war. and performed, in the aggregate, thirty-eight years of service. For seven years in succession he taught the winter term of school in his dis- trict, at the same time performing all the work incident to his farm, and during his whole life was interested in and a promoter of education. Gilmanton Acad- emy, an institution established by the efforts of his grandfather, Gren. Joseph Badger, and his uncle, the Hon. Thomas Cogswell, with the assistance of many other strong and good men, early received his aid and co-operation, and he was one of its board of trustees up to within a few years of his death. In early life he became a member of the Congregational church at Gilmanton Iron- Works, HON. THOMAS COGSWELL. 161 and was deacon of the same for many years ; and always gave freely of his means for the advancement of the cause of the Christian religion. Notwithstanding the many and various duties imposed on Mr. Cogswell by his almost continuous service in some public position, he was a large and successful farmer, and by his own exertions added year by year to his original farm, so that at his death he owned in one tract nearly one thousand acres of valuable land. He was a great lover of the soil and was always interested in the cause of agriculture, and was in every respect a well informed and successful farmer. He possessed, to an uncommon degree, strong natural powers of mind, and wa.s capable of grasping difficult questions and giving a good legal opinion. His mind was essentially judicial, and, had he devoted himself to the study and prac- tice of law, would undoubtedly have been a leading mind in that profession. For many years he was consulted by his neighbors and townsmen upon the troubles that frequently arose between them, and to his credit, by his clear and practical judgment, saved, frequently, long and expensive litigation. He was true to every trust committed to him, and was scrupulously honest and exact in all his dealings. In politics, Thomas Cogswell was a Democrat to the end of his life. During the war of the rebellion, he was a strong supporter of the government, and a friend and well-wisher of every soldier in the field. He saw clearly and plainly that his duty as an American citizen was to render all the aid in his power to help carry on and bring to a successful close the terrible struggle then going on. He was a lover of his country and delighted in its free institutions; and, although strong in his political faith, was not a partisan. Mr. Cogswell was noted for his energy and force of character ; and, when he had once made up his mind as to a certain course to pursue, he never changed it until he was thoroughly satisfied that he was wrong. He was a natural leader among men, and possessed the characteristics of a great general. He was a ready and fluent public speaker, and few men could better entertain an audience. He excelled in strong common sense, and could state exactly his position on any subject that interested him. He was always well informed, particularly on the history of his country and its many political changes. He was of commanding appearance, and was a noticeable person in any assembly. He was of an aifec- tionate disposition, and sympathized with the aftlictions of others. He died August 8, 1868, and was buried in the old historic burying -ground in Gilmanton, near the dust of his illustrious ancestors ; and in his death the town lost a wise counselor, the poor a generous friend, and the community at large an honest and upright man. There are four children now living, — Mary C. Burgess, wife of the late Dr. Burgess, now living in Boston, M'sss. ; Martha B. Batchelder, wife of the late Dr. Batchelder, also residing in Boston; James W. Cogswell, sheriiF of Belknap county ; and Thomas Cogswell, a lawyer, residing on the old homestead at Gilmanton. HON. PERSON C. CHENEY. BY COL. DANIEL HALL. Person Colby Cheney was born iu that part of Ilolderness, N. H., which is now Ashland, February 25, 1828. He was the sixth child in a family of five sons and six daughters, — children of Moses and Al)igail (Morrison) Cheney, — nine of whom still survive. Of his sisters, Sarah B. is the wife of llev. S. G. Abbott, of Needham, Mass. ; Abby M. is the widow of George Washburn, late of GofTstown, N. H. ; Ruth E. is the wife of Joseph W. Lord, of Wollaston, Mass. ; Marcia A. is the wife of J. P. F. Smith, of Meredith, N. II. ; Hattie 0. is the wife of Dr. C. F. Bonney, of Manchester, N. H. Of his brothers. Rev. 0. B. Cheney, D. D., is the president of Bates College, Lewiston, Me., and has mainly laid the foundations of the success and ])opularity of that excellent institution of learning ; E. H. Cheney is the editor and pro- prietor of the Granite State Free Press, Lebanon, N. H. ; and Moses Cheney, a manufacturer of paper at Henniker, X. H., is retired from business. The square, old-fashioned New England house, where the family resided, is still to be seen. It stands in the jiicturesque village of Ashland, overlooking the valley below, and commanding a view of lofty hills and beautiful scenery. The childhood of the subject of this sketch was passed in this venerable mansion, but his boyhood and early manhood were ])asscd at Peterborough, N. H., where his father was engaged in the manufacture of paper. This gave him an early and intimate acquaintance with the paper business, enabled him to gain a knowledge of all its details, and gave him those habits of industry and self-relianc6, which, upon the basis of a strong natural sagacity and force of character, have distin- guished his business life. He acquired a fair education in the ordinary branches of knowledge, in the academies at Peterborough and Hancock, N. H., and Parsonsfield, Me. His father removed to Holderness in 1845, having 'sold his interest to A. P. Morrison ; and Person C. Cheney assumed the management of the paper-mill at Peterborough. In 1853 a firm of which Mr. Cheney was a member built another paper-mill at Peterborough ; but he soon bought out the interest of his associates, and continued business in Peterborough till 1866. Mr. Cheney took an early interest in politics, and represented the town of Peterborough in the legislature in 1853 and 1854. He entered ardently into the memorable events of 1860 and 1861, and zealously aided and promoted the prep- aration of his state for the great struggle to maintain the Union. In due time he oflFered his personal services, and in August, 1862, was a])pointed (juarter- master of the 13th Regiment, N. H. Vols., and proceeded with the regiment to the seat of war. Joining the army of the Potomac, he rendered faithful service to the regiment and the country until exposure and overwork in the campaign before Fredericksburg brought on a long and dangerous sickness. Barely escap- HON^. PEKSON C. CHENEY. 163 ino- with his life, he was compelled to resign and return home. He received an honorable discharge in August, 1863. From that time till the close of the war the Union cause at home had no more earnest or efficient friend and champiom In 1864 he was chosen railroad commissioner of New Hampshire, and served three years. , . . ■■ In 1866 Mr Cheney removed to Manchester, and formed a partnership with Thomas L. Thorpe, as a dealer in paper stock and manufacturer of paper at Ooffstowu In 1868 the firm of E. M. Tubbs & Co, of which Mr. Cheney had been a member three years, bought out the interest of Mr. Thorpe and the business was continued under the name of P. C. Cheney & Co. in 1«7*] the mill at Goflfstown was destroyed by fire, but was replaced by a new mill, and the business enlarged by rebuilding the old mill at Amoskeag village. Mr. Cheney, upon becoming a resident of Manchester, became at _ once thoroughly and prominently identified with the development and prosperity of that rapidly growing city ; and very soon his business capacity and integrity, his liberal spirit and engaging manners, attracted attention to him as a man not only highly fitted for public honors, but as pre-eminently capable of commanding them at the hands of the people. He was brought forward as a candidate for mayor of Manchester in 1871, and elected by a larger majority than any candidate had received since 1863. He performed the duties intelligently and to general acceptance, but declined a re-election. In 1874, at its organization, he was chosen president of the People's Savings Bank, and still retains the office. In 1875, under peculiar circumstances, Mr. Cheney became the Republican candidate for governor. In 1874 the Republicans had lost the state for causes which it would not be useful to recite ; and the Democrats, having control of every branch of legislation, had used their power to fortify themselves in the possession of the state government, by making new ward divisions in the city of Manchester, and redistricting for councilors and senators, in such a manner as to put their adversaries at great disadvantage, and render it almost impossible to recover the state. Under such circumstances it became absolutely necessary for them to place at the head of the ticket a name of the greatest personal popu- larity. Such were the prestige of Mr. Cheney, gained by his successful adminis- tration in Manchester, his personal magnetism among those who knew him, and his well known energy as a canvasser, that, unexpectedly to himself, he^ was selected as the standard-bearer of his party, and the result proved how wisely. The hottest campaign ever known in a state proverbial for the violence of its political contests ensued, and there was no choice of governor by the people ; but Mr. Cheney had a plurality of the votes cast, although Judge Roberts, his competitor, received the heaviest vote his party had ever polled in New Hamp- shire. The Republicans secured a majority in the legislature, which elected Mr. Cheney governor. In 1876, Gov. (/heney was again a candidate, and after a canvass which exceeded in intensity even that of 1875, he was re-elected by a flattering majority of the popular vote, which was heavier than had ever before been cast in New Hampshire. Mr. Cheney brought to the office of governor a patriotic love for the state and solicitude for her good name, a clear insight, great executive ability, thorough business habits, and personal dignity, urbanity, and tact of a high order. These qualities, combined with his undoubted integrity and earnestness of purpose, enabled him to give the state a most prudent and successful administration of its affairs. The retrenchment of expenses, so much needed in a period of financial depression following years of sharp distress, was kept steadily in view, and a thorough business system inaugurated in all branches of the government; the affairs of the adjutant-general's office were redeemed from years of neglect and confusion ; the state debt was materially reduced ; at his 164 HON. PERSON C. CHENEY. suggestion a law was passed requiring vouchers to be filed for all disbursements from the governor's contingent fund ; and the finances of the state were left in all respects upon a sound and stable basis. The prominent part of New Hampshire in the Centennial Exposition was due largely to his foresight, his faith in its benefits, and his untiring efforts in its behalf. None who participated in them will ever forget the brilliant success of "New Hampshire Day" at Phila- delphia, or the reception of Grovernor and Mrs. Cheney, during his term of office, to the members of the legislature and the citizens of Concord, at White's Opera House, which was a memorable social event. Grov. Cheney retired from office with the universal respect and esteem of men cif all parties, and has since devoted himself closely to business. On the death of his partner, Dr. Tubbs, in 1878, Gov. Cheney purchased his quarter interest, and thus became sole proprietor of the business. The following year he con- verted the property of the old " Peterborough Company" at Peterborough, into a pul])-mill, and obtained an amendment of the charter, by act of the legislature, changing its name to the " P. C. Cheney Company." This charter is among the oldest in the state, having been granted in 1833, and bears the names of Charles H. Atherton, Samuel Appleton, Samuel May, Isaac Parker, Nathan Appleton, and others, as grantees. The original charter authorizes the company to extend its operations to any town in the .state. In 1880 the company commenced operations for increasing its production by building both a pulp and paper mill in connection with the old one at Man- chester. This enterprise has })een carried to completion, and thereby doubled in amount an already extensive business. ■ Consequently the corporation, the stock of which is held by Gov. Cheney solely, now owns and carries on wood-pulp mills at Goffstown and Peterborough, and also one in connection with its paper-mill and waste-works at Manchester. Its paper- warehouse is at No. 1104 Elm street. The product of these various establishments, and their monthly disbursements for labor and services, are very large ; and it is doubtful if a more important business has been built up in our state by the courage, foresight, and skill of one man. Gov. Cheney is an indefatigable worker, and keeps all the details of his extensive and complicated business within easy command. He is identified with the First Unitarian church of Manchester, and has been a director and president of the society. He is a Royal Arch Mason, and mem- ber of the Altemont Lodge ; also a member of Peterborough Lodge, I. 0. 0. F. In 1850 he was married to Miss S. Anna Moore, who died January 8, 1858, leaving no children. He married, June 20, 1859, Mrs. Sarah White Keith, daughter of Jonathan White, formerly of Lowell, Mass., one of the earliest of Lowell's manufacturers, by whom he has one daughter, Agnes Annie Cheney, born October 22, 1869. His domestic life is singuhwly happy and charming. His residence. No. 136 Lowell street, is a home of modest elegance, of courtly hos- pitality, and the center of a refined circle. It is not too much to say that to the affectionate sympathy, the grace, and fine social tact of his accomplished wife. Gov. Cheney owes not only the enjoyments of a delightful home, but much of the success and popularity of his career. The bare outlines of Gov. Cheney's life, as above given, convey but a faint impression of the essential quality of the man, and his importance as a factor in the social, business, and political life of his day and generation. It remains to be said that in Manchester his name is the synonym for liberality, public spirit, a generous and helpful charity, and a philanthropy, which, though unobtrusive, loses no opportunity to exert itself for the relief of distress and the elevation of society at large. Of a sympathetic nature, he cares more for others than him- self, and no deserving person or worthy object ever solicits his aid in vain. He is HOX. PERSON C. CHENEY. 165 prominent in every movement for the public good, and never spares himself, nor grudges the means which his business saga'city, energy and enterprise have gained for him, when work is to be done for a good cause, or help is needed for any- body in poverty or distress. Mr. Cheney is still in the prime of life, and his useful service, his honorable and upright character, his high and unselfish aims, have made him a power in the state. A brave, true, and honest man, a sincere and warm-hearted friend, of positive convictions, of unflinching devotion to principle, and fitted for any sta- tion, he is obviously in the line of succession to still higher honors than have been accorded him. It goes without saying that such a man has hosts of friends- and certain it is that he is second to no man in New Hampshire in those elements of popular strength and confidence which commend men to public service. An earlier biographer, from whose sketch most of this is derived, appropri- ately closes his delineation of him with the remark, that " Mr. Cheney may yet be drawn from the seclusion of private life, and the unremitting toil of active business, to lend his aid to the councils of a nation." HON. PHINEHAS ADAMS. nv ARTHUR P. DODGE. Phineiias Adams was born in Medway, Mass., the twentieth day of June, 1814, and comes from the very best Revolutionary stock of New England. His grandfather and great-grandfather participated in the battle of Bunker Hill, and served through that memorable war. lie had three brothers and seven sisters, of whom the former all died jirevious to 18!>1. Three sisters are now living : Sarah Ann, born in 18U), the wife of E. B. Hammond, M. D., of Nashua; Eliza P., born in 1820, widow of the late Ira Stone, formerly an overseer in the Stark Mills; and Mary Jane, born in 1822, widow of the late James Buncher, a former designer for the Merrimack Print- Works at Lowell, Mass. Mrs. Buncher is the present po])ular and very efficient librarian of the Manchester public library. His father, Phinehas Adams, senior, married Sarah W. Barber, a native of Holliston, Mass., in 1811. Her father was an Englishman, who came to America from Warrenton, England, during the Revolutionary war, and married in this country a Scottish lady who came from Edinburgh. Phinehas Adams, the senior, was both a farmer and a mechanic, and became (|uite au extensive manufacturer. At a very early date he constructed hand- looms, which he employed girls to operate ; and, subsequently, started the first power-loom that was ever established in this country, at Waltham, Mass., in the year 1814. In this year and in the same town he became a mill overseer, and afterwards gave his whole attention to manufacturing. He resided, when Phinehas was a child, at diflFerent times in Waltham and Cambridge, Mass.. and in Nashua, to which latter place he removed later in life, and became proprietor of a hotel, the Central House. This business was more agreeable to him, since he had broken several of his ribs and received other injuries from an unfortunate fall. Hon. William P. Newell, of Manchester, who was agent of the Amoskeag company from 1837 to 1846, was once a bobbin-boy for the elder Adams. This was ten years before the son, who was attending a private school in West Newton, Mass., until 1827, began to work in the mills. In the last-named year, his father became agent of the Neponset Manufacturing Company's mills — which were owned by himself, Dr. Oliver Dean, and others — at Walpole, in the same state ; and to this place he removed his residence. When quite young, the son disliked close confinement in school, the task of poring over books being to him rather dry and irksome ; but his father said to him that he must either study or go to work in the mill. At the latter place he was soon found engaged in a work well calculated to dispel boyish romance in a summary manner. He almost repented making this choice, but pluckily " stuck to the work " with the indomitable perseverance so often disjilayed in after life, and was employed as a bobbin-boy for a year by the company. He ,y%^.^p?/ -Wc;^c ^^7Z^ HON. PHINEHAS ADAMS. 167 then entered Wrentliam Academy, where he remained, making progress in his studies, for a year and a half, when his father was compelled to inform him that he had met with serious losses by reason of the failure of the company, and that he, Phinehas, would now leave the academy and go to work. The father very much regretted feeling obliged to take this course, having cherished the hope of being able to give his son a thorough education. The latter readily accepted the situation, replied to his father that he was ready and willing to work, but, that if he must go to work in a mill, he preferred that it should be in a large one, and not in a " one-horse concern ; " for he desired a wide field and the best possible opportunities to gain a knowledge of the business in its many details. One of the greatest events in the commercial history of our country was the founding of the " City of Spindles," in 1821. Very naturally, the junior Adams was led to go there to gain his desired knowledge. On the 10th of November, 1829, he proceeded to Lowell, and at the age of fifteen became emjiloyed as bob- bin-boy in the mills of the Merrimack company. At that time, the company had only about thirty thousand spindles in its mills. In these early days of manufacturing, the system was adhered to in Lowell of keeping fierce bull-dogs — one, at least — in each mill. They were liberally fed with fresh meat, not for the purpose of making them less savage, and chained near the entrance to the mill, making effectual sentinels while the watch-mew were making their rounds. This custom was followed until about 1831. Mr. Adams was early possessed of an ambition to become an overseer ; and to this end he labored hard and faithfully, never thinking or dreaming, however, that he would become agent of a large mill. This was his real beginning, the wedding to his long and uninterrupted manufacturing life, the "golden wedding" anniversary of which event occurred in November, 1879. Soon after his commencement at Lowell, he was promoted to the position of second overseer in the weaving department, a post he retained until 1831, when he passed to a similar position in the Methuen Company's mill, of which his uncle was agent. In 1833 he made another change, going to Hooksett, where he became overseer in the Hooksett Manufacturing Company's mills, of which his father was then the agent. Not long afterwards he assumed a similar posi- tion in the Pittsfield Manufacturing Company's mill, at Pittsfield, then under the administration of Ithamar A. Beard. Mr. Adams remained in Pittsfield from December, 1834, until Mr. Beard resigned. On the 7th of March. 1835, Mr. Adams, who had previously decided to return to Lowell, left Pittsfield ; embarked in the mail stage, and found himself about noon of the next day at Nashua, where his parents then resided. In those days there was no city of Manchester, neither was there a splendid railroad ser- vice running through the fertile Merrimack valley. But the waters of the Mer- rimack, though scarcely at all utilized at that time to propel water-wheels, carried upon its bosom heavily laden vessels from Boston, via the old Middlesex canal, which ran as far north as Concord. Locks were in use at Garvin's Falls, Hooksett, Manchester, Groff"e's Falls, Nashua, and at other points. A passeno-er Bteamer plied in those days between Lowell and Nashua upon the river. Mr. Adams remained at home only until Monday. He was industriously inclined, and proceeded immediately to the Merrimack Mills in Lowell, the scene of his earlier labors, where he accepted the office of overseer. He remained with this company until he came to Manchester, in 1846. In December, 1841, John Clark, the agent of the Merrimack Mills at Lowell, proposed that Mr. Adams should enter the office as a clerk. This idea was very distasteful to Mr. Adams, but he yielded to the wishes and advice of Mr. Clark, to get acquainted with book-keeping and the general business of the mills, to prepare for a higher posi- tion. For five years he held this position. 168 HON. PIIINEIIAS ADAMS. In the year 1846, Mr. Adams left Lowell to assume the agency (succeeding the Hon. William P. Newell) of the " Old Amoskeag Mills," then located on the west side of the Merrimack River at Amoskeag Falls, — now a part of the city of Manchester, — on the present site; of ex-dovernor P. C. Cheney's paper-mill. The building of the Amoskeag mills was the beginning of Man- chester's wonderful career of prosperity, which has developed to such great pro- portions. Her many mills, now running more than three hundred thousand spin- dles, many looms, and many cloth-printing machines, and the many other signs of industry, are abundantly attesting to the truth of the statement. With the Amos- keag company Mr. Adams remained until the 17th of November, 1847, when he became agent of the Stark Mills. Of the great Tnanufactories of Manchester, that of the Stark Mills company ranks third in magnitude and second in age. This company was organized Se})tember 2(), 1S:}8, and began active operations during the following year. During its forty years and more of busy existence, up to April 30, 1881, when Mr. Adams resigned on account of ill health, it had but two resident agents: John A. Burnham held the position from the inception of the corporation until the 17th of November, 1847, the date marking the commencement of the long term of service of the subject of this sketch. At that time the capital of the Stark Mills company was the same as now, — one million two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The shares, the par value of which was one thousand dollars, were worth six or seven hundred dollars when Colonel Adams was chosen agent ; but th(!y had risen to fourteen or fifteen hundred dollars when he resigned. In the early days of New England manufacturing, more labor was performed by hand than is to-day; and, though sulistantially the same machinery was em- ployed, yet it had by no means attained its present capacity and wonderful completeness. In December, 1868, Mr. Ad;mis was commissioned by the direct- ors of the Stark Mills to go to Europe for the purpose of securing machinery, and information relating to the manufacture of linen goods. At that time, owing to the war, cotton goods were very scarce and expensive. For unmanu- factured cotton itself the Stark company paid as high as one dollar and eighty- six cents per pound, and a higher price than even that was paid by other com- panies. A bale of cotton brought nine hundred and thirty dollars. Mr. Adams traveled extensively through England, Scotland, and Ireland, and visited the city of Paris. He ordered considerable machinery of the English manufacturers, who were very busy with American orders at the time. So great, in fact, was the demand upon them, that the Stark machinery did not arrive until the September following, nearly a year after being ordered. From choice, Colonel Adams has been quite clear of politics, having only served as ward clerk when a young man in Lowell, and, later, as a presidential elector for Ceneral Grant. He was Grovernor Straw's chief-of-staff, which, by the way, it is believed never " turned out in a body" as such. He was also four years a director in the Concord Railroad, just after the decease of Governor Gilmore. About the year 1848 he was chosen one of the assistant engineers of the Manchester fire department, in which capacity he served with peculiar fidelity for twelve years. Mr. Adams and the other engineers resigned their positions after two steamers had been obtained, thus giving the captains of the old com- panies chances of promotion. Never being "up for office," as were many of his friends, he could act with positive independence ; and he invariably did act, as he thought, for the best interests of the city. Col. Adams has for a long time been closely identified with the moneyed institutions of Manchester, having served as a director in the Merrimack River Bank from 1857 to 1860, the same in the Manchester National Bank from HON. PHLNEHAS ADAMS. 169 1865 to the present time; and as a trustee in the Slanchester Savings Bank nearly all the time since it obtained its charter. Since the decease of Hon. Herman Foster, Mr. Adams has been one of the committee on loans for the latter institution. He is one of the directors of the Gas-Light Company, and was for many years a trustee of the public library. He was elected, in 1865, one of the original directors of the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association. For many years, Mr. Adams has been engaged, as opportunity occurred, in procuring rare coins and medals. Of the former, he now possesses very complete collections of the various denominations in gold, silver, nickel, and copper; and he has a great number of valuable medals. Many of these antiquities command a very high price in the market, their numbers being absolutely limited, and the demand for them steadily increasing. During the administration of Colonel Adams, which covered a long series of eventful years, a great many changes occurred. In what may be called, more particularly, the manufacturing world is this especially true. He is the oldest agent and the longest in such position in the city, — nay, more, in the entire Merrimack valley ; and most of those holding similar positions thirty-two years ago are now passed from this life. That fine old estate on Hanover street, for along time known as the ''Harris estate," was formerly owned by the Stark coinpany, who built the commodious mansion now converted into a charitable institution, — the " Orphans' Home," — for the use of their agents. John A. Burnham was its first occupant ; and next, Mr. Adams, who resided there nine years, beginning with 1847. When Baldwin & Co.'s steam mill on Manchester street, where D. B. Varney's brass foundry is located, was, with other structures, burned on the 5th of July, 1852, that house, then occupied by Mr. Adams, was set on fire by the flying sparks ; but the fire was speedily extinguished. Mr. Adams was at the time attending to his duties as engineer where the fire raged the fiercest. Thus Mrs. Adams and those of her household were without protection of the sterner sex in the early part of their peril. Soon, however, aid was profiered by several men, of whom Mrs. Adams admitted Mr. Walter Adriance and three others, friends of the family, whereupon she securely barricaded the doors. The work of passing water to the roof was very lively for a while. In 185G, Mr. Adams moved into the house No. 2 Water street, where he lived about nine years, when he purchased his present fine residence, No. 18 Brook street. On the 2-l:th of Septeml^er, 1889, Mr. Adams was united in marriage with Miss EHzabeth P. Simpson, daughter of the late Deacon Samuel Simpson, of Deerfield, a veteran in the war of 1812. Mrs. Adams"s paternal grandfather, Major John Simpson, participated in the battle of Bunker Hill, and, it is said upon good authority, fired the first shot, on the American side, of that famous engagement. It occurred in this wise : The men in his line were instructed by their com- mander, Colonel Stark, not to fire a gun until the British had arrived at a certain point, forty paces distant from the American works. When the red-coated invaders had advanced to within that distance, the major (who was then a pri- vate), an excellent marksman, being unable to withstand so good an opportunity, fired before the order was given, and dropped his man. The fire was then opened along the whole line. On being reproved for disobeying orders, Mr. Simpson replied. " I never could help firing when game which I was after came within gun-shot.'' He died October 28. 1825. 12 170 HON. THINEHAS ADAMS. From this liappy union of Mr. Adams with Miss Simpson two children have sprung: Elizabeth, born June 15, 1842, and Phinehas Adams, Jr., born Decem- ber 26 1844, — both being born in the same house in the city of Lowell. The former is the wife of Daniel C. Gould, paymaster of the Stark Mills, and the popular tenor singer at the Franklin-street church, to whom she was married the 10th of September, 1868. Mr. Gould is the son of Deacon Daniel Gould, who was the first railroad-station agent in Manchester, a position he held until suc- ceeded by the late Henry Hurlburt. Mr. Phinehas Adams, Jr., married Miss Anna P. Morrison, of Belfast, Maine. About a year after being married, Phinehas Adams joined the First Congre- gational church in Lowell. Mrs. Adams was a member of the same church. On removing to Manchester, both had their relation transferred to the Franklin- street Congregational church. At a business meeting of the Stark Corporation directors, in 1879, on the suo-o-estion of Edmund Dwight, it was voted to present Colonel Adams with a suitable token, bearing testimony of the high respect in which he is held by them. Therefore, on the 17th of November, 1871), that being the date complet- ing his thirty-two years of service as agent of that corporation, they presented him with one of the most valuable gold Avatches made by the Waltham company, too-ether with a massive gold chain and an elegant seal. Inside the watch-case is eno-raved the following: "The Stark Mills to Phinehas Adams, November 17, 1847-1879. William Amory. Edmund Dwight, treasurer." Accompanying these superb gifts was the following letter, expressive of sentiments that any honorable man would be justly proud to merit : — "Boston, November 1j, 1879. " My Dear Sir, — I send you a watch and chain by request of the directors of the Stark Mills. It will reach you on the anniversary of the day on which you entered their service, thirty-two years ago. Will you receive it as an expression of their great respect for your character, and their high appreciation of the service you have rendered the corporation during the third part of a century? " It is their sincere hope that the connection which has lasted so long may long continue. "With great regard, yours sincerely, "EDMUND DWIGHT, Treasurer." "Phinehas Adams, Esq." This testimonial was eminently deserved, as no one is held in greater or more universal respect than is the upright, courteous, and genial recipient. Right here it may be as well to put on record the fact that Mr. Adams has never used tobacco or intoxicating liquors during his life. The life of Mr. Adams proves that tireless persistence and devotion to duty accomplish much. The influence exerted by his life is far greater than is commonly supposed or realized. It can haxxlly fail to stimulate young men to honorable exertions, and to teach them that extensive notoriety is not necessarily itidicative of true great- ness, and also that too eager grasping after mere political distinction or after temporal riches is far less desirable than linking their lives to immortal princi- ples. No sermon could be more potent than such a life as this, illustrating the fact that exalted character is the choicest of all possessions, bearing ever large interest in this life, and likewise in the life hereafter. HON. PHINEHAS ADAMS. 171 GENEALOGY. The ^' Phinehas Adams'^ Branch of the Adams Family, copied from the Orig- inal Chart prepared hy Elijah Adams, and dated Medfield, May 2, 1798. HENRY ADAMS, Devonshire. Peter, Joseph, Henry, , Edward, Samuel, Jonathan. Jonathan, Henry, James, John. Elisha, Edward, Elishab. Obadiah, John, Thomas, Jeremiah, Eleazer, Abraham, Daniel, Phinehas, Edward. Benjamin, John, Eleazer, Seth. John, Jude, Joel, Phinehas, James, Elias. Hezekiah, Eleazer. Asahel, Barzillai, Phinehas, William, Lowell. Asahel, Asahel, Phinehas, Asahel. j Phinehas. NATHANIEL WHITE. The ancestors of Nathaniel White were among the hardy pioneers who settled New England two hundred and fifty years ago, William White, the founder of the family in this country, having come from England and landed at Ipswich, Mass., in 1G;»5. The descendants of William were among the earliest settlers of northern New Hampshire. Nathaniel White, the subject of this sketch, the oldest child of Samuel and 8arah (Freeman) White, was born in Lancaster, February 7, 1811. His child- hood was passed under a tender mother's care; and to her strict religious training he was indebted for the noble character which led him untainted amid the temp- tations of youth, and unspotted through a long career of usefulness. At home were those principles of integrity, honesty, temperance, jdiilanthropy, and gener- osity inculcated which led to a long life rounded h)y Christian virtues, adorned by humanitarian graces, and free from vices. At the age of fourteen he went into the employ uf a merchant of Lunen- burg, Vt., vfith whom he remained about one year, Avhen he accepted employment with Gen. John Wilson, of Lancaster, who was just entering upon his duties as landlord of the Columbian hotel in Concord. His parents more readily con- sented to his taking this stej) on account of the many noble qualities of Mrs. Wilson. To her care he was intrusted by his solicitous mother. In the employ of Glen. Wilson, Nathaniel White commenced life in Concord at the foot of the ladder. He arrived in Concord, August 25, 1826, with one shilling in his pocket. For five years, or until he came of age, he continued at the Columbian, rendering a strict account of his wages to his father, and saving the dimes and quarters which came as perquisites, until by his twenty-first birthday he had a fund of two hundred and fifty dollars. In 1832 he made his first business venture, negotiating the first and last business loan of his life, and purchased a part interest in the stage route between Concord and Hanover, and occupying the " box " himself for a few years. In one year he was free from debt. Soon after, he bought into the stage route between Concord and Lowell. In 1838, in company with Capt. William Walker, he initiated the express business, making three trips weekly to Boston, and per- sonally attending to the delivery of packages, goods, or money, and other business intrusted to him. He was ever punctual ; he never forgot. In 1842, upon the opening of the Concord Railroad, he was one of the original partners of the express company which was then organized to deliver goods throughout New Hampshire and Canada. The company, under various names, has continued in successful operation to the present day ; and to Nathaniel White's business capacity has it been greatly indebted for its remarkable financial success. In 1846, Mr. White purchased his farm, and has cultivated it since that date. It lies in the southwestern section of the city, two miles from the state- house, and embraces over four hundred acres of land. For his adopted home he ever felt and evinced a strong attachment, and to him Concord owes much of her N^ATHANIEIi WHITE. 173 material prosperity and outward adornment. Beautiful structures have been raised through his instrumentality, which render the capitol and the State-House park such attractive features of the city. In 1852 he made his first step in political life, being chosen by the Whigs and Free-soilers to represent Concord in the state legislature. He was an Abo- litionist from the start ; a member of the Anti-Slavery society from its inception. His hospitable home was the refuge of many a hunted slave, — a veritable station on the under-ground railroad, where welcome, care, food, and money were freely bestowed, and the refugees were sent on their way rejoicing. The attic of his house and the hay-mows of his stable were the havens of rest for the persecuted black men. In all works of charity and philanthropy, Mr. White was foremost or promi- nent. He was deeply interested in the establishment of the New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane and the State Reform School ; in the Orphans' Home, at Frankhn, which he liberally endowed ; and the Home for the Aged, in Concord, which was his special care. The Reform club of Concord, though not an elee- mosynary institution, received substantial benefits from his generosity ; and to him, in a great measure, it owed its very existence during the re-action which followed the first enthusiasm. Besides his extensive interest in the express company, his farm, — which is one of the most highly cultivated in the state, — his charming summer retreat on the borders of Lake Sunapee, and his real estate in Concord, he was interested in real estate in Chicago, in hotel property in the mountain districts, in railroad corporations, in banks, in manufacturing establishments, and in shipping. He was a director in the Manchester & Lawrence, the Franconia & Profile House, and the Mount Washington railroads, and in the National State Ca|)ital Bank ; a trustee of the Loan and Trust Savings Bank of Concord ; also of the Reform School, Home for the Aged, and Orphans' Home, and other private and public trusts. In 1875, Nathaniel White was candidate for governor, of the Prohibition party ; and he had a vast number of friends in the Republican party, with which he was most closely identified, who wished to secure his nomination for the highest honor within the gift of a state, by the Republican party. In 1876 he was sent as a delegate to the Cincinnati convention, which nominated Mr. Hayes for president. During the summer of 1880, he was placed by his party at the head of the list of candidates for presidential electors. With all these honors thrust upon him, Nathaniel White was not a politician, although firm in his own political convictions. The office sought the man, and not the man the office. Nathaniel White was blessed in his marriage relations. His history is incomplete without a narration of the perfect union, complete confidence, and mutual trust and assistance between him and his wife, during a married life of nearly half a century. November 1, 18.36, he was married, by Rev. Robert Bartlett, of Laconia, to Armenia S., daughter of John Aldrich, of Boscawen, who survives him. Mrs. Armenia S. White is of good old Quaker stock, descending, in the sixth generation, from Moses Aldrich, a Quaker preacher who emigrated to this country in the seventeenth century and settled in Rhode Island ; and on the maternal side, from Edward Dotey, a pilgrim who landed in the May- flower. She was born November 1, 1817, in Mendon, Mass., her parents removing from Rhode Island at the time of their marriage. In 1830 she went with her parents to Boscawen, where she lived until her marriage. Mrs. White has been her husband's companion and helper in every good work. Their children are John A. White, Armenia E. White, wife of Horatio Hobbs, Lizzie H. White, Nathaniel White, Jr., and Benjamin C. White, who 174 NATHANIEL WHITE. survive. They lost two children, — Annie Frances and Seldon F. ; and adopted one, — Hattie S., wife of Dr. D. P. Dearborn, of Brattleborough, Vt. In early life Mr. White joined the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He belonged to no other secret society. Anti-slavery societies, temperance societies, charitable and benevolent societies, woman suffrage and e({ual rights societies, and the Universalist society, — in all of these both husband and wife were deeply and equally interested. During the first four years of their married life, on account of Mr. White's occupation, they boarded ; for eight years they lived on Warren street; since 1848, until the death of Mr. White, in their residence on School street. Here they have nu;ted out generous and refined hospitality to the humble slave, the unfortunate, and to the most illustrious guests who have honored Concord by their visits. Nathaniel White died Saturday, October 2, 1880, having nearly completed the allotted span of three score years and ten. He was stricken down suddenly, although, with his usual business foresight, he seems to have been prepared for the change. Among the tributes to his worth which were called out by his death was a letter by Hon. H. P. Rolfe, which presents a just and fair estimate of his character, as follows : — " I remember Mr. White even before you became acquainted with him. I can see him now, as in the early morn, in the dim light before the dawn of day, he drove up over the frozen hills of Boscawen, through the drifting snows, buf- feting the bleak winds, and standing erect upon the footboard of his sleigh, with his six frost-covered steeds well in hand. I remember him as in the late after- noon or early evening he went dashing down those fearfully steep hills, called " Choate and Grerrish hills," with his Concord "coach and six," loaded down with sixteen and eighteen passengers, and no break to resist the fearful pressure upon a single pair of wheel-horses. He then had the same quiet, reserved manners that marked the man all through his long, busy, and useful life. There was no noise, no brag, no bluster, no profanity, no tobacco, no rum ! He was mild in speech, pleasant in address, gentle in conduct, quiet in action, diligent in busi- ness, constant in season and out, and faithful to all his trusts ; and every thing he did came fully up to the measure of his responsibility. ' His life was gentle ; and tlie elements So mixed in liim, that Nature might stand up And say to all the world, " This was a man." ' " The wealth he possessed, and which he distributed with such a generous hand, came from no ancestral estates. He made his wealth, and he made him- self, and he was emphatically '' the architect of his own fortune.' He honored his father and his mother, and his days were lengthened in the land ; and if he had lived till the 17th day of February, 1881, he would have filled up the number of days which the Psalmist has assigned to manly life. His example in youth, in manhood, and in mature age is a valuable legacy to the young man who shall try to imitate it. "To his wife and children he has left a memory as fragrant as devotion, tenderness, and love could make ; and in the hearts of his other kindred he has planted a grateful remembrance, which will find a habitation there as long as their lives shall last. The beauty, gentleness and sweetness of his domestic life were only appreciated by those who saw him at home, in the bosom of his family, and partook of his genial hospitality. ' Wife, children, and neighbor may mourn at his knell ; He was lover and friend of his country as well.' NATHANIEL WHITE. 175 ■' It will not be out of place to insert here the language of a learned and gifted gentleman who knew Mr. White, having formed an acquaintance with him before the days of railroads, while he was driving on his route between Concord and Hanover. I refer to Prof. Edwin D. Sanborn, of Dartmouth College, who used frequently to ride on the outside of the coach with Mr. White. The following sketch was published in the Lebanon Free Press in 1859, and was part of an article entitled ' Good Habits the Best Capital ot the Young': — ' I know a gentleman, now residinor at the capital of Xew Hampshire, who, at the early age of fourteen, left the paternal roof to become a clerk in a store. Thirty j-ears ago every store was a grog-shop. From that business he entered a hotel in a large town, where liquor was also sold. The inference would be, with most persons, that such positions were very unfavorable to temperate habits. Ruin is almost inevitable to a young man thus exposed and tempted. In the case alluded to, the lad served his apprenticeship, and saved both his money and character. He never, in a single instance, tasted liquor, or used tobacco, or handled cards or dice. He passed from the hotel to the stageman's box. He drove a coach from Concord to Hanover ten years, I think. Before the building of railroads this was one of the most exposed routes in the state. The day's .iourney was long, the roads were bad, and the cold was often intense. It was the common practice of stagemen to fortify them- selves against the cold by large and frequent jjotations. They soon lost health and char- acter. They were a short-lived race because of their intempei-ance. But the subject of my story was true to his principles. In cold and heat he ab.stained. He resisted all solicita- tions, and offended nobody. He was trusted by all, suspected by none. He was universally popular, always intelligent. He was both a good companion and an honest agent. He never forgot a commission, never violated a trust. He saved his wages, and supported his parents, who needed his aid. Multitudes who had occasion to travel that weary road still remember with gratitude the pleasant speech, agreeable deportment, and excellent habits of this accomplished stageman. When the railroad took the place of the old mail-coaches, the trusted and confidential agent and owner of " the old line " was employed upon the new mode of locomotion. He soon entered into the express business, which has been constantly increasing in extent of space and in quantity of packages from the first journey of the iron horse till this hour. The honest stageman became the confidential agent of thousands who had messages or property to be conveyed over the road. With the increase of business came increase of wealth. He was no lover of lucre. Though born in humble circumstances, and trained to habits of rigid economy, he had an eye for improvements,. and a heart for practical beneficence. He acquired property easily, and he gave liberally. Aged parents and needy relatives shared his liberality. He cared for the friends who were bound to him by the ties of blood first, and then for such acquaintances as needed his ready aid. From the penniless boy, without education, ho has become a thril=ty man of business, bestowing thousands of his hard-earned treasures upon objects of charity of his own choice. How valuable is a character thus formed and matured! Through all his varied life he has never tasted ardent spirits, or used tobacco in any form. He ascribes all his success in life to his early determination to be both temperate and honest. Such an example deserves commendation and imitation." " These lines were written in 1859 ; and more than a score of years of use- fulness, of duties, of benevolence, of affection, and of honor have since filled up and rounded off a life into the completeness of manhood. When he was removed from earth, death claimed a dutiful son, a tender and loving husband, an affectionate father, a devoted brother, and a constant friend. '• Since I came to this city, death has been constantly busy in our midst. None of us who have lived here these thirty years but have witnessed its ravages, snatching from many of us our dearest treasures. He has gathered to himself many of the gifted and the good, whose memories are still fragrant ; but the sincere tributes to the memory of Nathaniel White have never been equaled, I fear never will be. No person in New Hampshire has ever had the happy combination of means and disposition to bestow such noble charities as he. I feel myself privileged, after forty years of constant friendship, to unite my tears 176 N^ATHANTEL WIITTE. of sorrow and sympathy with those of his bereaved family and afflicted friends, and to lay a laurel upon the freshly made grave which covers one of earth's true noblemen. " How well he filled up all the days of his years with love for and duty to his family, his kindred, and his friends ; to the poor, to the downtrodden, to the slave, and to all the unfortunate of earth ! He claimed no right or privilege for himself, in the wide domain of nature, that he did not want others to enjoy. Hence he insisted always that the nation should immediately strike the shackles from the slave, and let the oppressed go free. Never himself under the thral- dom of rum and tobacco, lie wished everybody else to be free from it. He exercised the largest liberty himself, and enjoyed perfect freedom of thought and action in religious, political, and other matters ; and he desired every man and woman to do the same. Hence, when he arranged his worldly matters, he gave the ownership and sole control of his business aifairs into the hands of his wife, with whom he had walked life's journey, thereby giving signal proof of his sin- cerity that the wife is the equal of the husband in the sight of Grod, and should be in the love, esteem, and regard of man. He often said that the wife, in the event of the husband's death, should maintain the same rights and the same relation to the family that the husband would if the wife were taken away. In his will he made her responsible to no court or other tribunal. She was only required to make proof of his will, in order that the ownership of all his prop- erty should vest in her. In ail this he recognized the rights of womanhood as well as the rights of manhood. In this way he gave proof of his lielief that the twain, man and wife, are one flesh. '' The Centennial Home for the Aged was the apple of his eye ; and yet he made no large bequests to it himself, having perfect assurance that the wife, who had borne life's burdens with him, and shared his devotion to this noble benevolence, would be equally the author of her own charities and the almoner of his. As a business man and a citizen, his reputation ripened by integrity. It was beautified by sincere sympathy for the poor and the downtrodden ; it was embellished by his generous charities ; and it was endeared by his gentle and win- ning manners. AVhen his final summons came, he had filled out a life of rare usefulness and of singvilar success. " Mr. White was fifty-four years a resident of Concord. In every thing that made for her welfare he was always the foremost citizen. Many others did nobly, but he exceeded them all. In a single matter that vitally aff"ected the city of Concord,* in which the writer was engaged, and in which liberal expen- ditures were needed, he contributed more than all the others combined ; and I make mention of this because the people of Concord should know of his liberality, about which he rarely ever ^poke and never boasted. " In all his aspirations to make himself an honorable name, and to do good to his kindred, his friends, his country, and his race, Mr. White was most fortu- nate and happy in that he had the early suggestion, the prompt encouragement, the ready co-operation, and the ardent sympathy of her who for nearly half a century kept his home constantly blooming with the sweet-scented flowers of aff"ection. " Farewell, noble spirit ! ' Thou 'rt bui-icfl in liglit : (jod spped unto hcavon, lost st.ir n1' our uin'it ! ' We dismiss thee, not to the tomb of forgetfulness and death, but to a blessed memory, an unclouded fame, and to a limitless life." *The retention of the state-house. ' C^~^i^-Z>c^Stu FRANCIS COGSWELL. Francis Cogswell was born in Atkinson, December 21, 1800. He died at his home in Andover, Mass.. February 11, 1880. His death closed a long, honorable, and useful career. He was a gentleman of the old school, strong, steadfast, and true. Grod gave him talents of a high order, and he improved them all. He was honest, not from policy, but because it was his nature to be. His ambitions never clouded his convictions of duty, nor swerved him from the path which his high sense of probity and honor pointed out ; and, after more than fifty years of business activity, and association with thousands of people in almost every relation in life, he could say, as he did : " I die contented. I have no ill will towards any one, and I know of no reason why any one should have any ill will against me.'" He loved his family with a love that never wearied and never forgot ; which dared all things, suffered all things, did all things, that could make for their comfort and happiness. He loved his books. He was a stanch friend, a kind neighbor, and a generous citizen, who never left to others the duties he could discharge. In business, he was sagacious without being a schemer, patient and industrious without being a slave. He had judgment, foresight, and reliability ; and he worked his way to success openly, steadily, and surely. He died universally respected and widely and sincerely mourned. Mr. Cogswell was the son of Dr. William Cogswell, the son of Nathaniel Cogswell of Atkinson, who was born July 11, 1760, and was married to Judith Badger, July 22, 1786. the daughter of the Hon. Joseph Badger, senior, of Grilmanton, N. H., born May 15. 1766, whose children were as follows: William, born June 5, 1787; Julia, born February 20, 1789; Hannah Pear- son, born July 6. 1791 ; Joseph Badger, born August 30, 1793; Nathaniel, born March 5, 1796; Thomas, born December 7, 1798; Francis, born December 21, 1800; George, born February 5, 1808; John, born February 14, 1810, and died August 6, 1811. Julia Cogswell was married to Greenleaf Clarke, of Atkinson, March 1, 1810. They were the parents of William Cogswell Clarke and John Badger Clarke, who are sketched elsewhere in this book. Hannah Pearson Cogswell married William Badger, of Gilmanton, who was afterwards governor of New Hampshire. Their children are Col. Joseph and Capt. William, of the U. S. army. Joseph Badger Cogswell was married to Judith Peaslee, October, 1817. They had six children, three sons and three daughters: William is a successful physician in Bradford, Mass. ; Francis has been a very popular teacher, and is now superintendent of schools in Cambridge, Mass. ; and Thomas is a dentist in Boston. Rev. Nathaniel Cogswell married Susan Doane, October, 1825. He was a set- tled clergyman at Yarmouth, Mass., a man of great influence, and his son John B. D. Cogswell has been speaker of the Massachusetts house of representatives. William, Thomas, and George Cogswell are sketched in this book. 178 FRANCIS COGSWELL. Francis Cogswell received his early education in the public schools and at Atkinson Academy, from which he entered Dartmouth College, where he gradu- ated with honor in the class of 1822. Selecting the law for his profession, he prepared himself for admission to the bar at Exeter, was admitted in 1827, and commenced practice in Tuftonborough, N. H., the same year. He removed, in 1828, to Ossipee. In 1833 he removed to Dover, and was appointed clerk of the court in Strafford county. Nine years later he located at Andover, Mass., and became treasurer of the Ballardvale Woolen Company. May 16, 1845, he was chosen cashier of the Andover bank, to which institu- tion he devoted himself with great fidelity until he was called to the presidency of the Boston & Maine Railroad, in 185G. In this position, his systematic methods, untiring industry, ability to manage men, careful regard for the public and respect for its opinions, and stern integrity asserted themselves, to the great advantage of the corporation and the approval of its patrons ; and his resig- nation, which he tendered in 18G2, caused wide-spread regrets, which grew more and more pronounced until 1865, when he yielded to the general demand and accepted a re-election. His second term lasted until 1871, when he felt com- pelled to lay down the heavy burdens inseparable from the office, and retire from active life. In addition to these, Mr. Cogswell held many other public and private trusts of great responsibility, in all of which his sterling qualities were quietly but eff"ectively asserted. He was a director of the Andover bank for twenty years; treasurer of the Marland Manufacturing Company for twenty-two years ; a trustee of Gilmanton and Atkinson academics, and of the Punchard free school at Andover ; an overseer of Harvard College ; and senior warden of the Epis- copal church at Andover, where he was a constant worshiper for many years. Many private properties were also committed to his care; and his advice was constantly in demand by his neighbors and acquaintances. Mr. Cogswell was a man of pronounced political views, but would never accept political honors. Prior to the war he was a Democrat ; but the attempt of the southern slaveholders to destroy the Union made him an earnest Republican, and one of the strongest supporters of the loyal cause. He was chairman of Andover's war committee, and gave liberally of his means to her soldiers and their families. Mr. Cogswell was married, June 8, 1829, to Mary S. Marland, daughter of Abraham Marland, of Andover, by whom he had eight children. Three of these — John F. Cogswell, of Andover, at the head of the well known and very successful express company of Cogswell & Co., Lawrence, Mass., Thomas M. Cogswell, of Lawrence, engaged in the same business as his brother, and Mary M., wife of William Hobbs, Esq., of Brookline, Mass., — are living. ^ '^.^ ^, ^^-^ HON. .[OSEPH BOND CLARK. Joseph Bond Clark, son of Samuel and Betsey (Clement) Clark, was born at Gilford, N. H., June 21, 1823. He had four brothers and four sisters, of whom two survive, — Samuel C, a lawyer at Lake Village, and Hannah B., widow of the late >yilliam G. Hoyt, of Moultonborough. At the age of seven- teen he began a preparatory coui'se of study at New Hampton Literary Institu- tion, and, after three years, entered Brown University at Providence, R. I., in 18-44, and graduated in 1848. He then spent six years teaching in Massachu- setts and New Hampshire, meanwhile ([ualifying himself for the profession of law, some time with the Hon. Asa Fowler, of Concord, N. H., and with Stej^hen C. Lyford, of Laconia, from whose office he was admitted to the Belknap-county bar in 1853. He however continued for two years longer principal of the Wolfeborough Academy, and then removed to Manchester, N. H. Mr. Clark was soon recognized as a moving force among men, was made city solicitor in 1858-59, representative in the legislature from ward one in 1859-60, and was appointed solicitor for Hillsborough county in 1861 and again in 1866, holding the office ten years in all. In the midst of his varied activities the war broke out ; he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Eleventh Regiment, Col. Walter Harriman, and went to the front to assist in putting down the rebellion. In March of the succeeding year he was promoted to the rank of captain, and was wounded in the battle of the Wilderne.ss, May 6, 1864. He remained with his regiment until the close of the war. and was mustered out of service in June, 1865. In 1867 he was mayor of the city of Manchester. He has been a director in the Merrimack River Bank (now First National ) and trustee of the Merrimack River Savings Bank, since their organization, and is a director of the Nashua, Acton, & Boston Railroad and of the Manchester Horse-Railroad. He was for several years a director of the First Baptist society of Manchester, and chair- man of the building committee, which erected probably the finest church of that denomination in the state. In 1878-79 he represented ward three in the legislature, and was chairman of the finance committee ; and was a member and clerk of the committee for the erection of the soldiers' monument in Manchester in 1879. He married, September 12, 1862, Mrs. Mary Jane (Peabody) Smith, daughter of James H. and Roxana Peabody, of Manchester. She died August 15, 1873, leaving two children, — Mary P. and Joseph M. This record, so brief and yet so full, will suggest better than any words the general estimation of Mr. Clark among those who'know him. Undemonstrative and quiet in his manner, cautioiLs and prudent in action, simple and temperate in habit, he is, above all, a thoughtful and patriotic citizen, whose vote is given for the best measures, and whose example lends force to his words. Conservative by nature, he is yet not slow to place himself on the side of equal justice and truth. HON. GEORGE W. NESMITH. [from history of ANTRIM, BY REV. W. R. roCTIRANK.] JAMES NESMITH, one of tho signers of the memorial to Gov. Shuto. March 26, 1718, and one of the proprietors of Londonderry, was also one of the origi- nal sixteen that first struck for settlement on the soil of that ancient town, April 22, 1719. He was a strong man, worthy of respect, and honored hy his asso- ciates. Was appointed elder of the West Parish Prcshyterian church, at its formation in 1739. The date of his death was 1767, and his age seventy-five. He married, in Ireland, in 1714, Elisaheth, daughter of James McKeen and Janet Cochran. This Elisabeth McKeen was si.ster of Janet McKeen, Dea. Isaac Cochran's mother. She died in 1763, aged sixty-seven. The Nesmiths lived in the valley of the Bann in Ireland, and emigrated to that place from Scotland in 169(1. Dea. James Nesmith had two children in Ireland, and seems to have buried the eldest child there. Seven children were born to them in America. The names of all were : Arthur, buried in infancy in Ireland ; James, born in Ireland in 1718; Arthur, born in Londonderry April 3, 1721 ; Jean, born March 12, 1723; Mary, born Jan. 24, 1726; John, born Feb. 11, 1728; Elisabeth, born Jan. 8, 1730; Thomas, born March 26, 1732; Benjamin, born Sept. 14, 1734. James Nesmith, Jr., the son born in Ireland, was born early in 1718, just before embarking for America, and was brought over in his mother's arms. He married Mary Dinsmore and settled in the northern part of Londonderry. Though an old man when the Revolutionary war broke out. he went with all his heart into the struggle against the British ; marched among the minute-men at the first call, and was a participant in the battle of Bunker Hill. He had chil- dren : James, Jonathan, Robert, Elisabeth, 3Iary, and Sarah; and died where he settled, July 15, 1793. Of these six children, we will only say as follows: James, the oldest, was born in 1^44 ; married Mary McClure (Parker's History is wrong in saying Martha) ; was elder in the West Parish church ; left chil- dren, — William M., Robert, Isaac, James, Martha, Jane W., and Margaret, — of whom William M., the first named, married Harriet Willis, and Avas father of Hon. James W. Nesmith, long U. S. Senator from Oregon. Senator Nesmith was born in 1820, married Pauline GofFe in 1846. and now lives in wealth and honor at Dixie, Ore. The second child of James, Jr., was Jonathan of Antrim; Robert, the third child, married Jane Anderson ; Elisabeth, the fourth child, mar- ried James Cochran of Windham; Mary, the fifth child, married James McClure of Acworth ; and Sarah, the sixth, married Daniel Anderson of Londonderry. Returning now to Arthur, the third child of Dea. James the emigrant, we have to say that he was born April 3,1721. He married Margaret Hopkins, and settled in the south part of Londonderry ; but in later life he moved to the state of Maine. He had two sons in the Revolutionary army, one of whom, John, was a captain noted for valor and strength, but died near the close of the £lco.wr HON. GEORGE W. JS^ESMITH. 181 war from efi'ects df excessive exposure and hardship. Of Jean and Mary, daugh- ters of the first Dea. James, I know nothing. But John, the sixth child of the emigrant, married Elisabeth, sister of Oren. George Reed of Londonderry, settled on the first Nesmith homestead with his father, and died there in 1815, aged eighty-seven. His children were : James of Antrim ; Arthur of Antrim ; John, Jr., who married, first, Susan Hildreth, and, second, Lydia Sargent, and died on the homestead in Londonderry in 1844:; Ebenezer, who married Jane Trotter; Thomas ; Elisabeth, who married Dea. James Pinkerton ; Mary, who married John Miltimore, moving to Reading, Penn. ; and Jane, who married Hugh Anderson. Of Elisabeth, the emigrant's seventh child, I have no data. Thomas, the eighth child, was born March 'Zii. 1732 ; married Annis Wilson, and settled in Londonderry (now the north part of Windham), and had three children : John, Elisabeth, and Thomas, Jr. Of Benjamin, the ninth child of the first Dea. James, I have no information of importance in the present undertaking. JONATHAN NESMITH, second child of James and Mary (Dinsmore) Nesmith, and grandson of the proprietor Dea. James, was born in Londonderry, in August, 1759. He came here in May, 1774, and began to clear the farm that remained in possession of the family until 18G5. He made successive clearings each year, and with vigorous hand put up his log cabin, — though only a boy of sixteen years when he began. He permanently moved here in 1778. He sub- sequently had to pay for the most of his land a second time. Was one of the leading spirits of the town. Was eleven years selectman, and was four times chosen representative of the town. Was always on important committees, and was known and confided in by all. He was chosen one of the elders of the Presbyterian church at its formation in 1778, though only twenty-nine years of age. For fifty years he only failed of officiating at one communion. Dea. Nes- mith was a man of great sociality, — up to jokes, — genial , jolly, and good- natured ; was very hospitable and benevolent ; anxious for the public welfare ; stoutly in earnest to maintain the faith of his fathers ; a man of strong ability, good judgment, and irreproachable character. He was an honor to the town he helped to establish. His death occurred Oct. 15, 1845, aged eighty-six. His first wife was Elenor Dickey, whom he married in 1781. She was the daughter of Adam and Jane ( Strahan) Dickey of Londonderry, and granddaughter of John and Margaret Dickey, of Londonderry, Ireland. She was born Jan. 1, 1761, and died Sept. 17, 1818. He married, second, Mrs. Sarah (Wetherbee) HambHn, of Concord, Mass. She was twelve years of age when she witnessed the battle of Lexington and Concord from her father's door. She saw those brave men fall, remembered everything, and was always fond of telling of those first blows for liberty. She died Jan. 16. 1852, aged eighty-nine. Dea. Nesmith's cabin was burned one day when the family were absent ; and he used to remark, in after years, that he never felt so poor as then. Yet, undismayed, he went about build- ing another, being generously aided by neighbors he had himself always been for- ward to help. After several years he put up a substantial framed house, which was burned March 4, 1841, from a spark catching on the roof. In his old age Dea. Nesmith resigned his office in the church ; and it is spoken of as a remark- able scene, when he stood in the public assembly and offered his resignation, and then, with trembling voice and with uplifted and palsied hand, invoked God's blessing on his successors in coming time. His children were : — 1. James, b. Oct. 5, 1783 ; m. Polly Taylor April 10, 1810 ; cleared and set- tled west of the pond and west of the Steele place, on land now George Brown's, — often called the Boyd place ; went thence to Solon, N. Y., in 182 HON^. GEOKGE W. NESMITH. 1822, with six children. There his wife d. in 1846. In 1852 he m. 2d, Mrs. Susan Clark ; moved to Waukon, lo., and d. there in 1862. He had children : — 3fari/, (]-). in 1811 ; d. in infancy.) Mari/ IJ., (b. in 1812 ; m. John Stillman of Cortlandville, N. Y., in 1888 ; went to Waukon, lo., in 1857, where they now live.) Rev. John T. G., (b. in 1814; studied at Cazenovia Seminary; m. Harriet N. Taylor ; entered the Methodist ministry ; was a faithful and able man ; d. while pastor, at the age of 86.) Hannah E.^ (h. in 1816; m. John Reed; moved to Waukon, lo., in 1857, and d. there in 1877.) Ahigail S., (b. in 1818; became second wife of Isaac Barker in 1847 ; went to Waukon, lo., in 1854.) Mark W., (h. in 1820 ; d. unm., at Solon, N. Y., in 1848.) James A., (b. in 1822 ; carried to Solon, N. Y., when an infant; went thence to Illinois in 1844 ; m. Laura Post.) George W., (b. in Solon, N. Y., in 1825 ; m. Mary C. Farrar of Fairtield, Vt.; resides at Waukon, lo.) Dr. Milton IT., (b. in 1828 ; m. Margaret Donoughue in 1852 ; is now phy- sician and druggist at Waukon, lo.) Woodbury I^., (by second wife ; b. in 1852; remains at Solon, N. Y.) 2. Jean, now called " Jane," or " Jenny ; " b. May 14, 1787 ; m. John Dunlap, June 26, 1807, and d. March 29, 1885. 3. Thomas D., b. March 22, 1789 ; m. Martha Weeks, March 80, 1813 ; suc- ceeded his father on the homestead. His first wife d. in 1828, aged 85, and he m. 2d, Nancy Gregg, Feb. 4, 1880. He d. Sept. 10, 1841, aged 52. The second wife d. Feb. 9, 1856, aged 68. He was known in town as " Capt. Nesmith ; " was captain of the " Antrim Grenadiers," and was often marshal of the day on special occasions. He was a useful man, and d. in his prime. His children were : — Robert W., (h. May 3, 1814; m. Olive Dunlap of Bedford, June 1, 1839; settled in Jefferson, Tex., and d. at Sulphur Springs in that state, Nov. 28, 1866. He left two davighters : Oriette, now in the Metropolitan Railroad office, Boston ; and Sally V., who m. Com. Decatur Morris, and lives in Little Rock, Ark.) Jonathan, (b. Jan. 24, 1816 ; m. Marietta F. Morrill of Franklin, Nov. 15, 1841 ; inherited the homestead of his father and grandfather, sold the same in 1865, and two or three years later moved to Hancock, where he now re- sides. He was the last of the name in town. At one time there were three Dea. Nesmiths in town, known as " Dea. James," " Dea. Arthur," and "Dea. Jonathan," and they each had nine children, — making, with sisters and friends, nearly forty by that name in this place. Jonathan's children are : Jennie M., who was b. Sept. 23, 1842, — an excellent teacher ; Thomas S., who was b. May 12, 1846, and d. at the age of three years ; Fannie H., who was b. Dec. 8, 1848, and m. Frank H. Baldwin, June 19, 1876, resid- ing in Keene ; Annie M. T., who was b. Sept. 12, 1852 ; Abbie Isabel, who was b. Nov. 15, 1854, and d. 1856 ; Miles G., who was b. Sept. 26, 1857; Addie M., who was b. Jan. 27, 1860 ; and John S., who was b. May 5, 1863.) Sarah E., (b. Dec. 24, 1818, m. John W. Buttrick, and lives in Lawrence, Mass.) Miles, (h. Feb. 2, 1821 ; went to California in 1849, and was driver for the California Stage Company ; the horses became unmanageable, and the whole HON. GEORGE W. NESMITH. 183 team was thrown down a fearful precipice near Virginia City, Nov., by which the driver, all the horses, and most of the passengers were instantly killed. This sad event occurred in December, 1862.) Harriet F., (b. Feb. 2, 1823, m. Walker Flanders, and lives in Lawrence Mass.) Martha J., (b. June 9, 1825; m. Isaac P. Cochran of Windham, Nov. 12. 1846.) Melviri, (b. Dec. 20, 1830 ; d. in Sacramento, Cal., Dec. 31, 1853.) Eiram G., (b. Feb. 18, 1833; d. in Jefferson, Tex., in 1857.) Nancy E., (b. Jan. 24, 1836, m. Josiah Melville, and lives in Nelson.) 4. Adam, b. March 5, 1792 ; m. Rebecca Dale ; settled in Beverly, Mass., and d. Jan. 15. 1865. 5. Mary D., " Molly Dinsmore " on town record, b. April 11, 1794; called " Long Mary," being tall in form ; a talented, respected, and Christian wo- man ; d. unm. April 6, 1874. 6. Margaret, b. May 4, 1796 ; d. unra. in 1827. 7. Isabel, b. March 6,- 1798; d. unm. March 8, 1862. 8. Hon. George W., b. Oct. 23, 1800 ; was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1820; m. Mary M. Brooks; settled in the practice of law at Franklin ; was long judge of the New Hampshire supreme court, remaining on the bench until relieved by the constitutional limitation of years. Is now presi- dent of the N. H. Orphans' Home, and trustee of Dartmouth College ; is a man of noble principles and honored life, enjoying in his old age the high- est confidence and esteem of men. The degTee of LL. D. was conferred upon him by Dartmouth College. He stands among the best and noblest of the sons of New Hampshire, and is an honor to his native town. CHARLES MARSH. Yankee courage, integrity, and judgment have won no more substantial or more splendid triumphs in the business world than are reflected from the dry-goods palace of Jordan, Mjxrsh, & Co., a house whose grand successes have made it famous throughout the mercantile world. The foundations of this magnificent establishment were laid in 1851 and 1852, by three young men, two of whom were natives of New Hampshire. The head of the firm, Eben D. Jordan, when fourteen years old had gone up to Boston from his home in Maine, and began his business career as an errand boy, and in a short time had been promoted to a clerkship, in which position he made himself master of the dry-goods business, and while doing it became ac<[uainted with two other young men, Benjamin L. and Charles Marsh, who had left their father's house in Chesterfield, N. H., and sought in Boston an opening in which pluck, push, and perseverance, unaided by influential friends or unearned capital, could carry them on to success. In 1852, Messrs. Jordan and Benjamin L. Marsh established the firm of Jordan, Marsh, & Co., and the next year Charles Marsh, tlien a clerk in the store of Pearl, Smith, & Co., was admitted as a partner. The house began in a small way ; it had behind it little but the splendid counxge and the remarkable abilities of the three young partners ; but these were sufiicient to win a fair share of business, and a reputation which was better than mimey, and in a short time it was firmly established in the confidence of the mercantile world and the good will of the public. In eight years the business had grown to two million dollars per annum, and since that time it has steadily and rapidly increased, until the firm controls the dry-goods market of New England, and. in many lines, of the entire country. The elder Marsh died in 1856, leaving his partners to carry on and com- plete the grand enterprises he had helped project and begin. His brother still remains to share with Mr. Jordan the triumphs of the firm. In the early days of the business, Charles Marsh was an active salesman, and was accounted one of the best ever known in Boston. Afterwards, he took charge of the wholesale department, which has since been and still is under his personal supervision. In conmiercial circles and in the store he has a clearly defined and high rank as a manager, with rare combination of talents. His coolness, his thorough knowledge of the business, his level-headed judgment, and organizing and execu- tive capacity are a})undantly attested in the great and rapid growth of the whole- sale business. He is a balanced man ; and how necessary this quality is to success in an enterprise of this magnitude, only those who have seen houses go to wreck for lack of it can tell. The elements of personal popularity in his character, and his extensive acquaintance throughout the country, help to explain his success. For nearly thirty years his steady hand has been felt at the helm, and yet he seems to-day only in the prime of his powers. LL (Xy'^y^^ l^Le^^^ HON. GEORGE BYRON CHANDLER. The subject of this sketch is a member of a family that has long occupied a prominent and honorable place in New Hampshire history. His parents, Adam and Sally (McAllister) Chandler, were worthy representatives of the strong- minded, able-bodied, industrious, and successful citizens who in the early part of the century tilled the farms and shaped affairs in our farming towns. They re- sided upon a fertile farm in Bedford, which was the birthplace of their four children. Of these, the three sons — Henry, John M., and George Byron — are all citizens of Manchester, and are now engaged in the banking business. The only daughter is dead. The boys spent their boyhood upon the farm, doing their share of the work ; but their parents^ were solicitous that they should be fitted for some more profitable calling, and gave them all the school privileges of the neighborhood, which were afterwards supplemented by academical instruc- tion at several state academies. His home work, his studies at Piscataquog, Gilmanton, Hopkinton, and Keed's Ferry academies, and his duties as a teacher at Amoskeag, Bedford, and Nashua, occupied the boyhood of George Byron Chandler until the age of twenty-one, after which he spent one year as a civil engineer in the employ of the Boston, Concord, & Montreal Railroad. In the spring of 1854 he decided to devote himself to a business instead of a professional career, and, coming to Manchester, entered the grocery house of Kidder & Duncklee as a book-keeper. The next year he was offered a similar position in the Amoskeag Bank, which he accepted, and filled so acceptably that eighteen months later he was promoted to the teller's counter, and remained there until the organization of the Amoskeag National Bank, in 1864, when he was elected its cashier and entered upon the discharge of the duties of this re- sponsible position, which he still holds. That he has won in it the continuing confidence of its managers, who are among the most sagacious of financiers, and the hearty approval of its numerous owners and patrons, is the best testimony to his fidelity and efficiency. His success in this capacity led the trustees of the People's Savings Bank, when it was organized, to select him as its treasurer, and the success of this institution is another reflection of his patient and skillful work. These two banks, of which he is the chief executive, are among the strongest in the country ; and it is much for him to be proud of that they have grown so great in resources and public confidence during his administration. Mr. Chandler has also been prominently, honorably, and profitably indenti- fied with many other financial enterprises which have been conspicuous for their success. He has been the treasurer of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company since it« organization, in 1870 ; he was for five years a director of the Manchester & Lawrence Railroad, and has been for several years its treasurer ■ he was a director of the Blodget Edge Tool Company and of the Amoskeao- Axe Company, during their existence ; and he has been for years constantly 13 186 HON. GEORGE BYRON^ CHANDLER. intrvisted with numerous private trusts involving the management of most exten- sive and important interests. Mr. Chandler has an ample fortune, and a large income which he scatters with a free hand. He gives liberally and buys freely. The representatives of a worthy object who appeal to him for aid seldom go away empty. His residence and grounds, which occupy an entire si^uare, are among the most costly and at- tractive in the city, and are noted as the home of good taste, elegance, and hearty hospitality. He is a leader in social life and active in city affairs. For several years he has been an officer of the Amoskeag Veterans, and is now president of the New Hampshire Club, composed of the leading business men of New Hampshire, which he was largely instrumental in organizing. He has read much, and traveled extensively in this country, and has a wide acquaintance with its distinguished men, and a valviable knowledge of the resources, customs, and char- acteristics of its several sections, which he has often been called upon to utilize for the benefit of others in lectures before schools and also in addresses before public assemblies. From his early days Mr. Chandler has been an active member of the Uni- tarian Society in Manchester, and has served for years as one of its directors and president. Like other organizations with which he has been identified, this has been frequently indebted to him for liberal donations in money and a zealous support in many ways. In 1874, the Democratic party of the Manchester district elected him to the state senate, where he served with credit to himself and the city. He declined a renomination. In 18G2, Mr. Chandler married Miss Flora A., daughter of Hon. Darwin J. Daniels, an ex-mayor of Manchester, who died in May, 18G8, leaving an infant daughter, who did not long survive her mother. His second wife, who now presides over his mansion, is the only daughter of Col. B. F. Martin, of Manchester, to whom he was married in 1870. Three children — Benjamin Martin, Alexander Rice, and Byron — are the fruit of this union. Of these, the oldest and youngest are living. /^"^^^-^^^-^^^^r^ HON. NAPOLEON B. BRYANT. BY HON. J. M. SHIRLEY. The subject of this sketch was born at East Andover, N. H., on February 25, 1825. His mother was of Revolutionary stock, and from one of the oldest fam- ilies in town ; and was one of those sunny-souled "Mothers in Israel," who, half a century ago, were alike the glory and honor of our New England homes. His father was a man of high character and fine natural endowments ; but was in straitened circumstances. As there was no lawyer in that part of the town where he lived, nor within several miles, he acted as a magistrate, trial and otherwise, for many years ; and his services were sought in making deeds, wills, and con- tracts, formulating notices and the like, organizing voluntary corporations, settling the estates of deceased persons, and in this class of business usually intrusted to lawyers. His son grew up in this atmosphere, the influence of which, with his father's strong desires, determined the choice of his profession. The world lavishes its praise upon, and often loads with honors, the self-made man, for that implies a successful one. It too often forgets the rugged path which leads thereto, and the hard discipline — the heroic treatment that so often kills — which enables him to attain that position. As a rule, it crowns with honors the victors as they sweep the summit-heights, but furnishes no headstone for the dead that mark the ascent and block the pathwaj'. Young Bryant had the hard lot so common " among the hills ;" but he had health, hope, courage, ambition, and the glow-fire of a fervid imagination, which enabled him to succeed when others ■' By ihe wayside fell and perished, Weary with the march of life." Until ten years of age, he had the limited educational advantages afforded by the district school, gaining one term at a private school when about seven, by walking two miles and a half each way, dail}^, to attend it. At ten he entered the high school at Franklin, taught by Master Tyler of Andover, an author of some note and a teacher of high repute in those days, and remained for half a term, — all - that the limited means of the family would permit. A similar privilege was accorded at eleven and again at twelve. At the age of fourteen he borrowed money enough of a relative to defray the expense of an entire term at Boscawen Academy, then under the charge of Mr. Ballard, of Concord, a graduate of Dartmouth, giving his note therefor, which he repaid with interest at the end of three years. Here he studied trigonometry and surveying, and for several years afterwards earned considerable sums to aid him in prosecuting his studies by sur- veying in his own and adjoining towns. When fourteen he " cast off the lines" and assumed the entire burden of his support and education. To aid in this work he commenced teaching when fifteen, and taught every winter until he left college. Thus lacking means, he drifted about, a term at a time, among the various academies in the state, at Concord, Claremont, Grilmanton, and Xew Lon- don, until he entered New Hampton, joining a class which was to fit for college 188 HON. NAPOLEON B. BRYANT. in one year from that time. Here, through the kindness of the faculty, he took the studies of the freshman year, entered the sophomore class at Waterville at the same time his fellow-classmates entered as freshmen. At the academies and in college he developed an intense passion for debate, and tof)k a leading part in all the lyceums at home and the societies connected with the various institu- tions of learning he attended, to which he undoubtedly owes much of the freedom and ease that have since characterized his eiforts on the hustings and at the bar. When he was about twelve, his father gathered at his house the dehns of what had been an excellent town library. The son reveled in this feast of good things, reading everything from Goldsmith's " Animated Nature," to Paley's Philosophy. With boyish enthusiasm he devoured the pages of RoUin, without the slightest idea, that, except when the old Jansenist relied upon others, he was reading romance instead of history. This gave a new impetus to his desire for what was then termed a "liberal education." At twenty-two he entered the office of an eminent law firm — Ncsmith t.^ l^ike — at Franklin, and after something less than two years' hard study went to Harvard Law School, from which he graduated in 1848 ; was admitted to the bar of Grafton county at the November term of the same year, and, having opened an office at Bristol in that county in November, 1848, upon his admission, entered upon the active practice of his profession. At twenty-five he was elected one of the commissioners of the county of Grafton and held the office for three years, being chairman of the board two years. At twenty-nine he was appointed prosecuting attorney (solicitor) for that county, and discharged its duties with marked efficiency. In 1853 he removed from Bristol to Plymouth ; and from that time was engaged on one side or the other of nearly every important cause there tried by the jury. The county of Grafton was created in 1771. It was a large county and had for its shire towns Haverhill on the Connecticut and Plymouth on the Pemige- wasset. It had at the outset, as it now has, a bar of exceptional character and ability. Some of the greatest forensic and legal battles of the century — like the celebrated Dartmouth College case of national reputation — were lost and won here. Over the highest court, Smith, Richardson, and Parker, a triad of illustrious chief-justices presided, followed by Gilchrist, Woods, and Perley, but little less distinguished. Here, in the olden time, Jeremiah Mason, the foremost jurist of his day, Daniel and Ezekiel Webster, the Sullivans, and their compeers, " rode the circuit " after the custom in the mother country. These great advo- cates, after exhaustive preparation, spoke to crowded court-rooms, the people flocking to these entertainments like men to a feast. Then oratory was in de- mand at the bar ; but now, in its place, is required a dry summary, as terse and pointed as an auditor's statement of accounts. When Mr. Bryant became actively engaged in jury trials, the bar was not what it once was, for Livermore, (Jlcott, — the father-in-law of Choate, — Wood- ward, and others were in their graves ; Woods and Wilcox were on the bench ; Ira Perley had removed to Concord ; and Joe Bell had left the state. But there were Goodall, with his varied experience and eventful life; Felton, active, pre- cise and mathematical ; Duncan, whose earlier efforts were regarded by competent critics as at least equal to those of his famous brother-in-law, Choate ; Harry Hibbard, scholar, lawyer and statesman ; that dark haired " giant of the moun- tains," Bingham; Bellows and Sargent, since chief-justices, — headed by their ac- knowledged leader, Josiah Quincy, one of the most practical, sagacious, and clear- headed men in the state. Here, too, occasionally came Perley, with combative blood, incisive speech, and immense law learning, to enter the lists with that child of genius and prince of cross-examiners and advocates, Franklin Pierce. It was no child's play for a young man to withstand the " cut and thrust " of such, and contest for supremacy with them before twelve men. HON^. NAPOLEON B. BRYANT. 189 Lawyers know that those who are almost invincible before a referee, auditor, chancellor, or the full bench, are often failures before a jury. Nothing tests or taxes a lawyer's nerve, knowledge of men, tact, readiness, fertility in resource, and the power of reconstruction or combination, like a jury trial, and he only who has been through it — unless it be the woman who is so unfortunate as to be his wife — can fully appreciate the strain of the minute and laborious prep- aration which precedes, the anxious days witiiout food and nights without sleep which attend the progress of the trial, and the collapse after the verdict, espe- cially if it be an adverse one. when a young practitioner is pitted against one of the leaders. It is a hard experience ; but it schools him in his work, and enures him to the hardships of campaigning. Mr. Bryant tried his first cause before a jury, against Mr. Quincy, and won. The veteran congratulated his youthful op- ponent and predicted his success at the bar. At the next term he was pitted against his old instructor, Mr. Pike, and one of the judges wrote his father a note highly complimenting the efforts of the son in that important and exciting trial. In 1855, Mr. Bryant removed to Concord and entered into partnership with Lyman T. Flint, Esq., who had assisted him at Xew Hampton in fitting for the sophomore year. His practice soon extended to Belknap and Hillsborough, while he retained his hold in Merrimack and upon his old clients in (jrrafton, where he attended the courts as before. Mr. Bryant had hitherto acted with the Democratic party, in whose faith he had been reared, but in 1856, in common with thousands more, in the whirlwind which swept the North after the the passage of the Nebraska bill, and the troubles which had arisen in Kansas, he supported by voice and vote the nomination of John C. Fremont, speaking in all the large towns and in nearly every county in the state. From that time until he left the state in 1860, he probably made more stump-speeches than any other man in it. In 1857 he was elected representative from ward six in Concord, was re-elected in 1858 and 1859, and was speaker the last two years. He originated and carried through, against a violent opposition, the act making parties witnesses. At this day the act seems eminently proper ; but then it was regarded by many as portentous of evil, sub- versive of social order, and revolutionary in the extreme. Its constitutionality as applied to pending suits was affirmed in Rich vs. Flanders (39 N. H., 304), against the dissent of two of the six judges, Chief- Justice Bell and Judge Bellows, who, as a member, had strenuously opposed its passage. When the Know-Nothing party, so called, carried the state in 1855, one of their first acts was to overthrow the entire judicial system of the state, by repeal- ing the acts creating it, and to erect a Siamcse-double-headed-partisan one upon its ruins. The system proved expensive and became odious, not only to the en- tire Democratic party, but to the bar and influential class, irrespective of j^arty relations, and to potential forces in the then Republican party. In 1859, Mr. Bryant devised the system, which, with a brief exception, has been in force to the present time. It was carried after an intensely bitter con- test. He made up the committee on the judiciary, to whom the bill was referred. It consisted of ten members, four of whom were Democrats headed by the vet- eran Quincy, five radicals, and one conservative Republican. Two of the six were for the bill and one was on the fence. The moss-backs, politicians, and lobbyists swarmed, and great eff"orts were made to defeat it. The four Demo- crats on the committee at first voted for their own bill, and then notified the friends of the new one that on the test vote the}' should give them a solid sup- port, which would enable them to bring an affirmative report into the house. Caucuses were held almost every night of actual session to hold the timid ones in line, and prevent their yielding to the great pressure to which they were subjected. 190 HON. NAPOLEON B. BRYANT. An incident occurred during his speakership in 1859, which illustrates Mr. Bryant's readiness, courage, and political forecast. The theory that it was the right of every state and everybody in it to nullify the laws of congress whose constitutionality had been affirmed by the federal supreme court was much more popular in the North then than it became after the election of Mr. Lincoln. Lengthy petitions headed by A. T. Foss, A. Folsom, and Stephen Thayer, "praying for the enactment of a law that no person held as a slave shall be de- livered up within this state," were presented. They were referred, as a matter of course, to the committee on the judiciary. Parker Pillsbury, Polder Foss, Dr. Hawks, and others ajjpeared for the petitioners at the hearing, and made eloquent speeches in support of their petition. They had the candor, courage, and direct- ness which characterized the old-time Abolitionists. They did not attempt to de- ceive the committee or any one else, but avowed that their purpose was by the bill proposed to array the state against the general government. The hearing closed. The four Democrats voted against the bill, and the chairman with flushed face demurred at such legislation ; but five out of the sis Republicans voted for the bill, and without a word of warning it was reported to the house by a party vote. It was read the first time without objection, and upon a division was ordered to a second reading by a vote of one hundred and thirty-four to one hundred and one. Mr. Bryant called Mr. Parker of Lempster — since a member of congress — to the chair, took the floor, and in an elo(juent speech denounced the bill as nul- lification pure and simple, and moved its indefinite postponement. A sharp de- bate followed. Three lawyers who had voted for the bill in the committee defended the principle of it mainly upon the ground that everybody had the right to judge of the constitutionality of the bill at which the proposed law was aimed, and that the opinion of the supreme court was of no more account or binding force than the opinion of a like number of other persons. Mr. Bryant replied, and the result was that two members of the majority of the committee voted to sustain their nullification report, four, including the one who reported the bill to the house, voted against their own rej^ort, and the bill was defeated by a vote of two hundred and seventy-nine to nineteen. He had a natural gift for the position, and left the speaker's chair with the respect of all for his ability, his fairness, and his unvarying courtesy as a presiding officer. In 18GU, Mr. Bryant was at the Chicago convention as a substitute delegate, working strenuously and elfectively for the nomination of Mr. Lincoln. He stumped the state for him, and after his election removed to Boston. Since he has resided in Massachusetts, he has refused to hold any political office whatever, and has only interested himself in polities in speeches during the state and national campaigns. Since his residence there he has devoted his time almost entirely to an active, extensive, and constantly increasing general practice in several counties in eastern Massachusetts, in both the state and federal courts, and not infrequently has been called to his old circuit in New Hampshire, when he could spare the time. The importance of the cases in which he has been en- gaged, and the character of those opposed to him, are sufficient evidence, if any were needed, that he is a trained lawyer, a skillful, eloquent, and able advocate. He delivered the centennial oration in his native town in 1879, and, for some reason unknown to the writer, rendered the same service for the town of Brandon, Vt. He has also occasionally delivered lectures before lyceums and the like. When twenty-four, he married Miss Susan M. Brown, of Northfield, N. H., a woman of high personal character and accomplishments, and who proved all that any man could wish as a wife and mother. Three children still survive. In private as in professional life, Mr. Bryant is noted as a genial and courteous gentleman. HON. OLIVER PILLSBURY. BY HON. J. W. PATTERSON. William Pillsbury, from whom most and probably all of the Pillsburys of this country have descended, emigrated from Dorchester, England, and set- tled in old Newbury, now Newburyport, Mass., about the year 16-41. Oliver Pillsbury, the subject of this sketch, sprung from this line. He was born in Henniker, N. H., February IG, 1817. His parents. Deacon Oliver Pillsbury and Anna Smith Pillsbury, were both persons of unusual physical and mental strength. The writer recalls distinctly, after a lapse of more than thirty years, the amiable expression and serene dignity of Mrs. Pillsbury, and the masculine thought and deep, solemn voice of the deacon as he led the devotions of the religious assemblies of the people. He was one of the strong men of the town and a pillar in the church. Others might veer and drift, but we all knew that the deacon was anchored within the veil, and was as sure to outride the storm as the hill upon which he had fixed his home. He was a man of strong powers, a stern will, and constant devotion to the great ends of life as he saw them. The qualities of both parents were transmitted in large measure to their children. Our state has produced but few men who were the peers in intellectual strength and moral courage to their first born, Parker Pillsbury. Not many men in our country, indeed, in the years that preceded the civil war, struck heavier blows for, or clung with a more courageous, self-sacrificing devotion to, liberty than he. Those of us who knew him could hear the deep undertone of the deacon's voice in his, and knew he would conquer or die. In the roll-call of the imperishables in the great struggle for liberty, his name will be heard among the first. Of such stock is Oliver, the fifth son of Dea. Oliver Pillsbury. During the first seventeen years of his life he experienced the usual fortune of the sons of New England farmers, — a maximum of hard work and a minimum of schooling ; but at that time, having been overtaken by a lameness which threatened to be permanent, he was sent to the academy, that he might prepare for duties suited to his prospective infirmity. He entirely recovered, but this circumstance gave a new drift to his life. For nearly five years he pursued his studies with unabated interest and industry, giving thoroughness and a practical character to his acqui- sitions by teaching during the winter months. Mr. Pillsbury had few equals and no superiors among those who taught at that time in our public schools. He was master both of his school and his studies, and had the faculty of inspiring his pupils with his own spirit. Many who have since done good work in life look back with gratitude to those years of pupilage. In 1839, Mr. Pillsbury left New England and went to New Jersey, where he opened a tuition school, there being no free schools in the state at that time. There, though an entire stranger, he gained the confidence of the whole com- munity at once, and held it during eight years of successful work. During the 192 HON. OLIVER PILLSBURT. last six years of this time he taught the academy at Bound Brook, Somerset county. While there he married Matilda Nevius, who died in 1847, leaving a young daughter, an only child. The position which Mr. Pillsbury acquired among the educators of New Jersey may be learned from the fact that he was prominent among the few gentlemen who held the first school convention at the capital, over which he presided, and which was followed by similar conventions in other cities. The movement thus begun resulted in the establishment of public instruction in that state. To have been a leading spirit in the accomplishment of so beneficent a work, in a sojourn of only eight years, should be a perpetual honor to the life of any man. At the end of this time, Mr. Pillsbury's health having become impaired, he returned to his native place, where he purchased the paternal homestead and entered again upon the work of his boyhood. For seventeen years he followed the life of a farmer, but did not move in its old empirical ruts. He applied the knowledge and improved methods which modern investigation has given to agri- culture, and in a little time doubled the productive power of his farm. The successful factor in every industry is brains, and in this case even New Hamp- shire farming proved no exception to the rule. In 185(1, Mr. Pillsbury contracted a second marriage with Miss Sarah Wilkins, of Henniker, his present esteemed and accomplished wife. Though assiduous in the pursuits of agriculture, his benevolent instincts led him to take an active interest in the causes of temperance, anti-slavery, and what- ever else the public welfare seemed to demand. His eflForts in this direction, in co-operation with those of others, produced a change in the politics of the town, which resulted in his introduction to public life. He was elected moderator of town-meeting fourteen times, selectman six times, and to the legislature three times. In all these trusts he showed himself wise, able, and efficient. As a legislator, he did not seem anxious merely to shine, but to be useful, and to advance the interests of the state. Such qualities and service commended him to public favor, and in 1862 he was elected a councilor for the last year of Grov. Berry's administration, and re-elected to the council of Gov. Clilmore. This, it will be remembered, was while the hardships and horrors of the civil war were upon us, and when questions that could not be settled by precedent, and that tested the authority and resources of the state, were brought daily before the governor and his council for decision. The exigencies of the government would not suffer delay. Not only great permanent interests, but the very life of the nation was in peril, and large and frequent demands were made upon the states for supplies of men and money, when every resource seemed exhausted. In such times means must be invented and resources created. Criticism becomes silent, and waits for the return of peace to awaken into unreasoning activity. Under the pressure of such events, weak men are likely to be paralyzed, avaricious men corrupt, and bold men to abuse power. The qualities which Mr. Pillsbury developed in these trying circumstances ought to make his name historic. The writer has received communications from two gentlemen who were associated with him in the council, and whose services to the state are universally acknowledged, and, as they express more forcibly than any words of mine can do the part which the subject of this sketch took in that eventful period. I take the responsibility to publish such portions of their respective letters as bear specially upon the subject of this paper. The known character of the writers will give additional weight to their strong language of encomium. Hon. John W. Sanborn, of Wakefield, writes as follows ; — '■ Learning that you are to prepare a biographical sketch of Hon. Oliver HON. OLIVER PILLSBURY, 193 Pillsbury, T take pleasure in saying tliat I formed acquaintance with him iu 1863, being then associated with him in Grov. Grilmore's council. His great executive ability, patriotism, honesty, and integrity won the respect and admiration of all- his associates. At that time the country was engaged in that terrible war for the support of the government and its own salvation, and grave (|uestions came before us relative to the prosecution of the same. Although an ardent Kepub- lican, he never let partisan feelings warp his judgment in his official acts. He had strong convictions of right, but was always ready to discuss all questions with that frankness and fairness which characterize men of noble minds, and he fully appreciated the opinions of his ojjponeuts. I had the honor to serve with him on the military committee of the council, which had important matters to consider, — ((uestions involving the rights and interests of the soldiers, their families, and the state. The duties of this committee were arduous and often difficult, but I can attest to the fidelity and untiring energy with which he per- formed his part. He took great interest in the welfare of the soldiers, particu- larly the sick and wounded, and was ever ready to minister to their wants. In a word, he was a model councilor for the time in which he served, and the future historian will class him among our ablest and most efficient men." Hon. John W. Noyes, of Chester, who was also in official association with Mr. Pillsbury, says : — " I was with him a very considerable portion of the time for two years, while we were members of Gov. Gilmore's council, during the war. He was the most important member of the council, on account of his past experience and famil- iarity with the duties of the situation ; in fact, his information and good judo-- ment were exceedingly valuable to the governor, and all the other members of the council. " I regard Mr. Pillsbury as one of the best-informed and most competent business men in this state. I hardly think that there is another man in the state that could fill his present position as well as he does. I told Gov. Stearns before he made the appointment, that, if he knew Mr. Pillsbury as well as I did, he would not need recommendations, but would urge his acceptance of the place." It would be idle to add anything to such commendations. In 1869, Mr. Pillsbury was appointed insurance commissioner, by Gov. Stearns, for a period of three years, and has been re-appointed from time to time to the office, which he still holds. Soon after his appointment he drafted and secured the enactment of the present law of the state relative to insurance com- panies of other states and other countries. This law established the department of insurance, and has given to the people a degree of protection against the frauds and impositions of unreliable companies never before enjoyed in this state, and has brought into its treasury, by tax on insurance premiums, over one hundred and twelve thousand dollars, in addition to the compensation of the commissioner. During the whole term of his office, Mr. Pillsbury has worked quietly but assiduously to eliminate unreliable companies from our borders, and has carefully avoided the admission of all such as are not regarded as perfectly trustworthy. It is universally affirmed by men familiar with the insurance business, that the commissioner of this state has administered his office with unusual skill and success, and his reports are much sought for and often quoted and referred to as authority in other states. The state may well congratulate itself on having had the continued services, for thirteen years, of one so able and experienced in an office so intimately connected with the material interest of the people. 194 HON. OLIVER riLLSBURY. In 1871, Mr. Pillsbury moved to Concord, and the estimation in which he is held in the community is attested by the fact, that, during the eleven years of his residence at the capital, he has twice been elected to represent one of its wards in the legislature, and has been a member of its board of education for seven years, and was president of the board at the time he tendered his resignation. When a member of the legislature, Mr. Pillsbury was eminently practical, and whenever he spoke was listened to with marked attention ; for he only addressed the house on subjects that he had thoroughly considered, and it was understood that his remarks were likely to aid the members in reaching a wise and just conclusion. As one of the supervisors of the educational interests of Concord, Mr. Pillsbury was exceptionally intelligent, conscientious, and painstaking. His views on the general subject were comprehensive, and he kept himself informed as to all real improvements in methods of instruction. He discountenanced shams, and labored faithfully to make the schools sources of knowledge, of discipline, and of virtue. To the other public trusts so honorably held by the subject of this sketch, we may add that of trustee of the State Industrial School. He has had a deep and abiding interest in this institution since its founding, and has given to it an active and efficient support. We can only realize how pure and unselfish his labors of this character have been, when we reflect that Mr. Pillsl)ury has no children of his own to kindle and feed his sympathies, but that they spring from a general benevolence toward all children of whatever condition in life. His only child was a daughter of rare mental activity and attainments, and of unusual sweetness of temper. She married Mr. J. S. Eveleth, of Beverly, Mass., where, after a residence of nearly two years, she died of consumption, in the flower and promise of early woman- hood, leaving two homes stricken and desolate. In this brief sketch we have unconsciously drawn a model citizen, — a man in all the relations of life faithful to the claims of duty ; in the family, society, and the state, blameless ; benevolent without ostentation, patriotic without the claim of reward, and true to every trust. " While we such precedents can boast at home. Keep thy Fabricius and thj' Cato, Rome." 1^ -^./^^ CORNELIUS VAN NESS DEARBORN. Early as 1639, and only nineteen years after the landing of the Pilgrims, John Wheelwright, a dissenting minister from England, gathering a company of friends removed from Massachusetts bay to Exeter in the province of New Hampshire. Among the thirty-five persons who signed the compact to form a stable and orderly colony is found the name of Grodfrey Dearborn, the patriarch of the entire Dearborn family in this country. Forty years before, he was born in Exeter, England, and in 1637 landed at Massachusetts bay. He lived at Exeter ten years, and in 1649 moved to Hamp- ton, built a framed house which is still standing, became a large land-holder and town official, and died February 4, 1686. Few men of the early settlers have left a family name so widely represented" as Grodfrey Dearborn. His descendants are numerous in every county of New Hampshire, and are to be found in every part of New England. It is worthy of note, that among the descendants of Clodfrey Dearborn the practice of medicine has been a favorite occupation. Benjamin Dearborn, of the fifth generation, graduated at Harvard in 1746, and, entering upon a successful practice at Portsmouth, died in his thirtieth year. Levi Dearborn had for forty years an extensive practice at North Hampton, and died in 1792. Edward Dearborn, born in 1776, was for half a century the medical adviser of the people of Seabrook, and acquired a handsome estate. Glen. Henry Dearborn, who gained a national reputation by his brilliant services in the Revolutionary war, and as the senior major-general of the United States army in the war of 1812, was a prac- ticing physician in Nottingham when summoned to join the first New Hampshire regiment raised in 1775. To-day several of the ablest physicians of the state bear the name. Toward the middle of the last century the Dearborn family had been quite generally distributed through Rockingham county. Peter Dearborn, the great- grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Chester in 1710. Of his children, Josiah, born in 1751, married Susannah Emerson, the daughter of Samuel Emerson, Esq., a substantial Chester farmer. He learned the trade of a shoemaker, but, on the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, entered the army as a private, and was stationed at Portsmouth under Col. Joseph Cilley. After- wards he did honorable service, first as a private, and then as lieutenant in northern New York, and finally closed his enlistment by an expedition to New- port, R. I., in 1778. Returning from the war, he and his family found a new home thirty miles westward in Weare. It was not an unfitting 'location. With its sixty square miles still mostly covered with a dense forest of oak, maple, and beech, with its uneven surface nowhere rising into high hills, it had a strong soil, which, when cultivated, yielded large crops of hay and grain. It was already a growing town- ship, and thirty years later became one of the four leading farming towns of the state. Here Josiah Dearborn passed his life, raising a family of eleven children, 196 CORNELIUS VAN NESS DEARBORN. nine of whom were sons. Samuel, the fifth son, and father of the subject of this sketch, was horn in r7lt2. The district-Bchool system was not organized in New Hampshire until 1806, and the children of that time had scanty opportuni- ties for instruction. Young Dearborn and his brothers were reaching manhood, when farming in the eastern states was depressed by the recent war with England and the occurrence of seA^eral cold summers. Migration westward had com- menced, and the Deai'borns for a time debated the expediency of a removal to the Western Keserve. They at length decided to locate in Vermont, and in 1816 five of the brothers and a sister removed to Corinth, a town in the eastern part of Orange county. Here Samuel Dearborn settled upon a farm, soon after married Miss Fanny Brown, of Vershire. whose {)arents were natives of Chester, N. H., and here he passed a long and useful life. He died December 12, 1871, in the eightieth year of his age. His wife had died in 1836. Of scholarly tastes, he was for many years a teacher of winter schools. An active member of the Freewill Baptist denomination, his religion was a life rather than a creed. Cornelius Van Ness Dearborn, the son of Samuel and Fanny Dearborn, was born in Corinth, Vt., May 14, 1832. His name was in compliment to the then ablest statesman of the state, who had filled the offices of governor and min- ister to Spain. Cornelius was the youngest but one of seven children. His childhood was passed in a strictly agricultural community. Corinth, lying among the foothills of the Green Mountains, is one of the best farming towns in eastern Vermont. Without railway facilities, with scanty water power, its inhabitants depend for a livelihood upon the products of the soil, from which by industry they gain a substantial income. Few in Corinth have ever accumulated more than what is now regarded as a fair competency, and very few have encountered extreme poverty. A more industrious, law-abiding, practically sensible people would be difficult to find. W^hen four years old, young Dearborn met with the saddest loss of childhood — a mother whose intelligence, forethought, and womanly virtues had been the life and light of the household. He early joined his older brothers in the labors of the farm, attending the district school for a few weeks in summer, and ten or twelve weeks each winter. When fifteen years old, he attended the spring term of the Corinth Academy, and continued at intervals for several terms later. In the winter of 1848-49, his seventeenth year not yet completed, he taught the school of a neighboring district. His success warranted his continuance as teacher ifc the vicinity for the five following winters. Continuing his farm labors in summer, he in the meantime developed a mechanical capacity in the making of farm implements and the designing of buildings, — a natural aptitude which has been of great service in maturer years. Soon after attaining the age of eighteen, Mr. Dearborn determined to enter upon a course of study preparatory to a professional life. Before leaving Cor- inth he commenced the reading of law with Rodney Lund, a young man who had commenced practice in the vicinity. In March, 1854, at the suggestion of his maternal uncle, Dr. W. W. Brown, he came to Manchester, and renewed his law studies in the office of Hon. Isaac W. Smith, with whom he remained till his admission to the bar in the fall of 1855. In December, 1855, he opened an office at Francestown. The town afiorded a safe opening for a young practitioner, but not one for large profits. There was a time, after the close of the war of 1812, when the trade of Francestown village exceeded that of any other locality in Hillsborough county. But the opening uf the railroad to Nashua, and soon after to Manchester, entirely changed the centers of trade and business, and left Francestown to become a respectable and very quiet village. cor:n:elius van ness dearborn. 197 Hitherto, Mr. Dearborn, while entertaining positive views, had not actively participated in political discussion. But the year 1856 witnessed the consoli- dation of the anti-slavery sentiment of the country. It had already so far con- centrated its strength in New Hampshire as to have secured the state government and a unanimous representation in Congress. The nomination of John C. Fre- mont for president, in the summer of that year, hastened the organization of the anti-slavery elements of the entire North under the name of the Republican party. In common with a majority of the intelligent young men of the state. Mr. Dearborn entered into this contest with all the zeal, vigor, and enthusiasm of one whose action is untrammeled by personal or partisan ends. The campaign which followed was the most brilliant and far-reaching in its results of any in the polit- ical history of the nation. No idea ever agitated the American mind to which calculating selfishness was more foreign. Even the great uprising which brought about the war of Independence was less free from selfish motives. And, though the general result in the presidential election of that year was adverse, yet in New Hampshire, as in every state north of Pennsylvania, the returns clearly showed that the cause of freedom had acquired an over-ruling strength. In June, 1857, Mr. Dearborn was united in marriage with Miss Louie Frances Eaton, daughter of Moses W. Eaton, of Francestown, and grand-daughter of Dr. Thomas Eaton, a physician of long and extensive practice, and one of the most enterprising farmers of his time. In 1857 he was elected county treasurer, and re-elected in 1858. It was the first public position he had held, and its duties were satisfactorily discharged. In 1858 he removed to Peterborough, occupying the office of E. S. Cutter, Esq., who had recently been appointed clerk of the courts for Hillsborough county. He resided in Peterborough till 1865. During this time he was in partnership with Charles G. Cheney, and afterwards with Albert S. Scott, both of whom have since died. He represented the town in the legislature in the years 1861 and 1862, being a member of the judiciary committee. In the summer of 1865 he removed to Nashua, for the purpose of continuing the practice of his profession. An accidental purchase led to a change of occu- pation. The JVashna Telegraph had for many years been edited by Albin Beard, a genial, witty, and, withal, accomplished writer. Under him the Telegraph had acquired a marked local popularity. He died in September, 1862. Its present publishers were inexperienced writers, and illy qualified to satisfy the admirers of its former editor. The Telegvaph was rapidly deteriorating in value and influence. The senior proprietor inquired of Mr. Dearborn what he would give for his half of the establishment. A somewhat nominal price was oifered, and much to the surprise of Mr. Dearborn was accepted. He at once entered upon the duties of editor and financial manager. Under his direction the Telegraph was rapidly recovering its patronage and influence, but at the end of two years his health failed, and a change of occupation became a necessity. He disposed of his inter- est to the present editor, Hon. O. C. Moore, and resumed the practice of law. Since his residence at Nashua, Mr. Dearborn has contributed largely to the improvement of real estate, to the erection of improved school-buildings, and in his capacity as member of the board of education to the reconstruction and greater efficiency of the public schools. He was appointed register of probate for Hillsborough county in 1868, and held the office till 1874. For several years he was treasurer of the Nashua & Lo-^yell Railroad, and is still one of the directors. In his official action he aided largely in sustaining the measures which have placed that corporation in the front rank of profitable railways. Nearly twenty years ago, while a resident of Peterborough, he was appointed, 198 CORNELIUS VAN NESS DEARBORN. by the governor, one of the Bank Commissioners of New Hampshire. In that capacity he became acquainted with the extent and peculiarities of the financial institutions of the state. In 1864 and 1865, he actively superintended, in his ofiicial capacity, the converting of the state banks of discount into the national banks of the present system. In March, 1866, he was appointed Examiner of the National Banks for the state of New Hampshire, a position which he still holds. He is the only person who has filled this position since the organization of the national banking system. In the discharge of the duties of Bank Examiner, ofiicial fidelity requires that the investioation shall be thorough and exhaustive. That during the past sixteen years but a single instance of defalcation has occurred resulting in loss among the forty- nine national banks in the state, is pretty conclusive evidence of a dili- gent and careful supervision. From the length of time he has held the position, he has become familiar with the indications of laxity, lenity, negligence, not to mention recklessness, which mark the first steps of danger to a banking insti- tution- and his suggestions and warnings to bank officials have not infrequently been of advantage to the public generally as well as to stockholders, where no publicity has been gained through the press or otherwise. Personally, Mr. J)earborn is not an ostentatious, obtrusive, aggressive man. He has no fondness for newspaper notoriety, no solicitude lest he shall be over- looked by the public. In politics and religion he is liberal and tolerant, conced- ing to others the utmost freedom of opinion. Attending to his own duties, it is not his habit to interfere with the personal afi'airs of others. But when attacked without reason or provocation, no matter what his pretensions, his assailant will speedily find that he has need for a prudent husbandry of all his resources. Mr. Dearborn is a member of the Congregational church. His two children are sons. The older, John Eaton, born November, 1862, is acquiring a business education. The younger, George Van Ness, born August, 1869, is attending the public schools. His house is pleasantly situated on Main .street, and is one of the desirable residences in the city. Still in the prime of life, his many friends have no reason to doubt that in the future, as in the i>aet, he will be adequate to any responsibility which may devolve upon him. COL. JOHN BRACEWELL. A. M. BY REV. GEO. B. SPALDING. D. D. The subject of this sketch was born June 18, 1837, in Clitheroe, England. Clitheroe is a busy cotton-manufacturing town on the Ribble, and in the greatest cotton-manufacturing district of the world, Lancashire. The father, Miles Bracewell, from his early boyhood had been engaged in printing calico, having served his apprenticeship with James Thompson & Sons, who owned and managed the Primrose Print- Works. James Thompson was a famous manufacturer, his enterprise and liberality being known throughout Europe. For many years Miles Bracewell had charge of the '"color depart- ment" in the Primrose Print-Works. He afterwards went into business for himself, and at the time of his death was the senior partner and principal owner of two print-works, — one at Oakenshaw and another at Kersal Yale. It was while the father was in the service of James Thompson, that John Bracewell, then a very small boy, was regularly apprenticed to this distinguished manufacturer. The institution of apprenticeship, in anything like its English thoroughness, is little practiced in this country. For a long period in England the term apprentice was applied equally to such as were being taught a trade or a learned profession. The term of seven years was regarded as much a necessity for the learner in any craft, as for the scholar seeking to attain the degree of doctor, or master in the liberal arts. Although the laws which formerly made the apprenticeship compulsory have been abolished in England, yet the principle is universally recognized there in the form of a voluntary contract. Of its im- mense advantages in the way of securing the most thorough knowledge, and high- est skill in the learner, no one can doubt. Mr. John Bracewell, who probably to-day holds the foremost place among those engaged in his business in this country, is a living argument for the excellence of the apprentice system. . He began his tu- telage as a lad. He began at the lowest round in the ladder of his advancement, and was long and rigidly held at each last until he could safely mount the higher one. There was a very superior French chemist employed in the Primrose Works, and no little of the boy's studies were under him. When eighteen years of age, Mr. Bracewell had established such a reputation for proficiency in the mysteries of color that he was offered a tine position in a great carpet manufactory in France, but his father advised him to decline this flat- tering offer, feeling that the responsibility was too great for one so young. That subtle but irresistible influence which for so many years has been drawing such tides of population from Europe to America was already settling the question as to the country where this young man was to work out his great success. Only a month after he had declined to go to France, he received and accepted the offer of a position as assistant manager in the Merrimack Print-Works, Lowell, Mass. There he remained five years and a half, winning for himself a distinguished reputation by the energy and skill of his management. Certainly it argues some 200 COL. JOHN BRACEWELL, A. M. unusual qualities in his work while there, some extraordinary gifts and capacities in his nature, that could have led the Cocheco Manufacturing Company to call this youno- man of twenty-three years of age to its most responsible position, that of superinteudent of its print-works. There were no less than thirteen applicants for this office. The directors, with entire unanimity, made choice of this young- est of them all, and gave to him the unlimited charge of the most important department of their great industry. Soon after entering upon his new duties, Mr. Bracewell took advantage of the suspension of work in the manufactory, made necessary at that period of the civil war, to enlarge his scientific knowledge by attending lectures on analytic chemistry at Harvard College. He studied with great thoroughness this science during a five months' course, and at the same time dii^ected the many repairs and changes which were being made in the print-works at Dover. With the beginning of the year 1861, Mr. Bracewell took up his residence in Dover. The remarkable enterprise and judgment of the new manager made themselves at once felt. For just twenty years he continued in his position. These years witnessed a series .of brilliant succes.ses. He showed himself to be a genius in his profession. To his originating, creative mind he joins an unusual power of adapting to his own uses suggestions coming from whatever source. By his sheer abilities, his indomitable energy, his quickness of insight, his tireless perseverance, and his perfect command of the minute details of every branch of his work, Mr. Bracewell soon lifted the Cocheco goods to the very head of their class, and held them there to the last day of his service. The production of the print-works very nearly (juadrupled during this period. In 1864, Mr. Bracewell was marriid to Mary Harriet Hope, of Lowell, Mass., whose noble character death has made the more precious to many friends. There were born to them three daughters and one son, all of whom are living. During Mr. Bracewell's residence in Dover he endeared himself to all classes of people by his large-hearted liberality, his great geniality, and his keen per- sonal interest in whatever aff"ected the welfare of the city or the condition of every individual in it. He was an ardent supporter of his church, which he greatly loved, and every good cause in the community. He was quick to suggest, and ready to lead any movement which was helpful to the material and moral advancement of Dover. With a view of benefiting the city, and also as a sound investment for his own advantage, Mr. Bracewell built, in 1879, a substantial and attractive block, consisting of nine stores, which spans the Cocheeho river. It bids long to stand, a fitting monument of his public spirit and wise foresight. Though born and educated an Englishman, he became an ardent, patriotic American citizen from the very day that he touched American soil. His pride and hopes for America are as intense as any native son's. His love for Dover is as tender and steadfast as though its air was the first he breathed. The church with which he first iinited, he still regards as his home. He long served her as a most efficient superintendent of its Sunday-school, and when he was about to remove his residence from Dover, out of a great desire to see the church freed from the burden of a debt of thirteen thousand dollars, Mr. Bracewell, by his payment of a tenth of the sum, led on others to such generous donations that the debt was speedily extinguished. Mr. Bracewell may still be regarded as a New Hampshire son, and a citizen of Dover. His nature will not allow him to lose elsewhei'e the very great inter- est which twenty years' sojourn here has created in him. It may well be expected that he will some time return to permanently abide among friendships whose preciousness he and his host of friends so fully appreciate. In January, 1881, Mr. Bracewell received an off"er to go into business at North Adams, Mass., and as the physicians thought his wife's health would be COL. JOHN BRACEWELL, A, M. 201 better there than in Dover, he decided to make the change. The directors of the Cocheco JManufacturing Company, by ofter of an increase of salary of from ten thousand to fifteen thousand dollars a year, and other inducements, sought to retain Mr. Bracewell in their employment; Mr. Bracewell, however, removed to North Adams, purchasing a third interest in the Freeman Manufacturing .Com- pany of that place, and the same success which was acquired in Dover has fol- lowed his abilities into the great business which he represents at North Adams. The Windsor calicoes, and other products of the Freeman Manufacturing Company, already stand in the market among the foremost of their class. In 1877, Mr. Bracewell received the degree of Master of Arts from Dart- mouth College, — a distinction well earned and worthily bestowed. During Gov. Prescott's term of office, Mr. Bracewell served as a member of his staff, with rank of colonel. Mr. Bracewell's remarkable activity has not been shut into his business. The intensity of his nature comes out to an undiminished degree in his politics, his friendships, his public spirit, and his religions faith. His sympathies are quick and universal ; his enthusiasms are communicative and inspiring ; his affections are tender and loyal. 14 ',> ALBERT H. HAYES. Too many of the old homesteads of New Hampshire have gone to decay. Deserted and dUapidated buildings, decrepit fences, and unharvested crops of briers and weeds, where but a generation ago there were the homes of comfort, industry, and thrift, tell a sad story of what our state has done to supply the brain and brawn which have developed the resources of others. But now and then there is a farm which has not only been preserved and made to retain its old-time attractions, but improved, beautified, and adorned, by liberal outlays dictated by good judgment and cultured taste, until it has become the envy of all who admire elegant buildings, fertile fields, and fine flocks and herds. Many of these are the property of men who grew up rugged, strong, and self-reliant among our hills, went out in early manhood in (|uest of greater o})portunities than could be found or created at home, and, having won fortunes abroad, have loyally brought them back to the town of their nativity to rescue old firesides from irreverent ownership, to erect upon old sites modern mansions, to coax from an unwilling soil great crops, to furnish people with employment and courage, and to return in a hundred ways substantial thanks for the privilege of having been born in New Hampshire. Of this class is the Hayes farm in Alton, now owned by Dr. Albert H7Hayj:s, who has brought back, from the golden sands of theT*acific, the ample means which enable him to add to the natural attractions of his lakeside birthplace all that money can command in the creation and embeUishment of a country home. David Hayes, who was a sturdy farmer of Scotch descent and a native of Straffor'd7i3ur chased and settled upon a farm in Alton about the year 1790. He had three sons and three daughters, and in time the oldest son, Joseph, succeeded him as the holder of the title to tlie farm. This son married Betsey; Brewster, a daughter of Greorge Brewster, of Wolfeborough, by whom he had eiglvt children, of whom six still survive. The seventh was born September 6, 1886, and named Albert Hamilton/ His parents were well to do and appreciated the value of an education, so that, as he grew up, while he did his share of the work on the farm, he had the advantage of the winter schools, and was afterwards sent to the academies at New Hampton and Northfield. At the age of twenty-one he had completed his studies at these institutions, and concluded that it was easier to buy farm produce than to raise it, and that a place containing more people and more money would suit him better than Alton, and, going to Boston, commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Abner Ham, of that city. Subsequently, he attended lectures at Columbia College in the District of Columbia, and graduated at n Pennsylvania university. Meantime he had served as a hospital surgeon in the army for two years, and in 1870, having ac(|uired the necessary funds, made a prolonged European tour. On returning to America, Dr. Hayes extended his travels through this coun- try, and in 1874, with an eye to business and pleasure, went to California. Here he soon became acquainted with John W. Mackey, the Bonanza king, and ^ ALBERT H. HAYES. 203 other prominent financiers on the coast, and as a result formed a partnersliip with J. M. Walker, a former partner of Mackey, under the firm name of Hayes & Walker. As a member of this firm, and as an associate witlr Mackey, Mr. Hayes, during the next three years, did an extensive banking and brokerage business, handling a vast amount of money, and reaping handsome profits, which enabled him, a little later, to buy largely of the stock of the Bonanza mines, which were then pouring a steady stream of wealth into the laps of their owTiers. Becoming convinced that this would not continue, and that other mining prop- erties were more desirable, he sold out his interest, and after a long investigation bought outright the Eed-Hill gravel mines, in Trinity county, California. This purchase, which includes eleven hundred acres of land, in which are located seven mines, and extensive water rights, upon which in that coiintry the value of a gold mine largely depends, makes iMr. Hayes the sole owner of by far the largest and most valuable mining property held by a single individual in the state of California, and establishes his place among the few who have been able to seize and hold the glittering prize for which so many have striven since the western slope began to 3'ield its treasures. While thus seeking his fortune elsewhere, Mr. Hayes has retained his resi- dence in Alton and his lively interest in all that concerns the town and state. The homestead upon which he was born is his, and he makes it his home during the summer. He has expended a large amount in improving it, a barn costing fifteen thousajid dcjllars being among the latest additions. When the house, which he has planned to match it, is erected, the establishment will be one of the finest in the state. 1 ^ In 1870, 1877, and 1878, Dr. Hayes represented Alton in the legislature. OjCift^ He married, in 1877, Jessie B. Benjamin, daughter of E. M. Benjamin. Esq., of San Francisco, a relative of Judali P^Benjamin, of Louisiana, and a lady of rare literary attainments and social accomplishments. Their only child — Lloyd Benjamin Hayes — was born May 21, 1880. With so much success behind him, Mr. Hayes is still a young man, as cheoy and active and energetic as when he first left New Hampshire. He has an extensive knowledge of the world, a wide circle of acquaintances among those who shape the politics and business of the country, and hosts of friends who have been won by his unfailing good nature, liberality, and courtesy. He is jiledged, when he has done making money, to come back to New Hampshire and spend it. HON. GEORGE COGSWELL, A. M.. M. D. BY JOHN CROWELL, M. D. GrEORGE CoGSWELL was born in the town of Atkinson, N. H., February 5, 1808. He came from that sturdy stock of ancestors whose history is so closely interwoven with the early life and enterprise of New England. In 1635, John Cogswell, a prosperous Englishman of good estate and standing, established a settlement in the town of Ipswich, now Essex, Mass., on a grant of three hun- dred acres of land, which have remained in the Cogswell name, in regular line, to the present time. His maternal ancestor was (liles Badger, who settled in Newbury, Mass., the same year. These ftimilies have been closely allied by mar- riage, and their descendants have been prominent in church and state, in medicine and in letters. The father of the subject of this sketch, Dr. William Cogswell, was a medi- cal practitioner of wide reputation, noted for his executive and judicial abilities. He was appointed chief surgeon of the military hospital at West Point during the Revolutionary war, closing his service in 1785, when he settled in Atkinson, N. H., practicing his profession until the close of his life, January 1, 1831. yis mother was Judith Badger, daughter of Gen. Joseph Badger, Sen., of Gilmanton, N. H. She was a woman of great force of character, of devout piety and strong faith. When in her ninety-fourth year, after her earthly vision had become dim, the name of Jesus would light her face with a radiant glow of loving recognition. This devout woman united with the church in Atkinson in 1810, on which interesting occasion her husband and their three oldest children joined her in the act of consecration ; and on the same day their six younger children were baptized by the pastor. Rev. Stephen Peabody. The youngest of these nine children died in infancy. All of the remaining eight became pro- fessors of religion, and lived to a good old age, in the enjoyment of the honors and dignities of the high official trusts committed to them. Of this large family, the subject of this sketch alone survives (1882), vigorous in his three- score years and ten, and actively engaged in the discharge of the duties of his several official trusts. Dr. George Cogswell received his preliminary education at Atkinson Academy, where his love for scientific investigation soon became manifest. He commenced the study of medicine with his father, whose wise instruction and safe counsel did much to shape the future career of the aspiring student. In his desire for a wider culture in the line of his chosen profession, he became a private student to Reuben D. Mussey, M. D., LL. D., and for two years enjoyed the instruction of this distinguished lecturer on anatomy and surgery. Early in 1830, he became a pupil of John D. Fisher, M. D., of Boston, who, at that time, was the most noted auscultator in New England. Dr. Fisher showed his confidence in his ambitious student by giving him the main practical charge of the House of Industry, at that time located in South Boston. The grateful pupil held the most intimate relations with his distinouished teachers during their lives. Kf''' i:)^<^^i^(-'-^ HON. GEORGE COGSWELL, A. M., M. D. 205 In 1830 he was graduated Doctor of Medicine from Dartmouth College, with the honors of his class, and the same college conferred upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts in 18G5. Dr. Cogswell at once commenced the practice of his profession in Bradford, Mass., in August. 1830, and soon entered into a large and successful business. He brought to his work the discipline of hard and intelligent study, and his great desire was to advance the standard of medical practice in Essex county. He was the first physician in " Essex North " who made intelligent use of auscultation and percussion in the diagnosis of disease. In his desire for a wider knowledge in the range of his profession, especially in the line of siirgery, he visited Europe in the fall of 1841, spending the suc- ceeding winter in visiting the hospitals of Paris, and in attending the lectures of the distinguished men who at that time had attained a position in medical science surpassing, in point of investigation and practical analysis, that of any other city. In the following spring he visited the principal cities of Italy, and for a while studied in the hospitals of London. On his return to Bradford he at once resumed the practice of his profession. He boldly and successfully attempted capital operations in surgery, and became the leading surgical operator and consulting physician for a large circuit. He fitted up a well appointed dissecting-room, and the advantages of his instruction were sought by many students, who can attest to the thoroughness of his teaching, especially in the department of surgical anatomy. His knowledge of technical anatomy was quite remarkable, and sometimes his students would contrive a plot to " stump " the " old doctor '' by an intricate quizzing upon some obscure nerve or vessel. The attempt always proved futile ; but the cunning students did not enjoy the fire ot (juestions that followed from their teacher, who all too easily perceived the " soft impeachment." The term "old doctor" was applied by the students before their preceptor was thirty years old. In 1844, Dr. Cogswell was oflPered a professor- ship in the medical department of one of the leading colleges of New England, which he declined. He early manifested his interest in the elevation of the standard of medical practice, by suggesting to his professional brethren the importance of a local organization, and through his efibrts the Essex North Medical Association was formed, composed of the leading physicians in the northern portion of the county. This society has had a vigorous growth, and is now merged into the Massachu- setts Medical Society, under the title of the " Essex North District Medical Society." Although retired from active practice, he retains his membership in this society, and regularly attends the Cjuarterly meetings, participating in the scientific and practical discussions, and manifesting a lively interest in the success of the younger members. Dr. Cogswell has been called upon to fill many positions of responsibility and trust ; and since he retired from the active duties of professional life his whole time has been absorbed in the transaction of business of a public and private nature. He was elected president of the Union Bank in Haverhill, Mass., at its organization, in 1849, and was elected to the same office when that institution became the First National Bank, in 1864, which position he still retains. For many years he has been vice-president of the Haverhill Savings Bank, and was for a time a successful railroad president. He was an active member of the Chapman-Hall meeting in Boston, which organized the Republican party in Massachusetts, with which party he has ever been in full accord. In 1852 he was a member of the electoral college of Massachusetts, which gave the vote of the state for Gren. Winfield Scott ; and also a member of the college of 1864, which srave the vote of the state for Gren. 206 HON. GEORGE COGSWELL, A. M., M. D. Ulysses S. Grant. He was a delegate from the sixth ilistriet of Massachusetts to the Chicago convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln for president in 18G0. In 18,58 and 1859, he was a member of the executive council of Massa- chusetts, with Nathaniel P. Banks as governor. In 1862 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, collector of internal revenue for the sixth district of Massa- chusetts. After holding this office for four years, he was removed by President Johnson, without cause; but was again appointed to the same office by President Grant, in 1870, which ])osition he held until 1875, when this district was consoli- dated with two other districts. This was one of the largest and most im^iortant paying districts in the country, and under the administration of Dr. Cogswell its affiiirs were conducted with marked efficiency, and with absolute correctness. Dr. Cogswell has always taken a deep interest in educational matters, and he has given some of his best service to the management of im])()rtant schools. He has been, for a long time, a trustee of Atkinson Academy, and is also a trustee of the Peabody Academy of Science, in Salem, Miiss. But the crowning work of his life in the department of education has been in connection with Bradford Academy. For nearly fifty years he has been a trustee of this famous school, and during most of this time has had the entire management of its financial affairs. His efficiency in this work is best illustrated by the success of the school in all its departments. The splendid appointmcsnts of this academy for the higher education of young ladies, the ample grounds, the perfection of the school edifice, the excellence of the teachers, and the scope of its curriculum, give it a promi- nence and a power not excelled })y any similar institution in the land. It may be safely estimated that Dr. Cogswell, by his long connection with this, the oldest school for young ladies in the country, has had a wider personal expe- rience in matters of internal management, in consultation with teachers, and in advising with reference to pupils, than any man connected with an institution of this character ; and he has the pleasure, with his associate trustees, of seeing this school, by the generosity and interest of its many friends, placed upon an enduring foundation. He was elected, in 1869, a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and is also a member of tlie New England Historic-Genealogical Society. In the great reforms that have occurred during the last half-century, Dr. Cogswell has given his influence by judicious advice and consistent example. He coumienced active life with the temperance movement, and by precept and example has ever advanced the cause. He was also an ardent supporter of the anti-slavery movement from the beginning of that great controversy. Dr. Cogswell is evangelical in his religious convictions, and has never departed from the traditions of his ancestors. In 1831 he became, by profes- sion, a member of the First Parish Congregational church in Bradford, and has always been identified with its growth and prosperity. In 1860 he assisted in forming the " Haverhill Monday Evening Club," a private organization limited to twenty-five members. This club is composed of gentlemen of literary tastes, residing in Haverhill and Bradford, and the meet- ings afford delightful recreation in the discussion of literary, scientific, and social to2ncs. This is one of the oldest and most successful clubs in Massa- chusetts, and its unique character has suggested similar organizations in many neighboring cities. In 1831 he married Abigail Parker, daughter of Peter Parker, Esq., of East Bradford, now Groveland. Her ancestors were noted for intellectual ability and force of character. She was born September 6, 1808, and died July 23, 1845. The children of this marriage are as follows : — Abby Parker, born September 25, 1832 ; graduated at Bradford Academy ; HON. GEORGE COGSWELL, A. M,, M. D. 207 married Hon. George F. Choate, judge of probate and insolvency of tlie county of Essex, INIass., October 20, 1859. George Badger, born Seitteniber 15, ISiU; fitted for college under the tuition of Benjamin GriH'nleaf, and at (lihuanton Academy; entered Dartmouth College in 1851; followed the sea before the mast from 1853 to 1855, sailing up the Mediterranean, and around the world. In the winter of 1855-50 he attended Harvard Medical School, and graduated as M. D. from Dartmouth College in 1857 ; from 1857 to 1859, was resident physician in charge of the state alms- house at Bridgewater, Mass. He settled in North Easton in 18G0, where he now resides, enjoying a large and successful practice; was surgeon of the Twenty- Ninth Massachusetts regiment during the war ; was on the staft" of Gen. Wilcox as acting medical inspector of the ninth army corps, and for two months was incarcerated in Libby prison ; medical director of Massachusetts Department, G. A. R., in 1874 and 1875. He received the honorary degree of A. M. from Dartmouth College in 1880. He married Catherine Babsou Brown, of Brad- ford, February 18, 1858. William Wilberforce, born January 22, 1887 ; died August 5, 1837. William, born August 28, 1838. He fitted for college at Phillips (Andover) and Kimball Union academies; entered Dartmouth College in 1855; made a voyage around the world, before the mast, in 1856 and 1857, doubling Cape Horn and Cape of Good Hope ; graduated at Harvard Law School in 18G0, and admitted to the practice of law the same year ; entered the United States military service in 1861, as captain of volunteers ; promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1862, to colonel in 1863, and brevet brigadier-general in 1864; discharged from service July 28, 1865 ; commander of the post at Atlanta during its occupation by Gen. Sherman's army ; was under Banks in Shenandoah valley, Pope in Virginia, McClellan at Antietam, Hooker at Chancellorsville, Sherman at Cl-iattanooga, Atlanta, Savannah, llaleigh, and at the final surrender ; commander Massachu- setts Department, G. A. R., 1870 ; senior vice-commander United States military order, Loyal Legion, of Massachusetts, 1870 ; was four times wounded, once severely. He now resides in Salem, Mass., and was mayor of that city from 1867 to 1869, and from 1872 to 1873, inclusive ; member of the house of repre- sentatives in 1871 and 1872, and in 1881 and 1882. He married, June 20, 1865, Emma Thorndike Proctor, who died April 1, 1877. He was again mar- ried, December 12, 1881, to Eva M. Davis, of Salem. Dartmouth College conferred on him the honorary degree of A. M. in 1878. Sarah Parker, born March 23, 1843 ; graduated at Bradford Academy. In 1871 she made an extended tour in Eurojje, in company with her brother-in-law, Judge Choate. In 1846, Dr. Cogswell married Elizabeth Doane, youngest daughter of Hon. Elisha Doane, of Yarmouth. Judge Doane was a man distinguished for wisdom and exactness, belonging to one of the most respected and cultivated families on Cape Cod. The following are the children of this marriage : — Elisha Doane and Susan Doane, born September 22, 1847. Susan died -November 29, 1847 ; Elisha died April 6, 1850. Doane, born April 29, 1851 ; graduated at Phillips Academy, Andover, and at Dartmouth College in the class of 1874 ; studied medicine two years at Harvard Medical School ; is now extensively engaged in agriculture, on one of the largest farms in Flssex county. CaroHne Doane, born August 2, 1852; graduated at Bradford Academy; and in 1878 visited the most interesting ])ortions of England, Scotland, and the continent of Europe. In 1878, Dr. Cogswell made his second visit to Europe, and was at the 208 HO^. ftEORGE COGSWELL, A. M., M, T>. World's Fair, in Paris, during that year. He included in his travels the moun- tains and lakes of Switzerland, and portions of Germany, Belgium, and Holland. He also visited the rural di.striets of England, Scotland, and Ireland, giving much attention to the agricultural capabilities and resources of the countries through which he passed, and manifesting, at the age of seventy, the same enthusiasm in all objects of interest that characterized his former visit, thirty-six j^ears before. Amid his multiplied cares and duties. Dr. Cogswell has found time to devote no little attention to agriculture ; and his broad acres, on the sunny slope of "Riverside," give evidence of successful labor. There, amid the rural retirement of his country home, he passes the summer months of his green old age, with his delightful family, receiving his friends with the easy, cordial grace of old-time hospitality. His interest in all that relates to the welfare of the people among whom he has lived for half a century remains unabated. The public schools, the intellectual and social life of the town, improvements in agriculture, and the dignity and proprieties of local management, — all claim his attention and enlist his co-operation ; and to him belongs the noble prestige of the honored and beloved fellow-citizen. " His prosperous labor fills The lips of men with honest praise ; And, sun by sun, the happy days Descend below th(! golden hills." {jkoAUu d^Pexxytnuli. HON. CHARLES A. PEABODY. Hon. Charles A. Peabodt, of New York city, was born in Sandwich, in Strafford (now Carroll) county, N. H., on the 10th day of July, A. D. 18U, and was the son of Samuel and Abigail Peabody, who were natives of Boxford, Essex county, Mass. His paternal "grandfather was Richard Peabody, of Box- ford, an officer in the war of the Revolution, who had a command at Ticonderoga and elsewhere. His mother, whose maiden name was Wood, was the daughter of Jonathan Wood, also of Boxford. His maternal grandmother's name was Hale. Her family claimed to be descended from a branch of the family of Sir Matthew Hale. On his father's side he is descended from Welsh ancestry. The name of Peabody (as tradition of heraldry has it) is composed of two words, — pea, meaning mountain, and hoadie, meaning man, — and signifies mountain man, or man of the mountains. It was first borne by a chieftain of a clan in the mountains of Wales. After the battle between Nero and Boadicea, about the year 61, the Queen's forces, although routed, refused to surrender, and such of them as escaped the sword of the Romans fled to the mountains, and there maintained a wild independence under a chieftain, who, from that fact, acquired the name of Peabody, or man of the mountains. The father of our subject, who was a lawyer of fine talents, and much respected as a gentleman of high moral and social qualities and much general culture, was graduated from Dartmouth College in the class of 1803. He was a college-mate of Daniel Webster and Ezekiel the cherished brother, whose name Daniel desired always to have associated with his own. An intimacy between himself and Ezekiel, contracted in college, continued throughout their lives. He lived and practiced law in Sandwich, Epsom, and Tarn worth, N. H., at difi"erent periods of his life; and, after retiring from business, moved to Andover, Mass., in his native county, for the better education of his younger children, about 1843, where he died in 1859. His wife survived him, and died at Andover in 1872. The subject of this sketch — the oldest of ten children — was educated partly by private tuition at his father's house, partly in Massachusetts, and partly in the classical schools (academies) in the northern part of New Hampshire, — at Wolfeborough, Gilford, Sanbornton (now Tilton), and Gilmanton. He fitted for college with the intention of entering Dartmouth, the alma mater of his father. Failure of health at the critical time defeated that purpose, however, and had almost unlimited control over his movements and destiny for a time much longer than the term of a college course. In the years 1832 and 1833 he lived most of the time in Beverly, Mass., where he taught and studied as health and circumstances permitted. In 1834 he went to Baltimore, attracted by advan- tages of climate over northern New Hampshire, and the greater facilities afforded there for his temporary occupation of teaching, by which to support himself and render needed pecuniary aid in the education of younger members of the family. There he pursued the study of law in the office of Nathaniel Williams, at that 210 HON. CHARLES A. PEABODY. time attorney of the United States for the district of Maryland. He remained in Maryhind a littk' more than two years, when he returned to New England and entered the law school of Harvard University. He remained there until 1839, when he went, in November oi" 1839, to the city of New York, where he has since resided. There he entered an office as a student, introduced by the late Rufus Choate, of Boston. But he soon commenced business as a practitioner at the bar. In 184G he married Julia Caroline Livingston, daughter of James Duane Livingston, of the city of New York. Mr. Peabody continued the practice of law in the city of New York, taking- no active part in politics, but always observing with interest the course of events in the general government, and especially those connected with slavery and the slave power. He was an unconditional Whig, and his residence at the South in early life had given him su(;h knowledge of slaver}^, in its effect on the slave, tlie owner, the free population, white and colored, and on general prosperity, that he early formed very positive opinions concerning it and its very great evils. On this, as on all other subjects, he was conservative and temperate in his opinions and feelings, taking no part in extravagant denunciations of those engaged in it, but always deprecating such courses as being, to his mind, not only inexpedient and unwise, but also unjust. AVith the strongest possible convictions against slavery on all grounds, moral and economic, he counseled moderation in the treat- ment of it. He was ever opposed to intemperate agitation, as tending to no good, but liable to lead to great evil. He was for years prior to the formation of the Republican party an active member of the LTnion Safety committee in New York, a body of conservative gentlemen of the highest character, organized to repress acrimonious treatment of the subject, as tending to alienate the different sections of the country, and to imperil the peace and possibly the integrity of the nation. When the Republican party was organized, adopting as its principles on the subject of slavery that it might remain undisturbed where it then existed, but should on no condition be extended into territory where it did not then exist, he accepted those views as the best terms for freedom to be obtained peaceably, and perhaps the best the lovers of freedom were warranted under the constitution in demanding. In 1855 he was a member of the convention which organized the Republican party of the state of New York. In the same year he was the can- didate of the Republican party for election as justice of the supreme court of the state, to succeed Robert H. Morris, but his party was in the minority. In the same year (1855) he was appointed, by the governor of the state, justice of the supreme court, as the successor of Henry P. Edwards, deceased. In 185C he was appointed justice of the supreme court of the state to fill a vacancy created by the resignation of James R. Whiting. In 1857 he was again the candidate of the Republican party for justice of the supreme court, but the party was not sufficiently strong to elect him. He served on the bench of the supreme court the terms for which he was appointed, and received more than the votes of his party at the times he was nominated for election. While serving as justice of the supreme court, and when his term in that court was about to expire, he was offered, by the governor, the appointment of city judge. This would have made him judge of the court of general sessions, the principal criminal court of the city, having jurisdiction of cases of the highest class. This appointment he did not accept. In 1858 he was appointed, by the governor of New York, commissioner of quarantine, to succeed Ex-Gov. Horatio Seymour, with authority to abolish the then present station and erect a new one elsewhere, as the commission might decide. His associates in this com- mission w^ere men of the highest character, and the commission was one of HON. CHAKLES A. PEABODY. 211 importance at the time, — just after tlic quarantine buildings had been destroyed by a terror-stricken mob, and the wildest fears that contagious (liseases might be transmitted from such a station had taken possession of many minds. In 1862 he was appointed, by Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, judge of the United States Provisional Court for the state of Louisiana. This court was called into existence by the necessities of the federal government in respect to its foreign relations, after the conquest of New Orleans and other parts of Louisiana by the army of the United States, during the late w^ar of the rebellion, and while that territory was held in military occupation. A large part of the population of New Orleans and Louisiana was persons of foreign birth and allegiance, having claims on their respective governments for the protection of their rights. Those governments, when appealed to, made demands through their ministers, resident at Washington, on the government of the United States, and the number and importance of these claims had become so great that the state department was much embarrassed by them. Mr. Seward, secretary of state, had been more than half his time since the conquest occupied by theui, and they had, in some instances, assumed such proportions as to threaten seri- ously the relations of the government with foreign powers. In this condition of things it was resolved to constitute a tribunal which should be empowered to de- cide all these (juestions, and keep them from the department. Accordingly, the government resolved to establish a court at New Orleans, which should have power to hear and determine every question which could possibly arise out of human transactions, and to make the decisions of that court conclusive of the rights of all parties. To effect that purpose, the following order was made by the President of the United States : — EXECUTIVE ORDER, ESTABLISHING A PROVISIONAL COUET IN LOUISIANA. Executive Mansion, ) WASHlN(iTON, October -20, 1862. ' The insurrection whic-li lias for some time prevailed in several of the states of this I'nion, inehuling Louisiana, having teniporarilj- subverted and swept away the civil Institu- tions of that state, including the judiciary and the judicial authorities of the Union, so that it has become necessary to hold the state in military occupation: and it being indispensablj' neeessarj- that there shall be some judicial tribunal existing there capable of administering justice, I have, therefore, thought it proper to appoint, and 1 do hereby constitute, a Provi- sional Court, which shall be a court of record for the state of Louisiana, and I do hereby appoint Charles A. Peabody, of New York, to be a provisional judge to hold said court, with authority to hear, try, and deteraiine all causes, civil and criminal, including causes in law, C(|uity, revenue, and admiralty, * * * his judgment to be final and conclusive. And I do hereby authorize and empower the said judge to make and establish such rules and regula- tions as may be necessary for the exercise of his jurisdiction, and to appoint a prosecuting attorney, marshal, and clerk of the said court, who shall perform the functions of attorney, marshal, and clerk, according to such iiiles and regulations as may be made and established by .said judge. * * * A copy of this order, certified by the Secretary of War, and deliv- ered to such judge, shall be deemed and held to be a sufficient commission. Let the seal of the United States be hereunto afHxed. ABIJAHAM LINCOLN. By the President : WlLl.tAM 11. Sewark, Secretary of Slate. The powers conferred by this order, it will be seen, are as great as can be conferred by sovereignty itself, — "to hear, try, and determine all causes, civil and criminal, including causes in law, equity, revenue, and admiralty, * * * his judgment to be final and conclusive." Under this commission, Judge Peabody proceeded to organize his court by appointing his prosecuting attorney. 212 HON. CHARLES A. PEABODT. marshal, and clerk. Thus organized in New York, the court proceeded, by gov- ernment transport, to New Orleans, and commenced business. It was immediately filled with causes of the first magnitude, and continued throughout its existence to attract almost all of that class of business. The court held that it had jurisdic- tion not only of cases originating in it, but that it had power to review on appeal cases originating in other courts. It also ordered causes pending and undecided in other courts transferred to itself, and there decided and ended them. A cause pending in the circuit court of the United States, on appeal from the district court of the United States, was transferred by order of this court and decided. (The G-rapeshot, Wallace 129). Mr. Seward, as he and Chief-Justice Chase were dining with Judge Peabody, speaking of the supreme court of the United States, said for the ear of the chief-justice : " His court has some power in time of peace, no doubt, but none in time of war. It is limited to a small class of cases, and in those usually to appellate jurisdiction, and in all cases it is bound by law prescribed for its guidance ; in none of which respects was Peabody's court under any limitation ;" and (turning to Judge Peabody ) he added : " Why, Peabody, all the power of his court is not a circumstance to what you had in Louisiana." The executive department of this court was no less remarkable than its juris- diction. The marshal had at his command, by order of the departments of war and navy, all needed aid from the army and navy. A personal escort of soldiers as large as needed on land, and transports and gunboats on water, were always at his disposal, and nothing was needed beyond the exhibition of the process of the court to command their services. Escorts of a thousand and more cavalry were in the service of the marshal at times, and similar facilities were aftbrded by the gunboats and transports on the rivers, bayous, and lakes of that aqueous state. Even private commercial vessels plying on the Mississippi river and other waters of the state were, by order of the war department, compelled to stop and take on board any deputy of the marshal, at any place where he should demand it by showing his signal, and to stop and land him wherever he demanded it. This they were required to do at all places, however exposed, and where vessels were not otherwise allowed to land for business purposes, on account of exposure to the enemy. The relief to the department of state was complete ; for from the time the court commenced business nothing was heard there of controversies which had burdened and alarmed the department previously, and the success of the court in other respects was equally complete, commanding the respect and confidence of the community, — the disloyal as well as the loyal. This ofiice he resigned in 1865, and the court was terminated in July, 1866, on his recommen- dation, by an act of congress. In 1862, to meet an emergency, and to avoid having the business of that court interrupted by business of a different character, he was appointed jvidge of a criminal court in New Orleans, in which for several months he dispensed all the criminal justice administered in the city of New Orleans and the part of Louisiana held by the federal army, excepting only capital cases, which were always tried in the more dignified court held by him. In 1863, while holding the United States provisional court, he was appointed chief -justice of the supreme court of Louisiana, — the appellate court of last resort. In 1865 he was ap- pointed, by the President of the United States and confirmed by the senate, attorney for the United States for the eastern district of Louisiana. That office he declined to accept, and he returned to the practice of his profession in New York as soon as he felt at liberty to retire from the United States provisional court. In 1876 he was nominated by the Republican party for surrogate of the HON. CHARLES A. PEABODY. 213 county of New York, on which occasion he was not elected ; but he ran many thousands of votes ahead of his ticket, and lacked less than thirteen thousand of an election, while the majority aiiainst the ticket generally, which was headed by Gen. John A. Dix for mayor, himself an honored son of New Hampshire, was more than fifty-four thousand. He is now, and has been since its organization many years ago, a member of the " Association for the Reform and Codification of the Law of Nations," an association, as its name imports, devoted to the advancement of the law gov- erning nations in their intercourse with each other, composed of publicists and advanced students of the science of government from nearly every nation of Europe, and from some of the most enlightened nations of Asia, as well as America. In the proceedings of that body he has taken an active part, attending its meetings, which occur annually, and are held in the different cities of Europe, as Grhent, Geneva, the Hague, Bremen, Antwerp, London, Berne, Frankfort-on- the-Maine, Cologne, Liverpool. He has always been a member of the executive committee, and is now vice-president of the association for the United States, in which ofiice he succeeds Charles Francis Adams and the late Reverdy Johnson. He has traveled extensively in Europe, having visited it frequently in the sum- mer vacations of business, and last year (1881), after attending the congress of the Association for the Reform of the Law of Nations, at Cologne, he attended an International Geographical congress at Venice, as a delegate from the American Geographical Society. He is now pursuing his profession in New York, as he has always done since he commenced there, except for the times he has been acting as judge. In his religious preferences he is Episcopalian. While living in New Orleans, in 18G3, 1864, and 1865, he was a member of the vestry of Christ church there, and he has been for many years, and now is, senior warden of Christ church, North Conway, in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Judge Peabody has married twice. The first time, as before stated, to Julia Caroline Livingston, daughter of James Duane Livingston, of the city of New York, the mother of his children. His second marriage was to Maria E. Hamilton, with whom he is now living. This lady, daughter of John C. Ham- ilton, is a grand-daughter of Alexander Hamilton, the favorite aid and trusted counselor of General Washington in the Revolutionary war, the first secretary of the treasury of the United States, the organizer of that department, and in large measure of the government of the United States. By his first marriage he had five children, who are now living, — four sons and one daughter. His sons are all graduates of college and professional schools. Three of them are lawyers, one is a physician, and all reside in the city of New York. One of them bears the name of Glendower (Philip Glendower), after the Welsh chieftain, Owen Glendower, in recognition of the Welsh origin of the family. As has been said. Judge Peabody was the oldest of ten children, having had five brothers and four sisters, all natives of New Hampshire. Of his bi'others, only one survives with him. Dr. William F. Peabody, of San Francisco, a doctor of medicine, a biographical sketch of whom should form a part of this volume. Dr. Peabody was for a time Professor of Languages in Mount Hope College, Baltimore, following thither his older brother while the latter was teaching and studying his profession there. The Doctor studied his profession in Baltimore, and practiced there for a time ; but in the very early days of California emigra- tion removed thither, where he still resides, commanding much respect as a gen- tleman of high moral and social character and much literary taste, as well as an able physician. Two of his brothers, George S. Peabody and Enoch W. Peabody. 214 HON". CHARLES A. PEABODY. after the 8ubje(;t of this sketch, tlie pioneer of the family, had locatefl in New York, became shipmasters of distinction in the "ohl" or " Black Ball " line of Liverpool packets sailing from New York, in the days when those ships were the pride of the nation, and the command of one was equivalent to a certificate of the liighest character for efficiency and reliable qualities. Of the sisters, three sur- vive and live in Andover, Mass., the last place of residence of their parents. Noi'K. —Judge Peabody's Judicial life has been sufHcicntly varied and uncoinnion to at- tract rcinarli. He lias been twice justice of the sujirenie court of the state of New Vorli, liy apiiointuient of the governor, and was olTereil a ptace on the 1)encli of another court, which lie did not accept: lie lias been ajipoiiited judge of tliree different courts l)y tlie federal gov- ernment of the I'liiti^l States; he has l)eeu three times the nominee and candidate of his party for other judicial places, — twice for the bench of tlu? supreme court of tlie state of New York, and once for suri-ogate of tlie city and county of New Yor]<. i Q_^2^^Ai-^^^'t--C'-^!^'^/^ OILMAN CHENEY. The postal, passenger, and express cars, representing respectively govern- ment, corporate, and private enterprise, constitute a trinity which has annihi- lated space and made possible the business progress of the last fifty years. The third is the creature of a few men, among whom the Cheney brothers of New Hampshire arc most conspicuous. Their grandfather. Deacon Tristram Cheney, was one of the early settlers of Antrim, he having come from Dedham, Mass., in 170!), and located near the Hillsborough line. His son Jesse, who married, first. Miss Blanchard, of West Deering, and, afterwards, Deborah Winchester, of Hillsborough, located his homestead near Cork Eidge, on what is known as the Dimond Dodge place, where there were born to him nine children, of whom Benjamin P., James S., and Grilman are the three who have made " Cheney's Express" a familiar phrase in every city and village in New England and Canada. Grilman was the fifth child. He was born January 25, 1822, and until he was eighteen years of age worked at farming in the vicinity of his native town. At that age he had a little knowledge of books, a strong constitution, and an abundant stock of courage and ambition, with which he left home to make a place for himself in the business world. For the next ten years he was slowly gather- ing capital, experience, and knowledge of men and things in the cotton-mills of Nashua, Newburyport, and IManchester ; and, while filling his place to the satis- faction of his employers, he could not find there the opportunity he wished, and, in search of a wider and more promising field for action, went to California. Here he crowded three years very full of adventure and jjusiness success, and then returned to assist his brothers in extending the express system, which was then in its infancy. He was assigned to the Canadian division, and, establishing his headquarters at Montreal, he gave himself heartily to the work, and has since been thoroughly identified with the enterprise. His position is that of superin- tendent of the Canadian 'Express Company, which covers the territory and con- trols the express business between Detroit, Mich., and the seaboard at Portland, Halifax, and St. John's, and also an ocean route by the Allan line of steam- ships to Europe. He is also largely interesred in the American and Wells Si, Fargo express companies. The home of Mr. Cheney is in Montreal, where he extends a warm and princely welcome to hosts of frii'nds, and especially to those who were fortunate enough to have known him in his boyhood days in New Hampshire. He married Mary Ann Lincoln Kiddle, daughter of James Kiddle, Esq., of Merrimack. His only child, William Gr. Cheney, was born October 12. 1858. Mr. Cheney has been a very successful man. The enterprise with which his name is identified has grown great and strong. It has made its owner rich, it has given employment to thousands of men at remunerative wages, and it has made it easier and more profitable for others to do their business. He 216 GLLMAN CHENEY. deserves all the good things he has received, for he is a true man. In every relation of life, in boyhood and manhood, in business and pleasure, he has challenged only the affection and admiration of those interested in him. His integrity is inborn, his good-nature never fails, and his energy never tires. He never disappoints his friends ; and he has no enemies. HON. EDWARD H. ROLLINS. COMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AVITH SOME ADDITIONS, BY HON. DANIEL HALL. The Rollins family is one of the oldest and most numerous in the state. In southeastern New Hampshire, from the seaboard to Lake Winnipesaukee, the Rollins name is prominent in the history of almost every town. Most, if not all, the representatives of the name in this region, and among them the subject of this sketch, are the descendants of James Rollins (or Raiclins, as the name was then and for a long time after spelled, and is now by some branches of the family), who came to America in 1032, with the first settlers of Ipswich, Mass., and who, ten or twelve years afterwards, located in that portion of old Dover known as " Bloody Point," now embraced in the town of Newington, where he died about 1690. The representatives of the family suffered their full share in the privations and sacrifices incident to the fii-m establishment of the colony, and performed generous public service in the early Indian and French wars, and the great Revolutionary contest. Ichabod, the eldest son of James Rawlins, and of whom Edward H. is a lineal descendant, was waylaid and killed by a party of Indians, while on the way from Dover to Oyster River (now Durham), with one John Bunker, May 22, 1707. Thomas, the second son of James, who subse- quently became a resident of Exeter, was a member of the famous " dissolved assembly" of 1G83, who took up arms under Edward Gove and endeavored to incite an insurrection against the tyrannical royal governor, Cranfield. For this attempt, Grove and others, including Thomas Rawlins, were presented for high treason. Gove was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death, but was subse- quently pardoned. We do not learn, however, that any of the others were tried. Others of the family fell victirm^i to the murderous malignity of the Indians. There were from twenty-five to thirty descendants of James Rawlins, of the fourth and fifth generations, engaged in active service, and several of them in distinguished capacities, in the patriot cause during the Revolutionary war. Among the first settlers of that portion of Dover which afterwards became Somersworth, was Jeremiah Rollins, the only son of Ichabod, heretofore men- tioned as slain by the Indians. He was one of the petitioners for the incorpo- ration of Somersworth as a separate parish. He died a few years previous to the Revolution, leaving several daughters, but only one son, Ichabod Rollins, who became an active champion of the Revolutionary cause, was a member of the con- ventions at Exeter in 1775, and served as a member of the committee appointed to prepare a plan of providing ways and means for furnishing troops, and also as a member of the committee of supplies, the principal labor upon which was performed by himself and Timothy Walker of Concord. He was a member of the convention which resolved itself into an independent state government, Jan- uary 5. 1776. and served in the legislature in October following. He was the 15 218 HON. EDWAKD H. ROLLINS. first judge of probate under the new government, holding the office from 177C to 1784. He was subseqently a member of the executive council, and died in 1800. From this eminent citizen, the town of Rollinsford, formed from the portion of Somersworth in which he resided, received its name. He stands midway in the direct line of descent from James Rawlins to Edward H., — the great-grandson of James, and great-grandfather of P]dward H. He had four sons, of whom John, the oldest, was the grandfather of Hon. Daniel G. Rollins, who was judge of probate for tlie county of Strafford, from 1857 to 18GG, and whose son, Edward Ashton Rollins, wa.s speaker of the New Hampshire house of representatives in IHtJl and 1802, commissioner of internal revenue under President Johnson, and is now president of the Centennial Bank at Philadel- phia ; and another son, Daniel G. Rollins, was recently district attorney, and is now surrogate of the city and county of New York. James Rollins, the third son of Ichabod, and grandfather of Edward H., settled upon the farm in Rol- linsford which has since remained the family homestead. He was the father of thirteen children, seven sons and six daughters. Of these, Daniel Rollins, the eighth child, born May 30, 1797, and who married Mary, eldest daughter of Ebenezer Plumer, of Rollinsford, was the father of Edward H. He succeeded to the homestead, but sold out and went to Maine with a view to making his home there. He soon returned, and repurchased that part of the homestead lying east of the highway, and erected a dwelling opposite the old family man- sion, where he lived a life of sturdy industry, rearing a family of six children, four sons and two daughters, and died January 7, 1804. Edward Henry Rollins, the oldest of the children, was born October 3, 1824. He lived at home, laboring upon the farm in the summer season, attend- ing the district school in winter, and getting an occasional term's attendance at the vSouth Berwick Academy, and Franklin Academy in Dover, until seventeen years of age, when he went to Concord and engaged as druggist's clerk in the well known apothecary store of John McDaniel. He retained his situation some three or four years, industriously applying himself to the details of the business. He then went to Boston, where he was engaged in similar service until 1847, when, having thoroughly mastered the business, he returned to Concord and went into trade on his own account, soon building up a large and successful business. Having bought and improved the land on Main street, just north of the Eagle Hotel, the great fire of 1851 destroyed the building which he had but recently finished. He rebuilt the stores known as '• Rollins's Block," one of which was occupied by his own business for so many years. This property he sold a short time since to the New Hampshire Savings Bank. In politics, Mr. Rollins was originally a Webster Whig, but voted for Frank- lin Pierce in 1852, and for Nathaniel B. Baker, the Democratic candidate for governor, at the next March election. The aggressions of slavery, however, culminating in the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill and the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, dissolved his brief connection with the Democratic party. Strongly opposed to the extension of slavery, or any measures rendering its extension possible, though he had previously taken no active part in politics, he enlisted in the American or Know-Nothing movement, in the winter of 1854-55, with the hope that it might, as it did, prove instrumental in the defeat of the Democracy. From this time Mr. Rollins was an active politician. He labored eftectively in perfecting the new party organization, taking therein the liveliest interest. At the March election, 1855, he was chosen to the legislature from Concord, and served efficiently in that body as a member of the judiciary committee. The next year witnessed the merging of the American party in the new Republican HON. EDWARD H. ROLLINS. 219 party, which object Mr. Rollins was largely instrumental in securing. Re- elected to the legislature in March, 185(J, Mr. Rollins was chosen speaker of the house, ably discharging the duties of the office, and was re-elected the following year. The talent which he had already developed as a political organizer made his services eminently desirable as a campaign manager, and he was made chair- man of the first state central committee of the Republican party, a position which he held continuously until his election to congress in 18G1, and in which he ex- hibited a capacity for thorough organization, — a mastery of campaign work, in general and in detail, — seldom equaled and certainly never surpassed. He was chairman of the New Hampshire delegation in the Republican na- tional convention at Chicago, in 1860, having been chosen a delegate at large by the state convention, with but a single vote in opposition. In' the close contest between the friends of Lincoln and Seward in that convention, the New Hamp- shire delegation, under his lead, supported Lincoln from the first, and was strongly instrumental in securing his nomination. In 18G1, Mr. Rollins was elected to congress from the second district, over the Democratic candidate, the late Chief-Justice Samuel D. Bell. He was re- elected in 1863, over Col. John H. George, and in 1865 over Hon. Lewis W. Clark, now associate justice of the supreme court. Mr. Rollins's congressional career covered the exciting period of the late civil war, and subsequent recon- struction, and he was throughout a zealous supporter of the most advanced Re- publican measures, such as the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, and the thirteenth and fourteenth amendments to the constitution, abolishino- slavery throughout the Union, conferring citizenship and civil rights upon col- ored men, fixing the basis of representation in congress upon all citizens, without regard to color or previous condition, imposing political disabilities upon such civil and military officers of the government as had violated their oaths by en- gaging in the rebellion, declaring the inviolability of the public debt, and pro- hibiting forever the payment of that incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States. To this entire policy Mr. Rollins gave a most earnest support, and took part zealously and efficiently in all the important legislation of those days. He was an industrious member of the committees to which he was assigned, serving on the committee on the District of Columbia, as chairman of the committee on Accounts, and a member of the committee on Public Expendi- tures, by which latter committee, during his service, a vast amount of labor was performed, especially in the investigation of the management of the New York and Boston custom-houses, involving the operations of the " blockade runners " during the war. He was also, on account of his well known parliamentary knowledge and skill, frequently called to the chair to preside over the house oiq turbulent occasions. In view of Mr. Rollins's subsequent intimate connection with the Union Pacific Railroad Company, it is proper to remark that in congress he was a firm opponent of, and voted against, the measure adopted in July, 186-4, doubling the land grant of this company, and making the government security a se^cond instead of a first mortgage upon the road. In 1869 he was chosen secretary and assistant treasurer of the Union Pacific Railroad, having for some time previous, after the expiration of his congressional service, acted as agent of the company at Washington in the transaction of business with the government, especially in receiving the subsidy bonds. In 1871 he was elected secretary and treasurer, and officiated as such in the office of the company at Boston until March, 1877, though retaining his residence at Concord, and devoting considerable attention to New Hampshire politics. He had, after retiring from congress, been again called to the chairmanship of the state committee, and served from 1868 to 1871 220 HON. EDWARD H. ROLLINS. inclusive, with his usual ability and success. As chairman of the committee, and c'x officio commander-in-chief of the Republican forces in New Hampshire for ten years, he was a tireless worker, — the very incarnation of energy and per- sistent industry. He had a genius for political organization and warfare. His vigor and magnetisni surmounted all obstacles and swept away all opposition. His enthusiasm was contagious. Undaunted by suggestions of danger or defeat, he inspired all around him witli his own indomitable courage and spirit. This was the secret of his extraordinary power, as it ever is in the worlds affairs, and made him master of every field where he contended. Mr. liollins's name was presented by his friends for United States senator in 1866, when Hon. James W. Patterson was nominated and elected ; in 187U, when Senator Cragin was re-elected ; and again, in 1873, when the choice fell upon Hon. Bainbridge Wadleigh. At the expiration of Senator Cragin's second term, in 1879, Mr. llollins was nominated by the Republican caucus, and elected as his successor for the full term of six years, commencing in March, 1877. He took his seat in the senate at the extra session, in the spring of 1877, and was as- signed to the committees on the District of Columbia, Contingent Expenses, and Manufactures, being for a time chairman of the latter. He is now a member of the committee on Naval Affairs, on the District of Columbia, on Retrenchment and Reform in the Civil Service, on Enrolled Bills, and is chairman of the com- mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. As a senator, he has exhibited con- stantly his peculiar traits of industry, energy, and fidelity to duty. Engaging in debate less than some other senators, and never parading before the country for effect, he yet speaks on all proper occasions, and always to the business in hand, and with characteristic force, point, and effectiveness. He is seldom absent from his seat, responds to every roll-call, and but few questions have arisen since his service began on which his vote is not recorded. It is a noteworthy fact, that during more than five years' service in the senate he has been absent but two days when both branches of congress were in session, and then was sick in bed with malarial fever. No senator has a clearer or cleaner record in this respect. His devotion to his state and constituents is very marked. Every letter is answered, every call responded to, and every New Hampshire man dwelling in or visiting Washington is treated by him with courtesy, and his business with the government carefully attended to and furthered by his active assistance. Among the measures of special interest to the people of New Hampshire, in which he has taken a leading part, are those for the relief of savings banks from national taxation, and appropriations for the improvement of Cochecho, Exeter, and Lamprey rivers. No senator in the chamber gives more assiduous attention to the work of the committees, where measures are matured, or has a more useful influence upon general legislation ; and his friends feel a just pride in the fact that in a somewhat venal and very suspicious age his name is untainted by any schemes of corruption or jobbery, or scandals touching the use of public money. Such are the outlines of INIr. Rollins's conspicuous public career. His influ- ence may be truly summarized by saying that during the last twenty-five years no man in New Hampshire has been more prominently known in the politics of the state, and well informed men in all parties concede that the Republican party owes more, for its almost unbroken successes in the closely contested elections from 1856 to the present time, to his labors, in the committee, in congress, and before the people, than to those of any other man. Mr. Rollins was active in the organization of the First National Bank at Concord, a large stockholder, and a member of the first board of directors, but withdrew and disposed of his stock some time since. He sold his drug busi- ness at Concord to his brother, John F. Rollins, many years ago, when his HON. EDWARD H. ROLLINS. 221 congressional and other duties required bis entire attention. The latter, also, has since disposed of the business, and now resides upon Fort George island, at the mouth of St. John's river, on the coast of Florida, of which Senator Rollins is the proprietor. This island is a most romantic locality, and is the subject of a very interesting illustrated sketch in Scribner's Magazine, by Julia B. Dodge. It embraces twelve liundred acres of land, and is admirably adapted to orange-raising, and is under cultivation for that purpose. The climate is delightful, far superior to that of the main land, and Mr. John F. Rollins, by a long residence there, finds his health much improved. Mr. Rollins was united in marriage, February 13, 1849, with Miss Ellen E. West, daughter of John West, of Concord. Her mother, Mrs. West, was the daughter of Gen. John Montgomery, a prominent citizen of Haverhill, well known in public affairs. To this union there have been born five children Edward W., born November 25, 1850 ; Mary Helen, September 4, 1853 Charles Montgomery, February 27, 1856 ; Frank West, February 24, 1860 Montgomery, August 25, 1867. The second son, Charles Montgomery, died at the age of five years. The other children survive. The eldest son, Edward W., is a graduate of the Institute of Technology at Boston, and was for five years the engineer and cashier of the Colorado Central Railroad. He is married, and now engaged in business as a banker in Denver, Col. Mary Helen, the only daughter, is married to Henry Robinson, a lawyer, and prominent member of the present legislature, and resides iu Concord. Frank W., the second surviving son, after prosecuting a three years' course at the Institute of Technology, attended the Harvard Law School, and is now about completing his legal studies in the ofiice of Hon. John Y. Mugridge, at Concord. Montgomery, the young- est son, is fitting for college. It will thus be seen that Mr. Rollins believes in practical education for his sons. Retaining his home in Concord, where he has always lived the greater portion of the year, Mr. Rollins has for several years past had his summer home at the old place in Rollinsford, where he was reared, and which came into his possession after the death of his father in 1864. Here he has made many improvements, and brought the land into a superior state of cultivation. He thoroughly repaired and remodeled the house some six years ago, and made it a very attractive sum- mer residence. In the spring of 1881, however, while he wasabsent in Wash- ington, the house and all the buildings on the farm, with most of their contents, were completely destroyed by fire. Without delay, Mr. Rollins proceeded to rebuild, and has erected a very large and finely appointed barn and stable, with carriage-house, ice-house, and other buildings ; and a fine house, on the old site, is very near completion. The house is in the Queen Anne style, most conven- iently arranged, and finished principally in hard native woods, with ornamental fire-places, elaborately carved fire-frames, and frescoed ceilings. It is heated by steam and lighted by gas, has hot and cold water conveniences, spacious halls, and is fitted up with every modern improvement. In a few weeks it will be ready for occupation, and will be one of the most beautiful dwellings in this region, combining all the substantial conveniences of a farm-house, andan elegant home for summer and winter, also. The place is located but little more than a mile from the city of Dover, where Mr. Rollins goes for post-office and other business accommodations, so that in the summer time he is regarded as a Dover citizen. Telephonic communication has been established between his house and the tele- graph office in Dover. Mr. Rollins's mother is still living, at an advanced age, at her old home, and her youngest daughter. Miss Elizabeth W. Rollins, resides with her. In religious faith, Mr. Rollins was reared a Congregationalist, and when in 222 HON. EDWARD H. ROLLINS. Rollinsford he attends worship at the old First Parish church in Dover, where Rev. Dr. Spalding officiates. Mrs. Rollins is an Episcopalian, and in Concord the family attend upon the services of the St. Paul's Episcopal church. He has long been a member of the Masonic fraternity, of the Blazing Star Lodge, Trinity Chapter, and Mt. Horeb Commandry. at Concord, of which he has been eminent commander. Mr. Rollins is very fond of agricultur;d pursuits, and works on his farm in the haying and harvesting seasons, with great benefit to himself j)hysically. Though constitutionally not very strong, and of a highly nervous temperament, his excel- lent personal habits, his rural tastes and simplicity of life, have enabled him to do a prodigious amount of work without suffering anything beyond an occasional derangement of health, always restored by relaxation from official duties, and physical labor on the farm, where he was wont to take similar exercise in boyhood. He is now in the full vigor and strength of his powers, and may reasonably look forward to many years more of active usefulness to the state and nation. GOV. NATT HEAD. Natt Head is of Welsh and Scotch ancestry. John and Nathaniel Head, brothers, emigrated from Wales and settled in Bradford, Mass. Subsequently they removed to Pembroke. Although of Welsh birth, they were thoroughly English in their views and general characteristics, as tradition and other testi- mony amply prove. Nathaniel, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, became an influential and patriotic citizen of his adopted town. Early in the period of trouble with the mother country he was selected by the members of the committee of safety in Pembroke to go through that town and hunt up and make a list of the Tories. Hostilities having been inaugurated, he enlisted in the military service, and served with fidelity and bravery throughout the war. iVfter the return of peace he became actively identified with the state militia, and rose to the command of the third brigade. He represented the town of Pembroke in the legislature. Gren. Head had three sons, of whom Nathaniel, born in Bradford, Mass., March 6, 1754, was the grandfather of Gov. Natt Head. When a young man the son paid his addresses to Miss Anna Knox, daughter of Timothy Knox, of Pembroke. She was of Scotch-Irish blood, and one day, as the father and son were plowing, the former remarked, " Nathaniel, do you intend to marry that Irish girl? " The son respectfully but emphatically answered in the affirmative; whereupon the father added, " Then, understand, you can never share in my property." Young Nathaniel's answer was: " Very well ; I will take care of myself." And, in accordance with his declaration, he dropped the goad-stick, and in a few hours left the paternal roof to take up a farm in the wilderness and build a home. The father made good his threat, and at his death Nathaniel received one dollar and his brothers the remainder of the property. Nathaniel located in that portion of Chester now Hooksett, and, building a log house, car- ried to it Anna Knox, his wife. The site of the primitive cabin was the iden- tical spot where Grov. Head's beautiful residence now stands. As would be expected, the young man, who with no fortune but strong arms and a stout heart had the bravery and determination to establish his forest home, soon rose to position and influence. The report of the battle of Lexington made him a soldier at once, and the record shows him to have been a second lieutenant in the ninth company of volunteers from New Hampshire at Winter Hill, in the cold season of 1775-76 ; ensign in Capt. Sias's company. Col. Nichols's regiment, in the expedition to Rhode Island in 1778 ; and captain in Col. Reynold's regi- ment in 1781. Returning to his home, he added to the pursuit of agriculture the establishment and operation of a lumber-mill. He was early commissioned a justice of the peace, and held frequent courts, at the same time performing a large amount of probate business, including the settling of many estates, while his acknowledged sense of justice and marked integrity often caused him to be chosen arbiter in important questions of dispute in the neighborhood. With the close of the war, his martial ardor was not extinguished, and he became 224 GOV. NATT HEAD. prominently connected with the state troops, — the old roster showing him to have been a brigade inspector, and also colonel of the Eleventh Regiment. Col. Nathaniel Head, Jr., had nine children, the seventh, John, born May 30, 1791. being the father of the subject of this sketch. He remained at the old homestead, and after arriving at manhood was associated with his father in the work of the farm and the mill, and after his death succeeded to the estate by purchasing the interests of the other heirs. The military spirit again appears in John Head, who rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of the Seventeenth Regiment. Col. Head married Miss Anna Brown, whose home was near his. Before her union with him she was a school-teacher, and a woman of great energy and executive ability. She was a member of the Pembroke Congregational church, and took a deep interest in the religious and educational affairs of her neighbor- hood. She was a grand-daughter of William Brown, one of the three brothers who came from Scotland and settled in the upper part of Chester, near what is now Suncook. Her father, William Brown, was a sea captain, who made numer- ous voyages around the world. Captain Brown's sister married Ezekiel Straw. grandfather of Gov. P]zekiel A. Straw, of ^lanchester, making the latter a second cousin of Gov. Head. The three Brown brothers already mentioned were men of ability, and had high family connections across the Atlantic. Their English coat of arms was the " hawk and the bird" the design showing the former diving towards, and in the act of catching, the latter. On the maternal side. Gov. Head's great-aunt, Betsey Brown, daughter of Rev. Joseph Brown, M. D., of the Church of England, married the distinguished Hon. Samuel Livermore, of Holderness, who was chief-justice of the superior court of judicature. Mrs. John Head had four brothers, one of whom, Hon. Hiram Brown, was the first mayor of Manchester, and now resides at Falls Church, Ya. By the death of Col. Head, August 7, 1835, the widow was left in the management of a large and valuable property, to which was added the care of her family. All those responsible duties she discharged with great fidelity and conscientiousness until her death, which occurred April 3, 1840. She left five children, of whom four are now living. They are Mrs. Hannah A., widow of the late Col. Josiah Stevens, Jr., of Manchester; Natt, born May 20, 1828, John A., of Boone county. To., and William F., — the latter the business partner of Gov. Head. The picturesquely located home farm of three hundred acres is owned by Natt and William F. Head. It extends from the house to the Merrimack river, and follows the same for the distance of half a mile, embracing many acres of the fertile intervale lands of that stream. The farm is particularly adapted to grass, and yields about two hundred and fifty tons of hay annually. There are kept on it one hundred head of neat stock and thirty horses. In addition to the homestead, the brothers own large tracts of outlying wood and pasture lands. The lumber operations which were begun by Col. Natlaaniel Head have assumed large proportions in the hands of his descendants. Under the firm name of Head & Dowst, in IManchester, the brothers do a heavy lumber and building business. On the home farm are the famous Head clay banks, where some eight million or more of brick are produced each year. The firm employs, in Hooksett, from seventy-five to one hundred men. Gov. Head had the advantages of the common school and of the Pembroke Academy. His room-mate at the latter was Mark Bailey, now a professor at Yale College, and between whom a close friendship has since existed. Being only seven years of age when his father died, he soon learned to assist his mother in managing the work of the farm and the mill ; and to such an experience, joined with her kindly influence, may be attributed the formation of those GOV. NATT HEAD. 225 principles of cliaracter which led to the eminent success that he achieved in later years in business and in political life. After the death of his mother, he settled the estate, and with his brother William bought out the other heirs and formed a joint partnership, under the firm name of Natt & W. F. Head, that has con- tinued to the present time, — there never having been any division of their income, or of the large amount of property that they own. On the score of integrity and promptness in meeting every business obligation, it will not be invidious to cay that no firm in the state has a higher standing. From boyhood allied to agriculture, Gov. Head's interest in it has never diminished, notwithstanding the many military and civil honors that came to him in later life. For five years he was a director, and for eleven years the president, of the New Hampshire State Agricultural Society, an ofl&cer of the Merrimack County Association, a trustee of the New England society since its organization, and an ex-trustee of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts at Hanover. For many years he has been a popular speaker at agricultural fairs and farmers' meetings. While president of the state society he inaugurated the first farmers' convention ever held in New England, and which called out many of the ablest agricultural speakers in the country. Inheriting military taste and enthusiasm from three generations, we find him following in the footsteps of patriotic and distinguished ancestors. He was one of the active spirits in the formation, and was one of the first members, of the famous Hooksett Light Infantry, which was a crack company in the old state forces. September 1, 1847, he was commissioned drum-major of the Eleventh Regiment, third brigade, first division, of the state militia, and served four years. He was an original member of the famous Grovernor's Horse-Guards, and drum- major and chief bugler during the existence of the corps. He was a charter member and four years commander of the Amoskeag Veterans, of Manchester ; is an honorary' member of the Boston Lancers, and is a member, an ex-sergeant, of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery, of Boston. He was chief on the staff of Gov. Joseph A. Gilmore, and is an honorary member of several other military or- ganizations. The Head Guards, of Manchester, one of the oldest companies under the present militia system, was named in his honor. In this connection it may be stated that when the Soldiers' Asylum near Augusta, Me., was burned. Gov. Head was appointed to the charge of that in- stitution during the illness of the deputy-governor, and subsequently rebuilt the establishment. He had previously, as a contractor, built several miles of the Concord cS: Portsmouth Railroad between Suncook and Candia, and also the road-bed and bridges from Suncook to Hooksett, and the branch line from Suncook to Pittsfield. In early life he was elected to various town offices ; was commissioned a deputy-sheriff, and was a representative in the legislature from Hooksett in 1861 and 1862. The appointment which brought him most conspicuously before the public was that of adjutant, inspector, and quartermaster general of the state, which he received from Gov. Gilmore, March 26, 1864. He was called to that office at a period when the republic was in one of the most serious crises of the great civil war, and when the loyal people of New Hampshire were putting forth every effort to enlist the men called for under the President's proclamation of the preceding month. On entering the office he found every department lamentably incom- plete, but little matter having been collated in relation to the equipping of the troops or tlieir achievements in the field, although the state had, up to that time, furnished twenty-six thousand soldiers. In truth, not a full set of muster-in rolls of any regiment was found in the office. Notwithstanding these obstacles, 226 GOV. NATT HEAD. and witli no appropriation to draw upon, Gen. Head promptly entered upon the duties of his position, procuring the necessary outfit for the office, and upon his own responsibility employing clerks. He did this trusting in the legislature for re-imbursement. which it not only cheerfully made, but made all additional appro- priations that were called for. The faithful manner in which all the clerical work was performed, the method and persistency shown in hunting up and plac- ing on file the records of our soldiers, and the system exhibited in preserving and filing the valuable and extensive correspondence, — were all worthy of the greatest praise. The reports issued during Gen. Head's administration not only give the name and history of every officer and soldier who went into the service from our state, but they embrace biographical sketches of all the field officers who fell in battle or who died of disease during the war, together with a brief history of all the organizations, giving their principal movements from their departure to their return home. These books also include the military history of New Hampshire from 1623 to 1861, the data for which were gathered with great per- severance and under many discouragements from various sources in this and other states and from the rolls in the war department at Washington, thus mak- ing the united reports a work of inestimable value to the present and coming generations, and, at the same time, constituting an invaluable contribution to the martial history of the nation. He was the first adjutant-general in our country who conceived the idea of having handsomely engraved on steel, with attractive and appropriate symbols and of a size adapted to framing, a memorial certificate to be presented to all surviving officers and soldiers from our state, and to the widows or nearest relatives of those who gave their lives in the great struggle for the preservation of the republic. This testimonial was filled up with the name and rank, and also the regiment and company with which the men were connected, and the nature and length of their services. It will not be invidious to say that no other state had during the war an abler or more efficient and pa- triotic adjutant-general than New Hampshire, or one who was more devoted to the men on their way to the field, while there, or on their return after peace was declared. Many a veteran will remember with gratitude his ftitherly care of them after their discharge, and his good counsel and assistance in saving them from the hands of sharpers who were always in waiting to take advantage of the necessi- ties of soldiers. From his own private means Gen. Head extended aid to all sol- diers needing it; and to the credit of New Hampshire "boys in blue" it should be recorded that he never lost a dollar by such confidence and generosity. It seems almost unnecessary to add that his constant and unwearied devotion to them secured for him not only their highest respect and warmest esteem, but won for him the enduring title of " the soldier's friend." In 1875 the celebrated controversy occurred in the old second senatorial dis- trict over the spelling of his name on the ballots, upon which technicality his votes, he having a plurality, were thrown out. His constituents, however, were determined that justice should be done him, and they gave him a handsome elec- tion the succeeding year, and re-elected him in 1877, when he was made president of the senate, discharging its responsible duties with rare efficiency and acceptability. For some years Gen. Head had been mentioned in connection with the Re- publican nomination for governor, receiving votes in successive conventions. In that which nominated Gov. Benjamin F. Prescott, in 1877, Gen. Head's vote was a flattering one, and ranked second only to that of the successful nominee. At the convention in September, 1878, which was the first to select candidates for a biennial term. Gen. Head was nominated upon the first ballot by a decided majority. By reason of the third-party or "Greenback" movement, it was not GOV. NATT HEAD. 227 expected by his most sanguine supporters that he would be elected on the popular vote, yet the result was that he was chosen over all by a majority of four hun- dred and eighty-eight. His election to the executive chair being for two years, he was, according to the custom of the party regarding the tenure of this office, not a candidate for renomination. In the brief review which the limits of this sketch allow of his gubernatorial administration, we find that it was throughout eminently successful ; creditable alike to his own ability and fidelity, and to the fair fame of our state which he so honorably served. During his term of office there arose many important measures and questions whose consideration demanded practical good sense, wisdom, and impartial judg- ment. The well known Buzzell murder case, which finally became one of the most celebrated in the criminal records of the world, had been twice tried when Gov. Head entered the executive chair. Buzzell was then awaiting execution, and thousands had petitioned for a commutation of his sentence. His Excel- lency and his official advisers gave a long and patient hearing to counsel for the state and for the defense, and to all others who desired to be heard, and then, after mature deliberation, refused the prayer on the ground that no new evidence had been presented that would warrant the changing of the decision of the court. Buzzell suff"ered the extreme penalty of the law, and the conclusion in his case was sustained by legal and public opinion. The project of a new state-prison which had been successfully inaugurated under his predecessor, was carried for- ward to its completion. The commissioners selected to superintend the work consulted with the governor at every step, and without even a whisper of extrav- agance or jobbery the building was finished, dedicated, and opened for use, and stands to-day, in thoroughness of structvire and excellence of arrangement, sec- ond to no other penitentiary in the country. There came before Gov. Head many judicial and other appointments, all of which were made with the single aim of serving the highest interest of the state. During his term he made many official trips, and wherever he traveled he received those assiduous attentions which he personally and as chief executive of the state merited. He attended the inauguration of President Garfield, the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary exercises at Boston, the Newtown, N. Y., centennial celebration, and military en- campments in various states. It was also his pleasure to receive Governors Talbot and Long, of Massachusetts, Governor Van Zandt, of Rhode Island, and many other distinguished dignitaries. His administration took its rank in history as one of the purest, wisest, and best that New Hampshire has ever had. In the financial world. Gov. Head has been chosen to many responsible posi- tions. He is a director of the Suncook Valley Railroad, in which enterprise he was one of the most active workers ; is a director of the First National Bank of Manchester, and of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company ; president of the China Savings Bank at Suncook, and a trustee of the Merrimack River Savings Bank, of Manchester. In Masonic and kindred organizations he is one of the most conspicuous and influential members in New Hampshire, and, in fact, in the country. He is on the rolls of Jewell Lodge, of Suncook, of which he is a charter member, and is a member of Mount Horeb Royal Arch Chapter, Adoniram Council, and Trinity Commandry, of Manchester. He is a member of the Supreme Council, having taken all the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, including the thirty-third, and all in the Rite of Memphis to the ninety-fourth ; is an honorary member of the Boston Consistory, the largest Masonic body in the world, and ex-Illustrious-Grand-Chancellor of the Sublime Consistory of New Hampshire. He was a charter member of Howard Lodge of Odd Fellows, and also belongs to the Hildreth Encampment, both of Suncook, and is now a charter member of 228 GOV. NATT HEAD. Friendship Lodge, of Hooksett, and is a member of the Oriental Lodge of the Knights of Pythias of Suncook. He has been for a long time a member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, and is now its vice-president. Although his own opportunity for mental improvement was somewhat limited, yet he has always been a stanch advocate of our public-school and higher edu- cational systems. He is not a member of any church, but from youth he has been a regular attendant upon religious services, and has always given freely of his time, and contributed generously from his means, to the building up and advancement of Christian work. (tov. Head Avas married, November 18, 1863, to Miss Abbie M. Sanford, of Lowell, Mass. They have had three children, of whom Lewis Fisher and Alice Perley are dead, while Annie Sanford, who is now at school in Bradford, Mass., is nearly fifteen. The old log cabin to which reference has been made gave way a long time since to a framed .structure, which, in turn, a few years ago was supplanted by an elegant brick mansion with French roof and attractive architecture, and whose interior has all modern appointments, with rich furniture and works of art. The house is surmounted with a tower, from which is obtained a delightful view of the Merrimack valley, and of distant mountains. It was built under (iov. Head's personal supervision, and in making so great an outlay he had in view the hope that after the period of business activity he might be permitted to spend there in happiness the closing years of his life. G^ov. Head is of commanding pei'sonal appearance, while in his bearing he is exceedingly courteous and agreeable. In him English and Scotch blood have united to form a character distinguished by strong and sound practical sense, diligence, determination, perseverance, and, above all, a high standard of honor and unswerving integrity. In the proud record of the eminent public men of our state, the name of Grov. Head has high and creditable rank. HON. DANIEL HALL. BY REV. ALONZO HALL QUINT, D. D. Of those towns in the state whose scenery is soniewhat quiet, one of the most beautiful is Harrington. A small tract on its western border is level and not fertile, but most of its surface is gently rolling, two decided heights, however, affording beautiful views. The map shows it to be traversed by streams in every part, one important river being the outflow of Bow lake ; and the map shows no less than fourteen ponds, some of them nearly two miles in length, and whose shores, often abrupt, are full of beauty. Magnificent pine forests of the first growth have been carefully preserved to the present generation, and fertile farms are numerous. • i i- i Daniel Hall was born in this town, February 28, 1832, and, with slight exceptions, was the descendant of generations of farmers. His first known American ancestor was John Hall, who appears to have come to Dover, N. H., in the year 1G49, with his brother Ralph, from Charlestown, Mass. Of this blood was the mother of Gov. John Langdon, Tobias Lear (Washington's private secretary), and others of like energy. The emigrant, John Hall, was the first recorded deacon of the Dover First church, was town clerk, commis- sioner to try small cases, and a farmer, but mainly surveyor of lands. His spring of beautiful water is still "Hall's spring," on Dover Neck. His son Ralph was of Dover, a farmer ; whose son Ralph, also a farmer, was one of the early settlers of Barrington ; whose son Solomon, also a farmer, was of the same town ; whose son Daniel, also a farmer, was father of Gilman Hall (his ninth child), who, by his wife Eliza Tuttle, was father of nine children, Daniel being the first born. The picturesque old house in which he was born, built by one Hunking, is still standing near Winkley's pond, an interesting and venerable landmark, but unoccupied and in a ruinous condition. Gilman Hall was early a trader in Dover, but for twenty-five subsequent years was farmer and trader in Barrington, his native town, on the stage road known as the " Waldron's Hill " road. "He was representati\e, and for many years selectman. Daniel's mother was a descendant of John Tuttle, who was judge of the superior court for many years prior to the year 1700, residing in Dover. Daniel Hall's life as a boy was on the farm. He went to the district school a long distance, through snows and heats, and by and by helped in the store. When older, from fourteen years onward, he drove a team to Dover, with wood and lumber, and sold his loads, standing on Central square. But he had a pas- sion for books, and a burning desire for an education. He learned all he could get in the district school, and when about sixteen years of age he secured two terms, about six months in all, in Strafford Academy, — one term under Ira F. Folsom (D. C. 1848), and one under Rev. Porter S. Burbank. In 1849 he was one term at the New Hampshire Conference Seminary, in Northfield, Rev. Richard S. Rust, principal. Then, for satisfactory reasons, he gave up all academies. .230 HON. DANIEL HALL. returned home, set liimself down alone to his Greek, Latin, and mathe- matics, and with indomitable perseverance prepared for college. He entered Dartmouth in 185U, probably the poorest fitted in his class; but he had the fitting of a determined will, unconquerable industry, a keen intellect, and the fiber of six generations of open-air ancestors, and in 1854 he graduated at the very head of his class, and was valedictorian. It is needless to say, perhaps, that the eldest of nine children had to practice economy, and teach district schools five winters in his native town ; and that what small advances he had from his father were repaid, to the last dollar, from his first earnings. In the fall of 1854 he was appointed a clerk in the New York custom- house, and held the place for some years. He had taken an early interest in politics, being by education a Democrat. But he had always been jjositively anti-slavery in sentiment. He was dissatisfied with the Kansas-Nebraska bill ; and alone of all the clerks in the custom-house, and fearless of the probable result to himself, he openly denounced the Lecompton-constitution })olicy of Buchanan, and supported Douglas. In consequence he was removed from oflice in March, 1858. lleturning to Dover, he continued the study of law — which he had com- menced in New York — ^in the office of the eminent lawyer, Daniel M. Christie, and on that gentleman's motion was admitted to the bar at the May term, 18(J(). He afterwards well repaid Mr. Christie's kindness by a eulogy, upon his decease, delivered before the court, and subsequently printed. It was regarded as an eloquent and appreciative tribute to Mr. Christie's remarkable (jualities of man- hood, and extraordinary powers as a lawyer. Mr. Hall, upon his admission to the bar, opened an office in Dover, and com- menced practice. In the spring of 1859, just before the state election, in view of the great crisis coming upon the country, at an immense meeting in Dover, he (as did also Judge Charles Doe) withdrew from the Democratic party and cast in his allegiance with the Republicans. With them, where his conscience and political principles alike placed him, has his lot been cast ever since ; and it is not improbable that that one addition, in later and critical years, turned the scale in New Hampshire's political destinies. It was an episode in his life that in 1859 he was appointed, by the governor and council, school commissioner for Straff'ord county, and re-appointed in 18G0. His early training in the country district school, his work as master in the winters, and his hard-earned higher education qualified him eminently for the practical duties of this office. In the autumn of 1861, Mr. Hall was appointed secretary of the United States senate committee to investigate the surrender of the Norfolk navy-yard. This committee consisted of John P. Hale, Andrew Johnson, and James W. Grrimes. Soon after, he was appointed clerk of the senate committee on Naval Aff"airs, at Washington, of which Mr. Hale was chairman. He served in this capacity until March, 18G2 ; but he wished for more immediate participation in the great struggle then in progress. The conflict, which had its symptoms in the Lecompton strife, had become war, and the young man who had then sacrificed office for principle was ready for a still greater sacrifice. In March, 1862, he was commissioned aid-de-camp and captain in the regular army of the United States. He was assigned to duty with Gen. John C. Fremont ; but before he had time to join that officer, Gen. Fremont had retired from command, and Capt. Hall was transferred to the staff" of Gen. A. W. Whipple, then in command at Arlington Heights, of the troops and works in front of Washington, on the south side of the Potomac. In September, 1862, a few days after the battle of Antietam, Gen. Whipple joined the army of the Potomac, and eventually HON. DANIEL HALL. 231 marched with it to the front of Fredericksburg. On tlie 13th of December, 18G2, he was in the battle of Fredericksburg, crossing the river with the third corps, and taking part in the sanguinary assault upon the works which covered Marye's Heights. At the battle of Chancellorsville he was in the column sent out to cut Jackson's line as he moved in front of the army, and in the gallant action of the third division of the third corps, under Gen. Whipple, of whose staiF he was a member, and was with that lamented officer when he fell mortally wounded. Capt. Hall was then assigned to the staif of Gren. Oliver 0. Howard, commander of the eleventh corps, and with him went to Gettysburg. His position in that action was important. When Gen. Reynolds, commanding the tirst corps, had advanced through the town and encountered the enemy. Gen. Howard, then moving up and about five miles to the rear, hearing the heavy firing, ordered Capt. Hall to ride forward as rapidly as possible, find Gen. Reynolds, ascertain the condition of affiiirs, and obtain his orders. Capt. Hall's fleet horse soon cov- ered the distance, and he found Gen. Reynolds himself in an advanced and exposed position from the enemy's fire. He did his errand; Gen. Reynolds said he had met the enemy in force, and sent the order to Gen. Howard to bring up his corps with all possible dispatch. Scarcely had Capt. Hall got back through the town, when he was overtaken by the intelligence that Gen. Reynolds was mortally wounded, and near the cemetery he met Gen. Howard impatiently com- ing up in advance of his corps. Passing Cemetery Ridge, Gen. Howard said, " That is the place to fight this battle," and directed Capt. Hall to take a battery from the leading division, and place it in position on the crest of the hill. This was done, and that battery, the first planted on Cemetery Hill, remained on that spot through the three days of the conflict. W^hen Gen. Howard took his own place there, Capt. Hall was of course with him. and on the second day of the engagement was slightly wounded by a shell. These details are given, simply to place on record, in this permanent form, his testimony to the justice of the claim made by the friends of Gen. Howard, that he was fully entitled to the thanks voted him by congress for selecting Cemetery Hill and holding it as the battle- ground of the great and glorious battle of Gettysburg. In the latter part of 1863 his health suffered, and he was forced to leave the service in December, 1863. But in June, 1864, he was appointed provost-mar- shal of the first New Hampshire district, being stationed at Portsmouth, and here he remained until the close of the war. The aff'airs of the office were in some confusion, but his methodical habits soon reduced it to order. During his term of service, he enlisted or drafted, and forwarded, over four thousand men to the army. This service ceased in October, 1865. " He was one of the men," said a substitute broker to the writer of this sketch, " that no man dared approach with a crooked proposition, no matter how much was in it.'" Mr. Hall resumed the practice of law in Dover, but in 1866 was appointed clerk of the supreme court for Strafford county, and in 1868, judge of the police court of the city of Dover. The duties of these offices were performed with his usual sense of justice, but in 1874, the Democratic party, being in power, " ad- dressed" him out of both offices. In the mean time he had been judge-advocate, with the rank of major, in the military of New Hampshire, under Gov. Smyth, and held a position on the staff' of Gov. Harriman, which gave him his usual title of Colonel. Col. Hall had long taken a deep interest in political affairs. To him they represented principles. In 1873 he was president of the Republican state con- vention at Concord. He had been for some years a member of the Republican state committee, when, in December, 1873, his abilities as a leader and executive 232 HON. DANIEL HALL. were recoo-nized in his selection a8 chairman of that committee. He so remained until 1877, and conducted the campaigns, state and national, of 1874, 1875, and 1876. These were critical years for the Republican i)arty. The nearly even balance of parties in New Hampshire, the vigor and intensity with which the battles are always fought, and the skill necessary in every department, demand abilities and energies of the highest order. The years mentioned surpassed ordi- nary years in political danger to the Republicans. It is sufficient to say that Col. Hall conducted the last three campaigns to a triumphant issue. So decisive were the successive victories that the tide was turned, and from that time the state has not swerved from Republican allegiance. Tn 187(j, Col. Hall was chairman of the New Hamj)shire delegation to the Republican national convention at Cincinnati, being chosen at large, unpledged, and with scarce a dissenting vote. Seven delegates voted from first to last for James G. Blaine; but Col. Hall, with ex-(iov. Straw and Hon. Charles H. Burns, voted six times for Mr. Bristow, and on the decisive ballot for Rutherford B. Hayes. In 187(i and 1877, Mr. Hall was, by appointment of Gov. Cheney, reporter of the decisions of the sufireme court of New Hampshire, and in that honorable position published vols. 5(1 and 57, New Hampshire Reports. Tn 1877 he succeeded (Jov. Harriman as naval officer at the port of Boston. This office is co-ordinate Avith that of collector, upon which it is a check. Mr. IlaH's business habits, his keen insight, his perfect accuracy, and the ruling principle of his life to do everything well and thoroughly, there came into oper- ation. He quietly mastered the details as well as the general work of the de- partment. Regularly at his post, his office became a model in its management, and was commended in the highest terms by the proper officers. When, there- fore, his term expired, he was re-appointed for another four years, by President Arthur, with no serious opposition. Mr. Hall married, January 25, 1877, Sophia, daughter of Jonathan T. and Sarah ( Hanson ) Dodge, of Rochester, and has one son, Arthur Wellesley Hall, born August 30, 1878. The beautiful house erected and occupied by him in Dover, and adorned with cultivated taste, has not its least charm in the steadily increasing library of carefully selected literature, to whose study he devotes the hours not required by official duties. He attends the First church of Dover, the Congregational church, where his emisrrant ancestor held office two centuries and a quarter ago. He is a radical teetotaler, and deeply interested in the cause of temperance. It is his personal request to have his great love for the horse, and, indeed, for all animals, spoken of in this sketch. Mr. Hall's gentle, courteous, and unassuming manners do not meet the com- mon idea of the bold and sagacious politician. His modest conversation will suggest scholarly instincts, but requires time to show the breadth of his culture. Public addresses have, as occasions demanded, exhibited the thoughtful political student, a patriotic love of country, and the ripeness of the accomplished scholar. Fidelity to every engagement, good faith to every principle espoused, firmness in determination, and usefulness in every work undertaken, have insured him suc- cess. But in a life still so young, it is fair to assume that recognitions of public respect will be greater than any trusts yet given, or reputation achieved, in his profession, the field of long past battles, or the offices of public honor. if^ >5^^P ^^ HON. DAVID H. GOODELL Olive Atwood Wright was one of a large family of children. Her parents, who lived in Sullivan, were very poor and found it difficult to provide for the many who were dependent upon them, and when Olive was fifteen years of ao-e she left home and started for Boston in search of an opportunity to earn her own living. On arriving in that city she had just fifty cents, and finding no employment there she proceeded to Waltham, where the first cotton-factory in the country had just commenced operations. Here she found some old acquaint- ances; but they refused to recognize her on account of her poverty. She, however, obtained the privilege of working in the factory, and at the end of a year visited her parents with eighty times as much money in her pocket as she had when the stage left her in Boston. Eight years later she had saved from her earnings five hundred dollars, and having married a young farmer, Jesse R. Groodell, went to live with him upon the homestead which had belonged to his an- cestors, in Hillsborough. This couple were the parents of David H. Goodell, who was an only child, and was born May 6, 1834. The family remained upon the Hillsborough farm until 1841, when it was sold and they removed to another in the adjoining town of Antrim. The parents, who had had but very limited school privileges, felt keenly the importance of an education, and were desirous of having their son obtain one. They accordingly, when he had mastered the studies of the common school, sent him to Hancock Academy several terms, and then to New Hampton, and he graduated at Francestown in the summer of 1852, and in the fall entered Brown T^niversity. Here he took high rank as a scholar, winning a prize in mathe- matics, and marking within one degree of perfect in Jjatin ; but his health failed him during the sophomore year, and he was compelled to return to his home. The next year and a half he spent upon his father's farm, and, having recovered his health, resumed work as a teacher, in which he was engaged two terms at Hubbardston, Mass., one at New London Literary and Scientific Institution, and one at Leominster, Mass. A sedentary life did not agree with Mr. Goodell, however, and he again went to Antrim with the intention of making farming his permanent business. Soon after, the Antrim Shovel Company was organized, and he was called from the farm to act as its treasurer and book-keeper. A year later, in 1858, he was ap- pointed general agent of the company, and served in this capacity six years, the three last as the agent of Treadwell & Co., of Boston, who had purchased the business of the original company. In 18G4, Oakes Ames bought the business, including the patents covering the now famous Antrim shovel, and moved it to North Easton, Mass., and Mr. Groodell, in company with (leorge R. Carter, one of the firm of Treadwell & Co., began in a small way the manufacture of apple- parers. He invented what is known as the "lightning apple-parer,"' and put it upon the market through a New York house, which sold the first two years a few hundred dozen. This they considered a good business ; but Mr. Goodell was 16 234 HON. DAVID H. GOODELL. not satisfied, and the next year took the road himself, and in tliree weeks' time he sold two thousand dozcni, and made the invention known throu<;hout the country. In 1867 the factory was burned, and, as the firm carried no insurance, it lost everything ; but in six weeks it had a new shop in operation, and was able to supply the demand for the next year, which rose to five thousand dozen. In 1870 another calamity overtook the enterprise. The firm of Goodell & Co. owed at that time seven hundred and sixty-one dollars, but it had indorsed, to accom- modate one of the partners, the notes of Treadwell k Co. to the amount of fifty thousand dollars, and the failure of this firm sent both into bankruptcy. The result of this trouble was that Mr. Goodell bought the property himself, bor- rowed money and paid its debts, paid for it out of his first year's }»rofits, and has since been able to greatly enlarge the business without signing a note for himself or anybody else, or accepting any of the pecuniary help which has been freely ofiered him. Up to 1872 he directed his energies mainly to the manufacture and sale of parers; but in that year he helped organize the Wood Cutlery Company at Ben- nin<>ton, and in 1875 united it with his private business and transferred the whole to the (ioodell Company, of which he owns a large share of the stock and is the manager and controlling spirit. The business of this company has steadily increased until it employs one hundred and fifty hands, and pays for labor more than fifty thousand dollars annually. It manufactures all kinds of table cutlery, Cahoon seed-sowers, apple and potato-parers, and cherry-stoners. While giving his closest attention to these manufacturing enterprises, Mr. Cloodell has taken a warm interest in agriculture, and for many years has man- aged the large farm that formerly belonged to his father, which came into his possession some time since, and upon which he resides. Here he demonstrates the principles of progressive and profitable husbandry and stock-raising, extends a hearty welcome to his friends, and enjoys the peace and plenty which are re- served for the gentleman farmer. He has been one of the trustees of the New England Agricultural Society for several years, and organized and was for a time president of the Oak Park Association, and is an active member of the New Hampshire board of agriculture. Mr. Groodell has always been an ardent, wide-awake, and working liepublican, and when the party, under his leadership, wrested the town from the opposition in 187(5, he became its representative in the legislature, to which position he was re-elected in 1877-78. In the house he established and maintained a reputation as one of the most judicious counselors and most efi"ective speakers in the state, and commanded the confidence of his colleagues to such an extent that no meas- ure which he advocated was defeated, and none that he opposed was successful. Among the important bills which were carried through largely by his judicious and earnest support was that for the erection of a new state-prison. Mr. Groodell's wife was Hannah Jane Plumer, a daughter of Jesse T. Plumer, of Goff"stown. He has two children, — Dura Dana Goodell, born September 6, 1858, and Richard C. Goodell, born August 10, 1868. The family are members of the Baptist church of Antrim, as were the father and mother of Mr. Goodell. These facts justify the claim of a wide circle of friends and acijuaintances. who look upon him as one of the strongest men of the state, and one for whom high honors are in reserve. Though still in his prime, he has won a position of which any man should be proud. His large manufticturing business, which has given the town new life and prosperity, is of his own creation; his farm is a model which invites healthy progress ; his private character is without a blemish ; his business credit above suspicion ; his reputation as a citizen, neighbor, and friend is of the best; and his ability to fill any public position creditably and well is universally acknowledged. JOSIAH G. GRAVES. M. D. BY B. B. AVHITTEMORE. The subject of this sketch, Josiah Griswold Graves, was born July 13, 1811, in Walpole, N. H., one of the loveliest villages in the valley of the Con- necticut. His father was a well-to-do farmer, and his mother a woman of the olden time, who looked well to the ways of her household, — a woman of superior mind and excellent judgment. Not having a fancy for farming — and thus acting contrary to the wishes of his father — he left home at the age of eighteen, with his mother's blessing and one dollar in money, determined upon .securing an education and fitting himself for the medical profession. He defrayed the expenses of his education by his own individual efforts and native energy of will and industry, by teaching both day and evening, and was remarkably successful in his labors. Being a natural penman, he also gave instruction in the art of penmanship. He commenced the study of his profession in 1829. He \\as a student in medicine in the office of Drs. Adams and Twitchell, of Keene, and subsequently attended medical lectures at Pittsfield, Mass., and graduated at Williamstown Medical College in 183-1. Afterwards he spent six months in the office of Drs. Huntington and Graves in Lowell. Dr. Graves commenced the practice of medicine in Nashua, N. H., Sep- tember 15, 1834. At this time Nashua was a comparatively young town, the compact part of the present city having then had but ten years' growth. He went up the Merrimack river on the old steamboat then plying on the Merri- mack, landing a little below what was then the Taylor's Falls bridge. His first patient was a pauper, who was badly injured accidentally. After adequate treat- ment the man was placed on his feet again, a well man. Such a patient was not very remunerative, and did not tend to fill an empty pocket. This was evi- denced by the fac' that a carpenter who was applied to for the purpose of pro- curing a wood-box declined the job and refused to trust the young doctor. Necessity being the mother of invention, the doctor was obliged to construct that useful article himself. It was but a brief period, however, before energy, deter- mination, and superior medical and surgical skill carved out for him an extensive practice. For forty years he followed his profession in Nashua and the adjoin- ing region with untiring assiduity, and with a success that has but few parallels. He loved his profession and gave to it his b3.st powers. He was gifted in a remirkable degree with a keen insight into the nature of disease, and of course his suceess was in proportion to his fitness for his calling. He did not need to be told symptoms; he knew by intuition where the break in the constitution was, and how to rebuild and give new life. He was made for his profession, and not his profession for him, which is too often the case. 236 JOSIAH G. GRAVES, M. D. After several years' ])ractice, desirous of further iuiprovement, he took a degree at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. At the time of the rebellion the governor and council of New Hampshire appointed him a member of the Medical Board of FiXaminers. For the past few years Dr. Graves has been much interested in railroads, East and West ; has been a director in the Nashua & Lowell llailroad and other roads, and is now president of the Texas Trunk Kailroad. He is a director in the Faneuil Hall Insurance Company, and in the Metropolitan steamship line ; and is also connected with many other financial interests of a comprehensive character. A few years ago Dr. Graves made an extensive land purchase at Scituate, Mass., containing two hundred acres or more, which he calls his " Mound Farm." It lies on an elevation, bordering on the ocean, and is considered by those fa- miliar with the " South Shore " as the most eligible location, and as commanding the finest prospect oceanwards, of any in that popular and beautiful summer resort. Here the doctor has erected a few dwelling-houses, and has sold lots to others who have erected summer residences. These houses are elegantly and conveniently constructed, and so located as to enable their owners to enjoy an unobstructed ocean view, as well as the ocean breezes. In one word, it is, in and of itself, a villa of extensive proportions, and is destined to become still more extensive in the future. The doctor has recently made large purchases of adjoining lands, and is already engaged in farming on a large scale, and intro- ducing improved modes of cultivation. Here, with his family, he spends his summers, residing in Nashua or at the South during the winter. At the age of seventy, Dr. Graves is still active and remarkably well pre- served, and much more active than many younger men. He has a business office in Boston, and manages his large estate with as much foresight and sagacity as when in the prime of life and engaged in accumulating his fortune. Dr. Graves was married to Mary W. Boardman, daughter of the late Col. William Boardman, of Nashua, in 1846. As a man, J^r. Graves is distinguished for his firmness. His opinions he maintains with resoluteness until jrood reasons induce him to chaner-machine, and the mill was ready to run in a few months. Meantime, Mr. Daniell had jiurchased the interest of J. L. Peabody, in the firm whicli thus be- came Peabody & Daniell. The macliinery was scarcely in position when a fire destroyed the factory and its contents, leaving the owners, in the midst of the hard times of 1SH7, bankrupt in nearly everytliing but courage, reputation, and a determination to succeed, which enal)led them, after many struggles, to rebuild and j)roceed in a small way with their ])usiness. The erection of tlie cotton-mills at Manchester .soon after gave them an opjiortunity to purchase large amounts of paper stock at low prices, and from that time they were moderately prosperous. The next year after the removal of Mr. Daniell from IMassachusetts his wife died, and a year later he married Annette Eastnuin, of Concord. His son Warren was at that time a wide-awake boy, ten years old. He had picked iiji a little book knowledge in the Massachusetts schools, anil in order that he might be fur- ther educated without much (expense he was sent to Concord, where he worked upon a farm for his board and clothes and privilege of attending school a short time each winter, until he was fourteen, when he was called home and entered the pa})er-mill as an a])]U'entice, to learn the' business with which his name is now so prominently identilied. It was his purpose at a later period to attend the academy at Tilton ; but on the day on which the term began his father was severely burned by an accident, and he was obliged to take his j)lace in the mill. No other time apj)eared when he could well be spared, and he continued working- there until he was twenty-five years of age. and was a master of tlie trade in all its branches. As a journeyman, liis wages were one dollar and twenty-five cents per day, a sum which he found sufficient to provide, in those days of frugality, for all the needs of himself «and his young wife and child. He was, however, ambitious at some future time to have a mill of his own, and with this object in view left Franklin and contracted with parties at Waterville, Me., to erect and run for them a paper-mill at that place. This occupied him for one year, when he took charge of another mill at Pepperell. Mass., where he remained until 1854. In that year his father bought out Mr. Peabody, and offered to sell him half the estab- lishment if he would return to Franklin, which he did. The firm was then J. F. Daniell & Son, and for the next ten years the business prospered under that name. In 186-f Wan-en bought his father's interest, and was sole proprietor until 1870, when the mill property, which had grown from modest beginnings to be one of the largest and best known private manufacturing establishments in the state, was sold to a company of Massachusetts capitalists who had organized as the Winnipiseogee Paper Company. Mr. Daniell then become connected with a large paper-house in Boston and "removed to that city. He soon tired of life in that crowded metropolis, and, returning to his old home, he purchased a large interest in the company that had succeeded him there, and became its resi- dent agent and manager, which position he still occupies. This company owns and operates at Franklin large paper-mills supplied with the best machinery, employs three hundred men and women, and produces nearly twenty tons of 1 HON. WARREN P. DANIELL. 239 paper daily, and reflects, in its abounding success, the sagacity, energy, and enter- prise of the man who plans and directs its operations, who, without the helj) ot a liberal education or wealthy friends, has won his way by hard and patient work to a first place among the business men of New Hampshire. Few men in our state have been so uniformly successful, and none in com- l)a8sing their own success have contributed more to that of others. In climbing up, Warren F. Daniell has pulled no one down. The village of three thou'^ sand busy, prosperous, and happy people is largely the creation of the paper-mill, in which he has made his money, and its most creditable characteristics are in no small degree the results of his counsel and liberality. The business world ac- knowledges him as a man of undoubted integrity, thoroughly responsible, and eminently successful. His townsmen and fellow-citizens of New Hampshire know him as a genial, unassuming man, whose good fellowship never tires, whose generosity is inexhaustible, and as one who is never too busy with his own affairs to lend a helping hand to any cause or person that deserves it ; as a citizen and friend and neighbor who has shown them how to get money rapidly, and how to spend it freely, intelligently, and helpfully. Mr. Daniell's first wife was Elizabeth D. Rundlett, of Stratham, N. H. The marriage occurred in 1850. and Mrs. Daniell died while he was at Pepperell, in 1854. _ He married Abbie A. Sanger, of Concord, in October, 18(30, who presides over his elegant home, which is located near the confluence of the Winnipesaukee and Pemigewasset rivers, and surrounded by a broad intervale which liberal out- lays have made one of the most fertile and beautiful spots in the Merrimack valley. He has five boys: Harry W., by his first wife ; and Eugene S., Otis, Warren F., and Jerie R., the fruit of his second marriage. He is an enthusiastic farmer, and owns across the river from his home a laro-e and productive farm. He has long been the owner of the best herd of Jersey cattle in the state ; his stables always contain some of the finest and fleetest horses ; he admires a good dog, and is a skillful breeder of swine and poultry. He has contributed much to the introduction of improved stock, crops, and farm machinery in his neighborhood; has been active and liberal in sustaining the state and local agricultural societies, and in otherwise promoting the farming interest. In politics, Mr. Daniell is a Democrat; and such has been his ^popularity among those who have known him best, that even when Franklin gave a Repub- lican majority of seventy-five he was several times elected to represent it in the house, and subsequently was chosen a state senator two years in succession in a district which no other Democrat could have carried. He represented his party in the national convention of 1872, and has always been one of its trusted coun- selors and most efficient workers. That he would have been its candidate for governor and_ congress but for his refusal to accept the position is generally known. During the war he gave himself unreservedly to the cause of the Union as represented by the ''boys in blue,'" voting steadily to raise and equip all the men who were needed, giving liberally of his means to provide for them and their families, and supporting, by word and deed on all occasions and in all places the cause for which they fought. ' JONATHAN SAWYER. KV KKW (iKO. ]{. SI'ALDINO. I). I). 1. John Sawvek, a farnn'r in Ijincnhiphire, England, had three sons, William, Edward, and Thomas, who omigrated to this country in KiHfi, being passengers in a ship commanded hy C'ajit. Parker. They i)robably settled in Rowley, Mass. 2. Thomas Sawyer went to Lanca.ster, Mass., as early as 1047, when he was twenty-four years of age. This section of the Nashaway valley, comprising eighty square miles in extent, had been piircha.sed in IM'ii by Thomas King, of Watertown, Mass., of 8cholan, sachem of the Nashaway Indians. Thomas Sawyer was one of the first six settlers. His name appears in the petition made to the general court in 1053 for the incorporation of the town of Lancaster. In 1047, the year of his arrival, he married Mary Prescott. She was the daughter of John l^rescott, to whom belongs the honor of being the first per- manent inhabitant of Lancaster. The eminent historian, "William II. Prescott, traces his ancestral line to this John Prescott. There were born to Thomas Sawyer and Mary Prescott eleven children. This family figures largely in that most tragic page of the history of Lancaster which tells of the massacres and captivities of its inhabitants, and the entire destruction of the town itself by the Indians. On the land of Thomas Sawyer stood the Sawyer garrison, into which were gathered the survivors of that most murderous attack made upon the town in the winter of 1075-70. At this time his second son, Ephraim, who was at the Prescott garrison, was killed by the Indians. Thirty-tw'o years later, 1708, the oldest son, Thomas, and his son Elias were captured by the Indians and taken to Canada. When the party reached Montreal, the father offered to put up a mill on the river Chambly, on condition that the French governor would obtain the release of all the captives. Thus the first mill in Canada was built by Thomas Sawyer. He was liberated, but his son Elias was detained for a time to teach the Canadians " the art of sawing and keeping the mill in order, and then was dismissed with rich presents." 3. Caleb Sawyer, the sixth child of Thomas, was born in 1059, in Lancaster, Mass. He married Sarah Houghton, thus effecting an alliance between two of the most prominent families who organized the town of Lancaster. Caleb Sawyer died in 1755, leaving two sons and two daughters. 4. Seth Sawyer, the oldest son of Caleb, was born in 1705; married Miss Hepsabeth Whitney; died in 1708. 5. Caleb Sawyer, the second son of Seth, was born in 1737, at Harvard, Mass., a part of Lancaster which in 1732 had been incorporated as a town by itself. He married Miss Sarah Patch in 1700. They had tAvo sons, Phineas and Jonathan. Jonathan remained on the home farm at Harvard, which is still occupied by his descendants. 6. Phineas Sawyer was born at Harvard, Mass., in 1708. He went to Marl- borough, Mass., now Hudson, in 1800. He bought a mill property there, con- sisting of a saw, grist, and wire-drawing mill. In 1806 he built a cotton-mill, JONATHAN SAWYER. 241 and operated it until the close of the war in 1815. It required in those days immense enterprise and energy to project and carr-y on such a work as a cotton- factory. The machinery was procured from Rhode Island. The ginning-machine had not yet come into general use. The cotton, when received, was distributed among the farmers, to have the seeds picked out one by one by their families. It was carded and spun by water power, at the mill. It was then sent out again among the farmers to be woven into cloth. Phineas Sawyer was a man of great independence of character, self-reliant, and full of courage. These qualities, so conspicuous in his business aftairs, shone out with untliminished power in his religious life. He lived at a time in Massachusetts when Methodism was re- garded with special disfavor. But Mr. Sawyer, believing that the Methodists were right, believed so with all his heart, and the petty persecutions to which his faith was subjected only intensified his zeal and loyalty. His house was the home for all traveling Methodists, and the }»lace where they gathered for reli- gious worship. He was well versed in the best Methodist literature of his times. He stands forth in the annals of his church as one of the foremost men, for sagacity, boldness, and piety, in the Needham circuit. He had for his wife a worthy helpmeet, Hannah Whitney, of Harvard. She was as ardently attached to Methodism as was her husband, and bore her full share of service and sacrifice for it in its days of weakness and persecution. The sudden death of her hus- band, which took place in 1820, left Mrs. Sawyer to provide for the support of twelve children, the youngest, Jonathan, being then two years old. This truly noble woman, with but little means, faced the difficulties before her with an un- flinching spirit of faith and hopefulness. It required superlative fortitude, finest sagacity, and sternest self-sacrifice to have enabled this mother to success- fully rear these twelve children, give to them a good education, and establish all of them in respectable positions in the world. She continued to live in Marl- borough some nine years, leasing the mill property. In 1829 she went to Lowell, where she lived twenty years, dying there in 1849, greatly respected by all who knew her, and held in honor and affection by her many children. 7. Jonathan Sawyer, the subject of this sketch, was the youngest child of Phineas. He was born at Marlborough, Mass., in 1817. He went with his mother and other members of the family when he was twelve years old, to Lowell, where for the next few years he attended school. He was a member of the first class that entered the high school of that city, having among his mates Hon. Benjamin F. Butler, Gov. E. A. Straw, and G. V. Fox, assistant secretary of the navy during the civil war. Bishop Thomas M. Clark was the principal of this school. On account of a severe sickness, young Sawyer at six- teen years of age left school, and while recruiting his health made a visit to his brother, Alfred Ira Sawyer, who, after some experience as a dyer at Amesbury and Grreat Falls, had come in 1824 to Dover, N. H., where he was operating a grist-mill, a custom carding and cloth-dressing mill, converting this last into a flannel-mill. Jonathan remained in Dover two years, going to school and work- ing for his brother. In the fall of 1835 he returned to Lowell. His mother, for the purpose of conferring upon her son a more complete education, sent him to the great Methodist school at Wilbraham, which at that time was a most flour- ishing preparatory school for the Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn. Here he remained two terms, when, at nineteen years of age, returning to Lowell, he went into a woolen establishment as a dyer. Afterwards he went into this business on his own account, and continued in it until 1839. During the latter part of this time he was not so engrossed in his business but that he found time to make frequent visits to New Ipswich, where Mies Martha Perkins, of Barnard, Vt., was attending school. In 1839 they were married, and went to Watertown, N. Y., where Mr. Sawyer became the superin- 242 JONATHAN SAWYER. tendent of the Hamilton Woolen Company. After two and a half years, Mr. Sawyer went into business for the manufacture of satinets. In 185(1. liis brother Alfred having died at Dover, N. H., the year before, and the children being too young to carry on the business, Mr. Jonathan Sawyer assumed its control in con- nection witli his brother Zenas. Two years later Zenas retired, and Francis A. Sawyer, who had been a jDrominent builder in Boston, became a partner with Jonathan, the object being to continue tlie manufacture of woolen flannels. In 1858 the property Ix'low known as the '' Moses mill," another flannel manufac- tory, was purchased. This mill was enlarged in 1800 to four sets of machinery, again in ISGi) to eight, and in 188(1 and 1882 to sixteen sets. The old machin- ery is now completely replaced by new. The old mill, started in 18i}2, was in 1872 replaced ])y the present substantial structure, which contains" fourteen sets of machinery, with preparing and finishing machinery for thirty sets in both mills. Since 18GG the attention of these noted manufacturers has been entirely devoted to the manufacture of fine fancy cassimere cloths and suitings. Already they have established for these goods a foremost ])lace in their class. At the Centennial Exhibition, at Philadelphia, a medal ami diploma were awarded the Sawyer goods, for their "high intrinsic merit." The l)usiness has, since 18TH, been carried on as a corporation, having a capital of six hundred tliousand dol- lars. The corporation consists of the old firm of F. A.* and J. Sawyer, and Charles H. Sawyer, the present agent of the establishment. In 180() this com- pany made a bold innovation on the method that was so long in vogue among manufacturers, of consigning their goods to commission houses. The under- taking upon which this company entered, of selling their own goods, was met with great opposition ; but their boldness and foresight have already been justi- fied by the success which they have made, and the adoption of their methods by other manufacturers. This establishment can now look back upon a half-century of remarkable history. The unmajred reputation for strictest integrity wliich these managers have won, their far-reaching enterprise, and the unsurpassed excellences of their fabrics, have enabled them to prosperously pass through all the financial depressions and panics which so many times have swept over the country during this long period. Mr. Jonathan Sawyer, with his vigor of mind and body still unimpaired, lives in his elegant mansion, which looks out upon a magnificent picture of wood and vale and mountain range, and down upon the busy scene of his many years of tireless industry. He loves his home, in the adornment of which his fine taste finds full play. When free from business he is always there. He loves his books, and his conversation shows an unusual breadth of reading in science, history, and politics. He is possessed of a strong, clear intellect, a calm, dispas- sionate judgment, and sympathies which always bring him to the side of the wronged and the suffering. At a time when anti-slavery sentiments were unpop- ular, Mr. Sawyer was free in their utterance, and was among the first to form the Free-soil party. Since the organization of the Republican party, Mr. Sawyer has been among its strongest supporters. He has persistently declined the many ofllices of honor and profit which those acquainted with his large intelligence and sagacity and stainless honesty have sought to confer upon him. He is abun- dantly content to exercise his business powers in developing still more the great manufactory, and his affections upon his large household and his chosen friends, and his public spirit in helping every worthy cause and person in the community. The children of Mr. Sawyer, all of whom have grown up to maturity, are Charles Henry, Mary Elizabeth, Francis Asbury, Roswell Douglas, Martha Frances, Alice May, Frederic Jonathan. * Francis A. Sa-wyer died June 16, 1881. DR. ASA CROSBY AND SONS. BY S. P. HADLEY In giving a notice of Judge Crosby of Lowell, Mass., as originally contem- plated, at his request and with the consent of the publisher, I am desired to give it in the character of a family notice, or rather of the father and sons, now all deceased except the judge. Dr. Asa Crosby, the father, was born in Amlierst (now Milford), N. H., July 15. 1765, and died at Hanover, N. H., April 12, 1836. He married Betsey Hoit, daughter of Judge Nathan Hoit, an officer in the Revolutionary war, and judge of the court of common pleas. He was in the sixth generation from Simon of Cambridge, Mass., who arrived in the '-Susan and Ellyn" in 1635, the direct line being Simon, Simon, Josiah,Josiah, and Josiah his father, born in Billerica, Mass., November 24, 1730. Sarah Fitch, his mother, was born in Bedford, Mass., March 25, 1732. The Crosby families mostly inhabited Billerica, Mass., where many of the decendants still reside, although some lived in the ancient town of Braintree, Mass., and others on Cape Cod. His father settled in Amherst, N. H., where he died October 15, 1763. His mother lived until September 16, 1825. The following notice of Dr. Crosby, written by Prof. R. D. Mussey of Dartmouth College, is taken from the Boston Medical and Surgical Journcd, Vol. XIV. : — " Dr. Asa Crosby was an uncommon man. At the age of twenty-one he com- menced practice in Straffijrd county, N. H., and continued in full practice forty- six years. He was a distinguished member of the profession, both in physic and surgery ; and in the latter branch he performed some very important and diffi- cult operations. Indeed, for many years he was the principal operator for an extensive district of country. He was one of those self-taught men, whose force of intellect breaks through the most appalling obstacles, and rises unaided to skill and reputation. Although deprived of a systematic course of professional instruction, having commenced practice before medical schools were established in New England, he provided himself with a good library, and spent his leisure hours, and even moments, among his books. He drew around him young men as pupils, between twenty and thirty of whom may be reckoned as educated by him ; and, what is much to his credit, many of them are now distinguished men. " Dr. (h'osby was for many years a member of the Church of C'hrist, and died in the full hope of a better life. " The medical profession in New Hampshire is not a little indebted to Dr. Crosby, inasmuch as he was one of the few who interested themselves in procur- ing the charter of the >State Medical Society, of which he was an active and zealous member for thirty years. The honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred on him by Dartmouth College in 1811." 244 DR. ASA CROSBY AND SONS. JOSIAH CliOSBY, M. D. Dr. Josiah Crosbv, third son of Dr. Asa Crosby, was born in Sandwich, N. H., February 1, 1794, and died in 3Ianfliester, N. H., January 7, 1875. He married Olive Light Avery, daughter of Daniel Avery, a merchant and manu- facturer of (jiilford, N. H., February U. 1829. He studied his profession with his father, and the distinguished I'rof. Nathan Smith of Dartmouth College. His early practice was in Concord. N. H., and Lowell, Mass., but his professional life-work was in Manchester. N. H,, from 184-1 to his death. The following ex- tracts are taken from an obituary notice of him read before the New Hampshire Medical Society by Dr. ^y . W. "Wilkins, of Manchester: — " Here (Manchester, N. H.,) for thirty years he was the unrivaled head of the profession. Here he originated the method of making extensions of frac- tured limbs by the use of adhesive strips, which gave him a high reputation with surgeons in Europe as well as at honu' ; and, later, he invented the ' invalid bed ' which has so tenderly held the patient, without a strain or jar, while the bed-clothes could be changed or wounds cared for. or, by dro])ping a belt or two, jn-event local pressure and irritation. The skillful physician, the christian gentleman, and sympathizing frieiul were combinations of character in him rarely excelled. " Those who have known Dr. Josiah Crosby, who have had the jtrivilege of his acquaintance, been honored by his confidence, and felt the influence of his pure example, will feel more deeply than any words of mine express, the loss we have met in his death. Few men love their life-work as he did. The practice of medicine to him was no mere trade, no secondary means of obtaining some- thing else that outranked it, but the chosen calling of his life, to which in his young manhood he gave not only his rare mental endownu;nts, but the rich treasures of his heart ; and with the weight of eighty years resting upon him, it was his greatest comfort that he could still labor in his chosen jtrofession. " His habits of study, that had been early formed, followed him into old age. New theories and discoveries in medical science were carefully criticised ; the medical journals, to which he was a liberal subsciber, were read ; and he was better posted in regard to the medical literature of the day than a majority of the young men in the profession. " He exerted a strong influence on the profession itself. The quiet dignity of his character was felt by all who came in contact with him. No unguarded words passed his lips in regard to members of the ])rofession that were absent that would not have been as freely expressed in their presence. " The same elements of character made him a superior surgeon. His opera- tions were complete. He had abundant resources, and, if the ordinary methods of ^ treatment failed, was ever ready to supi)ly their place by extraordinary methods. His contributions to medical science were of a character that reflected the highest honor upon him as a physician and skillful surgeon, and placed him in no mean rank as a benefactor of his race. " He never indulged in sports, or frequented watering-places. His church, his home, and his professional duties filled to the full his days and years, and too many sleepless nights. His sympathies for the sick, his great benevolence, his love of neighbor as of himself, formed the mainspring of his life labors. " We have known him in his strength, and we shall always recollect him as the strong, self-reliant, active physician. We are more than grateful for his record. Life is the sum total of so many days and years, to which may be added DR. ASA CROSBY AND SONS. 245 the little real good one has been permitted to accomplish in a lifetime. Looking back over these fifty years, can we compute the worth of such a life?" His widow still lives, as also his son, Dr. George A. Crosby, of Manchester, an eminent physician and surgeon. JUDGE NATHAN CROSBY. Nathan Crosby, fourth son of Dr. Asa Crosby, was born in Sandwich, N. H., February 12, 1798 ; was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1820 ; read law with Stephen Moody, Esq., of Gilmanton, and Asa Freeman, of Dover, N. H., and was admitted to the bar in Strafford county in 1823. He practiced law a dozen years, mostly in Gilmanton, N. H., and Amesbury and Newburyport, Mass., until 1838, when he removed to Boston, at the call of the Massachu- setts Temperance Union, to conduct two important features of the temperance cause, — the acceptance of the teetotal pledge for the ardent-spirits pledge, and prohibition for license, and to organize societies based upon those principles throughout the commonwealth. He was also editor of the MassarJiusetfs Tein- j)erance Journal, the Cold ^^atel■ Army and Temj^erance Ahuanac, and various other publications. Subsequently, in 1843, he removed to Lowell, and was employed by the manufacturing companies of that city to purchase the large lakes in New Hamp- shire whose waters supply the Merrimack river, and secured for the companies one hundred thousand acres of water. Before this service was fully accom- plished, he received the appointment of standing justice of the police court of Lowell, upon the resignation of the late Hon. Joseph Locke, who had held the ofiice thirteen years. Judge Crosby was qualified May 19, 1846. This position he still holds. He has rarely failed of holding the civil terms of the court during his entire period of service. In the discharge of the duties of a local magistrate, — a position peculiarly trying, placed, as those duties are, so near the people in all their differences, controversies, temptations, follies, and depravi- ties. — he has been at all times humane, conscientious, incorruptible, and just, aiming to do right. In all works of philanthropy and reform, no one has a kinder heart, or a more willing or generous hand. His frequent appeals to the public, through the press, upon the temperance issues of the day have been characterized by great power, earnestness, and practical wisdom, and have been widely read and approved. He has never held political office, but has been in the ranks of the Federal, Whig, and Republican parties. He was the first man in the country to give one hun- dred dollars for the sanitary relief of Union soldiers in the late rebellion, and to form a soldiers' relief association, of which he was president during the war. He was the first college graduate from the town of his birth, and the last of four of his class who received the degree of Doctor of Laws. His literary productions consist of '■ Obituary Notices for 1857 and 1858," in two volumes, ^' First Half Century of Dartmouth College," eulogies upon Judge Wilde and Hon. Tappan Wentworth, " Notices of Distinguished Men of Essex County, Mass.," the last being especially illustrative of Choa'te, Cushing, and Rantoul, and letters and appeals to the citizens of Lowell upon the temperance issues of 1880 and 1881. He has a nervous, but animated and entertaining style. His " First Half Century of Dartmouth College" is a model in its way, while his " Crosby Family," a genealogical work, is not the dry and uninteresting reading such literatui-e usually is, but is entertaining, even to the general reader, for its reminiscences of individuals, and its pleasant pictures of old times in New Hampshire. 246 DK. ASA CROSBY A^U SONS. He has always cherished a deep interest in Dartmouth Collefije, and to no slight extent has, by personal eiFort, brought about events which have been of substantial benefit to that ancient seat of learning. Judge Crosby has been twice married. His first wife, Rebecca Mar((uand Moody, was a daughter of Stephen Moody. Esq., of Gilmanton, by whom he had nine children, of which number five are now living, namely, Frances Coffin, wife of Dr. Henry A. Martin, of Boston ; Hon. Stephen Moody Crosby, of Boston; Maria Stocker, wife of the late Maj. Alexander McI). Lyon, of P>ie, Penn. ; Ellen Grant, wife of N. G. Xorcross, Es((,. of Lowell, and Susan Coffin, wife of Charles Francis, son of James B. Franc-is, of Lowell, the distinguished engineer. His daughter, Bebecca Mar({uand, widow of the late Z. B. Caverly, United States charge irit- uous liquors, and always using his influence to save young men from the use of them. His nature was many-sided enough to find some points of agreement with men whose habits differed from his own. He established a line of stages through his native town before any system of railroads had been extended through the state. He afterwards became president of the Concord & Claremont Railroad. He possessed, in an unusual degree, an ability to create in his own brain and carry into practice business activities. He saw and felt how labor could be well applied, and, while a young man, built him- self, in a part of the town then almost a forest, a grist-mill, carding and fulling mill. In 1836 he was instrumental in establishing a scythe-factory wliich was carried on by the use of the same water that had been used for the mills. In this enterprise he was associated with Joseph Phillips and Richard Messer, both of whom had learned the trade of scythe-making. In the vicinity there grew up directly a flourishing village. In politics, Mr. Colby was always conservative. He was first elected a mem- ber of the New Hampshire legislature, in 1828, and afterwards held nearly every higher office of trust in the state. Daniel Webster was his personal friend. Their fathers, who lived in the same county, only about twenty miles apart, were numy years associated in the legislature, of which they were mem- bers, from Salisbury and New London. The friendship between himself, Judge Nesmith, of Franklin, and (jren. James Wilson, of Keene, was more than simple friend.sliip, — they were delightlul companions; of essentially diflerent character- istics, the combination was perfect. Daniel Webster was their political chief, and his vacation sometimes found these men together at the Franklin " farm- house," and at the chowder parties up at the "pond." The Phenix Hotel, under the charge of Col. Abel and Maj. Ephraim Hutchins, was the central rendez- vous, where a great deal of projected statesmanship, a great deal of story telling and fruitless caucusing were indulged in, down to the revolution of 1846, when the Democrats lost their supremacy by the admission of Texas as a slave state, when John P. Hale went into the senate. Anthony Colby was then elected GOV. ANTHONY COLBY. 253 governor. Mr. Webster wrote him earnest congratulations. With the usual backsets of a radical change, the Whig party held the front until Mr. Webster made his Seventh-of-March speech in 1850, on the fugitive-slave bill. Following up that speech by another on the Revere-House steps, favoring the enforcement of that law, and addressed to New England men, in which he said, " Mas.*achusetts takes no steps backward," he placed his friends in a most trying predicament. Mr. Webster and his Boston body-guard made an effort to hold the Whig party solid to his position. It could not be done. The Abolitionists stood forth in fill! panoply, indiscriminately and precipitately aggressive, thanking God for the fugitive-slave law, and that Daniel Webster was its promoter and defender. He wrote to Gov. Colby, urging him to stand firmly by him and help bring the public mind to this new standard. The governor was perplexed. Privately he expressed himself after this fashion : " New Hampshire men vote for the fugi- tive-slave law! This whole business is like crowding a hot potato down a man's throat, and then asking him to sing 'Old Hundred.'" He wrote Mr. Webster that he would do all that he could for him as a friend, although the law was odious to him. There was held, that summer, a Baptist state convention. It was a full con- vention, for the churches were in a ferment, and many of them disintegrating upon the slavery issue. He was sent as a delegate from the church of which he was a member. A set of resolutions was reported, of a very violent and denun- ciatory character, directed against the fugitive-slave law, Mr. Webster, and both political parties, threatening expulsion and disfellowship to those members of churches who did not come out with an open and square protest upon this subject. The discussion was all one side until the advocates of the resolution had aired their opinions to their own satisfaction. Then the governor, seeing his oppor- tunity, quietly arose and moved an amendment to the resolution inveighing against Mr. Webster personally. He felt the fight to be a single-handed one, and would go through it alone if necessary. Presently, a candid brother seconded his amendment with a few suggestions. Other brethren applauded. Then the storm set in from the other side, and the convention became disorderly. It was as if the better elements of New England life were in one grand convocation. This was the first public discussion of the situation. The contest was as brilliant a one, on a modified scale, as any intellectual and emotional contest that we read of. The governor's only hope of reconciliation was by settling down on his own popidarity with the members of the convention, and, avoiding the principles in- volved, appealing to their generosity as a personal favor. With tears in his eyes, and in faltering, grieving tones, he besought them most solemnly to spare his life-long friend the denunciation contained in that one resolution, and accept his amendment. The convention agreed to it. He sent a report of the proceedings, with an explanatory letter, to Mr. Webster; but he was not satisfied. There the matter dropped. These true-hearted friends saw, silently, the scepter of leader- ship declining in Mr. Webster's hand, and sadly lamented what they could not prevent. No Whig had held the office of governor, until the election of Anthony Colby, since the election of Gov. Bell, an interim of seventeen years. Gov. Colby being rallied upon his one-term office, said he considered his administration the most remarkable the state ever had. "Why so?" was asked ; when with assumed gravity he answered: "Because I have satisfied the pcoplr in one i/ear, and no other governor ever did that." His spirit attached him to military life. He was early promoted to the rank of major-general. This experience turned to his account, when, during the try- ing years of our late war, in 18(J1 he was appointed adjutant-general, and subse- 254 GOV. ANTHONY COLBY. quently provost-marshal, of New Hampshire. At this time his son Daniel E. Colby was appointed adjutant-general. The governor always alluded to this service as the saddest of his life, — to encourage and send forth to almost certain death the young men of the state whom he loved as a father. This was his last promi- nent office in state affairs ; and so faithful was he in it. that, although nearly seventy years of age, he went often to the front to acquaint himself with the condition of the soldiers and share their hardships with them. In 1850 ho received from Dartmouth (^)llege the degree of A. M., and the same year was chosen one of the trustees of the college. He was interested in the best possible educational advantages of the young, and in every way jjromoted them. Through his energy, in a great degree, the academy in New Ijondon has arisen to its present flourishing condition. His son-in-law, James B. Colgate, of New York, has generously endowed it, and aided in placing it upon a solid basis. The trustees have conferred upon it the name of (^)ll)y Academy. Grov. Colby's second wife, Eliza jMesseiiger Kichardsdn, of Boston, by her accomplishments and true Cliristiati character euihellisli(Ml mid enlivened his declining years, while the devotion of his children cheered the seclusion of his last days. Said an illiterate woman, to strangers discussing his character in the cars, " Governor Colby carries the very demon of honesty in his face." It was his unfailing sense of duty and trust in (rod that won for him the vast respect of the public, and esteem of a large circle of private friends. Sunday evening, July 20, 1875, he died, peacefully, in the home of his father, at the age of eighty years, and was buried in the cemetery of his native town, by the side of his parents. '^"^"-Tx :r US^ Si^rSU^J-^ 4fmJim!L SECRETARY WILLIAM E. CHANDLER. BY HON. JACOB H. ELA. William E. Chandler, the second son of Nathan S. and Mary A. Chandler, was born in Concord, N. H., December 28, 1835, and educated in the public schools of that city and the academies of Thetford, Vt., and Pembroke, N. H. He began the study of the law in the office of George & Webster and (leorge & Foster in 1852 ; graduated from the Harvard Law School as LL. B. in 1855 ; and in 1856, before coming of age, began practicing in Concord with Francis B. Peabody, Esq., now of Chicago. Mr. Chandler has, from early childhood, fulfilled all the expectations of his friends. At the Harvard Law School he was librarian, and graduated with prize honors for an essay on " The Introduction of the Principles of Equity Jurispru- dence into the Administration of the Common Law." He developed an early taste for polities, and a desire to aid in philanthropic movements. He delivered an address, in 1857, before the Concord Female Benevolent Association, in the Unitarian church, which at once proved him a clear and vigorous writer and thinker. The writer's first recollection of him as a lawyer was in the manage- ment of an election case before the state legislature, for the Republicans of Moultonborough, when it seemed imprudent to employ one almost a boy to manage a case such as was generally committed to lawyers of large experience ; but the result justified the selection. In June, 1859, he was appointed, by Gov. Ichabod Goodwin, law reporter of the New Hampshire supreme court, and pub- lished five volumes of the reports. He entered the service of the Republican party with great earnestness at its beginning, in 185(3, and gave much of his time in the office of the state committee, to assist the movement during its early campaigns, becoming secretary first, and afterwards chairman in 1864 and 1865. The election of 1863 took place during the darkest period of the war, following the battle of Fredericksburg, when gloom and almost despair overshadowed every town in the state. It was evident to all that a draft was impending, and it seemed as though the ability of the towns and the state had been exhausted, and no more money could be raised or volunteers be found to enlist. All those opposed to the war were united and active in the Democratic party, and were aided by those Republicans who were alarmed by the burden of debt, and by those who would compromise the safety of the Union sooner than expose them- selves to be drafted to save it. It was the most important political campaign ever conducted in the state, and brought the executive ability of Mr. Chandler prominently into view, and led to his future advancement. It was the first cam- paign in which a woman took a leading part. Miss Anna Dickinson was em- ployed as one of the speakers in the canvass, and there commenced her career on the platform. She had before often spoken in anti-slavery meetings. President Lincoln watched this campaign more closely, probably, than any other outside his own state. It was the opening election of the year following a depressing 25(3 SECKETAKY WILLIAM E. CHANDLEK. defeat, and he felt that to lose it at such a critical time would be as disastrous in its effects upon the army and the country as the loss of a great battle. It was his interest in this election which first brought Mr. Chandler to his attention, and there is no doubt that he noted when, in the Svw Hampshire llepublican state convention, in 1864, Mr. Chandler offered the following resolution, which was unanimously and by acclamation adopted : — ''Resolved, Thill Abrahiini Lincoln, by tin; exercise, iluring the severest iuul most ilan- gerous crisis in the nation's hi.story, of nne(iuiiled .sagacity and statcsniansliiii, and that moderation and prndence which experience has shown to be the highest wisdom; by his spotless integrity of personal character, above reproach and abov<; suspicion ; and ))y his slowly formed yet unalterable determination that the triumph of the constitution and the Union over secession and rebellifin shall be the final triumph of liberty throughout the nation,— has received and merited the abiding confidence of the people to an extent never awarded any other public man since Wasliington; that the best interests of the country demand tliat the comijlete destruction of the rebellion and the restoration of peace, pros- perity, and tlie Union, should be achieved under his administration of the governmejit ; and tliat we therefore declare Abraham Lincoln to be the peo])le's choice for re-el(!ction to the presidenej- in lS(i4." The adoption of the resolution, and the conduct of the canvass in the spring of 18(14 on the basis of Mr. Lincoln's renomination, resulted in a very large liepublican majority; and Mr. Chandler, who had been a member of the legisla- ture of 1862, and; at the age of twenty-seven, had been elected speaker of the house of representatives, in 1863, was again chosen speaker; and in August, 1864, presided over the legislature in which occurred the eventful conflict and riotous disturbances over the veto by Governor Gilmore of the bill allowing sol- . diers in the field the light to vote. Mr. Chandler gained his earliest reputation for persistency, coolness, and moral courage in this celebrated conflict, so well remem- bered by the Republicans of the state. In November, 18(54, he was employed by the Navy Department as special counsel to prosecute the Philadelphia navy-yard frauds, and on March 9, 1865, was appointed, by President Lincoln, the first solicitor and judge-advocate- general of that department. On June IT, 1865, he was appointed first assistant secretary of the treasury, with Secretary Hugh McCulloch, and held the office over two years, resigning November 30, 1867. After his resignation, he prac- ticed law in New Hampshire and in Washington, and was solicitor of the National Life Insurance Company, and counsel and one of the proprietors of the Washington-Market Company, and engaged in some mining and railroad enterprises. It has been at various times falsely charged that Mr. Chandler received large fees for prosecuting cotton claims before the department in which he had been an officer. This charge is entirely false^ He has never prosecuted, before any forum, any such claims, and the following letter to him, written at a time when Hon. George G. Fogg made such charges against him, proves the correctness of his conduct : — \\'ASiiiNGT()N, 1). C, Januai-y -J.i, IS(iS. Hon. Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the Treasury, — MY Deak Sir : — It has been stated in public prints and otherwise, in a form tlesigncd to injure me, that since leaving the Treasury Department I have taken employment against the government as agent or attorney for cotton claims. As you know tliat such statements are false, I desire tliat you will be kind enough to inform me in writing of tlie understanding tliat exists as to my relation to such cases. Very truly yours, WM. E. CHAKDLEK. SECRETARY WILLIAM E. CHANDLER. 257 Treasury Departmknt, January 28, 1868. DEAR Sir:— Your favor of the iSth instant is receivetl. It was arranged between us, ■oefore you resigned your office of Assistant Secretary, tliat you were not to act as counsel or otherwise against the government in relation to cotton chiinis, either at tliis department or before the court of claims. The arrangement was entirely vohintary on your part, and was considered prudent and judicious in view of your connection with this class of claims in the department. I regarded it as a very honorable one as far as you were concerned, as it was unaccompanied by any retainer or employment of yourself as counsel for the govern- ment in such cases, and was witliout any assurance on my part, or, as I supposed, any expectation on yours, tliat you should be so employed. The understanding has not been, so far as I am advised, directly or indirectly, violated by von. Very truly yours, HUGH MCCULLOCH, Secretary. HON. Wm. E. Chandi^er, Washington, 1). c:. Mr. Chandler did not keep out of politics, but was elected as a delegate-at- large from New Hampshire to the national convention of 1868, and subsequently was chosen secretary of the national committee. He held this position during President Grant's administrations, and devoted himself to the successful conduct of the campaigns of 1868 and 1872. In 1876 he declined tooccupy the posi- tion longer, but still contributed much of his time to assist in the conduct of the canvass. He had, during this time, become the owner of the largest interest in the Neio Hampshire Statesman and the Monitor, the leading weekly and daily Republican papers in- the state, at Concord, and he was elected, in November, a member from Concord to the constitutional convention which amended the constitution of the state. After voting in Concord at the presidential election in 1876, Mr. Chandler left for Washington, reaching the Fifth-Avenue Hotel, New York, in the early hours of the morning. The other managers of the national campaign had retired for the night', believing they were defeated ; but, coincident with Mr. Chandler's arrival," news reached the committee-rooms that Oregon had been carried by the llepublicans, which would elect Hayes and Wheeler by one vote. Mr. Chandler at once comprehended the situation and the points of danger, and, without waiting for consultation, sent dispatches warning against defeat by fraud, to Oregon, Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. At the urgent^ solicitation of prominent members of the party, he was prevailed upon to start immediately for Florida, to protect the interests of the Republican party. He there became counsel for the Hayes electors before the canvassing board of the state, and it is universally admitted, by Republicans and Democrats alike, that to him more than to any other man is due the preservation to the Republicans of the fruits of their victory in that state. When the contest was transferred from the states to congress, and, finally, before the electoral commission chosen to arbitrate and decide who had been elected president, Mr. Chandler acted as counsel, and assisted in preparing the case as presented to the commission. In the report of the special committee sent by the senate to investigate the election in Florida, made January 29, 1877, by Senator Sargent, of California, is contained a full statement of what the committee considered to be the law with reference to the conclusiveness of the declaration by a state canvassing board of the vote of the state for presidential electors, which was the earliest formal exposition of the principles of law which were finally adopted by the com- mission. The authorship of this statement is freely attributed by Mr. Sargent to Mr. Chandler, and the points, briefly stated, are as follows : — I. Tlie canvassing board was creatcil by competent legislative authority, with jurisdic- tion to ascertain, declare, and certify, in due form, the result of the election, and in this case it did certify that the Hayes electors had been chosen by nine hundred and thirty majority. 258 SECKETAKY WILLIAM E. CHANDLER. This declaration, having been made by a tribunal lia\-lng unquestioned jurisdiction over the subject-matter, is conclusive, and it has not been and cannot be reviewed, revised, or reversed, by any power anywhere existing. II. It cannot be reversed by any authority proceeding from the state of Florida. It cannot be reversed by a recanvass of the votes. III. As the decision of the canvassing board, that the Hayes electors were chosen, cannot be reversed by a recanvass, neither can the title of the electors be impaired upon pro- ceedings of quo warranto. IV. If the declaration of the result of the election of presidential electors in Florida, made by the state tribunal authorized by the legislature to make such declaration, cannot be reversed by any authority proceeding from the state of Florida, neither can it be re- versed bj- congi-ess. The constitutional provision, section 1, article 2, is, " That each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof shall direct, a number of electors equal," etc. It is not pretended by any one tliat the president of the senate, or congress, in counting the electoral vote, can do more than merely ascertain whether or not the electors have been appointed within each stare in the manner pi-escribed l)y the legislature thereof; and in the present case, if congress sliall find that the result t)f the late election was ascer- tained and declaretl by the pi-ojier ti'ibunal, created for that i)uri)Ose and authorized by tlie legislature to make the tlechuatiou, tliat declaration and decision by such tribunal having jurisdiction over the subject-matter is final and conclusive upon congress, and cannot be reviewed, revised, or reversed. It does appear that the canvassing board of the state of Florida, duly authorized by the legislature, canvassed the result of the election, and de- clared and certified that the Hayes electors were chosen, which result appearing to the gov- ernor of the state, he issued certificates to the electors so declartid chosen, and thej' pro- ceeded to perform their functions. Beyond this authorized decision and declaration of the proper state tribunal, it is respectfully submitted that neither the president of the senate nor congress can go. V. In stating this doctrine, that neither the jiresident t)f the senate nor eongj'ess has the right, in counting the electoral vote from anj- stat(s to go beyond the decision of that tribu- nal authorized by the state legislature to ascertain and declare the result of the vote of the people ot the state for electors, it is not meant to assert that the president of the senate, or congi-ess, cannot go behind the mere ministerial certificate of the governor. It is the duty of the executive to give a certificate to the electors chosen in the manner the legislature may have appointed, and declared to be so chosen by the tribunal authorized by the legislature to make such declaration. But if the governor is, by the state statute, not a member of such tribunal, his certificate is as purely ministerial as that of the clerk of a court certifying a copy of a judgment. It is a valid certificate if it is in accordance with the facts appearing upon the record. It is utterly invalid and worthless if contrary to those facts. Therefore the president of the senate, or congress, in canvassing the electoral votes, even ministe- rially, and with no authority to go beyond the declaration of the election made by the state tribunal authorized to decide the result of the election, may look bej-ond the mere ministe- rial certificate of the executive, who has been authorized to decide nothing, and whose cer- tificate is of no value or binding force unless correctly and truthfully issued in accordance with the legally declared election. This distinction, which enables the president of the senate, or congress, to go behind the mere ministerial certificate of the governor of the state, but yet prohibits them from going behind the declaration as to the result of the election duly made by the proper state tribunal authorized to make such declaration, although tech- nical, is as clear and distinct, and founded ui:)on principles of law as sound and wise, as those which allow any tribunal to go behind a clerk's merely ministerial certificate purport- ingto verify the result of a verdict or judgment in coui-t, without allowing it to go beyond the true record of the verdict or judgment itself. After Mr. Hayes had been by the commission declared elected president, when his administration surrendered the state governments of South Carolina and Louisiana into tlie hands of the Democratic claimants, ^Ir. Chandler vigorotxsly opposed it, and criticised the surrender and the men connected with it in most scathing terms, in letters published in the winter of 1877-78. His fidelity to his convictions of duty was conspicuous ; and his courage and boldness in attack- ing the Hayes administration gave him a lasting hold upon the confidence of the country. SECRETARY WILLIAM E. CHANDLER. 259 In 1880 he was elected at the head of tlie tieket of Bhiine delegates from New Hampshire to the Chicago convention, and was especially active in the con- tests in the national committee prior to the convention, and as a member of the committee on credentials, of which Senator Conger was chairman, and which made the successful report in favor of district representation. The following is an extract from the report of the committee on credentials : — ■ Tins loiiK current of precedents, and tiiis universal custom of the past, most conclu- sively establish the right of congressional district representation. It is a question of sub- stance and not of form. Whether the delegates have come certified from separate district conventions, or whether they have come from a state con\ention where the district mem- bers thereof have selected their district representatives, and formally reported them to the state convention, and their election has been certified, for brevity and convenience, only by the ofticers of the state convention, district representation in fact has always been allowed. The right of the congressional. disti-ict to two members residing within it and repi-esenting its sentiments, has been treated as sacred, and your committee do not betieve that it should be now for the first time invaded with tlie approval of a national convention. Not only does the call for the convention, and the practice and precedents of the party, in one unbroken line, indicate and secure the right of single district representation, but every consideration of the reason of the practice tends to confirm its wisdom. The purpose to be secured in nominating a President is the selection of a candidate the most likely to be accepted by the people; and the nearer we get to the popular feeling, in the manner of se- lecting delegates, the wiser and safer will be our nominations. If a state convention called to choose delegates to a national convention can, by a bare majority, over -rule the choices of the congressional districts and select delegates residing within the districts who do not represent its sentiments, they might as well be allowed to select all the delegates from one congressional district. Residence within a district, coupled with misrepresentation of its sentiments, is a mockery. The delegates thus selected bj' a state convention will not fairly represent the masses of the Republicans of the state, but frequently will misrepresent them. Nominations made by conventions of such delegates will not be so likely to be ratified at the polls; and, in the opinion of the committee, it is the duty of the convention emphati- cally to disapprove these attempts to over-ride time-honored customs of the party, and to vindicate the right of evei-y congressional district to be represented in a national convention by two delegates of its own selection, and expressing its own sentiments. When his favorite candidate was withdrawn in the convention, he supported General Garfield, and during the campaign which resulted in his election was a member of the national committee and served on the executive committee. On March 28, 1881, he was nominated, by President G-arfield, as solicitor- general in the Department of Justice ; but his confirmation was opposed by Attorney-General MacVeagh, and also by all the Democratic senators, on account of his extreme radicalism on the southern question. The Republicans, with Vice-President Arthur's vote, would have had one majority ; but the whole Dem- ocratic vote, the absence of the New York senators, the abstention of Senator Mitchell, and the adverse vote of Senator Cameron of Pennsylvania, caused his rejection, on May 20, by five majority. Mr. Chandler had been, in November, 1880, elected a member from Concord in the state legislature, which assembled in June, 1881, and he took a leading po- sition. He favored stringent legislation against bribery at elections, and against the issuing of free passes by railroads, and was in favor of controlling by law the regulation of freight and fares upon all railroads within the state. After the close of the session of the legislature, when consolidation was eifected be- tween certain Massachusetts and New Hampshire railroads without the consent of the proper authorities, and against the law, he contended against their ac- tion in the courts, in the press, and in all legitimate ways. Its success would have placed the whole railroad interest in the lines running through the center of the state and their branches under the control of Massachusetts capital and 260 8ECRETAKV WILLIAM E. CIIANl^LEK. Massachusetts corporations. His legal positions have been sustained by the court, and the custody and control of the roads ordered to be taken and exercised by their rightful owners. The latest honor conferred upon jMr. Chandler was his selection by President Arthur as a member of his cabinet. He was nominated, April 7. 1882, for Sec- retary of the Navy, and confirmed April 12, by a vote of twenty-eight to sixteen ; he qualified and took possession of the office, April 17, 1882. In closing this sketch of a busy and useful life, I must add a few words appre- ciative of the charaeter of one whom as a boy and man I have known for forty years. In his personal habits Mr. Chandler is above reproach, — pure in speech as in action, — with a mind (juick to perceive, prompt to execute, and com})re- Viensive in its scope. He is a man with convictions and the courage to express and maintain them. He has never sought advancement by flattery or pandering to prejudice. Those who know him best have the most faith in his integrity. The best evidence of it is the fact that in twenty-five years of aggressive politi- cal life, while occupying positions of temptation, and criticising freely the action of men who forgot their moral obligations or were shirking their official duties to the detriment of the public good, no one of them has been able to connect him with personal dishonesty, corrupt practice in official life, or political treach- ery or double-dealing. His methods are direct, positive, systematic, exact, and logical. The positions he has held have all come to him in recognition of his at)ility and earnest efibrts in serving the cause he espouses. Mr. Chandler has been twice married, — in 1850, to a daughter of Gov. Joseph A. Gilmore, and in 1874, to a daughter of Hon. John P. Hale. He has three sons, — Joseph Gilmore, born in 18(i(l; William Dwight, in 18G3; and Lloyd Horwitz, in 18(59. Mr. Chandler's father died in 1802. His mother is still living in Concord. He has two brothers, — John K. Chandler, formerly a mer- chant in Boston and the East Indies, now residing on a farm in Canterbury, N. H. ; and George H. Chandler, who was £rst adjutant and afterwards major of the Ninth New Hampshire regiment, and is now a lawyer in Baltimore. Mr. Chandler's father was a Whig, a man of great intelligence and firmness of char- acter. His mother is a WT)man of equally positive traits, and has contributed much to the formation .of the character which has given success to her sons. A/lOyrl^ HON. WILLIAM C. CLARKE. Among the public men of New Hampshire wlio have lately passed away, none was more widely known in the state, or more sincerely respected, than Hon. William Cogswell Cl.\rke, of Manchester. He was born in Atkin- son. N. H., December 10, 1810. being the eldest son of Greenleaf and Julia ( Coaswell) Clarke. His father was a farmer and master-mason, the constructor of many fine businass buildings in the neighboring town of Haverhill, Mass., and a highly esteemed citizen of Atkinson, where he served as selectman and justice of'^the peace. He was descended from Nathaniel Clarke, a merchant of New- bury, Mass., who died in 1690, and from Capt. Edmund Greenleaf, of that place, an officer of repute in the wars of the early colonists with the Indians. The wife of Greenleaf Clarke was a daughter of Dr. William Cogswell, of Atkinson, who was a surgeon in the Revolutionary army, and at one time chief of the 31ilitary Hospital at West Point. William C Clarke pursued his early studies at Atkinson Academy, of which his maternal grandfather was one of the founders, and then entered Dartmouth College, at the age of eighteen years. He was graduated with high honors in the class of 1832, which included Professors Noyes and Sanborn, of Dartmouth, and the late Samuel H. Taylor, LL. D., the noted instructor at Andover, Mass. Im- mediately becoming principal of Gilmanton Academy, he held the position for one year, while beginning the study of law. He continued his legal studies in the Harvard Law School, in the office of Stephen Moody, at Gilmanton, and in that of Stephen C. Ly ford, at Meredith Bridge, now Laconia, N. H. On his admission to the bar, in 18BG, he began practice in the latter town, and on the creation of Belknap county, at the close of IS-tO, he was appointed county solicitor. He held this position until the spring of 1844. when he removed to Manchester, and continued the practice of his profession. Two years later he was one of a committee of seven chosen by the town to petition the legislature for a city charter, and at the first city election, in August, 1846, was the Dem- ocratic candidate for mayor. There being two other candidates, there was no choice, and he withdrew his name before the second ballot, in September. In the same year, however, he consented to act as chief engineer of the fire depart- ment of the young city, and he retained this position till the close of 1848, having a number of leading citizens as his assistants. In 1849 he was elected to the office of city solicitor, which he held for two years, and in 1850 he served as a member of the state constitutional convention. Appointed the judge of probate for Hillsborough county in 1851, he obtained the judicial title which clung to him thereafter. In 1854 he was again the Democratic candidate for mayor, but the 'Whig ticket was successful. A year later Judge Clarke was tendered, by Governor Metcalf, an appointment to the bench of the supreme court, but declined the position. As judge of probate he discharged his duties with high public approval, but his removal from this office, in 1856, was included in the sweeping political changes which began in 262 HON. WILLIAM C. CLARKE. 1855. In 1858 he served as a member of the Manchester Board of Aldermen. Soon after the death of the Hon. John Sullivan, he was appointed, in 1863, to succeed him as attorney-general of the state ; and, receiving a re-appointment in 1868, he continued to till the office until his death in 1872. From the time of his admission to the bar until he became the chief prose- cuting officer of the state, Judge Clarke was actively engaged in private legal practice. He early ac<{uired the reputation of a sound and able lawyer, and obtained an e.xten.sive clientage. As attorney-general he was highly successful in the performance of his duties, to which he devoted himself with conscientious faithfulness. Recognizing the semi-judicial character of his office, he did not allow the zeal of the advocate to outweigh more important considerations, and, in cases where a minor ofiense had been committed for the first time, he fre((uently caused indictments to be suspended, so as to give the culprit both a chance and a stimulus to reform. Hardened or flagrant criminals he pursued with the rigor demanded bv the interests of justice, leaving no stone unturned in his efforts to secure their "conviction. He drew all his indictments with the greatest care, and it is said that no one of the number was ever set aside. He took e(jual pains with the preparation of evidence and of his arguments in all important causes. These cases included a number of murder trials which attracted wide attention when in progress, and which afforded marked proof of his legal skill. His sense of duty being above all other considerations, he was unmoved by all attempts to affect his official course by private appeals or by any species of personal influence. Judo-e Clarke had a marked distaste for ordinary politics and the arts of the politician. On the few occasions when he consented to be a candidate for an elective office he did not seek the nomination, but accepted it at the request of his friends. Firmly believing, however, in the original principles of the Demo- cratic party, he often gave his voice and pen to their support, and was long a prominent member of that party in New Hampshire. When the rebellion broke out he did not hesitate a moment in regard to his political course, but was among the foremost of those who urged all citizens to sink minor party differences and rally to sustain the imperiled government. During this crisis he was active in calling and addressing many public meetings, which pledged aid to the most vig- orous measures for the defense of the Union. At the great war mass-meeting held in Concord, N. H., on the 17th of June, 1863, — which was attended by thirty thousand people, from all parts of the state, and was addressed by men of national eminence, including a member of President Lincoln's cabinet, — Judge Clarke called the assembly to order, and read the call, after which he was chosen the first vice-president. Being dissatisfied with the attitude toward the war assumed by many of the leaders of the Democratic party, he was largely instru- mental in oriianizing the zealous War Democrats of the state into a third, or "Union," party, which nominated a separate ticket for state officers in 1862 and 1863. This organization was not maintained after the latter year, and Judge Clarke thenceforward voted with the Republican party; but, after the early years of the war, he refrained from any active participation in politics, which he regarded as inconsistent with the nature of his duties as attorney-general. He was one of the original directors of the Manchester Bank, serving from 1845 till 1849, and of the City Bank, with which he was connected from 1853 till 1863. He was also a trustee of the Manchester Savings Bank from 1852 until his death. For many years he was a trustee of the Manchester Atheneum, and when this was succeeded by the City Library, in 1854, he was chosen a member and clerk of the board of trustees of the latter institution, retaining both positions during the rest of his life. He was the first treasurer of the Manchester & Lawrence Railroad Company, holding that office from July 31, IIO?r. WILLIAM C. CLAI^KE. 263 1847 till his resignation took effect, February 8, 1849 ; and he was the clerk of that company from February 28, 1854, until he died, being also its attorney when engaged in private legal practice. He was a trustee of Gilmanton Acad- emy, and'^in 1854 was a member of the National Board of Visitors to the United States Military Academy at West Point. ^ , t. , ,• n Jud'^e Clarke was one of the earliest members of the 1^ ranklin-street Con- gregational church in Manchester, and one of the original officers of the society, to both of which he rendered valuable service. Some mention of his personal appearance should not be omitted, as he was a man of unusually distinguished presence, having a large, finely proportioned fitnire, with a handsome, dignified head and face. Without undue formality, his m^anners were invariably courteous and refined. With excellent literary tastes, he possessed much general information, and was very attractive in conversation. Though rigid in his'sense of right and wrong, he was eminently charitable in his views of others, having a broad tolerance of opinions which differed from his own. His disposition was genial, and his kindness of heart unfailing. He was married, in 1834, to Anna Maria Grreeley, only daughter of tke late Stephen L. Greeley, Esq., of Gilmanton, N. H. His wife survives him, with four children, — Stephen Greeley, Anna Norton, Julia Cogswell, and Greenleaf. The death of Judge Clarke occurred at his home in Manchester on April 25, 1872, and was the cause of wide-spread sorrow. At his funeral there was a lar'o-e attendance of prominent citizens from many parts of the state. Resolu- tions of regret and eulogy were adopted by the city bar, the Hillsborough-county bar, the M^anchester Common Council, and various other bodies with which he had been connected. In the resolutions of the common council he was spoken of as " one who, as a former member of the city government, and its legal pubUc adviser, served it with marked fidelity and ability, and who, by his many virtues, had won the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens." His asso- ciates of the Manchester bar declared that " he was a faithful officer, a wise counselor, a respected citizen, and a Christian gentleman. He was courteous in manner, efficient in duty, upright in character, and an ornament to his profes- sion." In the resolutions adopted by the bar of Hillsborough county, and entered upon the records of the supreme court, Judge Clarke was described as " a public officer faithful and upright, discharging his official duties with signal ability ; a lawyer of large experience in his profession, of well balanced judg- ment and discretion, welt read in the principles of the law, and faithful alike to the court and his client ; a citizen patriotic and public-spirited ; in his private relations, a gentleman of unblemished reputation, distinguished for his high- toned character, affable manners, and uniform courtesy ; and illustrating in his public and private life the character of a Christian gentleman, governed by the principles which he was not ashamed to profess." HON. ARCHIBALD HARRIS DUNLAP. BY REV. \V. R. COCHRANK. Mr. Dknlap comes of strong, sturdy, Presbyterian stock and Scotch ances- try, of which he is a characteristic and worthy rejiresentative. Archibald Dunlap came from the Scotch settleuient in Ireland and located in Chester, N. II., in 1740, or a little earlier. He married Martlia Neal, whom he found in Chester. She was of Scotch race, and her father, Joseph Neal, was among the Presbyterians that petitioned the legislature, in 1730, to be freed from paying a second tax to support a Congregation id minister. The third child oi Archibald was Maj. John J)unlap of Ilevolutionary memory. Maj. Jolin was born in (^hester in 174(); married Martha (iilmore; settled in Bedford; was a farmer on a large scale; was a manufacturer of furniture; and acquired a large property. He was a famous military man in his day; and on one occasion enter- tained his entire regiment at his house, at his own expense. One of the inci- dents of the day was the rolling out of a barrel of N^ew England rum and setting- it on end, staving in the head, and the soldiers were allowed to help themselves to their heart's content. John Dunlap, son of Maj. John, went to Antrim when a young man, and built at the North Branch village in that town. He married Jennie, daughter of Dea. Jonathan Nesmith, of Antrim. June 20, 1807. He carried on the cab- inet-making business at the Branch village many years. About the year 1812 he introduced the manufacture of ladies' and gentlemen's knit underclothing, and made looms I'or that purpose ; and it was probably the first thing of the kind (!ver known in this state, and was considered a great curiosity. In 1835, Mr. Dunlap put up a factory in South Antrim, — now known as the "silk-factory." He died December 15, 1869, in ripe old age. Hon. Archibald Harris Dunlap, son of John and Jennie (Nesmith) Dunlap, was born in North Branch village, Antrim, September 2, 1817. He passed through the usual routine of country boys in that day, — hard work the year round, except a few weeks at school in the winter. April 8. 1831, in com- pany with his oldest brother, the late Robert N. Dunlap, of Zanesville, 0., he left Antrim to strike out in the world for himself. With a small bundle of effects in one hand and a pilgrim's staff in the other, these two boys started out in the dim light of the early morning for a journey on foot to Nashua, — nearly thirty-five miles. " Harris," as every one then called him, was only thirteen and one half years old when he thus turned his back upon his pleasant cottage home and faced the battle, come as it might. This shows the stuff he was made of. The Scotch grit and zeal and powers of endurance were manifest in that first journey. Painters and poets have dwelt upon subjects far less worthy of remem- brance than that boy's march of thirty-five miles, inspired only by the determi- nation to succeed in spite of poverty and toil. HON. AKCIIIBALD HARRIS DUN LAP, 265 As the weary liours of the forenoon wore iiway, and they began to feel the • strain upon their physical strength, the boys consulted togetlier as they walked, as to what refreshments they could afford. The arguments of the occasion are not handed down ; but it was decided, considering the low state of the treasury, that a " gfasfi of hrandy apiece woidd do the mmf good for the moneys (The temperance reform had not reached the people then !) So at the next tavern, just above Mont Vernon, they called for the brandy, — which was brought out in one (/loss, — and they divided it as fairly as they could. Then they passed on to Amherst, and taking a little solid refreshment, such as a country store ordina- rily affords, irif/oxif brandy, and spending an hour for rest, then they started on the eleven dreary miles that lay between that place and Nashua. The younger boy said he "thought the last live miles never iroidd come to an end;" l)utthey did end. and Nashua was reached late in the afternoon. I have heard Mr. Dunlap say, that, however many better and wiser boys may have reached that city, certainly a more tired one never did than he! Saturday, April !>, his first day in Nashua in which he was to be so prominent, he spent in looking over the place. On the Sabbath, having been brought up to go to meeting and to the Sabbath-school, he attended Mr. Nott's church, of which he had heard in An- trim. He was turned into a side gallery with a lot of boys ; but the solemnity of years was upon him as he looked on that large, strange audience on his first Sabbath of absence from home. The impression made upon him will never be foro'otten. That day he cast his anchor in with that people, and it has held ever since. The strange country boy that looked and listened with so much feeling that day is now, after fifty years, one of the leading spirits in that church, while nearly all the vast audience he looked upon have passed away ! The poor boy reached the highest place ! He early become a member of the church ; was deacon in the Olive-street church from 1855 till its recent union with the Pearl- street church ; was then chosen deacon in the united or Pilgrim church ; and was chairman of their building committee in the erection of the new and stately edifice of 1881. About that time (1831) "Nashua N'illage"' had begun to attract attention. The Nashua Manufacturing Company and the Indian Head Company were com- pleting cotton-mills. In one of those erected by the latter company. Col. William Boardman was setting up the heavy machinery ; and for him the boy of whom we write went to work for his hoard until he could do better. The colonel gave him 'his dinner, and that was the price of his first half-day's work in Nashua. But that afternoon (Monday, April !<•,) Ziba Gay, Es was the state senator from that district. He was appointed a consul to the province of Quebec by President Lincoln in 1864, was a presidential elector in 1808, and in 1877 was one of the three commission- ers appointed by Gov. Prcscott to build the new state-prison. In all of these positions, his extensive knowledge of jtublic affairs, his tact in dealing with men, and his skill and courage in overcoming opposition have enabled him to acquit himself with great credit, and render those for whom he acted most valuable service. The prison, which is one of the few public buildings, in this country that cost less than the estimates, is a monument to his business capacity and strict integrity. He is a great reader on scientific matters, is interested in books of travel and adventure, especially in those relating to the arctic regions, and gratifies his taste in the collection of a library. Mr. Shaw is a Royal Arch Mason, and takes an interest in the mystic art. He attends the Methodist church, and is a liberal contributor to all that pertains to the success of that society. The worthy poor find in him a sympathizing- friend, always prepared to contribute to their necessities in a most liberal manner. He is good to himself, and true and generous to his friends. Mr. Shaw is fond of hunting and fishing, loves the woods and streams for their own sakes, as well as for the relief and rest they aff"ord him ; amid the busy employments of his life some part of the season is pretty sure to find him " camped " in the wilds of northern New Hampshire or Maine. Mr. Shaw has many ac(juaintances among the prominent men of the day. As a companion he is lively, genial, fond of fun, relishes a joke at the expense of others, and can take one at his own expense with becoming meekness, if it will not be otherwise spoiled. He is at present engaged in caring for the large property interests which have resulted from so long a term of skillful industry and sagacious calculation. COL. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN MARTIN. Benjamin F. Martin, who has . been proniinently identified with the paper-making industry of New England for many years, and is widely known as one of Manchester's wealthy and influential citizens, is the son of a A'ermont farmer.' His parents were Truman and Mary (Noyes) Martin, whose home- stead was at Peacham, where thev resided with their five sons and four daugh- ters. Their son Benjamin Franklin was born July 21, 1813, and passed his youth at home, attending the short district schools, and filling the long vacations with farm work and the few recreations that were then open to farmers' boys. He also had the advantage of some instruction at the Peacham Academy, and when he arrived at the age of eighteen was thought to be sufficiently educated in books to begin a business career, to which he was naturally inclined. He accordingly went to Meredith Bridge, now Laconia, to learn paper-making in a mill owned by an older brother. He spent one year in this mill, and then next served as a journeyman in one at Millbury, Mass., where he acciuired a thorough knowledge of the business. Mr. Martin then formed a partnership with a brother-in-law, the late Thomas Rice, for the manufacture of paper at Newton Lower Falls, Mass., where he remained until 1844, when he removed to Middle- ton, Mass., and purchased a mill there, which he successfully operated for nine years. In 1853 he had arranged to locate in Lawrence, Mass., but the induce- ments off"ered him to go to Manchester were sufficient to change his plans, and he at once commenced the erection of a mill at Amoskeag Falls. This was soon completed, and in it Mr. Martin carried on for twelve years an extensive and profitable business. In 1865 he sold it to Hudson Keeney, but four years later repurchased it, and continued to operate it until 1874, when he sold the estab- lishment to John Hoyt & Co., and retired to enjoy the fruits of his well directed industry and sagacity. The demands of his business have left Mr. Martin little time for office- holding ; but in 1857 and 1858 he represented ward three in the common council, and in^l860 was a member of the board of aldermen. In 1803 and 18G4 he was a member of the state legislature, and also served as a colonel on the staif of Gov. Gilmore. In 1860 he was a delegate to the national convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln. He was elected a director of the Merrimack River Bank when it was organ- ized, in 1854, and was chosen its president in 1859, but resigned the next year. He was one of the first trustees of the Merrimack River Five Cent Savings Bank, and its vice-president in 1800. He was a director of the Manchester Bank under its state charter, and has since held a similar position in the Man- chester National Bank, and is a trustee in the Manchester Savings Bank. He has long been connected with the Portsmouth and Manchester & Lawrence rail- roads as a director, and since 1878 has been president of the Manchester & Lawrence. He is now president of the Manchester Gas Company. 270 COL. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN MARTIN. Col. Martin married. January 3, 1886, Mary Ann Rice, of Boston, a sister of Hon. Alexander H. and Willard Kice, by whom he has had three daughters, Fanny R., the wife of Hon. George B. Chandler, being the only one now living. Mr. Martin is, in the best sense of the term, a successful business man. He is a master of the art of paper-making, which was carried in his mill to a high degree of perfection. His standing in the commercial world is such as only a long and uninterrupted course of honorable dealing and unexceptional prompt- ness in responding to every obligation secures. He was (juick to see the possi- bilities of his business, always ready to improve opi)ortunities, and judicious in the execution of all his plans. In Manchester, he is highly honored and res])ected as a citizen, whose pros- perity contributed to that of. others, and as a man whose integrity is beyond suspicion, and whose private life is above reproach. He has been a great help to the city in which he has acquired most of his wealth, not only in building one of her great factories in which hundreds of men have found steady and profit- able em])loyment, but in giving liberally to her charities and other institutions which have depended upon the generosity of the public, and in discharging all the duties of a public-spirited citizen. He has long been one of the chief sup- porters of the Ei)isc-oi):d church, where he worships, and a willing helper of the Rjpublican party, with which he has always acted. His hom2 is one of the most elegant in Manchester ; and it is thj home of good taste, comfort, happiness, and hospitality. ^"S^Vt^o-E.PermB.TJ*'''^ HON. DEXTER RICHARDS. BY JOSEPH W. PARMELEE. From the twelve immigrants of the name of Richards that originally came from England to this country, at different times, in the years from 1(J30 to 1728, have come, as may be seen by the records of the New England Historic- Grenealogical Society, in Boston, a great number of descendants, who, from the beginning, have borne a royal part in the toils and trials and hardships of our early time, and who are to-day represented in the learned professions, the arts, commerce, and manufactures, and general business of this great country. The sixth of these immigrants, in point of time, was Edward Richards, a passenger in the ship Lion, from London, who landed in Boston, September 16, 1032. His brother, Nathaniel, was also a passenger. Nathaniel afterward joined the party of Rev. Mr. Hooker,^ a memorable expedition, — and with it traversed the then howling wilderness to the valley of the Connecticut, and was among the founders of Hartford. Edward Richards was, for a time, resident at Cambridge, Mass., where he married, September 10, 1638, Susan Hunting. He was afterward one of the sixty-two original proprietors of the town of Dedham, near Boston, where he lived, and died in 1684, and where many of his descendants are to be found at this time. We follow the descent of the line from Edward (1), through John (2), John (3), John (4), Abiathar (5), to Sylvanus in the sixth generation, who, about the beginning of this century, moved, with his family, to Newport, N. H., where he settled on a large tract of land in the western part of the township, on what is known as the old road to Claremont. The place is now (1882) in pos- session of Shepard H. Cutting. Mr. Richards was, for some years, one of the largest land-holders and tax- payers in the town. In connection with his farming business he kept a way-side inn, where rest and refreshment awaited the dusty and chilly traveler, — man and beast. This was nearly three-quarters of a century before the scream of the loco- motive was ever heard in this part of New Hampshire, a time when the people were mostly dependent upon their own resources, in regard to methods of travel and transportation. About the year 1812, Sylvanus Richards moved to Newport Village, and became the proprietor of the "Rising Sun" tavern, a house originally built and occupied as a public house by Gordon Buell, the father of the late Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, of Philadelphia, the accomplished writer and editor of the Ladi/s Book. It was in this house that Dexter Richards was born. Of the four children, all sons, born to S3dvanus and Lucy (Richardson) his wife, was Seth Richards (7), born in Dedham. Mass., February 20. 1792, who grew up to aid him in his business, and ultimately succeeded to the proprietor- ship of the •' Rising Sun." The writer remembers Capt. Seth Richards as a man 272 HON. dextp:r rictiakdr. of great personal activity and tact in business, of irreproaclia})le integrity in all liis transactions with his fellow-men through a long and busy life, genial and benevolent, a downright gentleman of the old school, and in his departure leav- ing a place in the social and busin(!sss affairs of this community exceedingly diffi- cult to fill. He was often called by his fellow-citizens to fill town offices and places of trust and resjioiisihility, and was chosen as a representative to the state legislature in LSI};}. After leaving the hotel he turned his attention to the mercantile business, and was for some time a clerk in the store of Krastus Baldwin, one of the earlier merchants of the town. In 1885, when the Cheneys retired from Newport, he purchased their stock and trade, and the "old stand," and continued the business successfully for many years, or until about the year 1858, when he became inter- ested in the Sugar River flannel-mills. — of which we shall have more to say hereafter, — and finally retired from active life about the year 18(57. Captain Richards married, April 8, 1817, Fanny Richards, of Dedham, Mass., and to them were born, in the years from 1818 to 1884, two sons and six daughters. In regard to the family of Seth and Fanny Richards, we may say that no more pleasant and hos])itable home ever opened its doors in Newport. They died in the faith and communion of the Congregational church. Fanny died Aiigust 11, 1854. Seth died October 80, 1871. Of the children of Seth and Fanny Richards, was Dexter, born September 5, 1818, who is more particularly the subject of this sketch. Tracing his gene- alogy, we find him in the eighth generation from Edward in the line of the American Richardses. To say that Dexter Richards was born with a silver spoon in his mouth would belie the facts in the case ; but to say that he conies through a worthy line of ancestors, and that he inherits their good and noble qualities and best abilities, will meet our case at the threshold. lie has some time said that he never had any childhood or youth, in the common acceptation of the term ; that in his early years his parents were in moderate circumstances, and, being the eldest son of a family mostly daughters, he was called to work, and think of ways and means for pronu)ting their welfare. While other lads of his age were engaged in their sports and {)astimcs, or enjoying public occasions like the old-fashioned trainings and musters, Fourth-of-July celebrations, or town- meetings and court days, he early manifested a natural tact for business, by engaging in some juvenile enterprise by which to turn an honest penny with the crowd. The public school in district number two afforded him an opportunity for learning the rudiments of knowledge, which was eagerly improved, summer and winter, as he could be spared from other duties. When about eighteen years of age he finished his education, so far as schools are concerned, with a term or two at a high school in Lebanon, under the tutelage of the late eminent Prof. Edmund R. Peaslee. Mr. Richards has, therefore, never been through with what is termed a regular course of study, and comes to us with no diploma from college or hall. The most important part of his education has been ac({uived outside the schools, in the great university of active life, and is of the most practical character. Politically, he was reared in the Democratic faith ; but, when the union of the states was assailed, the action of the Democratic party in regard to the great questions of that day not being in accord with his views he withdrew from it, and affiliated with the Republican party, just then commencing its career. The ranks of this great party, that has for more than twenty years dominated in this country, were greatly augmented and strengthened by such acquisitions from the Democratic party ; men who arose in their might, declaring the patriotic HON. DEXTER RICHARDS. 116 sentiment of their old leader and hero, Andrew Jackson, — ''The Union must and shall he preserved." In regard to his public career, Mr. Richards was many times, when quite a young man, elected to serve on the board of selectmen. In the years 1865, 180(i, and 1870, he represented the town in the state legislature. In 1871 and 1872 he was a member, from this district, of the executive council, and about that time a delegate to the Republican national convention at Philadelphia, that nominated General Grant for his second term of the presidency. In 1870 he was a delegate to the convention for revising the constitution of the state ; and, so far as his official course is concerned, from the beginning it has been distin- guished by eminent ability and the strictest integrity. The "spoils," so-called, have never been his object in accepting offices of trust at the hands of his con- stituents. He has found his reward more in the faithful and conscientious per- formailce of his duty. In regard to the business career of Mr. Richards, we may say it has been characterized by great industry and enterprise, on a basis of good judgment, and in a spirit of fair dealing throughout. We have already alluded to his early incli- ation to buy and sell and get gain in a small way, as a boy, and in this respect the child foreshadowed the man. During the years of his minority he was the faithful and efficient coadjutor of his father in all his plans and purposes, and particularly so when Capt. Seth Richards succeeded to the mercantile business at the old Cheney stand, about the year 1835. In the management of this busi- ness the son was a most important factor, and on coming of age became a partner with his ffither. The business was well managed and profitable, and with it came prosperity to the Richards ftimily, and to Dexter Richards the foundation and assurance of future successes in life. About the year 1853, Richards & Son came to be interested in a flannel-mill in Newport, that, possibly, had not hereto- fore been very successfully managed. The history of this concern may be briefly stated as follows : — The Sugar River mills were built in 1847, by Perley S. Coffin and John Puffin-. About the year 1853, Richards k Son ( Dexter) succeeded by purchase to the original interest of John Pufter, then owned by D. J. Goodridge. On the retirement of the senior Richards, in 1867, changes were made by which the entire establishment came into possession of Dexter Richards, Mr. Coffin retiring from the concern with a handsome fortune. In the prosecution of the business up to this time, the parties interested had been singularly favored by circumstances that brought disaster to many other firms and business men throughout our northern towns and cities. We have ref- erence to the great civil war that about this time (18(51-65) so much disturbed the commerce of the country. Of the gray twilled flannels produced by the Sugar River mills, a large stock had accumulated at this time. The goods were well adai)ted to the wants of laborers, and particularly the soldiers in the Union army. The war created a demand ; prices appreciated ; the machinery was kept running night and day ; the flannels found ready sale as fast as they could be produced; and the success of the Sugar River mills was henceforth assured. In the mean time, the establishment had been greatly enlarged and improved, and was turning out about eight hundred thousand yards of flannel yearly. In 1872, Seth Mason Richards, the eldest son of Dexter Richards, a young man just entered upon his majority, was admitted to a partnership with his father. Enlargements and improvements have continued from time to time, and the condition of the establishment at this date (1882) may be stated as follows: Dexter Richards & Son, proprietors; capital stock, $150,000. S. M. Richards, sui)erintendent ; Arthur B. Chase, secretary. It gives steady employment to 274 HON. DEXTER RICHARDS. eighty-five operatives ; runs eight sets of cards, forty-four narrow looms, fifteen spinning-machines ; works up two hundred and eighty thousand pounds of cotton and wool, and turns out annually nearly one million yards of gray twilled flan- nel. The trade-mark (D. 11. P.) of these goods is well known, among dealers and others, throughout the country, and the products of the factory find market and ready sale through commission merchants in Boston, New York, Philadel- phia, and Chicago. Up to the year 1871, the manufacturing and agricultural interests of New- port and the towns adjoining had achieved all the prosperity it was possible for them to attain without railroad facilities to enable them to compete successfully with other places in the enjoyment of such facilities. As early as 1848, the Concord & Claremont Railroad Company had been incorporated, and in 1850 the road had been put in operation to Bradford. From Bradford to Claremont the rugged nature of the route was appalling to engineers and contractors, and par- ticularly so to capitalists who were expected to construct the road. The enter- prise here came to a stand. Further efforts, legislative and otherwise, to continue the work, were made without success, and for tweuty-one years the heavy-laden stages and teams continued to toil on over the weary hills, to and fro. waiting for some able and friendly hand to establish a new ordei- of things, and deliver them. In the meantime, the war of the rebellion, that had absorbed the thought and labor and capital of the country, had come and gone, and "enterprises of great pith and moment,"' that had long slumbered, were again revived, — day dawni'd again upon the Sugar River Railroad. In the year 1866, mainly through the influence of Dexter Richards, then a member of the legislature, and his enterprise as a citizen, the Sugar River Rail- road Company, now known as the Concord & Claremont Railroad Company, was chartered. The means to revive and continue the building of the road through to Claremont were furnished by the Northern Railroad Company, aided by large assessments on the towns on the route of the road. The town of Newport, by official act, became responsible for forty-five thousand dollars, or about five ])er cent on its valuation. In addition to this amount, the further sum of twenty thousand dollars was re({uired to assure the continviance and completion of the work. Of this amount, Mr. Richards became liable for eleven thousand dollars, and other parties interested made up the remaining nine thousand dollars. The assurance of sixty-five thousand dollars from the town of Newport secured the construction of the road through to Claremont beyond a doubt. The road was soon afterward completed, and the first regular train from Bradford to Claremont passed through Newport, September 16, 1872. It was also through the instrumentality of Mr. Ptichards, that in July, 1866, the wires of the Western Union Telegraph Company were extended and in oper- ation to this town. Of the one thousand dollars subscribed by citizens of New- port to secure this great facility of communication, three-fourths of the amount were paid by him. Mr. Richards has identified himself with the friends of education, and Dart- mouth College particularly, by the endowment of a scholarship in that venerable and favorite institution of learning. He has also contributed liberally to the support of Kiml)all Union Academy, at Meriden, of which he is one of the trustees. He is also one of the founders and benefactors of the Orphans' Home, at Franklin, and a trustee of the New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, at Concord, benevolent institutions tliat are an honor to our state. The Congregational church and society, of Newport, of which Mr. Richards has been for many years a member, are greatly indebted to him for their present substantial prosperity. He has identified himself not only with the ample HON. DEXTER KICHARDS. 275 support of the ministry of this time-honored church, its mission work, its chari- ties, local and remote; its Sunday-school, — of which, up to 1878, when he retired from x\\2 position, he had been for more than twenty years the superintendent, — but with the improvements and additions to its buildings and grounds, and the erection of its parsonage. At an expense of some two thousand five hundred dollars, he has placed a large and fine-toned organ in the choir, as a memorial of a beloved daughter (Elizabeth), who died in the year 1868, in the twenty -first year of her age. To complete the list of interests that wait on Mr. Richards for his attention, we find his name as one of the directors of the Eastern Railroad in New Hamp- shire; and, also, one of the directors of the N. H. Fire Insurance Company, at Manchester. He is the president of the First National Bank of Newport. He was also one of the founders and the first president of the Newport Savings Bank, chartered July 1, 1868, and now in successful operation. He married, January 27, 1847, Louisa Frances, daughter of the late Dr. Mason Hatch, a long time highly esteemed physician and citizen of Newport. Of the six children born to them in the years from 1847 to 1867, three only survive: Seth Mason, born June 6, 1850, now a partner with his father in the Sugar River mills establishment, in which he has exhibited superior business (jualities, and bids fair to become a useful and influential citizen of the town and state. Josephine Ellen, born October 30, 1855, a graduate of the Female Semi- nary, at Andover, Mass., and the founder of a scholarship in honor of her ahna mater. During the years 1880 and 1881, Miss Richards, with a party of friends, sought entertainment and culture from an extended tour in Europe, visiting Egypt and Palestine in the course of their trip. William Francis, born January 28, 1867, is now (1882) a student connected with Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. The Richards family have a delightful cottage at Straw's Point, Rye Beach, where an unaffected hospitality, as well as the breath of the sea, await their friends during the summer months. There are several instances in the history of Newport of men who, having ac- <|uired wealth in their dealings with its citizens, have removed to more important places to enjoy the spending and investing of their incomes, without leaving behind them any visible improvement in the way of buildings, or a public good of any kind, — nothing but a memory of their insatiate avarice, followed by un- sparing criticisms. Such a record can never be made of Dexter Richards. With increasing ability in the way of means, he has manifested a corresponding dispo- sition to improve the physical aspect of his native town. He has placed on the street not only his elegant private residence, but houses for rent, and substantial and sightly blocks of buildings for business purposes. He has improved his factory buildings and grounds, built barns, cultivated lands, produced crops, inter- ested himself in improved breeds of cattle and horses, thus giving employment to many working men and hands, and increased the productive industry of the town and its general valuation in many respects, aside from his manufacturing- interest, as indicated by the assessments for taxation. He is by far the largest tax-payer in Newport, and one of the largest in Sullivan county and the state of New Hampshire. He has managed his private aff"airs and the public business, as far as it has been intrusted to his care, with superior ability ; and now in his mature prime of life, should the state require his further service, his past record and present po- sition would afford an abundant guarantee for the able fulfillment of any future or more important trust. HON. DAVID HANSON BUFFUM. David Hanson Bl ffum was born in the town of North Berwick, county of York, and state of Maine, on the tenth day of November, 1820. He was the oldest child and only son of Timothy and Anna (Austin) Buffum. His mother was a native of Dover, — a daughter of Nathaniel Austin. His father — who manufactured furniture and carriages to a limited extent — died when the subject of this notice was but six years of age, leaving also two sisters still younger. Subse((uently his mother was united in marriage with William Hussey, and at her death, fifteen years afterward, two children were left' as the result of this marriage. Still later Mr. Hussey was united in marriage with Mary J. Hanson, and, at his death, in 187(1, two children remained as the result of this union. This presented the rather singular and unusual occurrence, that three children by one marriage and two children by another were half-brothers and half-sisters to two children by a third union, and yet were in no loay related to each other. The care of the fatherless six-years-old boy and of the two little sisters still younger was too much for the very slender resources of the widowed mother. The family was broken up, and the "child David" was taken into the family of his father's brother. The next eleven years of his childhood and boyhood were spent with this uncle. He was a country merchant who "kept everything," as the old-time merchants of fifty years ago all did. The boy was taught to work in the store, "to do the chores," and was sent to the district school as opportu- nity afforded, — which generally consisted of two terms of eight or ten weeks each per year. The Quaker uncle was a kind but sturdy master, and habits of temperance, thrift, untiring energy, steady perseverance, and a love of buying and selling were ingrained into the very bones of the boy. Leaving his uncle when seventeen years old, he made his home with his step-father for two years, during which time he attended two terms at an academy, and taught a country school "to pay his way." At nineteen years of age, in the autumn of 1839, with few dollars and much courage, he commenced as a clerk with two brothers in a general store at Great Falls, in Strafford county, of which place he has since been a citizen. His salary was eight dollars per month and board, for the first six months. At twenty-one he bought out one of his employers, at twenty-three he sold out to the other and erected a brick block which contained three stores, one of which he occupied as a merchant in general merchandise, always keeping abreast of the times, until called to a new business. The legislature of 1846 granted the charter of the Great Falls Bank, the first in the town, and its originators had got together the one hundred thousand dollars of capital stock by such efforts of labor and persuasion as would astonish the railroad builders and bankers of these days. The directors, December 5, 184G, selected Mr. Buffum as its cashier, which position he held until April 20, 1863. On the 5th of August, 1857, he was elected treasurer of the Somers- worth Savings Bank, which position he held for ten years. While he filled these positions, both of which he resigned in order to give his exclusive attention to manufacturing, he had become interested, by way of investments, in real estate, shipping, and manufacturing. HON. DAVID HANSON BUFFUM. 277 In 1857, Mr. Buffum, in company with John H. Burleigh, organized the \ewichawanick Woolen Company at South Berwick, Me, an enterprise at first unprofitable, but which proved to be a financial success. In 18(;2 he organized the Great Falls Woolen Company with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, whicti from fortunate earnings in the next few years, was increased to one hundred thousand dollars; and he has since been treasurer and general manager ot it exceptino- for a period of six years, when he was compelled to withdraw from the active management by reason of impaired health, occasioned by too close applica- tion to business, three years of which time he spent in travel. For twenty years Mr. Buffum has been engaged in the manufacture ot woolen fabrics, gradually extending his operations, until, at this writing, he is owner of a felt-mill at Milton, N. H., a partner in the wool-pulling establishment ot L. K. Ilersom & Co., in Berwick, Me., treasurer and manager of the Great tails Woolen Company, and treasurer and director of the Newichawanick Woolen Company at South Berwick, Me. ; he has also been a director of the Great tails Manufacturing Company since 1877. He has been connected with the Great Falls Bank, both state and national, from its commencement, as cashier, director, and president, which latter position he now holds ; and, with the exception of the first two years, has been connected with the Somersworth Savings Bank as treasurer, trustee, and vice-president. In local affairs, Mr. Buffum has taken an active and leading part. 1 he same nervous, physical energy which made him the first player in the game of ball in his youth aftbrded just the qualities needed in the fire department, in which he was always among "the foremost, and for many years at the head. He was chosen town clerk in^l843-44, moderator in 1848 and 1857, and selectman m 184G and 1871-72. In political affairs, Mr. Buffum has acted with the Whigs and Republicans. In 1861-G2 he was chosen representative to the legislature, serving the first year as a member of the committee on banks, and the second year as chairman of the committee on the reform school. In 1877 he was elected to the senate from district number five, and served as a member of the committees on judiciary, finance, banks, and state institutions. In 1878 he was re-elected to the senate, and chosen its president. He was the last president of the senate of twelve mem- bers. Of the sixty-two presidents of that body, he was the only one from district number five, or from Strafford county as now constituted. In 1880 he was elected as a delegate-at-large to the Republican national convention at Chicago. In his domestic relations, Mr. Buffum was happily connected, and his home reflected the results of a successful business career. He was married, January 26, 1853, to Charlotte E. Stickney, daughter of Alexander H. Stickney, one of the old-time citizens of Great Falls. The issue of this union was three sons and a daughter. The wife and mother died March 8, 1868, and the daughter, May 23, 1877. Two of the sons, Edgar Stickney and Harry Austin, are graduates,^ and the third, David Hanson Jr.^ is now an undergraduate, of Yale College. Of the two little sisters left fatherless with him, one is the widow of the late Hon. John H. Burleigh, of South Berwick, Me., and the other is the wife of Isaac P. Evans, an oil-manufacturer, of Richmond, Ind. The half-brother is Timothy B. Hussey, plow-manufacturer, of North Berwick, Me., and the half-sister has presided over his household since the death of his wife. Mr. Buffum received his youthful impressions and early religious training among the Society of Friends, whose tenets have exercised a marked influence upon his career. At Great Falls he has been a regular attendant at the Congre- gational church, to which he has been a liberal contributor. The many trusts committed to his care fairly prove the esteem and respect in which he has been held by his neighbors and townsmen. HON. CHARLES ADAMS, JR., A. M, UV REV. W. R. COCHRANE. It ap])e!irs from tin- Now Knglancl Historical and (lenealogical Register. Vo]. VJl., and also from Drake's History and Antiquities of Boston, folio edition, 1854, that '• Ap Adam ( the Welsh for Adams) came out of the Marches of Wales." Their descendants appear to have lived for many generations in the English shires of Lancaster, (lloucester, and Devon. From the latter, Henry Adams, the first of this family in America, emigrated, and settled in that part of Braintree which is now Quincy. Mass., al)Out 1(530. He died there in 1040. Twenty-four generations in the male line are given below, the first seventeen of which are copied from the authorities cited above. 1. Sir John Ap And the national constitution so as to prohibit the manufac- ture or sale of distilled spirits in the United States after 1890, a measure which gave him a national reputation, and caused him to be recognized by the temper- ance people of the country as their leader and champion in the national capitol. The woman suffragists have alsct found in him a vigorous and unwearying de- fender ; and his speeches in support of his bill to extend government aid to the common schools of the South are among the most carefully prepared and con- clusive ai-guments on that subject. When the financial policy of the country became a subject of discussion, and many of its strongest minds were carried from their moorings by the (xreenback cyclone. Senator Blair stood sturdily for an honest currency and strict honesty in dealing with the government crculitors, and by his speeches in congress and on the stump contributed in no small degree to the triumph of tht)se ])rinciples and the incidental success of the Republican party. The veteran soldier has always found in him a friend who lost no oppor- tunity to speak and vote for the most liberal pension laws, and who never tired in responding to individual calls for assistance at the department. His other service as a senator has been most conspicuous in his speeches against the Texas Pacific Railroad Subsidies, upon Foreign Markets and Commerce, Election Frauds in the South, the Exodus of Colored People, the .Japanese Indemnity Fund, the Public Laud Bill, and the Commission of Incpiiry into the Liquor Traffic ; his eulogies upon Henry Wilson, Zachariah Chandler, and Evarts W. Farr ; and his reports on numerous subjects which have claimed the attention of his committees. He is rarely absent from his seat, and when present never declines tcj vote. His first term expires March 8, 1885. From this brief sketch it will be seen that Mr. Blair owes his exceptional success in life to no extraneous or accidental aids. His parents were poor, and their untimely death deprived him of their counsel and example. His boyhood was a struggle with poverty, of which his youth was only a continuance. AH he had, he earned. What he became, he made himself. As a man, he has shown great capacity for work and a disposition to do his best in every position. He is always intensely in earnest. He has indomitable perseverance and persistency, and never allows his abilities to rust in idleness. He is an outspoken and aggres- sive but practical reformer ; a radical but sagacious Republican. Though his early advantages were few, he has been a voracious reader and a close student, and does not lack for the help which familiarity w4th books gives. He is an easy writer and a fluent speaker. He is generous to a fault ; and his most prominent weakness is a disposition to magnify his obligations to his friends. Senator Blair married Eliza Nelson, the daughter of a Methodist clergyman, of Groton, and has one son, — Henry Patterson Blair, — aged fourteen years. RUFUS A. MAXFIELD. BY J. P. RuFUS A. Maxfield was born in Nashua, N. H., on the fifth clay of March, 1835. His father, Stephen C. Maxfield, was a native of Newbury, Vt., was mar- ried to Clarissa Staples, a native of Chichester, N. H., at Nashua N. H., when the now populous city was but a small village. There were ten children born to them. Four died quite young ; six are now living, viz. : the subject of this sketch ; James G. Maxfield, M. D., surgeon at the National Home for disabled volunteer soldiers at Togus, Me. ; J. P. Maxfield, treasurer of the Hiscox File Manufac- turing Company, at West Chelmsford, Mass., who resides in Lowell, Mass.; Stephen W. Maxfield, a mechanic, now living in Nashua ; Susan T. and Helen A. ; the former married and resides in Wolfeborough, N. H., the latter in Low- ell, Mass.. with the widowed mother, who is still living at the ripe age of seventy years. Stephen C, the father, was employed for seventeen years by the Nashua Manufacturing Company, and was a faithful servant to his employers. He early became identified with the Methodist denomination, and was among the most zealous workers in building up the two societies in those early days. He died in Lowell, Mass., August 10, 18G2, having lived a consistent Christian life, at the age of fifty-three years. When"Rufus was eight years old he was employed in the carding department of the Nashua company's mills during his school vacations. It was here that he was first taught the rudiments of cotton-manufacture. For awhile he worked as back boy in the mule-spinning department. In 18-4G the family removed to Lowell, Mass. After attending school here for a short time he again went into the mill in the carding department on the Lawrence corporation. From here he was transferred to the mule-spinning department. In 1853 he left the mill tem- porarily to attend school at Northfield, N. H., where he remained two years, when he returned to the mill and to his mule-spinning. He passed through the vari- ous grades until he reached the position of second overseer. He was married on the 10th of May, 185G, to Mary A. Spaulding, daughter of Joshua Spaulding, of Pepperell. Mass. Soon after the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, the mills of Lowell suspended operations, and thousands were thrown out of employment, Mr. Max- field among the rest. In 1863 he entered the employ of the Naumkeag Mill, at Salem, Mass., as second overseer under Charles D. McDuffie, Esq., who had charge of all the spinning in these mills. Mr. McDuffie is now agent of the Manchester Mills, Manchester, N. H. Mr. Maxfield remained in the employ of the Naumkeag Mill until the close of the war, when, the corporations in Lowell resuming operations, he was tendered the position of overseer of the mule-spin- ning in the hosiery-mill of the Lawrence Manufacturing Company, who were then starting. Here he remained until the spring of 1866, when he took charge of the mule-spinning in number five mill, then the largest mill owned by the 290 RUFUS A. MAXFIELD. Lawrence company. During the latter part of 1868 he had charge of all the spinning in this mill. In 18(1!) he was appointed superintendent of Ida Hill Mill, Troy, N. Y. Under adverse circumstances, with a mill cramped for power, and with old ma- chinery very much out of repair, he was very successful, earning satisfactory profits for the owners. In the year 1872, the management of the Tremont and Suffolk Mills in Lowell, Mass., offered him the position of superintendent of their large mills, where, under Thomas S. Shaw, Escp, agent, he remained until 1875. During his connection with this company, the quality of the Canton flannels, which are a " specialty " with these millsj was brought up to a standard that made them rank among the first in the market, commanding ready sales and good prices. The directors of the Nashua Manufacturing Company, on the death of Oliver Hussey, Esq., in January, 1875, i-ealizing the qualifications of Mr. Maxfield for such a position, appointed him agent of their large mills in Nashua, N. H. During Mr. Maxfield's administration to the present time, there have been ex- tensive alterations and improvements in the direction of economy of manufacture and increased production, so that the reputation of the company that owned the model mills of New England has been maintained. Thus we find the boy who at eight years of age took his first lesson in cotton-manufacture, returning, after the lapse of thirty-two years, to the same mills as agent. Little did the youth dream what thirty-two years would bring to pass in his career. Socially Mr. Maxfield is a very agreeable gentleman ; and, while he has devoted his energies during all these years to his chosen calling, he has found time to con- nect himself by social ties to beneficiary organizations, thus lending his influence to the great work in which they are engaged. He was prominent for many years in the management of the affairs of Mechanics Lodge of Odd Fellows of Lowell, Mass., passing through the various positions until now he is one of the " Past Grands " of this lodge. He is also a member of Pentucket Lodge of Masons, Royal Arch Chapter, Ahasuerus Council, and Pilgrim Commandry of that city. He is a regular attendant of the Methodist church, and is respected by the people of Nashua for his upright and honorable course of life. He is prompt to decide questions that come before him ; but his decisions, though firm, are tempered with that affability of manner which relieves them of much of the harshness that many men manifest. . May he be spared many years to pursue his favorite calling ; and may the day be far distant when the Nashua Manufacturing- Company shall lose his services, or the city of Nashua lose so worthy a citizen. GEORGE BURLEY SPALDING, D. D. BY REV. A. H. QUINT, 1). D. George Burley Spalding, the present pastor of the First church in Dover, was born in Montpelier, Vt, Aug'ust 11, 1835, son of Dr. James and EUza (Reed) Spalding. The line of A)uerican descent on the paternal side was as follows: Edward, of Chelmsford, Mass., immigrant ; Benjamin, whose will was proved April 5, 1670 ; Edward, of Canterbtiry, Conn. ; Ephraim, of Connecti- cut ; Reuben, of Connecticut ; Reuben, who married Jerusha Carpenter, and lived in Sharon, Vt. ; Dr. James ; and Rev. Gleorge Burley. Deacon Reuben Spalding, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was one of the early settlers of Vermont, whose life was not more remarkable for his toils, privations, and energy as a pioneer in a new country, than for his unbending Christian integrity. He entered Sharon in 1769, and lived on the same farm eighty years. He was a member of the church sixty-one years, and deacon forty- two years. He was distinguished for " the best qualities of the old. New P]ng- land Puritanism." Dr. James Spalding was the third of twelve children, and for many years a successful practitioner of medicine in Montpelier, Vt., but especially eminent in surgery. He graduated at the Dartmouth Medical School at the age of twenty years. He was more than forty years a member of the Vermont Medical Society ; its secretary over twenty years, its president in 1866, 1867, and 1868. "His life," says a printed sketch, " was that of the good Samaritan, a life of toil, prayer, and sympathy for others." By the line of Reed, tlie family is of the same blood with Rev. Dr. Gardiner Spring and Rev. Dr. Edwards A. Park. The grandmother of Dr. George B. Spalding, and the grandfather of the late Senator Matthew H. Carpenter, were sister and brother. George Burley Spalding was the seventh of nine children. He fitted for college at the Washington County Academy, Montpelier, and graduated at the University of Vermont in 1856, being twenty -one years of age. He read law one year in Montpelier, with Hon. Charles W. Willard, and then went to Talla- hassee, Fla., where he read law another year with Judge W. C. M. Davis. While in the South, he was a regular correspondent of the Neio York Courier and Enquirer, of which his brother, James Reed Spalding, was one of the editors. As such he attended the noted Southern commercial convention in Sa- vannah, in 1858, where Yancey, Rhett, Barnwell, and DeBow poured out their hot invective. In the following year he mingled with the great southern leaders, on the eve of the great events which were soon to burst upon the country. Doubt- less in his law study and in his intercourse with men in different phases of society, he acquired that practical acquaintance with human nature which makes available his instinctive and common-sense power of meeting all classes of men. 292 GEORGE BURLEY SPALDING, D. D. Flattering off(!rs were made him by Judge Davis to remain and enter into practi(!e with that eminent lawyer, at a large assured income. But Mr. Spalding had already changed his purpose for life. He returned North, abandoned the law, and began the study of theology in the Union Theological Seminary in New York city in 1858. Here he remained two years. Here, also, he did regular editorial work on the New York World, of which his brother was founder, and subsequently wrote for the columns of the New Yorh Times. This expe- rience enabled him, later, to write, for five years, a large portion of the editorial leaders of the Watchman (ind Reflector. While in Union Seminary, his spirit of independence and industry was so strong that he supported himself entirely by his literary work. Leaving New York, he entered Andover Theological Semi- nary, where, after one year's study, he graduated in 18()1. On the 5th of October of that year he was ordained pastor of the Congregational church in Vergennes, Vt., a position to which he had, in fact, b(X^n called before his graduation, as well as to another field. He resigned his successful pastorate at Vergennes, August 1, 1864, to accept a call to the Park church, Hartford, Conn., formerly Dr. Bushnell's, where he was installed Se})tember 28. He resigned that charge, and was dismissed IMarch 23, 18()1), and was installed |)ast(n- of the First church in Dover, September 1, following. This church is the second in point of age in this state, being organized in December, 1(588, and preceded by Hampton only. The old Exeter First church itself later, became extinct in 1642, and the present First church of Exeter dates from 1698 only. The Dover First j)ar(',sA dates from October, 1633, and is un- questionably the oldest in New Hampshire. A long line of able men has been on the roll of the pastors of that venerable church. Under none has it been so strong and so influential as under Dr. Spalding. Its numbers have largely in- creased ; its pews are at a constant premium ; its pew-occupants number men of the highest distinction in the state. Three years since, the whole of the hand- some church edifice was refitted at an expense of over twelve thousand dollars, besides the amount necessary to purchase the pew property, and no debt remains. An elegant and commodious parsonage has also been purchased and paid for. Without disparagement to others, it is safe to say that public opinion accords to Mr. Spalding a foremost place among the ministers of New Hampshire. Certainly no pastor of the ancient First church ever had a greater public respect or a deeper personal aftection. His administration of a strong and thinking society goes on without even a ripple. He has been frequently called to attend distant councils, some of great and even national interest, and some where delicate ques- tions required the wisest consideration ; and in all cases his calm and deliberate judgment has had an influence inferior to none. One of these was the great Brooklyn Council, of national interest, in 1876. In his preaching, one has to study him to get the secret of his influence. There is nothing in it to startle. There is no dramatic exhibition. It is the far- thest possible from the sensational. There are never any protruding logical bones. He never indulges in any prettinesses of diction. But a critical analysis (the last thing one thinks of in listening to him) reveals the elements of his power. His themes are always elevated themes. One sees the most earnest convictions held in perfect independence and honesty ; a natural development of thought in an always fresh and orderly way ; a diction as clear as a pellucid brook ; illustra- tions drawn from wide observation, always simple and frequently beautiful ; a genial, sometimes intense, glow pervading his whole discourse ; and a dignified but simple manliness throughout. Fully six feet in height, and with liberally de- veloped physique, he impresses one at first mainly with the idea of manly streno-th. But it takes no "reat time to see that commanding intellectual abili- GEORGE BURLEY SPALDING, 1). D. 293 ties arc fully parallel with his ph3*si((ue ; and those who hear him, and especially those who know him, find an equal development of a generous nature which in- clines always to sympathy, and with which he answers, in public and private, to every appeal to his helpful power. In doctrine he is understood to hold the main tenets of what is called old theology, but as forces rather than dogmas, and liberally instead of severely applied. Mr. Spalding's literary work has been extensive, but mainly upon current newspaper periodicals. This has given him, of course, a valuable directness and clearness of expression. A few sermons and other productions have been pub- lished : A sermon on God's Presence and Purpose in the War, November 26 1S63 ; a discourse commemorative of Gen. Samuel P. Strong, February 28, 1864 a discourse on the 25(>th anniversary of the settlement of Dover, May 18, 1873 a discourse commemorative of the character and career of Hon. John P. Hale, November 27, 1873, which the poet Whittier characterized in the highest terms, — a fine specimen of judicious analysis, in which he does justice to the pioneer of the anti-slavery cause in the United States senate, — a justice now lately apparently purposely ignored out of a desire to magnify a brilliant but later laborer. The Relation of the Church to Children, November 6, 1873. The Dover Pulpit in the Revolution, July 9, 1876, — for which he searched and well iised the man- uscript of his eminent ^predecessor. Dr. Jeremy Relknap. The fiftieth anniver- sary of the organization of the Conference of Churches of Strafl["ord county, June 18, 1878. The Idea and Necessity of Normal-School Training, December 26, 1878. Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Normal School, June, 1879. Memorial on the Death of Garfield, September, 1881. Historical discourse on the one-hundredth anniversary of the Piscataqua Association, October 26, 1881. On the death of Wells Waldron, November 13, 1881. On the death of John Riley Varney, May 5, 1882. In addition, however, to his other work, he has been, and is, the editor of the Neir Hamjjshire Journal, a successful weekly in the interest of the Congre- gational churches, from which some of his keen editorials have met with favor throughoixt the country. Mr. Spalding was a member of the constitutional convention of New Hamp- shire which met January 8, 1877. He represented Dover in the New Hampshire house of representatives in 1877. He is also a trustee of the state normal school, by appointment of the governor and council, his first appointment, for two years, being made in 1876, and his chairmanship of that board commencing soon after and now continuing. He became a member of the school committee of Dover in 1875, and still continues, having been its chairman from 1876. He was chosen trustee and one of the executive committee of the New Hampshire Missionary Society in 1873; and still retains each position. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Dartmouth College in 1878. Dr. Spalding married Sarah Livingston, daughter of Rev. Dr. John W, Olmstead, manager and editor of the W((fchiiia}i and Rejiector; her mother, Mary, was daughter of Richard Montgomery Livingston, a lawyer of Saratoga, N. Y. Their children are Mary Livingston, Martha Reed, Catherine Olm- stead (who died August 29, 1881, aged fourteen), Gertrude Parker, and George Brown. JAMES F. BRIGGS. HV irKNRY M. IMTNKV. John and Nancy (Franklin) Brigg.s were of that class of working English- men who had the courage to flee from hard surroundings which no strength could overcome, and seek in a new world, among strangers, a chance to improve their condition. They were factory operatives at Bury, Lancashire county, England, where their son .James F. was born, October 2:^, 1827. When he was fourteen months old they took passage on an emigrant ship for America, and after a rough voyage of more than seven weeks landed in Bcston, March 4, 1829. Going- direct to Andover, Mass., the father found employment in a woolen-factory there. From that place he removed to Saugus, where he worked a short time, and from thence to Amesbury, which was the family home until 188(5. In the fall of that year the father, in company with two brothers, bought a small woolen-fac- tory at Holderness, now Ashland. N. H., and, having established his home near by, commenced business on his own account, in manufacturing woolen cloths. But few operatives were needed to run this mill, and they were mainly the three proprietors and their children, among whom was the boy James, then a lad nine years old, who had begun to <3arn his living in a factory before the removal from Massachusetts, the family circumstances being such that all had to contribute to its support as soon as they were able. He was continuously employed in the mill for the next five years ; but during this time he had learned enough of books to make him ambitious to know more; and, as the affairs of the family were fairly prosperous, at the age of fourteen he was sent to the academy at Newbury, Yt., and afterwards to the one at Tilton. Being an expert operative, able to take the wool from the fleece and convert it into cloth, by working in the factory a })art of each year he earned the money to pay his expenses at these institu- tions one or more terms every year until 1848, when he arranged to commence the study of law with Hon. William C. Thompson, at Plymouth ; but in Feb- ruary of that year his father died leaving a family of eight children, six of whom were younger than James, in destitute circumstances. This affliction, which threw the care of the family largely upon the young man, compelled him to change somewhat his plans ; but he did not for a moment lose sight of the object he had in view, and, as he could not enter the law office at Plymouth, he l)orrowed books from it and pursued his studies during such time as he could get at home, for a year, when he entered the office of Hon. Joseph Burrows, then a practicing lawyer at Holderness. In 1849 the family removed to Fisherville, in order that the younger children might obtain employment in the factory there, and he completed his studies in the office of Judge Butler, from which he was admitted to the bar in 1851. A few months later he commenced the practice of law at Hillsborough Bridge, whither he went a perfect stranger, without money or reputation. But he had ability and energy, was willing to work, knew how to live within a small income ^w^'^ ^rCujiu v^o o~-^ JAMES F. BRTGGS. 295 until he could make it larger, and little by little he gained clients and friends, who gave him a lucrative practice, accepted his counsel, followed his leadership, and established his reputation as the most popular and influential man of the town. In 1856, 1857, and 1858, he was sent by a nearly unanimous vote to represent Hillsborough in the legislature, where he was at once accorded a promi- nent position as a member of the judiciary committee, and the third year was honored by the nomination of his party for the speakership. At this time he acted with the Democratic party, and continued to do so until the war of the rebellion, when he felt that all loyal men should unite to save the Union and maintain the national authority, and, having been nominated by the Democracy of his district for councilor upon a platform which enunciated peace-at-any-price doctrines, to which he could not assent, he declined the nomination, and from that day has been an ardent, active, and enthusiastic Republican. While the Eleventh Regiment was being recruited, he tendered his services tti the governor of the state and was appointed quartermaster on the stafi" of Col. Harriman. In this capacity he served through the battles of Fredericksburg, the military operations in Kentucky, and the Mississippi-river expeditions which resulted in the capture of Vicksburg and Jackson, for about a year, when he was prostrated by the malaria of the southern swamps, and compelled to resign and return to his home in Hillsborough. During his absence in the field, and the illness which succeeded his return, his legal business had become somewhat demoralized, and on the recovery of his health he concluded to start anew in a wider field of action in Manchester, to which city he removed in 1871, forming a partnership with Hon. Henry H. Huse, which still exists. Manchester gave him a cordial welcome. Her mill operatives and other mechanics greeted him as an honored graduate of their school, who in his after triumphs had never forgotten the hard road by which he had journeyed to success ; her lawyers and clients were already well acquainted with his pro- fessional abilities ; her soldiers recognized him as an old companion in arms, and her politicians as an earnest Republican who could and would be a tower of strength in every campaign. Under these circumstances he did not have to wait for business or political preferment. Soon after opening his office he was ap- pointed city solicitor, and in 187-4 he was elected to the legislature from ward three. Two years later he was chosen senator from the Manchester district, and in the same year was sent to the constitutional convention. In all these positions he won reputation and friends to such an extent that in 1877 he was nominated for congress without substantial opposition, and elected by a large majority. At the exjjiration of his first term he was unanimously renomi- nated, and after an exciting campaign was re-elected by a majority of eight hun- dred and forty-nine over the combined Democratic and Greenback vote. Two years afterwards it became a question whether he should be returned. The tra- ditions and prejudices of the district were strongly against a third term. Four other able and deserving men were ambitious to succeed him. and he declined to push for the nomination, but accepted a call to take the stump in Maine, leaving it for his friends to determine whether his name should be used in the convention. To one of these, who wrote him that he ought to return from Maine and attend to his canvass, he replied: " I am assured that I can be of considerable service here, and, as it is of vastly more importance that the cause shall triumph in this state next Monday than that I shall be renominated, I must remain and trust to you and others to decide whether it is best to send me back to Washington. Whatever that decision may be, I shall be satisfied." The convention met just after the disastrous defeat of the party in Maine, and when it appeared that there was only a desperate chance for its nominee to be elected. It decided that if any 296 JAMES F. BIIIGGS. man could .succeed he could, and a few days after he took the stump. Manches- ter, which was counted a dctubtful city when the convention assembled, gave him more than eight hundred majority, and the rest of the district swelled this to fourteen hundred and eighty. In congress, Mr. Briggs has been from the first a faithful, hard-working member, always in his seat, tireless in serving his constituents, especially the vet- eran soldiers, and conscientiously devoted to the discharge of all his duties. In the forty-fifth congress he was a member of the committee on Patents ; in the forty-sixth, of the committee on Naval Affairs ; and in the present, the forty- seventh, is chairman of the committee on Expenditures in the War Department, and a member of the Judiciary and Reform in the Civil Service. No luembcr of the house commands a more perfect confidence in his associates, and few, if any, are able to accomjilish so much. He succeeds at Washington as he did at home, by quiet, patient, persistent work, and is satisfied with results rather than with brilliant outbursts and noisy exhibitions of his rhetorical powers. Mr. Briggs married Roxana Smith, the daughter of Obadiah and Eliza M. Smith, of New Hampton, and has had three children, all of whom are living. The oldest, a son, was educated at West Point, and served four years in the army, when he resigned, and is now engaged in the manufacturing business in Trenton, N. J. Two daughters reside with their parents in INIaiichester. In concluding this brief sketch, written without the knowledge of its subject, the author feels that it will fail to satisfy those who have known Mr. Briggs intimately without some direct reference to the qualities which characterize him in all positions in life. Prominent among these are his j)erfect fidelity, industry, steady courage, and thoroughness. It is natural for him to be true, impossible for him to be false. He is ambitious, and few prize more highly the honors they win ; but he is incapable of the duplicity, demagogy, and all the cheap artifices by which some men succeed. His faithfulness to his convictions does not count cost or query about conse((uences to himself. He is as stanch and true a friend as ever lived, and he never cheats those whom he dislikes or despises. His generosity and devotion to his family are far-reaching and untiring. He is a public-spirited citizen, a kind neighbor, and a pleasant companion. He is always approachable, patient, and considerate. In every cause in which he enlists he is a hard worker and a free giver. He knows how to wait, and how to look beyond temporary reverses to the complete triumph which he always believes wdll crown and estab- lish the right. He never frets, and never rests until the result is secure. His private life is without a stain, and the fierce light of the hottest campaign has disclosed no shadow of a blot upon his public record. His sympathies are with the people, and his head and hands are controlled by his heart. These qualities have made James F. Briggs what he is. They have supplied the place of early advantages, influential friends, and fortune. They have carried him from the woolen-mill; working for a few cents a day, to the national house of representa- tives, commissioned to speak and act for the largest and richest district in New Hampshire. They have made him strong at the bar, popular at the polls, and influential in congress. it^ NATHANIEL WENTWORTH CUMNER. BY J. W. FELLOAVS. The ancestors of the Ciimner family were of English origin. The name is first discovered in the period following the supremacy of the Norman rule, — the return from the dynasty of the Conqueror to the ascendency of the English- Saxon line. It was first spelled Comnor, and later Cumnor, meaning "hospi- tality to strangers, " or a " place of hospitality," and comes through the Saxon branch. To this period may be referred the formation of many English family names, — often derived from some unimportant circumstance, or suggested by personal characteristics. These became marks of distinction, new titles to man- hood, and were proudly bequeathed by father to son, — " inherited sur-names." During the century following the loss of Normandy, the Anglo-Saxon, as a written language, having been banished from courts and superseded in all legal papers by the Latin, became dearer to the common people as a spoken language, preserving their cherished objects and transmitting leading sentiments. It in- creased its power and volume by building new terms and means of expression, and particularly by multiplying its patronymics. In a comparatively short space of time the language had become vernacular, and fairly entitled to be styled English, rich in the idioms and proper names of its own creation and out-growth. " The history of words," says Trench, " is the history of ideas, ' and he might have said of people and nations. They are not only the " vehicle of thought," but they tell anew the story of their times and enrich the great body of history with countless incidents of value and importance. In studying their genealogy, the English-speaking people find the starting-point of many an illu.>-- trious name in the peculiar circumstances of those medieval times, — the natural product of the mingling of different tongues, and the constant struggle between feudalism and servitude. The famous old manor-house, Cumnor Castle, so celebrated in romance, once enjoyed the rent-fee and service of a large body of retainers, and carried for many a year, by reason of its feudal allotments, a numerous vassalage. Its walls have long since fallen into shapeless ruins, but the lands of its tenantry now embrace the beautiful village of Cumner. The fiimilies bearing this name have not been numerous in England, but have maintained their lineage with remark- able directness. The earliest trace of these people shows that they belonged to the industrial classes, — the guilds-people, who in the latter part of the seventeenth century had attained such prominence as to nearly control the business interests of the great metropolis, and to whom the Lord Mayor of London was pleased to say on a memorable occasion, '■ While our gracious nobility are the leaf and flower of the kingdom, ye are the sturdy trunk and branches." The subject of this sketch belongs to the third generation in America. His grandfather Robert Francis Cumner came to this country when about fifteen years of age, under circumstances of a very interesting character. In June, 20 298 NATHANIEL WENTWORTH CUMNER. 1774, while walkinii- in the streets of London, he was seized by a " gang of press- men " from the ship Somerset, sent out to recruit liis Majesty's marine. He was carried directly on board, forced to become one of the crew, and do the duty of a common sailor. He was not allowed the })rivilege of communicating with his friends, and no tidings from him or knowledge of his situation were received during the long cruise of the Somerset in distant waters, until she appeared in Boston harbor and took i)art in the battle of Bunker Hill. Her position and the service she rendered the British troops on that memorable day are well known in history. From her decks came the first fatal shot, and under the fire of her guns the broken and retreating ranks of royalists found protection. The scenes of that bloody struggle made a deep impression upon the mind of young Cuniner, and fixi'd his determination to take no part in the work of subjugation. Circumstances fortunately soon favored his .settled purpose. The Somerset not long after the battle " got aground,' probably somewhere in the lower part of Massachusetts bay. l)uring their efforts to get afloat, some of the crew went ashore, among them the Cumner boy, who immediately availed himself of the opportunity to escape from his unwilling service. While following the highway into which he first came, near the shore where lay the stranded Somer- set he was overtaken by a Quaker on horseback, who, learning his situation and purpose to obtain his freedom from the " British yoke," invited our young hero to "get up behind," and, throwing his gray cloak over the lad, soon carried him beyond the king's power. He settled in Wareham, 3Iass., learned the tailor's trade and began the })er- manent business of his life. October 20, 1785, he married Miss Sylvia Sturte- vant, whose family cormections were very worthy and highly respected. Her father was a soldier in the war of the Kevolution. and fell on the battle-field fighting for independence. The Sturtevant people have received honorable men- tion in the annals of history, and their name is written among those who deserve well of their country. Not long after his marriage he moved to Sandwich, Mass., from that place to Wayne, in the state of Maine, where he resided during the remainder of his life. He was successful in business and became a prominent and highly respected citizen. He was a man of modest and retiring habits and exemplary character, but of indomitable will and inflexil)le adherence to what he believed to be right. If his life were the subject of our sketch, we could fill it with incidents showing his remarkable tenacity of purpose. Robert Francis and Sylvia Cumner had two children, — John, born January 10, 1788, and Polly, a few years younger. He died February 5, 1825, and his wife. March 26. 1826, and their remains were interred in the Evergreen cemetery in Wayne. John Cumner was but a few months old when the family moved from Sand- wich, Mass., to Wayne. He was of a sanguine active nature and earl}" evinced the character of a sincere and zealous worker in religious matters. He obtained a fair education, and although to a certain extent compelled to work on the farm and devote himself to that kind of employment, his thoughts ran upon matters more congenial to his nature. When about eighteen years of age he was em- ployed by Gen. Landsell to take charge of his farm in Bridgewater, Mass., where he remained several summer seasons. During this time he became acquainted with Miss Hannah Thomas Bartlett, of Bridgewater, whom he married July 11, 1813. He settled in Wayne, upon the farm which became the homestead, and was so occupied by the family during his many years of labor and life in the ministry. He was associated with the society of the Methodist Episcopal church, and interested in the aflairs of that denomination, at the early age of nineteen years, and soon after appointed a class leader and licensed to preach. His labors were NATHANIEL WENTWORTH CUMNER. 299 attended with marked success, and at the annual meeting of the general confer- ence for Maine, in 183o, he was admitted to membership and received his first appointment. He continued in the active ministry until 1852. when failing health obliged him to cease labor; but his love for the church and his zeal in the cause of its established creeds continued unabated during his remaining years. He died February 5, 1861, closing a life of industry and devotion, in which he had accom- plished more good than usually falls to the lot of man. His wife died December 5, 1852. She was very beautiful when young, and was much beloved and admired by her wide circle of friends. Possessed of an earnest and devotional nature, she entered with ardent sympathy into the plans and labors of her husband ; faith- fully bearing her share of life's varied duties. — firmly in the hour of trial, and with amiable companionship when prosperity filled the measure of their ambition. They had eleven children, two of whom died in infancy. Three others have deceased, — Maryetta in 1871, and Francis and James in 1881. The remaining members of the famih' are Cathamander, William B.. John T., Nathaniel W., Charles W., and Benjamin G. Cumner. Nathaniel AVentworth, the youngest but two of the children of John and Hannah T. Cumner, was born at Wayne, November 28, 1829. His early life was devoted to obtaining an education in the vicinity of his home, passing from the district to the private school in the town of Wayne, and to other schools and seminaries in the circuit where his father's appointments were made. During some portion of the season, for a few j^ears he assisted the older brothers in culti- vating the homestead farm, but at the age of sixteen he went to Wilton, Me., and engaged in learning the tailor's trade. He remained there about three years ; then went to Waltham, Mass., staying there about one year and a half; then to Lowell, Mass., where he remained until 1851, when he came to Manchester, N. H., and entered the employ of B. F. Manning, then doing business in the store occu- pied in later years by the firm of Cumner & Conijiany. In Januar}", 1854, Mr. Cumner became a partner in the busine.ss of mer- chant tailors and clothiers, the firm name being Manning & Cumner. This ar- rangement continued until August, 1857. Mr. Cumner then withdrew and went to Washington, D. C, as a member of the firm of F. Tenney & Co., proprietors of the National Hotel. In August, 1859, he returned to Manchester and pur- chased the stock and "good will'" of the Manning store, and entered at once into business, in which he continued as the sole proprietor until 18G5, when his brother Benjamin Gr. Cumner became associated with him. forming the copartner- ship of Cumner c^' Company. At this time Mr. Cumner became also a member of the well known wholesale house of Sibley, Cumner, A: Co., in Boston, having purchased an interest in the old house of Foster & Sibley, and devoted his atten- tion largely to the wholesale trade. In 1868, Lyman E. Sibley retired and Mr. Cunmer became the senior member, the name of the firm remaining the same. In the great fire of November 9, 1872, their establishment was among the first to be burned, and the firm suifered a total loss of th^ir immense stock ; but their credit was so strong, and their energy and ability so wddely recognized, that their business received no check, and the transactions of the house proceeded even upon a more extensive scale than before. In 1879 the firm became Cunmer, Jones, & Co., which is the present style of the business. In 1881 he sold his interest in the business of Cumner & Co. in Manchester, which had en- joyed unvarying success and great prosperity from the beginning; and from that time devoted himself entirely to the Boston house. The business had so largely increased that it became necessary to give it his constant personal attention. The reputation of Cumner, Jones, ct Co.. in commercial circles, has become widely known, and its remarkable success an acknowledged fact. 300 NATHANIEL AVENTWORTH CUMNEK. Mr. Cumner lias been eminently successful as a business man. Possessing in a larije de";ree self-reliance and confidence in his own iudoment, he selected an honorable callint;' and devoted himself to its duties and demands. He believed that industry and perseverance, with well matured plans, were certain to produce the most desirable results. He knew the energy and fidi'lity of his own character, and trusted to the safety of sound principle ; and he has proved that his plans were wisely laid and his ways well chosen. At a comparatively early age he has accpiired a competence, and in his position of senior member of one of the soundest and most prosperous, and at the same time conservative, wholesale houses in New England, his influence is always in favor of that healthy and reliable condition of trade which establishes public confidence and guarantees .general prosperity. And not only in connection with his partnership associations is Mr. Cunmer known as a business man. In the circles where the leading merchants and im- porters of our New England metropolis are accustomed to meet and discuss the laws of trade and canvass the prospects of the future, his judgment is greatly respected, and the intelligence and foresight with which he is able to advise are highly regarded. He bears an unblemished reputation as a man of honor and fairness, in all ways commanding universal respect and esteem, — a gentleman in the true significance of the term. In the wide range of personal distinction, among all the marks of honor and renown which the world aifords, the title of a true gentleman stands first, and he who bears it worthily need envy neither prince nor potentate. As a citizen, Mr. Cumner has taken an earnest and unvarying interest in public aff'airs. Politically, his associations have been with the Democratic party ; but his views have been conservative, looking to the real purposes of the gov- ernment rather than the aims and desires of party politicians. While residing in Manchester he held important offices in the municipal government, was a faithful public servant, working zealously to promote the general interests and the com- mon good of his constituents, of whom he deserved well. Mr. Cumner became a member of the celebrated military organization, the Amoskeag Veterans, in the days of its origin, and has continued to do active duty through the entire term of its existence. He held the office of captain in 1870. and commander of the battalion, with the rank of major, in 1879 and 1880. During his membership he has served in countless capacities incident to the general management of the organization, and while commander did very eflfective service in promoting harmon}" and unity of purpose, and increased in a great degree the interest and efficiency of the corps. Mr. Cumner's connection with the Masonic fraternity has been a very promi- nent feature of his life. He became a Mason in Lafayette Lodge, Manchester, May, 185G, and was one of the petitioners and charter members of Washington Lodge in 1857. He held many subordinate offices, and was the Worshipful Master in 1862 and 1863, and has been treasurer nearly all the time since. His keen scrutiny of its business affairs and careful management of its accounts have done much to keep his lodge in sound financial condition. In 1856 he received the capitular degrees in Mt. Horeb Royal Arch Chapter, and, after serving at almost every post in that body, became its High Priest from 1862 to 1864. He took the cryptic degrees in Adoniram Council, in May, 1857, and soon after the orders of knighthood were -c-onferred upon him in Trinity Com- mandry, Knights Templar. In all these subordinate bodies he sustained an ardent and zealous member.ship, contributing freely to their support and aiding materially in their prosperity. In 1862 he was admitted to the degree of High Priesthood, and in 1863 received the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Rite NATHANIEL WENTVVORTII CUMNER. 301 to the 32cl, inclusive, in Boston, and in September, 1881, was elected to the 33d and last grade in Masonry . In the Grand Masonic bodies of New Hampshire he has been equally prominent, and his earnest labors and sincere devotion to their interests have been recognized and appreciated. After holding several offices in the M. E. Grand Koyal Arch Chapter of New Hampshire, he was elected Grand High Priest in 1867 and 18G8, and gave eminent satisfaction by his management of affairs. In the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire he held nearly all the subordinate positions, and was elected ]Most Worshipful Grand Master in 1872, 1873, and 1874. As the presiding officer in these grand bodies, whose duties are mostly legislative, he commanded the respect of the fraternity for fairness and impartiality, and was highly esteemed for his graceful and courteous bearing. His addresses and official papers were regarded as sound and creditable documents by the fraternity in other jurisdictions. If Mr. Cumner has been prosperous and successful in other departments of life, he has been remarkably happy and fortunate in his family and social rela- tions. He married Miss Harriet Elizabeth Wadley. daughter of Moses I). Wad- ley, of Bradford, N. H., January 24, 1856. They have two sons, — Harry Wadley Cumner, born July 18. 18(iO, and Arthur Bartlett Cumner. born July 3(1, 1871. Harry Wadley graduated from the Manchester high school in 1879, with high standing in his class and the reputation of a faithful and efficient stu- dent. He entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Boston, in 1879, as a special student, remaining two years. In 1881 he engaged in mercantile life: and having integrity and the capacity to make the best use of his privileges and attainments, he has certainly the earnest of a prosperous aud honorable life. Arthur Bartlett, a bright and beautiful boy of uncommon intelligence, has yet to climb the pathway of youth ; but if aught can be predicted from such tender years he is not likely to disappoint the fond hopes of parents and friends. In the common judgment of mankind, woman receives very little credit for the success of man in the struggles and achievements of this life. The intuitive judgment and unfaltering support with which the faithful and devoted wife aids her husband are unseen influences, the force and importance of which never have been and probably never will be understood or appreciated ; and. although the remarkable success which the subject of this sketch has gained may be attributed to his ability and integrity, still the high social position to which the family have attained, and the important and very creditable purposes which they have accom- plished, arc equally due to the clear and well trained judgment, the watchful care and oversight of domestic affairs, and the amiable companionship of his estimable and accomplished wife. While in their relative spheres, either in the busy marts of trade or the domestic departments of life, "on change"' or in the drawing- room, each to a certain extent must be judged independently, in all the economy of life her individuality and influence will be seen to have done their full share in molding the fortunes of the family. Anxiously we strive to look behind the '-cloud curtains"" that veil the future and hide from view what lies in the untried ways beyond. Vainly through the shadows which the sorrows of real life cast far in advance, and into the misty lands " whence come the troops of good and evil forces." so strangely and myste- riously mingled, we gaze and endeavor to discern the hastening events upon which our happiness and success so largely depend. But if we may predict of the future by the past, if Ave can anticipate what is to come by what has been accomplished, then shall the members of this family be blessed with the enjoyment of their full ^hare of all that is happiest and best. COL. CIIANDLliR !■. POTTI'R. Col. Cii.wdlek K.\stm.\x Putter was ii native of Kast Conconl, X. H., born Marcli 7, 1807, son of .Joseph and Anna (Drake) Potter. Jle <:ra(lnate(l at Dartmoiitli College in 1831, taught high schools in Concord and Portsmouth several years, read law, and was admitted to the bar and practiced in Concord. In 1844 he moved to Manchester, where he owned and edited the Maiichesfer Democrat until the fall of 1848, when he sold the ])aper. From 1852 to 1856 he was editor of the Monthly Visitoj- and Granite Fanner. In June, 1848, he was a]>})ointed justice of the Manchester police court, succeeding Hon. Samuel I). Bell, which office he filled seven years, with honor and credit to himself. He was an able and efficient member of the Historical Society in New Hanij)shire, and other societies, and author of a very elaborate and correct history of Man- chester. His ennobling vicAVS of man and nature, and of sound, true principles were always heard with profound attention and delight. He had copiousness of ideas, and his writings were always tilled with the thoughts of a comprehensive mind, instructing all who read what he wrote with a ready pen. He was inter- ested in the study of the Indian language, and has written many sketches of Indian character, and was a contributor to Schoolcraft's Indian work. "Col. Potter was probably the best informed man and antifpiarian in the state, on all topics that related to the early settlement of New Hampshire." He was genial and social, Avith a keen relish for humor and anecdote, friendly with all classes. The rich and the poor found in him a true friend in time of need. He was a devoted friend of the militia organizations of the state, and second commander of the Amoskeag Veterans, a company that adopted the uniform of the continentals. They visited Washington during the administration of President Pierce, com- manded by Col. Potter, who entertained the A'eterans at his home, the McNeil (N. H.) mansion and birthplace of Franklin Pierce, in 1865. A grand enter- tainment was given them in a larg6 tent upon the grounds. In Dr. Loring's address to the Veterans he remarks : — "As a strong, active, and useful son of New Hampshire, he will long be remembered, and when all to whom his form and presence were so familiar shall have passed away, — his associates, his f^imily, kindred, his daily companions to whom his anecdote and good sense rendered his company desirable, — the fruits of his labor as a careful historian and annalist will remain, a valuable contribu- tion to the literature of New Hampshire, a tribute from one who loved every incident of her early and aboriginal and heroic age. To his friends he left an honorable reputation ; to his company, a record which will not be forgotten until the history of New Hampshire shall be blotted out." Col. Potter's last able work, The Military History of Ncav Hampshire, pub- lished in 1806, consists of two volumes, from the settlement in 1023 to the close of the war of 1812, with valuable biographical sketches. COL. CHANDLER E. POTTER. 303 Judge Potter married, November 1, 1832, Clara A., daughter of John Underwood, of Portsmouth, by whom he had four children. She died March 19, 1854, and November 11, 1850, he married Frances Maria, daughter of Gen. John McNeil, of Hillsborough. After this marriage he resided at the Grov. Pierce homestead in Hillsborough during the remainder of his life. Col. Potter loved the society of intelligent and worthy people, and welcomed all without distinction. His domestic relations gave a great charm to his exist- ence. He died at Flint, Mich., whither he had gone with his wife on business, August 3, 1868. After the funeral ceremonies were performed at Manchester, the Veterans met at their armory and passed the following resolution : — " Whereas, an inscrutable Providence has seen fit to remove from our midst our loved and chosen commander, and we have performed the last sad rites of sepulture over his remains; therefore, be it " Remlvpxl^ That in the decease of their colonel. Chandler E. Potter, the Amos- keag Veterans have sustain r^d an irreparable loss, — that their foremost man from the beginning, who at all times, and under all circumstances, in sunshine and in storms, unselfishly sought to promote their highest welfiire, is no more, — and for each one of us to resolve that in our day and generation we will endeavor to follow his example is the highest tribute we can pay his memory. We mourn not alone. Society has lost an ornament ; the stato a historian whose labors, yet incompleted, in compiling and preserving her military history, will long outlive our feeble efforts." HON. DANIEL BARNARD. BY M. B. GOODWIN. 1. John Barnard was among the early settlers of Massachusetts. He came to this country in l()/i4, in tlie ship Elizabeth, from Ipswich, England, and settled in Watertown. 2. John Barnard, son of the pioneer, John Barnard, had two sons, Jonathan and Samuel. 'd. Jonathan liarnard, son of John Barnard, was a resident of Amesbury, Mass. Owing to the manifold duties of a busy professional life, Daniel Barnard has not had the time or opportunity to trace out the genealogy of his family fully, but there is much reason for believing that this Jonathan Barnard was his great-grandfather. His great-grandfather was Captain Jonathan Barnard, inn- holder in Amesbury, who kept •' The Lion's Mouth '" in provincial days, was a cap- tain in the colonial militia, and was prominent in the affairs of the town in which he lived. He was one of the sixty original grantees, in 1735, of the township of New Amesbury, or " Number One,"' which was afterwards granted, in 1767, by the Masonian proprietors, as Warner. His name heads the list of the grantees. 4. Charles Barnard, son of Capt. Jonathan Barnard, was a soldier in the patriot army of the Revolution, and settled in Warner, on the northeast slope of Burnt Hill. 5. Thomas Barnard, son of Charles Barnard, was born in Warner in 1782 ; married, first, Ruth Eastman, of Hopkinton ; married, second, Phebe, his first wife's sister. In the fall of 1826 he removed, with his young family, from Warner to Orange. He died January 29, 1859 ; his second wife died June bO, 1845. 6. Daniel Barnard, son of Thomas and Phebe ( Eastman ) Barnard, was born in Orange, January 23, 1827. When his father, Thomas Barnard, went there and planted his home on his lot of three hundred acres on the highlands divid- ing the waters which flow into the Pemigewasset from those which flow into the Connecticut, the whole territory was still covered by the primeval forest. But rugged, courageous hearts and hands in due time converted forest into field, and while a troupe of seven sons and a daughter was springing up in the rugged mountain home, a good farm was opened, which, with its abundant crops of grass, the stocks of cattle and very large flocks of sheep, allowed no place for idleness, summer or winter. The church and the district school stood together more than three miles ofl", and so continued till the subject of this notice, the fifth child of the family, was fourteen years old, no regular school being estab- lished nearer till he was eighteen years old. But the father being a man of sense and intelligence, and the mother an iincommonly bright, capable woman, they not only made the utmost exertion to give their children the full benefit of the meager chances of the district school, but also systenuitically supplemented these opportunities with regular study and teaching in the long winter evenings HON. DANIEL BARNARD. 305 at home. The father, a good mathematician, managed the flock in arithmetic, and the mother handled them in other branches. From the age of seventeen, Daniel Barnard was granted the privilege of attending the Canaan Academy every season during the winter months, until lie was twenty-one, being employed during the summer on his father's farm. When he arrived at man's estate he fearlessly took his stand with the Free-soil Democrats, and was four times elected to rejDresent his native town in the state legislature. During this time he was intent upon securing the advantages of a college education, and with this end in view he taught school, during the winter, in Orange Grrafton, Groton, Lyme, Enfield, and Amherst, and pursued his preparatory studies at Canaan and Boscawen academies, and under the tuition of Prof. Wil- liam Russell at the Normal Institute at Heed's Ferry. Mr. Barnard's legislative experience materially changed his plans in life ; and he decided to enter at once upon his professional studies. He was well known in the house from his first appearance in that body ; not merely because so youthful in appearance, but because, also, of the uncommon capacity, the sincerity and sagacity with which, in unassuming, almost diffident ways, he met all his duties ; and in the latter sessions of the four years' service he became a leader of the Independent party in the house, and an influential mem- ber of that body. At home, during the same period, he was sleepless in his vigi- lance, contriving by sagacious management to hold the little band of Free-soil Democrats in a solid column, and annually to carry the town till he left it, in the autumn of 1851. At the close of the legislative session of that year, with fixed professional aims, he went to Franklin, entered upon the study of the law in the office of Nesmith & Pike, and in 1854, on admission to the bar, became at once the junior partner with Mr. Pike, in the office where he had read his profession, Mr. Nesmith at that time retiring from the office and extensive business which he had so honorably founded and built into its large proportions. In 18G3, Mr. Barnard withdrew from the firm and established himself alone in his profession in the same village, rapidly rising into the very large, wide, and lucrative busi- ness which for more than eighteen years has allowed him not so much as a week, or scarcely a day, of vacation in the year. During this period he has had as many students in his office constantly as the circumstances of his office would admit, and has nearly all the time had a partner in a temporary way. His part- ner now is his eldest son, William M. Barnard, who graduated at Dartmouth College with superior rank, in 1876, at the age of twenty years ; studied his profession in his father's office and at the Boston Law School ; and was admitted to the bar and into partnership with his father in 1879. In relation to the busi- ness of the office, it is perfectly safe to add that there has been no time within the last fifteen years in which there has not been a formidable amount of business piled up awaiting attention, notwithstanding the most sleepless and indefatigable industry which Mr. Barnard has brought to his duties. For the last ten years he has not only regularly attended all the courts in the counties of Merrimack, Belknap, and the Plymouth sessions of Grafton, but has constantly attended the United States circuit courts, practicing in bankrupt, patent, and revenue cases. The esteem in which Mr. Barnard is held by the immediate community in which he lives may be casually mentioned. Though never seeking office, he has been often chosen to places of responsibility by his townsmen. In 1860 and 1862 he represented the town of Franklin in the legislature; and in all political contests in the town in which he has been candidate for the suff"rages of his townsmen he has always run much ahead of the party ticket. In 1865 and 1866 he was a member of the state senate, presiding over that body in the latter- 306 HON. DANIEL BARNARD. named year; in 1870 and 1871 lie was a member of the governor's council; and in 1872 was a member of the Republican national convention at Philadelphia. fle was solicitor of l\Ierrinuick county from 1867 till declining re-appointment in 1872, the position being again tendered to him and declined in 1877. He was a firm, earnest supporter of the homestead-exemption law of 1850, which was opposed by most of the profession through the state, and introduced the resolution in the house which first gave the members a daily paper. As a mem- ber of the senate in 18()7, he took a profound interest in tlie amendment of the federal constitution prohil)iting slavery, making an able and effective argument in its support in that body. In the cause of education he has always been a foremost friend in Franklin and throughout the state. His own early struggles have doubtless contributed to make him j)eculiarly a friend of the common school, and his experience as a teacher in his early years gives him practical wisdom in the cause. While study- ing his profession in Franklin, he was from year t(j year employed in the Teach- ers' Institutes, which did a large work in awakening higher ideas of the mission of the common school in New Hampshire during that period, and in that busi- ness he was in nearly every county of the state. In 18()7. the honorary degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon Mr. Barnard by Dartmouth College. Mr. Barnard has bjen prominently identified with all the leading industries which have been established in Franklin, and which have so remarkably built up the town within the last twenty years ; procured the charters and helped organ- ize all the great corporations; has been a continuous trustee of the Franklin Library Association since its establishment, more than fifteen years since, and a trustee of the Franklin Savings Bank since its establishment, in 1805; legal counsel of the Franklin Falls Company from its organization, in 1864, and the last eight years its local agent ; and is a director and vice-president of the Franklin National Bank, recently organized in that town. As a lawyer. Mr. Barnard ranks very high in the profession, his advice being eagerly sought by the humblest client and the most influential corporations; but no person, however poor, with a meritorious cause, was ever turned away from his office to make room for a richer or more powerful client. His client's cause becomes his, and his whole energy is directed to winning for his employer what he believes he should have. His terse and logical arguments are especially pow- erful before a jury; and his eloquent voice has been often heard in legislative halls, leading and guiding the law-making assemblies, and in political meetings, sustaining the motives and policy of his party. In the social, humane, and religious work of the community, he has always been active and efficient, generous almost to a fault in every good enterprise ; and in these spheres of duty he has ever had the efficient co-operation of a cultivated, and, it is not too much to add, a model Christian wife, — Amelia, only child of Rev. William Morse, a Unitarian clergyman of Chelmsford, Mass., at the time of the marriage, — to whom he was married November 8, 1854. Mr. Morse, now deceased, was one of the pioneer clergymen of the Unitarian faith in this country, was many years pastor of the Callow-Hill-street church, Philadelphia, and an able and excellent minister. His wife was Sophronia, daughter of Abner Kneeland, of Boston, an able and upright man, whose trial on the technical charge of blasphemy, but really for the publication of heretical religious doctrines, was a most noted episode in New England forty years ago. Mrs. Morse was a noble woman. Mr. Morse and his wife resided during the last years of their pleasant lives in Franklin, near their daughter, who watched with singular ten- derness over the closing years of the parents to whom she is indebted for supe- rior training as well as superior ability. Their union has been blessed with seven children, six of whom, four sons and two daughters, are living. ei,^tf?SS^ ■^^' '/ . c ^ t / ^^^ Y^9 /^ f r ^<^/-7V ^^^^i^ WILLIAM V. RIDDLE. The lives men live and the character of communities lived in are retroactive. Written or unwritten, the good and ill of them swell the tide of human progress, which ebhs and flows by force of individual influences. Time and place are accidental to birth, but often determine conditions that shape fortune. In New England, in the last century, men achieved and wore the iron crown, and their descendants inherited traits of mental and moral character that make material for biography. The subject of this sketch was of the third generation of his family in the town of Bedford, N. H., the place of his nativity. In origin the family was of Anglo-Norman extraction. The name of Kiddle appears in the English and Scotch genealogies, and is traceable back into the ninth century. Gaen Iliddle, of Scotch descent, the head of his branch of the family in this country, came over and settled in Bedford, N. H., about the year 1737, and was one of the original settlers of that town. William P. Riddle, of whom is the pres- ent memoir, was the grandson of Gaen Riddle, and the son of Isaac, — -a man of prominence in the aftairs and events of his time and locality. William P. inherited in a marked degree his father's characteristics. Born on the 6th day of April, 178!), during the period of the formation of our constitutional gov- ernment, he became early imbued with the ideas of nationality. His youth was passed at the district scliool, upon the farm, and about his father's business, in which he displayed aptness and activity. At the old Atkinson Academy, in New Hampshire, he ultimately acquired what education it was his privilege to obtain, and for a short time taught school in his native town. In ISII, Mr. Riddle located in Piscataquog, a village in Bedford, situated on the Merrimack river, and now a part of the city of Manchester. There he took charge of his father's mercantile aff'airs. Business soon increased in importance, which led to the formation of the partnership of Isaac Riddle & Sons, in 1817. This firm eventually extended its business operations throughout central New England. They owned and carried on stores, warehouses, lumber-yards, saw and grain mills at Bedford and Piscataquog, and also operated cotton and nail fac- tories, and lumber and grain mills, on the Souhegan at Merrimack. At the latter place they erected dwelling-houses, stores, and a hotel, whence it came to be known as Riddle's Village, and was an active and thriving place. During this time the project of constructing the " Union Locks and Canals," on the Merrimack river, was inaugurated, — an enterprise which rendered that river navigable for boats and barges to the capital of the state of New Hamp- shire, and opened up water communication with Boston. With this achieve- ment Mr. Riddle became identified, manifesting energy and foresight. Takino' advantage of the fiicilities thus afforded for inland navigation, the firm of Isaac Riddle & Sons established a warehouse in Boston, together with a line of canal- boats, and in connection with their other extensive business entered actively into the carrying-trade. This M^ater transportation was continued by Mr. Riddle 308 WILLIAM P. RIDDLE. after the dissolution of liis firm in 18a(l. and until the openini!' of the Nashua i^' Concord Jlailroad. At the decease of his father, the old firm was dissolved, and Mr. Middle assumed and carried on the business in his own name, both at Merrimack and Bedford. He supplied the region round about with merchandise, and furnished lumber largely for the cities of Nashua, Lowell, Newburyport, Boston, and Providence, supplying the navy-yard at Charlestown with spars and ship-timber, Boston, and Lowell, and other large cities with lumber for public buildings and bridges, and the railways of New England with ties and contract lumber, and shipped railroad sleepers to the West Indies. The old '• yellow store " at Piscata(|uog IJridge was the scene of many of these transactions. It was a busy mart. Here were bought and bartered domestic products, wood, timber and" lundx-r from all the outlying country, in exchange for groceries and mer- chandise, which in turn were transported down the Merrimack to the markets of Massachusetts. During this latter period of his business activity, Mr. lliddle also dealt extensively in hops, buying them throughout New Hampshire, A'ermont, and Canada, and shipping and marketing them in Boston, New York, and Phila- delphia^ and in some instances exporting them. In 184(i he was appointed inspector-general of hops for New Hamjjshire, the culture of which having become of important concern to the farmers of the state. In this capacity he was favorably known and respected among hop-growers and merchants of New England. In 1848 the Piscataijuog steam-mills were erected by him. and suc- cessfully operated for several years. Thus were continued and carried on mer- cantile pursuits and business enterprises until his retirement, about the year 1860, filling up a busy life of upwards of half a century. Early in life Mr. Kiddle evinced a taste for military affairs. At the age of twenty-five years he organized a company known as the Bedford Grenadiers, and was chosen its first captain. Five years afterwards he was promoted to the rank of major of the " Old Ninth Regiment." The next year he became lieutenant-colonel, and on June 15. 1824, was promoted to the colonelcy of the regiment, and was in command for seven years. The '• Old Ninth " was then composed of ten full infantry companies, two rifle companies, one artillery com- pany, and one cavalry company, and for discipline and efficiency ranked first in the state. In June," 1 881, Col. Riddle was promoted brigadier-general; and on the 25th of June, 1833, was further promoted to the rank of major-general of the division, which military office he held till his resignation. Thus he had filled all the offices of military rank within the state. Mr. Riddle married, in 1824, Miss Sarah Ferguson, daughter of Capt. John Ferguson, of Dunbarton, — a soldier of the Revolution who fought at Bunker's Hill. Of this union there were seven children. After his marriage he con- tinued to reside in Piscatacjuog, living on the present homestead till his death. In civil life, Gen. Riddle also held offices of trust. He was representative at the legislature, county road commissioner, justice of the peace and of the quorum, trustee of institutions, on committees of public matters, and fretjuently moderator at the town-meetings. In 1820 he was chairman of a committee chosen to build Piscataquog meeting-house, a matter of some church importance to the town of Bedford ; and some twenty years later he was on the committee to remodel it into an academy, of which he was made and continued a trustee, and in which he exercised a lively interest. It was his pleasure to promote public education in every way. The common school, the academy, and the col- lege received his patronage and fostering consideration. As the town's com- mittee, he superintended the early construction of bridges across the Piscataquog WILLIAM r. lUDDLE. 309 and Merrimack rivers ; in 1825, rebuilt the McGregor bridge, now the location of the new iron bridge on Bridge street, Manchester ; and at a later period was the president of the Granite Bridge Company, which erected the lattice toll- bridge at Merrill's Falls. In the " Masonic Fraternity," Mr. Riddle was prominent, becoming a mem- ber of the order in 1823. The following year he helped found the Lafayette Lodge in Piscataquog, being a charter member. He gave liberally to the sup- port of this lodge, both in funds and effort, supplying it with a hall for meet- ings and work for twenty-five years. He was the last surviving member of its early projectors. The old Lafayette Lodge was among the very few in the state during the anti-Mason troubles that held its regular communications unbroken. He was also a member of the Mt. Horeb Chapter, and of Trinity Commandry of Knights Templar. About agriculture he found time to exercise his taste. He owned several farms, and cultivated them with success, experimenting with crops, and giving results to the public. He was a patron of the state and county fairs, and sought in many ways to advance and encourage the best interests of husbandry. Hop- raising was a specialty with him, and through his methods and example the culture of hops within the state was extended and improved. In 1854, after the incorporation of the city of Manchester, at a time when there seemed to be little interest manifested in military affairs in the state, Gen. Riddle undertook aud assisted in the organization of the Amoskeag Veterans, now so well known and respected. In its origin the corps was a military associa- tion, composed of many of the most prominent and worthy citizens of the com- munity. From such an association a battalion was formed, and Gen. Riddle chosen its first commander. The success of this movement gave an impetus to the military spirit of the day, and was the means of inaugurating a new militia system for the state. The Veterans, as is well known, uniformed in continental style, and to-day enjoy a wide reputation for their unique and ((uaint appearance on parade, their martial bearing, and soldierly mien, and for the character of the rank and file. In the fall of 1855, upon the invitation of President Pierce, the Amoskeag Veterans visited Washington and became guests at the White House, freely enjoying its hospitality, and receiving ofiicial honor. While there they made a notable pilgrimage to the tomb of Washington at Mount Vernon. On its return, the battalion attracted much public notice. At Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York, it received special attention and entertainment. During the late war the Veterans showed patriotism, both in deed and sentiment, and otherwise promoted the national cause. In politics, Mr. Riddle was a Whig, during the existence of the party ; and subsequently became a Republican. Though not a politician, he took an earnest and active interest in the public affiiirsof the country. Respecting the constitu- tional rights of all sections, he most faithfully upheld the integrity of the nation. With him, liberty of thought, speech, and action was a fundamental and inherent idea. To him the history and traditions of the American people were a sacred heritage, and the constitution and union were solemn and paramount obligations, inseparable and indissoluble. In political faith, he believed the nation co-exiiited in perpetuity, and that the people were the source of all sovereignty ; that parties and policies were expedients, — essential, but subordinate to principle and the fundamental concerns of the state. In the early discussions prior to the outbreak of the late rebellion, he took an earnest and serious interest. He regarded secession as treasonable heresy, and odious. During the war he was an ardent supporter of the government, and threw all his influence in its behalf. With deep faith in free institutions, and the power of the nation, he "never 310 WILLIAM P. RIDDLi:. despaired of the Republic." T^pon the close of hostilities, peace was welcomed by him as the harbinger of a redeemed country. Though nurtured under Scotch Presbyterian influences, Mr. Riddle was ulti- mately a Unitarian in his religious faith. lie was prominent among the found- ers of the T'nitarian society at Manchester, and exercised much personal regard for its success. Liberal in his views, he was always actuated by jirinciple, and aimed at consistency in Christianity. The Sermon on the Mount was to him an abiding force. Dogma was subordinated to faith ; and faith enlightened by rea- son. A patient listener to religious teaching, he molded his own opinions. In his last days he was wont to say, that, upon a retrospection of his life, he " did not wish to change anything." Simplicity of character, charity, and hospitality were marked traits in life. Energy, efficiency, and integrity characterized his whole career. In private life he was much respected, and fully sustained the confidence of his fellow-men. In public life he was identified with every worthy achievement of his time. Few men of his generati(tn and nativity have lived more active lives, and few will leave for a memorial a wider record of usefulness and enterprise. In the full ])Osst'ssion of his faculties, at the ripe age of eighty-six years, the subject of this sketch passed (piietly away, on the IHth day of May, 1875. Tlie church he helped to build and to sustain was the scene of his obsecjuies. In the cemetery at Bedford, by the place of his birth, within the old family tomb, he was interred, amid the kindly offices of friends, and the associations with which he had so long been identified. Such is the brief portrayal of a life and character, which in some degree was the logical outcome of the rugged circumstances that beset the early settlements of New Hampshire. The causes which led to the establishment of civil and religious liberty in New England equally wrought out the characteristics of the people. Bedford, Londonderry, Antrim, were primarily a }tart of the wilds, and the •' rock- ribbed ' hills, that were subdued and made habitable by the indomitable energy and frugal industry of those early pioneers. Their descendants, partaking somewhat of their own robust virtues, have in turn impressed the higher culture and the later institutions of the country. In those old towns may yet be traced the lineaments of the ancestry which so eminently struggled for " conscience' sake." Perhaps to no influence more than that of the New England mothers' is attributable the steady, underlying moral force which pervaded that elder civili- zation. Well may it be said, that •• New Hampshire was a good state to emigrate from," — for those communities which have had the good fortune to be the recip- ients of such an emiuration. JOHN B. CLARKE. BY JOHN W. MOORE. A.MONCi tlie various pursuits of the American people there can be no one which ranks higher in a literary point of view than journalism. Once the orator, the teacher, the learned adviser, and the judge had the greater influence among the people ; but now the newspaper, as a power in civilization and culture, exceeds all other influences, for journalism has become, in this country, a most potent agency for good, and editors now, far more than statesmen, teachers, or eccle- siastics, are the guides of current opinion. It was at one time a common saying in England, that " America is too much governed by newspapers." Thomas Jeiferson, hearing this assertion, answered, " I would rather live in a country with newspapers and withaut a government, than in a country with a govern- ment but without newspapers. The well managed newspaper of to-day is not only a recorder of events, but it occupies itself with all the thoughts and doings of men, the discoveries of science, the treasures of literature, the progress of art, the acts of heroes, and the sayings and doings of Christendom. Sustained by the people, and laboring for them, it has the power to make and unmake presidents, control parties, build up free institutions, and regulate the minutest details of daily life ; it becomes in one sense school-master, preacher, lawgiver, judge, jury, and policeman, in one grand combination. Among the influential newspaper-men of this country who are now, and who for thirty years past have been, busy in publishing journals, speaking for truth, honesty, liberty, reli- gion, and good government, is found the subject of this sketch, John Badger Clarke, the well known, genial, liberal, enterprising, able, and very successful editor and publisher of the Manchester, New Hampshire, Daily Mirror and Amer- ican^ and the WeeMy Mirror and Farnier. John Badger Clarke was born at Atkinson, January BO, 1820, and was the junior of six children — five sons and one daughter — of Greenleaf and Julia (Cogswell) Clarke. Atkinson was a good town to be born in, and an excellent place in which to gain religious, moral, and educational instruction. The direct an- cestors of the present Clarke family were from Atkinson ; and from that excellent farming town the children of Greenleaf Clarke went forth on their way to col- lege and to places of responsibilty, and to high callings in life, — the ancestors being known as intelligent, honored, enterprising, patriotic people, conscientiously religious, after the Puritan faith. Julia Cogswell, the mother of Mr. Clarke, was the daughter of Dr. William and Judith (Badger) Cogswell, and sister of Rev. William Cogswell, Hon. Thomas Cogswell, Hon. Francis Cogswell, and Hon. George Cogswell, biographi- cal sketches of whom appear in this book. She was a woman of great intel- lectual powers, a fine scholar, and was preceptress of Atkinson Academy at the time when John Vose, author of a treatise on astronomy, was principal. 312 JOHN B. CLARKE. The Badger family, connected with the Clarkes and Cogswells, are descend- ants of Giles Badger, who settled at Newbury, Mass., in 1G43. Gen. Joseph Badger, born at Haverhill, Mass., January 1 1, 1722, and who died April 4, 1808, in the eighty-sec-ond yi-ar of his age, was active in the Revolution, a member of the provincial congress, and of the convention which adopted the constitution. After removing to Gilmanton. N. H., he held many town offices, was made a brigadier- general, was a member of the state council, and was a .stanch supporter of the institutions of learning and religion. Hon. William Badger, born in Gilmanton, January 18, 1771', was a representative, senator, president of the senate, and governor of the state in 1884 and 1885. He was also an elector of president and vice-president of the United States in 1824, 188(1, and 1844; was an asso- ciate justice of the court of common pleas from 1816 to 1821, and for ten years high-sherift" of the county. Hon. Joseph Badger, Jr., son of the general, was born in Bradford. JMass., October 28, 1746 ; was distingui.shed as a military officer for tliirty years, passing from captain to brigadier-general. He served in the Ilevolutionary war. and was i)resent at the capture of Burgoyne. He died at Gilmanton, January 15, 180!>, aged sixty-two. His wife was a daughter of Kev. William Parsons, and their marriage was the first one recorded in Gilmanton. Of jMr. Clarke's four brothers, a sketch of the eldest, the Hon. William Cogswell Clarke, is given elsewhere in this book. Dr. Francis Clarke was a very successful physician, who resided during his professional life at Andover, Mass., where he died July 10, 1852. Hon. Greenleaf Clarke was a teacher of the high school at Lynn until obliged to leave becau.se the sea air disagreed with him, when he returned to the old homestead in Atkinson, where he has since resided. He was a member of Gov. Hubbard's staff, several years a representa- tive to the legislature, and, in 187!K the senator from the Bockingham district, and is now New Hampshire's commissioner of the Boston & Maine Railroad, an office which he held in earlier days. Dr. Mo.ses Clarke graduated from the Medical College, Hanover, and received his degree in 1842. He was eminent as a physician and surgeon; settled at Ea.st Cambridge, Mass., in 1845, and was a member of the medical societies of that state in 1854, and a representative to the American Medical Association. He was city physician for many years, school committee, and one of the standing committee for the Congregational society. He died at Cambridge, March 27, 1864. The sister of these gentlemen, Sarah Clarke, married Col. Samuel Carleton of Haverhill, Mass., and has since resided in that town. It is seldom that a whole family of six children have so credit- ably been advanced to distinction. The marriage of John B. Clarke with Susan Greeley ^Nloulton, of Gilmanton, a descendant of John Moulton, who came to Hampton in 1688, more firmly united the mentioned old families, adding the Thurstons, Gilmans, Lampreys, Towles, Beans, Philbricks, and others, as did the marriage of William C. C!arke with a daughter of Stephen L. Greeley unite the Nortons of Newbury] ort, and others ; while Moses Clarke, by marrying a direct descendant of John Dwight, who came from England in 1634, and settled in Dedham, Mass., 1686, became connected with a family which furni.shed a commandant at Fort Dummer, during the Indian war, and whose youngest son, Timothy C. Dwight, born at the fort, was the first white child born in Vermont ; thus through the Dwights, connecting the Woolseys, Edwardses, Hookers, and other Massachusetts and Connec-ticut fami- lies known in the history of education and the growth of Yale College with the Clarkes, Cogswells, Badgers, and Gilmans of New Hampshire. Mr. Clarke passed the years of boyhood upon the farm of his father, breathing the pure air, and enjoying the healthy exercise of farm labor. Here was laid the foundation of that robust con.stitution which was calculated to build JOHX B. CLARKE. 813 up the excellent physical man we see in him. Studying at Atkinson Academy, he was prepared to enter Dartmouth College at the age of nineteen years, from which he graduated with high honors in the class of 1843, being only outranked in scholarship by the late Prof. J. N. Putnam. After leaving college, Mr. Clarke was for three years principal of the academy at (lilford (now Laconia), exhibiting an aptness for teaching rarely pos- sessed. While thus engaged, he commenced the study of law in the office of Stephen C. Lyford, Esq., and continued his studies in Manchester with his brother, William C. Clarke, until admitted to the bar of Hillsborough county in 1848. February 2, 1849, he started for California, via the Isthmus of Panama, where he was detained eleven weeks, and bought for the Manchester party of forty-three with him, in company with a gentleman of Maine with twenty men, the brig Copiapo, in which they left the isthmus for California with one hundred and fifty-eight passengers, Mr. Clarke being supercargo. He remained in California a little more than a year, practicing law and working in the mines. He then spent about four months in Central America, returning home in February, 1851. He w^ent to Salem, ]Mass. , with the intention of establishing a law office there, but returned to Manchester and opened an office, applying himself to the prac- tice of his profession with success, until February, 1852, when, at the request of Mr. Joseph C. Emerson, he took charge of the editorial department of the Daily Ifirror. Mr. Emerson becoming financially embarrassed, the property was sold at auction on the 20th of October, 1852, Mr. Clarke being the purchaser of the Daily and Weekly Mirror^ and of the job-printing establishment con- nected therewith, of which he has ever sinc*e been the sole owner and manager. Subsequently he purchased the Daily and WeeMy American (in which the Weeldy Democrat had been previously merged), and the Neiv Hampshire Jour- nal of Agriculture. These were all combined with the Mirror.^ and the name of the daily changed to Mirror and American, and the weekly from Dollar Weekly Mirror to Mirror and Farmer. Since these additions to the Mirror, Mr. Clarke has found it needful to enlarge both the daily and weekly papers twice. Though Mr. Clarke commenced his journalistic career at Manchester, in 1852, without training and without capital, he had what at that time proved most valuable to him, the capacity to see quickly and to express correctly the tendencies of opinion ; and consequently his paper seemed to echo the voice of the people without any appearance of attempting to create it. From the day he came to Manchester as a citizen of the growing city (or town it then was), he has labored for the welfare of the place and the prosperity of its people. An examination of the records and the history of Manchester shows us that he was one of the most active to recommend and push forward the manufacturing, mer- cantile, and mechanical interests of the corporations and people, as well as to aid in the perfection of all the educational, charitable, and reformatory institutions of the city, county, and state. He in the outset aspired to make the Mirror one of the leading newspapers of the country, cost what it might ; and his adroit- ness, energy, persistency, and straightforward devotion to that idea has enabled him to realize his aspirations. When Mr. Clarke took possession of the Mirror, the weekly paper had but a few hundred subscribers, while it now has a larger circulation than any other paper of its class published in New England out of Boston. Doubtless much of his success is due to his great knowledge of men, as this enables him to select the best suited to carry out his purposes, whether as assistants in the various departments of his business, or to attend to d(?tails in any city, state, or national measures in which he takes an interest. He is pos- sessed of a brave, earnest, and sound mind, and never wastes his energies or time upon aspirations which may be barren of results. His work is steady, like .■)I4 JOHN B. CLARKE. !i «<'6e/o^. 1 .^v^.;:^'- ''l»"7y^'S""S0767 5053 vV^vv t/^ UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 001 161 962 4 Xa fii-^:. ^