1 1918 A MANUAL of [YSICAL EXERCISE PREPARED FOR GENERAL USE iv A h \- OF': By the COMMITTEE ON PHYSICAL RESERVE of the NATIONAL SECURITY LEAGUE 19 West 44th Street New York City D EDITION ' *n COMMITTEE ON PHYSICAL RESERVE of the NATIONAL SECURITY LEAGUE WALTER CAMP, Chairman. WILLIAM G. ANDERSON, Member Advisory Committee of Yale Uni- versity Gymnasium. FRANCIS S. BANGS, New York. DR. L. B. BRIGGS, Harvard University. GEORGE J. FISHER, Director Physical Work Bureau, National Wai- Work Council of the Y. M. C. A. DR. E. L. FISK, Medical Director, Life Extension Institute. JAMES W. GERARD, Former Ambassador of Germany. CLARK W. HETHERINGT0N, State Supervisor of Physical Education (California). HARRY PRATT JUDSON, President, The University of Chicago. WILLIAM KENT, Washington, D. C. GUSTAVUS T. KIRBY, Playground and Eecreation Association of America. DR. C. H. MAYO, Rochester, Minn. JULIAN S. MYRICK, U. S. National Lawn Tennis Assn. JOSEPH E. EAYCROFT, Princeton University, Member War and Navy Department Commission of Training Camp Activities. D. A. SARGENT, President, School for Physical Education, Har- vard University. . . * A. A. STAGG! p^rector, Pepaftnje^it* of Physical Culture and Ath- letics, University of Chicago.'* .^ EDWIN FtifctER" iVniiE*', U. S.. *tational Lawn Tennis Assn. JAMES E. WEST, Chief Scout Executive, Boy Scouts of America. BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER, President, University of California. THOMAS D. WOOD. Chairman, Committee on Health Problems in Education, Columbia University. PAUL D. WILLIAMS, U. S. National Lawn Tennis Assn. PREFACE Men who have really kept themselves fit are few. Those who have conscientiously started in to do this and then abandoned it are a host! There are distinct reasons for this. First Because the antiquated systems under which these men have attempted the task have: 1. Occupied too much time. 2. Left men tired instead of refreshed. 3. Exercised muscles which get all they need in a man's ordinary pursuits. Secondly Because those who have taught these systems have laid stress upon : 1. Increase in size of the muscles. 2. Ability to do stunts which have no practical use to a man. 3. Unnecessary use of apparatus. t Thirdly Because they made too necessary the services of a teacher constantly to: 1. Lead the exercises. 2. Keep track of their number and variety. 3. Give special treatment to produce results. A jaded, exhausted man is of little use to himself or others, and it makes no difference in what part of this great scheme of ours he is placed. He becomes a weak link. Whether he be a soldier, a sailor, a factory operative, a foreman, a superintendent or an executive, his work is rendered only through his physical condition. The same is equally true of the woman. We have been sitting still as a nation until certain all compelling truths of! a startling nature were forced home upon us with a vehemence that has left us almost dazed. The examination of our people of military age, brought about by the draft, demonstrated how unfit we were to face war conditions. We were not the first to find this out, but, lulled into security through the sense of the thousands of miles separating us from the scene of conflict, and the fact that we were not then involved, we calmly folded our hands and watched others go through the waking up process, while we slum- bered on. The object of the formation of this Committee on Physical Keserve is to correct this condition throughout the land. The in- structions that follow are given in careful detail and are based on broad tests. The man or woman following them need in no way dispense with his or her own athletic pleasures golf, tennis and the like any more than men in military service dispense with their own physical work. The system is preparatory, exhili- rating, and at the same time increases the strength of the heart and lungs, the suppleness of the trunk and, finally, keeps at a high point the resistive forces of the body. ^L^ 381923 ' THE DAILY DOZEN SET-UP "A shorthand system of settirig-up exercises." [If used in pr3parir.g men for entering in service, the Leader* should march the men at quick time for five hundred yards, then face them about and bring them back for two hundred yards on the double-quick, and the remaining three hundred yards at quick time.] *While it is more interesting and better to go through these exer- cises in a group with a leader, group work is not absolutely necessary. After learning the movements the essential thing is to go through them regularly every day. The DAILY DOZEN SET-UP consists of twelve exercises which, for ease in memorizing, are divided into four groups of three exercises each. Each exercise or movement is given a name, and the names of all the movements of a group commence with the same letter, thus: I. 1. HANDS II. 1. GRIND 2. HIPS 2. GRATE 3. HEAD 3. GRASP III. 1. CRAWL IV. 1. WAVE 2. CURL 2. WEAVE 3. CROUCH 3. WING These exercises are not difficult nor exhausting, and do not demand great strength for proper execution, but they are designed, both from a scientific and practical point of view, to give exactly the right amount of exercise to every muscle of the body. They are intended to promote suppleness and especially to strengthen those muscles which are seldom brought into play in ordinary daily life. A conscientious fifteen minutes a day with the DAILY DOZEN SET-UP will soon do more for a man than any amount of skillful physical feats or "strong-man stunts." When one first practices these movements, their effect will be felt on the little-used muscles of the neck, back and stomach; yet they will not leave the pronounced muscular fatigue which follows the ordi- nary exercises, and which is of more harm than good. Any setting-up exercises should be preparatory; that is, make men ready for the serious work of their day, and in no way exhaust any portion of their vitality. This modern "short- hand" method of setting-up leaves men in an exhilarated con- dition, and, instead of taking anything out of them, prepares the body for any kind of work that is required in the service, or in every day life. Each exercise starts from the position of Eest: 1. Stand erect: with heels about 6 inches apart and directed straight forward. 2. Knees straight without stiffness. 3. Body erect on hips, inclined a little forward; shoulders square and falling equally. 4. Arms and hands hanging naturally, backs of the hands slightly forward; thumbs along the seams of the trousers; elbows a trifle out from the body. 5. Head erect and straight to the front, chin slightly drawn in without constraint, eyes straight to the front. See Fig- ure 1. The Leader takes a position facing the men who should be so placed as to give ample room for unhampered movement. Each movement should be executed in time with the orders or counting of the Leader which should, with the exception of the Speed Test, which is a catch exercise, be slow and meas- ured. These exercises do not depend upon snap for their effect, but upon steady, deliberate strain of the muscles. Any ten- dency towards hurried, careless execution should be imiiicdi ately discouraged by the Leader who should, at all times, insist upon uniformity of movement. In the following instruction, the preparatory commands are in capitals, thus: ORDER. The commands of execution are in italics, thus: Hands. Explanation of each movement is given in parentheses. / HRND5 2. CKOSS - 3. HIPS . HEAD GROUP 1. HANDS HANDS : READY : Cross. (At cross, arms are extended laterally and hori- zontally, palms down. See Figure 2.) ORDER : Hands. (At hands, the arms are brought back to a posi- tion of Attention close to the sides. See Fig- ure 1. Especial care should be taken to see that whenever, thruout the exercises, this position is taken as at the completion of each exercise full control is retained over the arms, and the hands should not be al- lowed to slap against the sides audibly.) ORDER : Eest. (At rest, always return to the position de- scribed on previous page. In this case there would be no change.) 2. 3. HIPS HIPS: HEADY : Cross. ORDER : Hips. ORDER : Eest. HEAD HEAD: BEADY : Cross. ORDER : Head. ORDER : Rest. (At hips, the hands are placed on the hips with shoulders, elbows and thumbs well back. See Figure 3.) (At head, the hands are placed behind the neck, index fingertips just touching, and elbows forced back. See Figure 4.) The above exercises should be executed but a few times each, being preparatory to the Speed Test. SPEED TEST In this, the preparatory command, ORDER, is omitted and the Leader gives the commands, Head, hips, hands, etc., in sharp suc- cession, varying them, and occasionally repeating a command in a manner calculated to catch the unwary napping. The length of time devoted to this movement is left to the discretion of the Leader, who should also occasionally vary his method by giving the order, for example, "Hips," but he himself executing one of the other two movements as "Head" in order to see if the men are actually listening to his order or only watching him. 5. GRIND 6, GRf\TE'Upper Position 7. GRASP GROUP II. I, GRIND GRIND : KEADY : Cross. PALMS : Turn. (At turn, the palms are turned up with backs of hands down and arms forced back as far as possible. See Figure 5.) ORDER : Grind. (At grind, and in time with the Leaders' one measured counting, circles of twelve inch two diameter are described with the finger-tips three which move forward and downward, the; four backward and upward, tho arms remainin: five stiff, and pivoting from the shoulders. On th to backward movement of the circle, the arm ten should be forced back to the limit. A con plete circle should be described at each count. Eeverse.(At reverse, the same process should be gon one thru, the circle being described in the opposil to direction.) ten ORDER: Eest. Ten circles are described in each direction. 2. GRATE GRATE: READY : Cross. ORDER : Grate. (At grate, and as the Leader counts one, tl one arms are slowly raised, as a deep inhalatu two is taken, to an angle of 45 degrees fro horizontal, and at the same time the hee are raised till the weight of the body rests ( the balls of the feet. See Figure 6. At tw the arms are returned to cross, as all air exhaled, and the heels are lowered to a no mal position. Care should be taken to s< that the arms are not allowed to drop belo the level of the shoulders or rise more tha 45 degrees.) ORDER : Eest. The arms should be raised and lowered ten times. 3. GRASP GRASP : READY : Cross. ORDER : Grasp. (At grasp, the position, head, is taken. Si one Figure 4. With head up and eyes front, ar two in time with the Leader's counting, one, tw three three, four, the body is bent forward fro four the waist, as far as possible. See Figure one The body is returned to upright in the san two number of counts and at an unusually slo three one is bent as far back as comfortable fro four the waist, being returned to upright at iw one Care should be taken to see that this motion t wo sustained and not jerky.) ORDER : Eest. The entire movement should be repeated five times. . CRAW * 10. CURL- Curl Position, //. CURL- Arms 1. CRAWL KEADY: Cross. ORDER: Crawl. one two three four one two three four GROUP IH. (At crawl, the left palm is turned up and as the Leader counts one, two, three, four, the left arm is raised and the right arm lowered laterally until at four the right arm should be in a position of hands, and the left arm should be extended straight up with the palm to the right. See Figure 8. Then, as the Leader counts one, two, three, the body is slowly bent sidewise from the waist, the right hand slipping down the right leg to or be- yond the knee and the left arm bending in a half circle over the head until the fingers touch the right ear. See Figure 9. At four the position of cross is quickly resumed, and as the Leader commences to count again, the RIGHT palm is turned up and the exercise com- pleted in the opposite direction.) ORDER : Eest. The entire movement should be repeated five times. 2. CURL CURL: KEADY : Cross. (In this movement, at cross, the feet are spread until the heels are about twelve inches apart. The left foot remains stationary, the right foot being moved to accomplish this.) ORDER : Curl. (At curl, and as the Leader counts one, two. one three, four, the fists and lower arms are bent two DOWN from the elbows which are kept pressed three back, and the fists are curled into the arm four pits. This position should be reached at one three, when the head and SHOULDERS should two be forced up and back, reaching the limit of three motion at four. See Figure 10. The Leader four again counts one, two, three, four. At one the "one" arms are extended straight forward from the two shoulders, palms down. See Figure 11. At three t wo the arms begin to fall and the body four bends forward from the waist, head up and eyes front, until at four, the body has reached the limit of motion and the arms have passed the sides and have been forced back and (as the trunk assumes a horizontal position) up as far as possible. See Figure 18. For a third time the Leader counts one, two, three, four, as the body is straightened, reaching an upright position with arms straight forward at three. Cross is resumed at four. As the body is straightened from the wing position, a full breath should be taken, the lungs being slowly filled to the maximum as the curl is again reached at ''cross four." This breath should be retained only a second, and exhaled as the wing position is taken. Inhale thru the nose.) ORDER : Eest. The entire movement should be repeated five times. /2. CROUCH 13. WAVE 3. CROUCH CROUCH : READY : Cross. (In this movement, at cross, the feet are spread until the heels are about twelve inches apart. The left foot remains stationary, the right foot being moved to accomplish this.) ORDER : Crouch, (At crouch, the knees are bent and, with the one weight on the toes, the body is lowered as two nearly to the heels as comfortable, keeping the trunk as nearly erect as possible. See Figure 12. This is done at one and at two the upright position is resumed.) ORDER : Rest. The entire movement should be repeated ten times. WAVE WAVE: EEADY : Cross. GROUP IV. (At wave, the arms are stretched straight above the head, fingers interlaced and arms touch- ing the ears. See Figure 13. Then, as the Leader counts one, two, three, four a com- plete circle, of about twenty-four inches diam- eter, is described with the hands, the body bending only at the waist. The trunk should be bent as far backward as forward, and as far to one side as to the other. The body should be forward at one, to the right at two, backward at three, and to the left at four The motion should be steady and not in jerks.) Reverse. (At reverse, the same movement should be re- one peated in the opposite direction, i.e., to the etc. left.) ORDER: (At ORDER, the body should be brought to an erect position, stretching the arms up as far as possible; and at rest, the arms should Eest. drop slowly, laterally, to a hands position.) Five circles should be described in 'each direction. 2. WEAVE WEAVE : EEADY : Cross. ORDER : Weave, one two three four one two three four (In this movement, at cross, the feet are spread until the heels are about twelve inches apart. The left foot remains stationary, the right foot being moved to accomplish this.) (At weave, and as the Leader counts one, two, three, four, the body is turned to the left from the hips, the arms maintaining the same relation to the shoulders as at cross, until at one, the face is to the left, the right arm pointing straight forward (in relation to the feet) and the left arm straight backward. See Figure 14. At two, the body is bent from the waist so that the right arm goes down and 15. 6 I /8. W/NCr 17. WING the left up, until, at three, the fingers of the right hand touch the ground midway between the feet. The left arm should then be point- ing straight up, with the face still to the left^ The right knee must be slightly bent to ac- complish this position. See Figure 15. At four, the position of cross is resumed and as the Leader again counts one, two, three, four, the same movement is repeated with the left hand touching the ground this time. Thru- out the exercise, care should be taken that the arms remain in the same straight line, making no separate movement, but changing their position only as the trunk and shoulders are moved and carry the arms along. Aftei f. this exercise has been thoroly mastered, the turning and bending movements made on the counts, one and two, should be combined, i.e., instead of making the entire turn, as de- scribed above, before bending, turn and bend simultaneously. See Figure 16.) ORDER : Rest. The entire movement should be repeated" ten times. 3. WING (At wing, and as the Leader counts one, two, WING: three, four, the arms are raised laterally until READY: they are extended straight upward at one, Cross. with a full inhalation. See Figure 17. At ORDER: two, the arms begin to fall forward and down- Wing. ward and the body bends forward from the one waist, head up and eyes front, until at four, two the body has reached the limit of motion and three the arms have passed the sides and have been four forced back and (as the trunk assumes a one horizontal position) up as far as possible. two See Figure 18. As the Leader again counts three ne > two, three, four, the body is straightened, four reaching an upright position, with arms verti- v cally extended, at three. At four, the arms are lowered to a cross position, but with palms up and arms and shoulders forced hard back. Very slow counting is essential to the correct execution of this exercise. All air should be forced from the lungs as the body bends forward to ihe'wing position, and they should be filled to capacity as the body is straightened and the arms brought down. In- hale thru the nose.) ORDER : Eest. The entire movement should be repeated five times. THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING YSICAL VIGOR for the sedentary worker is threefold: it sists in part in physical exercise sufficient to keep the uscles in tone, to prevent flabbiness and to secure an erect posture; it involves controlling the environment so that the surroundings may be conducive to and not deleterious to health; and, finally, it demands careful selection of food and drink and intelligent care of the body functions. These requisites are not onerous for one who cares about personal efficiency; they are simple as regards their execution; they will give results in health dividends. These three are the tripod of health and may be easily remembered under the words, EXERCISE, ENVIRON- MENT and EATING. The three E's are the beginning of Efficiency: R EXERCISE. The morning "Daily Dozen" will start the day right. They ould be made a habit in which no omissions can. occur. To secure the most good they are to be supplemented with walking to the office (whenever possible three to four miles is not too much), week-end tennis, golf, swimming, skating, and outdoor rts that are suited to the individual's needs. ENVIRONMENT. The home environment is important. Keep it cheerful and clean. Optimism is a powerful stimulant. Food digests readily when seasoned with smiling sauce and served with laughter and happiness. Keep worry out of your life. It kills initiative, driving power, strength and vigor. Have the air as clean as your collar. You only wear the collar; you breathe air. Sleep with open windows. Avoid places with flies and dirt. Don't overheat your home or office. Keep the temperature at 68 Fahrenheit. Don't miss the daily bath! EATING. The pig lives to eat. For man eating should be a means of supplying energy that enables one to live a vigorous, efficient life. Oh! enjoy it! but choose between palate and perform- ance. Eat meat only once a day and after forty, little of that. Drink all liquids slowly and chew all food thoroughly. Control the amount of food eaten by the amount of energy expended. Eat less when you are inactive physically and in warm weather. Drink seven or eight glasses of water daily. Leave alcohol alone and live longer and more efficiently. It doesn't give vigor. Gasoline is necessary for the running of the motor-car; but if the carbon is not removed, power is lost. Keep the carbon removed by regular habits, and avoiding constipating food. The following suggestive: list of laxative and constipating food : LAXATIVE. Liquids: Grapes Turnips Malted milk Peaches String beans | Kumyss Vegetables: Kale Jwihek^r,*,^^ Tomatoes Oyster plant :j Mineral waters CudumKers Miscellan?or Buttermilk Potatoes Honey Cider Carrots Herring Fruits: Beets Sardines ${ Onions Mackerel .;'' Oranges Spinach Butter Grape fruit Cabbage Suet Apples Corn Vegetable oils Prunes Oatmeal Mineral oild Watermelon Brussels sprouts Cream CONSTIPATING. Liquids: Fruits: Spaghetti Milk Hard water Blackberries Macaroni Tea Cocoa Miscellaneous: Fresh breads Chocolate Eggs Farina Alcohol Cheese Some meats <$& THE NATIONAL SECURITY LEAGUE Honorary President ELIHU BOOT, New York. Honorary Vice-President ALTON B. PARKER, New Vm ,. President CHARLES E. LYDECKER, New York. Vice-Presidents GEORGE WHARTON PEPPER, Philadelphigf WILLET M. SPOONER, Milwaukee. LUKE E. WRIGHT, Memphis. JAMES W. GERARD, New York. MYRON T. HERRICK, Cleveland. Secretary FRANKLIN KEMINGTON, New York. Treasurer ALEXANDER J. HEMPHILL, New York. Chairman, Board of Directors CHARLES E. LYDECKER, New Educational Director ROBERT McNuTT MCELROY. Director of Speaker's Bureau THOMAS J. PRESTON, JR. Executive Secretary HENRY L. WEST. Assistant Secretary EMERSON SMALLEY. The National Security League is an organization o, 100,000 patriotic men and women who are aiding in spread and maintaining American ideals through propaganda, i education by means of the written and spoken word. The League earnestly appeals for support and J securing new members. CLASSES OF MEMBERSHIP Founder $100.00 Contributing (yearly) HJjh Life 25,00 Annual Donor over $100.000 YB 19925 14 RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. LD 21-100m-6,'56 (B9311slO)476 General Library University of California Berkeley