THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 COMMODORE BYRON MCCANDLESS

 
 THE 
 
 NAPOLEON GALLEEY ; 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE LIFE AND TIMES 
 
 EMPEROR OF FRANCE. 
 
 ENGRAVED BY REVEIL, AND OTHER EMINENT ARTISTS, FROM ALL 
 
 THE MOST CELEBRATED PICTURES, ETC. PRODUCED IN 
 
 FRANCE DURING THE LAST FORTY TEARS. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 
 1846.
 
 vc 
 
 Z.&3.Z 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 i HE object of the work now submitted to the public, is to 
 present a collection of accurate, and beautifully etched copies 
 of the various paintings, &c. produced by French artists, 
 which illustrate the life and times of Napoleon Buonaparte. 
 The many remarkable events in his history, and the in- 
 terest which attaches to every circumstance connected with 
 his life, give peculiar value to this series of engravings. 
 For many years Napoleon was the idol of the French nation, 
 and it was natural therefore that the most eminent painters 
 and sculptors of France should make his battles, sieges, 
 public ceremonies, and other incidents, the subjects of their 
 highest efforts in art. Most of these works have been en- 
 graved on a large and expensive scale. They are now pub- 
 lished at an exceedingly moderate price, and uniform in size. 
 They will form a valuable series of illustrations to accom- 
 pany the new edition of Sir Walter Scott's Life of Napoleon, 
 or any other of the numerous memoirs of the Emperor. 
 These last are generally very defective in dates. The plates 
 here given are placed as nearly as possible in chronological 
 order, though the above circumstances, and the many discre- 
 pancies existing in the various statements, have rendered 
 it exceedingly difficult to arrange them to our entire 
 satisfaction. 
 
 970103
 
 LIST OF PLATES. 
 
 Riot of St. Roche . . . Plate 1 ^ 
 
 Defence of Mount Legino ... 
 
 .Napoleon entering Milan 
 
 Napoleon compels 5000 Austrians to surrender . 
 
 " What a Lesson for Man !" . . 
 
 Passage of the Bridge of Arcola 
 
 Battle of Rivoli . . . IV 
 
 Negotiations at Leoben . . . 8 ]/ 
 
 Cisalpine Republic . . . . 9 \s 
 
 Battle of the Pyramids . . . 10 V^ 
 
 Battle of the Pyramids (Plate 2) . - 11 i/ . 
 
 " All those I command are my Children" , 12 / j4 
 
 Revolt of Cairo . . . 13 - / V 
 
 /JJ 
 
 Napoleon pardoning the Rebels at Cairo . 14 - 
 
 Battle at Benouth . . . . 15 / C 
 
 
 
 Plague at Jafia . . . . W^/ 1 ] 
 
 " You are the greatest Man in the World !" . 17 ! 4 
 
 Battle of Aboukir . . . . 18 ^ / 
 
 Napoleon Inscribes his Name on Mount Sinai . 19 - / 
 
 Review of the 18th Brumaire . . . 20vvM v ""
 
 VI LIST OF PLATIS. 
 
 Napoleon at Malmaison . . . Plate 21 
 
 Napoleon at Mount St. Bernard . . - 22 M 
 
 Battle of Marengo . . . . - 23 
 
 Death of Desaix . . 24 
 
 Coronation of Napoleon (Frontispiece) . . 25 '. 
 
 Napoleon crowned at Milan . . . 26 
 
 French Army crosses the Maine . . 27 
 Napoleon passes the Rhine at Kehl 
 
 Rencontre at Donawerth . . . - 29 -.$, c\ 
 
 Fourth Corps of the Army enters Augsburgh 30 ' 
 
 Napoleon at Augsburgh . . . 31 
 
 Napoleon addresses the Army . . . 32 
 
 Capitulation of Ulm . . . - 33 
 
 Seventy-sixth Regiment recovers its Ensigns . 34 
 
 Napoleon receiving the Keys of Vienna . 35 
 
 Night preceding the Battle of Austerlitz . * 36 
 
 Morning of the Battle of Austerlitz . < 37 -' 
 
 Battle of Austerlitz . . . 38 
 
 Presentation of Austrian Ensigns to French Senate 39 
 
 Interview between Napoleon and Francis II. of Austria 40 
 
 Column m the Place Vendome . . . 41 
 
 Statues of the Column of the Grand Army . 42 
 
 Battle of Jena . . . . 43 
 
 Duchess of Weimar and Napoleon . . 44 ~' 
 
 Taking of the Bridge of Elchingen . . 45 
 Napoleon at Berlin, receives Deputation from French 
 
 A f 
 
 Senate 46
 
 LIST OF PLATES. vii 
 
 Clemency to Prince Hatzfeld . . Plate 47 "/ 
 
 Sword of Frederick the Great . . 48 4 O 
 
 Field of Battle, Eylau . . . -49 ~l{ 
 
 Battle of Friedland . . 50 5 * 
 
 Napoleon receives the Queen of Prussia at Tilsit . 51 5"^ 
 
 Route of the Simplon . . . 52 ~> 3 
 
 Passage of Sorao Sierra . . 53 5 1 
 
 Battle of Essling and Esperne . . 54 L O 
 
 Death of Montebello . . . 55 C* ' 
 
 Napoleon wounded at Ratisbon . . 56 
 
 Taking of Ratisbon . . 57 ; 
 
 Retreat from Moscow . . 58 4 V 
 
 Napoleon at the Tomb of Frederick the Great 59 H S> 
 
 Skirmish between French Outposts and Spanish Guerillas 60"^~ f^f 
 
 Peasant of the Rhine . . . 61 C X, 
 
 Battle of Moscow . . . 62 -* 
 
 Redoubt of Kabrunn . . . 63<~ ^? 
 
 Death of Poniatowski . . . 64 (3 % 
 
 Scene in the Faubourg St. Antoine, Paris . . 65 
 
 " Chacun son metier" . . . 66 (yS~ 
 
 Napoleon at Lutzen . . . . 67 &>-4 
 
 Battle of Hainau . . . 68 ' ' 
 
 Battle of Montmirail . . . 69 ^/ 
 
 Napoleon at Arcis-sur-Aube . . . 70 "7"<, 
 
 Napoleon at Montereau . . . 71 
 
 Filial anxiety of a Conscript , . 72 '
 
 V HI LIST OF 1'LATES. 
 
 Napoleon leaves FontainbleaU . Plate 73 
 
 Barriere de Clichy . . . . 74 \t* 
 
 Return from Elba . . . 75 
 
 Champs de Mai, or Mars . . 76 - 
 
 Napoleon at Charleroi . . 77 \ 
 
 Napoleon in 1815 ... 78 
 
 Napoleon at Waterloo . 79 
 
 A Soldier at Waterloo . 80 
 
 The Soldier Husbandman . . . 81 ^ 
 
 Napoleon meeting a party of wounded Soldiers . 82 - 
 
 The Dying Soldier's Farewell . 83 
 
 An Ambulance -X*'.* U/ ' . '- *' ***' .^ ../]."' 84 
 
 Triumphal Column . . . . 85 IS* 
 
 Arc de Triomphe de L'Etoile . . . - 86 
 
 Statue of Napoleon by Chaudet . . 87 
 
 Death of Napoleon . . . . 83 
 Apotheosis
 
 CORONATION OF NAPOLEON. 
 
 FRONTISPIECE. 
 
 THIS imposing ceremony was performed, on the 2nd 
 of December, 1804, in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, in 
 the midst of all that was splendid and illustrious in the 
 capital of France. With a view to shew his power rather 
 than to acknowledge the jurisdiction of the Pope, either 
 temporal or spiritual, Napoleon summoned Pius VII. to be 
 in attendance on the day of his inauguration at Paris. 
 In compliance with this, the unresisting Pope left Rome 
 on the 5th of November, and blessed the Emperor and 
 Empress, and also consecrated the diadems. Napoleon, 
 however, placed the crown on his own head, and then on 
 the head of Josephine, who received it kneeling on a 
 cushion at the foot of the Altar steps. We are told that 
 " throughout the ceremonial his aspect was thoughtful ; it 
 was on a stern and gloomy brow that he with his own 
 hands planted the symbol of successful ambition and un- 
 easy power, and the shouts of the deputies present, sounded 
 faint and hollow amidst the silence of the people."
 
 RIOT OF ST. ROCHE. 
 
 ON the 4th of October, 1795, at six o'clock A. M., Napoleon 
 visited every post, and placed his troops of the line. They 
 were few in number, and might easily be destroyed by the 
 populace. Arms were confided to 500 individuals, called 
 Les Patriotes de quatre-vingt neuf. Three battalions were 
 confided to General Berruyer ; and General Cartaux com- 
 manded 400 men and four pieces of cannon, and was sta- 
 tioned on Pont Neuf. 
 
 Whilst every thing portended a sanguinary affair, the 
 danger becoming every instant more pressing, the Conven- 
 tion discussed the appearance of things without coming to 
 any decision. Suddenly a column of some battalions of the 
 section Lepelletier, headed by Lafond, an emigrant, ap- 
 peared on Pont Neuf, and obliged Cartaux to fall back un- 
 der the posterns. At three o'clock, Daucian, general of the 
 sections, required the Convention to remove the troops 
 which menaced the people. At about a quarter after four, 
 some rockets were fired from the Hotel de Noailles. This 
 was the signal for the attack. Lafond's column wheeled 
 round, and marched on the Pont Royal, along the Quai 
 Voltaire. This column was routed by the artillery of the 
 Louvre and Pont Royal, after rallying three times under 
 the fire. St. Roche was taken, the Rue St. Honore, la Rue 
 St. Florentin, and every other post occupied by the sec- 
 tionaries, were cleared. At six o'clock, the aifray was 
 over ; and if a few cannon shots were heard during the 
 night, they were discharged to destroy and repress the 
 formation of barricades, which some of the inhabitants etili 
 v ished to maintain.
 
 DEFENCE OF MOUNT LEGINO. 
 
 WHEN Napoleon took the command of the army of Italy, it 
 was in a state of absolute destitution. It consisted of 28,000 
 infantry, and 3,000 cavalry : warttingalmost every necessary 
 for its equipment. The Directory was only able to furnish 
 2,000 louis d'or for the service of the campaign. 
 
 Napoleon arrived at Nice, reviewed the troops, and said, 
 " Soldiers, you are badly furnished; you require many neces- 
 saries, but our government is not able to supply them. Your 
 patience and the courage youhave shewn in the midstofthese 
 rocks, are worthy of admiration ; but here we gain no glory. 
 I will conduct you into the more fertile plains. There, rich 
 provinces and great cities will be in our power, and there yon 
 will have riches, honour, and glory ! Soldiers of Italy! do you 
 want courage ?" 
 
 This proclamation was received with loud acclamations, 
 and the army moved onward. 
 
 On the 10th of April, 1796, the central division of the 
 enemy's forces, commanded by General Argentan, had taken 
 its position before the redoubts of Mount Legino, which were 
 defended by Colonel Rampon. The enemy made preparations 
 to raise them on the following da} r . Beaulieu had left the 
 mountains by Genoa, and was prepared to attack Laharpe, at 
 Voltri. During the night the republican troops made some 
 important movements. Laharpe's division joined llampon's 
 at daybreak on the llth. The commander-in-chief marched 
 with the divisions under Augereau and Massena, by the 
 Col de Cadibonne, and defiled behind Montenotte. Thus 
 Argentan was completely surrounded. Rampon, with his 
 regiment, and Laharpe attacked him in front; while Massena 
 and Augereau attacked him in the rear and in the flanks. 
 The rout was complete, and the French made their entry 
 into Piedmont. 
 
 The splendid defence of the redoubt had facilitated these 
 manoeuvres. Napoleon devised bold and extensive plans, but 
 he also wisely calculated upon the bravery of his troops. 
 Rampon announced his determination to conquer or to die, 
 and his soldiers exhibited the same spirit of devotion. 
 
 The illustration of this military feat, painted to record 
 the valiant bearing of Rampon, is spirited and full of ani- 
 mation. Berthon was truly inspired by the miraculous 
 achievements of the republican army when he produced this 
 picture, which belongs to the Chamber of Peers.
 
 NAPOLEON ENTERING MILAN. 
 
 ON the 15th of May, 1796, Napoleon made his entry into 
 Milan, amidst the acclamations of an immense populace ; his 
 troops passing under a triumphal arch. From that day the 
 Italians adopted the tri-coloured ensign green, red and 
 white. 
 
 Napoleon remained only a few days at Milan, where he 
 received d'Este, natural brother of the Duke of Modena. He 
 came to solicit an armistice, and the protection of the French 
 army. Buonaparte treated with the Duke of Modena as he 
 had done with the Duke of Parma. 
 
 In taking the command of the army in Italy, Napoleon, 
 notwithstanding his extreme youth, inspired the soldiers, 
 and even the old officers themselves, with absolute confidence. 
 
 The accompanying engraving is copied from a fresco 
 painted by Andrea Appiani, who was charged to portray in 
 the vice-regal palace at Milan the pageants of Napoleon. 
 Thirty-five are there painted in oil, after the manner of 
 Grisaille. This subject has been engraved by the best 
 artists of Milan ; it is rare and much sought after by amateurs.
 
 NAPOLEON COMPELS FIVE THOUSAND 
 AUSTRIANS TO SURRENDER. 
 
 AFTER. Lonato had been taken by the Austrians, and again 
 re-taken by Napoleon, August 1796, from four to five thou- 
 sand of the former deserted ; when learning that there 
 were only 1200 French soldiers at Lonato, they marched 
 towards that place, in the hope of clearing a road to the 
 Nuncio. Arrived near Lonato, they sent to demand the 
 surrender of the city. At that moment, Napoleon arrived 
 from Castiglione, when he ordered the deputation to be 
 brought before him. " Go, tell your general," said Napo- 
 leon, " that he is in the midst of the French army. I give 
 him eight minutes to surrender ; beyond that time he has 
 nothing to hope for !" Harassed and fatigued, not know- 
 ing which way to turn, these 5,000 men laid down their 
 arms at his command.
 
 WHAT A LESSON FOR MAN!" 
 
 IN Italy, after the battle of Bassano, Napoleon, followed by 
 some superior officers, surveyed the place where the battle 
 was contended. The moon shed her light upon that scene 
 of horror, and the profound silence of the night was dis- 
 turbed only by the sad cries of the wounded, and the dis- 
 mal groans of the dying. All at once a dog that had been 
 lying on a dead body, came forward moaning ; he alter- 
 nately advanced and receded, seemingly divided between 
 the desire of avenging the death of his master, and the 
 fear of allowing the body to become cold, which he was de- 
 sirous of reviving. Napoleon stopped ; his soul was 
 moved, and comparing, in spite of himself, the faithful 
 friendship of the animal to the neglect with which the 
 other victims were treated, he remained absorbed in pro- 
 found meditation. 
 
 " What a lesson for man !'' at last he cried, "it was the 
 first time his heart uttered its sentiments ; his head then 
 forgot the duties of his situation, and the interests of his 
 policy. 
 
 The impression was so strong, that twenty-five years 
 after, he spoke of it again on the rock of St. Helena !
 
 QUELLE LE9ON POUR L' HOMME ! 
 
 WHAT A LESSON FOR MAN ! 
 WCUCBE I.K.HKE FOR IJKN MERSCKES 1 
 CHJZ LZIOKB PAR I.'oGMo! 
 CO ZA lUOKA IJLA CZlOWIFJCi! 
 QUE LECCION PARA XL HOHBRE!
 
 PASSAGE OF THE BRIDGE OF ARCOLA. 
 
 THE marsh of Arcola is traversed by three causeways, 
 each of which was occupied by a French column ; the centre 
 column moving on that which led to the village so named. 
 Alvinzi, learning that all was quiet at Verona, supposed 
 this movement to be made by a few light troops, and there- 
 fore contented himself by ordering two small divisions to 
 disperse them ; these were checked and nearly routed by 
 the strong columns of infantry to which they un- 
 expectedly found themselves opposed. It was necessary that 
 Arcola, which was defended by two battalions of Creates 
 should be taken, in order to gain the bridge of Villeneuve, 
 which was the only retreat of Alvinzi. The fire continuing 
 unabated, Napoleon, determined on making a last effort, 
 seized an ensign and planted it on the bridge with his own 
 hand. He had advanced his column to the centre of the 
 bridge, when a fresh body of Austrians arrived and com- 
 menced a sharp fire on the flank, which compelled those in 
 the rear to retire. The grenadiers at the head of the column, 
 finding themselves abandoned by their comrades, gave way; 
 but not willing to lose their general, they bore him in their 
 arms through the midst of the dead and the dying. In the 
 confusion he was precipitated into the marsh, where he lay 
 surrounded by his enemies, and would probably have been 
 taken prisoners had not the grenadiers, perceiving his 
 danger, raised the cry, " Forward forward save the 
 general !"' At this the troops returned to the charge, and 
 finally drove the Austrians out of the village. Nov. 1796.
 
 BATTLE OF RIVOLI. 
 
 CONQUEROR at Arcole, Napoleon, after having received some 
 small reinforcements, and organizing 1 part of the Italian 
 battalions, placed the new troops under the tricoloured flag 
 upon the frontiers of La Transpadane, to hold in check the 
 troops of the Pope, who had broken the treaty and repaired 
 to Verona, where he arrived during the battle of St. Michael. 
 There Massena had broken in upon the enemy and secured 
 a few prisoners. 
 
 Napoleon collected all his troops in the night, in order that 
 they might be ready to attack the enemy in the most advan- 
 tageous situation. The intelligence he had received led him 
 to oelieve that this would be on the Montebello side, and that 
 the greatest danger was in that quarter. All the French 
 troops then commenced their march to Rivoli, with the 
 exception of the division under Augereau, which was sent to 
 dispute the passage of the Bas-Adige with General Provera. 
 
 Napoleon arrived at Rivoli about two o'clock in the 
 morning of the 14th of January, 1797, where he was able to 
 observe the line of the enemy's fires ; who appeared to 
 have made five divisions, with a view of commencing the 
 attack at different points. Joubert immediately received 
 orders to act on the offensive ; and the Fusileers engaged 
 with one of the enemy's columns, and repulsed it by day 
 break. Another Austrian column then marched upon the 
 battery at Rivoli ; in less than an hour this was defeated 
 and driven back by Massena, when a third came to its aid, 
 and would have thrown itself upon the battery, but the 
 French artillery slaughtered all who came within gun-shot. 
 The cavalry then charged with daring intrepidity, and the 
 enemy were driven to the edge of the precipice, and rolled 
 into the ravine below. Whilst this took place a fourth 
 column arrived at the place to which it had been directed, 
 in the heights of Pipoto, hoping to turn the French army ; 
 but it was too late ; it came just in time to see the destruction 
 of the other divisions, and to foresee the fate which awaited 
 itself. Seven thousand prisoners were taken, with twelve 
 pieces of cannon, and a few ensigns. In the course of th< j 
 day Napoleon was frequently surrounded by the enemy, and 
 had several horses killed under him. In consideration of 
 services performed on this occasion, Massena had the title 
 of Due de Rivoli conferred upon him.
 
 NEGOTIATION OF PRELIMINARIES OF 
 PEACE AT LEOBEN. 
 
 SOME hours after receiving despatches from the Directory, 
 Napoleon wrote to the Archduke Charles to make overtures 
 of peace to him ; the Archduke immediately answered that 
 he would learn the opinion of his Court, having 1 no power 
 to treat alone. 
 
 At last, on the 7th of April, 1797, the head-quarters were 
 fixed at Leoben, when Generals Bellegarde and Merfeld 
 presented themselves to demand an armistice of ten days, 
 previous to making a definitive peace. The armistice was 
 signed the same evening, but the French agreed to five 
 days only. The Austrian plenipotentiaries arrived at Leo- 
 ben on the 13th of April, and the preliminaries were signed 
 on the 18th. 
 
 The scene in the picture is in a pavilion of the Bishop's 
 palace in the midst of a garden. The French general seems 
 to be saying to the Austrian envoys : " If we are not agreed 
 upon that point, I continue my march, and behold the road 
 to victory !" 
 
 The picture contains some historical portraits ; among 
 others, Lavalette, aide-de-camp to Napoleon, who wrote 
 under the dictation of his general ; to the left of Lavalette 
 are Louis Buonaparte, and Eugene Beauharnais, leaning 
 his head on the future king of Holland. There are also 
 portraits of Berthier, Massena, Augereau, and Murat, then 
 inseparable associates of Napoleon.
 
 THE CISALPINE REPUBLIC. 
 
 THE independence of the Cisalpine Republic was declared 
 on the 29th of June, 1797. A general federation of the 
 national guards and of the authorities of the new Republic 
 was held in the Lazaretto of Milan. On the 14th of July, 
 thirty thousand of the national guard and deputies from 
 the departments swore fealty to the new Commonwealth. 
 
 The Cisalpine Directory named its own ministers, the 
 administrative authorities, and governed the Republic as 
 an independent State. The keys of Milan, and of all the 
 fortified places were duly remitted by the French to the 
 Cisalpine officers, and the army quitted the States of the 
 Republic, and cantoned upon the Venetian territory. 
 
 Napoleon, after the treaty of Campo Formio, returned to 
 Milan to complete the organization of this new State, and 
 the administrative measures of its army. He bade adieu 
 to the Italian people by an address, wherein he told them, 
 that they were the first who had ever acquired liberty 
 without a revolution. " We have given liberty to you ; 
 know how to keep it. You are, after France, the most po- 
 pulous and the richest republic. Prove yourselves worthy 
 of your destiny, by enacting wise and moderate laws, and 
 by enforcing them with energy." He told them that they 
 had not a sufficient sense of the dignity which attaches to 
 a free people. He also promised them the protection of the 
 French nation should they be attacked by neighbouring 
 States. " Wheresoever," he concluded, " the interests of 
 my country shall require my services, I shall ever feel a 
 lively solicitude in the happiness and glory of your Re- 
 public."
 
 REPUBLigUE CISALPINE 
 
 THE fTSAIJ'LNK RRPUBUC. 
 
 I/.RCZPOSHOI .JTA c
 
 BATTLE OF THE PYRAMIDS. 
 
 "0-v the 21st of July the army came within sight of the Pyra- 
 mids, which, but for the regularity of the outline might have 
 been taken for a distant ridge of rocky mountains. While 
 every eye was fixed on these hoary monuments of the past, 
 they gained the brow of a gentle eminence, and saw at 
 length spread out before them the vast army of the Beys, 
 its right posted on an intrenched camp by the Nile, its cen- 
 tre and left composed of that brilliant cavalry with which 
 they were by this time acquainted. Napoleon, riding for- 
 wards to reconnoitre, perceived (what escaped the observa- 
 tion of all his staff") that the guns on the intrenched camp 
 were not provided with carriages ; and instantly decided 
 on his plan of attack. He prepared to throw his force on 
 the left, where the guns could not be available. Mourad 
 Bey, who commanded in chief, speedily penetrated his de- 
 sign : and the Mamelukes advanced gallantly to the encoun- 
 ter. ' Soldiers,' said Napoleon, ' from the summit of yonder 
 pyramid forty ages behold you;' and the battle began. 
 
 " The French formed into separate squares, and awaited 
 the assault of the Mamelukes. These came on with impe- 
 tuous speed, and wild cries, and practised every means to 
 force their passage into the serried ranks of their new op- 
 ponents. They rushed on the line of bayonets, backed their 
 horses upon them, and at last, maddened by the firmness 
 they could not shake, dashed their pistols and carbines into 
 the faces of the men. They who had fallen wounded from 
 their seats, would crawl along the sand, and hew at the legs 
 of their enemies with their scymitars. Nothing could move 
 the French : the bayonet and the continued roll of musketry 
 by degrees thinned the host around them ; and Buonaparte 
 at last advanced. Such were the confusion and terror of 
 the enemy when he came near the camp, that they aban- 
 doned their works, and flung themselves by hundreds into 
 the Nile. The carnage was prodigious. Multitudes more 
 were drowned. Mourad and a remnant of his Mamelukes 
 retreated on Upper Egypt. Cairo surrendered, and Lower 
 Egypt was entirely conquered." 1798 History of Napo- 
 leon Buonaparte, vol. 1, p. 134.
 
 10, HARANGUE AUX FYRAMIDES. 

 
 BATTLE OF THE PYRAMIDS. 
 
 [PLATE II.] 
 
 THE subject of the accompanying engraving is derived from 
 the account given of the Battle of the Pyramids, at the 
 moment when Napoleon, pointing to those remains of 
 antiquity, and addressing his soldiers, exclaimed, "Soldats ! 
 du haut de ces pyramides, quarante si&cle vous contemplcnt." 
 The results of this battle are well known. They were very 
 profitable to the soldiery ; " the name of Buonaparte, now 
 spread panic through the East ; and the Sultan Kebir (or 
 King of Fire, as he was called from the deadly effects of the 
 musketry in this engagement) was considered as thedestined 
 scourge of God, whom it was hopeless to resist."
 
 REVOLT OF CAIRO. 
 
 WHILE the French were masters of Cairo, a conspiracy was 
 formed against them, which exploded on the 21st of Octo- 
 ber, 1798. The populace, at the instigation of the Sheiks, 
 had sworn by Mahomet to exterminate the French. At 
 the commencement of the insurrection, General Dupuy was 
 mortally wounded, and several others were killed ; when 
 the drums were heard beating- to arms, the Turks repaired 
 to the Grand Mosque, where they assembled to the number 
 of about 8,000. Here they were required to surrender, but 
 refused, and seemed determined to defend themselves to 
 the last, when Napoleon commanded bombs to be thrown 
 from the citadel ; this spread dismay and terror amongst the 
 besieged, which was greatly increased by the French burst- 
 ing open the doors. In a few moments the carnage became 
 dreadful. The fanaticism of the revolters prevented their 
 perceiving the impossibility of successful resistance to the 
 French, who had been infuriated by observing Brigadier- 
 General Sulkowski slain by the multitude. Girodet has 
 produced a very animated picture of the scene. The most 
 remarkable group is that where a man completely naked sup- 
 ports a young Turk, richly habited, who is about to receive 
 his death-wound. Near to him is a negro, equally naked, 
 aiming to ward off the fatal blow, and holding the head of 
 a young Frenchman. On the left is an Hussar of a very 
 extraordinary stature, whose weapon seems to bear death 
 to the unfortunate Turk.
 
 BUONAPARTE PARDONING THE REBELS 
 AT CAIRO. 
 
 BUONAPATTE had great difficulty in subduing the tumults 
 at Cairo, and that subjugation was effected by an immense 
 sacrifice of human life. He succeeded in forcing the re- 
 bels to take refuge in the mosque of Eleazar in the Isle of 
 Ronda, whose avenues they secured with strong barricades. 
 Here Napoleon summoned them to surrender; and by his 
 order the divan, the principal sheikhs and doctors of the 
 law presented themselves at the barricades, to induce them 
 if possible to comply with his summons. They were re- 
 ceived by a fusilade, when, at a given signal, General 
 Dommartin opened a batter}" upon the mosque. This bat- 
 tery was kept in constant and fearful play, and produced 
 such consternation and terror among the rebels, that 
 they cried loudly and lamentably for permission to capitu- 
 late : " You refused mercy when I offered it," replied the 
 General, " the hour of vengeance has arrived; you com- 
 menced this tumult, it is for me to finish it." 
 
 Reduced to despair, they attempted a sortie, but were 
 met by the French grenadiers. At length they threw 
 down their arms and surrendered at discretion ; imploring 
 mercy, and uttering their cry of distress, Amman ! 
 
 Buonaparte relented. On the 24th of October, a pro- 
 clamation from the doctors of the law announced that the 
 revolution was overcome and appeased. " By our inter- 
 cession/' said they, " the destruction which must have 
 otherwise followed the revolt has been arrested ; Napoleon 
 has prevented the troops from burning and pillaging the 
 city, for he is full of goodness, benevolence, and mercy 
 towards the Mussulman; he is the protector peculiarly of 
 the poor, and without him the inhabitants of Cairo should 
 exist no longer." 
 
 October 24, 1798.
 
 ALL THOSE I COMMAND ARE MY 
 CHILDREN." 
 
 WE may easily form an idea of the condition of the Egyptians, 
 subject to the oppression of the Mamelukes on the one hand, 
 and the rapacity of the Arabs on the other, when the French 
 entered their territory under Napoleon, announcing 1 them- 
 selves as avengers and liberators, as we find by the follow- 
 ing occurrence, which has furnished the subject of M. De- 
 lonne's composition : 
 
 " One day when Buonaparte was surrounded by the grand 
 Sheiks, some one told him that the Arabs of the tribe of 
 Osnadis had entered with an armed band into a village, 
 driven off the herds, and killed an unfortunate fellah, who 
 endeavoured to make some resistance. Full of indignation, 
 he ordered 200 dromedaries and 300 horsemen to take the 
 field in pursuit of the guilty party. The Sheiks, surprised 
 at the animated tone in which this command was given, 
 looked at each other, for to them the life of a poor fellah was 
 of no consequence. One of them observed to him that he 
 had better not embroil himself with the Arabs, a people 
 always dangerous, and who could retaliate more than the 
 evil he could inflict on them. "Wherefore," added the 
 Sheik Elmodi, " all this stir ? Because they have killed a 
 fellah ! Was he then thy cousin ?" " More than that !" cried 
 Napoleon with energy, " all those whom I command are my 
 children !" And his gesture, more weighty than his words, 
 sufficiently indicated that he took under his protection the 
 unfortunate who came to plead for vengeance or justice. 
 " Taib .'" cried the astonished Sheik, " thou speakest like a 
 prophet." 1798.
 
 .S TKUX yUC JK COMMANUK .SONT MES KNFANP.
 
 NAPOLEON INSCRIBES HIS NAME 
 AT MOUNT SINAI. 
 
 N APOLEON, havingcrossed the Red Sea, at the shallows, was 
 met on the opposite shore, by a d eputation of Cenobites from 
 Mount Sinai. These monks threw themselves at his feet, 
 imploring 1 his protection : and after having 1 invoked the 
 blessings of heaven on his head, they presented for his 
 signature the ancient register of their privileges. Napoleon 
 smiled at their request ; he took the pen, and no doubt 
 nattered by an homage so extraordinary, signed his name, 
 already immortal, beside those of Ali ; of Saladin, and of 
 Ibrahim.
 
 BONAPARTE INS CHIT ?ON NOM AU SINAI. 
 
 IIOBAFAHTE INSCRIBING HIS NAME ON MOUNT SINAI 
 BONAPARTK SCHRHIHT SKIITKn nAMKN AUK DKM SINAI.
 
 BATTLE AT BENOUTH. 
 
 GENERAL BELLIARD learnedat Coptos, that2000 Mekkains 
 and more than 1000 Arabs, conducted by Hassan, had at- 
 tacked the flotilla at Benouth, which was overcome, notwith- 
 standing an active resistance. Although he had withhim no 
 more than 600 men of the 21stlight dragoons, he passed the 
 Nile, and sought the enemy, whose force was now strength- 
 ened by the arrival of 400 Mamelukes. The fight was long 
 and obstinate. The enemy lost their cannon, and fledin alarm ; 
 part upon the boats, where the French soldiery, in their fury, 
 soon reached them ; but the greatest number into Benouth, 
 and into the castle, which they had previously fortified, 
 There they defended themselves fiercely, and repulsed several 
 attacks. The order was then given to burn the village and 
 the castle ; when Hassan, invoking Mahomet, excited the 
 Mekkains to delirious fanaticism. They were now soon sur- 
 rounded with flames, which they were unableto extinguish, 
 and which closed up every means of egress; their only chance 
 of escape was to cut their way through the French soldiers, 
 which they attempted as a forlorn hope, when they were 
 repulsed by a body of riflemen, whilst a column rushing 
 upon a breach made in the wall, kept them within the castle, 
 where they all perished. March, 1799. 
 
 The original painting of this scene, by M. Langlois, is in 
 the Orleans Gallery, at the Palais Royal.

 
 THE PLAGUE AT JAFFA. 
 
 ON the 7th of May, 1799, Buonaparte summoned the com- 
 mandant of the garrison of Jaffa to surrender, who replied 
 to the demand by very unceremoniously decapitating 1 the 
 messenger who carried the summons. The French com- 
 menced the attack on the city, and soon hecame masters of 
 it ; they put the garrison to the sword, and abandoned the 
 city to be pillaged by the soldiers. This horrible scene 
 lasted for six and thirty hours ; and to the disgrace of the 
 French be it said, they massacred their prisoners without 
 mercy. 
 
 " This conduct on the part of the French," says one of 
 their own historians, " conquerors so generous in Egypt, 
 no motive to vengeance could justify, but it became no less 
 calamitous to them than it was to their victims. The 
 plague, that terrible scourge of the East, began its ravages 
 among 1 the French soldiery the very day after the taking 
 of Jaffa." 
 
 The frightful cry, " It is the plague !" spread itself 
 amongst the soldiers, and struck terror into the hearts of 
 the most courageous. 
 
 On his return to Jaffa, on the 24th May, Buonaparte 
 repaired to the hospital, where there were some amputated, 
 some wounded, many of the soldiers afflicted with ophthal- 
 mia, uttering most lamentable cries. The painter has 
 attempted to convey an idea of this scene, and represents 
 Buonaparte as touching the bubo of a patient under the 
 influence of the plague. We are told that Desegnettes. 
 the doctor, dared, in order to reanimate the troops, to ino- 
 culate himself with the plague. This we must confess 
 we doubt. There is no evidence that the plague was ever 
 subdued by the aid of medicine, and had it been so in this 
 case, we apprehend that the means by which it was sub- 
 dued would have been communicated to the world at 
 large.
 
 BATTLE OF AliOUKlR. 
 
 "THE Turkish outposts were assaulted early on the morn 
 ing of the 24th July, 1799, and driven in with great 
 slaughter ; but the French, when they advanced, came 
 within the range of the batteries and also of the shipping 
 that lay close by the shore, and were checked. Their re- 
 treat might have ended in a rout, but for the undisciplined 
 eagerness with which the Turks engaged in the task of 
 spoiling and maiming those that fell before them thus 
 giving to Murat the opportunity of charging their main 
 body in flank with his cavalry, at the moment when the 
 French infantry, profiting by their disordered and scat- 
 tered condition, and rallying under the eye of Napoleon, 
 forced a passage to the intrenchments. From that mo- 
 ment, the battle was a massacre. The Turks, attacked on 
 all sides, were panic- struck ; and the sea was covered with 
 the turbans of men who flung themselves headlong into the 
 waves, rather than await the fury of Le Beau Sabrcur, or 
 the steady rolling lire of the Sultan Kebir. Six thousand 
 surrendered at discretion ; twelve thousand perished on 
 the field, or in the sea." 
 
 Hist, of Napoleon Buonaparte, vol. I. p. 155.
 
 YOU ARE THE GREATEST MAN IN THE 
 WORLD." 
 
 BUONAPARTE reached Alexandria on the evening of the 
 24th of July, 1799, when he found his army already 
 posted in the neighbourhood of Aboukir, and prepared to 
 anticipate the attack of the Turks on the morrow. 
 
 Survey ing their entrenched camp from the heights above 
 with Murat, he said, " Go how it may, the battle of to- 
 morrow will decide the fate of the world." " Of this army, 
 at least," answered Murat ; " but the Turks have no ca- 
 valry, and, if ever infantry were charged to the teeth by 
 horse, they shall be so by mine.''* 
 
 On the 25th the attack was commenced by the French, 
 when for a considerable time the Turks maintained the 
 battle with success. Murat, at length, was enabled to 
 charge their main body in flank, when the Turks became 
 panic-struck, and the battle was changed into a massacre ; 
 and numerous Turks, to escape the swords of the French, 
 precipitated themselves into the sea, where they were 
 nearly all drowned. This eventful day crowned the labours 
 of Buonaparte in Egypt with glory and honour ; and after 
 the victory, Kleber, in a transport of admiration, pressed 
 Napoleon in his arms, saying, " General ! you are the 
 greatest man in the world !" 
 
 * History of Napoleon Buonaparte, vol. i.
 
 VOI SIETZ GRiNDH, COMB II, MON 
 
 JKSTKS WIKI.KJ JAK swrvr! 
 
 SOIS CRANM COKO EL HUNUO
 
 NAPOLEON AT MALMAISON. 
 
 TOWARDS the close of the year 1799, Napoleon occupied 
 the palace of Luxembourg 1 . Several courtiers thought that 
 a palace in the country equally worthy should be allotted 
 to his use. He had been resident at Malmaison, but this 
 was considered unsuitable for the abode of the chief of a 
 great republic. It was decided that St. Cloud should be 
 offered for nis acceptance. This he chose to decline. 
 
 In August, 1802, Napoleon was chosen consul for life. 
 The court then became such as it had been at Versailles 
 under the Bourbons. A French writer says, that when at 
 the Tuileries, " he found it a tiresome abode ; there he had 
 no retirement no liberty. His happiest days were spent at 
 Malmaison. Great in himself, he appeared still greater in 
 that sweet retreat." 
 
 Having formerly refused St. Cloud at the hands of the 
 people, he now took it on his own authority. There he had 
 less leisure than at Malmaison, as etiquette was augmented 
 in proportion to the grandeur of his establishment. 
 
 Josephine suffered more from this new state of things 
 than any other individual. She was much attached to 
 Malmaison ; it was there she had spent many happy hours 
 with her dearest friends. She was often heard to saj-, 
 " How all this excitement fatigues and wearies me ! I have 
 not a moment to myself ! I ought to have been the wife of 
 an humble cottager." 
 
 Napoleon occasionally condescended to join in the coun- 
 try dance with the peasantry of Malmaison. In this amuse- 
 ment it is said he was somewhat awkward, always calling 
 for the monaco, as being most easy of performance.
 
 BOVAPARTK A M.ALMAIS ON. 
 
 BONAPAK-rt A MAI.MAISON 
 HOMAKAKIT! W MAI.MAISON. 
 BONAPARTK r.K WLMAISON
 
 NAPOLEON AT MOUNT ST. BERNARD. 
 
 THE original picture from which this engraving is copied, 
 ornaments the library at the Hotel dcs Invalides. It was 
 painted at the express command of Napoleon. 
 
 The first consul left Paris for Dijon, on the Gth of May, 
 1800, where the reserve army was organized. At Geneva, 
 he had an interview with the engineer, for the purpose of 
 ascertaining the particulars of the intended route ; espe- 
 cially directing his inquiries to the difficult passage across 
 St. Bernard. At the close of the interview, Napoleon 
 said, " Do you believe, then, that the army will be able to 
 brave this passage?" "Yes, General/' replied the intrepid 
 engineer, " it is possible to French soldiers.'' " Ah well !" 
 said Napoleon, " let us attempt it then." And the orders 
 were immediately given for the army to commence its 
 march. 
 
 On the 15th, at the head of 30,000 of his troops, Napo- 
 leon commenced the ascent of St. Bernard. From St. 
 Pierre to the summit of the mount the passage was so 
 narrow that they were obliged to move in single files. 
 General Marmont ordered the cannon to be placed in the 
 hollow trunks of trees, and thus had them raised to the 
 most elevated points by the narrowest path. In the course 
 of a few days he performed what General Suvaroif had not 
 dared to undertake in the preceding year: and thus the 
 name of Napoleon was placed on the list with Hannibal 
 and Charlemagne.
 
 BATTLE OF MARENGO. 
 
 ON the 11 tli of June, 1800, and in the evening after the battle of 
 Montebello, General Desaix arrived at head quarters. Of this 
 man, Napoleon has said that, " of all the generals he ever had under 
 him, Desaix possessed the greatest talents. He loved glory for 
 itself." The two generals conversed with each other nearly the 
 whole night. Desaix had much to tell of Egypt, since Napoleon 
 had quitted it ; and he now burned to signalize himself in the 
 Italian campaign. Napoleon immediately gave him the command 
 of a division. 
 
 Napoleon was surprised at the inaction of Melas, and began to 
 fear that the Austrian had fallen back on Genoa, overwhelming 
 Suchet, and taken up a position where he might be supplied with 
 provisions by the British fleet. Napoleon, thus perplexed, at 
 length descended into the plain of Marengo, where he spent the 
 night in doubt and anxiety. On the 13th he was at Marengo; 
 but found no trace of the enemy there, save a scanty outpost which 
 retired before him. 
 
 Early in the morning of the 14th of June, the Austrians com- 
 menced a furious attack on the village above named. The First 
 Consul found it necessary to command the return of Desaix, who 
 was now half aday's journey distant from head quarters, where he 
 had been sent to watch the road to Genoa. Napoleon arrived 
 on the field at ten o'clock, when the enemy was in possession of 
 Marengo, and the div/sion under Victor was completely routed. 
 He sent his guard to Victor's aid, and assisted himself to support 
 Lannes, directing the division of Carra-Saint-Cyr upon the extreme 
 right, in order to take in flank the whole left wing of the enemy. 
 
 At the moment when the Austrian horse were about to rush 
 on Lannes' retreating .corps, the reserve under Desaix appeared 
 on the outskirts of the field. Desaix himself, riding up to the 
 First Consul, said, " I think this is a battle lost. 1 ' " 1 think it is a 
 battle won," answered Napoleon, "do you push on, and I will 
 speedily rally the line behind you." And in effect the timely 
 arrival of this reserve turned the fortune of the day. 
 
 At three o'clock in the afternoon, Napoleon took up his position 
 on the road of San Juliano. " Soldiers !" he cried, '' we have 
 retired far enough, now let us advance ! You know it is my cus- 
 tom to sleep on the battle field !" Desaix was ordered to throw 
 himself with his fresh troops upon the 6000 grenadiers of Colonel 
 Zach. Desaix prepared to act on the offensive, but was shot dead 
 at the first fire. " Alas ! it is not permitted to me to weep," said 
 Napoleon ; and the loss of this esteemed general, redoubled the 
 fury of the troops. Boudet took the command, Zach himself 
 was taken prisoner ; and the next day Melas entered into a nego- 
 tiation, offering to abandon Genoa, and all the strong places 
 in Piedmont, Lombardy, and the Legations, provided Napoleon 
 would allow him to march the remains of his army unmolested to 
 the rear of Mantua ; this offer Napoleon accepted, and was thus

 
 DEATH OF DESAIX. 
 
 DESAIX was born in 1768, at St. Ililaire d'Ayat, in 
 Auvergne, of noble parents, whose family had been devoted 
 for several generations to the profession of arms. Brought 
 up at the military college of Effiat, he entered as a sub- 
 lieutenant in the regiment of Bretagne at the age of fifteen. 
 He was, even at that age, of a very grave and studious 
 character; and in the revolutionary wars he was remark- 
 able for valour and discretion : prompt in his measures, 
 his success was almost unvaried. He received the rank 
 of General of Brigade for his conduct at Weissenberg. At 
 Luttenberg, a musket ball passed through both his cheeks ; 
 but he never quitted the field of battle, nor suffered his 
 wounds to be dressed, until he had rallied the disordered 
 battalions. On this occasion the soldiers conferred upon 
 him the honourable surname of " Lc gucrricr sans peur et 
 sans reproche. 
 
 In 1796 he served under Moreau. He commanded the 
 left wing at the battle of Rastadt, and was entrusted with 
 the defence of Kehl. 
 
 After performing many very important services to the 
 French army, he was shot in the breast at the battle of 
 Marengo, llth June, 1800, and died on the field. His 
 body was removed to Milan, where, by Napoleon's direc- 
 tions, it was embalmed, and then conveyed to the Hospice 
 of St. Bernard, where a monument was erected to the me- 
 morv of the fallen hero. Rogers refers to this in his 
 " Italy." 
 
 " Desaix, who turned the scale, 
 Leaving his life-blood in that famous field, 
 ( Where the clouds break, we may discern the spot, 
 In the blue haze) sleeps as thou saw'st at dawn, 
 Just where we entered, in the Hospital church." 
 
 " Desaix preserved through life great simplicity in his 
 exterior appearance and manners. In stature he was 
 shorter than Buonaparte by an inch. His physiognomy 
 was pensive, and his complexion pale. 'The talent of 
 Desaix,' said Napoleon at St. Helena. ' was always in full 
 activity. He loved glory for glory's sake, and France 
 above everything 1 .' Luxury he despised, and even comfort. 
 He preferred sleeping under a gun in the open air to the 
 softest couch. He was of an unsophisticated, active, 
 pleasing character, and possessed extensive information. 
 The victor of Marengo shed tears for his death."* 
 
 * Napoleon Memoirs'.
 
 CHAMP DE MARS. 
 
 AFTER the distribution of the eagles at the Champ de Mars, 
 Napoleon administered the following oath to the army : 
 
 "Soldiers! beholdyourbanners! These eagles shall always 
 serve you for rallying points. They shall be ever where your 
 Emperor shall judge itnecessary for the defence of his throne 
 and of his people. You swear to sacrifice your life in their 
 defence, and constantly to maintain them by your courage 
 in the way of victory. Do you swear it ?'' 
 
 All the army answered by acclamation : " We swear it ! 
 Long live the Emperor !"
 
 CORONATION OF NAPOLEON AT MILAN, 
 AS KING OF ITALY. 
 
 NAPOLEON had now become Emperor of France ; and to 
 render the ceremony more imposing 1 to the Catholic com- 
 munity, he brought the obedient Pope from Rome, to join 
 in the pageant. 
 
 The imperial organization was completed in France ; a 
 new nobility was created, and all things were restored to 
 the brilliancy of the ancient monarchy. 
 
 Amid the great events which were then being enacted' 
 one not the least in importance awaited the Emperor of 
 France in the capital of the Cisalpine Republic, now be- 
 come the kingdom of Italy. The Italians decided to offer 
 the crown to the conqueror of Arcola and Marengo, and in 
 pursuance of that decision they dispatched a deputation to 
 Paris. Accepting that offer, Napoleon and the Empress 
 Josephine repaired to Milan, where they were crowned on 
 the 26th of May, 1805, with unusual splendour. On this 
 occasion, as at Paris, Napoleon himself placed the crown 
 upon his own head ; and, when taking it from the altar, he 
 exclaimed aloud, " God gives it to me ; beware mho touches 
 it!" On the 8th of June, Prince Eugene, the adopted son 
 of Napoleon, was proclaimed Viceroy of Italy; and the 
 French Emperor returned to his army, to make prepara- 
 tions for the memorable campaign of Austerlitz.
 
 THE FRENCH ARMY CROSSES THE MAINE. 
 
 ADMIRAL VILLENEUVE in engaging- in the disastrous battle 
 of Trafalgar, compromised the grand project for descending 
 upon England. 
 
 The illustrious Pitt took means to avert the storm which 
 menaced the British isles. A treaty of union was signed by 
 Russia and Austria, and the third coalition against France 
 was formed. Napoleon gave orders for breaking up the camp 
 at Boulogne; and presenting himself before the senate, spake 
 as follows : 
 
 '' SENATORS, 
 
 " I quit my capital to put myself at the head of the army, to 
 give prompt succour to our allies, and defend the best interests of 
 my people. 
 
 " The vows of the eternal enemies of the continent are fulfilled. 
 War has commenced in the midst of Germany ; Austria and 
 Russia are united with England, and we are again dragged into 
 a calamitous war. But a few days ago, I hoped that peace might 
 still be preserved : now their threats and outrages I can no longer 
 suffer. The Austrians have passed the Inn Munich is invaded 
 the Elector of Bavaria is driven from his capital ; and all my 
 hopes of peace are fled ! 
 
 " Senators ! when at j'our wish, and at the call of the French 
 nation, I placed the imperial crown upon my head ; I received it 
 from you, and from the citizens with an engagement to maintain it 
 pure and withoutblemish. 
 
 " Magistrates ! Soldiers ! Citizens ! all will preserve their 
 country from the influence of England, who, if she prevails, will 
 yield only an ignominious and hateful peace ; tne chief conditions 
 of which will be, the sacrifice of our navy, the destruction of our 
 ports, and the annihilation of our industry. 
 
 " Frenchmen ! your Emperor will do his duty ! my soldiers will 
 do theirs ! and you will do yours !" 
 
 Whilst a portion of the army commenced their march 
 towards Strasburg, Marshal Bernadotte received orders to 
 occupy the fortresses of Hameln and Nienburgh, with the 
 19th regiment of the line, under the command of Bastoul, 
 general of division. He also received a superior command 
 in Hanover, with directions to collect his troops upon the 
 frontier of Hesse Cassel, in orderto bear down upon Frank- 
 fort. General Marunno was at the same time ordered to 
 break up his camp at Zeist, to quit Holland and ascend the 
 Rhine, arriving upon the Maine with his corps of the army, 
 to take part in any ulterior operations. September 17, 1805.
 
 NAPOLEON PASSES THE RHINE AT KEHL. 
 
 B ERNADOTTE with his corps of the army, traversed the Elec- 
 torate of Hesse, with all the order and discipline for which 
 it was remarkable. The French troops detiled before the 
 guard, and a part of the Elector's troops, which were under 
 arms at Cassel. 
 
 On the 21st September, 1805, the three divisions under 
 Bernadotte, took their position at Butzbach, in the province 
 of Gros-Herzogth ; and on the 30th of the same month, the 
 whole army was united before W urtzburg. General Marmont 
 arrived at Mayence with his corps, joining 1 himself to 
 Bernadotte and the Bavarians. 
 
 The different columns of the army arrived successively 
 upon the Rhine from the 20th to th 26th of September ; 
 these corps were commanded by Marshals Soult, Davoust, 
 Ney, and Lannes; Murat commanding the reserve of ca- 
 valry. They formed a line, of which the right extremity was 
 at Strasburg, the centre at Spire, and the left at Mayence. 
 
 The reserve of cavalry, composed of five divisions, passed 
 the Rhine on the 25th of September, at Kehl, and took its 
 position in front of the entrance to the Black Forest. Lannes 
 and his corps, consisting of the grenadiers under Oudinot, 
 and of a division under Suchet, passed the Rhine at the same 
 place ; and the corps under marshal Ney, with his divisions, 
 Dupont, Loison, and Malher, and the dragoons of Baragay 
 d'Hilliers, followed on the 20th. 
 
 Soult, with the divisions, Vandamme, Legrand, and St. 
 Hilaire, effected his passage at Spire ; and Davoust at Man- 
 heim at the head of the divisions, Friant, Gudin, and 
 Bouvrier. 
 
 Napoleon requested the court of Bavaria to place its army 
 at his disposal ; and Generals Deroi and Wrede, at the head 
 of the Bavarian troops, joined themselves to Bernadotte. 
 
 While these movements were taking place, Napoleon 
 arrived at Strasburg on the 27th of September, and 
 remained there until the 1st of October. 
 
 Before passing the Rhine, he harangued the troops, ex- 
 citing the Bavarians by the following passage in his procla- 
 mation : "I know your bravery; and flatter myself, that 
 after the first battle,*! shall be able to tell your prince and my 
 people, that you are worthy to light iu the ranks of the 
 grand army."
 
 THE FOURTH CORPS OF THE ARMY MEETS 
 THE ENEMY AT DONAWEHTH. 
 
 NAPOLEON had passed the Rhine, and disposed of his 
 army. 
 
 The left wing, composed of the corps under Marshal 
 Bernadotte, and of that under General Marmont, with the 
 Bavarian army, were set on the march on the 1st and 2d 
 of October, to Weissenburg. 
 
 Marshal Davoust, leaving 1 Neckarels, pursued the route of 
 Meikumhl, Ingelfrugen, Chreilsheim, Drinkelspuhl, Fremb- 
 dingen, GEttingen, and Haarburg 1 . 
 
 Marshal Soult advanced upon the Danube. 
 
 Ney, leaving 1 Stuttgard, followed the route of Esslingen 
 to Nattheim. 
 
 Marshal Lannes quitted Ludwisburg, and directed his 
 steps towards Nordeingen. 
 
 On the Cth of October the army held the following posi- 
 tions : 
 
 Bernadotte at "Weissenburg-. 
 
 Davoust at Altingenupon the Wernitz. 
 
 Soult, master of the bridge of Munster, was at the gates 
 of Donawerth. 
 
 Ney at Kossingen. 
 
 Lannes at Neresheim. 
 
 And the cavalry, under Murat, covered the Danube. 
 
 The second division of that portion of the army under 
 Marshal Soult, commanded by General Vandamme, having 
 arrived at Donawerth on the evening of the Gth, had the 
 honour of commencing the attack on the Austrian army.
 
 Si! 
 
 K Oi 5 
 
 h g E
 
 THE FOURTH CORPS OF THE ARMY 
 ENTERS AUGSBURGH. 
 
 GENERAL VANDAMME had the honour of commencing- the 
 attack on the Austrian army in the rencontre at Dona- 
 werth : he routed the regiment of Colloredo, who defended 
 the bridge of that town : killed about GO men, and took 
 150 prisoners. Marshal Soult repaired to the bridge, and 
 bore down upon Augsburgh with the divisions under Van- 
 damme and Legrand ; whilst St. Hilaire conducted his 
 troops up the left bank of the Danube, to observe the 
 movements of the army collected round" Ulm, and after- 
 wards followed the two divisions we have just named. 
 
 Murat arrived at Donawerth on the morning of the 7th 
 of October, 1805, with the dragoons commanded by General 
 Walter, where he passed the river to bear down rapidly upon 
 the Lech. Colonel Wathier, at the head of 200 dragoons 
 of the Fourth Regiment, crossed that river by swimming, 
 to occupy the bridge on the route of Rain. A regiment of 
 Austrian cuirassiers made some efforts at resistance, but 
 were charged with impetuosity by Wathier and his small 
 handful of men, and the bridge remained in the power of 
 the French column. 
 
 On the morrow, Murat marched to cut off the route from 
 Ulm to Augsburgh. At Wirtingen, he had to sustain a com- 
 bat of two hours against a division of the enemy, composed 
 of twelve battalions of grenadiers, supported by another 
 squadron of Albert's regiment. The cuirassiers being de- 
 feated, the enemy's square was broken, sabred, and cut to 
 pieces, and completely routed. 
 
 Napoleon, who accompanied the corps under Lannes, 
 took up his general quarters at Zusmershausen, where he 
 reviewed the cavalry under Murat, as well as the two divi- 
 sions under Oudinot and Suchet. 
 
 Marshal Soult, after having manoeuvred with Legrand's 
 division on the 7th and 8th of October, rejoined that of Van- 
 damme, to make for Augsburgh by the right bank of the 
 Lech ; whilst St. HiVaire pursued the same course on the 
 left. Soult met with the debris of the Austrian column, 
 beaten and dispersed, at Wertingen ; from which village 
 ne chased them, and entered Augsburgh on the 9th.
 
 NAPOLEON AT AUGSBURGH. 
 
 NAPOLEON exhibited to his officers and soldiers an example 
 of indefatigable activity. On horseback, night and day, 
 he was continually in the midst of his troops, and chiefly 
 where he thought his presence most necessary to excite the 
 energy of his soldiers. He did not forget that similar con- 
 duct had mainly contributed to his success in Italy ; and 
 he was wise enough to see the importance of inducing 
 those under his command, by constantly observing their 
 actions, to expect that he would appreciate their services, 
 and reward them with liberality. 
 
 Ney had received orders to bear down upon Ulm. Murat 
 advanced upon Burgau, and sought to cut off the retreat of 
 the enemy. 
 
 The French army, since its passage over the Danube, had 
 succeeded in cutting off the communication between some 
 portions of the enemy's army ; and Napoleon, arriving at; 
 Augsburgh on the evening of the 10th of October, 1805, 
 made preparations to destroy those remaining. 
 
 Napoleon met the troops under General Marmont, at the 
 bridge of Lech, on the day just named, as he was effecting 
 his passage. Here he had the regimeut formed into a 
 circle, and harangued them in the manner of the Roman 
 Emperors. M. Gautherot has endeavoured to portray this 
 scene, of which an engraving and description will be found 
 in another part of this work.
 
 CAPITULATION OF ULM. 
 
 ON the 29th of October, 1805, the Austrians surrendered 
 Ulm to Napoleon. 
 
 In execution of the articles of capitulation, the Austrian 
 troops passed in defile before the Emperor, with all the 
 honours of war. This ceremony commenced at two o'clock 
 in the afternoon, and continued until seven o'clock in the 
 evening. Their number was estimated at 30,000 2000 of 
 which were cavalry. Sixty pieces of cannon and forty 
 ensigns were delivered into the hands of the conquerors, 
 who were encamped on the hills above the city. 
 
 The emperor, surrounded by his guard, caused the Aus- 
 trian Generals to be brought before him ; these were, Ge- 
 neral Mack, Commander-in-Chief ; eight Lieutenant-Gene- 
 rals, and eight Major-Generals. Napoleon treated them 
 with considerable respect, and said, " Gentlemen, the Em- 
 peror, your master, maintains an unjust war against me. I 
 tell you with candour, I know not wherefore he contends 
 with me; I know not what is required of me." Then di- 
 recting their attention to the French troops ranged upon 
 the hills in battle array, he added " It is not in this army 
 alone that my strength consists ; were it so indeed, I would 
 endeavour to force my way with that ; but 1 refer you to 
 the reports which your soldiers, whom I now send prisoners 
 to France, shall furnish ; they will see the spirit which 
 animates my people, and with what zeal they will rally 
 round my standard. I seek for nothing on the continent : 
 ships, colonies, and commerce are what I wish for, and these 
 are as advantageous to you as to us." General Mack replied, 
 that the Emperor of Austria had not willingly engaged 
 in the war, but had been forced into it by Russia. " Then," 
 said Napoleon, " you no longer exist as an independent 
 power." 
 
 Mack was subsequently committed to a state prison in a 
 remote part of the Austrian dominions, as a punishment for 
 alleged treachery and defection of duty in his important 
 office.
 
 NAPOLEON MEETING A PARTY OF 
 WOUNDED SOLDIERS. 
 
 " Honneur au courage malheurcux /'' said Napoleon, in 
 passing a party of wounded enemies. Debret has made a 
 rather agreeable picture from a disagreeable subject ; 
 though it is certainly gratifying to find the leader of an 
 army rendering due respect to those who, in their coura- 
 geous efforts to overcome an opposing force, have unfortu 
 nately received wounds and injuries which, perhaps, dis- 
 able them for life. The admirers of Napoleon maintain that 
 the above incident did actually occur, while others assert 
 that he was by nature cruel and unmerciful. We take 
 upon ourselves to support neither the one nor the other ; 
 amid the mass of conflicting evidence we cannot see how 
 it is possible to arrive at a probable conclusion. That Na- 
 poleon was a great man, none can deny ; that he was a 
 good man, few will be hardy enough to maintain.
 
 THE 76 T H REGIMENT RECOVERS ITS 
 ENSIGNS. 
 
 A Trench regiment, the 76th of the line, had lost its ensigns 
 in the Orisons ; it knew that Europe had not forgotten its 
 misfortune, which was not occasioned by a want of courage. 
 After the taking of forts Charnitz and Neustark, the 9th of 
 November, 1805, this regiment entered Inspruck ; an officer 
 of the guard recognized in the arsenal the long lost ensigns, 
 and announced it to his com r ades. The soldiers crowded 
 together, when their chief, Marshal Ney, standing in the 
 midst of them, exhibited these ensigns, the subjects of so 
 many regrets. " I return them to you," said he, " assured 
 that you will never lose them again." On the right of the 
 engraving, a young soldier, raised upon the arms of his 
 comrades, is seen tracing these words upon the wall ; " Le 76 
 retouvb scs drapeaux dans I' arsenal d' Inspruck, 1805." 
 
 This picture formed part of the exhibition in 1808, when 
 the committee deemed it worthy of honourable mention. 
 In painting it, the artist, M. Meynier, had a great difficulty 
 to overcome, that of so many clad in regimentals of the same 
 colour ; this, however, he has contended against with all pos- 
 sible success. 
 
 By order of the Bourbons, the head of the General has 
 been changed ; they were not willing that aught of Ney 
 should be seen, to remind his judges and executioners of the 
 part they acted in his political murder.
 
 NAPOLEON RECEIVING THE KEYS OF 
 VIENNA. 
 
 ON the 10th of November, 1805, Mortier met with the rear- 
 guard of the Russians, which consisted of 25,000 strong ; 
 with these he advantageously sustained a combat for seve- 
 ral hours, having with him only 5000 French troops. 
 
 On the following morning, the inhabitants of Vienna, 
 whom the Austrian emperor had abandoned, opened the 
 gates of that capital to the French emperor. 
 
 Let us see what was said in one of the bulletins of this 
 magical campaign ! 
 
 " The emperor has not yet received any of the authori- 
 ties of Vienna, except a deputation from the different bodies 
 of the city, who, on the day of his arrival, met him at Sig- 
 arts-Kirchen. They were composed of the Prince of Seu- 
 zendorf, the prelate of Scidenstetten, the Count of Veterani, 
 the Baron de Kees, the Burgomaster of the city, M. de 
 Wohebben, and General Burgeois. 
 
 " His majesty received them with much condescension, 
 and told them that they might assure the people of Vienna 
 of his protection. 
 
 " General Clarke is named Governor-General of Lower 
 Austria ; Darn is appointed Intendant General." 
 
 Girodet has chosen his subject from this fragment of the 
 bulletin. On the side of the Emperor are the Princes 
 Murat and Neufchatel, Marshal Bessieres, and other officers 
 of different ranks. 
 
 The back ground of the picture indicates the place 
 where the scene occurred ; it is a view of the entrance to 
 Schoenbrunn. In the extreme distance, we see a splendid 
 building which is called Gloriette. Since the death of Gi- 
 rodet, the painting has been concealed from the public view, 
 until the revolution of July replaced it in the midst of our 
 national treasures ; and it now occupies a place in the gal- 
 lery of the Louvre.
 
 THE NIGHT PRECEDING THE BATTLE OF 
 AUSTERLITZ. 
 
 IT is said that Napoleon, after having ascertained the exact 
 position of his army, on the night previous to the battle of 
 Austerlitz. fell asleep in the midst of his general officers. 
 This was about midnight, when he snatched an hour from his 
 high and important duties to restore the energies of his 
 wearied frame. The power of his genius was ignorant of 
 anything beyond the power of man to achieve. Ingratitude 
 and treason were alone able to conquer that will and that 
 power, which were to astonish future ages, and to be felt, 
 though not acknowledged.
 
 MORNING OF THE BATTLE OF 
 AUSTERLITZ. 
 
 AT one o'clock in the morning 1 of the 2nd December, 1805, 
 the Emperor mounted his horse, to take a survey of his 
 position, and to ascertain from the main guards what they 
 had observed of the movements of the Russians. " He 
 wished to do so without being recognized, but the soldiery 
 penetrated the secret, and, lighting great fires of straw all 
 along the line, received him from post to post with en- 
 thusiasm. They reminded him that this was the anniversary 
 of his coronation, and assured him they would celebrate the 
 day in a manner worthy of its glory: "only promise us," cried 
 an old grenadier, " that you will keep yourself out of the fire." 
 " I will do so/' answered Napoleon. " I shall be with the 
 reserve until you need us." This pledge, which so completely 
 ascertains the mutual confidence of the leader and his soldiers, 
 he repeated in a proclamation issued at day break. The sun 
 rose with unusual splendour ; and was the harbinger of one of 
 the most lovely days in autumn. This engagement, which the 
 soldiers persist in calling the battle of the three emperors, 
 will be ever memorable in the calendar of the " ffreat" nation. 
 
 The emperor surrounded by his marshals, gave his last 
 orders at dawn of light. As the first rays of the sun became 
 visible above the horizon, the orders were given, and each 
 marshal hastened to rejoin his corps. 
 
 In passing before the line of the several regiments, formed 
 abreast, Napoleon said. " Soldiers ! let us finish this campaign 
 by a thunder-shock which shall confound the pride of our 
 enemies !"
 
 BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ. 
 
 " THE Russian General-in-Chief, Kutusoff, fell into the 
 snare Napoleon had laid for him, and sent a large division 
 of his army to turn the right of the French. The troops 
 detached for this purpose met with unexpected resistance 
 from Davoust, and were held in check at Ray-gem. Napo- 
 leon immediately seized the opportunity : they had left a 
 deep gap in the line, and upon that space Soult forthwith 
 poured a force which entirely destroyed the communication 
 between the Russian centre and left. The Czar perceived 
 the fatal consequences of this movement, and his guards 
 rushed to beat back Soult. It was on an eminence, called 
 the hill of Pratzen, that the encounter took place. The 
 Russians drove the French infantry before them. Napoleon 
 ordered Bessieres to hurry with the imperial guard to their 
 rescue. The Russians were in some disorder from the im- 
 patience of victory. They resisted sternly, but were finally 
 broken, and fled. The Grand Duke Constantine, who had 
 led them gallantly, escaped by the fleetness of his horse. 
 
 " The French centre now advanced, and the charges of 
 its cavalry were decisive. The Emperors of Russia and 
 Germany beheld from the heights ( their right wing, which 
 had hitherto well contested against the impetuosity of 
 Lannes, forced down into a hollow under the incessant fire 
 of artillery from above/ where some small frozen lakes 
 offered the only means of escape from the closing cannon- 
 ade. The French broke the ice about them by a storm of 
 shot, and nearly 20,000 men died on the spot; some swept 
 away by artillery, the greater part drowned. Buonaparte, 
 in his bulletin, compares the horrid spectacle of this ruin, to 
 the catastrophe of the Turks at Aboukir, when ' the sea 
 was covered with Turbans.' It was with great difficulty 
 that the two Emperors rallied some fragments of their 
 armies around them, and effected their retreat : 20.000 pri- 
 soners, forty pieces of artillery, and all the standards of the 
 imperial guard of Russia, remained with the conqueror. 
 Such was the battle of Austerlitz ; or, as the French sol- 
 diery delighted to call it, ' the battle of the Emperors.'" 
 History of Napoleon Buonaparte, Vol. 1. p. 323.
 
 INTERVIEW BETWEEN NAPOLEON AND 
 FRANCIS II. OF AUSTRIA. 
 
 THE entire discomfiture of the allied army at tlie battle of 
 Austerlitz induced the Emperor of Austria to seek an inter- 
 view with Napoleon, in order, if possible, to conclude a 
 treaty of peace. With this view he commissioned Prince 
 Jean de Lichtenstein to ascertain whether this would be 
 agreeable to the conqueror or not : Napoleon agreed, and 
 appointed to receive Francis II. at his bivouac, on the 4th 
 of December, 1805. 
 
 On that day the haughty Emperor went to the French 
 head-quarters : Napoleon said, tl I receive you in the only 
 palace I have inhabited for the last two months." To which 
 the humiliated Sovereign replied, " You have made so good a 
 use of them, that you ought not to complain of their accom- 
 modation." The two Princes soon concluded an armistice, 
 and the principal conditions of peace were promptly nego- 
 tiated. Francis demanded that the Czar might be permitted 
 to pass to his own states in safety. Napoleon agreed to this, 
 provided the Russians would evacuate Germany and Poland, 
 both Austrian and Prussian. The Austrian Emperor assured 
 him that such was the intention of the Czar, but desired that 
 an officer might be sent to learn the sentiments of the Rus- 
 sian Emperor on that point ; and General Savary was dis- 
 patched to ascertainif Alexander wouldadhere to this armis- 
 tice. 
 
 When the Emperor of Austria had left Napoleon, he 
 appeared to regret for an instant the condescension he had 
 shewn him ; and remarked to his officers, " That man has led 
 me to commit an error, for I should have been able to follow 
 up my victory, and take or destroy the whole of the Russian 
 and Austrian army ; but it is well, less tears will be shed ! "
 
 PRESENTATION OF AUSTRIAN ENSIGNS TO 
 THE FRENCH SENATE. 
 
 AFTER the battle of Austerlitz, where the Austrian power was 
 so nearly destroyed, the French conqueror sent a. Jasce.au of 
 ensigns to the tribunes, to be presented to the Senate which 
 had seconded by its decrees the organization of the army. 
 
 It was in the hall where the sittings were held it was 
 before the marble statues of all the great men of ancient days 
 that the tribunes, bearing the Austrian eagles came in a 
 body to offer them to the first dignitaries in France. The 
 tribunes entered, clothed in their rich and elegant blue cos- 
 tumes, which contrasted well with the colour of the warlike 
 trophies they bore. 
 
 On the left of the picture, the President is seated to receive 
 the deputation, surrounded by his secretaries. The Duke of 
 Dantzic appears by his gesture to direct the proceedings of 
 the tribunes. On the same side we observe the Chancellor 
 of the Legion of Honour, and two other senators. On the 
 right, some other members of the Senate seem to congratulate 
 themselves on participating in such an honourable event. 
 These are portraits. Their sumptuous vestments, and their, 
 hats ornamented with plumes, which the artist has intro- 
 duced with much ingenuity, contribute to render the fore- 
 ground of the picture very effective.
 
 THE DUCHESS OF WEIMAR, AND NAPOLEON. 
 
 AFTER the battle of Jena, Napoleon took up his abode at 
 Weimar; the royal family of Prussia, resident there a few 
 days before, having fled on the approach of the conqueror. 
 The Duchess, however, did not abandon her capital, though 
 her lord was at the head of 25,000 men in the Prussian army. 
 She retired with her attendants into one wing of the palace, 
 and prepared the best apartments for the reception of the 
 French Emperor. On his arrival she placed herself-at the 
 head of the principal staircase to receive him; when on see- 
 ing her, he abruptly demanded, " Qni ties vous Madame ?" 
 to which she replied, " Jc suis la Duchesse de Weimar,' 1 
 " Then I pity you,'' said Napoleon, " for your husband has 
 lost his duchy, and ceased to reign." He paid her no fur- 
 ther attention, but retired into his apartments. 
 
 In the morning, the Duchess was informed that the city 
 had been pillaged, and was still in confusion. She sent one 
 of her chamberlains to inquire after the health of the Em- 
 peror and demand an audience. Napoleon was pleased, 
 and expressed a wish that she should breakfast with him. 
 Scarcely had the Duchess arrived, when, according to his 
 usual custom, he began to question her respecting her hus- 
 band, and enquired why he was foolish enough to make 
 war with him ; to which she replied, that Napoleon would 
 have despised him if he had acted otherwise. " Where- 
 fore ?" asked Napoleon. " My husband/' said the Duchess, 
 " has been thirty years in the service of Prussia. The 
 Duke could not quit the King's service with honour at the 
 moment when he had to contend against an enemy so power- 
 ful as your majesty." This answer seemed to appease the 
 Emperor, who inquired how the Duke became attached to 
 Prussia. The Duchess explained that the younger branches 
 of the house of Saxe had always followed the example of 
 the Elector ; and the politics of that prince having led 
 him to ally himself with Prussia rather than with Austria, 
 the Duke had not been able to excuse himself from the 
 same course. After the conversation had continued for some 
 time on the same subject, she rose to retire, when Napoleon 
 said, " Madame, you are the most venerable woman I ever 
 knew ; you have saved your husband. I pardon him ; but 
 he owes the pardon to you." At the same time, he gave 
 strict orders that no exactions should be tolerated ; and sub- 
 sequently, he signed a treaty which secured the existence 
 of the duchy of Weimar. From that time, Napoleon never 
 ceased to regard the princess with the respect due to a 
 noble character.
 
 COLUMN OF THE GRAND ARMY, PALACE 
 VENDOME. 
 
 Tms column, which was completed in 1833, by a statue of 
 Napoleon being 1 placed at its summit, was originally raised 
 as a memorial or the campaign of 1805. When the first 
 stone was laid, on the site formerly occupied by the statue 
 of Louis XIV., it was intended to record the adherence of 
 the French people to the establishment of the empire ; but 
 after the battle of Austerlitz, M. Denon proposed to Napo- 
 leon, to alter the destination of the departmental column, 
 and to consecrate it to the memory of the various triumphs 
 of the French army. This project was agreed to, and ex- 
 ecuted in less than four years. 
 
 The foundations of Louis's statue, built upon piles of about 
 thirty feetin length, being judged sufficiently solid to sup- 
 port this enormous mass, the column was accordingly raised 
 thereon. 
 
 Its height is so lofty that the summit may be seen in all 
 the environs and nearly in every part of Paris. 
 
 The south front is, as the three others, divided in to two com- 
 partments ; in the centre is the door leading to the interior 
 staircase, which consists of one hundred and seventy-six 
 steps. 
 
 The door is of massy bronze, and seven feet in height, 
 above which we read the following inscription, composed 
 by Visconti : 
 
 NEAPOLIO. IMP. AVG. 
 MONUMENTUM. BELLI. GERMANICI 
 
 ANNO BI.DCCCV. 
 TRIMESTRI. SPATIO. DCVTV SVO PROFLIGATI. 
 
 EX: AERE CAPTO 
 GLORIJE. EXERCITVS. MAXIMVS. DICAVIT.* 
 
 The has reliefs of the column have been executed from the 
 designs of M . Bergeret. The inscription on the plinth of the 
 capital is as follows : 
 
 " Monument eleve a la gloire de la grand arniee, par 
 Napoleon le Grand, commence le xxv. Aout 1806 ; sous la 
 direction de D. V. Denon, M. M. J. B. Lepere, et L. Gon- 
 doin architectes." 
 
 * " This monument was dedicated to the glory of the Grand 
 Army, by the august Emperor Napoleon. It is formed of the brass 
 taken from the enemy during the German campaign, which, under 
 his direction, was terminated in 1805, in the space of three months."
 
 BATTLE OF JENA. 
 
 NAPOLEON arrived at Jena on the 13th of October, 1806, 
 and soon perceived that it was the intention of the Prus- 
 sians to fight on the morrow. 
 
 Giving- orders to Davoust and Bernadotte, and waiting 
 for the heavy cavalry, not reckoning on the aid of the 
 gnard, which were at the distance of thirty hours' march, 
 he determined on commencing the attack on the enemy. 
 
 Lannes ranged his corps on a plateau in front of Jena, 
 which the Prussians had unwisely neglected. Lefebvre 
 and the imperial guard formed in square upon the summit, 
 and Napoleon bivouacked in the midst of his troops. 
 
 He offered money for every piece that was dragged on 
 to the plateau, and reminded his men that the Prussians 
 were fighting for safety and not for honour ; and that if 
 sternly resisted, they were sure to be entirely routed. 
 Such was the result ; 20,000 Prussians were either killed 
 or taken, among whom were twenty generals ; 300 guns, 
 and sixty standards, were part of the spoil.
 
 NAPOLEON AT THE TOMB OF FREDERIC 
 THE GREAT. 
 
 THE Court of Berlin had fled from Potsdam so precipitately 
 that all the treasures, &c. which it contained were left for 
 Napoleon and his army, who took possession on the 26th of 
 October 1809. Buonaparte visited Frederic's tomb ; where 
 he found his sword, sash, and the badges of several orders of 
 knighthood. These he took, saying that he preferred them 
 to all the treasures of the King of Prussia ; that he would 
 send them to the old soldiers who had served in the Hanove- 
 rian campaign, and direct that they should be placed in the 
 hospital, as memorials of the victories achieved by the grand 
 army, and as evidence of the vengeance it had taken for the 
 disasters of Rosbach.
 
 THE SWORD OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 
 
 MARSHAL DAVOUST, and the third division entered Berlin. 
 This honourable mission was the recompense for the glorious 
 part which these brave troops had taken at the battle of 
 Jena. A favour so simple, rivalling in that respect the oaken 
 chaplet of the Romans, intoxicated the soldiers who received 
 it, and they swore to be to the Emperor, what the tenth 
 legion was to Csesar. 
 
 He visited, with religious awe, the vault where the remains 
 of Frederick were deposited in a coffin of cedar-wood, encased 
 in another of brass, without ornament orpompousinscription. 
 Napoleon forbid the passage of the colours, eagles, and 
 cannon taken from the Prussians, over the place where the 
 ashes of the illustrious monarch reposed ; he might think 
 it would distress his shade, or be an insult to his tomb! 
 
 The memorable spoils of which we have spoken in giving 
 an account of Napoleon's visit to Frederick's grave, were 
 received in Paris with transport, and deposited with much 
 pomp in the Hotel of Invalids, under guard of his mutilated 
 veterans. Amongst those were yet remaining 900 who had 
 borne arms against Frederick, and they received with grati- 
 tude, presents, which renewed in their old age remembrances 
 of the army and its immortal chief. Like the warriors of 
 Sparta, they were proud of being surpassed by their children.
 
 NAPOLEON RECEIVING, AT BERLIN, THE 
 
 DEPUTATION FROM THE FRENCH 
 
 SENATE. 
 
 THE almost total annihilation of the Prussian army at the 
 battle of Jena, opened to Napoleon the gates of Berlin. On 
 the 25th of October, 1800, he was at Potsdam, and visited 
 the royal castle, Sans Souci. The Prussian Court had 
 abandoned Potsdam and Berlin so precipitately, that 
 nothing- had been removed from the king's palace. Napoleon 
 made his solemn entry into Berlin on the 27th. 
 
 The war with Prussia was thus terminated. Of the 150,000 
 men who formed the grand body of the Prussian army, seven- 
 eighths had been killed or made prisoners ; and the army of 
 Frederic-William now consisted only of about 20,000 men, 
 infantry and cavalry. The king, the queen, and some of his 
 generals who had sought an asylum in Koenigsberg, seemed 
 to be reduced to a situation so deplorable that they had no 
 other resource than to throw themselves on the generosity 
 of the conqueror, and to sue for peace. This was granted. 
 
 The French senate complimented the Emperor on his 
 success ; and received in exchange the ensigns won from the 
 enemy in that splendid campaign. Three hundred and forty 
 banners and standards taken at Jena, as well as the sword, 
 scarf, collar, and ribbon of Frederic the Great, were sent to 
 the deputies to be placed under their care in the Hopital des 
 Invalides.
 
 NAPOLEON'S CLEMENCY TO PRINCE 
 HATZFELD. 
 
 PRINCE HATZFELD, the Prussian Governor of Berlin, at 
 the time that city was taken by the French, imprudently 
 conveyed to Prince Hohenloe, by letter, certain information 
 respecting the movements and condition of the French 
 army. This letter was intercepted ; upon which Napoleon 
 directed the appointment of a military commission to try 
 the Prince on the charge of treason and espionage. 
 
 Previous to the execution of the commission, however, 
 the Princess Hatzfeld sought and gained admittance to 
 the presence of the Emperor, by the aid of Duroc. She 
 was enceinte ; Napoleon appeared touched by her situation ; 
 and directed his aid-de-camp to write to Marshal Davoust, 
 who was at the head of the commission, to suspend judg- 
 ment. 
 
 The Princess protested the innocence of her husband. 
 Napoleon said with kindness, " Your husband has placed 
 himself in an awkward situation ; according to our laws 
 ne merits death." Then taking his letter, he requested her 
 to read it. The Princess trembled with fear. Napoleon 
 took the letter again, and threw it into the fire ; saying 
 " Now, Madam, I have no proof of your husband's crime 
 he is pardoned !" 
 
 It is said that the family O f the Prince remember this 
 instance of clemency with lively gratitude, and have taken 
 great interest in the misfortunes of Napoleon, and honour 
 his memory now that he is no more. Oct. 29, 1806.
 
 ROUTE OF THE SIMPLON. 
 
 " THE early history of the Pass of the Simplon is involved 
 in much obscurity, and nothing certain is known even of 
 the origin of its name. Its future importance will be re- 
 ferred to Napoleon only, under whose orders the present 
 road was constructed. 
 
 " The new route of the Simplon was, in its intention and 
 execution, a military work. It was determined upon imme- 
 diately after the battle of Marengo, whilst the difficulties 
 of the passage of the Great St. Bernard, and the almost fatal 
 check of Fort Bard were fresh in the recollection of Napo- 
 leon. It was executed between 1800 and 1807, under the 
 direction of M. Ceard, the engineer-in-chief of the depart- 
 ment of Leman, by whom the route was carried on and 
 completed. It now exhibits one of the most extraordinary 
 and daring achievements of man." Brockedorfs Appendix.
 
 HOGA HH7.KZ S1M^ 
 CAM [> UEI. SIMI'L
 
 THE FIELD OF BATTLE EYLAU. 
 
 THE battle of Eylau, fought on the 8th of February, 1807 
 was a scene of carnage which lasted from morning until 
 night, and the result presented a most horrible scene. Let 
 any one imagine to himself, upon the space of a square 
 league, nine or ten thousand dead bodies, four or five thou- 
 sand horses killed, whole lines of Russian knapsacks, bro- 
 ken pieces of muskets and sabres, the ground covered with 
 cannon balls, howitzer shells, and ammunition, twenty-four 
 pieces of cannon, near which were lying the bodies of their 
 drivers, killed at the moment when they were striving to 
 carry them off 1 and all this was the more conspicuous, as 
 the ground was covered with snow. 
 
 About noon on the 9th, Napoleon rode over the field. 
 The Emperor stopped continually to question the wounded, 
 to console and succour as many as possible. The Russians, 
 instead of the death they expected, found a generous con- 
 queror, and prostrating themselves before him, held up 
 their hands in token of their gratitude. 
 
 The Emperor, mounted upon a light bay horse, was ac- 
 companied by Princes Murat and Berthier, Marshals Soult, 
 Davoust, Bessieres, and General Caulaincourt, Mouton, 
 Gardaune, and Le Brun. 
 
 The original painting of this subject, by M. Gros, is now 
 in the Luxembourg, and measures 10 feet by 4.
 
 BATTLE OF FRIEDLAND. 
 
 ON the 14th of June, 1807, the Russian General was com- 
 pelled to accept the battle. " This is a day of good fortune," 
 said the French Emperor ; " it is the anniversary of the 
 battle of MarengoP Believing 1 that they had 15,000 men 
 opposed to them, the Russians continued to march upon 
 Kcenigsberg : but at five o'clock in the evening the diffe- 
 rent bodies of troops were in their place. Napoleon recon- 
 noitred their positions, and decided to raze the city of 
 Friedland ; and Ney commenced operations. A battery 
 of thirty cannon, placed in the centre, was the cause of 
 severe loss to the Russians. The imperial Russian guard 
 lying in ambush in a ravine, intrepidly advanced, and 
 charged the left wing of Ney's division, which was for a 
 moment broken ; but Dupont's division marched upon them 
 and committed a most horrible carnage among them. He 
 would have made an attack upon their centre, but Lannes 
 received them at the point of the bayonet. The field of 
 battle at the conclusion was dreadful to behold ; the Rus- 
 sians lost 18,000 men, while the French were minus only 
 from 4 to 5000; 120 pieces of cannon, 20,000 prisoners, 
 and an immense number of ensigns remained in the hands 
 of the French.
 
 NAPOLEON RECEIVING THE QUEEN OF 
 PRUSSIA AT TILSIT. 
 
 NAPOLEON has been accused of having hastened the death 
 of this beautiful Princess by his treatment of her at Tilsit. 
 It is said he admitted, that if she had been present at the 
 commencement of the negotiations for peace, she would have 
 had considerable influence upon their result. Napoleon ob- 
 served that she received him in true tragic style demand- 
 ing, crying for justice, &c. 
 
 The Prussians were blind to Buonaparte's power. They 
 had dared to combat with a hero ! to oppose themselves to 
 the destinies of France, and reject the friendship of Napo- 
 leon. The Queen solicited, supplicated, and implored ; but 
 in vain. Magdeburg, above all, was the object shesoughtfor. 
 
 The Emperor asked the Queen to dinner. Before they 
 were seated, he took a very beautiful rose, and presented it to 
 the Queen. The motion of her hand seemed to express a 
 refusal ; but rousing herself she said, " Oui, inais au mains 
 avec Magdeburg." On this, the cruel Emperor replied, 
 " I should observe to your Majesty, that it is I who give, 
 and you who are to receive it." The dinner passed off in 
 conversation indicative of similar temper. 
 
 On the morrow the Queen was not more happy ; and was 
 much enraged on learning that the treaty deprived her of 
 Magdeburg. She appears to have parted from the French 
 Emperor with a feeling of perfect hatred.
 
 PASSAGE OF SOMO SIERRA. 
 
 ON the 29th of November, 1808, the French head-quarters 
 were at the village of Bocequilas. They found the pass of 
 Somo Sierra, forming 1 part of the chain of mountains named 
 Caiyetanos, and which traverses the main road to Castile, 
 taken possession of by the enemy. The Spaniards could 
 not have chosen a stronger position " the defile was nar- 
 row, and excessively steep ; and the road completely swept 
 by sixteen pieces of artillery." At day-break, on the 1st 
 of December, the French endeavoured to turn the flanks of 
 St. Juan. Whilst the infantry were vainly attempting to 
 ascend the heights in every direction, sustaining a double 
 fire from the artillery and the Spanish musketry, Napoleon 
 came up, attended by his Polish lancers. The emperor 
 stood in the entrance of the pass, and attentively examined 
 the enemy's position. While thus occupied, the Spanish 
 fire was redoubled in intensity numerous bullets falling 
 around the emperor, or passing over his head. Sensible 01 
 the disadvantages under which the troops laboured, he de- 
 cided on taking a most bold and daring course : he ordered 
 his own squadron of Polish lancers to charge right up the 
 pass, in face of the battery. This brave troop, conducted 
 by Kozietulski, threw itself into columns of four and four, 
 the way not admitting more at once. The columns were 
 driven back by the violent fire from the battery and of the 
 Spanish marksmen ; but Count Krasinski, and Colonel 
 Dautancourt, who followed him at the head of the other 
 squadrons of the regiment, rallied them by their presence, 
 and they precipitated themselves anew into the pass. As- 
 cending the mountain at a gallop, notwithstanding a shower 
 of shot and a most frightful cross-fire of musquetry, they 
 overthrew every obstacle, and at length carried the appa- 
 rently inaccessible position of the enemy. The Spanish in- 
 fantry threw down their arms, abandoned their entrench- 
 ments, and fled. The Poles speared the gunners, and took 
 possession of the cannon, and the Spaniards continued 
 their flight in such disorder, that they were at last fain to 
 quit the road to Madrid, and escape in the direction, some 
 of Segovia, others of Talaveyra. 
 
 This brilliant charge is considered by the French to be 
 the most astonishing and most daring feat which cavalry 
 ever achieved, and won so much glory for the regiment 
 which performed it, that it has ever since been associated 
 with the dlite of the old French soldiery
 
 NAPOLEON WOUNDED BEFORE RATISBON. 
 
 IN the space of five days, Napoleon frustrated the efforts of 
 the Austrians, with whom were allied, perhaps, the greater 
 Dart of Germany ; and a defensive war upon their own 
 territory seemed now to be their only resource. 
 
 At the battle of Eckmulh, the French took 1500 prisoners, 
 and sixteen pieces of cannon ; and the Austrian army lost 
 nearly 5000 men, killed or wounded ; while the loss of the 
 French and their allies amounted to about 2000 men, killed 
 and wounded, of nearly equal proportions. 
 
 Napoleon was wounded in the right foot, at Ratisbon. He 
 expressed his surprise at the dexterous management of the 
 enemy's gun, which had reached him, though seated upon a 
 little hillock beyond the range of their fire. Too impatient 
 to allow sufficient time for the dressing of the wound, he 
 mounted his horse in haste, and restored the confidence of 
 the army, which had been somewhat staggered at this dis- 
 aster, by riding among the lines. April 23, 1809.
 
 TAKING OF RATISBON. 
 
 ON the 24th of April 1809, Napoleon compelled the Austrians 
 to fall back to Ratisbon. The Archduke Charles gave orders 
 that the city should hold out till night, when the general 
 and his troops were to retire. Being surrounded by a wall, with 
 the additional protection of a moat and counterscarp, the town 
 was suffitiently fortified to maintain its defence until that 
 time, had not an accidental discovery favoured the enemy. 
 Scarcely had they arrived at the edge of the moat when 
 some French officers observed a breach in the wall, and 
 communicated their discovery to Marshal Lannes, who, with 
 his usual impetuosity, seized a ladder and descended into 
 the ditch, exclaiming to the battalion under his command, 
 " I will shew you that your general is still a grenadier." 
 NVith these words, he rushed through the breach into the 
 city, followed by his soldiers, who threw open one of the 
 gates. The French poured in at this opening, and ultimately 
 drove the Austrians out of Ratisbon, taking much cannon, 
 baggage, and prisoners which were left in their hands.
 
 5 I' 
 
 . 
 
 I 
 
 n &
 
 BATTLE OF ESSLING AND ASPERNE. 
 
 ON the 19th of May, 1809, Napoleon took possession of the 
 villages of Asperne and Essling, with so little apparent 
 opposition, that it was evident the Archduke wished the 
 unavoidable battle to take place with the river between his 
 enemy and Vienna. 
 
 On the 21st of May, at day-break, the Archduke Charles 
 appeared on a rising ground, separated by a considerable 
 tract of land from the French, whose army consisted of 
 20,000 men. The Austrians commenced by a furious assault 
 on the village of Asperne, which was taken and re-taken 
 several times. Essling was also attacked three times ; but 
 there the French retained entire possession. 
 
 Night interrupted the action ; the Austrians exulting in 
 their partial success. On the re- commencement of the 
 battle on the following morning the French recovered the 
 church of Asperne. The right wing of the Austrians re- 
 newed their assaults with increased energy on that point. 
 Napoleon seeing them in such numbers, judged that the 
 centre and left had been reduced, in order to strengthen the 
 right wing, and instantly moved an immense body on the 
 Austrian centre, so as to shake the Archduke's line, and for 
 a few minutes victory seemed secure. From this time 
 the battle continued with varied success ; the Austrians at 
 length succeeded in destroying the bridge connecting the 
 island of Lobau with the right bank. On this Napoleon 
 fell back on Lobau : when the Austrians perceiving their 
 backward movement, recovered their order and zeal, 
 charged in turn, and finally made themselves masters of 
 Asperne. 
 
 Napoleon, driven back, and cooped up in Lobau, took 
 advantage of the cessation of warfare to prepare for a future 
 engagement. 
 
 In this sanguinary battle perished two heroes, the best 
 friends of Napoleon, Lannes and St. Hilaire.
 
 REVIEW OF THE 18-rii BRUMAIRE. 
 
 Ox the 17th Brumaire (9th November, 1799), Napoleon in- 
 timated to the officers of the army, that he would receive 
 them on the morrow at six o'clock, and to the regiments 
 that he would review them the same morning at seven o' 
 clock ; he at the same time reminded all the generals who 
 had been with him in Egypt, and whose sentiments he knew, 
 that he would be glad to see them at an early hour. 
 
 On the 10th November, the Council of the Ancients as- 
 sembled at seven o'clock in the morning ; when it was pro- 
 posed to remove their sitting to St. Cloud, and that Napoleon 
 might be invested with the command of the 17th military 
 division, and charged with the execution of that order. The 
 motion passed into a decree, though not without a strong 
 opposition. 
 
 An hour after, Napoleon, surrounded by a great number 
 of generals and officers, of every grade, attended at the bar 
 of the assembly to return thanks for the confidence they had 
 placed in him ; and then returned to the Tuileries to review 
 the troops. 
 
 It was soon reported throughout the capital that Napo- 
 leon was at the Tuileries, and that the chief power was now 
 vested in him. The people ran to the Tuileries in crowds. 
 A proclamation was addressed to the people, and another to 
 the soldiers.
 
 SKIRMISH BETWEEN FRENCH OUTPOSTS 
 AND A SPANISH GUERILLA. 
 
 THE French army, spread over all the provinces of the 
 Peninsula, was surrounded by enemies ; but could encoun- 
 ter none. The guerillas shewed themselves on every side, 
 they could not be come at any where. Invisible foes, pro- 
 teus-like, hydras ceaselessly renewed, they dispersed or 
 rallied at the voice of their chiefs. Well-informed on all 
 points, our most trivial movements were signaled to them, 
 and prompt and faithful reports reached them by the care 
 and address of the peasants. Was a weak garrison left in 
 a small village, it was next day swept away by a guerilla ! 
 Was any considerable force of troops led against these free- 
 booters, not a soul was to be met. At the order of the 
 chiefs the soldiers concealed their arms, and dispersed, but 
 only to unite at a totally opposite point ! Arrived at the 
 rendezvous, they find other arms, and cause us fresh losses. 
 Mark well the Spanish guerilla, the fjuerillcro of the Penin- 
 sula, the kleft of the Greeks, and the bandit of Italy, such 
 as are known to be men of spirit, and think not that this 
 insurgent is looked on with an unfavourable eye in his 
 country ; far otherwise, he renders them too many services, 
 and performs his business with too much conscience, not to 
 be occasionally visited with notions of valour and glory. 
 He assassinates, martyrs, and mutilates ; but thinks no 
 offering more acceptable to one of the old saints he invokes, 
 or to his guardian patron. 
 
 Men of great ability have been guerilla chiefs, Mina 
 and Zumalacarregui commanded bands of them. Against 
 such men, and with bands such as are formed in Spain, 
 you may present armies admirably organized and disci- 
 plined ; and you will see them decimated by degrees, and 
 finally annihilated. 
 
 The guerilla ! it is the man of the people, the citizen, 
 and the patriot who will not bear a foreign yoke, nor ac- 
 cept a party who has nothing in common with them. These; 
 men are brave, they are cruel also ; and the same atrocities 
 committed on the French, were exercised towards their 
 fellow citizens. 
 
 Look at the Christines and the Carlist guerillas ; it is a 
 war to the death between two champions, each having 
 African blood in their veins, whom civilization will one day 
 render less energetic, less brave, and it is true, less cruel 
 also. Who knows but that they may become slaves of a 
 foreign despot. * * He sheds his blood, and sacrifices 
 his life, and rarely does the object aimed at promise him 
 permanent happiness, or that period arrive which his heated 
 imagination had incessantly pictured to him. 
 This picture is from the Orleans Gallery.
 
 THE WOUNDED SOLDIERS. 
 
 THE devotion shewn to the memory of Napoleon, by the 
 spirited painter of the original picture from which this is 
 copied, has been profitable to that talented artist. Few of 
 his contemporaries have succeeded better than M. Bel- 
 lange, in depicting 1 subjects which illustrate the " Grand 
 Imperial Epoch."* 
 
 This picture is well conceived, free and natural. It is a 
 scene which occurred repeatedly on the battle-field in Na- 
 poleon's campaigns. " Vive I'Empereur" let the wound be 
 slight or mortal ; " Vive I'Empereur .'" was the wounded 
 soldier's cry, though scarcely able to see his Captain as he 
 passed. " With such devotion as this, what had not the 
 ' Grand Hommc' to hope for ! These were not the soldiers 
 to abandon him. Honour, rank, riches, were not able to 
 corrupt them. And if they had not been so patriotic ; if 
 they had not been models of military discipline ; what 
 would they not have undertaken for the person of their 
 General, for him who had led them to victory and glory. 
 Poor fellows ! humble labourers in the vast plain of a great 
 architect, you assisted in raising the great monument ; 
 your task should not have been without recompense. 
 
 " You, and your old parents, should have found your em- 
 peror ; he had not forgotten you. Soldiers of Egypt ! you 
 know it, and are able to tell us, has he left you without the 
 necessaries of life ? All the old veterans would have had 
 their reward. Vive TEmpercur ! would have been repeated 
 by thousands of recognising voices. The Grand Homme 
 would not have been sent to die upon the desert rock of St. 
 Helena, if he had always been surrounded by his brave 
 soldiers." 
 
 * This celebrated artist has produced a variety of lithographic illustrations- 
 of Napoleon's extraordinary career, equally remarkable for the felicity of their 
 conception and iheir spirited execution.
 
 DEATH OF MONTEBELLO. 
 
 LANNES was born at Lectour, in 1769, of a poor and obscure 
 family. He joined the Republican army, and made his first 
 campaign in the Eastern Pyrenees. " // etait alors un pig- 
 mee, ildcvint un geant plus tard." Napoleon so said of the 
 hero who was attached to him alike in his good and in his 
 adverse fortune. 
 
 A Colonel in 1795, he followed Buonaparte in Italy, where 
 he distinguished himself in the battles of Millesimo, Lodi, 
 and Arcola. He was Brigadier-General at Pavia, where he 
 took two of the enemy's flags. He was opposed to the 
 Papal troops, which he beat at Immola. He then accom- 
 panied Napoleon into Egypt, where he was named General 
 of a division. At Aboukir, he exhibited uncommon intre- 
 pidity. He returned with him to France, and took an active 
 part in the occurrences of the 18th Brumaire. He again 
 signalized hinself at Marengo, and at the battle of Monte- 
 bello, in 1804 ; where he was created a Peer by the title of 
 Duke of Montebello, having already received a Marshal's 
 baton. From that time he continued to take an active 
 part in various campaigns, and commanded at the siege of 
 Saragoza, in 1809. 
 
 His last campaign was not the least glorious of his mili- 
 tary career. At the battle of Essling, 22nd of May, 1809, 
 he was mortally wounded at the very moment he was shew- 
 ing to the troops a wonderful example of firmness and 
 heroic courage. 
 
 Napoleon sent his body to Paris, where the greatest 
 funeral honours were paid to the remains of this faithful 
 and unfortunate companion of his glory.
 
 THE PEASANT OF THE RHINE. 
 
 SOME time after his alliance with the house of Austria, 
 Napoleon, with the view perhaps of making the new em- 
 press known and popular, accompanied her in several ex- 
 cursions. One day whilst walking on the banks of the 
 Rhine, he took a fancy to dine on one of its islands. They 
 sat down to table. A little farm was in the neighbourhood. 
 Napoleon desired to see the farmer, and despatched a mes- 
 senger to summon him. Full of surprise, and doubtful, the 
 poor peasant hesitated to approach the emperor ; he ad- 
 vanced awkwardly, and his countenance fully expressed 
 the embarrassment he suffered, and was unable to overcome. 
 Napoleon questioned him respecting his farm, his family, 
 and his necessities. The poor fellow could scarce find 
 words to reply. The emperor kindly encouraged him, and 
 offered him something to drink, when the farmer, abashed 
 by so much honour, hardly dared carry the glass to his lips ; 
 he attempted several times, and as often failed. At length 
 he overcame his fear, and not only did he give every infor- 
 mation that was required of him, but ventured to point out 
 changes which he would be glad to see. 1810.
 
 LE PAYSAN DU RH1N . 
 
 THE PKASANT Of THE HH3NT. . 
 DEH KHEmi.iNUISCHF. bADKK. 
 
 CTTLOP /. NAh KKNU. 
 EL PAISiSO DEL RIS
 
 BATTLE OF MOSCOW. 
 
 NEAR the end of August, 1812, Napoleon arrived on an 
 elevated plain, called Borodino, which the Russians had 
 previously secured with lines and batteries. 
 
 The Emperor passed the night before the battle in giving 
 orders. At day-break he was on foot, and summoned 
 Caulaincourt (Auguste) to his presence. Throwing aside 
 the curtains of his tent, he advanced towards his officers, 
 who had already assembled in great numbers. " It is 
 somewhat cold,'' said he, " but behold a splendid sun ! 
 It is the sun of Austerlitz !" Each one answered in the 
 same spirit, by some allusions to this happy presage. 
 
 Previous to this engagement, September 6th, Napoleon 
 issued the following address : 
 
 " Soldiers ! This is the conflict which you have so much 
 desired. The victory depends upon you. Victory is ne- 
 cessary to us it will yield us plenty good quarters and 
 ensure a speedy return to France. Act as you did at Aus- 
 terlitz, at Friedland, at Vitepsk, and at Smolensk ; and the 
 most remote posterity shall refer with pride to your conduct 
 on this occasion. It shall be said of each of you, ' He was 
 in the great battle fought on the plains of Moscow !' " 
 
 The battle raged with much fury, both on the part of the 
 Russians and the French ; but at four o'clock in the after- 
 noon the latter had driven Koutaisoff from the ground he 
 originally occupied, and remained master of the field. 
 
 " This battle," says the French historian, " opened to 
 Napoleon the gates of Moscow ! Alas ! that this new vic- 
 tory should have been so fatal to us!"
 
 RETREAT FROM MOSCOW. 
 
 ON the 24th of October, 1809, Napoleon, in effecting his 
 retreat from Moscow, rose early in the morning to recon- 
 noitre. While occupied in this hazardous duty, a party of 
 Cossacks was observed rapidly approaching, when Rapp 
 said to the Emperor, at the same time seizing the reins 
 of his bridle, " It is the Cossacks ; you must turn back." 
 Napoleon refused to retreat, and placed himself, with his 
 attendants, on the highway side. The Cossacks, being more 
 intent on plunder than prisoners, passed within lance's 
 length, and failing to observe the inestimable prey which 
 was within their grasp, threw themselves upon some car- 
 riages, which were more attractive. This retreat is well 
 known to have been most disastrous to the French army 
 the cold and privations were extreme. The men sank under 
 the heavy sufferings they were compelled to endure their 
 route was marked by dead bodies ; and the whole presented 
 a scene of greater misery than can possibly be conceived.
 
 CHACUN SON METIER. 
 
 ONE day Napoleon, followed by three or four officers, passed 
 through the market on his return to the Tuileries. The 
 customary acclamations were not wanting. A greengrocer 
 cried out that he ought to make peace : " Good woman," 
 answered the Emperor, smiling, " continue selling your 
 cabbages, and leave me to do that which concerns me, 
 every man to his own business." At this the crowd laughed 
 and shouted, " Vive VEmpereur!" 1813.
 
 , fe; 
 
 >
 
 NAPOLEON AT LUTZEN. 
 
 THE misfortunes at Moscow had disappointed the French 
 nation ; the 29th bulletin was published at Paris when Na- 
 poleon arrived at the Tuileries ; he alone could save the 
 country, he only could repair the disasters of the grand 
 army ! France was not indifferent to the voice of her chief ; 
 she knew well how to value his ardent patriotism. 
 
 The Emperor opened a new campaign, in which he com- 
 manded 250,000 men. He did not deceive himself on the 
 crisis which menaced France ; he therefore decided to at- 
 tempt everything, and, if needful, to make political sacri- 
 fices in his comprehensive policy, if the chances of war 
 were against him. 
 
 Napoleon opened the campaign on the 2d May, 1813, by 
 gaining the battle of Lutzen ; a surprising victory, and 
 one that acquired for him immortal honour. General Ma- 
 rengo had not lost his genius; and the valorous youth 
 whom he commanded understood him well, performing 
 actions which astonished the old soldiers of Italy and 
 Egypt. Without cavalry, you might have seen masses 
 of infantry, advancing in squadrons, flanked by heavy ar- 
 tillery, and seeming like moveable fortresses. 81,000 foot 
 and 4000 horsemen combatting 107,000 Russians or Prus- 
 sians, of which more than 20,000 were cavalry. Alexander 
 and the King of Prussia were there in person ; and their 
 old guards, so vain and so proud, were not able to contend 
 against French conscripts. 
 
 For a moment the centre of some battalions of young 
 soldiers were disbanding, when Napoleon throwing himself 
 in the midst of them, harangued them thus : " It is no- 
 thing, my children : stand firm, your country beholds you ! 
 Know how to die for her ! When death is not feared, we 
 make our entrance into the enemy's ranks." At these 
 words, they resumed their ranks, and made a last effort, 
 which was crowned with victory.
 
 

 
 THE REDOUBT OF KABRUNN. 
 
 THE brave Captain Chambure commanded a very select 
 troop called the Compagnie Franche, or Lcs Efans 
 pedus. 
 
 On the attack of the advanced guard, Frioul, whom the 
 enemy secured, Chambure flew to his assistance, threw him- 
 self into the redoubt, and cut the Russians in pieces, not 
 one escaped, for those who avoided the bayonet fell under 
 the fire of the battalions conducted by Clamon and Du- 
 bowski. 
 
 A lieutenant, Connard, shewed extraordinary coolness on 
 this occasion ; a ball having shattered his shoulder he con- 
 tinued to fight, throwing himself into the hottest of the 
 battle. Chambure observing this, said, " You are wounded, 
 your place is not here ; go, and tell the General we are in 
 the redoubt." " Captain," answered the lieutenant, " I. 
 have still my right arm ; you have only the left !" And 
 with this he re-entered the battle. 
 
 Chambure, at the head of his intrepid company, and in 
 the middle of a foggy night, glided from tree to tree 
 along the avenue of Langfuhr, and approached the Rus- 
 sians without being perceived. He leaped at once in their 
 works, killed numbers of the enemy, and pursued the re- 
 mainder even to Kabrunn. 
 
 At this place he wrote as follows to the Prince of Wur- 
 temberg : 
 
 " Prince, your bombs have disturbed my sleep. I have 
 resolved to make a sortie and spike the mortars which 
 threw them. Experience shall teach you, Prince, that it is 
 dangerous to rouse the sleeping lion. 
 
 " AUG. DE CHAMBURE." 
 " Minuit. Nov. 6. 1813."
 
 r
 
 DEATH OF PONIATOWSKI. 
 
 IN escaping from the field of Leipzig 1 , Poniatowski at- 
 tempted to cross the Elster by swimming, but unfortunately 
 was drowned. Vernet has given us an admirable scene, 
 and has conveyed in lines not to be mistaken, the courage 
 and fearlessness of the General in his daring attempt. 
 
 Previous to the battle of Leipzig, which occurred on the 
 19th November, 1813, Poniatowski had received his orders 
 from Napoleon, and on leaving him observed " we are all 
 ready to die for your majesty."
 
 
 Nan 8
 
 FILIAL ANXIETY OF A CONSCRIPT. 
 
 DURING the campaign of 1814, the services of every French 
 soldier were required for the defence of that empire, then 
 invaded in all quarters. On one occasion, as Napoleon was 
 passing along the front of the line on horseback, a soldier 
 stepped out of the ranks, and presented his arms ; " Sire," 
 said he, in offering a petition to the emperor's notice, " my 
 mother is old and infirm, and is dependent solely on my 
 labpurs for subsistence." Napoleon was forcibly struck with 
 these words, uttered with timidity, as though the man had felt 
 the want of an excuse. He took the petition and proceeded ; 
 and on arriving at head-quarters, his first care was to read the 
 petition, which stated that the soldier's poor mother was in 
 great necessity ; that her only son, who supported her, was 
 called upon to fight for his country : and that he now sought 
 permission to return and perform his first and most important 
 duty. On this, Napoleon issued an order to the sub-prefect of 
 the arrondissement where the old woman resided, to seek her 
 out, and to tell her that the emperor would take her under 
 his protection, and give her 1200 francs with a pension. At 
 the same time the poor fellow's colonel was directed to tell 
 him to be at ease on his mother's account, as the emperor 
 would provide for her, but his services could not be dispensed 
 with, as soldiers were required to oppose the enemies of 
 his country.
 
 SIKK MA MERE KST VIEILI.P. ET INKIRMK. 
 E. Mr .V'/rtCKR IS AS OLJD ASD LBfTKM WOMAN.
 
 BATTLE OF HANAU. 
 
 THE Austro-Bavarians bad taken up their position amidst 
 the woods near Hanau before the Emperor approached the 
 Mayne. He came up with them in the morning of the 
 30th, and his troops charged on the instant with the fury of 
 desperation. Buonaparte cut his way through ere night- 
 fall ; and Marmont, with the rear, had equal success on 
 the 31st. In these actions there fell 6000 of the French ; 
 while the enemy had 10,000 killed or wounded, and lost 
 4000 prisoners ; and these losses would have heen far 
 greater, but for the ready wit of a patriotic miller, who, 
 watching the tide of battle, suddenly let the water into a 
 mill-stream, and thus interposed a seasonable obstacle 
 between the French cavalry and some German infantry, 
 whom they had been driving before them ; a service which 
 was munificently rewarded by the King of Prussia at an 
 after period. 
 
 " The pursuit on the road which Napoleon adopted had 
 been entrusted to the Austrians, who urged it with far less 
 vigour than the Prussians, under the fiery guidance of 
 Blucher, would probably have exerted. No considerable 
 annoyance, therefore, succeeded the battle of Hanau. The 
 relics of the French host at length passed the Rhine ; and 
 the Emperor having quitted them at Mentz, arrived in 
 Paris on the 9th of November." 
 
 Thus terminated the campaign in Saxony. 
 
 The moment the artist has chosen to represent, is when 
 General Dourot would have been killed by a light-horse 
 Bavarian, if, at the instant the French general was about 
 to receive the blow, a cannonier had not cut the Bavarian's 
 horse-reins by a stroke with his levicr depointage.
 
 BATTLE OF MONTMIRAIL. 
 
 ON the llth of February, 1814, Napoleon arrived before 
 Montmirail. At eleven o'clock the Allies formed them- 
 selves in battle array. The French divisions arrived suc- 
 cessively, and Napoleon was willing to have waited for the 
 whole, but at three o'clock (night approaching), he directed 
 the Duke of Treviso to bear down on Montmirail. General 
 Friant, with four battalions of the old guard, received 
 orders to attack the Farm of 1'Epine- au-Bois, a position on 
 which depended the success of the day, and which was de- 
 fended by the Allies with forty pieces of cannon. To ren- 
 der this attack more easy, Napoleon ordered General 
 Nansouty to extend his troops upon the right, to oblige 
 the Allies to thin their centre. At the same time, Napo- 
 leon directed that part of the village of Marchais should be 
 yielded, when the Russian and Prussian troops were 
 charged briskly in the centre by the old guard, which were 
 commanded by Marshal Ney. The tirailleurs fled in dis- 
 may ; and the artillery could no longer be used with effect ; 
 but the fusillade became dreadful. This success, however, 
 was counterbalanced when the lancers, the old dragoons 
 and the grenadiers of the guard arrived in the rear of the 
 infantry, and breaking their lines, threw them into disorder, 
 and killed or made prisoners the whole body. The Duke 
 of Treviso seized upon the village of Fontenelle, that of 
 Marchais was attacked on both sides, and all the inhabi- 
 tants were either killed or taken prisoners. In less than a 
 quarter of an hour the most profound silence succeeded to 
 the fusillade. The Allies sought refuge in flight ; this con- 
 flict cost them 8000 men killed or made prisoners, while the 
 loss of the French was comparatively trifling.
 
 NAPOLEON AT AUCIS-SUR-AUBE. 
 
 IN the night between the 16th and 17th of February, 1814, 
 Napoleon, accompanied by a small escort of Polish lancers, 
 reconnoitred the enemy's line, when, on leaving Arcis, he 
 was attacked by a corps of Russian cuirassiers, and Cos- 
 sacks. The Poles, commanded by Skrzinecki, their captain, 
 rapidly formed into square about the emperor ; and, though 
 the enemy in their front were supposed to be six times their 
 number, they succeeded in repulsing them, and rescued 
 Napoleon from his imminent danger.
 
 NAPOLEON AT MONTE RE AU. 
 
 THE Emperor is here seen pointing- a cannon. This was 
 not the first occasion on which he had served a piece of 
 artillery. It has been asserted by some that he was an 
 admirable marksman, while others have maintained the 
 contrary. At Montereau all the ardour of youth seemed to 
 revive within him, and his military genius appeared as 
 vigorous as in his early engagements. 
 
 On the 18th February, 1814, General Briancks had 
 taken his position with two divisions of Austrians, and 
 two of Wirtembergians, upon the heights before Montereau, 
 covering the bridges of the city. General Chateau at- 
 tacked him in vain, and was obliged to retire. The troops 
 commanded by General Gerard sustained the combat all 
 the morning. Napoleon arrived at the field of battle, and 
 immediately attacked the platform. General Pajol charged 
 the Allied army, and drove the troops into the Siene and 
 Yonne. The effect of these successive charges was to drive 
 General Bianchi, who lost 9,000 men, in every direction. 
 The French filed over the bridges which the Allies had not 
 been able to destroy. 
 
 This series of unexpected triumphs revived the hopes of 
 Napoleon. Instead of the doubtful battle which he would 
 willingly have avoided, he had to recount four memorable 
 victories : namely those of Mormant, Valjouan, Montmi- 
 rail, and Montereau. 
 
 At the close of the last decisive combat, Napoleon ob- 
 served " My heart is satisfied. I will return to preserve 
 the capital of my empire."
 
 SKIRMISH BARRIERE DE CLICHY. 
 
 PREVIOUS to Napoleon's abdication of the French throne, 
 the Allied army had approached and even entered Paris, 
 and taking 1 possession of the Faubourg des Batiffnolles, 
 compelled the National Guard to repair to the Barriere de 
 Clichy, where some slight skirmishing occurred, until it 
 was announced that an armistice would forthwith be made. 
 This armistice was the precursor of those treaties in 
 which Napoleon gave in his unconditional abdication, and 
 retired on a pension, to the Isle of Elba, whence shortly 
 after he succeeded in making his escape, and once more, 
 though fortunately for the last time, disturbed the peace 
 of Europe.
 
 NAPOLEON LEAVES FONTAINBLEAU. 
 
 ON the 20th April, 1814, every thing was in readiness for 
 Buonaparte to quit Fontainbleau. He desired that the 
 guard should be summoned. Napoleon advancing- towards 
 them, signified that he would speak to them, when uni- 
 versal silence immediately prevailed. 
 
 " Soldiers ! my old guard !" said he, " I bid you adieu ! 
 For twenty-eight years I have found you constantly in the 
 way of honour and glory. In these latter times, as in the 
 days of our prosperity, you have not ceased to be models of 
 bravery and fidelity. With such men as you, our cause 
 need not be lost, but the war would be interminable ; it 
 would be a civil war, and France would be more than ever 
 unhappy ! I have, then, sacrificed all our interests to those 
 of our country ; I leave you ; you, my friends, continue 
 to serve France. Her happiness has been my only wish ; 
 it will always be the object of my prayers ! Regret me not. 
 If I am willing to live , it is only to advance your glory 
 farther. I wish to record with my pen the great things 
 we have done together ! Farewell, my children ! I would 
 wish to embrace you all I embrace your general!'' 
 General Petit brought forward the Eagle : Napoleon took 
 him in his arms and kissed the standard. " Farewell, once 
 more, my brave companions --farewell!"
 
 NAPOLEON'S RETURN FROM ELBA. 
 
 IT was about five o'clock in the afternoon of the 1st of 
 March, 1815, that Napoleon landed at Cannes, in Gulf 
 Juan. From thence he proceeded towards Paris with his 
 little army, then consisting only of 500 grenadiers of the 
 guard, 200 dragoons, and 100 Polish lancers ; these last 
 being without horses, were obliged to carry their saddles 
 on their backs. 
 
 When between Mure and Vizele, Cambronne, who com- 
 manded the advance guard of 40 grenadiers, met a batta- 
 lion which had been sent from Grenoble to arrest their 
 march. Colonel La Badoyere, who headed the battalion, 
 refused to parley with Cambronne ; upon which the Em- 
 peror, without hesitation, advanced alone ; followed at 
 some distance by 100 grenadiers with their arms reversed. 
 There was profound silence until Napoleon had approached 
 within a few paces, when he halted, and throwing open his 
 surtout exclaimed, " If there be amongst you a soldier who 
 would kill his general his emperor let him do it now ! 
 Here I am !'' The cry of Vive HEmpereur burst instanta- 
 neously from every lip. Napoleon threw himself among 
 them, and taking a veteran private, covered with cheverons 
 and medals, by the whisker, said, " Speak honestly, old 
 moustache, couldst thou have had the heart to kill thy em- 
 peror?" The man dropped his ramrod into his piece to shew 
 that it was uncharged, and answered, " Judge if I could 
 have done thee much harm, all the rest are the same."
 
 ' *
 
 NAPOLEON AT CHARLEROI. 
 
 HORACE VERNET has attempted to present us with a portrait 
 of Napoleon, such as he might be supposed to appear 
 almost on the eve of his great conflict with the Allied army. 
 Buonaparte arrived at Charleroi about 11 o'clock, on the 
 15th cf June, 1815, which place was evacuated by th 
 Prussians, under Genera Ziethen, in great haste. Napo- 
 leon ordered Marshal Ney to repair to Gosselin, and take 
 the command of the whole of the left wing of the army, 
 occupying a position beyond Quatre-Bras with 40,000 men. 
 The Prussians retired upon Fleurus. 
 
 On the 18th of June the battle of Waterloo took place !

 
 NAPOLEON AT WATERLOO. 
 
 THE battle of Waterloo is an occurrence with which all 
 England is so well acquainted, that it were superfluous to 
 give an account of it here. We may, however, mention, 
 that the destruction of the French army on that important 
 occasion, is considered by French historians to be entirely 
 the consequence of General Bourmont's desertion. The 
 project of Napoleon, we learn, was to concentrate his forces 
 upon the Allied army suddenly, and which ought to have 
 been done in the night, when the Duke of Wellington and 
 the English officers were at the ball at Brussels. 
 
 On this sanguinary field the French lost 19,000 men, 
 while the Allied army sustained a loss of 33,000 men ; 
 nearly double the number of the former.
 
 - 3 
 
 2 1
 
 A SOLDIER AT WATERLOO. 
 
 " The glory of our arms set in tne same fields, where twenty-three years 
 before it began to increase." MS.fron St. Helena. 
 
 M. JAZET has here attempted to produce a picture which 
 shall revive all the recollections of that remarkable period, 
 when the extraordinary career of Napoleon spread terror 
 wherever his name and deeds were heard of. He has re- 
 presented an old soldier fatigued and careworn, and has 
 made nature itself to sympathize with his feelings. The 
 sun is setting in the west, his crimson rays dimmed hy in- 
 tervening clouds, while the scene around is all desolation 
 and barrenness. 
 
 The picture was placed in the gallery of the Palais 
 Royal ; those who visited it readily entered into its spirit, 
 seeing there depicted the end of a grand epoch in the his- 
 tory of France.
 
 NAPOLEON IN 1815. 
 
 FORT des grands souvenirs de cinquante batailles, 
 D'un genie atteste par tant de funerailles, 
 De ce coup d' ceil si sur au milieu des combats, 
 De cette voix si chere aux coeurs de nos soldats, 
 Tu te trompes pourtant comrne un esprit vulgaire, 
 Toi 1'arbitre du monde et le dieu de la guerre ! 
 Eh ! qui fit echouer ta sublime raison ? 
 Le fantasque hasard,l'obscure trahison ! 
 
 WATERLOO, Chronique des cent jours. 
 
 HORACE VERNET has admirably conveyed in the counte- 
 nance of Napoleon all the sentiments which animated the 
 soul of " le grande homme" in the last moments of his mili- 
 tary glory. Those who saw Napoleon at Waterloo have 
 not failed to admire this painting, as well as the beautiful 
 lithographic copy of it by M. Marin Levinge. Reveil has 
 well translated it in the accompanying engraving.
 
 THE SOLDIER HUSBANDMAN. 
 
 HORACE VEBNET has here presented us with a touching- 
 picture. It is 1815 ; the conscript army is disbanded, 
 and the wretched victims of Napoleon's ambition are thrown 
 upon the hospitality of their countrymen. Many of these 
 were entirely dependent upon the bounty of others friends 
 were dead, and home they had none 
 
 No circumstances exempted the Frenchman from the 
 operation of the infamous conscription law. It might be the 
 only son of a widowed parent, or the young husband and 
 father, it mattered not ; all were alike compelled to abandon 
 home, and every tie and hope of life, at a moment's notice. 
 Eighty thousand youths under the age of twenty-one were 
 the victims of the first ballot under the law of 1798. When 
 this supply was found insufficient for Napoleon's purpose, 
 the lists of those aged twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty- 
 four, and twenty-five, were successively resorted to. 
 
 " There is nothing in the history of modern Europe so 
 remarkable," says an intelligent English writer, " as that 
 the French people should have submitted, during sixteen 
 years, to the constant operation of a despotic law, which 
 sapped all the foundations of social happiness, and con- 
 demned the rising hopes of the nation to bleed and die by 
 millions in distant wars, undertaken solely for the gratifi- 
 cation of one man's insatiable ambition."
 
 DEATH OF NAPOLEON. 
 
 " FROM the 15th to the 25th of April, Napoleon occupied 
 himself with drawing- up his last will, in which he be- 
 queathed his orders, and a specimen of every article in his 
 wardrobe, to his son. On the 18th, he gave directions for 
 opening his body after death, expressing 1 a special desire 
 that his stomach should be scrutinized, and its appearances 
 communicated to his son. ' The vomiting's/ he said, ' which 
 succeed one another without interruption, seem to show 
 that of all my organs the stomach is the most diseased. I 
 am inclined to believe it is attacked with the disorder that 
 killed my father a scirrhus in the pylorus the physcians 
 of Montpellier prophesied it would be hereditary in our 
 family.' 
 
 " On the third of May, it became evident that the scene 
 was near its close. The attendants would fain have called 
 in more medical men ; but they durst not, knowing his 
 feelings on this head : ' even had he been speechless,' said 
 one of them, ' we would not have brooked his eye.' The 
 last sacraments of the church were now administered by 
 Vignali. He lingered on thenceforth in a delirious stupor. 
 On the 4th, the island was swept by a tremendous storm, 
 which tore up almost all the trees about Longwood by the 
 roots. The 5th was another day of tempests ; and about six 
 in the evening, Napoleon having pronounced the words 
 ' tete d'armee,' passed for ever from the dreams of battle." 
 
 History of Napoleon.
 
 APOTHEOSIS. 
 
 THE conclusion of Napoleon's remarkable history is here 
 well conceived. The mound of earth surmounted by his 
 cap and sword, points out the last earthly tenement of the 
 ex-emperor ; the group upon that point of the rock which 
 juts into the sea adds considerably to the interest of the 
 scene; few have forgotten the faithful companions of Na- 
 poleon when prisoner at St. Helena. The artist, Horace 
 Vernet, has called poetry to his aid, and introduced the 
 shades of several of the departed comrades of Napoleon, 
 who assisted him in gaining that fame which will ever 
 attach to his character in the future history of European 
 nations. Two aged minstrels placed on the right of the 
 engravings, are supposed to be recounting the history of 
 his various exploits.
 
 CHAUDET'S STATUE OF NAPOLEON. 
 
 NAPOLEON was anxious to place his name on the list of 
 those Emperors of old, whose names are rendered immortal, 
 not so much by their own heroic or noble deeds as by the 
 flattering 1 notices of them in the deathless writings of poets 
 and historians. On occasion of his statue being 1 first re- 
 quired for the Column which now stands in the Place 
 Vendome, he directed that it might be attired as a senator 
 of ancient Rome, and Chaudet produced that, of which the 
 accompanying engraving is a faithful representative. It 
 lias since been removed for one in military uniform.
 
 NAPOLEON. NAPOUSO*
 
 TRIUMPHAL COLUMN. 
 
 THE canal de VOurcq was constructed for the purpose of 
 procuring an abundance of water for the French capital, 
 from whence, also, the various fountains were easily sup- 
 plied. 
 
 The Fontaine de la Victoire, built upon the Place du 
 ('hdtelet, in front of the Pont au Cliange, was one of the 
 first established. 
 
 It was also one of the first monuments raised to record 
 the glory of French arms. The architect Brasle superin- 
 tended its erection, as well as that of others of the same 
 nature, placed in different parts of Paris, as much for utility 
 as for ornament. 
 
 The conception of this is simple, and its execution leaves 
 nothing to be desired. It is full of remembrances : we 
 have seen it subdue the Russian and Prussian soldiers 
 who have been encamped around it. How many times 
 have we feared that the lever, or the petard, would be ap- 
 plied to its destruction ! But the charm of the French eagle, 
 and of Victory distributing her crowns, were there as safe- 
 guards, and served to awe the vandal conqueror. The 
 glorious deeds of the five years were there recorded as so 
 many talismans. When the famous names of Rivoli ! Lodi ! 
 Arcole! Mont-Thabor ! Pi/ramidcs! Marengo ! Austerlitz ! 
 Vim I Ei/lau! Friedland! and Dantzick! were inscribed 
 upon the column, who dare lay their sacrilegious hands 
 upon it ?
 
 SCENE IN THE FAUBOURG ST. ANTOINE, 
 PARIS. 
 
 IN the latter part of the year 1813, Napoleon rode through the 
 Faubourg St. Antoinc, accompanied by only two of his aid-de- 
 camps. He was soon recognized, and surrounded by a crowd 
 so dense as to impede his progress, and oblige him to stop 
 frequently. The features of all the people seemed to express 
 an interrogation ; as their great reverse of fortune had caused 
 general inquietude in French affairs, at length one of the 
 crowd, bolder than the rest, questioned the emperor, " Is it 
 true that affairs are so bad as they are represented to be ?" 
 To which Napoleon replied, " I regret I am not able to say 
 they go very well." " What will be the end of it ?" said 
 another. " Mafoi I God knows !" replied the emperor coolly. 
 " Will our enemies be able to enter France ?" said a third. 
 " That they may easily do, and come even to Paris, if none 
 will help me: I have not a thousand arms, and cannot prevent 
 them by myself," said Napoleon. <l We will support you !" 
 was the universal cry. " Then," said Napoleon, " I shall still 
 oppose the enemy and maintain our glory." " What shall we 
 do, then ?" asked several voices. " Enrol yourselves in the 
 army," answered the emperor. " We will do that," said one, 
 " but we will do it only conditionally." " What conditions?" 
 he inquired. " We will not pass the frontier." " Be it so.'' 
 " We wish to be of the guards." " Ah ! well, go for the 
 guards." 
 
 This was followed by reiterated acclamations, and the 
 enthusiasm appeared to be universal. That same evening 
 registers were opened, and more than three thou sand citizens 
 entered their names. This was not a vain formality, both 
 emperor and people were faithful to their engagement ; and 
 these brave volunteers fought valiantly for their country.
 
 
 
 ^* * ($ '
 
 r
 
 THE DYING SOLDIER'S FAREWELL. 
 
 THIS picture was sketched in an ambulance. The brave 
 corporal has received a mortal wound, and takes his last 
 adieu of his young- comrade. 
 
 How many a scene like this has been witnessed on the 
 battle field ! How many of the strong and the powerful 
 among mankind, have the murder-working engines of war 
 brought to a premature death ! 
 
 Belange's figures are true to nature ; there is nothing 
 outre in them ; nor any thing of the conventional mannerism 
 of the atelier, which throws so much coldness into ordinary 
 compositions. " It will be seen," says the French critic, 
 " that M. Belange will take the places of Vernet and 
 Charlet, if those gentlemen are content to repose on their 
 fame, or become indifferent to the art which they have so 
 worthily exercised."
 
 ADIEUS D'UN BRAVE . 
 
 A BRAVE BIDDING A LAST ADIEU. 
 (IBSCH1ED SINKS BHAVEN 
 
 POZBOTJARTE WAUEC7.NKGO. 
 PESPEmCADt UKVAUtNTE
 
 ARC DE TRIOMPHE DE L'ETOILE. 
 
 THIS monumental arch stands in a circular area without the 
 larriere of that name, at the end of the avenues in the 
 Champs Ely sees, and in front of the palace of the Tuileries. 
 It is of more gigantic dimensions than anything of the 
 kind hitherto erected, being 133 feet in elevation, including 
 the cornice and attic. The fronts are 134 feet in breadth, and 
 the sides 67. The principal arch is 92 feet in height, and 
 44 in breadth : the transversal arch 56 feet by 55. The 
 first stone of this edifice, which was begun by the city of 
 Paris to commemorate Napoleon's triumph over Russia, and 
 his alliance with the Emperor Alexander at Tilsit, was laid 
 on the 15th of August, 1806, under thedirection of Chalgrin. 
 From the commencement of this undertaking, the works 
 have been suspended and renewed at intervals. It is now 
 to be finished in honour of the Revolution of July, 1830.
 
 BONAPARTE. LIEUTENANT COLONEL AU 1" BATAILLON DE LA TORSE EN 179:
 
 
 NAPOLEON EMPEREUR. 
 
 NAPOLEON CESARZ.
 
 \ 
 
 
 NAPOLEON AT RES SA MORT 
 
 NAPOLEON TO SM1ERCI.



 
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