THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES UNIFIED STENOGRAPHY THE SIMPLEST AND MOST UNIFORM OF ANY OF THE PITMANIC SYSTEMS Prepared for the exclusive use OF THE HEFFLEY SCHOOL Brooklyn- New York 1904 Copyrighted by HEFFLEY SCHOOL 1904 GENERAL DIRECTIONS The general directions which may be given the student in advance are few, as the principles introduced from time to time in the following pages will be specifically treated, when reference is made to them. Ruled paper should always be use'l. Faint red lines are preferable and they should be ruled about one-half inch apart. Every character must be carefully and correctly formed, and should never be written faster than it can be written well. Ability to write rapidly and legibly will depend upon the precision with which in the beginning each character is written. Accuracy in writing depends upon the direction in which each char- acter is written, its length, and whether it is light or heavy. The perpen- dicular, slanting, and horizontal strokes should be made in the proper direction, and the curved strokes, when made heavy, should be thickened in the centre only, and should taper toward the extremities ; while straight strokes are made heavy throughout, and should be made only sufficiently heavy to distinguish them from light strokes. Either a pen or a pencil may be used, which should be held between the first and second fingers, in an almost upright position. The note- book must be kept in place with the left hand, and, when one is writing, the weight of the body should not rest upon the right arm. Everything should be written and read over and over again. Each character, word, or principle must be learned perfectly before the nexc one is taken up, and nothing outside of the exercises given in connection with each lesson should be attempted. Word-signs must be reviewed daily. PHONOGRAPHIC ALPHABET CONSONANTS row ELS Phono- graph Name Direction written Sound of Sound of \ \ P B Downward P as in Pope B " babe * E as in eat 1 T - T " tight 1* A " ate 1 D u D " dead . Alt " arm / Chay " CH " church / J " J " judge A\v ' all K Left to riglu K " kick i Gay " . G " S a g O " oak X" Ray Upward R ' ' roar S Hay " II " high . oo " ooze V. F Downward F " fife . T " ill v V " V ' ' vat ( Ith " TH " path e " el! ( The " TH " thy a " at S " S ' ' saw ) Z " Z " zeal 6 " odd J Ish SH " she J Zhe Downward y 5 aZUfe ) vision u " us r f L jLay Upward 5 L " lull 1 L oo put r Yay Downward Y " yet V I ' ' ice ~\ R " R ' ' roar A "^ Way " W " wake Ot ' oil x . M I^ft to right M ' maim j Emp " MP " hemp A C>\V " Owl ^^^^ lEmb " MB " ember x N " N ' ' noun ^^^ fine ^Ink NO " thin? XK " think | ft u " use PHONOGRAPHY Phonography is based, upon a scientific analysis of the sounds of the English language. The common alphabet, as being inadequate for the accurate representation of the various sounds, has been discarded and one more philosophic has been adopted, one which provides an absolute sign for each consonant and vowel sound. The CONSONANT signs are derived from the following geometric diagrams : From these divisions twelve simple straight and curved lines are obtained : These lines, made light and heavy, are arranged in pairs, the thin strokes representing the whispered sounds, and the heavy strokes the vocal or thickened sounds, as in column I, on the opposite page. Each consonant, whether straight or curved, is written in the direction of one of the lines in the following figures : FIG. 1. FIG. 2. FIG. 3. The lines in the second and fourth directions are inclined exactly midway between the horizontal and perpendicular lines in the first and third directions. Each sign represents invariably the same sound, and is always written in the same direction. (See columns 2 and 3.) The VOWEL sounds are represented by dots and dashes placed in three positions about the consonant signs, as in column 5. COKSONANTS 1. Upright and sloping consonants are written DOWNWARD, except lay, ray, and hay, which are written UPWARD. \ I I / / P B T D Chay J ^ ( ( )) V Ith The S Z r Ish Zhee L R Way Yay Lay Ray Hay 2. Horizontal consonants are written from LEFT to RIGHT. K Gay M Emp or Erab K Ing or Ink 3. All strokes are made of uniform length. Chay slopes 60, and ray and hay 30, degrees from the line of writing. / Chay Ray Hay 4. When consonants are combined, they are written without lifting the pen from the paper, each succeeding consonant beginning where the preceding one ends . 5. Each consonant is written in the sane direction whon joined to others as when standing alone. When joined, the first DOWN or UP stroke rests UPON the line. L, when standin c alone, is written UPWARD. p-m b-k t-gay v-ray chay-ray ray-chay t-m s-n ith-m ray-v ray-Ish gay-ray-t hay-ith lay-f hay-k r-m way-k d-lay p-lay b-1 r-1 m-lay \ ^\ ~7 ~\ ~ . i / i^-~*, . k-b gay-t m-f n-t k-chay gay-t-m n-t-ray ing-t s. ^ I I / _X _ _ _Sy _ _V_ -S-, _ - -\ p-t b-chay t-p d-ith chay-p ish-f v-j r-r f-f p-p t-t 6. Except in a few combinations, an angle is formed between a itraight and a curved, and between two curved, consonants. p-f f-n v-lng lay-emb emp-f p-n f-r lay-k t- SFP 11 1QHK READING AND WRITING EXERCISE f __N___N 2 .-(- ') i;::z: .7_:x _ _\ 10 _ L_l _l__K_U 14 - SEP 1 1 1905 LONQ VOWELS 7. The long-vowel sounds as heard in the words heat, hate, heart, bought, boat, boot, are represented by HEAVY dots and dashes, written at the beginning, middle and end of a consonant. E A AH AW 00 8. The sounds are called first-place, second-place, and third-place vowels. The place is reckoned from the beginning or the stroke. Dash vowels are written at right angles to the stroke. I! *<* X' \I Li! 9. All consonants of a word are written before placing the vowel or vowels. In stenography only the sounds of a word are expressed. 10. A vowel placed at the left of a downward stem, or above a hori- zontal -or upward stem, is read BEFORE the stem. ' -p a-p ah-p aw-t o-t oo-t e-k a-k ah-k aw-ray o-ray oo-ray 11. A vowel placed at the right of a downward stem, or below a hori- zontal or upward stem, is read AFTER the stem. ' b-e b-a b-ah j-aw j-o j-oo k-e k-a k-ah hay-aw hay-o hay-oo 12. Words" containing first-place vowels are Bitten ABOVE the liije, n 7 'I ^ a. -VL- ') 7 .A -^ - eat each awed ought auk f -C, v I* ease awes eel ear eke )" " ^ ^ tea saw fee key caw knee see she me gnaw ye 13. Words containing* second-place vowels are written ON the line. .-X-X-J?--i_"-j?--(- A'.-L-. .1 .vi/. _\ ape ate owed age oath ace ache oak own bay I $ V V> U -ft ' -V ' / > pay day toe dough foe show way know gay hoe hay 14. Words containing third-place vowels are written THROUOH the line If downward or upward stems, and UNDER the line if horizontal stems. ooze boo chew Jew / Lou sAoe sue woo coo SFP l.? 1905 LA v77 K READING AND WRITING EXERcJMt LLAS, TX *. * % *\ ^ ' 5 _ Z _ .V _ L^ _ _ _ _X~ _ A >^ ^T_ ^L/_ _ _ % . ,Z-^~J-"J-^SVT I I " ^ 12 --(L _^_ _)_ )r_ ^V_ --^s- -"X. I W^ H0T : V ^ M _v_ _.r _ >_ _ v >s i _ ' >& The, a, ah, all, too, already, before, owe-oh, "ought, who, whom. SEP 1 4 1905 SHORT ^ VOWELS 16. The six short-vowel sounds as heard in the words sit, set, s_et, lock, luck, look, are represented by light dots and dashes, and written in the same positions and governed by the same rules as the long vowels . A /I 6-0 .r <- egg up at add am ashy alley eddy essay 16. A first-place vowel between two consonants is written after the FIRST consonant, second- and third-place vowels are written before the SECOND consonant . * ix K u, r i i T j j t-e-m t-a-m t-ah-m t-i-p t-e-j> t-a-pV t/aw-1 /t-o-1"' t-oo-1 17. When words contain two or more stems, the first UPWARD or DOWN- WARD stem is written in the position of the accented vowel. talk team balk teach daub sheep tick pitch top ' 'tub bake dome knave thump pa id| pagr tape^ sTfcde duck back -\? ? Uv - -^J - l^y- V-N* - -Zi.- - Lr - LJ -Nu. - - .L_r palm doom shook tomb boom Jack ^ tack took book attack keep cape cap ' nav^ gage match meek name camp dump hea T buck pump honey shock Edith envy heed dock uncouth" bought beet boat peach cheap fame shame head peg ^ - cake keg gag copy canopy Gotham"^ attach/ vacate chap\ dfs h ditto decay invoke package dado ch chimney SEP 1? 1905 10 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE r ; J----7---^---"--"---^- _\ )" C z: , >. , _ _ (^ O <- v 6 X 8 JCl_jr^ 12 13 --\^- -.1^ --|r --" Word, signs : x - ^ , IK--X..-----N - - s .-.!-. i.-,--^---^ -/- An-and, of, to, to the, or, but, to a, on, should, how, f M ' #* 11 CCD 97 DIPHTHONGS 18. The double vowels as heard In the words tie, toy, vow, and view are expressed as follows: VI A| I i I oi I ow A | u 19. These signs are always written In the saie direction, and may be Joined to the stem If they form an acute angle. pie thy type knife toy boy decoy out our couch use " ( ^ vv ow thou eyes Ida item oil oily bo 20. When two vowels occur between two consonants, write the first vowel after the first consonant and the second vowel before the second consonant. ... .U--V.-N.--.y-. ty deity Truel /vowel -^power^ bower poem payer ' weigher gaye 21. When two vowels either precede or follow a consonant, that vowel which is to be read next the consonant is written nearer to it. ua I iota Idea , payee boa Iowa Oe'nba Padua I radii avowee 22. When the SOUND of L or R begins a word, lay or ray is used; when It ends a word _l_ or r Is used. w lay leap lake like wrought rug rub ray rope ring feel pall ball call coal bear i share pier pour Exceptions: L or Fl is used before M or Erap, aal Lay or Ray is used after ^1, Emp, or Ray. s- Rome loom ream limp mail meal rail reel 23. When the SOUND of L or R follows an initial vowel sound, _L_ or_R is used; when it precedes a final vowel sound, Lay or Ray is used. elm elk alumn electl alike era air ore ark arm ^ Vf pillow delay fellow valley hourly Peru Harry carry bureau 12 *f\0& READING AND WRITING EXERCISE y iv iv iv ,v /v -\ v , \ _!__AT _r-;^ _V_ N ., s , y s- V\ 2 _ _5T > ._ v ^nr'. Jx _^1. _"\_ 3 ------ "^-o)---J--lr-^--^--->--^-- / *' /^ A/ /V IV IV *' ,A / v ^ | v o ! ~~\ r xlA , /\ I I 8 V 9 _L: _ _S\_^^ /y^ -* i _(^_ Word signs: v v I 14 I-cye, you, hope -happy-party , object-be, to be, time, it, dollar, do, .._ 15 had, which, much, advantage, large. 13 CIRCLE Z. 24. S and Z are also represented by a small INITIAL or FINAL circle, called Iss. It is written on the RIGHT-HAND side of downward straight strokes, and on the UPPER side of horizontal and upward straight strokes. It Is written on the INSIDE of curved strokes. It is read FIRST when it begins and LAST when it ends an outline. o_ % r r^^co^^^ iss-k iss-b iss-t Iss-chay iss-ray iss-f iss-ith iss-s iss-r Iss-n iss-a -e \> b e * \o J a /-- v_s> /-% gay-lss b-iss d-lss J-lss hay-iss v-lss s-iss way-iss ra-iss n-iss emp-iss 25. The circle is written on the OUTSIDE of the angle formed by straight strokes. Between other consonants it is written in the more convenient way. j_ ' t-iss-k gay 26. The circle form is used for all words that BEGIN with S, or that END with S or Z. "..it \ V ^ V-N -iss-t chay-iss-k b-iHs-f p-is-r f-lss-n n-lss-n m-iss- circle form is used for all words that BEGIN with S, or or Z. 1 P -/" ^ V-C S~\ S-' J ___ A_ CLJ: ___ f__ /_ _Yi__L I_ ^__.V__^ ---- sight soap sake said such spoke sorrow slow save sash sing s g sank ._----- -----^-- ___-_.- base dies chase choose less miss news stays sales suns notice s a f .-- S~ tJC.* V^ \ / "^P^~ ' " >? --- ~ I* is called sez. and Is used in the _>_ ....^,...... ^.___ ... paces teases cases voices noises looses amazes sources foPces successive 29. S may follow the aez circle by an additional small circle .*? - - -*-*> - ' o ___ j _____ ^ D _ _ abscesses excesses successes recesses possesses dispossesses READING AND WRI'l ING EXERCISE 1 __| \o k> /_ p .p- vp < '^ V \ Q X Q ~^ 4 A 9 ( <^i^ Q_^ - -?-i^- - > * |V |A / ,___ ^^ _,_ TL -x ) - - x C o _u. L .,_ '*.''? bn ~ ' Word signs: - X P P /_ ?S~- - ., I/ K W Is-his, as-has, subject, satisfy-f led, satisfactory, satisfactorily, __V_ _ i _ _ i _ _C_ _/_ I b v Mseveral, advertise, advertises, because, this, thus - those, ^~& ^-J> ^_> ^ b 15 impossible-lllty , improves, influence, influences. HOT 1 fi iQ(\ft wn\l 6 WTO THE 1ST and STKR LOOPS 30. i Is expressed by a small Initial or final loop. It Is made one half the length of the stem. It Is written on the circle side and is governed by the same rules as apply to t. h .e iss circle. Al -1 steep stub state stout stood steady stitch stage stake stick 1V__. *_..JL__JL_ _/_ _ _:c_ _-n_ _/_ _.../x.L- stiff staff stove stave steal stale steam stall stem stamp X s^-.X-.N ____ [..J-__/i_. A . ^=_ A. post passed best based tossed dust chest just cast guest rest feast fast . vast zest list lost missed most west waste yeast J ~\. ~~^ / ^-& *=>\ \S _ J &_ /' ' ^ ~ ~ ~^ ~ \^- poster tester duster Jester coaster castor Rochester foster vaster lustre arrester disturb nestor Worcester impostor songster yesterday 32. S may follow the loops by making an additional small circle. f V i- 1. r^ 3 /^ jf -- ___ >_ . _- T- - - - V- --{*.- - -^ - -^ - - -<- - lists boasts toasts tests lasts costs coasts ghosts wrists rusts nests invests jests feasters masters Lester's musters teamsters dusters disasters gamesters songsters boasters ministers OCT 19 1905 1G READING AND WRITING EXERCISE i - ~-i- -P-- A_ ._v_-A- ^^^ .In ? ^ ^ - *=> *== * r~> I . i ~ i ~ ~ <# .y n \_^ o 5 6 _ i i 8 ^>^.^_,_J_ r- V p youtn yoke yachts Yale yellow young Yates yokes Europe. Yankee * r \ ~^L ~^_. % ? ^V r t /,- ' //~ ' ^ ^ - _ J_ _ J>_ _ _ lA, _->!./ I - - ^u^j - howl here why "him hemp hung hogshead unhook white whit whii Note: WH at the beginning of words is sounded as HW, which sound is represented by the thickened semicircle for W. 1905 18 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE <-> 5 _ _. .-. ____--- ~~v _ _ i // _^" -Y^-TX-^- ^^ -vJ^-L ' t r / r < --- ~ i x , ~ ~/^ ~ I ~ c '-^--^-^-" 9 _ ' Word signs: f e. 3 u n ^ ? X He-tiim,we-with, were, what, would, year, yet .beyond, you, that, when, aware 19 ir.r o/' - NOV 1905 T^C T WORD SIOHS 57. Certain words of frequent uss may be abbreviated: (a) By the omission of consonants. (b) By the omission of vowels. These abbre- Tiations are called WORD SIGNS. Common, come-company, glve-n, together, ago, are, for, half", ever, have, - ^--- ( ( < (--) X-^ -A however, think, thank-thousand, them, though, us, was, shall, issue, J /" ^-^ ^-^ " _ ^X_ _ (. - _ ^^. _J i. _ ^^ >s __ x usual-ly, will, am, important-ance, improve-d-ment , any, own, thing, language, away, your. PHRASEOGRAPHY 38. Writing two or more words together is called phraseography, which method of writing is usually confined to word signs. The first word is written in its proper position, the second begin- ning where the first ends, and so on. _ /_ ____ (L\ ____ rL^. _ _ rv-i-N __ rvp^ ___ k ___ Vn _ _ You will, you will do, you will be, you may, you must, do you, have you, we do, we think, we shall, we saJLl have, we take, it must, it must be. Exceptions: In a few phrases the first word must accommodate itself to. the position of the second, otherwise the phrase would be illegible. t H V ~ V> f~ In these, in this, in those, in each, in which, in much, I hope. 39. I, at the beginning of a phrase, may be abbreviated by writing the first half downward, or the second half upward, using that half which forms the better angle with the stroke. /1 ^'__1__^ _t_ I will, I will do, I will be, I am, I do, I have, I shall, I think. 40. The, may be represented in the middle or at the end of a phrase, by a tick written in the direction of v Chay or Ray. For the, take the, by the, in the, by the way, in the way, in the West. 20 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE -^--v 3 _U/1 _\. _ V j-.ii. ^. 9 . 10 11 , / /_ Pi^" ~ v VI i ~ ~ i ~ ~ ^\ ~ ~ c 14 ' NOV291905 21 Word signs /_ We will, we are. DEC 1 1 THE R HOOK 41. An additional sign for R is supplied by a wall .INITIAL hook op- posite the circle side of straight strokes, and on the Inside of curved strokes. NX 11 //,__ , outer utter etches acre eager either humor honor author usher r^* f '/** f^^ 1 tinker rancor anchor longer younger lumber franker finger linger T '* \> 1 ? x ^ trees grows breaks drips creeps shrieks shruB^c primes bribes powder! maker nailer banffeV collar proffer Jobber robber vigor labor < , ,, paupers bakers teachers wagers batteries^ wreckers mockers Christmas 43. S must precede the _r_ hook on straight letters by making the hook into a circle. On curved letters it is made inside of the hook. spray spruce spry suppress aeeker solder sjring^strike suffer simmer expressly destroy extreme westerly prosper stronger designer deciphers 44, Skr or sgr following ji, j>, or J>j and spr or sbr, following J^, are forced as follows: I r, %"^ _/ disgrace disagrees Jadper prescribe subscribe subscriber 22 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE j- -i r 4 -- 6 __k^-___T^ X, 11 "Word signs: 'T -, principle-al-ly, practice, member-remember, number, 14 _ _ _T _ . . 7_ _ _ ?_ _ JT . ^, doctor, dear, during J danger, large>, degree. from THE L HOOK 45. L may also be represented by a SMALL initial hook, on the circle side of straight strokes, and by a LARGE Initial hook on the inside of curved strokes. ^ \ p f f f / c c r r \ i pel bel tel del chel Jel kel gel rel fel vel thel thel sel zel /- >D CN CX shel zhel lei yel rel vel mel nel empel or embel ingel or inkel 46. The rules that govern the use of the stems with the_r hook at- tached apply to those with the 1 hook. idle able apple addle eagle Ethel, oval evil awful uncle easel ply play ..- .. ow blue clay claw glue glue flee fly flow flew flaw " --L \ 1-4- j i -I J * X acTcTe double chapel\ baffle/ reply bottle fickle vocal knuckle legal Illegal pane ,_ v ____'^}___\x_ _ -^__^>.^y nel eSirael \_J5ushel official pearl girl rural choral rouble trouble trifle prattlej blacker plumper plural clamor floral nailer %> _ _ j __ _ _ . _ _ e _ a __^_ _c<_ ^ix>_ C S | >v " Jv ' ' ~ ~~ place applause angles close staple st&ble replace pleased closed L\ . c _ D < \0 __>^__ ^%__^ 7 _ -V-'-- --^- struggle pickles rubbers blooms pupilss. clauses classes pleases .. 47. S may precede the 1 hook by making the circle within the hook. --V__-r___-t ____ ^_.h-.-_^..w: supply splice sable subtle settle satchel sickle civil ^sooner possible bicycle display displace disclose physical plausible C* v _!t__ _^__ T^___^- _K __V---t^- blissful classical explos-lve noticeable dissemble feasible exclusive 24 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE w O Paople-d, apply, belong-ed, at all - until, delivar-y, equal-ly, 14 __ c - C- difficult-y, follow, vatua . \W 18 THE K HOOK 48. A small FINAL hook opposite the circle side of straight, and on the inside of curved strokes, represents N. 5 ^__ j- _ i - ^ -' - -V*- -N^^- ^ -\ x Wo/I signs: 12 ..^__-^.._r*___Vo,^^ __-^___^__ genaral-ly, can, begin, phonography, opinion, our own, your own, -;- -- j --- v___^___6i i // \. /^' I -, \^? Xo l 7 8 ___ 9 . / .; T >,.A. Word signs: Objection, information, satisfaction, description, from, over, very, there-thelr, other, ur-ly, pleasure, Mr.-remark T able-bly, sore. describe, practiced, character, charncters-ize.chnrac tar izad, character! stic. 29 ADDED OR D. 56. By writing a stroke consonant HALF its usual length, _T_ or _D_ is added : (a) T. is added to light, and J> to heavy. SIMPLE strokes. (b) JP or D is added to COMPOUND characters, or to a simple stroke written with another stroke. The added sound is read after the stem and after all vowels and hooks, but before the final circle. The outlines are written above, cjj. and below the line. r ^ ' ^ ^ ^> ^ -------- *-__^ --------- <^_. ^ ------------- tight fight late a*rt might neat sent sapped spite pits feats f |V /. *-* -=7-. ^ \^ ty ~i7 deed died jade egged void vowed viewed couch couched chalked wend wind achieved tent dined brightly heartily betrayed talkative _5___s?__* --S--J--- _^ __* ___ ^__ _^_ pride plate bent band blend tends prints braids faints gifts 57. D is added to the simple strokes _m and ji by making them heavy. The simple strokes ray, emp and ing, are not halveti when standing alone. Compound characters are stems with hooks or the semicircle. cado mad aimed seemed end send signed sound need ends 50. The final syllable ted or ded Is expressed by a half-length T or D: disjoined if necessary. _m- -*-V _vi--^i- -Vj- ___ A ___ ^i__ h_IV>i__ coated evaded noted ended intended counted fainted dated offended 3UPPIXES 59. Ing is represented by a light dot, ings by a small circle, and ing the by the chetold tick written at the and of a word. ' < paying buying trying screening having thinking shining speaking _____ _._ _ ^__ . _ ____ ^_. .-__ doings meetings drawings engravings trying the taking the saving the 60. Illty. ality. and arlty are expressed by disjoining the conso- nant that comes immediately before the illty. etc., and writing it close to the preceding part of the word. f / .. . _ _ ._ . . _ - __. - - r - suitability stability responsibility formality prosperity popularity 30 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE 1 2 _ \ _ . _/____! _ s _ _ _ _\ __>;__ K 3 __ N ;. \T L Q 4" \ V/ord si fins : Farticular-ly , opportunity, part, remembered, at hand, did not, do not, 13 _______ /_ ______ t/ _ ( had^not, gentleman, gentleman, quite, could, good, that, without, M imnediate-ly, under, hand - owned, somewhat. 31 ADDED THER, TER, OR DER. 61 The syllable ther, ter, or der, is added by writing any curyjl stroke 'DOUBLE length. Downward-stems are written on, through, and thj-ej rters below thf l^e. Upward stems are written above,, on , and through the line The added syllable is read after the stem and after all vow- els and hooks, but before the final circle. t ^ ~ letter lighter fathej* order neither .y enter mother weatAer whither I* '~~~~\ X~ \ defender tempter smoother orderly fighters center voters"" lighters motors finders slender fomenter meters diameters another PREFIXES 2. Con, com, or cog is indicated by a light dot, written at the be- ginning of a word. In the middle of a word it is indicated by disjoin- ing the following part of the outline and writing it under, or close to, the part preceding eon, etc. contain consider confess compound combine community communication unconfined accomplish recognition reconsider recommend incomplete 63. Self, or circum is represented by a small circle as follows: selfish self-respect self-evident circumspect circumvent circumjacent 64. In, en, or un is represented by a small backward hook before the spr series; on curved letters it is expressed before the initial circle. inseparable inspiration instruction instrument unsalable enslaved 65. Magna. magne, or magni is indicated by a disjoined M. magnitude magnify magnificent magnetic magnanimous magnanimity 66. Contr or^lcounter ia^expressed as follows: .!_ .1 D /<$_; Controversy contradict contradiction counteract countersign 32 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE 2 r ^ * .-^-.xC^. ^V. . r ^" 5 J^--^_A_ /rL_O- A ---|^-^^: V "N. * 7 8 Word signs: Material, immaterial, commence, commenced, commences - United States, --/- cf. _\__.___\ ^_. circumstance, circumstances, inexperience, inexperienced, entire. 33 SPECIAL VOCALIZATION 67. The vowel sound used in connection with the ses circle is the short second place dot. Other vowel sounds may be indicated by writ- ing the sign within the circle. M 9 -^-f -if 9 ^\ -1 ____ ' ____ J _ _ -^^- - _ VOL Insist exhaust exist exercise emphasis emphasize exercises -- I ^. --- -- _ -- ---- ^ suspftcious suspect suspend incisive Caesar Cicero 68. Occasionally vowels may be expressed between the stem and the _1_ or x hooks, as follows: (a) Hake a small circle before the stroke for the long dot vowels, and after the stroke for the short dot vowels. (b) First-place dash vowels and diphthongs are written before or over the hook; second- and third-place dash vowels or diphthongs are written through the stem in their respective places. Skill tell scale call cool collect correct real rail rule JL \ V near nor mere more agriculture short farthei^ further o 69. The final syllable ly, may be disjoined when it does not form an angle with the preceding part of the word. _ V- - Jr^-J^^f.. f- Plainly blindly kindly manl!y Justly heavenly 70. The circle iss may be added to words or word signs to form the plural number or possessive case. Lay, may also be added to words. or word signs for the final syllable ly. 71. Word signs, joined or disjoined, may be used as parts of words. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE /_ _ J\_ _ _ -v 1 - > 7 _ , *=L- . s_ _ v- .-+- H J' WORD SIGNS 1 . _ *..__! -V-N-N- Ir * ~ \~ -3 " n ( ^ c 10 _ __ _<_ __ .-.. _ c_ rr.A 12 _c 13 _N - -^ 36 W R D - S I ON R D S Portions of the following words are composed of one or more word signs. Advancement ^) onward -I- ^-rv afterward owing v x. ^ altogether . anybody / N subjected _ _ _^. to-day ^S -^ ^_s anyhow / to-morrow . anything ^^-^r^/_ _ _ \^ undersell 1 v awe undersign _ >i become _ <^-_ /_ _ *^A-,^ undersigned 1 disadvantage / 1 underwriter Jb _ _ ^~y enlarge -d _<*/_ L whatsoever V V foreclose ^ f ^\ whensoever 2 D _ C__Q _ foreclosure X ~>/ ) whereas i v forever Jt s\ -wheresoever i_ _ _ V-T) forward ">^L^-^ _ ~yL. s_ whereupon ^\ j^ hereafter /\ / wherever V _ v_ hereinafter _ > / _^- _ / whichsoever misunderstand whosoever .-^^o^f x^riy.jj misunderstood _/______ withdraw v nobody ^- c J withheld ^~% _ _N^y_ objectionable _/ _ _ withstand f ^ C . g Yourself, myself, himse yourselves. 448647 OUTLINES In order to write with the rapidity of speech, words can ba represented only by their consonant outlines, although occasionally it may be necessary to insert vowels. As a majority of the consonant let- ters are formed in two or more ways, many words may be written with several different outlines. The principal guide to the selection of outlines is that of convenience and ease in writing. How to make this selection, aside from the word signs and the words in the following lists, must be left to the stenographer. To qualify him for this selection it is absolute- ly necessary that he should possess a thorough knowledge of the princi- ples as given in the previous lessons. If he does not possess this knowledge he should review the work before proceeding further. Each principle must be thoroughly learned and applied before facility will be acquired for writing from miscellaneous matter. WORDS DISTINOUISHED BY DIFFERENCE IH OUTLINE -Account, count -^^~7i-J^=^/ fiscal, physical agent, gentleman _ _\ XL__order, rather accordance, credence _\ _ \/_\j .perhaps-propose ; purpose annual, only -\ \- /-P or pure appropriate, propriety _\ J _"\ -product, protect -appropriation, prep- -/~^^\ ^^rtnewed, ruined aration / '/| */~~' /> . auditor, daughter /- J _ "Viretain, written, return .better, battery _copy, occupy .editor, debtor . favored, favorite . -^L. _ -N->.- separate, support _ I J _ _ situation, station _ L/\ _ J .terrible, trouble 1 I /> > _ J _ K. _ _train, turn 38 CONTRACTED WORDS Tha outlines of the following words, because of their awkward forms when written in full, are contracted by writing only their prom- inent consonants. These are called "Contractions." The outlines are generally suggestive of the words they represent, but they should bs thoroughly memorized so that they may be written without hesitation. Acknowledge } f r astonlsh-ed-ment %capable-y challenge-d change /_ _ chapter December determination .determine-d develop-ed I I development . rl I ^^discriminate V^r-j establish-ed-ment extraordinary familiar familiarly ,- \ ^ February f__V^_ I identical-ly independent independently /C. - - _ indiscriminate indiscriminately >* '-V'Ol ^s, indispensable _\ _ _VCindispensably individual > _/_ \, representative respect-ed stenographer . _^~^-f^^ f - how many - **^- - s.f'^ anything else v ^ > has been o anything more I am \ as far as I am afraid .P (> as fast as n\ I am certain o as great as \S > ~*s V I am glad _ a- 8 a_0 as good as V^___ I am very glad (yours **^ as long as \s ^ v- -A I am verjr truly S* as much as ^^n J I an sure' o as soon as _^_^P_ _Q_^si as soon as possible V \ \s^ I am surprised I am sorry x-i> X^K > as well as _b b_l? as well as possible ^~\0/\~, I am very sorry S I have no doubt o^yxov as early as possible _ Y_ ^_ _ /o as the -V-t- I think so I thank you P x" ^_^f = as follows -N/ as near as you can -<--,<:- I shall be I shall be glad as has been _O 1 at the --?- I shall not be if he is at that v \^ A if the matter _| J_ x^rnat owner's risk _ 2^I~I> rr>_ if you can Nk at sender's risk -1- 9~ ^^by the way ^ n ^^ -} if you cannot if you can have car load VI if it is possible r ~V _ carte blanche ^ | if it is to be 1 I ~* dear sir - _ dear friend _ did you receive ^ T in this city in your city "[---r- l^^-p did you mention ^^-first place y 7^ N, in your place in your letter i first-class ^ -t-~ " -t-~. in the way j^r-f. V _ for it is A ^^ in the west 40 SIMPLE PHRASES Continued the outlines given until they can t ^ i___^ - f in the country _ It >xTin this country - -i v ^__-*-- in the manner N ~=- x _ f_^in the meantime ^_^__^ v ^ in the matter in that matter f -*~p in this natter _ (cm~>. /__ in such *~-P /o in such cases _ / n is the e written without error. r there has been _c _ _ V^x ^-to some extent j to be able to _V yf- - trul y yours o f~ f -~ very little JW"_ _ V/ very likely VO very truly _V^j _ very truly yours ^ who is 4 with his | 1 / it has beon .d^_ _ u~S>_ _ it is necessary 1 it is only _< '_ ck?yr-x_it seorns to me 1 N, o it would be _i of course y ,/ of this date ~Y on the ^ rv^a_ you must 41 CONTRACTED PHRASES Additional methods of phrasing vill be found in the following list. The principles employed can be applied to other phrases, but the list embraces all that will be of special value. at hand _ is at hand /> Y greater than iS L) in consideration J if let us hear ./T\_(^ let us know ^~J in order, -to - , let us proceed iC\p_V --have their-there \' \ was there-their - 1 1 was there anything 5 f v \ , t in receipt of yours f _ J_I am in receipt of yours v "^_-f/"~ I am in receipt of your V letter S~ ? f P v. S *"in their (/ ^lf there is anything V _ _ Vo_in reference to, -the A. 1 J receive their _ _N^- _ when there is ^-know their own /r f yesterday morning L\^ ^this morning /\. receive their own - _ Vo_ J _ at one ' j> I Monday morning _ \- i_ f> Tuesday morning r some one <5^T^ _ _V>_ every one ^ t f> Wednesday morning _ 1' a V> Thursday morning other than -C more than V P A Friday morning _ ] ^_ Ul V ^Saturday morning sooner than - W. faster than l-^t Sunday morning _ H~~i _ \/ e '- at last /& j/ less than ( S rather than yf at least _ _ _ _ I _ at first | later than at any rate _ _ \ _ further than s<^_^ _J _ |_^_ at the same price ( /> longer than at the time N/- better than 1 1^ at the saoe time 42 CONTRACTED PHRASES - Continued at that time -J I - Q t an y time ' at one time J__ at some time according to, -the _ again and again bill of sale bill of exchange ill of lading 11s receivable bills payable by express collect on delivery _ certain extent east and west _ e fraternally yours i> -respectfully yours o^fP^L - ffi sincerely yours - - - - -No in U ast and wast f- f steemed favor _fc _ fc _ rrors and omissions/" 7 the first place in the second place in the next place the circumstances g to acknowledge yours truly _ _ yours faithfully this week next week _ for the first time v> _ for a long time ~^for some time A"_ v v free on board . C on th< -S.. /V ~ free on board cars _ C _ _^-^LP _ Savinj -*- VN free on board here - great extent last week _ on the one hand .e other hand ,gs Association I beg to acknowledge I beg to thank you _ I beg to say _ I beg to advise /^_ Medical Society _ t/^*- Railway Company /-ij_ Smith . I- 7- Legal & Co. Department I beg to state <\ _ in answer to yours C [favor ^ . in answer to your . _^> PL Pb \N ,\ f I I I b V\ ni 'vv X V \ 1 I y -TER -DER vsl ji.'i LI ft a eo, l\ J J r r /v rr a rr r c J r GC cc fe r r ^ V // 44 ALPHABETICAL LIST of word signs and the words included in the special lists preceding. A \belong-ed c^_j> accordance / better _ _ _ _ _ _ account **/-. l-but ""' acknowledge beyond y addition n c call _ /_ _ 1 l _ advance -d \j t advancement ______ - 3 can capable -y /advantage 1 _ advertise H b advertised f> careful-ly _ _ > c => _ y_challenge-d / change advertises 1_ _ 1 _ _^-<> .afterward \O agent /chapter _ /_ c character \^ characteristic / ago n > ^ cz characterized _O _ _ ah ~c^. o - characters-ize all circumstance \ | v already altogether Jp circumstances Q _come am commence an commenced - x __.___ and v 9_ ^-^y -^_P_ commences annual -ly common v s ^V anv company ^-f _ _ _ _ _ anybody "\ _ compassion ' / anyhow ^_ ^-^^ \ anything \^ compliance \ copy appear " D_consequent apply constituent <\ t\ appropriate could .X. _ _xv _ _Nv _ appropriation /_ _ _ _ _ count \3 approve c . ~P credence / -x are ^v ' or ' o as 7 1 danger <* / ^ daughter >> assure dear ") . astonish-ed-ment 9 P at all f||| debtor _| ) - a~~^ -December at first degree at hand ^^ p a deliver-y _l P at length I describe-d J J at once description 1 C auditor _| T*^ _ _ _Ji -authority d I aware 3 1 I develop-ed O rl- development ^- ^-^>determination 1 away -/ > - - - awe balance ||| detennine-d _ \\ In J _-did not 1, J differ-ent-ence \battery be ^ ^1 been Li difficult-y _ _c Vi_ disadvantage /^ discriminate o 'v because _ _ _ _\^ become 1 1 do k ^> _ 1 _ . J do not before I. doctor -, began dollar 1 begin _ 1_ during "^ begun 1 editor v behind "9 X_ belief-believe enlarge-d entire s- indiscriminately ^ ,X c ^ g equal-ly ^ _ _ equalization a ' v o? ^J^ indispensable _ _ 6 ^/'Indispensably establish-ed-ment individual ^ rv ever ,, ^V > ^V /~ N V /^" individually ) V. every ' individuality \ extraordinary inexperience r~. 3 v i ey9 o> ' * f fltn j 1 1 fl r ci ^ 9 inexperienced familiarly influenced \ f \ i favored ^ _^ ^ Q -, * influences -s/_ _V_ V _ favorite ,-/_ _ inf luential-ly v V_. February f information V-l first v _ <9 _ _ /"" fiscal _^> ~~f *~ intelligence c_ -nV..-^^ forward _ J V. from I ( ;_issue ' it l^_ t / general-ly if or generals-ize 1 1 its (. t itself generalized January y j gentleman _ (/ gentlemen _ / knew v s _ v 4, _ ^_s_ language give-n large ___ good larger _ _ i govern-ed-ment _ had < /_ _ ^_ _ / _ largest * V magazine had not .. X has inisrepresent-ed . / have y\ s a s -^mistake _o_ _ X _ _' _ he TV. \ _ mistaken \hereafter misunderstand "-^ hereinafter misunderstoor 1 _ V _ _ d herself /- rvj>_^* f^ mortgage him * more / / o himself >> ' however never \l hundred > i i^ nevertheless A- _ ^ I ^_ ^C. _^ -c- new V. identical-ly next 1_ / -^^"imagine -ary -at 1 on . _ /_ _ _ _ immaterial ^ _ _\Ov objectionable ^objective r^ -_p ^independently / ^V^_ _ _ indiscriminate _ ^ ^^\ \ occupy V^__ of oh remark-abla-bly / on v f oneself ^ s rv remember 1 only ranembran-a ^ x y onward ^^ s\^ renewed v opinion opportunity ~' | representaticr. 1 \ or ^x > order s\ s\ Ji representative other retain j ought .f- - -"N-Our own /| /> leturn /-. u _ ~\/L _ .-o^'ruir.ed J ourselves * satisfaction V^_ out of satisfactory -TN I _ over I owe P_ _ P/ _ ^satisfactorily d 1 satisfy-fiod owing 9 P separata _ _ _ own P x/ x*. ssveral J "* owned shall passenger / P should -., \ Part ^s_ _ / I situation Ta *\ party ^/ somewhat \ / x particular-ly e ~^ \ S. spirit x. X peculiar _^V _ SUbJ 6Ct peculiarly subjected x /- <\ ex people-d -N 1 _ _\ _ J\ perhaps Nsphonographe r c p i P ,X^suff icient -NI_V_y_V_XL sufficiently suggest > / 1 i phonographic .>-S _Xo _ .Xo phonography f> Q n support _/_ _ . N_ ' sure-ly physical \o n pleasure ~J - \_poor . surprise X^, P station u s^x r- stenographic ^>x popular stenographer \x popularly P stenography . \xr J\ -practice practical ^^ .<*^ 1 _ tell territory practiced v c \_ c \__ practicable ^ ^> ^practically Ul -c terrible KT\ _ ("-thank v that tv practicability ( f the ^v 7 *- < \ _ \. ^preparation v_ their *V^ principle-al-ly there N<\ cv _ fx_ protect ( till \o \ prove C * time x xl public-ish-ed to ^\ _ _^V _ _iv _ publication \ to a 1 to be \ /\ purpose \/__\/_\j _ _ quite ^^ /rather to-day _X _ x _ ^ together ^ to-morrow s^ ;^~ /"^ regular ., too /L /^ _ /_ regularly x^-=^X_ _ \ _ _ to the 47 toward i) trouble .1 J J_ train ^^ turn i s> two V- X _ ._ >^_ under undersell undersign ^f ^mf^s i~R*s undersigned I / underwriter / unless ^/- - ^^?- x_P_United States until i us _ r_ ^ *S usual - value C \ very ^\_ X^ J_ was we are were whereupon ___/ triic>i OIA^I /\ /^ C whereve y/. \_V->- -- e will :_-i-V r what whatever whatsoever wben f which _ whichever whichsoever who _ whoever whosoever whom will Iwish with withdraw withheld within \ -without withstand i woman . _ women would u written _ year yet you your your own r _ r_ _ r_ yourself yourselves 48 WRITING EXERCISES The rules under each lesson should be memorized and the engraved characters read many times. The heavy strokes are shaded only enough to dis- tinguish them from the light strokes. They can be made sufficiently distinct at a single stroke by a slight pressure on the pen or pencil, thus avoiding the necessity of retracing the line. CONSONANTS Write a line of each consonant in your note-book, first writing the name of the consonant in longhand. When each consonant has been written once show your note- book to the instructor, who will examine and date it. Then fill out the line and have it examined and dated again. P, B, T, D, Chay, J, K, Gay, Ray, Hay, F, V, Ith, The, L, S, Z, Ish, Zhee, Lay, Yay, R, Way, M, Emp-Emb, N, Ing-Ink, T, V, M, Ray, Yay, Ish, P, J, R, Emp, B, K, The, N, Zhee, Lay, Z, Ith, D, Way, S, Gay, Ing, Chay, V, Ink, Emb, Hay, Z, B, Ing, The, Hay, R, Ith, D, Way, N, Emp, T, Ish, M, S, J, V, Emb, Ray, F, P, K, Chay, Zhee, Gay, Lay, Yay, Ink. SEP 11 1905 " First outline written Outlines completed CONSONANTS COMBINED When consonants are joined, the first up or down stroke should rest upon the line. Combinations of hori- zontal consonants should rest upon the line. When two descending strokes are joined, the first rests upon the line 49 and the second descends below it. Each outline must be carefully and accurately formed. All strokes must be of the same length. R-R, Lay-Lay, N-D, K-B, N-B, K-J, N-Chay, P-Gay, Gay-P, Gay-T M-M, K-M, N-K, P-K, M-K, M-J, N-M, N-N, Lay-N, L-Ink, Etnp-Ray, R-Emb, M-Ing, Lay-R, V-M, F-N, N-V, Chay-N, Gay-M, K-T, Chay-Gay, Gay- Chay, Ish-K^ K-Ish, K-P, Hay-N, B-Ing, R-M, V-K-T, M-Gay-J, M-N-D, P-Ray-T, N-M-Lay, T-M-Ith, N-T-Ray, B-K-M, Ray-D-M, Ish-P-Lay, Emb-Lay-Ish, M-Ray-D, P-B- Lay-K, Lay-T-M-Lay, V-K-T-Ray. S.LP 13 1905 tiling written First outline written Outlines completed LONG VOWELS Write all the consonants of a word before inserting the vowel or vowels. Each syllable of a word has but one vowel sound. In stenography, only the sounds of a word are expressed. When L, is the only consonant stroke in the word, use Lay. After the words have been written once, and the instructor has made the necessary corrections, carefully note them, and then fill out the line, following the same course as with the consonants. WORDS : Ate, aid, aim, ace, bee, fee, tb.ee, they, day, Coe, beau, eel, eke, ache, oak, eight, key, foe, Fay, gnaw, go, hoe, no, toe, jay, Joe, shoe, know, gay, Lou, law, ode, Lee, low, may, doe, way, neigh, awed, owed, ooze, oat, ease, paw, Poe, weigh, mow, saw, Shaw, show, woe, pay, so, say, nay, hay, woo, thaw, Abe, ale. WORD SIGNS: The, a, ah, all, too-two, already, before, owe-oh, ought, who, whom. First outline a/-.^D J^"-? Outlines completed!^ji-\-l- 50 After the sentences have been written once and corrected by the instructor, each one should be written at least ten times. Two light ticks in the direction of Chay should be placed under a proper noun. SENTENCES: i. They may all go. 2. They already know the way. 3. They may see the Jew. 4. Each saw the show. 5. Who saw the bee ? 6. All who ate may go. 7. Poe may weigh the hay. 8. Who saw the ode ? 9. All who owe may pay. 10. Lee may aid Abe. n. See the foe, 12. The toe may ache. 13. Fay may pay the fee. 14. Who saw me ? 15. They who go may see all. 16. The beau may already be gay. 17. Ah, they may know all. 18. Who may own the hay ? 19. They all say Coe may already know the law. 20. Before they go they may see the ape eat all the dough. Sentences wrinkfronce Sentences completeW~^:~~~- ~ A new lesson must not be taken up until the principles and practice- matter of the previous one have been thoroughly mastered. Especial attention should be given to the word signs, which are of the utmost importance. SHORT VOWELS Remember that each sign represents invariably the same sound, and that it is always written in the same direction, except the letter // also that the first ascending or descending stroke in the outline is written in the position of the vowel in the accented syllable. Doubt may sometimes arise regarding the use of the short second-place vowels ; also regarding the use of the first and second-place heavy dash-signs. The distinct sounds in words of this class may be ascertained by refer- ence to a standard dictionary. In writing shorthand, however, the exact distinction is hardly necessary. Double consonants, as in Anna, dummy, muddy, etc., are expressed with but one stroke. 51 WORDS : Atom, adage, Anna, bush, botch, batch, ship, path, cop, choppy, check, dip, Dutch, dummy, ago, pad, Emma, fang, nook, gang, Gibb, gush, haughty, Havana, echo, jug, kink, knock, love, map, muddy, muff, many, manage, fathom, notary, income, engage, baggage, enigma, emanate, dignity, unpack, unmake, famish, avenge, becalm, entomb, fatigue, jockey, Panama, become, name, cheap, cash, money, baggage, pack, boat, dock, book, back, big, pick, thick, deck, beg, catch, tag, Canada. WORD SIGNS : An-and, of, to, to the, or, but, to a, on, should , how. SEP 2 7 1905 i9 1905 First outline written . Outlines completttiF.^\....\.-jU...l-' J SENTENCES : i. To whom should they go ? 2. Take the cup to Minnie. 3. Who took the book back to the nook ? 4. The boat may be at the beach before they know of it. 5. How may the money be paid to the Havana bank ? 6. Fatigue may make me leave before Anna or Adam. 7. Many a month may go before they see it. 8. Take a big dish for the honey cake. 9. Make a cup of cocoa before they go back. 10. Hitch the gay nag to the buggy in the meadow, n. Show Jennie how to pitch the penny to Tom. 12. But how should they see it if they go away ? 13. Bob and Mamie may take the boat on the calm bay. 14. They ought to.see the two sheep eat the hay. 15. All should go to Canada to catch fish. 16. They should manage to engage the boat. 17. Who ought to pay the money ? Sentences written once Sentences complefi&.^i 1-^- DIPHTHONGS WORDS: Dye, by, due, eyed, joy, lie, nigh, row, few, gouge, hide, ivy, fife, mouth, pouch, tube, fume, tiny, chime tithe, toil, toiler, boyish, dower, Jewish, joyous, loyal, vial, theory, along, avail, borrow, abide, file, vile, revile, veil, failing, feeling, fur, hurry, jury, lame, lucky, lack, long, loop, booth, link, lung, mellow, Murray, namely, outlay, outlaw, par, 52 ripe, rate, rink, review, renew, Raleigh, waylay, wring, wreath, tyro, early, pipe, couch, write, Rome, romp, mail, rail, empire, rare. WORD SIGNS: I-eye, you, hope-happy-party, object-be, to be, time, it, dollar, do, had, which, much, advantage, large. Uuihnefcomleted Firt fatline V-- ................... Uuinefcomp SENTENCES : i Do you know how to make money and how to keep it? 2. You may enjoy life if j - ou know how to take advantage of it. 3. You should pay the bill which the party had to take. 4. Take the lower layer of the cake in the big dish. 5. Pack my bag full of food and take it to Tacoma. 6. Take the noisy boy to the shore to bathe in the sea. 7. Check the item on the bill before you go to the bank. 8. Ask the tailor to carry it to the polo game. 9. You may write out my idea now. 10. To be happy and live long you should do right, n. I hope a" dollar a day may be of advantage to all. 12. Of how much advantage may it be to each party ? 13. They who borrow money should pay it back. 14. I may be in time to be of advantage to all. 15. I had to borrow a dollar to pay my bill. 16. Our object may be ,o see you pack the bag ' 161905 Sentences written ci\ff(j-\--\- > l i -\^\Sentences completed ......... - ....... REVIEW WRITING EXERCISE. WORDS: Aim, ahoy, ado, abbey, avow, Ann, Annie, anew, allay, ally, alley, alloy, adieu, aching, apathy, aiming, abode, alkali, bow, bag, bank, balky, babe, baby, . bfith, Booth, bang, balmy, boil, bug, buggy, beach, being, billow, balm, bedaub, botany, both, bathe, boat, coop, calm, choke, cheek, chub, chubby, chaip chum, cabbage, Choctaw, chiming, calk, chalk, coke, coach, cage, comb, came, chalky, Dey, dog, deep, dupe, damage, deify, downy, deem, dame, eighty, el, Eli, etching, edging, epic, enigma, evoke, embalm, feud, fell, fall, far, folk, Fitchie, fagot, famish, foaming, fatigue, faith, fang, gawk, gig, gewgaw, game, gothic, Geneva, gape, infamy, jaggy, jog, jibe, Job, Jacob, Jamaica, knack, knew, lieu, levity, lady, manage, meadow, melody, monk, magic, mug, make, maim, monotony, 53 Mocha, myth, mouth, monk, monkey, mimic, mutiny, moth, Madonna, nag, new, nail, nabob, nib, nub, nymph, naming, Noah, Nero, Opie, off, oaf, owl, pew, pang, poke, patch, poach, papa, pop, pup, puppy, peep, peck, package, pagoda, Pope, palmy, thatch, tank, tooth, teeth, tame, teem, tar, thick, topic, tobacco, tomato, take, unfair, unmake, vail, veil, vivify, variety, vogue, viola. First outline written. ....Outlines completed SENTENCES : i. You ought to see how much you ow^ before you go away. 2. You or I should see of how much advantage it maybe. 3. It may be in time to be of advantage to all. 4. Who ought to go to the bank ? 5. I am happy to say they may see it. 6. To whom should it be paid ? 7. Do you know the advantage which may be in it ? 8. How should I go to the rowing match in Canada? 9 My object may be to buy the large etching. 10. Which party ought to know of it ? Sentences written once Sentences completed _ CIRCLE S OR Z WORDS : Sick, seat, suit, side, siege, scythe, safe, seen, sin, soon, same, seem, sway, case, keys, teas, days, does, dues, joys, ages, edges, ashes, these, office, face, voice, nice, ounce, knows, alms, house, yes, sets> seeks, space, seeking, speech, savage, Sunday, Smith, smoke, seeming, sinking, Thomas, annex, notice, anxious, annoyance, exceed, cousin, task, Tues- day, upset, passage, fasten, inside, insane, says, seize, spicy, access, vic3S, accuses, mazes, success. WORD SIGNS : Is-his, as-has, subject, satisfy-fied, satis- factory, satisfactorily, several, ; dvertise, advertises, because, this, thus-those, impossible-ility, improves, influence, influences, ^fa First outline ze/4)il--A.O. ..!.".. ^Outlines completed..- v ~\*~ ^ SENTENCES: i. James may arise early to sedrne sunrise 2. You may sell a dozen signs of this design. 3. You should advertise the notice in the daily Sun. 4. Miss Smith should make 54 less noise at the show. 5. You may receive the offensive notice on Sunday. 6. Lucy asks if she may use my music box. 7. The assets of the bank are in excess of its losses. 8. I desire to know his reason to sell his houses. 9. If it is satisfactory you may advertise it now. 10. It is impossible to know its influence on the masses, n. Miss Shaw possesses a nice voice to sing - : songs. 12. Ifthe^iltwv thaws, the seeds may be sown. GOT 18)905 Y Sentences written once Sentences compte$y\ LOOPS ST OR SIR If the sound of st or sir precedes a final vowel sound, the loops cannot be used. WORDS : Staid, august, paste, nest, hoist, guessed, Yost, soonest, safest, just, justice, stark, stork, solaced, fairest, forest, deepest, debased, fastest, funniest, stimulus, mustiest, repast, biggest, deduced, sticky, stubby, steamy, stuffy, stacks, stages/- stakes, stalls, steals, stumps, stitches, stubs, stings, stores, stars, stairs, stole, styles, Hester, boaster, register, hoists, jests, feasts, < lists, mists, baste, bastes, baster, boasters, jesters, coasters, posters, toasters, teamsters. WORD SIGNS : Advertised, first, at first, largest, influenced, next, stenography. < Sentences written 0ft/*-IT J-U 1-(lA'fi/ 1 ?,>/a'.j completed -Q^QiY SENTENCES: I. You should make haste slowly these chilly days. 2. Thomas lost the list of our stock of stoves. 3. The starch is sticky and may make the stuff too stiff. 4. Mary refused to receive the revised list of sales. 5. I am rejoiced to know of his arrest yesterday. 6. The minister may invest his money in stocks. 7. You may take the highway which goes to Worcester. 8. They may sell the rusty stove at the store. 9. The robust teamster may molest the gamesters at Rochester. 10. They should at first testify as to his unjust arrest, n. You should at least be happy to possess it. 12. The nest to the largest has influenced us. once Sentences completed. SEMICIRCLES W AND Y The zss circle, the ist loop, and the semicircles must be made very small. WORDS : Widows, widower, wag, wink, war, windy, Edwin, wine, won, warehouse, work, wall, well, window, Wednesday, worst, Wheeling, wisp, stairway, Swiss, yes, yoke, yawn, youngest, twitch, dweller, quill, quit, quietly, qualm, queer, Quebec, unquiet, acquire, swing, Swede, squeak, squire, square, hem, hark, harem, hail, hill, help, hallow, holy, hale, haziness, whack, whiz, whistle, whisky, whip, whims, whiff, whittle, wheel, whine, feeling, failing. In the middle of words, that form for / or r is used which makes the better angle with the preceding or following stroke. L, following the w-semicircle, must be written downward. WORD SIGNS : He-him, we-with, were, what, -would, year, yet, beyond, you, that, when, aware. First outline ^WfW {) ...... ^y\Sf)utlines completM-Q^l-J'. SENTENCES : I . The worst of the storm has now passed away. 2. Weave the wide web and you may receive wages. 3. Unyoke the oxen and they may go to the hedge 4. They may sell Tweed's duelling house to Dwight. 5. Take the tweezers and twist the casters off the bureau. 6. Why do you wish to whistle here at this time ? 7. The wheat may make white and wholesome hoe cakes. 8. We were all aware that you were in Wyoming. 9. The hammock is swung on the banks of the Wabash. 10. Why do you go to the game of whist with the whistler? n. We were with you on last Wednesday at Owego. 12. You should be aware of it by th s time. 13. You should now write these items in the right way. Sentences written oncMC^^ ------ Sentences completed- ................... The following writing exercises should not be taken up until the preceding ones have been thoroughly re- viewed. 56. PHRASEOQRAPHY Do not combine words which join awkwardly. Join only words which are closely connected either naturally or grammatically. Do not try to form very long or com- plicated phrases. Common words, such as in, if, at, our, me, may, they, way, know, no, go, take, make, buy, these, etc., may be written without vowels. PHRASES : You will have, you are, you may, you must be, you must have ; we think, we think you will, we shall have, we shall be ; it is, it must, it must be, it must have, in that, that which, that which may, in his, if you will, if you will be; in these, in each, in this, in which, in those, in much, in each case, in which case ; of it, to it, on it, should it, to have ; I will be, I will have, I will do, I am sorry ; I shall have, I shall be, I think you will be, I fear you will, I hope you will, I hope you may ; have the, for the, in the, take the, by the way, in the way, in the. west ; we will be, we will have, we will do, we are in, we are sorry; you will, I will, we will, he will,@qe}wijl. J Sentences written < *<#- p -- -w\tffcfltences completed SENTENCES : i. It is of common advantage to give it together. 2. The company will come for half an hour. 3. Have they given it to us, or are you going to do so? 4. Have you ever seen them do so ? 5. I will thank them a thousand times for it. 6. I think, however, it will be to our advantage. 7. We shall issue our usual important book this year. 8. Your language will make us go away soon. 9. Is the thing of any importance to our own case? 10. I think you would be sorry if we should go with them. ii. You must in each case do as we desire. 12. I hope you will have no wish to do so. 13. If you will take the road to the west you will be all right. 14. In this case I shall be happy to have you sing the song. 15. We will have the improvement ready by the I5th of May. HFP 1 1 1^^ JA A Sentences writtwi onte~*~ Sentences complett \ a*) First outline wriUenJ. Outlines completed -V4H -X- SENTENCES: i. The preacher was eager to preach at Troy on Thursday. 2. The robber caused much labor and bother for us. 3. The shipper will protest that the wharfage was extra. 4, They must try to escape from the State prison. 5. Doctor Baker and his brother have the principal practice there. 6. It appears that they must pay the next quarter's dues. 7. The industrious baker is extremely generous. 8. The members agree to all that we require. 9. The doctor was away during the danger of the fever. 10. They may ship the paper and crackers by the next express, n. The subscribers disagree with the editor of the 58 paper. 12. The lumber fell on the younger brother's finger and broke it. 13. The baker and the banker must purchase a banner lK 1906 JAN 18 1906 Sentences written once ...................... Sentences completed . THE L HOOK The r hook must always be made very small, so that it may not conflict with the / hook on curved letters. WORDS : Clause, glass, pliable, blemish, clump, climax, clothe, clumsy, Clara, clog, closed, glares, gleam, glum, glimpse, flake, flimsy, Florida, fling, fluency, flabby, flogs, papal, pebble, entitle, beetle, cackle, chattel, fickle, giggle, plumper, blank, circle, declaim, diploma, employ, emblem, enclose, festival, syllable, radical, tenable, technical, poetical, parable, novelty, admirable, variable, vital, splices, penal, diagonal, amicable, bashful, chemical, declivity, temporal, spinal, joyful, reliance, pliable, shingle, survival, wrinkle, implore, desirable, ramble, explicable, invaluable, paternal, warble, criminal, problem, chronicle, struggle, scruple, perplex. WORD SIGNS : People-d, apply, belong-ed, at all-until, deliver-y, equal -ly difncult-y, follow, value. tlflfi lAKO 1 First outline writley^-b^ j\^-o- --^--i ut&utlines compleFewQ- .......... SENTENCES: i. To whom does the black cloak belong? 2. I will enclose an envelope. 3 Flora was the only girl in the class who pleased the teacher. 4. We are now able to display our flag in all climes. 5. You may receive the reply by cable to- morrow. 6 The clock was placed in the chapel to tell the time 7. The classical pupil must apply at the uni ersity. 8. The faculty was in the assembly hall on Friday. 9. The title to the tunnel was official, but it was of no value 10. You must settle for the supply of satchels when they are placed on sale. n. The clause in the classics pleases the pupils of all classes. Sentences written o\A^..^.^..\^fyitences completed - * J A N tj J 59 THE N HOOK The hook forms caunot be used before a final vowel. In the middle of outlines the circle must be made on the inside of the hooks on straight strokes. WORDS : Pin, chin, grown, spin, stain, sudden, seven, widen, downs, chance, instance, assistance, expanse, bounce, bounced, bounces, bouncer, dispenses, responses, dampen, barren, famine, deepen, enjoin, refine, bench, vacancy, penny, Vienna, rainy, fans, earns, offense, offenses, whitens, sponsor, bunch, finances, leaner, occupancyfspunish, mince, nuns, canes, dense, duns, tons, abstain, arraign, assign, assignee, aspen, button, campaign, cheapen, detain, discern, engine, examine, foreign, hidden, humane, illumine, Japan, lemon, oranges, linen, machine, stiffen, stolen, summon, sullen, thine, turn, wagon, weapon, whetBtone, woven, bonny, Illinois, hempen, Spanish, zones, gunnery, soften, enhance. Puff, beef, reef, rebuff, tariff, sheriff, pave, repave, bereave, coffee, purify, verify, Java, defeat, refer, recovery, devote, river, puffs, achieves, heaves. WORD SIGNS : General-ly, can, begin, phonography, opinion, our own, your own, at length, at once, generals-ize, generalized, remembrance, differ-ent-ence, advance-d, careful-ly, hope to have, whatever, out of, whichevei? whoever. . First outline writteri&fy .............. Outlines SENTENCES : I. Will you join in the fun down town at seven o'clock? 2. John Shane will assign his stock to his assignee. 3. Refine the iron, and finish it within twenty days. 4. I incline to make many bayonets for use in Oregon. 5. The chances for making your expenses in Kansas are slim. 6. The finances of the bank in this financial strain have increased. 7. The expenses of the princes at the dances were out of all reason. 8. They announce that he evinces many signs against the loans. 9. It is your opinion that they will begin work at once. 10. I observe that he refers to the discovery of the reef. 1 1 . The sensitive man has no incentive to refuse the trophy. 12. You may refuse to revise his defense at GO the trial. 13. As a general thing you can begin the study of phonography in your own town. 14. Our own opinion is that whatever is done you will hear at once. 15. The general's re- membrance of it will at length be right. 16. Whoever goes should be careful to come out of it in time. 17. Whatever differ- ence there is, and whichever way you go, it will be our gain. Sentences w THE SHUN HOOK WORDS : Omission, ovation, sedition, collision, partition, vocation, mention, dictation, selection, legation, pollution, loco- motion, ascension, aspiration, digression, abolition, violation, division, passionate, stationary, missionary, reception, inception, obligation, benediction, discretion, attrition, creation, suction, affliction, prostration, production, abbreviation, dissipation, pre- sumption, superstition, exclusion, designation, emigration, ex- pedition, exclamation, expiration, exultation, subscription, ex- ploration, execution, passions, auctions, mentions, affections, sessions, fashions, deceptions, locations, resolutions. Civilization, deposition, exposition, succession, taxation, dis- pensation, secession, vexation, musicians, decisions, positions, possessions. WORD SIGNS : Objection, information, satisfaction, descrip- tion, from, over, very, there-their, other, sure-ly, pleasure, Mr- remark-able-bly, more, describe-d, practiced, character, characters, characterized, characteristic. First outline written Outlines completed SENTENCES: i. It is the intention to give an option on sales at the auction. 2. I have a notion that education is a delusion. 3. The national ambition is to have attention given to the opera- tion. 4. He sanctions their actions for the nation's progress. 5. There is opposition to the possession of our new acquisitions. 6. The decision of the musicians for a cessation of the play gives satisfaction. 7. What objection is there to the information if it gives satisfaction ? 8. The description he receives from them is 61 very fine. 9. We surely had much pleasure from his remark on this occasion. 10. Their sessions were more noisy than is usually the case. n. Is there to be any motion from the other side? 12. Mr. Brown and Mr. Jones will surely be there on that occasion. 13. They had more pleasure from his remarks than from others. 14. If you will pay attention to the directions you will be master of the situation. Sentences written once - Sentences completed - __ HALF LENGTH STROKES A half length stroke cannot precede a final vowel sound. A compound character is one used with the semi- circle or with an initial or final hook. Pat, cheat, coat, feat, meet, mate, not, shut, sipped, soaked, soft, smite, skate, slate, cats, fights, hacked, good, bids, saved, reach, reached, bake, baked, vivid, rigid, argued, aimed, made, mode, seemed, end, send, sound, signed, sinned, doomed, timid, descend, Pratt, street, sobered, blade, tend, attend, mound, brought, great, greatly, ascertained, attract, October, abound, enchant, Kentucky, resume, scold, framed, field, veiled, absurd, whetted, payment, print, reeled, ruled, crate, create, pot, poet, endued, endowed, invite, invited, headed, padded, faded, derived, divided, shrou led, righted/ .pickled, bottled, tackled, awaited, dieted, unedited, agitated, ray, raid, raided, radiate, radiated, inundated, Benedict, acted, dated, freighted. Doing, making, saying, having, missing, hopping, aiding, abusing, tracing ; ravings, sayings, ratings, openings ; watch- ing the, dividing the, mocking the, arranging the ; feasibility, invisibility, visibility, mutability, temporality, totality, circu- larity, muscularity, vulgarity. WORD SIGNS : Particular-ly, opportunity, part, remem- bered, at hand, did not, do not, had not, gentlemen, gentle- man, quite, could, good, that, without, immediate-ly, under, hand-owned, somewhat. Outlines written once Outlines completed - 62 SENTENCES : i. In spite of the fight he sent the mat late last night. 2. He vowed that the deed would be void if not sent soon. 3. The talkative man went to the tent and betrayed the band. 4. You should take pride in the gift sent by the general. 5. The noted man who offended us will be avoided. 6. He edited the report which was dated last week. 7. They are thinking of trying to buy the shining cup. 8. They are speaking of paying for the drawings. 9. The engravings will be shown at the meetings of the society. 10. We did not know because we had not heard of it. ii. His responsibility and popularity are very great because of his prosperity. 12. I remember that we had a particularly good op- portunity without his aid. 13. We did not know that the gentle- man was at hand at that time. 14. He said that part of it would be sent immediately to the shipper. 15. If he made it wrong that will be the end of it. Sentences written once- Sentences completed DOUBLE LENGTH STROKES WORDS : Fighter, latter, mutter, shouter, flutter, fl itter, alter, softer, smatter, salter, saunter, sender, surrender, cinder, matters, slanders, shatters, enters, finder, vendor, asunder, lender, whiter, yonder, wonder, hinder, islander, flounder, mentor, warder, astral, inventor, thermometer, defrauder, smel- ter, disorder, provender, intercept, interfere, interrupt, inter- dict, interest, introduce, entertain, entertained. Concede, conceit, conceive, concise, concur, condemn, con- dense, confine, consent, consign, contract, convince, conception, conclusion, combination, comfort, commend, communication, communicate, compel, competent, comply, accommodate, dis- continue, inconvenient, reconsider, intercommunication, circum- vent, self-educated, self-support, insert, insertion, insulation, magnifiable, magnetic, countersign, contradict, controversy. WORD SIGNS : Material, immaterial, commence, commenced, commences-United States, circumstance, circumstances, inex- perience, inexperienced. Outline written once. Outlines completed. 63 SENTENCES : i . I shall write a letter to father and mother about it. 2. The diameter of the meters is another matter. 3. The voters were in the center of the fighters. 4 The cylinder was too slender for the shutters. 5. I must confess that I did not consider your communication. 6. I have concluded that the condition of the concern is contrary to good order. 7. In recognition of the compensation received I will recommend you to the committee. 8. It is self-evident that his self-respect is an inspiration. 9. We must circumvent them and be self-possessed. 10. The instrument was an inspiration to all who heard it. i r. The magnificent scene could not be too greatly magnified. 12. It is immaterial when you commence to ship the motors. 13. Under the circumstances we will not consider his inexperience. 14. The United States possess material for all purposes. 15. It is an experienced man who has commenced to render their accounts. Sentences written once Sentences completed 4023 64 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. MAR 9 - 196f Form L9-10m-3,'48(A7920)444 Z56 H36u 000 571 38<