UC-NRLF 
 
 B 3 113 SIS 
 
 

 
 
 

 (gift of 
 
 Club 
 
 CLASS__ 
 
 
 
 
THE GREYHOUND. 
 
MONOGRAPHS ON B&lTiSH ; DOGS. 
 
 Tut? 
 
 Inti 
 
 ITS 
 
 HISTORY, POINTS, BREEDING, REARING, 
 TRAINING, AND RUNNING. 
 
 BY HUGH DALZIEL, 
 
 \\ 
 
 Author of " British Dogs," " The Diseases of Dogs," &c., and Kennel 
 Editor of " The Bazaar" 
 
 IXjUL.TJSTIR/.A.'TIEID. 
 
 LONDON: 
 L. UPCOTT GILL, 170, STEAND, W.C, 
 
.' i 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 A. BRADLEY, LONDON AND COUNTY PRINTING WORKS, 
 DRURY LANE, W.C. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 THIS Monograph on the Greyhound is one of a series, the 
 object of which is to meet the requirements of the very 
 large and increasing class of fanciers who take special 
 interest in one or other variety of the dog. 
 
 Each Monograph is an enlargement from " BRITISH DOGS/' 
 giving such additional matter as the modern fancier re- 
 quires, but which is outside the scheme of the compre- 
 hensive work, written for the lover of the dog in general, 
 who does not seek for the completeness of detail which 
 the specialist demands. 
 
 The cultivation of the dog in general, and especially in 
 the direction of a clearer separation of distinct varieties, 
 has been greatly stimulated by our competitive exhibitions, 
 and the consequent increased demand, at home and abroad, 
 for pure bred specimens. This is strongly exemplified in 
 the large and increasing number of special clubs, each 
 devoted to the interests of one particular breed, and 
 which authoritatively defines the standard of excellence 
 by which it shall be judged. These circumstances seemed 
 to demand the present series of Monographs, which are 
 designed to serve the particular interest of each fancier. 
 
 697353 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 It will be found that the club standard where such 
 exists has been given due weight and prominence to ; 
 and as I have, in many instances, received the cordial 
 and much valued assistance of gentlemen accepted as high 
 authorities on their special breeds, I hope the result of 
 these co-operative efforts will prove acceptable and useful 
 to those for whom they have been made. 
 
 HUGH DALZIEL. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 THE MODERN GREYHOUND 9 
 
 COURSING . . . 37 
 
 BREEDING ......" 51 
 
 BEARING . . . 63 
 
 TRAINING 70 
 
 WATERLOO CUP WINNERS 82 
 
THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Classification according to General Conformation Points in 
 which Dogs of the Greyhound Group agree Probable 
 Origin The Smooth Greyhound Introduction of the 
 Greyhound to Britain Arrian Holinshed Elfric Duke 
 of Mercians Kennels Strutt's " Sports and Pastimes " 
 Ossian's Description of a Royal Hunting Call The Deer- 
 hound and Irish Wolfhound The Celtic Greyhound 
 Edward the Confessor and his Hounds King John a Lover 
 of Hunting and of the Greyhound Gelert Edmund de 
 Langley's " Mayster of Game "" Booke of St. Alban's " 
 Coursing for Wagers Caius* " Englishe Dogges J) The 
 Gazehound Queen Elizabeth and Coursing The Duke of 
 Norfolk's Code of Laws of the Leash Common Source of 
 Wolfhound, Deerhound, and Greyhound. 
 
 ANYONE who takes a comprehensive view of the varieties 
 of dogs exhibited at any of our largest shows will find it 
 easy, and indeed natural, to group them, independent of 
 catalogue classifications, according to the general forma- 
 
THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 tion and prominent features in which they agree with 
 each other, although differing in minor points, such as 
 coat and colour. 
 
 The Greyhound, Deerhound, Irish Wolfhound, Whippet, 
 and even the mongrel Lurcher, show a conformation in 
 common; and extending observation to the classes for 
 foreign dogs, we find the graceful Persian, the Siberian, 
 Circassian, and Pyrenean Wolfhounds, and also the little 
 Italian Greyhound, as well as occasional visitors from the 
 far East, included in this elastic classification by right of 
 the general lines on which they are built. 
 
 We have in all, although not equally developed, the 
 same elongated head, long and flexible neck, deep chest, 
 tucked up or girt loins, and the sweeping quarters, which 
 taken together indicate capacity for great speed. 
 
 In Europe, Asia, and Africa, we meet with dogs no one 
 would hesitate to class with those named above; but none 
 of the dogs of America, so far as I know, approach them 
 very closely. 
 
 The Greyhound group stands out very boldly from all 
 others; and whether all its varieties came originally from 
 the same stock (some Canis primcevus, as Darwin sug- 
 gests), or a species of wolf existent or extinct, it has for 
 ages been recognised as constituting a very distinct type, 
 and from remote history has formed, as it still does, a very 
 important section of our British dogs. 
 
 It is probable that the whole of those I have enumerated 
 above which belong to this country, and probably some of 
 the foreign ones, are from the same stock, modified by 
 selection and occasional crosses ; as, for instance, the large 
 muscular Irish Wolfhound may have had a strain 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of the old fierce war dog used by the Celtic natives of 
 these Isles; but it is certain, that at a very early period 
 the wide distinction whicl* separates our quick-footed 
 Hounds from the slower Hounds working by scent, and 
 the still more powerful Canis pugnaces of the Molossian 
 or Mastiff type, was recognised as clearly as we now 
 separate them from our Hounds, Spaniels, and Mastiffs. 
 
 The smooth Greyhound is now by far the most important, 
 as he is the most perfect, representative of the group, 
 showing in the greatest perfection the qualities for which 
 the whole have always been distinguished and valued. 
 
 It is generally believed tnat the Greyhound was brought 
 into these Islands by a Celtic tribe who spread over 
 Ireland and the Western islands and mainland of Scot- 
 land, according to Holinshed during the third century, 
 but much earlier in the opinion of others, who hold that 
 the great Celtic wave spread over Europe, reaching these 
 Islands B.C. 500; but it is admittedly impossible to 
 definitely fix dates. Arrian, writing about the third decade 
 of the second century, gives a full and accurate description 
 of the dog, and calls it a Celtic Hound. Holinshed, in 
 his description of Ireland, says : " The Greihounde of King 
 Cranthylinth/s dayes was not fetched so far as out of 
 Grecia, but rather bred in Scotland." (Cranthylinth, or 
 Crathilinthus, was the eighteenth of the kings of Scotland, 
 and began to reign in the year 277.) 
 
 Evidence exists that the Greyhound formed part of the 
 kennels of Elfric, Duke of Mercia, for in some curious 
 dialogues written by him in Latin, and translated by 
 Turner, the following occurs: "'I am a hunter to one of 
 the kings/ ' How do you exercise your art ? ' ' I spread 
 
 B2 
 
THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 my nets, and set them in a fit place, and instruct my 
 Hounds to pursue the wild deer till they come to the nets 
 unexpectedly, and so are entangled, and I slay them in 
 the nets/ ' Cannot you hunt without nets ? ' ' Yes, with 
 swift Hounds I follow the wild deer/ ' What wild deer do 
 you chiefly take ? J ' Harts, boars, and reindeer and goats, 
 and sometimes hares/ " In the Cotton Library, also, there 
 exists a manuscript of the ninth century in which a Saxon 
 chieftain and his huntsman, with a brace of Greyhounds, 
 are portrayed. This picture is copied by Strutt in his 
 " Sports and Pastimes," and shows a couple of dogs with 
 something of the type of head, but shorter in body and tail 
 than, our Greyhounds, about to be slipped at wild swine. 
 I am bound to say that the figures of these dogs as repro- 
 duced by Strutt, so far as they can be relied on to 
 represent a breed, are more like the Great Dane of our 
 shows in head and carriage of stern (which latter is Hound- 
 like) ; but the back is shorter, and the ears appear short, 
 pointed, and erect, as if cropped. It is the more important 
 to notice this, as we have the assurance of Strutt that 
 the engravings are faithful copies of ancient ones. Far 
 more Greyhound-like is the dog represented in the picture, 
 " The Unearthing of a Fox," from a manuscript of the 
 fourteenth century in the Royal Library. 
 
 Among the wild clans of the North the ancestors of our 
 Deerhounds were cherished, and used by those hardy hunters 
 in the pursuit of the stag, as well as in the destruction of 
 the wolf ; and the stealing of one that excelled in size, swift- 
 ness, and courage, by a clan that had been the guests of 
 another at a hunting party, led to a furious and bloody 
 combat. And however apocryphal the songs of Ossian may 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 be, the writer touches a genuine chord in the national 
 sympathies in singing the praises of the dogs of Fingal 
 in his description of a royal hunting " call." Said Fingal : 
 " Call my dogs, the long-bounding sons of the chace. Call 
 white-breasted Bran, and the surly strength of Luath. 
 Fillan and Fergus ! blow my horn, that the joy of the chace 
 may arise; that the deer of Cromla may hear and start at 
 the Lake of Roes. The shrill sound spreads along the wood. 
 The sons of heathy Cromla arise. A thousand dogs fly off 
 at once, gray-bounding through the heath. A deer fell by 
 every dog, and three by the white-breasted Bran." 
 
 That the Deerhound and Irish Wolfhound were, if not 
 identical, very closely allied, I think there can be no doubt; 
 and with such game as they were fitted to cope with in 
 abundance, the fugacious hare was thought little of ; but 
 in the lower and more open countries the lighter built and 
 more nimble dogs would be used for that quarry. Arrian, 
 describing the Celtic Greyhound, refers to both smooth 
 and long-haired ; and I think it in the highest degree 
 probable that all are from the same stock, for we know 
 that quantity and quality of coat readily change, and, 
 according to domestic treatment, quite alter in character 
 in a few generations, whilst variation in colour is the com- 
 mon inheritance of domestication. 
 
 According to William of Malmesbury, Edward the Con- 
 fessor "took great delight to follow a pack of swift hounds 
 in pursuit of game, and to cheer them with his voice;" 
 these were, probably, hounds running by scent. But the 
 same writer, enumerating the dogs of the chase, includes 
 Greyhounds as favourite dogs with the sportsmen of that 
 time. 
 
THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 King John was a lover of hunting and of the Grey- 
 hound, and the gallant Gelert, made famous in Spenser's 
 poem, was said to be a gift of this king to his son-in-law 
 Llewellyn. That the story must be admitted to be 
 mythical does not altogether destroy its value. John was 
 at heavy charges in the maintenance of his kennels, 
 including Wolfhounds and Greyhounds, and his son and 
 successor Henry III., who instituted the severest of Forest 
 Laws, kept up the sport of hunting, in which these and 
 other varieties of dogs were used. 
 
 Edmund de Langley, fourth son of Edward III., who 
 was born A.D. 1341, became Master of Hounds and Hawks 
 to Henry IV., and wrote a Treatise called "Mayster of 
 Game," for the pleasure and instruction of Prince Henry 
 afterwards Henry V. in which the Greyhound is 
 minutely described. 
 
 Following shortly after De Langley we have the cele- 
 brated "Booke of St. Alban's,"* by Dame Juliana Berners, 
 or Barnes, published by Winkin de Worde, 1486, in which 
 Greyhounds and hare-hunting, as well as stag-hunting, are 
 referred to and explained. 
 
 In the time of Henry VIII. it was a boast of manhood on 
 the part of the young gallants, among other accomplish- 
 ments 
 
 to nourishe np and fede 
 
 The Greyhounde to the course. 
 
 During this reign we have the first mention of coursing 
 for wagers. Jesse quotes from the accounts of expenditure 
 
 * A fac-simile reprint of the " Booke of St. Alban's," containing the 
 Treatises on Hawking, Hunting, and Heraldry, has been issued by Mr. 
 Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster Bow, London, B.C. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of the King : " Sir William Pykering received forty-five 
 shillings for a course that he won of the king's grase in 
 Eltham Park against his dog; and another person twenty- 
 two and sixpence for bets that he won of the king in 
 Eltham Park. Also the Lord Rochford forty-five shil- 
 lings for a wager he won with a brace of Greyhounds at 
 Mote Park." 
 
 In the reign of Elizabeth, Dr. Johannes Caius wrote his 
 ft Englishe Dogges,"* in which the Greyhound is described, 
 but not with that accuracy of detail which we find in the 
 writings of Gervase Markham, who followed a generation 
 later, or of Edmund de Langley, who preceded him by 
 about two centuries. 
 
 Caius recognises the distinction in size, coat, and the 
 purposes to which the dogs were put which answer to our 
 Deerhounds and Greyhounds of to-day. " Some," he 
 remarks, "are of a greater sorte, and some of a lesser; 
 some are smooth skynned, and some are curled ; the bigger, 
 therefore, are appoynted to hunt the bigger beasts, and 
 the smaller serve to hunte the lesser accordingly." 
 
 The Gazehound, one of this group, used to single out 
 and pursue the wounded or selected deer by sight alone, 
 is also mentioned by Caius, but by him wrongly termed 
 "AgaseuSj" which really represents the Beagle, and had been 
 applied to that dog for centuries previous to his time. 
 
 In Elizabeth's reign the diversion of coursing became 
 more fashionable than it had ever been previously, and 
 Her Majesty personally enjoyed the sport of coursing 
 stags with Greyhounds. It is recorded that, on a visit to 
 
 * A yerbatim reprint of this book has been published by L. Upcott Gill, 
 170, Strand, London. 
 
8 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 Cowdry Park, the seat of Lord Montacute, the Queen saw 
 sixteen bucks pulled down by Greyhounds after dinner, 
 the bucks having fair law. These dogs were probably of 
 the strong Deerhound type. 
 
 Hare-coursing now became established on a firmer and 
 better basis than it had occupied, owing to the formation of 
 the laws of the leash into a regular code by the Duke of 
 Norfolk, which, with alterations not affecting their prin- 
 ciple, rules at the present day. The development of cours- 
 ing from that date to the present time I shall treat of 
 more fully hereafter. 
 
 It is impossible to trace the divergence from the original 
 Greyhound, and the modifications which have resulted in 
 the varieties we now possess ; but all history and records 
 of sport seem to point to the fact that Wolfhound, Deer- 
 hound, and Greyhound, sprang from the same source, 
 although, probably, not each alike bred in purity. In 
 the case of the latter the type has, by careful breeding, 
 become fixed, and even in the most trivial features there 
 is a closer likeness between the individuals of the race 
 than ever before existed. Each variety of the group will 
 be found dealt with separately, and at length, in " British 
 Dogs;" in this book I confine myself to the modern 
 Greyhound. But the following description, said to be from 
 an old MS., though of what date I do not know, applies to 
 the generic character of the purer varieties of the group : 
 
 The Greyhound, the great Hound, the graceful of limb, 
 Bough fellow, tall fellow, swift fellow, and slim; 
 Let them sound o'er the earth, let them sail o'er the sea, 
 They will light on none other more ancient than he. 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 
 
 The Slowhound wakes the fox's lair, 
 The Greyhound presses on the hare. 
 
 EOKEBT, Chap. iii. 
 
 The Modern Greyhound : Elegance of; Fitness for Designed 
 Purpose Derivation of the Word Greyhound : Various 
 Opinion* on Gesner The Grew Modifications in the 
 Greyhound Restrictions as to Keeping Greyhounds 
 Coursing : Popularity of; Antiquity of Greyhounds used 
 for Hunting the Wolf, Boar, Deer, fyc. Distinguishing 
 Characteristics of Greyhound Group Essential Points in 
 a Greyhound Sir Walter Scott Old Prejudices against 
 Coursing Somerville Mistakes of the Tyro as to 
 Coursing Slipping the Dogs The Run up A Kill of 
 Merit Ovid's Description of a Course Judging Grey- 
 hounds Dame Juliana Berners' " Properties of a Good 
 Grehounde " Detailed Description of Properties : Head, 
 Jaws, Teeth, Eyes, Ears, Neck, Back, Chest, Loins, Tail, 
 Colour, Size Crossing with the Bulldog Summary of 
 Points of Modern Greyhound Greyhounds and the Show 
 Bench Measurements of Waterloo Cup Winners and Show- 
 Dogs. 
 
 THE particular variety of Canes venatici grayii of which I 
 will now treat, and which possesses an inherent right to 
 occupy the highest place in the group of dogs hunting by 
 keenness of sight and fleetness of, foot, is the modern 
 
10 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 British Greyhound. I say British, for the time has gone 
 by when we could speak of English, Scotch, or Irish 
 Greyhounds in any other than the past tense ; and the 
 modern Greyhound the most elegant of the canine race, 
 the highest achievement of man's skill in manipulating 
 the plastic nature of the dog, and forming it to his special 
 requirements as he is stripped, in all his beauty of outline 
 and wonderful development, not only of muscle, but of 
 that hidden fire which gives dash, energy and daring, 
 stands revealed a manufactured article, the acme of per- 
 fection in beauty of outline and fitness of purpose; and 
 whether we see him trying conclusions on the meadows 
 of Lurgan, the rough hillsides of Crawford John, or for 
 the blue ribbon of the leash on the flats of Altcar, he is 
 still the same the dog in whom the genius of man has 
 so mingled the blood of all the best varieties of the 
 Celtic Canes celeres that no one can lay special claim to 
 him. He is a combination of art and Nature that chal- 
 lenges the world, unequalled in speed, spirit and perse- 
 verance, and in elegance and beauty of form as far 
 removed from many of his clumsy ancestors as an English 
 thoroughbred from a coarse dray-horse. 
 
 It is not my intention, further than I have already done, 
 to attempt to trace the history of the Greyhound, or to 
 follow his development from the comparatively coarse but 
 more powerful dog from which he probably derives his 
 origin. It is clear, however, that our ancestors had two 
 thousand years ago developed his form, swiftness, and wind, 
 so as to enable him to run down the deer and hare at 
 speed. The very name has long been a bone of contention 
 among etymologists; but however interesting to the scholar, 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 11 
 
 the discussion possesses few attractions for the general reader, 
 the ingenious guessing and nice hair-splitting proving often 
 more confusing than profitable. Not to pass the subject 
 over in complete silence, I may observe, that whilst some 
 contend that the name Canis Grcecus points to a Greek 
 origin, others derive the name from "grey," gre, or grie, 
 supposed to be originally the prevailing colours, others, 
 with apparently greater reason, suppose the name to have 
 been given on account of the high rank or degree the 
 dog held among his fellows. The latter is the meaning 
 attached to it by Caius, who says : " The Grehound hath 
 his name of this word gre, which word soundeth gradus in 
 Latine, in Englishe degree, because, among all dogges 
 these are the most principall, occupying the chiefest place, 
 and being simply and absolutely the best of the gentle 
 kinde of Houndes." Dansey, the translator of Arrian, thinks 
 this fanciful, but at the same time points out that the word 
 gre is used for degree by Gawin Douglas, Thomas the 
 Ehymer the Prophet of Ercildoun, the author of the metri- 
 cal romance "Morte Arthur/' and by Sir David Lindsay 
 in his satirical poem, "The Complaint of the King's Auld 
 Hound, Bagsche," when addressing the King's new favou- 
 rite Houndes: "Though ye stand in the highest gre"; 
 and he (Dansey) acknowledges: "Whimsical, therefore, as 
 Caius's tracing of the term may be, we cannot view it 
 as utterly untenable." 
 
 In addition to this, I may point out that the word, 
 bearing the same signification, is to be found in Burns 
 and Scott, and that there is a common Scotch phrase 
 "to bear the gree," meaning to be decidedly victor, or 
 to take precedence of others. 
 
12 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 The translator of Arrian "would rather seek the origin 
 of the English name in the prevailing colour of the dog," 
 in which the numerous commixtures of colours forming the 
 various shades of grey predominate. " Stonehenge " leans 
 to this view; and he also points out that "no other breed 
 has, I believe, the blue or grey colour prevalent." The 
 blue colour is, however, common to the Great Dane. 
 
 Again, it has been sought to trace the name to the grey, 
 the old name for the badger hence Grey-hunde, or Badger- 
 hound; but although the suggestion comes from so high 
 an authority as Skinner, I cannot but think it entirely 
 fanciful, for a dog of the Greyhound type is not needed 
 for such slow game as the badger. 
 
 Gesner spells the name Grewhound; and Golding in his 
 translation of Ovid uses the contraction of that compound, 
 Grewnd, which is common enough : 
 
 And even as when the greedy Grewnde doth course the sillie haro, 
 Amiddes the plaine and champion fielde, without all covert bare. 
 
 In the south of Scotland the Greyhound is still commonly 
 called the Grew ; and in " Guy Mannering," Dandie Dinmont 
 includes in the list of his dogs, "six Terriers, twa couple 
 of Slowhounds, five Grews, and a wheen ither dowgs." 
 
 The Greyhound having been always kept for the chase, 
 would naturally undergo modifications with the changes in 
 the manner of hunting, the nature of the wild animals he 
 was trained to hunt, and the characteristics of the country 
 in which he was used; and having always, until very re- 
 cent times, been restricted to the possession of persons of 
 the higher ranks, he would have greater care, and his 
 improvement be the better secured. That his possession 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 13 
 
 was so restricted is shown by the Forest Laws of King 
 Canute, which prohibited anyone under the degree of a 
 gentleman from keeping a Greyhound ; and an old "Welsh 
 proverb says : " You may know a gentleman by his horse, 
 his hawk, and his Greyhound." In the Welsh laws of 
 Howel Dda (who died 948), the King's Buckhound, or 
 Covert-hound, is valued at a pound, and his Greyhound at 
 six-score pence. In the Code of 1080, and the Dimetian 
 Code of 1180, the Greyhound is valued at half that of 
 the Buckhound. 
 
 The alteration in the game laws of modern times, 
 coupled with the great increase of wealth and leisure, 
 have, by giving impetus to the natural desire for field 
 sports characteristic of .Englishmen, led to the present 
 great and increasing popularity of coursing, and conse- 
 quent diffusion of Greyhounds through all classes, heighten- 
 ing an honourable competition, and securing a continued, 
 if not a greater, care, and certainty of the dog's still 
 further improvement. 
 
 It is impossible to separate the Greyhound from coursing 
 as we understand it; for although the sport existed, and 
 was practised in a manner similar to our present system, 
 some seventeen hundred years ago, as described by Arrian 
 in the second century, the thorough organisation of the 
 sport and the condensation of the laws governing it are 
 not only essentially British, but, in their present shape, quite 
 modern ; and it is the conditions of the sport that have 
 produced the Greyhound of the day, to which the words 
 
 They are as swift as breathed stags, 
 Aye, fleeter than the roe, 
 
 are more applicable than to any of its predecessors. 
 
14 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 If we go back to the earlier centuries of the history of 
 our country, we find the Greyhound used in pursuit of the 
 wolf, boar, deer, &c., in conjunction with other dogs of more 
 powerful build. Still, we can easily perceive that, to take a 
 share in such sports at all, he must have been probably 
 larger, certainly stronger, coarser, and more inured to hard- 
 ships, whilst he would not be kept so strictly to sight 
 hunting as the demands of the present require; but the 
 material out of which the present dog has been made was 
 there, and his form and characteristics, even to minute 
 detail, were recognised, and have been described with an 
 accuracy which no other breed of dogs has had the 
 advantage of, else might we be in a better position to 
 understand the value of claims for old descent set up for 
 so many varieties. And to these descriptions I propose to 
 refer, to endorse, as well as to make still more clear and 
 emphatic, the points of excellence recognised as correct by 
 modern followers of the leash. 
 
 The whole group to which the Greyhound belongs is 
 distinguished by the elongated head; the parietal, side 
 and upper, or partition bones of the head, shelving in 
 towards each other; high, proportionate stature, deep chest, 
 arched loins, tucked-up flank, and long, fine tail; and such 
 general form as is outlined in this description is seen in 
 perfection in the Greyhound. To some it may sound con- 
 tradictory to speak in one sentence of elegance and beauty 
 of form, and in the next of a tucked-up flank; and Fox 
 Terrier and Mastiff men, who want their favourites well- 
 ribbed back, with deep loin, and flanks well filled, to make 
 a form as square as a prize Shorthorn, may object; but 
 we must remember, that beauty largely consists in fitness 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 15 
 
 and aptitude for the uses designed and the position to be 
 filled. 
 
 This being so, in estimating the Greyhound's claim to be 
 the handsomest of the canine race we must remember for 
 what his various excellencies, resulting in a whole which is 
 so strikingly elegant, are designed. Speed is the first and 
 greatest quality a dog of this breed can possess; to make 
 a perfect dog there are other attributes he must not be defi- 
 cient in, but wanting in pace he can never hope to excel. 
 The most superficial knowledge of coursing or coursing 
 literature will show this, and it is a quality which, 
 although developed to its present high pitch, has always 
 been recognised as most important. Chaucer says : 
 
 Greihounds he hadde as swift as fowl of flight ; 
 
 And again following the example of the immortal scoundrel, 
 Wegg to drop into poetry, Sir Walter Scott in his intro- 
 duction to " Marmion " thus eulogises the speed of the 
 Greyhound : 
 
 Eemember'st thou my Greyhounds true? 
 O'er holt or hill there never flew, 
 From leash or slip there never sprang, 
 More fleet of foot, more sure of fang. 
 
 Well does he deserve the encomium of Markham, who 
 declares he is "of all dogs whatsoever the most princely, 
 strong, nimble, swift, and valient." 
 
 In addition to speed, the dog must have strength to last 
 out a severe course, nimbleness in turning, the capacity to 
 catch and bear the hare in his stride, good killing powers, 
 and vital force to give him dash, staunchness, and endur- 
 ance. What a dog possessing these qualities should be 
 
16 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 like I shall, by the assistance of the keenest and most 
 experienced observers and writers on the subject, endeavour 
 to show; and whilst gladly sitting at the feet of modern 
 Gamaliels, will not slight the wisdom of the past, but will 
 offer gleanings from the works of old that may prove 
 both interesting and instructive to the tyro, although as a 
 tale that hath been told to many; and in defence of such 
 a course let me quote Geoffrey Chaucer : 
 
 For out of the old fieldis, as men saith, 
 
 Cometh all this new corn from year to year ; 
 
 And out of olde bookis in good faith, 
 
 Cometh all this new science that men lere. 
 
 It will be unnecessary at this point to enter on any 
 lengthened dissertation on coursing as at present practised, 
 and it will suffice to say that the sport has, in fact, 
 lived down the old prejudices which existed against it, as 
 expressed in the words of Somerville, whose tastes pre- 
 ferred 
 
 The musical confusion 
 Of Hounds and echo in conjunction ; 
 
 and who, with unjust prejudice, penned an undeserved 
 censure against followers of the leash when he wrote : 
 
 A different Hound for every different chase 
 Select with judgment ; nor the poor timorous hare, 
 O'er matched, destroy; but leave that vile offence 
 To the mean, murderous, coursing crew. 
 
 I have no doubt, however, that Somerville, who was a 
 thorough sportsman, had in his mind when penning these 
 lines the poacher and currant- jelly courser, who do not 
 hesitate at the means, or how they o'ermatch the hare, so 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 17 
 
 that their supreme object of filling the bag is attained; for 
 with such a murderous crew the hare gets no law. 
 
 Before discussing the points of the dog seriatim, 
 it will, I think, be necessary to briefly glance at what 
 a dog is required to do in a course, and that for two 
 reasons : First, because I hold that all dogs should be 
 judged in the show ring by their apparent suitability for 
 their special work; and secondly, because this book may 
 fall into the hands of many who are real lovers of the dog, 
 and genuine sportsmen at heart, but who, from various 
 circumstances, have never had an opportunity of seeing a 
 course, or that so rarely as to be practically unacquainted 
 with its merits. 
 
 The remarks of the inexperienced on a course are often 
 amusing. The most common mistake made by the tyro 
 is that the dog which kills the hare always wins, irrespec- 
 tive of other considerations a most excusable error on 
 the part of the novice, as in most or all other descriptions 
 of racing the first at the post or object is the winner; 
 but in coursing it is not which is first there, but which 
 has done most towards accomplishing the death of the 
 hare, or put her to the greatest straits to escape. Be it 
 here understood, that the object of the courser and 
 that of the dogs differ materially. The dogs' object is 
 the death of the hare; the courser's object is to test the 
 relative speed, working abilities, and endurance of the 
 competitors, as shown in their endeavours to accomplish 
 their object : and the possession of the hare is of little 
 consequence, except to the pothunter or currant-jelly 
 devotee, who is quite out of the pale of genuine coursing 
 society. 
 
 c 
 
18 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 Although what I am going to say will be as stale and 
 tiresome to and as likely to create a smile in many as 
 listening to a child's first lesson in the alphabet, I 
 consider it, for the reasons already given, necessary. 
 Two dogs only are slipped at a hare and this has always 
 been the honourable practice in this country. Even the 
 Greek courser Arrian recognises this, saying : " Whoever 
 courses with Greyhounds should neither slip them near 
 the hare, nor more than a brace at a time " ; and in 
 Turberville's "Observations on Coursing" we find the 
 maxim : " If the Greyhounds be but yonge or slow you 
 may course with a lease at one hare, but that is seldom 
 seen, and a brase of dogges is ynow for such a poore 
 beaste." 
 
 The hare being found or so-ho'd, and given law a 
 fair start of, at one time, more than a hundred yards, 
 but now reduced the dogs are slipped. In the run 
 up, as in after stretches following a turn, the relative 
 speed of the dogs is seen; but the hare, being pressed, 
 will jerk, turn, and wind in the most nimble manner, 
 testing the dogs' smartness in working, suppleness, 
 and agility in making quick turns, and "it is a gallant 
 sport to see how the hare will turn and wind to save 
 herself out of the dogge's mouth, so that, sometimes^ 
 when you think that your Greyhound doth, as it were, 
 gape to take her, she will turn and cast them a good 
 way behinde her, and so save herself by turning, wrench- 
 ing, and winding." It is by the practice of these 
 clever wiles and shifts that the hare endeavours to reach 
 her covert, and in closely following her scut, and o'er- 
 mastering her in her own devices, that a Greyhound 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 19 
 
 displays the mastery of this branch of his business, in 
 which particular a slower dog will often excel an opponent 
 that has the foot of him in the stretches; but with this 
 working power, a facility in making short turns, speed 
 must be combined, or it stands to reason points could not 
 be made, except on a comparatively weak hare. It is, 
 therefore, important that the conformation of the dog 
 should be such as to combine speed with a strength and 
 suppleness that will, as far as possible, enable him to 
 control and guide the velocity with which he is moving, 
 as his quick eye sees the game swerve or turn to one side 
 or another. 
 
 As the death of the hare when it is a kill of merit 
 that is, when accomplished by superior speed and clever- 
 ness, and not by the accident of the foremost dog turning 
 the hare, as it were, into the killer's mouth is a con- 
 sideration in reckoning up the total of good points made, 
 it is important that the dog should be formed to do this, 
 picking up and bearing the hare in his stride, and not 
 stopping to worry her as a terrier would a rat; and here 
 many points come in which should be narrowly scanned 
 and compared in the show ring, but too often are not, 
 and these I will allude to in going over the several 
 points. 
 
 In addition, there are other requirements for which the 
 dog must possess qualities to make him successful in the 
 field and give him a right to a prizfe in the show ring, 
 and which will be noticed in detail. A good idea of a 
 course, with the gallant efforts of pursuer and pursued, is 
 given in the following lines from Ovid, translated by 
 Drydon : 
 
20 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 As when the impatient Greyhound, slipped from far, 
 
 Bounds o'er the glade to course the fearful hare, 
 
 She in her speed does all her safety lie, 
 
 And he with double speed pursues his prey, 
 
 O'erruns her at the sitting turn; but licks 
 
 His chaps in vain; yet blows upon the flix. 
 
 She seeks the shelter which the neighbouring covert gives, 
 
 And, gaining it, she doubts if yet she lives. 
 
 The laws and details of coursing, and the preparation 
 of the dogs, are fully treated of hereafter, but the pre- 
 ceding remarks appeared necessary to a clear comprehen- 
 sion of the description we shall now enter upon. 
 
 In forming an opinion of a dog whether in selecting him 
 for some special purpose of work, or merely choosing the 
 best out of a lot in the prize ring first impressions, which 
 are occasionally deceptive, get confirmed into prejudices 
 and mislead the judgment. But in the great majority of 
 cases, to the man who knows what he is looking at, what 
 he is looking for, and what he has a reasonable right to 
 expect, the first impression conveyed to the mind by the 
 general outline or contour, and the way it is filled in, will 
 be confirmed on a close, critical, and analytical examination 
 of the animal point by point; and it is only by such close 
 and minute examination that a judge can become thoroughly 
 master of his subject, and arrive at a position where he 
 can give strong, clear, and intelligible reasons for the 
 opinions he has formed and the decision he has given. 
 Moreover, there is that to be weighed and taken into 
 account in the final judgment on the dog's merits which 
 is referable to no part alone, and which can only be appre- 
 ciated on taking him as a whole that is, life that 
 indefinable something which evades the dissector's knife, 
 yet permeates the whole body; the centre power, which 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 21 
 
 is the source of movement in every quivering muscle, and 
 is variously seen in every action of the dog, and in every 
 changing emotion of which he is capable. This I con- 
 ceive to be the only difficulty in the way of judging by 
 points, and it is not insuperable : this is, probably, what is 
 often meant by condition and quality. 
 
 The judge must, however, as already said, consider, and 
 if need be describe, not only the general appearance of 
 the animal and the impression he conveys to his (the 
 judge's) mind, but, as it were, take him to pieces, assess- 
 ing the value of each particular part according to its fit- 
 ness for the performance of the special function for which 
 it is designed, and under the peculiar conditions in which 
 it will have to act ; and having done so, he will find his 
 first opinion confirmed precisely in the ratio of his fitness 
 to judge. 
 
 Before taking the points one by one, I must give the 
 description of a Greyhound as laid down in the doggerel 
 rhymes of the illustrious authoress of " The Booke of St. 
 Alban's," Dame Juliana Berners, or Barnes, somewhile 
 Abbess of Sopewell, and since described as "a second 
 Minerva in her studies and another Diana in her diver- 
 sions." It would be sheer heresy to write of Greyhounds 
 without introducing her description, so universally has this 
 been done ; I therefore give it in full, which 1 have never 
 seen done by any modern authority. In doing so, I must 
 confess there are two lines that to me are somewhat obscure. 
 I, however, venture to suggest that in his eighth year he 
 is only a lick ladle fit to lick a trencher ; and in his ninth 
 year, cart and saddle may be used to take him to the 
 tanner. 
 
22 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 THE PROPERTIES OP A GOOD GREHOUNDE. 
 
 A Grehound shold be heeded lyke a snake 
 
 And neckyd lyke a drake, 
 
 Footed lyke a catte, 
 
 Tayllyd lyke a ratte, 
 
 Syded lyke a teme, 
 
 And chynyd lyke a beme. 
 
 The fyrst- yere he must lerne to fede, 
 
 The 'second yere to felde him lede, 
 
 The thyrde yere he is felowe lyke, 
 
 The fourth yere there is none syke, 
 
 The fyfth yeare he is good enough, 
 
 The syxte yere he shall hold the plough, 
 
 The seventh yere he woll avaylle 
 
 Grete bytches for to assay lie, 
 
 The eygthe yere licke ladyll, 
 
 The nynthe yere cartsadyll ; 
 
 And when he is comyn to that yere 
 
 Have him to the tannere, 
 
 For the best Hounde that ever bytche had 
 
 At nynthe yere he is full badde. 
 
 To begin the detailed description with, the head which 
 includes jaws, teeth, eyes, ears, and brain development 
 first the general form must be considered. It must be 
 quite evident that " headed like a snake " cannot mean 
 "like a snake's head/' which is short, flat, and blunt, or 
 truncated. I understand the Abbess to use the snake itself, 
 not its head only, as a simile of the length and thinness 
 of the Greyhound's head. 
 
 Arrian says: "Your Greyhounds should have light and 
 well-articulated heads, whether hooked or flat-nosed is not 
 of much consequence, nor does it greatly matter whether 
 the parts beneath the forehead be protuberant with muscle. 
 They are alone bad which are heavy-headed, having thick 
 nostrils, with a blunt instead of a pointed termination." 
 Edmund de Langley, in his " Mayster of Game," says : 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 23 
 
 " The Greihound should have a long hede and somedele 
 grete, ymakyd in the manner of a luce ; a good large 
 mouth and good sessours, the one again the other, so that 
 the nether jaws passe not them above, ne that thei above 
 passe not him by neither " ; and coming down to Gervase 
 Markham, in the sixteenth century, we have his descrip- 
 tion : " He should have a fine long leane head, with a 
 sharp nose, rush grown from the eyes downward." 
 
 The general form and character of the head is here 
 pretty fairly sketched, and we see a very close agreement 
 between these old authorities. It appears to me that the 
 "Mayster of Game" was the most happy in his illustra- 
 tion, " Made in the manner of a luce " that is, a full- 
 grown pike as the heads of the Greyhound and pike will 
 bear a fair comparison without straining; and who can 
 say it was not the exigencies of rhyme that compelled our 
 sporting Abbess to set up for us that stumbling-block, the 
 head of a snake ? No doubt she thought of the excellent 
 illustration the neck of the drake offered her, and had 
 to find a rhyme to it ; but she might with as great 
 propriety have written : 
 
 The Grehound should be heeded like a luce 
 And neckyd like a goose. 
 
 The force of illustration lost in the second line is more 
 than compensated for by the strength of the first. Markham 
 is right in desiring a "long leane head," though even that 
 may be carried to a fault : but we do not want the " part 
 beneath the forehead protuberant of muscle"; and the 
 " heavy-headed, with thick nostrils and a blunt nose," I 
 must, with Arrian, discard altogether as thoroughly bad, 
 
24 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 too slow, and certain to be " too clever by half." Looking 
 at the whole head, we see by the sloping in of the side 
 walls of the skull how the brain capacity is diminished, 
 and how the elongation and narrowing of head and jaws 
 have almost obliterated the olfactory organs, the internal 
 cavities becoming contracted, and presenting so much less 
 surface that the scenting powers are necessarily limited, 
 although it is a mistake to suppose that they are entirely 
 lost. This is just what we want in the Greyhound; he 
 must run by sight, never using his nose ; he must have 
 the brain developed where it shows courage, not intelli- 
 gence. When a Retriever has to puzzle out a lost bird 
 his nose and his intelligence are both put to the test, and 
 the higher the development the better the dog. And as 
 we find the intellectual faculties highest in those dogs with 
 most brain, so we select our Retrievers thus formed; but 
 as this would be a disadvantage in the Greyhound, which 
 we want to run honest and fair such as Justice Shallow 
 in the " Merry Wives of Windsor " describes : 
 
 He is a good dog and a fair dog ; 
 
 Can there be more said ? he is good and fair 
 
 we select them without this intellectual development, by 
 use of which they would soon study the wiles and shifts 
 of "poor Wat," and, to save their wind and legs, "run 
 cunning " that is, do a " waiting race," the cunning dog 
 allowing his fellow to do the work, whilst he hangs back 
 for the hare to be turned into his mouth. A Greyhound 
 should measure well round the head by the ears, which 
 is a sure indication of the courage that gives dash and 
 persistence to his efforts. 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 25 
 
 By "hooked nose" I presume Arrian to mean that the 
 upper jaw protrudes; but that would decidedly be a fault, 
 as a dog so formed would be at a disadvantage in holding 
 and killing his hare. This formation, called overshot, or 
 pig-jawed, is often met with in various breeds of dogs, 
 but if at all excessive is most objectionable. The oppo- 
 site to that is sometimes seen, and we have them under- 
 shot, though such cases are comparatively rare, and owe 
 their origin to the cross with the Bulldog, which has been 
 resorted to to give stamina, courage, and staunchness. The 
 form to be desired is the level mouth, with the "good 
 sessours, the one again the other." 
 
 There is a formation of muzzle met with which is 
 slightly ridged or Roman nosed; if not excessive, this 
 is no detriment to the dog's practical usefulness, although 
 as a matter of taste it may not be considered as adding 
 to the beauty of his appearance. This peculiarity may 
 exist with a good level mouth. 
 
 The teeth themselves are important, and should be large, 
 strong, and white, the fangs sharp and powerful the upper 
 ones just overlapping those in the lower jaw ; this is not only 
 necessary for their work, but is always a sign of health. 
 
 " The eye," Arrian says, " should be large, upraised, 
 clear, and strikingly bright. The best look fiery, and 
 flash like lightning, resembling those of leopards, lions, 
 or lynxes." Markham says : " A full, clear eye, with long 
 eyelids." The latter peculiarity I have never observed, 
 probably from want of a close attention to the point; but 
 the clear, bright, and fiery eye is always a necessity, 
 although, of course, the condition of the dog and the 
 circumstances under which he is seen must be considered 
 
26 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 in judging of it ; the colour varies with that of the coat, 
 as in all breeds. I have only met with one instance of 
 wall-eye, or china-eye, such as is so common in the peculiar 
 dappled grizzle-coloured Colleys, and that was in a pure 
 bred and very handsome dog with light blue briiidle 
 markings; it is certainly a disfigurement, but in no way 
 interferes with the dog's vision. 
 
 Of the ears Arrian writes : " They should be large and 
 soft, so as to appear broken; but it is no bad indication 
 if they appear erect, provided they are not small and stiff. " 
 This description would not be accepted as satisfactory now, 
 as ears are preferred small and free from all coarseness. 
 Neither does Markham's "a sharp ear, short, and close- 
 falling," quite convey the modern idea of a Greyhound's 
 ear; it should be soft, fine in leather, and folded, with 
 the shoulder of the ear strong enough to carry the whole 
 up when the dog is excited or his attention fixed. 
 
 The neck is the next point, and it is one of very great 
 importance ; it must be long, strong, well-clothed with 
 muscle, yet withal light, airy, and possessing wonderful 
 flexibility and suppleness. Arrian says: "The neck should 
 be long, round, and flexible, so that if you forcibly draw 
 the dogs backwards by their collars it may seem to be 
 broken from its flexibility and softness." The neck is 
 certainly wonderfully pliant, and readily bent to either 
 side at will. Our Eoyal writer says : "The neck should 
 be grete and longe, and bowed as a swanne's neck"; 
 Markham : " A long neck, a little bending, with a loose, 
 hanging wezand." The last point is not correct, and 
 might convey the idea that there was a looseness of skin 
 underneath : the windpipe, although easily felt, does not 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 27 
 
 hang loose,, the whole neck being neat, round, clean made, 
 and elegantly carried. A long neck, as well as a long head, 
 is necessary to enable the dog to pick up, carry, or bear 
 the hare without stopping, which he will do throwing his 
 head up with the hare in his mouth ; but a dog with 
 a short neck would have to stoop so in catching his hare, 
 that there would be a very great chance of his coming a 
 "cropper," the force at which he was going throwing him 
 heels over head. 
 
 Continuing from the neck we have the broad, square, 
 beam-like back, of good length and great strength; with- 
 out this the dog could not endure the exhaustive process 
 of the " pumpers" he is submitted to. The chest, too, 
 must be deep, and fairly wide. Arrian says : " Broad chests 
 are better than narrow; shoulders wide apart, not tied 
 together, but as loose and free as possible; legs round, 
 straight, and well-jointed; sides strong; loins broad, firm, 
 not fleshy, but sinewy ; upper flanks loose and supple ; 
 hips wide asunder ; lower flanks hollow ; tail long, fine, 
 and supple ; haunches sweeping, and fine to the touch." 
 In respect to the chest, it is needless to say how all- 
 important it is that it should be capacious; but we must 
 get capacity from the depth and squareness, not from the 
 bulged-out, barrel form, which would produce slow move- 
 ment and a heavy-fronted dog that would soon tire. 
 Take Markham's description in " The Country Farm " : 
 "A long, broad, and square beam back, with high, 
 round fillets; he must be deep, swine-sided, with hollow 
 bended ribs and a full brest." 
 
 " The Mayster of Game " gives an excellent description : 
 " Her shuldres as a roebuck ; the for leggs streght and 
 
28 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 grete ynow, and nought to hind legges; the feet straught 
 and round as a catte, and great cleas; the boones and the 
 joyntes of the cheyne grete and hard as the chyne of an 
 hert ; the thighs great and squarred as an hare ; the 
 houghs str eight, and not crompyng as of an oxe." The 
 shoulders should be set on as obliquely as possible, to 
 enable the dog to throw his fore legs well forward in his 
 gallop, the shoulder blades sloping in towards each other 
 as they rise ; they should be well clothed with muscle, 
 but not fleshy and coarse so as to look loaded; the 
 shoulders should not be tied together, but have plenty of 
 freedom this, with the strong muscles of the loin, enables 
 the dog to turn fast and cleverly; the elbows must be 
 neither turned out nor in; the bone of the leg must be 
 strong; there must be good length of arm; and the leg 
 below the knee must be short and very strong, and the 
 foot round and cat-like; well sprung knuckles, a firm, hard, 
 thick sole, and large, strong nails, are also essential. 
 
 The beam-like back is to give the necessary strength; 
 the deep chest is needed with sufficient width to give 
 plenty of room for the lungs and heart to freely perform 
 their functions; width is needed that the necessary room 
 may be got without making the chest so deep as to be 
 in the way and catch against stones, tussocks, and lumps 
 of turf on rough, coarse ground, when the dog is fully 
 stretched in the gallop ; the oblique shoulders enable the 
 dog to throw his legs well forward and close together, 
 thus enabling him to cover a lot of ground at each stride, 
 and also, in connection with his long and supple neck, to 
 throw himself through an astonishingly small meuse. The 
 necessity of sufficient bone, big, strong joints, and muscular 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 29 
 
 legs is apparent where such violent exertion is called for, 
 and the round, cat-like foot, is a necessity of speed : no 
 one would have the wheels of a fast-going gig made as 
 broad in the tyre as those of a four-ton waggon. The 
 soles are required hard and tough that they may stand 
 the wear and tear of rough ground and stony lanes, if 
 these have to be travelled over; the strong claws give the 
 dog purchase over the ground. 
 
 The loins must be strong; a Greyhound weak there 
 might be fast for a spurt, but he would prove merely 
 flashy, being neither able to endure nor yet be good at 
 his turns. When Markham says, " short and strong fillets/' 
 he means the loin the term being used in speaking of the 
 horse not the fleshy part of the thigh, which the teim 
 might seem to indicate. The hips must be wide asunder, 
 and the hind legs straight as regards each other, "not 
 crompyng as of an oxe " that is, as we now express it, 
 not cow-hocked but they must be bent or sickle-hocked, 
 and the thighs with immense and well-developed muscle. 
 The same strength of muscular development is needed 
 as in the fore legs, and especially there should be no weak- 
 ness below the knee. The dog should stand rather wide 
 behind, and higher than before ; the slight width gives 
 additional propelling force, and the higher hind quarters 
 additional speed and power in racing up hill, as hares 
 invariably do, if they can, unless there is temptation of a 
 covert near, a fact quaintly expressed in the " Booke of 
 St. Alban's " : 
 
 " Tell me, Maystre," quod the man, " what is the skyll 
 Why the Haare wolde so fayne renne against the hill ? " 
 Quod the Mayster, "For her legges be shorter before 
 Than behind ; that is the skyll thore." 
 
30 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 In respect to the tail, all agree it should be long and 
 fine. Markham says: "An even growne long rat's tail, 
 round, turning at the lower end leashward, and full set 
 on between the buttocks." The " Mayster of Game " 
 says : " A catte's tayle, making a ring at eend, but not 
 to hie." The tail, no doubt, acts as a rudder, and as 
 such must play an important part in swerving and 
 turning. 
 
 Colour in Greyhounds should go for little; for although 
 many persons have a prejudice in favour of a special fancy, 
 experience proves that there are good of all. In the 
 hunting poem by Gratius, as translated by Wase, we are 
 told to 
 
 Chnse the Greyhound pied with black and white : 
 He runs more swift than thought or winged flight. 
 
 Arrian considered the colour of Greyhounds of no im- 
 portance; but most old, and also modern, writers have 
 their preferences. As directly opposite to the opinion 
 just quoted, Oppian objects to white and black, as too 
 sensitive to heat and cold. De Langley says : " Of all 
 manere of Greihoundes there byn both good and evel; 
 Natheless the best hewe is rede falow, with a black 
 moselle." " Stonehenge " says the colours preferred are 
 black, and red or fawn, with black muzzle ; and it may 
 be worth notice that, in quoting him, "Idstone" falls into 
 the singular mistake of saying they should have red 
 muzzles. Turberville mentions white, fallow, dun, and 
 black as the preferable colours of Hounds; and that the 
 dun is an old favourite colour may be inferred from the 
 following lines from an ancient metrical romance : 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 31 
 
 " Sir, yf you be on hunting bounde, 
 I shall you gyve a good Greyhounde 
 
 That is dunne as a doo ; 
 For as I am trewe gentlewoman, 
 There was never deer that he at ran 
 That myght ysoape him fro." 
 
 At the sale of the Greyhounds of that eminent courser, 
 Lord Kivers, in May, 1825, a list of which is given in 
 Goodlake's " Courser's Manual," there were, out of fifty-two 
 dogs, twenty-three all black, fourteen all blue, six red, four 
 blue and white, and one all white. There are still many 
 coursers who prefer the pure black or the red ; but the follow- 
 ing short list, taken from the " Coursing Calendar," shows 
 good Greyhounds of many different colours : Scotland Yet and 
 her sons Canaradzo and Calioja were white; Cerito, fawn 
 and white; Lobelia, brindled and white; Lady Stormont, 
 black and white ; Master M'Grath, black and white ; Beacon, 
 Blue Light, and Sapphire, all blue ; High Idea, blue ticked ; 
 Bed of Stone, Bab at the Bowster, and Sea Cove, red ; 
 Cauld Kail, red ticked; Mocking Bird, Cashier, and Black 
 Knight, all black ; Landgravine and Elsecar, brindled. 
 
 As regards size, the medium-sized dog is preferred by 
 most, There is a considerable difference, both in height 
 and weight, between the dog and bitch. Prejudice against 
 small dogs received a shock by the double victory 
 of Coomassie in the Waterloo Cup, she being a bitch of 
 only 421b. running weight; and her appearance, also, was 
 not prepossessing, her colour being a washed-out fawn. 
 Again, Penelope II., the runner up for the Cup in 1886, 
 weighed but 411b., her victor, Miss Glendyne, weighing 
 541b. ; this seeming to confirm the courser's adage, " A 
 good big one will always beat a good little one." 
 
THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 A cross with tlie Bulldog was resorted to by Lord Orford 
 with the object of giving additional courage to the Grey- 
 hound, and it was held to have produced that result; but 
 subsequent experiments in that way have not, I believe, 
 resulted successfully. 
 
 SUMMARY OF POINTS OP MODERN GREYHOUND. 
 
 The, Head. Long and lean, but wide between ears, 
 measuring in girth, just before or close in behind, about 
 15in. in a dog 26in. high, with a length from occiput 
 to nose of about lOin. to 10^-in. 
 
 The Ears. Set on well back, small and fine in the flap, 
 falling gracefully with a half fold back, exposing the inner 
 surface. Erect or pricked ears are now seldom seen, and 
 are disliked. 
 
 The Eye. Varying in colour; must be bright, clear, and 
 fiery. 
 
 The Teeth. Strong and white, the upper canines, with 
 the slight curve they possess, clipping those of the lower 
 jaw. (Yalue 15.) 
 
 The Neck. Length and suppleness are of great im- 
 portance, to enable the dog to seize the hare as he runs 
 at full speed. It is elegantly bent or arched above the 
 windpipe, giving it a slightly protuberant form along the 
 lower surface, the whole gradually swelling out to meet 
 the shoulders. (Value 10.) 
 
 Chest and Fore Quarters (including shoulders and tore 
 legs). The Chest must be capacious, and the room ob- 
 tained more by depth than width, to give free action to 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 33 
 
 the heart and lungs. The, Shoulders. The scapula,, or 
 shoulder blade, must be oblique, that the fore legs may be 
 readily stretched well forward. The arm from shoulder to 
 elbow, and fore arm from elbow to knee, both of good 
 length, and short from knee to the ground. The Elbows 
 must not turn either in or out, but be in a straight line, 
 so that the action may be free. The Muscles for expansion 
 and retraction of the several parts of legs and shoulders 
 must be large and well-developed. (Value 20.) 
 
 Loin and Back Ribs. The back should be broad and 
 square, or beam-like, slightly arched, but not approaching 
 to the wheel back of the Italian Toy Greyhound. The loin 
 wide, deep, and strong, the muscles well-developed through- 
 out, so that, although the flank is cut up, it yet measures 
 well round and this is important, as showing strength. 
 (Value 15.) 
 
 Hind Quarters. Strong, broad across, the stifles well 
 bent; first and second thigh both big with muscle; the legs 
 rather wide apart, and longer than the fore legs, short 
 from the hock to the ground. (Value 20.) 
 
 Feet. Eound, with the toes well sprung, the claws strong, 
 and the pad, or sole, compact and hard. (Value 10.) 
 
 Tail. Long, taper, and nicely curved. (Value 5.) 
 
 Coat and Colour. Coat fine, thick, and close, and colour 
 clear. (Value 5.) 
 
 The Greyhound selected to illustrate the breed in this 
 instance is a white and brindled bitch the property of 
 Mr. D. H. Owen, of Belmont Bank, Shrewsbury, and 
 named Lady Shrewsbury. She is a very handsome bitch, 
 a winner at several shows, and also of some coursing 
 stakes, including the cup at Sundorne. 
 
 D 
 
34 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 The classes of Greyhounds seen at our shows vary very 
 much as to numbers. There are seldom a dozen specimens 
 at the great London shows, although at the time of the 
 summer show at the Crystal Palace Greyhounds are idle, and 
 could be sent in scores if coursers put any value on prizes 
 won in the show ring. This is not the case, however, 
 and the consequence is that competition is very much 
 limited. 
 
 The best classes of Greyhounds are to be met with at 
 provincial shows, in coursing counties, where the local 
 celebrities are shown by their owners ; but at many shows 
 one or more good-looking dogs that have been brought 
 out generally in the North are first run round a few of 
 the summer shows, and then, getting into the hands of 
 regular exhibitors, snap up most of the prizes throughout 
 the country. Some of these prize dogs have been fair 
 performers, and are eminently handsome specimens, and 
 invariably well bred; I give the measurements of a 
 few, which may be compared with those of some Waterloo 
 Cup Winners, for particulars of which latter I am indebted 
 to the "Coursing- Calendar."* The show dogs will have been 
 weighed and measured in a fatter state than the Cup 
 winners, as the weight of the latter represents that which 
 they scaled when trained to run. The Earl of Haddington's 
 Honey wood and Mr. H. G. Miller's Misterton each ran at 
 the weight of 631b., Princess Dagmar 581b., Snowflight 
 47|lb.,, Wild Mint 451b., and Coomassie at 421b., all of 
 these being winners of the Waterloo Cup. In respect to 
 three of them the measurements were as follows : 
 
 * Published at The Field Office, 346, Strand, London. 
 
THE MODERN GREYHOUND. 
 
 35 
 
 MEASUREMENTS. 
 
 PRINCESS 
 DAGMAR. 
 
 H 
 
 fc 
 
 H 
 
 Q 
 J 
 
 fc 
 
 HONEYWOOD. 
 
 Head 
 
 Inches. 
 
 Inches. 
 
 Inches. 
 
 From tip of snout to joining of neck 
 
 8* 
 
 9 
 
 H 
 
 Girth of head between eyes and ears 
 snout .. 
 
 18| 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 15| 
 9 
 
 Distance between eyes . . . 
 
 2 
 
 H 
 
 2 
 
 Neck 
 Length from head to shoulders 
 
 9^ 
 
 7f 
 
 9i 
 
 Girth round neck 
 
 13f 
 
 12t 
 
 14| 
 
 Bade 
 From neck to base of tail 
 
 24 
 
 22 
 
 23 fc 
 
 Tail- 
 
 19 
 
 17 
 
 20 
 
 Hips 
 
 
 
 
 Length of loin from junction of last rib to hip 
 bone . 
 
 8J 
 
 8 
 
 7k 
 
 Length, of hip bone to socket of thigh joint 
 
 5 2 L 
 
 7^ 
 
 7* 
 
 Fore Leg 
 
 
 
 
 From base of two middle nails to fetlock joint 
 
 
 2| 
 
 
 fetlock joint to elbow joint 
 
 
 10* 
 
 101 
 
 elbow joint to shoulder blade 
 
 12 
 
 1H 
 
 13 
 
 Thickness of fore leg before the elbow 
 
 6* 
 
 5J 
 
 7 
 
 Hind Leg 
 From hock to stifle joint . 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 10J- 
 
 Stifle joint, to top of hip bone 
 Girth of ham part of thigh . 
 
 m 
 
 16 
 
 10* 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 17 
 
 '1 hickness of second thigh below stifle 
 
 9* 
 
 7 
 
 8* 
 
 Body 
 Girth round depth of chest ... ... 
 
 27 
 
 26^ 
 
 30fc 
 
 loins . 
 
 23 
 
 181 
 
 23 
 
 The following measurements of good show dogs may be 
 taken as a fair average : 
 
 Mr. J. L. Bensted's Greyhound Chimney Sweep : Age, 5 
 years ; weight, 661b. ; height at shoulder, 26|in. ; length 
 from nose to set on of tail, 42^in. ; length of tail, 19in. ; 
 girth of chest, 29|in. ; girth of loin, 21in. ; girth of head. 
 15in. ; girth of forearm, 6|in. ; length of head from occiput 
 
 D 2 
 
36 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 to tip of nose, 10^-in. ; girth of muzzle midway between 
 eyes and tip of nose, 8-Jin. ; measured in working con- 
 dition. Chimney Sweep won the gold medal in his 
 class at the Paris International Dog Show, 1878. Mr. 
 J. H. Salter's Greyhound dog Snapdragon : Age, 8 years ; 
 weight, 721b. ; height at shoulder, 27in. ; length from 
 nose to set on of tail, 41in. ; length of tail, 19in. ; girth 
 of chest, 31-i-in. ; girth of loin, 22in. ; girth of head, 15in. ; 
 girth of forearm, 7in. ; length of head from occiput to 
 tip of nose, 10^-in. ; girth of muzzle midway between eyes 
 and tip of nose, 7-f-in. Mr. J. H. Salter's Greyhound 
 bitch Satanella : Age, 5 years; weight, 57-2-11). ; height at 
 shoulder, 24^-in. j length from nose to set on of tail, 41-|-m. 
 length of tail, 18|-in. ; girth of chest, 30|-in. ; girth of loin, 
 21in. ; girth of head, 14^-in. ; girth of forearm, 6^-in. ; length 
 of head from occiput to tip of nose, 9in. ; girth of muzzle 
 midway between eyes and tip of nose, 8in. 
 
COURSING. 
 
 Antiquity of Coursing Xenophon's Treatise on Hunting 
 Arrian a Master of the Art of Hunting The Greyhound in 
 Italy and Greece Lcelaps Ovid Cromwell a Courser 
 Establishment of the First Coursing Club Ashdown Park 
 Meeting The Maltou Club The Newmarket The 
 Amesbury The Altcar The Waterloo Cup Hlxclusiveness 
 of the Old Clubs Influence of Democracy on Coursing 
 The National Coursing Club : Constitution of; Officers j 
 Rules " Greyhound Stud Book " Points of the Course 
 Definition of Points Allowances for Accidents Penalties 
 Enclosed Coursing : Principal Grounds for ; Advantages of; 
 Opinions for and against Staying Power in Greyhounds 
 A Long Run What Qualities a Coursing Dog should 
 
 THE hunting of the hare with fleet-footed dogs pursuing 
 their quarry by sight only is of ancient date, but far from 
 being such an old-established sport as the pursuit of the 
 hare and other wild animals by dogs of the sagacious 
 order relying on that faculty of scent which, in many 
 varieties of the dog, is developed to such a marvellous 
 extent as to astonish us, and has led so keen and accurate 
 an observer and cautious reasoner as Haekel to form 
 
38 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 the opinion that it is not merely our own sense of smell 
 greatly magnified, but one essentially different. 
 
 Xenophon, who died at Corinth 395 B.C., at the age of 
 ninety years, wrote a treatise on hunting, the modes of 
 setting snares and nets; the natural history, food, and 
 habits of the hare; how to search for it; and what dogs 
 were clever at scenting, and what faulty ; as well as 
 showing how, by stratagem, the fierce animals of the 
 chase the boar, bear, and lion might be taken. Hare- 
 hunting by dogs running the hare or stag down by fleet- 
 ness of foot and keenness of sight was unknown to him, 
 the Greyhound, which was a dog peculiar to the Celts of 
 Gaul and Britain, not having been imported to Italy and 
 Greece till some centuries after Xenophon' s time. Nothing 
 in history is much clearer than this fact, and it fully dis- 
 poses of the specific name of Grcecus being used to 
 designate the Greyhound, as indicating for him a Greek 
 origin. 
 
 Arrian, who was born at the end of the first or very 
 early in the second century, for he was made a citizen 
 of Rome by the Emperor in 124 A.D., and consequently 
 lived about 500 years later than Xenophon, was a master 
 of the art of hunting in all its then known branches, 
 and well acquainted with the cynegetica of Xenophon, 
 and he took up the subject, adopting the name of his 
 predecessor, and filled up or completed his work by a 
 treatise on coursing with Celtic Greyhounds, which had 
 in the meantime been introduced to Italy and Greece. 
 
 In Dansey's translation of this treatise the ignorance 
 of the elder Xenophon of dogs of our Greyhound type, 
 and the thorough knowledge of them possessed by Arrian 
 
COURSING. 39 
 
 (or the younger Xenophon), are made evident, this one 
 very short quotation putting the case very clearly. Arrian 
 writes : " And that he (the elder Xenophon) was un- 
 acquainted with any breed of dogs resembling the Celtic 
 in point of swiftness is evident from these words : 
 'Whatever hares are caught by dogs become their 
 prey, contrary to the natural shape of the animal, or 
 accidentally/ Now, if he had been acquainted with the 
 Celtic breed I think he would have made the very same 
 remark on the dogs : ' Whatever hares the dogs do not 
 catch at speed, they fail of catching, in contradiction of 
 their shape, or from some accidental circumstance/ For 
 assuredly, when Greyhounds are in good condition, and 
 of high courage, no hare can escape them." This is clear 
 reasoning, by a practical sportsman, and is undeniable. 
 Our Greyhounds are formed for speed ; but no dog 
 hunting by scent is cast in the mould to run a hare down 
 by outpacing her. 
 
 The introduction of the Greyhound into Italy and 
 Greece had taken place at least a century and a half 
 before the time of Arrian, for the dog is referred to by 
 writers of that period, including Yirgil, Ovid, and Gratius. 
 Ovid, in describing the fleetness of the Celtic Hound, 
 poetically identifies the Greyhound with the mythic Laelaps 
 fashioned by Vulcan, and, after changing hands as often 
 as a modern show winner, eventually presented by Procris 
 to Cephalus ; but the said Laelaps was described by Pollux 
 as of the Molossian or Mastive type. Ovid's description 
 of a single-handed course, as translated by Dryden, 
 and given on page 20, is almost positive evidence 
 that he was a practical courser ; and his description of 
 
40 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 the dash and swiftness of the Greyhound on being slipped, 
 as rendered by Golding, supplies additional evidence of 
 his having been a partaker in the sport : 
 
 " Scarcely had we let him off from hand, 
 But that where Lselaps was we could not understand ; 
 The print remained of his feet upon the parched sand, 
 But he was clearly out of sight. Was never dart, I trow, 
 Nor pellet from enforced sling, nor shaft from Creetish bow, 
 That flew more swift than he did run." 
 
 From these ancient days we can trace no important 
 change in the dog or the sport till quite modern times. 
 
 Coursing in England was, as already noticed, reduced 
 to a system by the code of laws regulating it drawn up by 
 the Duke of Norfolk in the reign of Elizabeth. From that 
 date the sport grew in favour, and not even the puritanic 
 spirit of the Commonwealth stopped its progress ; in fact, 
 Cromwell was himself a courser and an ardent lover of the 
 Greyhound. The next great public act consolidating the 
 sport did not take place till near the end of last century, 
 when the first coursing club was established by Lord Orford, 
 at S waff ham, in 1776. Four years later Lord Craven esta- 
 blished the celebrated Ashdown Park Meeting. The 
 following year (1781) saw the Malton Club formed, and 
 gradually such institutions spread over England, 'the great 
 Newmarket Society being formed in 1805, with numbers of 
 others of more or less importance, up to the celebrated 
 Amesbury in 1822, and the still greater Altcar Society in 
 1825 ; and ultimately, in 1836, on the plains of Altcar, the 
 greatest annual coursing event in the world was esta- 
 blished, " the blue ribbon of the leash " as it has been 
 called, the Waterloo Cup, now contended for every February 
 
COURSING. 41 
 
 by sixty-four Greyhounds,, nominated by sixty-four coursers, 
 English, Scotch, and Irish. 
 
 The next great event in coursing annals was the estab- 
 lishment of the National Coursing Club in 1858, which 
 began its work by formulating a code of laws for the 
 regulation of coursing meetings and the guidance of 
 judges that at once approved themselves to the great 
 body of coursing men. The laws of the Club are now 
 the laws of the leash, not at home only, but in the Greater 
 Britain beyond the seas, and wherever coursing has taken 
 root, as it has most firmly with our brethren in Cali- 
 fornia, and still more so with our fellow countrymen in 
 Australia. 
 
 Long before the establishment of the National Coursing 
 Club causes were at work strengthening the foundations of 
 this national sport and widely extending its influence and 
 popularity, and these, in fact, made the Club a necessity. 
 
 The old clubs were, in accordance with the spirit of the 
 times, rigidly exclusive. The votaries of the leash of that 
 period determined that, in coursing at least, " the toe of 
 the peasant should not come so near the heel of the 
 courtier as to gall his kibe/ ; and so we find that no dog 
 was permitted to run at a meeting which was not the 
 property of a member, or of someone taken to the meeting 
 by a member. 
 
 But the giant Democracy, having given many uneasy 
 turns in his long sleep, was now rubbing his eyes and 
 stirring in earnest. The days of railways came in with 
 the Waterloo Cup the first, and still the chief, of open 
 coursing meetings and the dawn of a really free and 
 independent Press was visible. 
 
42 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 These three things open competition,, cheap and rapid 
 travelling, and the Press brought coursers together and 
 made the doings of all open to all, thus stimulating 
 praiseworthy emulation and giving greater zest to the 
 sport. 
 
 In the early days of free coursing, even Bell's Life did 
 not give more than the results of stakes and matches ; whilst 
 now no sporting paper of repute exists that does not send 
 its specialist to report on the running at all important public 
 meetings, and even the daily papers of London and the chief 
 provincial towns supply their readers with full information 
 respecting the principal coursing events. 
 
 The National Coursing Club being the supreme authority 
 on all coursing matters framing and administering laws, 
 arbitrating on disputes, settling betting questions, and 
 with, power to disqualify from participation in the sport 
 at all meetings held under its rules those who infringe 
 or set at nought its rulings it will be well to glance 
 at its constitution and the basis on which it rests. The 
 Club consists of members elected to that position by the 
 coursing clubs of the United Kingdom which are of more 
 than one year's standing, and which have not less than 
 twenty-four members. The Club thus formed has the power 
 to elect twenty-five additional members from among well- 
 known supporters of public coursing, such members being 
 elected for five years. Ten members from those elected 
 by the several local clubs retire annually, their places being 
 filled by those clubs electing others or re-electing the 
 retiring members. The Club holds two general meetings 
 in the year for the despatch of business, revision or altera- 
 tion of rules, election of members, &c., one of these in 
 
COURSING. 43 
 
 London on the last Wednesday in June, and the other in 
 Liverpool on the day of entry for the Waterloo Cup. 
 
 The Club has instituted a " Greyhound Stud Book/' and 
 it is required that every dog that runs at public coursing 
 meetings shall be registered by name, pedigree, and descrip- 
 tion in that book, which is very ably edited by Mr. D. 
 Brown, Dairy, Ayrshire. 
 
 The Earl of Sefton, over whose lands at Altcar the 
 Waterloo Cup is run for, has been for many years 
 president of the Club. The honorary secretary is Mr. 
 E. B. Carruthers, Huntingdon Lodge, Dumfries. 
 
 It will be seen from the 1 preceding condensed statement 
 that the National Coursing Club rests on a liberal elective 
 basis, and in this important matter of principle is in direct 
 contrast to the Kennel Club the ruling body in all matters 
 pertaining to dog shows which is self-elected. 
 
 It is unnecessary here to recapitulate the somewhat 
 lengthy, very complete, and carefully-drawn code of rules 
 of the Club ; but what is of the greatest consequence for all 
 to know who would indulge in coursing are the points of 
 the course on which the merits of the competitors are 
 decided by the judge, and these I give in extenso here. 
 They are founded on the code of the Duke of Norfolk, and 
 variations on that code made by the earlier clubs, and are 
 the result of the gradual development of coursing under 
 modern conditions, the alterations in them being improve- 
 ments, in so much that they better meet the wants of to- 
 day. The curious in coursing lore will find the Duke of 
 Norfolk's code of laws in Goodlake, Thacker, and still older 
 writers, and the alterations made in it, traced to that 
 which now rules the sport. 
 
44 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 The points of the course are : 
 
 (a.) Speed. Which shall be estimated as one, two, or three 
 points, according to the degree of superiority shown. [See 
 definition below (a).] 
 
 (fe.) The Go-bye. Two points ; or, if gained on the outer circle, 
 three points. 
 
 (c.) The Turn. One point. 
 
 (d.) The Wrench. Half a point. 
 
 (e.) The Kill. Two points, or in a descending scale, in pro- 
 portion to the degree of merit displayed in the kill, which may 
 be of no value. 
 
 (/.) The Trip. One point. 
 Definition of points : 
 
 (a.) In estimating the value of speed to the hare, the judge 
 must take into account the several forms in which it may be 
 displayed, viz. : 
 
 1. Where, in the run up, a clear lead is gained by one 
 of the dogs, in which case one, two, or three points may 
 be given, according to the length of the lead, apart from 
 the score for a turn or wrench. In awarding these points 
 the judge shall take into consideration the merits of a lead 
 obtained by a dog which has lost ground at the start, either 
 from being unsighted or from a bad slip, or which has had 
 to run the outer circle. 
 
 2. Where one Greyhound leads the other so long as the 
 hare runs straight, but loses the lead from her bending 
 round decidedly in favour of the slower dog of her own 
 accord, in which case the one Greyhound shall score one 
 point for the speed shown, and the other dog score one 
 point for the first turn. 
 
 3. Under no circumstances is speed without subsequent 
 work to be allowed to decide a course, except when great 
 superiority is shown by one Greyhound over another in a 
 long lead to covert. 
 
 If a dog after gaining the first six points still keeps 
 possession of the hare by superior speed, he shall have 
 double the proscribed allowance for the subsequent points 
 made before his opponent begins to score. 
 
COURSING. 45 
 
 (6.) The Go-lye is where a Greyhound starts a clear length 
 behind his opponent, and yet passes him in a straight run, and 
 gets a clear length before him. 
 
 (c.) The Turn is where the hare is brought round at not less 
 than a right angle from her previous line. 
 
 (d.) The Wrench is where the hare is bent from her line at 
 less than a right angle; but where she only leaves her line to 
 suit herself, and not from the Greyhound pressing her, nothing 
 is to be allowed. 
 
 (e.) The Merits of a Kill must be estimated according to 
 whether a Greyhound by his own superior dash and skill bears 
 the hare, whether he picks her up through any little accidental 
 circumstances favouring him, or whether she is turned into his 
 mouth, as it were, by the other Greyhound. 
 
 (/.) The Trip, or unsuccessful effort to kill, is where the hare 
 is thrown off her legs, or where a Greyhound flecks her but 
 cannot hold her. 
 
 The following allowances shall be made for accidents to 
 a G-reyhound during a course; but in every case they 
 shall only be deducted from the other dog's score : 
 
 (a.) For losing ground at the start, either from being un- 
 sighted or from a bad slip, in which case the judge is to 
 decide what amount of allowance is to be made, on the principle 
 that the score of the foremost dog is not to begin until the 
 second has had an opportunity of joining in the course; and 
 the judge may decide the course, or declare the course to be an 
 undecided or no course as he may think fit. 
 
 (6.) Where a hare bears very decidedly in favour of one of 
 the Greyhounds after the first or subsequent turns, in which 
 case the next point shall not be scored by the dog unduly 
 favoured, or only half his points allowed, according to circum- 
 stances. No Greyhound shall receive any allowance for a fall 
 or an accident, with the exception of being ridden over by the 
 owner of the competing Greyhound or his servant, provided 
 for in Rule 30, or when pressing his hare, in which case his 
 opponent shall not count the next point made. 
 
 [E-ULE 30. Riding over a Greyhound. If any subscriber or 
 his servant shall ride over his opponent's Greyhound while 
 running a course, the owner of the dog so ridden over shall, 
 
46 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 although the course be given against him, be deemed the 
 winner of it, or shall have the option of allowing the dog 
 to remain and run out the stake, and in such a case shall 
 be entitled to half its winnings.] 
 
 Penalties are as follow : 
 
 (a.) Where a Greyhound, from his own defect, refuses to 
 follow the hare at which he is slipped, he shall lose the course. 
 
 (6.) Where a dog wilfully stands still in a course, or departs 
 from directly pursuing the hare, no points subsequently made 
 by him shall be scored; and if the points made by him up to 
 that time be just equal to those made by his antagonist in the 
 whole course, he shall thereby lose the course; but where one 
 or both dogs stop with the hare in view, through inability to 
 continue the course, it shall be decided according to the number 
 of points gained by each dog during the whole course. 
 
 (c.) If a dog refuses to fence where the other fences, any 
 points subsequently made by him are not to be scored ; but if 
 he does his best to fence, and is foiled by sticking in a meuse, 
 the course shall end there. When the points are equal the 
 superior fencer shall win the course. 
 
 The above rules in their present, as in their primitive, 
 form, were intended for the guidance of the sport as 
 carried on in the field, and under natural conditions, so 
 far as the hare was affected ; but now they are also applied 
 to a new style of conducting the pastime, which many 
 think unfair to the game, and adverse to the true interests 
 of the sport. 
 
 The chief grounds for the carrying on of this system 
 of coursing are at High Gosforth Park, Newcastle-on- 
 Tyne, and Kempton Park, near London. I have not the 
 dimensions of the latter ground, but the former was 
 described in the Prospectus of the Company as about 
 700yds. long by 100yds. wide. The hares are kept, 
 and artificially fed, in ground surrounded by wire netting 
 6ft. high ; those of them required to be coursed are, the 
 
COURSING. 47 
 
 night before the meeting, driven (says the same Prospectus) 
 " into the south-east corner, where four large pens or 
 prisons have been made of wire and brattice cloth, these 
 pens having by artificial means been made to look like 
 young coverts." 
 
 This class of coursing receives the support of so many 
 gentlemen of position that one feels bound to think it 
 cannot possibly be so bad in practice as it looks in print; 
 and I have to acknowledge that I have never witnessed 
 such coursing, and I do not care if I never do, for no 
 amount of support, no matter if it is given by the highest 
 in the land, can ever make it better than a distorted imita- 
 tion and a mere caricature of the ancient and noble sport, 
 thus travestied for purposes of gate money and gambling. 
 It is found profitable at these places to offer very high 
 stakes to be run for, and these secure large entries and 
 the attendance of multitudes of onlookers, the majority 
 of whom probably know nothing of natural coursing, and a 
 large section of whom consist of the " sharps " and " flats " 
 who hang on to the skirts of modern sport, and to whom 
 life without betting would be insipid. The promoters of 
 coursing boxed hares say : " The advantages this descrip- 
 tion of coursing possesses over that in an open country 
 is very great; there is no tramping after hares, but, 
 on the contrary, trials can be secured as fast as the 
 judge can decide upon them." Let the reader contrast 
 that with the opinion of one of our greatest modern 
 coursers, who was, as well as a sportsman, a gentleman 
 and a scholar : " Coursing, more than any of the other 
 laborious diversions of rural life, while it ministers to our 
 moderate sensual enjoyment, admits also, during the 
 
48 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 intervals of the actual pursuit, opportunities of conversa- 
 tion with, our brethren of the leash, and mental improve- 
 ment." 
 
 Again, consider the hare, and in what contrast does the 
 practice of hunting an animal so timid that the quality 
 has caused her to be named Lepus timidus, when turned 
 out of a prison before a crowd, and one in her own chosen 
 form treated as in all coursing I have ever witnessed, and 
 which was recommended by Arrian eighteen centuries 
 ago, and acted on by all sportsmen until this modern in- 
 novation debased the sport to suit men who would be 
 coursers in patent leather boots, and the parasites of sport 
 whose only idea of it is that of a medium for enabling 
 them to become possessed of "unearned increment." 
 
 Arrian wrote : " Let the hare creep away from her form 
 as if unperceived, and recover her presence of mind ; and 
 then, if she be a racer she will prick up her ears and 
 bound away from her seat with long strides ; and the Grey- 
 hounds, having capered about as if they were dancing, will 
 stretch out at full speed after her. And at this time is the 
 spectacle worthy indeed of the pains that must necessarily 
 be bestowed on these dogs." To quote an "Amateur of 
 the Leash," writing in the " Sportsman's Cabinet," 1803, 
 respecting a famous match which did not come off for 
 a thousand guineas, appointed to be run by Colonel Thorn- 
 ton's Major, brother to the celebrated Snowball, when a 
 boxed hare was coursed in a substituted trial, and killed by 
 Major matched against a small bitch : " Such an exhibition 
 might be bearable to a few sporting amateurs; but CQuld 
 he (Major) have found a tongue when he beheld himself 
 brought to run a hare, turned out of a box, in the month 
 
COURSING. 49 
 
 of March, upon Epsom Downs, amid whiskies, buggies, and 
 gingerbread carts, well might he have exclaimed 
 
 ' To this complexion am I come at last.' " 
 
 That is how our sporting fathers viewed the effeminate 
 Cockney coursing so popular to-day. 
 
 One of the greatest qualities the Greyhound could possess 
 in the estimation of past generations of coursing men was 
 staying power. In 1798 a brace of Greyhounds belonging 
 to a gentleman in Carlisle coursed a hare from the Swift, 
 and killed her at Clemmel, a distance of seven miles. 
 In 1800 a brace of Greyhounds in Lincolnshire ran a hare 
 four miles measured in a straight line, and the turns and 
 windings were calculated to make the entire ground 
 covered up to six miles ; and many other long courses, 
 from that time down, could be quoted. I contend that 
 to breed Greyhounds for coursing in enclosures of 
 half-a-mile in length is to take the most certain means 
 of destroying one of the most valuable qualities of the 
 breed; and, for that and other reasons referred to, I hold 
 this class of running degrading to the sport which, legiti- 
 mately followed, is eminently fair to pursuer and pursued, 
 and bracing and re-invigorating to mind and body of the 
 courser. 
 
 It is evident that a dog capable of distinguishing 
 himself in such severe contests as coursing in the 
 open frequently entails must possess great speed, stamina, 
 cleverness, and courage. He must also be in a state of 
 very high training, so as to have his muscular powers 
 developed to the utmost, and all the important functional 
 organs and especially the lungs and heart in perfect 
 
50 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 order, unimpeded by fat or the distension of other organs, 
 such as the stomach and liver, as would arise from disease 
 or improper feeding. 
 
 It is now for us to consider how such a dog may be 
 obtained. To this end there are, I consider, three essential 
 conditions, with which we may, indeed, fail to produce the 
 very best, but without which we are certain to fail in 
 any endeavour to produce a good one. These are, that 
 the Greyhound shall be well bred, well reared, and well 
 trained, and I think if we take these conditions seriatim, 
 and consider each of them in detail, we cannot fail at least 
 to see the way to the making of a good fair Greyhound 
 one fit for the course and equal competition with his 
 fellows. 
 
BREEDING. 
 
 Importance of Securing good Stock Snowball Collateral 
 Breeding Laws of Heredity Selection of the Brood 
 Bitch Importance of Pedigree Trained Brood Bitches 
 Consanguineous Breeding Selecting the Dog Nicking 
 Season for Breeding Foster Dams (Estrum and Service 
 Predetermining the Sexes Treatment during Pregnancy 
 Prevention of Worms in Pups Transmission and Repro- 
 duction of Parasites Tcenia ccenurus Vermifuge 
 Parturition Pups in the Nest Weaning. 
 
 IT may be said of coursing men, with more truth, than 
 of most other classes who use dogs, that every one is a 
 breeder. It is at once a greater pleasure and a higher 
 honour to win with dogs a man has bred and reared than 
 with those purchased. Of course there are circumstances 
 which render purchase compulsory if the sport is to be 
 enjoyed at all, but the desire is general to win with dogs 
 that are entirely the courser's own in the sense referred 
 to. It is essentially necessary, therefore, for the young 
 aspirant to coursing fame to pay attention to the principles 
 of breeding as taught by physiology and enforced by ex- 
 perience. 
 
 The first step is to secure possession of the right . stock, 
 
 E 2 
 
52 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 and, to do so without the direct aid of a friendly adviser, 
 whose experience and judgment can be relied on, such 
 books as the " Coursing Calendar," " Greyhound Stud 
 Book," and other records of coursing must be consulted. 
 
 Throughout the history of the sport, since the record of 
 its minutest details began, we find that at succeeding in- 
 tervals one or more Greyhounds, or a family of them, 
 have exhibited merit so superior to their contemporaries 
 as to have become famous, and with the consequence of a 
 run upon the strain by breeders, resulting in a wide diffu- 
 sion of that blood, and its commingling with other blood 
 also highly valued by its possessors. Such practice has 
 tended to general improvement, and to the formation of 
 the striking family likeness among Greyhounds which now 
 exists to a degree it never did before, rendering distinc- 
 tion of strains visible only to the eye of the practical con- 
 noisseur. 
 
 Pedigrees may be said to have come in with the clubs ; 
 but even then, and until quite recent times, very strict atten- 
 tion to descent was not paidr especially was the pedigree 
 of the dam neglected, although of equal importance with 
 that of the sire. An excellent instance of this occurs in 
 the pedigree of Snowball, the wonder of his time, and 
 I believe the first Greyhound that was at stud use to the 
 public, which he was from the year 1800 to 1803, if not 
 later, at a fee of 3 3s. His grand-dam was Lord Orford's 
 Czarina, a yellow bitch of unknown pedigree, that won 
 forty-seven matches without being defeated. Snowball was 
 owned by Major Topham, a coursing celebrity, and his 
 dog's fame has been preserved in the lines of Sir Walter 
 Scott : 
 
BREEDING. 53 
 
 Who knows not Snowball, he whose race renowned 
 Is still victorious on each coursing ground ? 
 Swaffham, Newmarket, and the Roman Camp, 
 Have seen them victors o'er each meaner stamp. 
 
 The direct and collateral descendants of Snowball 
 (through his famous brother, Major, and sister, Sylvia) 
 not one of the trio having ever lost a course were almost 
 equally successful. 
 
 To trace back to Snowball who was, by the way, a 
 pure black dog was, in the early part of the century, 
 considered an all-sufficient pedigree. In later times, King 
 Cob, Canaradzo, Master McG-rath, and others, have occu- 
 pied the same position, and so will it be with present and 
 future great winners; though there is this difference, that 
 there is an ever-increasing number of known good, dogs 
 to select from. 
 
 It does not, however, follow that winners will be equally 
 successful at stud, for although some certainly have been, 
 yet there are many notable failures. 
 
 The opinion entertained by many is that the very high 
 training, and the exceedingly severe and sustained efforts 
 the dogs are called upon to make in coursing, renders 
 them less fitting for stud reduces their prepotency, so that 
 they impart less vigour to their offspring. 
 
 Acting on that belief, many Greyhound breeders prefer 
 collateral breeding that is to say, they would choose as a 
 stud dog the own brother of a great winner in preference 
 to the winner, if the brother was otherwise suitable, and 
 had not been worked at such high pressure. The ques- 
 tion of collateral breeding is a most difficult one to 
 decide upon. For my own part, if the dog was not 
 
54 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 worn out with overwork, and was in a normal state of 
 health, I should, if owning a vigorous "bitch, prefer the 
 dog that had actually displayed the qualities I sought to 
 reproduce. 
 
 The laws of heredity are not as yet thoroughly under- 
 stood ; but it may "be accepted, if not as an axiom, at least 
 as a rule so general in its application as to warrant us 
 in acting upon it, that excellence is more likely to be 
 inherited direct from excellence than from mediocrity, even 
 if of the same blood. 
 
 The selection of the brood bitch is of the greatest possible 
 importance. That bitches of inferior or despised pedigrees 
 may have produced good pups, and even in some instances 
 dogs of extraordinary merit, is no argument against the 
 general principle that from the best we get the best. 
 Therefore, choose your bitch as to physical conformation by 
 the description given in a preceding chapter, and let her 
 be of fair size, with a leaning to the big side rather 
 than to the small, and with that build or shape which, 
 applied to mares, is called te roomy " ; and be sure she 
 is of a strong, vigorous constitution, with no tendency in 
 her family to develop any special form of disease, for that 
 would suggest an hereditary taint likely to be transmitted 
 to her pups. 
 
 The question of pedigree is of the very highest importance ; 
 and by pedigree I do not mean a mere string of names. 
 Let the breeder consider the value of the pedigree from 
 the standpoint of merit displayed by the dogs that figure 
 in it, and in doing so note the characteristics that hav.e 
 marked the strain whether their forte has been speed, 
 cleverness, resolution, or endurance and particularly study 
 
BREEDING. 55 
 
 the character of the bitch herself in regard to these 
 qualities. 
 
 I am presuming that the brood bitch has been trained 
 and used at her proper work, for it is very advisable 
 that every dog of practical use, whether Pointer, Setter, 
 Colley, or Greyhound, should be practised in its proper 
 vocation before being used to the stud; for the secondary 
 instincts created by training and practice are as assuredly 
 hereditary as those we recognise as natural, although, it 
 may be, in a much fainter degree. 
 
 The object being to obtain in the pups the qualities 
 above spoken of, the next important step is the selection 
 of a mate. In these days there is abundance to choose 
 from, though it is becoming almost impossible to match a 
 dog and bitch that have not, to a greater or less degree, 
 the same blood in them. It is advisable, however, to avoid 
 too close consanguinity, although, under some circumstances, 
 it may be well to mate the nearest of blood relations, 
 even to brother and sister; but, as may be inferred from 
 the preceding statement, such cases do not now often arise. 
 Still, whenever it is considered advisable to concentrate 
 distinctly-marked and desirable family character, no breeder 
 need hesitate to adopt such close breeding, so long as he 
 does not continue it in-and-in, for that would certainly lead 
 to degeneracy. 
 
 The dog and his strain must be considered with care 
 equal to that bestowed on the bitch and her family, alike 
 as to health, physique, and running qualities. As like 
 begets like, within certain limits, and with variations the 
 causes of which are obscure, a dog should be selected 
 possessing and, if possible, known to inherit those 
 
56 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 qualities in which the bitch is deficient. In this way 
 we are more likely to get in the progeny a combination 
 of the qualities required than if, for instance, we mated 
 together those of strains quick for a short course but 
 wanting in bottom. Therefore put the speedy bitch, good 
 only for a spurt, and wanting in staying qualities, to the dog 
 of resolution and endurance, with speed combined; and 
 so in respect to other qualities. This, the only way to 
 correct faults, and to raise mediocrity to the highest level, 
 seems so simple on the face of it, that the desired 
 success in breeding appears easy and certain. As a matter 
 of fact, however, it is far from simple : the laws regulating 
 reproduction and the variations therein are very complex, 
 and disappointments often follow when, according to our 
 best theories, success seems most certain. No rules arc 
 absolute, no theories perfect: influences which we cannot 
 see or account for interfere, and theories must be taken as 
 having a general application ; the breeder may wisely guide 
 himself by them, but he must neither, on the one hand, be 
 blind to the teachings of his own experience, nor discard a 
 rule, generally true, because he does not in every case 
 attain his object by following it. 
 
 In kennel parlance, certain animals when mated are 
 said to " nick " that is, produce puppies combining the 
 best qualities of both parents whereas others equally 
 likely to do so, on apparently the soundest theories, fail. 
 Such desirable results may arise fortuitously, but it 
 would be folly to trust to the chapter of accidents when 
 the adoption of intelligible theories give fair promise of 
 success. 
 
 The best season for breeding is undoubtedly the spring, 
 
BREEDING. 57 
 
 and in my opinion it is much better that pups should 
 not be whelped earlier than March. Spring is the natural 
 breeding season, although under domestication dogs produce 
 young at all seasons of the year pet and house dogs 
 especially and even three litters within the year have 
 been recorded. Many owners of dogs like to have litters 
 as early in the year as possible, but I think this is 
 objectionable, for the reason that such have to be protected 
 against the severity of the weather too long; whereas 
 pups whelped in March, April, or May, can have the full 
 benefit of fresh air and sunshine as soon as ever they 
 leave the nest, and nothing tends more than this to en- 
 courage a healthy, vigorous growth. 
 
 Some bitches are very prolific, producing more pups 
 in one litter than they can rear with justice to themselves 
 and their progeny. To provide against such a contingency, 
 a foster-dam should always be in readiness ; one of 
 about the size of the dam is preferable, but the breed 
 is perfectly immaterial. The important point is to be 
 sure she is thoroughly sound and healthy, and not too 
 old, for in the latter case the milk might not be so 
 nourishing and might sooner fail. She should be of a 
 temper to permit of being handled when necessary. 
 
 From the first symptoms of oestrum until the bitch has 
 been warded, and through the whole period till the 
 possibility of a mesalliance has passed, there is natural 
 anxiety, and extra watchfulness is required lest she should, 
 by any carelessness, be allowed to escape from her confine- 
 ment and get astray, which she would be almost sure to 
 do, for bitches in season are disposed to stray, and seem 
 to develop at that time a remarkable cunning in eluding 
 
58 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 their keepers. The best time of heat for the visit is im- 
 mediately before or after the bleeding, which normally 
 lasts but a few days. 
 
 Statements are constantly being made and repeated, to 
 the effect that the sex of the progeny may be regulated 
 at will by the selection of the period at which the bitch 
 visits the dog. Such opinions appear to me to be the 
 offspring of the fruitful imagination of minds plentiful in 
 crops of such weeds because the cultivation of facts has 
 been neglected by them. There are many men who keep 
 dogs and consider themselves breeders on no better grounds 
 than that they have had whelps born in their kennels ; 
 and it is this class of men who are always cocksure when 
 others who have studied the subject find themselves in 
 doubt and difficulty. So far as statistics at present collated 
 point, the sexes are produced in nearly equal numbers, with 
 just a small percentage in favour of males, and altogether 
 independent of the time of oestrum at which coition took 
 place. 
 
 If conception has taken place there will, after complete 
 disappearance of oestrum, be about two months before 
 the pups are due. The date of service, and that when 
 pups are expected, should be kept in that indispensable 
 requisite for the breeder, the "Kennel Diary," * which 
 contains a Table showing the interval of sixty-three days 
 the period of gestation for every day in the year. 
 
 No change from ordinary treatment is required during 
 the earlier period of pregnancy, but as the pupping time 
 approaches care must be taken that the bitch is not 
 
 * Published by L. Upcott Gill, 170, Strand, London. 
 
BREEDING. 59 
 
 allowed, by fencing or any violent exercise, to damage 
 herself and her precious burden. It is safer during the 
 last three weeks to give her exercise in the leash, except 
 in places where she is not likely to be excited to any 
 sudden violent exertion. It is important that the bowels 
 should be acting freely at the time she gives birth, and 
 it is better to secure that by varying the diet than by 
 medicine of any sort; but if the latter must be resorted 
 to, castor oil is the safest. 
 
 I have now to suggest a mode of treatment for the 
 prevention of future trouble and loss, which I believe I 
 was the first to advise. It rests entirely on an experience 
 which has been considerable; but by so saying I do not 
 disguise that the treatment is empirical, although I have 
 strong hope that eventually science will show the conjecture 
 on which it rests to have been correct. 
 
 Every breeder of Greyhounds knows to his cost that 
 puppies almost as soon as born, if not at and before 
 birth, are infested with worms, which destroy or render 
 useless hundreds; the intestines of puppies only a few 
 days old have been found blocked with them. 
 
 Where do they come from ? was the question I asked 
 myself; and I asked others professional men and re- 
 ceived most unsatisfactory answers, mostly involving theo- 
 ries utterly untenable. I consulted such works on animal 
 parasites as were within my reach, learning much, but 
 getting no definite answer to the question that puzzled 
 me. I did, however, from these sources learn that the 
 methods of transmission and reproduction of parasites 
 are as varied and often as marvellous as anything in 
 Nature. 
 
60 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 Take, as an example, the well-known case of the Tcenia 
 ccenurus, one of the tapeworms that infest the dog. Sections 
 of this worm, full of ripe ova, are passed by the dog with 
 his excrement, and scattered on the grass; some of these 
 are swallowed by the sheep ; hatched in the stomachs of 
 these animals they find their way to the brain, and there form 
 those bladder worms which cause the well-known disease, 
 "gid." Located there, the coenurus increases by budding, 
 and the luckless dog that afterwards eats the head of 
 the sheep that dies of, or when suffering from, " gid " or 
 " sturdy," very soon has a plentiful crop of tapeworms in 
 his intestines for thus is the circle of this parasite's life 
 completed. Now, the worms that destroy very young puppies 
 are nematodes, or round worms, of the life history and 
 itinerary of which I am ignorant. But it has occurred to 
 me that as puppies appear to be born with these worms, 
 or their ova, in them, there could be no other source of 
 the parasites than the food supplied to the pups whilst in 
 the uterus. 
 
 I have thought it needful to give this somewhat 
 lengthy exposition of my reason for recommending a 
 course which I have no better authority for than my own. 
 I have personally found it answer; but an individual ex- 
 perience is too limited to be taken to settle a question, 
 and of the hundreds of breeders to whom I have recom- 
 mended the practice through The Bazaar newspaper, with 
 which I am connected, very few have taken the trouble 
 to state the result, although such a course would have 
 been very useful to others. 
 
 To prevent worms in the future offspring, expel them 
 from the bitch, for it is clear that if there are no 
 
BREEDING. 61 
 
 mature worms there can be no ova to be carried with the 
 nutrient fluids into the systems of the unborn whelps. 
 
 A few days after all symptoms of heat have disappeared 
 give a vermifuge, which repeat twice at intervals of about 
 ten days; and if there is any suspicion that the bitch has 
 become re-infested by these parasites, or that the medicine 
 has failed to remove them all, another dose may be given 
 with perfect safety between the fifth and sixth weeks. I 
 would recommend, as the safest and best vermifuges, Idr. 
 of freshly-grated areca nut, or one of Spratts Patent 
 Worm Powders. 
 
 The place set apart for the bitch to whelp in should 
 be retired, so that no other dogs may get near to disturb 
 her, for she would resent the intrusion, with, probably, 
 bad results to herself and pups. The bed should be 
 roomy, very slightly raised from the ground, and have a 
 boarded floor, a low ledge, and hay for litter. 
 
 Meddlesome interference is to be deprecated. The Grey- 
 hound bitch very rarely requires assistance ; it is the 
 pampered, over-fed show dog that requires the aid of the 
 veterinary accoucheur. 
 
 Let the bitch have abundance of food meat broth and 
 well-boiled oatmeal and milk and after the first two days 
 take her out for exercise if she does not take it voluntarily. 
 
 When the bitch is strong and has sufficient milk, she 
 will let the pups suck her for six or seven weeks; and 
 it is much better to let Nature have its way than to adopt 
 the crotchets of those who are anxious to cram puppies 
 with food before their stomachs are fit to digest it. This 
 practice defeats its object. But to let the puppies have 
 milk or broth to lap at will, without forcing them, gets 
 
THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 them on whilst it relieves the dam. Some bitches practise 
 the habit inherited from wild progenitors of disgorging 
 half-digested food for their puppies. 
 
 As soon as the puppies can toddle about they should 
 have space afforded in which to do so, and that in a 
 sheltered place with choice of sunshine and shade. 
 
REARING PUPPIES. 
 
 Home Rearing " Trencher Feeding " Kennels Foods and 
 Feeding Sloppy Foods a Mistake Exercise Puppy 
 Troubles : Teething, Worms, External Parasites, Distemper 
 Remedies Saplings Training of Saplings. 
 
 WE have our choice between home rearing and sending 
 pups out "to walk." The latter plan is very general in 
 the case of Foxhounds, and pups so brought up are termed 
 "trencher fed." 
 
 The decision must depend much on the room at command ; 
 but in favour of isolated rearing there is the strong argu- 
 ment, so well established by experience, that very large 
 numbers of the young of animals cannot generally be reared 
 together with safety to health. On the other hand, it is 
 not easy to get young dogs placed in the hands of persons 
 at once careful and judicious. Risks, however, must be 
 run in either case. 
 
 Where the number of puppies to be raised is not very 
 great, or where puppy kennels of a temporary character 
 can be distributed at distances affording personal super- 
 vision over all by the man responsible, I am of opinion 
 that home rearing has the weight of solid reasons in its 
 
64 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 favour over trusting to the chapter of accidents puppies 
 are open to when in the hands of those who may be well 
 disposed, but have no real knowledge of dogs, and fail to 
 detect when they are going amiss before disease has made 
 serious inroads. 
 
 If at walk the puppy has unlimited liberty which in 
 itself is a good thing, but is not without attendant 
 disadvantages injuries are more likely to be received, 
 objectionable things are likely to be picked up and eaten, 
 and, unless care is taken, bad habits contracted that are 
 not always easy to eradicate. 
 
 If the puppies are, for the most part, kept in kennel, 
 the yard or, rather, it should be called the playground 
 ought to be of considerable size, and some contrivance 
 representing miniature hurdles placed across their running 
 ground, so as to compel them, in their romps and chases, 
 to scramble over, and, as they get bigger, to jump, so that 
 the various muscles may be brought into play, which they 
 are not when exercise is confined to the flat. 
 
 The kennels ought to be built with a south aspect, and 
 the dormitories should be warm but well ventilated. Abso- 
 lute cleanliness is an essential to health and growth. It 
 is common to have pointed out, that animals that have been 
 reared amidst dirt, and regardless of all hygienic laws, 
 have grown up strong ; but the existence of those who have 
 come well through such an ordeal does not disprove the 
 general law, and those who point to such cases should in fair- 
 ness also consider the large proportion that have succumbed 
 to unsanitary influences, or grown up weak and puny. 
 
 In respect to the diet of growing puppies, I consider 
 it a mistake to feed so much as is usually done on soft, 
 
REARING PUPPIES. 65 
 
 sloppy, almost liquid, food. This when long continued 
 unnecessarily distends the stomach and bowels, and so the 
 evil is to some extent permanent. If we take a line from 
 Nature in this respect we shall not go far amiss. Now 
 the natural habit of the bitch is, before she has weaned 
 her pups, and for some time after, to supply them from 
 her own stomach with half-digested food, which she 
 disgorges for them. This, I think, should teach us the 
 degree of consistence of the food best suited to the pup at 
 that early age. Afterwards the natural food would neces- 
 sarily become of a firmer character, as the young puppies 
 began to feed on the animals killed for them by the old 
 ones. It is also plain to all, that at the earliest aare 
 
 r ' o 
 
 possible puppies delight to use their teeth by tearing 
 and gnawing bones, &c., and this answers the double 
 purpose of facilitating the irruption of the permanent 
 teeth, and increasing the saliva which aids in digestion; 
 therefore bones of suitable size should be given. The pups 
 should also be accustomed to pieces of Spratts Fibrinc 
 Biscuits, dry, as these answer the same purposes referred 
 to as bones do, and are, moreover, highly nutritious 
 
 The first thing in the morning the puppies should have 
 a short run out, to give them an opportunity of relieving 
 themselves, and then at once be fed. 
 
 The frequency of the meals must be regulated by the 
 age. When first they leave the dam, four or five times 
 a day is not too often, and whenever they appear hungry 
 between a few bits of dry biscuit may be given. Made 
 food should not be left about in the dishes or troughs 
 from meal to meal, as it either gets fouled, or turns sour, 
 and sets up diarrhoea. 
 
 F 
 
66 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 In addition to the biscuits, which should be given both 
 dry and soaked with or boiled in broth, oatmeal, well 
 boiled with milk or broth and a little fat, is good. Indian 
 corn meal and barley meal may be mixed with the oat- 
 meal, but sparingly; and the occasional addition to the 
 food of boiled turnips, carrots, cabbage, or other green 
 vegetables, is beneficial. Flesh is a necessity to the dog as 
 a carnivorous animal. 
 
 Where the pups have to be confined to the kennel run 
 for the most part, they must be regularly taken out to the 
 fields and there encouraged to race about ; but until they 
 get to seven or eight months old they should not be 
 taken any great distance, and never such as would over- 
 tire them. 
 
 Young Greyhounds are, perhaps, the most ungainly of 
 dogs, and often the legs look thick and clumsy, the joints 
 being large and prominent. That is no bad sign ; but as 
 these bones are yet soft, and scarcely out of the state of 
 gristle, exercise must be given with judgment, according 
 to individual development. 
 
 It is the object of breeders of animals of whatever kind 
 to secure the growth of the young without check. This 
 they cannot, however, always succeed in. There are various 
 troubles incident to young life that throw puppies back, 
 and foremost among these is teething, during the period 
 of the irruption of the permanent canines, or fangs, and 
 the molars, or double teeth that is, from about four to 
 six months old. During this process of Nature the whelp 
 often suffers from feverishness, loss of appetite, and purging. 
 A small dose about a dessert-spoonful of castor oil and 
 syrup of buckthorn every other morning for a week, and 
 
REARING PUPPIES. 67 
 
 every other night 3grs. of Dr. James' Fever Powder, will 
 then prove of great benefit. 
 
 Worms are the greatest trouble met with in rearing. 
 Puppies suffer from a great variety of tape and round 
 worms, and these are the cause of derangement of 
 stomach and bowels, of severe fits, skin disease, loss of 
 coat, and general unthriftiness ; 15grs of areca nut, with 
 3grs. of santonine, for puppies six months old others in 
 proportion to age is a good and safe expellent. It 
 should be given in the morning, and a dessert-spoonful 
 of castor oil an hour after all before feeding ; but 
 warm porridge or broth t may be given immediately after 
 the oil. 
 
 Of external parasites, there are the invisible mange mite, 
 the flea, louse, and tick, the presence of any one of which 
 is a discredit to the kennelman. White precipitate, rubbed 
 well through the coat and on the skin, and brushed out 
 after a couple of hours, destroys lice and ticks. Wash- 
 ing in quassia water (loz. of chips boiled for ten 
 minutes in 2galls. of water) kills fleas ; and for mange, 
 bi-sulphite of lime, or Spratts' mange lotion, or Bishop's 
 lotion, may be relied on. Many skin diseases arising from 
 functional derangement are mistaken for mange. They 
 require internal remedies, and, unlike true mange, are 
 non-contagious. 
 
 The distemper is the other great scourge of the kennel, 
 and is specially a disease of puppies. It is contagious, 
 and so puppies may be easily inoculated with the discharge 
 from nose or eyes of others when it is desired to have 
 all the kennel under treatment at once in preference to 
 the disease lingering on for months. Distemper varies so 
 
 F 2 
 
68 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 in the forms it assumes, and requires such different treat- 
 ment according to its several phases, that I cannot properly 
 discuss the subject here, and must refer the reader to my 
 small book, written for amateurs, " The Diseases of 
 Dogs."* 
 
 When the Greyhound is old enough to be slipped at 
 a hare that is, about ten to twelve months old he is called 
 a sapling. He does not then properly enter upon his 
 career of coursing; that begins the season following, when 
 he runs through the whole of it as a puppy. There are 
 a few sapling stakes instituted at some coursing meetings, 
 their object being to see and compare the style of running 
 of the youngsters from the different kennels. These are 
 merely trial stakes, and, that the dogs may not be dis- 
 tressed, are limited to four entries; so that at the most 
 a dog can have but two courses, as two of those entered 
 fall in the first round, and the two victors run against 
 each other in the deciding course. Trials of saplings, 
 for the most part, however, take place privately, and it is 
 one of the weeding-out processes of the courser's kennel. 
 The object for which the Greyhound is bred and reared 
 with so much care, and at so much expense, must never 
 be lost sight of. He has not merely to kill his hare that, 
 indeed, may be said to be but a small part of what is 
 expected from him, and often a Lurcher would do it with 
 more certainty but he must kill it under strictly-defined 
 conditions, already given; or, if he does not kill, he 
 must have contributed more towards the killing of her 
 than his opponent, to be awarded the victory. 
 
 * " The Diseases of Dogs : their Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment " 
 (I.. Upcott Gill, 170, Strand, London). 
 
REARING PUPPIES. 
 
 If, therefore, a sapling displays such gross defects as 
 to make it evident to the judgment of his owner that he 
 does not come up to the standard of a good Greyhound, 
 and cannot, on account of these defects, be reasonably 
 expected to develop qualities required in a good coursing 
 dog, then he is not kept, as it would be folly to incur 
 the very heavy charges of training him. 
 
 Saplings before they are thus tried should have some 
 training, for otherwise a courageous youngster getting 
 on to a strong hare might get such a pumper as to do 
 him material injury. Months before the dog can be run 
 as a sapling he should be accustomed to be led both singly 
 and in couples, otherwise, if so handled for the first time 
 at a meeting, he would be most troublesome to his owner, 
 a nuisance to others, and, in fact, probably could not be 
 slipped. 
 
TRAINING. 
 
 Every Trainer a Law unto Himself Nostrums of Bygone 
 Days Ancient Writers on Training the Greyhound 
 Systematic Training a Modern Institution Summer 
 Work Hardening the Soles : Recipe for Active Training 
 Condition of Dogs to be Trained Physic Emetics 
 Vermifuges before Training Weight Diet Food by 
 Weight Work during Training Foot Work Slipping 
 Test Trials Grooming Value of Friction of the Skin 
 Taking to Meetings Management during Meetings 
 Management during Coursing : Rubbing Down Stimulants. 
 
 IN the training of Greyhounds every man is a law unto 
 himself, and for the most part the differences in methods 
 are prized in inverse ratio to their importance, mere trifles in 
 practice being very often greatly overvalued. The coursers 
 of to-day have inherited much traditional wisdom on the 
 subject of training, but not unmixed with notions which 
 a clearer appreciation of scientific principles shows us to 
 be unwise. No one nowadays would, I presume, think of 
 training a Greyhound on highly-spiced bread soaked in 
 wine, or on beefsteaks fried in brandy; yet these were 
 practices recommended in bygone times. There still clings 
 to the minds of a certain class of trainers opinions or fads 
 
TRAINING. 71 
 
 as to Greyhound treatment not quite so gross, but equally 
 untenable. Were it not that trainers are generally men 
 of shrewd common sense, who do not neglect the teachings 
 of their own experience, some of the notions they hold by 
 in theory would sadly mar their calculations. Lessons in 
 the preparation of the Greyhound for the course have come 
 to us from Arrian. In our own tongue De Langley wrote 
 on the subject five hundred years since, and Turberville, 
 Gervase Markham, and others, followed centuries later. 
 In the present century we have had the benefit of the 
 experience, preserved in type, of Goodlake, Thacker, 
 " Stonehenge," and others less known to fame. 
 
 Although instructions as to feeding and some general 
 rules as to management are met with in the older writers, 
 yet the severely systematic training now practised is quite 
 modern. Writing in 1803, the author of the " Sports- 
 man's Cabinet," himself a veteran sportsman, and writing 
 over that nom de plume, whilst giving credit to Mr. Swin- 
 fen's system, which was to give the dogs a brisk gallop 
 twice a day, instead of letting them run at a hare as 
 was the common custom, yet goes on to say : " The train- 
 ing gentlemen of Newmarket, who are universally admitted 
 to know full as much as they ought to do, make no 
 scruple of giving an opinion that training a Greyhound 
 may be brought to as great a certainty as training a 
 horse. The long experienced writer is of a different 
 opinion, feeling himself justified, by ten years' observation, 
 in conceiving these speculative gentlemen are too rapid 
 and uncertain in their declarations." 
 
 Practical experience, however, has since conclusively 
 shown that the speculative training gentlemen of New- 
 
72 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 market were right, and that the very charming and 
 well-informed sporting writer I have quoted was, in 
 that instance, wrong. 
 
 Although the serious business of training is not to 
 be carried on the year round, yet for saplings, and 
 for older dogs also, attention is constantly needed, and 
 the noble Greyhound must not, during his summer holiday, 
 be allowed, like Artemus Ward's dog, to "lay about and 
 look ornery." Attention to health is always needed, and 
 from the close of the coursing season in March till active 
 training operations in preparation for the opening of the 
 following season in September or October, the dogs should 
 have sufficient of active and regular work to keep them 
 from getting soft in muscle and over fleshy, and also to 
 keep them in discipline. 
 
 The dog walks on his toes, and these are an elastic 
 cushion, with a hard, almost horny, covering. Some 
 strains of dogs have naturally better feet than others, 
 but all get soft pads if allowed to lie about idle, or only 
 given exercise on soft turf. The process of hardening the 
 feet is very important and takes a long time, for the 
 harder the tissue the slower the growth. 
 
 Kegular, but comparatively slow, work over turnpike roads 
 and the like, by following a trap or man on horseback, 
 is the best plan of hardening the pads; but care must be 
 taken not to run the dogs fast where the road has been 
 recently macadamised or covered with flints, or serious, 
 if not permanent, injury may be done. 
 
 Dogs with feet naturally soft and prone to spread 
 should have them dipped night and morning in a decoction 
 of oak bark and alum, made in this way: lib. of dry oak 
 
TRAINING. 73 
 
 bark, well bruised, boiled slowly in two gallons of water 
 down to one gallon, and loz. of alum dissolved in it. The 
 decoction has to be strained from the bark through a 
 cloth, and may be used over and over again. 
 
 Such training as I have spoken of may be considered 
 as merely preliminary and general; but when the date 
 of a coursing meeting is fixed, and certain dogs are selected 
 to be entered and must be ready for the contest, the most 
 active and important work begins. The object is to have 
 the dog, at a given date, in that condition in which he 
 can best display his qualities as a Greyhound. The questions 
 for the courser and the trainer are What is such condition, 
 and how can it be best attained? 
 
 " Stonehenge," universally recognised for a generation 
 past as the highest authority on the subject, with equal 
 strength and terseness says : " Training should not attempt 
 to produce an unnatural condition, but rather the highest 
 state of health." 
 
 As already observed, that highest state of health, in- 
 cluding the utmost possible physical development with 
 perfect functional order which combined makes possible 
 the acme of vital energy displayed in some given direc- 
 tion, must be attained at a certain fixed date. Now here 
 comes in one of the greatest difficulties and sorest annoy- 
 ances that afflict the coursing man and his trainer. The 
 night before the coursing is fixed to commence the dogs 
 are perfect; they are all "go," full of life, with flesh firm, 
 and muscles standing out like cords, when Jack Frost 
 steps in and puts the ground in irons, and commits man 
 and dogs to idleness. It is most difficult in these circum- 
 stances to keep the dogs up to the mark, for exercise 
 
74 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 is necessarily limited, and has to be given with care. 
 The best substitute for exercise is increased grooming, and 
 friction along the muscles of locomotion in particular. 
 
 The state of the dog in regard to fleshiness and general 
 health has to be carefully taken account of before begin- 
 ning active training. Dogs then in good health will 
 probably be from seven to ten pounds above their running 
 weight; what the latter should be must be left to the 
 judgment of the trainer, for dogs differ in that as they 
 do in the amount of preparation required. 
 
 It is a common practice to begin by giving a brisk dose 
 of purging medicine, such as aloes and jalap. If medicine 
 of the kind is needed, I think 6gr. to 8gr. of compound 
 rhubarb pill with ^gr. of podophyllin and 5gr. of extract 
 of dandelion made into a bolus, is the best form of pur- 
 gative, as it stimulates the liver as well as relieves the 
 stomach and bowels. 
 
 Emetics are frequently given to the dog, and, if judi- 
 ciously chosen, empty the stomach, and seem to give tone 
 to it. Although vomition is quite a natural act in the 
 dog, for he voluntarily eats couch grass that makes him 
 sick, and apparently with that object, yet strong emetics 
 like tartarised antimony are better avoided. The easiest 
 and safest is ipecacuanha wine, ^oz. to 6dr., given with 
 lukewarm water as a drench, and the dose repeated if 
 vomiting does not follow in ten minutes. 
 
 I consider it a better practice than either of the pre- 
 ceding to give worm medicine at this time, and, with 
 that, the bowels must always be acted on by a laxative. 
 Let the bolus prescribed above be given, and the third 
 morning after the dog being kept to soft food in the 
 
TRAINING. 75 
 
 interval give a worm powder, followed in two hours by 
 ^oz. of castor oil. 
 
 The weight should be accurately taken before putting 
 the dog through the mill, and a record of it kept from 
 day to day ; this will show how he is progressing better 
 than judging by the eye; but that and the handling 
 of his muscles must also be made factors to our judg- 
 ment of his condition. 
 
 The diet, at all times important, is doubly so now. It 
 is a not uncommon mistake to make too sudden a change 
 from a comparatively poor to a rich diet ; such change 
 
 should be gradually made. Another error is to give a 
 \ 
 
 too concentrated food, such as eggs and milk, under the 
 impression that it improves the wind. Either of these 
 courses is likely to cause biliousness, and so upset the 
 dog and retard progress. 
 
 Again, much must be trusted to the judgment and ex- 
 perience of the trainer, who, constantly seeing his dogs 
 feed, and how they do on the food, can tell which re- 
 quires most, and what form of food agrees with one better 
 than another. It is the judicious study and treatment of 
 the individual dog, both as to food and work, that dis- 
 tinguishes the successful trainer. The rule of thumb is, 
 however, never to be safely trusted alone. We must take 
 lessons from the analyst as well as from experience, and 
 select, by the former's researches, the foods most suitable, 
 using the latter in guiding our use of them. 
 
 Of flesh we have the choice of beef, mutton, or that of 
 the horse ; and without it, in one form or another, the 
 Greyhound cannot be well trained. The choice is often 
 determined by circumstances of convenience; either will 
 
76 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 do well if sound that is, if the animal died free of 
 disease, and not saturated with poisonous drugs, which 
 not a few horses whose carcases find their way to kennels 
 are. Of the three, lean mutton is to be preferred, as 
 being more readily digested. It should be prepared by 
 slow boiling ; the meat, having been first cut up small, 
 should be put into cold water; let the bones stew with it, 
 and when the meat is well cooked, remove them, and stir 
 in to each pound weight of raw flesh Jib. of rough oatmeal, 
 and, after that has boiled slowly half an hour, add ^lb. 
 of Spratts Patent Fibrine Cakes, broken small, and let 
 the whole continue to boil ten minutes longer ; that, if a 
 judicious quantity of water has been used (which experience 
 will soon teach), will make the entire mess a stiff pudding 
 when cold enough to feed. Some trainers now use almost 
 entirely Spratts Greyhound Biscuits, containing 50 per 
 cent, of meat, but I think a portion of fresh meat with 
 them preferable. 
 
 I have no faith in the practice of doling out food by 
 weight. If a dog, despite all the work that can be given 
 him, gets too fleshy on the diet, reduce its quality rather 
 than its quantity ; but the cases are rare where increased 
 exercise will not do the business, by keeping fat off, and 
 that is what is wanted. 
 
 On the other hand, if a dog is not doing well on the 
 food, and does not eat it freely, not to say greedily, after 
 he seems indisposed to feed more give him, in pieces, Lb. 
 to ilb. of raw lean mutton, with lOgrs. of Boudalt's or 
 Morson's Pepsin Porci on it, which is sold in loz. bottles, 
 with a measure, at 5s. 
 
 There is no need to stick absolutely to the diet above 
 
TRAINING. 77 
 
 prescribed, but great and sudden changes are dangerous, 
 and the above I know to be most excellent. 
 
 Barley meal is very fattening, and Indian corn meal 
 too heating. If the bowels get constipated, add to the 
 diet boiled bullock's liver, or some boiled carrots or 
 cabbage pressed free from water, rather than resort to 
 medicine. 
 
 The value of exercise given by a man on horseback, or 
 simply on foot, and by slipping the dogs, is variously 
 estimated by coursing men. I am of opinion that, when 
 possible, use should be made of the horse, as by that 
 means greater variety of pace is secured. From fifteen 
 to twenty miles a day is not too much, but it is prefer- 
 able to give it in two instalments early morning and 
 afternoon so as, from the latter, to return by feeding time. 
 Before the morning exercise a bit of biscuit should be 
 given, for it is quite as great a mistake to give strong 
 exercise to any animal on an entirely empty stomach as 
 on a full one. 
 
 The judgment of the trainer is again called into requi- 
 sition in regulating the pace to suit the requirements of 
 the dogs, varying it to every degree of speed. He may 
 also have to sort the dogs with different constitutions, 
 taking them in relays, or reserving some for foot exercise 
 and slipping only. 
 
 Some men prefer, and others by compulsion have to train 
 the dogs on foot. The practice of reducing the flesh by 
 making the dogs wear heavy clothing is obsolete, and the 
 exercise of the mill as a mode of developing muscle has 
 always, so far as I am aware, been confined to fighting 
 dogs; nor do I think it would be at all suitable to the 
 
78 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 Greyhound, any more than it would be to attempt to train 
 a racehorse in a gin. A man could not give on foot the 
 amount of work Greyhounds need, and therefore, if he 
 does not train on horseback, an assistant is needed to slip 
 them. The trainer goes on half a mile or so, and the 
 assistant holds the dogs in leash till he whistles, when, 
 being slipped together, they race to him, the one trying 
 to out-distance the other. It is well in thus slipping to 
 arrange that the dogs shall finish up hill, so as to give 
 them what is called "a good pipe opener." To slip from 
 one hill to finish on another rising ground is very suit- 
 able, and if over rough ground that is, uneven, not 
 stony so much the better. Some coursing countries 
 being intersected with ditches and fences the Greyhounds 
 should be practised at these, for if unaccustomed to them 
 they would lose by their awkwardness in the actual 
 course. 
 
 Where a number have to be slipped, the attendant 
 secures them to his person by a belt round the waist. 
 
 On the approach of a great meeting the courser is 
 often puzzled to know which of his dogs to run for 
 certain stakes, and it is customary to put them in slips 
 a week or two before the event with a known good per- 
 former; and, when there is none good enough in the home 
 kennel, it is seldom difficult to get this done with the 
 Greyhound of a brother courser, for there is not the secrecy 
 and mystery about these private Greyhound trials that there 
 is in the trial of racehorses, and the " tout " is an unknown 
 nuisance in connection with the sport. 
 
 The value of friction of the skin with thorough clea,n- 
 liness of skin and coat are not often appreciated at 
 
TRAINING. 79 
 
 their true value, which is very great. In the Grey- 
 hound, whilst assisting to keep up a healthy state, 
 judicious rubbing along the principal muscles helps to 
 develop them and to give them increased strength and 
 elasticity. 
 
 Night and morning each dog should be taken in hand 
 and well rubbed from neck to end of tail, following the 
 lines of muscle, and rubbing with the hair. Hair gloves are 
 too coarse and irritating for fine-skinned dogs, and a pad 
 of rough towel answers better. Following the neck muscles, 
 those of the shoulder and fore-arms, and down to the feet, 
 must have attention; next along the back, not on the 
 top, but along each side of the spine. The loin muscles, 
 and those of the thigh, down to the hock, are of great im- 
 portance, and demand to be specially well rubbed, the 
 operator bearing pretty heavily and equally over the whole 
 surface. The best time for this is when the dogs return 
 from exercise. 
 
 Where dogs have to travel far by rail or other con- 
 veyance, they must be provided with ample room, any 
 cramping being injurious. Such travelling is apt to upset 
 them, and therefore it is well when they are to run in 
 important stakes, to take them to the neighbourhood of 
 the meet a few days in advance; and if the country is 
 of a nature strange to them, it is well to exercise them 
 over land in the neighbourhood similar to it. 
 
 The dog should be well exercised the day before the 
 coursing commences, but must not be slipped, or have 
 any fast work, and should not be fed later than two or 
 three o'clock. If the water obtainable is hard, or sus- 
 pected of being impure, the precaution of boiling as much 
 
80 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 as the dogs will require should be taken, or they may be 
 upset by it, and so their chances be spoiled. 
 
 As the man in charge of the dogs knows in advance 
 how they have been drawn and the order of the running, 
 he should be ready with his dog to put into slips the 
 minute he is wanted. 
 
 The dog must be kept clothed to the last; and, when 
 the clothes are removed, a hasty rub down, to stimulate 
 the circulation, should be given just before he goes into 
 slips. 
 
 Again, the attendant should keep an eye on his dog from 
 the moment he is slipped, and manage as best he can to 
 follow, so as to be as near as possible at the finish, to at 
 once take his dog up, and so prevent his getting on to a 
 second hare, which in his then partially exhausted state 
 might give him a pumper and very greatly interfere with 
 his chance of winning the courses to follow, as he would 
 be heavily handicapped against an opponent that had not 
 run such extra course. 
 
 If the dog has killed, or in running flicked his hare, 
 some of the down may be retained in the mouth, and it 
 must be cleared out ; indeed, it is advisable in all cases 
 to sponge the mouth out. 
 
 The dog must be gently but well rubbed down till after 
 his breathing returns to its normal state, which will be 
 indicated by his getting his tongue in, and the heavy and 
 rapid movement of the flanks subsiding. The clothing 
 should be put on as soon the rubbing is done, and the 
 dog then kept briskly moving. If very much exhausted, 
 a stimulant may be required; but the administration of 
 any stimulant, especially alcoholic ones, requires great 
 
TRAINING. 81 
 
 care and judgment, and frequently are much overdone. 
 A dessert-spoonful of brandy is as much as ought to be 
 given to a Greyhound, and this must not be the raw, new 
 spirit, so commonly sold, but old, well-matured Cognac. 
 Milk is a better medium to give it in than water, as it 
 softens the action of the spirit on the coats of the stomach, 
 without reducing its stimulating qualities. 
 
 No attempt must be made to give anything until the 
 dog has recovered his breath after a course, or there will 
 be a probability of choking him. 
 
 In concluding this Monograph, let me venture to express 
 the hope that its publication may lead to a yet greater 
 interest being taken in the breeding and training of the 
 Greyhound, which, as I have before said, when brought 
 to perfection is the most elegant of the canine race, and 
 the highest achievement of man's skill in manipulating the 
 plastic nature of the dog, and forming it to his special 
 requirements. 
 
 I trust that this may be so, and that all who peruse 
 these pages may find something to interest, and induce 
 them to seek the further development of this noble animal 
 according to intelligent and common-sense principles. 
 
 As a matter of general interest to all concerned with 
 Greyhounds, I have added as an Appendix a list of the 
 Waterloo Cup Winners from 1836 to 1886. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 WINNERS OF THE WATERLOO CUP FROM THE 
 COMMENCEMENT. 
 
 1836. Mr. Lynn ns (Lord Molyneux's) rb Milanie, by Milo out of 
 
 Duchess. 
 
 1837. Mr. Jebb ns (Mr. Stanton's) bk b Fly, by Tommy Roads out 
 
 of Fly. 
 
 1838. Mr. Ball's be d Bugle, by Bachelor out of Nimble. 
 
 1839. Mr. Robinson's r b Empress, by Tramp out of Nettle. 
 
 1840. Mr. Easterby's bk d Earwig, by Hailstone out of Pastime. 
 
 1841. Mr. King's r d Bloomsbury, by Redcap, Dam by Walton Sister 
 
 to Preserve. 
 
 1842. Mr. Deakin's f w d Priam, by Emperor out of Yenus. 
 
 1843. Mr. a. Pollok's f d Major, by Moses out of Melon. 
 
 1844. Mr. N. Slater's r w b Speculation, by Sandy out of Enchantress. 
 
 1845. Mr. Jebb ns (Mr. Temple's) bk b Titania, by Driver out of Zoe. 
 
 1846. Mr. Barge ns (Mr. Sampson's) bk w d Harlequin, by Emperor 
 
 out of Lady. 
 
 1847. Lord Sefton's r d Senate, by Sadek out of Sanctity. 
 
 1848. Sir St. G. Gore's bk w b Shade, by Nonchalance out of Margery. 
 
 1849. Sir St. G. Gore's bk d Magician, by King Cob out of Magic. 
 
 1850. Mr. G. F. Cooke's f w b Cerito (late Lucy Long), by Lingo out 
 
 of Wanton. 
 
 1851. Mr. W. Sharpe's f d Hughie Graham, by Liddesdale out of Queen 
 
 of the May. 
 
WATERLOO CUP WINNERS. 83 
 
 1852. Mr. G. F. Cooke's f w b Cerito, by Lingo out of Wanton. 
 
 1853. Mr. G. F. Cooke's f w b Cerito, by Lingo out of Wanton. 
 
 1854. Lord Sefton's bk d Sackcloth, by Senate out of Cinderella. 
 
 1855. Mr. T. Brocklebank ns (Mr. Jefferson's) r d Judge, by John Bull 
 
 out of Fudge. 
 
 1856. Mr. J. Bake ns (Mr. W. Peacock's) f b Protest, by Weapon out of 
 
 Pearl. 
 
 1857. Mr. W. Wilson's w f d King Lear, by Wigan out of Repentance. 
 
 1858. Mr. S. Cass's f d Neville, by Autocrat out of Catherine Hayes. 
 
 1859. Mr. J. Jardine's bk b Clive, by Judge out of Moaris. ^ 
 
 Mr. J. Gordon ns (Mr. J. Jardine's) bk d Selby by f Divided. 
 Barrator out of Ladylike. J 
 
 1860. Mr. J. Blackstock's r b Maid of the Mill, by Judge out of 
 
 Bartolozzi. 
 
 1861. Mr. J. Hyslop ns (Mr. J. Campbell's) w d Canaradzo, by Beacon 
 
 out of Scotland Yet. 
 
 1862. Mr. J. Callander ns (Mr. Gregson's) bk b Roaring Meg, by 
 
 Beacon out of Polly. 
 
 1863. Mr. T. T. C. Lister's w bk b Chloe, by Judge out of Clara. 
 
 1864. Mr. T. Williams ns (Dr. Richardson's) w bk d King Death, by 
 
 Canaradzo out of Annoyance. 
 
 1865. Col. Goodlake ns (Mr. G. Carruthers') r or f b Meg, by Terrona 
 
 out of Fanny Fickle. 
 
 1866. Mr. Gorton ns (Mr. Foulkes') bk w d Brigadier, by Boreas out 
 
 of Wee Nell. 
 
 1867. Mr. E. W. Stocker ns (Mr. W. J. Legh's) w bd b Lobelia, by Sea 
 
 Foam out of Lilac. 
 
 1868. Lord Lurgan's bk w d p Master M'Grath, by Dervock out of 
 
 Lady Sarah. 
 
 1869. Lord Lurgan's bk w d Master M'Grath, by Dervock out of 
 
 Lady Sarah. 
 
 1870. Mr. J. Spinks' r b p Sea Cove (late Covet), by Strange Idea out 
 
 of Curiosity. 
 
 1871. Lord Lurgan's bk w d Master M'Grath, by Dervock out of Lady 
 
 Sarah. 
 
 1872. Mr. J. Briggs' f b Bed of Stone, by Portland out of Imperatrice. 
 
 1873. Mr. R. Jardine's r w b p Muriel, by Fusilier out of Portia. 
 
 1874. Mr. C. Morgan's r d Magnano, by Cauld Kail out of Isoline. 
 
84 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 1875. Mr. "W. F. Hutchinson's bk w b Honeymoon, by Brigadier out 
 
 of Hebe. 
 
 1876. Mr. B. M. Douglas' bk d Donald, by Master Burleigh out of 
 
 Phoenix. 
 
 1877. Mr. B. F. Wilkins ns (Mr. B. Gittus') f w b p Coomassie, by 
 
 Celebrated out of Queen. 
 
 1878. Mr. H. F. Stocken ns (Mr. T. Lay's) f w b Coomassie, by Cele- 
 
 brated out of Queen. 
 
 1879. Mr. H. G. Miller's bk w d p Misterton, by Contango out of Lina. 
 
 1880. Mr. B. B. Carruthers ns (Earl of Haddington's) r w d Honey- 
 
 wood, by Cavalier out of Humming Bird. 
 
 1881. Mr. H. G. Miller ns (Mr. J. S. Postle's) w bd b Princess Dagmar, 
 
 by Ptarmigan out of Gallant Foe. 
 
 1882. Capt. Ellis ns (Mr. T. Hall's) bk b p Snowflight, by Bothal Park 
 
 out of Curiosity. 
 
 1883. Mr. G. J. Alexander ns (Mr. W. Osborne's) r b Wild Mint, by 
 
 Haddo out of Orla. 
 
 1884. Mr. C. E. Mai-fleet ns (Mr. J. Mayer's) w bk d Mineral Water, 
 
 by Memento out of Erzeroum. 
 
 1885. Mr. E. Dent's bd w b p Bit of Fashion, by Paris out \ 
 
 of Pretty Nell. 
 
 Mr. J. Hinks ns (Mr. C. Hibbert's) bd b p Miss Glen- 
 dyne, by Paris out of Lady Glendyne. 
 
 1886. Mr. B. B. Carruthers ns (Mr. C. Hibbert's) bd b Miss Glendyne, 
 
 by Paris out of Lady Glendyne. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Accidents during a course, allow- 
 ances for 45 
 
 Active training ^ - v 73 
 
 Allowances for accidents during a 
 
 course 45 
 
 Arrian, 3, 5, 18, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 
 38, 48, 71 
 
 Ashdown Park Meeting, establish- 
 ment of 40 
 
 Berners, Dame Juliana, on "the 
 properties of a good gre- 
 
 hounde " 21 
 
 Bitch, brood, selection of 54 
 
 food for 61 
 
 seclusion of, during preg- 
 
 nancy 
 
 61 
 
 Booke of St. Alban's " ... 6, 21, 29 
 
 Breeding 51 
 
 collateral 53 
 
 consanguineous 55 
 
 season for 56 
 
 Brood bitches, trained 55 
 
 bitch, selection of 54 
 
 C. 
 
 Caius, Dr. Johannes 7, 11 
 
 Celtic hound, the 3,5 
 
 Chaucer 15, 16 
 
 Cleanliness an essential for ken- 
 nels 64 
 
 Clubs, coursing, dates of forma- 
 tion of 40 
 
 exclusiveness of the old ... 41 
 Collateral breeding 53 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Colour in greyhounds 30 
 
 Condition of dog to be trained ... 74 
 Conformation, general, grouping 
 
 according to 1 
 
 Consanguineous breeding 55 
 
 Cotton Library, manuscript in ... 4 
 
 Courage, crossing for 32 
 
 Course, accidents during, allow- 
 ances for 45 
 
 definition of points of the ... 44 
 
 description of a 18 
 
 Ovid's description of a ... 19 
 
 penalties incurred during a ... 46 
 
 points of the 44 
 
 Courses, long 49 
 
 Coursing 37 
 
 antiquity of 13, 37 
 
 club, establishment of the 
 
 first 40 
 
 Duke of Norfolk's code of 
 
 laws for ... 8 
 
 enclosed ... 46 
 
 for wages, first mention of ... 6 
 
 in the time of Elizabeth ... 7 
 
 management of dogs during 80 
 
 mistakes of the tyro as to ... 17 
 
 old prejudices against 16 
 
 Somerville on 16 
 
 Cromwell a courser 40 
 
 Crossing with the bulldog 32 
 
 D. 
 
 Dams, foster 57 
 
 Dansey 11, 12 
 
 Definition of the points of the 
 
 course 44 
 
 Democracy, influence of, on cours- 
 ing meetings 42 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Derivation of the word greyhound 10 
 
 Distemper 67 
 
 Dog, selecting the 55 
 
 Edward the Confessor and his 
 
 hounds 5 
 
 Elfric, Duke of Mercia, and the 
 
 greyhound 3 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen, as a courser .. 7 
 
 Emetics before training 74 
 
 Enclosed coursing 46 
 
 " Englishe Dogges," Caius' 7 
 
 Exercise during training, substi 
 
 tute for 74 
 
 for puppies 
 
 64, 65, 66 
 
 F. 
 
 Feeding, errors of, during training 75 
 
 trencher 63 
 
 Food by weight, absurdity of 
 
 giving 76 
 
 during training 75 
 
 for bitch 61 
 
 for pups 61,64 
 
 sloppy, mistake of feeding 
 
 puppies on 64 
 
 sour, evils of 65 
 
 Foot work during training 77 
 
 Forest laws of Henry III 6 
 
 Foster dams 57 
 
 G. 
 
 Gazehound, the 7 
 
 Gelert 6 
 
 Gesner 12 
 
 Gestation tables 58 
 
 Gratius 30 
 
 Grewhound 12 
 
 Greyhound, derivation of name ... 10 
 
 modern, elegance of 10 
 
 modern, fitnesss of, for de- 
 signed purpose 10 
 
 Stud Book, the 43 
 
 uses of, in ancient times ... 14 
 Greyhounds, restrictions as to 
 
 keeping 12 
 
 Grooming 79 
 
 Group, greyhound, a distinct type 2 
 Greyhound, general confor- 
 mation of 1, 14 
 
 Grouping according to general 
 
 conformation 1 
 
 H. 
 
 Hardening the soles during train- 
 ing 72 
 
 Henry III., forest laws of 6 
 
 Heredity, laws of 54 
 
 Holinshed 3 
 
 Home rearing 63 
 
 Hunting call, royal, Ossian's de- 
 scription of 5 
 
 "Idstone" 30 
 
 Introduction of greyhound to 
 
 Great Britain 3 
 
 of the greyhound into Italy 
 and Greece 39 
 
 J. 
 
 John, King, and his kennels ... 6 
 Judging greyhounds 17, 20 
 
 K. 
 
 Kennels, cleanliness essential for 64 
 
 for puppies 64 
 
 hygienic conditions necessary 
 
 for 64 
 
 Kill of merit, a 19 
 
 39 
 
 Langley, Edmund de 6 
 
 Laws of heredity 54 
 
 M. 
 
 Malton Club, formation of 40 
 
 Management of dogs during 
 
 coursing 80 
 
 of dogs during meetings ... 79 
 
 Markham, Gervase, 15, 23, 25, 26, 27, 
 
 29, 30, 71 
 
 " Mayster of Game," 6, 22, 23, 26, 27, 
 
 30, 71 
 
 Meals for puppies, frequency of 65 
 
 Measurements of show dogs ... 35 
 
 of Waterloo Cup winners ... 35 
 Meetings, management of dogs 
 
 during 79 
 
 taking greyhounds to 79 
 
 Modern greyhound, the 9 
 
 K. 
 
 National Coursing Club, constitu- 
 tion of 42 
 
 Coursing Club, establishment' 
 
 of 41 
 
INDEX. 
 
 87 
 
 Newmarket Society, institution of 40 
 
 "Nicking" 56 
 
 Norfolk's, Duke of, code of laws 
 
 of the leash 8 
 
 O. 
 
 CEstrum 57 
 
 Oppian 30 
 
 Ossian's description of a royal 
 
 hunting call 5 
 
 Ovid 12,19,39 
 
 Ovid's description of a course ... 20 
 
 P. 
 
 Parasites, external, on puppies ... 67 
 transmission and reproduc- 
 tion of 59 
 
 Parturition . l 61 
 
 Pedigree 52 
 
 importance of 54 
 
 Penalties incurred during a course 46 
 
 Points of the course 44 
 
 of the course, definition of ... 44 
 
 of the greyhound, summary of 32 
 
 of the greyhound, value of ... 32 
 
 Predetermining the sexes 58 
 
 Pregnancy, treatment during ... 58 
 
 Prevention of worms in pups ... 59 
 Properties : 
 
 back 27 
 
 chest 27 
 
 colour 30 
 
 courage 32 
 
 ears 26 
 
 eye 25 
 
 head 22 
 
 jaws 25 
 
 loins 29 
 
 muzzle 25 
 
 neck 26 
 
 size 31 
 
 tail 30 
 
 teeth 25 
 
 weight 31 
 
 "Properties of a good grehounde," 
 
 the 22 
 
 Puppies, exercise for 64 
 
 food for 64 
 
 frequency of meals for 65 
 
 kennels for 64 
 
 proper consistence of food for 65 
 
 rearing 63 
 
 Puppy troubles : 
 
 distemper 
 
 parasites, external 
 
 teething 
 
 worms . 
 
 ... 67 
 
 ... 67 
 
 ... 66 
 
 , ... 67 
 
 Pups, food for 61 
 
 in the nest 61 
 
 worms in, prevention of ... 59 
 
 Purgatives before training 74 
 
 Qualities, necessary, in a grey- 
 hound 
 
 15 
 
 Bearing, home 63 
 
 puppies 63 
 
 Recipe for hardening the soles 
 
 during training 72 
 
 Eemedies for puppy troubles, 66, 67 
 
 Reproduction of parasites 59 
 
 Restrictions as to keeping grey- 
 hounds 13 
 
 Riding over a greyhound, rule 
 
 as to 45 
 
 Royal Library, picture in 4 
 
 Rubbing down 80 
 
 Run, a long 49 
 
 S. 
 
 Sapling, definition of the term ... 68 
 
 trial stakes 6S 
 
 Saplings, training 69 
 
 weeding out 69 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter 12,15 
 
 Season for breeding 56 
 
 Selecting brood bitch 54 
 
 dog 55 
 
 Service 57 
 
 Sexes, predetermining the 58 
 
 Shakespeare 24 
 
 Show dogs, measurements of ... 35 
 
 Slipping 78 
 
 Sloppy food, mistake of feeding 
 
 puppies on 64 
 
 Snowball, celebrity of 52 
 
 Somerville 16 
 
 Sour food, evils of 65 
 
 Speed of greyhounds, Chaucer on 
 
 the 15 
 
 of greyhounds, Sir W. Scott 
 
 on the 15 
 
 "Sports and Pastimes," Strutt's 4 
 
 Staying power 49 
 
88 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Stimulants 80 
 
 Stock, good, importance of securing 51 
 
 "Stonehenge" 12, 30, 71, 73 
 
 Summary of points of greyhound 32 
 
 Swinfen's, Mr., system of training 71 
 Systematic training a modern 
 
 institution... 71 
 
 T. 
 
 Tsenia csenurus 
 
 Teething 
 
 Test trials during training 
 
 Trained brood bitches 
 
 Training 
 
 active 73 
 
 ancient writers on 71 
 
 condition of dog before ... 74 
 emetics before commencing .. 74 
 errors in feeding during ... 75 
 food during 75 
 
 foot work during 
 
 grooming 
 
 hardening the soles 
 
 horse exercise during 
 
 management during coursing 
 
 management during meetings 
 
 Mr. Swinfen's system of 
 
 old nostrums used in 
 
 purgatives before commenc- 
 ing 
 
 record of weight to be kept 
 during 
 
 rubbing down 
 
 saplings 
 
 slipping 
 
 77 
 79 
 72 
 77 
 80 
 79 
 71 
 70 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 80 
 69 
 78 
 
 stimulants 80 
 
 " Stonehenge " on 73 
 
 substitute for exercise during 74 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Training, summer work 72 
 
 systematic, a modern institu- 
 tion 71 
 
 taking to meetings 79 
 
 test trials during 78 
 
 the author of the " Sports- 
 man's Cabinet " on 71 
 
 value of friction of the skin 
 
 during 79 
 
 vermifuges before 74 
 
 weight, record of, to be kept 
 
 during 75 
 
 work during 77 
 
 Transmission of parasites 59 
 
 Treatment during pregnancy ... 58 
 
 " Trencher feeding " 63 
 
 Trial stakes for saplings 68 
 
 Turberville, 7, 18, 30, 71 
 
 V. 
 
 Value of points of greyhound ... 32 
 
 Vermifuge 61 
 
 Vermifuges before training ... 74 
 
 W. 
 
 Waterloo Cup, establishment of... 40 
 
 Cup winners, measurements of 35 
 Cup winners, list of, from the 
 
 commencement 82 
 
 Weaning 61 
 
 Weeding out saplings 69 
 
 William of Malmesbury 5 
 
 Wolfhound, Irish, strain used for 2 
 
 Work during training 77 
 
 Worms in puppies 67 
 
 in puppies, prevention of ... 59 
 
 X. 
 
 Xenophon's treatise on hunting ... 38 
 
Catalogue of Practical Handbooks 
 Published by L. Upcott Gill, 170, 
 Strand, London, IV. C. 
 
 ANGLER, BOOK OF THE ALL-ROUND. A Comprehensive 
 Treatise on Angling in both Fresh and Salt Water. In Four Divisions, 
 as named below. By JOHN BICKEBDTKE. With over 220 Engravings 
 In cloth, price 5s. Qd., by post 6s. (A few copies of a LARGE PAPER 
 EDITION, bound in Roxburghe, price 25s.) 
 
 Angling for Coarse Pish. Bottom Fishing, according to the 
 Methods in use on the Thames, Trent, Norfolk Broads, and elsewhere. 
 Illustrated. In paper, price Is., by post Is. 2d. 
 
 Angling* for Fike. The most Approved Methods of Fishing 
 for Pike or Jack. Profusely Illustrated. In paper, price Is., by post 
 Is. 2d.; cloth, 2s. (uncut), by post 2s. 3d. 
 
 Angling for Game Fish. The Various Methods of Fishing for 
 Salmon ; Moorland, Chalfo- stream, and Thames Trout ; Grayling and 
 Char. Well Illustrated. In paper, price Is. 6d., by post Is. 9d. 
 
 Angling in Salt Water. Sea Fishing with Rod and Line, from 
 the Shore, Piers, Jetties, Rocks, and from Boats ; together with Some 
 Account of Hand-Lining. Over 50 Engravings. In paper, price Is., by 
 post Is. 2d. ; cloth, 2s. (uncut), by post 2s. 3d. 
 
 AQUARIA, BOOK OF. A Practical Guide to the Construction, 
 Arrangement, and Management of Fresh-water and Marine Aquaria ; 
 containing Full Information as to the Plants, Weeds, Fish, Molluscs, 
 Insects, &c., How and Where to Obtain Them, and How to Keep Them 
 in Health. Illustrated. By REV. GREGORY C. BATEMAN, A.K.C., and 
 REGINALD A. R. BENNETT, B.A. In cloth gilt, price 5s. 6d., by post 
 5s. lOd. 
 
 AQUARIA, FRESHWATER : Their Construction, Arrangement, 
 Stocking, and Management. Fully Illustrated. By REV. G. C. BATE- 
 MAN, A.K.C. In cloth gilt, price 3s. 6d., by post 3s. lOd. 
 
 AQUARIA, MARINE : Their Construction, Arrangement, and Manage- 
 ment. Fully Illustrated. By R. A. R. BENNETT, B.A. In cloth gilt, 
 price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
 AUSTRALIA, SHALL I TRY? A Guide to the Australian 
 Colonies for the Emigrant Settler and Business Man. With two 
 Illustrations. By GEORGE LACON JAMES. In cloth gilt, price 3s. 6d., 
 by post 3s. Wd. 
 
 AUTOGRAPH COLLECTING : A Practical Manual for Amateurs 
 and Historical Students, containing ample information on the Selec- 
 tion and Arrangement of Autographs, the Detection of Forged 
 Specimens, &c., &c., to which are added numerous Facsimiles for 
 Study and Reference, and an extensive Valuation Table of Auto- 
 graphs worth Collecting. By HENRY T. SCOTT, M.D., L.R.C.P., &c., 
 Rector of Swettenham, Cheshire. In leatherette gilt, price 7s. 6d., by 
 post 7s. Wd. 
 
 164 D 5/95 
 
2 Published by L. UPCOTT GILL, 
 
 BEES AND BEE-KEEPING: Scientific and Practical. By F. E. 
 CHESHIRE, F.L.S., F.E.M.S., Lecturer on Apiculture at South Kensington. 
 In two vols., cloth gilt, price 16s., by post 16s. 4d. 
 
 Vol. I., Scientific. A complete Treatise on the Anatomy and 
 
 Physiology of the Hive Bee. In cloth gilt, price 7s. 6d., by post 7s. lOd. 
 
 Vol. II., Practical Management of Bees. An Exhaustive 
 
 Treatise on Advanced Bee Culture. In cloth gilt, price 8s. 6d., by post 
 
 8s. lOd. 
 
 BEE-KEEPING, BOOK OP. A very practical and Complete Manual 
 on the Proper Management of Bees, especially written for Beginners 
 and Amateurs who have but a few Hives. Fully Illustrated. By 
 W. B. WEBSTER, First-class Expert, B.B.K.A. In paper, price Is., 
 by post Is. 2<i. ; cloth, Is. 6d., by post Is. 8d. 
 
 BEGONIA CULTURE, for Amateurs and Professionals. Containing 
 Full Directions for the Successful Cultivation of the Begonia, under 
 Glass and in the Open Air. Illustrated. By B. C. EAVENSCROFT. In 
 paper, price Is., by post Is. 2d. 
 
 BENT IRON WORK : A Practical Manual of Instruction for Amateurs 
 in the Art and Craft of Making and Ornamenting Light Articles in 
 imitation of the beautiful Mediaeval and Italian Wrought Iron Work. 
 By F. J. ERSKINE. Illustrated. In paper, price Is., by post Is. 2d. 
 
 BOAT BUILDING AND SAILING, PRACTICAL. Containing 
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 Sailing Boats, &c. Particulars of the most suitable Sailing Boats and 
 Yachts for Amateurs, and Instructions for their Proper Handling. Fully 
 illustrated with Designs and Working Diagrams. By ADRIAN NEISON, 
 C.E., DIXON KEMP, A.I.N.A., and G. CHRISTOPHER DAVIES. In one vol., 
 cloth gilt, price 7s. Qd., by post 7s. lOcZ. 
 
 BOAT BUILDING FOR AMATEURS, PRACTICAL. Contain, 
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 ADRIAN NEISON, C.E. Second Edition, Eevised and Enlarged by DIXON 
 KEMP, Author of "Yacht Designing," "A Manual of Yacht and Boat 
 Sailing," &c. In cloth gilt, price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
 BOAT SAILING FOR AMATEURS. Containing Particulars of 
 the most Suitable Sailing Boats and Yachts for Amateurs, and Instruc- 
 tions for their Proper Handling, &c. Illustrated with numerous 
 Diagrams. By G. CHRISTOPHER DAVIES. Second Edition, Eevised and 
 Enlarged, and with several New Plans of Yachts. In cloth gilt, price 5s., 
 by post 5s. 4d. 
 
 BOOKBINDING FOR AMATEURS : Being Descriptions of the 
 various Tools and Appliances Eequired, and Minute Instructions for 
 their Effective Use. By W. J. E. CRANE. Illustrated with 156 Engrav- 
 ings. In cloth gilt, price 2s. Qd., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
 BUNKUM ENTERTAINMENTS: A Collection of Original Laugh- 
 able Skits on Conjuring, Physiognomy, Juggling, Performing Fleas, 
 Waxworks, Panorama, Phrenology, Phonograph, Second Sight, 
 Lightning Calculators, Ventriloquism, Spiritualism, &c., to which are 
 added Humorous Sketches, Whimsical Eecitals, and Drawing-room 
 Comedies. In cloth, price 2s. Qd., by post 2s. Qd. 
 
 BUTTERFLIES, THE BOOK OF BRITISH: A Practical 
 Manual for Collectors and Naturalists. Splendidly Illustrated through- 
 out with very accurate Engravings of the Caterpillars, Chrysalids, and 
 Butterflies, both upper and under sides, from drawings by the Author 
 or direct from Nature. By W. J. LUCAS, B.A. Price 3s. 6(2., by pbst 
 3s. 9d. 
 
170, Strand, London, W.C. 
 
 BUTTERFLY AND MOTH COLLECTING: Where to Search, 
 and What to Do. By G. E. SIMMS. Illustrated. In paper, price Is., 
 by post Is. 2d. 
 
 CACTUS CULTURE POR AMATEURS: Being Descriptions of 
 the various Cactuses grown in this country ; with Full and Practical 
 Instructions for their Successful Cultivation. By W. WATSON, Assistant 
 Curator of the Eoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Profusely Illustrated. 
 In cloth gilt, price 5s., by post 5s. 3d. 
 
 CAGE BIRDS, DISEASES OF : Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treat- 
 ment. A Handbook for everyone who keeps a Bird. By DR. W. T. 
 GREENE, F.Z.S. In paper, price Is., by post Is. 2d. 
 
 CAGE BIRDS, BRITISH. Containing Full Directions for Success- 
 fully Breeding, Eearing, and Managing the various British Birds that 
 can be kept in Confinement. Illustrated with COLOURED PLATES 
 and numerous finely-cut Wood Engravings. By E. L. WALLACE. In 
 cloth gilt, price 10s. 6d., by post 10s. Wd. 
 
 CANARY BOOK. The Breeding, Eearing, and Management of 
 all Varieties of Canaries and Canary Mules, and all other matters 
 connected with this Fancy. By EGBERT L. WALLACE. Third 
 Edition. In cloth gilt, price 5s., by post 5s. 4d, ; with COLOURED 
 PLATES, 6s. 6d., by post 6s. lOd. ; and as follows: 
 
 General Management of Canaries. Cages and Cage-making 
 Breeding, Managing, Mule Breeding, Diseases and their Treatment, 
 Moulting, Pests, &c. Illustrated. In cloth, price 2s. 6d., by post 
 2s. 9d. 
 
 Exhibition Canaries. Full Particulars of all the different 
 Varieties, their Points of Excellence, Preparing Birds for Exhibi- 
 tion, Formation and Management of Canary Societies and Exhibitions. 
 Illustrated. In cloth, price 2s. Qd., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
 CANOE BUILDING FOR AMATEURS: A Practical Manual, 
 with Plans, Working Diagrams, and full Instructions. By COTTERILL 
 SCHOLEFIELD. Price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9d. \_In the Press. 
 
 CARD TRICKS, BOOK OF, for Drawing-room and Stage Entertain- 
 ments by Amateurs ; with an exposure of Tricks as practised by Card 
 Sharpers and Swindlers. Numerous Illustrations. By PROF. E. KUNARD. 
 In illustrated ivrapper, price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
 CATS, DOMESTIC OR FANCY: A Practical Treatise on their 
 Antiquity, Domestication, Varieties, Breeding, Management, Diseases 
 and Eemedies, Exhibition and Judging. By JOHN JENNINGS. Illus- 
 trated. In cloth, price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9oL 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTURE, for Amateurs and Professionals. 
 Containing Full Directions for the Successful Cultivation of the 
 Chrysanthemum for Exhibition and the Market. Illustrated. By 
 B. C. EAVENSCROFT. In paper, price Is., by post Is. 2cL 
 
 COINS, A GUIDE TO ENGLISH PATTERN, in Gold, Silver, 
 Copper, and Pewter, from Edward I. to Victoria, with their Value. By 
 the EEV. G. F. CROWTHER, M.A. Illustrated. In silver cloth, with gilt 
 facsimiles of Coins, price 5s., by post 5s. 3d. 
 
 COINS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, A GUIDE 
 TO THE, in Gold, Silver and Copper, from the Earliest Period to the 
 Present Time, with their Value. By the late Colonel W. STEWART 
 THORBURN. With 27 Plates in Gold, Silver, and Copper, and 8 
 Plates of Gold and Silver Coins in EAISED FACSIMILE. In cloth, 
 with silver facsimiles of Coins, price 7s. 6d., by post 7s. 10d. 
 
Published by L. UPCOTT GILL, 
 
 COLLIE, THE. Its History, Points, and Breeding. By HUGH DALZIEL. 
 Illustrated with Coloured Frontispiece and Plates. In paper, price Is., 
 by post Is. 2d.-, cloth, 2s., by post 2s. 3d. 
 
 COLLIE STUD BOOK. Edited by HUGH DALZIEL. Price 3s. 6d. each, 
 by post 3s. 9d. each. 
 
 Vol. I., containing Pedigrees of 1308 of the best-known Dogs, traced 
 to their most remote known ancestors ; Show Record to Feb., 1890, &c. 
 
 Vol. II. Pedigrees of 795 Dogs, Show Record, &c. 
 
 Vol. III. Pedigrees of 786 Dogs, Show Record, &c. 
 
 COLUMBARIUM, MOORE'S. Reprinted Verbatim from the original 
 Edition of 1735, with a Brief Notice of the Author. By W. B. TEGET- 
 MEIEB, F.Z.S., Member of the British Ornithologists' Union. Price Is., 
 by post Is. 2d. 
 
 CONJURING-, BOOK OP MODERN. A Practical Guide to Drawing- 
 room and Stage Magic for Amateurs. By PROFESSOR R. KUNARD. 
 Illustrated. In illustrated wrapper, price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
 COOKERY FOR AMATEURS; or, French Dishes for English Homes 
 of all Classes. Includes Simple Cookery, Middle-class Cookery, Superior 
 Cookery, Cookery for Invalids, and Breakfast and Luncheon Cookery. 
 By MADAME VALERIE. Second Edition. In paper, price Is., by post Is. 2d. 
 
 CUCUMBER CULTURE FOR AMATEURS. Including also 
 Melons, Vegetable Marrows, and Gourds. Illustrated. By W. J. MAT. 
 In paper, price Is., by post Is. 2d. 
 
 CYCLIST'S ROUTE MAP of England and Wales. The Third Edition; 
 thoroughly Revised. Shows clearly all the Main, and most of the Cross, 
 Roads, and the Distances between the Chief Towns, as well as the 
 Mileage from London. In addition to this, Routes of Thirty of the most 
 Interesting Tours are printed in red. The map is mounted on linen, and is 
 the fullest, handiest, and best tourist's map in the market. In cloth, 
 price Is., by post Is. 2d. 
 
 DOGS, BREAKING- AND TRAINING: Being Concise Directions 
 for the proper education of Dogs, both for the Field and for Companions. 
 Second Edition. By "PATHFINDER." With Chapters by HUGH 
 DALZIEL. Illustrated. In cloth gilt, price 6s. 6d., by post 6s. lOd. 
 
 DOGS, BRITISH, ANCIENT AND MODERN : Their Varieties, 
 History, and Characteristics. By HUGH DALZIEL, assisted by Eminent 
 Fanciers. SECOND EDITION, Revised and Enlarged. Illustrated with 
 First-class COLOURED PLATES and full-page Engravings of Dogs of 
 the Day. This is the fullest work on the various breeds of dogs kept in 
 England. In three volumes, demy Svo, cloth gilt, price 10s. 6d. each, by 
 post 11s. Id. each. 
 
 Dogs Used in Field Sports. Containing Particulars of the 
 following among other Breeds : Greyhound, Irish Wolfhound, Blood- 
 hound, Foxhound, Harrier, Basset, Dachshund, Pointer, Setters, 
 Spaniels, and Retrievers. SEVEN COLOURED PLATES and 21 full-page 
 Engravings. 
 
 Dogs Useful to Man in other Work than Field Sports ; 
 House and Toy Dogs. Containing Particulars of the following, 
 among other Breeds: Collie, Bulldog, Mastiff, St. Bernards, Newfoundland, 
 Great Dane, Fox and all other Terriers, King Charles and Blenheim 
 Spaniels, Pug, Pomeranian, Poodle, Italian Greyhound, Toy Dogs, &c,, 
 &c. COLOURED PLATES and full-page Engravings. 
 
170, Strand, London, W.C. 
 
 Practical Kennel Management: A Complete Treatise on all 
 Matters relating to the Proper Management of Dogs, whether kept for 
 the Show Bench, for the Field, or for Companions. Illustrated with 
 Coloured and numerous other Plates. [In, the Press. 
 
 DOGS, DISEASES OP : Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment ; 
 Modes of Administering Medicines ; Treatment in eases of Poisoning, &c. 
 For the use of Amateurs. By HUGH DALZIEL. Third Edition. In 
 paper, price Is., by post Is. 2d. ; in cloth gilt, 2s., by post 2s. 3d. 
 
 ENTERTAINMENTS, AMATEUR, FOE, CHARITABLE AND 
 OTHER OBJECTS : How to Organize and Work them with Profi 
 and Success. By EGBERT GANTHONY. In coloured cover, price Is., by 
 post Is. 2d. 
 
 FANCY WORK SERIES, ARTISTIC. A Series of Illustrated 
 Manuals on Artistic and Popular Fancy Work of various kinds. Each 
 number is complete in itself, and issued at the uniform price of Qd., by 
 post 7d. Now ready (1) MACRAME LACE (Second Edition) ; (2) PATCH- 
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 NETTING. 
 
 FERNS, THE BOOK OF CHOICE : for the Garden, Conservatory, 
 and Stove. Describing the best and most striking Ferns and Sela- 
 ginellas, and giving explicit directions for their Cultivation, the for- 
 mation of Rockeries, the* arrangement of Ferneries, &c. By GEORGE; 
 SCHNEIDER. With numerous Coloured Plates and other Illustrations. 
 In 3 vols., large post 4<to. Cloth gilt, price 3 3s., by post 3 6s. 
 
 FERNS, CHOICE BRITISH. Descriptive of the most beautiful 
 Variations from the common forms, and their Culture. By C. T. DRUERY,, 
 F.L.S. Very accurate PLATES, and other Illustrations. In cloth gilt, 
 price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
 FERRETS AND FERRETING-. Containing Instructions for the 
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 post 7<Z. 
 
 FERTILITY OP EGGS CERTIFICATE. These are Forms of 
 Guarantee given by the Sellers to the Buyers of Eggs for Hatching, 
 undertaking to refund value of any unfertile eggs, or to replace them 
 with good ones. Very valuable to sellers of eggs, as they induce 
 purchases. In books, with counterfoils, price 6d., by post Id. 
 
 FIREWORK-MAKING FOR AMATEURS. A complete, accurate, 
 and easily-understood work on Making Simple and High-class Fireworks. 
 By Dr. W. H. BROWNE, M.A. In paper, price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
 FOREIGN BIRDS, FAVOURITE, for Cages and Aviaries. How to- 
 Keep them in Health. Fully Illustrated. By W. T. GREENE, M.A.. 
 M.D., F.Z.S., &c. In cloth, price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
 FOX TERRIER, THE. Its History, Points, Breeding, Rearing, Pre- 
 paring, for Exhibition, and Coursing. By HUGH DALZIEL. Illustrated 
 with Coloured Frontispiece and Plates. In paper, price Is., by post 
 Is. 2d. ; cloth, 2s., by post 2s. 3d. 
 
 FOX TERRIER STUD BOOK. Edited by HUGH DALZIEL. Price 
 3s. 6d. each., by post 3s. 9d. each. 
 
 Vol. I., containing Pedigrees of over 1400 of the best-known Dogs,, 
 traced to their most remote known ancestors. 
 
 Vol. II. Pedigrees of 1544 Dogs, Show Record, &c. 
 Vol. III. Pedigrees of 1214 Dogs, Show Record, &c. 
 Vol. IV. Pedigrees of 1168 Dogs, Show Record, &c. 
 Vol. V. Pedigrees of 1662 Dogs, Show Record, Ac. 
 
6 Published by L. UPCOTT GILL, 
 
 FRETWORK AND MARQUETRY. A Practical Manual of 
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 D. DENNING. In cloth, price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. lOd. 
 
 FRIESLAND MERES, A CRUISE ON THE. By ERNEST E. 
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 GAME AND GAME SHOOTING, NOTES ON. Grouse, Far- 
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 Books. By J. J. MANLET. Illustrated. In cloth gilt, price 7s. Gd., 
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 GAME PRESERVING, PRACTICAL. Containing the fullest 
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 GARDENING, DICTIONARY OF. A Practical Encyclopedia of 
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 GOAT, BOOK OF THE. Containing Full Particulars of the various 
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 GOAT-KEEPING FOR AMATEURS : Being the Practical Manage- 
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 GRAPE GROWING FOR AMATEURS. A Thoroughly Practical 
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 GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT FOR AMATEURS. The 
 
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 GREYHOUND, THE : Its History, Points, Breeding, Rearing, Training, 
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 HAND CAMERA MANUAL, THE. A Practical Handbook on all 
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 HANDWRITING, CHARACTER INDICATED BY. With Illus- 
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 Musicians, Actors, and other persons. Second Edition. By R. BAUGHAN. 
 In cloth gilt, price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
170, Strand, London, W.C. 
 
 HARDY PERENNIALS and Old-fashioned Garden Flowers. Descrip- 
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 Eockeries, and Shrubberies, including Foliage as well as Flowering 
 Plants. Profusely Illustrated. By J. WOOP. In cloth, price 5s., by 
 post 5s. 4d. 
 
 HAWK MOTHS, BOOK OP BRITISH. A Popular and Practical 
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 black and white from drawings from Nature by the Author. By W. J. 
 LUCAS, B.A. . [In the Press. 
 
 HOME MEDICINE AND SURGERY: A Dictionary of Diseases 
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 HORSE-KEEPING FOR AMATEURS. A Practical Manual on 
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 HORSES, DISEASES OF : Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. 
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 INLAND WATERING PLACES. A Description of the Spas of 
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 Profusely illustrated. A Companion Volume to "Seaside Watering Places." 
 In cloth, price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. Wd. 
 
 JOURNALISM, PRACTICAL : How to Enter Thereon and Succeed. 
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 LAYING HENS, HOW TO KEEP and to Eear Chickens in Large 
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 LEGAL PROFESSION, A GUIDE TO THE. How to Enter 
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 LIBRARY MANUAL, THE. A Guide to the Formation of a Library, 
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 cloth gilt, price 7s. 6d., by post 7s. lOd. 
 
 MICE, FANCY : Their Varieties, Management, and Breeding. Ee-issue, 
 with Criticisms and Notes by DR. CARTER BLAKE. Illustrated. In 
 paper, price 6d., by^post 7d. 
 
 MILLINERY, HANDBOOK OF. A Practical Manual of Instruction. 
 Illustrated. By MME. EOSEE, Court Milliner, Principal of the School of 
 Millinery. In paper, price Is., by post Is. 2d. 
 
 MODEL YACHTS AND BOATS : Their Designing, Making, and 
 Sailing. Illustrated with 118 Designs and Working Diagrams. A 
 splendid book for boys and others interested in making and rigging toy 
 boats for sailing. It is the best book on the subject now published. By 
 J. DU V. GROSVENOR. In leatherette, price 5s., by post 5s. 3d. 
 
 MONKEYS, PET, and How to Manage Them. Illustrated. By ARTHUR 
 PATTERSON. In cloth gilt, price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. 9d. 
 
10 Published by L. UPCOTT GILL, 
 
 RABBIT, BOOK OF THE. A Complete Work on Breeding and 
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 Uses, Points, Selection, Mating, Management, &c., &c. SECOND 
 EDITION. Edited by KEMPSTER W. KNIGHT. Illustrated with 
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 RABBITS, DISEASES OF: Their Causes, Symptoms, and Cure. 
 With a Chapter on THE DISEASES OF CAVIES. Reprinted from " The 
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 RABBITS FOR FRIZES AND PROFIT. The Proper Manage- 
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 ^0$ BERKELEY 
 
 Return to desk from which borrowed. 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 PR 3 1970 5 
 
 31970 
 
 SEP 1 1 1972 k6 
 
 REC'D LD OCT 9| '72 -11 AM 5 5 
 
 JUN 161974 91 
 
 REC'D LD 
 
 OCT 9 '63 -6 P 
 
 REC'D LD 
 
 fa'65-9l\W 
 
 LD 21-95m-ll,'50(2877sl6)476 
 
 
697653 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY/' 1 
 
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